Andhere Me Ujala

Author(s): Saralyashashreeji
Publisher: Adarsh Sahitya Sangh Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022865/1

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aMdhere meM ujAlA DaoN.sAdhvI saralayazA

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bala, zastra aura paudgalika zakti ke sahAre pazutA kA sAmrAjya sthApita hotA hai aura manuSya apanI guNavattA ko bhUlakara kartavyacyuta ho jAtA hai| Adhunika vizva kI yahI samasyA hai| samAdhAna ke Aloka meM manISiyoM kI ahiMsA saMkalpanA maulikatA se saMpRkta hai| manuSya kA ujjvalAMza pradIpta ho vaha ahaMkAra, svArtha, bhautika AkAMkSA se Upara uThakara apane vyaktitva kA visarjana virATa ke kalyANa meM samarpita kreN| isa satya ko ahiMsA ke kenavAsa para sAbita karane kA bIr3A manISiyoM ne uThAyA aura saphalatA kI misAla kAyama kii| usakI eka jhalaka 'a~dhere meM ujAlA' meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| --

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a~dhere meM ujAlA

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Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana

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a~dhere meM ujAlA AcArya mahAprajJa evaM mahAtmA gA~dhI kA ahiMsA darzana (zodha) DaoN. sAdhvI saralayazA

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(c) Adarza sAhitya saMgha, naI dillI a~dhere meM ujAlA lekhaka : DaoN. sAdhvI saralayazA prakAzaka : Adarza sAhitya saMgha 210, dInadayAla upAdhyAya mArga naI dillI-110002 prathama saMskaraNa : sana 2011 mUlya : cAra sau rupaye prakAzana sahayoga : svargIya mAlacandajI dhannIdevI seThiyA evaM bhaMvaralAlajI jaMvarImalajI seThiyA kI puNyasmRti meM gulAbacanda sarojadevI seThiyA evaM sujAnamala manjUdevI seThiyA, momAsara nivAsI, dalakolA (pa.baM.) pravAsI. mudraka : Ara-Teka AphaseTa priMTarsa, dillI-110032 ANDHERE MEIN UJALA by Dr. Sadhvi Saralyasha Rs. 400.00

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AzIrvacana ahiMsA kalyANakArI tatva hai| vaha jIvana jIne kA sundara tarIkA hai| ahiMsA kA vicAra vibhinna darzanoM meM prApta hotA hai| ___ sAdhvI saralayazAjI ne isa viSaya meM sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| ve sAdhanA aura sAhitya ke kSetra meM vikAsa karatI rheN| a~dhere meM ujAlA' pAThakoM ke citta meM ujAlA bhre| shubhaashNsaa| -AcArya mahAzramaNa saMbodhi 30 jUna, 2011

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sAdara samarpita aNuvrata anuzAstA pUjya gurudeva zrI tulasI, vizva saMta prajJA sumeru AcArya zrI mahAprajJa yazasvI uttarAdhikArI zramaNa saMskRti ke saMvAhaka mahAtapasvI zAMtidUta AcArya zrI mahAzramaNa ko -vinayAvanata sAdhvI saralayazA

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svakathya vizva - mAnava astitva saMrakSaNa kI talAza meM hai / jisakA anubhava paramavijJAtA ne bahuta pahale hI kara liyaa| zAzvat samAdhAna kI Dagara para mUlyoM kI pratiSThA huI / ahiMsA usakA maulika ghaTaka hai / yaha traikAlika saca hai / isakI sAdhanA meM svayaM ko niyojita karane vAloM kA svarNima itihAsa hai usameM rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI aura AcArya mahAprajJa kA nAma zAmila hai / ubhaya manISiyoM ne ahiMsA ko zakti, Aloka aura samAdhAna ke najariye se parakhA aura prayogapUrvaka pratiSThita kiyaa| yadyapi ahiMsA kI zakti bhArata ke lie koI nayA tatva nahIM hai / saccAI to yaha hai ki ahiMsA kA upadeza bhArata meM itanI bAra diyA gayA ki zeSa vizva bhArata ko ahiMsA aura nivRtti kA deza hI mAna baiThA / manISIdvaya dvArA isa soca ko nayA pariveza milA / ahiMsA vicArAtmaka gatizIla prakriyA se, yathArtha ke dharAtala para samasyA samAdhAna kI kImiyAMsvarUpa pratiSThita huI / bala, zastra aura paudgalika zakti ke sahAre pazutA kA sAmrAjya sthApita hotA hai aura manuSya apanI guNavattA ko bhUlakara kartavyacyuta ho jAtA hai / Adhunika vizva kI yahI samasyA hai / samAdhAna ke Aloka meM manISiyoM kI ahiMsA saMkalpanA maulikatA se saMpRkta hai / manuSya kA ujjvalAMza pradIpta ho vaha ahaMkAra, svArtha, bhautika AkAMkSA se Upara uThakara apane vyaktitva kA visarjana virAT ke kalyANa meM samarpita kreN| isa satya ko ahiMsA ke kenavAsa para sAbita karane kA bIr3A manISiyoM ne uThAyA aura saphalatA kI misAla kAyama kI / usakI eka jhalaka 'a~dhere meM ujAlA' meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| mahAtmA mahAprajJa aura mahAtmA gA~dhI ke virAT ahiMsA darzana se katipaya tathyoM ko ekatrita karane kA merA vinamra prayatna mAtra hai| sImita saMsAdhanoM meM saMpAdita kArya kI apanI sImA hai / ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kArya karane vAloM ke samakSa Adhunika saMdarbha meM prayoga parIkSaNa pUrvaka gA~dhI evaM mahAprajJa ke darzana ko ujAgara karane meM yaha lekhana kArya nimitta banA to zrama kI sArthakatA hogii| vibhinna saMdarbhoM meM gu~phita ahiMsA darzana ke katipaya tathyoM ko yathArtha ke dharAtala para prastuta karane kA sAmarthya merI alpamati meM kahA~ AyA? eka mAtra guru-kRpA kA hI camatkAra mAnatI hU~ / pUjya pravara kI pAradarzI zakti ne merI cetanA ko jhaMkRta kiyA aura kArya saMpAdana avarodhoM ke bAvajUda sugama banatA gayA / divya vicAroM ke sraSTA pUjyapravara ne saharSa anujJA pradAna kI aura apekSita saMzodhanapUrvaka zodha (ix)

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kArya pustakAkAra niSpanna huaa| jijJAsuoM taka kRti svarUpa pahuMcAne kI AtmIyajanoM kI anuzaMsA bhI yogabhUta bnii| mahAtapasvI zAMtidUta AcAryazrI mahAzramaNa jI evaM saMgha mahAnidezikA mahAzramaNI sAdhvIpramukhA zrI kanakaprabhA jI kA maMgala AzIrvAda, protsAhana prastuta kRti kA upadhAna hai| pratyakSa-parokSa rUpa se jinakA bhI mujhe lekhana kArya meM sahayoga milA, sabhI ke prati sadaiva merA ahobhAva banA rhegaa| zubhAzaMsA ke sAtha merA yaha AdibhUta prayatna ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAloM ke lie AzA kiraNa bneN| svAtma vikAsa kI abhinava rAheM prazasta banAtA rhe| -DaoN. sAdhvI saralayazA

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prarocanA ahiMsA eka naitika ziromaNi pratyaya hai, jo dharma aura samAja donoM ko Alokita karatA hai| adhyAtma jagata meM vaiyaktika sarvocca upalabdhi (mukti) meM ahiMsA kI ananya bhUmikA svIkRta hai| sAmAjika amana-caina evaM zAMtipUrNa vikAsa meM ahiMsA kA yogadAna nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| ahiMsA kA vividhonmukhI anveSaNa aura vikAsa Adi kAla se gatimAna hai| isake vikAsa krama meM vibhinna darzanoM meM yogadarzana, bauddha darzana evaM jaina darzana kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai| RSi-maharSiyoM, saMta-mahantoM, AcAryoM ne jIvana meM samarasa banAkara ise prANavAn banAyA hai| pAzcAtya dharma-darzana evaM vidvAnoM kI soca ahiMsA siddhAMta kI svIkRti se rikta nahIM hai| ___ 'savvabhUya khemaMkarI' ahiMsA kA virAT svarUpa hai| isameM prANImAtra ke kSema-kuzala kI adbhuta zakti hai| yaha deza-kAla kI sImAoM se mukta eka zAzvata satya kA pratIka hai| ahiMsA kI divyatA aura viziSTatA ko satyApita karane vAlI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ArSa vANI AgamoM meM guMphita hai| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM ahiMsA ko AdhAra aura trANa ke rUpa meM svIkRti milI- 'esA sA bhagavaI ahiMsA jA sA bhIyANaM viva saraNaM, pakkhINaM viva gamaNaM / tisiyANaM viva salilaM, khuddiyANaM viva asnnN| samuddamajjhe va poyavahaNaM, cauppayANaM va AsamapayaM, duhaTTiyANaM va osahibalaM, aDavImajjhe va stthgmnnN|' ahiMsA kI zakti ke rUpa meM pratiSThA evaM isake maulika artha kI mImAMsA ujAgara huii| ahiMsA kA artha prANoM kA viccheda na karanA, itanA hI nahIM, usakA artha hai-mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM ko zuddha rkhnaa| ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka svarUpa ke sAtha isake vidheyAtmaka svarUpa ko ujAgara karanA atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| hiMsA-ahiMsA kisI nirdhArita rUpa aura kRtya ke nAma nahIM hai| mAnava kI gati aura usake vikAsa ko yadi barbaratA se saha astitva yAnI hiMsA se ahiMsA kI dizA meM na svIkAreM to mAnavatA kA itihAsa zUnyatA ke garta meM vilIna ho jaayegaa| sarvocca ahiMsA kA svarUpa adRzya hokara bhI prANavAn siddha hotA hai| jisakA prabhAva pUrI duniyA ke lie zakuna hai| bIsavIM-ikkIsavIM sadI ke zikhara puruSa-mahAtmA gAMdhI aura AcArya mahAprajJa ne maMthana pUrvaka ahiMsA ko Adhunika saMdarbha meM prastuta kiyaa| ahiMsA ke sanAtana siddhAMta ko vaijJAnika kasauTI para (xi)

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vyApakatA pradAna karane vAle rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI aura rASTrasaMta AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA darzana maulikatA aura samAdhAyakatA se yukta hai / vijJAna kI mahattvapUrNa kasauTI hai - prayogadharmitA / isa dRSTi se ahiMsA aura satya ko prayoga pUrvaka pratiSThita karane vAle manISiyoM kA ahiMsA darzana vaijJAnika hai| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM samIkSaNa pUrvaka samAcaraNa aneka saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara karatA hai / gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke ahiMsA darzana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne ahiMsA kA mUlya aura mahattva apanI saphalatA-viphalatA se na jor3akara zAzvata zakti ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| akelI ahiMsA hI viSa ko amRta meM badalane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai / Aja vizva, zakti kI khoja meM hai / zakti vaha hai jo sthiti meM parivartana lAye / vizva rAjanIti meM astra-zastra, ANivaka zakti, bhautika zakti ko hI zakti kA paryAya mAnA gayA hai| gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ise vAstavika zakti nahIM mAnate / zakti kI avadhAraNA meM ina manISiyoM ne AmUla-cUla parivartana kiyA aura kahA - naitika zakti hI vAstavika zakti hai| unakI dRSTi meM aNu aura paramANu kI tulanA meM ahiMsA kI zakti zreSTha aura vizAla hai| paramANu bama, jaivika - rAsAyanika zastroM se sajjita isa yuga meM zuddha ahiMsA hI aisI zakti jo hiMsA kI saMpUrNa cAloM ko viphala kara sakatI hai| ahiMsA sadaiva sakriya rahane vAlI ati sUkSma atula zakti hai| manISiyoM dvArA kiyA gayA ahiMsA anveSaNa vizva mAnava ke lie prakAza stambha hai| unhoMne batAyA ahiMsA mAtra paraloka prazasti kA mArga nahIM hai isake dvArA vartamAna jIvana vyApI vibhinna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna khojA jA sakatA hai| vaizvika samasyA samAdhAna kI kamiyoM ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa kI vaijJAnika soca kA sabUta hai / parataMtratA aura jar3atA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3A bhArata-bhU ke lie gAMdhI kA janma eka varadAna thaa| bhAratIya janamAnasa evaM aphrIkA pravAsI bhAratIya logoM kI cetanA jhaMkRta karane vAle rASTrapitA kA jIvana ahiMsA kI prayogazAlA thA / apanI alabelI ahiMsaka jIvana zailI evaM ciMtana zailI kI badaulata vizvabhara meM gAMdhI nAma kA jAduI AkarSaNa Aja bhI jIvaMta hai / AkarSaNa kA maulika AdhAra banA virAT paimAne para ahiMsAtmaka prayoga / gAMdhI kA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki bhArata yadi parataMtratA kI ber3iyA~ tor3a sakatA hai to usakA ekamAtra sAdhana hai - ahiMsA / unhoMne kahA- 'maiM aisA svapna dekha rahA hU~ ki merA deza ahiMsA dvArA svataMtratA prApta karegA aura maiM agaNita bAra saMsAra ke samakSa yaha bAta duharA denA cAhatA hU~ ki ahiMsA ko tyAga kara maiM apane deza kI svataMtratA prApta nahIM karU~gA / ahiMsA ke sAtha merA pariNaya itanA avicchinna hai ki maiM apanI isa sthiti se vilaga hone kI apekSA AtmahatyA kara lenA pasaMda karU~gA / ' AcArya mahAprajJa kA AjIvana ahiMsA mahAvrata bhale hI vyaktigata sAdhanA kA viSaya thA para unhoMne ahiMsA para jo cahu~mukhI ciMtana kiyA vo nizcita hI hiMsA - saMkula mAnavatA ke lie AzA dIpa hai| sAdhanAmaya jIvana kI prayoga bhUmi para vikasita ahiMsA ke vicAra se hiMsA trasta mAnavatA ke lie trANa hai / jIvanagata kriyAoM kA hiMsA-ahiMsA saMbaMdhI na kevala sUkSma vizleSaNa hI kiyA apitu prabhAvI yaugika prayogoM ke dvArA hiMsA para niyaMtraNa sthApanA kA rahasya bhI btlaayaa| AcArya mahAprajJa kA maulika vizleSaNa hai - 'hamAre zarIra meM bahuta prakAra ke esiDa banate haiM unakI mAtrA bar3hatI hai to santulana bigar3atA hai aura AdamI kI manovRtti badala jAtI hai vaha krodhI, aparAdhI aura hatyArA taka bana sakatA hai| jaba hamAre rakta meM, mastiSka meM, mUtra meM emino esiDa kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai (xii)

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to AdamI hiMsaka bana jAtA hai| mAtrA meM eka santulana sthApita karanA yogAsana ke dvArA saMbhava hai|' ise prayoga kI bhUmi para sAbita kara dikhAyA hai| gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM jina sUkSma tathyoM ko khojA evaM prastuti dI unake tulanAtmaka pratipAdana kA sArthaka prayatna prastuta kRti meM kiyA gayA hai| manISiyoM ke ahiMsA darzana meM sUkSmatA, sAmayikatA, samAdhAyakatA aura vaijJAnikatA kA nidarzana hai, usakA samanvita prArUpa ciMtana ke naye kSitija udghATita karane meM samartha hai| isa tathya ke prakaTIkaraNa kA prayatna bhI isa kArya kA uddezya rahA hai| Adhunika pariprekSya meM hiMsA aura tanAvagrasta jana-jIvana kA patha-darzana karane meM mahApuruSoM kI soca aura zailI AlambanabhUta bana sakatI hai; isa tathya ke prakAzana kA prayatna bhI rahA hai| isa zodha niSTha kRti kA lakSya saccAI ko yathArtha ke dharAtala para prastuta karanA hai| samAja ko ahiMsA kI jarUrata hai, tAki vaha zAMti ke sAtha jI sake, svastha raha ske| vyAvahArika ahiMsA ke AdhAra para mAnava ne ahiMsA kI garimA kA anubhava kiyA kintu pAramArthika ahiMsA kI ora bahuta kama dhyAna diyaa| manISiyoM ne isa saMdarbha meM sUkSmatA se ciMtana kiyA hai| yathAzakya use vimarza kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai tAki sudhI pAThaka usase bhI rUbarU ho ske| gAMdhI va mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA ko jisa rUpa meM dekhA-samajhA aura prayukta kiyA usakA yathArtha samAkalana mahattvapUrNa kasauTI hai| donoM manISiyoM ke pUrva ahiMsA ke tatvadarziyoM ne vyaktigata cetanA ko udAtta banAne hetu eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM athavA paraspara vyavahAroM ko niyaMtrita karane vAle eka AcaraNa ke rUpa meM ise svIkAra kiyaa| ahiMsA koI aisI avadhAraNA nahIM, jise kevala vyaktigata AcaraNa aura cetanA kI avasthA taka hI sImita rakhA jaaye| nizcaya hI ye ahiMsA ke prakaTa tattva haiM parantu isake atirikta samAja vyavasthAoM meM sannihita ahiMsA kA vizAla kSetra hai jo adhyayana aura ciMtana kI dRSTi se achUtA rahA hai yahI kAraNa thA ki ahiMsA hamAre sarvAMgINa jIvana kI saMskRti nahIM bana skii| vizva itihAsa meM pahalA vyakti gAMdhI huA jinhoMne isa satya ko samajhakara samAja saMracanA meM sannihita vividha prakAra kI hiMsAoM ke viSaya meM zodhakara ahiMsA kA eka sarvAMga darzana tathA ahiMsaka jIvana paddhati kA vicAra vizva mAnavatA ke sAmane rkhaa| dUsarI ora AcArya mahAprajJa ne hiMsA ke kAraNoM ko khoja pUrvaka prastuti dii| unakI dRSTi meM hiMsA kA agara vargIkaraNa kiyA jAe to Arthika hiMsA, vyavasAyika hiMsA, anaitika AcaraNa aura bhraSTAcAra Adi bahuta se rUpoM meM hiMsA ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| jo ahiMsA vikAsa kI argalAe~ haiN| ahiMsA ke vyaktigata anubhava ko vyApaka paimAne para sAmAjika, rASTrIya aura aMtarrASTrIya pariveza meM samasyA samAdhAna ke upacArAtmaka prayoga svarUpa meM prastuta kara vyakti parivartana se rASTra nirmANa kI bAta khii| abhinava rUpa meM manISiyoM ke ciMtana kA siMcana pA ahiMsA kevala saMtoM-paMthoM evaM dharmAtmAoM ke adhyayana, ciMtana aura AcaraNa meM sImita na rahakara isakA vistAra arthanIti, rAjanIti, samAjanIti evaM aMtarrASTrIya kSitija paryaMta vyApaka bnaa| hindU-muslima sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA evaM zAMti sthApanA meM gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA kI zakti kA samAna rUpa se prayoga kiyaa| bApU ne hindU-muslima upadravoM se AtaMkita noAkhalI ke vAtAvaraNa ko manovaijJAnika tarIke se (hindU-muslima baccoM ko eka sAtha khilavAkara.........) eka dUsare (xiii)

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jala raha kI hatyA nahIM karane kI kasama utthvaaii| itanA hI nahIM, 15 agasta 1947 ko svataMtratA divasa para saradAra paTela va neharU jI dvArA dillI Agamana ke nimaMtraNa ko asvIkAra karate hue kahA-'jaba baMgAla rahA hai, hindU aura musalamAna eka-dUsare kI hatyA kara rahe haiM aura kalakatA meM phaile isa aMdhakAra meM mujhe unakI pIr3A kA ArtanAda sunAI de rahA hai, maiM rozaniyoM se jagamagAtI dillI kaise A sakatA huuN|' spaSTa rUpa se gAMdhI ke lie AjAdI ke utsava se adhika mahattva thA, hindU-muslima sadbhAvanA kI misAla ko kAyama krnaa| ___isase kucha bhinna hindU-muslima ekatA-sadbhAvanA ke maulika prayatna AcArya mahAprajJa ne kiye| isakI eka misAla hai ki tamAma pratikriyAoM kI paravAha kiye bagaira AcArya mahAprajJa kA godharA kAMDa se pIr3ita gujarAta prAMta meM jAne kA nirnny| ahiMsA yAtrA kI upayogitA vahA~ sAbita huii| unhoMne ahiMsaka nIti se hindU-muslima sabhAoM ko saMbodhita kiyA aura isa saccAI se avagata karavAyA-'hiMsA kisI samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hai| isase kisI kA bhI bhalA nahIM hogaa|' prabhAvI prayatnoM se donoM samudAyoM ke bIca sauhArda aura samanvaya kA vAtAvaraNa bnaa| donoM manISiyoM ke ekatAsadbhAvanA mUlaka AdarzoM ke Aloka meM vyApaka rUpa se sakArAtmaka prayatna kiye jAye to nizcita rUpa se acche pariNAma nikala sakate haiN| gAMdhI ne tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ko samajhA aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke anurUpa deza kI AjAdI kA svapna saMjoyA aura saphalatA kA varaNa kiyaa| unhoMne apUrNa ahiMsA ko svIkAra kiyA ki yadi hama pUrNa rUpeNa mana-vacana-karma se ahiMsaka hote to usakA prabhAva vizva vyApI hotaa| para hamArI AdhIadhUrI ahiMsA ne bhI hameM maMjila taka pahuMcAyA hai yaha ahiMsA zakti kA hI camatkAra hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke pAradarzI ciMtana se ahiMsA kI navya dhArA prasphuTita huii| unhoMne ahiMsA ke ciMtana kI pRSThabhUmi meM hiMsA ke kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA-'bhUkha eka aisI samasyA hai, jisase vyakti ko ugravAdI aura aparAdhI banane kA maukA milatA hai|... naksalavAda, ugravAda aura aparAdha kA eka mukhya kAraNa hai bhuukh| jahA~ lAkhoM loga vaibhava kA jIvana jIte haiM, jabaki karor3oM logoM ko khAne ko pUrI roTI bhI nasIba nahIM hotI, vahA~ pratikriyAtmaka hiMsA se bacA nahIM jA sktaa|' isa yathArtha Akalana para logoM kA dhyAna kendrita kiyaa| bar3I saMkhyA meM AcArya mahAprajJa ke anuyAyI varga evaM rASTrapati DaoN. abdala kalAma jaise vaijJAnika deza ke prathama nAgarika ne phyareka (FUREC) ke mAdhyama se svarojagAra, AtmanirbharatA ke kAryoM ko bar3hAvA diyA aura bhUkha kI samasyA kA sahI samAdhAna khojane ke upakrama jArI kiyeN| apekSA hai isa kSetra meM samIkSaNa pUrvaka bahuAyAmI kAryakramoM ko vyApaka banAne kii| gAMdhI ne Atmazuddhi pUrvaka svastha samAja saMracanA para bala diyaa| gAMdhI upavAsa (anazana) karate, taba bhI unakA spaSTa najariyA banA rahatA ki maiM apanI Atma-zuddhi karane ke lie aisA punIta kArya kara rahA huuN| AcArya mahAprajJa ne pUrNa saMyamI jIvana jIte hue ahiMsA kI jo sAdhanA kI, vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| unhoMne apane anubhava ke AdhAra para prazikSaNa ke jariye sAmAjika dharAtala para ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM tyAga-balidAna evaM sAdhanA ke samanvayAtmaka svarUpa ko Adhunika pAraveza meM prastuti dI jAye aura usakA vyApaka prasAra kiyA jAye, nizcita rUpa se usake sakArAtmaka pariNAma nikleNge| gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa kI saMyama pradhAna jIvana-zailI para (xiv)

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ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle vyakti evaM saMgaThana vikasita kiye jAyeM tAki ahiMsA ke racanAtmaka pariNAma ghaTita ho ske| ahiMsA kI divya zakti kA gAMdhI ne sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya utthAna hetu prayoga kiyA aura mahAprajJa ne AdhyAtmika anubhava ke AdhAra para vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika zAMti evaM svastha samAja, saMskArakSama samAja kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsA para bala diyaa| ina ubhaya dhArAoM meM anusyUta ahiMsA ke maulika rUpa ko Adhunika saMdarbha meM vaijJAnika pravidhi ke rUpa meM vikasita kiyA jAye tAki pracaMDa hiMsA kI samasyA para niyaMtraNa sthApita kiyA jA skeN| . vyAvahArika dharAtala para ahiMsA ko Asana mile isa hetu donoM manISiyoM ne prayoga aura prazikSaNa kI bAta para bala diyaa| ahiMsA ke lie mastiSkIya prazikSaNa kI eka prakalpanA, eka yojanA AcArya mahAprajJa ne prastuta kii| unhoMne batAyA binA isake nizcita dizA meM Age nahIM bar3hA jA sktaa| ahiMsA kA pATha sau bAra par3ha lene para bhI koI ahiMsaka nahIM bana jaataa| pATha prazikSaNa kA eka aMga ho sakatA hai vaha pUrA prazikSaNa nahIM hai| usake lie aneka tatvoM kA samAhAra apekSita hai| zastra nirmANa, prayoga aura prazikSaNa ke lie kitanI bar3I-bar3I yojanAeM aura kAryakrama cala rahe haiN| isIlie hiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAloM kI eka bar3I senA taiyAra hai| hiMsA apane ApameM niSedhAtmaka hai| vaha svayaM bhayaMkara hai. usake pariNAma bhI bhayaMkara hai| pariNAma kI bhayaMkaratA ne ahiMsA ke svara ko balaMda kiyA hai| ahiMsA svayaM vidhAyaka hai, usake pariNAma bhI vidhAyaka hai para usake lie hamArA mastiSka taiyAra nahIM haiN| kyA mastiSka parivartana kI bAta socI jAegI? kyA isa vaijJAnika aura prAyogika yuga meM ahiMsA ko prayoga kI bhUmi prApta hogI? ina praznoM kA samAdhAna manISiyoM kI ahiMsA pradhAna ciMtana zailI meM khojane kA prayatna yathAzakya kRti meM kiyA gayA hai| gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA soca aura kArya paddhati meM kitanA sAmya aura vaiSamya hai? tathya pradhAna tulanAtmaka vimarza ke AdhAra para sudhijana, prabuddha pAThaka svayaM usakA nirNaya kreN| viSaya vargIkaraNa prastuta lekhana kArya viSaya vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se pA~ca adhyAyoM meM samAyojita hai| adhyAya prArUpa apane Apa meM maulika hai| ahiMsA jIva kA svabhAva hai aura hiMsA vibhaav| vibhAva aura svabhAva kA saMgharSa anAdi hai| prazna hai svabhAva ke vikAsAtmaka svarUpa kaa| ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA Adi bindu khoja pAnA kaThina hai para jaba se mAnava ne samUha meM rahanA prAraMbha kiyA tabhI se isakA zrIgaNeza ho gyaa| prAraMbha meM ahiMsA kA svarUpa tyAga (vrata) rUpa meM prakaTa huaa| kAlAMtara meM ahiMsA kA vividhonmukhI prayoga vyApaka banatA gyaa| vibhinna niyamopaniyama, anuzAsanAtmaka kAravAI, maryAdA, vyavahAra meM ahiMsA kA svarUpa pratiSThita huaa| prathama adhyAya 'ahiMsA : vikAsa krama' meM ahiMsA ke svarUpa kA aitihAsika saMdarbha meM maMthana kiyA gayA hai| Agama yuga meM pratiSThita ahiMsA kA vizuddha svarUpa veda, upaniSad rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, gItA Adi meM svataMtra dhArA ke rUpa meM pravAhita huaa| darzana ke kSetra meM isako mAnyatA milii| madhya yuga meM ahiMsA kA svarUpa vibhinna rUpoM meM vikasita hone ke bAvajUda maMda huaa| maMda svara ko punaH mukharita karane meM mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa ne apanI zakti ko niyojita kiyaa|

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manISiyoM ne ahiMsA ko eka vyApaka svarUpa pradAna kiyA aura vizva ke sAmane ahiMsA kI zakti ko tejasvI rUpa meM prastuta kiyaa| prastAvita adhyAya meM ahiMsA ke artha, svarUpa, prakAroM ke sAtha gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke maulika ahiMsA niSTha maMtavyoM kA vimarza kiyA gayA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI aura AcArya mahAprajJa ke preraNAsrota' dvitIya adhyAya meM una pratyakSa-apratyakSa kArakoM kA vimarza kiyA gayA hai jinase manISI dvaya ne ahiMsA kA phaulAdI pATha pddh'aa| yadyapi donoM ke bhinna pariveza evaM bhinna preraNA srota bneN| jisakI spaSTa jhalaka ina manISiyoM ke kArya kSetra meM dekhI jAtI hai| gAMdhI kI rAjanIti ahiMsA kA paryAya banI aura mahAprajJa kA ucca ahiMsA-niSTha jIvana janamAnasa kI ahiMsaka cetanA ko jhaMkRta karane meM yogabhUta banA hai| vyakta-avyakta kArakoM se milA ahiMsAmRta pAThaka kI ahiMsaka zakti ko jhaMkRta karane meM yogya bhUmikA adA karane kA sAmarthya rakhatA hai| manISiyoM ke preraNotsava meM eka bahuta bar3e maulika tathya kA samAveza hai| vaha hai-guNagrAhakatA kA nidrshn| jahA~ bhI, jisa rUpa meM manISiyoM ko saMskAra nirmANa, ahiMsAtmaka vicAroM ke saMgrAhaka sakArAtmaka sUtra mileM unheM grAhaka buddhi se sNjoyaa| apane jIvana ko ucca Adarza taka pahuMcAne ke upakrama meM gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ne aneka Aloka sUtroM kA svAtma preraNA se AlaMbana li 'ahiMsA kA saiddhAMtika svarUpa' tRtIya adhyAya meM gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke ahiMsA pradhAna vaiyaktika, pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya aura aMtarrASTrIya vicAroM kA samAkalana hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA se saMkula vyavasthA kA pRthakkaraNa nizcita rUpa se kaThina kArya hai, para manISiyoM kI virAT soca meM guMphita vicAroM ko sApekSa dRSTi se ahiMsA ke Aloka meM khojane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA phUTatI aura phaTatI hai, taba dikhatI hai aura ahiMsA alakSya bhAva se mAnava kI kriyAoM meM vyApta rahatI hai| isakA kSIra-nIra viveka prajJA sApekSa hai| para jijJAsA ke Aine meM sImita sAdhana sAmarthya aura soca ke kenavAsa para hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke pRthak bhAva ko prastuta karane kA vinamra prayatna mAtra hai| guNavattA kA saMgraha aba bhI avazeSa hai| ahiMsaka vyakti kI saMkalpanA gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa kI svataMtra parilakSita hotI hai| gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM jo vyakti nirbhaya hokara jIvana kI bali car3hAkara binA zastra uThAye zastra kA mukAbalA karatA hai, vaha ahaM ke moha ko chor3akara satya ke lie apane ko samarpita kara detA hai| usa vyakti kI yaha paddhati vizuddha ahiMsaka hai| para apane prANoM ke vyAmoha se bhaya pUrvaka zastra ke sAmane palAyana karane vAlA yadyapi hiMsA nahIM karatA para vaha gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM na kevala mahAn kAyara hai, pratyuta sabase bar3A hiMsaka hai, kyoMki use svayaM ke prati moha aura satya kI upekSA karake apane akiMcana prANoM ko bacAne kI cAha hai| mahAprajJa kI soca meM ahiMsaka vaha hai jo deza, kAla aura pariri pati se Upara uThakara mana-vacana-karma se sadaiva ahiMsA kI rAha para calatA hai| gAMdhI ke lie svAdhInatA kevala eka rAjanaitika tathyamAtra nahIM thii| ema. pAla ricarDa ke zabdoM meM-'gAMdhIjI bhArata kI svAdhInatA ke lie nahIM balki vizva meM ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie kAma kara rahe haiN|' yaha eka saccAI bhI thii| vo bhArata ko videzI zAsana se nahIM, apitu sAmAjika kurItiyoM aura sAmpradAyika jhagar3oM se bhI mukti dilAne ke lie lar3e the| unakA spaSTa udghoSa thA- 'maiM eka aise bhArata ke lie kAma karU~gA, jisameM garIba-se-garIba bhI yaha mahasUsa kare ki yaha deza usakA hai aura isake nirmANa meM usakI sakriya bhUmikA hai| aise bhArata meM U~ca-nIca, vargoM kA bheda nahIM hogA, (xvi)

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jisameM sabhI jAtiyAM mela-milApa ke sAtha rahegI, chuAchUta aura nazebAjI ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hogaa| striyoM aura puruSoM ke samAna adhikAra hoNge|....' yaha ahiMsaka samAja kA prArUpa thA jise gAMdhI ne Atma nirbhara evaM mAnavIya mUlyoM se yukta banAne kA bIr3A uThAyA thaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka samAja kI saMkalpanA zoSaNa mukta, saMskArakSama, svastha samAja ke rUpa meM prastuta kii| vizeSa rUpa se samAja kI saMpannatA para bala diyA, anuzAsana kI cetanA, caritrabala aura sAdhana zuddhi kA viveka mahattvapUrNa hai| jisa samAja ke ye zakti srota zUnya bindu ke AsapAsa cale jAte haiM athavA zUnya ho jAte haiM, vaha samAja zakti saMpanna nahIM ho sakatA aura jo zakti saMpanna nahIM hotA, vaha svastha nahIM ho sktaa| unhoMne kahA-ahiMsaka samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kA sthAna sarvopari hogA aura jaba ahiMsaka vyakti aura samAja kA nirmANa hogA to ahiMsaka rASTra aura aMtarrASTrIya kSitija para isakI viziSTa pahacAna hogii| gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke lie ahiMsA mAtra sAmayika nIti nahIM apitu vaha akhaMDa siddhAMta thii| yathArtha ke dharAtala para jaba ahiMsA siddhAMta banakara samAja meM pasaratI hai taba eka vyakti dUsare vyakti kA zoSaNa nahIM karegA, dhokhA nahIM degA aura usake jIvana meM nyAya bar3hegA aura samAja kA udyAttIkaraNa hogaa| __ vartamAna pariprekSya meM gAMdhI ciMtana sAmayikatA liye hue hai| ve bhAratIya samAja ko sacce artha meM svataMtra banAnA cAhate the, isIlie apane racanAtmaka kAryakrama meM carakhA, aspRzyatA nivAraNa aura sAmpradAyika ekatA ko pramukhatA dii| svataMtratA usa samaya taka kevala majAka hai, jaba taka ki loga bhUkhe mareM, naMge raheM aura asahya pIr3A se jUjhate rheN| carakhA jana-sAdhAraNa kI samasyAoM kA uddhAraka bane aisI apekSA Aja bhI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne AhvAna kiyA ki sAmAjika aura rASTrIya samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke tarIkoM para bhI ciMtana karanA hogaa| hiMsA samasyA kA samAdhAna hai, yaha dhAraNA banI huI hai| jabaki jarUrata isa dhAraNA ko vikasita karane kI hai ki ahiMsA se bahuta samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| rASTrIya ekatA ke lie ahiMsA kA vikAsa nitAMta apekSita hai| ahiMsA ke binA zAMti sthApita nahIM ho sakatI aura Arthika vikAsa bhI zAMti ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| zAMti ke binA garIbI kA nidAna nahIM ho sakatA aura na hI roTI aura makkhana kI sahajatA se vyavasthA kI jA sakatI hai| sAmAjika svAsthya ke lie zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva kI jarUrata hai| jo ahiMsAtmaka samAja kI abhinna kar3I hai| 'saiddhAMtika svarUpa' meM gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa dvArA nirdiSTa, upadiSTa vyakti se aMtarrASTrIya paryaMta vibhinna tathyoM kA vimarza ahiMsA ke Aloka meM kiyA gayA hai| isa vimarza se ahiMsA ke vikAsa evaM pratiSThA kI naI saMbhAvanAeM ujAgara huI haiN| 'ahiMsAH prAyogika svarUpa' caturtha adhyAya meM gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa dvArA nirdiSTa ahiMsA pradhAna prayogoM kA vimarza kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA kI sthApanA vibhinna ahiMsA niSTha prayoga ke dvArA sugamatA se kI jA sakatI hai| isa saccAI ko donoM manISiyoM ne yathArtha ke dharAtala para parakhA aura pAyA ki jagata meM aba taka pazutA kA pazutA se, hiMsA kA hiMsA se, zastra kA zastra se hI sAmanA kiyA gayA hai| phalataH nirbala para sabala kI pakar3a saghana bnii| gAMdhI ne pratisrota kA mArga prazasta kara ahiMsA ke prayoga ko vyApakatA pradAna kI aura misAla kAyama kii| jirAlDa harDane ke zabdoM meM-'gAMdhIjI (xvii)

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ke prayoga meM sAre jagata ko dilacaspI hai aura usakA mahattva yugoM taka kAyama rhegaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unhoMne samUha ko lekara yA rASTrIya paimAne para usakA prayoga karane kI koziza kI hai|' gAMdhI ke ahiMsaka prayoga kI sazakta kar3I hai-ahiMsaka aaNdoln| asahayoga, kAnUnoM kA savinaya bhaMga aura satyAgraha-ina upakramoM ke jariye gAMdhI ne svarAjya kA rAstA taya kiyaa| 'zAMtiparNa badalAva ke eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM ahiMsAtmaka vidhi se dabAva DAlane kI tAkata meM unakA vizvAsa Aja bhI vizva bhara meM utanA hI nyAya saMgata hai jitanA mahAtmA gAMdhI ke kAla meM bhArata meM thaa|' yU. thAMTa ke isa kathana meM gAMdhI ke prayogoM kI prAsaMgikatA ujAgara huI hai| gAMdhI ne hRdaya parivartana kI bhUmikA para ahiMsA kI pratiSThA ko svIkAra kiyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ise prayoga kI kasauTI para sAbita kiyA ki ahiMsaka prayogoM ke dvArA vyakti parivartana kA durUha kArya saMpAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI sArvabhauma prakriyA ke dvArA mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka prayogoM ko pratiSThita kiyaa| vaiyaktika cetanA ke pariSkAra evaM pavitratA ko sAmudAyika cetanA kA AdhAra batalAte hue prayoga kI vyApakatA para bala diyaa| ahiMsA kI gatizIla prakriyA ko 'aNuvrata-AMdolana' ke jariye prastuta kara vyakti, samAja, rASTravyApI samasyAoM kA nidAna ahiMsaka rIti meM sujhaayaa| jisakA mahattvapUrNa udghoSa hai- 'sudhare vyakti-samAja vyakti se, rASTra svayaM sudhregaa|' isa sudhAra prakriyA kA AdharabhUta sUtra hai-prshikssnn| ___ ahiMsaka cetanA ke nirmANa meM bhAva pariSkAra hetu AcArya mahAprajJa ne mastiSkIya prazikSaNa athavA hRdaya parivartana kI pravidhiyoM para vizeSa rUpa se prakAza ddaalaa| prazikSaNa ke bahuAyAmI svarUpa ko prastuta kiyA niSedhAtmaka bhAva se mukti pAne ke lie jarUrI hai saMvega niyaMtraNa kA prshikssnn| . amIrI kI samasyA se mukti pAne ke lie jarUrI hai saMyama pradhAna jIvana zailI kA prshikssnn| . garIbI kI samasyA se mukti pAne ke lie jarUrI hai saMvibhAga kI cetanA kA prshikssnn| * saMvibhAga kI cetanA ko jagAne ke lie saMvega niyaMtraNa aura saMyama kI cetanA ke jAgaraNa kA prazikSaNa jarUrI hai| ahiMsA ke prAyogika svarUpa ko ahiMsA samavAya, ahiMsA sArvabhauma, ahiMsA prazikSaNa, prekSAdhyAna, yaugika prayogoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara AcArya mahAprajJa ne parivartana kI mahattvapUrNa pravidhi kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| tathyoM ke Aloka meM mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA ko prayogabhUmi para prayuktakara usakI vyApakatA ko ujAgara kiyA hai| caturtha adhyAya prayoga pravidhi kI mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai| jisameM ahiMsA vikAsa kI nUtana saMbhAvanAeM ujAgara huI haiN| ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAroM meM 'bheda, abheda evaM samanvaya' kA vimarza gaiMcama adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAroM ke tulanAtmaka anuzIlana para isakA prArUpa taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| isa khaNr3a kI saMpUrNa rUparekhA apane Apa meM maulika hai| jisakA isa lekhana kArya meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa donoM bhinna dhArAoM ke hone ke bAvajUda unake vaicArika pravAha meM adbhuta sAmyatA kA nidarzana hai| mAnoM donoM eka dUsare se prabhAvita hoN| yadyapi sAkSAt rUpa se gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa kA milana nahIM huA para donoM ne eka dUsare ke sAhitya paThana se saMparka saadhaa| aisA sAhitya maMthana ke AdhAra para puSTa hotA hai| (xviii)

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bheda meM gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke ahiMsA saMbaMdhI una vicAroM kA vimarza kiyA gayA hai jo vaiziSTya se yukta hai| sarvathA bheda pradhAna hone se svataMtra zailI meM veSTita haiN| abheda meM samAnadhArA meM gatizIla vicAroM kA samAkalana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi abheda pradhAna vicAroM kI dizA donoM kI svataMtra hai phira bhI unameM sAmyatA kA samAveza hai| udAharaNa ke taura para sAdhya-sAdhana kI pavitratA gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa donoM ko iSTa thii| pavitra lakSya ke lie pavitra sAdhana aura pavitra patha kA varaNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| manISiyoM kI ahiMsA nirjIva nahIM sajIva rUpa meM vyakta huii| hiMsA kA sAmanA karane ke lie ahiMsA pracaNDa zakti ke rUpa meM mAnya banIM, aisI zakti jisake sammukha jagata kI samasta pazutA aura zastrabala akiMcit kara ThaharatA hai| samanvaya kI dizA meM manISiyoM ke una maulika vicAroM kA samAveza hai jo eka dUsare se natthi hokara vartamAna kI vaizvika samasyAoM kA ahiMsaka nIti se samAdhAna nikAlane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kara sakate haiN| samanvaya kI zailI para ujAgara hone vAlI bhAvI saMbhAvanAoM kA Akalana evaM niSpakSa prastati ke saMkalpa kA anazIlana kiyA gayA hai| saMparNa paMcama adhyAya meM isa tathya ko ujAgara karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke ahiMsA viSayaka ciMtana meM adbhuta samAnatA, maulikatA aura sAmayikatA kA samAveza hai, apekSA hai vyApaka prayogabhUmi para pratiSThApana kii| preraNA-protsAhana prastuta kRti (pI.eca-DI. zodha prabaMdha) niSTha hai| isake Adi preraNA srota baneM bhArata jyoti yugapradhAna AcArya zrI mhaaprjny| AcArya mahAprajJa yogyatA ke nirmApaka the| ApazrI kI avitatha preraNA aura protsAhana ne mujhameM zodha jaise guruttara kArya se jur3ane kA AtmavizvAsa paidA kiyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa kI prANavAn preraNA ne merI saMkalpanA ko AkAra diyaa| prasaMga rAjagar3ha meM pUjya gurUdeva ke alpakAlIna pravAsa kA thaa| prAtarAza ke pazcAt maiM AcArya mahAprajJa kI upAsanA meM baiThI thii| sahasA gurUdeva ne mukhya niyojikA sAdhvI zrI vizruta vibhA jI ko iMgita karate hue mere lie pUchA-'ye kyA adhyayana kara rahI hai| maiMne sahaja bhAva se nivedana kiyA ki vyavasthita rUpa se to kacha bhI na 5 bhI nahIM cala rahA hai| gurUdeva se AzIrvAda milA-tuma pI.eca.DI. kara sakatI ho| maiMne ahobhAva se gurU iMgita ko prasannatApUrvaka zirodhArya kiyaa| DaoN. dayAnaMda bhArgava jI se viSaya cayana evaM DaoN. baccharAja jI dUgar3a, vibhAgAdhyakSa ahiMsA evaM zAMtizodha, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna ke nirdezana evaM ananya sahayoga se zodhakArya sampanna kiyaa| usa setubhUta sahayoga ke lie kRtajJatA jJApana zabda bhI baunA raha jAtA hai, maiM sadaiva AbhArI rhuuNgii| praNata hU~ preraNA aura pauruSa ke AsthAna zraddheya mahAmanA AcArya zrI mahAzramaNajI ke prati jinakI prANavAn karuNA ne mere kArya ko kRtArtha bnaayaa| natamastaka hU~, aharniza sArasvata samupAsanA meM tallIna mamatA kI mUrata AdaraNIya mahAzramaNI sAdhvIpramukhA zrI kanakaprabhA jI ke prati, jinhoMne bahuta pahale hI mere pI-eca.DI. kArya kI maMgalakAmanA pradAna kara mere katikArya ko samacita pariveza diyaa| DaoN. sAdhvI zrI zubhaprabhA jI ke phAInala prapha rIDiMga meM udAramanA samaya niyojana ke lie AbhArI huuN| kezara phareMsa insTITyUTa, gaMgAzahara kI DAyarekTara DaoN. sudhA sonI ke AtmIya sahayoga ne kArya ko gatizIla banAyA, usake lie sAdhuvAda / (xix)

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isa kRti ko dekha kara mere saMsAra pakSIya mAtAjI zrImatI zAMtidevI evaM agrajabhrAtA zrI gulAbacaMda jI, sujAnamala jI seThiyA saha pArivArika sadasyoM ko sAtvika garva aura gaurava kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| mana ko kitanA sukUna milatA kAza! mujhe prastuta kRti ko karuNA ke mahAstrota AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI ke caraNoM meM upahRta karane kA saubhAgya milatA, jinakI urjasvala preraNA ne mujhe yatkiMcita kArya karane ke liye protsAhita kiyaa| lekhana kArya meM zatAdhika granthoM kA upayoga kiyA gyaa| ataH una sabhI lekhaka-saMpAdaka samUha ke prati hArdika ahobhAva sadaiva samarpita rhegaa| sapariziSTa pAMca adhyAyoM meM samAyojita kRti meM rahI truTiyoM ko pAThakavarga kSamya kara apane maulika sujhAvoM se anugrahIta kreN| ahobhAvapUrvaka sAdara praNati cAra paMktiyoM ke sAtha mahAtmA gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ne diyA ur3ane ko anaMta AkAza, jana-jana ke mana meM pratiSThita kiyA ahiMsA ke prati vizvAsa / mere meM kahAM usa anaMta AkAza meM ur3ane kI tAkata? para, maiMne isa viSaya meM kiyA hai, choTA-sA pryaas| DaoN. sAdhvI saralayazA ema.e. golDa meDelisTa, (xx)

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anukrama adhyAya - 1. ahiMsA : vikAsa krama pUrvavRtta ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna adhyAya-2 preraNA srota 127 128 135 142 pUrvavRtta saMskAroM kI mUla IkAI sAMskRtika mUlya AdhyAtmika-naitika bodha pATha eka aura srota mahAprajJa ke preraNA srota amUlya bodha pATha parivartana evaM nava nirmANa 148 153 155 161

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169 175 sRjanAtmaka kar3iyA~ banAma AsthA yoga sphuraNA : Adi srota jIvana ke rahasya : banAma saphalatA sUtra adhyAya - 3 ahiMsA : saiddhAMtika svarUpa 178 187 188 pUrvavRtta ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti ahiMsA kI prayogazAlA-parivAra ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa 214 221 250 adhyAya -4 271 272 300 309 326 ahiMsA : prAyogika svarUpa pUrvavRtta ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa ahiMsA kA saMgaThanAtmaka svarUpa ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa hRdaya parivartana : eka vimarza parivartana kI sazakta kar3I : mUlya bodha adhyAya - 5 vaicArika bheda aura abheda pUrvavRtta bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka abheda tulA : eka vimarza samanvaya kI dizA : eka ciMtana 337 349 351 373 399

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pariziSTa ahiMsA ke sATha nAma 411 gAMdhI ke upavAsa 413 415 zikSA kA AzramI Adarza aNuvrata : AcAra saMhitA sandarbha grantha sUcI 417 419

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adhyAya-1 ahiMsA : vikAsa krama

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pUrvavRtta ahiMsA eka maMthara gati kA paudhA hai jo dravya-kSetra-kAla aura bhAva ke saMyoga se kuMda aura mukuMda hotA hai| itihAsa ke kSitija para isake Aroha-avaroha ke padacihna aMkita hai| ahiMsA dharatI kA vyAsa hai jisakA Adi-madhya evaM aMtima chora pAnA asaMbhava hai| isake jJAtA-dhyAtA mahApuruSoM ne isake svara evaM zaurya ko samaya-samaya para bulaMda kiyA aura ise prANotsarga ke badale bhI prANavAn banAye rkhaa| __ ahiMsA ke vikAsAtmaka svarUpa meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA citraNa yaha dhotita karatA hai ki graMthoM-mahAgraMthoM meM isakI kaisI bhUmikA rahI hai? mahApuruSoM ne ise apanAkara kisa rUpa meM, kaise prANavAn banAyA hai? ityAdi jijJAsAoM kA samIcIna samAdhAna prastata lekhana meM khojA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kA vizad vivecana AgamoM meM guMphita hai jisakI eka jhalaka pAThaka ke lie sulabha hai| eka ora veda-upaniSad Adi Arya graMthoM meM ahiMsA ko svIkRti milI to dUsarI ora aitihAsika thAtinumA racanAe~-mahAbhArata, gItAdi meM bhI isako sthAna milA hai jisakI carcA prasaMgataH kI gayI hai| vibhinna rUpoM meM, bhinna saMbodhanoM se ahiMsA ko jo prastuti milI use vimarza kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| vizeSa rUpa se ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA srota mahAtmAgAMdhI ke samaya meM eka nayA pravAharUpa dhAraNa kara bhArata kI AjAdI kA ajeya-zastra banA aura pUrI duniyA meM usakI cUta phailii| Adhunika sukarAta-vivekAnaMda kI khyAti prApta AcArya mahAprajJa ne saMpUrNa bhArata bhramaNa ke daurAna vyApaka jana saMparka ke AdhAra para na kevala ahiMsA vikAsa kI bAta kahI apitu hiMsA ke mUla kAraNoM kI khoja kii| tathyoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne batalAyA ki garIbI aura roTI kA abhAva AdamI ko hiMsA ke lie prerita karatA hai| naksalavAda, AtaMkavAda, ugravAda isI garIbI aura zoSaNa kI Aga se nikalI ciMgAriyA~ haiM jo svataMtra bhArata ke kaI rAjyoM ko apanI lapeTa meM le rahI haiN| samIkSaNa pUrvaka unhoMne prayoga aura prazikSaNa prakriyA ko prastuta kara, ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI naI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai| pUrvavRtta / 27

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ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa ahiMsA utsa : eka dRSTi bhAratIya saMskRti kA prANa tattva hai-ahiNsaa| bagaira isake jaivika astitva kI parikalpanA dhuMdhalIsI pratIta hotI hai| mAnava saMskRti kA jo vikasvara svarUpa Aja hama dekha rahe haiM usakI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsA kA sattva nihita hai| jIva jagat kI jijIviSA evaM duHkhamukta paramAvasthA kI abhipsA se anusyUta ahiMsA kI amIya srotasvinI kAlacakra ke nAnA avaroha-Aroha ke bAvajUda anAdikAla se gatimAna hai| itihAsa ke kSitija para isake unmeSa-nimeSa kA anveSaNa jijJAsu ke lie rahasyamaya hai| mAnava astitva se jur3e saMpratyaya kA Adi biMdu pAnA apane Apa meM jaTila pahelI hai| ahiMsA kI bhAvanA kaba aura kyoM utpanna huI ? ahiMsA zabda kA prayoga kaba se hone lagA? ye mahattvapUrNa anveSaNIya prazna haiN| inakA sahI-sahI itihAsa jAnanA kaThina hai| prAk aitihAsika kAla kI ora daSTipAta karane para 'ahiMsA' jaise zabda kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| isase saMbaMdhita kucha jAnakArI sAhitya aura kalpanA ke AdhAra para milatI hai| yaugalika yuga ke AraMbha kAla meM 'ahiMsA' zabda kI utpatti kA prazna hI nahIM utthaa| vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke prathama mUrdhAbhiSikta rAjA RSabha ne sAmAjika, rAjanaitika vyavasthAoM kA sUtrapAta kiyA usameM bhI ahiMsA kA koI rUpa sAmane nahIM aayaa| karmayuga ke pravartanAMtara bhagavAn RSabha Atma sAdhanA ke patha para cala pdd'e| sAdhanA kA prAraMbha 'savvaM sAvajjaM jogaM paccakkhAmi-Aja se maiM sarva sapApa pravRttiyoM ko tyAgatA hN| isa bhAvanA ke sAtha kiyaa| isakA AdhAra jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM milatA hai|" unhoMne jo sAdhanA kA pakSa svIkAra kiyA, vaha ahiMsAmaya thaa| RSabha deva ne sarva prANAtipAta kA viramaNa kiyaa| yahIM se ahiMsA kA srota bhaa| upadeza labdha dharma kA pravartana huaa| saMbhava hai prAthamika taura para ahiMsA ke lie prANAtipAta virati (prANa vadha kA tyAga) zabda prayoga meM AyA aura ahiMsA kA usake bAda meN| kalpanA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha saMgata lagatA hai| sarvaprathama jaba dUsaroM ko na mArane kI bhAvanA utpanna huI, taba usakI abhivyakti ke lie 'prANAtipAta virati' zabda hI paryApta thaa| pazcAt-prANAtipAta kI bhAvanA vikasita hote-hote caturUpa bana gaI 1-2 para-prANavadha jaise pApa hai, vaise sva-prANavadha bhI pApa hai| 3-4 para ke AtmaguNa kA vinAza karanA jaise pApa hai, vaise apane Atma-guNa kA vinAza karanA bhI pApa hai| 'prANAtipAta viramaNa' ke vistRta artha ko saMkSepa meM rakhane kI AvazyakatA ke sAtha hI yaha anubhava meM AyA ki prANa-vadha ke binA bhI pravRttiyAM sadoSa dekhI jAtI hai| ataH eka aise zabda 28 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kI apekSA huI, jo kevala prANa-vadha kA abhivyaMjaka na hokara sadoSa-pravRtti mAtra (AtmA kI vibhAva pariNatimAtra) kA vyaMjaka ho| isa khoja kI niSpatti meM 'ahiMsA' zabda kA prAdurbhAva huaa| ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha kevala prANa-vadha se na hokara asat-pravRtti mAtra se hotA hai| isa kalpanA ko sAhitya kA AdhAra bhI upalabdha hai| ahiMsA viSayaka gahana adhyayana-manana se upajA mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA utsa saMbaMdhI ciMtana maulika hai phira bhI isake nirNAyaka svarUpa kI prastuti jijJAsu ke lie khoja kA avakAza rakhatI hai| ahiMsA : artha svarUpa ahiMsA ke athAha samudra meM avagAhana se pUrva zabda mImAMsA kA arthabodha jarUrI hai| 'ahiMsA (saMskRta, strIliMga zabda) arthAt adroha, kisI prANI ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na denaa|' ahiMsA kA vyotpattika artha hai-'na hiMsA, ahiMsA' arthAt hiMsA kA na honaa| 'ahiMsA ahiMsanaM prANinAm apIr3anam' hiMsA na karanA, kisI ko duHkha yA kaSTa na denA ahiMsA hai| isa vyotpattikI vyAkhyA ke anusAra ahiMsA kA artha niSedhAtmaka hI nikalatA hai para isakI paribhASA meM jitanA vyApaka nakArAtmaka artha dhvanita hai utanA hI vyApaka vidheyAtmaka bhii| yathA kisI ko na mAranA, na satAnA, ahiMsA kI paribhASA ke abhidheya hai, usI prakAra sabake sAtha maitrI aura bandhutA kA bartAva karanA bhI usakA vAcyArtha hai| 'ahiMsA' zabda meM vyApaka artha chipA hai| pRSThabhUmi meM hiMsA kA artha bodha jarUrI hai| hiMsA zabda hananArthaka 'hiMsi' dhAtu se banA hai| hindI koza meM-sva va para ke antaraMga va bAhya prANoM kA hanana karanA hiMsA hai-rAgAdi sva hiMsA hai aura SaTkAyajIvoM ko mAranA yA kaSTa denA para hiMsA hai| para hiMsA bhI sva hiMsA pUrvaka hone ke kAraNa paramArtha se sva hiMsA hI hai|' dIpikAkAra ke anusAra-'asad pravRtti yA asad pravRtti pUrvaka kisI prANI kA prANa-viyojana hiMsA hai|' mahAvIra kI bhASA meM hiMsA kA artha hai-asaMyama evaM prmaad| pramAda kaSAya Adi ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI prANI ke prANoM kA vyaparopaNa karanA hiMsA hai| hiMsA ke sthUla rUpa ko sUkSma prastuti dI gii| 'hiMsA' zabda kevala eka saMketa mAtra hai| isase samasta sAvadha yoga kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| puruSArtha siddhayupAya ke anusAra 'kaSAya yoga athavA pramatta yoga se kiyA gayA dravya-bhAva prANavadha hiMsA hai|' isa kathana kA abhyapagama hai ki hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa kaSAya hai| kaSAya kI tIvratA aura maMdatA ke kAraNa hiMsA kI kriyA meM taratamatA dekhI jAtI hai| etad rUpa kaSAya saMkula jitanI avasthAyeM haiM hiMsA ke utane hI kAraNa haiN| bhAva hiMsA parokSa hai para AtmA ko kaluSita banAne meM isakI ahaM bhUmikA hai| hiMsA ko advaitAnubhUti ke stara para prastuta kiyA- 'AtmA hI hiMsA hai aura vahI ahiMsA hai, aisA jinAgama meM nizcaya kiyA hai| apramatta ko ahiMsaka aura pramatta ko hiMsaka kahate hai|" hiMsA ko samajhane ke lie isake do rUpa mahattvapUrNa haiM-dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiNsaa| prANa vyaparopaNa dravya hiMsA hai aura prANa vyaparopaNa kA mAnasika vicAra bhAva hiMsA hai| hiMsA ko adhika gaharAI se samajhane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne isakA vargIkaraNa cAra rUpoM meM kiyA hai 1. saMkalpI hiMsA-kevala nirdaya pariNAma hI hetu hai jisameM aise saMkalpa pUrvaka kiyA gayA praannghaat| 2. udyogI hiMsA-vyApArAdi kAryoM meM sAvadhAnI baratate hue bhI hone vAlI hiNsaa| 3. AraMbhI hiMsA-gRhasthI ke AraMbhAdi kAryoM meM sAvadhAnI rakhate hue bhI hone vAlI hiNsaa| ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa / 29

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___4. virodhI hiMsA-apane tathA apane parivAra, dharmAyatana, samAja dezAdi para kiye gaye AkramaNa se rakSA ke lie anicchApUrvaka kI gaI hiNsaa| isa catuHrUpa meM hiMsA ke samagra saMdarbho kA saMsparza hai| hiMsA kI vibhinna paribhASAe~, vyAkhyAeM, prakAra ahiMsA ke sUkSma anveSaNa kI pRSThabhUmi meM mahattvapUrNa haiN| AdhAra bhitti ahiMsA ke thAha ko pAne hetu isakI AdhAra bhitti kA anveSaNa atyanta apekSita hai| ahiMsA mAtra kAlpanika hai athavA ise Thosa dharAtala bhI prApta hai? isa jijJAsA ke saMdarbha meM eka nUtana Aloka anubhUti ke stara para khojA jA sakatA hai| virAT svarUpA ahiMsA kA praNayana kisane kiyA? isakA saTIka samAdhAna prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai-'yaha bhagavatI ahiMsA vaha hai jo aparimitaananta kevala jJAna-darzana ko dhAraNa karane vAle, zIlarUpaguNa, vinaya, tapa aura saMyama ke nAyaka tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAle, jagat ke samasta jIvoM ke prati vAtsalya dhAraNa karane vAle, triloka pUjita jinavaroM dvArA apane kevala jJAna-darzana dvArA samyak rUpa meM svarUpa, kAraNa aura kArya ke dRSTikoNa se nizcita kI evaM usakA AcaraNa kiyaa| prakaTa rUpa se jinhoMne ahiMsA kA pratipAdana kiyA una tIrthaMkaroM ne svayaM AcaraNa bhI kiyaa| AcaraNazUnya Alekha (upadeza) araNya pralApavat niSphala hotA hai| AcaraNAtmaka pakSa se paripuSTa ahiMsA kA ullekha-'maiM kahatA hU~-jo arhat atIta meM hue haiM; vartamAna meM haiM aura bhaviSya meM hoMge-ve saba ahiMsA kA ugra nirUpaNa karate haiM, kiyA hai evaM kreNge| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki ahiMsA eka aisA Alokika tattva hai jisakA sabhI arhata samAna rUpa se pravacana aura AcaraNa karate haiN| etad viSayaka ahiMsA kI traikAlikatA aura vijJatA kA nidarzana karAne vAlA hRdayagrAhI tathya AcArAMga sUtra meM upalabdha hai-'yaha ahiMsA dharma jo kahA jA rahA hai, vaha dRSTa, zruta, mata aura vijJAta hai|" isakA saMvAdI sUtra bhI isI meM hai-'yaha ahiMsA dharma zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata hai| AtmajJa arhatoM ne loka (jIva-samUha) ko jAnakara isakA pratipAdana kiyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne AcArAMga bhASya meM likhA-'jo dharma AtmajJa vyaktiyoM dvArA prarUpita hotA hai vaha tAttvika rUpa se eka hotA hai| jo tAttvika rUpa se eka nahIM hotA vaha AtmajJa vyaktiyoM dvArA prarUpita nahIM hotaa|13 yathArthataH ahiMsAmRta vItarAga cetanA se udbhUta tattva ciMtAmaNI hai jisakA divyAloka hara sthiti meM prakAzamAna rahatA hai| ahiMsA kA eka aura AdhArabhUta stambha hai-jijiivissaa| 'jIvana kI AzaMsA jaise mujhameM hai vaise hI dUsaroM meM hai| saba prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai--isa satya ko dekhakara bhaya aura vaira se uparata puruSa prANiyoM ke prANoM kA ghAta na kreN| isa saMdarbha meM tIna mahattvapUrNa tathya ujAgara hote haiM 1. sabhI jIvoM meM apane-apane jIvana kI priyatA hotI hai| 2. bhaya hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| 3. hiMsA se vaira kI paraMparA vRddhiMgata hotI hai| jIvana kI priyatA sabhI prANiyoM meM samAna rUpa se vidyamAna hai phira cAhe vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM kyoM na ho? isa Azaya ko mahattva dete hue nirgrantha ke lie vizeSarUpa se dasaveMAliyam sUtra meM vidhAna kiyA gayA-'saba jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA, isalie nirgrantha prANIvadha kA varjana karate haiN|' prANI jagat kI AzaMsA ke saMrakSaNa kA yaha mahattvapUrNa vidhAna hai jise nirgrantha jIvanaparyaMta vrata svarUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM jaivika AzaMsA ko adhika spaSTatA evaM 30 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vistAra ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA - 'sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI-apanI Ayu priya hai, sukha anukUla hai, duHkha pratikUla hai / vadha sabako apriya hai, jInA sabako priya hai / saba jIva lambe jIne kI kAmanA karate haiN| sabhI ko jIvana priya lagatA hai|"" saMkSepa meM dekheM to jIva jagat kI jijIviSA ko dene vAlA tattva hai -ahiMsA / yathArtha kI bhUmikA para ahiMsA kI AdhAra bhitti ke do mahattvapUrNa stambha haiM - arhat anubhUti se Acarita, udgirita ahiMsA evaM prANImAtra meM pAne vAlA jijIviSAbhAva / AcaraNa pakSa ahiMsAvratI kA prathama saMkalpa samasta hiMsAtmaka kriyAoM ke parityAga kA hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM ullekha hai--'maiM ahiMsA dharma meM dIkSita hokara hiMsA nahIM karU~gA / "" pravrajyA ke samaya muni SaDjIvanikAya ke saMyama hetu samutthita hotA hai, isalie vaha bAra-bAra isa saMkalpa ko doharAtA hai - 'aba maiM muni ho gayA hU~, SaDjIvanikAya ke saMyama ke lie uTha cukA hU~, isalie gRhasthAvasthA meM maiMne jo vanaspatyAdi jIvoM kA AraMbha kiyA hai, use aba nahIM karU~gA / pUrva jIvana kI AlocanA pUrvaka sAdhaka saMyama sAdhanA meM udyata hotA hai / SaDjIvanikAya ke saMyama para bala dene kA Azaya hai ahiMsA ke sUkSma rahasya ko pAnA / SaDjIvanikAya kA ullekha Agamika hai- 'saMsArI jIvoM ke chaha nikAya (samudAya) kahe gaye haiN|" yathA pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya evaM trasa kAya | 1 ahiMsA kI akhaMDa sAdhanA ke lie samarpita vyakti hI karma samAraMbha se dUra rahatA hai- 'medhAvI usa karma samArambha kA viveka kara ina sUkSma jIva-kAyoM ke prati svayaM daMDa kA prayoga na kareM, dUsaroM se na karavAe aura karane vAloM kA anumodana na kre| 18 hiMsA ke lie 'daMDa' zabda kA prayoga isake sUkSmatara aMza kA grAhI hai / bhASyakAra ke abhimata meM - 'muni ahiMsA mahAvrata kI sAdhanA ke lie samarpita hotA hai| usane tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se karma-samAraMbha kA parityAga kiyA hai| aisI sAdhanA ahiMsA ke prati pUrNa samarpita vyakti ke lie hI saMbhava hai, dUsare ke lie nahIM / " tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga kA artha hai, vaha mana se vacana evaM kAyA se na svayaM karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, na hI karane vAle kI hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai / muni ahiMsA kA paryAya hai / samaNasuttaM ke anusAra - 'jo jJAnI karma kSaya ke lie udyata huA hai, hiMsA ke lie nahIM; vaha nizchalabhAva se ahiMsA ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai / vaha apramatta muni ahiMsaka hotA hai|'2" ahiMsA pradhAna jIvana zailI ke AdhAra para samaNa kA niryukta kiyA gayA - 'jo svayaM na hanana karatA hai, na karavAtA hai aura na karane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha samaNa hotA hai / " apane ina guNoM ke kAraNa hI samaNa ko SaDjIvanikAya kA pIhara kahA gayA hai kyoMki usase samasta prANiyoM ko abhayadAna milatA hai / bhASya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA / 'AtmaramaNa kA pahalA lakSaNa hai- ahiMsA / vaha mahAn ahiMsaka vyakti AtmA meM ramaNa karatA huA kisI bhI prANI kI na svayaM hiMsA karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karAtA hai aura na hiMsA karane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai| 22 ahiMsA kA marmajJa kauna ? - ' jo bandha se mukta hone kI khoja karatA hai vaha medhAvI ahiMsA ke marma ko jAna letA hai / 23 ahiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa ko jAnane vAlA hI usakI akhaMDa ArAdhanA kA adhikArI bana sakatA hai| hetu, tarka aura tathyoM ke AdhAra para samagrarUpa se ahiMsA ko jAnane vAlA hI usakA ThIka-ThIka pAlana karane meM saphala ho sakatA hai| ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa / 31

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Agama ke Aloka meM Agama sAkSAt draSTA kI satyAnubhUti kA Aloka hai| AgamoM kA mAhAtmya asIma hai| vaidika paraMparA meM jo sthAna vedoM kA, bauddha paraMparA meM jo sthAna tripiTaka kA, IsAI mata meM jo sthAna bAibila kA aura islAma meM jo sthAna kurAna kA hai vahI sthAna jaina paraMparA meM AgamoM kA hai| inameM ahiMsA kA pratipAdana AtmAnubhUti ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ke virATa rUvarUpa ko prakaTa karane vAlI anekazaH paribhASAeM AgamoM meM aMkita hai| unameM ahiMsA kA vividhonmukhI svarUpa prakaTa huA hai| saMyama, samatA, AtmatulA, mokSavyApti, aNuvrata, mahAvrata, Adarza samAja-vyavasthA ke sUtra inameM pramukha haiN| prastuta saMdarbha meM katipaya paribhASAoM kA manana abhISTa hai| sabhI jIvoM ke prati saMyamapUrNa jIvana-vyavahAra hI ahiMsA hai| yaha ahiMsA ke ucca svarUpa kA nidarzana hai| isameM sAmAnya rUpa se uThAI jAne vAlI Apatti-'jaina loga jitanA prANI ko na mArane para bala dete haiM utanA mAnasika hiMsA yA ahiMsA para nahIM dete' kA nirasana huA hai| isakA spaSTa Azaya hai-vItarAga vANI meM hiMsA kA artha hai-asaMyama, ahiMsA kA artha hai-sNym| hiMsA kA artha hai-pramAda, ahiMsA kA artha hai-aprmaad| saMyama hI ahiMsA hai, apramAda hI ahiMsA hai| isa vivecana meM mAnasika ahiMsA va hiMsA kA samAveza spaSTa hai| saMyama kA artha hai-nigraha krnaa| aThAraha pApoM kA nigraha, prtyaakhyaan| isa paribhASA meM ahiMsA kA mUla hRdaya samAviSTa hai| sthUla dRSTi vyakti sUkSmatA ko kama pakar3a pAtA hai| isalie ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA-kisI ko mAro mt| mata mAro-yaha kahakara manuSya ke mana meM karuNA kA bhAva paidA kiyA gayA, anukaMpA paidA kI gii| jaba karuNA kA vikAsa hotA hai taba vaha na mArane taka hI sImita nahIM rahatA, usameM prema kA bhAva bhI bar3hatA hai| jisa vyakti meM prema aura maitrI kA bhAva vikasita hai, vaha prANImAtra ke lie maitrI kA vikAsa karegA-yahI saMyama kI phalazruti hai| 'prANAtipAta virati hI ahiMsA hai|' prANImAtra kI hiMsA na karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpI hI ahiMsA mahAvratI hotA hai, jIvamAtra kA rakSaka hotA hai| usakI sarva prANAtipAta virati kI pratijJA isakA puSTa pramANa hai| zAstrakAroM ne sthAna-sthAna para muni ko SaDjIvanikAya kA saMrakSaka kahA hai| usakA prayojana-'savvajaggajIvarakkhaNadayaThayArA pAvAyaNa bhagavayA sukahia' bhI caritArtha hotA hai jo ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kI pravRtti karane ke lie kiyaa| ahiMsA meM saba jIvoM kI rakSA yA dayA apane-Apa samAviSTa hai| jo apane lie ahiMsaka yAnI pUrNa AtmasaMyamI hai, vahI dUsaroM ke lie rakSA yA dayA hai| mahAvIra ne pravacana ke vistAra meM ahiMsA kA aneka rUpoM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma mImAMsA-'mana, vacana aura kAyA-inameM se kisI eka ke dvArA bhI kisI prakAra ke bhI jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho-aisA vyavahAra hI saMyama jIvana hai| isa jIvana kA niraMtara dhAraNa hI ahiMsA hai|25 ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI ucca sthiti meM isakA pUrNa pAlana saMbhava hotA hai| apramatta muni hI isa koTi kI ahiMsA sAdha sakatA hai| ahiMsA aNuvrata ko paribhASita kiyA-mana, vacana aura kAya se tathA kRtakArita aura anumodana se trasa jIvoM kI sAMkalpika hiMsA kA parityAga karane ko ahiMsA aNuvrata kahate haiN| zrAvaka ahiMsA kI isa koTi kA sAdhanA karatA hai| use lakSita karake ahiMsA aNuvrata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| bhAvanAtmaka stara para rAgAdi bhAvoM kI anubhUti yA anutpatti ko ahiMsA kahate haiN| isameM 32 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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hiMsA ke mUla bIja rAgAdi bhAvoM kA citraNa hai, vaha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki jaba taka bhAvanAtmaka stara para rAga-dveSa kA astitva vidyamAna rahegA taba taka ahiMsA kI ucca sthiti kA vikAsa saMbhava nahIM hogaa| ahiMsA kA zAzvata siddhAMta hai-rAga-dveSa-mukta kSaNa meM jiinaa| 'zatru athavA mitra sabhI prANiyoM para samabhAva kI dRSTi rakhanA hI ahiMsA hai|'27 isa kathana meM maitrI kA saMdeza dhvanita hai| ise vidheyAtmaka ahiMsA kA svarUpa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki ahiMsA meM maitrI hai, sadbhAvanA hai, sauhArda hai, ekatA hai| isakA saMvAdI kathana hai- 'mettiM bhUesu kappae' / prANI mAtra ke prati maitrI kA bartAva kro| isameM saha-astitva kA siddhAMta samAyA huA hai| saha-astitva kA bhAva vizva-zAMti kI samasyA kA bahuta bar3A samAdhAna hai| saha-astitva kA siddhAMta ahiMsA kA prANabhUta tattva hai| kathana meM atiraMjanA na hogI ki saha-astitva ke binA ahiMsA saphala nahIM, ahiMsA ke binA saha-astitva saphala nhiiN| donoM ko bAMTA nahIM jA sktaa| jaivika, vaiyaktika, sAmAjika pariveza ko ApyAyita karane vAlI mahattvapUrNa ahiMsA kI paribhASA AcArAMga sUtra meM milatI hai-'saba prANiyoM ko mata mAro, una para anuzAsana mata karo, unakA parigraha (mamakAra) mata karo, unako paritApita mata karo, unakA prANa viyojana mata karo, yaha (ahiMsA) dharma dhruva, nitya aura zAzvata hai| isa saMdarbha meM jIvavAcI cAra zabdoM-prANa, bhUta, jIva aura sattva kA saMjJAna mahattvapUrNa hai| AcArAMga bhASya ke anusAra prANa-jo Ana, apAna, ucchvAsa aura niHzvAsa se yukta haiM-ve prANa kahalAte haiN| bhUta-jo the, haiM aura raheMge-ve bhUta kahalAte haiN| jIva-jisase jIva jItA hai, jo jIvatva aura AyuSya karma kA upajIvI hai-vaha jIva hai| sattva-jisameM zubha-azubha karmoM kI sattA hai-vaha sattva hai| prastuta ahiMsA sUtra meM pA~ca Adeza haiM 1. unakA hanana nahIM karanA cAhie-daMDa, cAbuka Adi sAdhanoM se| 2. unakA hanana nahIM karanA cAhie tathA una para zAsana nahIM karanA cAhie-bala pUrvaka Adeza dekr| 3. unakA parigraha nahIM karanA cAhie ye mere bhRtya, dAsa-dAsI haiM-isa prakAra mamakAra ke dvaaraa| 4. unheM paritApa nahIM denA cAhie-zArIrika aura mAnasika pIr3A utpanna kr| 5. unakA udravaNa nahIM karanA cAhie-prANa viyojana ke dvaaraa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne Azaya spaSTa kiyA-bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha saMdeza hai ki kisI ko mata mAro, mata satAo, pIr3A mata do, dAsa-dAsI banA hukUmata mata karo, balAt kisI ko apane adhIna mata kro| jo apanI vedanA ko samajhatA hai, vahI dUsaroM kI vedanA ko samajhatA hai| jo vyakti dharma, artha aura kAma ke lie janma mRtyu se mukta hone ke lie mAna, pratiSThA aura bar3appana ke lie dUsare jIvoM ko mArate haiM, vaha unake hita ke lie nahIM hotaa| hiMsA kAyaratA hai| jo sattvahIna hotA hai, vahI dUsaroM ko mAratA hai| ahiMsA vIra dharma hai| bhagavat vANI meM ahiMsA aneka rUpoM meM prakaTa huI-'prANImAtra ko duHkha na denA, zoka utpanna na karanA, na rulAnA, na azrupAta karanA, na una jagajjIvoM ko tAr3ana-tarjana denaa|'' isameM jagajjIva zabda vizeSa rUpa se mananIya hai| isakA Azaya sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke mokSa mArga meM adhika spaSTa huA ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa / 33

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hai - 'pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura trasakAya - ye SaTkAyika jIva saMsAra meM haiN| inake atirikta koI jIva nikAya nahIM hai / buddhimAna puruSa ina SaTkAyika jIvoM meM 'sabako duHkha apriya hai' - aisA samyak prakAra se samajhakara, sabake prati ahiMsA kreN| Urdhva, adho aura tiryak dizA meM jo bhI trasa aura sthAvara prANI haiM, unakI hiMsA se nivRtti ko hI nirvANa kahA gayA hai| ahiMsA kI itanI sUkSma pratipatti vItarAga vANI meM hI saMbhava hai / sthUla dRSTivAna ko jagajjIvoM ke astitva ko bhI svIkArane meM kaThinAI hotI hai phira inake prati ahiMsA kA to prazna hI paidA nahIM hotaa| ahiMsA kA ucca Adarza evaM isakI pUrNatA ko prakaTa karane vAlA svara 'AtmatulA' ke rUpa meM mukharita hai - 'prANImAtra ko Atma-tulya smjho|' vizeSa kathana- 'chaha jIva nikAya ko apanI AtmA ke samAna smjho| evaM tulamannesiM' Adi sUkta prANImAtra ke sAtha samatA kA anveSaNa karane kI preraNA dete haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI se isa prakAra samatA kA svara nikalA / Atmaupamya cetanA kA anubhava ekAtmavAda kA phalita hai / prazna ho sakatA hai - aikyabuddhi- abhedabuddhi meM kaisI ahiMsA ? pratiprazna uThatA hai-Atmaikya ke binA kaisI ahiMsA? ahiMsA yA dayA AtmaniSTha hai, AtmaguNa hai / vaha AtmA se upajatI hai, samAnatA kI bhAvanA se puSTa hotI hai| tAtparya kI bhASA meM ahiMsA kA artha hai - apanA bacAva / usameM dUsaroM kI rakSA yA dayA, jo bhI kaheM- apane-Apa ho jAtA hai I AtmAnubhUti ke Aloka meM ahiMsA kA siddhAMta hai - jo tuma svayaM nahIM cAhate, dUsaroM ke lie bhI vaisA mata kro| tumheM sukha priya hai aura duHkha apriya to dUsaroM ko bhI tuma duHkha mata do, kaSTa mata do, mata satAo / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM isakI spaSTa abhivyakti hai - jaise mere lie yaha apriya hotA hai, (yadi ) - DaMDe, haDDI, muTThI, Dhele yA khappara se mujhe koI pITe-mAre, tarjanA aura tAr3anA de, paritapta aura klAMta kare, prANa se viyojita kare aura yahAM taka ki roma ukhAr3ane mAtra se bhI hiMsA-kAraka duHkha aura bhaya kA pratisaMvedana karatA hUM - aisA tuma jAno / isI taraha kisI anya ke prANa, bhUta, jIva aura sattva ko DaMDe se, asthi se, muTThI se, Dhele se yA khappara se koI pITe-mAre, tarjanA aura tAr3anA de, paritapta aura klAMta kare, prANa se viyojita kare taba yahAM taka ki roma ukhAr3ane mAtra se bhI hiMsAkAraka duHkha aura bhaya kA pratisaMvedana karate haiM / (AtmatulA se) aisA jAnakara kisI bhI prANa, bhUta, jIva aura sattva ko na mAre, na adhIna banAe, na dAsa banAe, na paritApa de aura na prANa se viyojita kre| yaha dharma dhruva, nitya aura zAzvata hai| isakA vyApaka dRSTikoNa dhvanita hotA hai - pratyeka AtmA samAna hai| jaise mujhe sukha priya aura duHkha apriya hai vaise hI eka choTe se paudhe ko bhI duHkhAnubhUti hotI hai| AcArAMga sUtra kA saMdeza hai - ' matimAn puruSa jIvoM ke astitva kA mananakara- saba jIva abhaya cAhate haiM, isa AtmatulA ko samajhakara - kisI kI bhI hiMsA nahIM karatA / " AtmatulA kI anubhUti se bhAvita sAdhu pUrNa ahiMsaka jIvana jIne ke saMkalpa se chaha jIvanikAya kI hiMsA kA parityAga karatA hai / jaba AtmatulA kA vikAsa huA taba yahI AtmatulA advaita ke svara meM mukharita huI / ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM advaita kI prastuti hai / 'jise tU hanana yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / jise tU AjJA meM rakhane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai, jise tU paritApa dene yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / jise tU dAsa banAne yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / jise tU mArane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| isake Azaya ko mahAprajJa ne bhASya meM spaSTa kiyA - jise tU hanana yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / isa vAkya 34 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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meM Atma kA advaita pratipAdita hai| jisako tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tere se bhinna nahIM hai| kyA tU usakI ghAta karatA huA svayaM kI ghAta nahIM kara rahA hai? isa advaita kI anubhUti se hiMsA se sahaja virati ho jAtI hai| jahA~ dvaita kI yA para kI anubhUti hotI hai, vahAM hanana Adi kA prasaMga AtA hai| isalie yahA~ AtmA ke advaita svarUpa kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| prakaTa rUpa se AcArAMga advaita ke nirvacana kA graMtha hai| isameM kevala itanA hI nahIM batAyA gayA-kisI jIva ko mata mAro, kiMtu yaha nirdeza bhI diyA gayA ki pratyeka prANI ke sAtha advaita sthApita kro| pratyeka prANI ke sAtha advaita kI anubhUti ahiMsA kA mahAn prayoga hai| jaba taka yaha anubhUti jAgRta nahIM hotI taba taka koI pUrNa ahiMsaka bana nahIM sktaa| jaba taka pratyeka prANI ke sAtha ekAtmakatA kI anubhUti nahIM jAgatI taba taka hiMsA kA saMskAra TUTatA nahIM hai| advaitAnubhUti ke stara para hiMsA-virati kA bhAva puSTa banatA hai| isa kathana ko sthApita karane vAlI vItarAga vANI 'saba AtmAeM samAna haiM'-yaha jAnakara puruSa samUce jIvaloka kI hiMsA se uparata ho jaae| isa sUtrAtmaka kathana ko bhASyakAra ne gaharAI meM nimajjana karake vyAkhyAyita kiyaa| 'loka' kA artha hai-jIva samUha / 'sabhI prANiyoM kI AtmA samAna hai' yaha jAnakara muni hiMsA se uparata ho jAtA hai| jina-jina hetuoM se jIvoM kA vadha hotA hai, ve sAre hetu zastra kahalAte haiM / ahiMsaka aura aparigrahI vyakti sabhI zastroM se uparata hotA hai| yahAM ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM samatA kA artha hai-AtmatulA, sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna samajhanA aura aparigraha ke saMdarbha meM samatA kA artha hai-lAbha, alAbha Adi dvaMdvoM meM samabhAva rkhnaa|" hiMsA virata muni kA mahattvapUrNa vizeSaNa daNDa-bhIru (hiMsAbhIru) bhI milatA hai| jisakA spaSTa Azaya hai ki karma-samAraMmbha kA viveka kara muni sarva hiMsA se uparata bneN| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hiMsA-ahiMsA kI jo prastuti vistRta rUpa se huI vaisI anyatra durlabha hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA meM jAnane hetu hiMsA ke viSaya meM prakAza DAlA gayA- 'prANavadha rUpa hiMsA ke vividha AyAmoM ke pratipAdaka guNavAcaka yathA-prANavadha, avizvAsa, hiMsya-vihiMsA, akRtya, ghAta, mAraNa, vadhanA, upadrava, atipAtanA.....guNoM kI virAdhanA ityAdi tIsa nAma hiMsA ke haiN| isa varNana meM hiMsA kA sUkSma svarUpa jJAtavya hai| adhikAMzatayA hiMsA ko mAtra prANavadha kI dRSTi se hI dekhA jAtA haiN| sthUla dRSTi vAloM ke lie isakA atisUkSma rUpa-avizvAsa, akRtya, upadrava bhI hiMsA hai, vAstava meM mananIya hai| hiMsA ke sakSma ullekha ke sAtha ahiMsA ko adhika vistAra pUrvaka prastati dii| paMca saMvara dvAra meM prathama ahiMsA hai| prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM ahiMsA ke sATha nAmoM kA ullekha hai|* guNaniSpanna sATha nAmoM ke atirikta anya nAma bhI haiN| jinheM cAra zreNiyoM meM rakha sakate haiM:. mumukSu ke sAtvika bhAvoM kI paricAyaka, yathA-nirmANa, nivRtti, samAdhi, tRpti, kSAnti, boddhi, dhRti, vizuddhi aadi| . saMpUrNa prANI jagat ke prati dayA-karuNA se bhAvita, parapIr3A janaka kArya se dUra, yatanAcAra samiti kI koTi meM gRhita, yathA-dayA, rakSA, samiti, amAghAta aadi| . ahiMsA kI pavitratA ke prakAzaka ye nAma-kIrti, krAnti, rati, cokSA, pavitrA, zuci, pUtA aadi| * pariziSTa : / ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa | 35

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ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA ke phala ko darzAne vAle ye nAma - nandA, bhadrA, kalyANa, maMgala, pramoda, nirvANa Adi haiN| 38 ahiMsA ko saMkIrNa artha meM grahaNa karane vAloM ke lie prazna- vyAkaraNa sUtra meM varNita ahiMsA ke sATha nAmoM kA manana mahattvapUrNa hai| ina nAmoM ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ke virAT svarUpa kI parikalpanA svataH sphUrta hotI hai / Agamokta paribhASAoM ke Aloka meM ahiMsA kA bahuAyAmI svarUpa prakaTa huA vahIM ciMtana ke katipaya maulika biMdu bhI ujAgara hue haiM ahiMsA kA mukhya AdhAra hai samatA - saba jIvoM ke prati samatA kI anubhUti / sabhI jIva- zarIra, jAti, varNa Adi nAnAtva meM vibhakta haiM / vibhakta meM avibhakta ko khojanA ahiMsA kA mukhya AdhAra / samatAvAdI dRSTi kA vikAsa hue binA yaha khoja saMbhava nahIM / zakti-saMtulana ke binA ahiMsA kA vikAsa saMbhava nahIM - eka vyakti yA varga zakti kA pradarzana kara dUsare vyakti yA varga ko adhIna rakhanA cAhatA hai / adhInIkRta vyakti yA varga ke mana meM isa hiMsA kI pratikriyA hotI hai| isa asaMtulita zakti ke kAraNa hiMsA kI Aga bhabhaka uThatI hai| anubhUti kekSaNa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA thA- 'na ajjhave yavvA' - kisI bhI manuSya para hukUmata mata karo, use apane adhIna banAkara mata rkho| yaha ahiMsA kA mUlamaMtra hai| isakI vedI para hI ahiMsA kI pratimA pratiSThita ho sakatI hai| virAT prema hI ahiMsA hai, jisakI gaharAI sarvabhUta sAmya kI bhAvanA se utpanna hotI hai aura Atmaupamya kI sImA meM phira vilIna ho jAtI hai / Atmaupamya zabda ke prayoga ahiMsA ke maulika svarUpa evaM aucitya ko aura adhika spaSTatA milatI hai / AgamoM meM varNita ahiMsA ke vimarza se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahA~ ahiMsA mokSa pradAyinI siddha hai, vahIM svastha samAja vyavasthA ke sUtra bhI usameM nibaddha haiN| ahiMsA ko mAtra niSedhAtmaka vRtti samajhanA bar3I bhUla hogI / yaha jitanI nivRttimUlaka pratIta hotI hai usase adhika isakA svarUpa vidheyAtmaka hai 1 jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki ahiMsA kI AdhAra bhitti, AgamoM meM ahiMsA evaM ahiMsA kA AcaraNa pakSa tInoM kA vimarza bhinna kyoM rakhA gayA ? ahiMsA saMbaMdhI adhyayana se anubhava huA ki isa viSaya para vidvAnoM kI lekhanI udAratA se calI / ahiMsA ke pakSoM kA mizraNa isa kadara hotA gayA ki vartamAna meM ina tInoM ko vibheda pUrvaka samajhanA kaThina ho gayA / prastuta bheda saMdarbha meM inakI bheda-rekhA khojane kA sArthaka prayatna kiyA gayA hai| vedoM meM ahiMsA vaidika saMskRti kA AdhAra stUpa veda haiN| vedokta jJAna nitya va IzvarIya preraNA se prerita jJAnI puruSoM dvArA praNIta kahA gayA hai / Atmadarzana kI bhUmikA se niSpanna jJAna saMpUrNa sRSTi ke kalyANa evaM sukha kI bhAvanA se AplAvita hai / veda vihita niyama svAbhAvika aura prAkRtika kahalAne se samAdaraNIya haiN| vedoM kA viSaya sRSTi - vijJAna yA sRSTi vidyA hai| ahiMsA ke viSaya meM veda mukharita haiM yA mauna ? isa saMdarbha meM kaI mahattvapUrNa tathya ujAgara hote haiM / prANI jagat kI jijIviSA kA utsUtra Rgveda ke tRtIya khaNDa meM upalabdha hai - 'pazyema zaradaH zataM 36 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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jIvema zaradaH shtm|'' isakA saMvAdI kathana yajurveda meM-'isa loka meM karma karate hue sau varSa taka jIvita rahane kI kAmanA kr| isa prakAra niSkAma karma karane se tU karmoM se lipta nahIM hogaa| mukti ke lie isase anya koI bhI mArga nahIM hai|'40 suspaSTa hai jijIviSA ke sAtha niSkAma karma hI mukti kA pramukha hetu mAnA gayA hai| vedoM meM pazubali ke rUpa meM hiMsA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai aisI sAmAnya dhAraNA hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa hai-'aneka loga vedoM meM pazuhiMsA hone kA AkSepa karate haiN| kucha bhASyakAroM ne vaidika sUktoM kA artha karate hue, pazuoM ke mAMsa Adi se Ahuti dene kI bAta likhI hai| mUla saMhitAoM ke manana para jJAta hotA hai ki vedoM ne to hiMsA ke bajAya ahiMsA kA hI upadeza diyA hai aura asahAya prANiyoM , pazuoM kI rakSA ko parama dharma mAnA hai| isakA saMvAdI mantavya hai- 'pazuoM kI rakSA karo, gAya ko mata mAro, bakarI ko mata mAro, do paira vAle (manuSya pazu Adi) ko mata mAro, eka khura vAle pazuoM (ghor3A, gadhA Adi) ko mata mAro, kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA mata kro|' spaSTatayA hiMsA kI pravRtti baDhI taba hiMsA na karane para bala diyA gyaa| kArya kAraNa kI apekSA se dekheM to ahiMsA aura ahiMsaka eka hI hai| isa dRSTi se ahiMsaka mitra kA ullekha 'ahiMsA' kI apekSA se mananIya hai| spaSTa ullekha hai-'hama abhI cleN| mitra dvArA dikhAe gae mArga para hama cleN| ahiMsaka mitra kA zreSTha kalyANa hamako ghara meM prApta ho|' ahiMsaka mitra se abhiprAya ahiMsAtmaka AcaraNa se hai yA vyakti vizeSa se, ciMtana kA viSaya hai| para itanA to spaSTa hai ahiMsA zabda Rgveda kA viSaya banA hai| isakA vikAsAtmaka svarUpa bhI vidyamAna hai-'jo Atma jJAnI saba prANiyoM ko AtmA meM hI dekhatA hai, tathA saba prANiyoM meM hI svayaM ko dekhatA hai, vaha saMdigdhAvasthA meM nahIM pdd'taa|' isa AtmAnubhUti ke bhAva se jAhira hotA hai ki caitanya kI samAna anubhUti vAle vyakti ke lie moha-zoka kA avakAza hI nahIM rhtaa| isa tathya ko vyakta karane vAlA kathana yajurveda meM milatA hai-'jaba AtmajJAnI saba prANiyoM ko eka hI jAna letA hai, taba usa ekAtmaka bhAva ke dRSTA ko moha aura zoka kyA hai? arthAt kucha bhI nhiiN|' ekAtmabhAva kI anabhUti kA artha hai-ahiMsA kA sAtmIkaraNa honA, ahiMsAmaya bana jaanaa| nizcita rUpa se pUrNa ahiMsaka cetanA meM moha-zoka jaise vikAra bhAva samApta ho jAte haiN| __ vedoM meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa zAMti sUktoM meM dekha sakate haiN| Rgveda meM sthAna-sthAna para prAkRtika tattvoM kI zAMti hetu aneka sUktoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| atharvaveda meM agni, vAyu, sUrya, candramA Adi ko maMtrocAra parvaka kArya siddhi ke lie AhvAna kiyA gayA hai| jAhira hai unameM caitanya kI svIkRti ke sAtha maitrI bhAva bhI sAdhA jo ahiMsA kA hI paryAya hai| isI meM (atharvaveda) vibhinna prakRti ke aMgoM se rakSA kI prArthanA sUkta baddha zailI meM kI hai| ___ vedoM meM jahA~ pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, sUrya, candra ko pUjyA bhAva se dekhA va arcA kI vahIM sRSTi ke prANiyoM ko prema pUrvaka sAtha rahane kI preraNA dii| aisA ahiMsA ke vikAsa binA asaMbhava hai| paraspara prema bhAva kA vikAsa hogA to ahiMsA ko phalane-phUlane kA avasara milegaa| premapUrvaka sAtha meM rahane kI preraNA dI-'saba manuSya bhalI prakAra milakara raheM, prema pUrvaka Apasa meM vArtAlApa kareM, saba ke manoM meM eka bhAva ho|' 45 Rgveda kI isa RcA meM ahiMsA ke viSaya kA jo avyakta bodha karavAyA, mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM svastha samAja racanA ke mUlabhUta tathyoM kA citraNa hai| vizeSa rUpa se samanvaya sUtra banA-saba loga ekamata hoM, pratikUla bAteM karane vAle bhI paraspara anukUla hoN| apane ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa / 37

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parAye kA bhAva chor3akara sabhI satkarma eka sAtha kreN| yaha saha vikAsa kI bhAvanA ahiMsA ke vikAsAtmaka svarUpa ko prakaTa karatI hai| vedoM meM vihita aneka sUkta evaM AkhyAna paraspara sauhArda bhAva vikasita karane kI preraNA dete haiN| prAkRtika tattvoM ko anukUla pravRtti ke lie AhvAna karate haiN| cara-acara devoM kI pUjA-arcA kara unase sahayoga kI kAmanA karate haiN| ye sabhI prANI jagat kI sukha-zAMti hetu kiye gaye prayatna sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para ahiMsA bhAvanA se anusyUta pratIta hote haiN| jijJAsu ke lie vedoM meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa sUtra anveSaNIya hai| upaniSad meM ahiMsA upaniSad RSi-maharSiyoM kI anubhava cetanA kA jJAna koza hai| isameM adhyAtma vikAsa ke aneka bIjamaMtra aMkita haiN| vividha maMtroM ke prayoga ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ko vikasita karane meM sakSama haiN| ahiMsA kA sUkSma arthabodha isa kathana meM khojA jA sakatA hai- 'jo samasta bhUtoM ko Atmatulya samajhatA hai aura sabhI bhUtoM meM svayaM ko dekhatA hai vaha kisI se ghRNA nahIM krtaa|46 yaha ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA mahattvapUrNa AlaMbana sUtra hai| samasta bhUta jagat ko AtmAnubhUti ke Aloka meM dekhane vAlA unake prati naisargika rUpa se ahiMsaka bana jAtA hai| jaba vyakti eka se rAga aura dUsare se dveSa rakhatA hai taba hiMsA kA bhAva paidA hotA hai| hiMsA ke bhAva paidA na hoM isa hetu samAnAnubhUti kA siddhAMta sazakta upAya hai| kathana meM sUkSma ahiMsA kA bhAva prakaTa huA hai kyoMki yahAM mAtra manuSya loka kI hI nahIM saMpUrNa jIvaloka kI carcA kI gayI hai| jAbAladarzanopaniSad meM ahiMsA kA grahaNa 'yama' meM kiyA gayA hai-'yama ke daza bhedoM meM prathama sthAna ahiMsA kA hai|' ahiMsA ko 'yama' meM pramukha sthAna dene kA artha hai isakI udagra sAdhanA kA sviikrnn| vizeSa rUpa se isI upaniSad meM zreSTha buddhi ko zreSTha ahiMsA batalAte hue kahA-'he mune! yaha bhAva rakhanA cAhie ki Atma tattva sarvatra vyApta hai, zastra Adi ke dvArA vaha naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| hAthoM yA anya indriyoM ke dvArA bhI AtmA kA grahaNa honA asaMbhava hI hai| ataH isa taraha se jo zreSTha buddhi hai, use hI vedAMta ke marmajJa vidvAnoM ne zreSTha ahiMsA kahA hai| isameM AtmA kI sarvavyApakatA evaM amaratA kA bodha karavAne vAlI buddhi ko zreSTha ahiMsA kahA hai| nArada parivrAjakopaniSad meM 'parivrAjakoM (saMnyAsiyoM) ke lie zreSTha dharma ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ko svIkArA hai|'48 ahiMsA apane Apa meM zreSTha hai phira cAhe usakA Asevana koI bhI kyoM na kre| ise aneka saMdarbho meM prastuti milI-'niyamoM ke aMtargata ahiMsA pradhAna hai|' traya guNoM kI carcA meM sattvaguNa zreSThatA kA pratIka hai| sAtvika guNoM ke saMcAra meM ahiMsA kI bhUmikA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA-'ahiMsA ko sattobhAvavRddhi ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai|' vedoM meM dayA kA jo svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai use ahiMsA kA hI vikAsAtmaka rUpa kaha sakate haiM-'samasta bhUtaprANiyoM ko apanI hI bhAMti jAnakara unake prati mana, vacana evaM zarIra dvArA AtmIyatA kA anubhava karanA (arthAt apanI hI taraha unake duHkhoM ko dUra karane tathA adhika se adhika sukha pahuMcAne kA prayAsa karanA) hI vedavettA vidvajjanoM ke dvArA 'dayA' batAI gayI hai|'+9 dayA ahiMsA kA hI paryAya hai| prANImAtra meM ekatva kA anubhava karane vAle kA caitasika bhAva bhinna hotA hai,-'jo sabhI bhUtoM ko Atmavat jAnatA hai use kaisA moha, kaisA zoka?' bheda buddhi ke calate, apane-parAye bhAva ke kAraNa 38 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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hI mamatva aura zoka ke vicAra paidA hote haiN| rAga-dveSa bhAvanAtmaka baMdhana haiN| ye baMdhana kaba TUTate haiM? isakA samAdhAna ahiMsA darzana ko dhvanita karatA hai| 'hRdaya kI saba gAMThe (bhAva baMdhana) TUTa jAtI haiM; mastiSka meM saba saMzaya chinna-bhinna ho jAte haiM, manuSya jina nAnA karmoM meM vyAkulatA se bhAgA phiratA hai ve chUTa jAte haiM, jaba usakA para aura apara ora-chora dikha jAtA hai| jisa kSaNa rAgadveSa kI sUkSma UrmiyoM kA sAkSAtkAra va kSayikaraNa ho jAyegA usa dina samatva ke zikhara para ArUr3ha cetanA AtmasvarUpAvasthA ko prApta kara, samasta janma-maraNa kI paraMparA se mukta ho jaayegii| samatA rUpI ahiMsA kI isa sarvocca bhUmikA para hI paramAtma-sAkSAtkAra ghaTita hogaa| prakRti para AdhArita 'brahmacakra' kI parikalpanA upaniSad kI svopajJa soca hai| isake prArUpa meM ahiMsA tattva bhI vidyamAna hai| 'brahmacakra ke pacAsa Are haiM-pA~ca viparyaya, aTThAIsa AzaktiyAM, nau tuSTi tathA ATha siddhiyaaN|' 'tuSTi' ke nau bhedoM meM ahiMsA eka hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki upaniSad bhI ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM tatpara rahe haiN| ahiMsA ke vividhonmukhI svarUpa kA vimarza upaniSad meM aMkita haiN| isakA saMbaMdha aparigraha se bhI hai| parigraha kI pakar3a jahA~ saghana hotI hai vahA~ ahiMsA vikasita nahIM ho paatii| ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM IzAvAsyopaniSat ke Adi zloka meM tyAga-pUrvaka bhoga kI preraNA ke sAtha dUsare ke dhana kI AkAMkSA na karane kI bAta kahI- 'jagat pravAha-mAtra hai, pravAha ke atirikta yaha kucha nahIM, yaha saMpUrNa pravAha para-brahma se anuprANita hai| padArtha kA bhoga tyAga pUrvaka (anAsakti) kreN|'52 arthAt saMgraha vRtti na ho, vastu ke upabhoga meM kevala AvazyakatA pUrti kA dRSTikoNa rahe, mUrchA kA bhAva, padArtha pratibaddhatA na ho| ___ ahiMsA kA ullekha chAndogya upaniSad meM upalabdha hai| AtmajJAna prApti ke prasaMga meM ahiMsA ko isakI dakSiNA kahA gayA hai| ___ ahiMsAtmaka bhAvanA ke vikAsa kA sUtra kaThopaniSat ke zAMtipATha meM khojA jA sakatA hai| IrSyA-DAha-kleza se dUra rahakara pArasparika saMbaMdhoM ko premapUrNa banAye rakhane kI guru-ziSya AzaMsA AdaraNIya hai| paraspara meM snehasikta maMgala kAmanA kA svara eka sAtha mukharita huA-'donoM kI sAthasAtha saba prakAra se rakSA kre| sAtha-sAtha samucita rUpa se pAlana-poSaNa kreN| sAtha-sAtha saba prakAra se bala prApta kreN| hama donoM kI adhyayana kI huI vidyA tejapUrNa ho| hamAre aMdara paraspara kabhI dveSa na ho|'3 isameM ahiMsA kI akhaMDa sAdhanA kA svara mukharita hai| guru-ziSya kA sahaprArthanA svara vyaktivAdI, svArthapUrNa manovRtti ke lie preraNA-pAtheya hai| isa zAMtipATha kA abhidheya hai-sauhArdapUrNa pArasparika saMbaMdhoM kA vikaas| ahiMsA ke binA aisA kadApi saMbhava nahIM bana sktaa| ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI ucca bhUmikA para hI zAMtipATha ke caritArtha hone kI saMkalpanA sAkAra ho sakatI hai| vedoM aura upaniSadoM ke aneka sUkta, zloka samAna bhAva-bhASA meM aMkita hai| upaniSadoM meM ullekhita ahiMsA saMbaMdhI katipaya tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha jAhira hai ki upaniSad ahiMsA vikAsa kI eka mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai| rAmAyaNa meM ahiMsA bhAratIya saMskRti kA Adarza dastAvez2a zrIrAma carit mAnasa banAma 'rAmAyaNa' mahAgraMtha hai| isake Aloka meM zraddhA, samarpaNa, anuzAsana aura tyAga-vairAgya kI zikSA milatI hai| tulasIdAsajI kI praur3ha racanAoM ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa / 39

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zrIrAmacarita mAnasa kA sthAna sarvopari hai| zraddhA-bhakti aura bhAvanAoM kA sajIva citraNa isa racanA meM durlabha saMyoga hai| citrakUTa vana bhramaNa meM svapna evaM jhA~kI ko AkAra dene kA durUha kArya rAmakRpA se tulasIdAsajI ne saMpanna kiyaa| tulasIdAsajI ne manuSyoM kA carita na likhane kA apanA praNa bakhUbI nibhaayaa| rAmacarita mAnasa graMtharatna kA pArAyaNa 'ahiMsA' ke Aloka meM kiyA gayA to TIkA sahita aSTa kANDoM meM 'ahiMsA' zabda kA prayoga alabhya rhaa| saMbhava hai racayitA ne isameM ahiMsA kA zAbdika prayoga na karake arthAtmA ko mahattva diyA hai| isa racanA meM ahiMsA kA bhAvAtmaka prayoga aneka saMdarbhoM meM grahIta hai| ahiMsA ke apara paryAya vrata, dayA, satya, niyama, yogAdi zabdoM kA prayoga aneka saMdarbhoM meM huA hai| unheM ahiMsA ke rUpa meM svIkArA jA sakatA hai| vaise dayA ahiMsA kA hI paryAya hai| zrI rAma ke vanavAsa jAne para avadha ko anAtha jAnakara punaH lauTane kI prArthanA para zrI rAma ne dharma aura satya kA eka sAtha prayoga kiyA / satya ke barAbara dUsarA dharma nahIM hai / yaha veda, zAstra aura purANoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai, maiMne usI dharma ko sulabha rIti se pAyA hai, use chor3ane se tInoM loka meM apayaza chA jAyegA / * ataH rAma punaH lauTakara nahIM Aye / vanavAsI zrI rAma kA bhAradvAja muni ne Atithya kara ahodhanyatA kA anubhava kiyA / ahiMsA ke paryAya zrI rAma-lakSmaNa sItA ko dekha kara unhoMne kahA--Aja hamArA tapa, tIrtha, yajJa saphala huA hai| Aja hamArA yoga, vairAgya saphala huA, he rAma! Aja ApakA darzana karate hI saba zubha sAdhanoM kA samUha saphala ho gayA / manuSya kI bAta kyA vana ke pazu-pakSI zrI rAma ke vanavAsI jIvana kA saMga pAkara badala gaye / hAthI, siMha, sUkara aura hariNa Adi saba vaira chor3akara eka saMga vihAra karate rahe / jAhira hai zrI rAma kA jIvana ahiMsA ke Aloka se Alokita thA / unakI razmiyoM se hiMsra pazu bhI nirvaira bana maitrI - prema rasa se AplAvita bana jAteM / eka ahiMsaka puruSa kA aisA hI AbhAmaMDala hotA hai jisakA saMsparza pA vAtAvaraNa premamaya bana jAtA hai| bharata ne jo apanI Atma niMdA kI hai vaha ahiMsaka vyaktitva kA pratIka hai| ahiMsakacetA hI svadarzana kI bhUmikA para AtmaniMdA kara sakatA hai| jaba zrI rAma se vanavAsa meM ayodhyAvAsI milane gaye taba unhoMne pAyA vanavAsI loga binA preraNA ke hI saMyamI bana gaye - dUdha kA AhAra, phala, bhojana sirpha eka bAra rAta ko karane lge| AbhUSaNa aura bhoga chor3a zrI rAmajI ke nimitta nema aura vrata karane lge| yaha saba ahiMsaka cetanA kA hI camatkAra thA ki bhoga cetanA tyAgamaya bana gayI / bharatajI ne rAma ke vanavAsI prabhAva ko mArmika zabdoM meM citrita kiyA / vana apanI sampatti se aisA zobhAyamAna huA jaise acche rAjA ko pAkara prajA sukhI hotI hai| yahA~ maMtrI vairAgya, rAjA jJAna tathA suhAvanA vana pavitra deza hai| saMyama-niyama usa jJAna-rUpI rAjA ke yoddhA hai, parvata rAjadhAnI hai, zAMti, sumati aura pavitratA ye tInoM sundara rUpa vAlI rAnI hai| vaha jJAna rUpI rAjA saba aMgoM se paripUrNa aura rAmacandrajI ke caraNoM ke sahAre se usake citta meM cAva, Ananda rahatA hai / " vaha vana vaira vigata ho gyaa| isakA ullekha aneka saMdarbhoM meM kiyA gayA / vana meM rahane vAle bhIla, svabhAva se vinamra aura sevAbhAvI, Atithya nipuNa bana gyeN| isakA udAharaNa bharata sahita ayodhyAvAsI vana meM Aye taba prastuta huA / atithiyoM kA hRdaya se satkArasammAna kara bhIloM ne ahobhAgyatA kA anubhava kiyaa| bhIloM ne sarala mana se yaha bhI svIkArA ki hama saba jar3a jIvoM ko mArane vAle khoTe, kucAlI, khoTI buddhi vAle kujAtI haiM / rAta-dina pApa karate jAte haiN| kamara meM vastra nahIM, peTabhara bhojana nahIM, sapane meM bhI dharma buddhi kisI kI kisa bhA~ti ho, 40 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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para jaba se prabhu ke caraNa-kamala ko dekhA, taba se hamAre kaThina duHkha aura doSa (pApa) dUra ho gye| bhIloM ke ye vacana suna ayodhyAvAsI premamagna ho gye| yaha bhIloM kA Atma nivedana unake hRdayaparivartana kA pratIka hai| zrIrAma kI sannidhi pAne vAle puruSa tApa-zApa mukti kA anubhava krte| jaba bharata zokamagna the taba vana meM zrI rAma se mile to unhoMne bhI duHkha mukti kA anubhava kiyaa| zrIrAma kA prabhAva aciMtya thaa| unake prasAda se citrakUTa parvata kAmanAoM ko dene vAlA ho gayA, dekhate hI zoka ko hara letA thaa| sarovara, nadI, vana aura bhUmi ke vibhAga meM mAno prema kA samudra umar3a rahA hai| beli aura vRkSa saba phala se lada gye| pakSI, pazu aura bhaure samaya ke anusAra bolI bolane lge| usa samaya vana adhika Ananda dAyaka ho gyaa| sabako sukha dene vAlI tInoM prakAra kI (zItala, manda aura sugandhita) vAyu bahane lgii| rAmacarit mAnasa ke uttarakANDa meM zrI rAma ke vanavAsa jIvana ke caudaha varSa pUrNa hone para punaH Agamana aura rAma-rAjya saMcAlana kA varNana hai| rAma bhakta bharata ko rAma ke Agamana kI sUcanA dene Aye taba bharata kA jIvana caritra dekhakara bhAva vibhora ho uThe aura rAma ke sanmukha bharata ke bar3e prema se zIla, sneha tathA vrata kA varNana karane lge| yahA~ vrata zabda kA prayoga bharata kI niyamAdi zIla caryA evaM satya ahiMsAdi AcaraNa hetu kiyA gayA hai| parantu svataMtra rUpa se ahiMsA zabda kA prayoga yahAM bhI nahIM miltaa| sAmAnyatayA 'vrata' meM ahiMsAdi vratoM ko hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| uttarakANDa meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA gayA ki zrI rAma ke Alokika jIvana caritra kA smaraNa karane vAle ke sAre kaSTa dUra ho jAte haiN| isase bhI dyotita hotA hai ki zrI rAma ahiMsA ke paryAya the unakA nAma smaraNa mAtra roga, lobha, ghamaNDa, mada, vipatti bhaMjaka hotA hai| zrI rAma ke rAja-siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hone para ayodhyA meM jo zubha ghaTita huA usakA sAMgopAMga citraNa rAmAyaNa ke uttarakANDa meM hai| rAmarAjya ko ahiMsaka rAjya kahA jAye to atizyokti nahIM hogii| ullekha hai rAma ke rAjyArohaNa se tInoM loka prasanna ho gaye aura unake saba duHkha dUra ho gye| koI kisI se vaira nahIM krtaa| unake prabhAva se sabake mana kI viSamatA dUra ho gii| sabhI loga apane-apane varNa aura Azrama ke anukUla dharma meM tatpara hai| kisI ko bhaya, zoka aura roga nahIM hai| rAma-rAjya meM kisI ko daihika, daivika aura bhautika tApa nahIM vyaaptaa| saba loga Apasa meM prema karate aura veda rIti se apane dharma meM mana lagAkara calate haiN| saMsAra meM dharma ke cAroM caraNa pUrNa rIti se vidyamAna haiN| pApa to svapna meM bhI nahIM hai| saba nara-nArI zrI rAma kI bhakti mana se karate haiM aura sabhI mukti ke adhikArI haiN| isase yaha bahuta spaSTa hotA hai ki dharma aura mokSa kI ArAdhanA karane vAle ahiMsA kA AcaraNa avazyameva karate haiN| rAmarAjya meM na to akAla mRtyu hI hotI hai aura na koI pIr3A hI hotI hai| saba loga sundara aura Arogya zarIra vAle haiN| na koI daridra hai, na koI dIna duHkhI hai, na koI ajJAnI hai aura na zubha lakSaNoM se hIna hai| saba pAkhaMDa rahita, dharma meM rata va puNyAtmA hai| puruSa aura strI sabhI catura aura sukarmI haiN| sabhI guNI, paMDita, jJAnI tathA kRtajJa haiN| kapaTa aura dhUrtatA kisI meM nahIM hai| he marur3ajI! suno, saMsAra bhara meM rAma-rAjya meM kAla, karma, svabhAva tathA guNoM meM utpanna duHkha kabhI kisI ko nahIM hotaa| rAma-rAjya ke sukha aura sampatti ko zeSajI aura sarasvatI bhI nahIM kaha skte| vana meM vRkSa sadA phUlate-phalate haiN| hAthI aura siMha eka sAtha rahate haiN| pazu-pakSI svAbhAvika ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa | 41

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vaira bhUla gaye aura sabhI ne Apasa meM prIti bar3hA lI hai / pazu-pakSiyoM ke jhuNDa vana meM nirbhaya ghUmate haiN| latA aura vRkSa mAMgane para madhu TapakA dete haiM, gAyeM mana cAhA dUdha detI haiM / pRthvI sadaiva khetI se harI-bharI rahatI hai / usa samaya satyayuga kI bAteM tretA meM ho gaI / samudra apanI maryAdA meM rahate haiM, ve apane kinAroM para ratna DAla dete haiM / unheM manuSya pA jAte haiM / saba tAlAba kamaloM se bhare haiM, dasoM dizAoM ke vibhAga bahuta hI prasanna haiM / rAma-rAjya meM candramA apanI zItala kiraNoM se pRthvI ko pUrNa rakhatA hai| sUrya utanA hI tapatA hai, jitane se kAma banatA hai tathA megha mAMgane para jala barasA dete haiM / " tathyataH rAma-rAjya kA yaha varNana ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA dyotaka hai| saMpUrNa rAma carita mAnasa ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki isameM ahiMsA kI arthAtmA kA prayoga yatra-tatra nibaddha hai jo ahiMsA ke vikAsAtmaka svarUpa kA dyotaka hai| yadyapi yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki rAmAyaNa ke racanAkAla taka ahiMsA zabda rUr3ha nahIM banA hogA athavA tulasIdAsajI ne isakA sAkSAt prayoga karane kI apekSA bhAvAtmaka svarUpa ko mahattva diyA ho / kucha bhI kAraNa ho sakatA hai| para, rAmAyaNa meM ahiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa kA darzana anveSaka ke lie sulabha bana sakatA hai / mahAbhArata meM ahiMsA ahiMsA kI vibhinna paribhASAoM, vyAkhyAoM se isake vyApaka svarUpa kA nidarzana hotA hai| mahAbhArata meM isakA paramadharma ke rUpa meM sauMdarya nikharA hai / gAgara meM sAgara kathana ko caritArtha karane vAlA suprasiddha mantavya - 'ahiMsA parama dharma hai| ahiMsA parama tapa hai / ahiMsA hI parama satya hai aura ahiMsA hI dharma kA pravartana karane vAlI hai / yahI saMyama hai, yahI dAna hai, parama jJAna hai aura yahI dAna kA phala hai| jIva ke liye ahiMsA se bar3hakara hitakArI, mitra aura sukha dene vAlA dUsarA koI nahIM hai / " yaha ahiMsA kA divya rUpa hai / jisameM aneka kArya kSetroM kI eka sAtha prastuti huI hai| isa tathya ko puSTa karane vAlA eka aura vacana - ahiMsA parama dharma hai| isakA artha hai hiMsA na karanA / saba jIvoM ko manuSyoM aura pazuoM ko duHkha denA yA satAnA hiMsA hai / yaha ahiMsA kA sUkSma rUpa hai jo jaina ahiMsA se milatA-julatA hai| dharma hI nahIM, zreSTha dharma ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kA pratipAdana graMtha kI gurutA kA dyotaka hai| yadyapi mahAbhArata meM ahiMsA para vistRta carcA nahIM milatI phira bhI hindU dharma ke pratinidhi isa mahAgraMtha meM svalpa hI para, ahiMsA kA sUkSmatA se jo vimarza huA vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| anuzAsana parva meM - 'mana, vANI aura karma se kisI kI hiMsA na karanA ahiMsA hai| 62 isakI vyAkhyA meM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA ki sarva prathama mAnasika hiMsA ko tyAgeM phira vAcika evaM kAyika | ahiMsA kA ullekha-'devatAoM aura atithiyoM kI sevA, dharma kI satat ArAdhanA, vedoM kA adhyayana, yajJa, tapa, dAna, guru aura AcArya kI sevA tathA tIrthoM kI yAtrA, ye saba milakara ahiMsA kI solahavIM kalA ke barAbara bhI nahIM hai / ahiMsA ina sabase zreSTha hai| 63 ahiMsA kI zreSThatA kA yaha eka mahattvapUrNa dastAvez2a hai| zAMtiparva meM hiMsA ko sabase bar3A adharma aura ahiMsA ko sabase bar3A dharma batAyA gayA hai / usI prasaMga meM ullekha hai ki - ' jIvoM ke liye ahiMsA se bar3A koI dharma nahIM hai kyoMki isake dvArA prANiyoM kI rakSA hotI hai aura kisI ko bhI koI kaSTa nahIM hotA / '64 yaha kathana ahiMsA ke virAT svarUpa ko prakaTa karatA hai / ahiMsA ko vyAvahArika dharAtala mahAbhArata kAla meM milA yA nahIM yaha khoja kA viSaya hai| para, ise loka jIvana meM pratiSThita karane kA sArthaka prayatna huaa| aisA aneka saMdarbhoM se jJAta hotA hai / vyakti ko nivAsa kahAM karanA cAhie? isa saMdarbha 1 42 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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meM zAMtiparva kA abhimata hai - 'adhyayana, yajJa, tapa, satya, indriya- saMyama evaM ahiMsA-dharma kA pAlana jisa kSetra meM hotA ho, vahIM vyakti ko nivAsa karanA cAhiye / ' ahiMsA ke vibhinna paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA grahaNa zAMtiparva meM satya ke teraha bhedoM meM kiyA gayA hai - 'samatA, dama, matsaratA kA abhAva, kSamA, lajjA, titikSA, (sahanazIlatA) dUsaroM ke doSa na dekhanA, tyAga, dhyAna, AryatA ( zreSTha AcaraNa), dhairya, ahiMsA aura dayA- ye satya ke svarUpa haiM / ' satya meM ahiMsA kA samAhAra, ahiMsA ke svarUpa kA hI dyotaka hai| ArhatI dRSTi se dekheM to - samatA, dama, kSamatA, titikSA, tyAga, dayAdi ahiMsA ke hI paryAyavAcI haiM / dama (saMyama) kI zakti adambha hai / mahAmAtya vidura isase bhalIbhAMti paricita the| unhoMne dama kA upadeza kauravoM ko diyA evaM pAMDavoM kI vijaya zrI kA anumAna bhI unakI damazakti meM hI AMkA / duryodhana Adi ke samakSa vidura ne damanazIla kA citraNa kiyA- 'jisa puruSa meM kSamA, dhRti, ahiMsA, samatA, satya, saralatA, indriyanigraha, dhairya, mRdulatA, lajjA, acaMcalatA, adInatA, akrodha, saMtoSa aura zraddhA - itane guNa ho, vaha dAMta ( damana yukta ) kahA jAtA hai|.......jo puruSa lolupatA rahita, bhogoM ke ciMtana se vimukha aura samudra ke samAna gaMbhIra hotA hai, vaha damanazIla kahA jAtA hai|' yaha ahiMsaka jIvana zailI kA pratIka hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki mahAbhArata kAla ke jana-jIvana meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa ucca koTi kA thA / hiMsA aura parigraha kA, ahiMsA aura aparigraha kA saMbaMdha hai / isa tathya ko mahAbhArata kAlIna yuddha meM khojA jA sakatA hai / jagajAhira hai ki parigraha kI pakar3a ne hiMsA kA tAMDava nRtya kara itihAsa kI thAti ko eka bAra phira dhUmila kara ddaalaa| para, yaha niyati kA prAbalya hI thA ki ugra satyaahiMsA premiyoM kA upadeza kauravoM kI mUrcchita bhAvanAoM ko badala na sakA / mUrcchita vyakti kI hitAhita buddhi kuMThita ho jAtI hai / parigraha kI gaharI pakar3a jIvana lIlA ko kaise lIla jAtI hai isakA jIvaMta udAharaNa vidura ne dhRtarASTra se nivedana kiyA thA - eka bAra kaI bhIla aura brAhmaNoM ke sAtha maiM (vidura) gandhamAdana parvata para gayA thaa| vahA~ eka zahada se bharA huA chattA dekhaa| anekoM viSadhara sarpa usakI rakSA kara rahe the| vaha aisA guNayukta thA ki yadi koI puruSa use pA le to amara ho jAye / yaha rahasya vidura ne rasAyanavid brAhmaNoM se sunA thA / bhIla loga use prApta karane kA lobha saMvaraNa na kara sakeM aura usa sarpoMvAlI guphA meM jAkara naSTa ho gyeN| isI prakAra ApakA putra duryodhana akelA hI sArI pRthvI ko bhoganA cAhatA hai / ise mohavaza zahada to dikha rahA hai kiMtu apane nAza kA sAmAna dikhAI nahIM detaa| yAda rakhiye, jisa prakAra agni saba vastuoM ko jalA DAlatI hai vaise hI drupada, virAT aura krodha meM bharA huA arjuna - ye saMgrAma meM kisI ko bhI jItA nahIM chodd'eNge| isalie rAjan ( dhRtarASTra) Apa mahArAja yudhiSThara ko bhI apanI goda meM sthAna dIjiye, nahIM to ina donoM kA yuddha hone para kisakI jIta hogI- yaha nizcitarUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA 165 ahiMsA kI virAT bhAvanA kA mahattva batAte hue veda vyAsa ne kahA-dharma aura artha donoM hI puruSArthoM se ahiMsA ucca koTi kI hai / pitA dvArA pradatta ahiMsA upadeza vyAsaputra zukadeva ke vairAgya kA kAraNa bnaa| pitA kI zikSA thI - 'beTA! tuma sarvadA jitendriya rahakara dharma kA savena karo; garmIsardI, bhUkha-pyAsa ko sahana karate hue prANoM para vijaya prApta karo; satya, saralatA, akrodha, adoSadarzana, jitendriyatA, tapasyA, ahiMsA aura akrUratA Adi dharmoM kA vidhivat pAlana karo .. / " isa upadezAmRta meM ahiMsA ke pAlana kA spaSTa ullekha 1 ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa / 43

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vimarzataH mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva, zAMtiparva Adi meM ahiMsA kA jo vizuddha rUpa prakaTa huA hai usameM ahiMsA ke naitika aura dhArmika ubhaya pakSoM kA samAhAra hai| eka ora jahA~ ahiMsA ko parama dharma batalAyA vahIM ise parama mitra bhI btlaayaa| ahiMsA pathagAmI kI tapasyA akSaya kahI gyii| ahiMsA ke AcaraNa para vizeSa bala diyA gyaa| isase anumita hotA hai ki mahAbhArata ke racanAkAla taka ahiMsA kI sthiti vikAsamAna thii| zrImadbhagavat gItA meM ahiMsA gItA bhAratIya janamAnasa kA samAdaraNIya graMtha hai| isameM aneka viSayoM kA pratipAdana hai| vibhinna viSayoM para prakAza DAlane ke bAvajada AmadhAraNA hai ki gItA anAsakta karma yoga kA pratipAdaka graMtha hai| prazna hai gItAkAra ne anAsakta karmayoga para itanA bala kyoM diyA? yaha apane Apa meM rahasyapUrNa tathya hai| saMbhava hai karma baMdhana kI paraMparA kA uccheda karane ke liye hI aisA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| karma baMdhana ke mukhya do kAraNa-rAga aura dveSa hI haiN| ina donoM se mukta rahakara samatAmaya AcaraNa hetu aisI prastuti pramukha rUpa se kI gayI hai| ye ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka tattva haiN| gItA kA sarvocca Adarza hai-iishvr| usake svarUpa meM nAnAbhAvoM kA samAveza svIkRta hai| svarUpa pratipAdaka zloka meM prathama sthAna ahiMsA ko milaa|7 bhASyakAra ne ise vyAkhyAyita kiyA- 'ahiMsA apIr3A prANinAm'-prANiyoM ko kisI prakAra pIr3A na pahu~cAnA ahiMsA hai| Izvara ke svarUpa ciMtana meM ahiMsA kA prathama sthAna gItA meM isake mahattvapUrNa sthAna kA dyotaka hai| Izvara se abhinna bhUtoM kI (prANI mAtra) parikalpanA ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA dyotaka hai| iSTa meM samasta prANiyoM kI parikalpanA jIva jagat ke sAtha tAdAtmya vikasita karane kI prakriyA hai| sthUla dRSTayA ahiMsA kA svataMtra pratipAdana vimarzva graMtha meM bhale najara na Aye para, ahiMsaka ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana aneka saMdarbho meM huA hai| kArya-kAraNa bhAva kI dRSTi se ahiMsaka kA varNana ahiMsA kA hI pratipAdana hai| 'jJAna niSTha vyakti ke guNa samudAya meM tIsarA guNasamudAya ahiMsA ko kahA hai|' brahma svarUpAvasthA hetu ahiMsA kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA usameM AtmatulA kA ahobhAva chupA huA hai| isakA pratipAdaka kathya hai-'jisa samaya bhUtoM ke alaga-alaga bhAvoM ko, unakI pRthaktA ko eka AtmA meM hI sthita dekhatA hai tathA samasta vistAra AtmA se hI nirmita nihAratA hai, vaha brahmarUpa hI ho jAtA hai|'68 apanI AtmA meM hI sarvabhUtoM ke samAhAra kA Azaya hai kisI jIva ko kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAnA, kyoMki apanI AtmA ko koI kaSTa pahuMcAnA nahIM caahtaa| jaba kaSTa denA hI mAnya nahIM usa sthiti meM usake prANAghAta kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA yaha mahattvapUrNa kathana gItA meM isake gauravapUrNa sthAna kA dyotaka hai| gItA meM traya prakRtiyoM-devI, AsurI aura rAkSasI kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| svarUpa vimarza meM-'ahiMsA, satya, akrodha, tyAga, zAnti, apaizuna, bhUtoM para dayA, alolupatA, komalatA, lajjA, acapalatA Adi devI prakRti ke lakSaNa haiN| 69 ina lakSaNoM kA manana karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno svayaM ahiMsA bhagavatI kA hI svarUpa nirdhArita huA hai| devI svarUpa ke aneka lakSaNa ahiMsA ke hI paryAyavAcI haiN| devI prakRti kA svarUpa uccakoTi kI ahiMsA evaM ahiMsaka ke svarUpa ko eka sAtha prastuta karatA hai| trividha tapa meM 'zArIrika tapa ke varNana meM ahiMsA kA grahaNa hai|' kSamA bhAratIya jana-mAnasa 44 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kA ucca AcAra hai| isakI carcA aneka praur3ha graMthoM meM milatI hai| gItA meM kSamAvAn kA citraNa hai- 'jo saba bhUtoM meM dveSa nahIM karatA, sabake sAtha mitrabhAva rakhatA hai aura jo karuNAmaya hai, jo mamatA aura ahaMkAra se rahita hai, sukha aura duHkha meM sama hai| 70 bhASyakAra ne 'adveSTA sarvabhUtAnAM' zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA- 'sarvANibhUtAni Atmatvena hi pazyati' arthAt samasta bhUtoM ko AtmArUpa se hI dekhatA hai| isameM Atma tulA kA bhAva mukhara hai| Azaya kI puSTi kI gaI - 'jo saba prANiyoM meM apane samAna hI sukha aura duHkha ko tulyabhAva se anukUla aura pratikUla dekhatA hai, kisI ke bhI pratikUla AcaraNa nahIM karatA vaha ahiMsaka hai / isa prakAra ahiMsaka puruSa pUrNajJAna meM sthita hai vaha parama yogI hai / ' saccAyogI puruSa samatA kA paryAya hotA hai usakA citraNa kiyA gayA - 'yogI samadRSTivAn hotA hai jo sabhI bhUtoM meM apanI AtmA ko sthita dekhatA hai tathA apanI AtmA meM samastabhUtoM ko dekhatA hai|'' jisakI ahiMsaka cetanA jAgRta ho jAtI hai usameM prANI mAtra ke prati advaitabhAva- samatA bhAva kA saMcAra ho jAtA hai| vaha svArtha manovRtti se Upara uThakara 'sarvabhUtahiteratAH' ke Adarza ko caritArtha karatA hai| eka AdarzavAn athavA viziSTa yogI puruSa meM ahiMsA kA jo svarUpa gItA meM prakaTa huA vaha ahiMsA ke vikAsAtmaka rUpa kA dyotaka hai| anAsakta karmayoga ke sAtha ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM jo viziSTa adhyAya gItA meM jur3A hai, usase yaha spaSTa hai ki ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM gItA kA apanA apUrva yogadAna hai / samagra dRSTi se dekhA jAye to ahiMsA kI jo sUkSma mImAMsA parokSa rUpa se gItAkAra ne kI vaha maulika hai / vimarzataH gItA kA anAsakta karmayoga ahiMsA ke vikAsAtmaka pakSa kI sabala kar3I hai / purANoM meM ahiMsA purANa jJAna ke bhaMDAra haiN| inameM satayuga, tretA, dvApara evaM kalayuga kA vistAra se varNana hai| tattva ke sugama bodhArtha aneka upAkhyAnoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| purANoM meM ahiMsA kI carcA bahuta vistAra se nahIM milatI, phira bhI usake sphUliMga dekhe jA sakate haiM / dAna ke vibhinna rUpa - jJAnadAna, saMyatidAna, dravyadAna (dhana-dhAnya), abhayadAna meM antima ko sarvazreSTha dAna batAyA gayA hai / padmapurANa ke gau- vyAghra saMvAda meM abhaya dAna kA jo citraNa hai, vaha ahiMsA kA abhivyaMjaka hai| gAya ke mukha se nisRta vacana vyAghra ke hRdaya ko AMdolita karane vAle haiM - ' bhAI bAgha ! vidvAn satayuga meM tapa kI prazaMsA karate haiM, tretA meM jJAna aura karma kI, dvApara meM yajJa kI parantu kaliyuga meM ekamAtra dAna hI zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| saMpUrNa dAnoM meM eka hI dAna sarvottama hai, vaha hai saMpUrNa bhUtoM ko abhaya daan| isase bar3hakara koI dUsarA dAna nahIM hai| 72 kathana kA spaSTa Azaya hai ki abhayadAna hI sarvazreSTha / isa dAna ko itara dharmadarzanoM meM eka jaina dharma ne bhI mukhya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM isakI spaSTa prastuti hai - 'saba dAnoM meM abhaya dAna zreSTha hai| 73 isakI zreSThatA isalie hai kyoMki isase samasta prANiyoM kI jijIviSA ko AzvAsana milatA hai / ataH abhayadAna kA tAtparya hai jIvoM kI hiMsA se uparata honA / abhaya dAna kI vyApakatA kA ullekha kiyA- 'jo samasta carAcara prANiyoM ko abhayadAna detA hai vaha sarva prakAra ke bhaya se mukta hokara parabrahma ko prApta hotA hai|' isase do mahattvapUrNa tathya ujAgara hote haiM- 1. jo dUsaroM ko apanI ora se abhaya banAtA hai, vahI sabakI ora se abhaya raha sakatA 12. parabrahUma kI viziSTa upalabdhi hetu sUkSma ahiMsA kA pAlana anivArya hai| sAdhaka kA sarvocca lakSya Adiparabrahma kA sAkSAtkAra hai to ahiMsA kA AcaraNa usake lie anivArya 1 ahiMsA kA aitihAsika svarUpa / 45

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viSNu ke uSTa prati puSpoM meM ahiMsA kA sthAna pahalA hai| isakI advitIyatA ko prakaTa kiyA-'ahiMsA ke samAna na koI dAna hai, na koI tpsyaa|74 isa kathana meM ahiMsA ke mahAtmya kA spaSTa nidarzana hai| sabhI dharmoM ke svarUpa kI avagati ahiMsA jJAna meM samAhita hai| ise upamAlaMkAra meM prastuta dI- 'jaise hAthI ke padacinha meM anya saba prANiyoM ke padacinha samA jAte haiM, usI prakAra sabhI dharma ahiMsA se prApta ho jAte haiN|' arthAta kisI bhI dhArmika avabodha hetu ahiMsA kA AcaraNa anivArya hai| __ahiMsA kI zakti ko sarva kAmanApUrNA batalAyA- 'he rAjan ! vaha ahiMsA sabhI kAmanAoM ko pUrNa karane vAlI tathA pApoM se chur3Ane vAlI hai| isase anumita hotA hai ki ahiMsA ko purANoM meM kitanA U~cA sthAna prApta thaa| vaiziSTya isa bAta kA hai ki ise karma baMdhana mukti kA sazakta sAdhana batalAyA gayA hai-'mana, vacana aura kAyA se jo pUrI taraha ahiMsaka rahate haiM aura jo zatru aura mitra donoM ko samAna dRSTi se dekhate haiM, ve karma-bandhana se chUTa jAte haiN| sabhI jIvoM para dayA karane vAle, sabhI jIvoM meM AtmA kA darzana karane vAle aura mana se bhI kisI jIva kI hiMsA na karane vAle svargoM ke sukha bhogate haiN| 76 jAhira hai akhaMDa ahiMsA kA anupAlaka, samatAdRSTivAn karmabaMdhana kI prakriyA kA ucchedakara sukha prApti ke mArga ko prazasta karatA hai| purANoM meM nAnA prakAra ke utpAta aura unakI zAnti ke upAya varNita haiM-aThAraha prakAra kI zAntiyoM meM samasta utpAtoM kA upasaMhAra karane vAlI amRtA, abhayA aura saumyA-ye tIna sarvottama haiN| yahA~ abhayA ahiMsA kA dyotaka zAMtimaMtra pratIta hotA hai| zrImadbhAgavat mahApurANa, zivapurANa, zrI narasiMhapurANa, saMkSipta brahmavaivarta purANoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki unameM ahiMsA kA spaSTa rUpa se koI ullekha nahIM hai para vividha taraha ke prAkRtika prakopoM kI, grahanakSatroM kI zAMti hetu nAnA maMtroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jise hama ahiMsA kA vidhirUpa-vikAsAtmaka rUpa kaha sakate haiN| ahiMsA kI vikasvara phulavArI ko dekhakara hI bhArata bhUmi kI gauravapUrNa gAthA kA guNAnuvAda zrI viSNupurANa meM kiyA gayA- 'devagaNa niraMtara gAna karate haiM ki jinhoMne svarga aura apavarga ke mArgabhUta bhAratavarSa meM janma liyA vo dhanya hai| vAstava meM svarga aura mokSa pradAyaka ahiMsAdharma ke kAraNa hI bhArata bhUmi kA devoM dvArA guNagAna huaa| tathyataH zAMti maMtroM dvArA prAkRtika saMpadAoM se maitrI, graha-nakSatroM kI anukUla dRSTi kI kAmanA ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kiye gaye sArthaka upakrama haiN| vividha upAkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se, vyAghra jaise hiMsaka prANI ke sanmukha gau ke upadezAmRta kI saMkalpanA apane Apa meM maulika hai| isake mAdhyama se carAcara sakSma prANI jagata ke abhayadAna kA jo citrA~kana haA hai. ise parANoM meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA sAkSya mAnA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA ke aitihAsika svarUpa meM katipaya mahattvapUrNa pratiSThita graMthoM-paMthoM ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ke sUtra evaM vikAsAtmaka tathyoM ko anveSaNapUrvaka rakhA gayA hai| adhyayana ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM nyUnAdhikya dRSTi gocara hotA hai| para yaha saca hai ki isakA astitva dhruvarUpa se sadaiva kAyama rahA hai| 46 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA dArzanika vicAradhArA kA bIjAropaNa aMgopAMga, vedAdimUla graMthoM meM huaa| upaniSad, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, gItA, bhASya-TIkAoM meM niraMtara vikasita hote hue ciMtana kI carama pariNati svarUpa bhAratIya darzana kI pratiSThA huii| anubhUti se AplAvita jIvana ko sArthakatA pradAna karane vAlA AdhyAtmika ciMtana 'darzana' khlaayaa| isameM adhyAtma vidyA yA mokSa zAstra tathA jJAna mImAMsA-pramANa zAstra para vyApaka evaM gaMbhIra vicAra huaa| bhAratIya darzana kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM, jinameM pAralaukika sarvocca sukha (mokSa) kI prApti sarvotkRSTa hai| eka Adarza vyaktitva kI parikalpanA meM-'mAnava ke sarvatomukhI vikAsa ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI bhAratIya AcAryoM ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa rUpa puruSArtha catuSTya kI siddhi meM hI mAnava karttavya kI iti zrI smjhii|' darzana ke Aloka meM carama pariNati-mokSa kI prApti hetu zubha karma, tapa-tyAga, saMyama rUpa ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA svIkRta huii| isa rUpa meM ahiMsA bhAratIya darzana kA prANa tattva bnii| ahiMsA bhAratIya manISA kI mahattvapUrNa khoja hai| DaoN. rAmajIsiMha ke anusAra ahiMsA ko kevala jainoM ne hI nahIM, balki bauddha evaM vaidika darzanoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAratIya ciMtana dhArA kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ahiMsA kA kSitija kevala mAnavoM ke lie hI nahIM, mAnavettara prANiyoM ke lie khola diyaa| abhI bhI jainoM ke alAvA hiMdU-vaiSNava Adi kaI samAja ke loga nirAmiSa haiN| ahiMsA kA paryAyavAcI zAMti to vaidika sabhyatA kA prANa hai aura vahI zAMti kI bhAvanA mAnava aura pazu-pakSiyoM se bhI Age vRkSoM evaM jala Adi taka vistRta hai| 'dyo zAnti' se lekara 'ApaH zAMti', 'aMtarikSa zAMti' Adi maMtra hai| vibhinna saMdarbho meM ahiMsA kI sUkSma mImAMsA bhAratIya darzana kA vimarthya bindu rahA hai| jaina-darzana meM ahiMsA ahiMsA ke virAT svarUpa kI parikalpanA meM 'jaina-darzana' agraNI hai| 'jaina' zabda mAtra se ahiMsA sAkAra ho uThatI hai| jaina-darzana evaM ahiMsA eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI jaise pratIta hote haiN| ahiMsA kI arthAtmA 'jaina' zabda ke sAtha isa prakAra ghula-mila gayI hai ki isakA vibhAjana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vastutaH dharma mAtra ahiMsA ko Age kiye calate haiN| koI bhI dharma aisA nahIM, jisakA mUla yA prathama tattva ahiMsA na ho| phira jaina dharma ke sAtha ahiMsA kA aisA tAdAtmya kyoM? samAdhAna meM kucha naye tathya ujAgara hote haiN| yathA . SaDjIva nikAya kA sUkSma anubhUti paraka niruupnn| . ahiMsA kA zakti sApekSa pratipAda-aNuvrata-mahAvrata ruup| vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA / 47

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. ahiMsA kA dRr3hatA se paaln| . lakSya prApti ke sarvocca sAdhana rUpa meM sviikRti| . cetanA kI samAna anubhUti-AtmatulA kA bodha, aadi| ahiMsA jaina dharma kA pramukha siddhAMta hai, yaha nirvivAda saca hai| ise paramadharma rUpa meM svIkRti labdha hai| kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra kA mUla siddhAMta samatA hai yA ahiMsA? maMthana se ujAgara hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mUla siddhAMta samatA hai aura ahiMsA usakA eka aMga hai| prAkRta kA 'sama' zabda saMskRta meM tIna rUpoM meM vyAkhyAyita huA hai-sama-samatA, zama-zAMti, zrama-tapasyA, svAvalaMbana aura Atma nirbhrtaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mukhya siddhAMta yaha tripadAtmaka 'sama' hai| kAlakrama se yaha ghaTita huA ki samatA pRSThabhUmi meM calI gaI aura ahiMsA ubharakara sAmane A gayI, para kyA uparokta tripadI ke binA ahiMsA kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai? AcaraNAtmaka pakSa se bhI yaha puSTa hotA hai| 'samaNa' zabda 'sama' zabda se vyutpanna hai-'samamaNaI teNa so samaNo' jo saba jIvoM ko tulya mAnatA hai vaha 'samaNa' hai| jaise mujhe duHkha priya nahIM, usI prakAra saba jIvoM ko ya nahIM hai-isa samatA kI dRSTi se jo kisI bhI prANI kA vadha na karatA hai, na karavAtA apanI samagati ke kAraNa 'samaNa' kahalAtA hai| isa samatA kI sAdhanA meM eka viziSTa varga pratiSThita huA jise Ama bhASA meM sAdhu-saMta kahate haiN| samatA kA prAyogika pakSa bahuta prakhara banA jisake AdhAra para hI bhikSu saMgha meM saba vargoM ke vyakti dIkSita hote the| pramukha zramaNoM meM cAroM varSoM se dIkSita muni the| AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA- 'namirAjarSi, saMjaya, mRgAputrAdi kSatriya the| kapila, jayaghoSa, vijayaghoSa, bhRguAdi brAhmaNa the| anAthI, samudrapAla Adi vaizya the| harikezabala, citra-saMbhUti Adi cANDAla the| zramaNoM kI yaha samatA ahiMsA para AdhArita thii| isa prakAra samatA aura ahiMsA ye donoM tattva samaNa (yA zramaNa) saMskRti ke mUla bIja the|79 maulika tathya ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ke itihAsa meM tebIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma kA adhyAya apUrva koTi kA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha bhI aba nirvivAdasA hotA jA rahA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra aura bhagavAn buddha kI suvikasita ahiMsA kA mUla udgama pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma hI hai| yaha kathana ahiMsA kI aitihAsikatA kA spaSTa pramANa hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ahiMsA ke prakhara pravaktA evaM udagra prayoktA the| unakA yuga ahiMsA kI parAkASThA kA yuga mAnA jAtA hai| mahAvIra kI ahiMsA jitanI vistRta thI utanI hI gambhIra thii| prazna hai usa samaya kI ahiMsA kA svarUpa kyA thA? vaha niSedha pradhAna thI yA vidhi-pradhAna ? usakA Azaya Atmonnayana se thA yA pudgala poSaNa se? uddezya zreyo'vApti thA yA laukika abhyudaya ? ityAdi praznoM kA samAdhAna jaina darzana kI ahiMsA meM khojA jA sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM ahiMsA kI sUkSma mImAMsA kI gaI- 'AtmA meM rAga-dveSa-mohAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti honA hI hiMsA hai aura ina bhAvoM kA AtmA meM utpanna honA hI ahiMsA hai|| vastutaH hiMsA-ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha dUsare jIvoM ke jIvana-maraNa, sukha-duHkha se na hokara AtmA meM utpanna hone vAle rAga-dveSa janita pariNAmoM se hai| mArane kA bhAva ko hiMsA hai hI kiMtu bacAne kA vyAmoha bhI hiMsA hI hai kyoMki vaha bhI rAga bhAva hai aura rAga bhAva mAtra hiMsA hai| rAga ko agni kI upamA dI jAtI hai| Aga cAhe nIma kI ho yA caMdana kI donoM hI jlaayegii| rAga bhAva kaisA bhI kyoM na ho Akhira vaha hiMsA hI hai| isake 48 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ThIka viparIta vItarAga pariNati kA nAma ahiMsA hai| hiMsA-ahiMsA kA prAyaH saMbaMdha dUsaroM se jor3A jAtA hai| dUsaroM kI hiMsA na kare, basa yahI ahiMsA hai, isa Ama dhAraNA se pare jaina dharma ne yahA~ taka kahA ki vyakti apanI hiMsA bhI karatA hai| Atma-hatyA hI nahIM, dUSita vicAra mAtra hiMsA hai| ahiMsA kI paribhASA kA uttarottara vikAsa huA hai| kisI jIva ko mata mAro-yaha ahiMsA . hai| yahA~ se ahiMsA kA siddhAMta calA aura vikasita hote-hote aneka gaharAiyoM ko pAra karate hue rAga-dveSa mukta kSaNa kI bhUmikA para ArUr3ha ho samatA ke zikhara ko chU gyaa| aitihAsika vizleSaNa se spaSTa hai ki ahiMsA kI paribhASA kA kramazaH vikAsa huA hai| jaina sAhitya meM ahiMsA kI aneka paribhASAeM aMkita haiN| ve sabhI ahiMsA kI sUkSma pratipAdanA hetu vinirmita huii| ahiMsA ko dharma kA paryAya batalAyA- 'ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA dharma hai, karavAnA dharma hai aura usake pAlana kA anumodana karanA bhI dharma hai|' dharma kI ArAdhanA meM ahiMsA kI aparihAryatA batalAkara eka nayA adhyAya jodd'aa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ahiMsA darzana ke praNetA haiN| unakI ahiMsA ke hRdaya ko chU pAnA sugama nahIM hai| jaina bhikSu kI ahiMsA pRthvI, pAnI, vanaspati, vAyu aura agni paryaMta anivArya bnii| nizItha meM pRthvI-pAnI Adi kI hiMsA saMbaMdhI aneka mAsika tathA cAturmAsika prAyazcitta ke vidhAna milate haiN| prANI mAtra ko AtmatulA se taulanA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ahiMsA vaiziSTya hI kahA jaayegaa| unhoMne kahA-'loka meM vidyamAna choTe-bar3e sabhI prANiyoM ko jo AtmA ke samAna dekhatA hai vo hI ahiMsA hai|'82 isakA AdhArabhUta vacana hai-'jaise mujhe duHkha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI sabhI choTe-bar3e prANiyoM ko duHkha priya nahIM hai|' ye kathana Atma-tulyatA ko pramANita karate haiN| jo vyakti sabhI prANiyoM ko AtmA ke samAna dekhatA hai, jisa caitanya pramANa vAlI merI AtmA hai, usI pariNAma vAlI AtmA sabakI hai| hAthI aura kuMthu kI AtmA bhI samAna parimANa vAlI hai| isa samatA bhAva se madhyastha bhAva phalita huA-'samUce jagat ko samatA kI dRSTi se dekhane vAlA kisI kA bhI priya-apriya na kareM-madhyastha rhe|' samatA kI dhurI para AtmatulA kA siddhAMta pratiSThita kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne abhinava ahiMsA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| unakA AtmatulA kI cetanA kA vikAsa bahuta vizAla thA, jisameM SaDjIva nikAya kI AtmAnubhUti samAhita thii| isakA pramANa gautama svAmI ke jijJAsA-samAdhAna meM khojA jA sakatA hai| gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA-'bhaMte! pRthvIkAyika jIva AkrAMta hone para kisa prakAra kI vedanA kA anubhava karate haiM? bhagavAn ne kahA-gautama! jaise eka taruNa aura zaktizAlI manuSya durbala aura jarjarita manuSya ke mastaka para muSThi se jora kA prahAra karatA hai, usa samaya vaha kaisI vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai?' bhaMte! vaha aniSTa vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai? gautama! jaise vaha jarjarita manuSya aniSTa vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai, usase bhI aniSTattara vedanA kA anubhava pRthvIkAyika jIva Ahata hone para karatA hai| isI prakAra sabhI jIva aisI hI ghora vedanA kA anubhava karate haiN|'83 spaSTa rUpa se kisI bhI mAnyatA, avadhAraNA se sarvathA aprabhAvita prANImAtra ke svataMtra astitva kI svIkRti jaina darzana kI jagat ko maulika dena hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pratipAdana thA- 'puDhosattA' yAnI pratyeka prANI kA svataMtra astitva hai| tumheM dUsare kI svaMtatratA ko kucalane kA koI adhikAra nahIM hai| ahiMsA ke vizleSaNa meM yaha spaSTa huA-yaha saMsaraNazIla prANI aneka bAra mahAn bana cukA hai aura aneka bAra saadhaarnn| kauna choTA hai aura kauna bar3A? saba choTe haiM aura saba bdd'e| jAti, kula, bala, rUpa ke AdhAra para U~ca-nIca kI kalpanA mithyA hai| vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA / 49

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ahiMsA ke ugra nirUpaka evaM prakhara samIkSaka the| jisakI pRSThabhUmi meM hiMsAma krUratA kA tANDava nRtya pratibimbita thA / krUra hiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha krUra daMDa dene kI pravRtti bar3ha rahI thii| sAmAnya aparAdhI ko bhI vizeSa daMDa diyA jaataa| romAMcaka daMDa diye jAne kA varNana milatA hai - ' apane samAzrita dAsa, preSya, bhRtaka, dhArmika, karmakara aura bhoga puruSa Adi ke kisI choTe aparAdha hone para mAlika svayaM unheM daMDita karatA thA / vaha kahatA - ise daMDita karo, muMDita karo aura isakA tiraskAra karake isako maaro| isako ber3I, jaMjIra aura sAMkala Adi se kASThAdi para bA~dha do| isake pratyeka aMga ko saMkucita kara ddaalo| isake hAtha, paira, nAka, oSTha, zira, mukha aura jananendriya kA chedana kro| isake hRdaya, netra, dA~ta, vadana, jihvA aura vRSaNoM kA utpATana kro| ise vRkSa se laTakA do| ise bhUmi para ragar3a do| isake zarIra ko zUla se Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara ddaalo| isake ghAvoM para namaka chir3akA do / isako agni jvAlA se jalA do| isake mAMsa ko kor3I ke sadRza banAkara isI ko khilAne kA prabandha kro| isake bhatta-pAna kA viccheda kara do| isako yAvajjIvana baMdhana meM rkho| ise bemauta mAra ddaalo|'' isa prakAra kI krUra daMDa paraMparA ke pratikAra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsAtmaka ucita nyAya vidhi kA pravartana kiyaa| unhoMne isa bAta para bala diyA ki alpa daMDanIya ko adhika daMDa dene vAlA pratyuta svayaM daMDa kA bhAgI banatA hai / daMDa dene kA adhikArI vahI hai jise samyak daMDa vyavasthA kA bodha ho / tAtkAlIna hiMsAmayI viSama pravRttiyA~ dekhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hRdaya dravita ho utthaa| usa samaya hiMsA kA bolabAlA thaa| cAroM ora hiMsaka kriyAkANDoM kI dhUma macI thI / yajJoM meM mUka prANiyoM kI bali dI jAtI thI, sAtha hI sAmAjika viSamatA kA sAmrAjya thA / manuSya manuSya meM bhedarekhA khIMcI huI thii| aise hI hRdayadrAvaka dRzya dekhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hRdaya kAMpa utthaa| unhoMne isa prakAra ke hiMsaka vAtAvaraNa ko badalane kA praNa kiyaa| nirbhaya hokara ahiMsaka krAMti kI / unhoMne ucca svara meM kahA - ' yAjJikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati' yaha siddhAMta galata hai| hiMsA hara avasthA meM hiMsA hI rahatI hai / vaha kisI bhI uddezya se kI jAe, usakA hiMsApana miTa nahIM jAtA / jAtivAda kA khaMDana kiyA aura kahA - tyAga aura tapasyA hI vizeSa hai, koI jAti vizeSa se nhiiN| udghoSaNA kI - 'saba manuSya samAna haiM, koI atirikta athavA hIna nahIM / ' apane kathana kI puSTi meM unhoMne ahiMsAtmaka yajJa kI prarUpaNA kI / jAtivAda kA pratikAra kara harikezabala muni ko apane saMgha meM mahattva diyA / mAnava mAtra kI ekatA para bala diyaa| dravya-bhAva kI apekSA se ahiMsA kI sUkSma mImAMsA jaina darzana kI maulika sphuraNA hai / etadviSayaka ahiMsA ke cAra vikalpa batalAye * * 'dravyataH ahiMsA bhAvataH ahiMsA / dravyataH ahiMsA bhAvataH hiMsA / dravyataH hiMsA bhAvataH ahiMsA / dravyataH hiMsA bhAvataH hiMsA / 85 dravyataH aura bhAvataH ahiMsA ke pratipAdana se isakA sUkSma rUpa prakaTa huA jo ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA pratIka hai| ahiMsA kA dikhAU vistAra to svalpa prayatna se hI ho jAtA hai, kiMtu yathArtha meM usakA vikAsa honA prayatnajanya upalabdhi hai / jaina darzana meM ahiMsA kA pratipAdana aneka dRSTiyoM se huA hai usameM pramukha haiM - nizcaya aura 50 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vyavahAra dRSTi / isameM mUlabhUta Atma pariNAmoM ko lakSita karake ahiMsA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / pratipAdana kI yaha gUr3ha abhidhA hara kisI ke lie samajha kA sarala viSaya nahIM hai| para, tattva kI gurutA kA jo nidarzana isa dRSTi meM hotA hai vaha apane ApameM maulika hai / 'nizcaya - dRSTi se AtmA hI ahiMsA hai aura vahI hiMsA ! apramatta AtmA ahiMsaka hai aura jo pramatta hai vaha hiMsaka hai / hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA mUla srota AtmA kI pramatta - apramatta AMtarika avasthA vizeSa kA nAma / athavA hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA mUla srota AtmA kI asat aura sat pravRtti mAtra hai / jIva ghAta yA jIva rakSA usakI mUla kasauTI nahIM hai / yaha to mAtra upacAra hai athavA vyavahAra dRSTi hai / ubhaya dRSTi kA eka sAtha citraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai- 'jahAM pravRtti asat hotI hai aura jIvaghAta bhI hotA hai, vahA~ vyavahAra aura nizcaya donoM dRSTiyoM se hiMsA hotI hai / jahA~ pravRtti sat hotI hai aura jIva-ghAta bhI nahIM hotA, vahA~ vyavahAra aura nizcaya donoM dRSTiyoM se ahiMsA hotI hai / pravRtti sat hotI hai aura jIva-ghAta ho jAtA hai, vahA~ nizcaya - dRSTi se ahiMsA aura vyavahAra dRSTi se hiMsA hotI hai / pravRtti asat hotI hai aura jIva-ghAta nahIM hotA, vahA~ nizcaya-dRSTi se hiMsA hotI hai|87 isa caturabhaMgI meM hiMsA-ahiMsA ke mUla Azaya ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| isakA maMthana pUrvaka anuzIlana hI ahiMsA vikAsa kA mUla AdhAra hai / vItarAga vANI meM ahiMsA kA jo naizcayika svarUpa prakaTa huA vaha bar3A sUkSma hai| cU~ki kI anubhUti se jo tattva pratipAdita hotA hai usakA rahasya marma sparzI hotA hai / nivRtti mUlaka ahiMsA kI pratipAdanA kA mUla avyakta hI rahatA hai / vaha to Atma pradezoM meM hI anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai / isa tathya kI prastuti vItarAga vANI meM huI - ' rAga Adi kI anutpatti ahiMsA hai aura unakI utpatti hiMsA hai|' isase prakaTa hotA hai ki hiMsA-ahiMsA kA sIdhA saMbaMdha AtmapariNAmoM se hai / ve donoM AtmA ke hI vikArI - avikArI pariNAma hai| vastutaH cidvikAra hI hiMsA hai, jhUTha, corI Adi cidvikAra haiM ataH hiMsA hai / adhyavasAya kI prazasta aura aprazasta, pavitra aura apavitra sthiti hI hiMsA - ahiMsA kI kAraka hai / nizcaya dRSTi se - ' adhyavasAya se hI karma kA baMdha hotA hai, phira koI jIva mare yA na mare / nizcaya ke anusAra saMkSepa meM jIvoM ke karma-baMdha kA yahI svarUpa hai| 88 hiMsA kA yaha atisUkSma rUpa aneka udAharaNoM meM milatA hai - prasannacandra rAjarSi, tandulamatsyAdi / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isI Azaya se mAnasika ahiMsA ko sarvopari sthAna diyA, kyoMki hiMsA kI mUla bhitti mAnasika hiMsA hI kahalAtI hai / jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA AdhArabhUta tatva hai - saMyama / jarmana vidvAna alabarTa svejara ne apane graMtha 'iMDiyana vATa eNDa iTsa DevalapameMTa' meM isa tatva ko bar3I gambhIratA se pratipAdita kiyA hai / unake matAnusAra - 'yadi ahiMsA ke upadeza kA AdhAra sacamuca hI karuNA hotI to yaha samajhanA kaThina ho jAtA ki usameM na mArane, kaSTa na dene kI hI sImAe~ kaise baMdha sakI aura dUsaroM ko sahAyatA pradAna karane kI preraNA se vaha kaise vilaga raha sakI hai|47 unakI dRSTi jaina ahiMsA kI sUkSma mImAMsA ko samajhane meM painI thI / yathArtha ke dharAtala para jaina darzana meM ahiMsA kA AdhAra saMyama hai| hiMsA kA bahuAyAmI pratipAdana jaina darzana kI maulika vizeSatA hai / hiMsA-ahiMsA kA svarUpa isa darzana meM bahuta vyApaka hai / mAnasika ahiMsA ke dRSTikoNa se vicAroM kA yathArtha pratipAdana anekAMta darzana, vAcika ahiMsA hetu samasta pakSoM ko apane meM samAhita kara lene vAlI syAdvAdamayI vANI, kAyika ahiMsA ke lie gRhacArI ke lie aNuvrata evaM muniyoM ke lie mahAvrata kA AcaraNa vyapadiSTa haiM / vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA / 51

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sUkSma dRSTi se anekAMta, syAdvAda aura aparigraha ahiMsA ke hI rUpAntara hai| DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla ne likhA-'ahiMsA kI hI divya jyoti, vicAra ke kSetra meM anekAMta, vacana vyavahAra ke kSetra meM syAdvAda aura sAmAjika tathA AtmazAMti ke kSetra meM alpa parigraha yA aparigraha ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| ye saba paraspara aMtaH saMbaddha hai|'' prastuta maMtavya meM jaina darzana ke maulika siddhAMtoM kA samAveza hai| jaina dharma ke mukhya siddhAMta-ahiMsA, anekAMta aura aparigraha hai| jaina graMthoM meM ahiMsA ke Antarika vikAsa kI cAra vidhiyAM batalAyI jinheM bhAvanAoM ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gyaa| maitrI, pramoda (muditA), kArUNya (karuNA) aura mAdhyasthya (upekssaa)| inakI ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM kyA bhUmikA rahatI hai, yaha vimarzanIya hai| pramoda bhAvanA kA artha hai-jina vyaktiyoM meM jo acchAiyA~ haiM, jo sadguNa haiM aura jo yogyatAe~ haiM unheM dekhakara prasanna honaa| mana meM pramoda kI anubhUti krnaa| kAruNya bhAvanA-ahiMsA ke vikAsa hetu, 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' ke tattva kI pahacAna ho| isake lie kAruNya bhAvanA manuSya meM sahAnubhUti aura AtmIyatA ko vikasita karatI hai| jo vyakti ajJAnI hai, vyasanagrasta hai, duHkha aura dAridraya se klAMta hai, unake duHkha ko dUra karane kI abhilASA kAruNya bhAvanA kahalAtI hai| mAdhyastha bhAvanA kA darzana hai upekSA bhAva kA vikaas| apane Apa para saMyama rakhanA ahiMsA kA prathama aMga hai| vikaTa samaya meM bhI jo saMtulita raha sakatA hai vahI ahiMsA ke marma ko pahacAnatA hai| sAmAjika dharAtala para bhI isakA apanA mahattva hai| ye bhAvanAeM ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM yogabhUta banatI haiN| inakA vikAsa sAmAjika pariveza ko pavitra banAne meM mahatvapUrNa hai| jaina darzana kI ahiMsA se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki isameM kaThoratA aura sugamatA kA apUrva saMgama hai| yadyapi jaina ahiMsA ko Ama dhAraNA meM kaThora mAnA jAtA hai para vAstavikatA isase bhinna hai| jaina dharma sAkSAt draSTA dvArA pratipAdita dharma hone se usameM hiMsA-ahiMsA kA sUkSma viveka kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI jaina dharmAvalaMbI sAdhaka kA sarvocca dhyeya 'mukti' kA varaNa hone se usakI prApti hetu akhaMDa (sUkSma) ahiMsA kI sAdhanA anivArya batalAI gayI hai| bauddha darzana meM ahiMsA ahiMsA kA pratipAdana Astika darzana kI dhurA hai| sabhI Astika darzana ise apane-apane ciMtana se paribhASita evaM vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| bauddhadarzana meM-dasa kuzala dharma svIkRta haiM unameM ahiMsA kA prathama sthAna hai| yadyapi bauddha dharma karuNA ke lie prasiddha hai, para ahiMsA kA vimarza usameM bilkula hI na ho aisA nahIM hai| bhagavAna buddha ne ahiMsA ko paribhASita karate hue likhA-'trasa aura sthAvara sabakI ghAta na karanA ahiMsA hai, vahI AryatA hai|' spaSTatayA bauddha ahiMsA meM prANavadha kA niSedha pratipAdita hai| sAtha hI AryatA kA lakSaNa bhI ahiMsA hI bnii| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA- 'jaMgama aura sthAvara prANiyoM kA prANavadha na svayaM kareM na kisI anya se karavAeM aura na kisI karane vAle kA anamodana kreN| 92 yaha ahiMsA kI sUkSma mImAMsA kA sAkSI hai| isameM kRta, kArita aura anumodana kI kriyA rUpa ahiMsA kA pratipAdana hai| bhagavAna buddha ne ahiMsA ke vikAsa hetu nAnA prakAra ke upadeza prANIjagat meM diye| unhoMne kahA-'jisake hRdaya meM dayA nahIM use zUdra hI samajhanA caahie| cAhe vaha kisI bhI kula meM utpanna 52 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kyoM na ho / ' dayA se tAtparya ahiMsA - karuNA kI bhAvanA se hai| jisake hRdaya meM vaha nahIM hai vaha ucca kula meM paidA hone para bhI zudra hI kahalAyegA / spaSTa rUpa se manuSya dayA ke pariNAmoM se mahAn banatA hai na ki kisI jAti vizeSa meM janma lene se / buddha kI dRSTi meM 'saMsAra meM nAma - gotra kalpita hai va vyavahAra mAtra hai|' isa saMdarbha meM bhagavAn buddha ke hRdaya meM vyApta asIma prANIjagat ke prema bhAva ko jAna sakate haiN| nAma - gotra ke AdhAra para kisI ko zreSTha yA hIna mAnanA bhUla hai / ye to mAtra upacAra haiN| UparI taura para bauddha darzana meM ahiMsA kA sUkSma svarUpa najara nahIM AtA para, aisI bAta nahIM hai / bhagavAn buddha ne prANIjagat meM vyApta daMDa evaM mauta kI bhaya saMjJA ko jAnA aura usI ke AdhAra para ahiMsA kA pratipAdana kiyA- 'daNDa se saba Darate haiM, mRtyu se saba bhaya karate haiN| dUsaroM ko apanI taraha jAnakara, manuSya kisI dUsare ko na mAre, na mrvaae| 3 prastuta maMtavya se spaSTa hai ki para-prANa vyaparopaNa kA niSedha AtmatulA ke dharAtala para huA hai / bauddha darzana meM ahiMsA kI pahu~ca-pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati taka pahu~cI yA nahIM kahanA kaThina hai| para vinayapiTaka meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai - jAna bUjhakara prANi yukta (anachAne) pAnI pIne vAle bhikSu ko 'pAcittiya' doSa lagatA hai|" yaha nirdeza bauddha darzana meM ahiMsA ke sUkSma rUpa ko prakaTa karatA hai / janma-mRtyu ke cakravyUha se nikalane hetu bhagavAn buddha ne tapasyA rUpa sAdhanA ko apanAyA / unakA jJAna cAra Arya satyoM meM nihita hai - 1. duHkha hai / 2. duHkha kA kAraNa hai, 3. duHkha kA nirodha hai / 4. duHkha nirodhagAminI pratipada arthAt sAdhana hai / unhoMne jagat ke duHkhoM se chUTane ke lie aSTAMgamArga kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / buddha kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA kI carcA utanI mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai jitanI kI duHkha mukti kA viSaya hai / bhagavAn buddha ne jisa ahiMsA kA pratipAdana kiyA usakA svarUpa karuNA va maitrI pradhAna hai| mahAprajJa ne likhA- 'gautama buddha ke anusAra maitrI aura karuNA arthAt prANImAtra ke prati prema aura sabhI jIvoM ke prati dayA kA bhAva hI ahiMsA hai| unhoMne ahiMsAtmaka karma ko samyak karma batalAyA hai tathA ahiMsA ke mArga meM bAdhaka zastra, prANI, mAMsa, madirA aura viSa ke vyApAra ko tyAjya kahA hai| '' vimarzataH bauddha darzana kI ahiMsA kA AdhArabhUta tattva maitrI aura karuNA hai / ataH jitanA vizleSaNa karuNA kA huA utanA ahiMsA kA nahIM ho skaa| kiMtu ahiMsA evaM karUNA ko kabhI pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / bauddha darzana meM ahiMsA kA upadeza karuNA kI bhAvanA se niSpanna pratIta hotA hai / ahiMsA svataMtra na hokara karuNA kI bhAvanA se anusyUta hone kA mukhya kAraNa vyavahArika honA bhI lagatA hai / vartamAna kI samasyAoM se nipaTane ke lie sAmAjika dharAtala para ahiMsA ko utArane meM karUNA kA avalambana mahattvapUrNa hai| yoga darzana meM ahiMsA vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA kI paribhASA, vyAkhyA- vizleSaNa apane-apane abhimata ke anurUpa kI gaI hai / para isakA mUla Azaya prAyaH milatA julatA hai / pAtaMjala yoga darzana meM 'saba prakAra se saba kAloM meM saba prANiyoM ke prati anabhidroha yAnI avaira ahiMsA hai| isa paribhASA meM ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA anabhidroha ke AdhAra para kI gaI / droha kA nibaMdha yA abhAva hI ahiMsA hai / droha kA artha hai - dUsaroM kA ahita ciMtana, pratihiMsA kA bhAva, vaira, dveSa, aparAdha yA jAna se maarnaa| isake viparIta dUsaroM kA ahita na karanA, badale kI bhAvanA na rakhanA, zatrutA - vidveSa nahIM rakhanA, para ke prati aparAdha nahIM karanA tathA unakA prANa haraNa nahIM karanA ahiMsA hai| vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA / 53

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_ 'sarvathA' kA artha saba prakAra se ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA yAnI mana, vacana, karma-sabhI prakAra se dUsaroM kI hiMsA nahIM krnaa| isakA abhiprAya hai jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM-vyaktigata, sAmAjika, rASTrIya, aMtarrASTrIya, Arthika, zaikSaNika ityAdi saMdarbho meM ahiMsA kA pAlana kiyA jaay| ___ 'sarvadA' kAla sUcaka pada hai| isakA abhiprAya hai ahiMsA kA pAlana binA kisI apavAda ke sadaiva vAMchanIya hai| yoga darzana ke praNetA maharSi pataMjali ne ahiMsA ke kriyAtmaka svarUpa para prakAza DAlA- 'ahiMsA pratiSThita vyakti kI sannidhi meM saba prANI vairavihIna bana jAte haiN|' +7 yaha ahiMsA kA hI mAhAtmya hai ki isako dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti, mahApuruSa kA AbhAmaMDala itanA pavitra evaM maitrI kI taraMgoM se AplAvita ho jAtA hai ki usake prabhAva kSetra meM baiThane vAle janmajAta vairI bhI nirvera bana jAte . haiN| isakA Agamika udAharaNa hai-bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanA sunane sabhI hiMsaka-ahiMsaka siMha aura bakarI Adi kA eka sAtha baitthnaa| ahiMsA kA svarUpa vibhinna rUpoM meM milatA hai| yoga dRSTi samuccaya meM mitrA dRSTi ke antargata yama kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jisameM hiMsA-ahiMsA kA tAttvika svarUpa samajhane ke lie usake tIna prakAra batalAye gaye-'hetu ahiMsA, svarUpa ahiMsA, anubaMdha ahiNsaa| . hetu ahiMsA-jIva kI yatanA evaM jayaNA karanA, bacAne kI tAkata rkhnaa| . svarUpa ahiMsA-jIva kI ghAta na karanA, prANoM kA haraNa na krnaa| . anubaMdha ahiMsA-jo ahiMsA phala rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai vaha anubaMdha ahiMsA hai| isI se ahiMsA kI paMraparA calatI hai| pAtaMjala yoga sUtra ke bhASyakAra kI dRSTi meM ahiMsaka aura dayAlu meM koI bheda nahIM hai- 'jo ahiMsaka hai, vahI dayAlu hai aura jo dayAlu hai vahI ahiMsaka hai| ahiMsAtmaka dayA kA hI bhagavata-prApti rUpa phala hotA hai|' Azaya rUpa meM ahiMsA kA pUrNa pAlana svarUpa prApti, Atma darzana kA kAraka hotA hai| ___ yoga darzana meM ahiMsA ke vikAsAtmaka svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana nahIM miltaa| usameM daHkhoM kI paraMparA ke aMta hetu paMca kleza para vijaya prApti kA ullekha nitAMta ahiMsAtmaka hai| ahiMsA kI utkRSTa sAdhanA ke binA kleza mukti saMbhava nahIM hai| yadyapi bhASyakAra ne ahiMsA kA pratyakSa rUpa se koI ullekha nahIM kiyA para isakA bhAvArtha yahI jJApita karatA hai| vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA ke svarUpa para apanA abhimata prakaTa karate hue kozakAra zrImad vijaya rAjendra sUrIzvara ne kahA- 'ahiMsA kA svarUpa anya darzanoM meM vaisA nahIM jaisA jaina darzana meM hai| sAMkhya darzana meM ahiMsA mokSa prApti kA pradhAna aMga rahI hai phira bhI pa~ca yamoM ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ko svIkArA hai| zAkya darzana meM dasa kuzala dharma meM ahiMsA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vaizeSika evaM vaidika dharma meM ahiMsA kA sUkSma svarUpa nahIM miltaa|' isake AdhAra para vibhinna dharmoM meM ahiMsA ke svarUpa ko jAna sakate haiN| vibhinna darzanoM meM ahiMsA kA jo svarUpa hai vaha apane Apa meM maulika hai| dArzanikoM kI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI soca virAT hai| virATtA kA hetu hai-prANI jagat ke prati karuNA, maitrI aura Atmaupamya kA bodh| ataH ahiMsA ke pratipAdana kI zailI bhinna-bhinna hone para bhI mUla tattva 'na mAranA' sabhI ko iSTa hai| vimarzataH sabhI Astika darzanoM ne ahiMsA ko sAdhanA, soca evaM AcaraNa pakSa meM sthAna dekara isake vikAsAtmaka svarUpa ko prazasta kiyA hai| 54 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka ahiMsA virAT svarUpA hai| isakA astitva aneka rUpoM meM vibhinna saMdarbho meM vidyamAna hai| zabda se mAtra 'na+hiMsA-ahiMsA' ati sugama pratIta hotA hai| para, isakA vAcyArtha bahuta vyApaka hai| ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA meM isake vividha AyAma samAye huye haiN| prastuta saMdarbha meM maulika binduoM kA vimarza abhISTa hai| ahiMsA aura dayA AgamoM meM ahiMsA ke lie athavA isake paryAyavAcI ke taura para 'dayA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA aura dayA donoM eka haiN| zabda utpatti kI dRSTi se donoM meM bheda jAna par3atA hai| artha kI dRSTi se pApa se bacane yA bacAne kI jo vRtti hai, vahI ahiMsA hai aura vahI dayA hai| yadi inako pRthak karanA cAheM to 'nivRtyAtmaka ahiMsA' ko ahiMsA evaM satpravRtyAtmaka ahiMsA ko dayA kaha sakate haiN| TIkAkAra malayagiri ne dayA kA artha-'dayA-dehi-rakSA' dehadhArI jIvoM kI rakSA karanA kiyA hai| yaha ucita bhI hai kyoMki ahiMsA (prANAtipAt-viramaNa) meM jIva-rakSA apane Apa hotI hai| AcArya bhikSu ne likhA-'tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se SaTkAyika jIvoM ko mArane kA zuddha mana se tyAga karanA, yahI pUrNa dayA bhagavAn ne kahI hai, isase pApa-Agamana ke dvAra rukate haiN| 100 yaha ahiMsA kA vizuddha svarUpa hai| ahiMsA aura dayA kA aMtara saMbaMdha hai, eka ke binA dUsarI apUrNa hai| prANI mAtra ke prati jo saMyama hai, vaha ahiMsA hai| prANimAtra ke prati jo maitrIbhAva hai, unheM pIr3ita karane kA prasaMga Ate hI hRdaya meM eka kaMpana hotA hai, vaha dayA hai| dayA ke binA ahiMsA Tika nahIM sakatI aura ahiMsA ke binA dayA ho nahIM sktii| ina donoM meM avinAbhAva saMbaMdha hai| dharma kA mUla ahiMsA hai kyoMki vaha dayAmaya-pravRttirUpa hotA hai| yaha ahiMsA aura dayA kI abhinnatA kA digdarzana hai| donoM kA saMbaMdha eka hI bindu se jur3A huA hai, vaha lakSya hai-vRtti privrtn| 'ahiMsA aura dayA kA saMbaMdha vRtti parivartana se hai|' hiMsAmayI AMtarika vRtti kA parivartana donoM kA samAna lakSya hai| karuNA aura dayAdra mAnasa hI ahiMsA kI anupAlanA meM saphala banatA hai| 'ahiMsA kA pAlana vahI kara sakatA hai, jisakA mana dayA se bhIgA huA ho| para sAdhana kI vikRti se dayA bhI vikRta bana jAtI hai| eka AdamI mUlI khA rahA hai| dUsare ke mana meM mUlI ke jIvoM ke prati dayA utpanna huii| usane bala prayoga kiyA aura jo mUlI khA rahA thA usake hAtha se vaha chIna lii| dayA kA yaha zuddha sAdhana nahIM hai| 101 spaSTa rUpa se hiMsaka vahI hotA hai jo hiMsA kare, jisake mana meM hiMsA kA ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 55

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bhAva ho; aura ahiMsaka bhI vahI hotA hai jo ahiMsA kA pAlana kare, jisake mana meM ahiMsA kA bhAva ho| balAt kisI ko hiMsaka yA ahiMsaka nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| dayA AMtarika anubhUti hai thopA huA siddhAMta nhiiN| AcArya bhikSu ne kahA-'ahiMsA mahAvrata hai, dayA usameM samAI huI hai| ahiMsA se alaga dayA nahIM hai|' arthAt muni pUrNa ahiMsA ke saMvAhaka hai ataH unakI dayA kA kSetra vistRta hai| muni ke lie yahA~ taka ullekha hai ki saba jIvoM kI dayA ke nimitta muni apane liye banAyA huA bhojana bhI na le| isa prakAra sUkSma hiMsA se bacane kA nirdeza ahiMsA kI akhaMDa ArAdhanA hetu hI kiyA gayA hai| dayA ke do rUpa haiM-laukika aura lokottara / laukika dayA kA saMbaMdha karttavya se hai| sAmAjika prANI kA jo karttavya samAja ke prati hai use ahiMsA aura dharma kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA vaha laukika dayA kI koTi meM A sakatA hai| laukika dayA ke sAtha ahiMsA kI vyApti nahIM hai, isalie ahiMsA aura laukika dayA bhinna-bhinna haiN| lokottara dayA aura ahiMsA kI nizcita vyApti hai-jahA~ dayA hai vahA~ ahiMsA hai aura jahA~ ahiMsA hai vahA~ dayA hai| isa dRSTi se ahiMsA aura dayA eka hai| lokottara dayA kA svarUpa isa rUpa meM jAna sakate haiM- 'eka vyakti pApa kA AcaraNa kara rahA ho, use koI samajhAe, usakA hRdaya badala de, vaha janma-maraNa ke kueM meM girane se bacatA hai| yaha dayA kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa hai|' arthAt ahiMsA kI dRSTi meM mArane vAlA pApa se bace, usakI hiMsA chTe, mArane vAlA hiMsA ke pApa se baca jAe, aisI karuNA yA dayA hI ahiMsA hai| laukika dayA aura upakAra ke saMbaMdha ko prakaTa karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA-jisameM saMyama aura asaMyama kA vicAra pradhAna na ho, kiMtu karuNA hI pradhAna ho, vaha laukika dayA hai| jahAM karuNA saMyama se anuprANita ho, vaha lokottara dayA hai| agni meM jalate hue ko kisI ne bacAyA, kueM meM girate hue ko kisI ne ubArA-vaha laukika upakAra hai|102 spaSTa rUpa se laukika dayA aura upakAra kA saMbaMdha hai para lokottara kA saMbaMdha ina donoM se nahIM hai| lokottara dayA kA AcaraNa vizuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTi para hI keMdrita hai| isakI pUrNa ArAdhanA kara mumukSu apanI maMjila kA varaNa kara letA hai| isakA udAharaNa uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM milatA hai-'sAgara cakravartI sAgara paryaMta bhAratavarSa aura pUrNa aizvarya ko chor3a ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA kara mukta huaa|103 yahAM ahiMsA dayA ke artha meM prayukta huI hai| ahiMsA yukta dayA ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiM jinameM pramukha hai-hAthI ke bhava meM meghakumAra dvArA kI gaI dayA, nemikumAra kA vivAha prasaMga se prANiyoM para dayA kara vApisa avivAhita mur3a jAnA, gajasukumAla dvArA agnikAya ke jIvoM para dayAdra hokara niSprakaMpa khar3e rahanA aadi| vizuddha ahiMsA niSTha dayA ke aneka udAharaNa bhare haiN| laukika dayA ke bhI aneka udAharaNa milate haiM usameM chadmastha avasthA meM mahAvIra dvArA gozAlaka kI tejolezyA se rakSA karanA bhI sammilita hai| jisakA prasaMga sAvadya anukaMpA se jur3A huA hai| gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ke lie 'dayA' zabda kA prayoga yadA-kadA kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsA aura dayA meM nitAMta bheda nahIM hai| 'ahiMsA aura dayA meM utanA hI bheda hai jitanA sone meM aura sone ke gahanoM meM, bIja meM aura vRkSa meN| jahAM dayA nahIM vahAM ahiMsA nhiiN| ataH yoM kaha sakate haiM ki jisameM jitanI dayA hai utanI hI ahiMsA hai|10 spaSTa hai ki dayAzUnya ahiMsA aura ahiMsA zUnya dayA kabhI nahIM ho sktii| donoM kA paraspara AMtarika saMbaMdha hai| AkramaNakArI kA Darakara sAmanA na karanA ahiMsA nahIM hai apitu dayA-bhAva se jJAnapUrvaka na mArane meM hI ahiMsA hai| 56 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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niSkriya-sakriya ahiMsA isakA svarUpa vidhi evaM niSedha pradhAna hai / niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA meM kevala hiMsA kA varjana hotA hai, vidheyAtmaka ahiMsA meM sat kriyAtmaka sakriyatA hotI hai| sUkSma dRSTi se dekheM to hiMsA na karane vAlA yadi Antarika pravRttiyoM ko zuddha na kare to, vaha ahiMsA na hogI / isalie niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA meM satpravRtti kI apekSA banI rahatI hai / sat pravRtyAtmaka ahiMsA meM hiMsA kA niSedha honA Avazyaka hai / isalie binA koI pravRtti sat yA ahiMsA nahIM ho sakatI, yaha nizcaya dRSTi kI bAta hai / vyavahAra meM niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA ko niSkriya ahiMsA aura vidheyAtmaka ahiMsA ko sakriya ahiMsA kahA jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA meM vidhi aura niSedha ubhaya rUpa prakaTa hote haiM - 'mahAvIra pravRtti rUpa ahiMsA kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai, kiMtu saba pravRtti ahiMsA nahIM hotI / cAritra meM jo pravRtti hai vahI ahiMsA hai / ahiMsA ke kSetra meM AtmalakSI pravRtti kA vidhAna hai aura saMsAra lakSI yA para padArtha - lakSI pravRtti kA niSedha / ye donoM kramazaH vidhi rUpa ahiMsA aura niSedha rUpa ahiMsA banate haiN| 106 isakA samanvita prayoga - 'saba jIvoM ko apane samAna samajho aura kisI ko hAni mata pahu~cAo' - ' - ina zabdoM meM ahiMsA kA dvayarthI siddhAMta-vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka sannihita hai| vidheyAtmaka meM ekatA kA saMdeza hai - 'saba meM apane Apako dekho / ' niSedhAtmaka usase dhvanita hotA hai - 'kisI ko bhI hAni mata pahuMcAo saba meM apane Apako dekhane kA artha hai - sabako hAni pahuMcAne se bacanA / ' rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRtti na karanA, prANavadha na karanA yA pravRtti mAtra kA niSedha karanA niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA hai| satpravRtti karanA, svAdhyAya, adhyAtma- sevA, upadeza, jJAna carcA Adi Atma hitakArI kriyA karanA vidheyAtmaka ahiMsA hai / niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA meM kevala hiMsA kA varjana hotA hai, vidheyAtmaka ahiMsA meM sat-kriyAtmaka sakriyatA hotI hai / spaSTatayA - 'ahiMsA kA AcaraNa, yaha vidheyAtmaka vRtti hai| hiMsA kA varjana, yaha niSedhAtmaka vRtti hai|' isase jAhira hai ki mAtra nivRtti hI ahiMsA nahIM hai, pravRtti bhI ahiMsA hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke TippaNa meM ullekha hai ki 'manogupti mAnasika ahiMsA kA vacana gupti vAcika ahiMsA kA aura kAyagupti kAyika ahiMsA kA prAyogika rUpa hai / ' ahiMsA kA niSkriya aura sakriya svarUpa vibhinna dRSTi se niSpanna hai / naizcayika aura vyAvahArika ahiMsA ke ye donoM mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai / 'naizcayika ahiMsA kevala vyakti kI antaHcetanA se saMbaMdha rakhatI hai| vaha nitAMta vaiyaktika hotI hai / vyAvahArika ahiMsA kI sAdhanA samAja ke saMdarbha meM hotI hai| hajAroM-hajAroM AdamI eka sAtha raheM aura dUsaroM ko kSati na pahu~cAeM - yaha vyAvahArika ahiMsA hai / yaha samAja kI AdhAra bhitti hai| 107 naizcayika ahiMsA kA jitanA vikAsa hogA vyakti utanA hI maitrI karuNAmaya banegA / vyAvahArika ahiMsA kA vikAsa sAmAjika stara para jitanA hogA samAja meM samarasatA bddh'egii| dUsaroM ke A~suoM para apanI snigdhatA ko na bar3hAne kA saMkalpa samAja kI roga pratirodhaka zakti hai| isakA vikAsa nizcayaniSTa hokara vyavahAra ke dharAtala para kAryakArI banatA hai / ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 57

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artha hiMsA anartha hiMsA ahiMsA ke kSetra meM 'alpa hiMsA karo' aisA nirdeza nahIM miltaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hiMsA ke do vibhAga kiye haiM-artha hiMsA anartha hiNsaa| Azaya svarUpa anartha hiMsA se avazya bco| artha hiMsA se jisa aMza taka bacanA saMbhava ho bco| isakA saMvAdI mahAtmA gAMdhI kA kathana-'hiMsA karane se jisa aMza taka bacanA saMbhava ho usa aMza taka bacanA sabakA dharma hai| 108 isa prakAra artha aura anartha hiMsA kA saMbaMdha jIvana kI anivAryatA evaM suvidhA bhoga se jur3A huA hai| ataH jisake binA jIvana cala hI na sake aisI avasthA kA vikalpa artha hiMsA meM nihita hai para anartha se jitanA ho sake bacanA mahattvapUrNa hai| pAramArthika evaM vyAvahArika ahiMsA ahiMsA kI sUkSma samajha hetu vibhinna bhedoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| pAramArthika ahiMsA, vAstavika ahiMsA se prabhAvita nahIM hogI taba taka samAja meM cala rahI hiMsA ko kama nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| pAramArthika ahiMsA kyA hai? vAstavika ahiMsA kyA hai? mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-'pAramArthika ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai aatmaa| saba AtmAoM kI samAnatA, jaisI merI AtmA hai vaisI hI anya prANI kI aatmaa| na kevala manuSya kI AtmA para hara prANI kI AtmA vaisI hai jaisI kI merii| yaha AtmA kI samAnatA kA siddhAMta hI pAramArthika ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| jaisI sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti merI hai vaisI hI saba prANiyoM kI hai|' isa cetanAnubhUti se bhAvita AtmA kA prazasta ciMtana banatA hai-mujhe kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha nahIM denA cAhie, satAnA nahIM cAhie, kisI kA adhikAra nahIM chInanA cAhie aura kisI ko mAranA nahIM caahie| isa anubhUti ke abhAva meM pAramArthika ahiMsA kA vikAsa asaMbhava hai| jaba taka usa ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA taba taka samAja meM jo viSamatA chInAjhapaTI. laTa-khasauTa. mAra-dhADa. cala rahI hai. eka dasare para prahAra aura kaSTa dene kA vyavahAra cala rahA hai use na baMda kiyA jA sakatA hai na hI kama kiyA jA sakatA hai| mahattvapUrNa prazna hai pAramArthika ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA? ise kaise vikasita kiyA jAye? AcArya mahAprajJa kA maMtavya hai- 'pAramArthika ahiMsA kI khoja vaijJAnika upakaraNoM ke AdhAra para nahIM ho sakatI, itihAsa ke AdhAra para bhI nahIM ho sktii| vaha ho sakatI hai apanI antarAtmA ke anusaMdhAna se| maiM kyA hUM? mere bhItara kyA hai?' isa aMtara dizA kA avalokana karane vAlA ubharane vAlI vRttiyoM ko jAna letA hai, usake lie yaha rahasya nahIM raha pAtA ki kauna-kaunasI vRttiyAM hiMsA ko ubhAra rahI haiN| kyA ina vRttiyoM kA zamana kiyA jA sakatA hai? jaba taka AdhyAtmika vizleSaNa nahIM hogA samasyA banI rhegii| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA prazna hamAre aMtaHkaraNa se jur3A huA hai to bAhara se bhI jur3A huA hai| jahA~ svArtha, lobha, upayogitA kA prazna prabala hotA hai vahA~ apriya ghaTanAeM ghaTita hotI haiN| Aja sAre samAja kI jIvana zailI vyAvahArika ahiMsA se prabhAvita jIvana zailI hai| isalie jaba kabhI hiMsA bhar3aka uThatI hai, samAja, jAti, saMpradAya evaM parivAra meM jahAM tahAM hiMsA kI cinagAriyA~ uchalatI najara AtI hai| hamArI jIvana zailI jaba taka vyAvahArika ahiMsA se prabhAvita rahegI taba taka aisA hotA rhegaa|109 tathyataH jisa dina vyAvahArika ahiMsA aura pAramArthika ahiMsA-ina donoM 58 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kA saMtulana banegA usa dina samAdhAna milegA ki manuSya meM hiMsA kA janma kaise huA aura usameM ahiMsA kA kitanA vikAsa saMbhava hai? saMkalpa aura siddhi ahiMsA kI do avasthAe~-saMkalpa evaM siddhi bar3I mahattvapUrNa haiN| donoM meM bhUmikA bheda spaSTa hai| isa aMtara ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA-eka vyakti eka dina kA dIkSita sAdhu hai| usane ahiMsA kA saMkalpa liyA hai| hama nahIM kaha sakate ki usakI ahiMsA tejasvI ho gaI, usakI sAdhanA tejasvI ho gaI yA usase saMgha yA zAsana tejasvI ho gyaa| jo eka, dasa yA bIsa varSa kA dIkSita sAdhu hai jisane apanI ahiMsA ko anukUlatA, pratikUlatA, sardI-garmI Adi saba prakAra ke virodhI dvandvoM kI Aga meM pakA-pakAkara siddha kara liyA hai, usake lie hama kaha sakate haiM ki vaha svayaM tejasvI banatA hai, saMgha tejasvI banatA hai aura zAsana tejasvI banatA hai| yadi bhUmikA bheda kI bAta ko bhulAkara, sAdhu ko mAtra sAdhu mAna leM, sAdhanA ko mAtra sAdhanA hI mAna leM to bhrama paidA hogaa| usake kAlakrama se hone vAlI pariNAma zuddhi ke AdhAra para bhUmikA bheda se Ane vAle pariNAmoM para dhyAna diye bagaira koI nirNaya lenA bhUla hai| isa prakAra saMkalpa aura siddhi kI ahiMsA meM bhUmikA bheda samajha kara hI, inake AdhAra para ahiMsA kA pUrNa vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA banAma : AtmayajJa ahiMsA ko Atma-yajJa kI saMjJA kyoM aura kaba dI gayI? aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai| samAdhAna kI khoja meM kaI tathya ujAgara hote haiN| bhagavAn neminAtha ke samaya meM ahiMsA dharma kA bahuta pracAra huaa| vAsudeva kRSNa ahiMsA pradhAna jIvana jIne kI dRSTi se, sUkSma jIva aura vanaspati jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacane ke vicAra se cAturmAsa meM rAjya-sabhA kA Ayojana bhI nahIM karate the| chAndogyaupaniSad ke anusAra- 'ghora AMgirasa RSi kRSNa ke AdhyAtmika guru the| unhoMne kRSNa ko AtmayajJa kI zikSA dii| usa yajJa kI dakSiNA hai-tapazcaryA, dAna RjubhAva, ahiMsA aura satya vcn||1| isake AdhAra para yaha kalpanA banatI hai ki ghora AMgirasa bhagavAn neminAtha kA hI nAma hogaa| cUMki 'ghora' zabda jaina muniyoM ke AcAra aura tapasyA kA pratIka hai| Atma-yajJa kI preraNA kA prasaMga kyoM paidA huA? isakI pRSThabhUmi meM pAyeMge ki usa samaya yajJa prakriyA dharmArAdhanA kA eka pramukha aMga bana gyii| upaniSad meM dharmAnuSThAna ke tIna skaMdha kI carcA milatI hai, jisameM-'prathama skaMdha yajJa, dUsarA skaMdha svAdhyAya aura tIsarA dAna batalAyA hai| yajJa vihita hiMsA bhI ahiMsA meM samAhita hone lgii|' saMbhava hai usa hiMsA meM lipta janamAnasa ko pratibodha dete hue ahiMsA yajJa kI preraNA dI gii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya bhI yajJa kI paraMparA jIvita thii| yajJa meM hone vAlI ghora hiMsA va barbara nRzaMsatA se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zuddha hRdaya meM Atma saMvedana kA eka saghana jvAra phUTa pdd'aa| unakI ahiMsAtmaka vANI ne bar3e-bar3e yajJaniSTha brAhmaNoM ko ahiMsA ke patha para samArUr3ha kara naI krAMti macA dii| indrabhUti Adi gyAraha yajJavid prakAMDa vidvAnoM kA eka-eka kara mahAvIra kA ziSyatva svIkAranA dIkSita honA isakA pratyakSa pramANa hai| yajJAnuSThAna se uparata harikezabala muni ke tapobala se AkRSTa aneka brAhmaNa kumAroM ne AtmayajJa ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 59

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ke svarUpa kI jijJAsA prakaTa kii| "he kSamAzramaNa hama aisA kauna-sA yajJa adA kareM jisase hamAre kliSTa karma dUra hoN| he yajJa pUjita muni! vijJa mAnava kise zreSTha (yajJa) kahate haiM usI satpatha kA nirdeza kareM?' somadeva kI isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna kiyA-'mana aura indriyoM kA damana karane vAle chaH jIva nikAya kI hiMsA nahIM karate, mahAvratI haiM, mAna-mAyA tyAgI haiM, saMvara yukta asaMyamI jIvana kI icchA nahIM karate, jo zuci haiM aura deha ke mamatva tyAgI haiM, vaha yajJoM meM zreSTha mahAyajJa karate haiN|' mahAyajJa kA aisA svarUpa sunakara somadeva ke mana meM yajJa meM kAma Ane vAlI vastuoM ke viSaya meM jijJAsA paidA huii| prazna kiyA-'bhikSo! tumhArI jyoti-agni kaunasI hai? jyoti-sthAna (agni sthAna) kaunasA hai? ghI DAlane kI karachiyA~ kaunasI haiM? agni ko jalAne ke kaNDe kaunase haiM? IMdhana aura zAMtipATha kaunase haiM? aura kisa homa se tuma jyoti ko huta (prINita) karate ho?' isa jijJAsA ko samAhita karate hue muni ne ahiMsaka yajJa meM kAma AnevAlI sAmagrI kA citraNa kiyA-'tapa jyoti hai| jIva jyoti sthAna hai| yoga (mana, vacana aura kAyA kI sat pravRtti) ghI DAlane kI karachiyA~ haiN| zarIra agni jalAne ke kaNDe haiN| karma IMdhana hai| saMyama kI pravRtti zAMti pATha hai| isa prakAra maiM RSi-prazasta (ahiMsaka) homa karatA huuN|112 harikezabala muni ke mukha se ahiMsaka mahAyajJa kA citraNa sunakara brAhmaNa kumAra hiMsaka yajJa se vimukha hokara ahiMsA ke rAjapatha para cala pdd'e| yaha hiMsA para ahiMsA kI sarvatomukhI vijaya thii| ghora hiMsA sarvathA ahiMsA meM badala gyii| isa prakAra hiMsaka yajJa ke unmUlana meM ahiMsaka yajJa kI sthApanA huii| saMbhava hai ki isa prarUpaNA ke AdhAra para ahiMsA kA apara nAma AtmayajJa par3A ho| ahiMsA aura brahmacarya jIvana meM ahiMsA ko pratiSThita karane ke aneka mArga haiM, unameM eka hai brahmacarya kA anushiiln| ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha brahmacarya se kaise hai ise spaSTa karate hue kahA-'ahiMsA aura brahmacarya-ye donoM sAdhanA ke AdhArabhata tattva haiN| ahiMsA avaira-sAdhanA hai| brahmacarya jIvana kI pavitratA hai| avaira bhAva ke binA Atma sAmya kI anubhUti aura pavitratA ke binA vikAsa kA mArga darzana nahIM ho sktaa|' brahmacarya kA artha hai mana aura indriya kA sNym| brahmacarya kA eka vyApaka artha rahA hai ki brahma kA caraNa hotA hai, vaha hai brhmcry| brahma kA artha jJAna, paramAtmA aura gurukulavAsa meM bhI hotA hai| ahiMsA meM brahmacarya kI vyApakatA kA citraNa mahAprajJa ne kiyA- 'maiM ahiMsaka hU~, ahiMsA merA sAdhana hai, abheda merA sAdhya hai| ahiMsA satya meM vyApta hai, satya ahiMsA se| brahmacarya donoM meM vyApta hai| brahmacarya meM merI zraddhA dRr3ha hotI hai to ahiMsA aura satya kA vikAsa hotA hai| jAhira hai ki brahmacarya kI zithilatA satya aura ahiMsA ko khaMDita kara detI hai| ataH brahmacarya ko samajhe binA vyakti na satya-niSTha bana sakatA hai na hI ahiNsk| vAsanA kI zuddhi ahiMsA se hotI hai| ahiMsA yAni samatA / samatA yAni Atma-darzana / brahmacarya se ahiMsA AtI hai aura ahiMsA se brhmcry| donoM eka hI sAdhya ke do pArzva hai| inameM paurvAparya nahIM hai| brahmacarya kA saMbaMdha bhojana se bhI hai| ataH bhojana kA viveka karanA ahiMsA aura brahmacarya-ina donoM dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| jIva hiMsA kA hetubhUta AhAra jaise sadoSa hotA hai| vaise hI brahmacarya meM bAdhA DAlane vAlA AhAra bhI sadoSa hai| 60 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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brahmacarya evaM ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha ko gAMdhI ne mAtra svIkArA hI nahIM jIvana meM bhI apanAyA / unakI ahiMsA brahmacarya kI sAdhanA se niSpanna huii| unhoMne ahiMsA kI sAdhanA hetu brahmacarya ke aneka prayoga kiye| gAMdhI ke brahmacarya saMbaMdhI vicitra prayogoM ko dekhakara AcArya kRpalAnI ne likhA- 'gAMdhI jI aise vicitra prayoga kara rahe haiM / merA aisA vizvAsa hai ki maiM agara gAMdhI ko anAcAra karatA huA dekha bhI lU~ to eka bAra socUMgA merI A~kheM mujhe dhokhA gaI / ve aisA nahIM kara sakate / ' ' ' 3 jAhira hai gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM brahmacarya kI sAdhanA svIkAra kI / brahmacarya ke dvArA dhRti evaM manobala kA vikAsa hotA hai / loga Azcarya karate haiM ki gAMdhI kA eka muTThIbhara haDDI kA zarIra thA / itanA dubalA-patalA, sundara bhI nahIM the| camakatA huA ceharA bhI nahIM thA / kiMtu manobala itanA thA ki bar3I se bar3I sattA ke sAmane kabhI jhukane yA Darane kI bAta nahIM AtI thI / jahA~ marane kI bAta hotI - sabase Age hote / kabhI mana meM bhaya nahIM hotA ki maiM mArA jAU~gA / brahmacarya se Atma-vizvAsa, manobala paidA hotA hai / yaha sUkSma zakti brahmacarya kI hai| isake dvArA AMtarika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai / ahiMsA aura aparigraha kI vyApti 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH ahiMsA paramaM dAnam' yaha ghoSa bahuta purAnA hai / Aja eka naye ghoSa kI jarUrata hai| AcArya mahAprajJa kI dRSTi meM vaha ghoSa hai - ' aparigrahaH paramo dharmaH / ' yaha parama dharma kI vyAkhyA sAmayika hai / ahiMsA aura aparigraha donoM ko alaga-alaga dekhane se pUrI bAta samajha meM nahIM AyegI / aparigraha ke binA ahiMsA ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA / ahiMsA ko samajhane ke lie aparigraha ko samajhanA jarUrI hai aura aparigraha ko samajhane ke liye ahiMsA ko samajhanA jarUrI hai / 'ahiMsA aura aparigraha kA eka jor3A hai, use kATa diyA gyaa| use vApisa jor3akara hI hama samAdhAna kI dizA meM Age bar3ha sakate haiN| jisa dina 'aparigraha paramo dharmaH' svara bulaMda hogA, Arthika samasyA kA samAdhAna upalabdha ho jaaegaa|' 14 isa kathana meM bahuta bar3e satya kA nidarzana hai / ahiMsA aura aparigraha kI ekAtmakatA ko bhUlAne kA pariNAma nikalA - ahiMsA na mArane ke siddhAMta meM simaTa gayI / aparigraha usakI AtmA hai; isakI vismRti ho gaI / ahiMsA aparigraha se mukta ho gaI aura aparigraha ahiMsA se vimukta ho gayA / parigraha aura hiMsA kI ekAtmakatA hai vaise hI aparigraha aura ahiMsA kI ekAtmakatA hai| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- 'aparigraha ke binA ahiMsA asaMbhava hai ahiMsA ke binA aparigraha asaMbhava hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI krAMnti kA mukhya sUtra hai - aparigraha aura ahiMsA kI eka Asana para eka sAtha upasthiti / ' mahAvIra ne hiMsA ke mUla ko pkdd'aa| hiMsA hotI hai parigraha ke lie / parigraha ke binA hiMsA kA koI prayojana nahIM hotA / parigraha ke lie hiMsA hai, hiMsA ke lie parigraha nahIM hai / prakaTatayA hiMsA kA mukhya kAraNa hai parigraha / koI ahiMsA karanA cAhe aura aparigraha karanA na cAhe, yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai 1 icchA, hiMsA aura parigraha - tInoM meM paraspara saMbaMdha / Arthika viSamatA ke calate samAja meM hiMsA bddh'egii| Arthika samAnatA rahegI to samAja meM hiMsA kama hogI, ahiMsA kA vikAsa hogaa| eka aura sAmyavAdI vicAradhArA ke pravartaka mArksa ne isa bindu para dhyAna kendrita kiyA to dUsarI ora ahiMsA ke prabala samarthaka mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI isa viSaya para ciMtana-maMthana kiyaa| mArksa ahiMsA kI dRSTi se mukhya vicAraka nahIM the| gAMdhI ke pAsa ahiMsA ke ciMtana ke alAvA koI vikalpa nahIM ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 61

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thaa| kiMtu donoM kA ciMtana bindu eka rahA aura vaha hai Arthika smaantaa| isa bindu para gAMdhI va mArksa donoM ne vicAra kiyA, Arthika samAnatA kI praNAliyAM prastuta ho gii| ___lobha aura krUratA meM ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| AtmAnubhUti ke binA krUratA nahIM miTatI, karuNA kA vikAsa nahIM hotaa| vizva zAMti kI rAha meM Arthika samasyA eka bahuta bar3I bAdhA hai| usakA samIkaraNa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? yaha eka jaTila prazna hai| cUMki pratyeka rASTra kI apanI AkA~kSA-icchA hai| ise zabdoM meM prakaTa karate hue maikeMjI ne eka pustaka likhI- 'yUnivarsa oNpha DijAyara-icchA kA jagat / icchA kA eka jagat hai aura vaha anaMta hai| kabhI usakA anta nahIM hotaa| usakA Ara pAra nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| hara kSaNa, hara vyakti meM alaga-alaga icchAeM paidA hotI rahatI haiN| 115 sAmayika saMdarbha meM asIma icchA, asIma AvazyakatA, aura asIma padArtha-isa ciMtana ke raMga meM raMgA huA hai vartamAna kA mAnasa / isI ne janma diyA hai-padArtha pradhAna saMskRti aura 'thro ave' kI jIvana zailI ko| banAo, bhogo aura pheNko| isa samasyA ke mUla ko pakar3akara eka sundara samAdhAna diyA-icchA kA parimANa kro| icchA, aparigraha aura AraMbha kA eka cakra hai| icchA alpa hogI to parigraha aura AraMbha alpa hogaa| jaba taka icchA ko nahIM pakar3eMge taba taka na vyaktigata svAmitva ke sImAkaraNa kI bAta saphala hogI, na TrasTIzipa kI bAta saphala hogii| isakI saphalatA tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba inakI pRSThabhUmi meM icchA ke sImAkaraNa kA sUtra ho| vartamAna ke pariprekSya meM parigraha aura aparigraha, Arthika samAnatA aura viSamatA kA prazna bahuta ulajhA huA hai| dharma ke pAsa samAdhAna kI eka zaktizAlI rekhA hai-icchA primaann| icchA kA parimANa karo, sImA kro| icchA parimANa kA artha hai-parigraha kA primaann| Arthika svAmitva ke sImAMkana kA yaha sUtra adhyAtma ke kSetra se udbhUta huA hai| ahiMsA ke vibhinna AyAmoM ke samyak jJAna pUrvaka hI ahiMsA ke rAjamArga para bar3hA jA sakatA hai| ina AyAmoM kA vimarza Avazyaka hai vartamAna samaya kI jo pravRttiyA~ haiM unase upajI jo samasyAe~ haiM unakA ahiMsaka samAdhAna tabhI saMbhava hai jaba hama ahiMsA ke AyAmoM ko aura adhika vyApakatA deN| yuddha aura niHzastrIkaraNa vaijJAnika yuga kA mAnava astitva rakSA ke lie becaina hai, pratipala bhayAkrAMta hai| isakA mUla kAraNa-astrazastroM kA atyAdhunika jakhIrA hai| jaivika rAsAyanika astra-zastra ke nirmANa ne mAnava kI niyati ko eka bAra phira saMzaya ke ghere meM dhakelA hai| yuddha kA mUla hai-shstriikrnn| zastrIkaraNa kI kalpanA se yuddha aura yuddha kI kalpanA se zastrIkaraNa kA grahaNa gamya hai| yuddha aura zastra donoM hI ati prAcIna kAla se astitvavAn haiN| prazna hai kyA yuddha aura zastrIkaraNa kI gati ko ahiMsA ke dvArA niyaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai? kyA ahiMsA kI zakti isa kSetra meM kAmayAba ho sakatI hai? inakA samAdhAna aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI jJAtavya hai| yuddha kA udgama sthala hai-mAnava mstissk| saMyukta rASTra saMgha kI riporTa meM yaha kathana uddhRta kiyA gayA- 'yuddha pahale mastiSka meM hotA hai phira samara bhUmi meM lar3A jAtA hai| 16 kathana ke Aloka meM yuddha kA itihAsa utanA hI purAnA hai jitanA mAnava kA apanA itihaas| itihAsa para dRSTipAta kareM to pAyeMge ki jitane bhI yuddha hue haiM ve jara, jorU aura jamIna ke kAraNa hue haiN| inake prati 62 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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dveSa ke kAraNa nahIM, balki inake prati rAga ke kAraNa hI yuddha hue haiN| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke yuddha isake aitihAsika pramANa haiN| rAma-rAvaNa kA yuddha daivika aura AsurI zakti ke saMgharSa svarUpa prasiddha hai| rAma caritamAnasa ke paSTha sopAna laGkAkANDa meM rAma-rAvaNa ke yuddha kA vistAra se varNana hai| yuddha saMbaMdhI naitika niyamoM kI jhalaka isa paMkti meM pAte haiM- 'saMdhyA hone para donoM ora kI senAeM lauTa par3I ; senApati apanIapanI senAeM saMbhAlane lge| dUsarI ora rAma kA rAvaNa ke sAtha yuddha asIma manobala kA ra hai| binA yuddha sAmagrI ke bhI yuddha sAmagrI saMpanna kisI bhI samudAya, vyakti yA rASTra se lar3anA apane ApameM atula Atmazakti kA paricAyaka hai| zastra yukta evaM viyukta dvaidha dekhakara kisI bhI vyakti ke mana meM saMdeha paidA honA svAbhAvika hai| aisA hI saMdeha rAmapakSa ko dekhakara vibhISaNa ke mana meM paidA huA thA-'rAvaNa ko rathArUr3ha evaM radhuvIra ko binA ratha ke dekhakara vibhISaNa adhIra ho gaye, mana saMdeha se bhara gayA aura bola par3e-he nAtha! Apake na ratha hai, na rakSA karane vAlA kavaca hai aura na jUte hI haiN| vaha balavIra rAvaNa kisa prakAra jItA jAyegA?17 yaha suna rAma ne vibhISaNa kI mAnasika vyathA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue gUr3ha tathya kA udghATana kiyA jo unakI jIvaMta ahiMsA AsthA kA sabUta hai| rAma kI dRSTi meM vijayazrI pradAna karavAne vAle ratha kA svarUpa thA-zaurya aura dhairya usa ratha ke pahiye haiN| satya aura zIla (sadAcAra) usakI majabUta dhvajA aura patAkA hai| bala, viveka, dama (indriyoM kA vaza meM honA) aura paropakAra-ye cAra usake ghor3e haiN| jo kSamA, dayA aura samatArUpI DorI se ratha meM jor3e hue haiN| Izvara kA bhajana hI (usa ratha ko calAne vAlA) catura sArathI hai| vairAgya DhAla hai aura saMtoSa talavAra hai| dAna pharasA hai, buddhi pracaMDa zakti hai, zreSTha vijJAna kaThina dhanuSa hai| nirmala (pApa rahita) aura acala sthira mana tarakasa ke samAna hai| zama (mana kA vaza meM honA) (ahiMsAdi) yama aura zaucAdi niyama ye bahuta se bANa, brAhmaNoM aura guru kA pUjana abhedya kavaca hai| isake samAna vijaya kA dUsarA upAya nahIM hai| he sakhe! aisA dharmamaya ratha jisake ho usake liye jItane ko kahIM zatru hI nahIM hai| jisake pAsa aisA dRr3ha ratha ho, vaha vIra saMsAra (janma-mRtyu) rUpI mahAn durjaya zatru ko bhI jIta sakatA hai| (rAvaNa kI to bAta hI kyA hai|)18 rAma ne pAzvika bala para Atmika bala se vijaya paayii| rAma kI vijaya kahAnI anaitikatA kI tAkata ke bIca naitikatA kI vijaya patAkA kI sAkSI hai| prAcIna kAla meM kucha loga yuddha ko protsAhana dete the| saMskRta sAhitya meM isa viSaya ke aneka sUkta Aja bhI upalabdha haiM 'jite ca labhyate lakSmI, mRte cApi suraaNgnaa| kSaNabhaMgurako dehaH, kA cintA maraNe rnne||' arthAt yuddha meM marane vAlA svarga meM jAtA hai| isa mAnyatA ko bahuta vyApaka rUpa diyA gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ukta mAnyatA kA khaMDana kiyaa| unhoMne yuddha ke mUla kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA aura usakI jar3a ko siMcana na mile vaisI vidhiyoM kA nirdeza diyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra isa saMsAra meM ahiMsA ke sabase bar3e pravartaka hue haiN| unhoMne ahiMsA ko jitanA mUlya diyA, utanA mahattva kisI ko nahIM diyaa| mahAvIra yuddha kI bhASA meM bole, lar3AI kI bhASA meM bole, jaya aura parAjaya kI ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 63

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bhASA meM bole ? eka ora ahiMsA kA sUkSma vivecana, dUsarI ora yuddha kI bhASA kA prayoga / ina donoM meM saMgati kahA~ hai? manovaijJAnika batalAte haiM - yuddha eka maulika manovRtti hai| manovijJAna meM caudaha maulika manovRttiyA~ mAnI gaI hai| unameM eka hai yuddha / kyA phira ye mAnA jAe-mahAvIra meM bhI yaha maulika manovRtti vidyamAna thI / " mahAvIra meM yuddha kI maulika manovRtti svIkArane para bhI usakI maulikatA Ama soca se bhinna hai| mahAvIra ne dUsare ke sAtha lar3ane kI bAta nahIM khii| unhoMne apane sAtha yuddha kI bAta kahI jisakA ullekha uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM milatA hai - 'AtmA ke sAtha yuddha kara, bAharI yuddha se tujhe kyA lAbha? AtmA ko AtmA ke dvArA hI jIta kara, manuSya sukha pAtA hai / 120 mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM bAharI yuddha se adhika mahattvapUrNa hai apanI AtmA se yuddha karanA aura svayaM para vijaya pAnA hI saccI jIta hai / Atmayuddha ke prasaMga meM indriya, mana aura kaSAyaAtmA se lar3anA evaM una para Atma-niyaMtraNa sthApita karanA hI vAstavika vijayazrI kA varaNa karanA / adhyAtma meM burAI se nivRtta hone ke aneka upAya nirdiSTa haiM jisakA citraNa mahAprajJa kI bhASA meM 'saMkalpaH zamanaM, jJAtRdraSTabhAva vibhAvanam / smaraNaM pratikramaNaM yuddhaM paMcavidhaM smRtam // ' 9121 Atmayuddha ke pAMca prakAra haiM- saMkalpa, zamana, jJAtA - draSTA-bhAva, smaraNa, pratikramaNa / Atmayuddha kI ora iMgita karate hue mahAvIra ne kahA- 'juddhArihaM khalu dullahaM - yuddha kA kSaNa durlabha hai / koI-koI kSaNa aisA hotA hai, jo yuddha kA kSaNa hotA hai| kisI bhAgyazAlI ko hI yuddha kA kSaNa upalabdha hotA hai| mahAvIra jaise ahiMsA ke pravaktA haiM vaise hI yuddha ke pravaktA bhI haiM / ' yuddha se mahAvIra kA tAtparya thA Atma ripuoM cetanA se bhinna vijAtIya pudgaloM ke sAtha yuddha karanA / aisA karanA sacamuca durlabha kSaNoM kA dyotaka hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAkSAt dekhA ki samarabhUmi meM lar3e jAne vAle yuddha se sthAyI samAdhAna nahIM nikala sakatA usakA sthAyI samAdhAna adhyAtma bhUmikA para hI ho sakatA hai 1 lohA lohe ko kATatA hai yaha vyAvahArika saccAI hai para yuddha se yuddha kA aMta ho jAyegA, bhaviSya meM yuddha kI sthiti nahIM AyegI aisA kadApi nahIM huA / itihAsa isakA sAkSI hai / dvitIya vizva yuddha khatma hone se bhI duniyA meM zAMti nahIM aaii| isake pazcAt bhI aneka kSetrIya aura gRhayuddha hote rahe haiM jo apanI hiMsaka AkrAmakatA aura krUratA meM kama nahIM kahe jA skte| dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA ke sabhI dezoM meM dvitIya vizvayuddha ke bAda yuddhoM kA silasilA jArI rahA, jinameM parokSa rUpa se rUsa evaM cIna aura pratyakSa rUpa se amerikA kI pUrI bhAgIdArI rhii| inameM viyatanAma kA yuddha to apanI takanIkI bArIkiyoM aura dhvaMsAtmaka prabhAvoM meM dvitIya vizva yuddha se bhI adhika bhayAnaka thA / yuddha ke vistRta adhyayana ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yuddha mAnava mastiSka se upajA abhizApa hai / jisase grasita mAnavatA saMtrasta hai| ina nAjuka paristhitiyoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 'AtmanAH yuddhasva' pratibodha mAnava ke lie divya saMdeza hai| yuddha kI bhayAvahatA astra-zastroM kI pravidhi se jur3I huI hai| jisa dina mAnava ne zastra kA prayoga athavA nirmANa kiyA usI dina yuddha kI cetanA ne janma le liyA / yaha bhI saMbhava hai jisa dina yuddha kI bhAvanA paidA huI usI dina se astra-zastra kA bIjAropaNa ho gyaa| donoM eka dUsare jur3e hu haiM I 64 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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zastrIkaraNa aitihAsika saMdarbha niHzastrIkaraNa ke vimarza se pUrva zastrIkaraNa ke aitihAsika saMdarbha para dRSTipAta apekSita hai| apanIapanI sImA surakSA hetu adhikArIvarga sadaiva zastrIkaraNa ke prati sajaga rahA hai| adhyAtma rAmAyaNa kA prasaMga hai| jaba bharata mAtAoM ko lekara rAma se punaH Agamana kI prArthanA karane jA rahe the usa samaya rAjA guha ko zaMkA huI ki bharata bar3I senA lekara A rahe haiN| kahIM merA rAjya na chIna leN| Adeza jArI kiyA-'mere jAtivAle astra-zastra lekara sAvadhAnI se saba ora dekhate hue caukasa raheM aura saba nAvoM ko khIMcakara gaMgA ke bIca meM khar3I kara deN|122 jaba bharata kA rAma milana Azaya jJAta huA taba guha nizcita ho gaye aura senA ko jAne kI saharSa anumati de dii| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki rAjya surakSA hetu astra-zastra kA upayoga prAcIna kAla se hotA rahA hai AtaMka phailAne ke lie nhiiN| adhyAtma rAmAyaNa meM ullekha milatA hai ki zastrarahita rAma ko svayaM devendra ne rAvaNa ke sAtha lar3ane hetu hare raMga ke ghor3e, ratha, deva sArathi mAtali, aindra dhanuSa, abhedya kavaca, khaGga aura do divya tUNIra bhejeM / 23 jaba rAma-rAvaNa ne Amane-sAmane morcA saMbhAlA usa samaya mahAtmA rAma aura buddhimAn rAvaNa kA mahAbhayAnaka aura romAMcakArI ghora yuddha hone lgaa| rAvaNa ke AgneyAstra ko AgneyAstra se aura devAstra ko devAstra se kaattaa| yuddha meM prayukta astra-zastra kI pracaNDatA kA eka udAharaNa hI paryApta hogA-rAvaNa ke dhanuSa se chUTe hue bANa, jo svarNamaya paMkha se bhAsamAna ho rahe the, mahAviSadhara sarpa hokara radhunAtha ke cAroM ora girane lge| jinake mukha se agni kI lapaTeM nikala rahI thIM ke una sarpamukha-bANoM se usa samaya sampUrNa dizA-vidizAeM vyApta ho gyii| rAma ne jaba raNabhUmi meM saba ora sarpo ko vyApta dekhA to mahAbhayaMkara garur3Azastra chodd'aa| bANa soM ke zatru garur3a hokara jahA~-tahA~ sarparUpa bANoM ko kATane lge| isase puSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla se hI astra-zastroM kI pracaMDatA barakarAra hai| para itanA to spaSTa hai ki ve astra-zastra niraparAdha kA nukasAna sahasA nahIM karate the| paraMtu Adhunika astra-zastra hita-ahita ke viveka se vikala apanI zakti kA pradarzana karate haiN| pASANa-yuga se aNuyuga taka jitane bhI utpIr3aka aura mAraka zastroM kA AviSkAra huA hai, ve niSkriya-zastra (dravya-zastra) haiN| unameM svataH prerita ghAtaka-zakti nahIM hai| bhagavAn ne kahA-gautama ! sakriya-zastra (bhAva-zastra) asaMyama hai| isI kA saMvAdI-'dravya zastra ke tIna prakAra haiM-kiMcit svakAya zastra, kiMcit parakAyazastra aura kiMcit ubhykaayshstr| asaMyama bhAvazastra hai| 125 vidhvaMsa kA mUla vahI hai| niSkriya-zastroM meM prANa phUMkane vAlA bhI vahI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa likhate haiM-vAstavika zastra hai bhAva-zastra aura vaha hai asNym| prANImAtra ke antaHkaraNa meM jo asaMyama hai, vahI vAstavika zastra hai aura vahI ina sAre zastroM kA nirmANa kara rahA hai| Aja niHzastrIkaraNa kA prazna balavAna banA huA hai| zakti saMpanna deza prakSepAstroM ko kama kareM, dUra yA laghumAra karane vAle prakSepAstroM ko kama kareM. TekoM ko samApta kareM. yaha carcA kA viSaya banA haA hai| para ina sabake pIche jo carcA honI cAhie vaha nahIM ho rahI hai| ina sabake mUla meM asaMyama hai| aura use kama karane kI carcA bahuta kama calatI hai| asaMyama kama hogA to bandUkeM, topeM, talavAreM manuSya ke lie khataranAka nahIM bnegii| 26 asaMyama se upajI AkAMkSA aura vistAravAdI manovRtti ke kAraNa hI eka deza dUsare deza ke virodha meM zastra sajjita hotA hai| ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 65

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zastrIkaraNa ke hetu ko mArmika prastuti bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dI - 'yaha manuSya cirakAla taka jIne ke lie, pratiSThA, sammAna aura prazaMsA ke lie, janma-mRtyu se mukta hone ke lie, duHkha mukti ke lie-zastrIkaraNa karatA hai| 27 nizcita rUpeNa ye zastrIkaraNa kI antahIna paraMparA ke pramukha kAraNa 1 samagra dRSTi se zastra ko grahaNa karate hue ThANaM sUtra meM isake dasa prakAra batalAye gaye haiM-agni, viSa, loNa, cikanAI, kSAra, duSprayukta mana, vacana, kAyA, bhAva evaM avirati / ina prakAroM meM dravya aura bhAvazastra kA samAna pratizata hai| jitane pratizata meM bhautika padArtha zastra banane kI kSamatAvAle haiM utane hI vyakti ke bhItara zastra nirmiti ke kAraNa vidyamAna haiN| niHzastrIkaraNa aitihAsika saMdarbha Aja kA yuga aNu-paramANu yuga hai / aNu astroM kA yuga hai / inake prAyogika pariNAmoM se mAnava mana AtaMkita hai| apane astittva kI rakSA hetu ahiMsA kI khoja kara rahA hai, usakA mUlyAMkana kara rahA hai| eka ora aNu-paramANu astroM kA yuga hai to dUsarI ora ahiMsA kA yuga / niHzastrIkaraNa kA sarva prathama bhagavAn mahAvIra kA svara mukhara huA / zrAvaka kI AcAra saMhita meM vidhAna kiyA- 'maiM zastra kA nirmANa nahIM karUMgA, usakA AdAna-pradAna nahIM karU~gA / zastra ke purjo kA saMyojana nahIM kruuNgaa| 128 AcArAMga ke zastra -parijJA adhyayana meM niHzastrIkaraNa ke sUkSma siddhAMtoM kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| jisakA spaSTa pratipAdya hai ki zastrIkaraNa manuSya jAti ke lie saMhAra kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| ataH mAnava jAti ke saMrakSaNa hetu niHzastrIkaraNa kA mUlya AMke, use samajhe aura jIvana meM adhika-se-adhika apnaaye| niHzastra ke prayoga kA artha hai - saMyama kI cetanA kA vikaas| yaha mAnava jAti ke lie kalyANa kA hetu hai, vikAsa kA setu hai / niHzastrIkaraNa ke dvArA hI mAnava jAti sukha aura zAMti se raha sakatI hai / zastra zakti ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhI ke vicAra sarvathA maulika the| unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsA eka aisA zastra hai jisakA prayoga kabhI nirarthaka nahIM jaataa| isameM ananta zakti hai gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM- 'jisake hAtha meM ahiMsA rUpI zastra hai vaha kabhI niHzastra nhiiN| usake pAsa pAzvika zastra bhale hI na hoM kintu divya zastra haiN| ahiMsA brahmAstra hai aura usakA pratikAra karane vAlA zastra vidhAtA ne na to Ajataka banAyA hai, na kabhI banA skegaa| 29 yaha gAMdhI kI aTUTa ahiMsA AsthA kA pratIka hai / unhoMne isa tathya para bala diyA- 'ahiMsA to eka anupama advitIya zakti hai / saMsAra meM isake mukAbale kI koI zakti nahIM hai| yadi duniyA ke sAre astra-zastroM ko tarAjU ke eka palar3e para rakha diyA jAya aura ahiMsA ko dUsare para, to ahiMsA kA hI palar3A bhArI hogA / ' puSTa hotA hai ki gAMdhI ke vicAroM meM ahiMsA svayaM sarvazreSTha zaktimAn hai / zastrazakti kI sImA aura burAiyA~ dekhate hue gAMdhI ne isakI nirarthakatA ko khule Ama prakaTa kiyA--maiM yahAM para ahiMsA saMbaMdhI pacAsa varSa ke anubhava ke bala para yaha batAnA cAhatA hU~ ki pAzvika zakti ke samakSa yaha (ahiMsA) nizcita rUpa se eka U~cI zakti hai / sazastra sainika kI zakti kA mukhya AdhAra to usake zastroM para hotA hai| usake zastra, usakI bandUka athavA talavAra le lo, to sAmAnya rUpa se vaha asahAya ho jAtA hai / .... kintu jisa vyakti ne ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko sacce arthoM meM samajha liyA hai, usakA zastra Izvara pradatta zakti hotI hai| isakA mukAbalA saMsAra meM aura koI zakti nahIM kara sktii| 30 aNubama aura ahiMsA do zaktiyoM ke cunAva meM gAMdhI ne sadaiva ahiMsA 66 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ko zreSTha maanaa| unakA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki jisa kauma yA giroha ne hamezA ke lie ahiMsA kA rAstA apanA liyA hai, use aNuvama se bhI gulAma nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / prathama bAra jaba aNubama kA prayoga nAgAsAkI aura hirozimA para huA taba bhI gAMdhI ne yahI kahA thA 'hirozimA para aNubama girane aura usake barabAda hone kI khabara pAkara maiM jarA bhI vicalita nahIM huaa| ulTe maiMne apane mana se yahI kahA ki yadi duniyA aba bhI ahiMsA ko nahIM apanAtI hai to mAnava jAti AtmahatyA se nahIM bcegii|' pUrI duniyA ke lie unakA saMdeza thA - aNubama kI isa behada dardanAka kahAnI se hameM sabaka to yaha sIkhanA hai ki jisa taraha hiMsA-se-hiMsA ko nahIM miTAyA jA sakatA usI taraha eka bama ko dUsare bama se nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| iMsAna sirpha ahiMsA ke dvArA hI hiMsA ke gar3ha se nikala sakatA hai| ghRNA dikhAne se vaha aura bhI phailatI hai aura gaharI hotI hai / isa kathana ke pIche bhI gAMdhI kI ahiMsA AsthA bola rahI hai / gAMdhI kA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki zUravIroM kI ahiMsA kA zastra dhAraNa karane vAlA akelA bhI sAre saMsAra kI prabala zaktiyoM kA eka sAtha sAmanA kara sakatA hai / 'ahiMsA ke hathiyAra se eka strI yA bAlaka bhI hara kisI hathiyAradhArI dAnava kA sAmanA kara sakatA hai / ' niHzastra ahiMsA kI zakti hara samaya zastrabala kI apekSA bahuta U~cI hai / isa prakAra ke niHzastrIkaraNa saMbaMdhI gAMdhI ke maulika vicAroM kA samarthana vinobAbhAve ne bhI kiyaa| san 1962 ko jUna meM nayI dillI meM samasta saMsAra kI aNuastra virodhI pariSad ke samAyojana meM vinobAjI ne apane saMdeza meM likhA thA- 'aNuastra to samApta hone hI cAhie / parantu paraMparAgata zastra bhI kama bhayaMkara nahIM haiM / aNuastra to hameM ahiMsA ke najadIka Ane kI preraNA dete haiN| kyoMki ve manuSya ke vicAra - viveka ko jAgRta karate haiM / parantu pistaula aura chUre to ahiMsA ko dhakkA dekara dUra haTAte haiM / ye hathiyAra dikhane meM choTe haiM, parantu yahI aNuastroM ke janaka-bApa hai| 132 unakI dRSTi meM aNuastroM ne saMsAra ke sAmane eka cunautI peza kI hai- yA to ahiMsA ko svIkAra karo yA mAnava jAti ke nirmUlana ke liye taiyAra ho jAe / ataH mAnava jAti kI surakSA kA sarvocca sAdhana ahiMsA hI bana sakatI hai zastrAstra kA bhaMDAra nahIM / ahiMsA ke sAmane bar3I cunautI hai| isakA mArmika citraNa AcArya mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- 'paurANika kahAniyoM meM kahA gayA hai ki zaMkara pralaya karate haiM / aNubama to mahAzaMkara bana gayA, jisane itanA bar3A pralaya kara ddaalaa| jo ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle the, una logoM ne vizvazAMti kA abhiyAna zurU kiyaa| zAMti ke lie prayatna, niHzastrIkaraNa ke lie prayatna, yuddha varjanA ke lie prayatna kie, kiMtu zastroM kA nirmANa aura adhika bar3ha gyaa| vaise zastroM kA nirmANa, jo mahApralayaMkArI hai / 133 zastroM kI isa aMdhI daur3a meM kevala aNuzastra hI nahIM, usase bhI bhayaMkara astroM kA nirmANa zurU ho gyaa| sTAravAra kI yojanA pracaMDa huI, nakSatrIya yuddha, AkAzIya yuddha kI kalpanA sAmane A gaI / astroM ke nirmANa kA vikAsa hotA gayA / eka ora astroM ke nirmANa kI carcA bahuta teja hai to dUsarI ora ahiMsA kI carcA bhI bahuta teja hai / isakA manovaijJAnika kAraNa hai- manuSya kI jijIviSA / cU~ki khatarA mAnava ke lie hI sarvAdhika gaharAyA hai| zastra nirmANa pravidhi se jur3e hue loga 'sAmUhika nara-saMhAra ke lie jIvANu hathiyAroM ko Adarza hathiyAra mAnane lage haiM kyoMki pahale to vaha sabase sastA hai, dUsare, isake bhaMDAra ko AsAnI se chipAyA jA sakatA hai aura tIsare, isake prayoga se AdamI, pazu Adi prANadhArI to mareMge para sampatti naSTa nahIM hogii|'' 34 ina kAraNoM se jIvANu hathiyAroM ko acchA mAnA jAtA hai / para yadi hama mAnavIya ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 67

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dRSTi se vicAra kareM to samajha meM A jAyegA ki zastroM ke isa AviSkAra ne manuSya ko kitanA nirdayI banA diyA hai| cUMki zastra aura hiMsA paryAyavAcI bana cuke haiN| donoM hI U~cAiyoM ke kSitija chUne jA rahe haiN| prastara yuga meM pASANa astra baneM-vikAsa hote-hote aNubama aura hAiDrojana bama kA yaga AyA, aNa-zastra baneM, banate cale jA rahe haiN| zastrIkaraNa kA yaha daura Aja jaivika-rAsAyanika kiTAnvika prakriyA taka pahuMca cukA hai| isakA agalA rUpa kyA hogA, kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai| ANavika yuddhoM kI vibhISikA se Aja sArA saMsAra azAMta aura vyAkula hai| suprasiddha vaijJAnika alabarTa AiMsTIna ne apanI mRtyu ke kacha hI dina pUrva kahA thA-'ANavika-yuddhoM meM vizva kA sArvabhauma nAza nizcita hai|' vijJAna aba taka ina dhvaMsAtmaka astroM kA pratikAra nahIM de sakA hai| eka-se-eka adhika bhayAnaka zastroM kA nirmANa duniyA kA pramukha 'udyoga' tathA rojagAra kA sAdhana banatA jA rahA hai| Aja jisa taraha se choTe-bar3e saba deza hajAroM-lAkhoM kI sthAI senA (sTenDiMga ArmI) rakhane lage haiM vaha tIna-cAra sau varSa pahale taka Ama bAta nahIM thii| ina sabase hone vAle duSpariNAmoM kI ora dhyAna kendrita karate hue mahAprajJa ne likhA-'Aja yuddha aura sthAI senAoM ke kAraNa prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kA ghora apavyaya ho rahA hai| jo saMsAdhana aura zrama garIbI abhAva Adi dUra karane meM lagate ve logoM ko mArane kI taiyArI meM laga rahe haiN| yuddha aura zastroM kI hor3a duniyA meM garIbI aura abhAva bar3hane kA eka pramukha kAraNa hai| zastrIkaraNa Aja kI jvalaMta samasyA hai| sau varSa pUrva kisI ne yaha socA bhI nahIM hogA ki rAjanItika loga kabhI niHzastrIkaraNa zabda kA uccAraNa kareMge, janatA niHzastrIkaraNa kI bAta para AMdolana kregii|.......mhaaviir kA niHzastrIkaraNa kA vicAra 20vIM 21vIM zatAbdI meM svataH balavAn bana rahA hai| niHzastrIkaraNa kA svara zastrIkaraNa kI pariNati ke kAraNa zaktizAlI hotA jA rahA hai| agara aNuzastroM ke bhaMDAra para dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA to zAyada eka samaya aisA bhI AegA, sArI kI sArI mAnava sabhyatA naSTa ho jaayegii| saMbhAvanA kA Akalana mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-'duniyA vApasa prastara yuga meM calI jaae| mahAbhArata ke yuddha ke bAda hindustAna kI sabhyatA, saMskRti aura vidyA kA hrAsa huA hai usase yaha saMbhAvanA balavatI banI hai aNuzastroM ke yuddha ke bAda zAyada manuSya yaha prArthanA karegA-'he bhagavan! hameM vahI banA do jo hama pahale the|135 yadi isa sthiti se ubaranA hai, zastroM ke prasAra ko rokanA hai to isa ArSa vacana para dhyAna denA hogA-'natthi asatyaM pareNa paraM'-azastra meM koI paramparA nahIM hai| zastroM ke vikAsa se hone vAle mahAvinAza se bacane kA eka mAtra upAya ahiMsA hI hai| mahApuruSoM kA azAMta bhayAkrAMta vizva ke lie nizastrIkaraNa kA saMdeza sAmayika evaM prANavAn hai| zastrAzastra ke vaijJAnika vikAsa ke sAmane ahiMsA kI zakti ko pratiSThita karanA adabhya sAhasa kA sabUta hai| paryAvaraNa aura ahiMsA vijJAna arvAcIna hai, ahiMsA kA siddhAMta bahuta prAcIna hai| prAcIna aura arvAcInatA ke bAvajUda bhI donoM meM abhinnatA hai| dharma jahA~ prANa vinAza kI dRSTi se ahiMsA para vicAra karatA hai, vijJAna usa para pradUSaNa kI dRSTi se vicAra kara rahA hai| dharma jahA~ prANImAtra kI dRSTi se ahiMsA para vicAra karatA hai vahA~ vijJAna kevala manuSya kI dRSTi se vicAra karatA hai| pariNAma kI dRSTi se donoM kA 68 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kendra bindu samAna hai| sRSTi ke saMtulana kA prazna Aja vijJAna vArtA kA aham muddA hai| Aja kA prabuddha mAnasa isa viSaya meM ciMtita hai ki paryAvaraNIya saMtulana kaise sAdhA jAye? saMtulana kA artha hai-ahiNsaa| ahiMsA kA artha hai-sNtuln| adhyAtma jagat meM saMtulana para mahattvapUrNa khojeM ho cukI haiN| vijJAna ne aba isa para khojeM prAraMbha kI hai| vaijJAnikoM ne isa bAta para dhyAna diyA ki prakRti kA yadi koI bhI aMza asta-vyasta rahatA hai to prakRti kA sArA cakra hI astavyasta ho jAtA hai| kyoMki prakRti kA pratyeka aMza pratyeka avayava usakA mahattvapUrNa hissA hai| kahIM koI eka ikAI TUTatI hai to samUcA sRSTi saMtulana hI bigar3a sakatA hai| 'ikolaoNjI ne eka nayA AyAma khola diyaa| yaha bAta mAnya ho gaI ki prakRti kA choTA-moTA pratyeka avayava upayogI hai, anivArya hai| 136 prakRti kA pratyeka ghaTaka eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karatA hai| yaha Adhunika vijJAna kA mantavya hai| adhyAtma ke ciMtakoM ne bahuta pahale hI kaha diyA thA ki pratyeka tattva eka dUsare se prabhAvita hote haiN| eka kI hiMsA dUsare ko kaise prabhAvita karatI hai isakI vistRta carcA AcArAMga sUtra meM kI gaI hai| pRthvIkAya kI ahiMsA ke bAre meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- medhAvI puruSa hiMsA ke pariNAma ko jAnakara svayaM pRthvI zastra kA samAraMbha na kare, dUsaroM se usakA samAraMbha na karavAyeM, usakA samAraMbha karane vAloM kA anumodana na kreN|........naanaa prakAra ke zastroM se pRthvI saMbaMdhI kriyAoM meM vyApRta hokara pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA karane vAlA vyakti (na kevala una pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hI hiMsA karatA hai, apitu) nAnA prakAra ke anya jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai| 137 Aja ahiMsA kA artha, kevala pAralaukika hI nahIM raha gayA hai apitu vijJAna kI kasauTI para bhI satyApita ho rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ko aneka pahaluoM se dekhA aura prastuti dii| unhoMne kahA thA * esa khalu gaMthe-hiMsA granthi hai| * esa khalu mohe-yaha moha hai| . esa khalu mAre-yaha mRtyu hai| . esa khalu NArae-yaha narka hai| . taM se ahiyAe-hiMsA manuSya ke lie hitakara nahIM hai| * taM se abohIe-vaha bodhi kA vinAza karane vAlI hai| isa svara kA udAttIkaraNa hI paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa meM ulajhe samAja meM eka nayA prakaMpana paidA kara skegaa| 38 gAMdhI bhale hI paryAvaraNa-vijJa nahIM the para etad saMbaMdhI jJAna unakA bar3A sUkSma evaM AtmAnubhUti se jur3A huA thaa| unhoMne likhA-eka paudhe ko ukhAr3anA bhI burA hai aura kisI khUbasUrata gulAba ke phUla ko tor3ate hue kise vedanA nahIM hotI? kisI ghAsa-pAta ko tor3ate samaya hameM vedanA nahIM hotii| isase yahI sUcita hotA hai ki hameM patA nahIM hai ki prakRti meM ghAsa-pAta kA kyA sthAna hai| ataeva kisI bhI prakAra kI hAni pahu~cAnA ahiMsA siddhAMta kA ullaMghana karanA hai| 39 jAhira hai ki gAMdhI ne paryAvaraNa ko ahiMsA kI tulA para tolakara hI apanAyA thaa| unakA padArtha saMyama isa bAta kA dyotaka hai| ahiMsA kA siddhAMta Atmazuddhi kA hai, sAtha hI vaha paryAvaraNa zuddhi kA bhI hai| padArtha sImita hai, upabhoktA adhika hai aura icchA asIma hai| ahiMsA kA siddhAMta hai-icchA kA saMyama karanA, usakI ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 69

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kATa-chAMTa karanA / jo icchA paidA ho use usI rUpa meM svIkAra na karanA, kiMtu usakA pariSkAra karanA / Aja kI pramukha samasyA hai upabhoktAvAdI manovRtti / paryAvaraNa kA pahalA sUtra hai - padArtha kama hai isalie prayoga kama karo / Aja upabhoktAvAda bar3ha rahA hai, upabhogavAda bar3ha rahA hai| vaha manuSya kI vRttiyoM ko ubhAra rahA hai, manuSya ko AkrAmaka banA rahA hai| isa sthiti se nijAta pAne ke lie sabhI utsuka haiN| para yaha kaise saMbhava hai paryAvaraNa kA pradUSaNa bhI na rahe, upabhoktAvAda bhI bar3hatA rahe aura vizva zAMti kI carcA bhI karate rhe| isa virodhAbhAsI dRSTikoNa ke palate samasyA ghaTatI nahIM, bar3hatI hI jAtI hai / paryAvaraNa vijJAna Aja kisI eka vyakti, samUha, samAja, rAjya yA rASTra taka sImita nahIM hai isakA saMbaMdha pUre vizva se jur3A huA hai| yaha pUre vizva ko prabhAvita kara rahA hai| isakI apanI pravidhi hai, prakriyA aura siddhAMta bhI haiN| isake pramukha siddhAMta nimna haiM * * jIva aura padArtha eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiN| bhautika vAtAvaraNa jIvoM para aura jIva bhautika vAtAvaraNa para Azrita hai / eka kar3I kA parivartana zeSa kar3iyoM meM parivartana lA detA hai / bhUmi, pAnI, havA, IMdhana ye saba isa akhila jagat kI kar3iyAM haiN| eka nizcita tApamAna meM hI jIva jI sakatA hai| Aja eka khatarA paidA ho gyaa| ojona kI parata TUTatI jA rahI hai / yadi parAbaiMganI kiraNeM sIdhI dharatI para par3anI zurU ho gaI to jIva kA jIvita rahanA muzkila hai| tApamAna se jalastara itanA bar3ha jAyegA ki bar3ebar3e nagara samudra bana jaaeNge| prakRti kA saMtulana na bigar3e koI bhI tattva asaMtulana kI avasthA ko prApta na ho jaae| 140 paryAvaraNa vijJAna ke ye siddhAMta mahAvIra vANI kA punaruccAraNa hai / siddhAMtoM ke saMdarbha meM ahiMsA para ciMtana kareM to ahiMsA kA bhI yahI siddhAMta hai| akelA koI nahIM jI sktaa| eka zAzvata niyama banA 'dravya nimitta hi saMsAriNAM vIryamupajAyate' - hamArI sArI vIrya zakti dravya ke nimitta se paidA hotI hai, paryAvaraNa ke nimitta se paidA hotI hai / yadi paryAvaraNa bigar3a gayA to hamArA sArA vIrya samApta ho jAyagA / sacamuca paryAvaraNa vijJAna kA adhyayana ahiMsA vijJAna kA adhyayana hai / sarala zabdoM meM) paryAvaraNa kA pradUSaNa hiMsA hai| paryAvaraNa kA saMtulana rahegA to manuSya bhI jIyegA, pazu-pakSI bhI jIeMge, bhautika vAtAvaraNa bhI zuddha rhegaa| sabhI prANI milakara jIte haiM to vAtAvaraNa zuddha rahatA hai, paryAvaraNa pradUSita nahIM hotA / paryAvaraNa ke saMtulana meM sabakA yoga hai / makar3I bahuta sAre viSaile kITANuoM ko naSTa kara detI hai / AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA- 'jitane jIva haiM, padArtha haiM, ve saba prakRti ke saMtulana ko banAe hue haiN| saMtulana kA eka vyavasthita krama banA huA hai| manuSya ne hastakSepa kiyA aura sabako naSTa karanA zurU kara diyaa| isakA artha hai, manuSya ne paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita karane kA jimmA le liyA / vAstava meM dekhA jAye to pradUSaNa kA mUla kAraNa manuSya hai / paryAvaraNa kI samasyA anarthahiMsA se upajI samasyA hai| prAcIna kAla meM kahA gayA-pandraha karmAdAna kA tyAga karo / zrAvakoM ke lie aisI AcAra saMhitA nirmita kI gayI jo nigraha pradhAna thI / yaha AMdolana bhI calA - bar3e kArakhAne mata kholo, laghu udyogoM ko protsAhana do / bar3e-bar3e kArakhAne bahuta khatare kA kAraNa bneNge| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne vikendrita arthavyavasthA aura vikendrita zAsana sattA para bala diyA, vaha karmAdAna-niSedha yA paryAvaraNa- vijJAna kA mahattvapUrNa phArmUlA bana sakatA hai| 70 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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paryAvaraNa-vijJAna kA eka sUtra hai-limitteshn| padArtha kI sImA hai| koI bhI padArtha asIma nahIM hai| kyA padArtha kI sImA kA yaha sUtra saMyama kA sUtra nahIM hai? paryAvaraNa-vijJAna kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai-padArtha sImita hai; isalie upabhoga kama kro| dharma kA dRSTikoNa hai padArtha kA apavyaya mata karo, saMyama kro| paryAvaraNa vijJAna kI bhASA hai-padArtha kama hai, upabhoktA adhika hai, isalie upabhoga kI sImA kro| mahAvIra ne bhogopabhoga ke saMyama kA jo vrata diyA vaha paryAvaraNa-vijJAna kA mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai| AcArya mahAprajJa kahate haiM-padArtha jyAdA kAma meM mata lo, anAvazyaka cIja ko kAma meM mata lo, yaha hai saMyama aura isI kA nAma ahiMsA hai, paryAvaraNa vijJAna hai| isa saMdarbha meM aNuvrata kA saMyama ghoSa mahattvapUrNa siddha hotA hai| Aja kI apekSA hai-hama paryAvaraNa, ahiMsA aura saMyama kA mUlya aaNkeN| paryAvaraNavid paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa evaM saMvardhana ko lekara ciMtita haiN| per3a paryAvaraNa ke pradUSaNa ko kama karate haiN| isa dRSTi se pArkoM aura vanasthaliyoM kA bahuta mahattva hai| para AcArya mahAprajJa samasyA ke mUla para dhyAna kendrita kara kahate haiM-pradUSaNa ke srota niraMtara bar3ha rahe haiM aura ve bar3hate hI cale jAeMge to becAre per3a kaba taka pradUSaNa ko kama kreNge| mUla samasyA hai pradUSaNa kama karane vAlI manoracanA kii| samAja kI manoracanA hai pradUSaNa bar3hAne vAlI aura bAta hai use ghaTAne kii| Aja kA AdamI kevala zArIrika svAsthya kI hI upekSA nahIM kara rahA hai vaha mAnasika aura bhAvanAtmaka svAsthya kI upekSA kara rahA hai| zarIra svastha to mana svsth| yaha satya ko dekhane kA eka pahalU hai, mana svastha to zarIra svsth| zarIra aura mana donoM kA svAsthya AdhyAtmika svAsthya kA hetu banatA hai| padArtha kI bhASA ko samajhane vAlA AdamI kyA ahiMsA kI isa bhASA ko samajhane kA prayatna karegA?142 yaha yathArtha kA citrAMkana hai| para prayoga kI bhUmikA para mukta mAnasikatA aura mukta bhoga ke vAtAvaraNa meM saMyama ke sUtra kA artha samajhe binA hama paryAvaraNa ke pradUSaNa ko kama kaise kara sakate haiM? paryAvaraNa saMbaMdhI gAMdhI ke vicAra maulika haiN| unhoMne apane jIvana meM jo saMyama sAdhA, mAno 'limiTezana' sUtra kA hI jIvaMta prayogAtmaka pakSa thaa| paryAvaraNa ke prati unakI AtmAnubhUti kitanI gaharI thI isakA aMdAjA eka udAharaNa se lagAyA jA sakatA hai| jaba mIrAbena ne rAtri ke samaya per3a kI pattiyAM mNgvaaii| bahina ne pattiyoM ko sikur3akara soyA huA pAyA taba bApU ke kamare meM jAkara bolI- 'dekho bApU, choTI pattiyAM nIMda meM kaise sikur3I huI hai|' bApU ne choTI pattiyoM kI tarapha najara DAlate hue krodha tathA dayA se kahA-'per3a bhI hamArI hI taraha jIva hai| ve sAMsa lete haiM, ve hamArI taraha khAte-pIte bhI haiM aura hamArI hI taraha unheM nIMda kI jarUrata hotI hai| per3a rAta meM ArAma karate haiN| yaha ThIka nahIM, rAta meM inakI pattiyoM ko nahIM tor3anA caahie| isake alAvA tumane itanI adhika pattiyA~ kyoM tor3a lI? thor3I-sI pattiyoM se kAma cala jaataa| tumane sunA hogA maiMne kala sabhA meM kyA khaa| maiMne isa para dukha prakaTa kiyA thA ki loga komala phUloM kI jagaha hAtha se bane hue sUta kI mAlA bheMTa kareM to majhe jyAdA khazI hogii|' gAMdhI ne mIrA bena se phira kahA-'yaha tamhArI nAsamajhI thI ki tumane rAta ko svayaM sevaka ko pattiyAM tor3ane bhejaa| usane komala pattiyoM ko sote meM tor3akara per3a ko darda phuNcaayaa| hameM prakRti ke sAtha aisA saMbaMdha rakhanA cAhie jaise jIvita prANiyoM ke saath| 143 isa kathana se prakaTa hotA hai ki gAMdhI paryAvaraNa ke prati kitane sajaga the| unakI dRSTi meM per3a-paudhoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| unake isa 'saMyama aura karuNA' pradhAna vicAra ko apanAyA jAe to paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kI samasyA kA kAphI hadataka samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 71

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pradUSaNa kA khatarA manuSya ke apane asaMyama ke kAraNa paidA huA hai| asaMyama kI bar3hatI samasyA aura gAMdhI ke saMyama kA citraNa karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA- 'Aja pratyeka bAta meM asaMyama hai| videzI mahilA bar3I TahanI tor3akara le aaii| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne use DAMTate hue kahA- jo kAma choTI TahanI se ho sakatA hai usake lie bar3I TahanI kyoM tor3I? yaha apavyaya hai|' saMyama ke abhAva meM paryAvaraNa zuddhi kI kalpanA sAkAra nahIM ho sakatI / prazna hai kriyAnviti kA? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne paryAvaraNa kA mAtra AdhAra hI nahIM diyA / usakI kriyAnviti kA mArga sujhAte hue kahA - 'jina jIvoM kI hiMsA ke binA tumhArI jIvana yAtrA cala sakatI hai, usakI hiMsA mata kro| jIvana-yAtrA ke lie jinakA upabhoga anivArya hai, unakI bhI anAvazyaka hiMsA mata kro| padArtha kA bhI anAvazyaka upabhoga mata kro|' +4 isa rUpa meM mahAvIra kA saMdeza paryAvaraNa vizuddhi hetu Adarza abhilekha kahA jA sakatA 1 Aja ke paryAvaraNa-vizeSajJa ciMtita haiM ki prAkRtika saMpadA kI surakSA kaise kI jAye ? hAla hI meM paryAvaraNa-vizeSajJoM ne AMkar3e prastuta karate hue batAyA- 'Aja vanaspati kI bIsa hajAra upajAtiyAM upalabdha haiM / yadi unakI surakSA nahIM kI gaI to bahuta bar3I nidhiyA~ samApta ho jaaeNgii| 15 apekSA hai samaya rahate mAnava ke bhItara paryAvaraNa cetanA jAge / ahiMsA kI cetanA jAge / ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kI upekSA kara paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kI samasyA ko samAhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ahiMsA kA siddhAMta kevala na mArane se hI nahIM jur3A hai, nimittoM se bhI jur3A huA / mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- 'yaha nimitta vijJAna kA adhyayana hI paryAvaraNa vijJAna hai| 146 paryAvaraNa ko samajhanA ahiMsA ke vikAsa hetu anivArya hai| dUsarI ora ahiMsA ko samagratA se jAnane ke lie paryAvaraNavijJAna kA adhyayana jarUrI hai| ahiMsA kA artha itanA hI nahIM hai ki kisI jIva ko mata maaro| usakA Azaya hai - mArane kI sthiti bhI paidA mata kro| ahiMsA aura paryAvaraNa- vijJAna paraspara itane jur3e hue haiM ki eka ke vikAsa hetu dUsare ko apanAnA anivArya hai / donoM mahApuruSoM ke paryAvaraNa saMbaMdhI vicAra maulika evaM sAmayikatA - saha ahiMsA vikAsa kI bhUmikA para prANavAn sAbita hote haiN| bauddhika ahiMsA banAma : anekAMta anekAMta mAtra bauddhika vyAyAma nahIM jIvana kA akhaMDa darzana hai / isa darzana kA srota vItarAga cetanA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tattva kI sthApanA ke lie tarka ko eka sApekSa AlaMbana ke rUpa meM svIkRti pradAna kI hai| apane abhyupagama kI sthApanA aura parakIya abhyupagama ke nirasana ke lie tarka kA upayoga karanA ho to usa sImA meM hI kiyA jAe jahA~ ahiMsA banI rahe / AcArya mahAprajJa ne batalAyA-'apane vicAra kI pRSTi ahiMsA kI puSTi ke lie hai / ahiMsA kA khaNDana kara dUsare ke abhyupagama kA khaMDana karanA vAstava meM apane abhyupagama kA hI khaNDana haiN|' isa kathana ke Aloka meM anekAMta ke ahiMsAtmaka svarUpa ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA jAye to yaha bahuta spaSTa hogA ki jIva-ghAta aura manomAlinya jaise hiMsA hai, usI taraha ekAMta dRSTi athavA mithyA Agraha bhI hiMsA kA rUpa hai / sAdhu ahiMsA mahAvrata ke dhAraka hote haiM ataH unase akhaMDa ahiMsA kI apekSA kI jAtI hai| sAdhu samudAya ke bAre meM ahiMsA saMbaMdhI gAMdhI TippaNI ko rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ne uddhRta karate hue likhA- 'bhArata meM ahiMsA ke sabase bar3e prayoktA jaina muni hue haiM, jinhoMne manuSya ko kevala vANI aura karma se hI nahIM pratyuta vicAroM se 72 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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bhI ahiMsaka banAne kA prayatna kiyaa| kisI bhI bAta para yaha mAnakara ar3a jAnA ki yahI satya hai, tathA bAkI loga jo kucha kahate haiM, vaha sabakA saba jhUTha aura nirAdhAra hai, vicAroM kI sabase bhayAnaka hiMsA hai| manuSyoM ko isa hiMsA ke pApa se bacAne ke lie hI jaina muniyoM ne anekAMtavAda kA siddhAMta nikaalaa|147 gAMdhI ne isa siddhAMta ko maMthana pUrvaka apnaayaa| anekAMtavAda se paraspara virodhI bAtoM ke bIca sAmaMjasya sthApita hotA hai tathA virodhiyoM ke prati bhI Adara kI vRddhi hotI hai isalie yaha siddhAnta gAMdhI ko atyaMta priya thaa| unhoMne likhA hai; merA anubhava hai ki apanI dRSTi se maiM sadA satya hI hotA hU~ kiMtu mere ImAnadAra Alocaka taba bhI mujha meM galatI dekhate haiN| pahale maiM apane ko sahI aura unheM ajJAnI mAna letA thaa| kintu, aba maiM mAnatA hUM ki apanI-apanI jagaha hama donoM ThIka haiN| kaI aMdhoM ne hAthI ko alaga-alaga TaTola kara usakA jo varNana diyA thA, vaha dRSTAMta anekAMtavAda kA sabase acchA udAharaNa hai| isI siddhAMta ne mujhe yaha batalAyA ki musalamAna kI jAMca muslima dRSTikoNa se tathA IsAI kI parIkSA IsAI dRSTikoNa se kI jAnI caahiye| pahale maiM mAnatA thA ki mere virodhI ajJAna meM haiN| Aja maiM virodhiyoM ko pyAra karatA hU~ kyoMki aba maiM apane ko virodhiyoM kI dRSTi se bhI dekha sakatA huuN| merA anekAMtavAda satya aura ahiMsA, ina yugala siddhAMtoM kA pariNAma hai| 48 gAMdhI ke vicAroM meM anekAMta kI svIkRti kA spaSTa nidarzana hai| pratipakSa kA mata bhI ThIka ho, ye anekAMtavAdI kA lakSaNa haiN| gAMdhI para ye sabhI lakSaNa ghaTita hote haiM kyoMki unakI ahiMsA kAyika aura vAcika hone ke sAtha-sAtha bauddhika bhI thI aura isI bauddhika ahiMsA ne unheM samajhautAvAdI aura virodhiyoM ke prati dayAlu banA diyA thaa| jaba gAMdhI 'bhArata chor3oM' AMdolana kI yojanA banA rahe the, suprasiddha amerikI patrakAra luI phizara ne unase pUchA-'Apake isa kArya se yuddha meM bAdhA par3egI aura amerikI janatA ko ApakA yaha AMdolana pasaMda nahIM aayegaa| ajaba nahIM ki loga Apako mitra-rASTroM kA zatru samajhane lgeN|' gAMdhI ne kahA, 'phizara, tuma apane rASTrapati se kaho ki ve mujhe AMdolana cher3ane se roka deN| maiM to, mukhyataH samajhautAvAdI manuSya hU~, kyoMki mujhe kabhI bhI yaha nahIM lagatA ki maiM ThIka para hI huuN|'149 isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki gAMdhI ne anekAMta ko na kevala samajhA hI balki apane jIvana kI prayogazAlA meM bhI utaaraa| jainadharma ahiMsA kA paryAya banA isameM 'anekAMta dRSTi' kA bahuta bar3A yogadAna hai| ahiMsA kA vicAra aneka bhUmikAoM para vikasita huA hai| kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika ahiMsA ke bAre meM aneka dharmoM meM vibhinna dhArAeM milatI haiM, kintu bauddhika ahiMsA ke kSetra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se jo anekAMta dRSTi milI, vahI mukhya kAraNa banA jaina dharma ke sAtha ahiMsA kA avicchinna saMbaMdha svIkRti kaa| unhoMne dekhA ki hiMsA kI jar3a vicAroM kI vipratipatti hai| jar3a padArtha meM hiMsA-ahiMsA ke bhAva nahIM ho skte| inakI udbhava-bhUmi mAnasika cetanA hai| usakI bhUmikAeM anaMta haiN| pratyeka vastu ke dharma bhI anaMta haiN| vastutaH vastu ke anaMta dharmoM kI sApekSa abhivyakti kA ulajhA prazna vItarAga vANI meM samAhita huaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA-manuSya jo kucha kahatA hai, usameM vastu ke kisI eka pahalU kA nirUpaNa hotA hai| eka se aneka ke saMbaMdha jur3ate haiM, satya yA asatya ke prazna khar3e hone lagate haiN| basa yahIM se vicAroM kA srota do dhArAoM meM baha calatA hai-anekAMta yA sat-ekAMta dRSTi-ahiMsA, asat-ekAMta dsstti-hiNsaa| isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne batAyA pratyeka dharma ko apekSA se grahaNa kro| satya sApekSa ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 73

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hotA hai| eka satyAMza ke sAtha lage aneka satyAMza ko ThukarAkara koI use pakar3anA cAhe to vaha satyAMza bhI usake sAmane asatyAMza banakara AtA hai| unhoMne isa bAta para bala diyA ki dasaroM ke prati hI nahIM kiMtu apane vicAroM ke prati bhI anyAya mata kro| apane ko samajhane ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM ko bhI samajhane kI bhI ceSTA kro| yahI hai anekAMta dRSTi, yahI hai apekSAvAda aura isI kA nAma hai-bauddhika ahiNsaa|150 anekAMta dRSTi aura ahiMsA meM pUrNa abhinnatA hai| isIlie anekAMta ko Adhunika vicAraka bauddhika ahiMsA kahate haiN| jaina darzana ne usakI gaharAiyoM meM jAne kA prayatna kiyaa| bauddhika ahiMsA yA anekAMta nayI dizA kA udghATana hai| sarvathA navIna aura maulika AyAma hai| yaha vyAvahArika aura tAttvika donoM kSetroM meM AnevAlI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hai| isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAra maulika evaM vaijJAnika haiN| DaoN. rAmannA kI anekAMta saMbaMdhI jijJAsA kA samAdhAna karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA-jaise Aja vijJAna meM kaNa aura pratikaNa, meTara aura eNTImeTara, paramANu aura prati paramANu kA siddhAMta hai, eka dUsare ke astitva kI siddhi ke lie pratipakSa ko niyAmaka mAnA jAtA hai vaise hI AcAryA ne 'yat sat tat sapratipakSa' kahakara vastu ke astitva ko siddha karane ke lie virodhI dharma kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA haiN| do virodhI dharma sAtha raha sakate haiM, yaha eka sArvabhauma niyama hai| isake lie dUsarA niyama hai sApekSatA kaa| virodhI dharma sAtha meM rahate haiM, isIlie ki unameM sApekSatA hai| nirapekSa dharma eka sAtha raha hI nahIM skte| isI sApekSatA ke siddhAMta para anekAMta kA vikAsa huA hai| ataH anekAMta abhiniveza aura Agraha se mukta hone kA prayoga kahA jA sakatA hai| isake mUla siddhAMta pA~ca haiM 1. sapratipakSa 2. saha-astitva 3. svataMtratA 4. sApekSatA 5. samanvaya 152 anekAMta ke uparyukta pA~ca siddhAMtoM ke sahAre aneka siddhAMta vikasita ho sakate haiN| inhIM ke AdhAra para ahiMsA aura maitrI ke siddhAMta kA vikAsa huaa| ahiMsA aura maitrI kA siddhAMta sAhacarya se aayaa| saba dravya eka sAtha rahate haiM kahIM koI virodha nahIM, TakarAva nhiiN| eka sAtha meM rahanA aura apane-apane astitva ko svataMtra banAe rkhnaa| mahAprajJa kahate-'ahiMsA kA yaha artha nahIM ki hama apane astitva ko samApta kara deN| apanA astitva svataMtra rahe, eka sAtha rhe| svataMtratA aura saha-astitva donoM kA itanA sundara pratipAdana huA hai ki tuma svataMtra bhI ho aura saha-astitva vAle bhI ho|' isa prakAra anekAMta ne mAnava ke bhItara virAT dRSTi kA sRjana kiyA hai| ise khule dimAga kA siddhAMta bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| anekAMta siddhAMta kA vaiziSTya hai ki usane darzana ke kSetra meM, dUsare ke vicAroM ko samajhane kI kSamatA pradAna kii| isane kisI viSaya meM ekapakSIya svarUpa ke durAgraha kA virodha kiyA jo sAre vaimanasyoM kA mUla hai| mujhe yaha batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki 'khulA dimAga' hamAre meM udAratA tathA vicAroM kA saMtulana paidA karatA hai| isa prakAra anekAMta tathA isake upasiddhAMta 'nayavAda' aura syAdvAda' ne eka Avazyaka mUlAdhAra hameM diyA hai, jo rASTrIya tathA aMtarrASTrIya tanAvoM ko kama karane tathA 74 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vyakti meM bauddhika ImAnadArI kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa karane meM samartha hogaa| ataH dRSTikoNa ko Alokita karane vAle 'anekAMta' ko vyApaka banAyA jAye to sthUla tathA sUkSma rUpoM meM pravRtta barbaratA, zoSaNa, uddaNDatA tathA zItayuddha samApta sakate haiN| anekAMta darzana kA vaiziSTya isa bAta meM hai ki vaha manuSya ko durAgrahI banane se bacAtA hai| isakA saMdeza hai ki tumhIM ThIka ho aisI bAta nahIM, zAyada sAmane vAlA vyakti bhI satya hI kaha rahA hai, bhale vaha virodhI bhI kyoM na kahe / bhASA kI dRSTi se anekAMtavAdI vyakti syAdvAdI hotA hai / cU~ki usakA bhASA prayoga 'yahI satya hai' na hokara, 'zAyada yaha satya ho' kI tarja para hotA hai| syAdvAda ahiMsA kA eka aMga hai| jaina darzana meM dravya hiMsA kI apekSA bhAvahiMsA ko bhI baMdha kA kAraNa mAnA hai| arthAt kisI prANI ko aisA vacana na kahA jAe jisase ki use duHkha pahu~ce / syAdvAda bauddhika ahiMsA hai / vAstava meM dharma nAma para hone vAle sAMpradAyika saMgharSoM kA mUla kAraNa ekAMtavAda kA Agraha hai / syAdvAda meM vizva zAMti kI kSamatA kA jikra karate hue bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizeSajJa manISI DaoN. rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara ne likhA- ' syAdvAda kA anusaMdhAna bhArata kI ahiMsA sAdhanA kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra ise jitanA zIghra apanAegA, vizva meM zAMti utanI hI zIghra sthApita hogI / ' vividhatA meM ekatA aura ekatA meM vividhatA kA samAhAra syAdvAda kA vacana viSayaka maulika AzrayaNa hai| jaina darzana ne vizva ko yaha navIna dRSTi pradAna kii| vartamAna ke saMgharSa saMkula yuga meM syAdvAda jaisA siddhAMta hI satya aura ahiMsA ke bala para samasta prANiyoM meM mela-milApa karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai / parama satya para pahu~cA prabuddha cetA mithyA abhimAna yA dAvA na kare / mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM adhikAMzatayA bhedabhAva, manomAlinya aura sAmpradAyika abhiniveza bar3hate haiM, ve zabdoM kI pakar3a ke kAraNa hI bar3hate haiN| viveka kI saphalatA isI meM hai ki bauddhika ahiMsA adhika se adhika vikAsazIla bneN| isake vikAsa kI pramukha bAdhAe~ rAga-dveSa haiN| jaba taka inakI pradhAnatA rahatI hai mAnasika ahiMsA kA samAcaraNa bhI nahIM hotA hai, taba bauddhika ahiMsA kA vikAsa kaise ho sakatA hai? jaise-jaise rAgadveSa kSINa hotA hai, vaise-vaise anekAMta dRSTi vikasita hotI hai, jaise-jaise anekAMtadRSTi vikasita hotI hai vaise-vaise rAga-dveSa kSINa hotA hai / ye donoM paraspara jur3e hue haiN| vimarzataH ahiMsA ke ucca zikhara se anekAMta darzana kA udbhava huA hai / vaicArika sahiSNutA para isakA vikAsa aura vyavahAra ke dharAtala para pratiSThA milii| bhAratIya sAdhakoM kI ahiMsA bhAvanA syAdvAda ke rUpa meM apane carama utkarSa para pahuMcI, kyoMki yaha darzana manuSya ke bhItara bauddhika ahiMsA ko pratiSThita karatA hai| saMsAra meM jo aneka matavAda pha~sAMda haiM, unake bhItara sAmaMjasya ko janma detA hai / sAtha hI vaicArika bhUmi para palane vAlI kaTutA kA nirasana kara svastha mAnasikatA ko utpanna karatA hai| ataH ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM anekAMta kI ananya bhUmikA hai aura rahegI / ahiMsA kA vyavahAra pakSa ahiMsA eka sugama zabda hai, jisakI arthAtmA aneka durgama ghATiyoM ko phA~datI huI avirala gati se Age bar3hatI hai| isakI aisI khAsiyata hai ki, jisa koNa se dekho usI yaha bakhUbI najara Ane lagatI hai / ahiMsA kA vicAra AdhAra se AraMbha hotA hai aura phalitArtha paryaMta vyApRta hotA jAtA ahiMsA eka saMdarbha aneka / 75

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hai| ahiMsA ke vicArakoM, vidvAnoM aura sAdhakoM ne ise apanI soca aura sAdhanA se prANavAna banAyA hai| isI kAraNa zabda se arthAtmA kI yAtrA meM aneka pahalU samAviSTa haiN| sRSTi kA pratyeka prANI jInA cAhatA hai, maranA nhiiN| sukha cAhatA hai duHkha nhiiN| na cAhane para bhI prANI duHkhI kyoM hotA hai? sukhI kaise bana sakatA hai? aisI jijJAsA indrabhUti gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa rkhii| prazna thA-'bhagavAn! jIvoM ke sAta vedanIya karma kA baMdha kaise hotA hai?' 'prANa, bhUta, jIva aura sattva kI anukaMpA karane se, duHkha na dene se, zoka nahIM upajAne se, kheda utpanna nahIM karane se, vedanA na dene se, na mArane se paritApa na dene se jIva sAtavedanIya karma kA bandha karate haiN| 154 prANI jagat meM vyApta sukha kI cAha ahiMsA kI AdhArabhitti hai| sukha pAne ke lie hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM se uparata hone se hI sukha kA mArga prazasta hogaa| ___ahiMsA kA AcaraNa kyoM kiyA jAye? samAdhAna hogA-samAna cetanAnubhUti kA aasthaan| gItA kI bhASA meM isalie ahiMsA pratiSThita honI cAhiye kyoMki sabhI prANiyoM meM eka hI parabrahma paramezvara samAna rUpa se vyApta hai| ataH paramAtmA kI zreSThatama bhakti yahI hogI-sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat prema rakhA jAye arthAt sabake prati ahiMsA kA bartAva kiyA jaaye| gItA meM sthAna-sthAna para ise bahuta mahattva milA hai| jisakA saMvAdI kathana hai-'he arjuna! yogI to vahI sarvazreSTha mAnA jAtA hai jo cAhe to duHkha meM cAhe sukha meM sarvatra aisI dRSTi rakhatA ho mAno dUsarA vyakti jo bhI sukha yA dukha bhoga rahA hai, vaha koI dUsarA nahIM, balki vaha svayaM hI bhoga rahA hai|'155 jaina darzana evaM gItA ke Atmaupamya evaM samasta prANiyoM meM paramAtmA/Atmadarzana kI udAtta bhAvanA ko apekSAtaH ahiMsA kI AdhArazilA kahA jA sakatA hai| jisa dina manuSya samAja ke rUpa meM saMgaThita rahane lagA, ApasI sahayoga, vinimaya va vyavasthA ke anurUpa jIvana bitAne lagA, taba use sahiSNu banane kI AvazyakatA huii| dUsare manuSya ko na mArane, na satAne aura kaSTa na dene kI vRtti bnii| jise ahiMsA ke vyavahArika AdhAra kI saMjJA dI gyii| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-prAraMbha meM apane-apane parivAra ke manuSya ko na mArane kI vRtti rahI hogii| phira kramazaH apane par3ausI ko, apane grAmavAsI ko, apane rASTravAsI ko hote-hote kisI bhI manuSya ko na mArane kI cetanA bana gii| manuSya ke bAda apane upayogI jAnavaroM va pakSiyoM ko bhI na mArane kI vRtti bana gii|... dUsarI ora usakA vikAsa huA-samAja-nirapekSa bhUmikA evaM Atma-vikAsa kI bhitti pr| usakA lakSya thA deha mukti| isalie vaha prANI mAtra ko na mArane kI maryAdA se bhI Age bddh'ii| sUkSma vicAraNA meM avirati aura kriyA ke siddhAMta taka pahuMca gii|'56 ahiMsA kI yaha bhAvanA sAmAjika jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha hI prAraMbha huI aura upayogitA ke sAtha vikasita hotI gii| eka biMdu para upayogitA kI bAta bhI chUTa gaI aura deha mukti kA parama lakSya pramukha bana gyaa| ahiMsA kA lakSya ahiMsA virAT lakSya ke sAtha gatizIla bnii| jisakA vicAra samAja kI bhUmikA se Upara zarIra ko eka bAjU rakhakara kevala Atma-svarUpa kI bhitti para huA hai, prakaTa rUpa se usakA lakSya Atma zuddhi yA deha-mukti hI hai| isa saMdarbha meM ahiMsA kA lakSya Atma-zodhana-deha-mukti kahA jA sakatA hai| cU~ki mokSa kA svarUpa videha hai, Atyantika nivRtti, zarIra se bhI nivRtti| isakI siddhi meM eka sImA taka pravRtti mAnya hai kiMtu vahI jo saMyamamaya ho| ahiMsA saMbaMdhI sAmAjika dRSTikoNa isa biMdu para 76 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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bhinna par3a jAtA hai kyoMki sAmAjika dRSTi meM pravRtti kA mahattva hai| dhArmika evaM sAmAjika dRSTibheda kA ullekha mahAprajJa ne kiyA-dharma kA pravartana Atmazuddhi ke liye huA-aise vicAra vAloM ke lie ahiMsA amaryAdita dharma hai| ve ahiMsA ko upayogitA yA AvazyakatA ke bAToM se nahIM taulte| ve use saMyama kI tulA se taulate haiN| sacamuca hI ahiMsA samAja ke abhyudaya ke liye hI pravRtta huI hotI to usakI maryAdAe~ itanI sUkSma nahIM bntii| samAja nirapekSa banakara bhI vaha vikasita nahIM hotii| 57 isa maMtavya se spaSTa hotA hai ki ahiMsA kA lakSya vizuddha AdhyAtmika vikAsa rahA aura gauNa rUpa se sAmAjika abhyudaya svataH hotA rhaa| ahiMsA kA virAT kSetra ahiMsA ke virAT kSetra kA Azaya hai isakI pahu~ca kahA~ taka jAtI hai? praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM kahA gayA-'ahiMsA saba prANiyoM ke lie kalyANakArI hai|' yaha jitanI kalyANakArI hai, utanI hI virATa hai| isakI virATtA kI puSTi meM mahAprajJa ne ArSa vANI ko uddhRta kiyA-'ahiMsAbhUtAnaM brahma paramaM'-ahiMsA prANiyoM ke lie brahma hai| ahiMsA kalyANakArI bhI hai, virATa bhI hai aura zAzvata bhI hai| 'esa dhamme dhue niyae sAsae'-ahiMsA dharma dhruva, nitya aura zAzvata hai| zAzvata ke viSaya meM mImAMsA karanA kaThina hotA hai| ahiMsA zabda vyApakatA kA pratIka hai| isa zabda meM saMpUrNa saMsAra kA hita samAhita hai| isakA prabhAva kisI vyakti yA varga vizeSa para nahIM balki saMpUrNa saMsAra para hai| ahiMsA kI virATtA kA ullekha karate hue gAMdhI ne likhA-ahiMsA jagat kA eka mahAn siddhAMta hai| use koI miTA nahIM sktaa| mere jaise hajAroM ke usa para amala karate-karate mara jAne se vaha siddhAMta miTa nahIM sktaa| mara kara hI ahiMsA kA pracAra bddh'egaa|58 isa kathana meM ahiMsA kI dhruvatA kA nidarzana hai| ahiMsA kI maryAdA ahiMsA kA mArga pratisrota gAmI hai evaM gati UrdhvArohI hai| isakI puSTi gAMdhI ke kathana se hotI hai| unhoMne kahA burAI kA badalA bhalAI se cukAnA caahie| ahiMsA kI tAlIma lenI hotI hai aura use bar3hAnA par3atA hai| usakI gati Upara ko hotI hai isalie usako U~cI se U~cI coTI taka pahu~cane meM bar3I mehanata karanI par3atI hai| ahiMsA anubhava se maMje hue AdamI ko hI cunatI hai| 59 apane kathana kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA-ahiMsA to eka sarvadezIya siddhAnta hai| pratikUla paristhiti usakI kriyA ko kisI sImA ke andara bAMdha nahIM sktii| virodha meM aura virodha ke hote hue bhI vaha apanA kAma karatI rahatI hai| kSetra vizAla hone para bhI ahiMsA kI apanI kucha sImAeM-maryAdAe~ bhI haiN| yena-kena prakAreNa ahiMsA kola o lAga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isameM bala-prayoga ko kahIM sthAna hI nahIM hai| jahA~ bhI ahiMsA meM bhaya yA pralobhana A gayA, vahA~ eka nayA vyApAra zurU ho gyaa| ataH isa bAta para vizeSa bala diyA gayA ki-'pralobhana na de-eka vyakti ne kahA-bakare ko mata mAro, pacAsa rupaye duuNgaa| usa vyakti ne use na mAranA svIkAra kara liyaa| use pacAsa rupaye mila ge| aba vaha roja jyAdA bakare lAne lgaa| yaha eka nayA vyApAra ho gyaa|' isa kathana se prakaTa hotA hai ki jahA~ bhI bhaya-pralobhana kA prayoga hotA hai, vahA~ hiMsA ke naye-naye rUpa dikhAI dete haiN| ahiMsA kI mukhya tIna maryAdAoM kA ahiMsA eka : saMdarbha aneka / 77

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jikra mahAprajJa ne kiyA-1. upadeza hRdaya-parivartana, 2. mauna 3. ekAMta meM cale jaanaa| 60 hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM yaha bahuta upayukta kathana hai| ahiMsA kA vikAsa isakI maryAdA meM rahakara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA ke phalitArtha jisa pravRtti se ahiMsA kA vikAsa ho, pariNAma najara Aye vahI prakriyA ahiMsA ke phalitArtha kI dyotaka vanatI hai| gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahA~ apAra dhIraja, bhItarI zAnti, bhale-bure kA jJAna, Atma tyAga aura saccI jAnakArI bhI hai| isa saMdarbha meM ahiMsA ke phalitArtha kA jo ullekha AcArya mahAprajJa ne kiyA jJAtavya hai. ahiMsA kA artha prANoM kA viccheda na karanA-itanA hI nahIM, usakA artha hai-mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika pravRttiyoM ko zuddha rkhnaa| . jIva nahIM mare, baca gae yaha vyavahArika ahiMsA hai, ahiMsA kA prAsaMgika pariNAma hai| hiMsA ke doSa se hiMsaka kI AtmA bacI-yaha vAstavika ahiMsA hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka se hotA hai, mAre jAne vAle aura na mAre jAne vAle prANI se nhiiN| nivRtti ahiMsA hai| pravRtti do prakAra kI hotI hai, unameM jo rAga-dveSa rahita hotI hai, vaha ahiMsA aura rAga dveSa yukta hotI hai, vaha hiMsA hai| . ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha jIvita rahane se nahIM, usakA saMbaMdha to duSpravRtti kI nivRtti se hai, nivRtti ekAMtarUpa meM ahiMsA hai-yaha to nirvivAda viSaya hai para rAga, dveSa, moha, pramAda Adi doSoM se rahita pravRtti bhI ahiMsAtmaka hai| 62 nirdopa pravRtti kA mArgadarzana ziSya kI jijJAsu cetanA kA pratIka hai-'prabho! kRpA karake Apa batAe~ ki hama kaise caleM, kaise khar3e hoM, kisa taraha baiTheM, kisa taraha leTeM, kaise khAe~ aura kisa taraha bole, jisase pApa-karma kA baMdhana na ho| ise samAhita karate hue guru ne kahA-'AyuSyamAna! yatanA pUrvaka calane se, yatanApUrvaka khar3e hone se, yatanApUrvaka baiThane se, yatanApUrvaka leTane se, yatanApUrvaka bhojana karane se aura yatanApUrvaka bolane se pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa|163 sArAMzataH satpuruSoM kA khAnA, pInA, calanA, baiThanA Adi jIvana kriyAe~ jo ahiMsA pAlana kI dRSTi se sajagatayA kI jAtI hai; ve saba ahiMsAtmaka hI haiN| ahiMsA kI phalazruti kA navanIta hai-Atma-tulA kA vistaar| sarva prathama vyakti pArivArika sadasya ko apane samAna samajhane lgaa| kramazaH apanI jAti, samAja, prAnta aura rASTra ke vyaktiyoM ko| agale caraNa meM mAnava-mAnava bhAI-bhAI kA svara guuNjaa| antima caraNa meM prANImAtra samAna haiM, yaha buddhi meM samA gyaa| ahiMsA ekaH tadarbha aneka meM vibhinna viSayoM kA vimarza ahiMsA ke arthagAmbhIrya ko vyApaka stara para, vibhinna koNoM se samajhane hetu kiyA gayA AyAsa hai| 78 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna gAMdhI ke mana-vacana-karma se jur3akara ahiMsA siddhAMta nUtana prANa pratiSThA ko prApta huaa| unase pUrva ahiMsA se vyakti athavA samudAya lAbhAnvita hote raheM, usa krama meM parivartana ghaTita huaa| gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ko vizva vyApI banAne kA zreya paayaa| prazna hai gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ko kisa rUpa meM prasiddha kiyA? ahiMsA ke pujArI banakara? ahiMsA ke prAyojaka banakara? ahiMsA ke upadeSTA banakara ? ahiMsA ke sAdhaka banakara? kisI eka prazna ke uttara meM gAMdhI kI ahiMsA ko jhAMkanA asaMbhava hai| ina sabhI kA sakArAtmaka samAcaraNa hI gAMdhI ahiMsA kA prArUpa ho sakatA hai| unhoMne ahiMsA kI adamya zakti se vaha kara dikhAyA jo asaMbhava mAnA jAtA thaa| ahiMsA ko vyaktigata mukti kA kAraNa saMta-mahaMtamahApuruSa mAnate aura Acarate Aye haiN| para, kisI rASTra ko parataMtratA kI ber3iyoM se mukta karane hetu ahiMsA kA prayoga itihAsa kA apUrva svarNima dastAvez2a hai| 'apanI mukti apane hI hAthoM meM hai' yaha bodhapATha gAMdhI ne kamajora-se kamajora mulka ko bhI ahiMsA ke jariye bhAratIya udAharaNa se pddh'aayaa| gAMdhI na koI saMsadIya dArzanika the aura na hI tarka shaastrii| adhyayana aura manana ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai vAstava meM ve eka karmayogI the aura apanI anubhUtiyoM ko sIdhe-sarala bhASA meM prakaTa karane ke AdI the| zAstrIya dRSTi se ahiMsA kI paribhASA kI ummIda unase nahIM kI jA sktii| zAstrIya dRSTi se kisI bhI paribhASA meM usa pada kI saMpUrNa guNavAcakatA kA varNana hotA hai| cUMki saMpUrNa gaNavAcakatA kA samAveza eka dRSkara kArya hai jo tarkazAstrI hI kara sakate haiN| ataH gAMdhI dvArA ahiMsA saMbaMdhI jo bhI vicAra-vyavahAra prakaTa huA vahI unakA ahiMsA darzana vanatA gyaa| ahiMsA kA artha gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA kA artha bahuta vyApaka hai| aMgrejI kA 'nAna vAyaleMsa' zabda usake lie vilkula aparyApta hai| ahiMsA zabda jina saba arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai, usako sUcita karane ke lie vaha adhUrA hai| isase adhika upayukta zabda to zAyada prema athavA sadbhAva hogA, kyoMki hiMsA kA mukAbalA to sadbhAva se hI karanA pdd'egaa| spaSTa rUpa se gAMdhI kI ahiMsA avadhAraNA pracalita mAnyatAoM ke sAtha kucha aura jor3akara Age bddh'ii| unhoMne apane vicAroM kI ahiMsA kA citraNa kiyA-'ahiMsA pratyeka prANI ke viruddha dveSa kA abhAva hai| yaha pragatizIla dazA hai| isakA artha cetana rUpa se kaSTa bhoganA hai| ahiMsA apane sakriya rUpa meM jIvana ke prati sadbhAvanA hai| yaha zuddha prema hai| prema ke mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 79

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rUpa meM ahiMsA jagat meM sarvAdhika kAryakArI zakti hai|'64 unake hRdaya meM ahiMsA kA jo virATa svarUpa thA vaha advitIya hai| unakI ahiMsA sAre jagat ke prati prema kA AhvAna karatI hai| gAMdhI ne likhA-'ahiMsA kA kriyAtmaka rUpa kyA hai? prANImAtra ke prati sdbhaav| yahI zaddha prema hai| kyA hindU zAstroM, kyA bAIvila aura kyA kurAna, saba jagaha mujhe to yahI dikhAI detA hai|' prema ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA ko manovaijJAnika dRSTi se dekhA jAe to ahiMsA ko unhoMne dveSa kA abhAva mAnA hai kisI bhI prANI ke prati cAhe vaha choTA ho yA bar3A usake prati dveSabhAva rakhanA hiMsA hai| bhAvAtmaka zabdoM meM prema hI ahiMsA hai| yaha manovaijJAnika dazA jaba hamAre vyavahAroM aura kriyAoM meM prakaTa hotI hai taba vaha prema aura dveSa rahita avasthA AtmapIr3ana meM prakaTa ho jAtI hai| ahiMsA kA sAdhaka dUsare kI rakSA ke lie usake prati sadbhAvanA ke lie svayaM sabhI prakAra ke kaSTa bhogane ke lie taiyAra rahatA hai aura AvazyakatA par3ane para vaha apane prANoM ko bhI nyauchAvara kara detA hai| isalie gAMdhI ne kriyAzIla avasthA meM ahiMsA ko sabhI jIvoM ke prati sadbhAvanA aura prema kA paryAya mAnA hai| unake zabdoM meM dUsaroM ke lie prANArpaNa karanA bhI prema kI parAkASThA hai aura usakA zAstrIya nAma ahiMsA hai| arthAt yoM kaha sakate haiM ki ahiMsA hI sevA hai|165 ye vicAra maulikatA ke pratIka haiN| apanI pRSThabhUmi meM unakA hiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAra bar3A sUkSma thaa| jIvana ke vyavahAra pakSa meM ghaTita hone vAlI hiMsA ke bAre meM unakA ciMtana thA-kisI ko gAlI denA, usakA burA cAhanA, usakA tADana karanA, use kaSTa pahaMcAnA sabhI kacha hiMsA hai| jo manuSya apane svArtha ke lie dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahuMcAtA hai, unake nAka-kAna kATatA hai, use bharapeTa khAne ko nahIM detA aura anya upAya se usakA apamAna karatA hai, vaha mRtyudaNDa dene vAle kI apekSA vahA~ adhika nirdayatA dikhalAtA hai| unakI vizAla dRSTi meM 'tamAma kharAba vicAra hiMsA hai| dveSavaira-DAha hiMsA hai| kisI kA burA cAhanA hiMsA hai| jisakI jagat ko jarUrata hai, usa para kabjA rakhanA bhI hiMsA hai|' anyAyI kAnUna khuda eka kisma kI hiMsA hai| hiMsA kI yaha sUkSma mImAMsA kI ora gatizIla banane ke lie mahatvapUrNa hai| ahiMsA kyA hai? ahiMsA kA jo artha gAMdhI ne kiyA usameM maulikatA ko khojanA nAmumakina hai| 'ahiMsA kA dharma kevala itanA hI nahIM hai ki 'jIva na mAro' / krodha athavA svArtha ke vaza hokara kisI vyakti kA aniSTa karane ke irAde se use dukha denA yA usake deha kA nAza karane kA nAma hiMsA hai| aisA na karanA hI ahiMsA hai| 16" yaha ahiMsA kI sUkSma paribhASA hai| isameM hiMsA karane vAle vyakti kA pramatta bhAva prakaTa huA hai| ataH hiMsA ke mUla kA saMsparza karane se isa paribhASA ko Adarza ahiMsA kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA virAT svarUpA hai usakI bhAvanAtmaka sthiti kA citraNa kiyaa| ahiMsA kA artha hai prema kA samudra, vairabhAva kA sarvathA tyaag| ahiMsA meM dInatA, bhIrUtA na ho| Darakara bhAganA bhI na ho| ahiMsA meM dRr3hatA, vIratA, nizchalatA honI caahie|......ahiNsaa lUle-laMgar3e prANiyoM ko na mArane meM hI samApta nahIM hotii| prakaTatayA gAMdhI kI ahiMsA AtmaniSTa evaM naitika usUloM se jur3I huI thii| ahiMsA ke mAne pUrNa nirdopitA hI hai| arthAt 'pUrNa ahiMsA kA artha hai prANImAtra ke prati durbhAvanA kA abhaav|' yaha manaHsthiti kevala manuSya jAti taka hI sImita na rahe isakA kSetra hiMsa 80 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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pazuoM ko apanAne taka vyaa| isa dRSTi se ahiMsA eka pUrNa mAnasika sthiti hai| sArI manuSya jAti isa lakSya kI ora saMbhavataH, anajAna meM jA rahI hai| pratyeka prANI ke prati AtmAnubhUti kI sthiti meM hI ahiMsA phalatI-phUlatI hai| prANImAtra ke prati jaba taka samAna anubhUti nahIM jAgatI taba taka samabhAva bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA aura binA samabhAva ke ahiMsA mAtra Adarza rahatI hai jIvana kA vyavahAra nahIM bana paatii| ahiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa kA pratipAdana maulika hai-'ahisA ke mAne sUkSma jantuoM se lekara manuSya taka sabhI jIvoM ke prati smbhaav|' yaha samatAmUlaka ahiMsA kA svarUpa hai| aisI vikasita ahiMsA hI vyakti-vyakti ke bIca, samAja aura rASTroM ke bIca jo durAva bar3ha rahA hai, viSamatAeM saghana banatI jA rahI haiM use samAnatA-ekatA kA pATha par3hAne meM samartha hotI hai| mAnasika stara para ahiMsA kI carcA karate hue gAMdhI ne kahA-'ahiMsA citta kI vRtti bhI hai aura tajjAta karma bhI hai, ahiMsA kA artha hai-auroM ko takalIpha na denaa|' isa nivRtti mUlaka paribhASA ke sAtha ahiMsA kA sakArAtmaka svarUpa bhI batalAyA 'ahiMsA ahAnikArakatA kI sirpha eka nakArAtmaka sthiti hI nahIM hai balki yaha sneha kI sakArAtmaka sthiti hai aura eka aisI sthiti hai jisameM burA karane vAloM ke sAtha bhI acchA kiyA jAtA hai| 167 unakI yaha aTUTa AsthA thI ki burAI para vijaya bhalAI se hI pAI jA sakatI hai| gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM pyAra karane vAle se pyAra karanA ahiMsA nhiiN| ahiMsA use kahate hai jaba napharata karane vAle ke sAtha pyAra kiyA jaae| ve isa pyAra ke kAnUna ko mAnane aura usake sAtha calane kI kaThinAI se bhI vAkipha the| napharata karane vAle se pyAra karanA sabase kaThina hai| para Izvara kRpA se isa kaThina kArya ko bhI saMpAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha unakI anubhUta saccAI thii| sAmAnyatayA ahiMsA kA artha kisI ko na mAranA kiyA jAtA hai yA kisI ko coTa na paha~cAnA mAnA jAtA hai para gAMdhI kI ahiMsA isase bhI Age hai| ve kahate-'sajIva cIjoM ko coTa na pahu~cAnA ahiMsA kA eka hissA jarUra hai| para ise bahuta kama abhivyakta kiyA gayA ki ahiMsA kA siddhAMta aniSTa soca, anucita zIghratA, napharata aura dUsaroM kA burA grahaNa nahIM krtaa| 168 ahiMsA kA siddhAMta naitika patana, vyavahArika vidrupatA aura AdhyAtmika hAni ko bardAsta nahIM krtaa| ahiMsA kyA hai? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM gAMdhI ke vividha vicAra hai| jinameM navInatA, maulikatA aura uccatA ke darzana hote haiM unakI dRSTi meM 'ahiMsA pracaMDa zakti hai| usakA pUrA teja hama na dekha sakate na mApa sakate haiN| hamameM se kisI-kisI ko hI usakI jhAMkI bhara mila jAtI hai|' isakI jhAMkI pAne vAle sAkSAtdraSTA tapasvI ne cAroM aura phailI huI hiMsA meM se ahiMsA devI ko saMsAra ke sAmane prakaTa karake kahA-hiMsA mithyA hai, mAyA hai, ahiMsA hI satya vastu hai| brahmacarya, asteya, aparigraha bhI ahiMsA ke lie hI hai| ahiMsA satya kA prANa haiN| unakI dRSTi meM pUrNa satya aura pUrNa ahiMsA meM bheda nahIM; satya aura ahiMsA-sikke kI do pIThoM kI bhA~ti eka hI sanAtana vastu ke do pahaluoM ke samAna hai| samakoNa saba jagaha eka hI prakAra kA hotA hai| dUsare koNa agaNita haiN| ahiMsA aura satya ye saba dharmoM ke samakoNa haiN| virAT ahiMsA parikalpanA ko prastuti dI-'ahiMsA eka mahAvrata hai| talavAra kI dhAra para calane se bhI kaThina hai| dehadhArI ke lie usakA solaha AnA pAlana asaMbhava hai| usake pAlana ke lie ghora tapazcaryA kI AvazyakatA hai| tapazcaryA kA yahA~ artha tyAga aura jJAna karanA caahie| 16 ahiMsA saMbaMdhI yaha soca gAMdhI kI apanI nirAlI hai| Ama loga anubhava karate hai ki ahiMsA kA pUrNa pAlana mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 81

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duSkara kArya hai| jisakI tyAga cetanA aura jJAna cetanA kA jAgaraNa ho gayA hai vahI vyakti isa mArga para Age bar3ha sakatA hai| gAMdhI kA spaSTa ghoSa thA 'ahiMsA kSatriya kA guNa hai|' kAyara usakA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| dayA to zUravIra hI dikhA sakate haiN| jisa kArya meM jisa aMza taka dayA hai usa kArya meM usI aMza taka ahiMsA ho sakatA hai| isalie dayA meM jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai| aMdha prema ko ahiMsA nahIM khte| aMdha prema ke adhIna jo mAtA apane bAlaka ko aneka taraha se dulAratI hai vaha ahiMsA nahIM, ajJAna-jAta hiMsA hai| maiM cAhatA hUM ki khAne-pIne kI maryAdAoM ko mahattva na dekara loga usakA pAlana karate hue bhI ahiMsA ke virATa rUpa ko, usakI sUkSmatA ko, usake marma ko smjhe| 70 tathyataH kSAtra dharma ahiMsA aura kSamA pradhAna thA isake anupAlaka bar3e zUravIra the| mahAvIra kSatriya the| buddha kSatriya the| ve ahiMsA ke avatAra puruSa khlaaye|| ___ ahiMsA hRdaya kI uccatama bhAvanA hai| jaba taka hamArA ApasI vyavahAra zuddha nahIM hai taba taka pIkAranA hogA ki ahiMsA-bhAva kA sparza taka nahIM huA hai| gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM-'ahiMsA hRdaya kA guNa hai|' isakA khulAsA thA ki khAdyA-khAdya meM hI ahiMsA kI parisamApti nahIM hotI sUkSma dRSTi se ina vastaoM kA khyAla rakhanA statya hai| paranta jo ahiMsA parama dharma hai, vaha isa ahiMsA se kahIM bar3hakara hai| yaha parama dharma mAnava kA svabhAva hai| ahiMsA manuSya jAti kA sarvocca svabhAva hai| yadi vaha dharma hai to bar3I-se-bar3I bAdhAoM kA mukAbalA karake bhI apanA rAstA sApha kregii| ahiMsA ko siddhAMta rUpa meM prastuti milI-'ahiMsA eka avicala siddhAMta hai| isake jariye mAnava sRSTi kA vikAsa huA hai| jo isa siddhAMta para jitanI zraddhA aura bhakti se amala karegA utanA hI AnaMda bhoga kara skegaa| ahiMsA paramo dharmaH yadi hama ahiMsA kI sAdhanA karanA cAhate haiM to hameM ahiMsA zabda ke artha samudra meM kUda par3anA hI pdd'egaa| apane pUrvajoM kI jamA kI huI pU~jI meM vRddhi karanA hI hamArA dharma hai| 'ahiMsA paramodharmaH' nAmaka sUtra ko hama nahIM sudhAra sakate parantu yadi hameM usa pU~jI ke vArisa bane rahanA hai to hameM vartamAna meM usakI amita zakti kI khoja karate rahanA caahie| yaha maMtavya gAMdhI kI saghana AsthA kA dyotaka hai| vyAvahArika stara para unakI dRSTi meM isa sUtra se bar3hakara koI AcAra nahIM hai| yadi manuSya ahiMsA kA ThIka-ThIka tAtparya samajha le aura jIvana ke kAryoM meM usakA ucita rUpa se upayoga karane lage to vaha mahAtmA aura vIra ho jAtA hai| yadi usakA ThIka-ThIka tAtparya na samajhA jAya aura ucita upayoga na kiyA jAya to manuSya kAyara, nirjIva, nIca aura vAhiyAta ho jAtA hai| ataH ahiMsA ko parama dharma aMgIkAra kara lene se loka-jIvana kI yaha AvazyakatA anAyAsa siddha ho jAtI hai| ___ ahiMsA viSayaka sUkSma soca ko zabdoM kA libAsa dete hue kahA-'ahiMsA kA bhAva dikhAI denevAle meM hI nahIM hai balki aMtaHkaraNa kI rAga-dveSa rahita sthiti meM hai| cUMki ahiMsA AcaraNa kA sthUla niyama mAtra nahIM hai, balki mana kI vRtti hai| jisa vRtti meM dveSa kI gaMdha taka na ho vaha ahiMsA hai' isa rUpa meM gAMdhI kI ahiMsA vividha viSayI hote hue bhI bar3I sUkSma aura vizAla thii| unakI ahiMsA kevala anAghAta kA hI paryAya nahIM hai, pratyuta vaha jIvoM ke prati AMtarika bhakti aura prema ko bhI abhivyakta karatI hai| 82 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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gAMdhI apane ko svapnadarzI nahIM eka vyAvahArika AdarzavAdI hone kA dAvA karate the| unhoMne kahA-ahiMsA kA dharma kevala RSiyoM aura mahAtmAoM ke lie nahIM, vaha jana sAdhAraNa ke lie bhI hai| jisa taraha se hiMsA pazuoM kA jIvana-dharma hai, usI taraha se ahiMsA hama mAnavoM kaa|......jin RSiyoM ne hiMsA ke bIca ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kA patA lagAyA, ve nyUTana se bhI adhika sampanna the| ve veliMgaTana se bhI bar3e yoddhA the| zastroM ke prayoga ko svayaM jAnakara bhI unhoMne unakI nirarthakatA ko samajhA aura isa thake hue saMsAra ko sikhAyA ki mukti hiMsA ke dvArA nahIM, balki ahiMsA ke dvArA hI mila sakatI hai| 72 yaha gAMdhI kI ahiMsA AsthA kA stambha hai| kuvicAra mAtra hiMsA hai| mithyA bhASaNa hiMsA hai| spaSTa hai ki gAMdhI kI ahiMsA meM vaicArika pavitratA bhI nitAMta Avazyaka hai, vANI aura saMvegoM ko bhI niyaMtrita rakhanA anivArya hai| gAMdhI kI ahiMsA avadhAraNA mana, vacana aura karma se saMbaddha hai| ahiMsA ke vibhinna rUpa gAMdhIvAda ciMtana meM ahiMsA ke mukhya tIna prakAra milate haiM1 nirapekSa ahiMsA evaM sApekSa ahiNsaa| 2 nakArAtmaka ahiMsA evaM sakArAtmaka ahiNsaa| 3 prayogakartAoM ke prasaMga meM ahiMsA ke prkaar| nirapekSa ahiMsA (AbsoluteAhinsa) hiMsA kA pUrNa abhAva tathA samasta jar3a-cetana va dRzya-adRzya sRSTi ke prati pUrNa prema kI avasthA hai| yaha ahiMsA kA pUrNa vikasita rUpa hai jise sRSTi kI nirantara sakriya-sRjanAtmaka AdhyAtmika zakti bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH nirapekSa ahiMsA Atma pratiSThita cetanA kA hI lakSaNa hai| mAnava dvArA kevala sApekSa ahiMsA (RelativeAhinsa) kA pAlana hI saMbhava hai| sApekSa ahiMsA deza, kAla evaM sthiti ke prasaMga meM mAnava dvArA apanAne yogya vyAvahArika ahiMsA hai| isameM mAnava apane athavA samAja ke astitva kI rakSA kI dRSTi se hiMsA karane ko majabUra ho sakatA hai, kintu isa sthiti meM bhI hiMsA kama-se-kama karane kA lakSya banA rhe| sApekSa ahiMsA kI dhAraNA ke anusAra mAnava jIvita rahate hue nyUnatama hiMsA se chuTakArA nahIM pA sakatA hai| usake lie sApekSa ahiMsA eka saMbhava va vyAvahArika Adarza hai aura yadi koI vyakti nyUnatama hiMsA kI maryAdA kA pAlana karate hue jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, to yaha mAnA jAnA cAhie ki vaha ahiMsA-vrata kA pAlana kara rahA hai|'73 nakArAtmaka ahiMsA (NegativeAhinsa) ke apara nAma haiM-niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA, abhAvAtmaka ahiMsA athavA niSkriya ahiNsaa| yaha siddhAMta rUpa meM nirapekSa ahiMsA ke samAna hiMsA ke pUrNa niSedha meM vizvAsa karatI hai, kintu vyavahAra meM yaha sApekSa ahiMsA kI taraha jIvana kI rakSA ke lie nyUnatama hiMsA kI majabUrI ko bhI svIkAratI hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki sApekSa ahiMsA kI tulanA meM nakArAtmaka ahiMsA meM 'nyUnatama hiMsA' ke siddhAMta kA adhika kaThoratA se pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| nakArAtmaka ahiMsA kA anuyAyI phasala kI hAnikAraka kIToM se rakSA ke lie athavA sarpa, bicchU Adi viSaile jantuoM se apane jIvana kI rakSA ke lie athavA maccharoM se apane svAsthya kI rakSA ke lie ina sabako vadha ke sthAna para anya rakSAtmaka upAyoM ko apanAnA pasaMda karatA hai| sakArAtmaka ahiMsA (PositiveAhinsa) ke anya nAma haiM-bhAvAtmaka ahiMsA, vidheyAtmaka ahiMsA mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 83

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athavA sakriya ahiNsaa| sakArAtmaka ahiMsA kA mUla lakSaNa prANI mAtra ke prati sakriya prema kI bhAvanA hai| 'sakriya prema' kA artha hai apane se adhika dUsaroM ko prema krnaa| gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM-'vAstavika prema una vyaktiyoM se prema karanA hai jo tumase ghRNA karate hoM, apane usa par3ausI se prema karanA, jisa para tumheM bhale hI vizvAsa nahIM ho.............. / unhoneM sakArAtmaka ahiMsA ko 'prema kI parAkASThA' mAnA hai|' gAMdhI ke anusAra ahiMsA sarvocca naitika aura AdhyAtmika zakti kI pratIka hai usake pramukha tIna rUpa haiN| 1. jAgRta ahiMsA-Enlightend Non-violence 2. aucityapUrNa ahiMsA-Reasonable Non-violence 3. bhIrUoM kI ahiMsA-Non-violence of cowardsi75 jAgRta ahiMsA vaha hai jo vyakti meM antarrAtmA kI pukAra para svAbhAvika rUpa se apanAI jAtI hai ise vyakti apane AMtarika vicAroM kI utkRSTatA athavA naitikatA ke kAraNa svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra kI ahiMsA meM asambhava ko bhI saMbhava meM badala dene kI apAra zakti nihita hotI hai| aucitya pUrNa ahiMsA vaha hai jo jIvana ke kisI kSetra meM vizeSa AvazyakatA par3ane para aucityAnusAra eka nIti ke rUpa meM apanAI jaae| yadyapi yaha ahiMsA durbala vyaktiyoM kI hai, para yadi isakA pAlana ImAnadArI aura dRr3hatA se kiyA jAe to kAphI zaktizAlI aura lAbhadAyaka siddha ho sakatI hai| 'bhIrUoM kI ahiMsA Darapoka aura kAyaroM kI ahiMsA hai| kAyaratA aura ahiMsA, pAnI tathA Aga kI bhAMti eka sAtha nahIM raha skte|'305 gAMdhI ne kAyaratA ko hiMsA se bhI burA maanaa| ve kahate yadi mujhe donoM meM se eka ko cunanA huA to maiM nizcita hI hiMsA ko cunuuNgaa| ahiMsA gAMdhI kA sAdhya thI para isakI akhaMDa prApti mAnava jIvana meM saMbhava nahIM hai ataH adhikAdhika ahiMsA kA pAlana hI mAnava-jIvana kA lakSya hai| bhAvAtmaka zuddhatA ke AdhAra para ahiMsA kI tripadI mahatvapUrNa haiM vIroM kI ahiMsA-ise naitika AsthA ke AdhAra para apanAyA jAtA hai na ki apanI asahAya avasthA ke kaarnn| yaha ahiMsA kA sarvAdhika zaktizAlI rUpa hai| yaha apane anuyAyiyoM meM sabhI prakAra kI vipadAoM kA sAmanA karane kA sAhasa utpanna kara detI hai| aisI ahiMsA kA dhAraka akelA hI sAre saMsAra ko cunautI de sakatA hai tathA usameM parivartana lA sakatA hai| nItigata ahiMsA-ahiMsA ko nIti (Policy) kA viSaya mAnakara vyAvahArikatA kI dRSTi se apanAye jAne para 'nItigata ahiMsA' kahA jAtA hai| ise 'durbaloM kI ahiMsA' athavA 'niSkriya pratirodha' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM virodhI para hiMsA kA prayoga svayaM kI durbalatA ke kAraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA, kintu anukUla avasara hone para hiMsA kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1946-1947 meM hindU-muslima daMgoM ko dekhakara gAMdhI ne bhArata kI ahiMsA ko isa prakAra kA batalAyA thaa| kAyaroM kI ahiMsA-yaha ahiMsA kA nikRSTa prakAra hai aura vastutaH chipe hue rUpa meM hiMsA hI hai| kAyara loga apane zatru se ghRNA karate haiM aura use adhikatama hAni pahu~cAnA cAhate haiM, parantu apane zatru para hiMsAtmaka prahAra karane kA sAhasa hI nahIM rkhte| ve aisI niSkriya hiMsA yA kAyaratApUrNa ahiMsA ko apanAte haiN|" ahiMsA ke ye rUpa pragatizIlatA ke dyotaka haiN| unameM ahiMsA vicAra ko Adarza aura paristhiti ke anurUpa prakaTa karane kI adbhuta zakti thii| ve ahiMsA ko mAtra siddhAMtavAdI 84 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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hokara nahIM vyavahArika hokara apanAte the| 'merI ahiMsA koI kitAbI siddhAMta nahIM hai jo anukUla avasara dekhakara batalAyI jAya / yaha vaisA siddhAMta hai, jise maiM sabhI kAryakSetroM meM lAne kA prayatna apane jIvana ke pratyeka kSaNa meM kara rahA huuN|' unakA yaha prayatna sabake lie preraNA banatA gyaa| ahiMsA ke vibhinna prayoga unakI jIvanazAlA ke paryAya bneN| pariNAma svarUpa nayA darzana prasphuTita huA, jisakI jhalaka-ahiMsA ke prayoga se meM yaha sIkhA hUM ki asalI ahiMsA kA artha sava logoM kA zarIra zrama hai| eka rUsI dArzanika borDa repha ne ise roTI ke lie zrama kahA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki logoM meM Apasa meM gahare se gaharA sahayoga ho......cauMtIsa sAla ke satya aura ahiMsA ke lagAtAra prayoga aura anubhava se mujhe dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki yadi ahiMsA kA jJAnapUrvaka zarIra zrama ke sAtha saMbaMdha na hogA aura hamAre par3osiyoM ke sAtha rojamarrA ke vyavahAra meM usakA paricaya na milegA to ahiMsA Tika nahIM skegii| 78 yaha racanAtmaka kAryakrama kA rahasya bhI thaa| ahiMsA kI zakti aNu aura paramANu kI tulanA meM ahiMsA kI zakti zreSTha aura vizAla hai- 'eTama bama ke yuga meM zuddha ahiMsA hI aisI zakti hai jo hiMsA kI saMpUrNa cAloM ko viphala kara sakatI hai|' virAT sAmarthya ke kAraNa hI gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ko pracaNDa zakti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA aura mahApracaNDa zakti kA darjA diyaa| unakA abhimata thA ki ahiMsA kI zakti kA koI mApa nahIM, jisameM dhIraja hogA vaha jarUra usakA rasa luuttegaa| ahiMsA kI ajeya zakti meM unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA-ahiMsA aura zAyada akelI ahiMsA hI vipa ko amRta meM badalane kI zakti rakhatI hai| bahuta se loga yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki Aja ke cAroM ora phaile viSa ko amRta meM badalane kA eka mAtra mArga ahiMsA hI hai kintu unameM isa svarNima mArga ko apanAne kA sAhasa nahIM hai| maiM DaMke kI coTa se kaha sakatA hU~ ki ahiMsA kabhI asaphala nahIM rhii| loga bezaka ahiMsA kI U~cAI taka nahIM pahu~ca ske| spaSTatayA unakI soca meM yaha duniyA kI sabase bar3I zakti hai jisakA koI vikalpa nhiiN| ahiMsA sadaiva sakriya rahane vAlI ati sUkSma zakti hai jisakI tulanA reDiyama kI zakti se kI hai| AtmA aura zarIra ke bheda kI upamA ke AdhAra para gAMdhI ne ahiMsA aura hiMsA zakti meM aMtara kiyA hai| ahiMsA sakriya reDiyama dhAtu kI taraha hai| usakA ati sUkSma kaNa bhI, cAhe use kitanA hI davAkara rakhA gayA ho, parokSa rIti se nirantara apanA kArya karatA rhegaa| vaha samasta mala aura roga ko ArogyadAyI vasta meM pariNata kara degaa| isI prakAra thoDI-sI saccI a sUkSma aura parokSa rIti se kAma karatI hai| vaha samasta samAja meM khamIra kI bhA~ti vyApta ho jAtI hai| isa apekSA se ahiMsA svayaM sakriya hai| AtmA mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI banI rahatI hai| jisa prakAra usakA astitva zarIra ke AdhAra para nahIM TikA hai, usI prakAra ahiMsA athavA Atma zakti bhI apane vistAra ko zArIrika yA bhautika AdhAroM para avalambita nahIM krtii| vaha svataMtra rIti se kAma karatI hai| vaha deza aura kAla ko lAMgha jAtI hai| ahiMsA yadi eka sthAna para bhI saphalatA ke sAtha khila sake; to usakI sugaMdha cAroM ora phaila jaayegii| gAMdhI ne apane maMtavya ko kaI bAra doharAyA ki merI dhAraNA ke anurUpa to ahiMsA kisI bhI rUpa yA artha meM niSkriya vRtti hai hI nhiiN| vaijJAnika prayogoM kI Azcarya-janakatA ko pAra karane vAlI adbhuta zakti ahiMsA meM hai| gAMdhI mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 85

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ke anusAra-'prAkRtika niyamoM ke prayoga dvArA Azcaryajanaka bAteM utpanna karane vAle vaijJAnika kI bhAMti koI vyakti prema kA vaijJAnika yathArtha ke sAtha prayoga kareM to vaha isase adhika Azcaryajanaka bAteM utpanna kara sakegA kyoMki ahiMsA kI zakti vidyut Adi prAkRtika zaktiyoM se kahIM adhika ananta aura sUkSma hai|' ahiMsA kI aparimeya zakti meM gAMdhI kI aTUTa zraddhA thii| ve isa saMbaMdhI saMkucita dRSTi kA pratikAra kar3e zabdoM meM karate 'yaha samajhanA eka jabardasta bhUla hai ki ahiMsA kevala vyaktiyoM ke lie hI lAbhadAyaka hai, jana-samUha ke lie nhiiN| jitanA vaha vyakti ke lie dharma hai utanA hI vaha rASTroM ke lie bhI dharma hai|' unhoMne rASTrIya paimAne para ahiMsA dharma ko apanAkara isakI virAT zakti kA pradarzana duniyA ke samakSa prastuta kiyaa| ahiMsA dharma aura naitikatA kA paryAya hai| usake divya svarUpa ko rASTrIya aura aMtarrASTrIya kSetra meM kaise lAyA jAe? pahala kauna kare? inhIM praznoM ke bIca yuga bIte, sadiyAM bItI para samAdhAna na milaa| gAMdhI eka aisA sAhasI evaM phaulAdI vyakti thA jisane ahiMsA kI cirapoSita AkAMkSA ko AkAra diyaa| vizva itihAsa meM ahiMsA kA eka abhUtapUrva adhyAya racakara bhAvI pIr3hiyoM kA ahiMsaka-naitika patha darzana kiyaa| saccI AjAdI kA ahiMsA hI ekamAtra brahmAstra hai, ise prayoga kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita kiyaa| ahiMsA para acala AsthA bhArata kI AjAdI meM ahiMsA kI aham bhUmikA jaga jAhira hai| gAMdhI kA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki bhArata yadi kisI zarta para parataMtratA kI ber3iyA~ tor3a sakatA hai to vaha eka mAtra sAdhana hai-ahiNsaa| bala pUrvaka kahA-maiM aisA svapna dekha rahA hU~ ki merA deza ahiMsA dvArA svataMtratA prApta karegA aura maiM agaNita bAra saMsAra ke samakSa yaha bAta duharA denA cAhatA hU~ ki ahiMsA kA tyAga kara maiM apane deza kI svataMtratA prApta nahIM kruuNgaa| ahiMsA ke sAtha merA pariNaya itanA avicchinna hai ki maiM apanI isa sthiti se vilaga hone kI apekSA AtmahatyA kara lenA pasaMda kruuNgaa| ve apane isa praNa para DaTe rhe| nAnA avarodhoM ke bAvajUda unakA yaha vicAra kSaNabhara ke lie bhI palaTA nhiiN| ahiMsA se UMcI tAkata unakI dRSTi meM dUsarI thI hI nhaa| unakI antara AtmA bhArata kI svataMtratA isa mArga se hI dekhatI thii| unake zabdoM meM 'ahiMsA se baDI zakti manaSya jAti ko mAlama nahIM hai| isakI zakti yA prabhAvazIlatA meM merA vizvAsa aTala hai aura usI bhAMti merA yaha vizvAsa bhI aTala hai ki kevala ahiMsA ke hI jariye svataMtra hone kI zakti hindustAna meM hai| 183 unakA vicAra dina meM ujAle kI bhA~ti spaSTa thaa| unhoMne deza vAsiyoM ke samakSa apanI bAta spaSTa rUpa se rakhI thI bhArata ke pAsa apanI AjAdI ke sirpha do rAste haiN| yA to apanI AjAdI ke lie aura usa darje taka, sirpha ahiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM kA avalaMbana kare, yA hiMsA ke pazcimI sAdhanoM ko tathA usase jo-jo bAteM gRhIta hotI haiM; una sabako bar3hAne kA prayatna kre| para isa saccAI ko na bhUle ki zastrIkaraNa kI daur3a meM zAmila honA hindustAna ke lie apanA AtmaghAta karanA hai| gAMdhI ne balapUrvaka kahA-'bhArata agara ahiMsA ko ga~vA detA hai to saMsAra kI antima AzA para pAnI phira jAtA hai| jisa siddhAnta kA gata AdhI sadI se maiM dAvA karatA A rahA hU~ usa para maiM jarUra amala karU~gA aura AkhirI sA~sa taka maiM yaha AzA rakhUgA ki hindustAna ahiMsA ko eka dina apanA jIvana siddhAMta banAyegA, mAnava jAti ke gaurava kI rakSA kregaa|' eka ora mAnava jAti 86 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ke gaurava kA prazna thA to dUsarI tarapha ahiMsaka lar3AI ke jariye AjAdI hAsila kara duniyA ke samakSa eka misAla peza karane kI hArdika tmnnaa| isI Azaya se gAMdhI ne kahA thA-'hindustAna ke pAsa ina mulkoM ko bhejane ke lie sivAya ahiMsA ke aura kucha nahIM hai| lekina jaisA ki maiM kaha cukA hU~, yaha abhI taka bhejane ke lAyaka cIja nahIM huI hai; vaha aisI taba hogI, jaba hindustAna ahiMsA ke jariye AjAdI kara legaa|184 ahiMsA se hI AjAdI taya ho usake pIche unakI mAnasikatA yaha bhI thI ki sabase kamajora aura choTe manuSya ke lie bhI svataMtratA surakSita rahe aura yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba ahiMsA se hama svataMtratA prApta kreN| gAMdhI kA yaha spaSTa abhimata rahA ki 'ahiMsA ko kevala nIti ke bajAya eka jIvita zakti yAne aTUTa dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra na kara liyA jAya, taba taka mujha jaisoM ke lie, jo ahiMsA ke hAmI haiM, vaidhAnika aura lokataMtrIya zAsana kA dUra kA svapna hI hai| jabaki maiM vizvavyApI ahiMsA kA hAmI hU~, merA prayoga hindustAna taka hI sImita hai| yahA~ use saphalatA milI, to saMsAra binA kisI prayatna ke use svIkAra kara legaa| gAMdhI ke isa vicAra ko samarthana milaa| bhArata ke svarAjya aura bhArata ke bhaviSya ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhI kI dRSTi tAtkAlika hI nahIM, vaha dUra-dRSTi thii| usa dUradarzitA ko zraddhA ke AdhAra para hI thAme rakhA jA sakatA hai| cU~ki aMgrejoM kI mAnasikatA badale isa hetu gAMdhI ne sahayogAtmaka ravaiyA bhI apanAyA para usake jo pariNAma nikale ve bar3e nirAzA janaka the| gAMdhI ne svIkArA-pichalI laDAI meM hindastAna kI ora se sarvAdhika sahAyatA milane ke bAvajada briTena kI vRtti rolaTa ekTa aura aise hI rUpoM meM prakaTa huii| aMgrejI rUpI khatare kA mukAbalA karane ke lie kAMgresa ne asahayoga ko svIkAra kiyaa| jaliyAMvAlA bAga, sAimana kamIzana, golameja kAMphresa aura thor3e-se logoM kI zayarata ke lie sAre baMgAla ko kucalanA ye aMgrejI sarakAra ke ve kAranAme the jinase bhAratIya janatA kA dhairya TUTatA najara aayaa| AjAdI ke ahiMsaka AMdolana meM dUSita bhAvoM kA samAveza karane kI maMzA kA udAharaNa hai ki lokamAnya tilaka kA kahanA thA ki svAdhInatA AMdolana meM thor3I hiMsA huI to harja nahIM, deza kA kalyANa honA caahie| para bApU isase kabhI sahamata nahIM hue| unakA mAnanA thA ki ahiMsA se hI deza kA kalyANa ho sakatA hai aura ve isa siddhAMta para DaTe rhe| unake samakSa cunautIpUrNa vicAra the ki dakSiNa aphrIkA meM bahusaMkhyaka paradezI logoM ke bIca ApakI ahiMsA cala sakatI thI vahAM ahiMsA ThIka thI, parantu bhArata jaise vizAla deza meM aMgrejoM kA rAjya haTAne ke liye saba taraha ke sAdhana kAma meM A sakate haiN| ataH ahiMsA-hiMsA donoM se kAma kreN| koI mADareTa bhI ho, koI eksTrImisTa bhI ho, aura krAMtikArI bhI ho, gAMdhI ne aise anekazaH vicAroM kA pratikAra karate hue kahA thA-jo bhArata kI sazastra rakSA kI AvazyakatA meM vizvAsa karate haiM to isakA artha huA ki gata bIsa varSa yoM hI cale gaye, kAMgresavAdiyoM ne nizastra yuddha vijJAna sIkhane ke prAthamika kartavya ke prati bhArI upekSA dikhAyI aura kahA mujhe bhaya hai ki itihAsa mujhe hI lar3AI ke senApati ke rUpa meM duHkhajanaka bAta ke lie jimmevAra tthhraayegaa| bhaviSya kA itihAsa kahegA ki yaha to mujhe pahale hI dekha lenA cAhiye thA ki rASTra balavAna kI ahiMsA nahIM balki kevala nirbala kA ahiMsAtmaka niSkriya pratirodha sIkha rahA hai aura isaliye, itihAsakAra ke kathanAnusAra, kAMgresajanoM ke lie sainika zikSA mujhe muhaiyA kara denI cAhie thii| unake isa Atma nivedana se spaSTa hai ki svarAja bApU kI dRSTi meM kImatI cIja jarUra thA magara antima Adarza kI cIja vaha nahIM thii| mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 87

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svataMtra aura unnata hone ke lie eka hI mArga unnata aura zreSTha thA vaha thA satya aura ahiNsaa| gAMdhI apane vizvAsa ko prakaTa karate maiM ahiMsA kI duhAI isalie detA hUM ki maiM jAnatA hU~ akele usI ke bala para hI manuSya jAti sarvazreSTha zreya ko pahuMcatI hai-agale janma meM hI nahIM isa janma meM bhii| maiM hiMsA para AkSepa isalie karatA hU~ ki jaba usase hita hotA huA dikhAyI detA hai taba to vaha asthAyI hotA hai, para usase jo burAI hotI hai vaha sthAyI hotI hai| maiM nahIM mAnatA ki eka bhI aMgreja kA khUna karane se bhAratavarSa kA jarA bhI lAbha hogaa| deza kI AjAdI kA aMtaraMga mAhaula banAne ke lie vyakti-vyakti meM ahiMsA kI niSThA paidA karane ke lie gAMdhI ne racanAtmaka kAryakrama prastuta kiye| bhArata gA~voM kA deza hai isakA pratyeka gA~va Atma nirbhara baneM yaha racanAtmaka kAryakrama kA uddezya thaa| jana cetanA jAgRti hetu unhoMne gA~voM kI yAtrAe~ kI, yadyapi aMgreja isa bAta se vAkIpha the ki gAMdhI bar3A cAlAka vyakti hai aura vaha ahiMsA kI Ar3a meM AjAdI kI taiyArI kara rahA hai| para gAMdhI kA vizuddha lakSya thA ahiMsaka cetanA kA jaagrnn| racanAtmaka kArya aura ahiMsA ke bIca tAdAtmya saMbaMdha ko jor3ate hue hindU-muslima ekatA, sarvadharma samanvaya, aspRzyatA nirAkaraNa Adi kAryakrama prastuta kiye gye| 1920 se carakhe kA saMbaMdha ahiMsA aura svataMtratA ke sAtha jodd'aa| AjAdI kA manovaijJAnika tarIkA apanAte hue dAMDI kUca ke samaya unhoMne pUrNa svarAjya kI apanI mA~ga ko kama karake sirpha gyAraha mA~goM kA prastAva rkhaa| unakA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki ye mAMgeM pUrI hogI to AjAdI hamArA daravAjA khaTakhaTAne lgegii| AjAdI ke cakravyUha ko aneka taraha se nirmita karate hue ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmANa kA durUha kArya apane hAthoM meM liyaa| unakA yaha vizvAsa thA ki eka bhI vyakti meM ahiMsA kA paryApta vikAsa ho gayA, to vaha apane kSetra meM hiMsA ke bahuta vyApaka aura ugra rUpa kA bhI mukAbalA karane kA sAdhana DhU~r3ha sakatA hai| AjAdI ke saMgharSa meM aneka ahiMsaka AMdolana apanAye gye| aneka bAra gAMdhI ne Atmazaddhi hetu upavAsa kiye| aneka bAra pramukha netAoM sahita gAMdhI jela meM kaidI banAye gye| ina pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke bAvajUda gAMdhI kA ahiMsA maMtra kabhI maMda na huA ve pratyeka ghaTanA ko ahiMsA va dhairya pUrvaka jhelate rhe| isa tathya ko samajhane hetu eka hI udAharaNa paryApta hogaa| 'bhArata chor3o' AMdolana ke tahata gAMdhI, javAharalAla neharU, maulAnA AjAda, saradAra paTela Adi kAMgresa kI kArya-samiti ke sadasyoM ko 9 agasta 1942 ko giraphtAra kara liyA gayA taba gAr3I meM javAharalAla ne gAMdhI se prazna kiyA-'ahiMsA meM gupta nIti ko sthAna hai? uttara thA 'nhiiN|' merI saradArI pUrI huii| aba jise jo ThIka lage so kre| itanA jarUra hai ki ahiMsA kI cAradIvArI meM rahakara jo loga vAhara haiM, ve apanI mati ke anusAra calate rheN| maiM samajhatA hU~ ki tor3a-phor3a kA tarIkA hamAre lie nahIM hai| ahiMsA ke nAma para yaha saba cale to ThIka nhiiN|' jAhira hai unhoMne chipI nIti kA kabhI samarthana nahIM kiyA aura eka samaya aisA bhI AyA jaba gAMdhI ko lagA ki kAMgresa-samiti aura merI nIti meM pharka A rahA hai taba unhoMne samiti se apanA saMbaMdha viccheda kI ghoSaNA isa maMtavya ke sAtha kI-mere lie to ahiMsA dharma hai| mujhe usa para amala karanA hI hai, bhale hI maiM akelA raha jaauuN| ahiMsA kA pracAra mere jIvana kA dhyeya hai, so mujhe hara eka paristhiti meM usake pIche lage hI rahanA hai| __maiMne dekhA ki Aja Izvara aura manuSya ke sAmane merI zraddhA kI parIkSA kA maukA hai isalie kameTI ke kArya kI jimmedArI se maiMne mukti maaNgii| Aja taka kAMgresa kI nIti ke saMcAlana kI 88 / aMdhere meM ujAlA

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jimmedArI mujha para rahI hai| magara aba, jabaki unameM aura mujhameM maulika aMtara pAye gaye, maiM aisA nahIM kara sakatA thaa| 85 bApU kA yaha nirNaya sunakara kAMgresa kArya samiti ke sadasya apane ko besahArA mahasUsa karane lge| akhila bhAratIya kAMgresa kameTI kI ora se paMDita javAharalAla ne prastAva peza kiyaa| prastAva meM yaha likhA gayA- 'bhArata kI svAdhInatA ke aTala adhikArI kA samarthana karane ke uddezya se ahiMsAtmaka tarIke se, aura dezavyApI paimAne para vizAla saMgharSa cAlU karane kI svIkRti dene kA nizcaya karatI hai, jisase deza meM gata bAIsa varSoM ke zAMti pUrNa saMgrAma meM saMcita kI gayI samasta ahiMsAtmaka zakti kA upayoga ho ske| yaha saMgrAma gAMdhIjI ke netRtva meM hogaa| yaha kameTI unase prArthanA karatI hai ki ve prastAvita kAryavAhiyoM meM rASTra kA netRtva kreN| 187 gAMdhI ne isa janAdeza kA sammAna karate hue AjAdI kI lar3AI ke netRtva kA sevaka banakara bIr3A utthaayaa| janatA se Agraha kiyA ki koI kisI ke prati mana meM vaira aura dveSa bhAva na rakhe, sabhI ke prati prema aura sahAnubhUti pUrNa bartAva kreN| hamezA satya mArga para dRr3ha rhe| jo bIr3A hamane uThAyA hai, use pUrI lagana ke sAtha pUrA kareM, tAki na kevala isa deza meM, apitu samasta vizva meM zAzvata zAMti aura nyAya kI mizAla kAyama ho ske| gAMdhI ne hara eka hindustAnI se kahA vaha apane ko AjAda smjhe| lar3AI chir3ane para saMbhavataH mArgadarzana ke lie koI netA bAhara nahIM rheNge| isalie unako hI apanA netA banakara apanI jimmedArI ko samajhakara apanA kAryakrama banAkara yuddha ko calAnA hogaa| deza kA vAtAvaraNa garama ho gyaa| gAMdhI ne isa tathya ko prakaTa kiyA ki ahiMsA ko kAMgresa ne Aja taka calAyA hai usase abakI ahiMsA bilkula alaga kisma kI hai| magara yahI saccI ahiMsA hai, aura yahI jagat ko tabAhI se bacA sakatI hai| agara hindustAna jagat ko ahiMsA kA saMdeza na de sakA to yaha tabAhI Aja yA kala Ane hI vAlI hai aura kala ke badale Aja isake Ane kI sambhAvanA adhika hai| jagat yuddha ke zApa se bacanA cAhatA hai para kaise bace isakA use patA nahIM cltaa| yaha cAbI hindastAna ke hAtha meM hai| apanI Antarika AsthA ko prakaTa kiyA-jisane zUravIra kI ahiMsA kA zastra liyA hai vaha akele sAre duniyA kI jabaradasta-se-jabaradasta tAkatoM kA eka sAtha mukAbalA kara sakatA hai| hara eka kAMgresa vAloM ko apane dila se pUchanA cAhie ki kyA unameM zUravIra kI ahiMsA ko apanAne kI himmata hai? Adarza sthiti ko pAne ke lie kisI cIja kI jarUrata nahIM hai sivAya isake ki apane dhyeya ke khAtira apanA tana-mana-dhana khatare meM DAlane kI unakI taiyArI ho| unhoMne deza vAsiyoM ko svaccha mAnasikatA ke nirmANa hetu AgAha kiyA ki agara koI akalpita bAta huI to ahiMsA ke lie do mArga khule haiN| eka, AkramaNakArI kA adhikAra ho jAne denA, kintu usake sAtha sahayoga na krnaa| isa prakAra pharja kIjie ki nirokA Adhunika pratirUpa bhArata para AkramaNa kare, jo rAjya ke pratinidhi use andara A jAne deMge, lekina usase kaha deMge ki janatA se use kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA nahIM milegii| vaha Atma samarpaNa ke bajAya mara jAnA paMsada kregii| dasarA tarIkA yaha hai ki jina logoM ne ahiMsA kI paddhati se zikSA pAI hai, unake dvArA ahiMsAtmaka mukAbalA kiyA jAtA hai| ve nihatthe hI Age Akara AkramaNakArI kI topoM kI khAdya sAmagrI bneNge| Atma vizvAsa ke sAtha gAMdhI ne kahA-merI Aja bhI vahI jvalaMta zraddhA hai ki saMsAra ke samasta dezoM meM bhArata hI eka aisA deza hai jo ahiMsA kI kalA sIkha sakatA hai aura aba bhI vaha isa kasauTI para kasA jAye to saMbhavataH aise hajAroM strI puruSa mila jAyeMge, jo apane utpIr3akoM ke prati mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 89

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bagaira koI dveSa bhAva rakhe khuzI se marane ke lie taiyAra ho jaayeNge| maiMne hajAroM kI upasthiti meM bArabAra jora dekara kahA hai ki bahuta saMbhava hai ki unheM jyAdA se jyAdA takalIpheM jhelanI pdd'e| yahAM taka ki goliyoM kA zikAra honA pdd'e| namaka satyAgraha ke dinoM meM kyA hajAroM puruSoM aura striyoM ne kisI bhI senA ke sainikoM ke hI samAna bahAdurI ke sAtha taraha-taraha kI musIbateM nahIM jhelI thIM? hindustAna meM jo sainika yogyatA ahiMsAtmaka lar3AI meM loga dikhA cuke haiM usase bhinna prakAra kI yogyatA kisI bhI AkramaNakArI se lar3ane ke khilApha Avazyaka nahIM hai-sirpha usakA prayoga eka vRhattara paimAne para karanA hogaa|188 unakA yaha aTala vizvAsa thA ki hindustAna zuddha ahiMsA kI nIti ko apanAye, use nukasAna pahu~ca hI nahIM sktaa| hiMsA ke sahAre sthAyI samAdhAna nikala hI nahIM sktaa| unhoMne yaha ghoSaNA ki-merA vizvAsa hai ki kaibineTa mizana ne jisa sTeTa pepara kA elAna kiyA hai, usake banAne vAle yaha cAhate haiM ki hindustAna kI hukUmata kI bAgaDora zAnti se hindustAna ke numAindoM ke hAtha sauMpa dI jaay| lekina agara hameM briTiza saMgInoM aura mazInaganoM ke istemAla kI jarUrata mahasUsa hotI hai, to aMgreja yahAM se jAne vAle nhiiN| aura agara ve cale bhI gaye, to unakI ha koI dasarI videzI hakamata le legii|189 ataH ahiMsA hI eka mAtra parataMtratA kI beDiyA toDane kA nirApada mArga hai| unakA dRDha vizvAsa thA yadi hama ahiMsA dvArA briTiza zAsana se nibaTa sakeM to kevala hiTalara-zAhI kyA svecchAdhArI zAsana mAtra kA saMsAra se aMta kara skeNgeN| apanI AsthA ko banAye rakhA ki 'talavAra se lI huI cIja usI taraha calI bhI jAtI hai| kSaNabhara ke lie bhI gAMdhI kA yaha vizvAsa dhUmila na huA aura unhoMne bhArata kI AjAdI ahiMsA ke bala para hAsila kara duniyA ke samakSa eka misAla peza kii| janataMtra aura ahiMsA janataMtra aura ahiMsA meM anyonyAzraya saMbaMdha hai| janataMtra ke binA na to ahiMsA panapa sakatI aura na ahiMsA ke binA janataMtra kI sthApanA ho sakatI hai| janataMtra kI apekSA hai vicAra svAtaMtrya / ahiMsA kI apekSA hai sabhI prakAra ke zoSaNa aura dabAva se mukti| isa dRSTi se ahiMsA aura janataMtra donoM eka dUsare ke paryAya ho jAte haiN| gAMdhI ne isa tathya kA gaharAI se anubhava kiyA-hiMsA ke dvArA na to svarAjya kI sthApanA kI jA sakatI hai aura na sacce prajAtaMtra kI, kyoMki hiMsA ke dvArA virodhiyoM kA damana hotA hai yA use samAja se bahiSkRta kara diyA jAtA hai jo vyakti kI svataMtratA kA apamAna hai| yadi vyakti kI svataMtratA prajAtaMtra kA sAra hai to isakI surakSA aura pUrNa vikAsa ahiMsA meM hI saMbhava hai|190 saMgharSa, yuddha aura khUna kharAbe se prApta hone vAle prajAtaMtra ko gAMdhI ne kabhI mAnya nahIM kiyaa| vo jAnate the jo topa kI noka para prApta kiyA jAtA hai vaha usI bala para chIna bhI liyA jAtA hai| isIlie unhoMne ahiMsA ke dvArA janataMtra prApta karane kA nirNaya liyaa| unakA kahanA thA...yuddha kA vijJAna zuddha aura spaSTa adhinAyakatva kI ora le jAtA hai| eka mAtra ahiMsA kA vijJAna hI zuddha prajAtaMtra kI ora le jAne vAlA hai| apanI AsthA ko pratiSThita kara gAMdhI ne duniyA ke sAmane Adarza upasthita kiyaa| apane do dazaka ke videzI pravAsa evaM ahiMsA kI prAyogika saphalatA ke sAtha aphrIkA se 90 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vApasa Ane para jaba gAMdhI ne bhAratIyoM ko pasta abhimAna, bhUkha, kleza aura patana se pIr3ita pAyA to bhItara taka cetanA jhaMkRta ho utthii| unhoMne apane vatana ke mukti kArya ko eka cunautI aura suyoga samajhakara tatkAla hAtha meM liyA / sAdhika tIna dazaka ( 32 varSa) kI kaThora ahiMsaka sAdhanA ke jariye pratisrota meM calakara deza ke sAmarthya aura gaurava ke anurUpa netRtva pradAna kara maMjila ko paayaa| AMtarika aura bAhya saMgharSa ke bAvajUda AjAdI kA acUka hathiyAra ahiMsA ko hI banAye rakhanA gAMdhI kI adamya Atmazakti kA pratIka hai, jisakI jhalaka ina paMktiyoM meM aMkita hai - 'aMgreja cAhate haiM ki hama apane saMgharSa ko mazInaganoM ke stara para lAyeM / parantu unake pAsa zastra haiM, hamAre pAsa nahIM hai / unake hisAba se hama unheM tabhI harA sakate haiM, jaba hama aise stara para bane raheM, jahA~ hamAre pAsa hathiyAra hoM aura unake pAsa na hoM / ' yaha manovaijJAnika tathya thA jisakA hArda pAnA gAMdhI kI saMvedanazIla cetanA evaM pAradarzI medhA kA viSaya banA / tathyoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki gAMdhI kA ahiMsA ke kSetra meM apUrva yogadAna hai / unakI ahiMsA sAdhanA vyaktigata AsthA se AraMbha huI aura bhArata kI AjAdI ke saphala prayoga se niSpanna huii| itanA hI nahIM, isase Age ahiMsA kI anugU~ja vizva kSitija para unhIM kI badaulata prazrita huii| bhArata ko eka bAra phira se ahiMsA kA deza kahalAne kA gaurava milA / mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 91

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AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna ahiMsA ke sanAtana siddhAMta ko mAnane, jAnane, apanAne aura vyAkhyAyita karane vAloM kI eka saMtati hai| vibhinna matoM, paMthoM evaM paraMparAoM meM poSita manISiyoM ne ise apanI samajha aura soca ke Aine meM jo prastuti dI vahI usa paraMparA athavA vyakti vizeSa kA 'ahiMsA darzana' khlaayaa| AcArya mahAprajJa jaina dharma-terApaMtha saMpradAya se jur3e hue hai| ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAra jaina mAnyatAnurUpa honA svAbhAvika hai| para, vaiziSTya isa bAta kA hai ki mahAprajJa ne paraMparA ko akSuNNa rakhate hue ahiMsA ko sAmAjika pariveza meM Adhunika prastuti dii| unhoMne batAyA yaha kevala paraloka ko saMvArane kI prakriyA nahIM hai apitu vartamAna jIvana ko sukhI aura AnaMdamaya banAne kI kImiyAM hai| lakSyAnugata maulika ahiMsA kI sthApanA evaM vikAsAtmaka prakriyA ko prastuta kara navInatA pradAna kI hai| ahiMsaka cetanA jAgaraNa kI naI pravidhi kA sUtrapAta kara mAnava kA zAMtipatha prazasta kiyA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne svataMtra bhAratIya pariveza meM ahiMsA ko aneka rUpoM meM sama-sAmayika prastuti dekara rASTrotthAna kI vikAsamUlaka naI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke virAT ahiMsA darzana ke athAha sAgara kI thAha pAnA eka zramasAdhya kArya hai| tathApi caMcupAta ke rUpa meM eka prayatna kiyA gayA, jisakI prastuti 'AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna' meM guMphita hai| hiMsA eka vimarza ahiMsA pratiSThA kI pRSThabhUmi meM anuzAstA ne hiMsA para paryApta prakAza ddaalaa| bagaira use jAne ahiMsA kI carcA apUrNa hogii| ataH sarvaprathama hiMsA ko vimarza kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| vyApaka rUpa se hiMsA kA artha prANa vyaparoNa-prANa viccheda se gamya kiyA gayA hai| isakA sUkSma vizleSaNa karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA-kisI jIva ko mAranA hI hiMsA nahIM hai| eka AdamI bhayaMkara gussA karatA hai, vaha bhI hiMsA hai| krodha karanA bhI hiMsA hai, ahaMkAra bhI hiMsA hai|.......duusraa koI na ho phira bhI AdamI apanI hiMsA to karatA hI hai| isalie adhyAtma ke AcAryoM ne likhA-'AyA ceva hiMsA'-AtmA hI hiMsA hai| nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se AtmA hI hiMsA hai| cAhe krodha kA saMvega ho, cAhe ahaMkAra kI uttejanA ho, cAhe lobha kI uttejanA ho, cAhe bhaya kI uttejanA ho, koI bhI uttejanA ho vaha dimAga meM hai to hiMsA ho rahI hai| yaha hiMsA kA sUkSma Akalana hai|| ___ hiMsA kI unnata paribhASA hai ki 'jo svayaM ke lie hAnikAra ho aura dUsaroM ko bhI pIr3A 92 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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aura duHkha pahuMcAe, vaha hiMsA hai|' IrSyA bahuta bar3I hiMsA hai| hiMsA kA artha kevala kisI ko mAranA hI nahIM hai| apitu gahare artha meM parigraha bhI hiMsA hai| lobha, IrSyA, krodha Adi ke Aveza meM bhI vyakti dUsaroM ke ahita kI ThAna letA hai| nAnA prakAra ke AviSTa loga samasyA paidA karate haiN| koI bhI anaitika AcaraNa yA burAI vyakti svataMtra cetanA se nahIM aviSTa cetanA se karatA hai| jaba vyakti golI yA bama kI bhASA se hI samAdhAna kI bAta socatA hai to ahiMsA kI bAta samajhAnA vahuta kaThina hai| kisI anapekSita kArya kI pratikriyA meM yadi kahIM ugra TippaNI kI jAtI hai to vaha bhI hiMsA hai| mahAprajJa ke prastuta maMtavya ke saMdarbha meM traikAlika saccAI kA nidarzana hai| hiMsA ke vibhinna rUpa hiMsA kI prakRti ko samajhane ke lie usake vibhinna rUpoM kA saMjJAna jarUrI hai| hiMsA ke tIna prakAra hai| eka hiMsA hai AraMbhajA hiNsaa| khetI Adi ke rUpa meM jo Avazyaka hiMsA kI jAtI hai, vaha AraMbhajA hiMsA hai| sAmAnya AdamI usase vaca nahIM sktaa| dUsarI hiMsA hai pratirodhajA hiNsaa| jaba koI AkramaNa karatA hai to AdamI ko usakA pratirodha karanA par3atA hai| sAmAnya AdamI usase bhI nahIM baca sktaa| para tIsarI hiMsA hai saMkalpajA hiNsaa| vaha hiMsA nirarthaka hai| dUsare para AkramaNa karanA, kisI ko kaSTa denA yaha saMkalpajA hiMsA hai| isase sAmAnya AdamI bhI baca sakatA hai| yadi saMkalpajA hiMsA se bhI bacA jA sake to bhI duniyA kI bahuta sArI samasyAeM samApta ho jAtI hai| 93 isa maMtavya kI paSTi AcArya mahAprajJa ke ina vicAroM se hotI hai| eka hiMsA vaha hai jo rojagAra ke lie kI jAtI haiM machalI yA pakSiyoM ko pakar3akara rojIroTI kamAne vAle AdamI ke lie yaha chor3anA kaThina hai| usake lie yaha rojI-roTI kA prazna hai| dUsarI hiMsA hai svarakSA ke lie hone vAlI hiMsA, usameM svayaM kI jindagI kA prazna hotA hai| aura pare prakAra kI hiMsA hai AkrAmaka hiNsaa| merI (mahAprajJa) daSTi meM yaha tIsare prakAra kI hiMsA ko rokanA jarUrI hai hai| merA prayAsa hai ki AkrAmaka hiMsA kI vicAradhArA logoM meM na ho| logoM ko aisA prazikSaNa diyA jAe, unakI saMtAnoM kA lAlana-pAlana isa taraha ho ki unake mana meM AkrAmaka bhAva kA udbhava hI na ho| yaha ahiMsA ke prasthAna kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| zarIra, vANI, mana ye tIna hiMsA ke sAdhana haiN| inameM kramazaH sUkSmatA hotI hai| isa tathya ko upAkhyAna kI zailI meM prastuti dete hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-mAnasika hiMsA zera nahIM karatA, AdamI jyAdA karatA hai| kahIM visphoTa karanA hai, suraMga bichAnA hai, hatyA karanI hai yaha saba mAnasika hiMsA hai| mana prANI ke vikAsa kI bhUmikA hai| jisake pAsa mana hai vaha vikasita prANI hai| para Aja AdamI usakA ThIka upayoga nahIM kara rahA hai| manuSya calate-calate hI paudhe kI TahanI tor3a detA hai, rAste meM par3e jIva ko kucala detA hai| vyApAra meM bhI dhokhA-dhar3I, pravaMcanA karatA hai| yaha sArI mAnasika hiMsA hai| manuSya vAcika hiMsA se adhika mAnasika hiMsA karatA hai| phira vaha mAnasika tanAva meM calA jAtA hai| mAnasika hiMsA kA sabase adhika prabhAva vyakti ke mastiSka para par3atA hai| phira dimAga zUnya bana jAtA hai| isalie mana kI hiMsA zarIra kI hiMsA se bhI jyAdA khataranAka hai| mana kI hiMsA ke kAraNa vyaktigata jIvana va parivAra bhI asta-vyasta bana jAtA hai| hiMsA kA adRzya rUpa hai mAnasika hiNsaa| kisI kA aniSTa socanA, kisI kA burA socanA, AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 93

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kisI ke prati durbhAvanA rakhanA, yaha mAnasika hiMsA hai| mAnasika hiMsA Aja bahuta bar3ha rahI hai| kAyika hiMsA to pratyakSa dikhAI de rahI hai, kiMtu mAnasika hiMsA itanI jyAdA hai ki usakI lapaTa hI kAyika hiMsA ke rUpa meM dekhI jA rahI hai| Aja jo pratyakSa hiMsA dekhane meM A rahI hai, vaha mAnasika hiMsA kA hI pariNAma hai, usI kA rijalTa hai| kisI kI pragati, kisI kA vikAsa, kisI kI samRddhi dekhakara mana meM jalana paidA hotI hai| jo vyakti ke bhItara viSaile rasAyana kA nirmANa kara use bImAra banAte haiN| yaha mAnasika hiMsA pramakha rUpa se daHkha kI niyAmikA hai| vartamAna ke pariprekSya meM unhoMne batAyA ki Aja vAcika hiMsA kI prabalatA bar3ha rahI hai| dUsaroM ko sukha se jIne denA cAhate haiM to vAcika hiMsA kA parihAra karanA sabake lie Avazyaka hai| 95 kaTa zabdoM kA prayoga. vyaMgyAtmaka bhASA. gAlI-galauja ye vAcika hiMsA ke rUpa haiN| vAcika hiMsA mAnavIya saMbaMdhoM meM jahara gholatI hai| sAmayika prastuti dete hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA hiMsA Aja tIna rUpoM meM ubhara rahI hai| eka AtaMkavAdI hiMsA, dUsarI sAmpradAyika hiMsA tathA tIsarI jAtIya hiNsaa| Aja AMtakavAdI hiMsA prabala hai| jAhira hai yaha vartamAna vyApI hiMsA kisI na kisI rUpa se hara eka ko prabhAvita kara rahI hai| hiMsA ke kAraNa hiMsA kI samasyA vaizvika hai| ise samAhita karane kI bhAvabhUmi para usake vyApaka kAraNoM kA anveSaNa mahattvapUrNa hai| hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI lambI zrRMkhalA hai| kucha ahaMbhUta kA vimarza abhiSTa hai| hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai, yaha hamAre sAmane hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra isake tIna pramukha kAraNa haiM 1. hiMsA kI raNanIti hai| 2. hiMsA kA neTavarka hai| 3. hiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA hai|196 sAre prayatna hiMsA ko bar3hAvA dene vAle ho rahe hai| hiMsA ke lie zastroM kA nirmANa, hiMsA kA prshikssnn| jaba jApAna meM aNuzastroM kA prayoga huA to sArA saMsAra hiMsA ke mahApralaya se bhayabhIta aura AtaMkita ho gyaa| yaha ghaTanA ahiMsA kI aura dhyAna kendrIkaraNa kA pramukha kAraNa bniiN| prazna hai kyA ahiMsA vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM yathArtha kA anveSaNa huA yA nahIM?197 isa manthana ke saMdarbha meM AcArya mahAprajJa kA sabase bar3A yogadAna hai hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI khoj| ahiMsA vikAsa para taba taka prazna cihna lagA rahegA jaba taka isake kAraNoM kI vidyamAnatA rhegii| unakA mAnanA thA ki ahiMsA to parokSa rUpa se sAmane AtI hai| 'merA TArageTa to hiMsA hai| maiM hiMsA kI samApti ke lie kAma kara rahA huuN|' bahuta se aise loga haiM jo vaise to cIMTI ko mArane se bhI Darate haiM, kintu artha kA itanA durUpayoga karate haiM ki jAne-anajAne hajAroM AdamiyoM ko hiMsA kI preraNA dete haiN| isalie hiMsA ke kAraNoM para samagratA se vicAra bahuta jarUrI hai| mahAprajJa ne hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI vyApaka mImAMsA kii| samaya-samaya para udIpta hone vAlI hiMsA ko tAtvika rUpa se samajhane aura use prastuti dene meM mahAprajJa kA maulika yogadAna hai| unake abhimata meM hamAre mastiSka meM do praNAliyA~ haiN| usameM eka hai-audayika prnnaalii| jaba-jaba moha kA udaya hotA hai, hiMsA ubhara AtI hai| yaha hiMsA kA apane Apa meM vaijJAnika vizleSaNa hai| 94 / aMdhere meM ujAlA

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hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI khoja meM unhoMne batalAyA ki 'negeTiva thiMkiMga hiMsA kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai / ghRNA, IrSyA, bhaya, kAmavAsanA - ye niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa haiM / ' ye hiMsA ke adRzya rUpa bhale hI haiM para inakA prabhAva kama nahIM 1 jisa vyakti kA AhAra zuddha nahIM hotA, usakA ciMtana kabhI zuddha nahIM ho sakatA, sAtvika nahIM ho sktaa| usameM utejanA, Aveza, bhaya, hiMsA Adi aprazasta vicAra Ate rheNge| jo vaicArika hiMsA ke janaka hai| vaicArika hiMsA bhayaMkara hai usako miTAne ke tIvra prayatna jarUrI hai| kucha mahattvapUrNa prazna khar3e kiyeM / AdamI hiMsaka kyoM banatA hai? aparAdha kI galI meM praveza kyoM karatA hai? ve kaunasI paristhitiyAM hai jo AdamI ko hiMsA ke lie prerita karatI hai ? ityAdi praznoM ke saMdarbha meM hiMsA aura aparAdha vRddhi kAraNoM kI mImAMsA kI / prastuta kRti meM hiMsA ke vibhinna kAraNoM kI carcA prasaMgataH kI gaI hai| para prastuta saMdarbha meM mahAprajJa ke dvArA nirdiSTa sUtrarUpa meM hiMsA janaka kAraNoM kA ullekha prAsaMgika hogA * pArivArika zAMta sahavAsa kA abhAva / 1 bhUkha aura garIvI - bhUkhA AdamI, cora-luTerA, kAtila, AtaMkavAdI kucha bhI bana sakatA hai dharma kI Ar3a meM jAtIya aura sAmpradAyika daMge / Avega yA imozana kI prabalatA / Aveza hiMsA kA pramukha kAraNa hai| Aveza se aviSTa AdamI niraparAdha kI hatyA karatA hai, AkramaNa karatA hai aura pratizodha kI agni ko prajvalita karatA hai| pariNAmataH tanAva meM calA jAtA hai / niraMtara tanAva kA jIvana jIne vAlA vyakti hiMsA meM pravRta hotA hai| tanAva se aMtaHstrAvI graMthi taMtra evaM nAr3I taMtra vikRta hotA hai, usase hiMsA kA janma hotA hai| tanAva, hiMsA evaM svAsthya kA gaharA saMbaMdha hai| 199 jAhira hai mahAprajJa ne hiMsA ko vyApaka kSetra meM prastuti dekara jijJAsu kA dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai| hiMsA ko nahIM cAhate phira bhI usakA vikAsa ho rahA hai| ahiMsA ko cAhate hai phira bhI usakA vikAsa bAdhita hai| isa pahelI ko kaise sulajhAyA jAe? hiMsA vikAsa aura ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM vighna upasthita ho rahA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne sAta pramukha vighnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai1. hiMsA kA saMskAra 2. karma saMskAra yA jIna 3. paristhiti yA vAtAvaraNa 4. zarIragata rasAyana 5. anAsthA 6. aprayatna 7. prazikSaNa aura anusaMdhAna kI kamI | 2010 hiMsA ke kAraNabhRta, ahiMsA vikAsa ke vighnoM kA bArIkI se, manovaijJAnika DhaMga se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa saMdarbha meM hiMsA vRddhi ke tathyoM kA Akalana jarUrI hai| jInavAda, maulika manovRttivAda, parivaMzavAda aura karmavAda ina cAroM ke samanvaya aura samavAya se niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sarvAdhika dhyAna dene yogya ghaTaka he priveshvaad| eka bacce ko sinemA, TI.vI., samAcAra patra Adi ke jariye hiMsA ko uttejanA dene vAle nAnA dRzya dekhane, par3hane aura sunane ko milate haiM, kyA usake bAre meM kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki vaha ahiMsA kA vikAsa kregaa| isa tathya ko sAmayika prastuti dete hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA- hiMsA kyoM bar3ha rahI hai? AMtaka kyoM bar3ha rahA hai? agara kAraNa khojA tAM bahuta sApha hai ki manuSya ko jitanI hiMsA kI ghaTanAeM, carcAeM aura vArtAeM sunane ko milatI haiM usakI tulanA meM ahiMsA kA eka aMza bhI dekhane-sunane ko nahIM miltaa| jAe vartamAna meM cAroM ora hiMsA ke svara prabalatA se sunAI de rahe haiN| saMcAra mAdhyamoM meM hiMsA kI AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 95

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carcA, bAjAra meM hiMsA kI carcA, aisA lagatA hai jaise sArA vAtAvaraNa hiMsA ke prakampanoM se prabhAvita ho rahA hai| ___Aja hiMsA ke sAdhaka tattva jyAdA haiN| kAma, krodha, lobha, bhaya, saMdeha ye saba hiMsA ke sAdhaka tattva haiN| hiMsA kA eka mAtra bAdhaka tattva hai adhyaatm| AtmA kA jJAna, AtmAnubhUti, samAnAnubhUti usa para hamArA dhyAna kama jAtA hai| sAdhaka tattva cAroM ora bikhare par3e haiN| isa ciMtana ke Aloka meM hiMsA uparati kA tattva samajhA jA sakatA hai| ___ padayAtrA mahAprajJa kA jIvana vrata thaa| anasaMcaraNa ke daurAna haI tathyAnabhati ko zabdoM meM tabdIla karate hue unhoMne batAyA-gA~va-gA~va kI padayAtrA ke daurAna Ama jana se milane se mujhe ahasAsa huA ki verojagArI evaM garIvI kI samasyA dUra nahIM hone taka hiMsA kA samAdhAna nahIM ho sktaa| sAmAjika evaM Arthika kAraNoM ke sAtha-sAtha mana ke bhItara bhI hiMsA ke kAraNa haiN| acche dhanavAna evaM samRddha vyakti bhI hiMsaka aparAdha karate haiN| garIbI kI apekSA amIrI jyAdA bar3I samasyA hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa mana ke aMdara hone vAlA Aveza hai| Aveza ke calate lar3AI-jhagar3e va azAMti ke vAtAvaraNa meM vikAsa kA mArga avaruddha ho jAtA hai| jaba vyakti ke pAsa khAne ko roTI nahIM rahatA ha to vaha aparAdha kI ora agrasara hotA hai| etad rUpa hiMsA ke kAraNoM ko samajhe binA ahiMsA ko samajhanA kaThina hai| isakI puSTi meM unhoMne batAyA-samasyA ko miTAne ke lie samasyA kI jar3a taka pahuMcanA hogaa| Aja jo hiMsA ho rahI hai usake kAraNoM ko khojA jAe to patA calegA ki hiMsA hone kA mUla kAraNa hai berojgaarii| hiMsA ke udabhava ke lie do bAteM jimmedAra hai dhana kA abhAva aura dhana kA prbhaav| jisa dina hindastAna meM koI AdamI roTI ke lie mohatAja nahIM hogA, sabako kAma milegA, kAma ke anupAta meM vetana milegA aura muphtakhorI kI bhAvanA nahIM rahegI, usa dina hiMsA bhI adRzya ho jaaegii| yaha yathArtha kA citrAMkana hai| isa bAta ko balapUrvaka kahA ki hiMsA se samAja meM samarasatA nahIM A sktii| kucha loga hiMsA se sAmAjika viSamatA kI khAI ko pATanA cAhate haiN| ugravAdI hiMsA usI vicAra kI upaja hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ugravAdiyoM ko eka saMdeza meM kahA thA ki kucha logoM ko mArane se samAjavyavasthA nahIM badala sktii| kucha AdamiyoM ko mAra diyA gayA yA dhana aiMTha liyA gayA isase samAja vyavasthA nahIM badala sktii| AtaMkavAda se bhaya phaila sakatA hai para samAja nahIM badala sktaa| usase ghRNA phailatI hai| isa saMdeza meM samucita samAdhAna kI pratidhvani hai jo samAja kI hara ikAI ko socane ke lie prerita karatI hai| ahiMsA ko gatizIla banAne meM ahaMbhUmikA rakhane vAle tathyoM kI abhinava khoja 'hiMmA ke vyApaka kAraNoM kI' AcArya mahAprajJa kI sarvathA maulika hai| jo unheM mahAn ahiMsA praNetA sAvita karatI hai| ahiMsA artha-svarUpa vimarza AcArya mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA artha, svarUpa aura prayoga kI dRSTi se vizAla hai| vizAlatA kA hetu hai Agamokta AhasA kA maMthana, pUrva ke manISiyoM ke vicAroM kA svIkaraNa aura svAnubhUti ke Aloka naye-naye prayogoM kA samAcaraNa evaM unakI prsthaapnaa| unake zabdoM meM ahiMsA kA siddhAMta bahuta vyApaka hai| isakA darzana bahuta bar3A darzana hai| loga ahiMsA ko kevala 'mata mAro' taka hI sImita kara dete 96 / aMdhere meM ujAlA

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haiN| maiMne bAra-bAra isa bAta ko kahA hai ki ahiMsA ko saMkucita arthoM meM na leN| usake vyApaka svarUpa ko dekhane aura samajhane kA prayatna kreN| mAnavocita karma ahiMsA hai, jisase svayaM kA aura dUsaroM kA kalyANa hoM, aisA hara kArya ahiMsA hai|204 isa prastuti ke Aloka meM unakI virAT ahiMsA soca kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA amUrta hai use dekhA nahIM jA sakatA, para AdamI ke vyavahAra se usakA sparza kiyA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ karuNA, abhaya aura prema kA bhAva hai vahA~ ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA asIma svarUpa prema kA puraskAra hai| prema aura ahiMsA meM advaita bhAva hai jaisA ki AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA-'prema hI virAT ahiMsA hai, jo sarvabhUta-sAmya kI bhAvanA se utpanna hotA hai aura Atmaupamya kI sImA meM phira vilIna ho jAtA hai|'205 ahiMsA kA yaha viziSTa rUpa hai| ahiMsA ke vyApaka saMdarbha ko prakaTa karane vAlA AcArya mahAprajJa kA maMtavya hai-Aja ke yuga meM mAnava jAti kevala prANiyoM ke prati hI hiMsaka nahIM ho rahI hai balki vanaspati evaM pRthvI, jala, AkAza evaM havA ke prati bhI hiMsaka ho rahI hai| ataH Aja kI ahiMsA ko kevala jIvadayA taka sImita nahIM rahanA hai, balki pathvI. jala. za, havA ke prati bhI ahiMsaka honA hai| isalie 'saba prANiyoM taka hI sImita ahiMsA ke pAlana ke bajAya aba hameM 'sarvatra' ahiMsA ke vyApaka pAlana para dhyAna denA hogaa| kathana ke saMdarbha meM ahiMsA kI anaMta gaharAI aura U~cAI kA avabodha hai| ahiMsA kI sIdhI-sI paribhASA batalAyI-jaba AdamI apane prati jAgatA hai taba mamatva kA dhAgA TUTatA hai, pariNAma svarUpa prANImAtra ke prati prema kA bhAva puSTa hotA hai| yahI isakA AdhAra bhUta tathya hai| prakaTatayA apane prati jAgane kA artha hai ahiNsaa| __ na mAranA-ahiMsA hai, kiMtu yaha ahiMsA kI samagra paribhASA nahIM hai| ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM dayA, karuNA, maitrI, samatva saha AtmA kI anubhUti hai| isa bhUmikA se ahiMsA dharma kA prANa hai| uccatama kakSA meM praveza kara jAne ke bAda ahiMsA sahaja rUpa meM svIkRta ho jAtI hai| sAmAnyatayA ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA vidhi aura niSedha rUpoM meM kI jAtI hai| burAiyoM se bacAva karanA, asatyapravRtti na karanA, yaha niSedha rUpa hai| svAdhyAya, dhyAna, upadeza, kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika satpravRttiyAM, prANImAtra ke sAtha baMdhutva bhAvanA, Atma zuddhi kA sahayoga karanA vidhi rUpa hai| vidhi aura niSedha kI sImAoM se pAra mahAprajJa ne kahA-'ahiMsA duniyA kA sabase bar3A brahmAstra hai|' jisakA prayoga kabhI niSphala nahIM hotaa| yahI vajaha hai AcArya mahAprajJa hara samasyA kA sthAyI samAdhAna ahiMsA meM aaNkte| sAdhanA kI ucca bhUmikA para ahiMsA ke virAT svarUpa ko anubhava ke Aloka meM prastuti milI-'ahiMsA kA artha hai-nirvikaar-dshaa|' jaba-jaba cetanA meM vikArabhAva kI taraMge taraMgita hotI hai binA pravRtti ke bhI hiMsA ho jAtI hai| isa saccAI kA saMjJAna bar3A kaThina hai para mahAprajJa ne anubhUti ke stara para ahiMsA kA jo svarUpa prakaTa kiyA vaiziSThyavAn hai| unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsA kA artha hai-saMyama, ahiMsA kA artha hai-aprmaad| jaba saMyama hI ahiMsA hai, apramAda hI ahiMsA hai taba kaunasI mAnasika hiMsA bacatI hai? kauna-sA burA bhAva bacatA hai? saMyama kA artha hai nigraha krnaa| aThAraha pApa kA pratyAkhyAna karane kA artha hai saMyama / prastuta maMtavya ahiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa kA nidarzana hai| jo vizeSa sAdhanA se saMpRkta bhAvitAtmA kI cetanA ko bhI bhAvita banAne vAlA hai| sAtha hI jana sAdhAraNa ko bhI ahiMsA kI dizA meM prerita karane vAlA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 97

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ahiMsA kA prayojana ahiMsA kI sahI samajha paidA ho yaha samaya kA takAjA hai / ahiMsA kA prayojana kyA hai ? ise samAhita karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA ki dUsare ko na mAranA, kisI ko kaSTa na denA - yaha ahiMsA kA eka kSetra hai, pUrNa nahIM adhUrI samajha hai / ahiMsA kA mukhya uddezya hai - apanI AtmA kA patana na ho| koI kisI ko mAratA hai / vyavahAra kI bhASA meM kahA jAtA hai ki usane usako mAra diyaa| para AdhyAtma kI bhASA meM jo mArane vAlA hai vaha svayaM mara gyaa| svayaM mare binA koI kisI ko nahIM mAra sktaa| satAne vAlA svayaM saMtapta hotA hai / hama ahiMsA kI carcA dUsaroM ke lie nahIM, apane Apa ke lie kreN| kisI bhI hiMsA prasaMga meM hiMsA karane vAle kA ahita jyAdA hotA hai 1 AtmA, karma va punarjanma ko sAmane rakhakara koI bhI nirNaya kareM / inheM bhUlane se bhrAMti paidA hotI hai| vyakti sahI nirNaya nahIM le sakatA / pratikriyAtmaka jIvana ahiMsA ko mAnya nahIM hai| svataMtratA ke lie va svasthatA ke lie jarUrI hai apane AcAra va vyavahAra kA samyak parIkSaNa kreN| ahiMsA hamArA svabhAva hai| ahiMsA kI dizA meM prasthAna ke lie hama apane mana, vANI va zarIra ko saMyata kareM / ahiMsA se pahale saMyama kI bAta kareM / 207 maMtavya ke Azaya svarUpa AtmotthAna evaM saMyama cetanA kA vikAsa mukhyatayA ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kA prayojana hai / ahiMsA tejasvI kaise baneM? ahiMsA zakti kA srota hai| para, ise pahacAnane kI dRSTi paidA ho tabhI usase lAbha uThAyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA- 'ahiMsA kI tAkata hiMsA se adhika hai / ahiMsA ko kahIM bAhara DhUMDhane nahIM jAnA hai / vaha hamAre aMdara hI hai| basa hameM use pahacAnanA hai / ' jisane bhI isakI zakti ko pahacAnA usane apanI arhatA ko U~cAIyA~ pradAna kI hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI kA nAma isa dRSTi se agraNI hai| unhoMne ahiMsA kI zakti ke badaulata bhArata ko AjAdI kA varadAna nasIba karavAyA / ahiMsA kI zakti tejasvI kaise baneM ? isa aura dhyAna kendrita karate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA - taha meM jAkara dekheM to jJAta hogA ki hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA asaMtulana antarrASTrIya jagat paidA kara rahA hai| hiMsA kI saMhAraka zakti bahuta bar3ha gaI hai| ahiMsA ke choTe-choTe prayatna use kama kara sakeM yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM punarvicAra kI AvazyakatA hai| usakA kAryakrama Adhunika samasyAoM ke saMdarbha meM Ayojita ho / zastrIkaraNa jaisI bhayaMkara samasyA ke prati vizva cetanA ko jAgRta karanA, Arthika vyavasthA kI viSamatA se hone vAlI hiMsA ke prati janatA kA dhyAna AkarSita karanA, mAnasika tanAva aura aparAdha manovRtti ke mUla meM panapane vAlI hiMsA kA anusaMdhAna karanA aura unakI rokathAma ke lie upAya sujhAnA Adi ahiMsA ko tejasvI banAne ke upAya haiN| ahiMsA ke lie saMvedanazIlatA kA vikAsa jarUrI hai, para Aja kevala usI ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko vyApaka aura zaktizAlI nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM Ane vAle vighnoM ko samajhakara hI ahiMsA kA nayA AyAma udghATita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 208 yaha ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kArya karane vAloM ke lie sAtvika saMbala hai / apane vyApaka anubhava ko vAMTate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne yaha bhI batAyA ki jaba taka mAnavI 98 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mastiSka kA pariSkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, dRSTikoNa parivartana kA abhyAsa nahIM kiyA jAtA, jIvana zailI kA parivartana nahIM kiyA jAtA, aura jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatA roTI kI pUrti nahIM kI jA sakatI taba taka ahiMsA tejasvI baneM athavA ahiMsA kA pravAha niraMtara calatA rahe, yaha kama saMbhava lagatA hai| yaha maMtavya ahiMsA kI tejasvitA ke bAbata eka spaSTa dRSTi pradAna karatA hai| jisakA anuzIlana kara ahiMsA kI zakti kA vAMchita vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kA vikAsa kaise ho ahiMsA eka sarvocca mUlya hai| isakA vikAsa vyakti, samAja, rASTra aura vizva kI samRddhi kA mUla hai| isake vikAsa kI bhUmikA kitanI mahattvapUrNa hai| para, jana sAdhAraNa isase bekhabara hai| isa tathya ko prastuti dete hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA-kisa prakAra ahiMsA kA vikAsa kiyA jAye? ahiMsA ke viSaya para carcA karane vAle bhI isa bAta ko nahIM jAnate ki ahiMsA kI prakRti kyA hai? ahiMsA kaise kAma karatI hai ? jaba taka ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane kI zailI se paricita nahIM hoMge, ahiMsA kA vikAsa kaise kara pAeMge? ahiMsA kaba aura kaise kAma karatI hai? prazna kartAoM kA anubhava bhI isa bAta ke lie gavAha detA hai ki isa viSaya para jitanA zodha honA cAhie, usakA aMzamAtra bhI nahIM ho rahA hai? ahiMsA kA sabase jyAdA vikAsa bhAratavarSa meM huA thaa| guptayuga hindustAna kA svarNayuga rahA hai| UparI taura se ahiMsA ko dekhane vAloM kA yaha svara thA ki ahiMsA ne deza ko parataMtra bnaayaa| isa bAta kA khaMDana karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-'bhArata deza hiMsA se parAdhIna banA hai| ApasI IrSyA, ghRNA aura phUTa ne deza kI AtmA ko chinna-bhinna kara diyaa| usa sthiti meM vaha bAharI AkramaNoM se parAsta ho gyaa|' phira se rASTra pitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsA kA aparAjeya zastra jana sAdhAraNa ke diloM-dimAga meM thmaayaa| usake sakArAtmaka pariNAma nikle| tathyataH jahAM ahiMsA puSTa hogI vahAM parasparatA kA bhAva prabala hogaa| vaisI sthiti meM deza kI janatA meM rASTrIyatA aura bandhutva kA vikAsa hogA phira kisI rASTra kI tAkata nahIM ki usa deza ko parataMtra banA skeN| apekSA isa bAta kI hai ki ahiMsA kA samyak vikAsa ho| naye saMdarbha meM yaha ciMtana honA cAhie ki ahiMsA ko kaise saphala banAyA jAe? ahiMsA vikAsa ke lie sAmudAyika cetanA kA vikAsa jarUrI hai| binA isake hiMsA saMbaMdhI samasyA bar3hatI hai| etad Azaya kI abhivyakti AcArya mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| ahiMsA ke vikAsa hetu vyaktigata svAmitva kA sImAkaraNa kreN| jaba taka parigraha kI samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hogaa| Arthika nIti kI saphalatA nahIM hogI, garIbI, berojagArI evaM hiMsA ko nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| ahiMsA kI dizA meM vikAsa karane hetu saMgraha evaM upayoga kA saMyama kreN| vyasanaparaka cetanA kA vikAsa na ho| nae dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa kreN| Aja dhArmika AdamI dAna, puNya to karatA hai, * kintu lobha ke kAraNa vyApAra meM milAvaTa, jhUThA tola-mApa, dhokhAdhar3I karake anaitika AcaraNa ko bar3hAvA de rahA hai| anaitikatA hiMsA hai| isa kathana kA spaSTa nidarzana lobhavRtti ke pariSkAra kA hai| jaba taka aisA nahIM ho pAtA ahiMsA kA vikAsa praznAyita banA rhegaa| saMgharSa kyoM hotA hai? ise sAmayika prastuti dete hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-jAti, varga, samAja evaM AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 99

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rASTra meM hone vAle saMgharSa kA mUla kAraNa hai-vyakti kA bhirbodh| jaba taka vyakti aMtarbodha ko jAgRta nahIM karegA taba taka ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM hogA tathA samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI saMbhava nahIM hogaa| antarbodha se hI vyakti ke bhItara viveka cetanA kA jAgaraNa hogaa| isa tathya kA saMpoSaka ciMtana rahA ki ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se ciMtana aura carcAeM bahuta calatI hai| para usase koI sthAI niSpati nahIM AtI, ahiMsA ke saMskAra sthAI bneN| isake lie prayoga aura prazikSaNa bahuta jarUrI ahiMsA vikAsa ke tIna pramukha AdhAra haiM1. jJAna kA vikaas| 2. AnaMda athavA sukha kA vikaas| 3. zakti kA vikaas| hama bAharI jJAna, bAharI sukha aura bAharI zakti ke vikAsa kI AMtarika jJAna, sukha aura zakti ke sAtha tulanA kreN| yadi aMtara kA jJAna, sukha aura zakti prakaTa ho jAe to hiMsA kI jarUrata hI nahIM rhegii| ahiMsA kA vikAsa apane Apa hogaa|| 'ahiMsA sarvavyApI jAtigata niyama hai|' isa prasthApanA ke sAtha AcArya mahAprajJa ne ise vyApaka saMdarbho meM prastuti dii| ahiMsA vikAsa kI dRSTi se katipaya mahattvapUrNa saMdarbho kI ora dhyAna kendrita kiyaa| isa bAta para bala diyA ki hiMsA mukta samAja kI racanA karanI hai, samAja meM samarasatA lAnI hai, to mAnasika hiMsA se bceN| kisI ke prati anyathA bhAva na rkheN| kisI ke prati nakArAtmaka dRSTikoNa aura nakArAtmaka bhAva na bnaaeN| agara isa mAnasika hiMsA ko kama karane meM saphala rahe to ahiMsA apane Apa phalitA ho jaaegii| unhoMne batAyA-mAnasika hiMsA se bacane kA sabase acchA sUtra hai sakArAtmaka dRssttikonn| parivAra meM eka dUsare ke prati mAnasika ahiMsA kA vyavahAra rahe to zAyada isa dharatI para svarga kA avataraNa ho jaae|12 isa maMtavya ke Aloka meM mAnasika ahiMsA kA vikAsa atyaMta upayogI hai| ahiMsA vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM anuzAstA kI soca bahu AyAmI hai| ahiMsA ko kevala mArane taka sImita na kreN| agara hama sukha cAhate haiM, zAMti cAhate haiM, paraspara meM maitrI aura acche saMbaMdha cAhate haiM to vANI kI ahiMsA kA vikAsa kreN| kisI ke lie kaTu zabda na nikale, kisI ke marma para aMgulI na TikAeM, kisI para ApekSa na kareM, yaha hogI hamArI vAcika ahiMsA, jisakI Aja jarUrata hai| aisA lagatA hai ki abhI bhI bhAratIya mAnasa meM vAcika ahiMsA kA samucita vikAsa nahIM huA vAcika ahiMsA mAnavIya saMbaMdhoM meM madhurimA bharatI hai| mahAprajJa ne AhvAna kiyA- vANI kI ahiMsA para vicAra kareM aura nityaprati jIvana meM use mahatva deN| kucha dina prayoga aura parIkSaNa karake dekheM to Apa pAeMge ki dUsaroM kI dRSTi meM Apake prati kitanA parivartana A rahA hai| kAyika hiMsA vANI ke kAraNa hotI hai| vANI kI ahiMsA ke dvArA svayaM azAMta nahIM baneMge, na dUsaroM kI zAMti bhaMga hone kA kAraNa bneNge| isa saMdarbha meM vANI kA saMyama bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| kAyika, vAcika, aura mAnasika hiMsA-ahiMsA meM antaH saMbaMdha hai| kisI eka kI anupAlanA meM anya kA saMyama jarUrI hai| ye ahiMsA vikAsa ke sahakArI ghaTaka hai jo vaiyaktika aura sAmUhika ubhaya patha ko prabhAvita karate 100 adhara meM ujAlA

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dayA ahiMsA kA eka bahuta vyAvahArika prayoga hai / jisa vyakti meM dayA A gaI vaha dUsaroM ko satA nahIM sakatA, kaSTa nahIM de sktaa| dUsare kA kaSTa sahana bhI nahIM kara sakatA / adhikAMza samasyAeM nirdayatA ke kAraNa paidA hotI haiN| jisa vyakti ke mana meM dayA nahIM hai, vaha samasyA paidA kara rahA hai| agara eka dayA kA vikAsa ho jAe, phira bahuta sArI samasyAeM samApta ho jaaegii| 214 yaha ahiMsA vikAsa kI mahatvapUrNa kar3I hai jo vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika ubhaya patha ko prazasta banAtI hai / ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI prakriyA anubhava ke Aloka meM vikasita kI gayI hai| isake vikAsa kI pahalI zarta hai-hRdaya parivartana / prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja taka hRdaya parivartana kA apanA mUlya hai| hiMsA meM vizvAsa karane vAle loga bhI isa bAta para bahuta bala dete haiM / jaba taka 'brenavAza' nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka AdamI ko badalA nahIM jA sktaa| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- hRdaya parivartana samAdhAna hai / mastiSka kI dhulAI, mastiSka kA parivartana nitAMta apekSita hai| isake sAtha sAdhana zuddhi meM vizvAsa ke mAhAtmya ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA dUsarA ghaTaka hai-abhaya / jaba taka abhaya kA vikAsa nahIM hogA taba taka ahiMsA kI carcA hI vyartha hai / jo vyakti DaratA hai, vaha kabhI ahiMsA ko tejasvI nahIM banA sktaa| 25 ahiMsA kA vikAsa abhayAvasthA meM hI saMbhava hai / ahiMsA vikAsa ke avAntara kAraNoM meM sahiSNutA, kSamA, parasparatA kA vikAsa bhI jarUrI hai| dhyAna kA prayoga ahiMsA vikAsa kA maulika ghaTaka batalAyA / mahAvIra kI bhASA meM 'ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA eka sazakta sAdhana hai-dharma dhyAna / ' jIvana meM usakI saMgati aneka visaMgatiyoM kA upacAra hai / vyApaka saMdarbhoM meM kI gaI ahiMsA vikAsa kI carcA jijJAsu ke lie Aloka patha bana sakatI hai| apekSA ekamAtra sakriya saMkalpa evaM abhyAsa kI hai / jIvana kI kalA banAmaH ahiMsA ahiMsA jIvana kI prayogazAlA meM pratiSThita ho / isa saMdarbha ke AcArya mahAprajJa ke vyApaka prayatna mAnavatA ke lie anamola upahAra hai / samagra jIvana kI kalA ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kA Akalana maulika hai- 'ahiMsA premapUrNa, zAMtimaya aura sarala jIvana jIne kI kalA hai|' ahiMsA vartamAna meM zAnta jIvana jIne kI preraNA hai| jo jIvana ko Alokita karane vAlA akSaya srota hai / para jisakA apane krodha para, ahaM para, apane chala-kapaTa para, lobha para, bhaya para, vAsanA Adi para niyaMtraNa nahIM hotA, vaha jIne kI kalA nahIM jAna sakatA / vaha svayaM duHkhI jIvana jItA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI duHkhI banAtA hai| hama apane saMvegoM para niyaMtraNa kara sakeM, unheM bekAbU na hone deM to samasyA kabhI paidA nahIM hogI / yaha niyaMtraNa kA abhAva hI sArI samasyA kI jar3a hai| jIne kI kalA kA sabase acchA sUtra ahiMsA aura maitrI kA bhAva hai| 216 ise AtmasAt karane vAlA vyakti jIvana kI pavitratA ko pA letA hai / ahiMsA jIvana ke hara par3Ava meM upayogI hai| ahiMsA nahIM hotI hai tabhI tanAva paidA hote hai, tabhI pArivArika evaM sAmAjika samasyAeM khar3I hotI hai| zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva ke lie indriya nigraha Avazyaka hai / Aja dhArmika loga AtmA, paramAtmA, IzvarIya cetanA, mokSa Adi kI bar3I-bar3I bAteM to karate haiM para apanI indriyoM para niyaMtraNa nahIM hotA hai to AdamI apane tanAvoM se mukta nahIM ho pAtA hai / vimarza ke saMdarbha meM tanAva mukta, zAMtipUrNa jIvana jIne ke lie ahiMsA jIvana meM samarasa baneM, yaha atyaMta jarUrI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna 101

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jIvana vyApI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI aura dhyAna kendrita karate hue mahAprajJa ne dizA darzana diyA-'ahiMsA hamAre dainika jIvana meM Ane vAlI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA sabase sarala aura sabase zaktizAlI upAya hai|' prakaTatayA unhoMne dharma ke saMkucita dAyare meM simaTI ahiMsA ko vyApaka kSetra meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| jo ahiMsA mAtra paraloka zuddhi ke lie athavA AdhyAtmika kSetra meM mAnya thI use jIvana ke vyavahAra pakSa se jor3akara Ama janatA kI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI soca ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| ahiMsA aura zAMti kalApUrNa jIvana meM zAMti kA pratiSThAna hotA hai| ahiMsA aura zAMti donoM meM tAdAtmya saMbaMdha hai| isake bAbata AcArya mahAprajJa ke mahattvapUrNa vicAra hai| unhoMne batalAyA- 'manuSya ke bhAvoM meM jaba taka ahiMsA kA praveza nahIM hogA taba taka zAMti kA janma nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsA ko par3hAyA nahIM jAtA use jInA par3atA hai| ahiMsA kA jIvana jIne vAlA hI zAMti ko upalabdha kara sakatA hai|' isa maMtavya ko vyApaka saMdarbha meM prastuti milii| hama mAnavIya ekatA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM kyoMki saccAI to vAstava meM eka hI hai| mAnava dharma bhI eka hai| deza aura kAla kI paristhiti se pUjAupAsanA meM antara A sakatA hai| para dharma ke maulika tattva, AtmA kI pavitratA eka hI hai| yadi AdamI zAMti cAhatA hai to isake sivAya aura koI vikalpa nahIM hai ki sabakI bhAvanA kA Adara kre| ___mAnavatA eka bAjAra hai| usameM hindU aura musalamAna dukAnoM ke samAna haiN| jaise bAjAra meM koI bhI vyakti hindU kI dukAna yA musalamAna kI dukAna ko nahIM dekhatA, sulabha aura sahI mAla ko dekhatA hai, usI prakAra hameM bhI jAtiyoM-saMpradAyoM ko nahIM dekhanA hai apitu acche bhAva ko dekhanA hai| jaba bhAva acchA hotA hai tabhI AdamI meM dharma avatarita hotA hai| tabhI zAMti sthApita hotI hai| zAMti nahIM hotI hai to artha-vyavasthA bhI bigaDa jAtI hai| anazAstA ne prasaMga vizeSa para yaha batalAyA ki agara vikAsa karanA hai to zAMti Avazyaka hai| zAMti ke binA roTI bhI nahIM miltii| jaba azAMti hotI hai to jyAdA nukasAna to garIba logoM ko hI hotA hai| isa maMtavya ke pariprekSya meM jAna sakate haiM ki mahAprajJa ne zAMtidUta vanakara jana-jana kA zAMtipatha prazasta kiyA, vo ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kArya karane vAloM ke lie eka mizAla hai jo sadiyoM taka Alokita karatI rhegii| ahiMsA kI nIti ahiMsA ko dharma ke cokhaTe se bAhara nikAla kara vyApaka rUpa meM pratiSThita karane vAloM meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kA nAma agraNI hai, usI kar3I meM ahiMsA yAtrA praNetA AcArya mahAprajJa kA nAma bhI zumAra hai| unhoMne ahiMsA ko 'nIti niyAmikA' ke rUpa meM prastuta kara hara varga ke vyakti kA ucita pathadarzana kiyA hai| ahiMsA eka sarvottama dIrghakAlIna svastha nIti hai| ahiMsA dharma hai| ahiMsA eka nIti hai aura usase Age vaha eka kUTanIti hai| dharma ke saMdarbha meM vicAra kareM to kahanA hogA-ahiMsA dharma hai| parigraha aura saMgraha kI cetanA se virata vyakti ke lie arthAta eka muni ke lie ahiMsA dharma hai| Atmadharma mAnakara muni ahiMsA kI sarvocca bhUmikA para ArUr3ha hone kA satat abhyAsa karatA hai| jo samAja aura zAsana kA mukhiyA hai, usake lie ahiMsA eka nIti hai| jahA~ aneka saMskRtiyoM, 102 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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jAtiyoM ke loga rahate haiM, vahA~ koI sarvAdhika saphala nIti ho sakatI hai to vaha hai-ahiMsA niiti| samAja meM sahAnavasthAna isI se phalIbhUta hotA hai| rAjanaitika aura vaizvika saMdarbha meM dekhe to ahiMsA eka nIti hai, kUTanIti bhI hai| kisI bhI rASTra kA athavA vizva kA kuzalatApUrNa DhaMga se netRtva karane ke lie ahiMsA kI nIti ko samajhanA jarUrI hai| mahAprajJa ne rAjanaitika daloM ko parAmarza dete hue kahA- 'deza meM jitanI rAjanItika pArTiyAM haiM ve apanI nIti ke sAtha zabda jor3a deM ki ahiMsA kI nIti kA anusaraNa kreNge| yadi yaha ahiMsA kI nIti jur3a jAye to kAphI vigraha samApta ho sakatA hai|' unhoMne dRr3hatA ke sAtha kahA jaba taka rAjanIti ke sAtha ahiMsA kA samAveza nahIM hogA, taba taka rASTra kA bhalA nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsA se vyakti, samAja, rAjanIti aura rAjanItika vyavasthA prabhAvita honI caahie| jaba ahiMsA kA ina para prabhAva hogA, taba burAiyA~ apane Apa samApta hoNgii| mahAprajJa kA yaha maMtavya maulikatA se sarAbora hai| __ apane vyaktigata anubhava ko baTorate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA-'jaba rAjanetA mujhe kahate haiM ki Honesty is the best policy to meM unheM kahatA hU~ Non Voilence is the best policy ahiMsA hI sarvottama nIti hai, jisakA anuzIlana sukhI evaM samRddha rASTra kI parikalpanA ko sAkAra banA sakatA hai|' ahiMsA kUTanIti hai zAsaka varga ke lie| jo vibhinna vicAradhArAoM, vibhinna jAtiyoM aura sampradAya ke logoM meM sAmaMjasya karatA hai, vaha dIrghakAlIna nIti se saphala ho sakatA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsA kA kUTanIti ke rUpa meM prayoga kara rASTra ko naI dizA pradAna kI thii| kUTanIti kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to mahAtmA gAMdhI ko ina zatAbdiyoM kA sabase bar3A kUTanItijJa kahA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kI kUTanIti ke AdhAra para hI ve aMgrejI sattA ko samApta karane meM saphala hue| vibhinna nItiyoM kA samyak samAcaraNa ahiMsA vikAsa kI naI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara karatA hai| sAmpradAyika sauhArda kI bhAvabhUmi para mahAprajJa ne nIti niyAmakatA kI bAta khii| hinduoM ke pramukha netAoM se kahA thA sAmpradAyikatA ke saMbaMdha meM hameM zabdoM ke uttejaka prayoga se bacanA caahie| bhArata meM jo musalamAna haiM unheM bAhara nahIM nikAlA jA sktaa| ve bhArata meM hI rheNge| isa saMdarbha meM hameM nIti se kAma lenA caahie| bolakara kisI bAta ko nahIM bigAr3anA chie| 19 sAmpradAyika sauhArda kI preraNA unnata rASTra kI dharohara hai| ise samajhane kI koziza kreN| ___ AcArya mahAprajJa ne isa bAta para bala diyA ki Aja samagratA se ahiMsAtmaka nIti ko apanAyA jAe to bahuta bar3A kAma ho sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM unhoMne paMcasUtrI ciMtana diyA. ahiMsAtmaka nIti kA pahalA sUtra hai-anekatA meM bhI ekatA kA drshn| anekatA ko kabhI miTAyA nahIM jA sktaa| jahA~ nAnAtva hai, saMgharSa anivArya hai| ahiMsAtmaka nIti kA dUsarA sUtra hogA upabhoga sAmagrI kA samIkaraNa / jahA~ sampUrNa vizva kI 40% sAmagrI ko bhogA jA rahA hai| to aise deza bhI hai, jahA~ 5% bhI upabhoga sAmagrI kAma meM nahIM lI jaatii| yaha asaMtulana hiMsA ko bhar3akAtA hai| . ahiMsAtmaka nIti kA tIsarA sUtra hogA-vyaktigata svAmitva kA siimaakrnn| . cauthA sUtra hogaa-shissnnutaa| . ahiMsAtmaka nIti kA pA~cavA sUtra hogA-pravRtti aura nivRtti kA saMtulana / 220 prastuta paMcasUtrI ke alAvA bhI ahiMsA kI nIti ko sUtra rUpa meM prastuti milii| ahiMsA kI nIti kA maulika ghaTaka hai-zAMti aura sAmaMjasya kI cetanA kA vikaas| ahiMsA aura zAnti donoM AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna | 103

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eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| vikAsa ke lie zAnti eka anivArya zarta hai| ahiMsA nIti kA dUsarA sUtra hai-saapeksstaa| sApekSatA ke dvArA virodhI vicAroM aura dharmoM ke vyaktiyoM ko nikaTa lAyA jA sakatA hai| jana-jIvana ko AtaMka se mukta banAyA jA sakatA hai| ... ahiMsA vikAsa hetu AcArya mahAprajJa kore kalpanAvAdI nahIM, unakI soca yathArtha paraka thii| hiMsA se nipaTane evaM ahiMsA ke vikAsa ke lie do prakAra kI nItiyoM kA nipAta kiyA-alpakAlika nIti aura dIrghakAlika niiti| alpakAlika nIti yaha hai ki sabhI sampradAya ke pramukha logoM se bAta kareM, zAMti kA vAtAvaraNa bnaaeN| paraspara vArtA evaM samajhautA krvaaeN| dIrghakAlika nIti yaha hai ki jo hiMsA kA bhAva hai, use samApta karanA hogaa| ahiMsA kA vikAsa zramasAdhya kArya hai| usake lie prazikSaNa kI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai| yadi sarakAra ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI koI vyavasthA kare to ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| hiMsA kI samasyA kA sthAyI samAdhAna ho sakatA hai|....ahiNsaa prazikSaNa kI jo vidhi vikasita kI hai vaha AdhyAtmika bhI hai aura vaijJAnika bhii| ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke aneka ziviroM meM isa vidhi kA prayoga kiyA jA cukA hai aura usake acche pariNAma sAmane A rahe haiN|221 maMthana pUrvaka pratipAdita ye nItiyAM hiMsA ke bar3hate dAvAnala ko niyaMtrita karane evaM ahiMsAtmaka cetanA ke vikAsa meM ahaM bhUmikA rakhatI hai| apekSA hai virATa stara para inheM apanAne kii| saMkSepa meM ahiMsA ke sAtha nIti niyAmakatA kI mImAMsA AcArya mahAprajJa kI maulika caitasika spharaNA kA dyotaka hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA ko virAT saMdarbho meM sabhI koNoM se prastuti dekara ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI nUtana saMbhAvanAoM ko udaghATita kiyA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke kAlajayI kartRtva se ahiMsA ke svarNima pRSThoM kI saMyojanA kA saMjJAna taba taka adhUrA hai, jaba taka unake dvArA jIvana ke aMtima dazaka meM niSpAdita ahiMsAniSTha vyApaka kAryoM kA jikra na kiyA jaae| isa tathya ke Aloka meM ahiMsA yAtrA ke maulika saMdarbho kI saMkSipta carcA samIcIna hogii| sakriya upakramaH ahiMsA yAtrA adhyAtma kI divya saMskRti ke badaulata bhArata-bhU ko jagat gurU banane kA saubhAgya milaa| usa dharA para hiMsA ke bAdala maMDarAne lge| gAMdhI ke gujarAta meM sAmpradAyika daMgoM kA bhUcAla maca gyaa| usa vakta gurU vaziSTha, vizvAmitra, vAlmIki ke Adarza ko bhUlakara samasyAgata rASTra ke saMta-mahaMta apaneapane khohoM, kuTIroM, AzramoM, bhavanoM meM sustA rahe the| saMprekSApUrvaka rASTrasaMta AcArya mahAprajJa usa samaya apane pUre saMgha kI zakti ke sAtha sarvAtmanA ahiMsA kI prANapratiSThA meM juTa gye| vizvabhara meM ho rahe AtaMkakArI hamale, sAmpradAyika jhagar3e aura ApasI matabhedoM ke bIca AcArya mahAprajJa ne 5 disambara 2001 ko rAjasthAna ke sujAnagar3ha se ahiMsA yAtrA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| ahiMsA yAtrA gujarAta se mahArASTra, damana, madhyapradeza, hariyANA, dillI, uttarapradeza, paMjAba va caMDIgar3ha ke kucha ilAkoM meM hote hue 4 janavarI 2009 ko usI sthAna para Akara samApta huI, jahA~ se yaha zurU huI thii| ahiMsA yAtrA ne dezabhara ke 87 jiloM ke 2400 gAMvoM-kasbo meM jAkara logoM ko ahiMsA kA saMdeza diyaa| jisakI eka jhalaka ahiMsA yAtrA 'nakze' meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| gAMvoM-kasbo kI nAmAMkana sUcI bhI jijJAsu 'ahiMsAH yAtrA patha' meM dekha sakate haiN| 104 / adhara meM ujAlA

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HARYANA Sujangarh RAJASTHAN Shriyari DAMAINS DADRAS AAI VELIKA MAHARASH 1 Sujangarh (Start) 2. Koba Patia (Ahamdabad)/ 3. Surat 4. Mumbai 5. Daman 6. Jalgaon 7. Shriyari(Pali) 8. Delhi 9. Bhiwani 10. Udaipur 11. Jaipur 12. Sujangarh (End) ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna AcArya mahAprajJa ne kisAnoM, garIboM, rASTranetA se lekara Ama AdamI se saMparka saadhaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ke prathama caraNa meM hI sakArAtmaka pariNAma Ane lge| jisakA eka najArA 'ahiMsA yAtrA' ke Agamana evaM gujarAta meM bhar3ake sAmpradAyika daMgoM ke saMdarbha meM bAlotarA (rAja.) meM dekhA gyaa| sabhI jAti evaM sampradAyoM ke logoM kI railI nikalI jisameM ahiMsA paramo dharma, jIo aura jIne do, hindu-muslima-sikkha-IsAI Apasa meM saba bhAI-bhAI Adi nAroM kI takhtiyAM, sAmpradA sauhArda ko prakaTa kara rahI thii| anuzAstA ne sabhI ko pArasparika prema, sauhArda, bhAI cAre kA saMdeza diyaa| gujarAta ke mAhaula ko dekhakara yAtrApatha parivartana kA logoM ne nivedana kiyaa| isa para TippaNI karate hue kahA-'isa samaya hI gujarAta ko ahiMsA yAtrA kI jarUrata hai|' AcArya mahAprajJa ke nirNaya ko sAdhuvAda dete hue vibhinna rAjanaitika logoM ne kahA- 'AcArya mahAprajJa kI gujarAta yAtrA hiMsA meM jhulasa rahI janatA kI zAntipUrNa jIvana jIne kI abhilASA ko sArthaka kregii|' bAlotarA se ahamadAbAda yAtrA patha mena ror3a ko chor3akara choTe-choTe gA~voM kI liMka ror3a ko cunA gyaa| prazna thA aisA kyoM kiyA gayA? anuzAstA kA Azaya thA ki grAmINa logoM se bheMTa ho sake aura ahiMsA yAtrA para yAtrAyita sadasyoM kI kasauTI bhii| AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 105

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ahiMsA yAtrA ke pathikoM ko anuzAstA ne sahiSNutA aura pravara saMyama kA saMkalpa krvaayaa| sar3aka ke mArga ne sahiSNutA kI parIkSA kara hI lii| mahAprajJa ke ye bola isake sAkSIbhUta hai| 'bAr3amera se gur3hAmAlANI taka ve eka Ubar3a-khAbar3a mArga ko pAra kara Ae haiM lekina mArga itanA kaSTakArI nahIM hotA jitanA kaSTakArI AdamI kA Ubar3a-khAbar3a dimaag| AdamI ke Ubar3a-khAbar3a dimAga ne jAtivAda ke bakher3a khar3e kiye haiN|' preraka saMbodha pAkara yAtriyoM kA utsAha zataguNita ho uThA, patha kI vyathA ko bhUla gye| mArgavartI saiMkar3oM gA~voM ke loga AcArya mahAprajJa meM sAkSAt bhagavat zakti kA darzana pAkara dhanyatA kA anubhava krte| apanI duvidhA, vyathA athavA samasyA ko sarala bhAva se nivedita krte| prasaMga 21 jUna, 2002 kA hai-AcArya mahAprajJa Ajola pdhaare| mArga meM kalyANapurA aura AnaMdapurA gAMva se hokara yAtrA Age bddh'ii| jJAta hote hI gA~va ke loga jhuMDa ke jhuMDa hAtha meM cAvala aura rolI lekara khaDe ho ge| jyoMhi yAtrA nAyaka mahAprajJa padhAre. unhoMne cAvala caraNoM meM bikhera die| unheM samajhAyA gyaa| una grAmINa logoM ne kahA-'gurUjI AzIrvAda deM-varSA nahIM ho rahI hai| binA varSA ke phasala kaise uga pAegI?' gurUdeva ne pharamAyA-'ahiMsA meM AsthA rkho| naitika mUlyoM meM vizvAsa rkho| saba kaThinAiyA~ dUra ho jaaegii| yahI AzIrvAda haiN|23 aise aneka prasaMgoM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki gujarAta kI dharatI meM adhyAtma ke saMskAra, saMto ke prati AsthA, Adara kA bhAva Aja bhI jIvita ahiMsA yAtrA ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate hue anuzAstA ne batalAyA-'kisI ko mata mAro' itanI sAmAnya-sI bAta kahane ke lie ahiMsA yAtrA kA Ayojana nahIM huA hai| ahiMsA yAtrA kA uddezya hai-hiMsA ke mUla kAraNa krodha, lobha, IrSyA, bhaya Adi ko dUra krnaa| manuSya ke mana se hI ye sabhI nikala jAeM, Atma nirIkSaNa ke dvArA bhAva vizuddhi ho isa dRSTi se ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa denA yaha ahiMsA yAtrA kA lakSya hai| hamArI ahiMsA yAtrA kA uddezya yahI hai ki hiMsA kI cetanA kA rUpAMtaraNa ho jaae| isase tanAva bhI kama hogaa| tanAva kI sthiti meM sahI nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|' assI varSa kI umra ke pAra AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA soddezya saMpAdita ahiMsA yAtrA ke AzAtIta pariNAma nikle| AMkaDe bolate haiM-ahiMsA yAtrA meM 80 lAkha logoM ne sahabhAgitA darja kI evaM ahiMsA ko pratiSThita karane meM ekajaTatA kA paricaya diyaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ne lagabhaga bIsa hajAra kilomITara kI dUrI naapii| yaha yAtrA cUMki pada-yAtrA thI ataH isameM bar3e zahara to kama Ae, choTe-choTe gA~va adhika aae| yAtrA nAyaka AcArya mahAprajJa ne jaba ina gA~voM meM jAkara lAkhoM logoM ke durvyasana chur3avAe to lagA ki mahAtmA gAMdhI bhArata meM duvArA prakaTa ho gae haiN|24 ahiMsA yAtrA kA yaha jAduI prabhAva thaa| ahiMsaka samAja nirmANa kA eka sakriya prayoga banI ahiMsA yaatraa| jisakI saphalatA kA rAja thA-yAtrA nAyaka dvArA AtmIya saMbodha pUrvaka jana-jana kI saMkalpa cetanA kA jAgaraNa / AcArya mahAprajJa ne vyApaka taura para AhvAna kiyA, ahiMsA yAtrA meM pratyeka vyakti saMkalpa kareM . Aja maiM pUrA dina ahiMsA kA jIvana jiiuuNgaa| * lar3AI saMgharSa nahIM kruuNgaa| . kaTu zabda kA prayoga nahIM karU~gA evaM vaira virodha nahIM kruuNgaa| 106 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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. zrama pradhAna jIvana zailI evaM bhAvadhArA kI nirmalatA para hI ahiMsA kI samajha ko paripUrNa btlaayaa| pratyeka vyakti pratidina saMkalpa kareM-mujhe zAMti ke sAtha jIvana jInA hai evaM bhItara meM badalane kI jijJAsA ko jAgRta rakhanA hai| saMkalpa ke sAtha jIne vAlA hI ahiMsA yAtrA kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai|25 prastuta saMkalpa cetanA kI badaulata lAkhoM logoM ne apanI jIvana kI dhArA ko modd'aa| ahiMsA yAtrA ke mAdhyama se janatA ko ahiMsA kA svara sunane ko milaa| yaha yAtrA jahA~ se gujarI, sauhArda kA vAtAvaraNa dekhane ko milaa| anuzAstA ne cAhA ki hara vyakti tIna saMkalpa grahaNa kareM 1. maiM anAvazyaka hiMsA nahIM kruuNgaa| 2. maiM niraparAdha prANI kI hatyA nahIM kruuNgaa| 3. maiM upabhoga sAmagrI kA saMyama kruuNgaa|26 AcArya mahAprajJa ke AhvAna para saiMkar3oM logoM ne isa saMkalpatrayI ko svIkAra kiyaa| bahuvidha racanAtmaka kAryoM ko niSpAdita karate hue ahiMsA-yAtrA pragatizIla banatI gii| ahiMsA kI anugUMja phira se vizvavyApI bniiN| ahiMsA yAtrA kI gUMja-ahamadAbAda meM ahiMsA ke punarUddhAraka AcArya mahAprajJa gujarAta kI dharA para usa samaya ahiMsA-yAtrA kA kAphilA lekara pahuMce, jisa samaya pUrA gujarAta sAmpradAyika vidveSa kI lapaToM meM jhulasa rahA thaa| isa nAjuka sthiti meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne zAMti sthApana kI valgA apane hAthoM thaamii| vyApaka jana saMparka ke jariye hara vyakti ke diloM-dimAga meM prema, sauhArda, bhAIcAre kI AsthA kAyama kara sakArAtmaka soca pUrvaka ahiMsA kI zakti se paricita kiyaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ke ahamadAbAda Agamana para muslima, sikkha, IsAI, sindhI Adi vibhinna dharmoM se jur3e logoM ke sAtha gaNamAnya netA saha ahamadAbAda ke mahApaura zrI himmata bhAI paTela ne svAgata pUrvaka ahiMsA yAtrA kI prAsaMgikatA vyakta kii| amana-caina aura zAMti kI AkAMkSA saMjoe mahApaura ne 'kI oNpha siTI' AcArya mahAprajJa ke caraNoM meM samarpita kii| mukhyamaMtrI zrI nareMdra modI ne kahA-'gujarAta kI dharatI para pUrNa manoyoga se svAgata karatA huuN| Apake pravAsa se gujarAta ko naI zakti milegI, nayA vizvAsa paidA hogaa| ahiMsA yAtrA kI vicAra krAMti se gujarAta kI vicAradhArA meM badalAva aaegaa|' svAgata samAroha meM upasthita sabhI ciMtanazIla logoM ne ahiMsA-yAtrA Agamana ko zAMti kA varadAna maanaa| isa avasara para ahiMsA yAtrA nAyaka AcArya mahAprajJa ne sabhI kI cetanA ko jhanajhanAte hue, kucha smaraNa karavAte hue naI preraNA kA saMcAra kiyaa| unhoMne kahA-'AcArya hemacaMdra aura mahAtmA gAMdhI ne gurjara bhUmi para saMvedanazIlatA kI lahara paidA kI thI, gujarAta kI pAvana bhUmi para punaH samatA, saMvedanazIlatA kI cetanA jaage| gujarAta ahiMsA kA niryAta kara sakane kI kSamatA prApta kreN| jisase dharma saMskRti aura mAnava jAti kA kalyANa ho ske|227 mahAprajJa ne ahamadAbAda Agamana ke lakSya ko spaSTa karate hue hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI khoja evaM ucita samAdhAna meM apanI zakti ko niyojita kiyaa| gujarAta meM hue daMgoM ke saMbaMdha meM ahiMsA yAtrA pracetA ne TippaNI karate hue samajhAyA-agara AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 107

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hindU aura musalamAna bhAI Apasa meM lar3ate raheMge to ve sadA garIba hI hoNge| sAtha hI deza ko bhI Arthika rUpa se nukasAna hogaa| vikAsa ke lie zAMti Avazyaka hai| donoM kaumoM ke bIca zAMti sthApita karane hetu pratyeka sampradAya ke loga eka-dUsare sampradAya ke logoM ke utsavoM meM vighna na ddaaleN| zAMtipUrNa saha astitva ke mAhaula meM hI dharma kA udaya hotA hai| lar3AI-jhagar3e meM dharma kA vikAsa nahIM hotA / zAMtipUrNa jIvana kA sUtra hai mAnava kA mAnava ke prati prema | 228 isa AtmIya nivedana ko sabhI ne svIkAra kiyA / ahiMsA-zAMti ke mizana ko sAkAra karane hetu AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahamadAbAda ke daMgAgrasta kSetroM kA bhramaNa kara sAMpradAyika sauhArda aura sadbhAva ko prANavAna bnaayaa| unhIM prayatnoM kI badaulata jagannAtha yAtrA aura moharrama va Ida ke parva pUrNa zAMti, sauhArda aura sahayoga ke mAhaula meM manAye gye| jo ahiMsA yAtrA ke ahamadAbAda pravAsa svarNima Alekha bana cuke haiM / ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna kisI bhI preraka avasara para pradatta AcArya mahAprajJa kA mArmika udbodhana zrotA ke antarmana ko hilAkara rakha detaa| isakA udAharaNa hai- prekSA vizva bhAratI (kobA) meM samAyojita 15 agasta kA svataMtratA divasa | AcArya mahAprajJa ne apane preraka udbodhana meM kahA - 'paMdraha agasta kA dina svataMtratA prApti kA dina hai / harSa aura ullAsa kA dina hai / isa dina ko hameM yadi adhika mUlyavAna banAnA hai to usakA upAya hai- AtmanirIkSaNa / vyakti dUsare ko jyAdA dekhatA hai, apane Apa ko bahuta kama dekhatA hai| prazna hogA ki pacapana varSoM meM hamane kyA kiyA ? jahA~ the, vahIM hai, yA Age bar3he haiM? kucha arthoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki hama jahA~ the vahIM haiM / balki aura pIche haTe haiN| garIbI hamAre rASTra kI bar3I samasyA hai| garIbI kA grApha Upara uThA hai| Aja samasyA ke saMdarbha meM cintana to hotA hai, para jo dIrghakAlIna prayAsa honA cAhie, vaha nahIM ho paataa| kisI bhI samasyA ko ekAgratA, saMkalpazakti aura nIti mattA ke AdhAra para sulajhAyA jA sakatA hai tathA ahiMsaka cetanA kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 229 isa maMtavya ke Aloka meM anuzAstA ke preraNAprabodha ko, rASTravyApI samasyA-samAdhAna svarUpa ko parakhA jA sakatA hai / mAnavatA ke masIhA AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA - yAtrA ke mAdhyama se sAmpradAyika sauhArda kI jo alakha jagAI usakI AvAja vizva vyApI bnii| isa upakrama kI prANavAna upalabdhiyoM kA Akalana sudhI pAThaka eka ghaTanA prasaMga se svayaM kara sakate haiM / anuzAstA ke zabdoM meM- 'abhI ahamadAbAda meM hamane dekhA, vahA~ daMgA huA to usake pariNAma garIba logoM ko hI bhogane pdd'e| ahamadAbAda meM kolakAtA se havAI jahAja se eka bhAI darzanArtha aaye| jaba ve havAI aDDe se TaiksI meM baiThakara kobA Ane lage to rAste meM TaiksI DrAivara ne jo musalamAna thA, pUchA- Apa kahA~ jAyeMge? bhAI ne batAyA ki hama kobA meM hamAre gurUjI ke darzana karane ke lie jA rahe haiM / DrAivara bhAva vihvala hokara bolA - kobA vAle mahArAja ne to hameM bacA diyaa| vo nahIM Ate aura zAMti nahIM hotI to hama to ghara para baiThe-baiThe hI bhUkhe mara jaate| bar3e logoM ne to azAMti phailA dii| hameM hI usakA pariNAma bhoganA par3A / ' 230 prekSA vizva bhAratI- kobA meM 28 agasta ko kAMgresa adhyakSa zrImati soniyA gAMdhI ne ahiMsA yAtrA praNetA AcArya mahAprajJa ke darzana kara prasannatA vyakta kI - 'Adhunika kAla meM ahiMsA ke sabase bar3e pujArI mahAtmA gAMdhI kI janmabhUmi meM zAmila hone kA maukA milaa|' unhoneM apane saMbhASaNa meM kahA-'. '... samAja meM ahiMsA ke mUlyoM kI sthApanA, sAMpradAyika sadbhAvanA rASTrIya ekatA aura 108 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ApasI bhAIcAre kI bAta phailAne kI dRSTi se Aja isa ahiMsA yAtrA kA mahattva bahuta jyAdA hai| mujhe pUrA vizvAsa hai ki mahAprajJa jI ke prayAsa ke jariye samAja ko sahI dizA meM calAne meM nizcita rUpa se sahAyatA milegii|' soniyA jI ne isa avasara para apane bhAvapUrNa zabdoM meM vistRta vicAra rkheN| AcArya pravara ne kahA- 'ahiMsA yAtrA kI jarUrata kevala mahAprajJa ko hI nahIM hai| usakI jarUrata pUre rASTra aura vizva ko hai| Aja jisa prakAra hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai, usase pUrA rASTra ciMtita hai| yadi pare rASTra meM ahiMsA kI yAtrA cale to pUrA rASTra phalaphala sakatA hai|' ahiMsA ke prANa pratiSThApaka mahAprajJa ne yaha bhI kahA-'kevala daMDanIti ke sahAre rASTra acchA nahIM cala sktaa| usake sAtha hRdaya-parivartana donoM kA samanvaya ho jAe to rASTra bahuta acchA clegaa|' ___ ahiMsA yAtrA ke uddezyoM ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya pravara ne kahA-'Aja jisa prakAra hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai, ahiMsA yAtrA kI prAsaMgikatA siddha ho rahI hai| isa bar3hatI hiMsA meM bhAvI pIr3hI kA kalyANa kaise ho? usake lie ahiMsA yAtrA jarUrI hai| isalie maiM kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki ahiMsA yAtrA kI jitanI jarUrata mahAprajJa ko hai, utanI hI jarUrata kAMgresa adhyakSA soniyA gAMdhI ko hai, pUre rASTra ko hai| isake binA rASTra kA kalyANa nahIM ho sakatA, rASTra Age nahIM bar3ha sktaa|'21 isa avasara para vistAra pUrvaka vicAra rkheN| dharma netA aura rAjanetA ne samAna rUpa se ahiMsA ko upAdeya btlaayaa| gujarAta kA suprasiddha akSaradhAma, svAmInArAyaNa ke maMdira meM 24 sitambara ko hue AtaMkavAdI hamale meM bhavya maMdira mauta kA maMjara bana gyaa| begunAha logoM ko gana kI goliyoM ne bhUna ddaalaa| gujarAta meM rahane vAle musalamAnoM meM eka bhaya vyApta ho gyaa| godharA kAMDa kA dardanAka dRzya unakI AMkhoM ke sAmane tairane lgaa| unheM bhaya thA ki isa bAra sAmpradAyika hiMsA phailI to hameM da par3egA, jInA dubhara ho jaayegaa| eka muslima mahilA ne kahA-'yaha AtaMkavAdI hamalA aise vakta huA hai jaba hama sabase bure vakta se gujara rahe haiN|' pUre gujarAta meM eka dahazata phaila gii| avasara para AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ne apanA eka saMdeza diyA_ 'akSaradhAma para AtaMkakAriyoM ne jo nara saMhAra kiyaa| vaha bahuta lomaharSaka ghaTanA hai, .....samAja ke hara varga ko isa ghar3I zAMti aura sauhArda banAye rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isa ghaTanA ko sAmpradAyikatA kA rUpa na diyA jaae| paraspara zAMti, sadbhAva banA rhe|' isa saMdeza kI AtmA ne maMtra zaktivat camatkAra kiyaa| gujarAta kI dharatI para koI amAnavIya ghaTanA ghaTita nahIM huii| pArasparika sauhArda aura sadabhAva meM nyUnatA kI bajAya utkarSa dekhA gyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ke prANavAna ahiMsaka prayatnoM kA hI pariNAma thA ki muslima samAja ne sthAna-sthAna para aise bainara lagAe jisameM isa ghaTanA kI nindA kii| sauhArda va dezabhakti ko ujAgara karane vAle bainara muslima samAja ne lagAye, unapara likhA thA 'majahaba nahIM sikhAtA Apasa meM vaira rkhnaa| hindI hai hama vatana hai hindustAM hmaaraa||' muslima samAja ke pramukha loga milakara pramukha svAmI nArAyaNa ke pAsa ge| isa ghaTanA kI niMdA kii| isa kaThina samaya meM logoM ne isa saccAI kA anubhava kiyA ki AtaMkavAdI kI koI jAti nahIM hotii| na usakA koI dharma hotA hai| hiMsAtmaka ghaTanAoM ko janma dene vAle kucha aparAdhI tattva hote haiN| koI bhI pUrI jAti usakI jimmedAra nahIM hotii| AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 109

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apUrva zAMtimaya mAhaula ke nirmANa meM ahiMsA yAtrA bhI eka nimita bnii| ahiMsA yAtrA kA uddezya bhI yahI hai vyakti ke bhItara ahiMsaka cetanA ko jagAnA, naitika mUlyoM kI niSThA paidA krnaa| janatA kA svara thA-'gAMdhI ke bAda gujarAta kI dharatI para punaH ahiMsA ke svaroM ko bulandI dene vAle ye dUsare mahApurUSa haiN|' isa avasara para ahiMsA yAtrA praNetA AcArya mahAprajJa ne eka saMdeza svAmInArAyaNa mandira ke pramukha ko 24.09.2000 ko diyAAdaraNIya zrI pramukha svAmI mahArAja, ___akSaradhAma jaise pavitra sthala para jo huA, use zabdoM meM vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usakI vedanA kA hI anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| Apane isa avasara para zAMti banAye rakhane kA janatA se anurodha kiyaa| yaha ApakI mahAnatA va kSamAzIlatA kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra kI ghaTanAyeM hameM mahasUsa karAtI haiM ki ahiMsA kI zakti kA vizvAsa honA cAhie aura ahiMsA jana-jana meM pratiSThita honI caahie| pUrNa sahAnubhUti ke sAtha prastuta saMdeza ke prati kRtajJatA bhare zabdoM meM zA.nArAyaNa svarUpadAsa (pramukha svAmI mahArAja) ne pratyuttara saMdeza bhejaa| isa pUre ghaTanA cakra kI pratikriyA meM ahiMsA kI jo sakArAtmaka bhUmikA rahI usakI saurabha vizvabhara meM phailii| eka bAra phira mahAprajJa ke rUpa meM gAMdhI ko yAda kiyA gyaa| prekSA vizvabhAratI, kobA pravAsa meM anuzAstA ke hara ucchavAsa aura zabda meM ahiMsA kI anugUMja anubhava kI gii| jisakA nidarzana dIpAvalI para pradatta unake saMbhASaNa meM bhI mukharita huA-'dIpAvalI manAne kA adhikArI kauna? jo saba prANiyoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna samajhatA hai| vaha vyakti hI bhItara ke prakAza ko jAgRta kara sakatA hai| bhItara kA aMdhakAra hai anyAya, zoSaNa, hiMsA, aura muucrchaa| inheM tor3akara hI bhItara ke prakAza ko prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 232 vahA~ upasthita bar3I saMkhyA meM zraddhAluoM ko ahiMsaka cetanA jAgaraNa kA sakriya bodha pATha milaa| yaha bhI jAne, ahamadAbAda-kobA meM ahiMsA yAtrA praNetA kA cAturmAsika pravAsa upalabdhiyoM bharA AzAtIta rhaa| gAMdhI ke mizana ko nayA bala milaa| deza ke gaNamAnya netA varga-rASTrapati DaoN. e. pI. je. abdula kalAma, upa pradhAnamaMtrI zrI lAlakRSNa ADavANI, kAMgresa adhyakSA soniyA gAMdhI, aMtarrASTIya laoNyansa klaba ke adhyakSa kamAra pAla bhAI desaaii| isI taraha khyAti labdha rAjanetA. dharma netA, mIDiyA se jur3e vyaktiyoM, sampradAya vizeSa ke vyaktiyoM ne AcArya mahAprajJa se samayocita mArgadarzana prApta kiyaa| ahiMsA ke kArya ko sthAyitva pradAna karane kI dRSTi se saiMkar3oM maulika kAryakrama saMpAdita hue| yathA-kanyA prazikSaNa zivira, vyaktitva vikAsa kA prazikSaNa, prekSA dhyAna zivira, upAsaka zreNI zivira, ahiMsA samavAya semInAra, dasa divasIya aMtarrASTrIya prekSA dhyAna zivira, mAnavIya ekatA sammelana Adi / eka vAkya meM anuzAstA AcArya mahAprajJa ne gAMdhI ke gujarAta meM ahiMsA kI lahara paidA kii| ahiMsA kI alakha muMbaI meMkaruNA, maitrI aura sadbhAvanA kI mazAla thAme, ahiMsA-yAtrA kA paracama phaharAte hue AcArya mahAprajJa deza kI prathama mahAnagarI muMbaI phuNce| 25 janavarI se 13 maI, taka kA pravAsa saMpUrNa muMbaI 'ahiMsaka cetanA jAgaraNa' abhiyAna ke rUpa meM rhaa| isa upakrama se sarasabja hue mahattvapUrNa kSetra-kurlA, kAMdivalI, 110 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kAlabAdevI ror3a, gore gAMva, ghATakopara, cembUra, carcageTa, ThANe, DoMbIbilI, dAdara, dahIsara, bar3AlA, borivalI, vaDAlA-mATuMgA, bhAMDupa, malADa, muluMDa, varlI zAMtAkruja, aMdherI, ullAsanagara, naI muMbaI Adi / pravAsa ke daurAna vaicArika dRSTi se ahiMsA kI apUrva krAMti ghaTita huI / 'mohamayI nagarI' ke philmI sTAra logoM se lekara rAjanIti paryaMta ke loga evaM vibhinna saMpradAyoM se jur3eM mahAnubhAva ahiMsA yAtrA ke abhiyAna se ne kevala paricita hue apitu isake sAtha jur3akara naI cetanA kA anubhava kiyA / vyasta jiMdagI ke bAvajUda logoM ne apane samaya kA niyojana pUrvaka ahiMsA yAtrA nAyaka ke sAnnidhya kA bharapUra lAbha uThAyA / ahiMsA aura zAMti kI AvAja jhuggI jhoMpar3iyoM se lekara gaganacumbI aTTAlikAoM taka pahu~cI / vizeSa samAroha meM muMbaI vAsiyoM ko abhiprerita karate hue anuzAstA ne kahA-- ' pUre dharma saMgha ke sAtha merA muMbaI Ane kA uddezya yahI hai ki duniyA anuzAsana, vyavasthA va maryAdA ke mUlya ko smjhe| isake binA kabhI ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| jaba sahana karane kI zakti jAgegI tabhI ahiMsA kI bAta saMbhava bana paayegii| 233 yaha saMdeza sabhI ke hRdaya ko chUne vAlA, AtmAnuzAsana kI preraNA dene vAlA sAbita huA / muMbaI pravAsa meM mahAmahima rASTrapati zrI e. pI. je. abdula kalAma ne AcArya mahAprajJa ke darzana 14 pharavarI rAtri ke lagabhaga nau baje kiye / vizeSa vArtAlApa meM rASTrIya evaM aMtarrASTrIya samasyAoM ke sAtha-sAtha adhyAtma, vijJAna, paryAvaraNa, zikSA, ahiMsA, zAMti Adi viSayoM para gaMbhIra maMtraNA huI / saMtoM se bheMTa kii| bAhara nikalate hI mIDiyA ke logoM ne ghera liyA / patrakAroM kA savAla thA- Apako yahA~ kyA milA ? rASTrapati jI kA uttara thA - Enlightenment and New Energy 'nayA prakAza aura naI UrjA / ' tIrthakara tulya sannidhi kA anubhava karAne vAlA AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA - zAMti kA paryAya vyaktitva hI kucha aisA thA jo deza ke prathama nAgarika ko bhI abhiprerita karatA / 15 pharavarI ko AcArya mahAprajJa aura rASTrapati jI ke bIca vArtAlApa 65 minaTa taka claa| rASTrapati jI ne mahatvapUrNa jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna mahAprajJa se kiyaa| isa do divasIya vArtAlApa ko pratiSThita samAcAra patroM ne 'adhyAtma aura vijJAna kA zikhara sammelana' zIrSaka se sacitra prakAzita kiyA / 'zikSA meM naitika mUlya' viSayaka seminAra ke udghATana para DaoN. e. pI. je. abdula kalAma ne AcAryavara ke sAtha huI vistRta carcA kA ullekha karate hue kahA - 'jAgarUka, naitika evaM susaMskRta mAnava ke nirmANa hetu maiMne AcArya zrI jI se mArga darzana prApta kiyaa| unhoMne AcArya mahAprajJa ke kathana ko udghRta kiyA- 'ghRNA vihIna, hiMsA rahita aura zAMtipUrNa mastiSka ke vikAsa ke lie nae vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa jarUrI hai| 2234 carcA meM adhyAtma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya para dhyAna kendrita kiyA gayA / ahiMsA vikAsa kI rAheM eka bAra phira se ujAgara huI AdhyAtmika aura rAjanaitika sarvocca manISiyoM ke saha-saMvAda se / 1 vibhinna sampradAyoM ke mahattvapUrNa logoM ne AcArya mahAprajJa ke ahiMsAniSTa prayatnoM kI mUlyavattA ko aaNkaa| apanI vizeSa rUci prakaTa kI / isakA aMdAjA isa prasaMga se lagAyA jA sakatA hai| rAjya maMtrI nasIma khAna ke sAtha pramukha muslima saMgaThanoM ke padAdhikAriyoM ne AcArya mahAprajJa se mulAkAta karake ahiMsA ke unake mizana meM zAmila hone kI icchA vyakta kI / oNla iMDiyA jamAyate umelA hinda ke sAtha vibhinna saMgaThanoM ke padAdhikArI uttara muMbaI - malADa phuNce| ahiMsA yAtrA pracetA ne preraka udbodhana meM kahA- saMvAda kI kamI kI vajaha se dhArmika samudAyoM AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 111

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meM tanAva paidA ho rahA hai| lagabhaga sabhI ne eka svara se hiMsA ke lie asamAjika tatvoM aura samAja ko bAMTakara rAjanIti karane vAle netAoM ko jimmedAra btlaayaa| aitihAsika baiThaka meM yaha AzA vyakta kI gaI ki rAjanIti ne jo khAI paidA kI hai, dhArmika vidvAna use pATeMge aura amana caina, khuzahAlI va unnati kA mArga dikhaaeNge| muphtI salIma akhtara ne AcArya mahAprajJa se AhvAna kiyA ki ve hindU aura muslima samudAyoM ke pramukha netAoM se carcA kareM aura galataphahamiyoM ko dUra karane kA prayAsa kreN| ___muslima kaunsila oNpha iMDiyA ke adhyakSa ibrAhima tAI, yusupha paMjAbI, navI akhtara Adi aneka muslima baMdhuoM ne sAmpradAyika sauhArda para vArtAlApa kiyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA ki sAmpradAyika sauhArda ke binA koI bhI deza pragati nahIM kara sktaa| Aja AvazyakatA hai ki hinduoM aura muslimoM meM sauhArda kA bhAva jaage| upadrava karane vAle tattva to bahuta thor3e hote haiM, para usakA pariNAma aneka logoM ko bhugatanA par3atA hai| AvazyakatA hai ki sabhI jagaha sAmpradAyika sauhArda kA vikAsa kiyA jaae| najaphiyA hAUsa ke priMsipala maulAnA ahamada AbidI ne AcArya mahAprajJa se bheMTa kI aura zAMti ke prayatnoM kI bAra-bAra prazaMsA karate hue apane isa vizvAsa ko doharAyA ki Aja jo hAlAta haiM ve avazya badaleMge aura avazya hI AdamI sanmArga para aaegaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ke mahA abhiyAna se prabuddha mAnasa meM parivartana kI AzA jgii| bAlakezvara sthita muslima boharA samAja ke sarvocca dharma gurU DaoN. sayyadanA mohammada sAhaba ke saiphI mahala meM boharA samAja ke Agraha para AcArya mahAprajJa pdhaare| vahA~ 52veM dharmagurU DAyalamutalaka DaoN. sayayadana mohammada barahAnaddIna sAhaba se mulAkAta hii| ahiMsA yAtrA nAyaka ne prasannatAparvaka kahA ki amana caina kI bahAlI meM boharA samAja kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| 52veM dharmagurU ne AcArya zrI kI ahiMsA yAtrA kI kAmayAbI ke lie tahedila se tArIpha karate hue duA kii| donoM dharmagurUoM ne eka svara se svIkAra kiyA ki 'jhamelA, jhaMjhaTa, daMgA-phasAda se deza kI tarakkI rukatI hai aura vyavasAya meM vighna par3atA hai| lar3Ane vAle to bar3e loga hote haiM, lekina becArA garIba hI mArA jAtA hai| jhagar3e kA bar3A kAraNa maujUdA rAjanIti hai| mahaja kursI ke lie mArakATa aura hAyataubA macI hai| sabhI dharma gurUoM ko eka hokara amana kA kArya karanA caahie| atyaMta sauhArdapUrNa milana se sabhI ko ahiMsA zAMti ke lie kArya karane kI preraNA milii| mahAprajJa vidyA vihAra prAMgaNa meM mahArASTra yunAITeDa nezansa kI ora se 'IrAka yuddha ke saMdarbha meM dharmAcAryoM kI eka paricarcA ke samAyojana meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne muslima, sikkha, pArasI samAja ke pratinidhi dharmAcAryoM va pramukha logoM ke bIca kahA 'upAsanA paddhati bhinna-bhinna ho sakatI hai lekina mAnavIya ekatA ke prati saMvedanA jarUrI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA thA eka dUsare ko sahana kro| paraspara sauhArda evaM bhAI cArA rhe| sabhI ne AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAroM kA svAgata kiyaa| apanI-apanI bAta khii| maulAnA mastApha hamana AjamI ne kahA 'Apa jaise dharma gurU jo rozanI de rahe haiM, vaha hamAre lie cirAga hai| agara aise mahAtmA lupta ho jAe to duniyA zaitAnoM kI bastI bana jaae|' mAnavatA ke lie isa umra meM (taiyAMsI ke pAra) AcArya mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA yAtrA ko upahAra svarUpa btlaayaa| ahiMsA yAtrA praNetA AcArya mahAprajJa ke bhiMDI bAjAra Agamana para, muslima baMdhuoM ne na kevala 112 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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masjida ke sAmane maMca banAkara AcArya zrI kA svAgata kiyA apitu kurAna kI prati bhI bheMTa kii| musalamAnoM kA utsAha mUrtimAna ho rahA thaa| AcArya zrI ne usa utsAha ko dekhakara kahA-'ahiMsA aura samajhaute kI vRtti rahe to bhArata vikAsa kI dizA meM chalAMga bhara sakatA hai|' muslima baMdhuoM dvArA saMpAdita svAgata-bheMTa ahiMsA yAtrA kI aitihAsika ghaTanA hai|235 muMbaI-ThANe ahiMsA yAtrA ke Agamana para mahArASTra sarakAra ke maMtrI rAjendra darDA ahiMsA dhvaja hAthoM meM uThAye julUsa kI agavAnI kara rahe the| musalamAna logoM kI khAsI saMkhyA dekhakara unhoMne bar3e Azcarya ke sAtha kahA-'jaina AcArya ke svAgata meM musalamAna itanI bar3I saMkhyA meM kaise upasthita ho rahe haiM?' AcArya zrI ne batAyA ki 'ahiMsA yAtrA meM yaha koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| rAjasthAna se lekara yahA~ pahu~cane taka hajAroM-hajAroM musalamAna hamAre saMparka meM Aye haiN| hama bhI musalamAnoM kI daragAhoM aura saMsthAnoM meM jAte rahe haiN| yaha sAmpradAyika sauhArda ahiMsA yAtrA kI anupama upalabdhi rahI hai| mumbrA meM daragAha ke sthAnIya muslima baMdhuoM ne ahiMsA yAtrA kA svAgata kiyaa| unhoMne isa upakrama ko mAnava-mAnava ke bIca sauhArda sthApana kA eka mahatvapUrNa prayatna btlaayaa| isa avasara para AcArya mahAprajJa ne sabhI baMdhuoM ko yaha sAmUhika pratijJA karavAI ki 'maiM jAti sampradAya ke nAma para lar3AI daMgA nahIM kruuNgaa|' sabhI ne saMkalpa ke sAtha apane Apa ko zaktizAlI anubhava kiyaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ke muMbaI pravAsa se sAmpradAyika sauhArda kA vAtAvaraNa bnaa| hiMdU aura musalamAnoM meM saMvAda banA, parasparatA kI dUrI paTI, kar3I judd'ii| hara sthAna para pahu~ca kara AcArya mahAprajJa ne prema, ahiMsA aura bhAIcAre kA saMdeza diyaa| sacamuca gAMdhI kA noAkhalI kA hiMdU-maslima ekatA dRzya AcArya mahAprajJa ke mArphata muMbaI meM sAkAra ho utthaa| gRha rAjyamaMtrI kRpAzaMkara ke zabdoM meM- 'muMbaI meM AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI ke pravAsa ke kAraNa pUrI taraha zAMti banI rhii|236 yaha unakA vyaktizaH aura sAmUhika anubhava rhaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ke sthAyI prabhAva kI dRSTi se ahiMsA niSTha AyojanoM kI muMbaI meM jhar3I laga gyii| jinameM pramukha hai-ahiMsA saMvAya maMca seminAra (1-3 mAca), AcArya tulasI mahAprajJa vicAra maMca, saMskRti saMgama kI ora se-paMca divasIya aMtarrASTrIya sammelana kA samApana mahAprajJa sabhAgAra meM Ayojita-40 dezoM ke 210 pratinidhiyoM ne AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAroM ko preraNA pAtheya ke rUpa meM sviikaaraa| 'zikSA ke naitika mUlya' seminAra. prekSAdhyAna zivira paMcadivasIya. tridivasIya rASTrIya ahiMsA samavAya sammelana, ahiMsA prazikSaNa kendra kA udghATana, paMca divasIya prekSAdhyAna zivira meM prabuddha varga kA saMgama-jaja, baiMka mainejara, DaoNkTara, vakIla, cArTeDa ekAuMTeTa, grejueTa vizeSa rUpa se| sarvAMgINa vikAsa ke pariprekSya meM 'samagra vikAsa ke mUlavartI prayoga'-tridivasIya parisaMvAda / gurUkula ke 200 zikSaka-zikSikAoM kA tridivasIya jIvana vijJAna zikSaNa-prazikSiNa meM cAra sau se adhika zikSakoM ne apanI sahabhAgitA darja kii| cArTeDa ekAuMTeTsa kI sNgosstthii| DAkTarsa saMgoSThI, muMbaI pulisa ucca adhikAriyoM ke bIca pulisa prazAsana meM 'tanAva prabaMdhana' viSaya para carcA, jisameM caubIsa pulisa sTezansa ke lagabhaga 150 pulisa adhikAriyoM ne bhAga liyaa| pulisa javAnoM kA prekSAdhyAna prayoga, 'sarva dharma sadbhAva sammelana' Adi vibhinna AyojanoM ke sAtha choTe-moTe aneka kAryakrama ahiMsA yAtrA ke benara tale sampAdita hue| jo AcArya mahAprajJa kI prANavAna ahiMsA kI samaya-samaya para hAmI bharate rheNge| ahiMsA-zAMti aura sAmpradAyika sauhArda kI dRSTi se muMbaI meM ahiMsA yAtrA ne kIrtimAna kAyama kiyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna | 113

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ahiMsA yAtrA nAyaka ne muMbaI Ane kA uddezya spaSTa karate hue kahA-'bhraSTAcAra ko miTAnA sarakAra kA kAma hai| hamArA ekamAtra kAma to bhItara kI cetanA ko jagAne kA hai| hama parivartana kI bAta nahIM karate, rUpAMtaraNa kI bAta karate haiN| bhraSTAcAra ko miTAne lie kevala Upara-Upara kAma rane se nahIM clegaa| apitu jar3a taka jAnA pdd'egaa| cetanA ko parivartana karane kA kAma jar3a kA kAma hai|'237 isakI saMpUrti meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne vibhinna kSetroM ke padAdhikAriyoM se vArtAlApa kiyA, saMparka saadhaa| nAmoM kI lambI sUci hai| aneka mahAnubhAvoM ne ahiMsA yAtrA mizana ko samajhA, mAnavatA ke nAma kucha nayA karane kA saMkalpa bhI sNjoyaa| eka vAkya meM deza kI Arthika mahAnagarI meM ahiMsA yAtrA ke pravAsa se mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA ko bala milaa| vimalamUrti yuvAcArya mahAzramaNa (AcArya mahAzramaNa) jI ne muMbaI ke aneka kSetroM meM svataMtra viharaNa kara ahiMsA yAtrA kI kar3I se saMpUrNa muMbaI ko jodd'aa| sUrata (gujarAta) meM ahiMsA yAtrA ahiMsA-zAMti, sAMpradAyika sadbhAvanA kI misAla kAyama karate hue ahiMsA yAtrA kA kAravA~ hIroM kI nagarI sUrata phuNcaa| hIroM kI camaka meM cuMdhiyAye mAnava ko AMtarika camaka kA ehasAsa kaise ho? isa satya ko samajhAne meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne apanI zakti ko niyojita kara vyApaka prayatna kiyaa| jisake sakArAtmaka pariNAma ahamadAbAda, muMbaI meM anubhava kiye gye| sUrata eka mahAnagara hai| isameM aneka upanagara haiN| eka-eka upanagara hI apane ApameM nagara jaisI pratIti karavAte haiN| isa vizAla nagara meM ahiMsA kI razmiyoM ko phailAne kA mahAna saMkalpa saMjokara hI anuzAstA pdhaare| sUrata kI sImA meM praveza karate hI prathama udabodhana meM hI AcArya mahAprajJa ne logoM kI cetanA ko jagAte hue kahA-hamArI bhakti meM Apa jitanA utsAha dikhAte haiM itanA aura aisA hI utsAha apane dainika jIvana, khAnapAna, AjIvikA tathA dinacaryA meM bhI dikhAeM to jIvana kA kayAkalpa ho sakatA hai| dhyAna rahe-dharma kI kasauTI dharma sthAna nahIM bAjAra, dukAna aura oNphisa meM hotI hai| maiM dharma kI upAsanA ko mahatva detA hU~, kintu naitikatA zUnya dharma kI upAsanA ko mahatva nahIM detaa| bahuta sAre loga mujhase AzIrvAda cAhate haiN| para kevala AzIrvAda cAhane se kyA hogA jabaki Atmazuddhi nhiiN| Atmazuddhi ke abhAva meM AzIrvAda bhI phaladAyI nahIM hotaa| sUrata ke praveza dvAra para maiM sabase yahI kahanA cAhU~gA ki isa zahara se anaitikatA kI saphAI kara dI jaae| anaitikatA kA kacarA kahIM raha na jaae| Aja saphAI kI dRSTi se sUrata kI mizAla dI jAtI hai| para yahA~ naitika mUlyoM kA itanA vikAsa ho ki logoM meM kisI prakAra kI apramANikatA, hiMsA AtaMka na rhe| isI meM hamAre cAturmAsa kI saphalatA hai|38 isa avasara para yaha bhI kahA-'sUrata kevala vyApAra ke lie hI prasiddhi nahIM pAye apitu ImAnadArI ke lie bhI prasiddhi pAye, kevala bAharI svacchatA ke lie hI prasiddhi nahIM pAye AMtarika svacchatA ke lie bhI prasiddhi pAye, kevala bar3I-bar3I imAratoM kA zahara hI nahIM baneM apitu yahA~ kI jhoMpar3a paTTI meM bhI vikAsa kI jyoti jle|' isa bhAvanA ke anurUpa aNuvrata samiti sUrata ke kAryakartAoM ne poza logoM kI bastI siTI lAiTa meM bhavya terApaMtha bhavana ke pAsa basI panAsa jhopar3apaTTI ke vikAsa kI yojanA bnaaii| svacchatA, svasthatA, zikSA, vyasanamukti tathA rojagAra kI dRSTi se unnati para dhyAna diyA gyaa| apanI sImA meM kArya gatizIla bnaa| 114 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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panAsa bastI meM aNuvrata samiti sUrata tathA nirmala janarala haoNspiTala kI ora se zramajIviyoM ke lie meDIkala zivira Ayojita kiyA gyaa| dakSa DaoNkTaroM kI TIma ne na kevala saiMkar3oM logoM ke zarIra kA parIkSaNa hI kiyA apitu davAIyA~ bhI pradAna kii| A~khoM kI bImArI vAle logoM ko cazmeM pradAna kie tathA unake oNparezana kI bhI vyavasthA kI gii| bastI ke logoM ko svAvalaMbI banAne ke lie rajanIkAMta bhAI dvArA bastI meM svarojagAra ke prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA kI gii| aNuvrata vizva bhAratI kI ora se cAra silAI mazIneM dene kI ghoSaNA kI gii| saikar3oM bhAI-bahana vibhinna prakAra ke svarojagAroM kA prazikSaNa le raheM haiN| AMzika ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA, saphAI prazikSaNa ke sAtha susaMskAra bharane kA punIta kArya bhI jArI hai| mAnava sevA samiti ke adhyakSa jayalAla jI ne sUrata ke 25 jhoMpar3apaTTI vistAroM ke 64000 parivAroM meM svacchatA abhiyAna puraskAra samAroha kA Ayojana terApaMtha sabhA bhavana meM kiyaa| isa svacchatA abhiyAna se 3 lAkha loga lAbhAnvita hue| AcArya mahAprajJa ne samAroha meM aMtara kI saphAI para bhI bala diyaa|239 sacamuca jarUrata maMda logoM ne ahiMsA yAtrA praNetA ko jIvana kA uddhAra karane vAlA bhagavAna hI maanaa| unakI preraNA se hI yaha camatkAranumA kArya ghaTita huaa| hamane IsA ko nahIM dekhA para jarUrata maMda ke lie AcArya mahAprajJa IsA se kama nahIM the| apanI sImA meM rahakara jitanA saMbhava thA unhoMne saMpAdita kiyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa kI gatizIla ahiMsA kA hI prabhAva thA ki unakI dRSTi meM rAjanetA aura dInahIna, amIra aura garIba sabhI ke lie ucita sthAna thaa| apitu yaha bhI anubhava kiyA gayA ki ve asahAya ke prati bahuta saMvedanazIla the| unakI saMvedanazIlatA kA hI sabUta hai svayaM rASTrapati mahodaya unake pAsa rASTravyApI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna pAne upasthita he| _ AcArya mahAprajJa kI puSkala cetanA se abhibhUta hokara rASTrapati DaoN. e.pI.je. abdula kalAma mahodaya apanA 73 vA~ janmadina manAne ke lie unakI sannidhi meM sUrata phuNce| deza kI dhArmika sadbhAvanA ko majabUtI dene ke lie 15 akTUbara 2003 ko sUrata meM AcArya mahAprajJa ke netRtva meM eka zIrSa dharma garUoM kA sammelana mAnasika ekatA (yaniTI oNpha mAiMDa) Ayojita haa| tatkAlIna rASTrapati DaoN. e.pI.je. abdula kalAma do divasIya sammelana ke adhyakSa the| isa sammelana meM huI carcA ko sUrata AdhyAtmika ghoSaNA (esaesaDI) ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jisake tahata pA~ca sUtrIya kArya yojanA banAI gii| pa~casUtrI kArya yojanA kA saMkSipta rUpa nimna rUpoM meM jAnA jA sakatA hai. zAMti prArthanA evaM vibhinna dharmoM se saMbaMdhita maulika satyoM ke mUlabhUta saMdezoM ko prasArita karane ke lie prati mAsa bhArata ke sabhI hissoM meM nAnA dhArmika matoM ke sammelana Ayojita kreNge| zikSA, svAsthya, peyajala tathA vyavasAya aura rojagAra ke avasara upalabdha karAne ke lie bhI aneka kAryakrama dhArmika pariyojanA ke rUpa meM prAraMbha kareMge, jisase garIboM ko sahayoga mile| dhArmika samudAyoM dvArA saMcAlita zikSaNa saMsthAoM meM, anya saMpradAyoM ke baccoM ke lie kucha pratizata aMza rakhA jAe tathA unheM dhArmika sahiSNatA, sadAcAra ke sAtha mulyaparaka zikSA pradAna kI jaaye| 'aMtaH sAmpradAyika parisaMvAda' ke antargata vibhinna dharmagurUoM, AdhyAtmika AcAryoM tathA vidvAnoM ke bIca saMparka baneM evaM samAja kI jvalaMta samasyAoM kA samAdhAna khojA jaae| AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 115

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mahatvapUrNa kAryoM ko mIDiyA dvArA prasArita kareM / eka rASTrIya stara ke svataMtra evaM svAyatta saMgaThana saMsthAna kI sthApanA ho, jisakA prabaMdhana dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika gurUjanoM, prabuddha nAgarikoM dvArA saMyukta rUpa se kiyA jAye | 24 ina uddezyoM kI prApti ke lie 'phAuNDezana phaoNra yUniTI oNpha rilijiyasa eNDa elAiDa siTIjanazipa (phyUreka)' kI sthApanA kI gii| isa para sabhI dharma gurUoM ne apanI sahamati jAhira kii| jisakA vidhivata saMcAra rASTrapati kalAma ne AcArya mahAprajJa ke janmadina para 15 jUna 2004 ko rASTrapati bhavana meM zurU kiyaa| 211 isa maulika upakrama ke dvArA yaha saMbhAvanA kI gaI ki bhArata san 2020 taka eka vikasita rASTra ke rUpa meM ubhara sakatA hai, jisameM usakI sAMskRtika virAsata evaM mUlyaparaka taMtra samanvaya evaM zAMti sthApanA kA saMdeza pUre vizva meM prasArita kara skegaa| isa virAT pariyojanA meM AcArya mahAprajJa kI ahaMbhUmikA rahI, jo unakI ahiMsA vikAsa kI AkAMkSA ke anurUpa thii| sUrata ghoSaNA patra ne pUrI duniyA kA dhyAna kendrita kiyA, vikAsa ko naye saMdarbhoM meM khojane ke liye / ahiMsaka krAMti ke sUtradhAra AcArya mahAprajJa ne sUrata kA AdhyAtmika itihAsa racane hetu sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA evaM zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva kI jo mizAla kAyama kI / usakI pRSThabhUmi meM unakA athaka parizrama bolatA hai| isakI puSTi meM eka udAharaNa hI paryApta hai| logoM ke nivedana para pUjyavara liMbAyata (udhanA yArDa) phuNce| vizeSa rUpa se madInA masjida ke pAsa hajAroM muslima bhAIyoM svAgata dvAra, sTeja banAkara sasaMgha AcAryavara kA svAgata kiyA / isa avasara para AcArya mahAprajJa ne apane preraka udbodhana meM kahA hamane sunA hai ki yaha kSetra sUrata kA saMvedanazIla kSetra hai| Aja hama mUla kAryakrama meM parivartana kara lagabhaga 10 kilomITara kA cakkara lekara yahA~ pahu~ce haiN| hama mAnavIya ekatA ke lie hI kAma kara rahe haiM aura yadi zAMti, sadbhAvanA evaM bhAIcAre ke vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa hotA hai dasa to kyA eka sau dasa kilomITara kA cakkara kATane meM bhI hameM takalIpha nahIM hogI balki khuzI hogI / 242 isa avasara para unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ahiMsA kA jIvana, jIvana bhara jIyA jA sakatA hai| hiMsA kA jIvana jIvanabhara nahIM jIyA jA sktaa| sAla ke 365 dinoM meM AdamI sAmpradAyika unmAda meM Akara krUra hiMsA kevala do dina karatA hai 363 dina to vaha eka dUsare ke sAtha hila-milakara hI rahatA hai, para aise vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kare, do dina hiMsA ke dekhane na pdd'e| pArasparika prema-sauhArda para bala dete hue paristhiti sudhAra ke mahatvapUrNa upAya sujhAye / ahiMsA vikAsa kI dRSTi se sUrata cAturmAsika pravAsa meM AcArya mahAprajJa kI pAvana sannidhi meM vibhinna racanAtmaka kAryoM kI saMyojanA huI / unameM se kucha mukhya rahe-dasa divasIya antarrASTrIya prekSA-dhyAna zivira, pulisa javAnoM kA dasa divasIya prazikSaNa zivira, tridivasIya gujarAta starIya zivira, hindU-muslima ekatA zivira, aNuvrata prekSA parivAra kA tridivasIya zivira, pa~ca divasIya prekSA dhyAna zivira, mAnasika ekatA sammelana, mahAsabhA pratinidhi sammelana, mahilA sammelana, aNuvrata samiti sUrata dvArA svaicchika saMsthA sammelana, akhila bhAratIya stara para kanyA adhivezana, sAmaMjasya kAryazAlA, ahiMsA prazikSaNa kAryazAlA, svastha jIvana zailI kAryazAlA AcArya mahAprajJa ciMtana meM vaijJAnika dRSTiyA~dvidivasIya rASTrIya saMgoSThI ityAdi mahattvapUrNa kAryakrama parisaMpanna huye / sUrata ke pravAsa meM AdhyAtmika, dhArmika, rAjanIti se jur3e pramukha mahAnubhAvoM ne AcArya mahAprajJa 116 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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se ahiMsA vikAsa kA dizA darzana prApta kiyA / samagra rUpeNa ahiMsA yAtrA kA sUrata pravAsa upalabdhiyoM bharA rhaa| jahA~ se ahiMsA kI AvAja vizva vyApI pasarI / ahiMsA ke vikAsAtmaka svarUpa vimarza se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ahiMsA kI amiTa lau ko deza-kAla aura paristhitiyoM kI havAeM astitva zUnya na banA sakI / banispata isakI jyoti samayasamaya para prabhAsvara banakara jana-jIvana ko Alokita karatI rahI hai aisA aitihAsika saMdarbha se ujAgara hai / ahiMsA kI jIvaMta zakti mahApuruSoM kI prANadhArA se jur3akara sadaiva vAMchita pradAtrI siddha huI / vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM vizeSarUpa se mahAtmA gAMdhI kI prayoga dharmA ahiMsA ne naye itihAsa kA sRjana kiyA aura duniyA ke samakSa mizAla kAyama kI / use punaH prajjvalita karane meM AcArya mahAprajJa kA yogadAna mahattvapUrNa hai| vizva ke zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva kI pRSThabhUmi meM unhoMne ahiMsA ko anivArya btlaayaa| isa bAta ko balapUrvaka prastuta kiyA ki vaiyaktika jIvana ko Anandamaya banAne ke lie ahiMsA ko jIvana kI prayogabhUmi meM utAranA hogaa| isake prAyogika saMcaraNa hetu aneka mahattvapUrNa upakrama sujhAye haiN| ahiMsA ke vikAsakrama kA maMthana jijJAsu ke lie naye tathyoM ke samAkalana meM yogabhUta banegA aura etad viSayaka khoja ko nayA AyAma degA / saMdarbha 1. jambUdvIpa prajJapti vakSaskAra 2, 29 - 'muMDe bhavitA agArAo aNagAriyaM pavvaie NatthiNaM tassa bhagavaMtassa katthai paDibaMdhe / ' yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA tattva darzana - 7 2. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA tattvadarzana - 7-8 3. paNDita rAmacandra pAThaka, Adarza hindI zabdakoza. 49 4. kSulaka jainendravarNI, jenendra siddhAMtakoza 4. 53 5. umAsvAti, tattvArthasUtra - 7.13 - "pramattayogAtprANa vyaparopaNaM hiMsA / " 6. saM. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, sUyagaDo 1.10.21, TippaNa - 71. 450 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanAmUla, 803 8. saM. DaoN. rAmacandra dvivedI; DaoN. prema sumana jaina jaina vidyA kA sAMskRtika avadAna - 119 9. saM. yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni, prazna vyAkaraNa - 2.1.109- 'esA bhagavaI ahiMsA jA sA aparimiya-NANadaMsaNadharehiM sIla-guNa- viNaya-tava-saMyama NAyagehiM titthayarehiM savvajaga jIvavacchalehi...... aNupAliyA bhagavaI / ' 10. saM. muni nathamala, AyAro. 4.1.1 11. AyAro, 4.1.9-'diTTha suyaM mayaM viNNAyaM, jameyaM parikahijjai / ' 12. AyAro, 4.1.2-'esa dhamme suddhe Niie sAsae samicca loyaM kheyaNNehiM pveie|' 13. bhASyakAra : AcArya mahAprajJa, AcArAMgabhASyam. 208 14. uttarajjhayaNANi 6.6- 'ajjhatthaM savvao savvaM, dissa pANe piyAyae / na haNe pANiNo pANe, bhayaverAo uvarae / / ' 15. AyAro, 1.2.3.63-64- 'savve pANA piyAuyA, suyasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA, appiyavahA, piyajIviNo.... / savvesiM jIviya......... / ' 16. AyAro, 1.5.90 taM No karissAmi samuTThAe / ' 17. saM. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, samavAo, 6.2-'cha jIva nikAyA paNNattA,....... / ' 18. AyAro, 8.1.18- 'taM pariNNAya mehAvI Neva sayaM etehiM kAehiM daMDaM samAraMbhejjA, vahiM etehiM kAehiM daMDaM samAraMbhAvejjA.......... / " 19. AcArAMgabhASyam, 365 20. paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI - muni zrI nathamalajI, samaNa suttaM 156. 50 AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 117

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'NANI kammassa khayattha-muTThido No vido ya hiNsaae| adadi amUr3ha ahiMsatthaM, appamatto avadhago so||' 21. dasavaikAlika niyukti gAthA, 154-'na haNai na haNAvei ya samamaNaI teNa so smnno|' 22. AcArAMgabhASya, 180 23. AyAro, 2.6.181-'se mehAvI aNugghAyaNassa kheyaNNe, je ya bNdhppmokkhmnnnnesii|' 24. dasaveAliyaM, 6.8.-'ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA savvabhUesu sNjmo|' 25. dasaveAliyaM, 8.3- 'tesiM acchaNajoeNa niccaM hoyavyaM siyaa| maNasA kAyavakkeNa, evaM havai sNje||' 26. bAlacandra siddhAMtazAstrI, jaina-lakSaNAvalI. 1.164 27. uttarajjhayaNANi,19.25-'samayA savva bhUesu sattumittesu vA jge|' 28. AyAro, 4.1.1-2- 'savve pANA, savve bhUyA, sabve jIvA, savve sattA na hantavvA, na ajjAveyavvA, na paritavevvA, na paritAveyavvA, na uddveyvvaa| esa dhamme dhue, niyae sAsae ....... / ' 29. AcArAMgabhASyam, 207-8 30. AcArya mahAprajJa, puruSottama mahAvIra. 40-41 31. sUyagaDo, 1.3.80 32. dasaveAliyaM, 10.5-'attasame mannejja chippkaaye|' 33. sUyagaDo, 1.56 34. AyAro, 1.5.91-'maMtA maiyaM abhayaM vidittaa|' 35. AyAro, 5.5.101-'tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM 'haMtavvaM' tti mannasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM 'ajjAveyavvaM' ti manasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM 'paritAveyavvaM' ti mannasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM 'parighetavvaM' ti manasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM 'uddaveyavvaM' ti mnnsi|' 36. AcArAMgabhASyam 164 37. praznavyAkaraNa sU. 2.1.3- 'tasya ya NAmANi iyANi goNNANi hoti, taM jayA-1. pANavahaM 2. ummUlaNA sarIrAo 3. avIsaMbho......tIsaM pANavahassa kaDuyaphala desgaaii|' 38. praznavyAkaraNa sU. 2.1.107- 'tasya par3hamaM ahiMsA jA sA sadevamaNuyAsurassa loyassa bhavai dIvo tANaM saraNaM gaI paiTThA 1. NivvANaM 2. NivvuI 3. payAsa ya 60 Nimmalayaratti evamAINi NiyayaguNANi nmiyAhaM pjjvnnaa...|' 39. paM. zrI rAma zarmA AcArya, Rgveda. 3.4.16 40. paM. zrI rAma zarmA AcArya, yajurveda. 1.40.2-'kurvanneha karmANi jijIviSecchataM smaaH| evaM tvayi nAnyatheto'sti na karma lipyate nre|' 41. Rgveda, 1. bhUmikA-24-'pazun pAhi gAM mA hiMsI, ajAM mA hiNsii| aviM mA hiMsI mA hiMsI dvipAdaM pshuN| mA hiMsIreka zarpha pazuM mA hisyAt srvaabhuutaani||' 42. Rgveda, 2.5. 64-3-'yannUna yazyAM gati mitrasya yAyAM pthaa| asya priyasya zarmaNyahiMsAnasya sshcire|" 43. yajurveda, 40.7-'yasminna sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmavAbhUdvijAnataH / tatra ko mohaH kaH zoka 'ekatva manupazyataH / / 44. paM. zrI rAma zarmA AcArya, atharvaveda, 1.4.19-22 45. Rgveda, 10.19.1-2-'saMgacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saM vo manAMsi jaantaam........|' 46. DA. subhASa vedAlaMkAra 'tanejA'-ema.e.pI.eca.DI sAhityAcArya, IzAvAsyopaniSad.6 'yastu sarvANi bhuutaanyaatmnyevaanupshyti| sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijugupste||' 118 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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47. 108 upaniSad brahma vidyA khaNDa, 96. jAbAladarzanopaniSad, 1.8 48. nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad, 4.10.-'ahiMsA stymste......|' 49. 108 upaniSad, jAbAladarzanopaniSad, 1.15-'svAtmavatsarvabhUteSu kAyena manasA giraa| anujJA yA dayA saiva proktA vedAnta vedibhiH||' 50. muNDakopaniSad 2.8- 'bhiddate hRdaya granthizchidyante sarva saMzayAH / ___ kSIyante cAsya karmANi tasmindRSTe praavre||' 51. pro. satyavrata siddhAMtAlaMkAra, ekAdasopaniSad. 592 52. IzAvAsyopaniSad, 1- 'OM IzAvAsyamidaM sarva yatkiMca jgtyaaNjgt| tena tyaktena bhujIthA mA gRdhaH kasya sviddhnm||" 53. kaThopaniSad, 1- 'U~ shnaavvtu| saha nau bhunktu| saha vIryaM krvaavhai| tejsvinaavdhiitmstu| mA vidvissaavhe| OM zAntiH zAntiH shaanti|' 54. zrI gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI, rAmacarit mAnasa 92.93,377 'dharama na dUsara satya samAnA, Agama nigama purANa bkhaanaa| maiM soi dharama sulabha karipAvA, tajetihUM pura apajasa chaavaa||' 55. rAmacarita mAnasa, 133.1.405 'kari kehara kapi kola karaMgA, vigata baira bicarahiM ika sNgaa|' 56-58. rAmacarita mAnasa, 226, 3-4, 467,242, 477, 268.1-2.495 59-60. rAmacarit mAnasa, uttarakANDa, 16.2.857, 41-45, 870-72 61. jayadayAla goyandakA, saMkSipta mahAbhArata (prathama khaMDa), anuzAsana parva 23. 115, 28-29-116 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH, ahiMsA paramo tpH| ahiMsA paramaM satyaM yato dharma prvrtte||' 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH ahiMsA paramo dmH| ahiMsA paramaM dAnamahiMsA paraMma tpH|' 'ahiMsA paramo yajJaH ahiMsA paramo phlm| ahiMsA paramaM mitra mahisA paramaM sukhm||' 62. saMkSipta mahAbhArata-1. anuzAsana parva 3-176- 'karmaNA na naraH kurvan hiMsA pArthiva sttm| vAcA ca manasA caiva tato duHkhAt prmucyte|| pUrva tu manasA tyaktvAtyajeda vAcAtha krmnnaa|' 63. saMkSipta mahAbhArata-1. anuzAsana parva 145 (mAnavatA kI dhurI. 38) 'devatAtithi-suzrUSA satataM dhrmshiiltaa| vedAdhyayana-yajJAzca tapo dAnaM dmstthaa|| AcArya-gurU-suzruSA-tIrthAbhi gamanaM tthaa| ahiMsAyA varArohe kalAM nA rhanti sso'shiim||' 64. jayadayAla goyandakA saMkSipta mahAbhArata (khaNDa dvitIya) zAnti parva 20-272, 30-262, mAnavatA kI dhurI-39 'ahiMsA sakalA dharmo hiNsaadhrmstthaahitH| na bhUtAnAmahiMsAyA jyAyAn dharmo'sti kshcn| yasmAnnodvijate bhUtaM jAta kiMcit kthNcn||' 65. saMkSipta mahAbhArata-1, 532-533 66. saMkSipta mahAbhArata-2, 1317 67. zrImadbhagavadgItA, 10-5 'ahiMsA samatA tuSTistapo dAnaM ysho'yshH| bhavanti bhAvA bhUtAnAM matta eva pRthgvidhaa|' 68. zrI madbhagavadgItA, 13-30-'yadAbhUtapRthagbhAvamekastha mnupshyti| tata eva ca vistAraM brahma saMpadyate tdaa||' 69. zrI madbhagavadgItA, 16.2- 'ahiMsA satyamakrodhastyAgaH zAntirapaizunam dayAbhUteSvaloluptvaM mArdavaM hiircaaplm||' 70. zrI madbhagavadgItA, 12-13- 'adveSTA sarvabhUtAnAM maitraH karuNa eva c| nirmamo nirahaMkAraH samaduHkhasukhIH kssmii||' AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna | 119

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71. zrI madbhagavadgItA, 6-29- 'sarvabhUtasthamAtmAnaM sarvabhUtAni cAtmani / IkSate yogayuktAtmA sarvatrasama darzanaH / / ' 72. zrI madbhagavadgItA, 18.38.431- tapaH kRte prazaMsanti, tretAyAM jJAnakarma ca / dvApare yajJamevAhurdAnamekaM kalau yuge / / ' 'sarveSAmapi dAnAnAmidamevaMkamuttamam / abhayaM sarvabhUtAnAM nAsti dAnamataH prm||' abhavaSyavANaM / ' 79. sUyagaDo, 1.6.23- dANANa se 74. padma purANa, 18.439, 440 - nAstyahiMsA samaM dAnaM nAstyahiMsA samaM tapaH / 75. nArada purANa, 16-22- ahiMsA sA nRpaproktA sarvakAmapradAyinI / karma-kArya-sahAyatvamakArya paripanthatA / / ' 76. brahma purANa, 8.9.224- 'karmaNA manasA vAcA ye na hisanti kiMcana / tulyadveSya-priyAdAntA mucyante karma bandhanaiH / / " 'sarvabhUtadayAvanto vizvAsthA sarvajantuSu / tyaktahiMsa-samAcArAste narAH svargagAminaH / / ' 77. zrIzrIzrI muni lAlaguptA, viSNu purANa. 22.45'gAyanti devAH kila gItakAni dhanyAstu te bhArata bhUmibhAge / svargApavargAspadamArgabhUte, bhavanti bhUyaH puruSAH suratvAt / / ' 78. jaina bhAratI, 3-5. 2002.98 79. saMskRti ke do pravAha, 59, saM. 1991 80. muni nagarAja jI DI. liT, ahiMsA paryavekSaNa 11 81. amRtacandrAcArya, puruSArtha siddhayupAya 44 'aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiMseti / teSAmevotpattihiMseti jinAgamasya sNkssepH| 82. sUyagaDo, 1.12.18 Dahare va pANe puDhe ya pANe, te Atato pAsa savvaloge 83. aMgasuttANi- 2 bhagavaI, 19.3.35- puDhavi kAie NaM bhaMte akkate samANe kerisivaM vedaNaM paccaNubbhavamANe viharai ? goyamA se jahAnAmae kei purise taruNe balavaM.....vedaNaM paccaNubhavamANe viharai 84. dazAzruta skandha, 6. 195 - ' jAviya se vAhirA parisA bhavati taM jahA dAsetti vA pesetti vA milaetti vA bhAilletti vA avarAhaMsi svayameva garuaM daMda vattetti taM jahA - imaM daNDeha, imaM muMDeha, imaM tajjeha ....... / 85. vAcanA pramukha gaNAdhipati tulasI pradhAna saM. AcArya mahAprajJa-saMpAdikA samaNI kusumaprajJA, niyuktipaMcaka, : : dasavekAlika niyukti 42.75 'hiMsAe paDivakto hoi ahiMsA caubihA " 'sAu' davve bhAve ya tahA, ahiMsa'jIvA ivAo tti / / ' 86. anu. paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI-muni zrI nathamalajI, samaNa sutaM. 157.50 'attA ceva ahiMsA, attA hiMsati Nicchao samae / jo hodi appamatto, ahiMsago hiMsago idaro / / ' 87. AcArya mahAprajJa, bhikSu vicAra darzana 126 88. samaNa suttaM, 153, 154.48 89. AcArya mahAprajJa, jaina paramparA kA itihAsa. 85 saM. 2002 90. DaoN. rAmacandra dvivedI- DaoN. premasumana jaina, jaina vidyA kA sAMskRtika avadAna. 17-18 91. jaina darzana ke paripArzva meM 99102 92. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA aura aNuvrata siddhAMta aura prayoga. 12-13 suttanipAta, dhammika sutta- 'pANe na hAne na ca ghAtayeya, na cAnumanyA hanataM paresaM / 120 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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savvesu bhUtesu nidhAya daNDaM, ye ghAvarA ye ca tasaMti loke / / 99. dhammapada- daNDabarga, 1- savve tasaMti daMDassa sabve bhAvanti muccuno| attAnaM upayaM katvA na haneyya na ghAtaye / / ' 94. muni zrI nagarAja jI DI. liT, Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana. 528 95. ahiMsA aura aNuvrata siddhAMta aura prayoga, 11 96. anu. rAmAprasAda, ema. e. pAtaMjala yogasUtra bhASya. 2-90 tatra ahiMsA sarvadA sarvabhUteSu anabhidroha: / ' 97. maharSi zrI haribhadra AcArya, yogadRSTi samuccaya- 107 98. abhidhAna rAjendra koza. 1.879 99. ahiMsA tattva darzana, 199 100. muni zrI nagarAja jI, DI. liT, ahiMsA viveka. 214-15 101. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, bhikSu vicAra darzana, 87 (1979) 102. bhikSu vicAra darzana, 112-113 (1979) 103 uttarajjhayaNANi 18.35- 'sagaro vi sAgaraMtaM bharahavAsaM narAhiyo / issariyaM kevalaM hiccA, dayAe parinivvuDe / ' 104. ahiMsA viveka, 141. anukampA kI DhAla. 1.8 105-106. ahiMsA tattvadarzana, 19-21 107. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA aura zAMti, 63 108. ahiMsA, 57 109. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 2-8 110. AcArya mahAprajJa, terApaMtha zAsana anuzAsana 109 111. ahiMsA viveka, 11 chAndogya upaniSad 3.17.4- ataH yat tapodAnamArjava mahiMsA satyavacana miti tA asya dakSiNA / ' 112. uttarajjhayaNANi 12.40,44- kahaM care? bhikkhu vayaM jayAmo? pAvAi kammAi paNollayAmo? akkhAhi Ne saMjaya! jakkhapUiyA! kaha sujaTThe kusalA vayaMti / / ' 'tavo jor3a jIvo joiThANaM, jogA suyA zarIraM kArisaMga / 113. AcArya mahAprajJa, muktabhoga kI samasyA aura brahmacarya, 38 114. AcArya mahAprajJa, astitva aura ahiMsA, 63 115. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 129 116. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu 43-44. AcArya mahAprajJa, 117. rAmacarita mAnasa, SaSTha sopAna laGkAkAMDa. 79.2 svAsthya kI triveNI, 91 'nAtha na ratha nahiM tana pada trAnA / kehi bidhi jitaba bIra blvaanaa|' 118. rAmacarita mAnasa, SaSTha sopAna, laikAkANDa 79.9.4.5.6.80 / 'soraja dhIraja tehiratha cAkA satya sIla dRr3ha dhvajA ptaakaa| bala bibeka dama parahita dhore| chamA kRpA samatA raju jore / / ' 'Isa bhajanu sArathI sujAnA birati carma saMtoSa kRpAnA / dAna parasu buddhidhi sakti pracaMDa bAra bigyAna kaThina ko daMDa / / ' 'amala acala mana goNa smaanaa| sama jama niyama silImukha nAnA / kavaca abheda vipra gura pUjA / ehi samaM bijaya upAya na dUjA / / ' 'sakhA dharmamaya asaratha jAkeM / jItana kahaM na katahuripu tAkeM / ' 'mahA ajaya saMsAra ripu jIti sakai so bIra / jAkeM asaratha hoi dRr3ha sunahu sakhA matidhIra / / ' 119. AcArya mahAprajJa, mahAvIra kA punarjanma, 98 AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 121

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tA 120. uttarajjhayaNANi 9.35 'appANameva jujjhAhiM, kiM te jujjheNa bjjho| appANameva appANaM, jaittA suhmehe||' 121. AcArya mahAprajJa, mukta bhoga kI samasyA aura brahmacarya, 66 122. munilAla, adhyAtma rAmAyaNa. ayodhyAkANDa 'gaGgAM nocetsamAkRtya nAvatiSThantu saayudhaaH| jJAtayo me samAyattAH pazyantaH srvtodishm||' 123. adhyAtma rAmAyaNa, yuddhakANDa. 11.26 124. adhyAtma rAmAyaNa, 11.29.32. 'rAvaNasya dhanurmuktAH sarpA bhUtvA mahAviSAH / zarAH kAJcana puGkhabhA rAghavaM prito'ptn|| taiH zaraiH sarpavadanairvamadbhiranalaM mukhaiH / dizazca vidizazcaiva vyAptAstra tadAbhavan / / rAmaH sastito dRSTvA smntaatpripuuritaan| sauparNamastraM tadghoraM puraH prAvartaya drnne|| 125. niyukti paMcaka, 91 dazave. ni. gAthA-214 'kiMcI sakAyasatthaM, kicI parakAya-tadubhayaM kiNci| etaM tu davvasatthaM, bhAve ya asaMjayo satyaM / / ' 126. AcArya mahAprajJa, adhyAtma kA prathama sopAna : sAmAyika, 143. 127. muni nathamala, jaina darzana ke maulika tattva, 2.358 128. AcArya mahAprajJa, nayA mAnava : nayA vizva, 46 129. hindI navajIvana, 7.5.31 130. harijana sevaka, 26.11.38 131. harijana sevaka, 7.7.46, 'ahiMsA caturtha bhAga, 103 132. zrI mannArAyaNa, RSi vinobA, 369 133. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 47 134. muni sukhalAla, vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina dharma: 10 135. adhyAtma kA prathama sopAna : sAmAyika, 146 136. AcArya mahAprajJa, jaina yoga, 82 137. vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina dharma, 14. AcArAMga 1-27.34 138. ahiMsA aura zAMti, 19 139. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA prathama bhAga. 20. hindI navajIvana-19-3-1925 140. AcArya mahAprajJa, lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 116 141. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 79 142. puruSottama mahAvIra, 98 143. yU.Ara.rAva, aise the bApU, 45 144. puruSottama mahAvIra, 98-99 145. jaina yoga, 82 146. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 115 147-148. rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya. 537, 538, harijana. 21 julAI 1946 149. luIphizarakRta 'e vIka vida gAMdhI, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya 537-38 150. muni nathamala, jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA, 328-29 151. mahAprajJa : jIvana-darzana, 55 152. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 106-11 153. DaoN. rAmacandra dvivedI, DaoN. premasumana jaina, jaina vidyA kA sAMskRtika avadAna. 21 122 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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154. AcArya tulasI-yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA aura aNuvrata (siddhAnta aura prayoga) 10 155. zrImadbhagavadgItA, 6-20-'Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazcati yo'rjuna! sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sayogI paramo mtH||' 156. ahiMsA tattva darzana, 4-6 (1988) 157. muni nathamala, ahiMsA tattvadarzana. 11 (1960) 158. gAMdhIjI, saMpA. vizvanAtha zarmA.......ahiMsA-4 (gAMdhI vAMgamaya khaNDa dasa) 159. ahiMsA bhAga-4, 435 160. AcArya mahAprajJa, maMjila ke par3Ava, 16 161. ahiMsA bhAga-4, 431. 'harijana sevaka, 31.8.47 162. ahiMsA tattva darzana, 93 163. dasaveAliyaM, 4.7.8 164. yaMga iMDiyA, hindI navajIvana, 29.9.27 165-166. ahiMsA-1,5,113, 64 hindI navajIvana, 4.11.1926 167. The Selected works of M.G. Vol.IV. 153 The basic works. 168. The Selected works of M.G. Vol VI- 153. The voice of truth. 169-170. ahiMsA-1,32, hindI navajIvana. 20.8.25/1,17 171. harijana sevaka, 9.4.38 172. gAMdhI vicAra dohana-16-17 173. haribhAU upAdhyAya, bApU-kathA, 61 174. DaoN. zrI rAma varmA, bhAratIya rAjanItika vicAraka. 408-9 175. DaoN. amarezvara avasthI-DaoN. rAmakumAra avasthI, Adhunika bhAratIya sAmAjika evaM rAjanItika ciMtana-373 176. sarvodaya tattvadarzana, 74 177. DaoN. esa.ela.varmA, DaoN. madhu mizrA, mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM dharmanirapekSatA, 60. 178. ahiMsA-3.302.3 'harijana sevaka. 27.1.40 179. harijana sevaka, 20.7.47 180. The Selected works of M.G. Vol-IV-216 The basic works. 181. yaMga iMDiyA, 1.10.31 182. hindI navajIvana, 19.11.31 183. ahiMsA-1.95. hindI navajIvana, 1.3.28 184-186. ahiMsA-3-318. harijana sevaka, 4.5.40, 292, 335. 187. bApU-kathA, 179 188. ahiMsA-3,339-40.293 189. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-4.409. harijana sevaka, 25.8.46 190. DaoN. dazaratha siMha, gAMdhIvAda ko vinobA kI dena. 397 191. harijana sevaka, 15.10,38 192. sArthakatA manuSya hone kI. 63 193. muni sukhalAla, ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa pada cihna, bhAga-1.150,48 194. sAdhvI vimalaprajJA, ahiMsA yAtrAH ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 73 195. ahisA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.278-9 196. muni sukhalAla, ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2.222 197. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu. 47 (1989) / 198. mahAprajJa ne kahA, bhAga. 11.167 AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA meM yogadAna / 123

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.. 190. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.230 200. AcArya mahAprajJa, AmaMtraNa Arogya ko, 106-113 201. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu. 47 (15-16) 202. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2.102-3 203. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.136-7, 80-81 204. mahAprajJa ne kahA, bhAga. 16.41-42 205. AcArya mahAprajJa, ciMtana kA parimala, 141 206. astitva aura ahiMsA. 45-46 207. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.100 208. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, merI dRSTiH merI sRSTi, 129 209-210. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.30, 220, 217 211. ahiMsA yAtrA ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 257 212. mahAprajJa ne kahA, bhAga 11.166-67, 171-72 213. mahAprajJa ne kahA bhAga-4.60-65 214. sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 18.19 215. merI dRSTiH merI sRSTi, 132 216. mahAprajJa ne kahA, bhAga.11.166 217. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna. bhAga. 2.14 218-219. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.71-72, 49, 282-83, 94, 89 220. ahiMsA yAtrAH ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 269 221. vijJapti, 23-28 jUna, 2002.6-7 222. aNuvrata patrikA, 1-5 jUna 2010.8 223. ahiMsA yAtrAH ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha. 212,255 224. aNuvrata, 1-5 jUna 2010. 9-11 225. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2.225-26 226-27. ahiMsA yAtrAH ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 235, 261, 259 228. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2,242 229. ahiMsA yAtrAH ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 276-77 230. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1,72 231-32. ahiMsA yAtrAH ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 280-83, 296-98, 304 233-37. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1, 154, 177, 189, 280, 285, 235, 323-26, 149 238-40. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2, 23, 236-38, 224-26 241. rAjasthAna patrikA, 10 maI 2010 242. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2, 287-88 124 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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adhyAya-2 preraNAsrota

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pUrvavRtta gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa ke virAT vyaktitva meM ahiMsA kA teja mukhara huaa| isake mUla utsa ko jAnane ke lie saMskAra saMpadA kA parijJAna mahatvapUrNa hai| ve kAraka jo doMno mahApuruSoM ke jIvana nirmANa meM yogabhUta baneM unakA vimarza dvitIya adhyAya meM abhipreta hai| vyaktitva nirmApaka ghaTakoM meM samAnatAasamAnatA ke rUpa meM maulikatA kA nidarzana hai| mAtA se milA tyAga-niyama pradhAna saMskAra saMpadA kA suyoga saha vyakti vizeSa kI preraNA mahApurUSoM ko samAna rUpa se milii| vaise manISiyoM ke preraNotsa meM kAphI vaiziSTya hai| jisake mukhya ghaTaka nimnAMkita haiM gAMdhI ke preraNotsa adhikAMza avyakta hai, mahAprajJa ke sAtha aisA nahIM haiN| bhinna zikSA pariveza-ucca zikSA pAne kA suyoga videzI bhUmi para milA jo gAMdhI kI bhArata svataMtratA cetanA jagAne meM yogabhUta banA, mahAprajJa ko zikSaNa-prazikSaNa hetu gurukula jaisA vAtAvaraNa dharmasaMgha meM milaa| gAMdhI zikSA guru ke vAtsalya se vaMcita rahe, mahAprajJa dIkSA-zikSA guru kI paravariza meM pUrNa nizcita rhe| . dharma, darzana aura rAjanaitika bhinna mAhaulaH gAMdhI ke dila meM hindUdharma evaM prakArAntara se jaina dharma ke saMskAroM kI chApa thI, mahAprajJa meM jainatva-mAnavatA ke saMskAra ghanIbhUta bneN| . gAMdhI ko rAja-kAja saMbaMdhI saMskAra paitRka saMpadA ke bataura mileM, mahAprajJa kA paitRka sAyA zaizava vaya meM hI uTha cukA thaa| bhUmikA bheda se mahApuruSoM ke preraNotsa meM kAphI aMtara hai| eka bar3A antara svanirdhArita preraNA pradIpa meM hai| mahAprajJa ne vyaktitva nirmANa ke mAnaka svayaM nirdhArita kiyeN| aisA ullekha 'mere jIvana ke rahasya' Alekha meM milatA hai| jijJAsu preraNA saMjokara apane vyaktitva kA vAMchita nirmANa kara sakatA hai| pUrvavRtta / 127

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saMskAroM kI mUla ikAI 'AnevAlI pIDhiyAM zAyada muzkila se hI vizvAsa kara sakeMgI ki gAMdhI jI jaisA hAr3a-mAMsa kA putalA kabhI isa dharatI para huA hogaa|' albarTa AiMsTIna ke kathana meM virAT zakti kA iMgita hai, jo Adhidaivika sattA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| usakA mAnava honA aura kAlAtikrAMta samaya kI gati ke sAtha mAnava rUpa meM svIkAranA kaThina hogaa| para gAMdhI bhArata ke itihAsa kI bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai| atimAnavIya cetanA ke dhanI gAMdhI kA nirmANa jina phaulAdI sat-saMskAroM se huA ve kaba, kahAM aura kaise saMghaTita hue, vihaMgAvalokana apekSita hai| gatizIla vyaktitva ke nirmApaka kArakoM kA vimarza mahatvapUrNa hai| mA~ putalIbA gAMdhI kA jIvana unake zabdoM se bar3A thA, unakA AcaraNa vicAroM se mahAn aura jIvana prakriyA tarka se adhika sRjanAtmaka thii| aise mahAmAnava ko 2 akTUbara,1869 (vi.saM. 1925 kI bhAdrapada kRSNA dvAdazI) porabandara-sudAmA purI meM janma dene kA saubhAgya mAtA putalIbA ko milaa| mAtA kevala janmadAtrI hI nahIM saMskAra pradAtrI thii| gAMdhI ne aneka bAra isa tathya ko abhivyakti dI-'mujha meM jo bhI acchAI hai vaha saba merI mA~ kI badaulata hai|' manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki zizu meM saMskAroM kA bIjavapana mA~ peTa meM hI AraMbha ho jAtA hai| vahIM para bacce ke nAjaka bAlamana kI gaharAiyoM meM kacha icchAe~ paiTha jAtI haiN| bhaviSya meM ye icchAe~ hI use tadanurUpa karma karane ke lae udyata karatI hai| sTIma iMjana ke baoNyalara ke prezara kI taraha ye icchAeM niraMtara eka dabAva banAye rakhatI hai aura AdamI ko saMcAlita karatI hai| gAMdhI ke jIvana meM jhAMkeM to mA~ putalIbA kI jIvanagata vizeSatAe~-zraddhA, bhakti, sevA, tapasyA- upavAsa-sAdagI ke saMskAra hI unameM pratibimbita paayeNge| vrataparAyaNa mAtA ekAdazI, cAturmAsa, candrAyaNa Adi ke vrata dRr3hatA pUrvaka karatI thii| cAturmAsa meM eka bAra unhoMne hara tIsare dina upavAsa kA vrata liyaa| lagAtAra do-tIna upavAsa unake lie mAmUlI bAta thii| isa tathya kI prastuti gAMdhI ne dI-merI mAtA ke Antarika jIvana kA pratighoSa unakI tapazcaryA meM par3atA thaa| mujha meM kucha pavitratA dekhate ho to vaha mere pitA kI nahIM hai, merI mAtA kI hai| merI mAtA kA cAlIsa varSa kI Ayu meM avasAna huA thA, isalie maiMne unakI bharI javAnI dekhI hai| kintu kabhI bhI unheM ucchRkhala yA TIpaTApa vAlI athavA kucha bhI zauka yA ADaMbara 128 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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karane vAlI maiMne nahIM dekhaa| usakI pavitratA kI chApa hI sadA ke lie mujha para banI haI hai|' isase aMdAja lagA sakate hai ki putalIbA kA AMtarika sauMdarya kitanA unnata thaa| ucca zikSA prApti hetu videza jAne ke prasaMga para mAM kA mana kizora putra ko vilAyata bhejane meM sNkucaayaa| kahIM merA beTA pavitratA ke rAjamArga se bhaTaka na jaaye| becarajI svAmI ke parAmarza para bhejane kA nirNaya liyaa| becarajI svAmI mor3ha baniyoM meM se bane eka jaina sAdhu the| unhoMne samAdhAna kiyaa| maiM isa lar3ake mohana ko tIna cIjoM ke vrata dilA dUMgA phira ise jAne dene meM koI hAni nahIM hogii| mohana gAMdhI videza meM ucca zikSA pAne hetu kisI bhI pratijJA ko svIkArane ke lie taiyAra the| pratijJA livAyI-'mAMsa, maMdirA tathA strI-saMgama se dUra rhnaa| pratijJAvAna putra ko mAtA ne saharSa jAne kI anumati dii| iMglaiMDa pravAsa ke prathama tIna varSoM meM unakI sabase jaTila samasyA thI mAtA se kI haI pratijJA ko nibhaanaa| para vratoM kA phaulAdI kavaca evaM mana kI daDhatA mAMsa. madirA aura mAyAvinI ke pralobhanoM se rakSA karane meM saphala rhii| isa saphalatA kA sArA zreya mA~ putalIbA ko jAtA hai| gAMdhI ko zAkAhAra-annAhAra para gujara karate dekhakara DaoNkTara mehatA ne unheM mAMsAhAra kI AvazyakatA btaaii| vratagrahaNa kA gAMdhI ne dRr3hatA se jikra kiyaa| para gAMdhI kI dRr3hatA tathA unake AhAra ke guNa doSoM kA adhyayana DaoN. mehatA ke mAMsAhAra tyAga kA nimitta bana gyaa| sAtha hI DaoN. mehatA ne pUrNa nirAmiSa bhojana, khAdI kA paridhAna, svadezI vastuoM kA upayoga aura mAta bhASA dvArA zikSaNa meM pracAra-ye sabhI gAMdhI mArga apnaaye| kAlAMtara meM DaoN. mehatA ne apanI Aya kA bar3A hissA gujarAta vidyApITha, Azrama ke makAna, gurukula kA makAna, rAjakoTa kI rASTrIya zAlA Adi paramArtha ke kAmoM ke lie gAMdhI ko diyaa| isakA sArA zreya gAMdhI ne mAtA putalIbA ke pratijJA pradAna zikSaNa ko diyaa| iMglaiMDa meM zAkAhAra ko apanAye rakhA aura ise pratiSThita karate hue 'vejITeriyana' (zAkAhArI) patrikA meM nau lekha, likhakara unhoMne patrakAritA kI dizA meM pahalA kadama utthaayaa| vo laMdana kI zAkAhArI saMsthA kI kAryakAriNI ke sadasya bana gye| unhoMne zAkAhArI klaba kI sthApanA kii| AhAra ke jo prayoga pratijJA, svAsthya aura mitavyayitA kI dRSTi se zurU kiye the, ve Age calakara unake dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke paryAya bana gye| zAkAhAra ke viSaya meM aMgrejI pustakoM ke vicAra bar3e preraNAdAyI lge| unhoMne dhArmika, vaijJAnika, vyavahArika dRSTi se chAnabIna kii| naitika dRSTi se manuSya ko pazu-pakSiyoM para jo prabhutva prApta huA hai, vaha unheM mArakara khAne ke lie nahIM balki unakI rakSA ke lie hai| athavA jisa prakAra manuSya eka-dUsare kA upayoga karate haiM, para eka-dUsare ko khAte nahIM, usI prakAra pazu-pakSI bhI upayoga ke lie haiM khAne ke lie nhiiN| khAnA bhoga ke lie nahIM jIne ke lie hai ataH na kevala mAMsa kA niSedha apitu aMDoM aura dUdha kA tyAga bhI sujhaayaa| svayaM ne prayoga bhI kiyaa| vijJAna kI dRSTi se aura mAnava zarIra racanAnusAra pakvaphala khAne ke lie hI manuSya zarIra banA hai| vaidyaka dRSTi se sAdA supAcya-binA mirca-masAle kA AhAra va vyAvahArika Arthika dRSTi se kama kharcIlA AhAra annAhAra hI ho sakatA hai|' gAMdhI isa nirNaya para pahuMce kI svAda kA saccA sthAna jIbha nahIM para mana hai| mana se svIkRta yaha vrata unake lie mAtA dvArA pradatta anamola upahAra bana gyaa| _ 'Apa meM saba devatAoM ko khuza karane kI khUbI hai| jisa lekha meM Apa vAisarAya ke bhASaNa kI tArIpha karate haiM, usI meM jayaprakAza aura samAjavAdiyoM ke lie bhI kucha mIThI bAta kara DAlate saMskAroM kI mUla ikAI / 129

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/ ' saradAra paTela ke isa vinoda para gAMdhI ne muskurAte hue kahA : 'jarUra merI mA~ ne mujhe yahI sikhAyA thaa| vaha mujhe havelI aura zivamaMdira - donoM jagaha jAne ko kahatI thI, aura jaba hamArA vivAha huA to hamako pUjA ke lie saba hindU maMdiroM meM hI nahIM, balki phakIra ke takiye para bhI le jAyA gayA thA / aise samanvayAtmaka saMskAra unheM mAtA se mile the / putalIbA kA jIvana vratamaya tapamaya thA / mAtA ke Adarza jIvana se milI preraNA meM upavAsa unake lie saMpUrNa jIvana ke duHkha darda miTAne kA sudarzana cakra sAbita huaa| jo upavAsa unhoMne saMyama, Arogya kI dRSTi se prAraMbha kiye the ve kAlAMtara meM Atmazuddhi, nyAya prApti evaM hRdaya parivartana ke amogha astra siddha hue| jIvana ke aneka nAjuka kSaNoM meM upavAsa kA sahArA liyA aura saphalatA prApta kii| gAMdhI jIvana ke upavAsa kI eka saMkSipta jhA~kI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|* upavAsoM meM se yaravadA jela meM kiyA gayA 'AmaraNa anazana upavAsa' sarvAdhika prasiddha hai jisane hindU samAja ke sthAyI vighaTana ko rokaa| upavAsoM meM eka ora gAMdhI kA Atma-vizvAsa AdhyAtmika zakti tathA unake vipakSI ke hRdaya ko prabhAvita yA parivartita karane kI kSamatA kA pradarzana huA to dUsarI ora eka sarvamAnya rAjanetA ke rUpa meM janatA para unakA saMtulita prabhAva pdd'aa| bhAratIya saMdarbha vastutaH donoM hI bAteM satya hai / gAMdhI ne apane jIvana meM lagabhaga 166 dina upavAsa kiyA / " unake upavAsavrata ko koI vyakti kisI bhI rUpa meM grahaNa kareM, para yaha saccAI hai ki gAMdhI ke upavAsa ahiMsaka zakti ke pratIka evaM pASANa hRdaya parivartana ke sabUta haiM / tathyataH mAtA putalIbA kA tapaHpUta jIvana, dRr3ha AsthA aura pracura pyAra gAMdhI ke hRdaya-paTala para sadA aMkita rhaa| bhaviSya ke aparigrahI, mauna vrata aura upavAsoM meM saMlagna, ghRNA kA pyAra se javAba dene vAle luMgIdhArI mahAtmA ke nirmANa meM sabase adhika prabhAva unakI mAtA putalIbAI hI thaa| pArivArika pariveza ahiMsA gAMdhI kA jIvana vrata bniiN| yaha sUrya ke prakAza kI bhAMti unake jIvana kA ujalA pakSa hai| unhoMne ahiMsA ko ArAdhA-sAdhA aura virAT phala hastagata kiyeM / prazna hai gAMdhI ne ahiMsA kI aisI tAlIma kahAM se pAI ? isakA kAlpanika uttara beimAnI hogaa| svayaM jo dalIla dI hai vaha sarvathA prAmANika hai| unhoMne kahA-maiMne to khuda apanI sphUrti se ahiMsA ko apanAyA thA, mujhe bacapana meM ghara ke vAtAvaraNa meM hI isakI tAlIma milI thii| isameM hiMsA kI apekSA adhika zakti samAyI huI hai yaha maiM dakSiNaaphrIkA meM samajha sakA / vahAM mujhe susaMgaThita hiMsA aura sAmpradAyika dveSa kA mukAbalA ahiMsA ke jariye karanA par3A thA / hiMsA kI apekSA ahiMsA kA mArga zreSTha hai yaha dRr3ha pratIti lekara maiM dakSiNa aphrIkA se lauttaa|' isa maMtavya ke AdhAra para gAMdhI kI ahiMsA sphUrNA kA samyak Akalana kiyA jA sakatA hai| pArivArika pyAra se bacapana meM pyAra bhare moniyA ke nAma se pukAre jAne vAle mohanadAsa bhaviSya ke bhArata nirmAtA baneMge, ahiMsA aura zAMti ke pratIka baneMge yaha kauna jAnatA thA ? para avyakta rUpa . se pArivArika pariveza meM unheM aisI hI khurAka milI jo sadguNayukta jIvana jIne kI sthAyI preraNA * pariziSTa : 2 130 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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bana gyii| kartavya parAyaNatA, sevA-bhAva, satyaniSThA, asIma dhArmika AsthA, sarvadharma samabhAva Adi ke saMskAra apane pArivArika vAtAvaraNa meM prApta hue the| apanI Atma kathA meM likhA-'rAjakoTa meM mujhe saba saMpradAyoM ke prati samAna bhAva rakhane kI zikSA milii| maiMne hindU dharma ke pratyeka sampradAya kA Adara karanA sIkhA, kyoMki mAtA-pitA vaiSNava-maMdira meM, zivAlaya meM aura rAma-mandira meM bhI jAte aura hama bhAiyoM ko bhI sAtha le jAte yA bhejate the| pitAjI ke pAsa jaina dharmAcaryoM meM se bhI koI na koI hamezA Ate rahate the| pitAjI unheM bhikSA bhI dete the| ve unake sAtha dharma aura vyavahAra kI bAteM kiyA karate the| isake sivA pitAjI ke musalamAna aura pArasI mitra bhI the| ghara A~gana ke samanvayAtmaka dhArmika mAhaula kI chavi gAMdhI ke jIvana meM aMkita hotI gyii| yaha eka suyoga hI thA ki saurASTra ke porabaMdara zahara meM unakA janma haa| vaha makAna vaiSNava maMdira se saTA, rAma maMdira ke sAmane aura zivAlaya ke najadIka banA huA mAno koI Azrama hI ho| parivAra ke bar3e-bUr3he logoM ke lie rAma maMdira dina kI baiThaka bntaa| prAtaH sAyaM maMdira meM rAmAyaNa kI kathA aura bhajana-kIrtana hote the| jisakA bAlaka mohana rasika thaa| isakA jikra gAMdhI ne Atma kathA meM kiyA-jisa cIja kA mere mana para gaharA asara par3A vaha thA rAmAyaNa kA paaraaynn| merI umra teraha sAla kI rahI hogI, para yAda par3atA hai ki unake pATha meM mujhe khuba rasa AtA thaa| yaha rAmAyaNa zravaNa rAmAyaNa ke prati mere atyadhika prema kI buniyAda hai| Aja maiM tulasIdAsa kI rAmAyaNa ko bhaktimArga kA sarvottama graMtha mAnatA huuN| bAlyakAla meM hI 'rAma-nAma' kI mahimA se gAMdhI paricita ho gaye the| isakA nimitta prasaMga thA-bAlyAvasthA meM unheM bhUta preta kA Dara lagatA thA aura samaya kusamaya aMdhere meM jAne se ve Darate the| rambhA nAma kI naukarAnI ne batAyA ki rAma-nAma kA japa karane se bhUtapreta bhAga jAte haiM taba se hI bAlaka gAMdhI ne rAma-nAma ko apnaayaa| yahI rAma-nAma jIvana bhara unakA mUla maMtra rhaa| marate samaya bhI unhoMne rAma kA hI nAma liyaa| prakaTa rUpa se bacapana meM hI unheM apanI AsthA nirmANa ke nimitta milate rheN| pitA satya priya, zUra, udAra, zuddha nyAya priya rAjanaitika vyakti the| unake dAdA tathA pitA tatkAlIna kAThiyAvAr3a kI riyAsatoM ke dIvAna, pradhAna rahe the| ve rAjabhakti, kartavyaniSThA, sadAcAritA evaM janahita kalyANakArI kAryoM ke lie prasiddha the| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki pitA-dAdA ke ye saMskAra meM adhika sakriyatA se saMcarita hye| prabaddha carcA ke rasika pitA karamacaMda bImAra hone para hindU paMDitoM, jaina muniyoM, pArasI daravezoM aura muslima auliyoM ko ghara bulAkara unase dharma carcA aura vAda-vivAda sunA krte| bacapana meM bImAra pitA kI tImAradArI ke samaya gAMdhI ko bhI una carcAoM aura bahasoM ko sunane kA maukA mila jAyA krtaa| usa samaya unako dharma aura adhyAtma kI U~cI bAteM bhale hI samajha na par3I ho paraMtu kaI dharmoM ke vidvAnoM ko eka sAtha baiThakara maitrIpUrNa DhaMga se carcA karate dekha dhArmika sahiSNatA kI chApa bAla mAnasa para avazya paDatI thii| janmadAtrI, saMskAra nirmAtrI mAtA evaM rAjanIti ke pecIde savAla hala karane kI kSamatA bharane vAle pitA ke prati gAMdhI kA apUrva samarpaNa thaa| apane hRdaya kI bhAvuka prastuti meM unhoMne yahA~ taka kahA 'jagat meM mA~-bApa kA prema jaisA maiMne jAnA hai, aisA jagat meM koI mujhase adhika mA~ yA bApa saMskAroM kI mUla ikAI / 131

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ko cAhatA hai maiM kahU~gA, usako mere pAsa le Ao maiM use dekha luuN| apane mAtA-pitA ko maiMne isI se apane vaza meM rakhA thaa|' yaha unake samarpaNa kA sabUta hai / anya saMska calatI-phiratI, pheriyoMvAlI sinemA - citrAvalI se bAlaka mohana ke hRdaya para pitRbhakta zravaNa kumAra kI anokhI chApa chpii| isa ghaTanA ko pustaka meM bhI par3hA aura jIvana meM gar3hA / isakA saMvAdI kathana upalabdha hai| eka bAra apanI dillI yAtrA meM gAMdhI ne apane putra rAmadAsa se kahA - 'basa, tuma merI hI sevA meM lage raho, isase hI tumako saba kucha mila jaayegaa| tumako maiMne batAyA to hai hI ki maiMne saba kucha pitR-bhakti aura pitR-sevA se hI pAyA hai|.... bacapana meM maiMne eka citra kA~vara uThAkara calane vAle zravaNa kA dekhA, mujha para usakA bhArI prabhAva par3A / .... ...mA~ mujha paira dabavAtI thIM aura mere bApU to mere binA aura kisI se sevA nahIM lete the / " pitA ke AkhirI dina taka sevA kA krama uttarottara bar3hatA gayA / ye sevA ke saMskAra bhaviSya meM samaSTi bhAva ko prApta hue / rAjakoTa meM eka bAra bAlaka mohana ne satyavAdI rAjA 'harizacandra' kA nATaka dekhaa| satyAcaraNa, satyaniSThA kA gaharA prabhAva usake hRdaya para par3A / jIvana ke antima kSaNoM taka patthara meM utkIrNa Alekhavat satya kI chApa gAMdhI para aMkita rhii| kAlAMtara meM gAMdhI ne anubhava kiyA ki satya kA mArga khAMDe kI dhAra ke jaisA hai para ve kabhI isase cyuta na hue| satya ke saMbaMdha meM unakA abhimata thA 'satya eka vizAla vRkSa hai| usakI jyoM-jyoM sevA kI jAtI hai tyoM-tyoM usameM aneka phala Ate hue dikhAI dete haiM / unakA aMta hI nahIM hotA / jyoM-jyoM hama gahare paiThate haiM, tyoM-tyoM unameM se ratna nikalate haiM sevA ke avasara hAtha Ate rahate haiM / " bacapana meM par3A satyabIja gAMdhI ke jIvana meM zatazAkhI banakara jIvana kA dhyeya bnaa| apanI AtmakathA meM likhA- maiM pujArI to satyarUpI paramezvara kA hI huuN| vaha eka hI satya hai, aura dUsarA saba mithyA hai| yaha satya mujhe milA nahIM hai, lekina maiM isakA zodhaka huuN| isa zodha ke lie maiM apanI priya se priya vastu kA tyAga karane ko taiyAra hU~ aura mujhe yaha vizvAsa hai ki isa zodharUpI yajJa meM isa zarIra ko homane kI merI taiyArI hai aura zakti hai / lekina jaba taka maiM isa satya kA sAkSAtkAra na kara lU~, taba taka merI antarAtmA jise satya samajhatI hai usa kAlpanika satya ko apanA AdhAra mAnakara, apanA dIpastambha samajhakara, usake sahAre apanA jIvana vyatIta karatA huuN|" jAhira hai gAMdhI ke bhItara satya ke saMskAra kitane gahare aura virAT the / sahiSNu kastUrabA dAMpatya jIvana meM apanI arddhAMginI se milI ahiMsA kI preraNA kA jikra karate hue gAMdhI ne jaoNna esa. hoIlaiMDa ko batAyA-patnI ko apanI icchA ke Age jhukAne kI koziza meM maiMne unase ahiMsA kA pahalA sabaka siikhaa| eka ora to vaha mere viveka hIna AdezoM kA dRr3hatA se virodha karatIM, dUsarI ora mere avicAra se jo takalIpha hotI use cupacApa saha letI thiiN| unake isa AcaraNa se mujhe apaneApa para zarma Ane lagI aura maiM isa mUrkhatAbhare vicAra se apanA pIchA chur3A sakA ki pati hone ke nAte maiM una para zAsana karane ke lie janmA hU~ / isa taraha vaha ahiMsA kI zikSA dene vAlI merI 132 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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guru bniiN|' kastUrabA ke prati gAMdhI ke hRdaya meM U~cA sthAna thaa| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki ve apanI patnI ko ahiMsA kA sabaka sikhAne vAlI prerikA bhI mAnate the| bhAratIya saMskRti bhAratIya saMskRti ke ucca AdarzoM meM gAMdhI ko palane kA saubhAgya milaa| isa mahAn saMskRti ke badaulata hI unameM daivika guNoM kA saMcAra huaa| ye guNa hI pramukha rUpa meM AsthA evaM jIvana kI saphalatA ke paryAya bneN| sajIdagI, sahAnubhUti, prema, karuNA, maitrI, abhaya, sat saMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa hiMdU saMskRti ke aMga haiN| 'prANI mAtra eka hai, sabhI jIva Izvara ke avataMsa hai'-hiMdU dharma ke isa pracalita vizvAsa ne ahiMsA meM unakI AsthA ko dRr3ha kiyaa| hiMdU dharma kA mUla tattva hai : satya-svarUpa Izvara kI paramasattA meM aDiga aasthaa| jIva-mAtra ke sAtha ekatva kA bodha aura Izvara sAkSAtkAra ke lie prema arthAt ahiMsA ke mArga kA avlNbn| sanAtana hindU dharma punarjanma aura mokSa ke siddhAMtoM ko svIkAra karatA hai aura mokSa ko aMtima tathA zreSTha puruSArtha samajhatA hai| isa dharma ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhI ne kahA thA hiMdU dharma, jisa rUpa meM maiM use samajha sakA hUM, merI AsthA ko saMtuSTa aura paripUrNa karane vAlA hai| kyoMki hiMdU dharma kI yahI to khUbI hai ki 'isameM saMsAra ke sabhI paigaMbaroM kI pUjA ke lie sthAna hai|....yh apane-apane vizvAsa yA majahaba ke anusAra Izvara kI pUjA kA sabako adhikAra detA hai; isIlie usakA kisI bhI dharma se koI virodha nahIM hai| isa prakAra kI virAT bhAvanA se anusyUta hiMdU dharma gAMdhI kI eka mAtra AsthA kA keMdra thaa| unake zabdoM meM-maiMne bacapana se hiMdU dharma kA abhyAsa kiyA hai| jaba maiM choTA thA to bhUta-pretoM ke Dara se bacane ke lie merI dAI mujhe rAmanAma lene ko kahatI thii| bAda meM IsAIyoM, musalamAnoM aura dUsare dharma ko mAnane vAle logoM ke saMparka meM AyA aura anya dharmoM kA paryApta adhyayana karane ke bAda bhI maiM hiMdU dharma ko apanAye rhaa| merA vizvAsa hai ki paramAtmA mujhe usa dharma kI rakSA karane kA sAdhana banAyegA, jise maiM prema karatA hU~, jisakA pAlana karatA hU~ aura jisakA maiMne abhyAsa kiyA hai| 5 AsthAnurUpa unhoMne isa dharma kA sthiratA se pAlana kiyA aura samaya-samaya para prakaTa kiyA ki merA jIvana ahiMsA-dharma dvArA bhArata kI sevA ke lie samarpita hai, jise maiM hindU dharma kI buniyAda mAnatA huuN| / svayaM ko hiMdU kyoM mAnate isakA spaSTIkaraNa thA-maiMne kaI daphA apane ko 'sanAtanI hindU' kahA hai| 'sanAtana zabda kA prayoga maiMne usake svAbhAvika artha meM kiyA hai| maiM nIce likhe kAraNoM se apane ko 'sanAtanI hindU' kahatA hU~. maiM vedoM ko, upaniSadoM ko, purANoM ko aura una saba vastuoM ko mAnatA hU~, jo hindU zAstra ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| isalie maiM avatAroM aura punarjanma ko bhI mAnatA huuN| . maiM varNAzrama-dharma ko mAnatA hU~, parantu apanI samajha ke anusAra ThIka vaidika artha meM, Ajakala ke pracalita aura apUrNa artha meM nhiiN| . maiM gaurakSA ko mAnatA hU~ parantu vartamAna pracalita artha se bahuta vyApaka artha meM-(gaurakSA kA artha hai-Izvara kI saMpUrNa mUka sRSTi kI rkssaa|) . maiM mUrti-pUjA meM avizvAsa nahIM krtaa|" saMskAroM kI mUla ikAI / 133

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apanI AtmakathA meM isa AsthA ko prastuti dI ki hiMdU dharma meM jo sUkSma aura gUr3ha vicAra hai, AtmA kA nirIkSaNa hai, dayA hai vaha dUsare dharmoM meM nahIM hai| dakSiNa aphrIkA pravAsa ke prathama varSa meM gAMdhI ke hindU dharma AsthA kI kasauTI huii| kvekara (IsAiyoM kA eka saMpradAya) logoM ne gAMdhI ko IsAI banAne kI koziza kI, lekina dharma parivartana ke mAmale meM unhoMne bilakula spaSTa kaha diyA-aMtara se AvAja uThe binA hiMdU dharma kA parityAga evaM IsAI-dharma ko aMgIkAra maiM nahIM kara sktaa| unhoMne hiMdU dharma ke sAtha-sAtha dUsare sabhI dharmoM kA adhyayana-manana kiyA aura aMta meM isa nirNaya taka pahaMce ki 'dharma sabhI acche haiM: lekina sAtha hI aparNa bhI hai. kyoMki unakI vyAkhyA yA to ThIka se nahIM kI gaI yA vemana se kI gaI aura aksara galata bhI kI gii|' svayaM ko kaTra hiMdU mAnate hue bhI gAMdhI ne isa dharma meM vyApta jAti-vyavasthA, chuAchUta ko mAnava jAti kA abhizApa btlaayaa| spaSTa kahA-bhagavAn ne insAna ko kisI U~ca nIca vyavasthA ke sAtha paidA nahIM kiyA hai| __ gAMdhI kI ahiMsA kA artha hai tamAma jIvoM ke lie pUrA prem| ataH ahiMsA kI dRSTi se bhI chuAchUta-aspRzyatA kA koI aucitya nahIM raha jaataa| 'achUtapana hindU dharma kA aMga nahIM hai, vaha hindU dharma meM paiThI huI eka sar3ana hai, vahama hai, pApa hai; aura use miTAnA hara eka hiMdU kA dharma hai, usakA parama kartavya hai|" unakI dRSTi meM aspRzyatA ke sarpa ko mAre binA hama kucha nahIM kara skte| aspRzyatA vaha viSa hai, jo hiMdU-samAja ke marma ko khokhalA kara rahA hai| svarAjya kI prApti meM bhI achUtoM kI mukti ko anivArya btlaayaa| unakA spaSTa kathana thA, yadi 'bhArata kI AbAdI ke pAMcaveM hisse ko sthAyI gulAmI kI hAlata meM rakhate huye svarAjya mila bhI mila gayA, to svarAjya eka zabda mAtra hogaa|' ye zabda gAMdhI ke bhItara aspRzyatA nivAraNa kI tar3apha ko jAhira karate haiN| mAnavIya saMvedanazIlatA ke AdhAra para unhoMne isa prathA kA virodha kiyA, kyoMki isa amAnavIya tattva ke kAraNa hindU samAja kI apAra hAni huI hai| 134 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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sAMskRtika mUlya hiMdU dharma AsthA pradhAna dharma hai| isake anuyAyI kisI-na-kisI iSTa ke prati samarpita hote haiN| yaha samapaMNa hI unakI sAdhanA evaM saphalatA kA rAja hotA hai| IzvarIya-AsthA hindU dharma meM palane ke kAraNa gAMdhI kI AsthA kA kendra-biMdu Izvara thaa| apane iSTa ke prati unake dila meM gaharI niSThA thii| isI se unameM titikSA kA adbhuta vikAsa huaa| apanI AsthA ke sahAre unhoMne zArIrika kaSTa, sAmAjika tiraskAra evaM rAjanaitika vidroha saba kucha sahaja bhAva se sahana kiyaa| unakI dRSTi meM Izvara svayaM meM paripUrNa tathA nirdvandva adhyAtmika sattA hai| Izvara ke viSaya meM unakA mAnanA thA 'Izvara to guNa-doSa se pare hai, usakA varNana nahIM ho sakatA, vaha to aucitya hai, aprameya hai| aise Izvara ke bAre meM jItI jAgatI zraddhA hone kA artha hai manuSyamAtra ko apanA baMdhu maannaa| isakA artha yaha bhI hai ki saba dharma-majahaboM ke viSaya meM eka-sA Adara bhAva rkhnaa|' vAstava meM gAMdhI kA mAnava-prema, sarvadharma-samabhAva isI se saMcAlita thaa| unakA yaha dAvA thA ki Izvara kisI tijorI meM baMda nahIM hai ki usake pAsa kevala eka choTe se cheda ke jarie hI pahu~cA jA ske| yadi hRdaya pavitra aura mana ahaMkAra se zUnya hai to usake pAsa pahu~cane ke araboM rAste khule hue haiN| ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM Izvara kI ananya bhUmikA kA jikra kiyA-ahiMsA kI tAlIma meM pahalI jarUrI cIja to Izvara ke bAre meM jItI jAgatI zraddhA hai| jisameM Izvara viSayaka pakkI zraddhA hogI vaha jabAna se Izvara kA nAma lete hue kabhI burA nahIM kregaa| vaha to talavAra nahIM, balki eka Izvara para apanA AdhAra rkhegaa|....kaayrtaa Izvara viSayaka AstikatA kA cihna nhiiN| Izvara para jo saccI AsthA rakhatA hai usameM talavAra ko kAma meM lAne kI tAkata hotI hai, para vaha use kAma meM lAtA nahIM. kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki hara eka AdamI Izvara kI hI pratimA hai| ___....ahiMsA kI tAlIma ke lie jo dUsarI jarUrI cIja hai usa para AtA huuN| islAma kA 'allAha' IsAIyoM kA 'gaoNDa' aura hinduoM kA 'Izvara' asala meM eka hI hai| tIsarI jarUrI cIja hai satya aura pavitratA ko svIkAra karanA, kyoMki yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki manuSya Izvara ke viSaya meM to pravala AsthA rakhane kA dAvA kare aura vaha pavitra aura satyaniSTha na ho| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki ahiMsA kI tAlIma meM bhI unhoMne IzvarIya AsthA ko mahattvapUrNa maanaa| unakA yaha mAnanA thA ki agara hama ahiMsA aura satya ke sacce bhakta haiM; to Izvara hameM kaThina sAMskRtika mUlya | 135

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se-kaThina samasyAoM ko hala karane kI Avazyaka zakti de degaa| ekadA jijJAsu kA prazna thA-jahAja se neTAla kI dharatI para yadi bhAratIyoM ko na utarane diyA jAyegA to Apa kyA kareMge? uttara thA-'mujhe AzA hai ki unheM mApha kara dene aura una para mukadamA na calAne kI himmata aura buddhi Izvara mujhe degaa| mujhe una para jarA bhI gussA nahIM hai| unakI nAsamajhI aura taMgadilI para aphasosa hI hai|' IzvarIya AsthA gAMdhI kI pratyeka samasyA kA sakArAtmaka hala thii| ve apanI zakti kA srota sadaiva Izvara ko mAnate the| svayaM ke bAre meM unakA abhimata thA jo Izvara mujhe detA hai isake alAvA mere pAsa koI tAkata nahIM hai| sirpha naitika prabhAva ke alAvA merI dezavAsiyoM para bhI koI sattA nahIM isa samaya saMsAra para jisa bhISaNa hiMsA kA sAmrAjya hai usakI jagaha ahiMsA sthApita karane ke lie Izvara mujhe zuddha astra samajhatA hogA to vaha mujhe bala bhI degA aura rAstA bhI dikhaayegaa| merA bar3e se bar3A hathiyAra to mUla prArthanA hai| gAMdhI dRSTi meM zAMti sthApanA kA kAma Izvara ke samartha hAthoM meM hai| usake hukma ke binA pattA bhI nahIM hila sktaa| usakA hukma usake kAnUna kI zakala meM hI jArI hotA hai| vaha kAnUna sadA vaisA hI rahatA hai kabhI badalatA nhiiN| usameM aura usake kAnUna meM koI bheda bhI nahIM hai| hameM use aura usake kAnUna kI jo halkI sI jhalaka dikhAyI detI hai vaha mere antara ko Ananda, AzA aura bhaviSya meM zraddhA se bhara dene ke lie kAphI hai|'' unakA zraddhAlu citta AjAdI kI rAhoM para Ane vAlI bAdhAoM kA pAra bhI IzvarIya zakti meM khojatA evaM samAdhAna bhI paataa| yaha soca thI ki Izvara kI kRpA se maiM koI AdhI sadI se jo kAma kara rahA hU~ agara usake lie merI aura jarUrata na rahI, to zAyada vaha mujhe uThA legaa| lekina merA khyAla hai ki mere karane ko abhI bahuta kAma hai| ...ahiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM se bhArata apane lakSya ko pahu~ca jAyegA phira usake lie cAhe DAMDI-kUca se bhI jyAdA ugra lar3AI lar3anI par3e yA usake bagaira hI aisA ho jaaye| maiM Izvara se usa prakAza kI yAcanA kara rahA hU~ jo aMdhakAra kA nAza kara degaa| Izvara saMbaMdhI gAMdhI ke vicAroM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki unakI zraddhA iSTa ke prati ghanIbhUta thii| hindU saMskRti kA prabhAva unake hRdaya meM na kevala aMkita hI thA apitu pallavita evaM puSpita thaa| ataH jo zakti, jo preraNA unhoMne IzvarIya AsthA se pAI anyatra durlabha milegii| AsthA karma kA AdhAra banIM yahI gAMdhI kI zraddhA kA phalita hai| manuSya kA Izvara ke prati kartavya kA sthAna sabase U~cA hai| isa zraddhA ke sahAre ve kArya siddhi kI kAmanA krte| udAharaNa svarUpa 'Izvara hamAre bhItara aura bAhara kI sArI apavitratA dUra kre| Izvara kare, bhArata ko aisI zakti prApta ho ki vaha agale 30 sitambara taka videzI vastroM ke pUrNa bahiSkAra ko saphala banA sake ora isa prakAra apane pavitra nizcaya ko pUrA kara ske|'20 jAhira hai eka ora bApU saphalatA kA suyoga Izvara meM khojate to dUsarI ora samaya-samaya para IzvarIya kRpA kI anubhUti krte| phIniksa, TaoNlasTaoNya phArma aura sAbaramatI-Azrama tInoM jagahoM meM hiMsaka jIvoM ko na mArane ke niyama kA yathAzakti pAlana kiyA gyaa| tInoM jagahoM meM nirjana jamIneM basAnI par3I thiiN| tInoM sthAnoM meM sarpAdi kA upadrava kAphI thaa| tisa para bhI Aja taka eka bhI jAna khonI nahIM pdd'ii| isameM mere samAna zraddhAlu ko to Izvara ke hAtha kA, usakI kRpA kA hI darzana hotA hai|.. ..sarpAdi ko na mArane para bhI Azrama-samAja ke paccIsa varSa taka bace rahane ko saMyoga mAnane ke badale 136/ a~dhere meM ujAlA

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Izvara kI kRpA mAnanA yadi vahama ho, to vaha vahama bhI banAye rakhane jaisA hai| sArI mAnava jAti para apanI kRpA sadA banAye rakhane kI prArthanA Izvara se krte| IzvarIya kalpanA vikAsAtmaka thii| usakA eka pahalU vratamaya Izvara bhI hai| gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM Izvara khuda nizcaya kI, vrata kI saMpUrNa mUrti hai| usake kAyade meM se eka aNu, eka jarA bhI haTe to vaha Izvara na raha jaay| sUraja bar3A vratadhArI hai, isalie jagat kA kAla taiyAra hotA hai aura zuddha paMcAMga (jaMtrI) banAye jA sakate haiN| sUrya ne aisI sAkha jamAI hai ki vaha hamezA ugA hai aura hamezA ugatA rahegA aura isIlie hama apane ko salAmata mAnate haiN| tamAma vyApAra kA AdhAra eka Teka para rahatA hai| vyApArI eka-dUsare se baMdhe hue na raheM to vyApAra cale hI nhiiN| yoM vrata sarvavyApaka saba jagaha phailI huI cIja dikhAI detA hai| taba phira jahA~ apanA jIvana gar3hane kA savAla ho, Izvara ke darzana karane kA prazna ho, vahA~ vrata ke bagaira kaise cala sakatA hai| isalie vrata kI jarUrata ke bAre meM hamAre dila meM kabhI zaka paidA hI nahIM honA caahiye| prakaTa rUpa se Izvara ke sAkSAtkAra hetu unhoMne vrata ke mahattva ko sviikaaraa| agara Izvara meM bharosA rakhate haiM aura usase Darate haiM to phira hameM kisI se Darane kI jarUrata nahIM-na rAja-mahArAjAoM se na vAyasarAyoM se, aura na bAdazAha paMcama jaoNrja se hii| spaSTatayA gAMdhI kI AsthA kA sarvocca keMdra biMdu Izvara bnaa| mArgadarzikA gItA hiMdU dharma (vaiSNava paMtha) ke saMskAra gAMdhI ko pArivArika-pariveza meM mileM, para unakA sthAyitva samajhapUrvaka huaa| isakA zreya zrImadbhagavat gItA ko jAtA hai| gItA hindU dharma kA AdarAspada graMtha hai| isakI zAzvata preraNA gAMdhI-jIvana kI pathadarzikA thii| unhIM ke zabdoM meM-mere lie to gItA AcAraNa kI eka acUka mArgadarzikA bana gayI hai| use merA dhArmika koSa hI kahanA caahie| aparicita aMgrejI zabdoM ke hijje yA artha dekhane ke lie jisa taraha maiM aMgrejI koza kholatA, usI taraha AcAra-saMbaMdhI kaThinAiyoM aura usakI aTapaTI gutthiyoM ko gItA ke dvArA suljhaataa| yaha thA gAMdhI kA gItA ke prati AdarAspada bhaav|| 20 varSa kI umra meM, 1889 ko gItA se gAMdhI kA prathama paricaya huaa| vilAyata meM rahate lagabhaga eka varSa huaa| isa bIca do thiyaoNsaoNphisTa mitroM se pahacAna huii| donoM sage bhAI the aura avivAhita the| unhoMne gAMdhI se gItA kI carcA kii| unake sAtha gItA adhyayana prAraMbha huaa| gItA viSayaka usa samaya kI apanI soca kA citraNa karate hue likhA 'majhe lagA yaha koI aitihAsika graMtha nahIM haiM, paraMntu bhautika yuddha ke bahAne isameM usa dvandva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo mAnava-jAti ke hRdaya meM satata hotA rahatA hai aura bhautika yuddha kevala isIlie khar3A kiyA gayA hai ki bhItarI dvandva kA varNana adhika AkarSaka ho jaay|23 isa tArkika soca se Upara uThakara gItA ke rahasya ko pAne kI koziza huii| aura dUsare hI adhyAya meM bhautika yuddha ke niyama sikhAne ke bajAya sthitaprajJa ke lakSaNa dekhakara unake hRdaya meM nayA UhApoha khar3A huaa| aura bahuta jaldI hI vicAroM kA pravAha bhaktizraddhA ke anurUpa gItA ko samajhane ke lie kSamatAvAn bana gyaa| gahana gutthiyA~ sulajhane lgii| bhakti ke binA jJAna vyartha hai| isalie gItA kahatI hai, bhakti hogI to jJAna apane Apa A jaaegaa| yaha bhakti zAbdika pUjAmAtra nahIM hai, yaha to 'sirakA saudA' hai| isIlie gItAkAra ne bhakta ke lakSaNa sthitaprajJa jaise hI batalAye haiN| sAMskRtika mUlya / 137

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'dhyAyate viSayAnpusaHsaMgasteSUpajAyate / saMgAtsaMjAyate kAmaH kAmAtkrodho'bhijAyate / krodhAd bhavati sammohaH sammohAtsmRti vibhramaH / smRtibhraMzAd buddhinAzo buddhinAzAtpraNazyati // ' isa zloka kA mere mana para gaharA asara pdd'aa| unakI bhanaka mere kAna meM gU~jatI hI rahI / usa samaya mujhe lagA ki bhagavadgItA amUlya graMtha hai| yaha mAnyatA dhIre-dhIre bar3hatI gayI aura Aja tattvajJAna ke lie maiM use sarvottama grantha mAnatA hU~ / nirAzA ke samaya meM isa graMtha ne merI amUlya sahAyatA kI hai / " prakaTa rUpa se bahumUlya saMskAra aMrjita kiye| unhoMne yaha svIkArA ki gItA adhyayana se pahale ahiMsA dharma ko bahuta thor3A jAnate, jIva dayA kI sphuraNA nahIM thI / isake pahale maiM deza meM mAMsAhAra kara cukA thaa| maiM mAnatA thA ki sarpAdika kA nAza karanA dharma hai| mujhe yAda hai eka bicchU ko bhI maiMne mArA thaa| usa samaya unakA mAnanA thA ki hameM aMgrejoM ke sAtha lar3ane kI taiyArI karanA hai / dakSiNa aphrIkA meM gItA kA abhyAsa svayaM dvArA sthApita 'jijJAsu maNDala' ke sAtha zurU kiyaa| isI maMDala meM svAmI vivekAnanda ko, rAjayoga ko, pAtaMjala yogadarzana kA paThana-pAThana bhI claa| isa samaya gItA ko gaharAI se manana karane kA avasara milA / kevala manana hI nahIM kiyA, gItA ke teraha adhyAya taka kaNThastha kiye| aisA ullekha AtmakathA meM kiyA hai| johAnsabarga meM koma kI sevA ke saMkalpa ke sAtha hI gItA ko naye sire se par3hane para antardRSTi bar3hane lagI / isa tathya ko bakhUbI prastuti dI--usake aparigraha; 'samabhAva' ityAdi zabdoM ne to mujhe jaise pakar3a hI liyaa| yahI naha thI ki samabhAva kaise prApta karUM / kaise usakA pAlana karU~? hamArA apamAna karane vAlA adhikArI, rizvatakhora, calate rAste virodha karane vAle, kala jinakA sAtha thA, aise sAthI, unameM aura una sajjanoM meM jinhoMne hama para bhArI upakAra kiyA hai, kyA koI bheda nahIM hai? aparigraha kA pAlana kisa taraha saMbhava hai? kyA yaha hamArI deha hI hamAre lie kama parigraha hai ? strI puruSa Adi yadi parigraha nahIM hai to phira kyA hai ? gAMdhI ke bhItara vicAroM kA nayA daura zurU ho gayA / ve gItA ke pratyeka nirdeza para AcaraNa karane kI pUrI-pUrI koziza karane lage / gAMdhI ne apane lie gItA kI bhUmikA kA ullekha kiyA- ' gItA mere lie duniyA ke anyAnya dharmagraMthoM kI cAbI jaisI bana gayI hai / vaha mere lie una graMthoM meM pAye jAne vAle gahanatama rahasyoM ko khola detI hai|' isase yaha aMdAjA kiyA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne gItA ko kitanI sUkSmatA se par3hA hogaa| vibhinna jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna usameM khojA thaa| bar3A jaTila prazna hai manuSya karma ke bandhana se arthAt pApa ke doSa se mukta kaise ho sakatA hai ? gItA ne isa prazna kA uttara nizcita bhASA meM diyA hai : 'niSkAma karma se' karmaphala kA tyAga karake / saba karmoM ko IzvarArpaNa karane se arthAt apane Apako zarIra aura AtmA ke sAtha Izvara ko arpaNa kara dene se| yaha gAMdhI ke lie kevala zabdapATha hI na rahA apitu vodha pATha bana gyaa| isI niSkAma karma ke AdhAra para unhoMne zArIrika zrama ko bhI mahattva diyA / eka vyakti kA prazna thA - 'bApU kyA Apa zrama kI mahattA para anAvazyaka jora nahIM de rahe haiM ?" vApU kA uttara thA - 'bilkula nhiiN| kAma ko jitanA mahattva diyA jAe, kama hai| maiM to kevala bhagavadgItA kI hI zikSA de rahA hU~ / bhagavAn ne kahA, 'agara maiM eka pala bhI binA soe, sadA kAma 138 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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meM na lagA rahU~ to saMsAra na cle| isalie maiM DAkTaroM, vakIloM Adi saphedapozoM se bhI kahatA hU~ ki Apa carkhA claaeN|' isase dezavAsiyoM ko udAharaNa milegaa|26 gAMdhI kA yaha AhvAna suna aneka prabuddha jana karma ko apanA dharma mAnane lge| svayaM ne bhI kaThora parizrama apanAyA jisakI misAla hai eka dina meM 20 ghaMTe taka kucha na kucha karma krnaa| 'TrasTI' zabda kA artha gItA adhyayana kI badaulata acchI taraha samajha meM AyA, aisA gAMdhI kA kahanA thaa| 'TrasTI' yoM to karor3oM kI sampatti rakhate haiM, para usakI eka pAI para unakA adhikAra nahIM hotaa| isI taraha mumukSu ko apanA AcaraNa rakhanA cAhie-yaha pATha maiMne gItA se siikhaa| aparigrahI hone ke lie, samabhAva rakhane ke lie, hetu kA aura hRdaya kA parivartana Avazyaka hai| yaha bAta mujhe dIpaka kI taraha spaSTa dikhAI dene lgii| kevala saiddhAMtika pakSa hI unakI preraNA kA kendra nahIM banA apitu unhoMne prAyogika stara para bhI ise apnaayaa| unhoMne likhA-maiMne bambaI meM eka bImA ejeMTa ke samajhAne meM Akara apanA dasa hajAra kA bImA karA liyA thaa| jaba ye vicAra mere manameM uThe, to turaMta revAzaMkara bhAI ko bambaI likhA ki bImA kI paoNlisI radda kara dI jaay| kucha rupayA vApisa mila jAya to ThIka, nahIM to kher| bAla-baccoM aura gRhiNI kI rakSA vaha Izvara karegA, jisane unako aura hamako paidA kiyA hai| yaha mere usa patra kA Azaya thaa| tatvataH gAMdhI kI gItA samajha racanAtmaka bniiN| gItA kI bhUmikA unake lie bejor3a thii| isakI jhalaka 'mArgadarzikA', 'AcaraNa-saMhitA', 'dharmakoza', 'Atmika preraNA kA srota', aura 'saMkaTa meM saccA mitra aura sahAyaka' ityAdi abhidhAoM meM milatI hai| ve kahate-'jaba mujhe prakAza kI eka kiraNa bhI kahIM dikhAI nahIM detI, maiM use bhagavadgItA meM khojatA hU~ aura usake kisI zloka meM nihita AzA kA saMdeza mere bhArI-se-bhArI duHkha ko cuTakiyA~ bajAte dUra kara detA hai| anaMta duHkha, kaSTa aura ApadAoM se bhare apane isa jIvana meM jo sthira aura avicalita raha sakA hU~ usakA sArA zreya bhagavadgItA ko hI hai|' jIvana ko bhakti aura AMnada pUrvaka jIne kI kalA unheM isa mahAgraMtha se milii| jIvana ke prati sahaja nispRha bhAva kA udaya bhI zAyada isakI preraNA se saMbhava banA thaa| unakI mRtyu kI ghaTanA isakA prabala pramANa hai| mRtyu kA pahalA saMketa 20 janavarI kI zAma ko bir3alA bhavana meM apanI prArthanA sabhA ko saMbodhita karate samaya taba milA jaba una para pheMkA gayA bama kucha dUrI para girA-visphoTa huA para pUrvaka bhASaNa dete rhe| dUsare dina nirudvega rahane para badhAIyAM dI gyii| taba unhoMne kahA- 'saccI badhAI ke yogya to maiM taba hU~gA jaba visphoTa kA zikAra hokara bhI muskarAtA rahU~ aura hamalA karane vAle ke prati mere mana meM jarA bhI vidveSa na ho|' sahaja bhAva se bama pheMkane vAle madanalAla ko 'gumarAha' kaha kara kSamA kara diyaa| prArthanA sabhA meM Ane vAloM kI talAzI lI jAye yaha bApU nahIM cAhate the| unhoMne spaSTa kahA-'agara maranA hI badA hai to mujhe prArthanA sabhA meM hI marane do| aura yaha khyAla bilakula galata hai ki Apa merI rakSA kara sakate haiN| unakA yaha kathana saca nikalA aura vaha / prArthanA sthala kA mArga gAMdhI kI aMtima sA~soM kA sAkSI bnaa| 'he rAma...he rAma..he raam|' kahate hue gItA kA amara pujArI, AjAdI kA prapTA niSprANa ho gyaa| - virAT bhAva se gAMdhI ne gItA ko par3hA, jIvana meM gar3hA aura aMtima sA~soM taka kasauTI para kasA aisA kaheM to atizyokti na hogii| sAMskRtika mUlya / 139

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rAmAyaNa zrImadbhAgavatgItA ke anantara yadi koI gAMdhI ke lie preraNA srota hiMdU graMtha banA to vaha rAmAyaNa hai| unhoMne rAmAyaNa se maryAdA evaM sadAcArapUrNa jIvana tathA rAmarAjya ke Adarza kI preraNA prApta kii| tulasIdAsa kI rAmAyaNa unake lie zAzvata preraNA kA srota thI aura unakI prArthanAoM meM use bhagavadgItAjaisA hI sthAna prApta thaa| eka maMtra unakI jubAna para rahatA thA, ataH unakA maMtra kahA jAtA hai 'jar3a cetana guNa doSa maya, vizva kInha karatAra / saMta haMsa guna gahahiM paya, parihari vAri vikaar||29 aise hI rAmAyaNa ke aneka dohe gAMdhI ke lie Adarza the| unhoMne apanI AtmakathA meM likhA-'tulasIdAsa kI rAmAyaNa ko maiM bhaktimArga kA sarvottama graMtha mAnatA huuN|' rAmAyaNa ke nAyaka zrI rAma gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM vyakti nahIM alaukika divya zakti ke pratIka the| unhoMne maryAdA puruSottama zrI rAma ko sadaiva Adarza ke rUpa meM dekhaa| zrI rAma unake lie zraddhA ke pratIka the| usakA sAkSI hai 'rAma' nAma kA jp| 'bApU ke pAsa eka mAlA hamezA rahatI thii| sone ke pUrva leTe-leTe 'rAma' nAma ke sAtha usako bhI phera lete the| japa aura bhakti paramparAvaza yA Adatana rAma kI hI kiyA karate the| isa prakAra 'rAma' aura rAmAyaNa gAMdhI kI bhakti kA AdhAra evaM preraNA pradIpa bneN| prArthanA zraddhA aura bhakti kI abhivyakti kA amogha sAdhana hai praarthnaa| iSTa ke guNoM kA smaraNa-saMkIrtana divya jIvana kI preraNA kA AdhAra hai| isase prArthI ke bhItara yatheSTa zakti kA saMcAra hotA hai| gAMdhI prArthanA ko bahuta mahattva dete the, isakA saMvAdI kathana hai-'prArthanA mere jIvana kA dhruvatArA hai| eka bAra maiM bhojana karanA chor3a sakatA hU~, kiMtu prArthanA nhiiN| AtmA ko paramAtmA meM lIna karane kA eka mAtra sAdhana prArthanA hai|' spaSTatayA unakI AtmA, paramAtmA aura bhakti meM aTUTa AsthA thii| ve kucha padoM kA pratidina pATha karate the usake pramukha aMza nimna haiM 'hari om IzAvAsyamidaM sarvaM yatkiJcajagatyAM jgt| tena tyaktena bhuJjIthA mA gRdhaH kasya sviddhnm||' arthAt saba Izvara rUpa hai| usakA hai| isalie terA kucha nahIM hai| aura hai bhii| lekina isa jhaMjhaTa meM bhI tU kyoM phaMsatA hai? saba chor3a to saba terA hI hai| agara kucha bhI terA mAnegA, to tere hAtha meM kucha bhI nahIM rhegaa| kisI ke dhana kI vAsanA na kr| kurvatreveha karmANi jijIviSet zataM smaaH| paropakAra ke kAma karate-karate hI sau varSa jIne kI icchA karanI caahie| yastu sarvANi bhUtAni aatmnyevaanupshyti| sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijigupste|| 140 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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... jo saba jIvoM ko apane meM aura apane ko saba jIvoM meM dekhatA hai, vaha unase trAsa nahIM paataa| na tvahaM kAmaye rAjyaM na svargaM nApunarbhavam / kAmaye duHkhataptAnAM praanninaamaartinaashnm|| na to meM rAjya kI icchA karatA hU~, na svarga kii| mokSa kI bhI mujhe icchA nahIM hai| duHkhI jIvoM kA duHkha dUra ho, itanI hI merI icchA hai| vipado naiva vipadaH saMpado naiva saMpadaH / vipadvismaraNaM viSNoH sNpnnaaraaynnsmRti|| jise hama duHkha samajhate haiM vaha duHkha nahIM hai aura jise hama sukha samajhate haiM vaha sukha nahIM hai| duHkha to yaha hai ki hama bhagavAn ko bhUla jAyeM aura sukha yaha hai ki hama bhagavAn ko sAkSI samajha kara sabhI kAma kreN| isa taraha ke aneka Adarza padya gAMdhI kI prArthanA ke bola banate the| bhajana bhI prArthanA ke rUpa meM gAye jAte unameM gAMdhI ko priya the 1. raghapati rAghava rAjArAma...........Izvara allAha tere nAma, 2. vaiSNava jana to tene kahiye jo pIra parAI jANe re| ityAdi preraNA ke taura para prArthanA meM gAye jAne vAle bola unakI antara jagat kI abhivyakti ke srota haiN| unhoMne AsthA evaM vizvAsa ke sAtha kahA 'stuti, upAsanA, prArthanA vahama nahIM hai, balki hamArA khAnA-pInA, calanA-baiThanA jitanA saca hai, usase bhI adhika saca yaha hai| yaha kahane meM atizyokti nahIM ki yahI saca hai, aura saba jhUTha hai| aisI upAsanA, aisI prArthanA, nirA-vANIvilAsa nahIM hotii| usakA mUla kaNTha nahIM, hRdaya hai| ataeva yadi hama hRdaya kI nirmalatA ko pA leM, usake tAroM ko susaMgaThita rakheM to unameM se jo sura nikalate haiM, ve gagana-gAmI hote haiN| unakI dRSTi meM vikArarUpI maloM kI zuddhi ke lie hArdika upAsanA eka rAmabANa auSadhi hai| para isa prasAda ke lie akhaMDa namratA bhI jarUrI hai| prArthanA gAMdhI kI dinacaryA kA aparihArya aMga bniiN| Azrama meM ThIka prAtaH 4.20 ke samaya prArthanA zabda se prArthanA zurU hotii| subaha kI prArthanA kA krama thA : 'jApAnI bauddha maMtra, do minaTa kI zAMti, IzAvAsya maMtra, prAtaH smarAmi vAle Azrama bhajanAvalI ke zloka, ekAdaza vrata, kurAna zarIpha kI Ayata, pArasI prArthanA, bhajana, dhuna, gItA yA gItAI pArAyaNa jisase kI pUrI gItA eka saptAha meM samApta ho sake, prasaMgAnusAra bAibila ke aMza yA aMgrejI bhajana bhI kabhI-kabhI sammilita kara lete the| prArthanA karIba pAMca baje taka pUrI ho jaatii|'32 nizcita rUpa se prArthanA gAMdhI ke AtmA kI khurAka thI, jisake sahAre ve sadaiva sahRdya-sahaja nizchala najara aate| sAMskRtika mUlya / 141

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AdhyAtmika-naitika bodha pATha yaha saMsAra nIti para TikA huA hai| nIti mAtra kA samAveza satya meM hai| satya ke khoja kI tamannA tIvra ho gyii| nIti kA eka chappaya gAMdhI ke dila meM basa gyaa| zatru ko bhI prema se jItanA caahie| apakAra kA badalA apakAra nahIM upakAra hI ho sakatA hai| yaha eka jIvana kA sUtra bana gyaa| apanI AtmakathA meM likhA-usane mujha para sAmrAjya calAnA zurU kara diyaa| apakArI kA bhalA cAhanA aura karanA, isakA maiM anurAgI bana gyaa| bacapana meM ise gungunaataa| isake anaginata prayoga kiyeN| vaha camatkArI chappaya yaha hai 'pANI Apane pAya, bhalu bhojana to dIje; AvI namAye zIza, daMDavata koDe kiije| ApaNa ghAse dAma, kAma mahoronuM kIrIe; Apa ugAre prANa, te taNA duHkhamAM mriie| guNa keDe to guNa dazaguNo, mana, vAcA, karmekarI; avaguNa keDe jo guNa kare, to jagamAM jItyo shii|' arthAt jo hameM pAnI pilAye, use hama acchA bhojana kraayeN| jo Akara hamAre sAmane sira namAye, use hama daMDavata praNAma kreN| jo hamAre lie eka paisA kharca kare, usakA hama muharoM kI kImata kA kAma kreN| jo hamAre prANa bacAye, usakA duHkha dUra karane ke lie hama apane prANa taka nichAvara kara deN| jo hamArA upakAra kare usako to hameM mana, vacana aura karma se dasa gunA upakAra karanA hI caahie| lekina jaga meM saccA aura sArthaka jInA usIkA hai, jo apakAra karane vAle ke prati bhI upakAra karatA hai| jIvana ko prabhAvita karane vAloM meM eka kar3I chappaya kI hai| isake AdezoM ko unhoMne jIvana meM utArane kI bharasaka koziza kii| ise nIti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA evaM satat jIvaMta preraNA sNjoyii| naitika sAmAjika jIvana-jIne kA yaha chappaya unake lie dizAsUcaka kI taraha pathadarzana karatA rhaa| giri-pravacana gAMdhI kA bAibila se prathama paricaya iMglaiMDa meM huaa| 'naye ikarAra' (nyUTesTAmeMTa) se vo bar3e prabhAvita hue aura khAsataura para |grii-prvcn' (saramana Ana di mAuMTa) to unake hRdaya meM hI paiTha gyaa| jo terA kurtA mAMge use aMgarakhA bhI de de, jo tere dAhine gAla para tamAcA mAre, bAyAM gAla bhI usake sAmane kara de; 'apane duzmanoM ko bhI pyAra kara aura unake lie prArthanA kara, jisase ve bhI tere pitA 142 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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paramezvara kI saccI saMtAna bana sakeM'-Adi aMzoM ko jaba maiMne par3hA to mujhe bahuta hI jyAdA khuzI huii| bAibila meM mere mana ke bhAvoM kI gUMja sunAI par3egI, isakI to mujhe ummIda bhI nahIM thii| AtmakathA meM svIkArA ki IsA ke giri-pravacana kA mujha para bahuta acchA prabhAva pdd'aa| use maiMne hRdaya meM basA liyaa| buddhi ne gItA ke sAtha usakI tulanA kii| 'bAibila' se gAMdhI ne nyAya ke lie ahiMsaka saMgharSa kI preraNA prApta kii| Age jAkara yaha unakI AjAdI kI lar3AI kA hathiyAra bana gyaa| 'burAI ko sadaiva acchAI dvArA jItane' kA amara saMdeza evaM zatru ko bhI prema se jItane kA rahasya gAMdhI ko giri-pravacana meM najara aayaa| isa vacana se dUsare dharmAcAryoM ko bhI par3hane kI bhAvanA jgii| mitra ne kArlAina kI 'vibhUtiyA~ aura vibhUti-pUjA' (hIroja-eNDa hIrovarzipa) par3hane kI salAha dii| usameM paigambara (hajarata muhammada) kA prakaraNa par3hA jo vIratA-mahAnatA kA saMdeza hai| pArasI evaM islAma dharma kA bhI adhyayana kiyaa| buddhacaritra evaM vibhinna dharmoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| IsAI saMta liyo TaoNlsTaoNya vyaktitva nirmANa meM anekAneka saMghaTaka yogabhUta banate haiN| ye pratyakSa athavA parokSa rahakara bhI vyakti ko prabhAvita karate haiN| atyadhika prakhara parokSa kAraka bhI vicAra taraMgoM ko prANavAn banAne meM yogabhUta banate haiN| mahAtmA gAMdhI para TaoNlsTaoNya kA prabhUta prabhAva par3A jisakI prathama kar3I nibaMdha bnaa| jAtamehanata tamAma manuSyoM ke lie lAjimI hai, yaha bAta sarvaprathama TaoNlsTaoNya kA eka nibaMdha par3hakara gAMdhI ke mana meM aMkita ho gyii| yadyapi isase pahale ve raskina kA 'anaTU disa lAsTa' sarvodaya par3hakara apane jIvana kA krama isa rUpa meM badala cuke the parantu jAta-mehanata aMgrejI zabda 'breDa levara' kA anuvAda hai| 'breDa levara' kA zabdAtmaka anuvAda hai roTI ke lie mjduurii| roTI ke lie hara eka manuSya ko majadUrI karanI caahie| unakI dRSTi meM yaha mUla khoja TaoNlsTaoNya kI nahIM hai, lekina unase bahuta kama mazahUra raziyana lekhaka bondarevha (T.M. Bondarev) kI hai| TaoNlsTaoNya ne use rozana kiyA aura apnaayaa| isakI jhA~kI merI AMkheM bhagavadgItA ke tIsare adhyAya meM karatI haiN| yajJa kiye binA jo khAtA hai vaha corI kA anna khAtA hai, aisA kaThora zApa yajJa nahIM karane vAle ko diyA gayA hai| yahAM yajJa kA artha jAta-mehanata yA roTI-majadUrI hI zobhatA hai aura merI rAya meM yahI ho sakatA hai| spaSTa hai gAMdhI kI dRSTi tathya ko grahaNa karane meM kuzAgra thii| kisa saMdarbha meM zabda kA kyA sahI artha ho sakatA yaha kaThina kArya ve bar3I sugamatA se saMpAdita kara lete| unake abhimata meM jise ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA hai, satya kI bhakti karanI hai, brahmacarya ko kudaratI banAnA hai, usake lie to jAta-mehanata rAmabANasI ho jAtI hai| TaoNlsTaoNya bhArata-bhU ke sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika utthAna tathA aMgrejoM ke viruddha saMgharSa meM ruci rakhate the| isa saMbaMdha meM unhoMne 'e laiTara TU hindU' nAma kI patrAtmaka dhArA meM bhAratIya krAMtikAriyoM ko saMbodhita karate hue likhA-'yadi bhAratIya janatA hiMsA ke dvArA gulAma banI hai, to isakA artha hai ki usane hiMsA meM jIvana ke zAzvata niyama kI pahacAna nahIM kI hai|' isa patrAtmaka preraNA se gAMdhI atyanta prabhAvita hue tathA TaoNlsTaoNya ke bhAvapUrNa akSarAMkita hRdayodgAra se 'sAmUhika avajJA' evaM ahiMsAtmaka pratirodha kA sabaka siikhaa| AdhyAtmika-naitika bodha pATha / 143

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dakSiNa aphrIkA meM satyAgraha AMdolana ke prAraMbhika dinoM meM gAMdhI ne pahalA patra TaoNlsTaoNya ko samasyA-samAdhAnArtha parAmarza ke bataura likhaa| patrottara ne unake AMdolana ko protsAhita kiyaa| 1910 I. meM gAMdhI ne apanI pustaka 'hinda svarAja' aura 'homarUla' TaoNlsTaoNya ko bhejI jisako TaoNlsTaoNya ne kAphI mahattvapUrNa btlaayaa| agasta 1915 I. meM gAMdhI ne punaH TaoNlsTAya ko eka patra likhA jisakA pratyuttara TaoNlsTaoNya ne vistAra pUrvaka likhA jo TaoNlsTaoNya kI mRtyu ke kucha saptAha pUrva milA, jisakA kucha aMza hai-maiMne eka lambI jiMdagI vyatIta kI aura jaba mRtyu ke atyaMta nikaTa hU~ taba dUsaroM ko batAnA cAhatA hUM vaha 'pesiva resinttens'| yaha zAMti pUrNa pratirodha prema ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| yaha patra prema hai jo galata vyAkhyAoM se vistRta nahIM huA hai, yaha prema ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| yaha prema mAnavIya ekatA ke lie saMgharSa kara rahA hai aura isa saMgharSa ke uddezya se jo prayAsa kiye jAte haiM ve hI kArya aura prayAsa mAnava-jIvana ke lie uccatama aura eka mAtra niyama haiN| pratyeka vyakti apanIapanI AtmA kI gaharAI meM jAne para ise mahasUsa karatA hai aura jAnatA hai| ...prema vyAghAtaka rUpa se samAjavAda, sAmyavAda, arAjakatAvAda, muktasenA, bar3hate hue aparAdha, berojagArI, dhanikoM kI vilAsa-priyatA evaM garIboM kI dayanIyatA Adi krAMtikAriyoM ko janma dete haiN| pratidina ho rahI hatyAe~-ye sabhI AMtarika vyAghAtaka sthitiyoM kI dyotaka haiN| isakA samAdhAna prema ke niyama kI jAnakArI aura hiMsA ke tyAga dvArA honA caahie| isalie ApakI 'TrAsavAlA' meM ghaTI kriyAeM vizva meM vAstavika uddezya kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai aura anyAya kArya, jo vizva meM ho rahe haiM, unase upayogI haiM jisameM mAtra IsAI dharma meM vyakti hI nahIM varana saMpUrNa vizva hissA legaa|....ttoNlsttoNy ke isa patra ne gAMdhI ke bhItara zAMti aura ahiMsA ke bIja siMcita kara prema rUpI phala pradAna kiyA, jisase gAMdhI ne zAMti, ahiMsA, prema tInoM ko AdhAra banAkara apane jIvana ke sAre prayogoM meM uccakoTi kI saphalatA hAsila kii| patra vyavahAra meM jahA~ gAMdhI ne zraddhA aura kRtajJatA nivedita kI hai; vahIM mRtyu ke najadIka khar3e vayovRddha TaoNlsTaoNya ne apane patroM meM atyadhika harSa aura prasannatA prakaTa kI hai| kucha bhI ho, para gAMdhI ne TaoNlsTaoNya se patra vyavahAra ke jariye apUrva preraNA grahaNa kI aura yaha prakaTa bhI kiyA ki mere jIvana ko prerita karane vAloM meM eka zraddhAspada nAma vidvAna vicAraka TaoNlsTaoNya kA hai| zrImad rAyacanda gAMdhI iMsAnoM meM eka camatkAra the| unake camatkArI vyaktitva sRjana meM aneka mahApuruSoM, mahAgraMthoM kI pratyakSa-parokSa bhUmikA rahI hai| gAMdhI kA naitika-AdhyAtmika vyaktitva virATtA ko upalabdha huA usakA adhika zreya unhoMne zrImad rAyacaMda bhAI ko diyaa| gAMdhI kA unase prathama saMparka bambaI meM DaoN. mehatA dvArA karavAyA gyaa| usa samaya zrImad kI umra pacIsa sAla se adhika na thI para ve revAzaMkara jagajIvana kI jaina per3hI ke sAjhI tathA kartA-dhartA the| unake vyaktitva kI chApa gAMdhI para pdd'ii| AtmakathA meM likhA- 'pahalI hI mulAkAta meM maiMne yaha anubhava kiyA thA ki ve caritravAn aura jJAnI puruSa haiN|' isa jJAnI purupa kA bAhya vyaktitva bhI kitanA prabuddha aura nispRha thA isakI eka jhalaka katipaya tathyoM se hotI hai avadhAna prayoga kI saphalatA para jAmanagara meM unheM 'hinda kA hIrA' upanAma milA thaa| 19 144 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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varSa kI umra meM unako bambaI kI eka sArvajanika sabhA meM DaoN. piTarsana kI adhyakSatA meM zatAvadhAna ke prayoga para 'suvarNacandraka' pradAna kiyA aura sAkSAt sarasvatI kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| baMbaI hAIkorTa ke mukhya nyAyAdhIza sara cArlsa sArajanTa dvArA yUropa meM jAkara apanI zaktiyAM dikhAne kA anurodha bhI zrImad rAyacaMdajI ne asvIkRta kara diyA, unakI nispRhatA kA yaha bhAva saghana banA, Atmonnati meM aisI pravRtti bAdhaka aura sanmArga rodhaka jAnakara bIsa varSa kI umra ke pazcAt unhoMne avadhAna prayoga kabhI nahIM kiye| 16 varSa kI umra meM 'mokSamAlA' mAtra tIna dina meM likha ddaalii| yaha unakI prabuddhatA kA paricAyaka hai| zrImad jI jAti ke osavAla tathA jaina dharma ke mAnane vAle, zAdIzudA pArivArika saha javAharAta ke vyApArI the| yaha unakA UparI paricaya hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI zrImad rAyacaMda ke prati maMtra mugdha ho gye| ve jisa zakti se prabhAvita hue usakA ullekha kiyA-maiM kitane hI varSoM se bhArata meM dhArmika puruSoM kI zodha meM huuN| parantu maiMne aisA dhArmika puruSa aba taka nahIM dekhaa| yUropa ke tattvajJAniyoM meM maiM TaoNlsTaoNya ko pahalI zreNI kA aura raskina ko dUsarI zreNI kA vidvAna samajhatA hUM aura ina donoM ke jIvana se bhI maiMne bahuta kucha sIkhA hai, para zrImad rAyacanda bhAI kA anubhava ina donoM se bhI bar3hAcar3hA hai| ve kisI bAr3ebaMdI ke puruSa nahIM haiN| unakA hRdaya vizAla aura udAra hai|" prakaTataH gAMdhI ke dila meM zrImadjI kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| unhoMne svIkArA rAyacandabhAI ne apane gAr3ha paricaya se mere hRdaya meM sthAna banAyA hai| jaba mujhe hindUdharma meM zaMkA paidA huI usa samaya usake nivAraNa karane meM madada karane vAle rAyacanda bhAI the| gAMdhI ko apanI ora khIMcane vAlA zrImad rAyacanda meM jo kucha thA, vaha thA- 'unakA vyApaka zAstrajJAna, unakA zuddha cAritra aura Atmadarzana karane kA unakA utkaTa utsaah| bAda meM mujhe (gAMdhI ko) patA calA ki ve Atmadarzana ke lie hI apanA jIvana bitA rahe the| hasatAM ramatAM prakaTa hari dekheM re, mAruM jIvyuM saphala taba lekhu re, muktAnandano nAtha vihArI re, muktAnandano nAtha vihArI re, odhA jIvana dorI hamArI re, arthAt jaba haMsate-khelate hara kAma meM mujhe hari ke darzana hoM tabhI maiM apane jIvana ko saphala maanuuNgaa| muktAnanda kahate haiM, mere svAmI to bhagavAna haiM aura ve hI mere jIvana kI jera haiN| muktAnanda kA yaha vacana unakI jIbha para to thA hI, para vaha unake hRdaya meM bhI aMkita thaa|' unhoMne unameM kucha aura bhI pAyA, usako apanI AtmakathA meM vistAra se likhA-ve svayaM hajAroM kA vyApAra karate, hIre-motI kI parakha karate. vyApAra kI samasyAyeM salajhAte. para yaha saba unakA viSaya na thaa| unakA viSaya-unakA puruSArtha to thA aatm-pricy-hridrshn| unakI gaddI para dUsarI koI cIja ho cAhe na ho para koI-na-koI dharma pustaka aura DAyarI to avazya rahatI thii| vyApAra kI bAta samApta hote hI dharma pustaka khulatI athavA unakI DAyarI khulatI thii|....jo manuSya lAkhoM ke lena-dena kI bAta karake turaMta hI Atma-jJAna kI gUr3ha bAteM likhane baiTha jAyeM, usakI jAti vyApArI kI nahIM, balki zuddha jJAnI kI hai| unakA aisA anubhava mujhe eka bAra nahIM, kaI bAra huA thaa| maiMne kabhI unheM mUrchA AdhyAtmika-naitika bodha pATha / 145

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kI sthiti meM nahIM paayaa| mere sAtha unakA koI svArtha nahIM thA / maiM unake bahuta nikaTa samparka meM rahA huuN| usa samaya maiM eka bhikhArI bArisTara thaa| para jaba bhI maiM unakI dukAna para pahuMcatA, ve mere sAtha dharma-carcA ke sivA dUsarI koI bAta hI na karate the / rAyacanda bhAI kI dharma- carcA maiM rucipUrvaka sunatA thA / usake bAda maiM aneka dharmAcAryoM ke samparka meM AyA huuN| maiMne hara eka dharma ke AcAryoM se milane kA prayatna kiyA hai / para mujha para jo chApa rAyacanda bhAI ne DAlI, vaisI dUsarA koI na DAla skaa| unake bahutere vacana mere hRdaya meM sIdhe utara jAte the| maiM unakI buddhi kA sammAna karatA thA / unakI prAmANikatA ke lie mere mana meM utanA hI Adara thaa| isalie maiM jAnatA thA ki ve mujhe jAna-bUjhakara galata rAste nahIM le jAyeMge aura jo unake mana meM hogA vahI kaheMge / isa kAraNa apane AdhyAtmika saMkaTa ke samaya maiM unakA apane hRdaya meM sthAna de skaa| ye udgAra unakI AtmatRpti aura satyAnubhUti ke sAkSI haiN| prazna uThatA hai kyA zrImadjI kA jIvana-vyavahAra itanA unnata thA, jise rASTra pitA apanI AsthA - ahobhAva samarpita kara sake? unake saMparka meM Ane vAloM kA yaha anubhava rahA ki ve javAharAta ke vyApArI bhale hI the para unakA lakSya AtmA kI ora adhika thA / zrImadjI ke bhAgIdAra zrI mANekalAla dhelAbhAI ne likhA- 'vyApAra meM aneka prakAra kI kaThinAiyAM AtI thIM, unake sAmane zrImadjI eka aDola parvata ke samAna Tike rahate the| maiMne unheM jar3a vastuoM kI ciMtA se ciMtAtura nahIM dekhA / ve hamezA zAnta aura gambhIra rahate the / ' aisI hI aneka vizeSatAyeM unake jIvana kA upahAra bniiN| unake karuNApUrita vyavahAra meM ahiMsA kI anugU~ja thii| isakA eka udAharaNa hI paryApta hogA kI karmakSetra dharmakSetra kaise bana sakatA hai? eka bAra eka vyApArI ke sAtha zrImadjI ne hIroM kA saudA kiyA ki amuka samaya meM nizcita kiye hue bhAva se vaha vyApArI zrImadjI ko amuka hIre de / usa viSaya kA dastAvez2a bhI ho gayA / paraMtu huA aisA ki muddata ke samaya bhAva bahuta bar3ha gaye / zrImad jI khuda usa vyApArI ke yahA~ jA pahu~ce aura use ciMtAmagna dekhakara vaha dastAveja lekara phAr3a DAlA aura bole - 'bhAI, isa ciTThI (dastAveja) ke kAraNa tumhAre hAtha-pA~va baMdhe hu the bAjAra bhAva bar3ha jAne se mere sATha-sattara hajAra rupaye lene nikalate haiM, parantu maiM tumhArI sthiti samajha sakatA huuN| itane adhika rUpaye maiM tumase le lU~ to tumhArI kyA dazA ho ? rAyacandra dUdha pI sakatA hai, khUna nahIM / " yaha dekha vyApArI stabdha raha gyaa| usake pAsa kRtajJa bhAva prakaTa karane ke lie zabda hI na rhe| yaha udAharaNa unake AMtarika saudarya kA pratIka kahA jA sakatA hai| 1 mahAtmA gAMdhI ne likhA- 'maiMne kisI ko guru to nahIM banAyA lekina mujha para ahiMsA kA sabase adhika prabhAva zrImad rAyacanda kA par3A hai / ve AdhyAtmika sAdhaka the / ve gRhastha the / gRhastha jIvana meM bhI unakI sAdhanA itanI ucca thI ki kaI sAdhu bhI vahA~ taka nahIM pahu~ca paate| bar3e yogI, tapasvI sAdhaka the|' gAMdhI para unake vairAgya kI jo chavi aMkita thI usakA aMdAjA isa kathana se lagAyA jA sakatA hai - jo vairAgya ( apUrva avasara evo kyAre Avaze?) isa kAvya kI kar3iyoM meM jhalaka rahA hai vaha maiMne unake do varSa ke gAr3ha paricaya meM pratikSaNa unameM dekhA hai| unake lekhoM meM eka asAdhAraNatA yaha hai ki unhoMne jo anubhava kiyA vahI likhA hai / usameM kahIM bhI kRtrimatA nahIM / dUsare para prabhAva DAlane ke lie eka paMkti bhI likhI ho aisA maiMne nahIM dekhA / .... khAte, baiThate, sote, pratyeka kriyA karate unameM vairAgya to hotA hI / kisI samaya isa jagat ke kisI bhI vaibhava meM unheM moha huA ho aisA maiMne nahIM dekhA / ....vyavahAra kuzalatA aura dharmaparAyaNatA kA jitanA uttama mela maiMne 146 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kavi meM dekhA utanA kisI anya meM nahIM dekhaa| ye sAre bola gAMdhI ke hRdaya se nikale, zrImadjI ke prati bhakti ke sumana haiN| aneka prasaMgoM para svIkArA kI unake jIvana ko atyadhika prabhAvita karane vAle eka mAtra zrImad rAyacandra jI haiN| 'zrImad rAjacandra jayantI' ke prasaMga para IsvI san 1921 meM gAMdhI ne kahA-'bahuta bAra kaha aura likha gayA hU~ ki maiMne bahutoM ke jIvana meM se bahuta kucha liyA hai| parantu sabase adhika kisI ke jIvana meM se maiMne grahaNa kiyA ho to vaha kavi (zrImadjI) ke jIvana meM se hai| dayA dharma bhI maiMne unake jIvana meM se sIkhA hai|....khuun karane vAle se bhI prema karanA yaha dayA dharma mujhe kavi ne sikhAyA hai|'40 AMtarika ahobhAva se niSpanna ye bola zrImadjI ke prati gAMdhI kI aTUTa AsthA, samarpaNa evaM vinaya bhAva ke pratIka haiN| kisI se kucha grahaNa karanA eka bAta hai para use ahobhAva se prakaTa karanA sarvathA bhinna bAta hai| para, gAMdhI sadaiva unake prati kRtajJa baneM rahe yaha unakA apanA vaiziSTya thaa| ahiMsA, anukaMpA, karuNA, Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke jo viziSTa guNa unameM vikasita hue, vaha zrImadjI kA AdhyAtmika pratibimba kahA jA sakatA hai| nizcita rUpa se gAMdhI ke ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAra bahuta unnata the aura ve jaina ahiMsA se milate-julate bhI the| isakA eka kAraNa zrImadjI kA ahiMsA pradhAna jaina jIvana bhI rahA hogaa| svArtha vRtti se Uparata karuNAmaya vyavahAra kI chApa gAMdhI ke hRdaya para sadaiva aMkita rahI isake aneka udAharaNa unake jIvana meM milate haiN| AdhyAtmika-naitika bodha pATha / 147

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eka aura srota gAMdhI kA jIvana Alokamaya Adarza kA pratIka hai| ve jahAM bhI, jisa sthiti se gujare preraNA saMjote gye| phira cAhe darzana kA kSetra ho, dharma kA viSaya ho athavA sAmAjika paristhiti kA saMdarbha ho| unheM pratyeka kSetra meM sIkhane ke lie, apanAne ke lie yat kiMcit mila hI jaataa| sAhitya gAMdhI ke unnata vicAroM kI pRSThabhUmi meM jIvana saMpadA ko samRddha banAne meM sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai| unakA sAhitya lagAva, svAdhyAya priyatA unnata vicAroM ko banAne meM yogabhUta bnaa| isa yuga meM acchI pustakeM kucha hada taka satsaMga kI kamI pUrI karatI haiN| jo vyakti jIvana ke pratyeka kSaNa meM sukhabhoga karane kI icchA rakhate hoM, unheM acchI pustakeM par3hane kI Adata DAlanI caahie| gAMdhI ne apane jIvana meM svAdhyAya prema se jo sIkhA, preraNAe~ saMjoyI aura hRdaya meM sthAna diyA, usakA dUsarA koI zAnI nahIM hai| __ svAdhyAyazIlatA kA citraNa karate hue likhA-'gAMdhIjI kA jJAna pipAsu mana veda, upaniSad, gItA, vedAMta tathA praur3ha dhArmika granthoM ke svAdhyAya meM lIna ho jaataa| unheM rAma, tulasI, sUra, mIrA, narasI mehatA kI yuktipUrNa racanAeM, IsAI tathA muslima dharma meM bhaktipUrNa upadeza atyanta priya the|' vibhinna bhAratIya dharma-darzanoM kA svAdhyAya unakA priya viSaya thaa| svAdhyAya samudra meM gotA lagAte samaya unako aneka preraNAspada vicAra rUpI hIre javAharAta mile jo unake lie pathadarzaka bneN| gAMdhI ne saghana-sakriya-svAdhyAya krama dakSiNa aphrIkA meM priToriyA kI jela meM banAyA usase unako bar3I khurAka milii| pustakeM-aMgrejI, hindI, gujarAtI, saMskRta aura tamila bhASAoM kI thii| pAzcAtya vidvAna yUnAnI vicAraka sukarAta kI satya khoja kI pravRtti tathA satya ke lie prANotsarga kI ghaTanA se gAMdhI atyadhika prabhAvita the| ve sukarAta ko eka mahAn satyAgrahI mAnate the| sAtha hI ve prAcIna cInI vicAraka lAotse tathA kanphyUziyasa kI naitika zikSAoM se bhI prabhAvita the| gAMdhI ke hRdaya ko Adhunika yuga ke pAzcAtya lekhaka-vidvAnoM ne bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| udAharaNa ke taura para. jaoNna raskina kI 'anTU disa lAsTa' (Unto This Last) se zrama kI sArthakatA-samAnatA kA vicAra grahaNa kiyaa| 148 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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. * thokI 'oNna sivila DisaobIDiyensa' ( On Civil Disobedience) se niSkriya pratirodha evaM vyaktigata svataMtratA ke vicAra prabala banAye / TaoNlsTaoNya kI pustaka 'baikuMTha tumhAre hRdaya meM' (The Kingdom of God is within you) se ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAradhArA ko puSTa bnaayaa| isake atirikta 'gAspilsa ina brIpha' (Gospils in Brief) saMkSipta daivIya saMdeza / vhATa TU DU ? ( What to dow) Adi pustakoM kA itanA prabhAva par3A ki TaoNlsTaoNya kI Azrama - saMskRti evaM jIvana-paddhati kA gAMdhI ne anukaraNa kiyaa| prAraMbha meM dakSiNI aphrIkA aura bAda meM bhArata meM vibhinna AzramoM kI sthApanA kI / kne dvArA batalAye gaye pAnI ke uttama upacAra bhI gAMdhI ne apanAye / isase prakaTa hai ki unameM dUsaroM ke vicAroM aura AdarzoM meM samarasa hone kI kalA thI jisakI badaulata unhoMne aneka vicArakoM se bhI siikhaa| aisI aneka racanAeM evaM vicAraka jisakI chApa una para pdd'ii| una saba meM prathama koTi ke prabhAva kA jikra bhI kiyA jisakA svataMtra rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai / . jusTakI 'riTarna TU necara' par3hakara unhoMne prAkRtika upacAra bImArI kI rokathAma hetu apanAye, saMparka meM Ane vAloM ko apanAne kI salAha dii| miTTI kA prayoga kabja se rAhata pAne, phor3e-phuMsI ko ThIka karane evaM sakhta bukhAra TAiphAiDa meM isakA prayoga karate / gAMdhI ne likhA 'bicchU ke DaMka para bhI maiMne miTThI kA khUba prayoga kiyA hai / sevAgrAma meM bicchU kA upadrava Aye dina kI bAta ho gayI hai / ' 'anaTU disa lAsTa' apanI AtmakathA meM likhA- mere jIvana meM tatkAla mahattva ke racanAtmaka parivartana karAye vaha 'anaTU disa lAsTa' hI kahI jA sakatI hai / bAda meM maiMne usakA gujarAtI anuvAda kiyA aura vaha 'sarvodaya' ke nAma se chpaa| merA yaha vizvAsa hai ki jo cIja mere andara gaharAiyoM meM chipI par3I thI, raskina ke graMtharatna meM maiMne usakA spaSTa pratibiMba dekhA aura isa kAraNa usane mujha para apanA sAmrAjya jamAyA aura mujhase usameM diye gae vicAroM para amala karavAyA |....gaaNdhii ke zabdoM meM- maiM sarvodaya ke siddhAntoM ko isa prakara samajhA hUM sabakI bhalAI meM hamArI bhalAI nihita hai / vakIla aura nAI donoM ke kAma kI kImata ekasI honI cAhiye, kyoMki AjIvikA kA adhikAra sabako eka samAna hai| * sAdA- mehanata-majadUrI kA, kisAna kA jIvana hI saccA jIvana hai / pahalI cIja maiM jAnatA thA / dUsarI ko maiM dhuMdhale rUpa meM dekhatA thaa| tIsarI kA maiMne kabhI vicAra hI nahIM kiyA / 'sarvodaya' ne mujhe dIye kI taraha dikhA diyA ki pahalI cIja meM dUsarI donoM cIjeM samAyI huI haiM / saverA huA aura maiM ina siddhAMtoM para amala karane ke prayatna meM lagA / " jAhira hai isa racanA ne unake jIvana para jAduI krAMtikArI parivartana ghaTita kiyA / misTara polAka se milI pustaka pUrI par3he binA chor3a na sake aura rAtabhara kriyAnviti ke vicAra meM nIMda nahIM aayii| vAkaI meM yaha pustaka unake jIvana kA TarniMga paoNiMTa banI / pustakIya vicAroM kI kriyAnviti kA pratyakSa udAharaNa 'phiniksa saMsthA' kI sthApanA meM dekhA gayA / eka aura srota / 149

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gAMdhI ne svIkArA, maiMne raskina kI 'anaTU disa lAsTa' se atIva preraNA prApta kii| sarvodaya aura antyodaya kI avadhAraNAeM isI vicAra kI niSpatti hai| raskina ke vicAroM kI puSTi meM unhoMne kahA thA-jaba kabhI bhrama meM par3a jAeM aura ahaM vyakti para hAvI ho jAe to niSpakSa ciMtana se parakhe, kisI aise sabase nirdhana aura kamajora vyakti ke cehare ko yAda kIjie jise Apane zAyada pahale dekhA ho aura phira svayaM se pUchie ki Apa jo kadama uThAne jA rahe haiM, kyA usase usakA kucha bhalA ho sakatA hai? kyA vaha isase kucha prApta kara skegaa| kyA isase vaha svayaM ke apane jIvana aura bhAgya kA niyaMtA bana sakegA? dUsare arthoM meM kyA isase bhUkhoM ko aura adhyAtma zUnya lAkhoM logoM ko svarAja mila skegaa| isa ciMtana kI gaharAI meM pAyeMge ki bhrama aura ahaM vilIna ho rahe haiN| isa prakAra yaha pustaka unake bhItara ciMtana kA nayA pravAha paidA karane meM saphala rhii| 'sarvodaya' isa racanA kI pratichAyA hai jisameM gAMdhI ke vicAroM kA Aloka khojA jA sakatA hai| yaha sacAI hai ki pustaka se ve itane prabhAvita hue ki neTAla kI rAjadhAnI chor3akara jUlUlaiMDa ke jaMgala meM jA bse| aicchika garIbI ko gale lagAyA aura sahI arthoM meM pasIne kI kamAI khAne kA prayatna karane lge| sAhitya lagAva ke saMbaMdha meM itanA hI kahanA paryApta hogA ki pustaka ke vicAroM se sahamata hote to unheM AtmasAt kara lete aura tadanusAra AcaraNa bhI karate, asahamata hote to usase hamezA ke lie apanA mana haTA lete the| paristhitiyA~ banAma preraNA guNagrAhI vyaktitva ke paryAya gAMdhI ne apane jIvana meM aneka cetana-acetana abhiprerakoM se preraNAeM sNjoyii| yaha mAtra saMkalpanA nahIM saccAI hai| isakA sAkSI hai unakA virAT sAhitya, jisameM utsUtra rUpa meM yatra-tatra prerakoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| svadeza evaM videza meM ghaTane vAlI kucha tAtkAlika paristhitiyAM gAMdhI ne dekhI jo pratyakSa preraNA na hote hue bhI antara cetanA ko jhakajhorane vAlI thiiN| una paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita ho unake bhItara jo krAMti ke sphuliMga uThe, saMkalpa jagA vahI unakA karmakSetra banatA gyaa| anake prathAyeM,-ghaTanAeM, gAMdhI ke AMdolana kA nimitta banIM ataH prastuta saMdarbha meM unheM preraNA srota ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| seTha abdullA ke nimaMtraNa para gAMdhI eka sAla ke lie dakSiNa aphrIkA Darabana maI, 1893 meM phuNce| vahA~ cAlIsa hajAra pauMDa ke dIvAnI dAve kA kAma thaa| Darabana adAlata meM yUropiyana majisTreTa dvArA gAMdhI ko pagaDI utArane kA hakma raMga-bheda kA namUnA mAtra thaa| lekina Darabana se priToriyA jAte samaya jo ghaTanA ghaTI-gAr3I mairitsabarga pahuMcane para unheM pahale darje kA DibbA chor3akara AkhirI darje ke Dibbe meM jAne kA hakma milaa| inakAra karane para dhakkA mArakara bar3I behadagI se nIce utAra diyA gyaa| ThaMDa se ThiTharatI rAta unhoMne mairitsabarga sTezana ke aMdhare veTiMga rUma meM baiThe ghaTanA para ciMtana meM bitaaii| dakSiNa aphrikA meM bhAratIyoM ko jina apamAna janaka paristhitiyoM meM rahanA par3a rahA thA, gAMdhI usase vAkipha nahIM the| sahane kI mAnasikatA se Age jAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| ___cArlsaTAuna se sTaiMDaraTana ghor3e kI sikarama se jAnA hotA thaa| gAMdhI ko sikarama ke aMdara gaure yAtriyoM ke sAtha na baiThane dene para pratikAra kiyA to sikarama kaMpanI kA gaurA nAyaka AgababUlA ho una para hAtha uThA diyaa| unheM burI taraha piTate dekha kucha gaure yAtriyoM ne bIca-bacAva kiyaa| gAMdhI 150 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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nemAra khAnA svIkAra kiyA, paraMtu jahA~ baiThe the vahA~ se haTe nahIM / yaha gaure kI udaMDatA aura pAzvika zakti ke khilApha zAMti bhare sAhasa aura mAnavI garimA kA durlabha ghaTanA prasaMga thA / sTaiMDaraTana meM mile bhAratIya vyApAriyoM ne gAMdhI ko batAyA jo kucha Apake sAtha gujarA, vaha to TrAMsavAla meM bhAratIyoM ke sAtha roja hI hotA hai |.....johnsbrg meM grAMDa nezanala hoTala meM hindustAniyoM ko na ThaharAne kI bAta sunii| priToriyA ke lie bar3I muzkila se prathama darje kA relve TikiTa milaa| Darabana se priToriyA taka kI pA~ca dina kI yAtrA meM gAMdhI dakSiNa aphrIkA meM bhAratIya pravAsiyoM kI vAstavika sthiti se paricita ho gaye / isa sAre ghaTanAkrama se panapI mAnasikatA kA citraNa karate hue likhA- 'usI kSaNa se unhoMne (gAMdhI) dakSiNa aphrIkA ke zAsakIya aura varNa-vidveSaka sAmAjika anyAya ke khilApha kamara kasa lii|..... eka kSaNa ke lie bhI unhoMne raMga-bheda aura jAtIya auddhatya ke Age apane hathiyAra nahIM DAle / cU~ki yaha prazna bhArata deza aura sArI mAnava jAti ke gaurava kI rakSA aura sthApanA kA thaa| 2 gAMdhI ne antara AtmA se uThI AvAja para bhAratIya nivAsiyoM kI 'TrAMsavAla' meM Ama sabhA sthiti saMjJAna hetu Ayojita kii| kAravAI ke lie saMgaThana para bala diyA, aMgrejI sikhAne kA kAma zurU kiyaa| jisa uddezya se dakSiNa aphrIkA Aye divAnI dAve kA bArIkI se adhyayana kiyA / adAlatI lar3AI meM ubhaya pakSa kI tabAhI dekha Apasa meM jhagar3A nipaTAne kI salAha dii| Akhira donoM (abdullA aura taiyaba) paMca phaisale ke lie rAjI hue| isameM abdullA kI jIta huI para gAMdhI ke anurodha para taiyabajI ko kAphI laMbI mohalata de dii| isa prasaMga para apanA Atma toSa prakaTa karate hue likhA- 'maiMne saccI vakAlata karanA sIkhA, manuSya-svabhAva kA ujjvala pakSa DhU~r3ha nikAlanA sIkhA, manuSya-hRdaya meM paiThanA siikhaa| mujhe jAna par3A ki vakIla kA kartavya pharIkaina ke bIca meM khudI huI khAI ko bharanA hai / 13 yaha kathana isa tathya ko prakaTa karatA hai ki unheM samajhautA kA karInA upalabdha ho gyaa| isa preraNA ko unhoMne tAjiMdagI saMjoye rakhA / aphrIkA se vidAI bhoja kA Ayojana thaa| gAMdhI kI nigAha 'neTala marakara' akhabAra para par3I 'iMDiyana phreMcAija' (bhAratIyoM kA matAdhikAra) zIrSaka pddh'aa| dakSiNa aphrIkA meM base bhAratIyoM ko matAdhikAra se vaMcita karane ke lie eka vidheyaka neTAla kI vidhAna sabhA meM peza kiyA jA rahA thA / bhAratIya isase bekhabara the| gAMdhI se vahI rukakara lar3AI ko lar3ane kA Agraha kiyaa| samAroha vidheyakavirodhI Andolana kI rAjanaitika samiti bana gayA / tatkAlIna dakSiNa aphrIkA meM pracalita naslIya bhedabhAva se pIr3ita bhAratIya pravAsiyoM kI durdazA ne tathA svayaM eka 'kulI berisTara' rUpa meM anyAya pratyakSa anubhava ne unake Atmabala ko gaMbhIra cunautI dI aura unameM soyA 'mahApuruSa' jAgRta ho gyaa| unake netRtva meM pravAsI bhAratIyoM kA saMgaThana banA / satyAgraha kA zrIgaNeza huA, gAMdhI kaI bAra jela gaye / tIna cAra caraNoM meM hone vAle satyAgraha ke Akhira supariNAma nikle| dakSiNa aphrIkA se vidAI lete samaya gAMdhI ke mizana kI saphalatA kA jikra 'iMDiyana opIniyana' ne kiyaa| jo mudde sarakAra dvArA maMjUra kiye gaye, ve theM 1. giramiTa mukta majadUroM para se tIna pauMDa kA kara uThA liyA gayA / 2. bhAratIya hindU aura muslima paddhati meM kiye gae vivAhoM kI vaidhatA mAna lI gaI / 3. aMgUThe kI chApavAle adhivAsI pramANa-patra ko dakSiNa aphrIkA meM dAkhila hone aura rahane para paravAnA maMjUra kiyA gyaa|" eka aura srota / 151

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sabhI ke prati hArdika kRtajJa bhAva prakaTa karate hue gAMdhI ne maMgalamaya jIvana kI kAmanA kI aura dakSiNa aphrIkA se satyAgraha kI nayI tAlIma ko saMjokara svadeza lautte| apane laMbe pravAsa meM ahiMsaka saMgharSa kI jo preraNA prApta kI vaha unake jIvana kA abhinna aMga bana gyii| dakSiNa aphrIkA se lauTakara tatkAlIna bhArata kI patita sAmAjika Arthika paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita hokara racanAtmaka kAryakramoM ko apnaayaa| jisameM sAmpradAyika sadbhAva, nArI utthAna, harijanauddhAra, daridranArAyaNa kI sevA, svadezI, grAmotthAna Adi ko pramukhatA dI gyii| bhArata ke rASTrIya netA tilaka se prabhAvita ho gAMdhI ne rAjanIti meM jana Andolana kI vidhA ko apnaayaa| apane 'rAjanItika guru' ke rUpa meM gokhale se rAjanIti meM AdhyAtmIkaraNa kI preraNA tathA sAdhya ke samAna sAdhana kI pavitratA kA Adarza grahaNa kiyaa| jisakA pAlana bhArata ke AjAdI-abhiyAna meM bhI akSarazaH kiyA gyaa| preraNA saMgrahaNa, guNa-grAhitA kI pravRtti gAMdhI jIvana kI virala vizeSatA thii| vibhinna srotoM se sadvicAroM ko grahaNa kiyaa| ve hI unake akhaMDa vyaktitva evaM ahiMsaka jIvana nirmANa ke ghaTaka banate gye| ve guNa sumanoM se jIvana hAra sajhAte gye| ati mAnavIya cetanA kA jAgaraNa kara pratistrota ke patha para bar3hate hue duniyA bhara ke logoM ko jIvaMta saMdeza diyaa| vo saMdeza Aja bhI vaizvika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM ahaM bhUmikA rakhatA haiN| gAMdhI ko apane irda-girda jo bhI grahaNa karane yogya, preraNAmaya pratIta huA use ve apanAte gye| unakI isa grAhakatA kA citraNa vallabha bhAI paTela ke zabdoM meM 'unakA hRdaya samudra jaisA thA jo hajAroM nadiyoM evaM jala-srotoM ke jala ko AtmasAt kara letA hai aura apane sahAyaka pratyeka jala-srotoM se milane para samAna bhAvanAtmaka umaMgoM se vistAra pAtA hai| 45 yaha kathana gAMdhI ke virAT vyaktitva, vizAla hRdaya kI U~cAiyoM kA sAkSIbhUta sabUta hai| 152 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mahAprajJa ke preraNA srota 'gaganaM gaganAkAraM sAgaraM sAgaropamam' sUkti mahAprajJa ke jIvana caritra se kRtArtha banIM / 'AcArya zrI mahAprajJa kI Aja saMpUrNa vizva ko AvazyakatA hai| unakA jIvana mAnava kalyANa ke lie samarpita hai / ve bAlaka, yuvA aura vRddhAvasthA ke samanvayaka haiM / Apa sAdhu jarUra haiM para jIvana kI hara samasyA ko jAnate haiM aura apane AdhyAtmika teja se unakA samAdhAna prastuta karate haiN|' gujarAta vidhAnasabhA ke pUrva adhyakSa zrI dhIrUbhAI zAha ke kathana kA saMvAdI maMtavya - ' Apa hamArI bhAratIya saMskRti ke prANa haiN| Apake samAna Aja koI dUsarA RSi-muni nahIM dikhalAyI detA / Apa na kevala AdhyAtmika gurU haiM, yogI haiM, apitu kavi, dArzanika, vaijJAnika, jyotirvida Adi bhI haiN| hajAroM sAla meM aisI koI mahAna pratibhA janma letI hai| isakA lAbha sabako milanA caahie| Apako bhAratIya jJAna vijJAna ko bar3hAne ke lie videzoM kI yAtrA karanI caahie| Apane duniyA ko bahuta kucha diyA hai| 46 yojanA Ayoga ke sadasya DaoN. dInAnAtha tivArI kA hai| aise anekAneka bhAvoM ko Alokita karane vAle mAnavatA ke masIhA kA nirmANa jina phaulAdI abhipreraNAoM huA usakA saMjJAna mahatvapUrNa hai| / divya guNoM ke saMvAya kA nAma hai- AcArya mahAprajJa / samarpaNa, sahiSNutA, saralatA, sahRdayatA, saha aura sAdhanA unakA svabhAva thA / antardRSTi evaM atIndriya cetanA ke svAmI kA pAradarzI vyaktitva aura kartRtva ikkIsavIM sadI ke nAma abhinava Alekha hai / unake AdhyAtmika sauMdarya kI eka jhalaka vidhAyaka soca, Adarza sAhitya sRjana evaM dArzanika rahasyoM se anusyUta sugama pravacana zailI meM anagU~jita huii| mahAprajJa kA jIvana nirmala, nizchala, pavitra evaM samujjvalatA kA paryAya rahA hai| unakA Atma paricaya unhIM ke zabdoM meM * bAharI vastue~ mujhe khIMca nahIM sakatI, isalie meM sarasa hU~ / apanI kamajoriyoM ko dekhatA hU~, isalie meM pavitra hU~ / sabako Atmatulya samajhatA hU~, isalie meM abhaya huuN| " isa maMtavya meM mahAprajJa kA virAT vyaktitva pratibimbita hai / isa zikharArohaNa yAtrA meM mUlya unakA hai jisake sahAre unhoMne maMjila kI mInAroM ko chUA / * * maiM akiMcana hU~, isalie mahAna hU~ / merI kAmanAeM sImita haiM, isalie maiM sukhI hU~ / iMdriyoM para niyaMtraNa hai, isalie maiM svataMtra hU~ / kathanI-karanI meM samAnatA hai, isalie maiM jJAnI hU~ / * mahAprajJa ke preraNA srota / 153

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mahAprajJa ne apanI nirmala prajJA se vaizvika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna unmukta bhAva se kiyaa| azAMta vizva ko zAMti kA pATha tAumra pddh'aayaa| unake ciMtana meM sAmayikatA evaM alaukikatA kA apUrva saMgama thaa| mahattva hai unake aise virAT vyaktitva nirmApaka kArakoM kA, preraNA pradIpoM kA jinhoMne hADamAMsa kI deha meM divyatA kA saMsAra kiyaa| prastuta saMdarbha meM yogabhUta kArakoM kA saMkSipta siMhAvalokana abhISTa hai| 154 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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amUlya bodha pATha mahAprajJa kA jIvana unake bAhya vyaktitva se kaI guNA mahAn rahA hai, kyoMki unakA Alaukika AcaraNa vicAroM se saMgata thaa| unakI jIvana zailI meM adhyAtma aura tarka kA saMgama huaa| aise mahAmAnava kA janma asAdhAraNa ghaTanA ke sAtha zubha nakSatrAveSTita 14 jUna 1920 ko, vi. saM. 1966 ASAr3hapada kRSNA trayodazI ke dina marupradeza rAjasthAna ke Tamakora kasbe meM huaa| eka pratiSThita sAdhAraNa-se coraDiyA parivAra meM asAdhAraNa AtmA kA avataraNa huaa| avataraNa para ye paMktiyA~ mukhara banIM 'hajAroM sAla bulabula apanI benurI pe rotI hai| - bar3I muzkila se hotA hai camana meM dIdAvara paidaa||' * zizu kA sAbhiprAya nAma 'nathamala' rakhA gyaa| bAlaka kI bhAvi bhavitavyatA-virATtA kA saMdeza janma prakiyA ke sAtha udghATita huaa| Ama zizu cAra dIvArI ke baMda AkAza meM paidA hotA hai vahA~ AcArya mahAprajJa kI zizu AtmA ko ananta AkAza kSitija ke khule vitAna (cauka) meM janma lene kA saubhAgya milaa| mAnoM yaha ghaTanA bAlaka ke bhAvI akUta vikAsa evaM virATtA kA zakuna thii| vijJAna sammata jaina mAnyatAnusAra navajAta zizu meM vyaktitva nirmiti ke kAraka vidyamAna rahate haiN| janmajAta zizu meM bhale hI adRzya para, vIrya rUpa meM aneka zaktiyAM, saMskAra, karma spaMdana vidyamAna rahate haiM, jinheM ananta-ananta kI saMkhyA meM le jAyA jA sakatA hai| vyavahArika jagata meM adhikAMzatayA ye 'yojakastatra durlabha' ke yoga meM prasupta hI raha jAtI haiM para, mahAprajJa isake apavAda bneN| prabuddha zaizava bAlaka nathamala kA zaizava prabuddha jAgRta jJAna cetanAmaya thaa| isakA aMdAjA svayaM mahAprajJa ke kathana se kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'maiM DhAI mAsa kA thA, pitA isa saMsAra se cala bse| merI antarAtmA kahatI hai-maiMne unheM dekhaa| usa samaya kA citra merI A~khoM meM aMkita hai|'48 kyA itanA nanhA zizu spaSTa rUpa se kucha jAna sakatA hai? jijJAsA svAbhAvika hai| para ise kAlpanika athavA asaMbhava bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki 'kalpa sUtra' meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTa ullekha hai| janma ke sAtha tIna jJAna sahita ve isa dharA para avatarita hue| sumerU parvata para eka sau ATha kalazoM se snAna kriyA ke saMbaMdha meM deveMdroM dvArA saMdeha karane para bha. mahAvIra ke zizu deha ne apane paira ke aMgUSTha mAtra se sumerU parvata ko hilA diyaa| pratyakSatayA yaha zizu kI ananta zakti kA udAharaNa bhale hI bhASita ho para isakI pRSThabhUmi meM jJAna cetanA kA spaSTa nidarzana hai| amUlya bodha pATha / 155

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mahAprajJa dvArA nirdiSTa ghaTanA kA saMbaMdha caitasika nirmalatA aura divyatA se hai / ise tarka kI tulA para nahIM taulA jA sktaa| yaha spaSTa smRtyAMkita saccAI thI jo svayaM dRSTA ke lie bhI rahasyamaya rahI hai| etad viSayaka abhivyakti yadA-kadA mahAprajJa karate bhI - 'mujhe yAda hai ki merA janma ghara ke pichale bhAga meM huA thaa| maiM jaba r3hAI mAsa kA thA taba mere pitAjI divaMgata ho gaye the, yaha bhI mujhe yAda hai ye donoM ghaTanAe~ merI smRti meM kyoM haiM, isakI meM tarka saMgata vyAkhyA nahIM de sakatA / 19 kucha zAzvata tathya binA vyAkhyA vizleSaNa ke bhI pratiSThita hote haiM / yaha prAkRtika saccAI bhI hai| jaba avikasita prANI-per3a-paudhe, pazu-pakSI ghaTane vAlI ghaTanA ko avacetana mana meM saMjo sakate haiM to vikasita saMjJI cetanA kyoM nahIM? yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki bAlaka 'nathamala' kI pavitra cetanA meM prAraMbha se hI ghaTane vAlI ghaTanAoM ke citra aMkita hote raheM aura avacetana mana kI bhUmikA para Utara gaye / kucha bhI ho aisI ghaTanAoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa Aja bhI rahasya banA huA hai I bAlyAvasthA meM ghaTane vAlI bAlaka 'nathamala' ke jIvana kI aneka ghaTanAe~ usake prabuddha viveka ko pramANita karatI hai| saMdarbhataH eka ghaTanA kA ullekha ucita hogA / ghaTanA cakra ke samaya bAlaka kI umra nau varSa kI thii| prasaMga thA- cacerI bahina kI zAdI meM zAmila hone 'memanasiMha' (vartamAna baMgalAdeza kA kasbA) meM, mAtA aura cAcA ke sAtha jAte vakta kolakAtA Thaharane kA / nathamala pArivArikajana saha kolakAtA meM apanI buA ke yahA~ rukA huA thA / cAcA aura unakI dukAna ke karmacArI bAjAra sAmAna kharIdane gaye taba bAlaka 'nathamala' unake sAtha ho gyaa| ve dukAnoM meM sAmAna kharIdate rahe, baccA naye pariveza ko nihAratA rahA / sahasA bAlaka rAste meM kahIM dRzya dekhatA raha gyaa| abhibhAvaka Age bar3ha gaye; eka-dUsare kA sAtha chUTa gayA / ekAkI bAlaka ke mana meM na koI bhaya na ciMtA na zoka / dRr3ha manobhAva se eka aisA nirNaya liyA jisakI kalpanA bar3e vyakti bhI bichur3ana kI sthita meM nahIM kara skte| una kSaNoM meM nirNAyaka manaHsthiti kA ullekha svayaM mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- maiM akelA raha gayA / mujhe nahIM patA ki mujhe kahA~ jAnA hai| na koThI kA patA aura na usake naMbara kA patA / para, patA nahIM merI antazcetanA ko ina sabakA kaise patA calA ! mujhe jaba yaha lagA ki maiM akele raha gayA hU~ taba maiMne sabase pahale eka kAma kiyA- maiMne apane hAtha kI ghar3I kholI, gale meM se svarNasUtra ko nikAlA aura donoM ko jeba meM rakha liyaa| maiM pIche mur3A aura ajJAta kI ora cala pdd'aa| mujhe nahIM patA, kahA~ jAnA hai, kahA~ jA rahA hU~ / para antazcetanA ko koI patA thA, maiM ThIka sthAna para pahu~ca gyaa| 5deg yaha ghaTanAcakra bAlaka kI vikasita mAnasikatA kA dyotaka hai| kolakAtA jaise mahAnagara meM parijanoM se bichur3akara bhI binA ghabarAye, abhramita sIdhe nirdhArita sthAna para sakuzala lauTa AnA bAlaka 'nathamala' kI jAgRta prajJA kA camatkAra thaa| jo bAla jagat ke lie eka bodha pATha bana gayA / puNyazlokA mA~ bAlU 'jananI janma bhUmizca svargAdapi garIyasI' - jananI aura janmabhUmi svarga se bar3I hai / kathana ke pUrvAMza ko satyApita karane vAlI mAtA bAlU vizeSatAoM kA saMvAya thI / 'dharma kI gaharI zraddhA, saMyama ke prati jAgarUkatA, pApa bhIrutA, dharma saMgha prati samarpaNa, dUradarzitA kI saghana jyoti kA nAma hai sAdhvI bAlU / samatA, sahiSNutA, vairAgya saha unakI AdhyAtmika AsthA bejor3a thI / ' aisI ratnakukSi mAtA ne 'nathamala' ke rUpa meM naI AsthA ko janma diyaa| mAtA kevala janma pradAtrI nahIM saMskAra 156 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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nirmAtrI bhI hotI hai, yaha sAbita kara dikhAyA / mahAprajJa ne adhyAtma kI jina U~cAiyoM ko chUA usakA mUla zreya mA~ bAlU ko hai / mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- 'maiM apane jIvana nirmANa meM saMskAradAtrI mAtA ke yoga ko bahuta mUlyavAna mAnatA huuN|' yaha svIkRta saca hai ki saMtAna ke saMskAra nirmANa meM mAtA kA viziSTa yogadAna hotA hai / vaha saMtAna meM vAMchita saMskAra bIjoM kA vapana kara sakatI hai| mAtA bAlU ne mana-vacana-karma se bAlaka 'nathamala' ke avacetana mana meM kucha aise alokika adhyAtmika saMskAra prakSipta kiyeM jinakA spaSTa prabhAva mahAprajJa ke jIvana darzana meM pratibimbita thA / mAtA bAlU dhArmika saMskAroM se bhigI huI kuzala gRhaNI thI / niyati ne usakI parIkSA kI - pati kI akasmAta mRtyu ho gayI / mAnoM paristhitiyoM kA pahAr3a TUTa pdd'aa| pati kA viyoga, putrI kA sasurAla meM kaSTapUrNa jIvana, choTI putrI kuMvArI, putra choTA, pArivArika dbaav| isa sArI sthitiyoM ko usane bar3e dhairya aura sAhasa ke sAtha jhelaa| apanA saMtulana kabhI nahIM khoyA / pArivArika jimmedAriyoM kA vahana karate hue gRhakArya se nivRtta hone para apanA sArA samaya dharmArAdhanA meM bitAtI / brahmamuhUrta meM niyamita jaldI 3-4 baje uThakara sAmAyika - svAdhyAya, Atma ciMtana kiyA karatI thiiN| mAtA ke isa AdhyAtmika anuSThAna kA asara zizu ke bAla mAnasa meM samAtA gyaa| soye hue bAlaka meM saMskAra saMpreSaNa kI yaha adbhuta kalA saphala huii| supta, ardha jAgRta aura jAgRta avasthA meM mAtA se mileM ye adhyAtmika saMskAra bAlaka 'nathamala' ke jIvana kI anamola dharohara bana gye| isakI puSTi mahAprajJa ke kathana se hotI hai- 'mAtA ne mujhe adhyAtma ke saMskAra diye / bacapana kI bAta mujhe yAda hai, jaba rAtri ke pichale prahara meM gAtI thIM- 'saMta bhIkhaNajI ro samaraNa kIjai / ' caubIsI - ArAdhanA ke bola unake dvArA mere bhItara jamate ge|" mAtA ke prati ahobhAva bhare bola, kRtajJatA se uparata mahAprajJa sAttvika garva ke sAtha kahate - 'mere nirmANa meM merI mA~ sAdhvI bAlUjI kA bahuta bar3A hAtha thaa|' eka bAra mahAprajJa kA tArkika mana jijJAsu banakara unase ( mAtA - sAdhvI bAlUjI) pUcha baiThA - 'bacapana meM mujhe kyA saMskAra diye the?' samAhita karate hue sAdhvI bAlUjI ne batAyA pratidina sAdhu darzana kI preraNA detI thI, sAdhu-darzana ke binA kalevA (nAztA) nahIM detI thI / satya bolane para bala detI thI / jApa karanA sikhAtI thI / sunakara mahAprajJa kA hRdaya bola uThA inhIM saMskAroM ke kAraNa maiM zraddhAzIla bana gyaa| bAlUjI kA viveka bahuta prakhara thA / unakI vivekazakti ne mujhe sadA svastha banAe rkhaa| mere AhAra-vihAra kA ve bahuta dhyAna rakhatI thI / spaSTIkaraNa meM likhA- 'maiM eka choTe se gA~va meM janmA / vahA~ vikAsa ke sAdhana bahuta sImita the| mA~ kI viveka cetanA vikasita thI / vaha sadA dhyAna rakhatI ki kaba khAnA cAhie? kyA aura kitanA khAnA cAhie? kisa samaya khelanA cAhie? 52 isa maMtavya meM mAtR jagat ke utaradAyitva evaM saMtAna ke kRtkRtya bhAva kI yuti hai jo mAtA-putra donoM ke caitasika vaiziSTya kA nidarzana karatI hai / * - . pitA kA sAyA bahuta pahale hI uTha cukA thA para prabuddha mAtRtva ne bAlaka 'nathamala' ko usakI kabhI kamI na khalane dii| mAtA ne apane dohare dAyitva kA vahana bar3I kuzalatA se kiyA / putra kA pAlana-poSaNa, vAtsalya aura kartavya bhAva ke sAtha pyAra-dulAra se kiyA / puSTi meM eka ghaTanA prasaMga kA ullekha aucitya pUrNa hogA ghara-A~gana meM apanI dUsarI bahina kI zAdI thii| khuzI aura umaMga kA mAhaula thaa| bAla lIlA amUlya bodha pATha / 157

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meM magna bAlaka 'nathamala' ke mana meM eka taraMga uThI aura sahasA A~khoM para rUmAla bAMdhakara calane lgaa| daravAje ke nikaTa pahu~cate-pahu~cate sira bhitti se TakarAyA aura ThIka lalATa ke madhya bhAga meM coTa lgii| khUna nikala AyA / vyasta mAhaula meM kisI ne dhyAna nahIM diyaa| jora-jora se rote hue bAlaka 'nathamala' apanI mA~ ke pAsa pahu~cA / mAtA ne hAtha ke kArya ko zIghra chor3akara putra ke sira para upacAra pUrvaka paTTI bA~dhI aura sahalAte hue bolI- 'Aja terA bhAgya khula gayA, ciMtA mata kara, ro mt| saba ThIka ho jaayegaa| mA~ ke mukha se nikalA vAtsalya bharA AzIrvAda bAlaka ke lie amiTa varadAna bana gayA / varadAna phalita huA ki bAlaka 'nathamala' mAtra sAr3he dasa varSa kI alpAyu meM pratisrotagAmI bana zAzvata satya kI khoja meM juTa gyaa| jo umra Ama bacce ke lie khela-kUda, moja-mastI kI hotI hai usa samaya bAlaka nathamala ne Adya zaMkarAcArya kA smaraNa karavAte hue naye itihAsa kA sRjana kiyA / gRhatyAgI kaThora vratadhArI saMyamI sAdhanA mArga meM dIkSita ho gyaa| mAtA bAlU ne putra ke sAtha saMyama mArga ko aMgIkAra kiyA / dIkSita ke lie guru dRSTi kI ArAdhanA jIvana-nirmANa meM yogabhUta banatI hai / samarpita kI saMyama saMpadA dvItiyA ke cA~da kI kalAvat bar3hatI hI jAtI hai / guru ke prati pUrNa samarpaNa evaM kartavya bodha kI maulika zikSA sAdhvI mAtA bAlUjI apane saMnyasta beTe bAla muni nathamala ko yadA-kadA detI rahatI thii| ve tIna bAtoM para bala detI thii| 'gurU ke prati samarpaNa, AcAra-vicAra meM jAgarUkatA aura anuzAsana evaM maryAdA kA samyak pAlana / ' mAtA kI sat preraNA ne putra ke saMyamI jIvana ko AdarzavAn banAne meM ananya bhUmikA nibhAI / AcArya mahAprajJa mAtA ke isa upakAra ko bar3e ahobhAva se kahate - gurudeva ke prati samarpita rahane meM mAtA ne pUrA yoga diyaa| ve hamezA yahI kahatI - 'gurudeva kI dRSTi ko hamezA dhyAna meM rakhanA / gurudeva kI dRSTi ke pratikUla kabhI koI kArya mata karanA / hama para AcArya zrI kA bahuta upakAra hai| ApakA nirmANa unake hAthoM huA hai| unhoMne Apa para bahuta zrama kiyA hai| usase uRNa nahIM huA jA sktaa| Apako sadA unake prati kRtajJa rahanA hai| 54 mAtA kI isa neka sIkha se muni 'nathamala' ke Antarika vinaya samarpaNa ke saMskAra ko sadaiva poSaNa milatA rahA / ina saMskAroM kI badaulata hI eka sAmAnya buddhi vAlA muni mahAprajJa kI ucca bhUmikA para AsIna huA / sAdhvI mAtA bAlU ke prati mahAprajJa ke pronnata vicAra nizciya rUpa se santAna varga ke lie mananIya hai| unhoMne mAtuzrI ke prati yahA~ taka kaha diyA- 'merI mA~ kA mere para bahuta bar3A upakAra hai| merI mA~ vAstava meM mA~ hI thii| aisA prabuddha mAtRtva kisI-kisI mahilA meM hI milatA hai / ' aisA hI kathana gAMdhI ne apane mAtA-pitA ke sneha ke saMbaMdha meM kahA thA / mahApurUSoM kI yaha mahAnatA hotI hai ki ve apane mAtA-pitA ke upakAra ko kabhI vismRta nahIM karate haiN| mAtA-pitA ke RNa se saMtAna kA uRNa honA duSkara hai| para mahAprajJa ko isa viSaya kA AtmatoSa thA ki ve apanI mAtA ke RNa se mukta bana paaye| kaise? kA samAdhAna mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM milatA hai - mAtA kA RNa bahuta thaa| unakA mere nirmANa meM bahuta bar3A hAtha thA / pUjya kAlUgaNI - mere dIkSA guru ne unheM sAdhvI banAkara mujhe RNamukta kara diyaa| gurudeva zrI tulasI ne sevA kA avasara dilAkara mujhe RNamukta kara diyaa| mAtA aura guru se saMbaMdhita do mahattvapUrNa sUtroM kA jikra mahAprajJa ne isI prasaMga meM kiyaa| mere jIvana ke do hI sUtra the * * maiM jo kucha karU~, usase pahale socU~ ki isakA gurudeva ke mana para kyA asara hogA ? maiM aisA kArya na karU~, jisase sAdhvI bAlUjI ke mana para anyathA asara ho / 158 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ina do sUtroM ne hI mujhe samaya-samaya para Age bar3hane meM yoga diyA hai| nizcita rUpa se guru evaM mAtA ke prati sammAna meM bane isa lakSya ne mahAprajJa ke lie vikAsa kA anUThA dvAra udghATita kiyA / mAtA bAlU kI viveka saMpannatA kI chApa mahAprajJa ke hRdaya meM tAumra a~kita rahI / tathya ko prastuti milI - 'viveka cetanA kA vikAsa nisarga se hotA hai / sAdhvI zrI bAlUjI sAkSara thiiN| par3hAI kI koI upAdhi unake pAsa nahIM thI para viveka cetanA bahuta vikasita thI / usI ke AdhAra para ve hitAhita kA saMjJAna karatI thIM / gRhastha kA jIvana viveka ke sAtha jiiyaa| pati kA viyoga ho jAne para eka putra aura do putriyoM kA pAlana-poSaNa samajhadArI ke sAtha kiyA / saMyama kA jIvana viveka ke sAtha jiiyaa| maiM praNata hU~ usa viveka cetanA ke prati / ' mahAprajJa kI jAgRta prajJA kA mUla AdhAra mAtA bAlU kA viveka hai / jisane sadaiva hitazikSA ke dvArA apane putra kA patha prazasta kiyA / mahAprajJa ko janma dene vAlI maNidhara mAtA sAdhvI bAlUjI ke saMdarbha meM AcArya tulasI ne kahA - 'sAdhvI bAlUjI kI saba se bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne hameM eka aise bAlaka ko diyA hai, jo apanI prajJA aura pratibhA se dharma zAsana kI acchI sevA kara rahA hai| muni nathamala ( mahAprajJa ) sacamuca bhAgyazAlI haiM, jo apanI mAtA ke RNa se mukta ho gaye / ' ye vicAra AcArya tulasI ne sAdhvI bAlUjI ke samAdhimaya jIvana yAtrA kI parisampannatA para kahe the| mahAprajJa ke jIvana meM jo vaiziSTya thA - vyavasthita dinacaryA, puSkala medhA, saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA, aMtardRSTi jAgaraNa ityAdi / ina mahanIyatA ke niyAmaka tattvoM kA mUla utsa mA~ bAlU ke jIvanavRta meM spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / isakA pukhtA pramANa hai sAdhvI bAlUjI ke saMbaMdha meM kI gaI mahAprajJa kI TippaNI - zraddhA kA artha kyA hai? isakA bodha karAtI thI unakI jIvana caryA / pustakIya jJAna ke abhAva meM bhI kitanA jAgRta hotA hai antarjJAna, aMtardRSTi-isakA udAharaNa thA unakA nirmala mastiSka / saMkalpazakti aura saMyama eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM / yaha pramANita kara rahA thA unakA samagra jIvana / merI mA~ sAdhvI bAlUjI ne vizeSatA kA jIvana jIyA / vaha preraka banA rhegaa| isa kathana meM aupacArikatA se uparata eka saccAI kA nidarzana hai / mahAprajJa ne svIkArA hai- 'unakA jIvana mere lie eka Aloka razmi rhaa| ve sadA gaMbhIra cintana karatIM / chichalApana unheM kabhI pasaMda nahIM thaa|' yaha mahAprajJa ke ciMtana-maMthana maulika vizeSatA bhI rahI hai / videha mAtA kA sukhada sAyA putra para barakarAra rahA / isakI anubhUti mahAprajJa jI ko yadAkadA hotI bhI thI / vyavahAra jagata meM unake zabdoM se pratIti kI jA sakatI hai| mahAprajJa ne likhA hai - vikAsa ke aneka kArya unake svargavAsa ke bAda prAraMbha hue haiM / unameM mAtuzrI kI parokSa sAkSI yA sAnnidhya nahIM hai, yaha maiM nahIM maantaa| adhyAtma sAdhanA kendra, dillI meM ghaTita ghaTanA Aja bhI mere lie AzcaryapUrNa prazna banI huI hai / merI mA~ kA jIvana mere lie preraka rahA hai, rhegaa| rahasyavid loga kahate haiM - Apako apanI mAtA kA sAnnidhya milA huA hai / ve AtI haiM Apa unheM pahacAna pAte haiM yA nahIM yaha patA nahIM / ve mere lie ajJAta nahIM haiM isalie sAkSAt hai / " kathana isa bAta kA sabUta hai ki jananI jagata kI amiTa preraNAe~ pratyakSa rUpa se to hotI hI hai, para parokSa rUpa se bhI ho sakatI hai| mAtA bAlU kA apAra vAtsalya, anavarata jAgarUka vyavahAra, saMgha aura saMghapati ke prati sarvAtmanA samarpaNa kI jIvanta preraNA ne abodha bAlaka ko subodha banAyA / vizeSa rUpa saMskAra ghU~TI ke bataura amUlya bodha pATha / 159

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mAtA se mile adhyAtma ke unnata saMskAra bAlaka 'nathamala' meM sahasraguNita hokara nikhre| jisakA virATa rUpa dharmacakravartI AcArya mahAprajJa kI mahanIya prajJA meM dekhA gayA hai| __ choTe se avikasita gA~va meM janmA bAlaka vipula kSamatAoM ke vikAsa kA svAmI banegA aisA kauna jAnatA thA usa samaya, para yaha saccAI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne vaizvika samasyAoM kA adhyAtma kI gaharAiyoM meM upayukta samAdhAna kiyaa| AdibhUta adhyAtma kA bIja vapana mA~ bAlU ne putra ke bAla mAnasa para kiyA thaa| vibhinna rUpoM meM mAtA kI mahanIya bhUmikA mahAprajJa nirmANa meM mukhara huii| anupama bhaginI mAlU zAsanazrI sAdhvI mAlUjI ko AcArya mahAprajJa kI bar3I bahina hone kA saubhAgya milaa| yadyapi dIkSA paryAya meM vo choTI thIM, para muni nathamala ne sadaiva unako AdarAspada dRSTi se dekhaa| 'sAdhvI mAlUjI kA jIvana RjutA, tapasyA, japa, dhyAna aura AtmalInatA kI jyoti se ujjvala aura prakAzamAna hai| tumhArI saMyama niSThA adhyAtma-niSThA anukaraNIya hai| dina-rAta svAdhyAya, dhyAna meM lIna rahanA bahuta bar3I sAdhanA hai| bhItara kI jyoti ho tabhI yaha saMbhava hai|' mahAprajJa ke isa kathana meM yathArtha kA nidarzana hai| sAdhvI mAlUjI kA AdhyAtmika vyaktitva nikharA huA thaa| mauna unakA svAbhAvika vrata thA aura kaSAya sahaja upshaant| unakA jIvana yugaliyoM kI sahaja smRti karAne vAlA thaa| mahAprajJa kI bhASA meM vo 'anupama' sAdhvI thii| unake naisargika guNoM ne svayaM mahAprajJa ko prabhAvita aura prerita kiyaa| isakA pramANa ye paMkti hai-'unakI karUNA mere bhItara sajIva hai| unakI mRdutA bhI prANavAna hai|'7 AcArya mahAprajJa ke vikAsa kI mUka prerikA sAdhvI mAlUjI ke prati unakA ahobhAva kitanA prANavAna rahA isake saMdarbha kA yaha kathana hI paryApta hai-'tuma mAtuzrI bAlU jI ke sthAna para rahI ho| tumhArI nirmala bhAvanA aura japa sAdhanA ne mujhe bala diyA hai|' AtmatoSa kI sAkSIbhUta ina paMktiyoM kA virAT saMdarbha prayoktA hI jaane| para, yaha saccAI hai ki mahAprajJa ne apanI jyeSThA bhaginI sAdhvI mAlUjI kI aneka vizeSatAoM ko sthAyI preraNA ke rUpa meM saMjoyA aura use jIyA hai| rAga se virAga kI ora AtmA meM ananta zakti kI vidyamAnatA adhyAtma aura vijJAna dvArA samAna rUpa se svIkRta hai| maulika prazna hai usake udghATana kA? sakArAtmaka bhASA meM cetanA ke bhItara chipI saMbhAvanAoM ko AkAra diyA jA sakatA hai, para unheM kuredana kSamatA kA yoga mile tb| yaha yoga hI durlabha hai| bAlaka 'nathamala' kI bhavyAtmA ko saubhAgya se apanI kSamatAoM ko jagAne kA avasara milaa| jIvana kA eka dazaka pUrNa hote hI suyoga banA ki muni chabIlajI evaM muni mUlacanda jI ne bAlaka nathamala, pyAra kA nAma 'natthU' ko muni banane kI halkI-sI preraNA dii| preraNA pAkara bAlaka ke bhItara chipe saMyama ke saMskAra AkAra lene ke lie utphulla ho utthe| usa samaya kI manaHsthiti kA citraNa karate hue mahAprajJa ne likhA- muni dvaya se muni banane kI preraNA pAkara merA antaHkaraNa jhaMkRta-sA ho gayA, jaise koI bIja aMkurita honA cAhatA ho usa para pAnI kI phuhAreM gira jaae| jaise merA antarmana muni bananA cAhatA ho aura usako preraNA kI hI pratIkSA ho|' isa kathana meM caitasika dazA kA spaSTa pratibimba hai ki usakI sataha kitanI svaccha-nirmala thii| sahaja rUpa meM milI preraNA se rAga ke saMskAroM kA virAga meM vilayana ho gyaa| bacapana se hI prakRtibhadra sarala svabhAvI, chala prapaJca se mukta bAlaka 'natthU' AtmA kA nAtha banane ke lie samudyata ho gyaa| 160 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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parivartana evaM nava nirmANa aprApya ko pAne, ajJeya ko jJeya banAne ke lie bAlaka kI cetanA caMcala ho utthii| saMnyAsa svIkaraNa kI bhAvanA balavatI bana gii| sAMsArika duHkhoM kI zRMkhalAyeM tor3ane ke lie samudyata bAlaka 'nathamala ' kizorAvasthA ke gyArahaveM basaMta (101/2 varSa kI umra ) meM janma pradAtrI mAtA ke sAtha mAgha zuklA dasamI, vi.saM0 1987 ko pUjyapAda aSTamAcArya kAlUgaNIrAja ke karakamaloM se dIkSita ho gayA / saMyama jIvana kA varadAna milate hI abhinava bhAgyodaya kA ravi udita ho gayA / pUjyapAda - saMyama pradAtA ke sAtha jaise hI nava dIkSita bAlamuni sthAna para Aye, Adeza milA - 'tuma tulasI ke pAsa jAo, vahIM tumhArI zikSA-dIkSA hogii|' guru kA yaha Adeza muni 'nathamala' kI saMyama - yAtrA kA zubha zakuna thA / nizcita rUpa se muni tulasI kI chatrachAyA meM nava jIvana yAtrA kI zuruAta bhAvI vikAsa kI pratIka thI / dIkSA gurU kA varad hasta nirmANa kI saraNI para ArUr3ha jIvana nAnA paristhitiyoM se gujaratA hai / pratyeka sthiti apane padacApa chor3a jAtI hai / yaha manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki snehila vAtAvaraNa meM bAlaka ke kSamatA vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAe~ bar3ha jAtI haiM / tAr3anA meM kSamatAe~ kuMThita ho jAtI haiM / tAr3anA paristhiti vizeSa meM hone vAlI vivazatA hai / sneha manuSya kA naisargika guNa hai| sneha kI bhAvanA ke sAtha jala kA siMcana pA eka paudhA bhI lahalahA uThatA hai taba manuSya kI bAta hI kyA ! isa saMdarbha meM mahAprajJa ne khuda ko kasauTI para kasate hue kahA- 'maiMne tAr3anA bahuta kama pAyI aura sneha bahuta adhika pAyA / vikAsa kA nimitta pAne meM maiM sacamuca saubhAgyazAlI hU~ / ' vizeSa rUpa se AcArya kAlUgaNI kI karuNApUrita dRSTi pAkara bAla muni kA anavarata vikAsa prazasta hotA gayA / mahAprajJa ne isa tathya kI puSTi kI; 'pUjya kAlUgaNI kA mere para asIma upakAra rahA hai| unhoMne saMyama jIvana pradAna kiyaa| unakA vAtsalya, sneha aura kRpA mere jIvana nirmANa meM mahattvapUrNa rahI hai / ' yaha bhI anubhava rahA ki binA tAr3anA tarjanA, AMtarika bhAvanAoM ko samajhate hue bAla ziSyoM kA samyak nirmANa karanA kAlUgaNIrAja kI virala vizeSatA thI / snehila - karuNAdRSTi se sugama anuzAsana zailI vyaktitva kA nirmANa karanA adbhuta kalA hai| manovaijJAnika tarIke se khAmiyoM kA pariSkAra karate hue vyaktitva kA ucita nirmANa karanA bar3A durUha kArya hai para, kAlUgaNIrAja isameM bar3e dakSa the| bAla sulabha capalatAvaza akAraNa hAsya koI bar3I khAmI nahIM para jIvana nirmANa kI dRSTi se yaha kamajora pakSa bhI hai| bAla muni 'nathamala' apane saMgI-sAthI hamaumra muniyoM ke sAtha yadA-kadA parivartana evaM nava nirmANa / 161

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akAraNa hI haMsa pdd'te| pUjya kAlUgaNIrAja ne isa akAraNa hAsya vRtti para niyaMtraNa karane ke lie manovaijJAnika nuskhA apanAte hue eka zloka sikhAyA 'bAla sakhitvamakAraNa hAsyaM, strISu vivaadmsjjnsevaa| gardabhayAnamasaMskRtavANI, SaTsu naro lghutaamupyaati||'' arthAt choTe baccoM ko mitra banAnA, binA prayojana haMsanA, striyoM ke sAtha vivAda karanA, durjana AdamI se saMparka rakhanA, gadhe kI savArI karanA, asabhya bhASA bolanA-ye bAteM AdamI ko laghu banAtI hai| isa jAduI prazikSaNa pUrvaka anuzAsanAtmaka kAravAI se bAla muni 'nathamala' ke bhItara akAraNa hAsya kI vRtti para virAma laga gyaa| ___nirmeya kI pratyeka kriyA para sUkSma najara rakhanA nirmAtA ke kauzala kA dyotaka hai| prasaMga thA suMdara hastalipi kaa| Aja se sAta dazaka pUrva sundara hastalipi kA mUlya mAtra jJAna surakSA ke lie thA para vartamAna meM hastalipi vyaktitva aMkana kA perAmITara bhI hai| akSara vinyAsa kalA ke AdhAra para saMpUrNa vyaktitva kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| kAlUgaNI ne sabhI bAla-saMtoM ko sundara hastalipi ke lie prerita kiyaa| ekadA sabhI bAla-saMtoM kI hastalipi dekhii| mahAprajJa ke samavayaska evaM sahapAThI sAdhuoM kI lipi sundara aura sughar3a thii| bAla mani 'nathamala' kI hastalipi ko dekhA, maskurAe, lekina kahA kucha bhI nhiiN| pAsa meM baiThe maMtrI muni maganalAla jI ne TippaNI kI-'nAthUjI ke akSara to chata para sukhAne jaise haiN|' usa samaya chata para upale (gobara ke poThe) sukhAye jAte the, akSara bhI vaise hI Ter3he-mer3he the| isa ghaTanA prasaMga se bAla muni 'nathamala' kA bauddhika taMtra AMdolita hI nahIM huA, saMkalpita bana gyaa| prayatna zurU huA-maiM kisI se pIche nahIM rhuuNgaa| puruSArtha kA dIpa prajvalita ho utthaa| kucha varSa bAda pAlI meM 'pArzvanAtha stotra' kI pratilipi kii| pUjya kAlUgaNI use dekha prasannacitta bole-aba tumhArI lipi ThIka ho gayI hai| gurU ke zrImukha se yaha sunakara kizora muni kA mana vizvasta ho gyaa| isa taraha bAlamuni ke bhItara chipI kSamatAoM ko sakArAtmaka protsAhana milane se vikAsa kA mArga prazasta banatA gyaa| vyasta dinacaryA meM avakAza ke svalpa kSaNoM kA niyojana pUjya kAlUgaNI bAla saMtoM ke vyaktitva nirmANa meM krte| unakA sunahalA svapna thA bhAvI pIr3hI kA uttama nirmaann| phursata ke kSaNoM meM ve bAla muniyoM ko apane pAsa biThAkara unase vividha prakAra ke prazna pUchate, tattva samajhAte, dohA-soraThA Adi bhI sikhlaate| ekadA eka dohA bAla muniyoM ko kaMThastha karavAyA hara Dara gura Dara gAma ura, Dara karaNI meM saar| talasI Dare so Ubarai, gAphila khAvai maar||60 arthAt bhagavAna se Daro, guru se Daro, gAMva se ddro| bhaya nikammA nahIM hai| bhaya meM bahuta sAra hai| jo DaratA hai, vaha baca jAtA hai| jo nahIM DaratA hai, vaha mAra khAtA hai| ___ gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI ke nAma se anabhijJa muni 'nathamala' evaM sAthI muni 'buddhamalla' ne apane tarIke se artha nikAlA-adhyApaka muni tulasI se jo DaratA hai, vaha apanA uddhAra karatA hai| isa dohe ko sIkhane ke pazcAt donoM muni adhyApaka muni tulasIrAmajI se jyAdA Darane lge| pUjya kAlUgaNI dvArA sahajabhAva se sikhAye isa dohe ne muni 'nathamala' ke bhItara racanAtmaka bhaya raca ddaalaa| pariNAmataH 162 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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aneka prakAra ke samAdhAna mile, vikAsa kA abhinava mArga prazasta ho gyaa| aneka burAiyoM se bacanA sugama ho gyaa| __'bailA rA bAyA motI nipajai' ukti ke anusAra ucita samaya para boyA gayA saMskAra-bIja vyaktitva nirmANa meM yogabhUta banatA hai| AcArya kAlUgaNI ne kucha aise bIja samaya para muni 'nathamala' kI jIvana bhUmi para boye| udAharaNa ke taura para eka prasaMga kA ullekha upayukta hogaa| eka dina AcArya kAlUgaNI ne kizora muni 'nathamala' se pUchA-'dhAtukoSa sIkhA yA nahIM?' nakArAtmaka 'nahIM' uttara sunakara prerita kiyA-'use sIkhanA abhI zurU karo, aura sAtha-sAtha prAkRta kA AThavAM adhyAya bhI prAraMbha kara do|' vinaya bhAva se guru kA Adeza svIkRta kara liyaa| dhAtu koza kA jJAna mahAprajJa kI jJAna cetanA ko jagAne evaM AgamoM kI anaMta gaharAiyoM ko chUne meM yogabhUta bnaa| kAlAMtara meM gurU ke isa Adeza ko mahAprajJa ne AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM rekhAMkita karate hue kahA-'agara usa samaya prAkRta kA adhyayana nahIM hotA to Aja Agama kA durUha kArya hAtha meM nahIM le paate| guru ke Adeza-iMgita ko ahobhAva ke sAtha zirodhArya kA varadAna milA-anavarata Agama battIsI kA sNpaadn| muni 'nathamala' kI vyaktitva niramApaka pratyeka kriyA-kalApa para AcArya kAlUgaNI dhyAna kendrita krte| gamana kriyA bAhya vyaktitva kA abhinna aMga hai| vyakti kI cAla-calana se usake vyaktitva na kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se bAla muni 'nathamala' kI cAla (gati) samucita na ho yaha najaraaMdAja kaise kiyA jAtA? isa dizA kA prazikSaNa svayaM kAlUgaNI ne kiyaa| mahAprajJa ne isa saccAI ko svIkArA-merI gati vyavasthita nahIM thii| maiM calatA to mere paira idhara-udhara pdd'te| dopahara ke samaya jaba ekAnta hotA, taba pUjya kAlUgaNI kahate-tuma clo| maiM calatA, taba unakA nirdeza milatA-paira ThIka DhaMga se rkho| na jAne kitanI bAra kAlUgaNI ne calane kA abhyAsa kraayaa| maiM mAnatA hU~, yaha mujhe gatimAn banAne kA hI prayatna thaa| kathana ke saMdarbha meM upalAkSaNika taura para samyak gatimAna caraNoM ne lAkhoM logoM ko adhyAtma ke rAjapatha para gatimAna banAyA, yaha usa gati prazikSaNa kA supariNAma hai| guru se mile vAtsalya aura karuNA ke prasAda ko muni nathamala ne zraddhA aura samarpaNa bhAva se sahejA aura satat bar3hate rhe| pUjya kAlUgaNI ne mAtra saMyama kA saMskAra hI nahIM diyA apitu jIvana ke pratyeka kSaNa ko sArthaka karane kI zakti bhI dii| isa preraNA-protsAhana ke badaulata eka abodha bAlaka 'nathamala' meM anupameya vyaktitva kA nirmANa ghaTita ho gyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa kA anupamavyaktitva vikAsa kI anaMta saMbhAvanAoM kA sAkSI bhUta upanaya sAbita huaa| tulasI kA suyoga ___ 'guru brahmA, guru viSNu, guru sAkSAt mahezvara' kA sAkSAt anubhava mahAprajJa ne tulasI kI sannidhi meM kiyaa| yaha mAtra upacAra nahIM mahAprajJa kA bhogA huA saca thaa| muni nathamala ko sAdhanAmaya jIvana kA zrIgaNeza muni tulasI ke kuzala nirdezana meM karane kA saubhAgya milaa| saubhAgya samaya kA saMsparza pAkara guNita hotA gayA aura eka dina vikAsa ke zikhara ko chU gyaa| talahaTI se zikharArohaNa kA zreya muni 'nathamala' ne AcArya tulasI ko diyaa| anuzAstA tulasI ke binA mahAprajJa ke virAT vyaktitva kI saMkalpanA adhUrI hogii| AcArya tulasI kA hI apUrva anuzAsana kauzala thA jisameM mahAprajJa kI mahA-pratimA kA nirmANa niSpanna huaa| kavi hRdaya se nikalI zera kI paMktiyA~ sArthaka banIM parivartana evaM nava nirmANa / 163

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'buto! zAbAza hai tumako, tarakkI isako kahate haiM, agara na tarAze to patthara the, tarAze to khudA tthhre|' devayoga se nirmAtA ke anuzAsana kauzala meM kisa kadara mahAprajJa kI mahA pratibhA kA prasphuTana huA, varNanAtIta hai| etad viSayaka prastuti svayaM mahAprajJa bhI zabdAtIta anubhava krte| unakA yaha mAnanA thA-'nirmANa kA phaulAdI saMkalpa muni tulasI kA thaa| koI niyati kA yoga hI thA ki eka aisA vyakti hAtha meM A gayA, jo gA~va meM janmA huA, prakRti se sarala, jisane kabhI vidyAlaya kA daravAjA nahIM dekhA aura jo aMtarikSa kA jala hI pItA rhaa| kitanA kaThina thA aise abodha bAlaka kI pratibhA kA nirmaann| jJAta-ajJAta preraNA se eka saMkalpa bana gayA ki yaha kArya bhale hI kaThina hai, phira bhI mujhe (tulasI) karanA hai| kArya prAraMbha ho gyaa| kaThinAiyoM ke bAvajUda nirmANa ke hAtha apanI chenI calAte rhe| Akhira eka dina nirmANa kauzala janatA ke samakSa sAkAra ho gyaa| eka abodha bAlaka ko prabuddhatA ke uccAsana para AsIna kara denA kyA vizva kA mahAn Azcarya nahIM hai|' isa Azcarya kI pRSThabhUmi meM mukhara hai-sarvAtmanA smrpnn| mahAprajJa kI saphalatA kA yahI rAja thaa| AcArya mahAprajJa kahA karate-'maiM mAnatA hU~, mere jIvana kI saphalatA kA eka sUtra thA-maiMne muni tulasI aura AcArya tulasI ko guru rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| maiM vaisA koI bhI kAma nahIM karU~gA? jisase muni tulasI aura AcArya tulasI aprasanna hoN| isa sUtra ne mujhe bAra-bAra ubArA aura merA patha prazasta kiyaa|'62 sarvAtmanA samarpaNa kI rAhoM meM uThane vAle manodvega ko muni nathamala aprabhAvI karate hue lakSya bhedI sAdhanA meM satat gatimAna baneM rhe| mahAprajJa ne akhaMDa samarpaNa ko sAdhA aura phira se gItA ke sthitaprajJa kI yAda dilvaayii| yaha unakI bhAvI bhavitavyatA kA mahAsetu bana gyaa| prazikSaNa ke prAraMbhika dinoM meM pratidina dazavaikAlika sUtra (jaina Agama) kI do-tIna gAthAeM bar3I muzkila se kaMThastha karane vAle bAla muni 'nathamala' ke bAre meM koI kalpanA nahIM kara sakatA ki inameM kSamatAoM kA ajasra pravAha vidyamAna hai? kucha hI dinoM meM vidyA guru tulasI ke prayatna se yaha saMkhyA 30-40 gAthAoM taka pahu~ca gyii| samajha kI aparipakva sthiti meM muni 'nathamala' adhyApaka muni tulasI ke samakSa vicitra prazna khar3A kara dete| 'kAlU kaumudI' (saMskRta vyAkaraNa graMtha) kI sAdhanikA meM svarA~ta puliMga kA 'jina' eka zabda hai| usakI prathamA vibhakti ke ekavacana meM 'si' pratyaya kA yoga karane para 'jina' rUpa banatA hai| yaha bAta muni 'nathamala' ke samajha meM nahIM aaii| prazna kara DAlA-'jina' zabda ke sAtha 'si' pratyaya hI kyoM jor3A jAe? 'ti' kyo nahIM jor3a sakate? aisA behudA tarka sanakara mani talasI bola uThe-'kyA tama bhI kabhI samajha pAoge?' mAno prazikSaka ke pratiprazna ne muni 'nathamala' ke bhItarI samajha meM siharana paidA kara dii| pariNAmataH bauddhika samajha ke sAtha hI mAnasika samajha kA dvAra khula gyaa| yaha ekamAtra zreSTha gurU ke saMyoga kA varadAna thaa| apane nirmANa se bekhabara muni 'nathamala' ne pUrNa nizcitatA kA jIvana jiiyaa| isakI puSTi unake zabdoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai- 'maiMne kabhI apane jIvana meM cintA nahIM kii| mujhe kyA karanA hai, kyA khAnA hai, kahA~ rahanA hai, kahA~ sonA hai, ina sabakI maiMne kabhI koI cintA nahIM kii| jaba ciMtA karane vAlA koI dUsarA hai to maiM cintA kyoM karU~?' samarpaNa ke isa alabhya udAharaNa ne ekalavya kI smRti phira se krvaaii| akhaMDa samarpaNa kI dhurA para cetanA para Aye AvaraNa ko haTanA pdd'aa| medhA kA 164 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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prasphuTana huA aura eka dina sabhI sahapAThI sAthiyoM meM muni 'nathamala' avvala ghoSita ho gye| anuzAsana eka kalA hai| usakA zilpI yaha jAnatA hai ki kaba kahA jAe aura kaba sahA jAe? sarvatra kahA hI jAe to dhAgA TUTa jAtA hai aura sarvatra sahA hI jAe to vaha hAtha se chUTa jAtA hai| bauddhika vikAsa ke lie eka saMtulita vAtAvaraNa caahie| adhyayana kAla meM muni tulasI kA samucita anuzAsana pAkara vidyArthI sAdhu gati se pragati kI ora bddh'te| komalatA aura kaThoratA ke samanvita prayoga se mahAprajJa ke bhItara chipI zaktiyA~ prakaTa huii| jaba kabhI muni 'nathamala' adhyayana ke prati be-paravAha banate, pramAda karate taba-taba unheM kaI prakAra se anuzAsasita karane ke prayoga apanAye jaate| unameM AdhA ghaMTA khar3e rahane kA daMDa bhI sammilita thA jo bAla muni ke lie asahya-sA thaa| isase aneka prakAra ke vikalpa utthte| para jIvana nirmAtA ke prati pUrNa samarpaNa bhAva se anuzAsana kabhI bhAra nahIM lagA balki upahAra siddha huaa| kAlAMtara meM mahAprajJa ne apane anubhava ko batAyA-zabdoM ke uccAraNa kAla meM hama haMsa pdd'te| taba hamArA pATha baMda ho jaataa| kizorAvasthA kI kucha jaTila AdatoM ko yadi manovaijJAnika DhaMga se na samhAlA jAtA to zAyada hama bahuta nahIM par3ha paate| isa kathana meM saccAI kA svIkaraNa hai| jo bahata kama loga kara pAte haiN| mahAprajJa ne sahRdaya bhAva vibhora hokara batalAyA- maiM yaha saubhAgya mAnatA hU~ ki hamAre prati zikSaka kA anyUna vAtsalya thA aura unake prati hamArI avikala bhkti| kauna kRtajJa vyakti bhUla jAegA ki mahAmuni tulasI apane amUlya samaya aura Avazyaka kAryakalApoM kI upekSA kara hamArI zikSA ke lie atyadhika prayatnazIla rahate the| hArdika bhAvanA hI isakA kAraNa hai; anyathA unheM kyA thA? na koI vetana milatA thA aura na koI svArtha sadhatA thaa|' parantu mahAn vyaktiyoM kI saMpadA paropakAra ke lie hotI hai, mAno yaha kRtArtha ho gyii| tulasI jaise nirUpameya nirmAtA kA yoga kisI bhAgyazAlI ko hI mila pAtA hai| vAstava meM dUsaroM ke lie tapanA-khapanA kaThina hotA hai| para jisane apane sAdhanAmaya jIvana ko mAnavatA kI sevA meM samarpita kiyA hai, vahI apane se anya kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai| isake lie samarpita jijJAsu muni 'nathamala' jaise supAtra kA milanA sone meM suhAge kA yoga hai| nirmeya kA narmAtA ke prati ahodhanyatA kA bhAva aneka prasaMgoM para makharita haa| AcArya mahAprajJa yadA-kadA kahate- 'maiM apane Apako saubhAgyazAlI mAnatA hU~ ki mujhe eka aisA nirmAtA milA, jo vyakti kI supta zakti ko jagAnA jAnatA hai| hara vyakti meM zakti hotI hai| zakti honA eka bAta aura zakti ko jagAne vAlA devatA milanA dUsarI bAta hai|' yaha spaSTa hai ki upAdAna ne svayaM ko gauNa aura nimitta ko bahuta mahattvapUrNa svIkArA hai| para nizcaya dRSTi se dekhA jAye to zakti jAgaraNa meM jahA~ nimitta kA mahattva hai vahA~ upAdAna kI bhUmikA bhI kama nahIM hai| aneka bAra upAdAna ke abhAva meM nimitta nA kucha sAbita hotA hai| AtmAnuzAsita sAdhaka ke lie anuzAsana kA prazna jaTila nahIM to AsAna bhI nahIM hotaa| anuzAsana ke nAjuka dhAge para calanA svabhAva nahIM saMkalpa evaM sAdhanA gamya hotA hai| phira ise hRdaya se svIkAra karanA AsAna nahIM, bar3A kaThina hotA hai| isa kaThinAI kA yadA-kadA anubhava muni 'nathamala' ne bhI kiyaa| apane isa anubhava ko prastuti mahAprajJa ne taba dI jaba AcArya tulasI ne kahA-'tuma bahuta komala ho|' isa kathana ke saMdarbha meM mahAprajJa ne kahA-'merA rahana-sahana, zikSA-dIkSA muni tulasI ke pAsa huii| unake anuzAsana meM rahanA koI sarala bAta nahIM thii| ve bar3e kaThora anuzAsaka haiN|. parivartana evaM nava nirmANa | 165

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...maiM yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki Apa bahuta kaThora haiM, para vAstava meM haiM kaThora / ApakA kaThora anuzAsana mere lie varadAna bnaa| bacapana se hI maiMne apane jIvana ke do sUtra banAye the . maiM vaisA kAma kabhI nahIM karU~gA, jisase muni tulasI (AcArya tulasI) aprasanna hoN| . maiM sadA apane para adhika kendrita hoU~gA, dUsare para nhiiN| ina do sUtroM ne merA nirmANa kiyaa| maiM dina-pratidina Age bar3hatA hI gyaa|' kathana kI pRSThabhUmi meM yathArtha kA nidarzana hai| muni nathamala kI sarala cetanA meM kaThora anuzAsana ko pAlane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa vikAsa kA niyAmaka setu bana gyaa| bauddhika dharAtala para adhyayana-adhyApana, tarka-vitarka kI kSamatA kA vikAsa bahuta bar3I bAta nahIM hai| para apratyakSa ko pratyakSa banAne kI pyAsa paidA karanA, usake prati AsthA kA bhAva jagAnA bahuta bar3I bAta hai| mahAprajJa kA yaha saubhAgya thA ki unheM AcArya tulasI jaise vidhAtA mile jinhoMne sthUla se sUkSma kI ora gatizIla banane kI mAtra preraNA hI nahIM zakti bhI pradAna kii| ise mahAprajJa ne jIvana kI sarvocca upalabdhi batalAte hue kahA-mere guruvara AcArya zrI tulasI vyakti-nirmANa meM adhika vizvAsa karate haiN| unhoMne mujhe zakti kA maMtra diyaa| maiMne usakI upAsanA kii| mujhe harSa hai ki upAsanA meM merI tanmayatA kabhI bhaMga nahIM huii| mere guruvara ne mujhe vidyA-dAna diyA, aura bhI jo prApya the, ve die para mere lie unakI sabase bar3I dena hai-aprApya ko prApya banAne kI tnmytaa| usIse maiM adhyAtma kI gaharAI meM jAne ko bAra-bAra prerita huA huuN| merI caitanya vINA kA hara tAra isa gAna se jhaMkRta hai ki isase bar3A varadAna koI nahIM hai| vAkaI meM sakSma satyoM ke anveSaNa kA aisA varadAna kisI prabala pratApI ko hI mila sakatA hai| varadAnoM kI zrRMkhalA meM mahAprajJa vIra vikramAditya se kama nahIM tthhre| varadAna rUpI piSTi virala evaM pAtra hI pacA sakatA hai| sAmAnya vyakti gurukRpA ke kacce pAre ko pacA hI nahIM sktaa| para mahAprajJa ne asIma kapA ko pacAne kA sAmarthya paayaa| samarpaNa kI bhUmikA para advitIya ghaTita huaa| isakI puSTi unhIM ke zabdoM meM milatI hai-'jisa mahAn guru ne mere jIvana kA nirmANa kiyA, mujhe apanA vizvAsa diyA aura vizvAsa tathA zraddhA lI, usa vizvAsa ko aba carama bindu para saba logoM ke sAmane prastuta kara diyaa|........athvaa yU~ kahU~ ki eka choTe se bAlaka ko, jise eka dina apane hAthoM meM liyA thA, Aja usI ko apane barAbara biThA diyaa|' yaha itihAsa kI svarNima ghaTanA hai| kisI guru ne nirmANa kA aisA namUnA prastuta kiyA ho, khoja kA viSaya hai| mahAprajJa svayaM Azcaryacakita baneM-maiM kyA thA kyA ho gyaa| kahA~ thA aura kahA~ pahu~cA diyA gyaa| maiMne kabhI nahIM socA ki maiM 'nikAya saciva' banU~gA kintu bnaa| maiMne kabhI nahIM socA ki maiM yuvAcArya banU~gA kintu bana gayA aura maiMne kabhI bhI yaha nahIM socA ki terApaMtha dharmasaMgha jaise vizAla dharmasaMgha kA AcArya bnuuNgaa| na ciMtana kiyA, na socA aura na cAhA, na maaNgaa| isa kathana meM mahAprajJa kI asIma nispRhatA aura prabala guru yoga kI yuti hai| paMDita dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyAM ne kahA thA-AcAryazrI tulasI aura mahAprajJa kA guru-ziSya ke rUpa meM jo avicchinna saMbaMdha hai, vaha atIta meM kabhI rahA yA nahIM, yaha sacamuca zodha kA viSaya hai| pandraha sau varSa ke jaina paraMparA ke itihAsa meM guru-ziSya kA aisA saMbaMdha dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| zrIDUMgaragar3ha cAturmAsa pravAsa ke daurAna saMskRta ke eka prakAMDa vidvAna ne AcArya tulasI ke darzana kiye evaM pravacana ke samaya saMskRta meM dhArApravAha bhASaNa diyaa| AcArya tulasI ke mana meM saMskRta ke vikAsa kI tIvra abhilASA jgii| AcArya tulasI ne mahAprajJa Adi saMtoM ko vedanA bhare svaroM 166 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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meM kahA-'Aja paMDitajI saMskRta meM kitane acche bole! hamAre dharmasaMgha meM saMskRta meM isa prakAra bolane vAlA koI nahIM hai| kyA kabhI hamAre sAdhu bhI saMskRta meM isa prakAra dhArApravAha bola sakeMge?' guru ke vedanA bhare svaroM se saMtoM ke mAnasa meM eka dRr3ha saMkalpa paidA haa| nathamala Adi aneka muniyoM meM saMskRta bhASA kA abhyAsa prAraMbha ho gyaa| do-tIna mahInoM ke saghana prayatna-puruSArtha ke pazcAt saMskRta bhASaNa kI dakSatA kasauTI para svayaM ko kasane ke lie taiyAra ho gye| AcArya tulasI ne kasauTI rakhI-'eka mahIne taka pratidina nirdhArita viSaya para saMskRta bhASA meM saMbhASaNa krnaa| jisa muni ke eka bhI azuddhi nahIM AyegI, use puraskRta kiyA jaaegaa| abhipreraNA se sajjita eka pratiyogitA meM lagabhaga bIsa sAdhuoM meM se sarvathA Ti-mukta bolane vAle ekamAtra muni the-'nathamala' / saMkalpa kI saphalatA para mahAprajJa vo yatheSTa puraskAra milA aura guru tulasI ko apane ziSya kI pratibhA para aatmtoss| mahAprajJa apane saMkalpa, puruSArtha aura satata abhyAsa se saMskRta bhASA ke adhikRta vidvAna bana gyeN| sAtha hI prAkRta bhASA ke vettA bhI bneN| isakI puSTi taba huI jaba jarmana vidvAna DaoN. naoNrmana brAUna kI hArdika icchA para AcArya tulasI ke nirdeza se mahAprajJa ne syAdvAdva viSaya para bIsa minaTa taka prAkRta bhASA meM dhArA pravAha pravacana diyaa| AcArya tulasI sahita upasthita sArI pariSad bhAva vibhora ho utthii| vizeSa rUpa se penasleviyA yUnivarsiTI ke saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. naoNrmana brAUna ne AcArya pravara ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karate hue kahA-merI Aja bhArata yAtrA saphala ho gyii| maiM kRtArtha ho gayA aba maiM cAhe abhI marU~ yA bAda meM merI aMtima abhilASA pUrI ho gyii| phaulAdI saMkalpa kI cetanA se abhibhUta AcArya mahAprajJa ne saMskRta-prAkRta jaisI bhASAoM para na kevala prabhutva sthApita kiyA apitu inakI samRddhi hetu sAhitya-koza, vyAkaraNa Adi kA nirmANa sugama zailI meM kiyaa| maMtrI muni kI anamola zikSA mahAprajJa ke AdhyAtmika jIvana ko sajhAne-sa~vArane meM maMtrImuni maganalAlajI kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai| ve apanI vilakSaNa sUjhabUjha kI badaulata terApaMtha dharmasaMgha meM maMtrI pada se suzobhita the| unhoMne apane samaya kA niyojana dharma saMgha ke bAla muniyoM ke saMskAra nirmANa meM kiyaa| usa kar3I se jur3ane kA saubhAgya muni nathamala ko milaa| muni nathamala kI vikAsa gati ko ve saidava prerita karate rahe, saMskAra bIjoM kA vapana karate rhe| usa samaya boyA gayA saMskAra bIja, preraNA kauzala mahAprajJa ke jIvana-darzana meM tAjiMdagI aMkita rhaa| mahAprajJa ne isa tathya ko prastuti dI-'itanA prabuddha, itanA ciMtaka aura itanA gaMbhIra vyakti maiMne abhI taka dUsarA nahIM dekhaa| mere sAtha ve jo kucha bAta karate, usase mujhe aisA lagatA, jaise ve sacamuca koI bIja bo raheM haiN| unake zikSApadoM ne mujhe bahuta avakAza diyA saMbhalane kaa| preraNAsrota kI jIvaMta vizeSatAe~ mahAprajJa ke jIvana kI anamola dharohara bana gii| unakA boyA haA saMskAra bIja baragada rUpa meM badala gyaa| jahA~ taka zikSA padoM se saMbhalane kA savAla hai-vikAsa ke bAdhaka tattvoM se bacAva krnaa| sAdhaka kI sAdhanA meM ahaMkAra-mamakAra vighna paidA karane vAle mukhya ghaTaka haiN| jJAna kI apUrNatA aura sAdhanA kI aparipakva sthiti meM ye mumukSu para hAvI ho sakate haiN| para isa saMdarbha meM muni nathamala kA saubhAgya thA jinheM maMtrI muni jaise majIThe sAdhakoM kA ucita mArga parivartana evaM nava nirmANa | 167

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darzana samaya-samaya para milatA rhaa| ve mahAprajJa kI ahaMkAra mukti kI sAdhanA meM vizeSa rUpa se preraNAsrota bneN| unake zikSAprada bola kI arthAtmA thI - 'vidyA kA aura guru- kRpA kA ahaMkAra nahIM honA cAhie / hama muni haiN| hama kisa bAta kA ahaMkAra kreN| mA~ganA bahuta choTA kAma hai / hama roTI ke lie dUsaroM ke sAmane hAtha pasArate haiM, phira ahaMkAra kisa bAta kA ? na jAne kitanI bAra yaha jIva bera kI guThalI banakara pairoM meM rauMdA jA cukA hai| phira ahaMkAra kisa bAta hai ?"7 ina choTe-choTe boloM ne muni nathamala kI Abhyantara cetanA ko mAtra chUA hI nahIM abhimaMtrita bhI kiyA / mahAprajJa ne tahedila se svIkArA ki merI ahaMkAra- mukti kI sAdhanA ke preraNAsrota eka mAtra maMtrI muni bneN| isa saMdarbha meM maMtrI muni kI dUradRSTi evaM mahAprajJa kI nirmala cetanA meM saMgrAhaka bhAva kA anUThA nidarzana hai| maMtrI muni ke zikSAmRta vacanoM kI chApa mahAprajJa jIvana-darzana meM amiTa bniiN| usa preraNA kI badaulata mahAprajJa ucca koTi kI vidvattA ke zikhara para bhI utane hI sahaja-sarala aura praNata cetA bane rahe / 168 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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sRjanAtmaka kar3iyA~ banAma AsthA sAhitya sRjana AcArya mahAprajJa kA sAhitya Aja jana-jana ke lie preraNA pAtheya bana rahA hai| mUlya hai usa sAhitya sRjana cetanA ke sarjaka kaa| unakA sAhitya vibhinna bhASAoM meM pracura saMkhyA meM upalabdha hai| jisameM prabuddha-aprabuddha, bAla-yuvA, praur3ha-vRddha sabhI ko samAhita karane kI adbhuta kalA hai| vizva vyApI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna AcArya mahAprajJa ne apane maulika ciMtana ke dvArA sAhitya ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| prazna hai isa preraNA ke mUla strota kaa|| ___AcArya mahAprajJa maulika sAhitya ke sraSTA rahe haiN| unakI sRjana cetanA ko jagAne vAle bhI AcArya talasI the| prathama prasaMga thA-pro. hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA ahiMsA ke bAre meM eka grantha kA saMkalana kara rahe the| AcArya bhikSu ke ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAroM ko saMpAdita grantha meM dene kI bhAvanA se AcArya tulasI se eka nibandha kA nivedana kiyaa| AcArya tulasI usa samaya cAr3avAsa (curUrAjasthAna) virAja rahe the| unhoMne muni nathamala (mahAprajJa) ko bulAkara pUchA- kyA tuma hindI meM nibaMdha likha sakate ho?' (usa kAla meM rAjasthAna ke thalI kSetra meM hindI kA pracalana hI nahIM thA) svAbhAvika uttara thA-'likha sakatA huuN|' gurudeva ne Adeza diyA-'ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya bhikSu ke vicAroM para eka nibaMdha likho|' hindI meM likhA gayA vaha prathama nibaMdha 'ahiMsA' zIrSaka se eka laghu pustikA ke rUpa meM prakAzita huaa| sAhitya sRjana kA zilyAnyAsa 'ahiMsA' lekhana ke sAtha huaa| niyati kA saMyoga thA ki sarvaprathama ahiMsA jaise virAT viSaya para kucha likhane kA muni nathamala ko saubhAgya milaa| isI viSaya para punaH lekhana kI preraNA milii| AcArya tulasI kA cAturmAsika pravAsa (vi.saM0 2011) mumbaI meM thaa| paramAnanda kApar3iyA ne terApaMtha kI ahiMsA viSayaka dRSTi para eka samIkSA likhii| AlocanA starIya thii| isase pahale terApaMtha ke ahiMsA viSayaka siddhAMta kI isa rUpa meM AlocanA nahIM nikalI thii| gujarAtI bhASA meM chape lekha kA zIrSaka thA-'ahiMsA kI adhUrI smjh|' AcArya tulasI ne usa lekha ko par3hakara mahAprajJa ko nirdeza diyA-'aba taka hamane AlocanA kA pratyuttara nahIM diyaa| pahalI bAra yaha stara kI AlocanA nikalI hai, jisameM gAlI-gAlauja nahIM kintu eka cintana hai| aba hameM isakA pratyuttara denA caahie| tuma eka lekha likho|' Adeza ko AkAra dete hue mahAprajJa ne eka lekha likhA 'ahiMsA kI sahI samajha' 'jaina bhAratI' patrikA meM donoM lekha eka sAtha chpe| kApar3iyA ne 'prabuddha jIvana patrikA meM likhA-'mere lekha meM kahIM-kahIM vyaMgya bhI hai, kaTUktiyA~ bhI haiM, kintu muni zrI nathamala jI ne jo lekha sRjanAtmaka kar3iyA~ banAma AsthA / 169

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likhA hai usameM kevala samIkSA hai, na koI vyaMgya aura na koI kaTUkti / ' isase maiM bahuta prabhAvita huaa| lekhana kI prabhAvotpAdakatA kA hetu thA ahiMsA kI zabdAtmA ke sAtha bhAvAtmakatA kA samanvaya / nathamala meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa isa koTi kA ho gayA ki binA kaTAkSa ke tathya kA pratipAdana saMbhava banA / sAhitya lekhana kA prAraMbhika krama gati se pragati kI ora bar3hatA gayA / kucha hI varSoM meM mahAprajJa kI sRjana sAdhanA saphala huI aura unakI racanAyeM vidvata varga meM pratiSThita bniiN| sthiti yahA~ taka pahu~cI ki saMparka meM Ane vAle sAhitya premI, jijJAsu pAThaka kA pahalA prazna hotA - 'AcArya zrI Apane na pAThazAlA kI par3hAI kI, na bAhara jAkara koI DigrI lI phira Apane itanA adhyayana kaba aura kaise kiyA ? ApakA vizAla sAhitya, Agama saMpAdana kArya prazna paidA karatA hai ki Apako itanA likhanesocane kA samaya kaba milatA hai? Apake mastiSka meM naye-naye cintana kaise prasphuTita hote haiM ? ' mahAprajJa smitabhAva se jijJAsu ko samAhita karate - merA adhyayana na kaoNleja meM huA hai, na pAThazAlA * / maiMne jo kucha bhI prApta kiyA hai, usakA zreya gurudeva zrI tulasI ko hai / maiM dina bhara meM do-cAra se jyAdA pRSTha nahIM par3ha pAtA / ..... jahA~ taka likhane kA savAla hai, maiM bahuta hI kama likhatA hU~ / jaba bhI maiM likhane baiThatA hU~, taba eka gati se likhatA calA jAtA huuN| jaba bhI likhane meM bAdhA AtI hai yA dimAga meM koI sphuraNA nahIM jAgatI hai, taba maiM apanI lekhanI ko vahIM vizrAma de detA hU~ / . .. vaise jo bhI bolatA hU~, vaha saMpAdita hokara janatA ke sAmane A jAtA hai| naye cintana kI sphuraNA kA srota hai gaMbhIra graMthoM kA adhyayana-adhyApana / halkA-phulkA sAhitya par3hane kI ruci nahIM rahI / maiM vahI sAhitya par3hanA pasaMda karatA hU~, jisase mujhe kucha socane ke lie bAdhya honA par3e yA jise samajhane meM mujhe kaThinAI hotI hai| dUsarA kAraNa hai maiM dhyAna Adi ke dvArA mastiSka ko bahuta adhika vizrAma detA hU~, tAki vaha svataMtratA, tAjagI aura sphUrti ke sAtha kAma kara ske| 69 mahAprajJa ke isa svAbhAvika maMtavya se unakI kSamatA kA aMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai / kathana 'ahaM athavA kartRtva bhAva kA lavaleza bhI nahIM hai / yaha unakI nispRhatA kA dyotaka hai| 1 ve jitane nispRha the bauddhika kSetra meM utane hI sakriya rhe| unake sAhitya meM maulikatA aura vaijJAnikatA kA samAveza hai / vaijJAnika rASTrapati DaoN. e. pI. je. abdula kalAma ne AcArya mahAprajJa kI kaI pustakeM--da mirara oNpha selpha, mAiMDa biyoNDa mAiMDa, ikonomiksa oNpha mahAvIrA, AI eNDa mAina, par3hI aura TippaNI karate hue kahA- inameM ApakA viSaya-vizleSaNa bahuta hI vaijJAnika hai / vismaya bhAva se pUcha baiThe - AcArya jI ! Apa itanA kaba likhate haiM? rASTrapati jI ko samAhita karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa kahA-maiM socatA nahIM huuN| aciMtana kI bhUmikA meM rahatA huuN| jo vicAra prasphuTa hote haiM, vahI likha detA huuN| merA vizvAsa hai- 'yadi ekAgratA ho to ATha ghaMTe kA kAma tIna ghaMTe meM kiyA jA sakatA hai|' rASTrapati mahodaya AcAryapravara ke isa kathana se pUrNa sahamata hue|" isa kathana meM bahuta bar3e rahasya kA udghATana huA hai| jaise akarma se nikalA karma zaktizAlI hotA hai vaise hI aciMtana se nikalA ciMtana maulika aura samAdhAyaka hotA hai / AcArya tulasI ne vaizvika samasyAoM, sthitiyoM ko dekhate hue ciMtana kiyA kyoM nahIM nae mAnava kA maoNDala prastuta kiyA jAye ? mAnava nayA hogA to vizva svataH nayA ho jaaegaa| 'nayA mAnava' sudhAra yA rUpAntaraNa se nahIM banegA, usakA nae sire se nirmANa karanA hogA / AcArya mahAprajJa ko nae mAnava kA maoNDala prastuta karane ke lie nirdeza diyA / 'yathA niyokto'smi tathA karomi kI tarja para ati zIghra 'nayA mAnava : nayA vizva' pustakAkAra meM gurucaraNoM meM samarpita kara dhanyatA kA anubhava kiyA / 170 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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prastuta racanA mahAprajJa kI prajJA se nisRta mAnavatA ke nAma anupama upahAra hai| jisameM naye mAnava ke nirmANa-sUtra aMkita haiN| aisI aneka mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ guru iMgita para mahAprajJa dvArA niSpanna huii| AcArya mahAprajJa kA bahuAyAmI vyaktitva gurudeva zrI tulasI kI preraNA-protsAhana, anuzAsana, kRpA dRSTi kA prasAda kahA jA sakatA hai| isakI puSTi mahAprajJa ke kathana 'maiMne jo kucha bhI prApta kiyA hai, usakA zreya pUjya gurudeva ko hai' se hotI hai| unakA mAnanA thA ki mere nirmAtA ne merI pratyeka kriyA ko kuzalatA aura maulikatA kI kasauTI para kasA phira cAhe saMdarbha sAhitya sRjana kA ho yA pravacana zailI parivartana kA, prekSAdhyAna kI gahana anubhUti meM nimajjana kA ho yA jIvana-vijJAna ke vyAvahArika prayoga-parIkSaNa kaa| apane nirmAtA ke prati aTUTa AsthA, akhaMDa samarpaNa, avikala zraddhA mahAprajJa kI virala vizeSatA rahI hai| kisI ke yoga se apane jIvana kA nirmANa karanA eka bAta hai aura unake prati sadaiva samarpita rahanA sarvathA bhinna bAta hai| para, mahAprajJa vidyAguru-vyaktitva nirmAtA AcArya tulasI ke prati sadaiva-sarvAtmanA praNata rahe haiN| sacamuca AdhyAtmika gaharAI, bauddhika divyatA, sthitaprajJatA, asIma karuNA, mAnavIya mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa kI tar3apha, vizva zAMti ke prayatna rUpa jo mahAprajJa meM viziSTa guNa vikasita hue| yaha guru tulasI kA alaukika pratibimba kahA jA sakatA hai| kathana meM atyokti nahIM hogI ki gurudeva zrI tulasI ke kAlajayI kartRtva kI sarvocca upalabdhi banA-AcArya mahAprajJa kA virAT jiivn-drshn| AsthA kA abhirAma : bhikSu-darzana AcArya bhikSu ke adhyAtmapadIya ucca AdarzoM meM mahAprajJa ko Atma-sAdhanA kA saubhAgya milaa| isa mahApatha kI badaulata hI AdhyAtmika divya guNoM kA saMcAra zataguNita huaa| AcArya bhikSu kA dharma darzana (terApaMtha dharma saMgha) mahAprajJa kI zraddhA evaM saphalatA kA paryAya bnaa| mahAprajJa meM samadRSTi, karuNA, abhaya, gatizIla ahiMsA, satya ke pratipAdana kI tArkika kSamatA Adi guNoM kA samavAya bhikSu-darzana kI AsthA se upajA saca thaa| AsthA kI kasauTI para bhikSu-darzana mahAprajJa ke lie 'zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM' kI anubhUti kA nidarzana bana gyaa| terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke Adya praNetA AcArya bhikSu ke prati mahAprajJa kI aTUTa zraddhA kaba paidA huI? kaha pAnA kaThina hai| para isa saMdarbha meM mahAprajJa kA mantavya 'maiM bacapana se hI bhikSu svAmI ke prati jyAdA zraddhAzIla rahA huuN|' ise spaSTa karate hue batAyA-'isakA zreya mAtA bAlUjI ko hai| maiMne sabase pahale AcArya bhikSu ko apanI mA~ se smjhaa| maiM choTA thA, soyA rhtaa| mA~ jaldI uThakara bhikSu kA smaraNa krtii| vaha gAtI 'maMtrAkSara sama nAma tumhAre,.......saMta bhIkhaNajI ro smaraNa kiije|' mere kAnoM meM ye zabda pdd'te| saMskAra jamate ge| bhikSu ke prati mere avyakta mana meM eka zraddhA utpanna huii| maiM dIkSita huA apanI mA~ ke saath| ATha-dasa varSa taka mujhe AcArya bhikSu ke bAre meM samajhane-socane kA avasara hI nahIM milaa| sahasA AcArya tulasI kI vicAradhArA ne mor3a liyA, socA-terApaMtha ke saMbaMdha meM bhrAmaka pracAra, sandeha paidA kiyA jA rahA hai, unakA nivAraNa apekSita hai| anyathA hamAre vikAsa meM bAdhAe~ AtI rhegii| AcArya zrI ne nae prakAra se, Adhunika saMdarbho meM AcArya bhikSu ke siddhAMtoM kI vyAkhyA prastuta kii| usa samaya taka maiM bahuta nahIM jAnatA thaa| maiMne AcAryazrI dvArA prastuta toM ko pakar3anA prArambha kiyaa| vi.saM0 2001 se 2008 taka yaha silasilA calatA rhaa| 'jaina siddhAnta dIpikA' kI racanA huI aura maiM una tarkoM kI gaharAI meM utarane kA prayatna karatA rhaa| sRjanAtmaka kar3iyA~ banAma AsthA / 171

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maiMne AcArya bhikSu ko tarka kI kasauTI para kasA aura unheM samajhane kA prayAsa kiyaa| pahale zraddhA se samajhA, bAda meM tarka se smjhaa| aba maiM AcArya bhikSu ko pratibimboM meM samajha rahA hU~ pratikriyAoM se samajha rahA huuN|" mahAprajJa ne mAnA ki bacapana meM mAtA se milA bhikSu zraddhA kA upahAra tarka kI kasauTI para adhika puSTa banA / AcArya bhikSu ke siddhAntoM kI gaharAI meM avagAhana se mahAprajJa kI ahiMsaka cetanA adhika prakhara bniiN| AcArya bhikSu ne eka sUtra diyA thA - ' - 'bar3e jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie choTe jIvoM ko mAranA ahiMsA nahIM hai| choTe jIvoM ko mArakara bar3e jIvoM kA poSaNa karanA ahiMsA nahIM hai| isa sUtra ne mujhe bahuta AMdolita kiyA / ' vizeSarUpa se AcArya bhikSu kI krAMtavANI se unakA mAnasa atyadhika prabhAvita bnaa| kyoMki bhikSu ne usa samaya satya pakSa ko ujAgara kiyA jaba bar3e jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie choTe jIvoM ke vadha ko puNya mAnA jAtA thA / ahiMsA ke kSetra meM bhI bala-prayoga mAnya thA / puNya ke lie dharma karanA sammata thA / azuddha sAdhana ke dvArA zuddha sAdhana kI prApti mAnI jAtI thI aura dAna mAtra ko puNya mAnA jAtA thA / AcArya bhikSu ne ina mAnyatAoM kA ahiMsA ke Aloka meM khaMDana kiyaa| yaha unakI ahiMsaka cetanA kA parAkrama thA / AcArya bhikSu ke ina maulika vicAroM ne mahAprajJa ke hRdaya meM abhinava preraNA kA saMcAra kiyA / ahiMsA para kucha vizeSa vizleSaNa kI cAha jagI / mahAprajJa kI dRSTi meM AcArya bhikSu ahiMsA ke marmajJa the / unhoMne ahiMsA ko gaharI sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA aura usakI samIkSA kI / bhikSu kI ahiMsaka samIkSA ne mahAprajJa ko Adhunika saMdarbha meM kucha likhane ke lie prerita kiyA / jisakI niSpatti hai - bhikSu vicAra darzana / isameM AcArya bhikSu ke siddhAMtoM ko Adhunika prastuti dI - jIva-jIva kA jIvana hai - yaha prANI kI vivazatA hai para ahiMsA nahIM / bahusaMkhyakoM ke hita ke lie alpasaMkhyakoM kA ahita kSamya hai, yaha janatantra kA siddhAMta hai para ahiMsA nahIM / bar3oM ke lie choToM kA balidAna kSamya hai, yaha rAjatantra kI mAnyatA hai para ahiMsA nahIM hai| ina siddhAntoM se Atmaupamya yA sarvabhUtAtmabhUtavAda kI rIr3ha TUTI hai / vivazatA, bahusaMkhyaka aura alpasaMkhyaka tathA choTe aura bar3e ke prazna sAmAjika kSetra uThate haiN| ahiMsA kA svarUpa ina sabhI praznoM se mukta / isa maMtavya ne mahAprajJa ke dila para gaharI chApa chodd'ii| AcArya bhikSu dvArA khIMcI gaI hiMsA-ahiMsA kI bheda rekhA - jIva jItA hai, vaha ahiMsA yA dayA nahIM hai| koI maratA hai vaha hiMsA nahIM hai| mArane kI pravRtti hiMsA hai aura mArane kI pravRtti kA saMyama karanA ahiMsA hai| mahAprajJa AcArya bhikSu ke zuddha sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie zuddha sAdhana kI anivAryatA ke siddhAMta se bahuta prabhAvita hue / unake abhimata meM isa siddhAMta para bala dene aura tArkika paddhati se vizleSaNa karane vAle bhAratIya manISiyoM meM AcArya bhikSu aura mahAtmA gAMdhI kA nAma agraNI hai / isa viSaya meM mahAprajJa ne donoM manISiyoM ke vicAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA / prayoga purassara lekhanI kA viSaya bhI bnaayaa| AcArya bhikSu ke siddhAntoM kI gaharAI meM avagAhana karate samaya mahAprajJa ko ahiMsA saMbaMdhI kucha maulika tathya hRdayagaMma hue| A. bhikSu ne kahA bhaya, bala-prayoga aura pralobhana se pratikriyA paidA hotI hai| vaha pratikriyA hiMsA ko janma detI hai / ataH hiMsA chur3avAne ke ye sAre sAdhana galata hai| aise meM prazna uThA hiMsA kyoM chur3Ae~ ? kyoM nahIM chur3Ae~ ? chur3AnA hai to kaise chur3Ae~? hiMsA se AdamI ko kaise bacAe~ ? AcArya bhikSu ne sUtra diyA - ahiMsA kA zuddha sAdhana hai hRdaya parivartana / hiMsA karane vAle kA hRdaya badale / hiMsaka kA caitanya jAge tabhI ahiMsA hogI / ahiMsA kA aura koI bhI upAya nahIM hai / eka mAtra upAya hai - hRdaya parivartana / hiMsaka kA hRdaya badalane se hI ahiMsA siddha hogii| 172 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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AcArya bhikSu ke ina mantavyoM ne mahAprajJa kI cetanA ko jhkjhoraa| unake siddhAntoM kI gaharAI meM paiThane kA bhAva prabala bnaa| bhikSu kA ahiMsAmRta zAstroM ke viloDana aura pratibhA ke prasphoTana se nikalA thaa| para tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM ahiMsA kA siMhanAda bhikSu ke ahiMsA-pracetA kA dyotaka hai| ve mana, vANI karma se ahiMsA ke pratisrota mArgAnugAmI bneN| mahAprajJa bhikSu ke isa prasAda se adhika Azvasta baneM aura terApatha ke maulika siddhAMtoM kA unhoMne talasparzI jJAna hI nahIM kiyA apitu ahiMsA ke Aloka meM Adhunika prastuti bhI dii| mahAprajJa kI zabdAtmaka prastuti meM AcArya bhikSu ne eka AdhyAtmika prAsAda kA nirmANa kiyaa| jisakI cAra bhUmikAe~ haiM 1. AcAra aura vicAra kI pvitrtaa| 2. ahaM aura mama kA visrjn| 3. anushaasn| 4. vikaas| AcArya bhikSu ke jIvana darzana aura tatvavizaleSaNa kI gaharI chApa mahAprajJa kI soca aura sAdhanA meM pratibimbita bniiN| unake darzana ko jIne kA saMkalpa liyA aura ahiMsA ke kSetra meM vikAsa kI U~cAiyoM ko chuuaa| jisakI sabala abhivyakti mahAprajJa ke jIvana vyavahAra ke pratyeka saMdarbha meM saMpRkta thii| gAMdhI sAhitya kA prabhAva mahAprajJa kI gatizIla dArzanika lekhanI ko badalane kI preraNA taba milI jaba rASTra pitA mahAtmA gAMdhI kA sAhitya unake hAtha lgaa| unakA sAhitya prema dharma evaM sampradAya kI sImAoM se mukta-aitihAsika, sama-sAmAyika, dArzanika, rAjanaitika vicAroM ko par3hane aura usake maulikatA kI thAha lene meM kabhI kuMThita nahIM huaa| apitu adhyayana kA ananya aMga bnaa| isakI badaulata mahAprajJa kI sRjana cetanA ko nava AyAma milaa| jisakA eka ghaTaka hai gAMdhI saahity| isa sAhitya ne unakI ciMtanadhArA ko mAtra abhiprerita hI nahIM kiyA usakI dizA badalane meM bhI ahaM bhUmikA nibhaaii| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-'gAMdhI sAhitya se mujhe jaina dharma ko Adhunika saMdarbha meM par3hane kI preraNA milii|' isa preraNA kA prabhAva racanAoM meM spaSTa parilakSita huaa| udAharaNa ke taura para 'A~kheM khole' pustaka ke pAMca adhyAyoM meM eka adhyAya hai-jaativaad| AcArya tulasI ne use dekhakara kahA-'yaha pustaka bAhara AegI to samAja meM bahuta carcA hogii| abhI ise rahane do|' phira do kSaNa ke ciMtana ke bAda kahA-'yaha to vAstavikatA hai| jaina dharma meM jAtivAda ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| phira carcA se kyoM DaranA cAhie?' pustaka prakAzita huii| UhApoha ke bAvajUda yathArtha kI prastuti se lekhaka ko AtmatoSa huaa| itanA hI nahIM preraNA kA sthAyitva isa kadara huA ki sadA-sadA ke lie lekhana kI dizA badala gyii|| AcArya mahAprajJa ne yaha bhI likhA-'gAMdhI sAhitya ke mAdhyama se maiMne raskina aura TaoNlasTaoNya ko par3hA to mujhe aura adhika vyApaka saMdarbha meM ciMtana karane kA avasara milaa|75 gAMdhI ke sAhitya meM raskina aura TaoNlasTaoNya ke bAre meM par3hA taba mahAprajJa ke bhItara ina pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ko par3hane kI cAha jagI aura svataMtra rUpa se inake sAhitya ko pddh'aa| sAhitya janita preraNA mahAprajJa kI racanA dharmitA kA AdhAra pAkara mukhara ho utthii| usakI jhalaka unake vizAla sAhitya sRjana meM gamya hai| mahAvIra darzana kI amiTa chApa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zAsana (jaina dharma) mumukSuoM ke lie trANa-zaraNa evaM dvIpa bhUta hai| lAkhoM meM isase preraNA pAkara satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| usI zrRMkhalA meM AcArya mahAprajJa advaita kI bhUmikA para sajanAtmaka kar3iyA~ banAma AsthA / 173

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ahiMsA kI akhaMDa ArAdhanA meM nimagna bneN| unake pratyeka kriyA-karma meM 'khemaMkarI' kI anugUMja thI / isakA mUla setu banA-mahAvIra kA dharma darzana / jIvana ke bahuta prAraMbha meM hI bAlaka nathamala ne AtmavikAsa ke lie jaina dharma kI kaThora saMyama sAdhanA svIkAra kI / saMkalpa kI pUrNAhuti meM mahAvIra kI tattva mImAMsA ko AtmasAt karane kI prakriyA meM anubhava kiyA ahiMsA aura mahAvIra do nahIM hai / isa AsthA ne mahAprajJa ke bhItara naI cetanA kA saMcAra kiyaa| usakI chApa mahAprajJa kI jIvana-zailI ke pratyeka pahalU meM dekhI gaI / vizeSa rUpa se vartamAna kI vaizvika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna unhoMne ahiMsA kI pratiSThA meM khojA / mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM panapane vAlI viSamatAoM kA samAdhAna ahiMsA ke Aloka meM kiyA / ataH ahiMsA ke agradUta kahalAye / puruSottama mahAvIra meM likhA- 'mahAvIra kA artha ahiMsA aura ahiMsA kA artha mahAvIra ho gyaa| unakI ahiMsA kA Adi bhAga thA abhaya, madhya bhAga thA upekSA aura antima bhAga thA smtaa|' samatA ke mahAna pracetA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kI pratyeka dhArA meM 'ahiMsA' kI hI gati thI / unhoMne kucha kiyA vaha bhI ahiMsA ke lie aura nahIM kiyA vaha bhI ahiMsA ke lie| unakA AcAra ahiMsA mUlaka, vicAra anekAnta - dRSTimUlaka aura bhASA syAdvAdamUlaka thI I vastutaH sabhI ahiMsA mUlaka the| mAnasika ahiMsA ke lie anekAnta - dRSTi aura vAcika ahiMsA ke lie syAdvAda unakI gatividhi ke srota the / inakA vizeSa prayoga AcArya mahAprajJa kI sAdhanA kA abhinna aMga thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prANavAn darzana kI prAsaMgikatA vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM svataH pramANita hai / cU~ki samatA, ahiMsA, samAnatA aura aparigraha yuga kI mAMga hai| mahAvIra dvArA darzita dharma vizuddha rUpeNa AdhyAtmika hai| usakA prAraMbha bindu hai AtmA kA saMjJAna aura carama bindu hai Atmaupalabdhi yA Atma saakssaatkaar| mahAprajJa ke bhItara Atma sAkSAtkAra kI preraNA prabala huI / mahAvIra cetanA se unakA sAkSAtkAra AkAMkSA pUrti kI eka sabala kar3I bnaa| isakA sAkSI hai 'zramaNa mahAvIra' graMtha mahAprajJa kI kRti hai / mahAvIra kI prANavAn preraNA kA prabhAva mahAprajJa dvArA saMpAdita vizAla AgamarAzi se AMkA jA sakatA hai| vItarAga vANI kI Adhunika pariveza meM vaijJAnika saMdarbhoM ke sAtha prastuti unakI sthitaprajJatA kA pramANa hai / mahAvIra kI prayoga dharmA ahiMsaka cetanA kA prabhAva mahAprajJa para saghana rUpa se aMkita thA isakI puSTi mahAprajJa ke kathana se hotI hai- mahAvIra ahiMsA ke kore vyAkhyAkAra nahIM the / ve prayogakAra the / unhoMne apane jIvana meM ahiMsA ke saMbhavataH sarvAdhika prayoga kiye / ahiMsA ke prayogoM se apanA parAkrama aura zaurya-vIrya pradarzita kiyA / hama socate haiM ki mahAvIra ne dIrghakAlIna tapasyAe~ kI, zarIra ko bahuta staayaa| para mahAvIra ke lie vaha bahuta svAbhAvika thA / vaha ahiMsA kA pahalA prayoga thA / jo cetanA - kendrita nahIM hotA vaha deha ke prati anAsakta nahIM ho sktaa| jo deha ke prati anAsakta nahIM hotA vaha ahiMsaka nahIM ho sakatA / " vyavahAra ke dharAtala para mahAvIra darzana kA anUThA raMga mahAprajJa ke mana-vacana-karma meM samAyA huA thaa| ve vItarAga guNoM kI divya mazAla ko jana cetanA meM prajjvalita karane ke lie aharniza udyata rhe| isakI chavi unake samparka meM Ane vAle pratyeka hRdaya meM ahiMsA kI abhinava sphuliMga paidA karatI thii| mahAvIra darzana kA jIvaMta bhAva mahAprajJa kI samatA dRSTi, nirmala cetanA va ahiMsA kI apUrva upAsanA meM pratibimbita thA / 174 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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yoga sphuraNA : Adi srota prAkRtika cikitsA paddhati ne mahAprajJa ko yoga sAdhanA kI ora prerita kiyaa| isa bAta para sahasA vizvAsa honA kaThina hai para yaha saccAI hai| mahAprajJa ucca koTi ke yogIrAja the| unakI yaugika cetanA kA sAkSAt prabhAva saMparka meM Ane vAle ko urjasvala banAye bagaira nahIM chodd'taa| 'abhizApa banA varadAna' kI jIvaMta anubhUti ke Aloka meM mahAprajJa kI yoga cetanA ke jAgaraNa kI adbhuta ghaTanA ghttii| prathama dRSTyA apriya lagane vAlA ghaTanA prasaMga kabhI-kabhI vikAsa kI naI dizAoM kA dvAra khola detA hai| pRSTabhUmi meM jAgRta viveka kI bhUmikA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| yoga meM niyojita karane vAle prasaMga kA citraNa mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- 'eka bAra mujhe pratizyAya huA aura vaha bigar3a gyaa| elopaithI aura Ayurvedika ilAja karAe, para koI lAbha nahIM huaa| sthiti ciMtanIya bana gii| phira prAkRtika cikitsA kA yoga milaa| maiM svastha ho gyaa| eka preraNA jaagii| luI pUne ko pddh'aa| prAkRtika cikitsA kI bIsoM pustakeM pddh'iiN| vahIM se mere yoga jIvana kA prAraMbha huaa| Asana aura prANAyAma ke sAtha-sAtha dhyAna kI ruci bhI jAgRta huii|' yoga jIvana ke Adi srota kI spaSTa prastuti mahAprajJa kI yogaja upalabdhi kA sabUta hai| sAdhanA gati se pragati kI ora bar3hatI gyii| isake vibhinna pahalU vikAsa ke mAnaka banate gye| jisakA ullekha mahAprajJa ne kiyA- 'maiMne dhvani cikitsA kA bhI prayoga kiyaa| tIvra svara meM bIja maMtroM kI dhvani karane para maiM kucha hAsyApada bhI banatA rhaa| phira bhI koI antaHpreraNA kAma kara rahI thI, maiM usa prayatna ko chor3a nahIM skaa| kAlAMtAra meM yaha prayoga AcArya mahAprajJa kI yoga sAdhanA kA setu bana gyaa| eka ghaTanA vizeSa se jur3A preraNA prasaMga kisa prakAra vikasita hotA gayA aura tAumra usakI phalazruti se sabhI ko sarAbora banatA rahA hai| yoga saMbaMdhI rahasyoM kI khoja aura niSpattiyA~ adhyAtma jijJAsuoM kA pathadarzana yugoM-yugoM taka karatI rhegii| mahAprajJa ne isa upalabdhi kA zreya prAkRtika cikitsA ko diyaa| unhoMne mAnA hai ki isa vidhA ke jariye mujhe yoga kI gaharAI meM jAne kA aura adhyAtma ke Aloka se abhisnAta hone kA saubhAgya milaa| yoga ke maulika prayogoM se cetanA para AyI AvaraNa kI parte haTatI gayI, arntadRSTi kA jAgaraNa ghaTita huaa| atIndriya cetanA ke sphuliMga adhyAtma jagat kI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi atIndriya cetanA kA prabodha mahAprajJa kI Atma saMpadA bnii| jisake dvArA mahAprajJa ne mAnava jAti kA zAMtipatha prazasta kiyaa| aneka mahattvapUrNa rahasyoM kI khoja yoga sphuraNA : Adi srota / 175

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kii| isakI puSTi unake sAhitya se hotI hai| mahAprajJa ke vyaktitva nirmANa meM atIndriya cetanA kI ananya bhUmikA rahI hai| isa arhatA ne antardRSTi saMpanna bnaayaa| antardRSTi saMpannatA kA koI kAraNa pUche to batA pAnA svayaM mahAprajJa ke lie kaThina thaa| albarTa AiMsTIna se pUchA gayA-Apane sApekSavAda kA praNayana kaise kiyA? AiMsTIna ne kahA-'iTa so hepenDa'-yaha ho gyaa| kaise huA, maiM nahIM kaha sktaa| mahAprajJa ke jIvana meM kucha aisI hI ghaTanAe~ ghaTita huI jo unheM antardRSTi saMpanna satyApita karatI hai| udAharaNa svarUpa do-tIna prasaMgoM kA ullekha prAsaMgika hogaa| san 1978 meM pAramArthika zikSaNa saMsthA kI mumukSu bahanoM kA zivira Ayojita huaa| usa zivira meM mahAprajJa ne gyAraha caitanyakendroM kI naI abhidhA nirdhArita kara prayoga krvaae| haThayoga meM chaha yA sAta caitanya kendroM para dhyAna kA prayoga karavAyA jAtA hai| mahAprajJa ne naye nAmakaraNa ke sAtha usameM pA~ca caitanyakendra aura jor3a die| prekSAdhyAna kA eka nayA rUpa sAmane A gyaa| eka kI jijJAsA thI-caitanyakendroM kA nAmakaraNa kisa AdhAra para kiyA gayA? mahAprajJa ne kahA-'AdhAra ke bAre meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoM kiyA, isa bAre meM bhI kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha anAyAsa huaa| apane Apa AbhAsa huA ki maNipura cakra ko taijasakendra kahanA jyAdA saMgata hai| isase taijasa zarIra kI adhika saMgati hai| anAhata cakra ke lie AnaMdakendra nAma adhika upayakta hai| yaha saMgati aura upayuktatA bAda meM socI gaI kintu nAmakaraNa saMgati yA upayuktatA ke AdhAra para nahIM kiyA gayA, balki yaha sahaja aura antaHsphUrtabhAva se kiyA gyaa| kathana ke Aloka meM antardRSTi saMpannatA kI puSTi hotI hai| isakA saMvAdI eka aura prasaMga-jena vizva bhAratI ke prAMgaNa meM holI parva kA prasaMga thaa| zivira meM saMbhAgI sAdhakoM ke bhItara UhApoha jagA Aja hama holI kaise manAyeMge? bhAvanAe~ mahAprajJa ke samakSa rakhI gii| sAdhakoM kI isa bhAvanA se eka naye prayoga kA sUtrapAta ho gyaa| vibhinna caitanya kendroM para lAla, gulAbI, harA, nIlA aura zveta-ina pA~ca raMgoM kA prayoga krvaayaa| AdhyAtmika prema aura pavitratA se sarAbora ina raMgoM se pratyeka sAdhaka kA antarmAnasa raMgIna bana gyaa| dhyAna kI samApti para sAdhaka jhUma uThe-yaha raMgoM kA prayoga sarvathA navIna hai| isa prayoga ke sAmane bAharI aura kRtrima raMga kucha bhI nahIM haiN| kyA yaha prayoga Apane pahalI bAra karavAyA hai? mahAprajJa kA uttara thA-maiMne hAla meM praveza ke pUrva isa sandarbha meM kucha bhI nahIM socA thaa| ekAeka antaHpreraNA jagI aura raMgoM kA dhyAna karavA diyaa| kAlAntara meM yahI prayoga lezyAdhyAna ke nAma se pratiSThita huaa| jaina vizva bhAratI meM prekSAdhyAna zivira prasaMga meM mahAprajJa ne caitanya kendra prekSA prayoga ke madhya cakrAkAra caitanyakendra prekSA kA prayoga krvaayaa| samasta caitanya kendroM kI eka sAtha yAtrA kA prayoga pratyeka sAdhaka ko romAMcita banA rahA thaa| prayoga kI saMpannatA para rahasya khulaa| prathama bAra mahAprajJa ne Antarika sphuraNA se abhinava prayoga krvaayaa| nizcita rUpa se antardRSTi se niSpanna ina prayogoM se yoga kI paraMparA adhika samRddha banI hai| aise hI anya prayoga yathA-antaryAtrA, maMgalabhAvanA, kAyotsarga-pratimA (jo vizeSa rUpa se samaNa zreNI ke sAdhakoM ke lie banAI gaI) Adi unakI aMta cetanA ke sphuliMga hai| antardRSTi saMpanna mahAprajJa ne na kevala svayaM ko Alokita kiyA apitu prayogabhUmi se gujarane vAle logoM ko bhI prakAzavAna bnaayaa| yaha saccAI hai ki mahAprajJa kI jJAna cetanA antardRSTi se prakhara bnii| aneka maulika tathyoM kA pratipAdana isakA pramANa hai| AcArAMga ke sUtrArtha kI gaharI pakar3a ko dekhakara gurudeva zrI tulasI 176 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ne 10 jUna 1969 ko kahA thA - 'nathamala meM jo vikAsa huA hai, vaha par3hane se nahIM, sAdhanA se huA hai / mana kI nirmalatA satya taka pahu~cA sakatI hai, akSara jJAna nahIM' 8 mahAprajJa kI antardRSTi ne vikAsa ke naye kSitija udghATita kiye aura mAnavatA ko upakRta karane meM ahaM bhUmikA nibhAI hai| mahAprajJa ke akUta vikAsa meM antardRSTi kI ananya bhUmikA rahI hai| isase prerita ho aneka sAdhakoM ne svabhUmikA para Atmazakti jAgaraNa kI dizA ko prazasta banAyA hai| yoga sphuraNA : Adi srota / 177

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jIvana ke rahasya : banAma saphalatA sUtra 'appa dIvo bhava' ko AtmasAt kara jana-jana kI cetanA ko Alokita karane vAle virala hote haiN| mahAprajJa kA nAma usa zrRMkhalA meM svarNAMkita hai| pRSThabhUmi meM bolatA hai mahAprajJa ke phaulAdI saMkalpa kA bl| isake sahAre unhoMne vyaktitva nirmANa kI abhinava U~cAiyoM ko chuaa| usakA rAja mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-maiM bacapana meM hI dIkSita ho gyaa| ise maiM eka niyati mAnatA huuN| dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda mere mana meM sadA eka jijJAsA rahI . jo bhI ajJAta hai, use maiM jJAta karanA cAhatA huuN| . jo rahasyapUrNa hai, usako anAvRta karanA cAhatA huuN| . jo nahIM hU~, vaha honA cAhatA huuN| ina tIno saMkalpoM ke AdhAra para maiMne muni kA jIvana jIyA hai| isakI vyApaka bhUmikA Alekha meM bahuta pahale prakaTa huI, unhoMne likhA . meM muni huuN| AcArya zrI tulasI kA varadahasta mujhe prApta hai| merA muni-dharma jar3a kriyA - kAMDa se anasyata nahIM hai| merI AsthA usa manitva meM hai. jo bajhI haI jyoti nA ho| merI AsthA usa munitva meM hai, jahA~ ananta kA sAgara hiloreM bhara rahA ho| merI AsthA usa munitva meM hai, jahAM zakti kA strota satata pravAhI ho| maiM eka paraMparA kA anugamana karatA hU~, kiMtu usake gatizIla tatvoM ko sthitizIla nahIM maantaa| maiM zAstroM se lAbhAnvita hotA hai. kinta unakA bhAra DhAne meM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| mujhe jo dRSTi prApta huI hai, usameM atIta aura vartamAna kA viyoga nahIM hai, yoga hai| mujhe jo cetanA prApta huI hai, vaha tana-mana ke bheda se pratibaddha nahIM hai, mukta hai| mujhe jo sAdhanA milI hai, vaha satya kI pUjA nahIM karatI, zalya cikitsA karatI hai| satya kI niraMkuza jijJAsA hI merA jIvana-dharma hai vahI merA munitva hai| maiM use cAdara kI bhA~ti or3he hue nahIM huuN| vaha bIja kI bhAMti mere aMtastala se aMkurita ho rahA hai| eka dina bhAratIya loga pratyakSAnubhUti kI dizA meM gatizIla the| aba vaha vega avarUddha ho gayA hai| Aja kA bhAratIya mAnasa parokSAnubhUti se pratAr3ita hai| vaha bAhara se artha kA RNa hI nahIM le rahA hai, ciMtana kA RNa bhI le rahA hai| usakI zaktihInatA kA yaha svataH sphUrta sAkSya hai| merI Adima, madhyama aura aMtima AkA~kSA yahI hai ki maiM Aja ke bhArata ko parokSanubhUti kI pratAr3anA se bacAne aura pratyakSAnubhUti kI aura le jAne meM apanA yoga duuN|' AcArya mahAprajJa duniyA kI dRSTi 178 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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nAma meM isase bhI kaI gunA mahAnatara the| unakI mahAnatA ko ijahAra karane kI AkA~kSA se logoM va saMsthAoM ne unako aneka upAdhiyoM, sammAna-saMbodhanoM se navAjA hai| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ko upahRta alaMkaraNa va sammAna kI saMkSipta jhalaka san dvArA 1. mahAprajJa alaMkaraNa 1978 AcArya tulasI 2. jaina yoga ke punaruddhAraka 1986 AcArya tulasI 3. prAkRta ke paramparAgata paMDita 1989 U.G.C. (Government of India, Delhi) 4. Man of the year 1998 American Biographical Institute 5. D. Lit 1999 Netherland Inter-cultural open university 6. Diwali Ben progressive 2003 Diwali Ben Mohan lal Mehta Religious Award charitable Trust, Mumbai 7. loka maharSi 2003 naI mumbaI nagarapAlikA 8. Ambasdor for peace 2003 Inter-religious and International Federation for world peace, London 9. indirA gAMdhI rASTrIya ekatA 2003 Indira Gandhi NationalAward puraskAra Committee, New Delhi 10. mahAtmA 2004 caitanya kazyapa phAuMDezana 11. dharma cakravartI 2004 karnATaka ke vibhinna dharmagurU 12. Communal HarmonyAward 2005 Ministry for HomeAffairs, Govt.of India, New Delhi 13. Mother TeresaAward 2005 Inter-faith Harmony Foundation of India, New Delhi 14. World peace Messenger 2008 karnATaka ke vibhinna 15. AhinsaAward 2008 Institute of Jainology, Londons" samarpita sammAna-saMbodhanoM, upAdhiyoM ke pariprekSya meM yaha bahuta spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArya mahAprajJa ke pAradarzI vyaktitva aura kAlajayI kartRtva kI amiTa chApa vizva vyApI bniiN| vibhinna sammAna, alaMkaraNa Atma naciketA mahAyogI ke lie koI mahatva nahIM rakhate para unakA sammAna bhAratIya saMskRti kI gauravazAlI adhyAtma paraMparA kA hai jisane samAja aura rASTra ko eka bAra phira se gauravAnvita banAyA hai| saphalatA ke niyAmaka, jIvana ko Alokita karane vAle AcArya mahAprajJa ke cayanita sUtra the. maiM aisA koI kAma nahIM karU~gA, jo mere vidyAguru ko apriya lge| . maiM aisA koI kAma nahIM karU~gA, jisase mere vidyAguru ko yaha socanA par3e kI maiMne jisa vyakti ko taiyAra kiyA, vaha merI dhAraNA ke anurUpa nahIM bana skaa| . maiM kisI bhI vyakti kA aniSTa nahIM kruuNgaa| ina saphalatA sUtroM ke sAtha isa tathya ko prakaTa kiyA ki 'saralatA mujhe priya thii| kapaTa, prapaMca, chalanA aura pravaMcanA se mujhe bahuta ghRNA thii| maiM sabake prati nizchala vyavahAra karanA pasaMda karatA thaa| 20 jIvana ke rahasya : banAma saphalatA sUtra / 179

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maiM apane prati, apane hitoM ke prati satata jAgarUka thaa|' isa saMkalpanA meM bolatA hai muni nathamala kA jAgRta viveka jo sadaiva sAdhanA patha ko Alokita karatA rhaa| saMkalpa sraSTA ne AtmasAkSI se, ahobhAva pUrvaka svanirdhArita sUtroM kA pAlana kara vikAsa kI maMjileM taya kii| vibhinna sUtroM ke sAtha dainika jIvana meM ghaTane vAlI choTI-choTI bAtoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| isa dizA meM jAgarUka banate hae mani nathamala-AcArya mahAprajJa ne apane saMkalpoM ke bAre meM likhA hai-maiM koI pramAda na karU~, kabhI ulAhanA na suneM, adhyayana meM kisI se pIche na rahU~-ina choTe-choTe saMkalpa sUtroM ne merI cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM yoga diyA, aisA maiM anubhava karatA haiN| isa maMtavya se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mahAprajJa kI saMkalpa zakti aura jAgarUkatA ne unake vyaktitva ko sajAyA-saMvArA evaM apratima banA diyaa| yadyapi mahAprajJa dvArA saMkalpita sUtroM meM kahIM-kahIM punarAvartana bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai para 'dvibaddhaM subaddhaM syAt' kI apekSA se unheM yathArUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| saphalatA kI rAha meM anukUla yoga kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahatI hai| mahAprajJa isa saMdarbha meM saubhAgyazAlI rahe haiN| unakA preraNAspada jIvana-vRtta jina preraka AdarzoM se vinirmita huA unheM jAne binA mahAprajJa ko samajhanA adhUrA hogaa| apane jIvana kI saphalatA ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka kI carcA 'mere jIvana ke rahasya' kRti meM mahAprajJa ne kI hai anekAMta kI dRSTi : bhAgya mAnU~ yA niyati? sabase pahalI bAta-mujhe jaina zAsana milaa| jinazAsana kA artha hai-anekAMta kA dRssttikonn| mahAprajJa ne isako jiiyaa| isakI puSTi kailAzacaMdra zAstrI bira vidvAna ke kathana se hotI hai| mahAprajJa kA grantha 'jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA' meM- muni nathamalajI ne zvetAMbara-digaMbara paraMparA ke bAre meM jo likhanA thA, vaha likha diyA, para vaha hameM akharA nahIM, cubhA nhiiN| jisa samanvaya kI zailI se likhA hai, vaha hameM bahuta acchA lgaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne mAnA hai isa anekAMta dRSTi kI badaulata ve kahIM daladala meM nahIM phNse| jisa vyakti ko anekAMta kI dRSTi mila jAe, anekAMta kI A~kha se duniyA ko dekhanA zurU kare to bahuta-sArI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna apane Apa ho jAtA hai| yaha vikAsa evaM saphalatA kA rAja hai| anazAsana: terApaMtha dharma saMgha anazAsana aura maryAdA kI dharA para TikA hai| isameM AcArya mahAprajJa ko dIkSita hone kA saubhAgya milA jo unakI mahAnatA kA kAraka bnaa| mahAnatA ke do sUtra haiM-svecchAkRta vinamratA aura aatmaanushaasn| ye sUtra terApaMtha kI saMskAra ghUTI meM diye jAte haiN| ina sUtroM ko unhoMne AtmasAt bnaayaa| mahAprajJa kA yaha mAnanA thA ki-isa vinamratA ne hara kSetra meM mujhe Age bddh'aayaa| jo sAdhu bar3e the, unakA sammAna hRdaya se hara-kSaNa karatA rhaa| maiMne AtmAnuzAsana kA vikAsa kiyaa| guru anugraha : jIvana pothI meM jisa saMyama-niSThA, vrata-tyAga niSThA kI pratiSThA hai vaha AcArya bhikSu ke jIvana vRtta ke saghana manana kI chApa hai| mahAprajJa use gurudeva (AcArya zrI tulasI) kA anugraha mAnate the| ve kahate jaba bhI prasaMga AyA, mujhe kahA- 'tuma yaha pddh'o| zAyada AcArya bhikSu ko par3hane kA jitanA mujhe avasara diyA gayA, maiM kaha sakatA hU~-terApaMtha ke kisI bhI purAne yA nae sAdhu ko utanA par3hane kA avasara nahIM milaa| unakI kSamAzIlatA, vinamratA, satyaniSThA ko samajhane aura vaisA hI jIne kA prayatna bhI maiMne kiyaa|' navInatA kA AkarSaNa : 'maiM kevala apane atIta kA gIta gAne ke lie nahIM janmA huuN|' siddhasena divAkara ke isa kathana ne mahAprajJa ko atyadhika prabhAvita kiyaa| ve kahate-maiM zAyada usa bhASA meM 180 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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na bhI boluuN| para, mujhe yaha preraNA jarUra milI ki nayA karane kA avakAza hamezA vidyamAna rahatA hai| jo atIta meM ho cukA, vaha saba-kucha ho cukA-aisa. nahIM hai| hama sImA na baaNdhe| paryAya anaMta haiN| Aja bhI nayA karane kA avakAza hai| kucha nayA karane kI bhAvanA pragAr3ha bnii| AcArya haribhadra, jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa, AcArya hemacaMdra, AcArya malayagirI, AcArya kuMdakuMda Adi-Adi aise mahAn AcAryoM ko par3hane para koI na koI naI bAta dhyAna meM AtI gii| una sabakA manana aura prayoga AcArya mahAprajJa kI sRjana cetanA ko prakhara banAtA rhaa| nispRhatA : sAMpradAyika dRSTikoNa se uparata mahAprajJa ne vibhinna varga ke saMnyAsiyoM, sAdhakoM, yogiyoM ke sAhitya ko par3hA, saMparka sAdhA, preraNAe~ sNjoyii| unhoMne grahaNa karane yogya ko grAhaka bhAva se avazya apnaayaa| unameM unca koTi kI nispRhatA dekhI jAtI hai usakI pRSThabhUmi meM eka ghaTanA bhI nimitta bnii| usakA jikra karate hue likhA-svAmI vidyAraNya, jo pahale jAdavapura yunivarsiTI meM gaNita ke prophesara the, eziyA ke gyAraha cuniMdA vyaktiyoM meM ve eka the| unhoMne hindU gaNita para eka pustaka likhii| kisI dUsare ke nAma se chapI hai, para lekhana unakA hai| hamAre bahuta nikaTa saMparka meM rhe| ve jodhapura meM Ae hue the| hama zauca ke lie bAhara jA rahe the| ve bhI sAtha meM the| maiMne pUcha liyA-'svAmIjI! Apane prAtarAza kara liyA? dUdha pIyA? unhoMne kahA- dUdha kahA~ se Ae?' maiMne kahA- Apake pIche bar3e-bar3e prophesara ghUmate rahate haiM ki Apa kucha batA deM, Apako kyA kamI hai?' ve bole-'muni nathamalajI! (AcArya mahAprajJajI) abhI jodhapura meM hU~ taba to saba pIche-pIche ghUmate haiN| yahA~ se maiM puSkara calA jAU~gA aura vahA~ bhikSuoM kI paMkti meM jAkara bhojana kruuNgaa| vahA~ dUdha kahA~ se AegA? vahA~ dUdha nahIM milegA to dUdha kA abhyAsa mujhe satAegA, dUdha kA saMskAra satAegA ki Aja dUdha nahIM milaa| unakI aneka bAteM maiMne dekhI ki eka saMnyAsI kitanA nispRha aura kitanA saMsAra se mukta rahanA cAhatA hai| usase maiM bahuta prabhAvita huaa| aise saikar3oM-saikar3oM jaina-ajaina vyakti saMparka meM Ae-hiMdU bhI, musalamAna bhii| bar3e-bar3e loga mile| unako dekhA, kucha naI bAteM siikhiiN| bhAgya kI surakSA : jyotiSa kI bhaviSyavANI se muni nathamala bahuta pahale hI jAgarUka bana gye| etada viSayaka vikrama saMvata unnIsa sau caurAnave zrIgaragaDha pravAsa kI ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA-hama sahapAThI baiThe the| usameM muni nagarAja jI bhI eka the| unheM jyotiSa meM bahuta ruci thii| kucha jAnate bhI the| ve khojate rahate the| vahA~ ke zrAvaka jyotiSa vidyA ke vijJa mannAlAla navalakhA se saMparka kiyaa| muni nagarAjajI bole-Aja mannAlAlajI se bAta karanI hai, janma kuMDalI banAnI hai| aneka saMtoM kI janmakaMDalI banAI gii| hama saba baiThe the| ve phalAdeza kara rahe the| usane kahA-'ApakI kuMDalI meM bhAgya itanA prabala hai ki Apa jo cAheMge, vaha kAma ho jaaegaa|' ___maiMne isa bAta ko sunaa| bacapana se hI grahaNazIlatA kA eka bhAva thaa| maiMne jaise gA~Tha bA~dhalI ho ki mujhe aisA koI kAma nahIM karanA hai ki jo acchA bhAgya hai, usameM koI kamI aae| eka saMkalpa kara liyaa| hamezA prayatna kiyA ki bhAgya kahIM bigar3e nhiiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra saMkramaNa bhI hotA hai| burA bhAgya acchA aura acchA bhAgya burA bana jAtA hai| bhAgya meM kamI pramAda se AtI hai| maiMne taya kara liyA ki mujhe adhika se adhika apramatta rahane kI sAdhanA karanI hai| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki jyotiSa kA vaha eka saMketa mere lie patha prazasta karane kA hetu bana gyaa| mahAprajJa ne mahAnatA aura saphalatA kI dizA meM sadaiva apane caraNa gatizIla rkheN| jIvana kI aMtima sA~soM taka mAnavIya mUlyoM kI samRddhi meM juTe rhe| unake dvArA dikhAyA gayA rozanI patha yugoM jIvana ke rahasya : banAma saphalatA sUtra / 181

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yugoM taka mAnava mana ke aMdhiyAre ko miTAtA rhegaa| mahAprajJa kI saphalatA kA rAja thA-svayaM ke dvArA nirdhArita Adarza, yathA-satyaniSThA, lakSya kendritA, pragAr3ha AsthA, aniSTa na karane kA saMkalpa, apramAda aadi| ye unake vyaktitva nirmANa ke preraNAdIpa kahe jA sakate haiN| inheM apanAkara koI bhI saphalatA kA varaNa kara sakatA hai| preraNA saMgrahaNa, guNa-grAhitA evaM AtmAbhipreraNA kI pravRtti mahAprajJa ke jIvana kI virala vizeSatA thii| vibhinna srotoM-pratyakSa-parokSa, sabala-nirbala, atIta-vartamAna sabhI se unhoMne jitanA saMbhava thA grahaNa kiyaa| ye abhipreraka unakI ahiMsaka soca ko gati se pragati para vardhamAna banAne meM sahabhAgI bane haiN| _ vizva vibhUti AcArya mahAprajJa kA jIvana Aja adRzya hokara bhI hamAre lie preraNA pu~ja banA huA hai| 'divya-jyoti mahAprajJa' rAjasthAnI kavi ikarAma kI racanA isakA sAkSIbhUta upanaya hai| AcArya mahAprajJa jI ke jIvana darzana ko saTIka zabda prastuti krama meM ye pa~ktiyA~ bhI zumAra hai mAnava kI sevA ko saccA karma banAyA jisane, satya-ahiMsA, prema-zAMti ko dharma banAyA jisane, aNuvrata ke Adarza ko apanA garva banAyA jisane, karuNA aura dayA ko, mana kA marma banAyA jisane, jisa mukha se hara kSaNa uccArita eka satya hotA hai| jo jIvana kA artha samajhale, mahAprajJa hotA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa donoM ke preraNotsa kI saMkSipta jhalaka se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki manISiyoM ne apane-apane kSetra meM ucca koTi kI abhipreraNAe~ grahaNa kii| mAtra grahaNa hI nahIM kI usake Aloka meM vyaktitva kA vAMchita nirmANa bhI kiyaa| yadyapi donoM manISiyoM ke preraNAsrota saMdarbha prAyaH bhinna haiN| mahAtmA gAMdhI ko rAjanIti kA kSetra milA vahIM unhoMne lIka se haTakara naI lakIreM khIMcI aura mahAprajJa ko dharmanIti ke AdhyAtmika pariveza meM vaijJAnika jagat ko bhAvita karane kA apUrva avasara milaa| karma kSetrIya svataMtratA ke bAvajUda saMgrAhaka bhAva donoM kI antaHcetanA kA vaiziSTya yukta sAdRzya se sarAbora hai| jijJAsu isase vAMchita preraNA saMjokara jIvana ke nava nirmANa kI dizA ko prazasta kara sakatA hai| saMdarbha 1. kAkA kAlelakara-viyogahari, gAMdhI : vyaktitva-vicAra aura prabhAva,76 2. ema.ke.gAMdhI, satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 32 3. gAMdhI : vyaktitva-vicAra aura prabhAva, 76 4. satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 47-48 5. gAMdhI : vyaktitva-vicAra aura prabhAva, 100 6. DaoN. esa.ela. varmA-DaoN madhu mizrA, mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM dharma nirapekSatA, 193-194 7. ahiMsA, 2.206 8. satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 27 9. gAMdhI citrAvalI, 72 10. gAMdhI : vyaktitva-vicAra aura prabhAva, 75-77 182 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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11. ahiMsA -2, 191 12. satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 8 13-14. bI. Ara. naMdA, mahAtmA gAMdhI eka jIvanI, 8-9, 62 15. gAMdhI vyaktitva-vicAra aura prabhAva, 11 16. haribhAU upAdhyAya, bApU kathA, 45 17. mahAtmA gAMdhI, maMgala prabhAta, 37-38 18. ahiMsA, 2.206-7 19. mahAtmA gAMdhI, ahiMsA, 3.300, harijana sevaka 9.12.39 20. bApU kathA, 94 21. satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 358 22. maMgala prabhAta, 61 23. gAMdhIjI, gItA kA saMdeza, 5 24. satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA 58 25. mahAdeva desAI haribhAU upAdhyAya, saMkSipta AtmakathA, 61 - 26. aise the bApU, 32 27. satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 228 saMkSipta AtmakathA, 62 28. mahAtmA gAMdhI eka jIvanI, 353 29. gAMdhI vyaktitva-vicAra aura prabhAva, 100 : 30. gAMdhIjI ke saMsmaraNa, 36-37 91. gAMdhI citrAvalI, 133 32. gAMdhIjI ke saMsmaraNa, 34 33. mere satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA - 28 34. mahAtmA gAMdhI eka jIvanI - 77 35. gAMdhIjI, maMgala prabhAta, 41 36. gAMdhI evaM mArksa, 3-5 37. gAMdhI citrAvalI, 72 38. mere satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 76 39. zrI mannemicanda siddhAntideva vRhad dravya saMgraha - bhUmikA, 2021 40. bRhadravya saMgraha - 20 41. mere satya ke prayoga athavA Atma kathA, 250 42. mahAtmA gAMdhI kI saMkSipta jIvanI, 29 43. AtmakathA : mahAtmA gAMdhI, 136 44. mahAtmA gAMdhI kI saMkSipta jIvanI 94-95 45. bhAratIya rAjanItika vicAraka, 400 46. ahiMsA yAtrA amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2.459.125 47. yuvAdRSTi, jUna-julAI, 2003.51 48. muni dhanaMjaya kumAra, mahAprajJa atIta aura vartamAna, 34 49. mahAprajJa jIvana-darzana, 174 50. mahAprajJa atIta aura vartamAna, 4 51. AcArya mahAprajJa, atIta kA basaMta : vartamAna kA saurabha, 5 52. AcArya mahAprajJa, merI mAM 11 53. mahAprajJa: jIvana-darzana, 177 jIvana ke rahasya banAma saphalatA sUtra / 183

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54-57. merI mAM, 23/115, 113/111.12/114 58. atIta kA basaMta : vartamAna kA saurabha, 67 59. mahAprajJa : jIvana-darzana, 143, 185, 187 60. saM. kanhaiyAlAla phUlaphagara, mahAprajJa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, 38.395 61. mahAprajJa : jIvana-darzana, 189, 162 62-64. atIta kA basaMta : vartamAna kA saurabha, 21-22, 45/1, 71/104-110 65. mahAprajJa : jIvana-darzana, 223. atIta kA baMsata : vartamAna kA saurabha, 48-49, 2-3 66. mahAprajJa : jIvana-darzana, 31-34 67. atIta kA basaMta : vartamAna kA saurabha, 86 (1996) 68. AcArya mahAprajJa, mere jIvana ke rahasya, 27-28 69. mahAprajJa : atIta aura vartamAna, 29-30 70. jaina bhAratI, aprela-2003, 20 71. atIta kA baMsata : vartamAna kA saurabha, 5, 15 72. AcArya mahAprajJa, terApaMtha zAsana-anuzAsana, 182-83 (1995) 73. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, maiM hUM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA, 200 74-75. atIta kA baMsata : vartamAna kA saurabha, 33/30 76. puruSottama mahAvIra, 47, 63 77. mahAprajJa : atIta aura vartamAna, 30 78. mahAprajJa : jIvana-darzana, 126-27 79. muni sukhalAla : ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna - 2, 52 80. yuvAcArya mahAzramaNa : mahAtmA mahAprajJa, saM. agasta 2009.183.84 81. atIta kA baMsata : vartamAna kA saurabha, 83-85 82. mere jIvana ke rahasya, 32-36 184 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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adhyAya-3 ahiMsA : saiddhAMtika svarUpa

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pUrvavRtta ahiMsA kA kSetra asIma hai| vaha sArvadik aura sArvatrika hai| isa virAT svarUpA ahiMsA para jo ciMtana mahAtmA gAMdhI aura AcArya mahAprajJa ne vyaSTi se samaSTi ke Aloka meM kiyA vaha viziSTa hai| vizvasamAja ke mAnacitra ko AkAra dene vAle vibhinna pahaluoM ko ahiMsaka prastuti dI, ve hI tRtIya adhyAya kA vimarthya hai| dharma ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI jo prAcIna avadhAraNA rahI vaha vaiyaktika adhika thii| Aja kA AdamI jAgatika bhASA meM socatA hai kintu prazna vahIM kA vahIM sthira hai| kyA ahiMsA ke vikAsa ke binA sArvabhauma yA jAgatika ahiMsA kA vikAsa saMbhava hai? vikAsa kI yaha yAtrA kahA~ se AraMbha kareM? isakA eka samAdhAna khojA gayA vyakti se| Adarza vyakti kI kalpanA manISiyoM ne AhaMsA kA kasauTI para kI hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsaka / jo citraNa kiyA vaha kisI sAdhaka ke svarUpa se kama nahIM hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmANa meM hRdaya parivartana kI pramukha bhUmikA svIkAra kI hai| ahiMsaka samAja kI kalpanA vyakti aura vyavasthA parivartana para ghaTita ho sakatI hai| gAMdhI ne eka svastha samAja kI kalpanA kI jisakA pratyeka sadasya Atma-sammAna aura ijjata kI jiMdagI jI ske| mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka samAja kI racanA naitika mUlyoM ke vikAsa para saMbhava btlaaii| donoM manISiyoM kI rASTrIya aura aMtarrASTrIya saMdarbha meM ahiMsA ke vistAra kI saMkalpanA mahattvapUrNa hai| gAMdhI ne bhAratIya saMdarbha meM Atma-nirbhara Adarza grAma svarAjya paraka rASTravyApI ahiMsA kA sapanA sNjoyaa| vahIM lokataMtra ke ahiMsaka svarUpa ke vikAsa hetu mahAprajJa ne batAyA ki isake lie do dizAoM se prasthAna karanA jarUrI hai| hiMsA aura parigraha ke prati janatA kA dRSTikoNa badale, aisA prazikSaNa zikSA ke sAtha cle| lokataMtra kA prazikSaNa siddhAnta ke sAtha abhyAsa aura AcaraNa ke dvArA ho| vizva vyavasthA ke nirmANa meM aneka ghaTaka kAma karate haiM ye paraspara sApekSa haiN| hamArA jIvana sApekSatA ke siddhAMta se jur3A huA hai| jIvana kI sImA meM koI bhI nirapekSa nahIM hai| vyakti akelA hote hue bhI vaha parivAra, samAja aura rASTra sApekSa hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM aMtarrASTrIya sthiti sApekSa bhI hai| parivAra, samAja, rASTra ye zakti ke taMtra haiN| ye samartha baneM isake lie jarUrI hai ahiMsA ke Adarza kA anushiiln| manISI dvaya kI soca isI Adarza se anuprANita mAnavatA kA patha-prazasta karane meM samartha hai| pUrvavRtta / 187

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ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti ahiMsA dvArA vyakti, samAja, rASTra evaM aMtarrASTrIya paimAne para amana-caina kI sthApanA kI jA sakatI hai| yaha ahiMsA ke sraSTA-draSTA dvArA prastuta eka saccAI hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa ne isa saccAI ko pakar3A aura ina kSetroM meM ahiMsA ke svarUpa kI mImAMsA kii| ahiMsA vyakti se Arambha hokara parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva pariveza meM sugamatA se pratiSThita ho sakatI hai| ahiMsA jo kevala dharma kA tattva vizeSa athavA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA maMtra mAnI jAtI thI use gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa ne jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM prayukta kara mAnava jAti ke utthAna kA patha-prazasta kiyaa| zAMtimaya sukhada jIvana ke lie ahiMsA kI ananya bhUmikA ko prastuta kara azAMta mAnava ko zAMti kA saMdeza diyaa| manISiyoM kI udAtta ciMtana zailI meM ahiMsA kA pravAha vibhinna saMdarbho meM anusyUta hai| usakA vimarza yathA zakya prastuta adhyAya meM abhISTa hai| sArvabhauma niyama ahiMsA eka sArvabhauma niyama hai jo samasta mAnava jAti para lAgU hotA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki isa niyama ke dvArA kevala RSi-muni hI paricAlita ho sakate haiN| hara koI vyakti ahiMsA kI suvAsa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ahiMsA ko deza kAla-paristhiti se pare evaM manuSya jAti kA niyama batalAte hue gAMdhI ne kahA-'ahiMsA maTha-maMdira kI hI cIja nahIM hai, jo RSiyoM athavA guphAoM meM rahane vAloM ke lie ho| ahiMsA to aisI hai ki jisa para lAkhoM AcaraNa kara sakate haiM-isalie nahIM ki unake phalitArthoM kA unheM pUrNa jJAna hai, balki isalie ki vaha manuSya jAti kA niyama hai| yaha AdamI aura pazu ke bIca kA antara vyakta karatI hai|' ahiMsA kI divyatA se anuprANita mAnava jAti ne vikAsa kI U~cAiyoM ko chaA hai| jo paza Aja se cAra sau varSa parva kI sthiti meM jaisA thA Aja bhI vahIM hai kisI taraha kA vikAsa nahIM kiyaa| vikAsa kA maulika AdhAra ahiMsA hai| ___ahiMsA sirpha vyaktigata guNa nahIM, balki sAmAjika guNa bhI hai| ise dUsare guNoM kI taraha vikasita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM koI zaka nahIM ki samAja apane Apasa ke kArobAra meM ahiMsA kA prayoga karane se hI vyavasthita hotA hai| ahiMsA ko rASTrIya aura antarASTrIya vyavahAra meM bhI kAma meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| gAMdhI kI vizAla dRSTi kA pratIka yaha kathana 'mere lie ahiMsA eka vyaktigata dharma hI nahIM, samagra samAja ke lie eka rAjanIti aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hai|'' unakA spaSTa abhimata rahA ahiMsA eka aisI zakti hai, jisakA sahArA bAlaka, yuvA, strI-puruSa saba le sakate haiN| bazarte 188 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ki unakI manuSya mAtra meM sajIva zraddhA ho| jaba hama ahiMsA ko apanA jIvana siddhAMta banA leM to vaha hamAre saMpUrNa jIvana meM vyApta honA caahie| yoM kabhI-kabhI use pakar3ane aura chor3ane se lAbha nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsA kI satat ArAdhanA hI vAMchita pariNAma lAtI hai| gAMdhI ke samAna AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhI ahiMsA ko mAnava jIvana kI AdhArazilA mAnA hai| unake zabdoM meM 'ahiMsA hai to jIvana hai| yaha nahIM hai to jIvana Tika nahIM paataa|' ahiMsA ke saMskAra kA abhAva hI isake astitva ko aparihArya tattva na svIkArane kA mukhya kAraNa hai| ahiMsA kA vicAra jaba taka saMskAra nahIM banatA taba taka vyakti, samAja, rASTra aura vizva ke lie ahiMsA varadAyI sAbita nahIM ho sktii| pAtra kauna siMhanI kA dugdha svarNa pAtra meM hI ThaharatA hai anyatra nahIM-yaha vizruta janokti hai| aisA hI niyama ahiMsA ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| yaha pAtra vyakti meM hI samAtI hai apAtra meM nhiiN| prazna uThatA hai ahiMsA kA pAtra kauna? pAtra kA tAtparya hai jisakA hRdaya pavitra aura nizchala hai, vahIM ahiMsA prakaTa hotI hai| 'ahiMsA hRdaya kA guNa hai|' isa sUtrAtmaka vicAra ko spaSTa karate hue gAMdhI ne batAyA ki khAdyAkhAdya meM hI ahiMsA kI parisamApti nahIM hotii| sUkSma dRSTi se ina vastuoM kA khyAla rakhanA stutya hai| parantu jo ahiMsA parama dharma hai, vaha isa ahiMsA se kahIM bar3hakara hai| ahiMsA hRdaya kI uccatama bhAvanA hai| jaba taka hamArA vyavahAra zuddha nahIM hai, jaba taka hama kisI ko apanA duzmana samajhate haiM taba taka yaha kahanA cAhie ki hamane ahiMsA bhAva kA sparza taka nahIM kiyA hai| jisa hRdaya meM prema-karuNA aura maitrI kI dhArA bahatI hai ahiMsA vahIM hai| gAMdhI ke maMtavya ko aura adhika paripuSTa karane vAle vicAra AcArya mahAprajJa ke pratIta hote haiN| unhoMne kahA 'anuttaraM sAmyamupaiti yogI'yogI anuttara sAmya ko pAtA hai| jaina darzana kI bhASA meM ahiMsA aura samatA eka hai| lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha, jIvana-mRtyu, nindA-prazaMsA aura mAna-apamAna meM jo sama rahe, vo hI ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA kara sakate haiN|'' arthAt samatA kA jIvana jIne vAlA hI ahiMsA jaisI divya zakti kI upAsanA kara sakatA hai| jisameM samatA kA vikAsa nahIM huA hai, usameM ahiMsA pratiSThita nahIM ho sktii| rASTra nirmANa ke svapna meM gAMdhI ne vyakti kI aham bhUmikA svIkAra kii| unakI dRSTi meM saMpUrNa nirmANa kI AdhArabhUta ikAI vyakti hai| Adarza vyakti ke binA samAja, rASTra aura vizvazAMti kI kalpanA kabhI sAkAra nahIM ho sktii| vyakti athavA mAnava ke prati unake udAtta vicAra the gAMdhI ne darzana, anubhava evaM itihAsa ke AdhAra para batAyA ki mAnava mUlataH ahiMsApriya prANI hai| anubhava batAtA hai ki mAnava kAma, krodha, dveSa Adi AvegoM se prabhAvita hokara hiMsaka AcaraNa kara sakatA hai, kintu jaise hI vaha apanI sahaja avasthA meM lauTatA hai usakA antaHkaraNa tathA viveka use ahiMsA ko apanAne ke lie prerita karate haiN| gAMdhI kA kathana hai-ahiMsA hamArI prajAti kA zAzvata niyama hai, jabaki hiMsA pazuoM kA niyama hai| pazuoM meM AtmA AvRtta rahatI hai aura ve bhautika zakti ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM jAnate haiN| vyakti kA sadviveka vyakti ko eka ucca niyama-AtmA ke saMgharSa-ko mAnane ke lie bAdhya karatA hai| ahiMsA........eka aisA Adarza hai jisakI ora vyakti prAkRtika rUpa se binA icchA kiye hI, calate haiN.......| mAnava samAja ke vikAsa kA itihAsa bhI yaha batAtA hai ki mAnava kI mUla pravRtti ahiMsA hI hai| apanI isa pravRtti ke kAraNa hI mAnava ne nara bhakSaNa ke doSa se mukti pAyI hai; mAMsAhAra ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 189

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se zAkAhAra kI ora bar3hA hai aura zikAra ke sthAna para kRSi para nirbhara huA hai| vastutaH prArambhika kabIlAI saMgaThanoM se lekara Adhunika antarrASTrIya saMgaThanoM taka mAnava-sabhyatA kA jo vikAsa huA hai, usake pIche mAnava kI ahiMsaka pravRtti hI sakriya rahI hai| vyakti ke bhItara ahiMsAtmaka bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke ninna prakAra haiM. pratyeka manuSya meM acchAI (sadguNa) tathA burAI (durguNa) donoM hI pAyI jAtI haiN| manuSya apanI prakRti se mUlataH naitika evaM ahiMsaka prANI hai| mAnava jIvana meM ina donoM guNoM kA bahuta adhika mahattva hai| prathama guNa ke kAraNa mAnava sadaiva hI durguNa se sadguNa ko zreSTha mAnatA hai| dvitIya guNa ke kAraNa mAnava ne saMgharSa evaM hiMsA kI tulanA meM sahayoga evaM ahiMsA ko pasaMda kiyA hai jisase mAnava sabhyatA kA vikAsa saMbhava haa| apanI naitika evaM ahiMsaka prakRti ke kAraNa hI mAnava eka sAmAjika prANI hai| manuSya eka vikAsazIla prANI hai aura isa dRSTi se anya sabhI prANiyoM se zreSTha hai| arthAt mAnava svayaM ke prayatnoM dvArA apanI burAiyoM para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai aura acchAI kI ora vikAsa kara sakatA hai| sabhI mAnava Izvara kI santAna hai aura unakI AtmA meM Izvara kA aMza vidyamAna hai| mAnava jIvana kI dRSTi se isa AdhyAtmika satya ke kAraNa hI mAnava naitika, ahiMsaka va vikAsazIla prANI banatA hai| yadi vyakti ke bhItara divyatA kA guNa vidyamAna na hotA to usake vikAsa aura parivartana kA prazna hI paidA nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana athavA AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAra se pratyeka vyakti meM acchAI aura burAI donoM ke bIja vidyamAna haiN| jaise nimitta milate haiM vaise hI acchAI yA burAI prakaTa ho jAtI hai| ahiMsA vyakti kI bhAvanAoM se prasphuTita hotI hai vivazatA se nhiiN| gAMdhI ne spaSTa kahA 'ahiMsA koI aisA guNa to hai nahIM jo gar3hA jA sakatA ho| yaha to eka aMdara se bar3hane vAlI cIz2a hai. jisakA AdhAra Atyantika vyaktigata prayatna hai|' unhoMne isakA apane jIvana meM anabha va kiyA aura spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA ki maiMne to ahiMsA ke vijJAna kA eka namra zodhana kiyA hai| vyakti ahiMsA kI zaktiyoM kA amaryAda rUpa meM vikAsa kara sakatA hai| Apa apane bhItara jitanA adhika ahiMsA kA vikAsa kareMge utanI hI jyAdA usakI chUta phailegI........dhIre-dhIre saMpUrNa jagat meM phaila sakatI hai| ahiMsA kI asIma zakti kA unhoMne anubhava kiyA aura avicala vizvAsa ko prakaTa kiyaa| ____ 'kaThoratama dhAtu kAphI AMca le narama ho jAtI hai, isI prakAra kaThoratama hRdaya bhI ahiMsA kI paryApta AMca lagane se pighala jAnA caahie| ahiMsA kitanI AMca paidA kara sakatI hai isakI koI sImA nhiiN| apanI AdhI zatAbdI ke anubhava meM mere sAmane eka bhI paristhiti aisI nahIM AyI jaba mujhe yaha kahanA par3A ho ki maiM asahAya hUM aura merI ahiMsA nirupAya ho gii|" AcArya mahAprajJa ke vaiyaktika ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAra gAMdhI ke vicAroM ko saMpoSaNa dene vAle haiN| ve vartamAna vyApI hiMsA ke tAMDava ko spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate-hiMsA kI samasyA dropadI ke cIra kI bhAMti bechora banatI jA rahI hai| isakA samAdhAna pAne hetu vyakti-vyakti ke bhItara ahiMsA kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa jarUrI hai| isa saMdarbha meM aneka dizAoM se prayatna honA jarUrI hai-dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika maMca se, manovaijJAnika 190 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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aura dArzanika maMca se, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika maMca se, jo hiMsA kA koI vikalpa khoja sake / aisA karane se sArI manuSya jAti kA bhalA ho sakegA / kintu cunanA hogA vyakti ko / ahiMsA kI bAta kahA~ se zurU kareM? isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa kahate - ' vyakti se zurU kareM / vyakti svayaM badale, usake saMskAra badale, dhAraNA badale, mAnyatA badale aura yaha dhAraNA puSTa bana jAe ki ahiMsA merA svabhAva hai| mujhe ahiMsA kA jIvana jInA hai, merI jIvana-zailI ahiMsA kI hogI / ' vizva zAMti kI mUla ikAI vyakti hai / zAnti kI carcA karate samaya hameM yuddha aura zastra kI bAta eka bAra chor3a denA caahie| sabase pahale carcA zurU karanI cAhie vyakti se / vyakti meM zAMti hai yA nahIM? parivAra meM zAMti hai yA nahIM? rASTra meM zAMti hai yA nahIM? sabase pahale vyakti phira parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva kA prazna AtA hai / hama sIdhe vizvazAMti ke prazna ko chUte haiM aura saba bAtoM ko chor3a dete haiM / ise mUrkhatA kI bAta na kahU~ kintu samajhadArI kI bAta bhI to nahIM hai aura usakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki vizva zAMti zAyada kabhI nahIM bnegii| yaha spaSTa saMketa hai ki vyakti kI ahiMsaka cetanA ko jagAye binA vizva zAMti kA sapanA kabhI sAkAra nahIM ho sakatA / jisa vyakti kI cetanA meM zAMti kA srota baha rahA hai usake lie ahiMsA pratyeka sthiti meM Adarza banI rhegii| pratyeka sAmAjika prANI ahiMsA ko pasaMda karatA hai / isalie ki vaha zAMti ko pasaMda karatA hai| zAMti ke binA sukha nahIM / ataH sukha ke lie zAMti aura zAMti ke lie ahiMsA jarUrI hai| zAMti aura ahiMsA kA tAdAtmya saMbaMdha / donoM ke astitva aura vikAsa kI kalpanA eka dUsare ke binA adhUrI hai| ahiMsA kA svarUpa pavitratA hai, isalie vaha vyApaka hone para vaiyaktika hai / ahiMsA vyakti kI unmukta svatantratA hai / jo vyakti usako hRdaya kI pUrNa svatantratA se svIkAra karatA hai vaha paristhiti kA sAmanA kara letA hai, kiMtu anaitika AcaraNa nahIM karatA yA kara hI nahIM sktaa| isakA hetu hai karuNA kA vikAsa, Atmaupamya kI bhAvanA kA vikaas| jisake bhItara karuNA kA dariyA sUkha jAtA hai, Atmaupamya kI dhArA TUTa jAtI hai vaha ahiMsA ke mUlya ko bhUla jAtA hai / aisA hone para vyakti hiMsaka bana jAtA hai 1 prazna hai manuSya sabase jyAdA hiMsra kisa para hotA hai| tathya bolate haiM ki sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa aura parama puruSArthI vyakti bhI prAyaH sabase jyAdA hiMsA svayaM evaM svajanoM kI karatA hai / apanI AlocanA, pratAr3anA aura hInatA evaM dUsarI ora ahaMkAra tathA sva-kendritA svayaM para hiMsA nahIM to kyA hai? vivazatA kyA sabase bar3I hiMsA nahIM hai? apanoM se kaThora vANI meM bAta karanA, anuzAsana ke nAma para aura maryAdA kI Ar3a meM maulikatA chInane vAle niyamoM kA pAlana parivAra yA kAryAlaya meM hiMsA nahIM to aura kyA hai? svayaM para hiMsA karane vAlA vyakti hI parivAra tathA parivAra ke pazcAt sAmAjika hiMsA kA srota banatA hai / kevala mAra-kATa karanA hI hiMsA nahIM hai apitu IrSyA, dveSa, svArtha, manamuTAva, udAsInatA, beImAnI, chala-kapaTa, parapIr3ana, parigraha, dayA- karuNA kI kamI, parahita va parapoSaNa kA abhAva bhI dUsare rUpa meM hiMsA ke hI prArUpa haiM jinake vyApaka prabhAva sAmudAyika cetanA para dikhAI par3ate haiM / " ye vo kAraka haiM jinake calate vyakti apane Apa kI hiMsA kara rahA hai / vyakti tanAva kA jIvana jItA hai| tanAva apane ApameM hiMsA hai| jitane bhI nakArAtmaka bhAva paidA hote haiM, ve saba hiMsA haiM, hiMsA ke kAraNa haiM / cetanA meM uThane vAlI hiMsA kI taraMgeM hI bAhara ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 191

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Akara pariveza ko pradUSita banAtI hai| yaha vyakti kI apane prati hone vAlI hiMsA jaba taka nahIM rukegI vaha ahiMsaka bana nahIM sktaa| agara ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM hai to akelA vyakti bhI sukha se nahIM raha sktaa| AdamI kevala dUsaroM kI hiMsA nahIM krtaa| hara vyakti apane nakArAtmaka ciMtana, vicAra aura bhAva ke kAraNa Diprezana meM calA jAtA hai, tanAva se bhara jAtA hai aura AtmahatyA kara letA hai| ahiMsA kA sabase pahalA sUtra hai ki vyaktigata jIvana meM AdamI AnaMda ke sAtha jiie|" ataH ahiMsA kI zuruAta vyakti ko apane se hI karanI hogii| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba vyakti isa ora na kevala apanA dhyAna hI kendrita kare apitu apanI zakti ko bhI niyojita kreN| pratyeka vyakti apanI khuda kI hiMsA se baceM isa hetu AcArya mahAprajJa kA maulika ciMtana hai-vyakti ahiMsA kA prAraMbha sarvaprathama apane Apa se kre| apane bhItara jo vRttiyAM haiM unakA pariSkAra kre| hama anAvazyaka hiMsA se bceN| mana ke dvArA hone vAlI galata pravRtti anAvazyaka hiMsA kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai| isa anAvazyaka hiMsA ko rokane ke lie apanI vRttiyoM kA zodhana karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| usakA prArambha vyakti dUsaroM kI bajAya apane sadhAra kI bAta, ahiMsA kI bAta samajha letA hai to krAnti ghaTita ho sakatI hai| isa hetu manuSya ke mastiSka meM jo anAvazyaka hiMsA kA taMtra haiM, prakoSTha hai, use ThIka kiyA jaae| prazikSaNa evaM yoga se yaha rUpAntaraNa ghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne vyakti ke bhItara nihita ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI paryApta saMbhAvanAoM ko bhI prakaTa kiyA hai| ahiMsA kI pracaNDa zakti zakti vaha hotI hai jo sthiti meM parivartana laaye| ahiMsA ne aneka paristhitiyoM meM apanI zakti ko prakaTa kiyA hai| jise ahiMsA kI asIma zakti meM vizvAsa hotA hai unheM duniyA kI koI paristhiti roka nahIM sktii| ahiMsA zakti ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhI kA abhimata rahA-ahiMsA to mAnava ke pAsa aisI prabala zakti hai ki jisakA koI pAra nhiiN| manuSya kI buddhi ne saMsAra ke jo pracaNDa astra banAye haiM usase bhI pracaNDa yaha ahiMsA kI zakti hai| isa zakti kA dUsarA vikalpa nhiiN| ahiMsA prANI kA nijIguNa hai ise prakaTa karate hue gAMdhI kahate haiM-ahiMsA AtmA kA bala hai| Atmabala ke sAmane talavAra kA bala tRNavat hai| talavAra kA upayoga karake AtmA zarIravat banatI hai| ahiMsA kA upayoga karake AtmA Atmavat banatI hai| Atmika zakti ke AdhAra para hI gAMdhI kA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki jisane zUravIroM kI ahiMsA kA zastra liyA hai, vaha akele sAre saMsAra kI prabala zaktiyoM kA ekasAtha sAmanA kara sakatA hai| kyoMki niHzastra ahiMsA kI zakti hara samaya zastrabala kI apekSA bahuta U~cI hai| isa viziSTa zakti kA anubhava jisa vyakti ne kiyA hai vahI yaha jAna sakatA hai ki ahiMsA ke hathiyAra se eka strI yA bAlaka bhI hara kisI hathiyAra dhArI dAnava kA sAmanA kara sakatA hai| ataH bahAdaroM kI ahiMsA ke samAna duniyA meM dUsarI koI saccI zakti nahIM hai| vyakti apane jIvana meM isakA cAhe jitanA vikAsa kara sakatA hai| apane jIvana meM bahAduroM kI ahiMsA kA vikAsa karane kI khvAhiza rakhane vAle AdamI ko sabase pahale apane mana se yA vicAroM se kama-se-kama bujadilI kA maila dho DAlanA caahie| masalana ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA karane vAlA apane bar3e aphasara kI dhAka se daba nahIM jAyegA aura na usa para gussA hI kregaa| sAtha hI vaha apanI jyAdA se jyAdA AmadanI vAlI jagaha ko chor3ane ke lie bhI taiyAra rhegaa| gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM bujadila vyakti ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA nahIM kara sktaa| 192 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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gAMdhI kI ahiMsA eka sakriya bala hai, jo nirbala kA astra nahIM, apitu vIroM kA astra hai / 'yadi rakta bahanA hI hai, to vaha hamArA rakta ho / binA mAre marane ke zAnta dhairya kI sAdhanA karo / manuSya tabhI svacchanda jI sakatA hai, prema dUsaroM ko nahIM jalAtA, svayaM hI jalatA hai; vaha mRtyu ke kaSTa meM bhI Ananda anubhava karatA hai|" yaha ahiMsA kI ucca bhUmikA kA nidarzana hai| jaba vyaktigata jIvana meM ahiMsA kI ucca sAdhanA sAdha lI jAtI hai taba vyakti ke lie pratyeka kSaNa Anandamaya bana jAtA hai| bhAvanAtmaka saMdarbha meM dekheM to gAMdhI ahiMsA ko zaktizAlI vyakti kA zastra mAnate the| ahiMsA kAyara aura kamajora vyakti kA hathiyAra nahIM hai / mahAvIra, buddha aura kRSNa sabhI kSatriya the, magara ye sabhI ahiMsA ke upAsaka, anupAlaka the / AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAra gAMdhI kI vicAra dhArA ke saMvAdI haiN| unhoMne ahiMsA kI asIma zakti ko prastuti dete hue kahA-ahiMsA kI zakti prANavAn hai usakA anubhava hara vyakti ko ho sakatA hai / " ahiMsA kI zakti kA anubhava tanAvamuktAvasthA meM hI saMbhava hai anyathA vaha zakti kuMThita ho jAne se niSkriya bana jAtI | ahiMsA kI zakti meM AcArya mahAprajJa kI jIvaMta AsthA thI / ahiMsaka ke AbhAmaMDala meM pahuMcakara janmajAta zatrutA - vaira rakhane vAle prANI bhI vairabhAva ko bhUlakara pUrNa maitrI-sadbhAvanA kA anubhava karatA hai / yaha ahiMsA kI zakti kA jvalaMta udAharaNa hai| 'ahiMsA kI zakti asIma hai usake sahAre hI mAnavIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA vikAsa saMbhava huaa|' yathArtha ke dharAtala para ahiMsA kI zakti se AdamI paricita nahIM hai aura usa para usakA vizvAsa bhI nahIM hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI, mArTina lUthara kiMga jaise vyaktiyoM ne ahiMsA kI zakti ko duniyA ke sAmane rkhaa| duniyA ne usako pratyakSa dekhA, phira bhI na jAne kyoM vizva ahiMsA kI aura unmukha nahIM huaa| zAyada aisA socakara ki ahiMsA kI zakti kA pariNAma bahuta dera bAda AtA hai aura baMdUka se phaisalA turaMta pharata ho jAtA hai / bahuta Avazyaka hai ki AdamI ahiMsA kI zakti se paricita bneN| jaba taka usakI zakti se paricita nahIM hoMge, ahiMsA ke prati vizvAsa paidA nahIM hogA / isalie pahalA kAma hai ahiMsA kI zakti se paricita honA / " isa kathana meM bahuta bar3e satya kA nidarzana hai ki ahiMsA hI eka aisI zAzvata zakti hai jisase prakRti kA kaNa-kaNa prabhAvita hai| mahAprajJa ahiMsA kI zakti meM aTUTa AsthA rakhate hue bhI prazna khar3A karate - ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM 'kvAliTI kanTrola' guNavattA saMvardhana kA / yaha prazna ahiMsA kI ananta zakti ke prAyogika dharAtala ko puSTa karane kI dRSTi se uThAyA gayA hai| isa zakti kA jaba taka vyavahAra meM spaSTa anubhava nahIM hogA taba taka saMdehAspada sthiti banI rhegii| isakA ekamAtra samAdhAna ahiMsA kI zakti kA prakhara prayoga hI ho sakatA hai / gAMdhI kI bhAMti mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA ko vIroM kA patha batalAte hue ArSa vANI ko uddhata kiyA hai, 'paNayAvIrA mahAvIhi' vIra hI ahiMsA kA pAlana kara sakatA hai| gAMdhI ne isa yuga meM use pratyakSa kara dikhaayaa| prAyaH loga ahiMsA ko kAyaratA ke sAtha jor3a kara dekhate haiM, lekina ahiMsA kA kAyaratA ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai / hiMsaka AdamI to bahuta kAyara hotA hai / jabaki ahiMsA ke rAste para calane ke lie virAT zakti aura manobala kI jarUrata hotI hai|" ahiMsA kI ajeya zakti ke bAbata manISiyoM ke vicAroM meM eka pravAha hai jo nizcita rUpa se dila aura dimAga ko chUne vAlA hai / ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 193

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avicala siddhAMta vyakti jIvana meM ahiMsA ko apanAtA hai isakI prathama sIr3hI hai vaha apane nitya jIvana meM pArasparika vyavahAra meM satya, namratA, sahiSNutA, prema, karuNA Adi guNoM ko vikasita kre| aMgrejI meM eka kahAvata hai ki prAmANikatA eka zreSTha vyavahAra nIti hai / kintu ahiMsA kI dRSTi se yaha kevala vyavahAra nI nahIM hai / vyavahAra nIti zAyada badala bhI jAe aura badalatI hI hai para ahiMsA to avicala siddhAMta hai| jaba irda-girda hiMsA kA dAvAnala prajvalita ho rahA hai / taba bhI isakA pAlana karanA cAhiye / " sarala zabdoM meM- 'cAroM ora, jindagI ke hara pahalU meM nyAya ho, yaha ahiMsA kI pahalI zarta hai| gAMdhI Ama vyakti ko ahiMsA kI jIvaMta mUrti dekhanA cAhate the / kevala vyakti kA bAhya svarUpa hI nahIM bhItara kI cetanA bhI ahiMsA kI parimala se sugaMdhita ho tAki isakA prabhAva pariveza ko bhI anuprANita kara sake / 'merA anubhava mujhe kahatA hai ki jahA~ taka AdamI ke lie sambhava ho, usa hada taka satya aura ahiMsA kA pAlana kiye binA, na to vyaktiyoM ko aura na jAtiyoM ko hI zAnti mila sakatI hai / ' zAMti ke lie bhI ahiMsA kA anupAlana mahattvapUrNa hai / hiMsA ke bhAva vyakti ke bhItara tanAva aura azAMti paidA karate haiM / yaha adhyAtma jagata kA abhyupagama hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ahiMsA ke maulika svarUpa ko prastuta karate haiM -ahiMsA ko bahuta sthUla artha meM samajhA jA rahA hai, usakI gaharAI meM jAne kA prayatna kama ho rahA hai| hiMsA kA prAraMbhika bindu kisI ko mAra DAlanA nahIM hai aura ahiMsA kA prAraMbhika bindu kisI ko na mAranA hI nahIM hai / hiMsA kA prAraMbha bindu hai - dUsare jIva ke astitva ko na svIkAranA, padArtha ke astitva ko bhI na svIkAranA / ahiMsA kA prAraMbhika bindu hai - choTe-se-choTe padArtha- paramANu taka ke astitva ko svIkAranA aura unake sAtha cher3achAr3a na karanA / apane astitva kI bhAMti dUsaroM ke astitva kA bhI sammAna krnaa|" yaha Atmaupamya kA siddhAMta ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai / astitva ke dha para abhedAnubhUti ahiMsA hai| ise sarala zabdoM meM prastuti milI - 'AtmA hI hiMsA hai aura AtmA hI ahiMsA hai| AtmA-AtmA ke bIca abhedAnubhUti hai, vaha ahiMsA hai| yaha ahiMsA kA naizcayika rUpa hai| eka vyakti kisa hada taka hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka ho sakatA hai| Antarika sthiti kA citrAMkana karate hue mahAprajJa ne satya kA udghATana kiyA / ahiMsA vizAla hotI hai| hiMsA sImA se pare nahIM ho sakatI / eka vyakti krUra hokara bhI 'sabakA hiMsaka bana jAe utanA krUra nahIM hotA, usakI hiMsA kI bhI eka nizcita rekhA hotI hai / vaha apane rASTra, samAja, jAti yA kama-se-kama parivAra kA zatru nahIM hotaa| vaha hara kSaNa kriyAtmaka hiMsA nahIM karatA / vyakti krodha karatA hai para krodha hI karatA rahe-aisA nahIM hotaa| hiMsA ko sImita kie binA vyakti jI nahIM sakatA / yathArtha ke dharAtala para dekhA jAye to ahiMsA ananta Ananda kA satat pravAhI srota hai, phira bhI manuSya kA svabhAva usameM sahajatayA nahIM ramatA isakA kAraNa niyantraNa zakti kA abhAva hai / mana, vANI aura zarIra kI niraMkuza - vRttiyoM kA pratirodha karane kI Atmazakti kA jitanA kama vikAsa hotA hai, utanA hI adhika hiMsA kA vega bar3ha jAtA hai| hiMsA kI maryAdAeM kRtrima hotI haiM / unameM tar3aka-bhar3aka aura lubhAvanApana bhI hotA hai / ahiMsA meM dikhAvaTIpana yA banAvaTIpana nahIM hotA / vaha Antarika maryAdA hai / vaha AtI hai, tabhI vyakti kA vyaktitva - jIvana kI svatantratA nikharatI hai / 2 aisA ghaTita hone se ahiMsA jIvana kA avicala siddhAMta hI nahIM jIvana kA paryAya sAbita hotI hai| ahiMsA siddhAMta saMbaMdhI donoM manISiyoM ke ciMtana meM samAnatA aura maulikatA kA saMgama hai| 194 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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abhaya aura ahiMsA vyakti ahiMsA kA sacce arthoM meM tabhI upAsaka bana sakatA hai jaba vaha abhaya bneN| bhayabhIta-kAyara vyakti ahiMsA jaise zakti-zAlI maMtra kA lAbha nahIM uThA sktaa| gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM.....ahiMsA maMtra kA artha hai niDaratA kA mantra-abhaya kA mNtr| abhaya bane binA ahiMsA kA pAlana apUrNa hai| ahiMsA kI dUsarI saMjJA kSamA kI parisImA hai kintu kSamA to vIra puruSa kA bhUSaNa hai| abhaya ke binA ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| ahiMsA meM bhaya kA koI sthAna hI nahIM hai| bhayamukta hone ke lie ahiMsA ke upAsaka ko ucca koTi kI tyAgavRtti vikasita karanI caahie| jisane saba prakAra ke bhaya ko nahIM jItA, vaha pUrNa ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| isalie ahiMsA kA pujArI eka Izvara kA hI bhaya rakhe, dUsare saba bhayoM ko jIta le|| Izvara se bhaya kA Azaya hai kevala pApakarma, bure kArya se hI bhaya rakheM jisake sahAre dUsare bhaya svayameva samApta ho jaayeNge| kisI bhI sthiti meM kAyara yA bhayabhIta hone vAlA ahiMsA jaise mahAn mUlya ko nahIM pA sktaa| ahiMsA kI pUrNa paripAlanA meM astra-zastra kI jarUrata bhI nahIM hai| gAMdhI kahate haiM- ahiMsA aura kAyaratA kabhI eka sAtha nahIM cala skte| zastra rakhane meM kAyaratA nahIM to bhaya kA bhUta avazya chipA hai| kintu vizuddha nirbhIkatA ke binA saccI ahiMsA asambhava hai|' saccI ahiMsA ke abhyAsI ko abhaya honA jarUrI hai| ahiMsA aura abhaya ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa kA ciMtana gAMdhI ke vicAroM kA saMpoSaka hai| unhoMne mAnA ki ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI pahalI sIr3hI hai-abhy| ahiMsA mahAvrata hai to abhaya usakI bhAvanA hai| abhaya ke binA ahiMsA kI koI bAta socI nahIM jA sktii| 'ahiMsA vrata kA Adi bindu hai to abhaya usakI sAdhanA kA abhinna aMga hai|' isa kathana kI puSTi meM mahAvIra ko uddhRta kiyA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, 'Daro mt|' jaba taka Darate ho, taba taka kisI bhI dharma kA pAlana nahIM ho sktaa| na ahiMsA kA pAlana ho sakatA hai. na satya kA pAlana ho sakatA hai aura na aparigraha kA pAlana ho sakatA hai| AdamI hiMsA isIlie karatA hai ki vaha DaratA hai| vaha jhUTha isIlie bolatA hai ki vaha DaratA hai aura parigraha isIlie ekatrita karatA hai ki vaha DaratA hai| use bhaya hai ki bUr3hA ho jAUMgA to kyA hogA? bImAra ho jAUMgA to kyA hogA? yaha bhaya hI parigraha kA mUla hai| isalie mahAvIra ne kahA, 'Daro mt| tanAva ko miTAne kA sabase acchA sUtra hai-abhaya, bhaya nahIM rkhnaa| ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kA pahalA sopAna hai-abhy| yaha eka bar3I sAdhanA hai| abhaya honA yAni ciMtAmukta honaa| sukha se jIne kA mUlamaMtra hai-abhaya honaa| Avazyaka hai AdamI abhaya bneN| abhaya niSpati ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa ne kahA-jaba sahiSNutA sadhatI hai taba abhaya ghaTita hotA hai| dharma kA rahasya hai-abhy| dharma kI yAtrA kA Adi bindu hai-abhaya aura antima bindu hai-abhy| dharma kA atha aura iti abhaya hai| dharma abhaya se prAraMbha hotA hai aura abhaya ko niSpanna kara kRtkRtya ho jAtA hai| vItarAgatA kA Arambha abhaya se hotA hai aura vItarAgatA kI pUrNatA bhI abhaya meM hotI hai| ahiMsA kI sarvocca niSpatti-vItarAgatA abhaya se hI niSpanna hotI hai| ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM nirbhayatA kA ananya yoga hai| nirbhayatA ahiMsA kA prANa hai| bhaya se kAyaratA AtI hai| kAyaratA se mAnasika kamajorI aura usase hiMsA kI vRtti bar3hatI hai| ahiMsA ke mArga meM sirpha aMdhere kA Dara hI bAdhaka nahIM banatA; mauta kA Dara, kaSTa kA Dara, aniSTa kA Dara, alAbha ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 195

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kA Dara, jAne-anajAne aneka Dara satAne laga jAte haiM, taba ahiMsA se Digane kA rAstA banatA hai| para nizcita lakSya vAlA vyakti nahIM ddigtaa| dRr3ha nizcayI parAkramI zUra-vIra AdamI jIvana meM eka bAra maratA hai, kAyara AdamI hajAroM bAra maratA hai| use cintA aura bhaya satAte rahate haiN| bhaya bhItara rahatA hai aura vaha sukha ko kATatA rahatA hai| hamAre sukha kA sabase bar3A zatru hai bhaya, vaha sukha ko cirayuvA banane nahIM detaa| jise ahiMsA ko cirayuvA banAye rakhanA hai usake lie abhaya bananA jarUrI hai| mahAprajJa ne batalAyA ki abhaya kA vikAsa ahiMsA aura maitrI ke vikAsa ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| parivAra aura samAja meM, rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya kSetra meM sarvatra ahiMsA kA vikAsa ho, maitrI bhAva kA vikAsa ho to AdamI abhaya ho sakatA hai| abhaya aura ahiMsA kA paraspara ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai| donoM mahApuruSoM ne samAna rUpa se ise svIkArA hai| hiMsA kI zakti bhaya aura AMtaka paidA karane vAlI, DarAne vAlI, saMtApa dene vAlI hai| ahiMsA kI zakti abhaya kI cetanA ko jAgRta karane vAlI, maitrI, sauhArda, AtmIyatA, apanApana paidA karane vAlI hai| ahiMsA kI zarte vyakti ke jIvana meM ahiMsA avataraNa ke maulika kArakoM kI carcA mahattvapUrNa hai| tyAga paraka ahiMsA kA apanA mUlya hai| gAMdhI kA isa viSaya meM dRSTikoNa rahA hai ki hameM ahiMsA ke kSetra meM nita naI zodha karanI ho, aura mAnava jAti para zAsana karane vAle isa sanAtana aura mahAn niyama kI naI. naI zaktiyoM kA samaya.samaya para saMsAra ko paricaya karAnA ho, to isake lie yama.niyamoM kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| cUMki yama niyamoM kA pAlana Atma.zuddhi kA sAdhana hai| Atma zuddhi ke binA ahiMsA kI sAdhanA vyakti ke jIvana meM utara nahIM pAtI ataH Atma zuddhi jarUrI hai| Atma zuddhi ke binA jIvamAtra ke sAtha aikya sadha hI nahIM sktaa| Atma.zuddhi ke binA ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana sarvathA asaMbhava hai| namratA aura satya-parAyaNatA ke binA ahiMsA kA pAlana honA asaMbhava hai| unhoMne isa bAta para bala diyA ki 'ahiMsA kI siddhi ke lie yaha jarUrI hai ki kumArga se jo kucha prApta kiyA gayA ho usakA tyAga kara diyA jaaye|' sAdhana-zuddhi ke mahattva ko gauNa nahIM kiyA jaaye| ahiMsA kA pAlana karane vAle vyakti ke lie zarta hai ki paramezvara meM sajIva zraddhA honaa| gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM 'vIroM kI ahiMsA sAdhanA kI sabase pahalI zarta yaha hai ki hama apane dila meM rAma ke jIte-jAgate astitva kA anubhava kreN| isase vyakti ke bhItara zakti kA udaya hotA hai| ahiMsA kI zartoM ke anupAlana se naI cetanA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura vyakti apane mizana meM saphala hotA hai| ahiMsA avataraNa aura vikAsa ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa kA ciMtana rahA ki ahiMsA kA prAraMbha kisI ko mata mAro, mata satAo se zurU karo paraMtu isakI pratiSThA hetu katipaya mahattvapUrNa binduoM kI sAdhanA jarUrI hai| mana kI pavitratA, bhAvanA kI pavitratA, kalaha, kadAgraha, niMdA, cugalI, paraparivAda Adi mAnasika doSoM kA zamana aura prakSAlana ho, nirmalatA kA pratizata bar3he sAtha hI citta meM maitrI, pramoda, karuNA, audAsInya kA vikAsa ho tAki ahiMsA kI cetanA svataH sphUrta bana jaaye| unhoMne kahA-jIvana-praNAlI meM parivartana ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI mukhya zarta hai| Aja ke vyakti kI jIvana praNAlI zArIrika svAsthya aura mAnasika svAsthya ke lie acchI nahIM hai| Aja na kevala zArIrika svAsthya gar3abar3A rahA hai, mAnasika svAsthya bhI gar3abar3A rahA hai| aura jaba mana svastha nahIM hotA to hiMsA bar3hatI hai, aparAdha, hatyAeM aura Atma-hatyAeM bar3hatI hai| jIvana praNAlI ko badalanA 196 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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jarUrI hai| jIvana ke sAtha vahI vyakti maitrI sthApita kara sakatA hai jo jIvana praNAlI ko bdle| sAtha hI karuNA, maitrI aura saMvedanazIlatA kA vikAsa kre| vyakti apane prati pratidina maMgala bhAvanA kare-'zivasaMkalpamastu meM mnH|' yaha ciMtana jIvana nirmANa ke lie sabase zaktizAlI cintana hai| vyakti ke mana meM yaha cintana prabala bane-'metti me savvabhUesu'-saba prANiyoM ke prati merI maitrI hai| isase bar3A koI maMgala kArya ho nahIM sktaa| ahiMsA zaktizAlI bane, dharma maMgala va kalyANakArI bane, isake lie AdhyAtmikatA kA vikAsa jarUrI hai| aisA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba vyakti kI antara cetanA meM ahiMsA prakaTa ho| yaha ahiMsA vikAsa kI mahattvapUrNa zarta hai| ahiMsaka : svarUpa vimarza saMkalpa aura puruSArtha kI yuti jaba vyakti kI cetanA se saMpRkta hokara saghana bana jAtI hai ahiMsA vahIM vyakti kA sauMdarya banakara nikharatI hai| ahiMsA kA jIvaMta pujArI 'ahiMsaka' kI abhidhA se suzobhita hotA hai| mApadaNDa kI pRSThabhUmi meM aneka prazna khar3e hote haiN| kyA ahiMsaka vyakti vizeSa hI bana sakatA hai? kyA ahiMsA kA pAlana jIvana ke kisI ghaTanA prasaMga meM hI karaNIya hai? kyA saMnyAsI hI ahiMsaka bana sakatA hai athavA koI bhI? kyA ahiMsaka jIvana kI pratyeka pahelI ko ahiMsA se hI bujhAtA hai? ityAdi jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie manISI dvaya ke vicAroM kA AloDana jarUrI hai| pratyeka mAnava ke bhItara divyatA kA utsa vidyamAna rahatA hai| Atmazakti ke jAgaraNa se usakA sAkSAt anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| gAMdhI kA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki 'eka pazu ke rUpa meM manuSya hiMsApUrNa hai, kintu AtmA kI dRSTi se ahiMsaka hai| jisa kSaNa usakI vaha bhItarI AtmA jAga par3atI hai vaha nahIM bana sktaa| vyakti kI antara cetanA meM chipI prazasta bhAvanAoM ke AdhAra para ahiMsaka kI kalpanA kI na ki dharma athavA jAti vizeSa ke AdhAra pr| hindU mAtra ahiMsaka ho, kahA nahIM jA sktaa| 'tamAma hindU ahiMsaka hai? savAla kI jar3a meM jAkara vicAra karane para mAlUma hotA hai ki koI bhI ahiMsaka nahIM hai, kyoMki jIva ko to hama mArate hI haiN| lekina isa hiMsA se hama chUTanA cAhate haiM, isalie ahiMsaka kahalAte haiN| sAdhAraNa vicAra karane se mAlUma hotA hai ki bahuta se hindU mAMsa khAne vAle haiM, isalie ve ahiMsaka nahIM mAne jA skte| khIMca-tAnakara dUsarA artha karanA ho to mujhe kucha kahanA nahIM hai| ahiMsaka kA darjA mahAn hai| usameM Atmaupamya kI cetanA jAga jAtI hai| ahiMsaka manuSya to sadA AtmanirIkSaNa hI karegA aura isa parama satya kA patA lagA legA ki-'AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcareta' hameM vahI baratAva dUsaroM ke sAtha karanA cAhiye jo hama unase apane prati karAnA cAhate haiN| yahI sarvottama mArga hai| agara vaha svayaM hatyArA hotA to vaha apane pAgalapana ke lie apanA vadha kabhI nahIM karavAnA caahegaa| vaha to yaha cAhegA ki use apane ko sudhArane kA avasara mile| ahiMsaka yaha bhI jAnatA hai ki jise maiM banA nahIM sakatA use miTAnA bhI nahIM caahiye| jisake bhItara aisI cetanA jAgRta ho jAtI hai vahI saccA ahiMsaka ho sakatA hai| ahiMsAvAdI upayogitAvAda kA samarthana nahIM kara sktaa| vaha to 'sarvabhUtahitAya' yAni sabake lie adhikatama lAbha ke lie hI prayatna karegA aura isa Adarza kI prApti meM mara jaaygaa| isa prakAra vaha isalie maranA cAhegA jisameM dUsare jI skeN| ahiMsaka svatantratApUrvaka tabhI jI sakatA hai, jabaki ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 197

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vaha AvazyakatA par3ane para apane bhAI ke hAthoM, usa para jarA bhI prahAra nahIM karate hue marane ko taiyAra rhe| hatyA yA kisI dUsare vyakti para kI gaI pratyeka coTa, cAhe vaha kisI bhI kAraNa kyoM nahIM kI gaI ho, mAnavatA ke prati aparAdha hai| ahiMsAvAdI aura upayogitAvAdI apane rAste para kaI bAra mileNge| kiMtu anta meM aisA bhI avasara AyegA, jaba unheM alaga-alaga rAste pakar3ane hoMge aura kisIkisI dazA meM eka-dUsare kA virodha bhI karanA hogaa| tarkasaMgata na rahane ke lie upayogitAvAdI apane ko kabhI bali nahIM kara sktaa| parantu ahiMsAvAdI hamezA miTa jAne ko taiyAra rhegaa| ahiMsaka kA Adarza mahAn hotA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka ke svarUpa kA citraNa karate hue likhA-ahiMsaka vyakti vaha hai, jo kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, anAvazyaka hiMsA nahIM karatA, vaha kisI ko nahIM satAtA, kisI kA zoSaNa nahIM karatA, kisI ke sAtha dhokhAdhar3I nahIM karatA aura kisI ko duHkhI nahIM krtaa| apane Azaya ko vratoM kI kasauTI para rakhate hue likhA-ahiMsaka kA jIvana vratoM kA samavAya hai| jahAM eka-do nahIM, ahiMsA-satya-acaurya- brahmacarya-aparigraha pA~coM vratoM kA eka sAtha samAveza rahatA hai. ahiMsaka meM saba jIvoM ko Atmatulya samajhane kI prajJA prakaTa ho jAtI hai yaha usakA ahiMsA pakSa hai| . ahiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha vyakti meM RjutA prakaTa hotI hai| vahI usakA satya pakSa hai| ahiMsA se apanI maryAdA kA viveka jAgRta hotA hai| isalie ahiMsaka vyakti dUsaroM ke svatva kA apaharaNa nahIM karatA yahI usakA acaurya pakSa hai| ahiMsaka vyakti apane indriya aura mana para adhikAra sthApita karatA hai| yahI usakA brahmacarya pakSa hai| . ahiMsaka vyakti AtmalIna rahatA hai| vaha bAhya vastuoM meM Asakta nahIM hotA, yahI usakA aparigraha pakSa hai| ahiMsaka kauna bana sakatA hai? jo vyakti sva-para ke bhedabhAva se U~cA uThA huA hai, jisake sAmane pavitra lakSya hai, jisakA Atma-bala vikasita hai aura jo nirbhaya hai, vahI ahiMsaka bana sakatA hai| ise aura adhika spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM-ahiMsaka burAI ke sAtha kabhI bhI samajhautA nahIM kara sakatA, isalie use jitanA namra honA cAhie utanA kaThora bhii| 'vajrAdapi kaThorANi, mRduni kusumAdapi'-yaha bAta ahiMsaka ke lie solaha Ane sahI hai| kaThora kisI vyakti ke prati nahIM, apanI vRttiyoM ke prati hoM tAki burAI se samajhautA na karane ke kAraNa paidA hone vAlI kaThinAiyoM kA dRr3hatA se sAmanA kara ske| kathana meM ahiMsaka ke komalatA-kaThoratA dharma kA pratipAdana hai| viveka usakA nijI guNa hai ki kahA~ kisakA prayoga kre| jo prANiyoM ke prati daMDa kA parityAga kara hiMsAdi pApa karma nahIM karatA. vahI ahiMsaka mahAna agrantha arthAta nirgrantha kahalAtA hai| arthAta mUrchA kI granthi se mukta hue binA koI bhI ahiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsaka kA jIvana niyamopaniyama se yukta Adarza kI dizA meM gatizIla rahatA hai| ahiMsaka kA dharma kyA hai? gAMdhI ne samAhita karate hue kahA-ahiMsaka ko AdamI kI hiMsA karanI cAhie, aisA kahIM nahIM likhA hai| ahiMsaka ke lie to rAha sIdhI hai| use eka ko bacAne ke lie dUsare kI hiMsA karanI hI nahIM caahie| use to mAtra caraNa-vaMdanA karanI cAhie, sirpha samajhAne kA kAma karanA cAhie isI meM usakA puruSArtha hai| itanA hI nahIM use to apanI sahiSNutA kI 198 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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zakti kA vikAsa yahA~ taka karanA hotA hai ki kisI bhI dharmagraMtha meM varNita acchAI ko grahaNa kara ske| jo virATa dRSTi se dekhanA cAhate haiM, ve dekha sakeMge ki kurAna zarIpha meM aise saikar3oM vacana haiM jo hinduoM ko mAnya hoM; bhagavadgItA meM aisI bAteM likhI hai ki jinake khilApha musalamAna ko koI bhI etarAja nahIM ho sktaa| kurAna zarIpha kA kucha bhAga maiM na samajha pAMU yA kucha bhAga mujhe pasaMda na Aye, isa bajaha se kyA maiM use mAnane vAle se napharata karUM? kadApi nhiiN| yahI ahiMsaka kA Adarza patha hotA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ahiMsA aura ahiMsaka ke dharma ko abhedopacAra kI dRSTi se dekhate-ahiMsA ke lie zarIra-bala se kahIM adhika Atma-bala kI apekSA hai| mAnasika kamajorI AI; chipAne-dabAne kI bAta AI ki ahiMsA nau do gyAraha ho jAtI hai| ahiMsaka ke sAmane Age bar3hane kA eka lakSya honA caahie| usake binA vaha Atma-bala baTora nahIM sktaa| ataH ahiMsaka saralatA se bolatA hai, saralatA se calatA hai aura saralatA se karatA hai| ahiMsaka kI pratyeka kriyA sahaja bhAva se niSpanna hotI hai usameM lukAva-chipAva, kuTilatA ko sthAna nahIM rhtaa| ahiMsaka kA dharma hI usake lakSya ko nirdhArita karatA hai| __Ama vyakti se bhinna ahiMsaka kI bhUmikA kA citraNa kiyA gayA kyoMki ahiMsaka kI bhUmikA paramArtha kI hotI hai| vaha paramArtha ko Age kara svArtha se ldd'e| vaha soce-ye paudgalika vastue~ bigar3ane vAlI haiM, naSTa hone vAlI haiN| upayoga hogA to bhI bigar3eMgI, upayoga nahIM hogA to bhI bigdd'eNgii| taba phira Asakti kyoM? yaha socakara unakI cintA se mukta rahane kA prayatna karatA hai| eka ora anAsakti ke vikAsa kA Adarza to dUsarI ora pratikriyA virati kA prayatna ahiMsaka ke jIvana ko nikhAratA hai| ahiMsaka pratikriyA virati ko apanA Atma dharma samajhatA hai| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM ahiMsaka isalie acchA vyavahAra nahIM karatA ki dUsarA mere sAtha acchA vyavahAra kara rahA hai| vaha burA vyavahAra karane vAle ke prati bhI acchA vyavahAra karatA hai| sUtrAtmaka zailI meM prastuti dI . ahiMsaka pratibimba kA jIvana jInA nahIM caahtaa|| . ahiMsaka pratikriyA kA jIvana jInA nahIM caahtaa|| . ahiMsaka pratidhvani kA jIvana jInA nahIM caahtaa| kisI ne acchA vyavahAra kiyA, isalie maiM usake sAtha acchA vyavahAra karU~-yaha saudA hai, vinimaya hai| ahiMsaka burAI ko jAnatA huA bhI dUsaroM ke sAtha acchA vyavahAra karatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra jAnate the ki caMDa kauzika pairoM para DaMka mAra rahA hai, phira bhI usa para akRpA kI dRSTi nahIM huii| dUsarI ora loga pUjA karane Ae, una para bhI vahI dRSTi rhii| yaha utkRSTa udAharaNa hai ahiMsaka ke Atma dharma prayoga kaa| yaha samatAplAvita vyavahAra kA apUrva saMdeza hai| ahiMsaka kI cetanA se karuNA kA ajamna srota bahatA hai| use jIvana ke pratyeka karma meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| karuNA zUnya jIvana sva-para donoM ke lie khataranAka bana sakatA hai| usake abhAva meM vyakti krUratApUrNa vyavahAra karatA hai| isake padacinha yatra-tatra dekhe jAte haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para-Ajakala gAMvoM meM dUdha zuddha mila jAtA hai para zaharoM meM to dUdha bhI nakalI AtA hai siMtheTika dUdha, jisameM kitane taraha ke jahara mile rahate haiN| isa taraha kA kArya karane vAle kitanA nukasAna kara rahe haiN| AdamI-AdamI ke prati anyAya kare, svArthavaza andhA bana jAe, yaha ahiMsaka mAnava ke lie acchA nahIM hai| ahiMsaka karuNAdra hogA niSkaruNa nhiiN| ahiMsaka kI maryAdA kyA hai? vaha hiMsA kI jalatI jvAlA meM kyA kareM? isa pahelI ko bujhAte ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 199

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hue gAMdhI ne kahA-'vaha apanI bali de, apane prANoM kA utsarga kareM, yaha ahiMsaka kI maryAdA hai para dUsare ke prANoM kA utsarga kareM, yaha ahiMsaka kI maryAdA nahIM hai|' kathana kI puSTi meM kahA-bar3I se bar3I uttejanA ke Age bhI DaTe rahane aura pasta himmata na hone kI tAkata ahiMsaka meM na ho, to usakI koI bar3I kImata nahIM ho sktii| cAhe jitanI uttejanA ke sAmane Tike rahane kI zakti meM hI usakI saccI kasauTI hai| striyoM kA satItva lUTA gayA ho aura use apanI A~khoM dekhane vAle ahiMsAvAdI sAkSI ho, to ve jIvita kahAM se rheNge| Azaya spaSTa hai ki ahiMsaka kAyara nahIM ho sktaa| usake bhItara burAI se saMgharSa karane kA paryApta sAmarthya hotA hai| gAMdhI kA mAnanA thA ki ahiMsaka eka bhI kAphI hotA hai, usa eka se bhI jagat ko AzvAsana milegaa| AcArya mahAprajJa kI dRSTi meM ahiMsaka kI maryAdAeM sakhta hotI hai| eka saccA ahiMsaka mauta kI ghar3iyoM meM bhI dhairya ko nahIM chodd'taa| kisI bhI paristhiti meM aMtaHkaraNa kI zAMti bhaMga nahIM krtaa| mArane kI kSamatA rakhatA haA bhI mAratA nahIM yaha ahiMsaka kI divya zakti kA pramANa hai| vaha apanI tarapha se sabhI ko abhaya banA detA hai| ahiMsaka apane prANa kA visarjana kara sakatA hai, kintu mArane vAlA nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsaka aura kAyaratA meM koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| bhIrU AdamI ahiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsaka ko dhamakiyAM aura bandara 'ghur3akiyAM' bhI sahanI par3atI haiN| ahiMsA kA teja hI ahiMsaka ko tejasvI banAtA hai| usakA teja viziSTa guNoM ke samAcaraNa se bar3hatA hai| vizeSa rUpa se sadabhAvanA kA vikAsa maitrI yA prema kA vikaas| apane virodhI ke prati bhI mana meM pUrI sadbhAvanA jisake mana meM nahIM hogI, vaha saphala ahiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bahuta gaharI bheda rekhA khIMcI thI pApI aura pApa ke bIca meN| pApa yA burAI ke prati ghRNA kA bhAva ho sakatA hai kintu vyakti ke prati nahIM, pApI ke prati nhiiN| jaba isa sadbhAvanA kA vikAsa hotA hai tabhI ahiMsA kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai.....sadbhAvanA ke lie anivArya hai kaSTa-sahiSNutA kA vikaas|.....ahiNsk vyakti svecchA se apanI kaSTa-sahiSNutA kA vikAsa karatA hai aura samaya para ahiMsA ke lie Ane vAle bar3e-se-bar3e kaSTa ko jhelane kI vaha kSamatA rakhatA hai| pratikriyA karanA bhI ahiMsaka kI maryAdA nahIM hai| usa samaya ahiMsaka kI maryAdA hai-vaha mauna ho jaae| vaha soce-maiMne ise samajhAyA, merA kartavya to maiMne nibhA diyaa| aisA vicAra honA bar3A kaThina hai para jisane hRdaya se ahiMsA ko apanAyA hai, usakI maryAdA ko samajhA hai usake lie kucha bhI asaMbhava nahIM hai| samaya para zAMta-mauna rahakara bhI apanI zakti kA paricaya de sakatA hai| ahiMsaka kI maryAdA use utpathagAmI nahIM hone detii| ataH ahiMsaka apane doSoM ko chipAne kI bAta bhI nahIM jaantaa| vaha apanI bhUloM ko dUsare ke sAmane rakhakara apane ko halkA anubhava karatA hai| isake lie Atmabala kA vikAsa jarUrI hai| ahiMsaka ke samakSa Age bar3hane kA eka pavitra lakSya honA caahie| nirbhayatA ahiMsaka kA maulika guNa hai| bhaya se kAyaratA AtI hai, kAyaratA se mAnasika kamajorI aura usase hiMsA kI vRtti bar3hatI hai| yaha ahiMsaka kI maryAdA ke pratikUla hai ataH ahiMsaka ko na mauta kA Dara, na aniSTa kA Dara, na alAbha kA Dara satAtA hai| ahiMsaka ko akelepana kA Dara bhI nahIM honA caahie| mahAprajJa ne likhA-'ahiMsAvratI ko vaisI vastueM nahIM khAnI cAhie, jinase AvazyakatApUrti kama ho aura hiMsA adhik| use svAda ke lie kucha bhI nahIM khAnA cAhie aura mAdaka vastuoM kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| ye ahiMsaka kI maulika maryAdAeM dUsaroM ke lie Adarza hai evaM svayaM ke lie 200 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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AnaMdamaya jIvana kA aparihArya aMga banatI hai| ahiMsaka vyakti kI saphalatA kI zartoM kA jikra gAMdhI ne kiyA hai| jo loga pakke ahiMsaka haiM, ve isa bAta kI paravAha nahIM kareMge ki unake virodhI prabala sainika zakti vAle hai yA kamajora / maiM isa bAta kA hRdaya se samarthana karatA hUM ki saccA ahiMsA-parAyaNa vahI hai jo prahAra karane kI kSamatA rakhate hue bhI ahiMsAtmaka banA rahatA ho|' ahiMsAvAdI sadA miTa jAne ko prastuta rhegaa| ina zartoM ke binA saphalatA kI kAmanA apUrNa raha jAtI hai| gAMdhI ne jahA~ eka ahiMsaka ke svarUpa-guNa-zatoM kA jikra kiyA vahA~ apane dezavAsiyoM kI tathA apane ahiMsaka jIvana kI apUrNatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA-'sacce ahiMsaka hindustAna ko kisI bhI videzI zakti se koI Dara na hogA aura na use apanI surakSA ke lie briTiza ber3oM aura havAI phaujoM kA muMha tAkanA hogaa| maiM jAnatA hUM abhI hamAre andara bahAduroM kI ahiMsA nahIM A pAI hai| unhoMne ahiMsaka zakti ko duniyA kI sarvazreSTha misAla btaayaa| isakI saphalatA para saMdeha kI rekhA bhI unake dimAga meM sthAna na banA paaii| gAMdhI ke ciMtana se kucha haTakara AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka kI saphalatA kI zartoM kA ullekha kiyaa| pahalI zarta hai ki usakA mAnasika saMtulana, apane AvegaAveza para niyaMtraNa ho| krodha, mAna, mAyA-lobha, cugalI, niMdA, AropaNa, ghRNA, tiraskAra, kalaha, pakSa kA Agraha aura bhaya ye Avega haiM, jo asaMtulita sthiti meM tana-mana ko rugNa banA dete haiN| ahiMsaka ko dhIra-gambhIra aura zAnta hokara vegAtmaka vRttiyoM para vijaya pAnI caahie| Avega mukti, vAsanAmukti aura vyasana-mukti hone se roga-mukti svayaM ho jAtI hai| Avega vijaya kA artha hai-svAsthya, svasthatA, aatm-sthiti| AvegoM ke niyantraNa se udAtta vRttiyAM phalatI haiM-kSamA yA upazama, namratA yA mRdutA, RjutA, anAsakta bhAva yA santoSa, para-guNa-grAhakatA, sva-zlAghA-varjana, sva-doSa-darzana, prema yA maitrI, zAnti, satya kA Agraha, abhy| eka saccA ahiMsaka apane niyaMtraNa kI cAbI apane pAsa rakhatA hai, jo usakI saphalatA kA rAja hai| ahiMsaka ke maulika svarUpa kI ora iMgita karate hue mahAprajJa ne saphalatA ke sUtra prastuta kiyeM* ahiMsaka ko krUra nahIM honA caahie| krodha krUratA lAtA hai prema kA nAza karatA hai| * ahiMsaka namra hogA, udaNDa nhiiN| lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha, jIvana-mRtyu, niMdA-prazaMsA, mAna apamAna meM jo samavRtti hotA hai, vahI ahiMsaka hai| ahiMsaka ko kAya-Rju, bhASA-Rju, bhAva-Rju honA caahie| . padArthoM ke lie yA unake vyavahAra meM Asakti na ho| Asakti yA asaMtoSa hiMsA hai| parokSa meM burAI karanA cugalI hai aura sAmane burAI karanA nindA hai| ahiMsaka ina se uparata ho|38 sahakArI bindu : ahiMsaka vizvAsapAtra honA caahie| vaha cApalUsa nahIM hotA parantu sadbhAvanA ke dvArA eka abhimAnI ke dila ko bhI jIta letA hai| eka ahiMsaka kabhI jhUThI prazaMsA nahIM krtaa| ahiMsaka kisI ke sAtha anabana na kre| vaha svayaM anabana ke rAste para na jaae| dUsarA koI jAe to usakI jimmedArI ahiMsaka nahIM le sktaa| . ahiMsaka kisI ke prati anyAya na kre| anyAya kA dUsarA artha hai-asNym| ahiMsA kA ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 201

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mUla maMtra hai-sNym| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-ahiMsaka vaha hai jo hAthoM kA saMyama kare, pairoM kA saMyama kare, vANI kA saMyama kare aura indriyoM kA saMyama kreN| . ahiMsaka kI dRSTi antarmukhI ho| apane isa antarmukhI svabhAva ke kAraNa ahiMsaka sva para hita saMrakSaNa ke prati jAgarUka rhegaa| ahiMsaka kA jo sparUpa manISI dvaya ne prastuta kiyA hai vaha eka Adarza vyaktitva kA paricAyaka hai| sAtha hI bhAratIya saMskRti ke 'RSi-puruSa' kI saMkalpanA ko AkAra dene vAlA prakalpa bhI hai| ahiMsA pratiSThAdhAra : zikSA bAlaka ke bhItara chipI ananta saMbhAvanAoM ko ukerane aura sahI AkAra dene meM zikSA kI ahama bhUmikA hai| zikSA eka aisI tUlikA hai jisase cAhe jaise Adarza vyaktitva kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| zikSA eka aisI cAbI hai jisake dvArA Antarika kSamatAoM para lage tAle khula jAte haiN| zikSA ke dvArA una guNoM kA bIja vapana kiyA jA sakatA hai jisakI niSpatti vyakti meM dekhanA cAhate haiN| zikSA kA stara, isakA prayogAtmaka svarUpa vyaktitva nirmANa meM yogabhUta banatA hai| vyakti meM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kA prazna zikSA se hI saMbhava banatA hai| zikSA bAlaka ke bhItara ahiMsaka cetanA ko paidA karane meM samartha hai| zikSA ke saMdarbha meM ahiMsaka mUlyoM ke samAkalana kI apekSA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI, AcArya mahAprajJa ke zikSA viSayaka vicAra naitika mUlyoM evaM ahiMsaka cetanA jagAne meM samartha haiN| unameM maulikatA, samAdhAyakatA, samAnatA aura viziSTatA kA anupama saMgama hai| zikSA meM ahiMsA samAveza kI saMkalpanA gAMdhI kI nirAlI thii| unake abhimata meM- ahiMsA pracaMDa zastra hai| usameM parama puruSArtha hai| vaha bhIrU se dUra bhAgatI hai| vaha vIra puruSa kI zobhA hai| usakA sarvasva hai| yaha zaSka. nIrasa. jaDa padArtha nahIM hai| yaha cetanAmaya hai| yaha AtmA kA vizeSagaNa hai| isalie zikSA meM ahiMsA kI dRSTi hai, ahiMsA rUpI prema sUrya hai, vaira-bhAva ghora andhakAra hai| yadi sUrya Tokare ke nIce chipAyA jA sake to zikSA meM rahI huI ahiMsA-dRSTi bhI chipAyI jA sakatI hai| zikSA meM samAI ahiMsA kI soca gAMdhI kI sUkSma thii| unhoMne yaha AzA prakaTa kI thI ki zikSA ke dvArA bAlaka kI ahiMsaka cetanA ko adhika sakriya, tejasvI banAyA jAye jisase ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmANa kA sapanA sAkAra bana ske| cAlU zikSA paddhati kI apUrNatA, akSamatA ko dekhakara gAMdhI kA hRdaya bola uThA-sArI zikSApaddhati hI aisI kharAba hai ki vaha manuSya ko pUrI zikSA samApta karane ke bAda bhI sthira mana aura sthira vicAra vAlA nahIM bnaatii| vaha jar3amUla se sar3I huI hai, use bilkula naye sire se nirmANa karane kI jarUrata hai| yaha maMtavya zikSA saMbaMdhI aMtara pIr3A ke sAtha chichalI niSpatti ko dyotita karatA hai| unhoMne pAyA ki cAlU zikSA paddhati aneka kamajoriyoM kI zikAra hai isase vAMchita pariNAma pAnA asaMbhava hai| zikSA ke viSaya meM gAMdhI ke vicAra bar3e udAtta the| zikSA manuSya ke zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika aura Atmika vikAsa sAdhana kI paddhati hai| vaha agara sahI hai to zikSA ke dvArA manuSya sahI prakAra se vikAsa kara sakatA hai|" AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAra gAMdhI ke saMvAdI kahe jA sakate haiN| unakA kahanA ki eka tarapha to ahiMsaka samAja racanA kI bAta kara rahe haiM, dUsarI ora hamArI zikSA kevala bauddhika vyakti paidA kara rahI hai| bhAvanA kI zikSA ke binA bauddhika zikSA vyartha hai| 202 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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zikSA meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa ke lie koI sthAna hI nahIM hai| jaba taka hamArI zikSA meM bauddhika vyaktitva ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvanAtmaka vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI bAta nahIM jur3egI, ahiMsA kI bAta vyartha ho jaaegii| 'vartamAna meM jo zikSA cala rahI hai, usa zikSA meM zubhatva ko aura ahiMsA jaise tattvoM ko prakaTa karane vAlI zikSA nahIM mila rahI hai|12 vaijJAnika takanIka vikAsa ke bataura iMTaraneTa ke kenavAsa para Aja duniyA simaTa cukI hai| koI bhI vyakti ghaTane vAlI kisI ghaTanA ke prabhAva se achUtA nahIM hai| pUrA vizva azAMti ke daura se gujara rahA hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa-zikSA praNAlI meM najara aayegaa| pracalita zikSA praNAlI sadoSa hai, truTipUrNa hai| vartamAna zikSA praNAlI meM manuSya ko apane bhAvoM para, saMvegoM para niyaMtraNa kI bAta nahIM ki I jaatii| pariNAmataH vartamAna yaga meM zikSA eka DharrA bana gii| pariNAma yaha hai ki jitanI jyAdA zikSA-bar3hI utane hI aparAdha bar3ha rahe haiN| par3he-likhe loga aparAdha meM jyAdA dakSa hote haiN| aparAdha kI ve naI-naI takanIka vikasita kara lete haiN| Aja zikSA meM parivartana bahuta Avazyaka hai| vaha zikSA Avazyaka hai, jisameM karuNA, saMvedanA kI cetanA jAge aura hiMsA tathA aparAdha kama hoN| jaba taka bhAvAtmaka zikSA kA vikAsa nahIM hogA, taba taka samasyA kA samAdhAna saMbhava nhiiN| vartamAna zikSA se artha kamAne kI kalA to AtI hai, kintu acchA jIvana jIne kI kalA nahIM A paatii| jisa zikSA praNAlI meM apane bhAvoM, saMvegoM aura AvegoM para niyaMtraNa karane kI bAta nahIM sikhAI jAtI vaha zikSA praNAlI hamezA yuddha aura azAMti kA khatarA banAe rakhatI hai| antarrASTrIya tanAva aura zastrIkaraNa ne mAnava samAja ko isa saccAI kI ora dRSTipAta karane ke lie vivaza kiyA hai| vivazatA meM sva-vazatA kA sUtra milA-zikSA kI prakriyA ko pUrNa banAyA jaaye| zikSA kA dhyeya zikSA kA dhyeya hai-'sA vidyA yA vimuktye|' jo mukti ke yogya banAye vaha vidyA, bAkI saba avidyaa| isakA saMdarbha jIvanagata samasta samasyAoM se jur3A hai| jo vyakti ko samasyAoM se Upara uThane kI kalA na sIkhA pAye vaha zikSA apane maulika gaurava ko nahIM pA sktii| ataH gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM jo citta kI zuddhi na kare, mana aura indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhanA na sikhAye, nirbhayatA aura svAvalaMbana paidA na kare, nirvAha kA sAdhana na batAye aura gulAmI se chUTane aura AjAda rahane kA hausalA aura sAmarthya na upajAye usa zikSA meM cAhe jitanI jAnakArI kA khajAnA, tArkika kuzalatA aura bhASApAMDitya maujUda ho vaha zikSA nahIM hai yA adhUrI zikSA hai| unakI dRSTi meM saccI zikSA vidyArthI ko pUrNatA pradAna karatI hai| adhUrI zikSA se vidyArthI kevala pustakIya zabdArtha jJAna to hAsila kara letA hai para jIvana ke hara mor3a para sAmaMjasya kI kalA nahIM sIkha paataa| 'pAla mAla gajaga' ke lekhaka ko uddhRta karate hue likhA 'hama jAnate haiM ki saccI zikSA kA artha purAnI yA vartamAna pustakoM kA jJAna prApta karanA hI nahIM hai| saccI zikSA vAtAvaraNa meM hai; AsapAsa kI paristhitiyoM; aura sAthasaMgati meM, jisase jAne-anajAne hama AdateM grahaNa karate haiM, tathA khAsakara kAma meM hai| bRddhi pUrvaka kiyA jAnevAlA zrama hI saccI prAthamika zikSA hai|" __ spaSTIkaraNa meM gAMdhI ne likhA-zikSA meM jo dRSTi paidA karanI hai vaha paraspara ke nitya sambandha kI hai| jahAM vAtAvaraNa ahiMsA rUpI prANavAyu ke jariye svaccha aura sugaMdhita ho cukA hai, vahAM para vidyArthI aura vidyArthiniyAM sage bhAI-bahana ke samAna vicaratI hoMgI, vahAM vidyArthiyoM aura adhyApakoM ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 203

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ke bIca pitA-putra kA sambandha hogA, eka dUsare ke prati Adara hogaa| aise ahiMsAmaya vAtAvaraNa meM pale hue vidyArthI sabake prati udAra hoMge, ve sahaja hI samAja sevA ke lie lAyaka hoNge| ahiMsA rUpI agni meM ahaM bhasma ho gayA hogaa| usakA vyavahAra sabake lie mAnavocita hogaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne gAMdhI ke zikSA saMbaMdhI vicAroM ko gati pradAna kii| isa saccAI ko pakar3A ki Aja kA vyakti ahiMsA kI bAta ko bhUla-sA gayA hai| upAya kA prazna; kisa upAya se ahiMsA ke mUlya ko punaH prasthApita kiyA jAe mahattvapUrNa hai? AcArya mahAprajJa kI haMsa manISA ne upAya khojA ki bacapana se hI ahiMsA kI AsthA utpanna kI jaae| zikSA ke sAtha isa saMskAra ko puSTa kiyA jAeM ki 'saba jIva samAna hai|' dUsarA manuSya vaisA hI hai jaisA maiM huuN| aura jaisA maiM hU~, vaisA hI dUsarA manuSya hai| itanI AsthA utpanna ho jAe to mAnavIya vyavahAra badala jAe aura yaha bacapana meM jyAdA saMbhava hai, kyoMki usa avasthA taka dUsare saMskAra hAvI nahIM hote, prabhAvI nahIM bnte| mahAprajJa bala pUrvaka kahate-jarUrata hai dRSTikoNa badaleM, ciMtana bdleN| zikSA parivartana kA sabase bar3A mAdhyama hai| zikSA ko hama parivartana ke dvArA kaise jyAdA se jyAdA sArthaka aura kAryakArI banAeM, jisase prAraMbha se hI vidyArthI meM naitikatA ke saMskAra bneN| prAraMbha se hI zikSA ke sAtha agara sImAkaraNa kA bodha karAyA jAe, saMyama kA pATha par3hAyA jAe to mastiSka kA vikAsa hogA, caritra kA bhI vikAsa hogaa| donoM kA saMtulana bahuta jarUrI hai| jIvana meM caritra aura jJAna-donoM kA yoga honA caahie| ........zikSA ke sAtha isakI bahuta saMgati baiThatI hai ki prArambha se hI baccoM meM vaisI avasthAoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAe jinakI apekSA samAja rakhatA hai| aura jinheM hama sAmAjika mUlya ke rUpa meM vikasita karanA cAhate haiN| zikSA kA uddezya thA-vyaktitva kA nirmaann| Aja kI zikSA usa uddezya ko prApta karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| ucca zikSA kA paryApta vikAsa hone ke bAvajUda, usakI naI-naI zAkhAeM (jo atIta meM nahIM thI) kholane ke bAda bhI vyakti kI AparAdhika, pAzvika pravRttiyoM meM koI antara nahIM AyA, varan unameM bar3hotarI hI huI hai| isakI taha meM jAyeM to zikSA vyavasthA bhI truTipUrNa anubhava hogii| hama vidyArthI ko kabhI bhI ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa nahIM dete. na hI use kabhI zAMti kA prazikSaNa dete haiN| zikSA isIlie Aja praznoM ke ghere meM haiN| zikSA kA pariNAma acchA AcAra, acchA saMskAra nahIM A rahA hai, isalie pariNAma apekSA ke anusAra nahIM A rahA hai| acchA bIja hai-saMtulita jnyaan| zarIra kA jJAna, mana kA jJAna aura buddhi kA jnyaan| inake saMdarbha meM hamane bahuta vicAra karane ke pazcAt jIvana vijJAna kA prakalpa diyaa| jisameM zikSA kI catuSpadI-Adarza, uddhezya, paddhati aura sAmagrI para vizeSa dhyAna kendrita kiyA gayA hai| zikSA kA Adarza hai-sthitprjnytaa| lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha, nindA-prazaMsA, mAna-apamAna, jIvanamaraNa Adi dvandvoM kI sthiti meM jisakI prajJA samatva kI anubhUti karane laga jAtI hai vaha sthitaprajJa hotA hai| zikSA kA uddezya hai-sarvAMgINa vyaktitva kA vikaas| usake cAra aMga haiM-zArIrika vikAsa, bauddhika vikAsa, mAnasika vikAsa aura bhAvanAtmaka vikaas| paddhati-siddhAMta aura prayoga-donoM kA saMtulana apekSita hai| zikSA kI sAmagrI ke cAra mahattvapUrNa aMga haiM. uddezya kI pUrti karane vAlI pustkeN| 204 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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. uddezya kI dizA meM sahAyatA karane vAlA shikssk| . uddezya kI pUrti meM sahAyaka vaataavrnn| . uddezya kI pUrti meM preraka banane vAle abhibhaavk| zikSA kI yaha catuSpadI ahiMsaka vAtAvaraNa banAne meM sakSama hai| isake samyak anuzIlana se zikSA kA vAMchita dhyeya sAkAra bana sakatA hai| manISiyoM ke vicAroM meM bhale hI vaividhya hai para unakA dhyeya samAna rUpa se zikSA dvArA vidyArthI ko paripUrNa banAnA hai| akhaMDa vyaktitva nirmANa kI AkAMkSA se gAMdhI ne zikSA kA prArUpa banAyA thaa| unakI dRSTi meM manuSya na to korI buddhi hai, na sthUla zarIra hai aura na kevala hRdaya yA AtmA hI hai| saMpUrNa manaSya ke nirmANa ke lie tInoM ke ucita aura ekarasa mela kI jarUrata hai aura yahI zikSA kI saccI vyavasthA hai| unakA spaSTa abhiprAya thA ki jaba taka mastiSka aura zarIra kA vikAsa sAtha-sAtha na ho aura usI parimANa meM AtmA kI jAgratI na hotI rahe, taba taka kevala buddhi ke ekAMgI vikAsa se kucha vizeSa lAbha nahIM hogaa| AdhyAtmika zikSA se merA Azaya hRdaya kI tAlIma se hai| isalie mastiSka kA ThIka aura caturmukhI vikAsa tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba vaha bacce kI zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kI tAlIma ke sAtha-sAtha hotA ho| ye saba eka aura avibhAjya haiN| zikSA ke abhinava prArUpa ke jariye rASTrIya paimAne para krAMti ghaTita karanA cAhate the| isake lie unhoMne sArthaka prayatna kiyeN| ahamadAbAda meM gujarAta vidyApITha kI sthApanA karate samaya (15-11-1920) gAMdhI ne kahA-isa mahAvidyAlaya kI pratiSThA karane kA uddezya kevala vidyAdAna nahIM hai, balki AjIvikA kI prApti ke lie sAdhana kara denA bhI hai| yoM maiMne zikSA ke kSetra meM aisA koI bar3A kAma nahIM kiyA ki tumheM batA sakU~ ki yaha kArya mahAn-se-mahAn hai| yahA~ isa kArya ke lie (adhyApakoM kA) jo saMgama huA hai, vaha tIrtha-rUpa hai| yahA~ caritravAn puruSa jamA hue haiN| sundara sindhI, sundara mahArASTrI, sundara gujarAtI logoM kA saMgama huA hai| vidyA kA nahIM, caritra kA camatkAra batAkara Apa svAtaMtrya dilaayeNge| svarAjya kA sundara vRkSa caritra kA pAnI pilAne se, zuddha devI bala se phuule-phlegaa| vidyArthI to paristhiti ke darpaNa haiN| unameM daMbha nahIM hai, dveSa nahIM, Dhoga nhiiN| jaise haiM, vaise hI apane ko dikhAte haiN| yadi unameM puruSArtha nahIM, satya nahIM, brahmacarya nahIM, ahiMsA nahIM, to doSa unakA nahIM, mA~-bApoM kA, adhyApakoM kA hai| AcArya kA hai, rAjA kA hai| isa vidyAlaya kI pratiSThA hama vidyA kI daSTi se nahIM, balki rASTrIya dRSTi se kara rahe haiN| vidyArthiyoM ko balavAn caritravAn banAne ke lie merA sArA prayatna hai| vidyArthiyoM se merA anurodha hai ki mujha para tumhArI jitanI zraddhA hai, utanI hI zraddhA apane adhyApakoM para rkhnaa| parantu yadi tuma apane adhyApakoM ko balahIna pAo to usa samaya tuma prahlAda jaisI agni se usa AcArya ko aura una adhyApakoM ko bhasma kara DAlanA aura apanA kAma Age bddh'aanaa| kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke vidyArthiyoM ke samakSa unhoMne kahA-dUsarI vidyA mile yA na mile, parantu isa vartamAna vidyA ko chodd'o| yadi vartamAna sthiti ke lie saccA vairAgya mere jaisA vairAgya paidA huA ho, yaha lagatA hai ki svatantratA ke lie kucha bhI vicAra kiye binA isakA tyAga karanA hI dharma hai| vidyAlaya meM bar3I-se-bar3I zikSA milatI ho, suvidhAeM milatI hoM to unakA bhI bhArata ke lAbha ke lie balidAna karane kI jarUrata hai| spaSTa dhvanita hotA hai ki unakI dRSTi meM zikSA kA doharA dAyitva thaa| eka to vidyArthiyoM meM naitika-cAritrika guNoM kA bIja vapana karanA dUsarA rASTrIya ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 205

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stara para AjAdI ke lie jana cetanA jAgRta krnaa| isI lakSya se gAMdhI kI zikSA soca vibhinna rUpoM meM prakaTa huii| jaise-strI zikSA, praur3ha zikSA, AjIvana zikSA, dhArmika zikSA, mAdhyamika zikSA tathA ucca zikSA aadi| unakI saMpUrNa zikSA yojanA meM zikSA ke do prakAroM kA vizeSa vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai-buniyAdI zikSA tathA ucca shikssaa| 'buniyAdI zikSA' kI bAta gAMdhI ne 1935 meM kii| usakA Adi prayoga TaoNlasTaoNya phArma meM huA thA, jahAM samasta zikSA eka-na-eka zArIrika zrama ke mAdhyama se hI dI jAtI thii| buniyAdI zikSA kI pRSThabhUmi meM unakA sapanA thA ki svatantra bhArata meM zikSA aisI cAhie, jo vidyArthiyoM meM parizrama ke prati Adara kI bhAvanA paidA karake unheM apane pairoM para khar3A hone lAyaka / ske| zikSA viSayaka gAMdhI ke anabhava paraka maulika vicAra the. dakSiNa aphrIkA kI phiniksabastI aura TaoNlasTaoNya phArma meM ve baccoM ke skUla calAne meM madada kara cuke the| unakA vizvAsa dRr3ha ho cukA thA ki skUloM meM kitAbI par3hAI para AvazyakatA se adhika jora diyA jAtA hai aura chAtroM ke caritra-nirmANa evaM unheM hanara sikhAne para koI dhyAna nahIM diyA jaataa|.....buniyaadii zikSA kI yaha yojanA vardhA-yojanA ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura jisa samiti ne use taiyAra kiyA thA usake adhyakSa bhArata ke prasiddha zikSA-zAstrI DaoN. jAkira husaina the| buniyAdI zikSA kA uddezya vardhA yojanA ke AlocakoM ke saMdeha kA nivAraNa karate hue gAMdhI ne kahA-buniyAdI zikSA kA uddezya chAtroM ko kArIgara banAnA nahIM, balki hasta-kauzala aura aneka uparakaraNoM ke dvArA zikSA denA hai| dhI ne ise zramamUlaka zikSA kahA thaa| zArIrika zrama ke sAtha unhoMne buddhi ke anya guNoM ke vikAsa ko nakArA nhiiN| unakA kahanA thA 'usa AdamI ne saccI zikSA pAyI hai, jisake zarIra ko aisI Adata DAlI gayI hai ki vaha usake vaza meM rahatA hai, jisakA zarIra caina se aura AsAnI se sauMpA huA kAma karatA hai| usa AdamI ne saccI zikSA pAyI hai, jisakI buddhi zuddha, zAMta aura nyAyadarzI hai| buniyAdI zikSA kA uddezya dastakArI ke mAdhyama se bAlakoM ko zArIrika, bauddhika aura naitika vikAsa ke sAtha svAvalambI banAnA hai| buniyAdI zikSA ke mukhya siddhAMta nimna haiM. pUrI zikSA svAvalambI honI caahiye| yAnI, Akhira meM pU~jI ko chor3akara apanA sArA kharca use khuda denA caahie| isameM AkhirI darje taka hAtha kA parA-parA upayoga kiyA jaay| yAni, vidyArthI apane hAthoM se koI na koI udyoga-dhaMdhA AkhirI darje taka kreN| sArI tAlIma vidyArthiyoM kI prAntIya bhASA dvArA dI jAnI caahiye| isameM sAmpradAyika dhArmika zikSA ke lie koI jagaha nahIM hogii| lekina buniyAdI naitika tAlIma ke lie kAphI guMjAiza hogii| yaha tAlIma, phira use bacce leM yA bar3e, aurateM le yA marda, vidyArthiyoM ke gharoM meM phuNcegii| cU~ki isa tAlIma ko pAne vAle lAkhoM-karor3oM vidyArthI apane Apako sAre hindustAna ke nAgarika samajheMge, isalie unheM eka AMtara-prAMtIya bhASA sIkhanI hogii| sAre deza kI yaha eka bhASA nAgarI yA urdU meM likhI jAnevAlI hindustAnI hI ho sakatI hai| isalie vidyArthiyoM ko donoM lipiyAM acchI taraha sIkhanI hoNgii| 206 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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zikSA kA AzramI Adarza navInatA aura prAcInatA ke saMgama kA pratIka hai| zikSA ke bAre meM gAMdhI kI jo mAnyatAyeM thIM unakA citraNa unhoMne apanI bhASA meM kiyA hai|* tAlIma kI mahattvapUrNa niSpattiyA~ hogI-Atma-nirbharatA aura zramaniSThA kA muulybodh| gAMdhI kA zikSA saMbaMdhI ciMtana bahuAyAmI thaa| usameM dhArmika zikSaNa kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai-'agara hindustAna ko AdhyAtmikatA kA divAlA nahIM nikAlanA hai, to use dhArmika zikSA ko bhI viSayoM ke zikSaNa ke barAbara hI mahattva denA pdd'egaa|' unakA abhimata thA ki dhArmika zikSA ke pAThyakrama meM apane sivA dUsare dharmoM ke siddhAntoM kA adhyayana bhI zAmila honA caahiye| isake lie vidyArthiyoM ko aisI tAlIma dI jAnI cAhiye, jisase ve saMsAra ke vibhinna mahAna dharmoM ke siddhAntoM ko Adara aura udAratApUrNa sahanazIlatA kI bhAvanA rakhakara samajhane aura unakI kadara karane kI Adata ddaaleN| isase AdhyAtmika niSThA dRr3ha hogI aura svIkRta dharma ko gaharAI se samajhane kI dRSTi paidA hogii| bApU ke vicAroM ko vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne nayA AyAma dete hue jIvana-vijJAna kA abhinava prakalpa diyaa| jo zikSA ko sarvAMgINa aura samAdhAyaka banAne kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| jIvana-vijJAna zikSA ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kA prayoga hai| zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha vidyArthI meM ahiMsA kA saMskAra nirmita honA caahie| yadi bauddhikatA ke sAtha ahiMsA kI cetanA nahIM jAgatI hai to usakA saba se pahale durUpayoga apane prati hotA hai| isa sthiti se ubArane kI pravidhi kA nAma hai jiivn-vijnyaan| yaha mastiSka ko prazikSita karane kI prayoga paddhati hai| isake dvArA purAnI AdatoM ko badalA jA sakatA hai| unameM kAMTachAMTa kI jA sakatI hai aura naI AdatoM kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isase aisI pIr3hI kA nirmANa ho sakatA hai, jisakA apane AvezoM para niyaMtraNa hotA hai, mAnasika ekAgratA, mAnasika saMtulana aura saMkalpazakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| caritra kA vikAsa usakA phalita hai, isalie eka zabda meM kahA jA sakatA hai-caritravAna pIr3hI kA nirmaann| lakSya kI pUrti meM mukhya rUpa se cetanA ke rUpAntaraNa para bala diyA gyaa| jaba taka mastiSka kA prazikSaNa nahIM hotA, taba taka cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa ghaTita nahIM hotaa| hiMsA kA mUla upAdAna hai vyakti kA mstissk| use badale binA ahiMsA kI sthApanA nahIM kI jA sktii| jaba taka mastiSka ko prazikSita nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka ahiMsaka samAja racanA kI bAta sArthaka nahIM ho sktii| na hI rASTrIya ekatA kA sapanA sAkAra ho sakatA hai| jIvana vijJAna mastiSka prazikSaNa kA abhinava prayoga hai| isake sArthaka pariNAma nikale haiN| __ mAnava mastiSka bhAvoM kA utpatti kendra hai| rUsI vaijJAnika prophesara Arona belkIna ne batAyA-hamAre mastiSka meM tIna sau 'nyUropepTAiDa' hArmonsa paidA hote haiN| belkIna kI dhAraNA hai-pratyeka vicAra ke sAtha eka nyUro pepTAiDa hArmonsa paidA ho jAtA hai| isakA artha hai-jitane vicAra haiM utane hI nyUro pepTAiDa hArmonsa banate haiN| belkIna ne yaha mAna liyA-jaisI antaHsrAvI graMthiyAM hotI haiM vaisI hI mastiSka eka bahuta bar3I antaHsrAvI granthi hai, jo itane rasAyanoM ko paidA karatA hai| ve rasAyana hameM prabhAvita karate hai| mahAprajJa ne batAyA hamAre mastiSka ke do paTala haiM-'dAyAM paTala aura baayaaN| jo bAyAM paTala hai vaha bhASA, gaNita, tarka Adi ke lie jimmevAra hai| jo dAyAM paTala hai, vaha anuzAsana, caritra, adhyAtma, antardRSTi Adi ke lie jimmedAra hai|' donoM paTaloM ke samucita vikAsa se vAMchita vyaktitva kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| * pariziSTa : 3 ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 207

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'TrAMsaphArmezana oNpha kAMziyasanesa' cetanA kA rUpAMtaraNa kaise ho? yaha mukhya bAta hamAre sAmane 1 rahe / jIvana-vijJAna kA prazikSaNa ise samAhita karane kA upakrama batalAtA hai / hamArI aMtaHstrAvI graMthiyAM jo hamAre bhAva aura vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karatI hai, unheM yaugika prayogoM dvArA saMtulita banAyA jAtA hai / hamArA nAr3ItaMtra yA narvasa sisTama bhI hamAre bhAva aura vyavahAra ko, caritra ko prabhAvita karatA hai / jisakA pairA siMtheTika narvasa sisTama tAkatavara hai, vaha vinIta bhadra aura anuzAsita rhegaa| jisakA siMpetheTika narvasa sisTama jyAdA aikTiva haiM, udaMDa, ucchRMkhala aura avinIta hogaa| ina para prayogoM dvArA niyaMtraNa sthApita kiyA jAtA hai / maMtavya ko adhika spaSTa karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA- hamAre mastiSka meM bahuta sAre proTInsa banate haiM / inheM nyUro TrAMsamITara kahA jAtA hai| ye nyUro TrAMsamITara hamAre vyavahAra aura AcaraNa kA niyamana karate haiN| parivAra meM saba bacce haiN| kucha uddaNDa, upadravI aura zaitAna prakRti ke hote haiN| sabhI ko eka jaisI zikSA dI jAtI hai / kintu saba usakA pAlana samAna rUpa se nahIM krte| usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki unake bhItara bana rahe proTIna meM aMtara hai / zarIra vijJAna kI dRSTi se unake aMtaHstrAvI graMthiyoM ke strAva meM jarUra koI asamAnatA hai, koI nAr3ItaMtrIya asaMtulana hai / ..... zikSA zAstriyoM kA karttavya hai ki ve zikSA nIti kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya sabhI pakSoM para samAna rUpa se vicAra kareM, usa para dhyAna deN| sarvAMgINa dRSTi se vicAra na karane kA pariNAma yaha hai ki itanI U~cI zikSA ke bAvajUda jo stara honA cAhie, vaha dekhane meM nahIM A rahA hai| padonnati aura dUsare muddoM ko lekara bar3e-bar3e vaijJAnika AtmahatyA jaisA kadama uThA lete haiM / parIkSA meM anutIrNa vidyArthI ne Trena ke Age kUdakara AtmahatyA kara lii| aisA kyoM hotA hai| isakA eka mAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki saMvegoM para niyaMtraNa nahIM hai / pratikUla paristhiti ko jhelane kI kSamatA nahIM hai| yaha kalA AtI hai, aMtazcetanA ke jAgaraNa se, bhAvadhArA ke pariSkAra se 154 Antarika rasAyana hamAre bhAva aura vyavahAra ke lie uttaradAyI hai / aMtaHsrAvI rasAyana (hArmona) nAr3ItaMtra ke sAtha antakriyA karate haiM / ve nAr3ItaMtra ke aneka kAryoM kA niyamana karate haiN| mukhyataH nAr3ItaMtra ke svAyatta nAr3I vibhAga para ve prabhAva DAlate haiM / atyadhika dabAvapUrNa paristhitiyoM se tanAva bar3hatA hai, tanAva kI ugra sthiti se aMtasrAvI graMthitaMtra para atirikta bhAra par3atA hai| anukampI aura parAnukampI nAr3ItaMtra kA isase saMtulana bigar3a jAtA hai / isa sthiti se anukampI nAr3ItaMtra kA prabhutva bar3ha jAtA hai / zikSita aura vidvAna logoM meM bhI niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM kI sakriyatA kA yaha eka pramukha kAraNa banatA hai / antasrAvI graMthitaMtra ke saMtulana se anukampI aura parAnukampI nAr3ItaMtra kA bhI saMtulana hotA hai| saMtulana kI yaha sthiti vyakti kI AMtarika samasyAoM kA saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna karatI hai / jIvana-vijJAna isa dizA meM eka abhinava upakrama hai| vaijJAnikoM ne kucha naI khojeM bhI kI haiM / unake anusAra nAr3ItaMtra, graMthItaMtra aura jaiva rasAyana hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke bIjoM ko aMkurita karane meM nimitta banate haiN| sAmAnya dhAraNA yaha hai- sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA mastiSkIya vikAra athavA mastiSkIya roga hai / mastiSka vidyA ke anusAra mastiSka kI tIna parate haiM limbika sisTama repTeliyana mastiSka nio-kArTeksa inakA ucita niyaMtraNa, prazikSaNa aura vikAsa vidyArthI kI ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM yogabhUta 1 banatA * 208 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mahAprajJa ne batAyA hamAre mastiSka meM aneka prakoSTha haiN| dekhanA yaha hai ki kisakA svica oNna kara rahe haiM? krUratA kA svica oNna ho gayA to AdamI zoSaNa karane lgegaa| yadi karuNA, ahiMsA, maitrI kA svica oNna ho gayA to manuSya duniyA kA zreSTha prANI bana jaaegaa| Aja acche AdamI kI jarUrata hai| acchA AdamI honA muzkila hai| jisake hRdaya meM ahiMsA, karuNA, maitrI aura prema nahIM hai, vaha dhanavAna yA rAjanetA to ho sakatA hai, kintu acchA AdamI nahIM ho sktaa| hiMsA prazikSaNa kI anivAryatA prakaTa kI-jaba taka zikSA ke sAtha prAraMbha se hI baccoM meM ahiMsA ke saMskAra aura Aveza niyaMtraNa kI vidhi nahIM sikhAI jAegI, taba taka AtaMkavAda ko rokane kI bAta sArthaka nahIM hogii| AtaMkavAda ko rokane ke lie Aja ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI sarvAdhika apekSA hai| jIvana-vijJAna kA uddezya jIvana-vijJAna ke mukhya uddezya haiM. svastha vyaktitva kA nirmANa, jisameM zArIrika, mAnasika, bhAvanAtmaka evaM sAmAjika vikAsa kA saMtulana ho| nae samAja kA nirmANa-hiMsA, zoSaNa evaM anaitikatA se mukta samAja kA nirmaann| naI pIr3hI kA nirmANa-aisI pIr3hI kA nirmANa jo AdhyAtmika bhI ho evaM vaijJAnika bhii| aise AdhyAtmika vaijJAnika vyaktitva kA nirmaann| ina uddezyoM kI saMpUrti hetu jIvanavijJAna ke sampUrNa pAThyakrama aura prazikSaNa ke lie prayoga prastuta kie haiN| saiddhAMtika prazikSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha prAyogika prazikSaNa aura niyamita abhyAsa isake mahattvapUrNa pahalU hai| vidyArthI ke jIvana meM parivartana ghaTita ho isake lie aneka prayoga nirdhArita kie gaye haiN| unakA sacitra avalokana jIvana-vijJAna kI pAThyapustakoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jIvana-vijJAna prayoga-prazikSaNa meM zikSA ke sAtha ahiMsA kA vikAsa nihita hai| ahiMsA kA mukhya tattva hai-sva-niyaMtraNa, apane Apa para niyNtrnn| apane AvezoM para niyaMtraNa kie binA ahiMsA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| hamAre aniyantrita Aveza hI hamArI vRttiyoM ko hiMsaka banAte haiN| jIvana-vijJAna kA prayoga sva-niyaMtraNa kA prayoga hai, isake dvArA vyakti apane AvegoM para niyaMtraNa prApta karane kI kalA sIkhatA hai| niyaMtraNa kA phalita hai-apane prati ahiMsaka honaa| ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ko jIvana-vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM eka nayA mor3a diyA gayA-tuma dUsare kI bAta chor3o, apane prati ahiMsaka banoM; agara tuma apane prati ahiMsaka banoMge to isakA pahalA pariNAma hogA-tuma AtmahatyA se baca jaaoge| jisane apane AvegoM para niyaMtraNa karanA sIkha liyA, vaha apane prati ahiMsaka bana gayA, vaha dUsaroM ke prati bhI ahiMsaka bana gyaa| jIvana vijJAna bhItara kI duniyA se paricaya karAtA hai| bhItara kI duniyA meM jAkara hama apane bhAvoM kA pariSkAra kaise kareM, yaha sikhAtA hai| yaha acchI AdatoM ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hai| hama kevala dUsaroM ke prati use ahiMsaka banAeMge to vaha bana nahIM paaegaa| kyoMki bhItara meM to Aga laga rahI hai, bhaTTI jala rahI hai aura bAhara se zAMti kI bAta kareM, yaha kaise sambhava hai? pahale apane bhItara kI Aga ko zAMta karanA hai, usa bhaTTI ko bujhAnA hai| vaha bujhegI to apane Apa zAMti ho jaaegii| zAMti ke lie alaga se prayatna nahIM karanA pdd'egaa| zikSA ke sAmane vaiyaktika parivartana kA maulika muddA hai| 'AdamI paristhiti kI upaja hai' ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 209

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sUtra ne bahuta bhrAMtiyAM paidA kI haiN| bhAratIya ciMtana kA sUtra hai-jaisI AsthA, jaisA saMkalpa hotA hai, vaisA AdamI hotA hai| jIvana-vijJAna kA upakrama AsthA utpatti kA srota hai| prazna hai hiMsA ke saMskAra kaa| yaha bar3I bAdhA hai ki hiMsA ke apane saMskAra haiN| hama parivartana kI, badalane kI bAta socate haiM kintu pratyeka vyakti ke apane-apane karma janita saMskAra hote haiN| phira bhI hama nirAza na hoN| hamArI apanI AsthA yaha honI cAhie ki prayoga ke dvArA, prayatna ke dvArA, abhyAsa ke dvArA-saMskAra ko bhI pariSkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| apekSA hai-eka naye saMkalpa va nayI AsthA ke nirmANa kI aura vaha bacapana se hI, zikSA ke kSetra meM ho, dharma ke kSetra meM ho aura adhyApaka yA dharmaguru ke dvArA ho| zikSA ke kSetra meM yadi AsthA ke kucha bIja bone kI bAta socI jAe to zAyada sAmAjika mUlyoM ke vikAsa kI bAta Age bar3ha sakatI hai, usakA supariNAma A sakatA hai| yaha maulika ciMtana zikSA ke kSetra meM parivartana kI naI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara karatA hai| unakA yaha vicAra kisase-kaise prabhAvita hokara udbhUta huA kahanA kaThina hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne apane zikSA saMbaMdhI vicAroM meM abrAhma liMkana dvArA apane putra ke adhyApaka ko likhA gayA patra uddhRta kiyA hai| abrAhma liMkana ne cAhA-merA putra smRti saMpanna hone ke sAtha-sAtha buddhimAna aura prajJAvAna bhI bne| unhoMne apane putra kI zikSA ke saMbaMdha meM adhyApaka varga ko jo patra likhA, usameM sthitaprajJa kA saMpUrNa darzana samAhita hai| vaha zikSA jagat kA eka aitihAsika aura mahattvapUrNa dastAvez2a hai| patra ke bola haiM 'mere putra ko zikSA grahaNa karanI hai| maiM jAnatA hUM ki pratyeka vyakti sahI nAgarika nahIM hotA hai aura na hI saba choTe se bar3e hokara satya ke pujArI hote haiM kintu kRpayA mere bacce ko aisI zikSA dIjiegA ki vaha pratyeka duSTa vyakti ke lie vivekavAna saMgharSavAdI nAyaka bne| mere bacce ko yaha bhI batalAiyegA ki jahAM zatru hote haiM, vahAM mitra bhI haiN| maiM jAnatA hUM ki use isa taraha kI zikSA prApta karane meM samaya lgegaa| mehanata se kamAyA huA eka DaoNlara, pAMca pauMDa se adhika hotA hai| use jIvana meM hArane aura jItane ke gaurava ko saharSa svIkAra karane kI bhI zikSA diijiyegaa| use IrSyA se dUra rakhane kA prayAsa kiijie| kRpayA use mauna hokara haMsane ke rahasya ko sikhAiyegA, use kitAboM ke Azcaryamaya jagat se paricita karAiyegA aura pahAr3oM para khile hue phUla ke cirantana rahasya ko bhI btlaaiyegaa| use yaha sikhAiyegA ki nakala karane se sammAnapUrvaka asaphala honA adhika garimAmaya hai| use batalAiyegA ki asaphalatA ke kAraNa jo A~sU Tapake usameM koI lajjA nahIM hai-use yaha bhI batalAiyegA-ki cAhe duniyA use galata samajhe, phira bhI apane Upara bharosA rkhe| use bhadra logoM ke sAtha bhadratA aura duSToM ke sAtha sakhtI se peza AnA caahie| mere putra ko barAbara batAte rahiyegA ki vaha bhIr3a kA eka AdamI na bne| use batalAiyegA ki vaha sabakI to sune lekina satya kI calanI se chAnakara use sune aura dekhe phira aise satya meM jo bhalAI ho, use hI grahaNa kre| yadi Apake lie saMbhava ho to use duHkha ke samaya haMsanA aura sukha-duHkha bodha se Upara uThane kI sIkha diijiegaa| kRpayA use adhika madhuratA se bacane ko khiyegaa| use yaha bhI batalAiyegA ki apanI buddhi evaM apanA pasInA becate samaya sabase adhika kImata lagAne vAle ko hI bece, kintu apane hRdaya aura AtmA ke malya ko bhI smjhe| lohA Aga meM jalane se majabUta hotA hai, isalie use sneha kA tApa dIjie, kevala lAr3a nhiiN| 210 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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use dhairyavAn hone kA sAhasa dIjie aura zaurya ke lie dhairya kI zikSA diijie| use apane kRtyoM meM garimAmaya AsthA bodha kA pATha par3hAiyegA, tabhI vaha mAnavatA kI garimA meM vizvAsa kregaa|'59 samatva dRSTi se dekhA jAye to patra ke Azaya meM gAMdhI kI buniyAdI zikSA evaM mahAprajJa ke jIvana-vijJAna AyAma kA spaSTa nidarzana hai| buniyAdI zikSA meM rojagAra mUlaka dakSatA para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyA gayA hai| mahAprajJa kI spaSTa anuzaMsA unake maMtavya meM jAhira hai-Ajakala kucha aisA ho gayA ki bauddhika prazikSaNa jyAdA diyA jAne lagA hai aura rojagAra prazikSaNa kI bAta gauNa hotI jA rahI hai| purAne jamAne meM aparA vidyA ke aMtargata rojagAra kI bAta mukhya rUpa se zAmila thii| anivArya rUpa se rojagAra kA prazikSaNa diyA jAtA thaa| aba vaha krama bhaMga huA hai| zikSA ke sAtha rojagAra kI kalA kA prazikSaNa Avazyaka hai| isa viSaya meM mahAprajJa jI kA spaSTa kathana hai-maiM usa vizvavidyAlaya ko mahatva nahIM detA jahAM zikSA kI saiMkar3oM brAMceja haiM kiMtu rojagAra aura caritra kA zikSaNa nahIM miltaa| vizvavidyAlaya se zikSA prApta kara nikalane vAlA parAvalaMbI banA rahA to phira usa vizvavidyAlayI zikSA kA kyA aucitya ? kathana ke saMdarbha meM jAhira hai ki mahAprajJa ne zikSA ke sAtha rojagAra evaM caritra vikAsa ko mahatva diyA hai| mAnava astitva aura vikAsa hetu ahiMsA aura zikSA ke prazna ko eka sAtha dekhanA hogaa| unhoMne kahA zikSA aura ahiMsA meM eka gahana sambandha ko parakhanA hogaa| jisase astitva aura vikAsa-donoM kI paramparA surakSita raha ske| isa saMdarbha meM mUlyaparaka zikSA athavA jIvana-vijJAna vartamAna yuga kI anivAryatA hai| ahiMsA sarvopari mUlya hai| ahiMsA ke pratiSThita hone para zeSa saba mUlya pratiSThita ho jAte haiN| ahiMsA ke abhAva meM zeSa saba mUlya vighaTita ho jAte haiN| isa saccAI ko zikSA ke sAtha jor3akara mahAprajJa ne samAdhAna kI naI misAla kAyama kI hai| ahiMsA ke kSetra meM aneka prayoga cala rahe haiM kintu ve unakI dRSTi meM vyAvahArika nahIM haiM ve mAtra ahiMsA kI vyAvahArika prayoga bhUmiyAM haiN| jaba taka zikSA ke sAtha ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI bAta nahIM jur3egI taba taka isakA maulika svarUpa sAmane nahIM A sktaa| ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kA sUtra hai-hiMsA ke bIjoM ko prasupta banAkara ahiMsA ke bIjoM ko jAgRta karanA / ahiMsA ke bIja bone ke lie prazikSaNa bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| sAmAjika svAsthya, vaiyaktika svAsthya aura mAnasika zAMti ke lie ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa sarvAdhika upayogI hai| isakA samAyojana skUlI zikSA ke sAtha mahattvapUrNa hai| lakSya kI saMpUrti meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne jIvana-vijJAna ke prayogAtmaka pakSa meM prekSAdhyAna, Asana prANAyAma ke sAtha-sAtha anuprekSAoM para vizeSa bala diyA hai| anuprekSA ko vaijJAnika bhASA meM AutoSuggestion kahA jA sakatA hai| dUsare ke dvArA diyA gayA Suggestion cetana mana taka hI pahucatA avacetana mana taka pahaMcane ke lie Auto-Suggestion kAphI prabhAvakArI rahatA hai| jahAM-jahAM ye prayoga cala rahe haiM vahAM bahuta bar3A parivartana ho rahA hai tathA prekSAdhyAna, jIvana-vijJAna kI mAMga bar3hatI jA rahI hai| hameM yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki jina skUloM meM niyamita rUpa se jIvana-vijJAna kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai vahA~ ke Result meM kAphI parivartana AyA hai| mahAprajJa ne saMkalpa zakti aura bhAvanAtmaka vikAsa ke prayoga jor3akara naitika zikSA evaM ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmANa ko nayA AyAma diyA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne balapUrvaka kahA-zikSA ke sAtha saMyama ke pATha ko anivArya rUpa se jor3A ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 211

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jAnA caahie| jIvana-vijJAna ke dvArA usa saMyama yA saMkalpa zakti ko jagAne ke prayoga karAe jAte haiN| kevala pATha nahIM par3hAyA jAtA, usake prayoga karAe jAte haiN| una prayogoM se supta zaktiyAM jAgRta ho jAtI haiN| hara vidyArthI ko yaha anubhava karanA cAhie ki mere bhItara zakti kA akSaya koza hai| 'maiM kamajora nahIM hU~, maiM garIba nahIM hU~, maiM daridra nahIM huuN|' zakti jAgaraNa kA yaha mahAmaMtra hai| prakaTa rUpa se zikSA ke mAdhyama se vidyArthI meM zakti jAgaraNa kI paryApta saMbhAvanAoM ko bhAMpA haiN| ve kahate vidyAlaya bAlaka ko na kevala zruta saMpanna hI banAye apitu zIla saMpanna bhI bnaaye| vidyAlayoM ke lie eka vAkya bana jAe-zruta saMpanna banoH zIla saMpanna bnoN| 'kore zruta saMpanna nahIM, kore vidvAna aura jJAnI nahIM, sAtha meM zIla saMpanna bhI bnoN|' isa dizA meM prayAsa aura saphalatA kA nAma hai jiivn-vijnyaan| ela. raoNna habarDa dvArA pratipAdita 'sAiMTololaoNjI' sAiMsa oNpha lAipha yAnI jIvana kA vijJAna athavA jIne kA vijJAna naitika mUlyoM ke sAtha vyAvahArika jJAna para bala detA hai aura jIvana kI vibhinna paristhitiyoM se jUjhane aura samAdhAna ke vyAvahArika samAdhAna sujhAtA hai| jIvana-vijJAna kI pravidhi isase sarvathA maulika hai| isameM saiddhAMtika jJAna ke sAtha prayogoM ke dvArA akhaNDa vyaktitva nirmANa kI prakriyA batalAI jAtI hai| vizeSa rUpa se isameM bAlaka ke bhAva jagata ko bhAvita kara Avega aura Aveza para niyaMtraNa sthApita karane kI zakti paidA kI jAtI hai| jIvana-vijJAna se jur3ane ke bAda vidyArthI apane meM sakArAtmaka badalAva mahasUsa karate haiN| yaha AtmavizvAsa, samajha, ImAnadArI, naitikatA, prasannatA aura saphalatA pAne ke upAyoM para behatara DhaMga se kendrita hone kI kSamatA pradAna karatA hai| jIvana-vijJAna kA kAryakrama eka trikoNAtmaka abhiyAna hai-abhibhAvaka, zikSaka aura vidyArthI ko bhAvita karatA hai| zikSaNa kI isa abhinava pravidhi ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne batalAyA-jIvana-vijJAna ke rUpa meM hama isa dizA meM jo prayatna kara rahe haiM, usameM rAjya sarakAreM apanI pUrI rUci dikhA rahI haiN| jIvana-vijJAna jagata meM bahuta vyApaka bana rahA hai, lokapriya ho rahA hai| Aja pUre karnATaka meM do lAkha zikSakoM ko jIvana-vijJAna kI TreniMga dI jA rahI hai| karnATaka sarakAra jIvana-vijJAna ke prayogoM kI sI. DI. banavAkara use apane rAjya ke hara skUla ko bheja rahI hai| prasaMgataH unhoMne kahA-'Aja maiM kaha sakatA hUM ki jIvana-vijJAna ke prayogoM ne pariNAma dikhAyA hai| isIlie Aja deza ke kaI prAMto ne apane skUloM meM ise lAgU kiyA hai| pUre AMkar3oM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki Aja cAlIsa-paiMtAlIsa lAkha vidyArthI isa prayoga se lAbhAnvita ho rahe haiN| lAkhoM zikSaka aNuvrata zikSaka saMsada ke sAtha jur3akara, usake sadasya banakara jIvana vijJAna ke kAma ko Age bar3hA rahe haiM, use vyApaka banAne meM apanA sahayoga de rahe haiN| eka bAta meM yahA~ aura spaSTa kara dUM ki jIvana-vijJAna aura ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke hamAre assI pratizata kAryakartA ajaina haiN| naksalI hiMsA se prabhAvita kSetroM jaise-bihAra, jhArakhaMDa, ur3IsA, chattIsagar3ha meM jIvana-vijJAna kA saghana kAryakrama cala rahA hai| ahiMsA ke kAryakartA ina kSetroM meM hiMsaka gatividhiyoM meM saMlagna yuvakoM se saMparka kara unheM prazikSaNa kAryakrama ke najadIka lA rahe haiN|'65 akele bokAroM kI pacAsa skUloM meM jIvana-vijJAna kA zikSaNa-prazikSaNa isakI upayogitA kA sabUta hai| bhIlavAr3A, RSikeza meM jIvana vijJAna kA prabhAvI zikSaNa cala rahA hai| 212 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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jIvana-vijJAna zikSaNa-prazikSaNa Adarza vyaktitva nirmANa kI saMkalpanA ko sAkAra banAtA hai| jisake mukhya tIna ghaTaka haiM . eka svastha, zAMta aura saMtulita jIvana jIne ke lie pahalI bAta hai niyaMtraNa kI kssmtaa| . jJAna kI kSamatA, jJAna meM usake sAre pakSa A jAte haiM-samajha, aMDarasTeMDiMga , avadhAraNA aadi-aadi| . Ananda kI anubhuuti| ye tInoM bAteM bauddhika vikAsa ke sAtha nahIM ho to jIvana khataranAka bana jAtA hai| jIvanavijJAna isa khatare ko TAlane vAlA reDAra hai| isake prayoga se vidyArthiyoM meM na kevala iMTelIjeMsI kA hI vikAsa hotA hai apitu imozanala iMTelIjeMsI kA vikAsa bhI hotA hai| aMtardRSTi ke jAgaraNa kI vidhA hastagata hotI hai| pariNAma svarUpa jIvana-vijJAna ke zikSaNa-prazikSaNa se vidyArthiyoM meM ahiMsA. nA aura naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA hotI hai| jIvana-vijJAna mahAprajJa kI zikSA jagat ko anUThI dena hai| isake jariye ve zikSA jagat meM naI krAnti ke janaka kahalAte haiN| jIvana-vijJAna kA pUrA pAThyakrama taiyAra hai jo rAjadhAnI dillI sahita deza ke 15 rAjyoM meM korsa meM svIkRta ho cukA hai| donoM manISiyoM ne vyakti-viSayaka ahiMsA kA jo prArUpa, prakriyA prastuta kI vaha maulika hai| vicAroM meM samAnatA evaM vaiziSTya kI yuti hai| vyakti kI ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa para samAna rUpa se bala diyA hai| pravidhi meM vaiziSTya hai gAMdhI ne Atma nirbharatA ke lie zrama-pradhAna, buniyAdI zikSA paddhati kA siMhanAda kiyA kyoMki bhAratIya svataMtratA ke lie vaha anivArya thaa| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM svataMtra bhArata ke bAlakoM meM naitika-cAritrika utthAna hetu AcArya mahAprajJa ne jIvana-vijJAna ke prazikSaNa kA sUtrapAta kiyA haiN| jaba taka vidyArthI kA apane saMvegoM-AvegoM para niyaMtraNa nahIM hotA Adarza vyakti, samAja aura rASTra kA sapanA sAkAra nahIM ho sktaa| saMtulita evaM ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmANa hetu donoM manISiyoM ke vicAroM kA samanvita prayoga nayI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara karane meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA rakhatA hai| ahiMsA kI mUla ikAI : vyakti / 213

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ahiMsA kI prayogazAlA-parivAra mAnava jIvana saMbaMdhoM ke sahAre astitvavAna aura vikasvara banatA hai| saMbaMdhoM kI madhurimA vyaktitva nirmANa kA ahaM ghaTaka hai| vyakti sukhI jIvana kA sapanA dekhatA hai, para usako sAkAra vahI kara sakatA hai jisane apane irda-girda ke vAtAvaraNa ko ahiMsA kI parimala se mahAkAyA hai| ghara-AMgana kA pArivArika mAhaula ahiMsA kI parimala se suvAsita ho to vahI vyakti ke lie devAlaya, jinAlaya aura zivAlaya bana jAtA hai| vyakti kI jIvana bagiyA ko sarasAne vAlA ghaTaka hai privaar| usakA sauhArdamaya-premapUrNa vAtAvaraNa vyakti kI mAnasika zAMti kA setu banatA hai| ahiMsA ke vyApaka saMdarbha kI pahalI prayogazAlA parivAra hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI, AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA ke vizad ciMtana kI pRSThabhUmi meM pArivArika ahiMsA ke pahalU ko najara aMdAja nahIM kiyaa| manISiyoM ke isa viSaya meM sAragarbhita vicAra dekhe jAte haiN| 'ahiMsA kA artha hai prema kA samudra, vairabhAva kA sarvathA tyAga' isa virAT svarUpA ahiMsA kA prathama prayoga pArivArika pariveza se zurU hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM gAMdhI ke vicAra maulika haiN| unakA yaha mAnanA thA ki jahAM vyakti sukha-dukha kA adhikAMza samaya bitAtA hai usa parivAra kA vAtAvaraNa to sauhArdapUrNa honA hI caahie| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba ahiMsA kA prayoga ghara-parivAra meM kiyA jaaye| 'ahiMsA kI bArahakhar3I to kuTumba meM hI sIkhI jA sakatI hai| agara hama yahA~ uttIrNa ho gaye, to phira saba kSetroM meM uttIrNa ho sakeMge, yaha maiM anubhava se kaha sakatA huuN| kyoMki ahiMsaka manuSya ke liye to sArA jagat eka kuTumba hai|'67 isa kathana meM anubhUti kA Aloka hai| prArambhika jIvana meM gAMdhI apanI ardhAginI kastUrabA ke prati bar3e kaThora the para, jaise-jaise unhoMne ahiMsA ke artha gAmbhIrya meM avagAhana kiyA taba apanI isa kamajorI kA anubhava haA aura kasturabA ke prati apanA ravaiyA ahiMsaka bnaayaa| isase unakA dAMpatya jIvana sahaja bnaa| sAthiyoM ko bhI isakI preraNA dI aura unheM apane prayatna meM saphalatA bhI milii| ina vicAroM ko gati dene vAlA AcArya mahAprajJa kA abhimata hai| __ parivAra vastutaH ahiMsA kA prayoga sthala hai| akele meM ahiMsA kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| ahiMsA kA prayoga hotA hai samUha meN| jahA~ eka vyakti ho vahAM hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA prazna vyavahAra ke dharAtala para uThatA hI nhiiN| aMtarjagata meM ho sakatA hai, vyavahAra meM nhiiN| parivAra eka choTI-sI ikAI hai| vaha ahiMsA kI sundara prayogasthalI bana sakatI hai| yadi ahiMsA kA bhAva parivAra meM nahIM panapatA to sAtha rahane kI bAta hI nahIM aatii| dasa, bIsa yA pacAsa AdamI eka sAtha rahate haiM, eka hokara rahate haiM, eka parivAra banAkara rahate haiM, isakA artha hai ki unhoMne ahiMsA 214 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kA pahalA prayoga sIkha liyA hai| sAtha meM rahane kA matalaba hai-saha-astitva kA pahalA crnn|68 AcArya mahAprajJa ne parivAra kI paribhASA kI-'anuzAsana kA nAma hai parivAra, sahiSNutA kA nAma hai parivAra, vinamratA kA nAma hai parivAra, aura sadAcAra kA nAma hai parivAra aura ina sabake hone para zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva kA nAma hai privaar| unakI dRSTi meM sArI samasyAoM kI jar3a hai parivAra aura sArI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hai privaar|' / bar3hate hue hiMsA ke daura se pArivArika saMdarbha bhI achUta nahIM rhaa| mahAprajJa kI bhASA meM-Aja aparAdha aura hiMsA bahuta jyAdA bar3ha gae haiN| AtaMkavAda, ugravAda, alagAvavAda kI hiMsA thI hI, aba gharelU hiMsA, pArivArika hiMsA bhI bahuta bar3ha gaI hai| thor3e se dhana aura saMpatti kI lAlaca meM parivAroM meM khUnakharAbA ho jAtA hai| pitA kI maujUdagI meM hI bhAI-bhAI ghara kA baMTavArA kara lete haiN| mAtApitA unake Azrita banakara duHkha bharA jIvana jIne ko vivaza ho jAte haiN| yaha gharelU aura pArivArika hiMsA kaI taraha ke rUpoM meM sAmane A rahI hai| dahejahatyA, bhrUNahatyA, AtmahatyA kI ghaTanAeM Ae dina samAja me ghaTatI rahatI hai| yaha saccAI hai gharelU hiMsA lagAtAra bar3ha rahI hai| ina pA~ca-sAta varSoM meM yAtrA ke daurAna hameM sthAna-sthAna para parivAroM ke jhagar3eM, mArapITa, khUnakharAbe ke prasaMga sunAI die| batAne kI jarUrata nahIM haiN| jo samAcArapatra roja par3hate haiM, ve jAnate haiM ki koI bhI dina aisA nahIM jAtA, jaba isa taraha kI hiMsA se samAcArapatra achUte hoN|69 apane isa maMtavya ke sAtha unhoMne isa bAta ko balapUrvaka kahA ki yadi parivAra meM kalaha, lar3AI-jhagar3A, ronA-rUlAnA-yaha saba calatA hai to usakA jIvana nArakIya jaisA bana jAtA hai| zAMtipUrNa jIvana ke lie yaha jarUrI hai ki vyakti parivAra ke sAtha zAMtipUrNa DhaMga se rhe| vyakti parivAra me zAMtimaya jIvana jInA cAhatA hai para aisA kara nahIM pAtA, usake bhI aneka kAraNa haiN| usameM makhya haiM sAmaMjasya zakti kA abhaav| jo vyakti dUsare ke sAtha sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA nahIM jAnatA vaha parivAra meM rahakara zAMtipUrNa jIvana nahIM jI sktaa| parivAra eka choTI ikAI hai| parivAra ahiMsA kA eka choTA prayoga hai| sabase pahalA aura choTA prayoga kahIM karanA hai to parivAra meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo vyakti parivAra meM rahate hue ahiMsA kA prayoga nahIM karatA, vaha kaisA dhArmika, kaisA ahiMsaka? anivArya hai anekAMta kA prayoga parivAra meM ho, jisakA hRdaya hai sAmaMjasya bitthaanaa| do virodhI vicAroM meM sAmaMjasya, do virodhI rUr3hiyoM meM saamNjsy| do bhinna rUciyoM meM saamNjsy| sAmaMjasya ke abhAva meM choTI bAta bhI lar3AI kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| yaha pArivArika zAMti kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| sAmaMjasya, samajhautA aura vyavasthA pakSa kA samyak samAcaraNa mahattvapUrNa hai| parivAra meM ahiMsA vikAsa kA zaktizAlI sUtra hai-shissnnutaa| yaha sahiSNutA ahiMsA, pArasparika sauhArda aura zAMta sahavAsa kA AdhAra banatA hai| mahAprajJa kI bhASA meM jaba taka sahiSNutA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA, taba taka zAMta sahavAsa kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| eka dUsare kI kamajorI aura asamarthatA ko sahana karanA, alpajJatA aura mAnasika avasthA ko sahana karanA, dUsare kI kaThinAI aura bImArI ko sahana karanA hotA hai| vyakti jaba ina sabako sahana karatA hai, taba parivAra meM zAMti raha sakatI hai| sahana nahIM karatA hai to azAMti hI azAMti banI rahatI hai| sahiSNutA ke abhAva meM Aja samAja kA vighaTana ho rahA hai, parivAra TUTa rahe haiN| hindustAna kI bahuta bar3hiyA prathA thI saMyukta privaar|......ahiNsaa kA vyAvahArika prayoga thA, kintu Aja saMyukta parivAra khojanA bhI muzkila hai| saMyukta parivAra bahuta zaktizAlI huA karatA thaa| bar3e aura ekajuTa parivAra se jhagar3A mola lene ahiMsA kI prayogazAlA-parivAra | 215

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kI koI himmata nahIM karatA thaa| ahiMsA kA vikAsa hue binA do AdamI acchI taraha se sAtha meM nahIM raha sakate, isalie ahiMsA hara AdamI ke lie jarUrI hai| parivAra saMgaThana kI upAdeyatA ke viSaya meM unakA maulika ciMtana hai| manuSya kI tIna bar3I apekSAeM haiM-'AzvAsa, vizvAsa, vikaas| inakI saMpUrti meM parivAra saMgaThana paidA huaa|' bImArI, bur3hApA, asahAya avasthA meM parivAra AlaMbana bhUta banatA hai| eka parivAra meM dasa loga sAtha rahate haiM, sAtha meM jIte haiM. kAraNa hai vishvaas| kabhI kisI pati ne yaha parIkSA nahIM karAI ki majhe patnI bhojana parosa rahI hai, kahIM jahara to nahIM de rahI hai| lekina bar3e-bar3e loga bhojana karate haiM, kahIM koI jahara to nahIM milA diyaa| avizvAsa kA vAtAvaraNa rahatA hai| parivAra meM vizvAsa hotA hai tabhI sukhada vAtAvaraNa rahatA hai| saMdehAvasthA meM vikAsa bhI avarUddha ho jAtA hai| pArivArika mAhaula vyakti ko vikAsa kI U~cAiyA~ pradAna karane meM ahaM bhUmikA adA karatA hai| parivAra ke vAtAvaraNa ko prabhAvita karane vAlA eka aura ghaTaka-saMbaMdha viccheda yA tlaak| isa saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa ke sAmayika vicAra hai| Aja talAka ke mAmale bahuta jyAdA sAmane A rahe haiN| kAraNa hai vaivAhika jIvana kI kasauTI kA abhaav| muni jIvana aura gRhastha jIvana donoM meM anukUla, pratikUla sthitiyA~ AtI hai| mahAvIra ne eka muni ke lie bAIsa parISahoM kA vidhAna kiyaa| vivAha karane vAloM ke lie parISahoM kI sUcI kyoM nahIM banAI gaI ? unake sAmane bhI eka kasauTI hotI-vaivAhika baMdhana meM baMdhane jA rahe ho| ina parISahoM ko sahane kI kSamatA ho aura sahana karane kA saMkalpa ho, tabhI vivAha kro| yaha honA cAhie thA, yaha mAnadaMDa yA kasoTI sAmane hotI to zAyada jIvana ko sukhamaya banAne kI dRSTi prApta ho jaatii| zikSA aura vyApAra kI dakSatA ke lie nae-nae korsa A raheM haiN| kyA aba vivAha ke pUrva vara aura kanyA ke lie dAmpatya jIvana ko sukhI aura saphala banAne kA korsa nahIM honA cAhie? jaise vivAha ke pUrva janma kuMDalI kA milAnA hotA hai, kyA vaise hI donoM ke imozana, unakI rUciyoM, AdatoM, manovRtiyoM aura svabhAva kA bhI milAna nahIM honA cAhie? kyA isa bAta kA prazikSaNa nahIM milanA cAhie ki vaivAhika jIvana ko kisa taraha zAMtipUrNa evaM khazahAla banAyA jA sakatA hai? kevala dhana-saMpatti ke AdhAra para riztA jor3A, pahale se koI prazikSaNa nahIM diyA to usakA pariNAma talAka aura saMbaMdha viccheda ke rUpa meM sAmane nahIM AegA?72 isa trAsadI se ubarane kA upakrama honA caahie| vivAha se pUrva lar3ake-lar3akI ke vAstavika gaNa milAna hetu prazikSaNa anivArya honA caahie| unakI dRSTi meM prazikSaNa bahuta jarUrI hai| lakSya banAeM ki jIvana ko sArthaka banAnA hai, jIvana ko zAMti ke sAtha jInA hai| unnata jIvana mUlyoM ko jIvana meM sthAna denA hai| jIvana bhI to eka sAdhanA haiN| karmavAda kI bhASA meM krodha, ahaMkAra, mAyA, chala-kapaTa, lobha-inako zAMta karane kI sAdhanA karanA hai| lakSya spaSTa hai aura sAtha meM sAdhanA kA saMkalpa hai to phira jIvana zAMtipUrNa vyatIta ho sakatA hai| ciMtanapUrvaka aisI vyavasthA banAeM ki ghara parivAra meM bhI saMyama kA prazikSaNa cle| pArivArika samasyA ke prati mahAprajJa kitane sahRdaya rahe yaha prastuta kathana se prakaTa hotA hai| parivAra prabaMdhana prabaMdhana ke vartamAna sUtra haiM-samatA, nyAya aura krunnaa| pArivArika saMdarbha meM inheM uddhRta karate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA-jisa parivAra meM nyAya nahIM haiM, samatA aura karuNA nahIM haiM vaha acchA nahIM ho sktaa| 216 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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usakI vyavasthA bhI acchI nahIM ho sktii| inake sAtha bAraha bhAvanAe~ jur3I jinameM pramukha haiM ye cAra bhAvanAeM-maitrI, pramoda, karuNA, upekssaa| maitrI kA artha hai-pareSAM hitaciMtanam-dUsaroM ke hita kI ciMtA krnaa|.....privaar ke vighaTana kA pramukha kAraNa hai ki maitrI kA prayoga kama ho gayA hai| eka-dUsare kI hita ciMtA kama ho gaI hai| jahA~ vyakti apane svArtha ko gauNa kara dUsare ke hita kI ciMtA karatA hai, usa saMgaThana ko koI tor3a nahIM sktaa| prabaMdhana kA dUsarA sUtra hai-pramoda bhaavnaa| vaha saMgaThana majabUta banatA hai, jahA~ eka vyakti dUsare vyakti ke guNoM ko svIkAra karatA hai, mahatva detA hai|.....klpnaa kareM-eka parivAra meM pA~ca bhAI haiM, pA~ca bahue~ haiN| ve eka dUsare ko hIna batAne kA prayAsa kareMge, eka-dUsare kI niMdA aura cugalI kareMge to kyA hogA? kyA aisA parivAra kabhI acchA ho sakatA hai? prabaMdhana kA tIsarA satra hai-karuNA isakA artha hai-pIDA Ae, samasyA Ae to usakA samAdhAna khojanA aura krUratA kI vRtti kA visarjana krnaa| cauthA sUtra hai-upekssaa| yadi saMgaThana ko banAe rakhanA hai to kahIM-kahIM upekSA kro| amuka AdamI anukUla nahIM hai, phira bhI jaise-taise ise banAe rakhanA hai, isalie upekSA kro| upekSA kA hI dUsarA nAma hai madhyastha-madhya ya-madhyastha raho. taTastha rho| yaha taTasthatA samyaka prabaMdhana kA eka mahattvaparNa tattva hai|4 parivAra meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI bar3I samasyA hai nAnA ruciyaaN| nAnA ruciyoM ke kAraNa saMgharSa hotA hai, kalaha hotA hai| jitane vyakti, utanI hI ruciyaaN| bhinna rUci saMgharSa paidA kara sakatI hai| nAnA ruciyoM ko nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| kintu isase utpanna hone vAle saMgharSa ko miTAyA jA sakatA hai| aisA koI yantra nahIM banA sakate ki sabakI ruciyoM kA samIkaraNa ho jaae| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| aisA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sabakI ruciyAM eka sI nahIM ho sktii| hameM yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki ruci aura saMgharSa-ye do haiN| unake bIca eka aisA sUtra diyA jA sakatA hai ki ruciyoM kI bhinnatA to rahe para saMgharSa na ho| vaha sUtra hai ahiMsA ke prayoga kaa| hama parivAra ko ahiMsA kI prayogabhUmi bnaaeN| gAMdhI kI ahiMsaka soca isa saccAI ko svIkAra karatI hai ki jaisA ahiMsA kA bhAva apane parivAra ke prati hogA usI kA vistAra vaizvika kSitija para hogaa| ahiMsA kA guNadharma sarvatra eka jaisA hI kAma karatA hai| unhoMne apane mantavya ko spaSTa kiyA-eka bUMda pAnI meM ve saba guNadharma hone cAhiye jo tAlAba ke pAnI meM haiN| apane bhAI ke sAtha maiM jisa ahiMsA kA vyavahAra karU~gA vaha sAre vizva ke prati merI ahiMsA se bhinna nahIM ho sktii| jaba maiM apane bhrAtR-prema ko sAre vizva meM vyApaka karUM to usa avasthA meM bhI vaha satya hI siddha honA cAhiye / '75 Azaya svarUpa apane svajanoM ke prati kiyA gayA ahiMsA kA vyavahAra, bhrAtRprema hI mAnava jAti ke lie vistAra pAtA hai| gAMdhI ke ina vicAroM se mahAprajJa sahamata hone ke bAvajUda svataMtra ciMtana rkhte| unakI yaha soca maulika thI ki parivAra virAT prema kI zakti ko sImita kara detA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA, 'kisI prANI ko mata mAro' / koI bhI ahiMsA kA sUtradhAra yaha kahakara nahIM calA ki apane parivAra vAloM kA hita karo yA apane parivAra vAloM ko mata satAo, mata mAro, kaSTa mata do, kyoMki unakI dRSTi meM koI parivAra thA hI nhiiN| ve parivAra kI sImA se Upara uTha gaye the| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki parivAra kI apanI upayogitA hai aura upayogitA ke kAraNa hI parivAra banA hai| yaha eka zAzvata satya hai ahiMsA kI prayogazAlA-parivAra | 217

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ki eka cIja banatI hai to usake sAtha eka samasyA bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai / hara nirmiti eka samasyA ko utpanna karatI hai / parivAra ke sAtha bhI samasyA hai kyoMki vyakti kI sArI mamatA apane parivAra meM kendrita ho gyii| sabakI sImA parivAra meM sImita ho gayI / jahA~ sva se itara A gayA to usake lie saba kucha karaNIya hai, jo yathArtha meM akaraNIya hai| isalie parivAra kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai- svatva kI siimaa| yahAM svatva sImita ho jAtA hai, simaTa jAtA hai, apanatva, mamatva yA prema itanA virAT nahIM raha pAtA, sabake prati nahIM raha pAtA, kintu vaha parivAra - kendrita ho jAtA hai / yaha eka bahu bar3I samasyA hai|" yaha kaTu satya kA udghATana hai jo ahiMsA ke kSetra meM vikAsa karane vAloM ko socane ke lie vivaza karatA hai aura parivAra ke saMdarbha ko virAT svarUpa meM badalane kI preraNA bharatA hai / 1 parivAra vighaTaka ghaTaka pArivArika vighaTana meM krodha kA Aveza eka mukhya tattva hai / vaise hI ahaMkAra kI bhI pArivArika vighaTana meM kama bhUmikA nahIM hai / eka vyakti kA ahaMkAra samUce parivAra kI sthiti ko gar3abar3A detA hai / ahaMkArI vyakti dUsaroM kI bAta ko sunatA bhI nahIM hai, mAnatA bhI nahIM hai| vaha apanI ahaMkArI vRtti ko hI poSita karatA hai / usake apane mana meM jaMcatA hai, vahI karatA hai / ahaMkAra kA Aveza bar3A bhayaMkara hotA hai| ahaMkArI manuSya meM puruSArtha kama hotA hai, akarmaNyatA jyAdA hotI hai, niThallApana jyAdA hotA hai / jaba ahaMkAra jAgatA hai, AdamI kA puruSArtha so jAtA hai / krodha aura ahaMkAra - donoM prakAra ke Aveza vyakti ko girAte haiN| Aveza kabhI jor3atA nahIM, tor3atA hai / ahaMkArI AdamI apaneApako hI zreSTha mAnakara calatA hai / vaha kaise jor3egA? jahA~ maiM zreSTha hU~ aura dUsare apakRSTa haiM, hIna haiM, vahA~ dUsare loga kaise jur3eMge ? sAmudAyika cetanA ke na jAgane meM, pArivArika vighaTana meM lobha kA hAtha bhI kama nahIM hai / eka vyakti ke mana meM lobha jAgatA hai, saba-kucha TUTanA -bikharanA zurU ho jAtA hai| lobha ke kAraNa AdamI sArI saphalatAoM se bhI vaMcita raha jAtA hai / dUsare kA Age AnA use pasaMda nahIM AtA / vaha svayaM hI saba kucha pAnA cAhatA hai / yaha lobha kI vRtti apanA seharA sabase U~cA rakhanA cAhatI hai / sAmudAyika cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM lobha kA Aveza eka bahuta bar3A vighna hai / parivAra ke vighaTana bhI yaha bahuta bar3A kAraNa banatA hai / pA~ca-dasa AdamI eka sAtha kArya kara rahe haiM, kAma ThIka cala rahA hai, acchI kamAI hai, para eka AdamI ke mana meM eka sanaka AtI hai, lobha jAgatA hai aura vaha chipe - chipe apanA ghara bharanA zurU kara detA hai, bikharAva zurU ho jAtA hai, lar3AI-jhagar3e zurU ho jAte haiM / koI lAbha nahIM rahatA / yaha lobha lAbha ko bhI gaMvA detA hai / jahA~ lobha bar3hatA hai, vahA~ lAbha kI hAni zurU ho jAtI hai / " ye vRttiyA~ kevala zAMti ko hI bhaMga nahIM karatI apitu parivAra meM hiMsA naI cinagAriyoM ko bhI sulagA detI hai| sAtha hI asahiSNutA, asaMyama aura mahattvakAMkSA-ye pArivArika jIvana meM azAMti kA viSa ghola dete haiM / sahiSNutA aura saMyama kA abhyAsa, mahattvAkAMkSA kA parisImana jaise naitika mUlya pArivArika jIvana meM hone vAlI hiMsA para niyaMtraNa sthApita karate haiM / pArivArika saMgharSa kA bar3A kAraNa hai niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa / parivAra ke jina sadasyoM kI soca niSedha pradhAna hotI hai vo sarvatra skhalanAyeM dekhate haiM aura lar3AI-jhagar3oM meM lage rahate haiM / yaha apane Apa meM hiMsA kA sUkSma rUpa hai| isase bacane ke lie niSeghAtmaka bhAvoM ko samApta karanA evaM vidhAyaka bhAvoM ko ujAgara karanA hogaa| 78 218 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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AcArya mahAprajJa ne pArivArika saMbaMdhoM kI vizuddhi evaM ahiMsA ke vikAsa hetu prazikSaNa para bahuta bala diyA hai| unhoMne kahA-mAnavIya sambandha aura nizchala vyavahAra kA prazikSaNa sAmAjika stara para ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa hai| isakI pahalI prayogabhUmi hai parivAra / parivArika jIvana meM zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva kA honA ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| isake sAtha hI parivAra meM zAMti kA pahalA prayoga hai-dhairya kA vikAsa aura pratIkSA meM sthirtaa| isI AdhAra para zAMti ko vikasita kiyA jA sakatA hai| parivAra meM zAMti nahIM hotI hai to ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA mArga avaruddha evaM jIvana chinna bhinna ho jAtA hai| parivAra meM ahiMsA vikAsa sUtra ghara-parivAra kI zAMti kA pahalA prayoga hai-maun| do meM lar3AI hotI hai, eka meM kabhI nhiiN| jahA~ bhI lar3AI kA prasaMga ho, kaTutA kA prasaMga ho vahA~ mauna kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| yaha ghara kI zAMti kA sabase bar3A upAya hai| eka bole to dUsarA mauna ho jaae| yaha eka sUtra ghara ke vAtAvaraNa ko zAMtimaya banA degaa| zAMtipUrNa sthiti ahiMsA ke vikAsa ko prazasta banAtI hai| pArivArika saMdarbha meM 'sukhada saMvAsa' kA kansepTa mahatvapUrNa hai| sAtha meM rahanA, bhojanA, arjana kArya Adi karanA, yaha saMvAsa hai| saMvAsa priya hotA hai yA apriya, sukhada hotA hai athavA duHkhada pArivArika logoM ke lie ciMtana kA prazna hai| mahAprajJa ne sukhada saMvAsa ke pairAmITara prastuta kiye-'sukhada saMvAsa kI pahalI kasauTI hai-vinmrtaa| . dUsarI kasauTI hai-apriya vacana bolane se bcnaa| . tIsarI kasauTI hai-shissnnutaa| . cauthI kasauTI hai-upazAMta kalaha kI udIraNA na krnaa| 'bItI tAhi bisAri de' lokokti parivAra meM zAMti kA bahuta bar3A setu hai-bItI bAtoM ko bhulAnA, upazAMta kalaha kI udIraNA na krnaa| . pA~cavI kasauTI hai-gama khAnA-utejanA ke prasaMga meM zAMta rhnaa|9 gRhastha jIvana meM paga-paga para viSama paristhitiyoM se sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| isake lie pratidina sAdhanA aura prazikSaNa kA krama calate rahanA caahie| parivAra kI zAMti ke lie mana kA saMyama, vANI kA saMyama, aura zarIra kA saMyama-tInoM jarUrI hai| parivAra meM ahiMsA vikAsa ke Tipsa svArtha cetanA-merepana ke pratipakSa meM-merA kucha bhI nahIM hai, mAtra saMyoga hai, bhAvanA kI pusstti| hama akeleM haiM, akele Ae haiM, akele jAnA hai| isa adhyAtma cetanA kA vikaas| nizcaya aura vyavahAra dRSTi kA sNtuln| saMvedanazIlatA, sahAnubhUti, saMvibhAga, mRdutA, vinamratA kA vikaas| AjJA, vinaya, vAtsalya, kRtajJatA, viveka, samajhote kA smaacrnn| mAtra maMtra uccAraNa se parivAra meM sAmaMjasya aura sauhArda saMbhava nahIM hai| usakA kAragara nuskhA eka hI hai ahiMsA prazikSaNa, pArivArika sauhArda aura zAMta sahavAsa kA prshikssnn| prazikSaNa leM aura gRhasthI meM usakA prayoga kreN| anekAMta dRSTi kA prayoga : vicAra kA Agraha na ho| vacana kA vivAda na ho| vyavahAra kA asaMtulana na ho| ahiMsA kI prayogazAlA-parivAra | 219

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donoM manISiyoM kI pArivArika ahiMsA saMbaMdhI soca maulika hai| unhoMne isa saccAI kA anubhava kiyA ki jaba taka vyakti ke Asa-pAsa kA vAtAvaraNa ahiMsA kI parimala se suvAsita nahIM hogA usakA vistAra nahIM ho paayegaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne pArivArika ahiMsA kA vikAsa isalie jarUrI batAyA ki usakA prayoga rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya kSitija para saphala bana ske| AcArya mahAprajJa ne pArivArika ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM sAdhaka-bAdhaka tatvoM kA ullekha evaM pArivArika saMdarbha meM ahiMsA ko vibhinna koNoM se vyAkhyAyita kara yugIna samasyA ke samAdhAna kI prakriyA ko ujAgara kiyA hai| ubhaya manISiyoM ne 'vasudhaiva-kuTumbakam' ke Adarza ko vyavahArika dharAtala para lAne kI pRSThabhUmi meM pArivArika ahiMsA ke vikAsa ko anivArya mAnA hai| 220 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa mAnava jAti ke astittva kI kahAnI ahiMsA ke Alekha se niSpanna huI hai| ahiMsA kA samUhagata prayoga kiyA gayA usa dina mAnava-samAja kA AkAra prakaTa huaa| isake AdhAra para 'ahiMsaka-samAja' kA prArUpa vikasita huaa| mahAtmA-gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa-donoM manISiyoM ne ahiMsaka samAja ke saMdarbha meM apane-apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| vicAroM meM maulikatA aura samAnatA kA nidarzana hai| gAMdhI kI sAmAjika mUlyoM ke anveSaNa kI dRSTi vaijJAnika thii| eka vaijJAnika ghaTanAoM aura tathyoM ke paryavekSaNa ke AdhAra para kalpanA karatA hai, phira use prayogoM se siddha karatA hai, vaise hI unhoMne sAmAjika samasyAoM ke saMdarbha meM prayoga aura parIkSaNa kie| apane paripArzvavartI sahajIvana ko prayogazAlA banAkara apane niSkarSoM ke AdhAra para 'ahiMsaka-samAja' kI parikalpanA prastata kii| vyaktigata stara para ahiMsA kI carcA anekazaH mukhara huI lekina gAMdhI kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne ahiMsA ke sAmAjika pakSa para adhika bala diyaa| ahiMsaka samAja kA nirmANa Avazyaka hai ise kasauTI pUrvaka vyApaka AyAma diyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka-samAja kI parikalpanA AdhyAtmika-sAmAjika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para kii| bhale hI unakA sIdhA saMbaMdha adhyAtma jagat se jur3a huA thA para unakA ahiMsaka-samAja saMbaMdhI vicAra kisI bhI samAja-zAstrI se kama nahIM hai| apitu taTastha bhAva se unhoMne jo ahiMsaka samAja kI mImAMsA kI vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| dhArmika graMthoM meM vratI samAja kI jo rUparekhA sUtra rUpa meM nibaddha hai use Adhunika pariveza meM vaijJAnika dRSTi se prastuta karane kA durUha kArya kiyA hai| tathyataH donoM hI mahApuruSoM kI 'ahiMsaka-samAja' racanA soca meM maulikatA. samAnatA aura vaiziSTya kA samAveza hai| ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha kisI vyakti vizeSa athavA sampradAya vizeSa se na hokara prANI mAtra se hai| gAMdhI ne isakA prayoga saMgaThita rUpa meM kiyA hai| ahiMsA ke saMgaThita prayoga kI prathama ikAI hai smaaj| sAmAjika parivartana kA yakSa prazna unake sAmane thA kyoMki bar3e paimAne para samAja meM parivartana huA hai, itihAsa ke Aloka meM aisA siddha kara pAnA kaThina hai| para unhoMne isa saccAI ko samajhA aura kahA-aba taka samAja meM parivartana nahIM ho pAyA isakA artha itanA hI hai ki vyApaka ahiMsA kA prayoga Aja taka nahIM kiyA gyaa| hama logoM ke hRdaya meM isa jhUThI mAnyatA ne ghara kara liyA hai ki ahiMsA vyaktigata rUpa se hI vikasita kI jA sakatI hai aura vaha vyakti taka hI maryAdita hai| daraasala bAta aisI hai nhiiN| ahiMsA sAmAjika dharma hai, sAmAjika dharma ke taura para use vikasita kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 221

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manavAne kA merA prayatna aura prayoga hai| yaha nayI cIja hai isalie ise jhUTha samajhakara pheMka dene kI bAta isa yuga meM to koI nahIM khegaa| yaha kaThina hai, isalie azakya hai, yaha bhI isa yuga meM koI nahIM khegaa| kyoMki bahuta-sI cIjeM apanI A~khoM ke sAmane naI-purAnI hotI hamane dekhI hai| merI yaha mAnyatA hai ki ahiMsA ke kSetra meM isase bahuta jyAdA sAhasa zakya hai, aura vividha dharmoM ke itihAsa isa bAta ke pramANoM se bhare par3e haiN| samAja meM se dharma ko nikAla kara pheMka dene kA prayatna bAMjha ke ghara putra paidA karane jitanA hI niSphala hai; aura agara kahIM saphala ho jAye to samAja kA usameM nAza hai|2 spaSTa Azaya hai ki ahiMsA ke AdhAra para hI samAja ke saMgaThanAtmaka svarUpa kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai anyathA samAja nahIM 'samaja' jo pazuoM ke samUha kA dyotaka hai, hI khlaataa| prazna hai ki ahiMsA kA prayoga kaba prArambha huA? gAMdhI kA abhimata hai 'sArA samAja ahiMsA para usI prakAra kAyama hai jisa prakAra gurutvAkarSaNa se pRthvI apanI sthiti meM banI huI hai| lekina jaba gurutvAkarSaNa ke niyama kA patA calA, to isa zodha ke aise pariNAma nikale, jinake bAre meM hamAre pUrvajoM ko kucha jJAna na thaa| isI prakAra jaba nizcita rUpa se ahiMsA ke niyamAnusAra samAja kA nirmANa hogA, to khAsa-khAsa bAtoM meM usakA r3hAMcA Aja se bhinna hogaa|' unakA abhimata thA samAja saMracanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsA kA satva vidyamAna hai| saba susaMgaThita samAjoM kI racanA ahiMsA ke AdhAra para huI hai| maiMne dekhA hai ki jIvana vighAta ke bIca rahatA hai aura isIlie vighAta se bar3hakara koI niyama honA caahiye| kevala usI niyama ke antargata eka suvyavasthita samAja samajhA jA sakatA hai aura usI meM jIvana kA Ananda hai aura yadi jIvana kA yahI niyama hai to hameM dainika jIvana meM baratanA caahiye| ___ gAMdhI ke samAja saMbaMdhI vicAra ko vyApaka banAne vAlA ciMtana AcArya mahAprajJa kA ahiMsaka samAja ke saMdarbha meM dekhA jAtA hai| pahale manuSya jaMgala meM rahatA thA, guphA meM rahatA thaa| vRkSa kI chAla ko or3hatA thA athavA nagna hI rahatA thaa| phira manuSya ne vikAsa kiyA, samAja banAyA aura bastI banAkara rahane lgaa| samAja kA nirmANa ahiMsA ke AdhAra para huA hai| jaMgalI yA hiMsaka jAnavaroM kA samAja nahIM hotaa| ve eka dUsare ko khA jAte haiN| yadi manuSya hiMsaka jAnavaroM kI bhA~ti eka dUsare ko khAne ko daur3ate to samAja kA nirmANa hI nahIM hotaa| eka dUsare ke hitoM meM bAdhA na DAlane kA samajhotA sAmAjika jIvana kA sudRr3ha stambha hai| samAja ahiMsA va prema ke AdhAra para hI banatA hai| eka dUsare kI maryAdA samajhane para samAja banatA hai| hiMsaka manuSya kabhI apanA samAja nahIM banA sktaa| samAja ke mUla meM ahiMsA kI preraNA rahI hai| eka sAtha jInA, ahiMsA kI preraNA ke binA saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| samAja banA ahiMsA ke AdhAra para hai| usakA sUtra hai-sAtha-sAtha raho, tuma bhI raho aura maiM bhI rhuuN| yA tuma, yA maiM-yaha hiMsA kA vikalpa hai|.....jhaaN ahiMsA kA prayoga hogA, vahA~ bhASA badala jAyegI. svara badala jaayegaa| vyakti kahegA-tama bhI raho. maiM bhI raha~. hama donoM sAtha raha sakate haiM, koI bAdhA nahIM hai| anekAMta meM isa sUtra kA bahuta vikAsa huA hai, jise sahAvasthAna kahA jAtA hai| agara ahiMsA kI bhAvanA na ho to do vyakti sAtha nahIM raha skte| ve sAtha meM tabhI raha sakate haiM jaba mana meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ho aura Apasa meM samajhautA ho ki tuma mujhe hAni nahIM pahu~cAoge, meM tumheM hAni nahIM phuNcaauuNgaa| samudAya banAne kA athavA samAja banAne kA mUla setu ahiMsA hai| Aja hamane ahiMsA ko bahuta bhulA diyaa| koI kisI ko kaSTa na pahu~cAe, saba apane-apane adhikAra 222 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kI sImA meM raheM aura koI kucha na kareM, isa samajhote ke AdhAra para samAja banA / ahiMsA kI mukhya prayogazAlA hai samAja / samAja kA eka AdhAra sUtra hai samAnatA / eka AdamI apane ko bahuta bar3A mAnatA hai / vaha sAmAjika prANI nahIM hai, vaha samAja kI vyavasthA ko tor3a rahA hai| aparAdhI AdamI corI karane vAlA DAkA DAlane vAlA yA bama visphoTa karane vAlA asAmAjika kahalAtA hai / agara sAmAjika ho to vaha samAja ke kisI vyakti ko kaSTa nahIM pahuMcA sktaa| kyoMki samAja kI pahalI zarta hai tuma mujhe mata satAoM maiM tumheM nahIM satAUMgA / isa zarta para sArA vyavahAra calatA hai| jaba vaha dUsaroM ko satA rahA hai taba vaha samAjika nahIM ho sakatA 15 mahAprajJa kA yaha maMtavya vartamAna samAja meM avyavasthA phailAne vAle arAjaka tatvoM ke lie eka preraNA hai / unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki yadi vyakti korA vyakti hotA to saba vyakti alaga-alaga rahate para eka dhAgA hai, jo vyaktiyoM ko jor3a detA hai aura eka samAja bana jAtA hai / vaha jor3ane vAlA tattva hai - hRdaya parivartana / hRdaya parivartana kA tattva nahIM hotA to vyakti akelA hI rahatA, kabhI samAja nahIM banatA / " itihAsa ke pannoM para isa saccAI ko khojA jA sakatA hai cU~ki Adi mAnava to vanavAsI kA ekAkI jIvana jItA thA para jaba se usameM viveka jAgane lagA, tabhI se samAja vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta huA / bhAratIya saMskRti ke AdarzAnurUpa gAMdhI ne ahiMsaka samAja ke svarUpa kA citraNa kiyA jisa samAja meM artha, kAma aura dharma - tInoM kI saMtulita upAsanA hotI hai vaha ahiMsaka samAja kahalAtA hai|' isa tripadI para bane samAja kA svarUpa viziSTa hogA / usameM artha ke abhAva - atibhAva kA sAmrAjya nahIM hotA usameM sabhI ko samAna Arthika saMsAdhana upalabdha karane kA avasara milatA hai| bhautika AkAMkSAeM pUrNa karane kA paryApta avasara sabhI ko rahatA hai / AdhyAtmika vikAsa hetu samAja kA pratyeka vyakti svataMtra hotA hai| vaha icchita dharma ko svIkArane meM svataMtra hotA hai / usameM sabala aura durbala-sabako vikAsa kA samAna suavasara milegaa| hara strI-puruSa Atma nirbhara hoNge| bhautika, Arthika rAjanaitika vibhinna prakAra ke saMsAdhanoM kA upayoga sabhI ke sAmAnya sukha ke lie hogaa| sahiSNutA aura dharma nirapekSatA isake Avazyaka guNa hoNge| gAMdhI ne isa saccAI ko prastuti dI ki jaba samAja ke lie ahiMsA mAtra sAmayika nIti svarUpa na hokara siddhAMtataH apanAyI jAyegI to samAja kA r3hAMcA adhika pariSkRta - vikasita hogA / isakA citraNa kiyA gayA jaba ahiMsA siddhAMta banakara samAja ke vyavahAra meM AyegI taba eka vyakti dUsare vyakti kA zoSaNa nahIM karegA, eka vyakti dUsare vyakti ko dhokhA nahIM degA aura usake jIvana meM nyAya bddh'egaa| rizvata lene yA dene kI bAta taba nahIM rahegI aura samAja kA sammArjana ho jaaegaa| yadi aisA nahIM huA to ahiMsA ko lalakArane vAlI zaktiyAM uTha khar3I ho jAyeMgI aura hiMsA ke bala se artha, sattA Adi chInane kA prayatna kareMgI; jisakA saMketa kamyunisTa meniphesto kI antima paMktiyoM meM milatA hai| kArla mArksa ne kahA- 'sarvahArA dala ( majadUra dala) ke pAsa khone ko kucha nahIM hai sivAya ki ber3iyoM ke aura pAne ke lie sArA saMsAra bharA par3A hai.... e duniyA ke majadUroM ! eka ho jaao| 87 isa kathana meM eka pIr3A kA darzana hai jo ahiMsaka samAja kI anivAryatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke ahiMsaka samAja saMbaMdhI vicAra gAMdhI ke vicAroM kI parikramA ke sAtha maulikatA ko prakaTa karate haiN| 'ahiMsaka samAja vaha hotA hai, jisameM saMkalpajA athavA AkrAmaka hiMsA ke daravAz2e banda ho jAe / jAtIya unmAda, sAMpradAyika abhiniveza, zoSaNa, dUsare kI svataMtratA ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 223

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kA apaharaNa, adhikAra aura svatva kA apaharaNa, jIvikA kA viccheda aura sAmrAjyavAdI manovRtti-yaha sArA AkrAmaka hiMsA kA parivAra hai / AkrAmaka hiMsA se mukta samAja ko ahiMsaka samAja kI abhidhA se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne batAyA 'samAja vyavasthA kA maMtra hai- ahiMsA / ahiMsA kA artha hai abhaya kA vikAsa aura anAkramaNa kA vikAsa / yaha jaMgala kA kAnUna hai ki eka zera dUsare prANiyoM ko khA jAtA hai| eka bar3I machalI choTI machalI ko khA jAtI hai, yaha samudra kA kAnUna hai / jahA~ bhaya hotA hai vahA~ samAja nahIM bntaa| samAja bane aura cale, samAja vyavasthA sthAI rahe, usake lie do anivArya zarteM haiM- 'abhaya aura anAkramaNa / ina donoM kA samuccaya hai ahiMsA / 44 ahiMsaka samAja ko AkAra dene vAle ye pramukha ghaTaka haiM / inake sAtha AcArya umAsvAti ke parasparatA ke sUtra ko uddhRta kiyA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne darzana jagat ko eka mahattvapUrNa sUtra diyA / vaha samAja vyavasthA ke kSetra meM bhI bahuta mUlyavAn hai / vaha sUtra hai- 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' arthAt paraspara eka dUsare ko sahArA denaa| samAja kA artha hai saMbaMdhoM kA jiivn| zAntipUrNa saMbaMdhoM meM samAja phalatA-phUlatA hai / saha-astitva ke saMdarbha meM yaha sUtra atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| audyogika jagat meM, vyAvasAyika jagat meM, zikSA ke jagat meM saba jagaha jhagar3A cala rahA hai aura isakA kAraNa hai - parasparatA kI kamI / ahiMsA vikAsa kA saha-astitva mahattvapUrNa sUtra banatA hai| jaba taka saha-astitva kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA taba taka ahiMsA kA artha pUrA samajha meM nahIM AtA / eka sAtha rahanA hai aura eka sAtha jInA hai to AzvAsa, vizvAsa aura abhaya ke vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karanA hogaa| hamArI ahiMsA, ApakI ahiMsA prANI mAtra ke sAtha jur3e yaha Avazyaka hai / ahiMsA kA dUsarA nAma hai-samRddhi / vartamAna samAja samRddha nahIM hai, daridra hai / samAja kA mUla AdhAra hai - saha astitva / jisa samAja meM unakA vikAsa nahIM hotA, use svastha aura samRddha samAja nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 89 ahiMsA ke Aloka meM svastha samAja kA citraNa maulika hai- 'vaha samAja svastha hai, jisameM aparAdha, pravaMcanA, anyAya, lUTa khasoTa, saMgharSa Adi nahIM hote / jaba lobha aura spardhA kI bhAvanA prabala banatI hai, samAja kA zarIra aneka rogoM se AkrAnta ho jAtA hai / Aja haoNspiTala, pAgalakhAnoM aura kArakhAnoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jA rahI hai, kyoMki samAja rugNa hai / yadi hameM samAja ko svastha banAnA hai to naitika mUlyoM ko pratiSThita karanA hogA / naitikatA vihIna dharma vartamAna yuga kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai|' mahAprajJa ne isa tathya ko prakaTa kiyA ki jahAM dharma ke sAtha naitikatA nahIM hotI, vahAM hiMsA bar3hatI hai, AtaMka bar3hatA hai / ataH svastha samAja ke lie vyApAra aura vyavahAra meM naitikatA kA avataraNa jarUrI hai| samAja kI svasthatA kA yaha AdhArabhUta tatva hai sabhI ke bhItara ye bhAva jage ki hamArA astitva dUsaroM ke kAraNa hI TikA huA hai| samAja kI svasthatA aura zakti saMpannatA meM paraspara saMbaMdha hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne batalAyA - samAja tIna zakti strota haiM- 'anuzAsana kI cetanA, caritrabala aura sAdhana zuddhi kA viveka / ' jisa samAja ke zakti srota zUnya bindu ke AsapAsa cale jAte haiM athavA zUnya ho jAte haiM, vaha samAja zakti saMpanna nahIM ho sakatA aura jo zakti saMpanna nahIM hotA, vaha svastha nahIM ho sakatA / svastha samAja kI pRSThabhUmi meM ve samAjAbhimukhI ahiMsA para bala dete hai / yadi manuSya kA zoSaNa ho jAe, utpIr3ana ho jAe, to zAyada utanI ciMtA nahIM hotI / kisI kA galA kATane para bhI saMbhavataH itanA prakaMpana nahIM hotA jitanA eka cIMTI ko mAra dene para ho jAtA hai|" yaha saccAI kA nidarzana hai jo samAja 224 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ke pratyeka sadasya ko svayaM ke bAre meM socane ke lie bAdhya karatA | samUhagata jIvana ko Anandamaya banAne ke lie samAja ko badalanA jarUrI hai| hiMsaka samAja meM kaba taka vyakti ahiMsaka raha sakatA hai| samUce samAja ke lie ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai, cUMki manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai| gAMdhI kA yaha maulika ciMtana samAja meM naI cetanA kA saMcAra karane vAlA hai| unhoMne manuSya ko sAmAjika prANI kahA isalie bhI usakA pariSkRta vRttivAn bananA jarUrI hai| mAnavIya cetanA ke parivartana meM unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA / apane isa vizvAsa ke AdhAra para unhoMne kahA ki ahiMsA vyaktigata guNa nahIM hai, balki eka sAmAjika guNa hai jisako dUsare guNoM kI taraha vikasita karanA caahie| isameM koI zaka nahIM ki samAja apane Apasa ke kArobAra meM ahiMsA kA prayoga karane se hI vyavasthita hotA hai| maiM jo kahanA cAhatA hU~ vaha yaha hai ki ise eka bar3e rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya paimAne para kAma meM lAyA jAya / " AzayataH ve ahiMsA ke sAmAjika AyAma kA vistAra rASTrIya aura aMtarrASTrIya paimAne para vyApaka dekhanA cAhate the / 1 isa vaijJAnika pragati ke yuga meM mAnava jAti kI rakSA hetu samAja racanA kaisI ho ? gAMdhI kahate haiM-buniyAdI savAla hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke bIca cunAva kA nahIM / mukhya bAta to yaha hai ki agara saMsAra ko jindA rahanA hai to vijJAna ko ahiMsA ke sAtha jur3a jAnA hogA / vijJAna aura hiMsA sAtha-sAtha nahIM cala skte| donoM milakara manuSya jAti ko miTA deMge / Adhunika vijJAna aura yAntrika pragati se mAnavatA kA lAbha tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba samAja racanA ahiMsA para AdhArita hogI / aba manuSya jAti ke lie dUsarA koI cArA nahIM hai / ahiMsA mAnava-jAti ke saMrakSaNa meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| cU~ki yaha mAtra vaiyaktika dharma nahIM sAmAjika dharma hai / " sAmAjika dharma ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kI anivArya kA nidarzana unakI abhinava soca kA paricAyaka hai / isa saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kA abhimata hai ki samAjavikAsa ke lie ahiMsA nitAnta Avazyaka / yaha kevala dharma kA hI pramukha tatva nahIM hai / isakA samAja vyavasthA aura artha-vyavasthA ke sAtha bhI gaharA saMbaMdha hai| jahAM ahiMsA kA vikAsa hogA, vahAM zAMti rhegii| jahA~ zAnti hogI, vahA~ vikAsa hogaa| vikAsa kI anivArya zarta hai zAMti aura zAnti kI anivArya zarta hai ahiMsA / do mahAyuddhoM ke bAda pazcimI jagat meM yaha samajha vikasita huI hai-vikAsa ke lie zAnti anivArya hai| mahAprajJa kA mantavya hai ki 'mAnasika zAnti ke lie ahiMsA anivArya hai kintu sAmAjika vikAsa aura vikAsonmukha gati ke lie bhI vaha kama anivArya nahIM hai / isa anivAryatA kI anubhUti karAnA utanA hI anivArya hai jitanA ki ahiMsA anivArya hai|' jahAM taka vijJAna kA prazna hai mahAprajJa ne ise samAja vikAsa kI maulika kar3I ke rUpa meM svIkArA haiN| unake zabdoM meM ahiMsA kA tAtparya hai maitrI kA vistAra / eka samaya thA jaba choTI-choTI bAtoM para virodha kA vAtAvaraNa bana jAyA karatA thA / vijJAna ne aneka rahasyoM kI khoja kii| usase kaI taraha kI samasyAeM bhI paidA huiiN| una samasyAoM kA samAdhAna vijJAna ke pAsa nahIM hai / unake samAdhAna ke lie adhyAtma kI zaraNa lenI par3a rahI hai / dUsarI aura adhyAtma ke sUkSma tatvavettA AcAryoM ne hajAroM varSa pUrva batAyA sUI kI eka noka jitane sthAna para anaMta jIvoM kI upasthiti / yaha bAta Aja vaijJAnika upakaraNoM se siddha ho gaI ki baikTIriyA yA jIvANu suI kI noka para karor3oM nahIM araboM kI saMkhyA meM ho sakate haiN| donoM ne eka dUsare ko upakRta kiyA hai / merA vizvAsa hai ki adhyAtma aura vijJAna kA agara samanvaya ho to eka nayA saMsAra nirmita ho sakatA hai| samasyA mukta saMsAra 199 ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 225

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ahiMsaka samAja kI parikalpanA mahattvapUrNa hai para isakI kriyAnviti kA prazna bar3A jaTila hai| isa jaTilatA kA kendra bindu hai sAmAjika mUlyoM kI bddhmuultaa| jaba taka inameM parivartana ghaTita nahIM hogA ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA mAtra kalpanA banIM rahegI / AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA- 'ahiMsaka samAja kI saMracanA ke sAmane sabase bar3I samasyA hai -mUlyoM kA parivartana / zrama, vastu aura saMgraha ke mUlya * badale binA ahiMsaka samAja racanA kI saMbhAvanA nahIM kI jA sktii|' unhoMne isa saccAI ko ukerA ki 'ahiMsaka samAja kI sthApanA meM sabase bar3I bAdhA hai svArtha / vartamAna kI sthiti meM manuSya kI svArthavRtti ko bar3hane kA avasara milA hai| vyakti itanA svArthI ho gayA ki use apane pAsapar3osa meM rahane vAloM ke sukha-duHkha se koI matalaba nahIM / aisI sthiti meM mUlyoM kA avamUlyana honA svAbhAvika hai| unakA spaSTa abhimata hai ki svArtha zAsita samAja meM naitikatA zrama aura svAvalaMbana kA mUlya bar3ha jAtA hai|' yaha maMtavya samAja ke prati sApekSa soca kA paricAyaka hai / samatA dRSTi se nispanna ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA kA vicAra mahAprajJa kI virAT vicAra dhArA kA niyAmaka hai / ve kahate - ahiMsaka samAja aura hiMsaka samAja- ye donoM sApekSa zabda haiN| koI bhI samAja aisA nahIM ho sakatA, jo kevala hiMsA yA ahiMsA ke AdhAra para cala sake / jIvana-nirvAha ke lie hiMsA karanI par3atI hai / apanI aura apane vyaktiyoM tathA vastuoM kI rakSA ke lie hiMsA kI bAdhyatA AtI hai| isa sthiti meM vizuddha ahiMsaka samAja kI kalpanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai| samAja hiMsA aura ahiMsA donoM ke yoga se calatA hai| korI ahiMsA ke bala para cala nahIM pAtA aura korI hiMsA ke bala para vaha Tika nahIM pAtA / yaha saccAI kA nidarzana hai / T svAbhAvika jijJAsA hai yadi samAja hiMsA-ahiMsA donoM ke yoga se hI calatA hai to phira ahiMsaka samAja kI kaisI kalpanA ? samAdhAna svarUpa jisa samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA hotI hai, mAnavIya usUloM ko apanAyA jAtA hai tathA hiMsA ke alpIkaraNa para bala diyA jAtA hai vaha samAja ahiMsaka samAja kahA jAtA hai / kriyAnviti meM unakA kahanA hai-samAja vyavasthA ahiMsA ke anurUpa ho / vyavasthA ahiMsAtmaka nahIM ho aura paraspara sahayoga kI bhAvanA bhI nahIM hotI hai to samAja meM hiMsA bar3hatI hai aura AtaMka phailatA hai / ahiMsAtmaka samAja vyavasthA se hI sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko miTAyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne apane janma bhUmi Tamakora samAja ke ucca aura sampanna varga ko apanI sImA meM AgAha kiyA ki ve apane gA~va aura janmabhUmi ko bhUleM nahIM tathA grAmodaya ke lie zikSA, cikitsA Adi sAmAjika vyavasthAoM ke lie eka saMgaThana taiyAra kareM jisameM Ama janatA kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke sAtha samAja meM ahiMsA aura naitikatA kA bhI vikAsa ho / " spaSTa hai ki AcArya mahAprajJa kI soca samAja kA patha-darzana karane meM kitanI painI aura prakhara thI / grAma-vyavasthA ahiMsaka samAja kI mUla ikAI grAma-vyavasthA hai| grAma - nirmANa kA sapanA ahiMsaka vicAradhArA para bunA gayA hai| ataH grAmINa svarUpa ko jAne bagaira ahiMsaka samAja ko jAnanA adhUrA hogaa| gAMdhI ne Adarza grAma kI parikalpanA kI / usakA saMracanAtmaka, saMgaThanAtmaka r3hAMcA aisA hogA jisameM sabhI ko vikAsa ke samucita avasara upalabdha hoNge| gA~va kA pratyeka vyakti khuzahAlI kA jIvana jIyegA kyoMki vaha sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanaitika dabAva se mukta hogaa| unhoMne Atma vizvAsa ke sAtha kahA ki yadi Adarza gAMva kA merA svapna pUrA ho jAya to bhArata ke sAta lAkha gA~voM meM se hara 226 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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eka gA~va samRddha prajAtantra bana jAyegA / usa prajAtantra kA koI vyakti anapar3ha na rahegA, kAma ke abhAva meM koI bekAra na rahegA; balki kisI-na-kisI kamAUM dhaMdhe meM lagA hogaa| hara AdamI ko pauSTika cIjeM khAne ko, rahane ko acche havAdAra makAna aura tana Dhakane ko kAphI khAdI milegI / yaha Adarza gAMva kA prArUpa maulika aura mAnava hita se jur3A huA hai / unakA yaha abhimata thA ki gA~voM kI punarracanA kA kAma kAmacalAU nahIM, balki sthAyI honA cAhie / udyoga, hunara, tandurUstI aura zikSA; ina cAroM kA sundara samanvaya karanA cAhie / nayI tAlIma meM udyoga aura zikSA, tandurUstI aura hunara kA sundara samanvaya hai / ina cAroM pahaluoM kA samucita vikAsa hI gA~va kI khuzahAlI kA AdhAra hai| itanA hI nahIM aura bhI choTI-moTI vyavasthAoM kI ora iMgita karate hue gAMdhI kahate haiM - gA~va meM dharmazAlA aura rogiyoM ke ilAja ke lie choTA sA upacAra gRha bhI honA cAhie ki havA, pAnI, rAste vagairaha kharAba na hoM / hareka gA~va meM apanA anna aura vastra gA~va meM hI paidA karane yA banAne kI zakti honA cAhie / aise hI gA~va 'svAvalambI ' kahalA sakate haiM aura yadi sAre gA~va aise ho jAyeM, to hindustAna kA duHkha bahuta kucha kama ho jAya / " isa prArUpa meM hindustAna ke lAkhoM gA~voM kI avyavasthA aura duHkha darda ko dUra kara khuzahAlI bahAla kI saMyojanA kI gaI hai / grAmINa logoM kI pIr3A ko gAMdhI ne najadIkI se parakhA aura ekAnubhUti ke taura para apanA rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna samagra rUpa se badala ddaalaa| unake ciMtana meM yathArtha kA darzana chupA hai / Atma nirbhara grAmINa vyavasthA ke AdhAra para hI gAMdhI ahiMsaka samAja kI saMracanA karanA cAhate the / unakI soca meM- 'kArakhAnoM kI sabhyatA para ahiMsAtmaka samAja kA nirmANa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kevala Atma-nirbhara gA~voM para hI usakA nirmANa ho sakatA hai / yadi hiTalara cAhe taba bhI vaha sAta lAkha ahiMsAtmaka gAMvoM kA vinAza nahIM kara sakatA / dhvaMsa kI usa prakriyA meM svayaM usI ko ahiMsAvAdI bana jAnA hogaa| grAmINa artha-vyavasthA kI jo merI kalpanA hai, usameM zoSaNa ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai aura isalie hiMsA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki zoSaNa se hI hiMsA kA udaya hotA hai / isIlie ahiMsAmUlaka hone se pahale grAmamUlaka honA Avazyaka hai|' prastuta ciMtana yathArtha ke dharAtala ko chUne vAlA hai kyoMki ahiMsaka samAja kI buniyAda gA~va hI hai| unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsAtmaka samAja ke Adarza kA mUlAdhAra rAjanaitika sattA kA vikendrIkaraNa thA jo hajAroM gA~voM ke utpAdana ke kendrIkaraNa se jur3A huA thA / ahiMsA kI buniyAda para gAMdhI jisa samAja kI racanA karanA cAhate the, usa samAja meM kendrIkaraNa kA sthAna nahIM thA, tAki pratyeka manuSya jIvana meM apane ko hara taraha se sukhI aura svatantra banA ske| usase (kendrIkaraNa) bacane kA eka hI mArga hai-ahiMsA / magara ahiMsA to ahiMsA ke rAste se hI A sakatI hai, hiMsA ke rAste se ahiMsA nahIM A sakatI hai, jaise kIcar3a se kIcar3a nahIM dhoyA jA sakatA / kIcar3a dhone ke lie pAnI Avazyaka hai / ataH ahiMsaka samAja meM kendrIkRta udyogavAda virodha meM vikendrita udyoga evaM kendrIkRta pU~jI ke pratipakSa meM vikendrita pU~jI aura TrasTIzipa kI bAta khii| vikendrIkaraNa kI pRSThabhUmi meM bhAratIya deva saMskRti kA darzana chupA hai / 'yadi bhArata ko apanA vikAsa ahiMsA kI dizA meM karanA hai, to use bahuta sI cIjoM kA vikendrIkaraNa karanA par3egA / kendrIkaraNa kiyA jAya to phira use kAyama rakhane ke lie aura usakI rakSA ke lie hiMsAvala anivArya 8 gAMdhI kA spaSTa Azaya hai ki ahiMsA kA samucita vikAsa yadi samAja ke kenavAsa para karanA ahiMsaka samAja eka prArUpa / 227

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hai to cAlU avadhAraNAoM meM maulika badalAva karanA hI hogaa| kyoMki jahA~ kendrIkaraNa kA saMgrahaNa hai vahA~ hiMsA ko phalane-phUlane kA avakAza rahatA hai aura aneka amAnavIya tatvoM ko palane kA maukA milatA hai| ThIka isake viparIta vikendrIkaraNa ke dvArA Arthika samAnatA-samatApUrNa Adarza vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta sugama aura sulabha ho jAtA hai| grAma svarAjya grAma svarAjya ko ve zoSaNa-vihIna samAnatA-yukta samAja kI racanA kA AdhAra mAnate the| AjAda bhArata kA svarAjya evaM grAma kaisA ho, kA citraNa karate hue likhA-grAma svarAjya kI merI kalpanA yaha hai ki vaha aisA pUrNa prajAtaMtra hogA jo ahama jarUratoM ke lie apane par3osiyoM para bhI nirbhara nahIM rahegA, hAlAMki bahuta-sI dUsarI jarUratoM ke lie-jinameM dUsaroM kA sahayoga anivArya hogA-vaha paraspara sahayoga se kAma legaa| hareka gA~va kA pahalA kAma yaha hogA ki vaha apanI jarUrata kA tamAma anAja aura kapar3e ke lie kapAsa khuda paidA kara le| usake pAsa itanI atirikta surakSita jamIna bhI honA cAhiye jisameM Dhora cara sakeM aura gAMva ke bar3oM va baccoM ke mana-bahalAva ke sAdhana aura khela-kUda ke maidAna kA vaMdovasta ho ske| isake bAda jamIna bace to vaha usameM aisI upayogI phasaleM boyegA jinheM becakara vaha Arthika lAbha uThA sake, lekina gAMjA, taMbAkU, aphIma vagairaha hAnikAraka cIjoM kI khetI se vaha bcegaa|" spaSTa taura para grAma svarAjya kI kalpanA samAja ke pratyeka vyakti ko Atma-nirbhara banAne kI udAtta bhAvanA se saMpRkta thii| yadyapi ve isa bAta ko bhI mAnate the ki samAja meM palane vAle pratyeka vyakti kI yogyatAeM samAna nahIM hotI phira bhI samAna avasara to sabhI ko upalabdha karAye hI jA sakate haiN| gAMdhI ne kahA samAja kI merI kalpanA yaha hai ki hama saba samAna paidA hue haiM, arthAt hameM samAna avasara prApta karane kA haka hai| hA~, sabakI yogyatA eka-sI nahIM hai| yaha kudaratI taura para asaMbhava hai| cUMki buddhizAlI loga adhika kamAyeMge aura isa kAma ke lie apanI buddhi kA upayoga kreNge| jIvana kI mUlabhUta AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA haka sabhI ko mile tAki sabhI sugamatA se apanA jIvana-yApana kara ske| sAtha hI ahiMsA ke dvArA Arthika samAnatA kaise lAI jA sakatI hai isakA samAdhAna khojA gyaa| jisane ahiMsA ke Adarza ko apanAyA ho vaha apane jIvana meM Avazyaka parivartana kre| hindustAna kI garIba prajA ke sAtha apanI tulanA karake apanI AvazyakatAyeM kama kre| apanI dhana kamAne kI zakti ko niyaMtraNa meM rkhe| jo dhana kamAye use ImAnadArI se kamAne kA nizcaya kreN| gAMdhI kA spaSTa abhimata thA-yadi ahiMsA ko vyApaka kSetra meM ghaTita karanA ho, to sabase pahale jIvikopArjana kI vidhi ahiMsA ko caritArtha karane se Arambha karanI hogii| maiM apane lie jisa DhaMga se anna juTAtA hU~ usameM agara ahiMsA nahIM hai, to Age phira mere upalakSa meM ahiMsA kI saphalatA kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai| ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kA isa bindu se hama Arambha kareM tabhI ahiMsA kI aura hamArI saccI parIkSA hai| usameM spaSTa hai ki hamako pracalita artha-zAstra aura samAja zAstra se prakAza prApta nahIM hogaa| banA-banAyA koI darzana yA vijJAna hamArA hAtha nahIM thaamegaa| usakI buniyAda hI jo dUsarI tthhrii| isase hamakoM apanI zraddhA aura zrama se eka naye hI artha-zAstra kI nIMva DAlane aura nayI ahiMsaka samAja racanA ke lie taiyAra ho jAnA hogaa|100 unake hRdaya meM saMpUrNa samAja vyavasthA ko 228 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ahiMsaka banAne kI AkAMkSA thii| ise abhivyakta bhI kiyA-na sirpha bhArata kI balki sArI duniyA kI artharacanA aisI honI cAhiye ki kisI ko bhI anna aura vastra ke abhAva kI takalIpha na sahanI pdd'e| dUsare zabdoM meM, hara eka ko itanA kAma avazya mila jAnA cAhiye ki vaha apane khAne-pahinane kI jarUrateM pUrI kara ske| yaha Adarza nirapavAda rUpa se tabhI kAryAnvita kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatAoM ke utpAdana ke sAdhana janatA ke niyaMtraNa meM rhe| ve hara eka ko binA kisI bAdhA ke usI taraha upalabdha hone cAhiye jisa taraha ki bhagavAna kI dI huI havA aura pAnI hameM upalabdha hai; kisI bhI hAlata meM ve dUsaroM ke zoSaNa ke lie calAye jAne vAle vyApAra vAhana na bneN| kisI bhI deza, rASTra yA samudAya kA una para ekAdhikAra anyAyapUrNa hogaa| hama Aja na kevala apane isa dukhI deza meM balki duniyA ke dUsare hissoM meM bhI jo garIbI dekhate haiM, usakA kAraNa isa sarala siddhAnta kI upekSA hI hai|101 isameM gAMdhI kI AtmavyathA kA spaSTa citraNa hai jo unake aMtaramana kI pIr3A kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne svataMtra rUpa se grAma-vyavasthA kA jikra bhale hI na kiyA ho, para unakA svastha samAja racanA kA prArUpa evaM aNuvrata grAma pariyojanA meM Arthika ciMtana gAMdhI ke Arthika vicAroM se milatA-julatA hai| artha-vyavasthA aura samAja-vyavasthA ke pArasparika saMbaMdha ko unhoMne svIkArA hai| ahiMsaka samAja ko ucita AkAra dene meM Arthika pahalU ko gauNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___artha ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa ke vicAra bahuta spaSTa evaM sulajhe hue pratIta hote haiN| samAja ke kSetra meM Arthika vikAsa meM kisI ko Apatti nahIM ho sakatI kiMtu yaha yena-kena prakAreNa nahIM honA caahie| sAdhana zuddhi kA viveka avazya rahanA caahie| mUlyoM kA hAsa na ho-samRddhi ke sAtha karuNA, saMvedanazIlatA kA strota sUkhe nhiiN| dUsaroM ke hita ko hAni pahuMcAne vAlI vRtti tyAjya hai| kisI eka vyakti kA svArtha itanA na ubhara pAye ki svayaM kA Arthika vikAsa dUsaroM ko hAni phuNcaaye| hamAre lie vaha arthazAstra upayogI hai, jo garIbI ko miTAye aura sAtha-sAtha hiMsA kA saMvardhana bhI na kre| Arthika samRddhi aura ahiMsA kI samRddhi donoM kI Aja apekSA hai| unhoMne arthazAstra ke pramukha ghaTaka utpAdana, vitaraNa aura upayoga para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| garIbI aura berojagArI kI pracaNDa samasyA kA samAdhAna saMvedanazIlatA aura karuNA meM khojA jA sakatA hai| unake zabdoM meM-samAjika prANI vaha hotA hai, jo saMvedanazIla hotA hai| jisameM apanI anubhUti kA jor3a hotA hai, vaha dUsaroM ko bhI apane samAna samajhatA hai| agara saMvedanazIlatA kA yaha sUtra saphala hotA hai to itanI vizAla dhanarAzi saMhAraka astra-zastra meM na lagakara mAnava kI bhalAI meM lgtii| Arthika vicAroM kI jhalaka unake arthazAstravettA hone kA ahasAsa karAtI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM puruSArtha catuSTya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA usameM artha kA sthAna nambara do para aura ahiMsA (dharma) kA sthAna prathama nambara para rkhaa| Arthika pahalU ko dharma ke sAtha jor3akara kyA ise nayA pariveza pradAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA? aisA hone se hI sakArAtmaka pariNAma saMbhava hogaa| Arthika pahalU ko jAne binA ahiMsaka samAja-racanA kA jJAna adhUrA hogaa| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM ahiMsA kI saphalatA kA mAnadaNDa bhI bhautika-lakSya kI pUrti bana gayA hai| Arthika kaThinAiyoM ko miTA sake to ahiMsA saphala huI, yaha mAnA jAegA aura unheM na miTA sakI to viphl| sacamuca yaha bhUla bharA cintana hai, ahiMsA ko lakSyahIna kiyA jA rahA hai| ahiMsA kA lakSya jIvana-zodhana ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 229

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hai| use adhika prabhAvazAlI kiyA jAe to kaThinAiyoM ko pAra karane kA dvAra apane Apa khulatA hai| ahiMsA kA prayoga Arthika gutthI ko sulajhAne meM saphala ho sakatA hai| prazna hai artha ke samyak darzana kaa| unakI soca meM samAja meM yA vyakti meM na artha kA abhAva aura na artha kA prabhAva hogaa| donoM vAMchanIya nahIM hai| kintu artha kI mAtra upayogitA hogii| yaha artha kA samyak darzana hai|103 isa darzana ke AdhAra para samAja meM ahiMsaka arthazAstra kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| aitihAsika saMdarbha meM dekheM to bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Arthika pahalU ko adhyAtma kI muhara lagAkara sAmAjika vikAsa kA mArga prazasta kiyA thaa| isakI pRSThabhUmi meM mahAvIra ne ahiMsAvratI ke lie do sUtroM kA pratipAdana kiyA-(1) alpa Arambha evaM (2) alpa prigrh| mahAprajJa ne ina sUtroM ko Adhunika saMdarbha meM prastuti dekara Arthika vicAroM ko samRddha banAyA hai| unakA yaha vizleSaNa hai ki alpa Arambha kA Azaya laghu vyavasAya/laghu udyoga hai aura alpa-parigraha kA Azaya AvazyakatApUraka vyaktigata svAmitva ho sakatA hai| ahiMsaka samAja meM mahAAraMbha (vRhat vyavasAya yA vRhat udyoga) aura mahAparigraha (vipula saMgraha) vyaktigata nahIM hoNge| unakA samAjIkaraNa daMDazakti ke AdhAra para nahIM, kintu visarjana ke AdhAra para hogaa| mahA-Arambha aura mahA-parigraha ko Aja kI bhASA meM kendrita artha vyavasthA aura kendrita sattA kaha sakate haiN| jahA~ parigraha alpa hai, vahA~ hiMsA bhI alpa hai jahA~ parigraha vipula hai, vahA~ hiMsA bhI bar3I hai| vikendrita artha vyavasthA meM pahalI bAta yaha hai ki saMpadA vyakti-vyakti ke pAsa phuNce| vaha kahIM kendrita na ho| samUce samAja ke pAsa saMpadA phuNce| sAtha hI vikendrita artha-vyavasthA ahiMsA ke ati nikaTa hai| adhyAtma kA sAmAjika rUpa hai-lokatantra aura lokatantra meM vikendrita artha vyavasthA para yaha adhyAtma yA dharma kA vyAvahArika pratiphalana hai| vartamAna meM isa saccAI ko vyavahAra ke stara para upekSita kiyA gayA hai aura isa Adarza ko bhUlAne ke pariNAma svarUpa kendrita-vyavasthA ke duSpariNAma hamAre sAmane haiN| bhraSTAcAra, pakSapAta, gaira-jimmedArI, kAma-corI Adi samAja meM vyApta ho rahe haiN| janatA kA svAvalaMbana, usakI svAyattatA aura anyAya ke pratikAra kI zakti kuMThita kara dI gyii| janatA ko zarAba, juA, vyabhicAra, khela-tamAzoM Adi meM pha~sAkara nirbala banAyA gayA tAki ve sira na uThA skeN| ___ jyAdA se jyAdA munAphA kamAne kI dRSTi se vijJApana tathA TIvI. reDiyo, akhabAra Adi ke jariye logoM meM adhikAdhika bhoga kI lAlasA jagAI jA rahI hai, yaha jAnate huye bhI ki vaha kabhI pUrI nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki icchAoM kA koI aMta nahIM hai aura pRthvI para sAdhana sImita hai| eka ora asIma icchAe~ dUsarI ora sasIma saadhn| ina donoM ke bIca saMtulana sthApita karane kA rahasya adhyAtma ke sanAtana siddhAMta saMyama meM chupA hai| saMyama yA aparigraha sanAtana mUlya hai| saMsAra ke saba dharmoM ne aparigraha ko, arthAt saMcaya na karane ko aura vastuoM para malakIyata kI bhAvanA na rakhane ko pradhAnatA dI hai| aparigraha aura saMyama kevala vyaktigata sAdhanA kA viSaya nahIM hai, sAmAjika mUlya bhI hai| kathana kI puSTi meM gAMdhI ke mantavya ko uddhRta kiyA 'manuSya ko apanI vAstavika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti se saMtoSa mAnanA cAhiye aura usa mAmale meM svAvalaMbI honA caahiye| itanA saMyama vaha nahIM barategA to apane ko bacA nahIM skegaa|105 Arthika saMdarbha meM tathyoM kI prastuti sAmayika hai| mahAprajJa ne isa bAta para bala diyA ki 'ahiMsaka samAja meM artha aura sattA kA mUlya sarvopari nahIM hogaa| usameM sarvopari mUlya hogA mAnavatA kaa|' mAnavatA ke hita saMpAdana kI dRSTi se donoM 230 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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hI mahApuruSoM ke artha viSayaka vicAra sAmayika aura samAdhAyaka hai| jinameM samAja vyApI asamAnatA ko miTAne kA darzana chipA hai / apekSA hai samanvita prayoga kI / Arthika prArUpa banAma : TrasTIzipa vyApaka Arthika asamAnatA ko dekha gAMdhI kA komala hRdaya dravita ho utthaa| sAmadhAna svarUpa TrasTIzipa kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| Arthika kSetra meM divya darzana 'nyAsitA' (TrasTIzipa) kA siddhAMta na kevala bhAratIya saMdarbha meM apitu vizva samAja ke lie AzA kiraNa hai| isakI pRSThabhUmi meM mAnava kalyANa kA udAtta bhAva chipA hai| apane maMtavya ko prakaTa karate hue gAMdhI ne kahA TrasTIzipa kA siddhAMta isa bAta para AdhArita hai ki jisake pAsa dhana hai vaha use apanA samajhakara phijUla kharca na kare amAnata samajhakara rakhe aura loka kalyANa meM kharca kare / dhanavAna loga bhale hI karor3oM rupaye kamAyeM (bezaka, ImAnadArI se) lekina unakA uddezya vaha sArA paisA sabake kalyANa meM samarpita kara dene kA honA cAhiye / 'tena tyaktena bhuMjIthAH' yAni, 'apanI daulata kA tyAga karake tU use bhoga / ' arthAt tU karor3oM khuzI se kamA, lekina samajha le ki terA dhana sirpha terA nahIM, sArI duniyA kA hai; isalie jitanI terI saccI jarUrateM ho, utanI pUrI karane ke bAda tUM usakA upayoga samAja ke lie kr| 106 Azaya spaSTa hai ki vyakti artha kA upayoga sAmAjika hita ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kare / nyAsitA kI vyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM gAMdhI ne saMpatti para tIna prakAra ke svAmitva kA ullekha kiyA 1. Izvara kA svAmitva 2. vyakti kA nijI svAmitva tathA 3. samAja kA naitika svAmitva / isa maMtavya ko prastuti dI - saMsAra kI sArI sampatti bhagavAna kI hai aura yadi kisI ke pAsa anupAta se adhika dhana hai to vaha usa dhana kA janatA kI ora se TrasTI yA amAnatadAra hai| nyAsitA ke siddhAMta aura Arthika samAnatA kI jar3a meM dhanika kA TrasTIpana nihita hai / nyAsitA kI vyavasthA ke antargata dhanikavarga dhana kA upabhoga aparigraha ke niyama ke anusAra karegA aura zeSa bace dhana kA vyaya sArvajanika hita kI pUrti ke lie karegA / isa prakAra nyAsitA kI vyavasthA Arthika samAnatA kI sthApanA meM samartha hai| 107 naitika bala ke sahAre nyAsitA kI vyavasthA ko sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai jisake do pramukha sAdhana haiM- 1. vicAra- krAMti evaM 2. ahiMsAtmaka asahayoga / vicAra krAMti eka aisA sAdhana hai jisakI madada se nyAsitA ke siddhAMta ke pakSa meM samAja kI naitika cetanA jAgRta kI jA sakatI hai aura dhanika varga ko bhI Arthika samAnatA evaM nyAya kI sthApanA ke lie sahaja preraNA dI jA sakatI hai| isase hRdaya parivartana pUrvaka nyAsitA siddhAMta ko apanAyA jAtA hai| isakI pRSThabhUmi meM gAMdhI kA ahiMsaka arthazAstra bolatA hai| unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se kahA-jo arthazAstra naitika mUlyoM kI upekSA karatA hai, avahelanA karatA hai, vaha jhUThA arthazAstra hai / arthazAstra ke kSetra meM ahiMsA ko apanAne kA artha hai; usa kSetra meM ahiMsA ke kAnUna ko athavA naitika mUlyoM ko dAkhila karanA / aMtarrASTrIya vyApAra kA niyamana karane meM naitika mUlyoM kA dhyAna rakhanA jarUrI hai| gAMdhI kI rAya meM bhArata kI hI nahIM balki sArI duniyA kI artha- racanA aisI honI ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 231

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cAhie jisase kisI ko bhI anna aura vastra ke abhAva kI takalIpha na sahanI pdd'e| dhana kA samAna vitaraNa merA (gAMdhI kA) Adarza hai| lekina jahA~ taka maiM dekha sakatA hU~ vaha Adarza siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isalie maiM dhana ke 'nyAyapUrNa' vitaraNa ke lie kAma karatA huuN| Arthika samAnatA ahiMsApUrNa svarAjya kI mukhya cAbI hai| Arthika samAnatA ke lie kAma karane kA matalaba hai, pU~jI aura majadUrI ke bIca ke jhagar3oM ko hamezA ke lie miTA denaa| jaba taka muTThIbhara dhanavAnoM aura karor3oM bhUkhe rahane vAloM ke bIca behada aMtara banA rahegA, taba taka ahiMsA kI buniyAda para calane vAlI rAjya-vyavasthA kAyama nahIM ho sktii| yaha to ahiMsaka jana cetanA ke jAgaraNa se hI saMbhava hogii| Arthika samAnatA samAja ke dharAtala para utare tabhI gAMdhI kA samatApUrNa ahiMsaka samAja ghaTita ho sakatA hai| Arthika samAnatA kA artha hai sabake pAsa samAna saMpatti kA honA yAni sabake pAsa itanI saMpatti kA honA, jisase ve apanI kudaratI AvazyakatAeM pUrI kara skeN| Arthika samAnatA kA AdhAra dhanikoM kA TrasTIpana hai| isa Adarza ke anusAra dhanika ko apane paDosI se kauDI bhI jyAdA rakhane kA adhikAra nahIM hai|108 gAMdhI ke TrasTIzipa siddhAMta kI mUlabhUta bhAvanA thI ki dhanika apane dhana ke mAlika nahIM TrasTI haiN| yaha zrama aura pU~jI ke bIca kA saMgharSa miTAne, viSamatA aura garIbI haTAne tathA Adarza evaM ahiMsaka samAja kI sthApanA karane meM yogabhUta banatA hai| isake antargata arthavyavasthA meM pU~jIpatiyoM yA mAlikoM ko samAja-hita meM apanA svAmitva chor3akara TrasTI banane kA avasara diyA jAtA hai| Arthika kSetra meM yaha ciMtana gAMdhI kI na kevala bhAratIya samAja hetu apitu vizva samAja-vyavasthA ke lie bhI anupama dena hai| ___'TrasTIzipa siddhAMta' ko naitika aura AdhyAtmika pariveza dene vAle AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAra Arthika viSamatA ko miTAne hetu maulika haiN| ve kahate-'jaba taka rASTra aura samAja meM vyakti ko kama-se-kama usake jIvana nirvAha kI cIja sulabha na ho, kisI ko dhana kubera banane kA adhikAra nahIM haiN|' kathana meM 'TrasTIzipa siddhAMta' kI arthAtmama kA avabodha hai| unhoMne Arthika samasyA ko samAhita karane vAle bhagavAna mahAvIra ke do sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA-icchA parimANa aura bhogopabhoga primaann| jaba taka icchA aura bhoga kA saMyama nahIM hogA, taba taka na to ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA kA sapanA sAkAra hogA aura na hI Arthika samasyA sulajha paaegii| varga-saMgharSa kI krAMtiyAM, hiMsaka krAMtiyAM isIlie hotI haiM ki vyakti lobhI aura svArthI bana jAtA hai........yaha sthiti hI krAMti ko janma detI hai| unake zabdoM meM garIbI kA carama biMdu aura amIrI kA caramabiMdu-ye donoM hI AdamI ko hiMsA kI ora le jAte haiN| hameM inake bIca kA rAstA khojanA hai| maiMne isa viSaya meM bahuta adhyayana kiyaa| bahuta gaharAI meM jAkara isa para vicAra kiyA to mujhe lagA ki zAyada duniyA meM hiMsA ko bar3hAne ke lie bar3e aura amIra loga hI sarvAdhika jimmedAra haiN| hameM isa taraha ke darzana kA nirmANa karanA hai| jahAM ye donoM biMdu (amIra aura garIba) na rhe| vaha rAstA nahIM jo AdamI ko hiMsA kI ora le jaae| hameM una rAstoM kA nirmANa karanA hai jo AdamI ko ahiMsA aura zAMti kI ora le jaae| eka aura bhI pagaDaMDI hai jo AdamI ko hiMsA kI ora le jAtI hai, vaha hai abhAva kI saMkarI glii| hiMsA kA eka aura janaka hai, jise atibhAva kaha sakate haiN| yaha atibhAva kA roga bar3e logoM kA roga hai| jinheM dhana kA apaca ho rahA hai, samajha leM ki ve atibhAva kI bImArI se grasta haiN| mujhe to patA nahIM, para sunatA hU~ ki atibhAva kI bImArI se pIr3ita loga jinakI duniyA AdhI rAta 232 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ke bAda zurU hotI hai| DAMsa bAroM meM, klaboM meM lAkhoM-lAkhoM rUpaye eka hI rAta meM ur3A dete haiN| isa saccAI ke sAtha unhoMne apane bhAvanAtmaka pakSa ko bhI ujAgara kiyA-maiM jaba bhI yaha sunatA aura par3hatA hU~ ki bar3e aura dhanADhya loga vivAha aura dUsare AyojanoM meM karor3oM rUpaye phUMka rahe haiM to barabasa kahanA par3atA hai ki ye hI loga haiM, jo hiMsA aura azAMti ko bar3hAvA de rahe haiM, naksalavAda, ugravAda jaisI pravRttiyoM ko bar3hAvA de rahe haiN| ve apane ciMtana ko bdleN| paisA kamAnA eka kalA hai, kiMtu paise kA upayoga kahA~ aura kisa taraha karanA hai, yaha viveka kI bAta hai|.....upyog vahA~ honA cAhie jahA~ se samasyAe~ khar3I ho rahI haiN| hamArI aMgulI vahA~ Tike, jahA~ darda hai, vahA~ to dhyAna hI nahIM jA rahA hai aura nae-nae darda paidA kiye jA rahe haiN| hama apane hI prayatnoM se hiMsA aura azAMti ko bar3hAte jA rahe haiN| maiM cAhatA hU~ ki basa eka sthAna para samAja kA dhyAna kendrita ho jAe ki hama aisA koI kAma nahIM kareMge, jisase samAja meM pratikriyAtmaka hiMsA ko protsAhana mile aura usakA pariNAma hameM bhI bhagatanA paDe yA hamArI agalI pIDhI ko bhagatanA pdde| dRSTikoNa meM agara itanA parivartana ho jAe to zAyada hama hiMsA kI samasyA ko sulajhAne kI dizA meM agrasara ho skeNge| maMtavya ke Aloka meM Arthika svasthatA kA rahasya chupA hai| samasyA samAdhAna kI bhUmikA para artha ke upayoga kI vidhi kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| mahAprajJa spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate-upayoga karanA adhikatara loga nahIM jaante| artha kA upayoga aise kAryoM meM karate haiM jinase koI lAbha nahIM hotaa| phijUla kA kharca karake, apane artha kA pradarzana karake ve apane ahaM kI tuSTi bhale hI kara leM, kiMtu usa kharca kA, usa vyaya kA koI lAbha nahIM hotA, na vaiyaktika dRSTi se na sAmAjika dRSTi se| icchA ke AdhAra para tIna prakAra ke vargIkaraNa banate haiM-mahecchA, alpecchA aura anicchaa| pahalA varga una logoM kA hai, jinameM icchA kA koI saMyama nahIM hai| dUsarA varga zrAvaka kA hai, jinameM icchA kA parimANa hotA hai| tIsarA varga muni kA hai jinameM icchA kA pUrNa saMyama hotA hai| jahA~ mahecchA hai, vahA~ mahAn parigraha hogaa| jahA~ alpecchA hai vahA~ alpa parigraha hogA aura jahA~ anicchA hai vahA~ aparigraha hai| naitikatA kI pahalI zarta hai-icchA parimANa aura usakI antima bAta hai bhogopabhoga kI siimaa| jaba icchA parimita hotI hai aura bhogopabhoga sImita hotA hai, taba prAmANikatA, arthArjana ke sAdhanoM meM zuddhi Adi apane Apa phalita hone lagate haiN| jahA~ bhoga kI lAlasA hai, vahA~ krUratA bar3hegI to arthArjana ke sAdhana zaddha nahIM rheNge| arthAjana ke sAdhana azaddha hoMge to aprAmANikatA bddhegii| yaha sArA cakra hai| icchA-parimANa aura bhogopabhoga kI sImA-ina donoM ke bIca meM hai| agara ye do hote haiM to naitikatA phalita hone lagatI hai| bhogopabhoga kI samasyA ne Arthika samasyA ko jaTila banAyA hai| garIbI aura bhUkhamarI kI samasyA itanI jaTila nahIM hai jitanI jaTila hai bhogopabhoga kI smsyaa|| upabhoktAvAdI manovRti dUsare ke svatva ko har3apane meM koI saMkoca nahIM krtii| sImita vastu aura asImita upayoga ne saMtulana ko bigAr3a diyA aura usIkA duSpariNAma hai Aja kI chiinaajhpttii| aise vAtAvaraNa meM hiMsA ko khulakara khelane kA maukA milatA hai|12 bhogopabhoga kI AkAMkSA ne mAnava ko krUra banAyA hai| isake Arthika pakSa ko dekheM to arthoSmA aura krUratA donoM jur3e hue haiN| krUratA aura zakti ko alaga-alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| donoM sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| logoM ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 233

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ko makhamalI TopiyAM acchI lagatI haiN| kaise banatI haiM ye TopiyAM? na jAne kitane prANiyoM ko satAyA aura mArA jAtA hai taba ye nirmita hotI haiN| bar3hiyA jUte, bar3hiyA baiga, amuka-amuka bar3hiyA upakaraNa-ina sabake lie hajAroM-lAkhoM prANiyoM ko krUratA se satAyA jAtA hai, pITA aura mArA jAtA hai taba ina cIjoM kA utpAdana saMbhava banatA hai| AdamI ina prANiyoM kI karuNa Aha se bane padArthoM ko sukha aura suvidhA kA kAraNa mAnatA hai| yaha kahanA cAhie-zakti kA siddhAnta sArvabhauma hai to krUratA kA siddhAnta bhI sArvabhauma hai|13 mahAprajJa ke prastuta vicAra meM tIkhApana bhale hI bhASita ho para artha ke naitika pakSa ko ujAgara karane meM maulika haiN| Arthika vyavasthA ke svarUpa kA citraNa karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne batalAyA Arthika vyavasthA kA sabase bar3A sUtra ho sakatA hai-pUre samAja kI nyUnatama AvazyakatAeM pUrI ho jaaeN| roTI, kapar3A, makAna, davA aura zikSA ke sAdhana pratyeka vyakti ko sulabha ho jaaeN| Arthika samAnatA kI bAta chor3a deN|.......itnaa ho sakatA hai-jIvana kI prArambhika aura maulika AvazyakatAeM sabako samAna rUpa se mile| apanI-apanI vizeSa yogyatA se vyakti lAbha kamAe, usameM dUsaroM ko Apatti na ho| raskina aura gAMdhI kA mata thA-eka nyAyAdhikArI ko jitanA mile utanA hI eka vakIla ko mile| isakA matalaba hai, jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho sake, utanA to avazya mile| yaha bAta bhI taba taka saphala nahIM ho sakegI, jaba taka Arthika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha Arthika saMyama aura bhogopabhoga ke saMyama kI bAta nahIM judd'egii| Arthika vikAsa para bahuta bala diyA gayA, adhika utpAdana, adhika Aya aura samAna vitaraNa ina para dhyAna diyA gayA, kintu inake sAtha do bAtoM ko jor3anA cAhie thA-Arthika saMyama aura icchA kA sNym| Aja ke arthazAstrI Arthika vikAsa ke sAtha saMyama kI bAta ko jor3a dete to eka nayA samIkaraNa bntaa|14 maulika ciMtana ke sAtha kathana meM yathArtha kA citraNa hai| Aja kA vyakti, samAja va rASTra kevala saMgraha karanA jAnate haiM, saMyama kI bAta nahIM jaante| Aja kevala Arthika va bhautika vikAsa kI bAta para bala diyA jAtA hai| niyaMtraNa va saMyama kI bAta para nahIM, jo samasyA kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai| artha jagata kI samasyA se mahAprajJa bhalI bhA~ti vAkipha the| unhoMne kahA-maiMne to sAre deza meM ghUma-ghUma kara dekhA hai ki sabase bar3I koI samasyA hai to vaha hai anaitikatA kI smsyaa| agara vyApAra jagata meM, udyoga jagata meM rAjanIti ke taMtra meM aura dharmataMtra meM naitikatA hotI to Aja svataMtratA ke pacAsa varSa bAda bhI garIbI kI samasyA mu~ha bAeM khar3I na hotI, vaha kabhI kI vidA ho cukI hotii| samasyA ke mUla meM bhraSTAcAra kA bolabAla hai| bhaSTAcAra to keMsara kI taraha hai| ise jitanA jaldI ho sake samApta karane kI bAta sarAhanIya hai| yaha koI zarIra se jur3A huA masalA nahIM hai| yaha sIdhA dila aura dimAga se tAlluka rakhatA hai| udyogapatiyoM meM eka bhAvanA jage ki hama bhraSTAcAra-mukta samAja kI racanA meM sahayogI bneNge| ...dizA aura dRSTi ko badalanA hai| sthitiyA~ apane Apa badala jaaegii| Arthika samasyA kA maulika samAdhAna prastuta karate hue batalAyA-artha para bhI naitikatA kA anuzAsana, ahiMsA kA anuzAsana aura adhyAtma kA anuzAsana ho to artha bhI samasyA paidA nahIM kreNgaa| anuzAsana ke abhAva meM artha kI lolupatA itanI bar3ha jAtI hai, jo Age calakara vibhinna aparAdhoM ko janma detI hai....artha kI lipsA AdamI ko usa stara para le jAtI hai, jahA~ ekamAtra 234 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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arthArjana hI unakA lakSya bana jAtA hai| AdamI ke dila-dimAga para artha bahuta adhika hAvI ho gayA hai| artha kA sAmrAjya itanA vistRta ho gayA ki isase aba koI kSetra achUtA nahIM rahA hai| Aja bAjAra meM, korTa, kacaharI aura nyAyAlayoM meM, rAjanIti meM, sAmAjika saMdarbho meM, maMdira aura masjidoM meM bhI isakI ghusapaiTha ho gaI hai| parivartana kA eka mAtra upAya hai-ahiMsA kI cetanA kA jaagrnn| karuNA, saMvedanA athavA tyAga kI cetanA kA jaagrnn|16 naitikatA kI pratiSThA meM prAmANikatA aura icchA parimANa mahatvapUrNa hai| 'ahiMsA kA arthazAstra' aba eka jvalaMta viSaya bana gayA hai| Aja kA jo arthazAstra hai, vaha ahiMsA ko nahIM, hiMsA ko bar3hAne vAlA hai| jarUrata hai aise arthazAstra kI jo ahiMsA para AdhArita ho| Aja ke arthazAstra kI mUla dhAraNA hai icchA bar3hAo, utpAdana bar3hAo, isase vikAsa hogaa| ahiMsA ke arthazAstra meM icchA ko bar3hAne kI nahIM, balki icchA ke parisImana aura alpIkaraNa kI bAta hogii| yaha saMyama kA arthazAstra hogaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ke sAnnidhya meM 'ikonomiksa eMDa naoNna vAyaleMsa' para kaI seminAra Ayojita hue haiN|17 vyaktigata svAmitva ke saMdarbha meM unake vicAra the ki ahiMsaka samAja kA sadasya vyaktigata dhana kitanA rakhe, yaha saMkhyA nirdhArita karanA bar3A jaTila hai| isakA sarala sUtra yaha ho sakatA hai-jitanI AvazyakatA utanA sNgrh| ahiMsaka samAja kA sadasya zramika yA bauddhika hone se pahale saMyamI hogaa| ataH vaha avAstavika AvazyakatAoM kA aMbAra khar3A nahIM kregaa| usakA saMgraha do niyAmaka tattvoM se niyaMtrita hogA1. arjana ke sAdhanoM kI zuddhi 2. visrjn| __ahiMsaka samAja meM sAdhana-zuddhi kA sAdhya se kama mUlya nahIM hogaa| ataH ahiMsaka samAja kA sadasya arjana ke sAdhanoM kI zuddhi kA pUrNa viveka rkhegaa| vaha vyavahAra meM prAmANika rhegaa| prAmANikatA ke saMdarbha hogeM. kisI vastu meM milAvaTa kara yA nakalI ko asalI batAkara nahIM becegaa| taula-mApa meM kamI-bezI nahIM kregaa| cora-bAjArI nahIM kregaa| rAjya-niSidha vastu kA vyApAra va AyAta-niryAta nahIM kregaa| * sauMpI yA dharI (bandhaka) vastu ke lie inakAra nahIM kregaa| arjana ke sAdhanoM kI zuddhi rakhate hue use jo prApta ho, vaha kevala usake lie hI nahIM hogaa| ahiMsaka samAja kI AvazyakatA vyaktigata saMyama ke dvArA niyantrita hogii| usakA sadasya atirikta artha kA visarjana kara degaa| visarjita artha sAmAjika koSa ke rUpa meM saMgrahIta hogaa| samAja-kalyANa ke lie usakA upayoga hotA rhegaa| mahAprajJa ke ye vicAra mahAtmA gAMdhI ke Arthika nyAsitA saMbaMdhI vicAroM se mela khAte haiN| Arthika prazikSaNa sUtra svastha samAja kA aparihArya aMga Arthika svasthatA hai| Arthika svasthatA saMpoSaka sUtroM ke prazikSaNa para unhoMne bala diyA. vo nimna haiM ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 235

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visarjana kI manovRtti kA prazikSaNa __ asaMgraha kA prshikssnn| vikendrita artha-vyavasthA kA prshikssnn| vizva-zAnti kA prshikssnn| * svastha-samAja kA prshikssnn| . arthArjana meM prAmANikatA kA prshikssnn| . saMvibhAga kI manovRtti kA prshikssnn| . upabhoga kI asIma lAlasA ke niyamana evaM upabhoga ke sImAkaraNa kA prshikssnn| ina sUtroM ke prAyogika pariNAma svarUpa samunnata Arthika vikAsa kA sapanA sAkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| inake vyApaka prazikSaNa kI apekSA hai| prazikSaNa kA prArUpa vyaktigata svAmitva, sAmUhika .. svAmitva, rAjya kA svAmitva, sahakAritA, kendrita artha-vyavasthA, vikendrita artha-vyavasthA ina sabakI mImAMsA ke pazcAt taiyAra kiyA gayA hai, yaha sarvottama prAmANita huA hai| vyavahAra ke dharAtala para dekhA jAye to sAmUhika svAmitva aura rAjya kA svAmitva donoM Arthika vikAsa kI daur3a meM pichar3a gaye haiN|19 mahAprajJa ke zabdoMmeM-vartamAna arthazAstrIya avadhAraNA meM bhI parivartana jarUrI hai| Aja sApekSa arthazAstra kI bahuta AvazyakatA hai| isa viSaya para arthazAstriyoM ke sAtha kaI seminAra aura goSThiyAM kara cuke haiM aura prAyaH sabhI arthazAstriyoM ne rileTiva ikonomiksa kI avadhAraNA kA samarthana kiyA hai| 20 prastuta abhimata vartamAna ke pariprekSya meM Arthika vikAsa kI naI saMbhAvanaoM ko ujAgara karatA hai| isameM vyakti, samAja, rASTrIya aura aMtarrASTrIya arthAnubaMdhI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA paryApta avakAza hai| susaMgaThita samAja kA AdhAra samAja vyApI viSamatAoM ke nivAraNa hetu naI samAja-vyavasthA aura ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhI ne kahA 'Aja samAja meM jo asamAnatAe~ vartamAna hai, vaha vizeSa rUpa se janatA ke ajJAna ke kAraNa hai| janatA jaise-jaise apanI sahaja zaktiyoM kA anubhava karatI jAyagI vaise-vaise samasta asamAnatAeM naSTa hotI jaayegii| yadi yaha krAMti hiMsA dvArA huI to sthiti jaisI Aja hai, usake viparIta hI hogii|. ....Aja loga jisa naI vyavasthA kI AzA lagAye hue haiM, vaha to ahiMsA dvArA arthAt hRdaya parivartana dvArA hI utpanna ho skegii| merI apIla aura kArya-praNAlI zuddha ahiMsA kI hai|12| apanI isI AsthA ke sahAre unhoMne samAja vyApI ajJAna ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyaa| suvyavasthita samAja aura ahiMsA donoM meM nikaTa kA saMbaMdha hai| hiMsA ke AdhAra para kabhI svastha samAja nahIM bana sktaa| tarka kI kasauTI para jisa dina vanamAnuSa ne hiMsA ke krUra kAranAmeM tyAga kara ahiMsA kI rAha para kadama bar3hAye tabhI mAnava samAja kA nirmANa saMbhava huaa| isase Age jaba samAja ne suvyavasthA kAyama karane ke lie niyamopaniyama apanAye taba usakA svarUpa nikhara paayaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI ke isa ciMtana se jur3A huA AcArya mahAprajJa kA mantavya hai ki mAnavIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA uccatama vikAsa bindu hai-ahiNsaa| manuSya cintanazIla prANI hai isalie vaha hara kSetra meM vikAsa kI yAtrA karatA hai| sAmAjika stara kI ahiMsA eka vikAsa hai| adhyAtma ke stara para sarvocca 236 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vikAsa hai| samAja kI AcAra-saMhitA usake binA pallavita nahIM ho sktii| adhyAtma kI AcArasaMhitA usake binA bana nahIM sktii| adhyAtma kA pahalA bindu ahiMsA hai aura carama bindu bhI ahiMsA hai| 22 ahiMsA mahAprajJa ke anusAra adhyAtma jagat aura samAja kI AcAra-saMhitA, donoM ke vikAsa kI mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai| susaMgaThita samAja racanA ke maulika pahalU kI AdhAra bhitti kA citraNa kiyA-ahiMsA ke binA, satya aura aparigraha ke binA samAja nahIM bntaa| ___ ahiMsA vikAsa kA pahalA tattva hai-bhAvanA kA privrtn| hiMsA ke aneka kAraNa haiM unameM eka bar3A kAraNa hai-bhAvanA, eka prakAra kI dhAraNA kA nyaas| AdamI-AdamI ko AdamI nahIM mAna rahA hai yaha eka bhAvanA hai aura jaba taka isa bhAvanA kA parivartana nahIM hotA taba taka isa sAmAjika mUlya kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa|......adhyaatm ke AcAryoM ne isa bhAvanA-parivartana ke lie kucha zabda die-'Atmaupamya,' 'Atma tulA', 'saba jIva samAna,' saba jIva apanI AtmA jaise haiN|' ye zabda bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM aura gaMbhIra artha kI sUcanA dene vAle haiN| isa bhAvanA ke abhAva meM jAtIya vidveSa panapA, sAMpradAyika vidveSa aura rAjya kA sImAgata vidveSa pnpaa| yadi yaha bhAvanA vikasita hotI ki saba jIva samAna haiM merI AtmA ke jaisI hI dUsare kI AtmA hai, jaisI sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti mujhe hotI hai, vaisI hI sAmane vAle vyakti ko hotI hai, to yaha jAtIya aura sAmpradAyika AkrozavidveSa kabhI nahIM panapa paataa| vartamAna sthiti para prakAza DAlA jAye to gaMbhIratA najara aayegii| raMga ke AdhAra para jAti ke AdhAra para dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para bhI vidveSa panapA hai| eka saMpradAya vAlA eka varNa vizeSavAlA dUsare sampradAya vAle dUsare varNa vAle ko hIna mAna rahA hai aura apane Apako ucca pramANita kara rahA hai| ye sAre vidveSa isa AdhAra para panape haiM ki ahiMsA kA sUtra thA mAnava jAti kI ekatA kA, use bhUlA diyA gyaa| _ 'manuSya jAti eka hai'-isa mUlya kI pratiSThA aneka samasyAoM kA eka samAdhAna hai| kucha logoM ne isa dizA meM prayatna kie isameM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya prayatna hai mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa ke| unhoMne ina sAre vidveSoM ko miTAne aura ahiMsA ke prati AsthA utpanna karane kA athaka prayAsa kiyA, parantu itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai, ghaTanAeM svayaM pramANa haiM ki vaha prayatna eka sImA taka saphala huA, kintu vyApaka stara para saphalatA abhI bhI bAkI hai| para, sAmAjika dharAtala para yaha saccAI hai jaba-jaba saMgharSa, azAMti, vivAda, ugra bane vahA~ dhyAna tatkAla samajhaute kI ora jAtA hai| jaba paMjAba kI samasyA ugra banI pUre rASTra kA dhyAna kendrita ho gayA ki AtaMkavAda samApta honA cAhie, hiMsA kI ugratA aba nahIM calanI caahie| isakA artha yaha hai ki AdamI hiMsA cAhatA nahIM, karatA hai| vaha cAhatA ahiMsA hai, cAhatA zAnti hai kintu unmAda AtA hai aura unmAda meM vaha hiMsA, azAMti kara DAlatA hai| yaha bAta samajha meM AnI cAhie ki samAja kA mUlya ahiMsA hI ho sakatA hai aura isI AdhAra para samAja banA hai| vaha nahIM hotA to samAja banatA hI nhiiN| eka AdamI dUsare AdamI ko khAne aura kATane ko taiyAra rhtaa| kintu sabase pahalA samajhautA yahI huA ki bhAI! tuma bhI apanI sImA meM raho aura maiM bhI apanI sImA meM rahU~ aura hama donoM sAtha-sAtha jIe~, samAja banakara jiieN| kAla ke lambe phAsale se AdamI ahiMsA kI isa bAta ko bhUla-sA gayA hai| ataH samyak upacAra hetu ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 237

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bacapana se hI ahiMsA kI isa AsthA kA nirmANa-'saba jIva samAna hai, manuSya vaisA hI hai jaisA maiM hU~ aura jaisA maiM hU~ vaisA hI dUsarA manuSya hai' kiyA jaaye| isa AsthA ke nirmANa kI pRSThabhUmi meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne do mahattvapUrNa sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA 1. dhAraNA yA bhAvanA kA parivartana 2. prema yA maitrI kA vikaas| hiMsA kA mUla hai-ghRnnaa| jaba taka ghRNA paidA nahIM hotI, AdamI hiMsA nahIM kara sktaa| lar3anA hotA hai, yuddha karanA hotA hai to sAmane vAle ke prati ghRNA paidA kI jAtI hai| yadi yahUdI jAti ke prati ghRNA paidA nahIM kI jAtI to lAkhoM yahUdiyoM ko binA mauta nahIM mArA jaataa| pahale ghRNA paidA kI jAtI hai aura phira hiMsA kI jAtI hai| Aja bhI jitanA AtaMkavAda cala rahA hai vaha sArA ghRNA ke AdhAra para cala rahA hai| prema utpanna hone para koI kisI ko satA nahIM sktaa| prema utpanna karanA, prema kA vikAsa karanA, maitrI kA vikAsa karanA, yaha ahiMsA kA mahattvapUrNa tattva hai| kabIra ne yahAM taka likhA 'pothA par3ha-par3ha jaga bhayA, paMDita bhayA na koy| DhAI akSara prema kA, par3he so paMDita hoy||' Aja kI samasyA kA, hiMsA kI ugra ghaTanAoM kA mUla kAraNa hai isa prema ke Adarza ko bhuulaanaa||23 vyApaka jana saMparka ke AdhAra para AcArya mahAprajJa kA yaha mantavya banA ki prema, maitrI, karuNA ke Adarza ko pratiSThita karake hI ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA kA AMzika sapanA pUrA kiyA jA sakatA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM ahiMsA kI sUkSmatama sAdhanA kA manana dhArmika jagat kA mAnya viSaya hai| para ahiMsA ko svastha samAja, naitika samAja saMracanA meM anivArya tattva ke rUpa meM gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ne samAna rUpa se svIkArA hai| dharma ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kA pratipAdana jitanA saca hai utanA hI vyAvahArika, sAmAjika jIvana ko Anandamaya banAne ke lie ahiMsA kA AcaraNa anivArya hai| isa saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kA maMtavya hai ki rAga-dveSamakta cetanA ahiMsA hai| yaha dharma kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa hai| jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanA, jhUTha nahIM bolanA, corI nahIM karanA, brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA, parigraha nahIM rakhanA-yaha dharma kA naitika svarUpa hai| rAga-dveSamukta cetanA Atmika svarUpa hai| vaha kisI dUsare ke prati nahIM hai aura usakA sambandha kisI dUsare se nahIM hai| jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanA-yaha dUsaroM ke prati AcaraNa hai| isalie yaha naitika hai| naitika niyama dharma ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa se hI phalita hotA hai| isakA udaya dharma kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa hI hai| isalie yaha dharma se bhinna nahIM ho sktaa| harbarTa spensara aura thaoNmasa haksale tathA Adhunika prakRtivAdI aura mAnavatAvAdI ciMtakoM ne dharma aura naitikatA ko pRthak sthApita kiyA hai| yaha saMgata nahIM hai| jo AcaraNa dharma kI dRSTi se sahI hai, vaha naitikatA kI dRSTi se sahI hai, vaha naitikatA kI dRSTi se galata nahIM ho sktaa| dharma apane meM aura naitikatA dasaroM ke prati-ina donoM meM yahI aMtara hai| kinta inameM itanI darI nahIM hai jisase eka hI AcaraNa ko dharma kA samarthana aura naitikatA kA virodha prApta ho| dharma kA tattva ahiMsAdi vyakti meM jitanA saghana hogA samAja kA DhAMcA utanA hI sabala hogaa| vyakti-vyakti kA AcaraNavyavahAra hI sAmAjika saMdarbha meM kAryakArI banatA hai| ataH svastha samAja saMracanA meM mahAprajJa ahiMsAdi naitika mUlyoM kA honA anivArya mAnate the| ve kahate haiM vyakti aura samAja do haiN| anekAnta kI 238 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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dRSTi se vicAra kareM to donoM eka hI haiM / samAja - vyakti vikAsa kI dRSTi se donoM ke vikAsa kA eka bar3A AdhAra sUtra banatA hai ahiMsA / jahA~ samAja hai, vahA~ AzvAsana bahuta jarUrI hai / ahiMsA sabase bar3A AzvAsana hai / ahiMsA ke dvArA AzvAsana taba milatA hai, jaba vAtAvaraNa bhayamukta hotA hai / isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bAra-bAra kahA - kisI se Daro mt| upaniSad meM kahA gayA - sArI dizAe~ merI mitra hai / maitrI aura abhaya ke saMskAra jitane saghana banate haiM, ahiMsA kI cetanA utanI hI puSTa banatI hai| 125 samagra dRSTi se samAja racanA ke AdhAra kA Akalana karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA vaiyaktika vizeSatAoM kI upekSA kara kevala samAja racanA kI kalpanA karane vAle apanI kalpanA ko sAkAra nahIM kara pAte / yadi samAjavAda aura sAmyavAda ke sAtha janmajAta vaiyaktika vizeSatAoM (zarIra racanA, AnuvaMzikatA, mAnasika cintana kI zakti, bhAva, saMvedana, saMvega, jJAna athavA grahaNa kI kSamatA) kA samIkaraNa hotA to samAja racanA ko svastha AdhAra mila jAtA hai / samAjIkaraNa ke lie jina AdhAra sUtroM kI AvazyakatA hai, ve janmajAta vaiyaktika vizeSatAoM se jur3e hue haiM / samAja racanA kA eka AdhAra hai- parasparopagraha athavA parasparAvalaMbana / samAja racanA kA dUsarA AdhAra hai-saMvedanazIlatA / samAja racanA kA tIsarA AdhAra hai- svAmitva kI sImA / samAja racanA kA cauthA AdhAra hai-svataMtratA kI sImA / samAja racanA kA pA~cavA~ AdhAra hai-bhAva kA vikAsa, bauddhika vikAsa, cintana kA vikAsa, zilpa aura kalA kA vikAsa / saMgrahanaya abheda pradhAna dRSTi hai| usake AdhAra para samAja nirmANa hotA hai / vyavahAra naya bheda pradhAna dRSTi hai usake AdhAra para vyakti kI vaiyaktikatA surakSita rahatI hai| vyakti aura samAja-donoM ke samanvaya pUrvaka yadi vyavasthA, niyama, kAnUna banAyA jAe to usakA anupAlana sahaja aura vyApaka hogaa| 126 * * * . sarvodaya samAja saMgaThita samAja kI mImAMsA ke sAtha apanI svataMtra soca ke AdhAra para jisa sarvodaya kA citrAMkana gAMdhI ne kiyA usako jAne binA ahiMsaka samAja racanA kA jJAna adhUrA hogA / sarvodaya samAja kI pRSThabhUmi meM 'sarvodaya' zabda ko samajhanA jarUrI hai| yaha eka aisA gUr3hArtha zabda hai jisameM Atmika, naitika, vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika saha vaizvika vikAsa ke sUtra nihita haiM / sarvodaya kA zAbdika artha hai - sabakA udaya, saba prakAra se udaya evaM sabake dvArA udaya / isake bIja sUtra prAcIna graMthoM meM khoje jA sakate haiM . * veda sabhI prANiyoM ke udaya kI bAta karate haiM / mahAbhArata- 'sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkha bhAgabhaveta / / ' IzAvAsyopaniSad ke prathama zloka meM'IzAvAsyamidma sarvaM yat kiMcita jagAtyAM jagata / tena vyaktena bhuMjIthAH mA gRthaH kazyacid dhanam / / ' ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 239

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. gItA meM 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu, sarvabhUta hitertaaH|' . jainAcArya samaMtabhadra ne - 'sarvodaya tIrthamidaM tvaveva' spaSTatayA 'sarvodaya' zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se dekheM to isake AdhyAtmika aura sAmAjika ubhaya artha dhvanita haiN| Adhunika pariprekSya meM raskina ke 'anTU disa lAsTa' kA gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda 'sarvodaya' gAMdhI ne kiyaa| gAMdhI ne sarvodaya vicAra ko sAmAjika saMdarbha meM prayukta karate hue isake mukhya tIna pahalU prakaTa kiye 1. eka vyakti kI bhalAI sabhI kI bhalAI meM nihita hai| 2. vakIla aura nAI ke kAma bhI samAna haiM kyoMki sabhI ko apane kAma se AjIvikA calAne kA adhikAra hai| 3. eka majadUra, kisAna evaM kArIgara ke jIvana jIne yogya haiN| 27 yaha 'sarvodaya' kA saMbodha kAlAMtara meM gAMdhI ke lie rAmarAjya kalpanA kA AdhAra bnaa| samAja meM ahiMsA kI vikasita bhamikA para gAMdhI sarvodaya samAja kI racanA karanA cAhate the| aisA samAja jisameM na zoSaNa ho, na zAsana ho| satya aura ahiMsA kI dhUrI para nirmita vaha samAja apane ApameM Adarza hogA jisameM zarIra zrama anivArya hogaa| aisA samAja jisameM jAta-pA~ta, dharma kA bhedabhAva na hogA, zoSaNa kI guMjAiza na hogI aura vyakti tathA samAja donoM ko apane vikAsa kA pUrA avasara milegaa| isa uddezya kI siddhi meM nimna sAdhanoM kA avalambana iSTa rahA * sAmAjika ekatA (bhinna-bhinna dharmoM ke mAnane vAloM meM tathA jAtiyoM meM mitrtaa)| * aspRzyatA ko dUra krnaa| * jAta-pAta ko samApta krnaa| * nshaabndii| * khAdI aura grAmodyoga ko vikasita krnaa| * gA~voM kI sphaaii| * nayI taaliim| * puruSoM aura striyoM meM adhikAra aura pratiSThA kI smaantaa| * Arogya aura svcchtaa| * bhAratIya bhASAoM kA vikaas| * saMkIrNa prAntIya bhAva ko mittaanaa| * hindI bhASA kA rASTra bhASA ke rUpa meM prcaar| * Arthika smaantaa| * khetI kI unnti| * majadUroM kA sNgtthn| * AdivAsI kalyANa * vidyaarthii-sNgtthn| * kuSTha-rogiyoM kI sevaa| * anAtha daridroM kI sevaa| * go sevaa| * prAkRtika cikitsaa|28 ina nirdiSTita binduoM ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki gAMdhI ne kitane unnata sarvodaya samAja saMracanA kA sapanA saMjoyA thaa| samaya-samaya para ina tathyoM kI vistAra se mImAMsA karane meM apanI pUrI zakti lgaaii| yadyapi loga 'sarvodaya-samAja' parikalpanA ko 'yUTopiyA' kI saMjJA dete the| para jisa dina samAja kI vyavasthA isa darzana kI anurUpa ghaTita hogI vaha samaya bar3I upalabdhi kA hogaa| isake pIche gAMdhI kI jo manasA thI usameM samagra samAja ko ahiMsA-prema-satya aura bhAIcAre ke mUlyoM se abhisnAta kara duniyA ke samakSa bhArata-bhU kA eka nayA ahiMsaka Adarza prastuta karanA thaa| antyodaya sarvodaya samAja kA AdhAra 'antyodaya' kI pRSThabhUmi meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| gAMdhI ne sabhI ke udaya yAni vikAsa kA jo Adarza prastuta kiyA usakI mUlabhUta ikAI 'antyodaya' hI hai| sAmAjika nyAya kA yaha takAjA hai ki jo garIba yA kamajora hai usako pahale Upara uThAnA caahie| isIlie gAMdhI ne antyodaya kI bAta kahI thii| vikAsa kI paddhati aisI honI cAhiye ki usakA lAbha sabase kamajora ko sabase pahale mile||29 unakI yaha soca samAja ke pratyeka vyakti ke utthAna kA AdhAra bana sakatI hai| 240 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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gAMdhI ke samAjavAdI vicAroM meM anubhUti kA Aloka aura RSi-paraMparA kA Adarza hai / unhoMne kahA- 'merA samAjavAda kitAboM kA nakalI samAjavAda nahIM, sahaja aura svAbhAvika samAjavAda hai / ahiMsA meM merI AsthA se vaha utpanna huA hai / ahiMsA kA AcaraNa karane vAlA aisA koI AdamI ho hI nahIM sakatA, jo sAmAjika anyAya kA virodhI na ho / ' spaSTa rUpa se unake samAjavAda meM vyakti kA virodha nahIM, samAja meM palane vAlI galata rugNa prathA-paraMparA kA virodha thA / sarala zabdoM meM unakA samAjavAda svastha paraMparA kA paripoSaka evaM vaiyaktika zAMti kA pakSadhara thaa| gAMdhI ke sarvodayasamAja prakalpa ko mahAprajJa ke saMskArakSama, svastha samAja parikalpanA meM jhAMkA jA sakatA hai| saMskArakSama, svastha samAja ahiMsAmUlaka saMskArakSama samAja kI parikalpanA AcArya mahAprajJa kI nirmala soca se niSpanna hai| isameM maulikatA aura sAmayikatA kA adbhuta saMgama hai| saMskArakSama samAja kI pRSThabhUmi ko prakaTa karate hue unhoMne batAyA-ahiMsA zabda jaise hI sAmane AtA hai, aneka bhrAntiyoM kA jAla sAmane A jAtA hai / ahiMsA ke sandarbha meM kauna-sA sirA thAmeM, yaha Ama logoM ke lie jAnanA kaThina hai / ahiMsA kA prAraMbha bindu hai-hiMsA kA saMkalpa mana meM na aae| saMkalpajA hiMsA na ho, mAnasika, vaicArika aura pratikriyAtmaka hiMsA na ho / sAtha hI unhoMne isa bAta para bala diyA ki jIvana-zailI ko ahiMsaka banAne ke lie alpecchA, alpAraMbha aura alpaparigraha kA siddhAnta pUrNa prAsaMgika hai / 130 samAja ke stara para yaha Avazyaka hai / samAja meM hiMsA panapane ke jaba taka AdhAra vidyamAna raheMge taba taka pUrNa ahiMsaka samAja kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / samAja vyApI hiMsA ke utpreraka tattvoM kA jikra karate hue mahAprajJa kahate hai 'jAtivAda, raMgabheda, garIbI, kSetravAda - ina pUrvAgrahoM se grasta samAja samaya-samaya para hiMsA kI Aga meM IMdhana DAlatA rahatA hai| jAtivAda aura raMgabheda ke sarpadaMza se chuTakArA pAne ke lie mAnavIya ekatA ke vikAsa kA prazikSaNa atyanta apekSita hai|' itihAsa ke kenavAsa para ise AMkA jA sakatA hai| samAja meM vyApta vijAtIya tattvoM kA pariSkAra ho isa hetu mahApuruSoM ne samaya-samaya para sAmAjika ahiMsaka krAMti kA svara bulaMda kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko uddhRta karate hue mahAprajJa ne kucha maulika tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA 1. usa samaya dAsa prathA cAlU thI / sampanna manuSya vipanna manuSya ko kharIdakara dAsa banA letA thaa| mahAvIra ne isa hiMsA ke prati janatA kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyaa| unhoMne eka sUtra diyA-dAsa banAnA hiMsA hai, isalie kisI ko dAsa mata banAo / 2. usa samaya ke puruSa striyoM ko aura zAsaka varga zAsitoM ko parAdhIna rakhanA apanA adhikAra mAnate the| mahAvIra ne isa ora janatA kA dhyAna khIMcA ki dUsaroM ko parAdhIna banAnA hiMsA hai| unhoMne ahiMsA sUtra diyA - dUsaroM kI svAdhInatA kA apaharaNa mata karo / 3. ucca aura nIca ye do jAtiyAM samAja-vyavasthA dvArA svIkRta thI / ucca jAti nIca jAti se ghRNA karatI thI / use achUta bhI mAnatI thI / mahAvIra ne isa vyavasthA ko amAnavIya karAra diyaa| unhoMne balapUrvaka kahA- jAti vAstavika nahIM hai / jAti-vyavasthA parivartanazIla hai, kAlpanika hai| ise zAzvata kA rUpa dekara hiMsA ko protsAhana mata do| kisI manuSya ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 241

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se ghRNA mata kro| unhoMne saba jAti ke logoM ko apane saMgha meM sammilita kara 'manuSya jAti eka hai'-isa Andolana ko gatizIla banA diyaa| 4. usa samaya svarga kI prApti ke lie pazu kI bali dI jAtI thii| mahAvIra ne kahA-svarga manuSya kA uddezya nahIM hai, usakA uddezya hai nirvaann-prmshaanti| pazubali se svarga nahIM miltaa| jo pazu bali detA hai, vaha mUka pazuoM kI hiMsA kara apane lie naraka kA dvAra kholatA hai| 5. yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki yuddha meM marane vAlA svarga meM jAtA hai| mahAvIra ne isakI avAstavikatA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA-'yuddha hiMsA hai| vaira se vaira bar3hatA hai| usase samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hotaa| 6. AkramaNa mata kro| mAMsAhAra aura zikAra kA varjana kro||| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA nirdiSTa ahiMsaka samAja krAMti ke ye AdhArabhUta tattva vartamAna samAja vyavasthA ko svaccha evaM svastha banAne meM ahaM bhUmikA rakhate haiN| sAmAjika pariveza meM ahiMsA ke svarUpa kA jikra mahAprajJa ne kiyA-'samAja ke kisI bhI vyakti kA zoSaNa nahIM karanA, lUTa-khasoTa nahIM karanA, pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAnA, AghAta nahIM karanA, hIna bhAvanA paidA nahIM karanA Adi-Adi samAjAbhimukhI ahiMsA hai| Aja samAjAbhimukhI ahiMsA kI ora dhyAna bahuta kama hai| svAbhimukhI ahiMsA kI ora bhI dhyAna kendrita nahIM hai| kevala choTe prANiyoM kI ora abhimukhI ahiMsA hI jyAdA cala rahI hai| cIMTI ko nahIM satAnA, nahIM mAranA usakA eka nidarzana bana sakatA hai|'132 samAja ke dharAtala para ina maulika ghaTakoM ko utArane kA prayatna kiyA jAye to parivartana kA mArga prazasta hogaa| ahiMsA vikAsa kI naI sa~bhAvanAe~ ujAgara hogii| svastha samAja ke svarUpa kA citraNa karate hue mahAprajJa ne batalAyA 'jisa samAja meM AzvAsana, parasparatA, sAmAjikatA aura saMvedanazIlatA hotI hai vaha samAja svastha hotA hai| samAja meM kamajora, asahAya, bacce, bUr3he, garIba, rogI sabhI zreNiyoM ke loga hote haiN| una sabhI ko sahayoga, sahAnubhUti samAja meM milanI caahie| jahA~ paraspara sukha-duHkha bA~Tane kI mAnasikatA hai vahI samAja vAstava meM svastha samAja kahalAne kA adhikArI hai| svastha samAja saMracanA ke AdhArabhUta binduoM kA ullekha karate hue isake maulika svarUpa ko prastuta kiyaa| isake saMyojana kA pahalA AdhAra bindu hai-aatmaanushaasn| jaba AtmAnuzAsana jAgatA hai taba AdamI meM ahiMsA ke bhAva prabala banate haiN| svastha samAja kA dUsarA sUtra hai-mAnavIya ekatA meM vizvAsa / AdamI meM apanA ahaM hai isIlie vaha ghRNA ko mahattva de detA hai| amuka loga choTe haiM, achUta haiM, kAle haiM isIlie hamAre pAsa nahIM baiTha sakate, hamAre sAtha eka vAhana meM bhI nahIM cala sakate, hamArI bastI meM nahIM basa sakate-Adi kacha aisI ahaM vRttiyA~ haiM, jisase Aja bhI AdamI grasita hai| dakSiNI aphrIkA isI bhayAnaka vyAdhi se grasita hai| nIgroM logoM ko lekara yahA~ kitanA bhedabhAva baratA jA rahA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ko isIlie vahAM kitanA kaSTa jhelanA par3A thaa| Aja bhI vaha samasyA pUrI nahIM sulajhI hai| jo samAja AtmAnuzAsana se bhAvita hotA hai, vaha zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva meM vizvAsa karatA hai| use hama cAheM to ahiMsaka samAja kaha deM, zAMtivAdI samAja kaha deM, cAheM zoSaNamukta samAja kaha deM, vaha vAstava meM svastha samAja hai| samAjavAdiyoM tathA sAmyavAdiyoM ne bhI aisI hI samAja kI 242 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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parikalpanA kI hai / AtmAnuzAsana ke prazikSaNa ke binA, athavA aNuvrata ke prazikSaNa ke binA aisA samAja kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai 1 svastha samAja meM hI saMvedanazIlatA, sahAnubhUti tathA karuNA kA vikAsa hotA hai| svastha samAja-saMracanA ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki AjIvikA apavitra arthAt aprAmANika na ho / jaba bhI AdamI aprAmANika hotA hai to usake mana meM bahane vAlA karuNA kA srota sUkha jAtA hai / svastha vyakti hI svastha samAja kA nirmAtA hotA hai / vyakti kI svasthatA usake AhAra para bhI bahuta kucha nirbhara karatI / yaha dekhA gayA hai - jina vyaktiyoM kA AhAra zuddha aura sAtvika hotA hai, unakA vicAra aura vyavahAra bhI sAtvika hotA hai / ataH sAtvika AhAra tathA vyasanamukta jIvana svastha samAja vyavasthA ke pramukha aMga hai / 33 inakI upekSA kara samAja kA vAMchita vikAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| saMpUrNa bhArata bhramaNa ke daurAna mahAprajJa ne samAja vyApI viSamatAoM ko bArIkI se AMkA aura samAdhAna kI zailI meM batAyA / svastha samAja nirbhara karatA hai naitika-Atmika guNoM ke vikAsa para / vikAsa ke mAnaka haiM 1. ahaM vilaya kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa / 2. parasparatA kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa / 3. tyAga kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa / 4. arjana ke sAtha visarjana kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa / 134 I inake samucita vikAsa se svastha samAja parikalpanA ko kriyAnvita kiyA jA sakatA hai / ahiMsaka samAja ke prasthAna meM eka mahattvapUrNa AyAma hai- suvidhAvAdI dRSTikoNa meM badalAva / mahAprajJa ne iMgita kiyA - hama pradUSaNa se cintita haiM, trasta haiM / suvidhAvAdI dRSTikoNa pradUSaNa paidA kara rahA hai| usa para hamArA dhyAna nahIM hai / maiM mAnatA hUM, samAja suvidhA ko chor3a nahIM sakatA; kintu vaha asIma na ho, yaha viveka Avazyaka hai| yadi suvidhAoM kA vistAra nirantara jArI rahA to ahiMsA kA svapna kabhI yathArtha meM pariNata nahIM hogA / hameM suvidhAvAdI dRSTikoNa ko samApta karanA hai, vicAroM meM mor3a lenA hai| unakA spaSTa maMtavya rahA ki yadi hama yaha cAhate haiM ki sAmAjika jIvana meM adhikatama ahiMsA yA zAMti ho, upadrava na ho, aparAdha na ho, AkrAmaka manovRttiyAM na hoM, AtaMkavAda na ho to suvidhAvAdI dRSTikoNa ko badalanA hogaa| donoM bAteM sAtha nahIM cala sktii|'35 suvidhAvAda ahiMsaka samAja kA bAdhaka tattva hai| isake calate vyakti zrama kI saMskRti ko bhUlakara kevala bhoga-vilAsa meM lipta hokara apanI karmajA kSamatAoM ko kuMThita kara detA hai| isase na kevala vaiyaktika vikAsa avaruddha hotA hai apitu sAmAjika vikAsa para praznacinha laga jAtA hai| ataH suvidhAvAdI manovRtti ke pariSkAra evaM zrama-cetanA ke jAgaraNa se hI samAja unnati ke sAtha ahiMsA kA varaNa kara sakatA hai / svastha samAja kA svarUpa usakI vikAsa prakriyA ko nirdhArita karatA hai / ahiMsaka samAja meM phalane-phUlane vAle tattvoM kA sUtrAtmaka zailI meM pratipAdana mahAprajJa kA kisI samAja zAstrI se kama nahIM hai| ve sUtra haiM 1. arthArjana ke sAdhanoM kI zuddhi 2. sattA kA vikendrIkaraNa 3. mUlyoM kI yathArthatA ahiMsaka samAja eka prArUpa / 243

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4. zrama kA ucita mUlyAMkana 5. naitikatA kA vikAsa 6. kartavya kI preraNA 7. svArtha kA visarjana yA svArtha sNtuln| jisa samAja meM ina tattvoM kA ucita sthAna hai, vistAra hai, prasAra hai, pratiSThA hai, vahI ahiMsaka svastha samAja kahA jA sakatA hai phira vaha duniyA ke kisI bhI kone meM kyoM na ho? ahiMsA yAtrA ahiMsaka samAja nirmANa meM AcArya mahAprajJa kA maulika yogadAna hai| vyakti-vyakti kI ahiMsaka cetanA jAgane para ahiMsaka samAja kA svarUpa niSpanna hogaa| jaba taka vyaktizaH cetanA meM parivartana nahIM hogA svastha samAja saMracanA kA sapanA adhUrA rhegaa| ve samAja parivartana kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsA kI tAlIma ko mahatvapUrNa mAnate the| ahiMsaka samAja nimArNa ke prayatnoM kI kar3I meM hAla hI meM saMpAdita sapta varSIya (2001-8) ahiMsA yAtrA mahatvapUrNa hai| ahiMsA yAtrA kA kAravAM rAjasthAna ke retIle TIloM se calakara dariyA ke kinAre mohamaI muMbaI taka phuNcaa| isa bIca gujarAta, madhyapradeza, hariyANA, paMjAba Adi aneka prAMtoM meM ahiMsA kA siMhanAda karatA haA deza kI rAjadhAnI dillI meM apanI pahacAna bnaaii| jana sAdhAraNa se lekara rASTrapati ke diloM meM ahiMsA yAtrA ke zAstA ne mahAtmA gAMdhI kI smRtiyA~ jIvaMta bnaaii| loga kahane lage eka aisA phakIra saMta, ahiMsA se otaHprota, mAnavatA kI bhASA meM bolatA hai| samAja, rASTra kA vyakti-vyakti kaise zAMti kA jIvana jIe, rahasya batalAtA hai| mAnoM ikkIsavIM sadI kA eka aura gAMdhI phira se svataMtra bhArata kA naitika patha prazasta kara rahA hai| logoM kI isa soca kA ekamAtra rAja hai-isa avasthA meM, jIvana ke 8-9 veM dazaka meM bhI vyaktigata anukUlatA ko gauNakara kaThora yAtrA patha kA cayana mAnava ko zAMti kA saMdeza dene ke lie mahAprajJa ne svIkAra kiyaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ke vyApaka uddezya, kArya aura upalabdhiyoM kI viSad vivecanA yathAzakya 'prAyogika svarUpa' meM pAThya sulabha rhegii| prastuta saMdarbha meM mAtra usake AMzika sAmAjika svarUpa kI mImAMsA abhiSTa hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA yAtrA meM tIna zabdoM para vizeSa dhyAna kendrita kara logoM ko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA-svastha vyakti, svastha samAja aura svastha arthvyvsthaa| vyakti aura samAja svastha bneN| samAja kI choTI ikAI parivAra hai| bar3I ikAI samAja hai| parivAra meM zAMti kaba raha sakatI hai? samAja meM, mahAnagara meM zAMti kaba raha sakatI hai? pUre rASTra meM zAMti kaba raha sakatI hai? agara sajjana caritra kA vikAsa nahIM hotA to phira kabhI zAMti kA vAtAvaraNa nahIM rhtaa| bhaya, AzaMkA, saMdeha, kalaha, lar3AI-jhagar3A, Aropa-pratyAropa aura AkSepa-pratyAkSepa calatA rahegA aura AdamI rote-rote eka dina mara jAegA aura bAta samApta ho jaaegii| ahiMsA ke dvArA kaise samAja meM zAMti kA vAtAvaraNa baneM aura kaise sajjana caritra kA vikAsa ho? isa saMdarbha meM unhoMne vyApaka ciMtana kiyA aura batAyA ahiMsA ke binA sajjana caritra kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsA ke mAdhyama se hI vaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai| isalie ahiMsA ke marma ko samajhane kA prayatna kreN| ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM hamArI samajha bahuta sthUla hai| ahiMsA ke marma ko nahIM samajha pA raheM haiN| usakI gaharAI ko samajha nahIM pA rahe haiN| hamane ahiMsA yAtrA meM ahiMsA ke saiMkar3oM 244 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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pahaluoM para vicAra kiyA hai / sAmAnya loga yahI samajhate haiM ki mAranA hiMsA hai aura nahIM mAranA ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA ke hajAroM paryAya haiN| paryAyoM para hamane samajhane aura samAjhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| isase vAtAvaraNa kA pariSkAra bhI huA hai| sajjana caritra ko samajhane kA prayatna kareM aura sajjana caritra ke dvArA zAMtipUrNa vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jIvana kA AnaMda prApta ho sakatA hai | 137 unhoMne sajjana caritra ke mAnaka prastuta kara ahiMsaka samAja kI bhUmikA ko adhika sugama banAyA hai| usake mukhya ghaTaka haiM- zAMta rahatA hai, dUsaroM ke doSa sabhA meM nahIM kahatA, dUsare kI samRddhi dekhakara jalana nahIM karatA, IrSyA nahIM karatA, saMtoSa kA anubhava karatA hai / dUsare ke kaSTa nivAraNa kA upAya khojnaa| apanI prazaMsA nahIM karatA, apanI zlAghA nahIM karatA, nyAya mArga se vicalita nahIM hotA, aucitya kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA, kSamA kA cAraNa karatA hai| samAja parivartana ke saMbaMdha meM ahiMsA yAtrA meM mahAprajJa ne spaSTa kahA- samAja kA r3hAMcA hama nahIM badala skte| yaha hamArA kAma nahIM hai| kiMtu samAja kI soca ko badalane ke kAma meM hama lage hue haiN| daheja utpIr3ana aura bhrUNahatyA kI samasyA tabhI sulajhegI, jaba AdamI kA ciMtana badalegA / sabase pahale isa saMdarbha meM janatA kA ajJAna aura bhrama miTanA cAhie, usakI soca pariSkRta honI caahie| mahilA samAja meM jAgRti kI lahara paidA karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA- bhrUNa hatyA rokane kA abhiyAna aura jyAdA tIvra aura vyApaka honA caahie| isake lie pUre samAja ko AMdolita karanA hai| mahilAe~ apanI mahilA jAti ko bacAne ke lie Age aaeN| isa samaya unake astitva kA savAla paidA ho gayA hai| agara mahilAe~ na cetIM to bahuta bar3I vibhISikA unake sAmane hai 1 paMjAba meM prativarSa cAlIsa hajAra bhrUNoM kI hatyA kI bAta sunakara mahAprajJa kA karuNa hRdaya dravita bana bola uThA-ajanmeM kanyA bhrUNa ko kokha meM hI samApta karanA kitanI bar3I vibhISikA hai, isase hI aMdAjA lagA sakate haiM ki Ane vAle dinoM meM isakA pariNAma kyA hogA ?...... eka bhISaNa yuddha lar3A jA rahA hai| yuddha meM bhI varSabhara meM cAlIsa hajAra sainikoM kI hatyA nahIM hotI hogI / yaha yuddha kAnUna aura daMDa ke dvArA nahIM ruukegaa| isake lie hRdaya parivartana Avazyaka hai| bhItara kI cetanA badale, taba kahIM jAkara yaha jaghanya kArya rUkegA / vyakti ke bhItara hiMsA kI jo uthala-puthala cala rahI hai, use rokane ke lie usake manobhAva ko parivartita karane kA prayatna kiyA jaae| yaha bAta manuSya ke mana-mastiSka meM samAjAe ki ajanmeM zizu kI hatyA karanA ghora pApa hai, taba kahIM jAkara bhrUNahatyA para aMkuza lgegaa| 139 ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna bhrUNa hatyA kA muddA hara jagaha pramukha rUpa se uThAyA gyaa| gA~voM meM bahutasI aisI striyAM mahAprajJa ke sAmane AI, jinake mana meM prAyazcita kA bhAva thaa| ve kahatI - 'hameM mAlUma nahIM thA yaha itanA burA kAma hai / apanI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa aisA kadama uThAyA / ' aisA kahate hue ve ro par3atIM ve hamase ( mahAprajJa se) prAyazcita kI mAMga karatI / 39 kathana meM atiraMjanA nahIM yathArtha kA nidarzana hai / ahiMsA yAtrA meM nArI utthAna ke vyApaka prayatnoM meM daheja kA muddA bhI uThAyA gayA / mahAprajJa ne niHsaMkoca apanI sabhAoM meM kahA- Aja daheja kI bImArI kaiMsara se bhI adhika ghAtaka bana rahI hai / vaha aneka parivAroM kI aneka kanyAoM kI vali le rahI hai / kanyA yA to bhrUNa ke rUpa meM hI ahiMsaka samAja eka prArUpa / 245

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samApta kara dI jAtI hai| saikar3oM kanyAe~ apanI upekSA aura svayaM ko mAtA-pitA kI ciMtA kA kAraNa samajhate hue AtmahatyA kA rAstA bhI apanA letI haiN| yaha eka bahuta bar3I trAsadI hai| samaya rahate isa viSaya meM samAja saceta nahIM huA to mAnava jAti apane lie bahuta bar3A saMkaTa khar3A kara legii| prakRti kA saMtulana jaba bhI gar3abar3AtA hai, koI na koI bar3A saMkaTa jarUra khar3A hotA hai| Azcarya yaha hai ki samAja ke ciMtanazIla loga bhI isa ora dhyAna nahIM de rahe haiN| yaha unakI artavyathA kA citraNa hai| samAdhAna svarUpa hRdaya parivartana pravidhi kA vyApaka prazikSaNa sujhAyA aura usake prayoga krvaayeN| ahiMsA yAtrA ke adhizAstA ne garIba se garIba tabake ke logoM se lekara rAjanIti meM sakriya vyaktiyoM se sAmUhika evaM vyaktizaH saMparka sAdhA aura unakI samasyAoM kA ucita samAdhAna kiyaa| unake dvArA nirdiSTa saMtulita vikAsa kA catuSkoNa-Arthika, bhautika, naitika aura AdhyAtmika, ahiMsaka samAja nirmANa meM yogabhUta bana sakatA hai| kriyAnvayana hetu AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA artha zAstrI, samAjazAstrI, manovaijJAnika, zikSAzAstrI, vaijJAnika, dharmaguru saba eka sAtha maMca para baiThakara arthavyavasthA kA nayA prArUpa prastuta kareM jisase vartamAna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna saMbhava ho ske| samAja saMbaMdhI aneka pahaluoM para ahiMsA yAtrA meM ciMtana-manana aura samAdhAna sUtra khoje gyeN| yadyapi bIsavIM zatAbdI meM eka nae samAja kI racanA kA prakalpa bahuta prakharatA se sAmane aayaa| samAjavAdI samAja-racanA, ahiMsaka-samAja-racanA, svastha-samAja-racanA Adi aneka racanA-vidhiyoM kA siddhAMta sAmane AtA rhaa| para koI bhI naI samAja-racanA AkAra nahIM le skii| kAraNa mastiSkIya racanA kI jaTilatA hai| usameM socane kA prakoSTha alaga hai aura ciMtana ko kriyA meM badalane kA prakoSTha alaga hai| jJAnAtmaka aura kriyAtmaka donoM prakoSThoM meM sAmaMjasya kie binA nae samAja kI racanA ke svapna ko AkAra nahIM diyA jA sktaa| nae samAja kI racanA athavA ahiMsaka-samAja kI racanA kevala padArtha parivartana, kevala vyavasthAparivartana ke AdhAra para nahIM kI jA sktii| usake lie yaugalika yuga kI cetanA apekSita hai| usa cetanA ke setu hai * AtmAnuzAsana kI cetanA . svAvalambana kI cetanA * saMgrahamukta cetanA * zAsana mukta cetanA . sambandha mukta cetanA * vaira mukta cetanA . rogAtaMkamukta cetanA * upazAMta rAga-dveSa kI cetanA mahAprajJa kA mAnanA thA ki kisI bhI ekAMgI dRSTikoNa para ahiMsaka samAja kI racanA nahIM kI jA sktii| kevala hRdaya parivartana ekAMtavAdI dRSTikoNa hai| kevala daMDazakti bhI ekAMtavAdI dRSTikoNa hai| hRdaya-parivartana aura daMDazakti-donoM ke saMtulita yoga ke AdhAra para ahiMsaka samAja kI racanA kI jA sakatI hai| yaha anekAMtavAdI dRSTikoNa hai| yathArtha ke dharAtala para jaba samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kA utthAna hogA, AdhyAtmika tattvoM kA samAja vyavasthA meM samAveza hogA aura vyakti 246 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vyakti kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa hogA tabhI samatApUrNa, zoSaNamukta samAja kI racanA saMbhava bneNgii| isI AdhAra para ahiMsaka samAja kA vAstavika nirmANa ho sakegA aura vahI lokatantra kI svasthatA ke lie varadAna siddha hogaa| surakSAtmaka pahalU ahiMsaka samAja ke surakSAtmaka pahalU para prakAza DAlate hue gAMdhI ne kahA-ahiMsaka samAja meM pulisa Aja kI pulisa se bilkula hI bhinna prakAra kI hogii| usameM ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAloM kI bharatI hogii| ve logoM ke sevaka hoMge, saradAra nhiiN| loga unakI sahAyatA kareMge aura ve dina pratidina kama hote jAne vAle upadravoM kA saralatA se samAdhAna kara skeNge| pulisa ke pAsa kucha zastra to hoMge, para unakA upayoga zAyada hI kabhI hogaa| vAstava meM dekhA jAya, to isa pulisa ko sudhAraka ke rUpa meM samajhanA caahie| aisI pulisa kA upayoga mukhyatayA cora-DAkuoM para niyaMtraNa rakhane ke lie hI hogaa| ahiMsaka zAsana meM majadUra-mAlikoM kA jhagar3A kvacit hI hogaa| har3atAleM zAyada hI hoNgii| kyoMki ahiMsaka bahumata kI pratiSThA svabhAvataH itanI hogI ki samAja ke Avazyaka aMga isa zAsana kA Adara karane vAle hoNge| sAmpradAyika jhagar3e bhI isa zAsana meM nahIM hone caahie| ahiMsaka samAja kA yaha surakSApakSa pracalita surakSA-vyavasthA se sarvathA navIna hai| isameM prazAsana kI jarUrata hI kabhI kabhAra hogI kyoMki isa samAja meM parasparatA, bhAI-cAre ke sAtha jIne vAle loga hoNge| grAma svarAjya ke zAsana bala ke viSaya meM gAMdhI ne likhA 'ahiMsA kI-arthAt satyAgraha aura asahayoga kI sattA hI grAma-samAja kA zAsana bala hogaa| gA~va kI rakSA ke lie grAma-sainikoM kA eka aisA dala rahegA, jise lAjamI taura para bArI-bArI se gA~va ke caukI-pahare kA kAma karanA hogaa| ...grAma svarAjya meM Aja ke pracalita arthoM meM sajA yA daMDa kA koI rivAja nahIM rhegaa| grAma sabhA svayaM hI gA~va kI dhArA-sabhA aura nyAya sabhA hogI, usake dvArA cunI huI paMcAyata gA~va kI kAryakAriNI hogii|' yaha grAma surakSA kI sugama prakriyA hai| isameM pratyeka vyakti ko AtmAnuzAsana jagAne kA avakAza rhegaa| gA~va kI surakSA meM grAmINa svayaM caukIdAra hoMge, paharedAra hoMge to adhika sajagatA se gA~va kI rakSA hogii| surakSA vyavasthA ke utkRSTa udAharaNa ke rUpa meM gAMdhI ne rAmarAjya vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| rAmarAjya svarAjya kA Adarza hai| isakA artha hai dharma kA rAjya, nyAya aura prema kA rAjya, ahiMsaka svarAjya yA janatA kA svraaj| rAma rAjya meM eka ora athAha sampatti aura dUsarI ora karuNA-janaka phAkekazI nahIM ho sakatI; usameM koI bhUkhA marane vAlA nahIM ho sakatA; usa rAjya kA AdhAra pazubala na hogA, balki logoM ke prema aura samajha-bUjhakara binA Dare diye hue sahayoga para vaha avalaMbita rhegaa| rAma rAjya kA artha hai kama-se-kama raajy| usameM loga apanA bahuta kucha vyavahAra paraspara milakara apane Apa claayeNge| kAnUna gar3ha-gar3hakara adhikAriyoM ke dvArA daMDa ke bhaya se unakA pAlana karAnA usameM lagabhaga nahIM hogaa| usameM sudhAra karane ke lie janatA dhArAsabhA yA adhikAriyoM kI rAha dekhatI baiThI na rhegii| balki logoM ke calAye sudhAroM ke anukUla par3ane vAle kAnUna meM sudhAra karane ke lie vyavasthApikA sabhAeM aura vyavasthA karane ke lie adhikArI yatna kreNge| usameM saba dharma, saba varNa aura saba varga samAna bhAva se mila-julakara raheMge aura dhArmika jhagar3eM yA kSudra spardhA, athavA virodhI-svArtha sarIkhI ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa / 247

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cIja hI na hogI / usa rAjya meM strI kA pada puruSa ke samAna hI honA caahie| yaha eka hI deza yA janatA ke lie nahIM balki sArI duniyA ke uttama rAjya kA Adarza hai| yadi eka jagaha bhI vaha siddha ho jAya to phira usakI chUta sArI duniyA meM phaila jAnI cAhiye / yaha sthiti Ane para bhinnabhinna rAjyoM meM jhagar3e kA kAraNa hI na rahegA arthAt yuddha jaisI cIja hI na raha skegii| sAre matabheda, virodha, jhagar3e ahiMsaka hI nipaTA kreNge| 43 isa prakAra kI uttama vyavasthA hI gA~va ke vikAsa meM yogabhUta bana sakatI hai aura ahiMsaka vyavasthA kA gaurava pA sakatI hai| kyoMki isameM daMDa, tAr3anA ke lie nahIM vyakti kA hRdaya badalane ke lie diyA jAyegA / ahiMsaka samAja ke svapna ko sAkAra banAne kI prakriyA meM zAMti senA kA gaThana gAMdhI kI ahiMsaka soca kA prAyogika upakrama thA / daMgA-phasAda-azAMta vAtAvaraNa ko ahiMsaka rIti se niyaMtrita karane meM zAMti senA kI bhUmikA mahatvapUrNa hai usakA sainika jisa AsthA aura lagana se ahiMsAtmaka kAravAI karane ke lie saMkalpabaddha hotA hai usake pariNAma sakArAtmaka nikalate haiM / racanAtmaka kAryoM ke saMpAdana meM zAMti senA kI bhUmikA ahiMsaka samAja ko sAkAra karane meM yogabhUta banatI hai| hiMsA ke pratikAra, sAmAjika nyAya ke utthAna aura mAnava ke amana-caina hetu ahiMsaka samAja kI surakSA-vyavasthA ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kA abhimata hai ki vyavasthA kA svarUpa niyantraNa hai| usameM sthiti ke samIkaraNa kI kSamatA hai| isalie vyavasthA ke pariNAma se ahiMsA ko nahIM AMkanA caahie| usakI saphalatA jIvana kI pavitratA meM nihita hai / svatantratA kI rakSA ahiMsA se ho sakatI hai| hiMsA yA daNDa-zakti kI mAyA jitanI bar3hatI hai, utanI hI paratantratA bar3hatI hai| 14 ahiMsaka samAja vyavasthA meM AtmA kI pavitratA kA lakSya pramukha rahe ora daNDa - zakti kA prayoga kama-se-kama kiyA jAye tAki pratyeka vyakti kI svataMtratA sAmAjika dharAtala para surakSita raha sake / kyA ahiMsaka samAja surakSA ke lie pulisa aura senA para nirbhara hogA yA use unakI apekSA nahIM hogI ? isa saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa ne kahA ahiMsaka samAja kI sthApanA hone para AMtarika mAmaloM meM senA ke hastakSepa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hogI aura pulisa kI AvazyakatA bhI kama-se-kama hogii| ahiMsaka samAja meM aNuvrata kA yaha vrata anivAryataH pAlanIya hogA- 'maiM kisI para AkramaNa nahIM karU~gA aura Akramaka nIti kA samarthana bhI nahIM karU~gA / ' ahiMsaka samAja meM senA AkrAmaNakArI nahIM hogii| usakA kAma kevala apanI sImA kI surakSA karanA hI hogaa| 145 kathana meM gAMdhI ke maMtavya kI pratidhvani hai| samyak vyavasthA kA nipAta sAmAjika samRddhi kA paricAyaka hai / jisa samAja meM ucita vyavasthAmaryAdA kA abhAva hotA hai vaha ucchRMkhala samAja hotA hai / vahA~ aneka taraha ke amAnuSika vyavahAra panapate haiM pariNAmataH logoM kI zAMti bhaMga hotI jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA sAmAjika, naitika utthAna kA mArga avaruddha ho jAtA hai / isa viSaya meM AcArya mahAprajJa kA maulika ciMtana rahA hai ki 'ahiMsaka samAja meM bhautika vyavasthAoM ke samIkaraNa ke sAtha Antarika parivartana kI AdhyAtmika prakriyA samanvita hogI, isalie vaha zAsana mukti kI ora satata gatizIla hogii|' sacce ahiMsaka samAja ke sadasya AtmAnuzAsana se bhAvita hoNge| una para bAhya niyantraNa kI apekSA svataH simaTatI jAyegI / AcArya mahAprajJa ne isa bAta kI samIkSA bhI kI ki zAsanamukta samAja kI racanA meM sabase bar3I bAdhA hai vyakti kI saMgraha-parAyaNa mnovRtti| manISiyoM ke surakSAtmaka vyavasthA pakSa meM samAnatA aura vaiziSTya kA saMgama hai| gAMdhI ne bAhya vyavasthA pakSa kA citraNa kiyA vahIM 248 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mahAprajJa ne vyavasthA ke sAtha hRdaya parivartana ko bhI anivArya btlaayaa| unakI dRSTi meM AMtarika parivartana se surakSA evaM vyavasthA pakSa sugama banatA jaayegaa| samagra ciMtana ke Aloka meM dekhA jAye to yaha najara AyegA ki gAMdhI ne samAjika cetanA ke sAtha advaita sAdhakara usake pariSkAra, nirmANa kA tAnA-bAnA bunA thaa| gAMdhI ke ahiMsaka samAja kI parikalpanA meM aneka vicAroM kI sphuraNA najara AtI hai jisameM pramukha hai-sarvodaya samAja, antyodayavicAra, grAma-svarAja, rAma-rAjya, samAjavAda aadi| sabhI kA lakSya ahiMsA pradhAna Adarza samAja kA nirmANa karanA thaa| unakI kalpanA kA ahiMsaka samAja hiMsA ke daura se jUjhate mAnava samAja kA preraNA pradIpa banakara patha-prazasta kara sakatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke ahiMsaka samAja prArUpa ko samagra dRSTi se dekheM to usameM sAmayika saccAI kA samAkalana hai| vartamAna kI pramukha AvazyakatA hai-ahiNsaa| jisa samAja meM hiMsA hI hiMsA hai, usa samAja meM na roTI-pAnI kI samyak vyavasthA hotI hai aura na zikSA aura cikitsA kii| ahiMsA hai to anya vyavasthAeM bhI samIcIna hoNgii| ahiMsA aura hiMsA donoM ke upAdAna vyakti ke bhItara vidyamAna hai| ahiMsA kA vikAsa karanA hai to hiMsA kI cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa Avazyaka hai| jaba cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa hotA hai, asaMbhava lagane vAlA kArya bhI saMbhava lagane laga jAtA hai| tabhI ahiMsaka samAja, svastha samAja aura saMskArakSama samAja kA Adarza AkAra letA hai| samAhAra ke taura para dekhA jAye to manISI dvaya ne ahiMsaka samAja ke saMbaMdha meM jo vicAra rakhe haiM unameM samAnatA aura navInatA kI yuti hai| gAMdhI ne jahAM vyavasthA pakSa ke parivartana para bala diyA vahIM mahAprajJa ne vyavasthA ke sAtha vyakti parivartana para bhI bala diyaa| unakA yaha maMtavya rahA ki jaba taka vyakti kI cetanA nahIM badalegI samAja kA DhA~cA badala nahIM sktaa| ataH vyavasthA aura vyakti donoM kA sAtha-sAtha parivartana hogA tabhI ahiMsaka samAja kA sapanA sAkAra ho sakatA hai| apekSA hai manISiyoM ke vicAroM ko saMyukta rUpa se yathArtha ke dharAtala para kriyAnvita kiyA jAe tAki ahiMsaka samAja racanA kA sapanA sAkAra bana ske| ahiMsaka samAja : eka prArUpa | 249

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ahiMsA kA rASTrIya - antarrASTrIya svarUpa ahiMsA ke Adarza para vinirmita athavA anucArI rAjya vizva ke nakse kA sarvAdhika zaktizAlI rASTra hogA / usakI zakti kisI bhautika vikAsa para nahIM ahiMsA kI sUkSma adhyAtma zakti se anuprANita hogii| bhAratIya saMdarbha meM ahiMsA kA anubaMdha sanAtana hai / kAla ke Aroha-avaroha meM isakI sthitiyA~ bhale hI badalatI rahIM para Adarza kA sarvathA lopa nahIM huaa| gAMdhI ne parataMtra bhArata kI mukti kA rAja ahiMsA ke sanAtana siddhAMta meM jhAMkA aura rASTra kI janatA ko isa ora gatimAna kiyaa| unhoMne isameM na kevala bhArata kI apitu pUrI duniyA ke kSema-kuzala kI daivika kalpanA kI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ahiMsA meM rASTra vikAsa ko AMkate hai / ubhaya manISiyoM ne rASTra ke nirmANa, vikAsa aura khuzahAlI hetu ahiMsA ko aparihArya mAnA hai / gAMdhI ke lie ahiMsA na kevala sAdhya thI apitu AjAdI kI sAdhanA kA anivArya aMga bnii| bhAratIya AjAdI kI prakriyA meM vibhinna AyAma ahiMsA pradhAna athavA nikhAlasa ahiMsA ke Adarza para saMcAlita the / rAjya svarUpa 1 gAMdhI kI rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya soca rAjya vyavasthA svataH sphUrta hai| unakA rASTra saMbaMdhI ciMtana mAnava prema se jur3A huA thA / ve kahA karate maiM dezapremI hUM, kyoMki maiM mAnava-premI huuN| merA dezaprema varjanazIla nahIM hai|.......deshpremii kI jIvana nIti kisI kula yA kabIle ke adhipati kI jIvana-nIti se bhinna nahIM hai / aura yadi koI dezapremI utanA hI ugra mAnava-premI nahIM hai, to kahanA cAhiye ki usake deza-prema meM utanI nyUnatA hai / vaiyaktika AcaraNa aura rAjanItika AcaraNa meM koI virodha nahIM hai; sadAcAra kA niyama donoM ko lAgU hotA hai / " spaSTa rUpa se gAMdhI kA rASTrIya ciMtana mAnavaprema kI dhurI para TikA thA / ataH unakA rAjanaitika vicAra vizva rAjanIti ko prabhAvita karane vAlA hI nahIM use upakRta karane vAlA bhI thA / svarAjya ke saMbaMdha meM unhoMne jitanA vistRta ullekha kiyA utanA ahiMsaka rAjya ke saMbaMdha meM upalabdha nahIM hai| saMbhava hai vartamAna kI rAjya vyavasthA se gAMdhI kA ciMtana viziSTa rahA ho ? para AMzika vicAra jo rAjya saMbaMdhI upalabdha hai usakA citraNa prAsaMgika hogaa| gAMdhI se prazna kiyA gayA 'ahiMsA dvArA rAjya saMcAlana kaise kiyA jAya ?' unhoMne kahA - 'yaha prazna pUchate samaya Apa eka bAta, ahiMsaka svarAjya kI prApti ko svIkAra kara lete haiM / yaha samajha meM AtA hai kyA ? yadi hamane sacamuca ahiMsaka mArga se svarAjya prApta kiyA hogA to hamameM se adhikatara loga ahiMsaka bana cuke hoMge aura hamAre 250 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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deza kA saMgaThana ahiMsaka tarIke se huA hogaa| yadi hamane svarAjya prApta karane yogya ahiMsaka taiyArI kI hogI to use ahiMsaka tarIke se saMbhAlane meM hameM kaThinAI nahIM honI caahie| ahiMsaka svarAjya koI AkAza se to utarA nahIM hogaa| use pAne ke lie hameM bahumata se logoM kA sAtha milA hogaa| aise rAjya kA artha huA ki guNDe bhI hamAre aMkuza meM Aye hoNge| udAharaNa ke lie sevAgrAma kI sAta sau AbAdI meM pA~ca-sAta guNDe ho aura bAkI saba logoM ko ahiMsaka tAlima milI ho to isa sthiti meM guNDe bAkI logoM kA aMkuza svIkAra kareMge yA chor3akara bhAga jaayeNge| 17 spaSTa taura para aise rAjya ke adhikAMza loga ahiMsA kI AsthA se yukta hoMge taba gine-cune binA AsthA vAle logoM ke hiMsaka kAranAmeM cala nahIM paayeNge| ___ maulika ciMtana ke AdhAra para ahiMsaka rAjya ke AMtarika svarUpa kA ullekha kiyA gayA 'ahiMsaka rAjya meM to bahuta kama cora-DAkU hoMge, aisA mAna lenA caahie| vyakti ke lie yahI samajhA jAya ki use aparigrahI banakara rahanA hai| jahA~ parigraha kI pakaDa gaharI hotI hai vahA~ use haDapane vAloM kA jamAvar3A svataH hotA hai para, jahA~ parigraha hI nahIM vahA~ amAnavIya tattvoM ko phalane-phUlane kA maukA nahIM mila paataa| kyoMki ahiMsaka rAjya ke nAgarika naitika-sAmAjika niyamoM ke sAtha AtmaniyaMtraNa kI cetanA se bhAvita hoNge| aise loga saMgraha kI bhAvanA se mukta mAtra anivArya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti meM AtmatoSa kI anubhUti kreNge| yaha svataH phalita hai ki jahAM saMgraha nahIM vahA~ vigraha bhI nhiiN| majabUtI ke sAtha kahate ki 'ahiMsAtmaka rAjya adhika samajhadAra janatA kI marjI ke anusAra kAma karane vAlA honA caahie|' arthAt ahiMsaka rAjya meM janatA kI bhAvanAoM kA Adara hogA usakI upekSA nahIM kI jaayegii| ka rAjya vyavasthA kI saMbhAvanA para prakAza DAlate hue gAMdhI ne kahA-'merA vizvAsa hai ki yadi janatA kA bahusaMkhyaka bhAga ahiMsAtmaka ho, to rAjya kA zAsana kArya ahiMsA ke AdhAra para calAyA jA sakatA hai| jahAM taka maiM jAnatA hUM, bhArata meM hI aisA rAjya ho sakane kI sambhAvanA hai| isI vizvAsa ke AdhAra para maiM apanA prayoga calA rahA huuN| isalie yadi yaha mAna liyA jAya ki bhArata vizuddha ahiMsA ke dvArA svataMtratA prApta kara letA hai, to unhIM sAdhanoM se vaha usakI rakSA bhI kara sakatA hai|'118 isake pIche unakA ciMtana thA ki deza meM aise svayaM-sevakoM ke maMDala hoMge jinake jIvana kA mukhya kArya hI janatA kI sevA karanA aura usake lie apanA balidAna kara denA hogaa| ye aise dala na hoMge jo kevala lar3AI lar3anA hI jAnate hoM balki prajA ko tAlIma dene vAle aura yavasthA. vyavahAra aura sakha-savidhA kI samhAla rakhane vAle dala hoNge| deza para koI vipatti Ane para pahalA vAra ve apane Upara leNge| svarAjya meM agara deza kI senA se janatA ko khuda hI bhayabhIta rahanA par3e aura usI para sainikoM kI goliyAM cale to vaha svarAjya yA rAmarAjya nahIM balki zaitAna kA rAjya hogaa|.....desh kA sipAhI prajA kA mitra ho. prajA kI Apatti ke samaya usake lie prANa dene vAlA ho to vaha kSatriya hai| yadi vaha prajA ko DarAne vAlA aura zarIra yA zastra ke bala se use pIr3ita karane vAlA ho to vaha luTerA hogaa| yaha surakSAtmaka pakSa unakI ahiMsAtmaka cetanA kA pratibimba hai| bApU ko bhAratIya pariveza meM hI kucha aisA RSi-prasAda najara AyA jisake AdhAra para ve rAjya-vyavasthA taka kA vicAra ahiMsA para buna ske| unakA ciMtana vyavahAra ke dharAtala para thA, ativAda para nhiiN| unhoMne mAnA ki ahiMsaka rAjya ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa / 251

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meM bhI pulisa kI AvazyakatA hogii| lekina isa ahiMsaka rAjya meM pulisa aise vyakti hoMge jo ahiMsA meM pUrNa AsthA rakhate hoN| ve janatA ke sevaka hoMge, mAlika nhiiN| janatA aura pulisa paraspara sahayoga se zAnti-vyavasthA kAyama rkheNge| pulisa ke pAsa jo hathiyAra hoMge unakA prayoga kisI atyadhika asAdhAraNa sthiti meM hI kiyA jA skegaa| pulisa zArIrika zakti kA prayoga kama-se-kama karegI sivAya aise avasaroM ko chor3akara jahA~ anivArya ho, jaise koI pAgala khUna karane para AmaudA hokara daur3a rahA ho| ahiMsaka rAjya vyavasthA ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kA ciMtana yathArtha ko udghATita karane vAlA hai| unhoMne isa saccAI kI ora dhyAna kendrita kiyA ki aparAdha nirodha athavA sudhAra ke lie samAjazAstra, mAnava zAstra, daNDa zAstra, vidhi zAstra Adi-Adi para dhyAna kendrita hotA hai, kintu adhyAtmazAstra aura yogazAstra kI vismRti banI rahatI hai| phalataH bAhya upacAra hotA rahatA hai| bhItarI zalya taka nahIM jAyA jaataa|......ydi daMDa-saMhitA ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika zikSA kA prayoga kiyA jAye to aparAdha kI mAtrA meM kamI A sakatI hai| 50 vRtti pariSkAra ke dvArA samAdhAna kI prakriyA sugama bana jAtI hai| lokataMtra aura ahiMsA ahiMsA eka sArvabhauma pratyaya hai jisakA saMdarbha virAT hai| yaha kevala vyakti athavA sAmAjika jIvana ko hI prabhAvita nahIM karatI isakA saMdarbha aMtarrASTrIya kSitija taka jur3A huA hai| vibhinna rASTroM kI unnati kA ahiMsA AdhArabhUta tattva hai| kisI bhI rASTra ko unnati ke rAste para jAnA ho to use satya aura ahiMsA kA Azraya lenA caahie|' yaha mArga gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM niSkaMTaka hai| prayoga kI bhUmikA para yaha bhale hI kaThina ho para rASTra kA vikAsa isa prakriyA se hotA hai vaha maulika hai| lokatantra praNAlI ko ahiMsA-satya kI bhUmikA para sahI AkAra mile| rASTrIya saMdarbha meM gAMdhI ne kahA- 'maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki ahiMsA ko rASTrIya paimAne para svIkRta kiye binA vaidhAnika yA lokatantrIya zAsana jaisI koI cIja nahIM ho sktii| isIlie maiM apanI zakti ko isa bAta kA pratipAdana karane meM lagatA hU~ ki ahiMsA hamAre vyaktigata, sAmAjika, rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya jIvana kA niyama hai| maiM samajhatA hUM ki maiMne prakAza dekha liyA hai, yadyapi vaha kucha dhuMdhale rUpa meM hI hai|151 lokatantrIya zAsana kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsA kI mahanIya bhUmikA svIkAra kii| unakI yaha ghanIbhUta AsthA thI ki sacce lokataMtra kA DhAMcA ahiMsA ke Adarza para hI khar3A kiyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne kahA lokataMtra aura hiMsA kA mela nahIM baiTha sktaa| jo rAjya Aja nAmamAtra ke lie lokataMtrAtmaka haiM unheM yA to spaSTa rUpa se tAnAzAhI kA hAmI ho jAnA cAhiye, yA agara unheM sacamuca lokataMtrAtmaka bananA hai to unheM sAhasa ke sAtha ahiMsaka bana jAnA caahiye| yaha kahanA bilakala avicAraparNa hai ki ahiMsA kA pAlana kevala vyakti hI kara sakate haiM. aura rASTa-jo vyaktiyoM se hI banate haiM-haragija nhiiN| 52 jAhira hai ve lokataMtra ko ahiMsA kI nIMva para khar3A karanA cAhate the| isa abhimata kI sakArAtmaka puSTi AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAroM meM jhalakatI hai| unhoMne lokataMtra kI rASTrIya praNAlI ke Adarza ko iMgita karate hue likhA 'hiMsA kI bar3hatI pravRtti aura lokataMtra meM virodhAbhAsa hai| lokataMtra ho aura naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa na ho, yaha sambhava nhiiN| lokataMtra ho aura prAmANikatA tathA dAyitvabodha na ho, yaha sambhava nhiiN| lokataMtra ho aura ahiMsAtmaka pratirodha kI zakti na ho, yaha sambhava nhiiN|' isase aMdAjA lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki mahAprajJa ke lokataMtra 252 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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saMbaMdhI vicAra kitane unnata haiN| ve lokataMtra kI rakSA ke lie kitane sajaga the| hiMsA kI bar3hatI pravRttiyoM ke niyaMtraNa kA spaSTa AhvAna hai| naitika mUlyoM ke vikAsa kA avakAza hai| unakA yaha mAnanA thA ki sacce lokataMtra meM ahiMsAtmaka pratirodha kI zakti honI hI caahiye| ____ mahAprajJa ne likhA-hindustAna lokataMtrIya samAja-vyavasthA kA saMkalpa lie cala rahA hai| lokataMtra kA AdhAra hai janamata kA sammAna aura samAjavAdI vyavasthA kA AdhAra hai sAmAjika nyaay| inakI saMpUrti ke lie Arthika saMtulana aura takanIkI vikAsa jitanA Avazyaka hai, utanA hI Avazyaka hai naitika yA cAritrika vikaas| maMtavya meM ahiMsA pratiSThA kI anugUMja hai| lokataMtra kI agalI bhUmikA para zAMti-taMtra kI kalpanA kii| mahAprajJa kA kathana hai-hama rAjataMtra se lokataMtra taka pahuMce haiN| isa vijaya-yAtrA kA mUlya kama nahIM hai| isase agalI yAtrA zAMtitaMtra kI honI caahiye| lokataMtra meM jo zAsaka Ate haiM unameM ahiMsA ke prati AsthA honA jarUrI nahIM hai| yadyapi lokataMtra aura ahiMsA meM nikaTa kA saMbaMdha hai phira bhI lokataMtrIya zAsana ko bhI tAnAzAhI ke Asa-pAsa pahuMcA diyA hai| zAMti-taMtra kI praNAlI lokataMtra se bhinna nahIM hogii| kintu usakA zAsaka ahiMsA meM AsthA rakhane vAlA ho-yaha anivArya zarta honI hogii| aba rAjanItika praNAlI kA prayANa lokataMtra se zAMtitaMtra kI dizA meM honA caahie|153 lokataMtra kI vikAsa yAtrA zAMtitaMtra meM pratiSThita ho yaha unakI udAtta ahiMsA bhAvanA kA pratIka hai| ve lokataMtra kI mUla AdhAra zilA cunAva praNAlI kI svastha prakriyA ko mahattvapUrNa mAnate the| cunAva kI praNAlI lokataMtra ke maulika svarUpa kA abhinna aMga hai| isameM Aja hiMsA ke bIja phUTane lage haiN| prakriyA kA svarUpa vidrUpa banane jA rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM lokataMtra kI praNAlI jisa AdhAra para TikI hai usake prati bhI mahAprajJa kA ciMtana rhaa| 'lokataMtra kI gAr3I cunAva kI paTarI para calatI hai|......cunaav kI prakriyA ko badalane kA prayatna karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| use badalane ke lie apekSita hai prshikssnn| 15 kathana ke Aloka meM svastha rASTrIya cetanA ke nirmANa kI pRSThabhUmi ko AMkA jA sakatA hai| vizeSa rUpa se matadAtA kI cetanA ko jAgRta karate hue batAyA 'sahI cayana-rASTra kA sahI nirmANa hai|' Apake amUlya voTa kA adhikArI kauna? 'jo ImAnadAra ho, jo caritravAna ho, jo sevAbhAvI ho, jo kArya nipuNa ho, jo nazAmukta ho, jo svaccha chaviyukta ho, jo lokahita ko sarvopari mAnatA ho, jo jAti-sampradAya se baMdhA huA na ho|' isa saMdarbha meM pratyAsI evaM matadAtA aNuvrata ke niyama vizeSarUpa se mananIya hai| lokataMtra praNAlI ko svastha banAne vAlI prakriyA hai cunAva zuddhi abhiyaan| apekSA hai isake vyApaka paimAne para anuzIla kii| ahiMsA kA rASTrIya saMdarbha ahiMsA kI zakti meM gAMdhI kI aTUTa AsthA thii| isake sahAre hI unhoMne bhArata kI AjAdI ko Avazyaka maanaa| ve kahate 'ahiMsA se bar3I zakti manuSya jAti ko mAlUma nahIM hai| isakI zakti yA prabhAvazIlatA meM merA vizvAsa aTala hai aura usI bhA~ti merA yaha vizvAsa bhI acala hai ki kevala ahiMsA ke jariye svatantra hone kI zakti hindustAna meM hai| bhagavAn na kareM hindustAna ko ahiMsA kA pUrA pATha par3hane ke pahale khUnI lar3AI lar3anI pdd'e| Aja kI vyavasthA to mahaja eka ujalA kaphana hai, jisake nIce kevala hiMsA-hI-hiMsA chipI huI hai|' yaha unakI asIma ahiMsA-AsthA kA nidarzana hai| vizeSa rUpa se ve hindustAna kI janatA ko ahiMsA kA zikSaNa dekara hI, usa zakti ke sahAre ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa | 253

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svataMtra banAne kI AkAMkSA rakhate the| unhoMne yaha svIkArA ki mujha meM itanI zakti nahIM hai ki maiM sAre deza ko ahiMsAmaya kara sakU~, isalie maiM ahiMsA kA pracAra deza kI svatantratA pAne aura usake dvArA antarrASTrIya saMbaMdha sthApita karane ke lie hI karatA hU~ / kintu merI kamajorI se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki maiM ahiMsA ke pUrNa gaurava ko nahIM dekhatA huuN| merA hRdaya usakA anubhava karatA hai kintu mujha meM abhI vaha kSamatA nahIM hai jisase pUrNa rUpa se ahiMsA kI zikSA de sakU~ / apanI apUrNatA ke sAtha hI sAmUhika taura para ahiMsA ke apUrNa svarUpa kI ora samaya-samaya para gAMdhI janatA kA dhyAna AkRSTa karate rahe / unakA janatA se AhvAna thA ki hamArI ahiMsA cAhe balavAna ahiMsA na ho, para sacce logoM kI ahiMsA jarUra honI cAhiye / yadi hama ahiMsA -parAyaNa hone kA dAvA karate haiM to jaba taka aisA dAvA kareM taba taka aMgreja athavA sahayogI bhAiyoM ko hAni pahu~cAne kA irAdA taka hameM nahIM karanA cAhiye / parantu hamAre adhikAMza logoM ne unakA nukasAna jarUra cAhA hai aura hama aisA karane se isalie ruka rahe haiM ki hama kamajora haiM yA isa galata khayAla se ki kevala zArIrika hAni na pahu~cAne se hI hamAre ahiMsAvrata kA pAlana ho jAtA hai| hamArI ahiMsA kI pratijJA meM to bhaviSya meM pratihiMsA karane kI sambhAvanA raha nahIM paatii| 155 yaha isa satya ko ujAgara karatA hai ki AjAdI ke lie utAvalI janatA ko bhI gAMdhI ahiMsA kI nIti se vicalita nahIM dekhanA cAhate the| balki bAra-bAra ahiMsA ke mArga para calane ko prerita karate rahate / gAMdhI samajhAte hamArA rASTrIya dhyeya ahiMsA kA hai| magara mana aura vacana se to hama mAno hiMsA kI hI taiyArI karate haiM / jJAna aura zakti kA bhAna hote hue bhI talavAra - tyAga karane meM hI saccI ahiMsA hai| unakA yaha pakkA vizvAsa thA jo vyakti aura rASTra ahiMsA kA avalambana karanA cAhe, unheM Atma sammAna ke atirikta apanA sarvasva ga~vAne ke liye taiyAra rahanA cAhiye isIlie vaha dUsaroM ke mUlyoM ko har3apane arthAt Adhunika sAmrAjyavAda se, jo ki apanI rakSA ke liye pazubala para nirbhara rahatA hai bilkula mela nahIM khA sakatA / vicAroM kI pariNati ke lie unhoMne cAhA ki koI aisA dala saMgaThita karanA cAhiye jo mana-vacana-karma se ahiMsA ke liye pratijJAbaddha ho aura unakI aisI zikSaNa kI vyavasthA honI cAhiye jisameM hara taraha ke upayoga ke lie ve taiyAra rheN| unhoMne yaha svIkArA kI duniyA meM hamArI kAMgresa hI eka aisI saMsthA hai jisane mere kahane para svarAjya prApti ke liye vizuddha ahiMsA ko apanAyA hai / vaha usakI ekamAtra zakti hai / maiM yaha kahane kA sAhasa karatA hU~ ki agara hamArI ahiMsA vaisI na huI jaisI ki vaha honI cAhiye to rASTra ko usase bar3A nukasAna phuNcegaa| kyoMki usakI AkhirI kI tapiza meM hama bahAdura ke bajAya kAyara sAbita hoMge 1 aura AjAdI ke liye lar3ane vAloM ke liye kAyaratA se bar3I koI beijjatI nahIM hai / 156 yaha ahiMsA kI avikala AsthA kA pratIka hai| racanAtmaka kAryakrama AjAdI kI pRSThabhUmi meM deza kI janatA ko racanAtmaka kAryakrama se jor3akara gAMdhI bhAratIya janatA kI manovaijJAnika DhaMga se ahiMsaka cetanA jagAne meM satat prayatnazIla rahe / usa prayatna kA eka mukhya pahalU Arthika nirbharatA bhI thA / isake lie unhoMne khAdI aura carakhe ke mahattva ko samajhAyA / janatA meM khAdI kI bhAvanA ko jAgRta kiyA aura batAyA ki 'khAdI bhAvanA kA artha hai, pRthvI tala ke mAnavamAtra ke sAtha mitra bhAva / usakA artha hai aisI hara cIja kA tyAga, jisase hamAre sahajIvI prANiyoM 254 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ko hAni pahu~cane kI saMbhAvanA ho| yadi yaha bhAvanA hama apane karor3oM bhAiyoM meM utpanna kara sakeM, to hamArA yaha deza kyA se kyA ho sakatA hai| jyoM-jyoM isa deza meM maiM ghUmatA hU~ aura usakA darzana karatA hU~, tyoM-tyoM carakhe kI zakti meM merI zraddhA bar3hatI aura adhikAdhika dRr3ha hotI jAtI hai|' khAdI ke isa sUkSma artha ko samajhAne meM unhoMne apanI Atma-zakti ko niyojita kiyA aura isake hArda ko smjhaayaa| khAdIvatti kA artha hai jIvana ke lie jarUrI cIjoM kI utpatti aura unake ba~TavAre kA vikendrIkaraNa / isalie aba taka jo siddhAnta banA hai vaha yaha hai ki hara eka gA~va ko apanI jarUrata kI saba cIjeM khuda paidA kara lenI cAhie aura zaharoM kI jarUrateM pUrI karane ke lie kucha adhika utpatti karanI caahiye|......khaadii ke utpAdana meM ye kAma zAmila haiM-kapAsa bonA, kapAsa cunanA, use jhADa-jhaTaka kara sApha karanA aura oTanA, rUI pIjanA, pUnI bananA, sUta kAtanA, sUta ko mAMr3a lagAnA, sUta raMganA, usakA tAnA bharanA aura bAnA taiyAra karanA, sUta bunanA aura kapar3A dhonaa| apanI antara pIr3A ko zabdoM meM batAyA ki jana sAdhAraNa kI svataMtratA jaisI bhI vaha thI, carakhe ke khAtme ke sAtha hI khatma huii| carakhA grAma vAsiyoM ke lie khetI kA pUraka dhaMdhA thA aura khetI kI isa se pratiSThA thii| vidhavAoM kA yaha bandhu aura sahArA thaa| grAmavAsiyoM ko vaha kAhilI se bhI bacAtA thA, kyoMki isameM kapAsa se rUI va binauloM ko alaga-alaga karanA, rUI kI dhunAI, katAI, maMDAI, raMgAI, bunAI Adi agale-pichale sabhI udyoga zAmila the| gA~va ke bar3haI va lohAra bhI isake kAraNa kAma meM lage rahate the| carakhe ke jAne se dhAnI ke tela nikAlane jaise anya grAmINa udyoga bhI naSTa ho gyeN|'58 gAMdhI kI najaroM meM carakhA vyApArika yuddha kI nahIM, vyApArika zAnti kI nizAnI hai| usakA saMdeza saMsAra ke rASTroM ke lie durbhAva kA nahIM, parantu sadbhAva kA aura svAvalambana kA hai| use saMsAra kI zAMti ke lie khatarA banane vAlI yA usake sAdhanoM kA zoSaNa karane vAlI kisI janasenA ke saMrakSaNa kI jarUrata nahIM hogI; parantu use jarUrata hogI aise lAkhoM logoM ke dhArmika nizcaya kI, jo apane-apane gharoM meM usI taraha sUta kAta leM jaise Aja ve apane-apane gharoM meM bhojana banA lete haiN| gAMdhI ne yaha bhI kahA- 'maiMne karane ke kAma na karake aura na karane ke kAma karake aisI aneka bhUleM kI haiM, jinake lie maiM bhAvI saMtAnoM ke zApa kA bhAjana bana sakatA huuN| magara mujhe vizvAsa hai ki carakhe kA punaruddhAra sujhAkara to maiM unake AzIrvAda kA hI adhikArI banA huuN| maiMne usa para sArI bAjI lagA dI hai, kyoMki carakhe ke hara tAra meM zAnti, sadbhAva aura prema kI bhAvanA bharI hai| aura cU~ki carakhe ko chor3a dene se hindustAna gulAma banA hai, isalie carakhe ke saba phalitArthoM ke sAtha usake svecchApUrNa punaruddhAra kA artha hogA hindustAna kI svtNtrtaa|' katAI ke pakSa meM nimna dAveM prastuta kiye gayeM jina logoM ko phurasata hai aura jinheM thor3e paisoM kI jarUrata hai, unheM isase AsAnI se rojagAra mila jAtA hai; isakA hajAroM ko jJAna hai; yaha AsAnI se sIkhI jAtI hai| . isameM kucha bhI pUMjI lagAne kI jarUrata nahIM hotI; . carakhA AsAnI se aura saste dAmoM meM taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM se adhikAMza ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa / 255

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ko yaha mAlUma nahIM hai ki katAI eka ThIkarI aura bAMsa kI khapaccI se yAnI takalI para bhI kI jA sakatI hai| . logoM ko isameM aruci nahIM hai| . isase akAla ke samaya tAtkAlika rAhata mila jAtI hai; . videzI kapar3A kharIdane se bhArata kA jo dhana bAhara calA jA rahA hai, use yahIM roka sakatI hai; . isase karor3oM rupayoM kI jo bacata hotI hai, vaha apane-Apa supAtra garIboM meM baMTa jAtI . isakI choTI se choTI saphalatA se bhI logoM ko bahuta kucha tAtkAlika lAbha hotA hai; . logoM meM sahayoga paidA karane kA yaha atyaMta prabala sAdhana hai| 59 Arthika evaM grAmINa sthitiyoM kA samyaka AMkalana karate hue unhoMne carakhe ke punaruddhAra kA svara bulaMda kiyaa| 'hindustAna svayaM hI eka zoSita deza hai isalie gA~va vAloM ko agara Atma nirbhara banAnA hai to sabase svAbhAvika bAta yahI ho sakatI hai ki carakhe aura usase saMbaMdhita saba cIjoM kA punaruddhAra kiyA jaay| unakA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki carakhe ke zAnta kintu nizcita aura jIvanaprada 'rivolyUzana' kI taraha hI isase zAnta aura nizcita krAnti hotI hai|.....crkhe ke bIsa barasa ke anubhava ne mujhe isa bAta kA vizvAsa diyA hai ki maiMne usake pakSa meM jo dalIleM dI hai vaha bilkula sahI hai|' deza kI janatA ko avagata kiyA ki yuddha ke dvArA cAhe hameM aMgrejI zAsana kI jagaha dUsarA zAsana mila jAya, para Atma-zAsana nhiiN| dehAtiyoM kI sevA karane ke hI uddezya se dehAta meM praveza karanA-dUsare zabdoM meM janatA ke andara rASTrIya caitanya aura jAgRti utpanna karanA jarUrI hai| vaha koI jAdUgara ke Ama kI taraha acAnaka nahIM Tapaka pdd'egaa| vaha to vaTa-vRkSa kI taraha prAyaH bemAlUma bddh'egaa| khUnI krAMti kabhI camatkAra nahIM dikhA sktii| isa mAmale meM jaldI macAnA niHsaMdeha barabAdI karanA hai| carakhe kI krAMti hI, jahAM taka kalpanA daur3atI hai sabase druta krAMti hai| gAMdhI ne carakhe kI krAMti aura pratiSThA meM hindustAna kI AjAdI ke ahiMsaka svarUpa ko dekhA aura pUre manoyoga se pracAra-prasAra bhI kiyaa| pUrNa svarAjya prApta karane kA saccA aura ahiMsaka mArga racanAtmaka kAryakrama hai| hiMsaka aura asatyamaya sAdhanoM dvArA svAdhInatA ke nirmANa kA atyanta duHkhada paricaya hama pA hI cuke haiN| vartamAna mahAyaddha (dvitIya vizva yaddha) meM dhana. jana aura satya kA nitya hI jo nAza ho rahA hai. vaha hamAre sAmane hai| 'satya aura ahiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM dvArA prApta pUrNa svarAjya kA artha hai jAti-pA~ti, raMga athavA dharma ke bheda-bhAva binA rASTra ke hareka samUha kI cAhe vaha choTe-se-choTe athavA garIba se garIba hI kyoM na ho-svAdhInatA banI rhegii| racanAtmaka kAryakrama ke dvArA gAMdhI deza meM AjAdI kI lahara paidA karanA cAhate the| unhoMne nimna racanAtmaka kAryakrama prastuta kiye sAmpradAyika (kaumI) ekatA, aspRzyatA nivAraNa, khAdI, sAre grAmodyoga, gAMvoM kI saphAI, naI athavA buniyAdI zikSA, praur3ha zikSA (bar3oM kI tAlIma), striyAM (mahilA jAgRti), svAsthya aura saphAI kI zikSA, prAntIya bhASAyeM, rASTra bhASA, Arthika samAnatA, kisAna, majadUra, vidyArthiyoM ke lie kaarykrm| inako vyavahAra ke dharAtala para aMjAma dene meM satyAgraha kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rhii| AjAdI ke mizana ko gAMdhI ne ahiMsA kI mazAla se sadaiva prajjvalita rakhane kA prayatna kiyaa| janatA ko ahiMsA para DaTe rahane ke lie AhvAna karate rhe| unakA AtmIya nivedana hindustAnI 256 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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janatA se thA 'agara hindustAna jagat ko ahiMsA kA saMdeza na de sakA to tabAhI Aja yA kala AnevAlI hai aura kala ke badale Aja isake Ane kI sambhAvanA adhika hai| jagat yuddha zApa se bacanA cAhatA hai, para kaise bace isakA use patA nahIM calatA vaha kAma hindustAna ke hAtha meM hai|' isake pIche unakA mAnasika saMkalpa thA ki hindustAna ko apanI sanAtana saMskRti ke anurUpa pazcima ko ahiMsA dharma sikhAnA hai| hindustAna kA jo artha gAMdhI ne kiyA vaha Ama dhAraNA se sarvathA bhinna hai| unake anusAra 'hindustAna araba sAgara, hinda mahAsAgara aura baMgAla ke samudra se ghirA tathA himAlaya kA mukuTa pahinane vAlA hindustAna hI nahIM hai hindustAna kA artha hai sadiyoM se ahiMsAsiddhAMta kA ucca ghoSa aura upadeza karane vAlA desh| isalie ahiMsA ke binA usake uddhAra kI kalpanA mujhe ho hI nahIM sktii|161 ve hindustAna kI khoI huI kIrti ahiMsA dvArA hI punaH pAne kA svapna saMjo rahe the| unhoMne itihAsa ke pRSThoM ko phira se svarNAkita karane kA bIr3A utthaayaa| cU~ki bhArata duniyA kA dharmaguru kahalAne kA gaurava bIte yuga meM pA cukA thaa| vaha samaya punaH lauTa AyA jaba gAMdhI bhArata kI punaH kIrti adhyAtma ke sanAtana mUlya 'ahiMsA' para hI phailAnA cAhate the| AjAdI ke abhiyAna meM ahiMsA kA prayoga cala rahA thA isa bAta kI unheM AMzika prasannatA thii| para, ve isa viSayaka kamajorI se bhI vAkipha the ataH usa saccAI kI ora janatA kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA-'yaha bhI saca hai ki abhI taka hindustAna ne balavAnoM kI usa ahiMsA kA paricaya nahIM diyA hai, jisake dvArA prabala phaujI hamaloM kA mukAbalA kiyA jA ske|' ahiMsaka zakti kA Atma-vizleSaNa jisa saralatA se kiyA gayA vaha unake svaccha hRdaya kA pratibimba hai| dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki talavAra ke bala para zAMti sthApita nahIM kI jA sktii| apane vizvAsa ko jana cetanA meM pratiSThita karane kI AkAMkSA se unhoMne kahA 'maiM apane vizvAsa para sabase adhika jora yahI kahakara de sakatA hU~ ki yadi mere deza ko hiMsA ke dvArA svatantratA milanA saMbhava ho to maiM svayaM use hiMsA ke dvArA prApta na kruuNgaa| 'talavAra se jo milatA hai vaha talavAra se hara liyA jAtA hai'-isa buddhimAna ke kathana meM merA vizvAsa kabhI naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| yaha tathyataH lAgU hotA hai ki 'talavAra ke jora se yadi koI AdamI kucha le letA hai to usase dUsarI talavAra se vaha chIna liyA jAtA hai|' gAMdhI isa saccAI se vAkipha the ki saccI ahiMsA kA eka kaNa bhI reDiyama dhAtu se bhI kaI guNA adhika zaktizAlI hotA hai| ataH ahiMsaka hathiyAroM se AjAdI kI lar3AI lar3ane vAle rASTra ko koI parAjita banA nahIM sktaa| apanI AsthA ko abhivyakti dI 'ahiMsA se lar3ane vAle rASTra ajeya haiM, kyoMki unakI zakti bandUkoM aura mazInaganoM para nirbhara nahIM hai|' yaha bAta alaga hai ki ahiMsaka zakti ko deza kI janatA ne kitanA sAdhA aura prakhara banAyA hai| yaha Atma vizleSaNa kA viSaya hai| bhArata ke viSaya meM unake spaSTa udgAra the 'yadi bhArata talavAra ke siddhAMta ko apanAtA hai, to sambhava hai ki vaha kSaNika vijaya pA le| kintu usa dazA meM vaha mere lie utanA gauravAspada na rhegaa| maiM bhArata ko isalie cAhatA hU~ ki merA saba kucha usI ke kAraNa hai| merA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki saMsAra ke lie usakA apanA eka mizana hai, saMdeza hai| use andhe kI taraha yUropa kI nakala nahIM karanI hai| bhArata ke dvArA talavAra kA svIkAra merI kasauTI kI ghar3I hogii| maiM AzA karatA hU~ ki usa kasauTI para meM kharA utruuNgaa| merA dharma bhaugolika sImAoM se pare hai| yadi mujha meM usake prati jvalaMta zraddhA evaM vizvAsa hai, to vaha mere bhArata prema para bhI vijaya pA legaa|162 yaha virATa ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa / 257

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deza prema kA pratIka hai| unakA prema mAtra bhArata bhUmi se nahIM apitu bhArata ke ucca AdazoM se thaa| ataH usa Adarza ke AdhAra para hI ve bhArata kI AjAdI kA sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhate the| isa saccAI ko bhI samaya-samaya para svIkArA ki ahiMsA kI pragati jaisI hamArI honI cAhie vaisI aba taka nahIM ho pAI hai| unhoMne kahA bhI-'maiM jAnatA hU~ ki ahiMsA kI pragati jAhira taura para bahuta dhImI pragati hai| lekina anubhava ne hameM batalAyA hai ki hamAre sammilita lakSya kA yahI sabase nizcita mArga hai| lar3AI aura zastrAstra se na to bhArata ko mukti mila sakatI hai, na saMsAra ko| hiMsA to nyAya prApti ke lie bhI niSphala sAbita ho cukI hai| apane isa vizvAsa ke sAtha ahiMsA meM pUrI zraddhA rakhane meM agara koI merA sAthI na ho, to maiM akelA hI isa patha para calane ke lie bhI taiyAra huuN|' yaha isa bAta kA sabUta hai ki gAMdhI kA ahiMsA-prema akhaMDa thaa| unhoMne na kevala bhArata kI apitu duniyA kI mukti kA rAja isameM pAyA aura prastuta kiyaa| bhArata kI AjAdI ke liye jisa ahiMsA zakti kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA thA usakA pariNAma itanA AsAna nahIM jitanA AsAna samajhA jAtA thaa| itanA asaMbhava bhI nahIM jisakI kalpanA bhI na kI jA ske| gAMdhI ne isa cunautI bhare saMgharSa ke viSaya meM kahA-jina adhinAyakoM kA ahiMsA meM koI vizvAsa nahIM hai unakI bhUkha zAMta karane ke lie hajAroM nahIM to saikar3oM ke balidAna kI AvazyakatA to hogI hI, yaha maiM kalpanA kara sakatA huuN| bar3I-se-bar3I hiMsA ke sAmane bhI ahiMsA apanI amogha zakti dikhAtI hai| yaha ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA kA saccA satra hai| aise hI prasaMgoM para usake guNa kI asala kasauTI hotI hai| 63 kathana kasauTI para kharA utarA aura aneka logoM ke ahiMsaka balidAna ne bhArata ke nAma AjAdI kA Alekha likhaa| jahA~ taka rASTrIya surakSA kA prazna hai, isa saMbaMdha meM gAMdhI kA abhimata rahA jIvana meM Adarza kI pUrI siddhi kabhI nahIM hotii| isalie 'thoro' ne kahA hai ki 'jo sabase kama zAsana kare vahI uttama sarakAra hai| isa vyavasthA kA anumodana karate hue unhoMne ahiMsaka rAjya vyavasthA ke samyaka saMcAlana meM vidhi-vidhAna evaM daMDa kA sthAna gauNa rakhakara mukhya sthAna sevA kA rkhaa| gAMdhI ke sAmane eka bAra prazna upasthita kiyA gayA-Apa bAhya AkramaNa kA sAmanA ahiMsaka nIti se kisa prakAra kareMge, yaha samajhAie? spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-maiM isakA citra pUrI taraha Apake sAmane nahIM khIMca skuuNgaa| kyoMki hamAre sAmane na to isa cIja kA anubhava hai, na yaha khtraa| aura phira Aja to sikha, gurakhoM kI sarakArI senA khar3I hI hai| merI kalpanA to yaha hai ki maiM apanI hajAra yA do hajAra kI senA donoM lar3atI huI phaujoM ke bIca khar3I kara duuNgaa| aisA karake maiM anya koI pariNAma na bhI prApta kara sakU~ phira bhI zatru kI hiMsA kA jahara to kama kara duuNgaa|" ___ahiMsaka zikSA pAne vAloM ke rakSA-saMbaMdhI dAyitva para prakAza DAlate hue gAMdhI ne kahA-'jina logoM ne ahiMsA kI paddhati se zikSA pAI haiM, unake dvArA ahiMsAtmaka mukAbalA kiyA jaayegaa| ve nihatthe hI Age Akara AkramaNakArI kI topoM ke AhAra bneNge| yaha ahiMsaka-zakti dvAra kA nayA kIrtimAna hogA jise kabhI miTAyA nahIM jA skegaa| yaha upakrama asAmAjika tattva phailAne vAloM ke bhItara bhI parivartana kI naI cetanA kA saMcAra karane vAlA siddha hogaa| gAMdhI vasIyata gAMdhI ke hRdaya meM svarAjya kI jo vAstavika kalpanA thI use ve apanI mRtyu ke pUrva apanI vasIyata 258 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ke taura para svarAjya kI eka rUpa-rekhA bhI taiyAra kii| prastuta saMdarbha meM usako uddhRta karanA prAsaMgika hogaa| unhoMne likhA : mere sapanoM kA svarAjya to garIboM kA svarAjya hogaa| jIvana kI jina AvazyakatAoM kA upayoga rAjA aura amIra loga karate haiM, vahI unheM (garIba) bhI sulabha honI cAhie, isameM pharka ke lie sthAna nahIM ho sktaa| mujhe isa bAta meM bilkula saMdeha nahIM hai ki hamArA svarAjya taba taka pUrNa svarAjya nahIM hogA, jaba taka garIboM ko ye sArI suvidhAeM dene kI pUrI vyavasthA nahIM ho jaatii| mere sapanoM ke svarAjya meM jAti yA dharma ke bhedoM kA koI sthAna nahIM ho sktaa| usa para zikSitoM yA dhanavAnoM kA ekAdhipatya nahIM hogaa| vaha svarAjya sabake lie, sabake kalyANa ke lie hogaa| sabakI ginatI meM kisAna to Ate hI haiM, kintu lUle, laMgar3e, aMdhe aura bhUkha se marane vA lAkhoM karor3oM mehanatakaza majadUra bhI avazya Ate haiN| unakA yaha bhI kahanA thA ahiMsA para AdhRta svarAjya meM logoM ko apane adhikAroM kA jJAna na ho to koI bAta nahIM, lekina unheM apane kartavyoM kA jJAna avazya honA caahie| hara eka kartavya ke sAtha usakI taula kA adhikAra jaDA haA hotA hai aura sacce adhikAra to ve hI haiM jo apane kartavyoM kA yogya pAlana karake prApta kiye gaye hoN| adhikAroM kA saccA srota kartavya hai| agara hama saba apane kartavyoM kA pAlana kareM, to adhikAroM ko khojane bahuta dUra nahIM jAnA pdd'egaa| agara apane kartavyoM kA pAlana kiye binA hama adhikAroM ke pIche daur3ate haiM, to ve hama se dUra hote jaayeNge|165 yaha eka dastAvez2a hai gAMdhI ke sapanoM ke svarAjya kA, jisako AkAra denA aba bhI bAkI hai| rASTrIya saMdarbha meM gAMdhI ke maulika aura vistRta vicAroM kA pravAha dekhane ko milatA hai vahIM AcArya mahAprajJa ke rASTrIya vicAroM kI saMkSipta para mahattvapUrNa jhalaka dekhI jA sakatI hai| usameM mAnavatA ke trANa kI spaSTa AkAMkSA hai| unake ciMtana meM vyakti nirmANa kA adbhuta darzana hai usake AdhAra para rASTra nirmANa kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| unake ciMtana meM rASTrIya ekatA kA AdhAra nyAya aura samatA ke AdhAra para nirmita rASTra kA saMvidhAna hI bana sakatA hai| jAti aura sampradAya ke AdhAra para vibhakta manovRtti vAlA rASTra jisa hiMsaka sthiti se gujaratA hai, usakA eka udAharaNa bosniyA hai| isase bhinna ahiMsaka cetanA rASTrIya ekatA ke vikAsa meM yogabhUta banatI hai| usake mahattvapUrNa mUlya haiM 1. zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva 2. bhautika aura Arthika vikAsa 3. AtaMkavAda se vimukti66 ina mUlyoM ke AdhAra para ahiMsaka rASTra kI kalpanA AsAnI se kI jA sakatI hai| jahA~ rASTrIya ekatA hogI vahA~ ina mUlyoM kA vikAsa hogA, jahA~ ye mUlya vikasita hoMge vahA~ ahiMsA kI bhUmikA svataH svIkRta hogii| mahAprajJa ne batAyA zAMtipUrNa jIvana aura zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva, jisakI Aja pUre vizva meM carcA hai| saha-astitva kA siddhAMta vizva zAMti kI samasyA kA bahuta bar3A samAdhAna hai| yaha ahiMsA kA prANabhUta siddhAMta hai| isa kathana meM bhI koI atiraMjanA nahIM lagatI ki saha-astitva ke binA ahiMsA saphala nahIM, ahiMsA ke binA saha-astitva nhiiN| saha-astitva aura ahiMsA donoM ko bA~TA nahIM jA sktaa| isakI vyApakatA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba sahiSNutA, akiMcanyAdi guNoM kA vyakti ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa | 259

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vyakti meM vikAsa ho to eka naye vizva kI kalpanA, jisameM zAMti hogI, sahiSNutA hogI, sAmaMjasya hogA, saMbhava ho skegii|168 __mahAprajJa kA virAT ciMtana bhAratIya sImAoM meM baMdhA huA nahIM thaa| duniyA ke kisI bhI rASTra ne ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kadama bar3hAyA usakA anumodana kiyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa kahA-hiMsA, AkramaNa, zastra-ye sAre nazvara taMtra haiN| ye kabhI sthAyI nahIM raha skte| hameM sAdhuvAda denA cAhie gorbAcyova ko, jinhoMne saMsAra ke sAmane ahiMsA kA prathama upanyAsa likhaa| itanA suMdara upanyAsa koI lekhaka nahIM likha sktaa| ahiMsA ke isa upanyAsa kA lekhana koI dhArmika AdamI bhI nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki sArI zakti unake hAtha meM hai jinake hAtha meM hiMsA kI zakti hai, ve ahiMsA kI bAta soceM taba kucha saMbhava ho sakatA hai| .......yaha isa yuga kI vizeSatA mAnanI cAhie-isa duniyA meM kucha aise loga paidA hue haiM, jo ahiMsA kI dizA meM socane lage haiN| yaha sabase bar3A Azcarya hai-jisa rASTra ne yaha mAnA-sAdhya kI pUrti ke lie cAhe jaisA AlaMbana liyA jA sakatA hai, usa rASTra meM ahiMsA kA svara prakhara huA hai| sAmyavAda kA siddhAMta rahA-yadi sAdhya ThIka hai to usakI pUrti ke lie hiMsA para vicAra karanA koI jarUrI nahIM hai| yaha AsthA jisa rASTra meM thI, usakA svara badalA hai, vaha ahiMsA kI bhASA meM socane lagA hai| yaha kama Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| mahAprajJa kA yaha uddharaNa ahiMsA ke anamodana kA pratIka sase yaha bhI ujAgara hotA hai ki daniyA kA koI bhI rASTra athavA usakA adhikArI zAMti kI dizA meM kadama bar3hAtA to mahAprajJa apanI sImA meM usakA akana avazya krte| yaha unakA a ahiMsA prema hI thA jo unheM ahiMsA kI pragati para praphphulita bnaataa| zAMti kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai ahiNsaa| isakA vikAsa pratyeka rASTra kara sakatA hai| tathya kI avagati dete hue mahAprajJa ne sujhAyA- 'jo rASTra paraspara yuddha karate haiM ve hI rASTra yuddha ke bAda paraspara anAkramaNa saMdhiyAM karate haiN| yuddha ke binA bhI anAkramaNa kI saMdhiyA hotI haiM, isalie ki samAja zAMti meM raha ske| zAMti kA AdhAra hai anAkramaNa aura abhaya kI bhAvanA kA vikaas| 189 yaha rASTrIya zAMti kA maMtra hai| jo rASTa zAMtikAmI haiM unheM binA kisI saMgharSa ke sAmAjika, rASTrIya zAMti ko prazasta banAnA hogA aisA ghaTita hone para rASTra meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa svataH ghaTita hogaa| antarrASTrIya saMdarbha gAMdhI kI ahiMsaka soca kevala vyakti, samAja aura rASTrIya saMdarbha meM sImita na rahakara antarrASTrIya kSetra kA vistAra pA cukI thii| unhoMne kahA-ahiMsA sAdhana hai aura lakSya hara eka rASTra ke lie pUrNa svAdhInatA hai| antarrASTrIya saMgha tabhI hogA jabaki usameM zAmila hone vAle bar3e-choTe rASTra pUrI taraha svAdhIna hoN| jo rASTra ahiMsA ko jitanA hRdayaMgama karegA vaha utanA hI svAdhIna hogaa| eka bAta nizcita hai, ahiMsA para AdhAra rakhane vAle samAja meM choTe-se-choTe rASTra bhI bar3e-se-bar3e rASTra ke samAna hI rhegaa| bar3appana aura choTepana kA bhAva bilkula nahIM rhegaa|.....ahiNsaa ko kevala nIti ke bajAya eka jIvita zakti arthAt aTUTa dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra na kara liyA jAya, taba taka mujha jaisoM ke lie, jo ahiMsA ke hAmI haiM, vaidhAnika yA lokataMtrIya zAsana eka dUra kA svapna hogaa| jaba ki maiM vizva meM bhI ahiMsA kA hAmI hUM, merA prayoga hindustAna taka hI sImita hai| yaha vicAra unake virAT ahiMsA bhAva ko dyotita karatA hai| ve jo ahiMsA kA prayoga bhArata ke saMdarbha meM kara 260 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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rahe the usako vistAra dene kI cAha rakhate the / unhoMne kahA 'merA vizvAsa hai ki - vizva saMgha kI racanA kevala ahiMsA kI buniyAda para hI khar3I kI jA sakatI hai; aura aisA karane ke lie hiMsA kA pUrI taraha tyAga karanA hogaa|' spaSTa taura para vizva saMgha kI kalpanA ko AkAra dene meM ahiMsA kI ahama bhUmikA ko svIkAra kiyaa| unakI kalpanA jaise rASTrIya stara para ahiMsA kI thI vaisI hI vaizvika saMdarbha meM thI / AcArya mahAprajJa ne vizva vyavasthA meM ahiMsA kI carcA karane se pUrva rASTrIya janatA kA dhyAna vartamAna sthiti kI ora AkarSita karate hue kahA - 'mahAvIra, buddha aura gAMdhI ke deza ne ahiMsA ko bhulAyA hai| gAMdhI ke samaya aisA lagatA thA - hindustAna ahiMsA ke kSetra meM vizva kA netRtva karegA / vizvazAMti aura niHzastrIkaraNa uccAraNa kA purodhA banA rhegaa| paMDita javAharalAla neharU ne vizva paTala para paMcazIla prastuta kie| vizvazAMti kI naI kiraNa ne janma liyA / para kyA vartamAna paristhiti meM unakI mukhara vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai?' isake sAtha hI pUrI duniyA kA dhyAna anAkramaNaniHzastrIkaraNa kI ora khIMcate hue kahA - yaha saccAI hai ki antarrASTrIya tanAva aura zastrIkaraNa ne mAnava samAja ko kucha socane ke lie vivaza kiyA hai| isa vivazatA se jo sva-vazatA nikalI hai, vaha sunahale bhaviSya kA saMketa hai| 19 navambara 1990 meM jo ahiMsA kA abhilekha likhA gayA, vaha isa yuga ke itihAsa kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai / nATo aura vArasA saMdhi para cauMtIsa dezoM ke rASTrAdhyakSoM ne yugAntakArI niHzastrIkaraNa saMdhI para hastAkSara kara zItayuddha ko aMtima vidAI de dI / " yaha upakrama sacamuca mAnavatA ke zAMti patha ko prazasta banAne evaM ahiMsA ko nayA AyAma dene vAlA siddha hogA / Arthika viSamatA ke calate ahiMsA kA vikAsa bAdhita hai| saMyukta rASTra kI bhUmikA adhika sakriya bane to vaizvika samasyA ko samAdhAna kA nayA rUpa mila sakatA hai| isa viSaya meM mahAprajJa kA kahanA thA ki Aja saMsAdhanoM para niyaMtraNa apane-apane rASTra kA hai| agara peTrola araba dezoM ke pAsa hai to usa para unakA niyaMtraNa hai / agara sAre khanija amerikA meM haiM, to una para usakA niyaMtraNa hai / saMyukta rASTra saMgha kI aba taka jo bhUmikA rahI hai, vaha kevala zAMti aura sAmaMjasya biThAne kI bhUmikA rahI hai| agara saMyukta rASTra saMgha jaisI saMsthA ko jAgatika arthanIti kI bhUmikA bhAne ke lie protsAhita kiyA jAye aura vaha niyaMtraNa kara sake to vartamAna kI samasyA ko samAdhAna mila sakatA hai| 182 kathana se yaha aMdAja lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya mahAprajJa vaizvika stara para bhI samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu kisa kadara apanA maulika ciMtana rakhate the / zAMti kI vyApaka pratiSThA AcArya mahAprajJa kA jIvanavrata bniiN| apane karma aura jIvaMta prayatnoM se aMtarrASTrIya kSetra meM zAMti ko prANavAna banAne meM unakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| jisake preraka sphuliMga haiM - jaina bhAratI, lADanUM 1988, 1995 evaM aNuvrata vizva bhAratI-rAjasaMmada 1991 meM, 1998 meM saradArazahara tathA 1999 meM dillI meM samAyojita aMtarASTrIya zAMti sammelana / ina sammelanoM meM aupacArikatAoM se Upara uThakara yathArtha ke dharAtala para Thosa nirNaya liye gaye / kriyAnviti hetu sabhI saMbhAgI saMkalpa baddha baneM / vizvazAMti ke nimitta AhUta aMtarrASTrIya sammelanoM meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA - zAMti priya logoM kA dhyAna isa ora kendrita kiyA ki Aja ahiMsA kA koI zaktizAlI maMca nahIM hai / ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle loga bikhare hue haiM / unameM na koI samparka hai aura na ekatva kA bhAva hai / paraspara virodhI vicAra vAle rASTroM ne saMyuktarASTra saMgha ko eka maMca banA liyaa| vahA~ baiThakara ve ahiMsA kA rASTrIya antarrASTrIya svarUpa / 261

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milate haiM aura samasyA kA samAdhAna khojate haiN| para ahiMsA meM AsthA rakhane vAle na kabhI milate, na kabhI bAtacIta karate aura na kabhI samasyA kA sAmUhika samAdhAna khojte| kAMphresa meM eka naI dizA udghATita huii| eka aisA vizva vyApI ahiMsA maMca-'ahiMsA sArvabhauma' kI rUparekhA ujAgara huI, vahA~ baiThakara hiMsA kI vibhinna samasyAoM para sAmUhika ciMtana kiyA jA sake aura hiMsaka ghaTanAoM kI samApti ke lie nirNaya lie jA skeN| vizvazAMti ke lie unhoMne ahiMsA kA trisUtrI kAryakrama prastuta kiyA * ahiMsA sArvabhauma maMca . ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa . vyApaka rUpa se samartha zAMtisenA kA nirmaann||83 'aNuvrata aura vizvazAMti sammelana' meM azAMti ke mUla kAraNoM kI ora dhyAna kendrita karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-vizva kI azAMti kA sabase pahalA aura pramukha kAraNa hai-'hamArI sadoSa evaM truTipUrNa shikssaa-prnnaalii|' isake samAdhAna svarUpa unhoMne jIvana vijJAna zikSA kA upakrama btlaayaa| vikAsa kI avadhAraNA, paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa evaM vANI ke asaMyama ko bhI ve azAMti ke kAraNa mAnate the| ina kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa aNuvrata ke udghoSa 'saMyamaH khalu jIvanam'-saMyama hI jIvana hai, meM khojA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne prabuddha varga kA dhyAna isa ora kendrita kiyA ki bahuta sArI samasyAoM kA eka pramukha kAraNa hai-saMvedanazIlatA kA abhaav| asaMvedanazIla vyakti samasyAe~ paidA karatA hai| asaMvedanazIlatA ke kAraNa rASTrIya aura aMtarrASTrIya samasyAe~ paidA ho rahI hai| vizvazAMti kI AkAMkSA ke bAvajUda vaha sAkAra nahIM ho pA rahI hai? isa saMdarbha meM mahAprajJa kA maMthana tAjiMdagI cAlU rhaa| unhoMne vizvazAnti ke bAdhaka tattvoM kI eka saMkSipta-saMbhAvita tAlikA prastuta kI * sAmrAjyavAdI manovRtti . bAjAra para prabhutva * jAti kA ahaMkAra * sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA . upabhoga sAmagrI kI viSamatApUrNa vyavasthA aura vitaraNa unakI dRSTi meM mUla kAraNa-vyakti kA apane saMvegoM para niyaMtraNa na honaa| saMvega saMtulana ke vyApaka pracAra aura prayoga para gahana vicAra kiye binA vaijJAnika yuga meM upajI huI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|85 ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle logoM kA dhyAna samasyA ke mUla srota ke pariSkAra kI ora kendrita karate hue batAyA ki 'vyakti kI cetanA kA pariSkAra kie binA vizva zAMti kA sapanA pUrNa nahIM ho sktaa|' vyakti-vyakti kI cetanA ke parivartana hetu 'ahiMsA prazikSaNa' kI maulika pravidhi kA sUtrapAta kara vaizvika stara para zAMti ke patha ko prazasta karane meM mahAprajJa kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| unhoMne vizva zAMti ke AdhArabhUta tathyoM kI carcA kI hai jisakA mukhya bindu hai-vizva zAMti ke lie dhArmika sahiSNutA aura samanvaya anivArya hai| isakI sugama vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI 1. merA dharma satya hai, yaha mAnane kA mujhe adhikAra hai kintu dUsare dharmoM meM satya yA satyAMza nahIM hai, yaha mAnanA ekAMgI dRSTikoNa hai| isa dRSTikoNa ko badalakara hI hama vizva zAMti kI dizA meM prasthAna kara sakate haiN| 262 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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2. mAnava-jAti eka hai phira bhI vyakti ke ahaM ke kAraNa jAtIya unmAda phailatA hai aura saMgharSa kA vAtAvaraNa nirmita kara detA hai| jAti-bheda se manuSya vibhakta hai kintu mAnavatA kI dRSTi se vaha abhinna hai, avibhakta hai| isa anekAMta dRSTi ko apanA kara hI hama vizva zAMti kI dizA meM prasthAna kara sakate haiN| ___3. kisI vyakti aura rASTra ko upabhoga kI sAmagrI bahuta sulabha hai, kisI ke lie durlabha hai| jo garIba hai, jisakI kraya zakti kama hai, use Avazyaka upabhoga sAmagrI bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| vizva kA eka bhAga garIba aura eka bhAga amIra rahe, isa sthiti meM hiMsA, AtaMkavAda aura ugravAda ko panapane kA maukA milatA hai| garIbI kI samasyA kA samAdhAna khojakara hI vizva zAMti kI dizA meM prasthAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| 4. zAsanAdhIza aura dhanAdhIza vyaktiyoM meM yadi saMvedanazIlatA kI kamI hotI hai to hiMsA aura azAMti ko bar3hane kA avasara milatA hai| samartha vyaktiyoM kI saMvedanazIlatA se vizva zAMti kI dizA meM nayA prasthAna ho sakatA hai| upabhoga pratikriyA ko janma detA hai| saMvedanazIlatA ke sAtha hone vAlA saMpadA kA upabhoga samAja ko sRjanAtmaka dRSTikoNa detA hai| 5. virodhI vicAra zAsana praNAlI vAle rASTroM kA saha-astitva ho sakatA hai| virodhI kA sahaastitva-yaha anekAMta kA eka mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta hai| dUsare ke astitva ko svIkAra karate hue vizva zAMti kI dizA meM prasthAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ekAMgI dRSTikoNa vyakti, samAja aura rASTra meM tanAva paidA karatA hai| anekAMta kA dRSTikoNa tanAva se mukti dilAtA hai| tanAva mukta jIvana zailI ke dvArA hI vizva-zAMti kI dizA meM prasthAna kiyA jA sakatA hai|186 maMtavya se spaSTa hai ki AcArya mahAprajJa vizvazAMti ke prabala pakSadhara raheM haiN| jAgatika saMdarbha meM ve vizvazAMti ke prazna ko mahatvapUrNa mAnate the| para unakA kahanA thA jaba taka bhAva jagat kA pariSkAra nahIM hogA, na vyakti kI zAMti saMbhava hai aura na jAgatika yA vizva zAMti saMbhava hai| hameM pariSkAra karanA hogA bhAvajagat kA, jahA~ azAnti kA janma ho rahA hai| 87 ucita prayatna kI ora dizA darzana karake unhoMne vaizvika zAMti kA patha prazasta kiyA hai| rASTrIya-aMtarrASTrIya saMdarbha meM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA hetu ahiMsA prazikSaNa, hRdaya-parivartana, sArvabhauma ahiMsA kA upakrama pradAna kara mAnavatA ko upakRta kiyA hai| vibhinna saMdarbho meM kiyA gayA ahiMsA saMbaMdhI ciMtana manISiyoM ke AdhyAtmika vyaktitva kA paricAyaka hai| jo ahiMsA vaiyaktika sAdhanA kA aMga mAnI jAtI thI use samAja. rASTra aura aMtarrASTrIya saMdarbha meM jor3akara na kevala adhyAtma ko U~cAiyA~ dI apitu mAnavatA ke utthAna kA abhinava pathaprazasta kiyA hai| jo samAja zAstrIya soca ke viSaya the unheM ahiMsA ke Adarza se jor3akara naitika mUlyoM ke vikAsa kA nUtana Alekha likhaa| vibhinna saMdarbho meM kiye gaye ahiMsA ke saMyojana kA eka mAtra uddezya thA sAmAjika, rAjanaitika aura aMtarrASTrIya zoSaNa evaM viSamatAoM kA anta kara eka Adarza vizva vyavasthA kA nirmANa krnaa| usase jur3A huA pratyeka vyakti, samAja aura rASTra vikAsa aura svataMtratA kA anubhava kara sakeM, jisameM pUrNa zAMti ho aura usakA vAMchita udaya-vikAsa ho ske| isa Adarza vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta karanA hI mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa kA dhyeya rahA hai| ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa / 263

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saMdarbha 1. sevAgrAma, 23.9.40 harijana sevaka, 5.10.40 2. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, 12 3. hindI navajIvana, 25.7.29 4. AcArya mahAprajJa, aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi,164 5. DaoN. zrI rAma varmA, bhAratIya rAjanItika vicAraka, 403 6. aNuvrata 1.15.2001, 27 7. muni mohanalAla zArdula, jaina darzana ke paripArzva meM, saM. 1989 8. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, maiM hUM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA, 251 9. yuvAdRSTi, disambara 1998 3-5 10. aNuvrata, 1-30.4 2002, 127 11. sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 52 12. ahiMsA yAtrA kendrIya samiti, ahiMsA yAtrA, janavarI 2002. 15 13. harijana sevaka, 6.7.40 14. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, dharma aura samAja, 274 15. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 79 16. mahAprajJa ne kahA, bhA. 16.6-2007.89 17. mahAprajJa ne kahA, bhA-26.7.2008.16 18. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-2.199 19. AcArya mahAprajJa, kaisI ho ikkIsavIM zatAbdI?, 102. saM-dvitIya-2003 20. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 157-8 21. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA bhAga-4.358 harijana bandhu 31-8-40 22. AcArya mahAprajJa, ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale, 127 23. AcArya mahAprajJa, dharma mujhe kyA degA?, 20 24. ema.ke.gAMdhI, mere satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA. 187 25. AcArya mahAprajJa, sAdhanA aura siddhi, 45 26. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-2.247 27. rAdhAkRSNan, dharma aura samAja, 281 28. sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 4 29. AcArya mahAprajJa, mukta bhoga kI samasyA aura brahamacarya-24 30. ahiMsA tatva darzana, 258-9.62 31. hinda svarAjya, 48 32. AcArya mahAprajJa, dharma ke sUtra, 145 33. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, 21 34. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-3.247 harijana sevaka 28.1.1939 35. AcArya mahAprajJa, puruSottama mahAvIra, 100 36. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, merI dRSTi : merI sRSTi, 132-33 37. yaMga iMDiyA, 7-5-25 38. ahiMsA tattva darzana, 272-73 39. aNuvrata, 1-30.4.2002, 137-8 40. ahiMsA-1,101 264 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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41. haribhAU upAdhyAya, bApU-kathA, 30,156 42. AcArya mahAprajJa, mahAprajJa ne kahA-6.134. mArca, 2006 43. vijJapti, 28.3.2009.7 44. gAMdhIjI, mere sapanoM kA bhArata, pR. 196 45. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4.44,69 46. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16.17.18 47. AcArya mahAprajJa, lokataMtra-nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 122-3 48. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 196-7 49. bApU-kathA, 30-31 50. bI.Ara.nandA, mahAtmA gAMdhI, 276 51. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 200 52. vijJapti, 18-28.8.2002.6 53. AcArya mahAprajJa, mukta bhoga kI samasyA aura brahmacarya, 43 54. AcArya mahAprajJa, mahAprajJa ne kahA-16.15-16 55. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 56 56. vijJapti 24.30 agasta 2008,11-6-12 julAI, 2008,10 57. rAjasthAna patrikA, jodhapura 30 janavarI 2002-7 58. AcArya mahAprajJa, AmaMtraNa Arogya ko, 101-5 59. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA aura zAMti, 120-21 60. AcArya mahAprajJa, mahAprajJa ne kahA-16,79 61. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 125,83 62. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacinha, bhA-1.195 63. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,72 64. mahAprajJa ne kahA-8,15 65. mahAprajJa na kahA-4,84 66. ahiMsA aura zAMti, 139 67. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-4.368-9 68. AcArya mahAprajJa, parivAra ke sAtha kaise rahe?, 5 69. AcArya mahAprajJa, mahAprajJa ne kahA-26,78,104 70. parivAra ke sAtha kaise rahe?, 49-53 71. AcArya mahAprajJa-sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 51 72-74. parivAra ke sAtha kaise rahe?, 143, 149-51, 34-38 75. ahiMsA-1,6 76. ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale, 120. 77. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 25 78. jaina bhAratI, mArca 2003 79. lokataMtra-nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 89-90 80. parivAra ke sAtha kaise rahe?, 75-87 81. mahAprajJa ne kahA-26,87 82. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 80-81 83. ahiMsA-2, 141, 147 84. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, maiM hUM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA, 246. yuvAdRSTi janavarI 1999.5 ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa / 265

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85. AcArya mahAprajJa, sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 5.51 86. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 68 87. zrI nagarAjajI, aNu se pUrNa kI ora, 151 88. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 124 89. muni nathamalajI, jaina darzana ke mUla sUtra, 150-51 90. samAja aura hama, 10 91. ahiMsA bhAga-3,243 92. zrImannArAyaNa, RSi vinobA, 153 93. sAptAhika vijJapti, 30 jUna se 6 julAI, 2002.8 94. AcArya mahAprajJa, mahAprajJa ne kahA-16.108 95. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 170 96. rAjasthAna patrikA, 14-3-2000.5 97. bApU kathA, 144-54 98. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 78 99. siddharAja daDDA, vaikalpika samAja racanA, 32-33 100. jainendra kumAra, akAla puruSa gAMdhI. 229 101. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 76 102. mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, 35 103. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 193-94 104. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 180 karmavAda, 293.296 105. vaikalpika samAja racanA, 15 106. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-4.374 107. bhAratIya rAjanItika vicAraka, 438-39 108. bApU kathA, 191-94 109. AcArya mahAprajJa, astitva aura ahiMsA, 59 110. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4, 180,116.17 111. AcArya mahAprajJa, jaina darzana aura anekAnta, 157-160 112. mahAprajJa ne kahA-26, 64 113. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, mahAvIra kA punarjanma, 293 114. astitva aura ahiMsA, 60-63 115. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,17.18 116. sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 11-12 117. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16,235 118. merI dRSTi : merI sRSTi, 124-125, 136 119. lokatantra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 87-93 120. vijJapti, 22-28 mArca, 2009,7 121. harijana sevaka, 20.7.47 122. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 4 123. jIvana vijJAna : svastha samAja-racanA kA saMkalpa, 106-11 124. muni nathamala, jaina darzana ke mUla sUtra, 149-50 125. vijJapti, 16-22.6.2002.9 126. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 46 266 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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127. mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM dharma nirapekSatA, 89 128. RSi vinobA, 163 129. vaikalpika samAja racanA, 22 130. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 90 131. jaina darzana ke mUla sUtra, 19-20 132. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 71 133. AcArya mahAprajJa, AmaMtraNa Arogya ko, 81-85 134. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 67 135. AmaMtraNa Arogya ko, 99 136. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 172 137. sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 101-2 138. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16,13-9 139. mahAprajJa ne kahA-7,42 140. parivAra ke sAtha kaise rahe, 142 141. AcArya mahAprajJa, yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 48 142. harijana sevaka, 24.8.40 143. gAMdhI vicAra dohana, 64-66 144. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 156 145. lokataMtra-nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 14 146. gAMdhIjI, mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 14 147. harijana bandhu, mUla gujarAtI 31-8-40 148. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-3,316 149. gAMdhI vicAra dohana, 73-74 150. AcArya mahAprajJa, vicAra ko badalanA sIkheM, 146 151. harijana mUla aMgrejI, 11.2.39 152. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 18 153. lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 11 154. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 9-10 155. ahiMsA-1,95,6-7 156. ahiMsA- 2, 194-8 157. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 111-12 158. ahiMsA-3,309. harijana sevaka 13.4.40 159. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 122-23 yaMga iMDiyA, 21-8-28 160. gAMdhI citrAvalI, 105, 111 161. hindI navajIvana, 23.11.24 162. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 4 harijana 4.11.39 163. ahiMsA-3, 286, 270 164. sevAgrAma, 20.8.40 165. bApU-kathA, 203-7 166. mahAvIra kA punarjanma, 284 167. samAja aura hama, 14 168. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,164 ahiMsA kA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya svarUpa / 267

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189. jaina dharma ke mUla sUtra, 15 180. ahiMsA-3,255 181. lokatantra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 102 182. mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, 89 183. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 10-11 184. sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 21 185-186. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 31, 25-26 . 187. svAsthya kI triveNI, 32 268 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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adhyAya-4 ahiMsA : prAyogika svarUpa

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pUrvavRtta ahiMsA kA prAyogika sparUpa manISI dvaya kI anubhava cetanA se jur3e satya kA nidarzana hai| unase pUrva ahiMsAniSTha prayoga mAtra AdhyAtmika utthAna athavA vaiyaktika zuddhi ke lie prayukta kiye jAte the unakA sAmUhika jana-jIvana meM parivartana kI pravidhi ke rUpa meM prayoga mahAtmA gAMdhI va AcArya mahAprajJa kA vizva mAnava ke lie apUrva upahAra hai| ahiMsA ke sanAtana mUlya ko kasauTI para kasakara vyavahAra meM pratiSThita karanA manISiyoM kI ahiMsA niSTha cetanA kA sabUta hai| vaijJAnika yuga meM koI bhI pravidhi tabhI astitvavAn bana sakatI hai jaba use vaijJAnika AdhAra prApta ho| donoM manISiyoM ne ahiMsA ko apane jIvana kI prayogazAlA meM parIkSaNa aura pariNAmoM ko samIkSaNa pUrvaka vyApaka AyAma diyaa| ahiMsA mAtra prANavadha virati hI nahIM hai apitu jIvana parivartana kI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA bhI hai| etad viSayaka manISiyoM dvArA prayukta, pratipAdita prAyogika maMtavyoM kA vimarza caturtha adhyAya meM iSTa hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ke prayoga pakSa ko ahiMsaka AMdolana se jor3akara jana-jana meM jAgRti paidA kii| vizeSa rUpa se deza kI AjAdI ke saMdarbha meM ahiMsA ko phaulAdI hathiyAra ke rUpa meM apanAne kA dRr3ha manobala unakI aTUTa ahiMsaka AsthA kA pramANa hai| apanI AsthA ko asIma banAne kI prakriyA meM ahiMsA ko prAyogika rUpa meM prayuktakara itihAsa ko naI dizA dii| unhoMne yaha sAbita kiyA ki hiMsA ke dAvAnala ko ahiMsA ke amRta kaNoM meM zItala karane kI kSamatA hai| itanA hI nahIM vyakti se rASTra taka ke parivartana kA anaMtabala ahiMsA meM samAyA hai| isa vizvAsa ko bhAratIya AjAdI ke saMdarbha meM gAMdhI ne sAkAra kara dikhaayaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne svataMtra bhArata kI janatA ke naitika cAritrika utthAna hetu ahiMsaka prayoga ko saMskAra parivartana evaM vyaktitva nirmANa kI maulika prakriyA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara ahiMsA ke sanAtana mUlya ko jana-jIvana se jodd'aa| vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM saMvedanazIlatA ke vikAsa ko anivArya batalAte hue vibhinna prayoga sujhaaye| 'savvabhUyappa bhUyassa sammaM bhUyAhi pAsao'-saba jIvoM ko apane tulya smjho| 'Ayatule payAsu'-saba AtmAoM ko apanI Atma tulA se toloN| ityAdi vibhinna anuprekSAoM ke prayoga se vyakti kA dRSTikoNa badalatA hai aura usameM daivika guNoM kA saMcAra hotA hai| jIvana mUlyoM kA prAyogika prazikSaNa zikSA ke sAtha jor3akara mahAprajJa ne parivartana kI prakriyA ko sugama banAyA hai| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM bar3hate hue AtaMkavAda, ugravAda aura hiMsA ke ghinaune kAranAmoM ke calate ahiMsaka upacArAtmaka prayogoM kI mUlyavattA svataH pramANita hai| apekSA hai donoM manISiyoM dvArA nirdiSTa prayogoM kI samanvita prastuti evaM vyApaka samAcaraNa kii| pUrvavRtta / 271

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ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa ahiMsA kA saiddhAMtika svarUpa manISiyoM kI prayogadharmA cetanA kA saMsparza pAkara prANavAn bnaa| prayogabhUmi para ahiMsA kahA~, kaise pratiSThita banI yaha mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| isake manthana svarUpa vibhinna tathya ujAgara hote haiN| una tathyoM ke Aloka meM prAyogika ahiMsA kA eka vyApaka svarUpa hai-ahiMsaka aandoln| ise rAjanaitika pariveza meM pratiSThita karane kA eka mAtra zreya mahAtmA gAMdhI ko hai| jirAlDa harDa ke zabdoM meM 'gAMdhIjI ke prayoga meM sAre jagat ko dilacaspI hai, aura usakA mahattva yugoM taka kAyama rhegaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unhoMne samUha ko lekara yA rASTrIya paimAne para usakA prayoga karane kI koziza kI hai|" kathana kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsaka AMdolana kA spaSTa iMgita parilakSita hai| gAMdhI ne bhAratIya saMskRti ke Adarza rUpa ahiMsaka zakti ko AjAdI ke hathiyAra rUpa meM apanAne kA deza kI janatA se AhvAna kiyaa| unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki jaba yaha zakti samUha cetanA se jur3a jAyegI to isake pariNAma nizcita vAMchita hI hoNge| samUha zakti kA bala manovaijJAnika mAnyatA labdha hai| 'prayogoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki eka cUhA jo vidyuta griDa pAra karane meM asaphala rahatA hai, samUha ke sAtha pahale se bhI adhika vidyut griDa pAra karane meM saphala ho jAtA hai| sAmahika prayatna meM zakti kA visphoTa svAbhAvika hotA hai| isa tathya ke AdhAra para saMgaThita rUpa se janatA kI ahiMsaka cetanA ko gAMdhI ne AjAdI ke AMdolana se jor3akara duniyA ke sAmane saphalatA kI misAla kAyama kii| gAMdhI ne vizva vyApI hiMsaka AndolanoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura unheM samAja parivartana kI dRSTi se nAkAma paayaa| unakI dRSTi meM jo Andolana hiMsA para AdhArita hote haiM usase saccA parivartana nahIM hotaa| sazastra Andolana kI apUrNatA athavA nirarthakatA unake sanmukha thii| ve isa saccAI se avagata the ki hiMsaka AMdolana ko dabA denA, use nirasta karanA kisI bhI sattA pakSa ke lie AsAna hotA hai| yadi krAMtikArI dasa-bIsa goliyA~ calA de yA do cAra aphasaroM ko mAra DAle to sattA pakSa do hajAra baMdUkeM calavA sakatA hai aura hajAroM niraparAdha logoM ko golI se bhUnakara rakha sakatA hai| hiMsA kA yaha daura thamatA nhiiN| kyoMki Ama prajA se sarakAra hamezA kahIM jyAdA zaktizAlI va samartha hotI hai| hiMsaka AMdolana kI yaha kamajorI gAMdhI bhalIbhA~ti jAnate the| isase preraNA lete hue unhoMne kahA '........maiM sazastra Andolana meM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| jisa roga ko dUra karane ke lie isa upacAra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, usake pariNAma se, isakA pariNAma kahIM adhika bhISaNa hotA hai| ye pratizodha tathA krodha ke rUpa haiN| hiMsA kA aMtima pariNAma kabhI sukhada nahIM ho sktaa| jarmanI ke mukAbale 272 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mitra rASTroM ne zastra kA prayoga kiyaa| hama isase uttama (ahiMsA) astra kA prayoga kara sakate haiN| isa vizvAsa aura AsthA ko mUrta rUpa dete hue gAMdhI ne bhArata kI AjAdI kI bhUmikA meM ahiMsaka AMdolana kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| jisakI mukhya dhurA hai-satyAgraha, asahayoga, savinaya avajJA, svadezI aadi| satyAgraha AMdolana ahiMsA kI amiTa AsthA se niSpanna satya kI khoja kA Agraha yathArtha ke dharAtala para satyAgraha khlaayaa| ahiMsA ke sanAtana Adarza para calakara paristhitiyoM se lohA lete hue himAlayavat aDiga bane rahane kA saMkalpa satyAgraha kA apanA darzana hai| gAMdhI kA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki mAnava ke svabhAva meM daivika guNoM kA vAsa hai para use uttama prakriyA se jagAne kI jarUrata hai| yaha vizvAsa hI satyAgraha kI AdhAra zilA hai| unakA mAnanA thA ki satyAgraha se virodhI manaHsthitiyoM evaM paristhitiyoM kA pariSkAra kara anukUla vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA aura satya kI yugapata sAdhanA ke saMkalpa purassara sAmUhika prAyogika karmapakSa kA nAma hai-satyAgraha aaNdoln| ___'satyAgraha' saMskRta ke zabda 'satya' aura 'Agraha' ke yoga se banA hai| satya ke prati Agraha hI satyAgraha hai| satyAgraha kA artha hai, jise hama satya samajhate haiM use maraNaparyanta na chor3anA, satya ke lie takalIpheM uThAne kI taiyArI, dUsaroM ko kaSTa na dene kA saMkalpa kyoMki kaSTa pahu~cAne mAtra se satya kA ullaMghana hotA hai|' virodhI ko pIr3A dekara nahIM, apitu svayaM ko pIr3A (kaSTa) meM DAlakara satya kI rakSA karanA satyAgraha hai| satyAgraha kA tAtparya hai-kisI bhI tyAga ke mUlya para satya aura nyAya para ArUr3ha rahane kI zakti aura saMkalpa kA paigaam| gAMdhI ne ise premabala yA Atmabala bhI kahA hai| sAtha meM yaha bhI batAyA ki satyAgraha aisI talavAra hai, jisake donoM ora dhAra hai| use cAhe jaise kAma meM liyA jA sakatA hai| jo use calAtA hai aura jisa para calAyI jAtI hai, ve donoM sukhI hote haiN| vaha khUna nahIM nikAlatI, lekina usase bhI bar3A pariNAma lA sakatI hai| usake na jaMga laga sakatA hai na curAI jA sakatI hai| isI talavAra se unhoMne AjAdI kI lar3AI lar3ane kA nirNaya liyaa| satyAgraha AMdolana kI saMyojanA kA spaSTa uddezya thA bhAratIya sabhyatA kA sNrkssnn| AdhyAtmika sabhyatA kI surakSA gAMdhI ne isI mUlyAdhArita prayatna meM oNkii| pratyeka manuSya ke sammukha saMkaTa nivAraNa ke lie do bala haiM, eka zastrabala aura dUsarA Atmabala kiMvA styaagrh| yaha buniyAdI taura para eka dhArmika zakti hai| jaba taka hameM AtmA kI akhaNDa aura ajeya zakti meM AsthA nahIM hogI, taba taka hamAre saMgharSa kI saphala pariNati para praznacihana hogaa| para galatI Andolana yA usa zakti kI nahIM hamArI Antarika durbalatA kI rhegii| spaSTa hai unakA eka mAtra uddezya Atmazakti ke bala para deza ko AjAda banAnA thaa| satyAgraha kI mImAMsA meM satyAdi dharmoM kA svayaM pAlana karane kA Agraha aura adharma kA satyAdi sAdhanoM ke dvArA hI virodha iSTa hai| virodha karane meM khAsakara ahiMsA ke bhaMga kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, isalie ahiMsA para jora dekara kahA-'adharma kA ahiMsAmaya sAdhana se virodha, satyAgraha hai|' ahiMsA kI pavitra zakti hI isa AMdolana kA prANa tattva banA jisakA mukhya lakSya thA satya aura prema ke dvArA anyAyI ke hRdaya kA saMsparza kara svayaM usako hI anyAya ke virodha meM khar3A krnaa| sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa satyAgraha ke dvArA ahiMsaka upAyoM se karanA mukhya dhyeya rhaa| satyAgraha kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai-mAnavIya ektaa| sabhI ke bhItara divyatA kA samAna rUpa se ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 273

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nivAsa hai ataH satya-prema kI zakti se virodhI kI isa zakti kA jAgaraNa krnaa| vizeSa rUpa se 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ke Adarza para duniyA kA koI mAnava parAyA hai hI nahIM virodhI bhI apanA hI hai| satyAgraha isI pArivArika bhAvanA kA samAja meM vistAra karatA hai| sabhI kA Atmabala asIma hai yadi anyAya ke pratikAra ke lie Atmabala kA sahArA leM to vartamAna kaSToM se eka bar3I hada taka bacA jA sakatA hai|.....'buraaii kA pratirodha na karo' kA artha hai, burAI ko burAI se nahIM, balki bhalAI se dUra kro| dUsare zabdoM meM zarIra bala kA zarIra bala se nahIM, balki Atmabala se pratirodha kro| Atmabala hI satyAgraha AMdolana kI AdhAra bhitti hai| tAtkAlIna pariveza meM dekheM to bhAratIya saMdarbha meM gAMdhI ke satyAgraha AMdolana kA AdhAra dakSiNa aphrIkA meM kiyA gayA satyAgraha AMdolana kA saphala prayoga thaa| dakSiNa aphrIkA meM pravAsI bhAratIyoM ke hita rakSaNa hetu gAMdhI ke netRtva meM satyAgraha AMdolana se ATha varSa taka cale saMgharSa kA anta huaa| AMdolana kI saphalatA kA nidarzana hai * tIna pauMDa kA kara samApta huaa| . hindU, muslima, pArasI vivAha jAyaja mAne gye| . par3he-likhe hindI, bhASI aphrIkA meM A sakate the| . Ane-jAne ke paravAne-paramiTa prathA haTA dI gyii| isa samajhaute para gAMdhI aura janarala smaTsa ke hastAkSara hue tathA jUna 1914 ko pArliyAmeMTa meM usakA vidheyaka pArita huA aura kAnUna banAyA gyaa| bIsa varSa se kauma para thopA gayA anyAya aura apamAna kA ahiMsaka pratikAra se anta kara, satya kI zodha meM satyAgraha kA amogha astra gAMdhI ne dakSiNa aphrIkA meM paayaa| saMsAra ke itihAsa meM aise ahiMsaka satyAgraha kA yaha prathama prayoga thaa| prayoga bhUmi para duniyA ke nimna koTi ke giramiTa majadUroM ko sAtha lekara gAMdhI ne isa astra kA prayoga gore logoM kI nirmama sattA ke sAmane kiyaa| dakSiNa aphrIkA ke anubhavoM ne satyAgraha kI aparimita zakti ko siddha kiyA aura bhAratabhU ke baMdhana isI astra se tor3ane kA saMkalpa prabala bnaa| ___satya aura prema (sakriya ahiMsA) se sArA saMsAra jItA jA sakatA hai-yaha aTUTa AsthA hI unheM satyAgraha kI sAdhanA meM niyojita kara skii| isakI saMpuSTi ina paMktiyoM se hotI hai-'merA khyAla hai ki yaha pRthvI prema ke bala para hI TikI huI hai| jahA~ prema hai, vahIM jIvana hai, prema rahita jIvana mRtyu ke samAna hai| prema usI sikke kA dUsarA pahalU hai, jisakA pahalA pahalU satya hai|' satyAgraha zakti kA yahI rahasya hai| AMdolana ke daurAna isa bAta kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA ki-satyAgraha sarala bhI hai aura kaThina bhii| satya kA hI Agraha rakhane se sAre duHkha dUra ho sakate haiM, aba yaha bAta sabako AsAnI se samajha meM A jAnI caahie| satya kA pAlana-duHkha dUra karane ke lie hotA hai| duHkha sahana kaThina lagatA hai| phira jyoM-jyoM vicAra karatA hU~, tyoM-tyoM sivAya satyAgraha ke koI dUsarA upAya apane athavA kisI dUsare ke duHkhoM ke (nivAraNa ke lie sUjha nahIM pdd'taa| mujhe to aisA bhI lagatA hai ki usake sivAya koI saccA ilAja duniyA meM hai hI nhiiN| aisA ho yA na ho, kintu hama to aba yaha samajhane lage haiM ki satyAgraha se vijaya pAnA (jyAdA) ThIka rAstA hai|' unakA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa jana-jana kI cetanA kA saMcaraNa pAkara mukhara ho utthaa| satyAgraha AMdolana kI guNavattA ko barakarAra rakhane ke lie AMdolana kAriyoM ke lie vizeSa hidAyateM dii| 274 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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satyAgrahiyoM ko gAMdhI kA spaSTa AhvAna thA - apane zastrAgAra meM kevala satya aura ahiMsA ke hI zastra rakheM evaM unhIM kA upayoga kreN| jo satyAgraha meM zarIka hote haiM unheM hara hAlata meM hiMsA se alaga rahanA hai| IMTa-patthara nahIM pheMkane haiM aura na kisI ko kisI anya prakAra se coTa pahu~cAnI hai / apane sAthI ke pakar3e jAne yA kaida kI sajA diye jAne para zoka kA yA aura kisI taraha kA pradarzana nahIM karanA cAhie / satyAgraha ke arthAnurUpa satyAgrahI kI mImAMsA kI gaI ki isa lar3AI meM lar3ane vAle meM satya kA Agraha- satya kA bala honA cAhie arthAt usa vyakti ko kevala satya ke Upara nirbhara rahanA cAhie / eka paga dahI meM aura eka paga dUdha meM rakhane (arthAt do nAvoM para rakhane) se kAma na clegaa| aisA karane vAlA vyakti ( zarIra bala aura naitika bala ke do pAToM ke bIca meM kucala jAyegA / satyAgraha koI gAjara kI pIpanI nahIM hai ki vaha bajegI to bajAyeMge aura nahIM to khA jAyeMge / satyAgraha zarIra - bala se adhika tejasvI hai aura usake sAmane zarIra bala tinake ke samAna hai / satyAgrahI to apane zarIra ko kucha bhI nahIM ginatA / vaha bAharI hathiyAra nahIM bA~dhatA aura mauta kA Dara rakhe binA anta taka lar3atA hai / satyAgrahI ke lie sabase pahale satya kA sevana karanA, satya ke Upara AsthA rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isa bAta para vizeSa bala diyA gayA ki satyAgrahI atyAcAra meM to bhAga le hI nahIM sakatA / usako kuTumba kA moha chor3anA par3atA hai aura paise kA moha tyAga karanA hotA hai| bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI sahana karanI par3atI hai / jo dharma, dIna aura ImAna kI rakSA ucita prakAra se karatA hai vahI satyAgrahI ho sakatA hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki jo manuSya saba kucha khudA yA Izvara para hI chor3a detA hai, usako saMsAra meM kabhI hAranA hI nahIM pdd'taa| usake pAsa hArane jaisA kucha bhI apanA nahIM hotA para jItane ke lie sArI duniyA hotI hai / usakA prema bala use vijayI banAtA hai| isI dRr3ha vizvAsa se satyAgrahI apane Upara hone vAle vaiyaktika anyAya ke lie jhaTa satyAgraha karane nahIM jAyegA / chuTa-puTa anyAyoM ko vaha sAdhAraNataH saha legA aura sahana karate-karate virodhI ko prema se jItane kI koziza karegA / gAMdhI ne isa para bala diyA ki satyAgrahI dRr3ha nizcayI, Atma-vizvAsI, naitika zaktivAlA evaM anuzAsita ho / satyAgrahiyoM kA AtmAnuzAsana banA rahe isa dRSTi se kucha anivArya hidAyateM dIM - julUsa na nikaaleN| * saMgaThita pradarzana na hoN| * pahale se samiti kA Adeza prApta kiye binA kisI bhI kAraNa koI har3atAla na ho| * hiMsA na ho * TrAmoM ke calane yA yAtAyAta meM koI bAdhA na DAlI jaaye| * kisI para kisI bhI kisma kA dabAva na DAlA jAye / * sArvajanika sabhAoM meM tAliyA~ na bajAI jaayeN| anumodana yA virodha kA pradarzana na kiyA jAye / 'zarma' 'zarma' kI AvAjeM na kasI jaayeN| harSa dhvanita na kI jAye / pUrNatayA zAMti rahe / " gAMdhI dvArA nirmita ina niyamoM kA pAlana pratyeka satyAgrahI kA Atma dharma thA / satyAgrahI honA sarala aura kaThina donoM hai / sarala isalie hai ki isakA rAhI bAlaka, rogI, vRddha, garIba, strI-puruSa koI bhI bana sakatA thA aura baneM bhI / kaThina isa dRSTi se hai Atmazakti, satya- prema aura saghana deza bhakti ke binA isa mArga para nahIM calA jA sakatA / abhaya ke binA satyAgrahI kI gAr3I eka kadama bhI Age nahIM cala sakatI / brahmacarya ke pAlana se hI satyAgrahI kI zakti zataguNita banatI hai| satyAgrahI kA svarUpa aneka prasaMgoM para prakaTa huA ataH usameM aneka guNa-dharmo kA samAveza svAbhAvika hai / ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 275

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satyAgrahiyoM kI skhalanAoM ko dekhakara samaya-samaya para bApU unheM sAvadhAna karate evaM apUrNatA kA bodha krvaate| satyAgrahI itanA to jarUra jAnate haiM ki unameM se yadi eka bhI zuddha hogA, to usakA yajJa phalotpatti ke lie kAphI hai| pRthvI satya ke bala para TikI huI hai| 'asat' 'asatya' ke mAnI hai, 'nahIM', 'sata' 'satya' arthAt 'hai'-jahA~ asat arthAt astitva hI nahIM usakI saphalatA kaise ho sakatI hai? basa isI meM satyAgraha kA siddhAMta samAviSTa hai| ve AMdolana kI saphalatA satyAgrahiyoM ke vizuddha AcaraNa para AMkate the| satyAgraha aura satyAgrahI meM anyonya bhAva kA nidarzana hai| satyAgraha eka ajeya zakti hai| yaha aisI zakti hai jise hara koI apanA sakatA hai| yaha vIroM kA astra hai| bhautika zastra kamajora vyakti uThAtA hai| jAna ko hAtha meM lene vAlA vIra hI satyAgraha ke jariye kSamA, balidAna, sahayoga, maryAdA kA anupAlana karatA hai| bala-prayoga ke sarvathA viparIta Atma-zakti evaM satyabala ke AdhAra para bunA gayA yaha satyAgraha AMdolana ahiMsA kI tAkata para TikA hai| satyAgraha vAstava meM ahiMsaka Andolana hai| DaoN. haridvapara rAya ke anusAra satyAgraha kI prakriyA meM cAra vicAra sannihita haiM-pahalA saMsAra meM kucha galatiyAM yA avyavasthAe~ haiM, dUsarA ina para vijaya prApta karanA anivArya hai, tIsarA, hiMsA ke dvArA ina para vijaya prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki hiMsA burI icchAoM ko gaharI aura sabala banAtI hai tathA cauthA, galatiyoM para vijaya zubha saMkalpa se prerita hokara Atma-pIr3ana ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina vicAroM se spaSTa hai ki satyAgraha kI prakriyA samAja meM pracalita burAiyoM se saMgharSa karane ke lie Arambha hotI hai| ye burAiyAM Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, dhArmika-kisI prakAra kI ho sakatI hai|" vyavahAra ke dharAtala para satyAgraha AMdolana burAiyoM ke pratikAra kA ahiMsaka hathiyAra thaa| isakA naizcayika svarUpa ahiMsA aura satya se ota-prota thaa| satyAgraha AMdolana ko 'paisiva rejisTensa' kahanA bhUla hogii| donoM kA svarUpa bhinna haiN| dakSiNa aphrIkA meM bhAratIyoM kA ahiMsAtmaka AMdolana 'paisiva rejisTensa' nAma se pukArA jAtA thA jise nirbaloM kA hathiyAra kahakara makhaula uDAyI jAtI para gAMdhI ne pratikAra karate hue kahA-'hama bhale hI nirbala aura pIr3ita hoM para satyAgraha nirbala kA zastra nahIM hai| yaha to balavAna se balavAna aura bahAdara-se-bahAdara kA hathiyAra hai|' unhoMne balapUrvaka kahA-hindastAniyoM kA AMdolana 'paisiva rejisTensa' se eka judI cIja hai, dakSiNa aphrIkA meM 'satyAgraha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA thaa| paisiva rejisTensa niSedhAtmaka cIja hai, isameM prema ke sakriya tattva kA jarA bhI aMza nahIM hotA jabaki satyAgraha prema ke sakriya tattva para calatA hai| yaha tattva kahatA hai ki 'jo tumhAre sAtha burA kare una para tuma prema kro| mantavya se spaSTa hai ki satyAgraha paisiva rejisTensa se bahuta U~cI aura bhinna prakriyA hai| ahiMsA aura satya kI mizAla kAyama karate hue satyAgraha ke vibhinna prayoga kiye gaye, yathA* namaka satyAgraha * kher3A satyAgraha * vAyakoma kA satyAgraha * yuddha virodhI satyAgraha * pratinidhi satyAgraha * vyaktigata satyAgraha * bAraDolI kA satyAgraha / vibhinna rUpoM meM prayukta satyAgraha tAtkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM eka rAjanaitika astra thA jisake jariye sAmAjika, Arthika saMkaToM se ubarane kA sArthaka prayatna kiyA gyaa| gAMdhI ke satyAgraha Andolana kI saphalatA kA rAja hai svayaM kA prAmANika satyAgrahI honaa| isa vicAra kI puSTi meM dakSiNa aphrIkA kA eka udAharaNa prAsaMgika hogaa| san 1908 meM gAMdhI ko 276 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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aphrIkA meM kAle pAnI kI jela huii| patthara phor3ane kA kAma diyA gyaa| eka dina patthara phor3atephor3ate unake hAtha se khUna bahane lgaa| sAthI satyAgrahiyoM ne kahA : 'bApUjI, kAma banda kIjiye! a~guliyoM se khUna baha rahA hai|' bApU ne kahA : 'jaba taka hAtha kAma karatA rahegA, taba taka karate rahanA merA kartavya hai| aura vaha mahAn satyAgrahI patthara phor3atA hI rhaa| ghaTanA prasaMga se prAmANita hai ki unhoMne satyAgraha kI kasauTI para khuda ko kisa taraha kasA aura paripakva bnaayaa| gAMdhI kI ahaMkAra makta cetanA ne kabhI svayaM ko pahalA laukika satyAgrahI ghoSita nahIM kiyaa| unakA dAvA to mAtra usa siddhAMta ke sArvabhauma paimAne para upayoga kA thaa| satyAgraha AMdolana kI takanIkI prakriyA ke rUpa meM asahayoga, savinaya avajJA, upavAsa, hijarata, dharanA, har3atAla, sAmAjika-bahiSkAra Adi ko apanAyA gyaa| inameM pramukha kI carcA svataMtra rUpa se kI jaayegii| satyAgraha AMdolana kA maulika svarUpa satya-ahiMsA pradhAna hone se tatvataH AdhyAtmika kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha zuddhikaraNa evaM tapa kI eka prakriyA ke rUpa meM prayukta huaa| isakI bemisAla zakti para unheM pUrA bharosA thaa| para AcaraNa meM isakI apUrNatA ko dekhakara kahA-'satyAgraha aisI zakti hai jisakA pUrNa vikAsa abhI nahIM ho pAyA hai| jo tapasvI manasA-vAcA-karmaNA, satya aura ahiMsA kA pAlana karatA huA isakI zaktiyoM kI zodha meM zrama karegA use isake aneka naye prakAra mileMge aura use isakA bala aTUTa jAna pdd'egaa|' gAMdhI kA yaha abhimata satyAgraha ke saMdarbha meM yathArtha kA nidarzana hai| satyAgraha Andolana ke saMbaMdha meM unakI dRSTi sUkSma thii| jaba ve virodhiyoM ke prati bhI prema kI bAta karate the, to unake lie yaha pAkhaNDa nahIM thaa| isakA asalI uddezya usa AkrAmakatA ko pratidvaMdiyoM meM bhI nirasta karanA thaa| jaba kabhI AMdolana ke daurAna unhoMne hiMsaka vAradAteM dekhI, zikharArohI satyAgraha AMdolana ko bhI tatkAla sthagita kara Atmagaurava kA anubhava kiyaa| ise apane jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa aura bar3A dina karAra dete hue gAMdhI ne batAyA- 'sAre rASTra ke virodha ke bAvajUda bAraDolI kA Andolana jisa dina maiMne sthagita kiyA, usa dina ko maiM bar3A mAnatA huuN| pIche haTane kA vaha divasa, vaha satyAgrahI kI dRSTi se vijaya-divasa thaa| vaha ahiMsA kI jIta thii|14 uttara pradeza ke caurAcaurI sthAna para hue daMgoM ne gAMdhI kI ahiMsaka cetanA ko marmAhata kara diyA aura unhoMne Andolana sthagana kI ghoSaNA kii| jise sunakara pUrA deza kSubdha thaa| ise gAMdhI kI bhayaMkara bhUla batAyA jA rahA thA para ve apane nirNaya ke prati pUrNa vizvasta the| isase pramANita hotA hai ki unakA satyaahiMsA prema paristhitiyoM se aprabhAvita avicala thaa| satyAgraha AMdolana ne deza kI janatA kI AkAMkSAoM ko pUrA karane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaaii| satyAgraha ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kA saMkSipta mantavya dekhA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi usakA saMdarbha gAMdhI ke saMdarbha se sarvathA bhinna hai| para, itanA to saca hai ki mahAprajJa ne bhI satyAgraha ko prastuti kA viSaya bnaayaa| unakI dRSTi meM satyAgraha kA vyaktigata prayoga bahuta purAnA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne satyAgraha kiyA ki dAsI banI huI rAjakumArI ke hAtha se bhojana lU~gA, anyathA chaha mAsa taka bhojana nahIM luuNgaa| isakI pAraMparika vyAkhyA kucha bhI ho, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke krAnta vyaktitva ke sandarbha meM isakI vyAkhyA hogI dAsa-prathA ke unmUlana ke lie satyAgraha kA pryog| isa daurAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pA~ca mAsa aura paccIsa dina taka bhojana nahIM kiyaa| ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 277

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satyAgraha tapasyA hai| usakA prahAra yadi dUsare vyakti para hotA hai to vaha satyAgraha nahIM ho sktaa| usakA prahAra apanI zakti kI prakharatA ke lie honA caahie| jisa parivartana ke lie satyAgraha kiyA jAtA hai, usase saMbaMdhita vyakti kA hRdaya tapasyA kI A~ca ke binA nahIM pighala sakatA aura hRdaya kA parivartana hue binA satyAgraha kI sArthakatA nahIM ho sktii| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne satyAgraha ko sAmudAyika pratiSThA dii| satyAgraha saMbaMdhI apane mantavya ko adhika spaSTa karate hue mahAprajJa ne likhA-satyAgraha koI AyAsa zastra nahIM hai| vaha zastravihIna dhAra hai| Ayasa zastra ko bhI hara koI nahIM calA sktaa| jisameM zarIra bala, manobala aura prazikSaNa-tInoM hote haiM, vahI use calA sakatA hai| satyAgraha kI dhAra kA prayoga vahI kara sakatA hai, jo manobala, dhRti, sahiSNutA aura karuNA se paripUrNa hotA hai| isa yogyatA kA samudAya na mahAtmA gAMdhI ko milA aura na kisI anya vyakti ko milaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI satyAgraha ke yogya vyakti the| unake kucha sahayogI bhI usake lie upayukta the para bhIr3a kI satyAgraha ke lie arhatA nahIM ho sktii| hamArI duniyA meM bahuta bAra ahiMsA ke nAma para hiMsA, satya ke nAma para asatya aura acchAI ke nAma para burAI calatI hai| vartamAna meM calane vAle adhikAMza satyAgrahoM meM korA Agraha hI calatA hai| anAgraha ke binA satyAgraha utanA hI mithyA hai, jitanA ki astyaagrh| jisameM apane prANoM kA moha nahIM hai, jo dUsare ke prati prema se paripUrNa hai, jisameM taTasthatA hai-kisI bhI pakSa kA Agraha nahIM hai, vaha ahiMsaka hai aura ahiMsaka hI satyAgrahI hone kA adhikArI hai| prazikSaNa aura sAdhanA ke binA satyAgrahI kA nirmANa nahIM ho sktaa| kucha loga hiMsA-premI haiM aura kucha loga styaagrh-premii| gahare meM donoM ke prema kI jar3a eka hai| ahiMsA ke binA satya satya nahIM ho sakatA aura satya ke binA ahiMsA ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| donoM kI ekAtmakatA hI donoM ko do rUpoM meM pratiSThita karatI hai| mahAprajJa ke ina satyAgraha mUlaka vicAroM meM adhyAtma ko naI dizA dene kI tAkata hai| vimarzataH satyAgraha AMdolana ahiMsA aura satya kI dhurA para TikA hai| isakI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| vaizvika maMca para ghaTane vAlI aneka samasyAoM kA saTIka-sthAyI samAdhAna satyAgraha ke Aloka meM khojA jA sakatA hai| apekSA hai isake vizuddha svarUpa ke prayoga kii| asahayoga Andolana asahayoga Andolana anyAya, zoSaNa-utpIr3ana ke viruddha naitika zakti ke pradarzana kA eka sazakta ahiMsaka sAdhana hai| isakA prayoga vibhinna paristhitiyoM evaM saMdarbho meM aucityAnurUpa kiyA jAtA hai| asahayoga kA sIdhA sA artha hai-anyAya, pApa se apane Apako haTA lenA, usameM sahayoga nahIM krnaa| Atma tyAga aura balidAna karane ke lie Atma saMyama kA dUsarA nAma hai-ashyog| burAI ke pratikAra kA yaha eka zaktizAlI astra hai| yaha zodhana kI vaijJAnika prakriyA hai-sva zuddhi ke dvArA hI isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isameM niSkriyatA ko koI avakAza nahIM yaha prabala sakriyatA kA dyotaka hai| sakriya ahiMsaka Atmazakti ke bagaira asahayoga kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| isa zakti kA sAmUhika rUpa se kiyA gayA prayoga asahayoga Andolana khlaayaa| AjAdI kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsaka hathiyAra ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga viziSTa thaa| ahiMsA 'kucha na karanA' nahIM hai| hama burAI kA pratirodha isa DhaMga se kara sakate haiM ki usake 278/ a~dhere meM ujAlA

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sAtha sahayoga karane se inakAra kara deN| asahayoga AMdolana kA sUtrapAta san 1920 meM gAMdhI ke netRtva meM huaa|" jisakA ekamAtra lakSya deza kI AjAdI thaa| hinda svarAja aura iMDiyana homa rUla meM asahayoga ko paribhASita karate hue gAMdhI ne likhA- zAMtipUrvaka virodha evaM pIr3A sahakara apane adhikAroM ko surakSita karane kI yaha eka vidhi hai| jaba maiM koI kArya karane ke lie manA karatA hU~ vaha merI antarAtmA ke lie arUcikara hai, maiM AtmA kI zakti ko kAma meM letA huuN| asahayoga AMdolana kA mUla maMtra hai-apanI mAnyatA se viparIta siddhAMta kA ashyog| isake dvArA asAmAjika tatva, zoSaka duSTatA, burAiyoM kA sAmUhika pratikAra sugamatA se kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhArata varSa meM svataMtratA AMdolana meM isakI ahaM bhUmikA rhii| aitihAsika saMdarbha meM dekheM to asahayoga bhArata kI prAcIna vidhA hai| bhAratIya rAjanaitika vyavasthA meM aisA pracalana thA ki jaba rAjA prajA para adhika anyAya karatA taba prajA rAjA ke rAjya se nikalakara jaMgala jAne kI dhamakI detI aura jaMgala jAne para vaha kara denA baMda kara detI thii| kabhI-kabhI sAmUhika rUpa se rAjya chor3ane kI bAta bhI AtI thii| vastutaH ye asahayoga ke hI udAharaNa haiN| vyaktigata asahayoga ke udAharaNa bhI milate haiM yathA-prahlAda, naciketA apane pitA se, mIrA bAI ne rANA se, caMdana bAlA ne rathika se, gItA meM pANDavoM ne asahayoga kiyA, IsAmasIha, sukarAta Adi ke asahayogAtmaka prayogoM kA itihAsa sAkSI hai| asahayoga AMdolana kI ahiMsaka zakti sazakta mAMsapeziyoM para, vinAzakArI zastrAstroM para aura zaitAnI jaharIlI gaisoM para bharosA nahIM rakhatI, apitu naitika sAhasa, AtmaniyaMtraNa aura sudRr3ha cetanA para bharosA rakhatI hai| pratyeka manuSya ke bhItara, cAhe vaha kitanA hI krUra aura dveSI kyoM na ho, dayA kI eka jalatI huI jyoti, nyAya ke prati prema aura acchAI tathA satya ke prati sammAna kI bhAvanA vidyamAna rahatI hai; use asahayoga jaisI prakriyA se jAgRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| gAMdhI ne asahayoga kI isa prAcIna paddhati kA prayoga bhArata kI svAdhInatA kI samasyA ko hala karane ke lie kiyaa| yadi hama svataMtra nara-nAriyoM kI bhA~ti jIvana nahIM bitA sakate, to hameM mara jAne meM saMtoSa anubhava karanA caahie| bhArata meM aMgrejI rAjya bhAratIya janatA ke eka bahuta bar3e bhAga kI svecchApUrNa aura vAstavika sahamati ke AdhAra para TikA huA hai| yadi yaha sahayoga na rahe to yaha zAsana samApta ho jaaegaa| etad rUpa ciMtana kI niSpatti meM asahayoga AMdolana AjAdI kI lar3AI kA abhedya astra bnaa| gAMdhI ne dRr3hatA pUrvaka kahA-merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki ahiMsAtmaka asahayoga nirbala kA hI bala nahIM, balki balavAnoM kA bhI khAsa bala hai| vaha sarvavyApI siddhAMta hai| jAna meM ho yA anajAna meM hama rAta-dina isa para amala karate haiN|........'kvekr' logoM kA itihAsa ahiMsAtmaka asahayoga kA jagamagAtA udAharaNa hai| bhArata meM vaiSNavoM kA itihAsa bhI isa siddhAMta kI paSTi karatA hai| ye loga jo kAma kara sake haiM, sArI duniyA use kara sakatI hai| ahiMsAtmaka asahayoga bhArata ko usake manuSyatva kI yAda dilAnevAlI cIz2a hai| bhale hI karor3oM loga eka sAtha isa bAta meM zraddhA na rkheN| hathiyAra uThAne ke lie bhI kauna karor3oM taiyAra baiThe haiM? karor3oM taiyAra ho bhI nahIM skte| ahiMsAtmaka yuddha meM agara thor3e bhI mara miTane vAle lar3Ake hoMge, to ve karor3oM kI lAja rakheMge aura unameM prANa phuuNkeNge| agara yaha merA svapna hai, to bhI mere lie ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa | 279

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madhura hai| AkAzakusuma hai to bhI merI kalpanA kI A~khoM meM unakI zobhA hai aura usameM se saurabha phailatA hI rahatA hai| yaha unakI aTUTa AsthA kA pratibimba hai| asahayoga satyAgraha kA darzana isa tathya para AdhArita hai ki koI bhI zAsaka taba taka hI prajAjana ke prati anyAya evaM zoSaNa kI anIti kA pAlana karane meM samartha hotA hai jaba taka ki use ajJAna evaM bhaya ke kAraNa prajAjana kA sahayoga prApta hotA hai| gAMdhI ne ahiMsaka nIti se samAdhAna kI prakriyA ke rUpa meM asahayoga ko AjAdI kA AMdolana bnaayaa| bhAratIya saMdarbha meM asahayoga AMdolana kA uddezya rahA. bhArata ke lie svarAjya kI mAMga krnaa| . briTiza sarakAra se asahayoga krnaa| . aMgrejoM kI turkI nIti (bAMTo aura zAsana karo) kA virodha krnaa| . hindU-muslima ekatA para jora denaa| . sarakArI utsavoM va samArohoM kA bahiSkAra krnaa| . svadezI kA pracAra tathA videzI vastuoM kA bahiSkAra krnaa| asahayoga kA pramakha uddezya thA svataMtratA prApta krnaa| isakI paSThabhami meM gAMdhI ne anabhava kiyA ki jaba taka bhAratavarSa asahayoga ke lie pUrI taraha taiyAra nahIM ho jAyegA, use svarAjya kI prApti arthAt apanI khoI huI maryAdA kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| asahayoga AMdolana kA yaha bhI uddezya thA ki bhAratavarSa eka U~ce sthAna se saMsAra ko apanA naitika saMdeza sunA ske| isa Andolana ke dvArA hama briTiza siMha kI AtmA taka pahu~cate haiM, isalie ki vaha usako prApta kara le| yaha Antarika zakti ko vikasita karane kA Andolana hai| isalie apane aMtima rUpa meM yaha niHsandeha briTizasiMha kI AtmA taka phuNcegaa| gAMdhI kI bebAka prastuti thI-ki bhArata jAnatA hai ki mazIna ganoM aura suraMgoM ke sAmane usakI zakti bekAra hai| .....vaha asahayoga ko svIkAra kara rahA hai| logoM ne ise apanAyA to abhISTa kI siddhi avazya hogI arthAt briTiza anyAya parAyaNatA kA nAza avazya ho jaayegaa| lakSya prApti kI tIvra abhilASA ke sAtha asahayoga ne jana-jana meM bala sAhasa, pauruSa, AzA tathA vizvAsa kA saMcAra kiyaa| asahayoga kA AdhArabhUta tattva ahiMsA hai| isake Aloka meM pArasparika Adara aura vizvAsa kI buniyAda para binA kisI dabAva ke sacce tathA pratiSThApUrNa sahayoga ke lie rAstA taiyAra karanA hai| asahayoga AMdolana kA mUla satyAgraha hai, arthAt prema-pApa se ghRNA karo pApI se nhiiN| isa apekSA se yaha dveSa yA ghRNA kA mantra nahIM, prema kA mantra hai| yaha prema saba dukhoM ke nivAraNa kI kuMjI hai| asahayoga ke pIche mala darzana hai sabhI prakAra ke rAjanaitika tathA sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM kA ApasI sahayoga para nirbhara honaa| yadi vizeSa prakAra kI sAmAjika, rAjanaitika yA Arthika vyavasthA anyAya tathA zoSaNa ko prazraya detI hai, to isake unmUlana kA sabase sarala tathA maulika tarIkA hai, asahayoga ke AdhAra para purAne saMbaMdhoM ko tor3anA aura naI vyavasthA meM sahayoga denaa| ise adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA-'hama asahayoga ke sAtha prAmANika ahiMsA kA jo asahayoga kA sahaja phala hai-avalambana kareM yA pratiyogI sahayoga ko arthAt virodha ke sAtha sahayoga ko apnaaveN|' gAMdhI kA mAnanA thA ki burAI se asahayoga tattvataH zodhana prakriyA hai| yaha lakSaNoM se kahIM adhika kAraNoM kA upacAra karatA hai| yaha hamAre sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM ko vizaddha AdhAra para adhiSThita 280 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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karane kA Andolana hai, tAki usakI mImAMsA hamAre Atma sammAna evaM gaurava ke anukUla kI jA ske| sAtha hI batAyA-burAI se asahayoga karanA, bhalAI se sahayoga karane ke barAbara hai| AMdolana kI pracaMDatA kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai-isameM hindU-musalamAna binA bhedabhAva zarIka hue| madya-niSedha, khaddara pracAra, aspRzyatA nivAraNa, adAlatoM aura sarakArI zikSaNa saMsthAoM kA bahiSkAra isa Andolana kA dhyeya bana gyaa| isase bhArata meM vaha tUphAna AyA, vaha sAmUhika jAgRti huI jo bhArata ke itihAsa meM bilkula naI aura Azcaryajanaka thii| aneka vakIloM ne vakAlata chor3a dI, vidyArthiyoM ne skUla aura kaoNlejoM ko chor3A, kauMsiloM tathA adAlatoM kA jabaradasta bahiSkAra huaa| logoM ne apanI padaviyAM lauTA diiN| jagaha-jagaha para vilAyatI kapar3oM kI holI jalAI gii| prayAga ke prasiddha vakIla tyAgamUrti paM. motIlAla neharU tathA baMgAla ke dezabandhu citaraMjana dAsa bhI apanI vakAlateM choDa kara mahAtmA ke kAryakrama kAryakrama meM pUrI taraha se laga gye| isa taraha pUre deza meM AMdolana kI lahara phaila gyii| AjAdI kI pRSThabhUmi meM asahayoga ke do mukhya kAraNa the___ 1. bhArata kI Atma nirbharatA khatma ho rahI thii| 2. briTiza zAsakoM ko bhArata se nikAlanA thaa| ina kAraNoM kI asahayoga ke saMdarbha meM racanAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka pakSoM meM pahacAna bnii| ina pakSoM ke nimna bindu haiM niSedhAtmaka pakSaH * upAdhiyoM (samajhautoM) ko vApasa krnaa| * zaikSaNika saMsthAoM kA bahiSkAra krnaa| * briTiza zAsakoM ke utsavoM kA bahiSkAra krnaa| * nyAyAlayoM kA bahiSkAra krnaa| * saMsada kA bahiSkAra krnaa| * videzI samAna kA bahiSkAra krnaa| * karoM kA bhugatAna na krnaa| racanAtmaka pakSaH * sAmudAyika sAmaMjasyatA * aspRzyatA kA nivAraNa * khAdI kA prayoga * svadezI vastuoM kA prayoga * kuTIra udyoga * grAmya vikAsa * rASTrIya zikSA * grAma paMcAyata gAMdhI kA mAnanA thA ki yadi hama kisI gatividhi kA bahiSkAra karate haiM to sAtha hI eka aise mAhaula kA sRjana karate haiM jo bhaviSya meM racanAtmaka pariNAma dikhAte haiN| asahayoga ke sAtha hI nirmANa kI bAta jur3I hotI hai| asahayoga ke mukhya do upakaraNa the-1. bahiSkAra 2. har3atAla asahayoga AMdolana ke mahattvapUrNa udAharaNa haiM-campArana meM satyAgraha ke sAtha asahayoga, dANDI-mArca, akAla ke samaya Taiksa na dene ke rUpa meM asahayoga, saMpUrNa krAMti ke rUpa meM jayaprakAza kA asahayoga aadi| ___ asahayoga AMdolana kI AlocanA-pratyAlocanA kA gAMdhI ne bebAka jabAba diyaa| AMdolana ke daurAna videzI kapar3oM kI holI gAMdhI hAthoM se jalAye jA rahe the| sarakArI skUla-kaoNlejoM kA bahiSkAra karane kA AhvAna kara rahe the| ye saba karate dekha garudeva ravIndranAtha Taigora ko mahAtmAjI ke isa Andolana meM dveSa kI gaMdha Ane lgii| unhoMne bApU ko isa bAre meM likhaa| gAMdhI kA uttara thA-'videzI sarakAra ke prati dveSa phailAnA to merA dharma hai| lekina aksara yaha nArAjagI aura dveSa vyakti ke prati ho jAtA hai| phira sarakArI adhikAriyoM kI hatyA hotI hai| maiM vaha dveSa vyakti se haTAkara vastu kI ora mor3atA huuN| maiM kahatA hU~ ki videzI sarakArI adhikAriyoM ko mata mAro, videzI kapar3A jlaao| aisA kahakara manuSyoM para TUTane vAlI hiMsA ko vastu kI tarapha mor3atA huuN| yaha unakI ahiMsaka ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 281

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soca kA sAkSAt rUpa thaa| isase yaha bhI parilakSita hotA hai ki asahayoga AMdolana vibhinna pratikriyAoM ke bAvajUda gati se pragati kI ora bar3hatA gyaa| asahayoga Andolana ke artha, svarUpa, uddezya aura prakriyA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki gAMdhI kA yaha AMdolana ahiMsA para TikA thaa| isakI prayoga bhUmi meM ahiMsA kA alaukika bala thaa| isameM ahiMsA kA matalaba hai ki burAI se asahayoga karane ke lie jo kucha bhI sajA mile use svIkAra kara leN|' kaSToM kI paravAha kiye bagaira anyAya, burAI ke pratikAra ko Atma dharma mAnakara Ane vAlI vipattiyoM ko saharSa jhelanA AsAna bAta nahIM hai| para AMdolanakAriyoM ne ahiMsA kI rakSA karate hue deza kI AjAdI ke lie asahayoga ko apnaayaa| yaha satyAgraha takanIkI mUlaka Andolana thaa| jisakA virAT svarUpa prAMta, vyakti, samudAya se Upara uThakara sarvavyApI bnaa| asahayoga ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa ke saMkSipta vicAra dekhane meM Ate haiN| asahayoga ke aitihAsika prasaMga kA havAlA dete hue mahAprajJa ne likhA-ariSTanemi vivAha karane ke lie gae the aura vivAha ko asvIkAra kara diyaa| yaha asahayoga Andolana kA udAtta rUpa thaa| prAcIna kAla meM aisI aneka ghaTanAe~ ghaTI haiM jinameM uddaNDatA ke sAtha nahIM kintu savinaya asahayoga kiyA gyaa| ve usa ghaTanA ke sAtha nahIM jur3ate, jisase sahamata nahIM hote| maiM yaha nahIM karU~gA, yaha nizcaya kara lete| use asahayoga karane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hotI jisake mana meM koI cAha aura AkAMkSA nahIM hotii| jo apane Apa meM santuSTa hai, vaha asahayoga kara sakatA hai| ariSTanemi ne asahayoga kiyaa| dUsare zabdoM meM ise satyAgraha kahA jA sakatA hai| satyAgraha aura asahayoga-ye do gAMdhIyuga ke vizeSa zabda haiM, para inakA prayoga atIta meM bhI ho cukA hai| vivAha ke nimitta parakoTe meM baMda pazuoM kI cItkAra sunakara ariSTanemi ne ratha ko mor3ane kA Adeza diyaa| ratha vivAha maNDapa kI ora na jAkara dUsarI dizA meM mur3a gyaa| yaha dekhakara saba avAka raha ge| aneka logoM ne ariSTanemi se kahA-Apa isa prakAra na mudd'eN| aisA karanA ThIka nahIM hai| ariSTanemi apane nizcaya para aTala rhe| zrIkRSNa, vAsudeva Adi ke Agraha ko bhI ariSTanemi ne asvIkAra kara diyaa| rAjImatI kI cIkha bhI unake nizcaya ko nahIM badala skii| ___ ariSTanemi ne punaH mur3akara nahIM dekhaa| unake mana meM yaha bhAva jagA-mere kAraNa kitane prANI pIr3ita aura duHkhI ho rahe haiN| maiM kisI ko satAnA nahIM cAhatA, duHkhI aura pIr3ita nahIM karanA cAhatA, maiM yaha saba nahIM dekha sktaa| mujhe apane ApameM rahanA hai akele meM rahanA hai| ve sacamuca akele bana ge| jo vyakti ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karatA hai, use akelA rahanA yA calanA svIkAra hotA hai| mahAvIra ho, ariSTanemi yA gAMdhI, ahiMsA kI AsthA vAle vyakti ko akele calanA hotA hai| vastutaH nema-rAjula kA ghaTanA prasaMga ahiMsA ke Aloka meM asahayoga ko pradarzita karatA hai| ariSTanemi cale gae. rAjImatI se vivAha nahIM haa| rAjImatI ariSTanemi kI pratIkSA karatI raha gii| yaha ghaTanA ghaTita ho gaI aura isase upajA siddhAMta zeSa raha gyaa| asahayoga AMdolana ahiMsA kI nIMva para TikA hai| jaba-kabhI isakA pUre manoyoga ke sAtha prayoga kiyA gayA niSpatti nizcita rUpa se aaii| phira prasaMga cAhe zAsaka kI krUravRtti ke pariSkAra kA ho yA deza kI AjAdI kaa| isa AMdolana ne apanA kArya manthara gati athavA tIvragati se avazya kiyaa| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM isa AMdolana kI atyanta upayogitA mahasUsa kI jA rahI hai| cUMki bahurASTrIya kaMpaniyoM kA jAla pUre bhArata meM pasaratA jA rahA hai jo deza ke Arthika DhA~ce ko kabhI bhI paMgu banAkara 282 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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apanA prabhutva jamA sakatA hai| AjAdI kI pRSThabhUmi meM asahayoga AMdolana kA pUrI tAkata ke sAtha prayoga kiyA gayA Aja punaH pAzcAtya saMskRti ke prabhutva aura videzI vastuoM ke bahiSkAra ke rUpa meM asahayoga AMdolana ko bulanda karane kI jarUrata hai| rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, pArivArika saMdarbha meM asahayoga AMdolana kA abhinava prayoga anyAya, zISaNa, anaitikatA, akarmaNyatA ke viruddha kiyA jAye to aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hogA aura eka ahiMsA pradhAna zAMtimaya pariveza kI parikalpanA sAkAra bnegii| savinaya-avajJA AMdolana ahiMsaka AMdolana kI eka zaktizAlI kar3I hai-sviny-avjnyaa| gAMdhI ne isakA sUtrapAta AjAdI ke AMdolana ko adhika sakriyatA pradAna karane ke lie kiyA thaa| ahiMsA aura satya kI buniyAda para nirmita yaha AMdolana deza kI AkAMkSAoM ko pUrA karane meM kAmayAba bnaa| isa AMdolana kI pRSThabhUmi ko prakaTa karate hue gAMdhI ne mAno antaravyathA ko zabdoM meM uDela diyA-rAjanItika dRSTi se hamArI sthiti gulAmoM se acchI nahIM hai| hamArI saMskRti kI jar3a hI khokhalI kara dI gayI hai| hamAre hathiyAra chInakara hamArA sArA pauruSa apaharaNa kara liyA gayA hai| hamArA Atmabala to lupta ho hI gayA thA, hama sabako niHzastra karake kAyaroM kI bhA~ti niHsahAya aura nirbala banA diyA gyaa| savinaya-avajJA kI yojanA ina burAiyoM ke mukAbale ke lie hai| isa kathana se savinaya-avajJA kI anivAryatA prakaTa hotI hai| __ bhAratIya cetanA ko nirbala banAne vAle niyama videzI sattA dvArA thope jA rahe the jinakA pratikAra astitva rakSA ke lie anivArya bana gyaa| isakI puSTi gAMdhI ke kathana meM jhalakatI hai| hamArA antaHkaraNa pUrvaka vizvAsa hai ki 1919 ke bhAratIya daNDa vidhi (saMzodhana) vidheyaka saMkhyA 1 aura daNDa vidhi (ApAtika adhikAra) vidheyaka saMkhyA 2 nAmaka vidheyaka anyAyapUrNa, svAtantrya tathA nyAya ke siddhAMta aura vyaktiyoM ke buniyAdI adhikAroM ke lie; jo sampUrNa samAja tathA svayaM rAjya kI surakSA ke AdhAra haiM, ghAtaka tathA vidhvaMsakArI haiN| ataH hama saMkalpa karate haiM ki yadi ina vidheyakoM ko kAnUna kA rUpa diyA gayA to jaba taka inako vApisa nahIM le liyA jAyegA taba taka hama ina aura, isake bAda niyukta hone vAlI samiti jinheM isa yogya samajhegI, aise kAnUnoM kI savinaya-avajJA karate raheMge; aura sAtha hI hama saMkalpa karate haiM ki isa saMgharSa meM hama pUrI niSThA ke sAtha satya kA pAlana kareMge aura hiMsA nahIM kareMge-kisI kI bhI jAna-mAla ko kisI prakAra kA nukasAna nahIM phuNcaayeNge| mantavya se spaSTa hai ki savinaya-avajJA kI anivAryatA kisa kadara bana cukI thii| svarAjya kI mAMga ke saMbaMdha meM vAyasarAya laoNrDarIDiMga kA pharamAna thA svarAjya to sirpha do hI upAyoM se mila sakatA hai-eka talavAra aura dUsarA daan|.....pr gAMdhI kA ThIka isake viparIta yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki ina do ke alAvA tIsarA rAstA bhI hai aura vaha hai savinaya kAnUna-bhaMga kaa|| sAtha hI saMgharSa kA svarUpa ahiMsAtmaka rahe isake lie bhI gAMdhI saMkalpa baddha the| savinaya avajJA zabdArtha ahiMsA ke gUr3ha bhAva kA dyotaka hai| anaitika sarakArI kAnUnoM ko bhaMga krnaa| savinaya yAnI kahIM bhI avinaya kA bhAva na ho| kAnUna (sarakArI aura laukika) kI avajJA, usakA bhaMga, lekina tabhI jabaki satya kI niSThA ke kAraNa ho aura vaha avajJA sarvathA vinamra aura bhadra ho| ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 283

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canauti vizeSa rUpa se gAMdhI ne isa bAta para bala diyA ki hameM savinaya kAnUna-bhaMga meM kevala kAnUnabhaMga kA hI khyAla nahIM karanA caahie| yaha eka aisA zastra hai, jisakA upayoga hameM bahuta sambhalakara karanA caahie| jaba AdamI kisI paudhe kI phAlatU DAloM ko kATane lagatA hai to use isa bAta kA khAsa taura para dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki usakI kaiMcI yA kulhAr3I usakI jar3a ko hI na kATa de, jisakI rakSA ke lie vaha isa uTAle ko kATane jA rahA thaa| savinaya kAnUna-bhaMga kA prayoga kevala usI dazA meM acchA, Avazyaka aura aksIra hogA, jaba hama manuSya kI unnati ke dUsare tamAma niyamoM ke pAlana para aTala aura dRr3ha rheN| ataeva hameM 'kAnUna-bhaMga' kI banisvata usake vizleSaNa-'savinaya'-para pUrApUrA jora denA caahie| vinaya, niyama baddhatA, viveka aura ahiMsA ke binA 'kAnUna-bhaMga' karane se sivAya rvanAza ke aura kacha nahIM ho sktaa| prema ke sAtha kiyA gayA kAnana-bhaMga prANadAyI aura jIvanavarddhaka hai| savinaya kAnUna-bhaMga to unnati kA bar3hiyA lakSaNa hai| savinaya avajJA meM pratirodha kArya savinaya arthAt ahiMsaka rUpa se kAnUna kI avajJA karatA hai| jaba avajJA savinaya kI jAtI hai taba vaha sadicchApUrNa, udAra, niyantrita aura anucchRkhala hotI hai| savinaya avajJA vAstava meM vinaya aura AjJA bhaMga kA arthAt ahiMsA aura pratirodha kA sAmaMjasya hai| anaitika kAnUnoM ko ziSTa rUpa meM bhaMga karanA savinaya avajJA hai| isa sAdhana kA prayoga jIvana dAyaka tathA sRjanAtmaka tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba 'avajJA' kI apekSA usake vizeSaNa 'savinaya' para adhika bala diyA jaaye| avajJA, savinaya tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba usameM saccAI ho, vaha dambhapUrNa, / bhAvanA se mukta ho, usake pIche koI durbhAvanA yA ghRNA kA bhAva na ho, vaha AdarapUrNa aura pUrvAnubhUta kisI acche siddhAMta para AdhArita ho| manuSya kI naitika unnati ke lie hAnikAraka kAnUnoM kA virodha Avazyaka hai kintu sthira sAmAjika vyavasthA ke lie vinaya bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isake binA samucita vikAsa saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| avajJA se bhI adhika nikRSTa kArya hai-anaitika kAnUna kA anugmn| manuSya ke lie ve hI kAnUna ucita haiM jo naitika evaM janatantravAdI niyamoM se bane hoN| gAMdhI ne isI vizvAsa ko mUrta rUpa dene ke lie va AjAdI ke AMdolana ko tIvra banAne ke lie savinaya-avajJA ko AMdolana kA rUpa diyaa| anyAyI sarakAra ko badalane yA miTAne kA janatA ko adhikAra hai| isa nizcaya para ahiMsAtmaka zarta ke sAtha gAMdhI ne savinaya-avajJA kA hathiyAra apnaayaa| unakA spaSTa udghoSaNa thA-'1920 kA saMgharSa deza kI taiyAriyoM ke lie thA, 1930 kA saMgharSa aMtima muThabher3a ke lie hai| kAMgresa ne savinaya avajJA aura karabaMdI AMdolana ko isa pratijJA ke sAtha sakriya kiyA ki briTiza zAsana meM rahanA manuSya aura bhagavAna donoM ke prati aparAdha hai|' isake sAtha hI unhoMne isa bAta para bala diyA ki ahiMsA kA rAstA hI ekamAtra rAstA hai, jo deza ko AjAdI dilA sakatA hai| hara sthiti meM ahiMsA aura vinaya ke mArga para DaTe rahane kI hidAyata ke sAtha logoM ko yaha zikSaNa diyA ki sira para DaNDe baraseM athavA ghAyala hokara mara bhI jAnA par3e to vaha Ahuti hai| usake lie mana meM koI duHkha nahIM honA caahie| isa Atma nivedana ke sAtha 12 mArca 1930 ko namaka kAnUna ko tor3ane ke lie dANDI kUca ke pUrva gAMdhI ne lArDa iravina ko patra bhejaa|.....sNklp ko AkAra dete hue samudra taTa para gAMdhI ne namaka-kAnUna todd'aa| pUre ghaTanA cakra meM gAMdhI kI AsthA aura karma kA eka sAtha kriyAnvayana dekhA jAtA hai| isa kAnUna bhaMga ke badale unako yaravadA jela 284 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kA vAsa milA para vaha unheM svarAjya prApti kA zubhArambha evaM saMkalpa kI-'muTThI TUTa bhale jAye, lekina khulanI nahIM cAhie' dRr3hatA kA varadAna lgaa|" ___namaka-kAnUna bhaMga kA abhinna rUpa dharAsanA kA namaka-bhaNDAra lUTanA thaa| usameM 400 satyAgrahI giraphtAra kara liye gye| hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM loga jeloM meM ThaMsa diye gye| namaka ke lie Andolana eka naitika Andolana thaa| usa mAdhyama se zAsana ko khulI cunautI dI gayI thii| namaka-kAnUna tor3ane ke Andolana meM namaka kA utanA mahattva nahIM thA jitanA mahattva savinaya avajJA kA thaa| isa AMdolana ne sAbita kara diyA ki satya, ahiMsA aura savinaya-avajJA meM eka chipI huI tAkata hai, jo hiMsAtmaka kAryavAhI ko bhI jhukA sakatI hai| savinaya-avajJA ke do rUpa mAnya haiM- * vyaktigata savinaya-avajJA * sAmUhika sviny-avjnyaa| prathama meM jahAM vyakti svayaM hI apanA netA hotA hai vahA~ dUsare meM netRtva kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| prAyogika dRSTi se savinaya-avajJA kA prayoga AkramaNAtmaka aura rakSAtmaka donoM rUpoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| savinaya-avajJA AMdolana ke sAtha gAMdhI ne apane anubhUta satya ko jor3akara ise adhika zaktizAlI bnaayaa| unakA yaha anubhava thA ki bagaira carakhe ke, bagaira hiMdU-muslima ekatA ke aura bagaira aspRzyatA nivAraNa ke savinaya avajJA kA Andolana cala hI nahIM sktaa| isake mUla meM yaha kalpanA nihita hai ki hama apane banAye niyamoM kA svecchA se pAlana kreN| bagaira isake kiyA huA savinaya bhaMga to nirdaya majAka hogaa| yaha cIja hai, jo mujhe rAjakoTa kI prayogazAlA meM anubhava huI aura isa para merA dugunA vizvAsa ho gyaa| agara eka bhI manuSya tamAma zartoM ko pUrA kara le, to vaha bhI svarAjya prApta kara sakatA hai| gAMdhI kA yaha anubhava prAyogika dharAtala para savinaya-avajJA AMdolana ko gati se pragati dene vAlA siddha huaa| gAMdhI ke anusAra savinaya-avajJA kI tIvratama prakRti ko dekhate hue isakA prayoga pahale anya sAdhana apanAne ke pazcAt hI karanA caahie| samAdhAna hetu vArtA, pradarzana, har3atAla Adi samasta prakriyAoM ko AjamAne ke bAda hI antima astra ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga kiyA jaaye| isa saMbaMdha meM spaSTa abhimata thA jaba kAnUna banAne vAle kI galatI sudhArane kI ceSTAyeM arjI Adi dene ke bAda bhI viphala ho jAtI hai, taba usa galatI ke sAmane do hI vikalpa bacate haiM-yA to naitika zakti se use apanI bAta mAnane para vivaza kareM yA usa kAnUna ko tor3ane kA daNDa jhelakara vyaktigata rUpa se kaSTa utthaayeN| isa rUpa se salakSya kiyA gayA savinaya-avajJA Andolana nizciya hI abhiSTa kI prApti meM yogabhUta banatA hai| isameM ahiMsA aura nyAya kI kasauTI para calane vAlA saphalatA kA varaNa karatA hai| mahAprajJa ne savinaya-avajJA ke prayoga ko aitihAsika saMdarbha meM svIkArate hue isakI puSTi meM kahA 'saba prANI samAna haiM, jaisA maiM hU~ vaise hI dUsare jIva haiM'-isa cetanA kA jAgaraNa bahuta kaThina hai| mahAvIra ko ina saMdarbho meM ahiMsA ke lie bahuta saMgharSa karanA pdd'aa| unhoMne ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kaI naI dRSTiyA~ diiN| kaise manuSya kI cetanA udAtta bane aura jo krUratA ke bIja haiM, ve naSTa ho jaaeN| yaha abhiyAna mahAvIra ke samaya hI nahIM calA, usase bahuta pahale prAraMbha ho cukA thaa| isa saMdarbha meM itanA hI paryApta hai ki mahAprajJa ne savinaya avajJA ko ahiMsA kI kasauTI para mAnya kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM savinaya-avajJA AMdolana ahiMsA aura satya ke mArga para calate hue rAjanaitika pratikUla paristhitiyoM se lohA lene kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| gAMdhI ne isakA prayoga bhArata kI AjAdI AMdolana ke tahata kiyA thaa| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM isakI prAsaMgikatA barakarAra hai| ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa | 285

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svadezI AMdolana rASTra pitA mahAtmA gAMdhI dvArA saMcAlita vibhinna ahiMsaka AMdolana kI eka zaktizAlI kar3I hai-svadezI AMdolana / isakI buniyAda bhrAtRtva prema ke ahiMsaka Adarza para TikI hai| isakA ubhaya pathI svarUpa-satyAgraha kA kAryakrama evaM AjAdI kA AMdolana rUpa hai| isakA sakriya prayoga 1921 se lekara svataMtratA prApti taka satyAgraha AMdolana meM kiyA gyaa| svadezI AMdolana ko unhoMne bahuta mahattva diyA aura ise AjAdI pAne kA brahmAstra karAra diyaa| svadezI AMdolana kI pRSThabhUmi tAtkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM isakI upAdeyatA ko ujAgara karatI hai| aMgrejI hukmarAnoM kI Arthika nIti ke calate bhArata meM videzI mAla kA AyAta svataMtra rUpa se hone se dezI udyoga dhaMdhe prAyaH naSTa hone lage, videzI udyoga dhandhoM kI pratispardhA se deza ke udyoga dhaMdhoM ko bacA pAnA kaThina ho gyaa| bhAratIya artha vyavasthA caramarAne lgii| akAla, prAkRtika prakopa, videzI kaMpaniyoM kA phailAva, udyogIkaraNa ne logoM kI rojIroTI para praznacihna lagA diyaa| svadezI vastueM mahaMgI ho gyii| videzI vastue~ hamArI saMskRti, artha vyavasthA para hAvI ho gyii| parataMtratA aura nAjuka Arthika sthiti kA mukhya kAraNa kuTIra udyogoM kA samUla vinAza honA thaa| gAMdhI ne mahasUsa kiyA ki Arthika vipannatA meM bhArata apanI AjAdI kI lar3AI sucAru rUpa se nahIM calA sktaa| isa gaMbhIra ciMtana-maMthana ke sAtha svedazI AMdolana kA AvirbhAva huaa| 'svadezI' sAmAsika zabda hai| svadezI svadezI, sva yAnI apane, dezI yAnI deza, samAja, gA~va, par3osa kaa| isakA spaSTa artha hai apane deza kA arthAt apane deza meM banAI vastuoM ko vyApaka rUpa se apekSAkRta adhika vAMchanIya maannaa-apnaanaa| svedazI eka dhArmika niyama hai jisakA pAlana usase honevAle sAre zArIrika kaSToM ke bAvajUda mananIya hai| gAMdhI ne bala diyA ki svadezI hamAre andara kI vaha bhAvanA hai, jo hama para pratibaMdha lagAtI hai ki hama apekSAkRta adhika dUra ke vAtAvaraNa ko chor3akara pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa kA upayoga kareM aura usakI sevA kreN| svadezI eka bhAvanA hai. 'spiriTa' hai| usakA artha hai dUra kI cIjoM kI apekSA apane AsapAsa kI, najadIka kI hI cIjeM kAma meM lene kA niyama bnaayeN| svadezI kI dhAraNA meM yaha vicAra nihita hai ki isakI zuruAta to sthAnIya stara se honI cAhie, kintu isakA vistAra kramazaH vizvastara taka honA cAhie, kyoMki svadezI dharma kA antima uddezya sampUrNa mAnavatA kI sevA hai| gAMdhI ne svadezI AMdolana ke tahat zapatha lI ki 'Izvara ko sAkSI mAnakara maiM gambhIratA pUrvaka ghoSita karatA hU~ ki Aja se maiM apane vyaktigata jarUratoM ke lie bhArata kI rUI, rezama yA Una se bane kapar3e kA hI upayoga karU~gA; aura maiM videzI kapar3e kA sarvathA tyAga kara dUMgA tathA mere pAsa jo videzI kapar3e hoMge, unheM naSTa kara duuNgaa|' zapatha meM svedazI AMdolana ke do mukhya pakSa ujAgara hote haiM- niSedhAtmaka aura bhaavaatmk| niSedhAtmaka pakSa meM videzI vastroM ke upayoga tathA videzI vastra kI dukAnoM ke bahiSkAra evaM zarAba kI dukAnoM kI bandI kA nArA diyA gyaa| satyAgrahI kAryakartA isameM juTa gye| isa kArya ko Atmadharma jAnate hue kAMgresa ke pramukha netA-motIlAla neharU, DaoN. rAjendra prasAda, saradAra vallabha bhAI paTela, subhASa candra bosa, cakravartI rAjagopAlAcArya jaise aneka netAoM ne apane videzI pozAkoM kI holI jlaaii| asaMkhya logoM ne isakA anusaraNa kiyaa| zaharoM-gAMvoM meM videzI vastroM, vastuoM kA saMgraha kara sArvajanika sthaloM para jalAyA gyaa| 286 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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bhAvAtmaka pakSa meM svadezI AMdolana ke tahata khAdI ke kAryakrama ko apanAyA gyaa| gAMdhI ne nArA diyA-'kAto carakhA mile svraaj| svayaM sevaka sUta kAtane lage aura khAdI ke vastra pahanane lge| khAdI vastroM kI mAMga ke Adeza, becane aura zuddha khAdI-nakalI khAdI kA pracAra kiyaa| khAdI ke svarUpa ko dekhakara hI unhoMne kahA thA-'carakhe ke hara tAra meM zAnti, sadabhAva aura prema kI bhAvanA bharI hai| isake vistAra evaM Arthika AtmanirbharatA ke lie gAMdhI ne khAdI para vizeSa bala diyaa| khAdI ke punaruddhAra meM unhoMne saMbaMdhita aneka gharelU udyogoM kA punaruddhAra saMbhava paayaa| svadezI AMdolana kA AdhAra gItA kA 'svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH para dharmo bhayAvaha' meM pAte haiN| vahI isakA darzana 'yathA piNDe tathA brahmANDe' meM dekhate haiM, arthAt svadezI kI zuddha sevA meM paradezI kI bhI zuddha sevA hotI hai| svadezI ke virAT svarUpa kA citraNa gAMdhI ne vibhinna saMdarbho meM bhinna zailI meM kiyA para samagra dRSTi se isakA maulika rUpa mAnavatA kI sevA hI rhaa| unakI dRSTi meM svadezI ucca koTi kI AdhyAtmika sarvamukhI dezabhakti hai| yaha eka mahAyajJa hai jisakA prAraMbha samAja kalyANa hetu kiyA gayA hai| ataH svadeza aura svarAja eka hI sikke ke do pahalU hai| isake prati gAMdhI kA udAra dRSTikoNa thA-svadezI-dharma pAlane vAlA paradezI kA dveSa kabhI nahIM kregaa| isalie pUrNa svadezI meM kisI kA dveSa nahIM hai| vaha saMkucita dharma nahIM hai| vaha prema meM se, ahiMsA meM se nikalA huA sundara dharma hai|" isa mArga para zuddhanIti pUrvaka calate hue deza kI janatA ne apanA manoratha siddha kiyaa| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM svedazI AMdolana kI prAsaMgikatA kA prazna mahattvapUrNa hai| gAMdhI ne svarAja kI mAMga ke lie videzI vastroM ke tyAga kI bAta aura svedazI ko apanAne ke lie Andolana kiyA thaa| para Aja svataMtra bhArata meM AjAdI kI rakSA ke lie bhI svadezI AMdolana kI usase adhika AvazyakatA hai| drutagati se ho rahe vaijJAnika vikAsa, pAzcAtyAnukaraNa, hiMsA-AtaMka, bahurASTrIya kampaniyoM kA phailAva va anya zoSaNakArI zaktiyoM se nipaTane aura samaya rahate sahI kadama uThAne ke lie svadezI kI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI barakarAra hai| AjAdI ke prasaMga meM svedazI AMdolana jitanA mahattvapUrNa thA Aja usase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| svataMtratA ke bAvajUda deza kI janatA Arthika, mAnasika rUpa se gulAmI kA zikAra bana rahI hai| 'jo ho rahA hai hone de' yaha mAnasika gulAmI kA pratIka hai| berojagArI, bar3hatI huI janasaMkhyA, paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa, girate hue naitika mUlyoM kI sthiti meM svedazI AMdolana ko adhika zaktizAlI rUpa se apanAne kI jarUrata hai| pUrvAgraha mukta niSpakSa bhAva se ciMtana ke kSitija para spaSTa hotA hai ki svadezI bhAvanA rASTrIya, antarrASTrIya, mAnavIya evaM adhyAtmika sabhI udAtta vicAroM ko apane meM sameTe hue hai| isI kA anusaraNa kara gAMdhI ne apane mizana meM saphalatA hAsila kI thii| para Aja dezavAsiyoM ke pA~va usa mArga se phisalate najara A rahe haiN| bhAratIya janatA meM garIbI evaM Arthika saMkaTa ke bAdala chA rahe haiM isakA kAraNa hai svedazI ke vizAla artha ko bhulaanaa| Aja svadezI bhAvanA/AMdolana ko punaH pratiSThita karane kI jarUrata hai| bar3hatI huI aMtarrASTrIya pratispardhA para niyaMtraNa isI se saMbhava hai| tatvataH svedazI kA avalambana saMskRti ke udAtta guNoM ko vikasita karatA hai, parataMtratA ghaTatI hai jisakI badaulata rASTra pragati tathA zAMti kI dizA meM agrasara hote haiN| yadi vizva kA pratyeka rASTra svadezI kA ImAnadArI se pAlana kare to sabhI prakAra ke upanivezavAda samApta hoMge sAtha hI eka deza ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 287

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kA dUsare deza para zoSaNa bhI samApta hogaa| vikasita, avikasita, ardhavikasita rASTroM ke bIca panapane vAlI Arthika viSamatA kA anta hogaa| ataH sAmAjika, Arthika zAMti ke lie bhI svadezI mahattvapUrNa pravidhi hai| apekSA hai gAMdhI ke virAT svadezI dRSTikoNa ko punaH pratiSThita karane kii| svadezI ke jariye vizAla mAnava zakti, pazuzakti aura prAkRtika saMpadA kA samyak upayoga Ama jana-jIvana ko sarala-sukhI aura zAMtipUrNa banAne meM mahatvapUrNa hai| aNuvrataH eka naitika paigAma 'satyaM-ziva-suMdaraM' kI samRddha saMskRti se suvikhyAta bhArata-bhU ko hara yuga meM Alokita karane vAle saMta-maharSiyoM kA suyoga sulabha rahA hai| parataMtratA kI ber3iyoM se mukti kA varaNa karate hI yugapradhAna AcArya zrI tulasI ne svataMtra bhArata ke nAgarikoM meM mAnavIya mUlyoM kI punarpratiSThA hetu naitika-cAritrika patha-darzana kA bIr3A utthaayaa| bhAratIyatA kI zAna saMta bhUmikA ko ujAgara karate hue saMtaziromaNi tulasI ne 2 mArca, 1949 ko aNuvrata AMdolana kA vidhivat sUtrapAta rAjasthAna ke kasbe saradArazahara meM kiyaa| pUrva pITikA ke rUpa meM bhArata svataMtratA ke prathama divasa (15 agasta, 1947) para, ve 'asalI Az2AdI apanAoM' kA zaMkhanAda kara cuke the| asalI AjAdI kA tAtparya thA-naitika-cAritrika vikAsa / usake binA AjAdI kA AnaMda adhUrA hogaa| akhaMDa AnaMda kA prAyogika rUpa hai aNuvrata aaNdoln| aNuvrata AMdolana mAnavIya vyavahAra ko naitikatA, prAmANikatA, sadAcAra, sauhArda aura bhAIcAre se sarAbora banAne vAlA eka alAuddIna cirAga hai| jise apanAkara taba se aba taka lAkhoM logoM ne apane jIvana ko rozana kiyA hai| yaha vyakti, samAja aura rASTravyApI divyatA ko zataguNita karane vAlA naitika paikeja hai| vizvabhara meM gatizIla vibhinna AMdolanoM se isakA lakSya, svarUpa, prakriyA sarvathA viziSTa hai| isakI cuMbakIya AkarSaNa zakti kA sabUta hai-AMdolana ke zrIgaNeza ke sAtha prathama AhvAna para ikahattara (71) vyaktiyoM dvArA 'aNuvrata AcAra-saMhitA' ke niyamoM kA sviikrnn| aNuvratiyoM kI Adima saMkhyA ne sabako Azcarya cakita kiyaa| Aja isake ArAdhaka, anupAlaka sadasyoM kI saMkhyA lAkhoM ke pAra hai| vimarthya AMdolana svarNa jayaMtI ko manAkara ke bhI vartamAna pariprekSya meM sAmayikatA barakarAra rakhe hue hai| isameM atyAdhunika jaTila, vidhvaMsakArI pravRttiyoM evaM vizvavyApI AtaMkavAda ke khilApha ahiMsaka krAMti kA siMhanAda kara samAdhAna kI nUtana dizodghATana kA mAdA hai| AMdolana ke pravartaka AcArya tulasI hai para isake darzanapakSa ke prANa pratiSThApaka banane kA zreya mahAyogI AcArya mahAprajJa ko milaa| jinhoMne AMdolana kI samagra prastuti meM apanI prAjJazakti kA niyojana kara samayocita vistAra diyaa| sApekSa dRSTi se aNuvrata AMdolana ko mahAprajJa ke ahiMsaka vicAra vithI meM saMyojita kiyA gayA hai| AMdolana kI pRSThabhUmi badalate pariveza meM prAcya mUlyoM kA samAveza vakta kI pukAra hai| naitikatA, jo AdhyAtmikatA kA samAjIkRta rUpa hai, kA svataMtra mUlya hai| vaha sahaja apekSita hai| jabaki manuSya kA ciMtana arthavAdI aura mana suvidhAvAdI banatA hai, taba naitikatA kA AMdolana jarUrI ho jAtA hai aura caritra-vikAsa sApekSa ho jAtA hai| 288 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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saba kucha bAhara se AyAta kiyA jA sakatA hai para cAritra kA AyAta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake lie vyakti-vyakti ko apane jIvana meM choTe-choTe cAritrika mUlyoM kI AvazyakatA haiN| choTI-choTI bAtoM ke sudhAra ke binA hama bar3e kAryoM ko nahIM kara skte| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki naitikatA kI alakha naye sire se jagAI jaaye| UhApoha huaa| 'samUce vizva ko sudhArane meM bar3e avatAra bhI samartha nahIM hue haiM aura kartavya-niSThA merI bhI kama nahIM hai, phira caritra vikAsa kI preraNA maiM (tulasI) kyoM na duuN|'32 bhAvoM ke sphuliMga AMdolana ke setu bneN| ___aNuvrata zAstA kA pAdaviharaNa jIvana vrata thaa| ekadA rAjasthAna ke sImAvartI gA~voM meM unhoMne logoM se pUchA-'bhAI, tumhAre yahAM khetI kaisI hotI hai?' uttara milA-'bAbA! acchI hotI hai|' phira tumhAre kapar3e phaTe aura makAna TUTe kyoM? eka sAtha kaI bola par3e-'bAbA! hameM to mosara (mRtyu ke upalakSa meM vRhad bhoja) khA jAtA hai| usameM do-tIna-cAra hajAra rUpaye laga jAte haiN|' jijJAsu bhAva se pUchA- 'kyA vaha karanA jarUrI hai?' 'hAM, bAbA! vaha to karanA hI par3atA hai| koI na kare to loga kahate haiM- yaha to ghara baiThe roTI khA rahA hai aura isakA dAdA masAna meM par3A sar3a rahA hai| aura bhI na jAne kyA-kyA kahA jAtA hai| aise anekazaH prasaMgoM ne anuzAstA ke hRdaya ko dravita kiyaa| apanI sImA meM rahate hue kucha vyApaka karane kI cAha jgii| dUsarI ora deza kI AjAdI ke sAtha meM naitika-cAritrika utthAna kI anivAryatA mukhara ho utthii| maulika samasyAoM kA AvaraNa haTane lagA, ve kramazaH ubharane lgii| jAtivAda, aspRzyatA, sAmpradAyikatA, amIrI, garIbI, mahaMgAI aura bhikhamaMgI ye hindustAna kI maulika samasyAe~ haiN| anuzAsana hInatA, padalipsA, mahattvAkA~kSA, prAntIyatA aura bhASAI vivAda ye svataMtratA ke bAda upajI huI samasyAe~ haiN| vibhinna samasyAoM ke palate sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rASTrIya sabhI kSetroM meM asaMtoSa vyApta thaa| bhraSTAcAra kA bolabAlA aura naitika mUlyoM kA hrAsa ho rahA thA, ataH aise AMdolana kI AvazyakatA thI jo rAjanaitika svArthoM se uparata prazasta jana-jAgaraNa ko janma de| naitika-mUlyoM ke girate grApha ko roka ske| inhIM apekSAoM ke bIca aNuvrata AMdolana astitva meM aayaa| virAT lakSya tuccha svArtha sImita dAyare se uparata aNuvrata AMdolana kA virAT lakSya hai-jAti, varNa, sampradAya, deza, raMga, liMga bhASA ke bheda-bhAva se mukta manuSya mAtra ko Atma saMyama kI ora prerita krnaa| zoSaNa vihIna svastha samAja kI saMracanA krnaa| vaiyaktika, kauTumbika, sAmAjika tathA rASTrIya-aMtarrASTrIya jIvana meM naitikatA aura ImAnadArI pratiSThita krnaa| anIti, anAcaraNa aura aprAmANikatA se jarjarita loka jIvana meM sadAcaraNa evaM prAmANikatA kA saMcAra krnaa| vyaktizaH aura sAmUha cetanA meM ahiMsA aura saMyama ke saMskAra bhrnaa| yaha mAnava meM mAnavIya guNoM kA saMcAra kara use saccA iMsAna banAnA cAhatA haiN| aNuvrata samAja ke pratyeka varga meM vyApta burAiyoM ko miTAkara use svastha banAnA cAhatA hai| AMdolana ke uddezya bAbata anuzAstA ke labja haiM- 'ahiMsA ko Adarza mAnakara calane vAlA carama ahiMsA taka na pahu~ca sake, phira bhI nIti-bhraSTa nahIM hotaa| isa uddezya se aNuvrata AMdolana calAyA gyaa| pavitratA kI AkhirI maMjila ko koI mAne yA na mAne, vahA~ taka pahu~cane kA prayatna kare yA na kare kintu pavitratA kI pahalI maMjila sabake lie samAna hai|...annuvrt kI sAdhanA jIvana pavitratA ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa | 289

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kI pahalI maMjila hai, para usakI dRSTi vahIM taka sImita nahIM hai, vaha aura Age bar3hatI hai| anyAya, asatya, hiMsA, utpIr3ana aura zoSaNa Adi anucita sAdhanoM ke dvArA padArtha-saMgraha na karane kI bAta pavitratA kA pahalA caraNa hai| isa saMdarbha meM spaSTa dRSTi hai-sukha-suvidhA pAne ke sAdhana doSapUrNa na ho, kabhI na ho, kisI bhI sthiti meM na ho| mahAprajJa kI yaha mImAMsA aNuvrata ke lakSya ko ujAgara karatI hai| vyakti sudhAra se rASTra sudhAra kA lakSya maulika hai| vizva sudhAra, rASTra sudhAra, samAja sudhAra kI kalpanA vyakti sudhAra para kI gaI hai| aNuvrata AMdolana vyakti sudhAra ke dvArA vizvazAMti kI parikalpanA karatA hai| AMdolana ke tahat 'sudhare vyakti, samAja vyakti se, rASTra svayaM sudharegA' mukharita huaa| isakA lakSya-anIti, anAcaraNa aura aprAmANikatA se jarjarita loka jIvana meM nIti, sadAcaraNa tathA prAmANikatA kA saMcAra karanA hai| jana-jIvana meM adhikAdhika ahiMsA, aparigraha, saMtoSa evaM saMyama kI cetanA jAgata kara antahIna bhogecchA para niyaMtraNa kara samasyA ke sahI samAdhAna va ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI prakriyA prastuta karanA hai| aitihAsika saMdarbha 'aNuvrata eka traikAlika saccAI hai| atIta meM bhI naitikatA kI jarUrata rahI thI, vartamAna meM bhI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rhegii| isake binA koI bhI samAja sukha aura zAMti ke sAtha nahIM jI sakatA, abhaya hokara nahIM jI sktaa|' mahAprajJa ke kathana ko aitihAsika saMdarbha meM dekheM to bhAratIya saMskRti meM vrata kI gauravazAlI paraMparA rahI hai| gItA kA 'aNumapi vratasya trAyate mahato bhayAt' isakA sAkSI hai| vrata kA artha hai-kisI kArya ko karane yA na karane kA mAnasika nirnny| vrata icchA kA svecchAkRta niyamana hai| aNuvrata zAstA ne batAyA 'aNuvrata AMdolana kI AtmA yoga-tyAga yA saMyama hai| isalie yaha AdhyAtmika hai| bhArata kA mAnasa cirakAla se AdhyAtmika rahA hai| bhAratIya loga jo zAntipriya haiM, usakA kAraNa unakI AdhyAtmika paraMparA hai|' isa gauravamayI paraMparA ko Adhunika pariveza meM prastuta kiyA gyaa| bhAratIya saMskati tyAga pradhAna rahI hai| tyAga nakArAtmaka hotA hai| sApekSa dRSTi meM niSedha vyApaka mAnA gayA hai aura karma ke sAtha anAsakti kA bhAva jor3A gayA hai| dUsaroM ko na satAnA, saMgraha na krnaa| nakAra kI sImA jIvana-nirvAha meM bAdhaka nahIM banatI aura burAiyoM se bhI bacAva ho jAtA hai|......aatmaa ko yAnI svayaM ko balavAn banAne ke lie tyAga kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa mahattvapUrNa hai| itihAsa ke svarNima pRSThoM para ise AMkA jA sakatA hai| svarUpa vimarza kisI bhI AMdolana kI mahAnatA usake svarUpa para nirbhara karatI hai| svarUpa saMyojanA usakI virATtA kA AinA hai, jisameM saphalatA-asaphalatA ko jhA~kA jA sakatA hai| vimarthya ghaTaka kA sarala svarUpa hai-aNuvrata, arthAt choTe-choTe niym| vrata manuSya ko saMtApa se bacAtA hai| vrata kisI vyakti vizeSa kI bapautI nahIM hai| isa para sabhI kA samAna adhikAra hai| sAmAnyataH vrata ko saMkalpa bhI kahA jAtA hai para tatvataH saMkalpa vrata se bahuta nIce kI sthiti hai| vrata kA alaukika svarUpa hai| 290 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vartamAna kA sArA pravAha sirpha dhana kI ora hai| jaise bhI ho dhana arjita kareM, yaha AdamI kA ekamAtra lakSya ho gayA hai| isa pravAha ko, isa ciMtana ko mor3ane kA upAya sirpha vrata hai| choTe-choTe vrata, jinase ciMtana kI dhArA badalatI hai, jo jIvana meM sakArAtmaka parivartana lAte hai| parivartana kA yaha viziSTa upakrama kisI dharma-vizeSa se jur3A huA nahIM hai balki saba dharmoM kA samanvita rUpa hai| kyoMki vrata sabhI Astika dharmoM kA Atmatatva hai| vrata ke maulika vibhAga pA~ca hai| zeSa saba usakI vyAkhyAe~ haiN| pA~coM meM bhI mUlabhUta vrata eka ahiMsA hai| satya Adi usI ke pahalU haiN|' prastuta AMdolana kA Agraha kevala naitikatA ke AcaraNa se hai| dhArmika AsthA kA koI pratibaMdha nhiiN| yaha bhAvanA mUlaka vrata kA AMdolana hai| aNuvrata AMdolana AcAra-zuddhi aura vyavahAra zuddhi kA AMdolana hai| dUsare ke prati hamArA vyavahAra krUratA se mukta ho| aisA hone se hI 'mAnavAdhikAra Ayoga' kA kArya sugama hogaa| aNuvrata mAnava dharma kA saMpoSaka hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA-'na mAnuSAt zreSThataraM hi kiciMt' isa duniyA meM manuSya se zreSTha koI nahIM hai| isa AdhAra para dharma kA eka nAma bana gayA-mAnava dharma / mAnava ke sAtha dhokhAdhar3I mata karo, lUTa-khasoTa mata karo, aprAmANikatA mata kro| use mata staao| yaha mAnava dharma kA svarUpa bana gyaa| dharma kA dUsarA svara hai-prANI mAtra ke sAtha samatA kA vyavahAra kro| ye donoM dhArAe~ udghoSita hotI rahI haiM kintu AcaraNa zAyada donoM kA hI nahIM ho rahA hai| na prANI ke prati samatA kA AcaraNa ho rahA hai aura na mAnava ke prti| yaha sArvabhauma dharma jIvana ke vyavahAra meM nahIM utara rahA hai| aNuvrata AMdolana kA prayatna sArvabhauma dharma ko vyavahAra meM avatarita karane kA hai| isake lie eka mAnavIya AcAra saMhitA* prastuta kI gaI hai| aNuvrata ke nidezaka tattva isake virAT svarUpa ke sAkSIbhUta haiN| ve nimna haiM. dUsaroM ke astitva ke prati sNvednshiiltaa| * mAnavIya ektaa| . saha-astitva kI bhaavnaa| . sAmpradAyika sdbhaav| . ahiMsAtmaka prtirodh| . vyaktigata saMgraha aura bhogopabhoga kI siimaa| . vyavahAra meM praamaanniktaa| * sAdhana-zuddhi kI aasthaa| * abhaya, taTasthatA aura satya nisstthaa| ina tattvoM kI saMyojanA se spaSTa hai ki aNuvrata sArvabhauma dharma kA vyAvahArika rUpa hai| AMdolana ke svarUpa ko vibhinna AyAmoM se vyApakatA pradAna kI gii| aNuvrata kA udghoSa bhogavAdI athavA padArthavAdI dRSTikoNa kA pariSkAra naitikatA kI mUla ikAI hai| ise prAyogika stara para pratiSThita karane kI AkAMkSA se aNuvrata AMdolana ne ghoSa diyA-'saMyamaH khalu jIvanam-saMyama hI * pariziSTa : 4 ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 291

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jIvana hai|' saMyama kA artha hai-vRtiyoM kA niyamana, vANI, mana, Adi kA niyNtrnn| yaha eka sImA karatA hai, vyavasthA detA hai| isa saMyamAtmaka sImA yA vyavasthA kA svIkaraNa hI isakI prakRti hai| AcArya mahAprajJa kI bhASA meM isa ghoSa ko agara Aja sabhI apane jIvana-nirmANa kA sUtra banA leM to usakA kalyANa to hogA hI, samAja aura rASTra kA bhI bahuta bhalA hogaa| jahA~ asaMyama hai, vahA~ bhaya hai aura jahA~ saMyama hai, vahA~ abhaya aura zAMti hai| saMyama AdhyAtmika tattva hai| naitika mUlyoM ke vikAsa hetu usakI anivAryatA hai| samAja meM jaba taka saMyama kA mUlyAMkana nahIM hogaa| naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa bhI praznAyika banA rhegaa| spaSTa zabdoM meM mahAprajJa ne batAyA-bhraSTAcAra kI samasyA ko kevala kAnUna, pravacana aura upadeza ke dvArA nahIM salajhAyA jA sktaa| usake lie Avazyaka hai saMyama kI cetanA ko jAgRta karane kA prshikssnn| mUlya AdhArita zikSA kA kendrIya tattva hai sNym| usakA prazikSaNa hI mUlyoM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| samAja ke caritrabala kA artha hai-naitika mUlyoM kA vikaas| usakA pramukha sAdhana hai sNym| vartamAna sthiti meM saMyama kA mUlya bhI kama nahIM hai| upabhoga sAmagrI bhI sImita hai| AbAdI bar3ha rahIM hai| saMtulana bigar3a rahA hai| yadi samRddha aura samartha loga upabhoga sAmagrI kA upabhoga kama kareM to saMtulana sthApita ho sakatA hai| vaha saMtulana sAmUhika manobala ko bar3hAne meM sahayogI bana sakatA hai| tathyataH aNuvrata ke ghoSa ne jana-cetanA ko jagAne meM ahaM bhUmikA nibhAI hai| vyApaka kArya prastuta AMdolana ne jana-jAgRti mUlaka sAmAjika utthAna ke sArthaka prayatna kiye haiN| binA unako jAne aNuvrata kI carcA adhUrI rhegii| pUrNatA kI kar3I meM katipaya tathyoM kA vimarza prAsaMgika bujhAtA hai| padyAtrA muni kA jIvana vrata hai yaatraa| jaba yAtrA ke sAtha virAT kArya kI saMyojanA jur3a jAtI hai to vaha 'tinnANaM tArayANaM' ko sAkAra karatI hai, jo sAdhu kA vizeSaNa hai| aNuvrata anuzAstA ne AMdolana ke vyApaka prasAra kI mAnasikatA se pralamba yAtrApatha kA cayana kiyaa| ise puSTa karatA hai yaha carcA prasaMga-DaoN. rAjendra prasAda ne apane do ghaMTe ke vArtAlApa ke daurAna AcArya tulasI se nivedana kiyA-'Aja deza meM satya aura ahiMsA ke pracAra kI bahuta bar3I AvazyakatA hai| zAMti kI sAre saMsAra ko AvazyakatA hai|' isake bAbata AcArya tulasI kI virAT dRSTi thI-'maiM apane saMgha kI sArI zakti satya aura ahiMsA ke pracAra meM lagAnA cAhatA huuN| mujhe usa dina hArdika prasannatA hogI jisa dina janatA meM satya aura ahiMsA mUrtimAna bnegii| mere dillI Ane kA yahI uddezya hai|'' apane dillI pravAsa meM anuzAstA ne aNuvrata ke kSetra meM saghana kArya kiyA jisakI gUMja rASTrapati bhavana taka phuNcii| * jayapura se kAnapura aNuvrata zAstA kI utara pradeza yAtrA apane Apa meM aNuvrata yAtrA kA paryAya thii| gA~va-gA~va, nagara, Dagara aNuvrata AMdolana kI arthAtmA se paricita bneN| aNuvrata ke niyamoM ko logoM ne bar3e jijJAsu bhAva se grahaNa kiyaa| aneka loga prazna karate-'bar3A dhAma kahA~ hai? bAbA kahA~ se A rahe haiM? Apa kahA~ jA rahe haiM? kyoM jA rahe haiM?' Adi jijJAsAoM kA uttara hotA-'hama jayapura se A rahe haiM, kAnapura jAnA hai, dharma kA upadeza dete haiM, aNuvrata kA pracAra karate haiM, dhAma kahIM bhI 292 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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nahIM hai|' sabhI bAtoM para vizvAsa ho jAtA para 'dhAma kahIM nahIM' yaha gale nahIM utrtaa| para, yaha bhI akiMcana saMnyasta jIvana kI saccAI thii| jise dera-savera samajha hI jAte / paraMparA se anabhijJa loga aNuvrata praNetA ko bheMTa dene ke lie phala, phUlamAlA, gaMgAjala, zrIphala laate| yAtrA nAyaka kA uttara hotA- 'maiM bheMTa nahIM letaa|' ve nirAza hote / AcArya zrI kahate-'maiM bheMTa letA huuN|' taba ve prasanna ho jAte / anuzAstA vinoda meM kahate -'maiM bheMTa letA hU~, para inakI nahIM, kisI bar3I cIja kI letA huuN|' ve asamaMjasa meM par3a jAte / agalI bAta kahate- 'mujhe usa burAI kI bheMTa cAhie, jo Apako sabase adhika priya ho / " "mujhe na noTa cAhie, na voTa cAhie, na plaoNTa cAhie, mujhe to Apake jIvana kI khoTa caahie|' yaha AhvAna suna logoM kA soyA zaurya sihara uThatA aura mAMga khAlI nahIM jaatii| isa krama meM bheMTa svarUpa anekoM logoM, parivAroM ne mAdaka dravyoM kA tyAga kara saccI bheMTa saMtoM ke caraNoM meM dii| rAjasthAna se uttara pradeza kA yAtrA patha 650 mIla kA thaa| saikar3oM dehAtI, hajAroM grAmINa logoM se saMparka huaa| unake bIca aNuvrata kA trisUtrI kAryakrama dhUmrapAna varjana, madyapAna niSedha, milAvaTa-nirodha calA / " caraiveti-caraiveti-calate calo, calate calo-ko caritArtha karate hue aNuvrata zAstA audyogika vyAvasAyika nagarI kolakAtA pahu~ce / jana cetanA ko jhanajhanAte hue unhoMne kahA- 'maiM kalakatA dekhane nahIM AyA hU~, bhUmi yA artha kI yAcanA karane nahIM AyA hU~ / Apa logoM se burAiyoM kI bhikSA mAMgane AyA huuN|' janatA ne isa bhAvanA ko bar3e Azcarya ke sAtha sunaa| usa avasara para caritra - vikAsa hetu trisUtrI yojanA prastuta kI milAvaTa niSedha rizvata niSedha * * madya niSedha mahAnagara pravAsa ke daurAna 15 mArca 1960 ko mahAjAti sadana meM khAdyamaMtrI praphullacandra sena dvArA Ayojita kAryakrama meM zrI jayaprakAza nArAyaNa upasthita the / unhoMne baMgAla kI dharA se deza * vyApI naitika krAMti ke netRtva kA AhvAna aNuvrata maMca kI ora se kiyA / aNuvrata kI vicArakrAMti ke svara jana-jana ke kAnoM meM bana jAnA dharma kI kasauTI nahIM hai / usakI kasauTI hai dukAna meM gU~ja uThe - ' dharma sthAna meM jAkara pavitra baiThakara pavitra rahanA / aNuvrata zAstA dharma kI pratimA dharma sthAna se haTAkara dukAna (kAryAlaya) meM pratiSThita karane kA dizA-darzana diyA, yaha dharmakrAMti kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai / " yAtrA ke krama meM deza ke eka chora se dUsare chora - kazmIra se kanyAkumArI, kelavA se kolakAtA paryaMta pAda - viharaNa kara aNuvrata zAstA ne jana jAgRti kI alakha jagAI / aura svataMtra bhArata ke gaurava ko guNita kiyA / nArI jAgaraNa dharmakrAMti, jana jAgRti kI dizA meM gatizIla AMdolana kI pahu~ca AdhI duniyA kA pratinidhitva karane vAle nArI samAja ko kaise bekhabara chor3atA ? mamatA ke Agara kI kucha behUdI pahacAna krAMtadraSTA ko kahA~ ga~vAra thI? unhoMne pAyA sadiyoM se paristhiti kI pratAr3anA se pIr3ita nArI ko jaba taka jAgRta nahIM kiyA jAyegA naitika krAMti adhUrI hogI / pardA, azikSA aura rUr3hadhAraNAoM ne nArI ke satva ko dhUmila banA diyA / ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 293

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vizvabhara kA nArI samAja karavaTa le rahA hai yaha AMkar3o ke AdhAra para bahuta spaSTa ho gyaa| phira bhAratIya nArI kA jAgaraNa bAdhita kyoM? aNuvrata AMdolana ke tahat isa dizA meM gati ko utprerita kiyA gyaa| jisake sakArAtmaka pariNAma nikle| saiMkaDoM mahilA sammelana Ayojita he| unameM mahilAoM ko eka zreSTha prazikSaNa milaa| 18 disaMbara 1956 ko deza kI rAjadhAnI dillI meM AMcalika kAMgresa mahilA samAja kI ora se eka kAryakrama Ayojita huaa| anuzAstA ne use saMbodhita karate hue kahA-'eka strI ke badalane kA artha hai pUre parivAra kA jIvana-parivartana / strI vikAsa ke prati dhyAna denA vikAsa kI gati ko bala denA hai|' aNuvrata praNetA ne bahinoM ko tathya kI avagati dete hue batAyA-maiMne kucha logoM se pUchA- Apa vyApAra meM anaitika AcaraNa kyoM karate haiM? uttara milA-'hama kyA kareM, hameM striyA~ taMga karatI haiN| unakI phaizanebala kapar3oM aura gahanoM kI mAMga pUrI karane ke lie anaitika honA par3atA hai|' isa uttara meM bhale hI eka bahAnA ho para striyoM ke lie kyA yaha AtmA locana kA viSaya nahIM haiM? daheja prathA kyA nArI jAtI ke lie kalaMka nahIM haiM? isa prathA meM striyA~ sahabhAgI na baneM to yaha kalaMka apane Apa dhula jaae| ityAdi vibhinna saMketoM se nArI kI cetanA jAga utthii| aNuvrata AMdolana nArI jagat ke lie varadAna sAbita huaa| pardA-pariSkAra aNuvrata AMdolana kI sahakArI pravRtiyoM meM samAjavyApI kurUr3hiyoM ke khAtmeM kA AhvAna kiyA gyaa| nArI jAti se jur3A huA pardA kurUr3hi kA rUpa dhAraNa kara cukA yaha bahuta spaSTa thaa| isakA parimArjana jarUrI ho gyaa| bahinoM ke mAnasa ko jhanajhanAte hue anuzAstA ne kahA-'maiM isa vivAda meM nahIM par3atA ki Apa pardA rakheM yA na rkheN| yaha apanI-apanI icchA para nirbhara hai, para isake guNa-doSoM ko batAnA merA kAma hai|' pardA rakhane kA uddezya to lajjA kI surakSA hai, para lajjA to A~khoM meM rahatI hai| vibhinna sAmayika tathyoM ke sAtha maMthana calA-'eka ora aNuvrata-krAMti aura dUsarI ora yaha bahinoM kI kaida bahuta bar3I viSamatA hai| merI bhAvanA hai ki aba isa prathA ko jaldI samApta kiyA jaae|' yaha ciMtana kolakatA meM sakriya bnaa| pardAprathA ke unmUla meM aNuvrata kI sakriya bhUmikA rahI hai| anuzAstA ke hRdaya sparzI vicAra pardA nivAraNa meM yogabhUta bneN| unhoMne likhA- mujhe to bahinoM kA yaha pardA sacamuca vikAsa kA avarodhaka, kAyaratA kA poSaka aura saMkIrNatA kA paricAyaka lagatA hai| yaha ajJAna kA dyotaka hai| samAja kI bahineM jaba taka isa baMdhana se mukta nahIM hogI taba taka hamArA kAma adhUrA hai| hA~, yaha jarUrI hai ki eka gar3he se nikalakara dUsare meM giranA ucita nahIM hai| parde ko chor3akara vilAsa meM phaMsanA ThIka nahIM hai|' 46 isa prakAra ke krAMtikArI vicAroM se aNuvrata kI rAheM niSkaMTaka banatI gii| pardAphAsa ho gyaa| nayA-mor3a vyApaka janasaMparka se aNuvrata AMdolana ke kAryoM meM vistAra vyaapaa| yaha spaSTa ho gayA ki lokajIvana rUr3hiyoM se itanA jakar3A huA hai ki koI sAmAnya svara use nahIM badala sktaa| tAtkAlIna 294 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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samAja nayA mor3a le, isa para vicAra-vimarza kiyA gyaa| rUr3hiyoM se cipakA koI bhI samAja ramaNIya nahIM ho sktaa| rUr3hi koI burAI nahIM hai| para vaha rUr3hi, jisakI upayogitA samApta ho jAe, burAI bana jAtI hai| samAja meM aisI aneka rUr3hiyA~ haiM, unake calate caritra-vikAsa saMbhava nhiiN| hai ki samAja nayA mor3a le|" vimarza pUrvaka rUr3hi unmUlana hetu 'nayA-mor3a' kA kAryakrama diyaa| mevAr3a kI aitihAsika dharA naucaukI-rAjasamaMda kI bhUmi se isa abhiyAna ko vidhivata kAryakArI banAyA gyaa| jisameM vizeSa rUpa se pardA, mRtyubhoja, prathArUpa se ronA, vidhavAoM ke kAle vastra aura unakA tiraskAra, vivAha Adi prasaMgoM para hone vAle vRhat bhoja, daheja, ThaharAva aura pradarzana, tapasyA ke upalakSa meM hone vAle ADambara Adi viSayoM para eka samAjavyApI abhiyAna calAyA gyaa| usameM kuprathAoM se hone vAlI tathA dhArmika jIvana meM utpanna hone vAlI samasyAoM ke prati dhyAna AkarSita kiyA gyaa| isa kAryakrama ke AzAtIta pariNAma aaye| isakA agalA caraNa hai- 'jaina saMskAra vidhi', jo janma, vivAha, mRtyu, Adi ke prasaMga para mahatvapUrNa kAma kara rahI hai| aNuvrata AMdolana ke racanAtmaka kAryoM kI eka lambI sUcI hai| unameM se mahattvapUrNa pahaluoM ko hI vimarza kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| jAtivAda kA unmUlana aNuvrata AMdolana ke dharmacakra ne bhAratIya jana-mAnasa meM jakar3I jAtivAda kI ber3iyoM ko tor3ane kA sArthaka prayatna kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA udghoSa-'ekkA maNussajAi' manuSya jAti eka hai| yaha punarpratiSThA kI rAha para upekSita banA krAMti kI bATa jo rahA thaa| sahasA aNuvrata AMdolana kA dhyAna usa ora ttikaa| anuzAstA svayaM harijanoM kI bastiyoM meM gae aura sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko bhejaa| harijana bandhu pravacana paMDAla meM Ane lge| unake sammelana kiye gaye, jisameM hajAroM harijanoM ne bhAga liyaa| isa kArya meM samAja kA virodha bhI sahanA pdd'aa| - harijanoM ke saMskAra nirmANa ke aneka prayatna kiye gye| isa pravRti ko vikAsazIla banAne hetu 'bhAratIya saMskAra nirmANa samiti' gaThita kI gii| usake mAdhyama se aneka harijanoM ke zivira Ayojita hue| unameM AhAra-zuddhi, vyasana-mukti, hIna bhAvanA kA parityAga Adi viSayoM kA prazikSaNa diyA gyaa| jAtivAda kI atAttvikatA ko Ama janatA ke gale utArane kI AkAMkSA se aNuvrata zAstA ne svayaM zUdroM ke gharoM meM bhikSA grahaNa kii| jAta-pA~ta ke AdhAra para svayaM ko nimna mAnane vAle logoM kI cetanA ko jagAte hue aNuvrata ke maMca se AvAja uThAI-'ApameM jo svayaM ko hIna samajhane kI bhAvanA ghara kara gaI, yahI Apake lie abhizApa hai| jahA~ eka manuSya dUsare manuSya ke lie aspRzya yA ghRNA kA pAtra mAnA jAye, vahA~ mAnavatA kA nAza hai| Apa apanI AdatoM ko bdleN| madya mAMsa Adi burI vRttiyoM ko chor3a deN| jIvana meM sAtvikatA laayeN| phira ApakI pAvana vRttiyoM ko koI bhI patita yA dalita kahane kA dussAhasa nahIM kregaa|' utthAna kI abhipsA se unheM yaha bhI batAyA gayA-'chuAchUta kI dhAraNA mAnasika hiMsA hai| yaha hiMsA Aja samAja kA vighaTana kara rahI hai| isa vighaTanakArI tattva ko samApta karanA bahuta jarUrI hai| yaha mujhe jAnakara ati Azcarya huA ki harijanoM meM bhI Apasa meM chuAchUta cala rahA hai| jaba ApakI isa bImArI se pIr3ita haiM, taba hama dUsaroM se kyA kaheM? Apa isa dhAraNA ko apane mana se nikaaleN| isa mithyA dhAraNA ko chor3akara hI Apa bar3e bana sakate haiN| apanA bar3appana ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 295

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apane hAtha hai| Apa kisI ko choTA nahIM mAnate haiM to Apa svayaM hI bar3e bana jAte haiN| 48 isa prakAra saghana prayatna harijanotthAna kI dizA meM saMpAdita hue / rASTrIya ekatA kI dRSTi se AcArya mahAprajJa kahate haiM 'vartamAna yuga meM rASTrIya hita ke lie jitanA sahAyaka aNuvrata AMdolana ho sakatA hai utanA zAyada dUsarA hameM khojanA hogA / aNuvrata kA niyama hai, maiM jAti ke AdhAra para kisI ko U~cA- nIcA nahIM mAnUMgA, sampradAya ke AdhAra para kisI se ghRNA nahIM karU~gA, kisI ko nIcA dikhAne kA prayatna nahIM karU~gA, kisI kI AlocanA nahIM kruuNgaa|' jaba taka hamAre jIvana meM ye mUlabhUta bAteM nahIM AtI, taba taka hama ekatA kI bAta soca bhI nahIM skte|" ityAdi maulika vicAroM ke Aloka meM aNuvrata AMdolana kI sakriya bhUmikA dekhI jA sakatI hai / cAra pramukha AyAma aNuvrata AMdolana ke samagra kArya-kalApoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM guMphita kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. racanAtmaka 2. AMdolanAtmaka 3. saMgaThanAtmaka 4. pracArAtmaka | AMdolana kI racanAtmaka pravRttiyoM meM rAga-dveSa, bhaya, durvyasana mukta, naitika mUlyoM ko jIvana meM apanAne vAlA tathA ahiMsaka samAja-saMracanA ke lie prayatnazIla aNuvratI kAryakartAoM kA nirmANa mukhya hai 1 AndolanAtmaka pahalU se yaha Andolana bhrUNahatyA, daheja prathA, bAla-vivAha, mRtyubhoja, aspRzyatA, jAtivAda sAmAjika kurItiyoM ke unmUlana ke lie nayA mor3a jaise kAryakrama calAtA hai / vizeSa rUpa se athArta mApa-taula, milAvaTa, rizvata, mAdaka dravyoM ke sevana ke viruddha AvAja uThAtA hai, janamata kA nirmANa karatA hai / daheja prathA unmUlana ke lie prastuta AMdolana prayatnazIla hai / apanI sabhAoM meM mahAprajJa bebAka kahate-bahue~ kyoM jala rahI hai ? yaha eka jvalaMta prazna hai / suvidhAvAda, binA parizrama baTorane kI manovRti, pradarzana aura bar3appana- ye bar3I-bar3I ghATiyA~ hai jo samAdhAna ke ror3e hai / jo loga zrama se jI curAte hai, athavA Arthika abhAva kA jIvana jI rahe haiM ve daheja meM samAdhAna khojate haiN| moTara sAIkila, skUTara, kAra, reDiyo TrAMjisTara, TI. vI., rephrijareTara Adi kI pUrti daheja meM ho, isa dhAraNA ne padArtha kA mUlya baDhA diyA aura vivAhita yuvatI kA avamUlyana kara diyaa| prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI daheja kI vyavasthA pahale svAbhAvika thI, aba yaha bahuta vikRta bana gaI hai| aNuvrata AMdolana meM daheja kI vikRti miTAne ke lie do upAya sujhAe gae haiM- * daheja ke lie ThaharAva na karanA / * daheja kA pradarzana na krnaa| ina do upAyoM ko vistAra deM to kucha saMbhAvanAoM ke bAre meM socA jA sakatA hai| daheja kA nirdhAraNa vivAha se pUrva ho ciMtana kA pahalA biMdu hai- vivAha ke sAtha daheja kA saMbaMdha na rahe, ciMtana kA dUsarA biMdu hai- vivAha ke avasara para dene kI prathA ko samApta kiyA jaae| isa hetu eka vivAha - kakSa kA niyojana aNuvrata samiti ke aMtargata bane / usa kakSa kA kAma hogA - janatA se saMparka, aNuvrata ke saMkalpoM ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAnA aura vivAha ko daheja ke dAnava se mukta krnaa| samAdhAna kI sabase bar3I kaThinAI unakI dRSTi meM yaha hai ki mahilAeM svayaM mahilAoM ko pratAr3ita karatI haiM / yadi sAsa badala jAe to bahuoM kA jalanA baMda ho jaae| aNuvrata samiti ke 296 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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vivAha kakSa kA saMcAlana mahilAeM kareM aura daheja-prathA ke unmUlana meM mahilAeM Age AeM to kArya ko gati-vega mila sakatA hai| vyApaka stara para ina vicAroM ko pratiSThita karane kI apekSA hai| samAja meM vyApta eka aura burAI jo naze ke rUpa meM apanI jar3eM jamA rahI hai| yuvAvarga isakI giraphta meM A rahA hai| paraspara ke saMbaMdhoM meM A rahI kaTutA, talAka aura AparAdhika kRtya ke pIche eka bar3A kAraNa zarAba bhI hai| parivAroM ko tabAha aura barbAda karane meM isakI pramukha bhUmikA hotI hai| aNuvrata kI carcA ke uparAMta AcArya mahAprajJa se eka bahana ne apane zarAbI pati kI dAstAna sunAte hue batAyA-'jaba taka mere pAsa gahane the, unheM becakara pati kI AvazyakatA pUrI karatI rhii| gahane samApta ho gae to pIhara se udhAra lekara kAma calAtI rhii| aba mere lie kahIM se koI sahArA nahIM hai| pati se isI taraha mAra khAtI rahI to jaldI hI apaMga ho jaauuNgii| merA jIvana naraka bana gayA hai|' zarAba ke naze meM saba kucha saMbhava hai kyoMki zarAba se viveka cetanA pUrI taraha naSTa ho jAtI hai| isa TippaNI ke sAtha mahAprajJa ne yaha bhI batAyA ki garIbI, abhAva aura duHkha-ye AdamI ko zarAba jaisI burAI kI ora dhakela dete hai| prazna hai isa burAI se kaise bacAva kiyA jAe? aNuvrata AMdolana ne isa dizA meM vyApaka prayatna kiye haiN| ekAMkI aura nukkar3a nATakIya lahaje se hajAroMhajAroM logoM ke diloM meM vyasana mukta jIvana jIne kI na kevala cAha jagAI apitu jIvana bhara ke lie vyasana mukta rahane ko saMkalpita banAyA hai| preraNA pAkara lAkhoM logoM ne apane ko vyasana mukta banAyA hai| apekSA hai isa abhiyAna ko aura adhika zaktizAlI banAyA jaaye| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba Ama janatA isase judd'eN| saMgaThanAtmaka pahalU se dekhA jAye to saiMkar3oM kSetroM meM aNuvrata samitiyoM kA gaThana huA hai| ye samitiyA~ paraspara matabheda ko sulaha dekara samApta karatI hai sAtha hI racanAtmaka, vikAsAtmaka kAryakrama bhI sthAnIya logoM ke hitArtha saMpAdita karatI hai| ___pracArAtmaka rUpa se yaha una logoM ko dizA bodha dene kA kAma kara rahA hai jinake sAmane koI lakSya aura sahI dizA nahIM hai| isakI mahattvapUrNa kar3iyA~ haiM-aNuvrata patrikA, aNuvrata vicAra pariSad, aNuvrata zikSaka pariSad, aNuvrata vAhinI, aNuvrata bhAratI Adi / naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA hetu samayasamaya para aNuvrata yAtrAeM saMpAdita huI haiN| aNuvrata anuzAstA zrI tulasI ne 1957 meM jayapura se kAnapura (uttara pradeza) evaM pharavarI-mArca 1995 meM dillI se lADanUM taka kI aNuvrata yAtrA kii| yAtrA ke daurAna hajAroM-hajAroM logoM ko aNuvrata kA saMdeza milA ve vyasana mukta bneN| aNuvratI banane kI arhatA aNuvratI kI guNavattA hI AMdolana kI zakti hai ataH usakA svarUpa vimarza prAsaMgika hogaa| mAnavIya ekatA aura saha-astitva usakA hRdaya hai| jisa vyakti kA mAnavIya ekatA meM vizvAsa nahIM hai, saha astitva meM vizvAsa nahIM hai, mAnavIya samAnatA meM vizvAsa nahIM hai, vaha aNuvratI nahIM ho sktaa| prazna upasthita huA AtmA, paramAtmA, punarjanma aura dharma ko nahIM mAnane vAlA aNuvratI ho sakatA hai? anuzAstA kA uttara thA 'kyoM nahIM bana sakatA?' yadi mAnavIya ekatA, samAnatA aura saha-astitva meM jisakI AsthA hai vaha aNuvratI ho sakatA hai| vaha dharma ko mAne yA na mAne, upAsanA yA pUjApaddhati kare yA na kre| ye usake vyaktigata AsthA ke prazna haiN| aNuvrata kI AdhAra bhitti hai-mAnavatA meM aasthaa| isake prati AsthAvAn koI bhI vyakti aNuvratI bana sakatA hai| aNuvratI banane ke ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 297

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lie jainI honA anivArya nahIM hai| jaina paramparA kI bhAvanA ke anusAra aNuvratI vaha bana sakatA hai jo samyak dRSTivAlA ho| isIlie aNuvratoM ko samyakatvamUlaka kahA gayA hai| isa AMdolana meM yaha bhAvanA nahIM hai ki jaina dRSTi ko svIkAra karane vAlA hI aNuvratI bne| isake samyak darzana kI paribhASA hai- ahiMsAniSTa dRSTi / aNuvratI vaha bana sakatA hai jisakI ahiMsA meM niSThA ho / yaha AMdolana saba dharmoM ko ahiMsA meM kendrita karatA hai| ahiMsAvAdiyoM kA sArvajanika maMca hai / ahiMsAniSTha koI bhI vyakti ise aMgIkAra kara sakatA hai / ahiMsaka kI kasauTI usakA vyavahAra hai / mahAprajJa kahate haiM- vrata nahIM dikhate, vratI kA vyavahAra dIkhatA hai| jo krUra nahIM hai, ucita mAtrA se adhika saMgraha nahIM karatA hai, apane par3ausI yA sambandhita vyakti se anucita vyavahAra nahIM karatA hai, apane svArtha ko adhika mahattva nahIM detA hai, apanI sukha-suvidhA aura pratiSThA ke lie dUsaroM kI hInatA nahIM cAhatA hai, dUsaroM ke buddhi-daurbala, vivazatA se anucita lAbha nahIM uThAtA hai - naitikatA kA mUlyAMkana karate hue apane Apa para niyantraNa rakhatA hai / ye vRttiyAM hI aNuvratI hone kA svayaMbhU pramANa hai / " jo ciMtanazIla AdamI hai, apane jIvana ko sukhI aura zAMta banAnA cAhatA hai, saMtoSa kA jIvana jIne kA AkAMkSI hai, use aNuvratI bananA hI hogA / aNuvratI hamezA saccAI ko sAmane lekara calatA hai| aNuvratI kA naitika vyavahAra hI AMdolana kI saphalatA kA pratIka hai| aNuvrata kI anugU~ja aNuvrata AMdolana garIba kI jhopar3I se lekara rASTrapati bhavana taka pahu~cA / AMdolana ke sakArAtmaka pariNAma ke saMbaMdha meM zIrSa vyaktiyoM ke vicAroM kI jhalaka mAtra paryApta hai / DaoN. rAjendra prasAda ne kahA- 'aNuvrata Andolana kA uddezya naitika jAgaraNa aura jana-sAdhAraNa ko sanmArga kI ora prerita karanA hai / ' DaoN. esa. rAdhAkRSNan kI TippaNI thI- 'isa samaya hamAre deza meM aNuvrata Andolana hI eka aisA Andolana hai, jo janatA ke Atma bala ko jagA rahA hai|' spaSTa hai rAjanIti se jur3e logoM ne bhI ise smjhaa| AMdolana ke viSaya meM paM. javAhara lAla neharU kA abhimata thA - hameM apane deza kA makAna banAnA hai to usakI buniyAda gaharI honI cAhie / ..... gaharI buniyAda caritra kI hotI hai / deza meM bar3e-bar3e kAma karane haiN| usake lie majabUta dila, dimAga aura apane ko kAbU meM rakhane kI zakti caahie| ye bAteM hameM sIkhanI hai| ina sabakI buniyAda caritra hai kitanA acchA kAma aNuvrata Andolana meM ho rahA hai| isa AMdolana se zrImatI indirA gAMdhI bhI prabhAvita thI, usane kahA- 'aNuvrata Andolana Aja kA nahIM hai, yaha varSoM se calAyA jA rahA hai / yaha kahatA hai hamArA cAritra unnata ho / deza ke loga caritravAna bneN| hameM deza ko mahAn banAnA hai / mahAn banAne ke lie caritravAn nAgarika caahie| caritravAn nAgarika vaha hotA hai jisameM ekatA kI bhAvanA ho, jisameM Atma saMyama / bar3I saMkhyA meM buddhijIviyoM evaM zraddhAzIla vyaktiyoM ne isa AMdolana ko yuga kI apekSA batalAyA / Aja pUrI duniyA meM anaitikatA kA koharA chAyA hai| mUlyoM kA tejI se patana ho rahA hai / ImAnadArI, vizvAsa aura maitrI kI aneka paramparAeM TUTatI jA rahI haiM / isa naitika divAliyepana para aMkuza lage, jana jIvana meM satya - niSThA aura ImAnadArI kA samAveza ho isa dizA meM aNuvrata AMdolana satat prayatnazIla hai| hAla hI meM aNuvratazAstA AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA yAtrA meM jana-jana kI naitika cetanA jagAne ke vyApaka upakrama kiye haiN| isa daurAna unakA anubhava rahA-ahiMsA yAtrA meM hamane jana samasyAoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA to pAyA ki saba jagaha eka hI vibhISikA hai- bhraSTAcAra 298 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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aura anaitikatA kI, aparAdha aura hiMsA kI / eka hI savAla hara ora se AtA hai ki isakA samAdhAna kyA hai? samAdhAna sirpha aNuvrata hai / yugAnurUpa isa AMdolana ke kAryoM ko vistAra diyA gayA hai| aNuvrata zAstA mahAprajJa ke zabdoM - vrata kA kArya vyApaka ho gyaa| anya sAre kAryakrama aNuvrata ke pUraka bana gae haiN| sAre kAryakrama aNuvrata ke sAtha hI cala rahe haiM / saba usI ke pallava haiM, usI kI zAkhAeM, prazAkhAeM haiN| prekSAdhyAna, jIvana vijJAna, ahiMsA samavAya, ahiMsA prazikSaNa saba usI ke pariNAma hai| sUrata spiricuala Diklerezana aura usake AdhAra para banA saMgaThana phyUreka, jisake sAtha rASTrapatijI aura deza ke bar3e-bar3e dharmaguru jur3e hue haiM, usakA eka vyApaka rUpa banA hai| 55 aNuvrata AMdolana kA dRSTikoNa kevala bhArata taka hI sImita nahIM hai / yaha vizva zAMti kA eka nayA vikalpa hai| mahAprajJa ne batAyA 'aNuvrata aura vizva zAMti-yaha aMtarrASTrIya jagata ke lie eka nayA vikalpa ho sakatA hai| aNubama aura vizva zAMti kI carcA to hotI rahatI hai, kintu aNuvrata aura vizva zAMti kI carcA eka nayA prakalpa vizva ke sAmane hai| nizcita rUpa se - aNuvrata ne saMyama kA jo sUtra diyA hai, usa sUtra para dhyAna die binA vizva zAMti nahIM hogI / " vizva zAMti ke lie aNuyuga kI vibhISikA aura sTAravAra kI teja aphavAhoM ke bIca aNuvrata niHzastrIkaraNa aura zAMti kA patha prazasta karatA 1 phira se jAneM, aNuvrata AMdolana kI vikAsa yAtrA ke aneka caraNa haiM / sama-sAmayika samasyAoM ke saMdarbha meM naye-naye unmeSa isakI prANavattA ke sabUta hai / yaha pichale 61-62 varSoM kA Akalana ki AMdolana ne hara sthiti meM naitika cAritrika utthAna kI misAla kAyama kI hai| svataMtra bhArata ke itihAsa ko svarNAbha banAne kI AkAMkSA se isane bhAIcAre aura sAmpradAyika sauhArda kA paigAma hara mulka ke logoM ko diyA hai / aNuvrata ne yaha ghoSa mukharita kiyA- ' iMsAna pahale iMsAna; phira hindU yA musalamAna' iMsAniyata kI pratiSThA isakA viz2ana hai / prastuta AMdolana ke 61 rASTrIya aNuvrata adhivezana manAye jA cuke haiN| yaha samAdhAna kA vizuddha mArga hai kyoMki isameM saMpradAya gauNa, dharma mukhya hai, upAsanA gauNa caritra pradhAna hai| karmakANDa gauNa- prAyogika jIvana pradhAna hai| sAmpradAyika matavAda gauNa sadbhAvanA mukhya hai| paralauka kI ciMtA gauNa vartamAna jIvana kI pavitratA mukhya hai / eka vAkya meM yaha ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kA naitika- cAritrika AMdolana hai jo sadiyoM taka mAnavatA ko Alokita karatA rahegA / ahiMsaka AMdolana eka aisI prAyogika pravidhi hai jisakA lAbha ubhaya pakSAtmaka hai / prayoktA ko jahA~ lakSya milatA hai vahA~ prAyogya kI cetanA vizuddhattara banatI hai / abhiyukta nyAya patha para calane ke lie bAdhya hotA hai / vizvabhara meM calane vAle zAMti AMdolana apanI vAstavika guNavattA se haTate jA rahe / para, gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke ahiMsaka AMdolana kI yaha khUbI hai ki unakA ahiMsA-satya Adarza Aloka kabhI prasupta yA lupta nahIM huA / yahI rAja hai ahiMsaka AMdolana kI saphalatA kA / jahA~ bhI inakA saccAI aura niSThA ke sAtha prayoga kiyA gayA saphalatA ne caraNa cuume| isakA pramANa hai- bhArata kI AjAdI ke ahiMsaka hathiyAra / aviveka pUrNa ahiMsaka AMdolana ko svayaM gAMdhI bhI hiMsA kahate the| ahiMsaka AMdolana-satyAgraha, asahayoga, savinaya avajJA, svadezI evaM aNuvrata AMdolana sabhI kA lakSya svastha samAja kI saMracanA ahiMsA kI buniyAda para pratiSThita karanA hai / ahiMsA kA AMdolanAtmaka svarUpa / 299

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ahiMsA kA saMgaThanAtmaka svarUpa ahiMsA kI zakti asIma hai| usakA kAryakSetra vistRta hai / jaba ahiMsA kA saMgaThita prayoga kiyA jAtA hai use saMsthAtmaka ahiMsA kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| ahiMsA ke prayoga ko zaktizAlI banAne ke lie mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa gahana ciMtana-maMthana pUrvaka ahiMsAtmaka saMgaThana ko astitvavAn bnaayaa| ahiMsaka saMgaThana kA eka mAtra lakSya thA hiMsA ke dAvAnala ko ahiMsA ke amRta se zAMta krnaa| gAMdhI dvArA 'zAMti dala' kA gaThana kiyA gayA jo daMgA phasAda athavA azAMta kSetra meM zAMti sthApita karane meM apanI sakriya bhUmikA adA kara ske| jisakA vikasita rUpa 'zAMti senA' ke rUpa meM vinobA ne pratiSThita kiyA / mahAprajJa ne ahiMsAtmaka saMgaThana ke rUpa meM ahiMsA-samavAya evaM ahiMsA vAhinI kA prakalpa diyaa| manISiyoM ke ahiMsaka saMgaThana kA uddezya mukhya rUpa meM tanAva grasta kSetroM meM zAMti sthApita karanA evaM zAMti ke samaya meM racanAtmaka kAryoM ko saMpAdita kara jana r3hA hai| prastuta saMdarbha meM ahiMsAtmaka saMgaThana kI saMkSipta mImAMsA - svarUpa, kArya aura saphalatA dRSTi se iSTa hai| zAMti senA zAMti senA mahAtmA gAMdhI kI mUla avadhAraNA hai| isakI sphuraNA unake mana meM taba huI jaba deza meM jagaha-jagaha azAMti phailAI jA rahI thI / sAmAjika samarasatA bhaMga kI jA rahI thI - hindU-muslima daMge ho rahe the| unhoMne socA eka aise samarpita logoM kI jamAta honI cAhie jo samAja meM phaila rahI azAMti ko roke evaM zAMti sthApita kare / isa dRSTi se unheM senA meM samarpaNa tattva dikhAI pdd'aa| ataH vaha jamAta jo zAnti sthApanArtha kArya karegI - nAma diyA zAnti senA / zAnti senA arthAt vaha senA jo zAnti ke lie, zAnti priya logoM dvArA, zAnti cAhane vAle logoM kI racanAtmaka evaM svastha jmaat| yaha aisI jamAta hai jo hiMsA se bhinna daNDazakti ke viparIta ahiMsaka tarIke se samAja meM zAnti sthApanArtha kArya kregii| isake vistRta vimarza se pUrva ahiMsA sevA dala kA jikra ucita hogA / cUMki zAnti senA kI pRSThabhUmi meM sevA dala prayoga kI saphala bhUmikA gAMdhI ke dimAga meM aMkita thI / zAMti dala ke prArUpa ko prakaTa karate hue gAMdhI ne kahA- 'zAMti dala ke hara eka sadasya kA Izvara meM aTala vizvAsa honA caahie| usameM yaha zraddhA honI cAhie ki Izvara hI sabakA saccA sAthI hai aura vaha sabakA sirajanahAra hai, kartA hai| isake binA jo zAnti senAe~ baneMgI, mere khyAla bejAna hogI / Izvara ko Apa allAha ke nAma se pahacAneM, ahuramajda kaheM, jIhovA kaheM, jItA . 300 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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jAgatA kAyadA kaheM, rAma kaheM, rahamAna kaheM, kisI bhI nAma se pukAreM, magara usakI zakti kA upayoga to Apako karanA hI hai| aisA AdamI kisI ko mAregA nahIM, balki khuda marakara jItegA aura jI jaayegaa| saphalatA ke lie niyamoM ke pAlana para bala diyA . sevaka apane sAtha koI hathiyAra na rkhe| . vaha apane badana para aisI koI nizAnI rakhe, jisase phaurana patA cala jAe ki vaha zAMtidala kA membara hai| . sevaka ke pAsa ghAyaloM vagairaha ki sAra-saMbhAla ke lie turanta kAma dene vAlI cIjeM rahanI caahie| jaise paTTI, kaiMcI, choTA cAkU, sUI vgairaa| . sevaka ko aisI tAlIma milanI cAhiye, jisase vaha ghAyaloM ko AsAnI se uThAkara le jA skeN| . jalatI Aga ko bujhAne kI, binA jale yA jhulase AgavAlI jagaha meM jAne kI, Upara car3hane aura utarane kI kalA sevaka meM honI caahie| . apane muhalle ke saba logoM se usakI acchI jAna-pahacAna honI caahie| yaha khuda hI eka sevA hai| . use mana hI mana rAma kA nAma bAra-bAra japate rahanA cAhiye aura isase mAnane vAle dUsaroM ko bhI aisA karane ke lie samajhAnA caahie| ahiMsaka sevA-dala athavA zAMtidala kI isa mImAMsA se spaSTa hai ki gAMdhI ke vicAra ahiMsA ko saMgaThanAtmaka rUpa dene meM kitane prakhara the| usI kA vikasita rUpa zAMti senA ke rUpa meM prakaTa huaa| zAMti senA kA uddezya zAMti senA kA spaSTa uddezya thA hiMsA ke virodha meM ahiMsaka nAgarika zakti ko saMgaThita evaM sakriya krnaa| azAMti ke samaya zAnti ke lie kArya karanA evaM zAnti ke samaya sRjana evaM racanA kA kArya krnaa| isakA dUragAmI uddezya thA . zAntimaya samAja kI sthApanA krnaa| . samAja meM zAMti kA mUlya sthApita krnaa| . samAja meM sajjana zakti ko saMgaThita krnaa| * samAja meM bhrAtRtva, sauhArda evaM sevA bhAvanA ko sthApita krnaa| * dAnava zakti ko kamajora evaM prema zakti kA saMvardhana krnaa| ye uddezya zAMti senA kI kArya paddhati ko spaSTa karate haiN| zAMti senA ke vicAra kA spaSTa ullekha gAMdhI ke isa kathana meM hai- 'maiMne eka aise svayaM sevakoM kI senA banAne kI tajabIja rakhI thI, jo daMgoM, khAsakara sAmpradAyika daMgoM ko zAnta karane meM apane prANoM taka kI bAjI lagA de| vicAra yaha thA ki yaha senA pulisa kA hI nahIM balki phauja taka kA sthAna le le| maulika pahacAna 1. zAMti senA kA sadasya puruSa ho yA strI ahiMsA meM usakA jIvita vizvAsa honA caahie| ahiMsA kA saMgaThanAtmaka svarUpa / 301

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yaha tabhI saMbhava hai, jabaki Izvara meM usakA jIvita vizvAsa hai| ahiMsaka vyakti to Izvara kRpA aura zakti ke bagaira kacha kara hI nahIM sktaa| isake binA usameM krodha, bhaya aura badale kI bhAvanA na rakhate hue marane kA sAhasa nahIM hogaa| aisA sAhasa to isa zraddhA se hI AtA hai ki sabake hRdayoM meM Izvara kA nivAsa hai, aura Izvara kI upasthiti meM kisI bhI bhaya kI jarUrata nhiiN| Izvara kI sarva vyApakatA ke jJAna kA yaha bhI artha hai ki jinheM virodhI yA guNDe kahA jA sakatA ho unake prANoM kA bhI hama khyAla rkheN| yaha irAdatana dastandAjI usa samaya manuSya ke krodha ko zAMta karane kA eka tarIkA hai, jabaki usake aMdara kA pazu bhAva usa para hAvI ho| 2. zAMti ke isa dUta meM duniyA ke sabhI khAsa-khAsa dharmoM ke prati samAna zraddhA honI jarUrI hai| isa prakAra vaha hindU ho to hindustAna meM pracalita anya dharmoM kA Adara kregaa| isalie deza meM mAne jAne vAle vibhinna dharmoM ke sAmAnya siddhAMtoM kA use jJAna honA caahie| ____ 3. yaha kAma akele yA jatthoM meM ho sakatA hai isalie kisI ko saMgI-sAthiyoM ke lie intajAra karane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| phira bhI AdamI svabhAvataH apanI bastI meM se kucha sAthiyoM ko DhU~Dhakara sthAnIya senA kA nirmANa kregaa| 4. zAMti kA yaha dUta vyaktigata sevA dvArA apanI bastI yA kisI cune hue kSetra meM logoM ke sAtha aise saMbaMdha sthApita karegA jisase jaba use bhaddI sthitiyoM meM kAma karanA par3e to upadraviyoM ke lie vaha bilkula aisA ajanabI na ho jisa para ve zaka kareM yA unheM nAgavAra mAlUma pdd'e| 5. yaha kahane kI to jarUrata hI nahIM ki zAMti ke lie kAma karane vAle kA caritra aisA honA cAhie jisa para koI a~gulI na uThA sake aura vaha apanI niSpakSatA ke lie mazahUra ho| ____6. Amataura para daMgoM se pahale use Ane kI cetAvanI mila jAyA karatI hai| agara aise AsAra dikhAI deM to zAMti senA Aga bhar3aka uThane taka kA intajAra na kara tabhI se paristhitiyoM ko samhAlane kA kAma zurU kara degI jaba se ki usakI saMbhAvanA dikhAI de| 7. agara yaha AMdolana bar3he to kucha pUre kAma karane vAle kAryakartAoM kA inake lie rahanA acchA hogA, lekina yaha bilkula jarUrI nahIM aisA ho hii| khyAla yaha hai jitane bhI acche strI-puruSa mila sake utane rakhe jaay| lekina ve tabhI mila sakate haiM jaba ki svayaM sevaka aise logoM meM mile jo jIvana ke vividha kAryoM meM lage hue hoN| para unake pAsa itanA avakAza ho ki apane ilAkoM meM rahane vAle logoM ke sAtha mitratA ke saMbaMdha paidA kara sakeM tathA saba yogyatAoM ko rakhate hoM jo ki zAMti senA ke sadasya meM honI caahie| 8. isa senA ke sadasyoM kI eka khAsa pozAka honI cAhiye jisase kAlAMtara meM unheM binA kisI kaThinAiyoM ke pahacAnA jA ske| ye sirpha Ama sUcanAeM haiN| inake AdhAra para hareka kendra apanA vidhAna banA sakatA hai| nirdiSTa zartoM ke AdhAra para yaha jAnA jA sakatA hai ki gAMdhI kI zAMti senA kI avadhAraNA kitanI unnata aura kAryakArI thii| vinobA ne zAnti-senA kA mahattva batAte hue kahA : 'zAMti-senA ke kArya ko maiM kevala rASTrIya nahIM, balki asala meM antarrASTrIya mAnatA huuN| vijJAna ke isa yuga meM yadi hama antarrASTrIya sandarbha meM nahIM soceMge to hamArA nirNaya sahI dizA meM ho hI nahIM sktaa|'60 isase bahuta spaSTa hai ki zAMti-senA kA kSetra kitanA vyApaka thA aura Aja vaha sAkAra bhI ho cukA hai| zAMti-senA kI saMkSipta mImAMsA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gAMdhI hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM para 302 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ahiMsAtmaka niyaMtraNa pAne ke lie kaTibaddha the| zAMti-senA kI unakI kalpanA eka mAtra ahiMsaka prakriyA para TikI thii| isakA setu bane ahiMsA aura zAMti kI AsthA se paripUrNa shaaNti-sainik| ataH zAMti sainika aura zAMti senA meM advaita bhAva kA nidarzana hai| ahiMsA sArvabhauma ahiMsA kA saMgaThanAtmaka svarUpa vikasita ho yaha yuga kI apekSA hai| Aja ahiMsA kA prazna eka nae saMdarbha meM upasthita ho rahA hai, vaha saMdarbha 'aNu-astra' kA hai| ANavika astroM kI vibhISikA ne ahiMsA ko phira se tejasvI banane kI cunautI dI hai| dhArmika dRSTi se ahiMsA para maMthana prAcIna kAla se calatA A rahA hai| eka samaya thA jaba ahiMsA kA mUlya kevala dhArmika thA, kintu Aja usakA sAmAjika mUlya bhI hai| saMpUrNa mAnava jAti kI samApti kA svara suna hara AdamI kA~pa uThatA hai| mAnavajAti kA astitva khatare se khela rahA hai| isa sthiti meM yaha atyAvazyaka ho gayA hai ki ahiMsA ko naye saMdarbha meM dekhA aura samajhA jaae| hiMsA kI bhayAnakatA ko niyaMtrita karane kI dizA meM Thosa kadama uThAyA jaaye| isakI kriyAnviti meM rASTra saMta talasI dvArA nirdiSTa ahiMsA ke anusaMdhAna, prazikSaNa aura prayoga kA prArUpa 'ahiMsA sArvabhauma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haa| ahiMsA sArvabhauma kI pRSThabhUmi meM ciMtana kA saghana pravAha rahA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA jyAdA ho rahI hai| usameM prayoga nahIM ho rahe haiM isalie ahiMsA ke upadeza janatA ko AkarSita nahIM kara rahe haiN| hiMsaka zAstrAzastroM kA zodha, prayoga aura prazikSaNa ke pIche hajAroM-hajAroM vaijJAnika aura prazikSaka lage hue haiN| pratidina lAkhoM-lAkhoM pulisa ke javAnoM aura sainika kA abhyAsa calatA rahatA hai| kintu ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI kahIM koI vyavasthA nahIM hai aura na kahIM usake prati koI AkarSaNa utpanna karane kI yojanA hai| aisI sthiti meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI koI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| ahiMsaka samAja kI racanA mAtra eka svapna banI huI hai use sAkAra karane ke lie ahiMsA sArvabhauma eka parikalpanA hai, eka sAdhana hai, eka upAya hai| spaSTa rUpa se ahiMsA sArvabhauma kA saMbodha ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara karatA hai| aNuvrata ke maMca se ahiMsA sArvabhauma kA svara bulaMda huaa| prazna uThA ahiMsA kA prAraMbha kahA~ se hogA? samAhita karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-ahiMsA eka sIdhI rekhA hai| usakA AraMbha biMdu hameM khojanA hai| ahiMsA kA AraMbha bindu hai vykti| ahiMsA kA AraMbha vyakti se hotA hai| vyaktivyakti se, bindu-vindu se eka rekhA banegI aura vaha rekhA bar3hate-bar3hate mahArekhA bana jaayegii| mahArekhA sArvabhauma aura jAgatika hogii| ahiMsA sArvabhauma aura jAgatika ho jaaegii| kintu kyA bindu ke binA rekhA nirmANa kiyA jAnA saMbhava hogA? kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai| aNuvrata Andolana kA yaha ciMtana rahA-vyakti sudharegA to samAja sudharegA, samAja sudharegA to rASTra sudharegA, rASTra sudharegA to jagat sudhregaa| hameM pahale bindu ko pakar3anA hogaa| pahale bindu ko pakar3e binA yadi ahiMsA sArvabhauma kI bar3I kalpanA ko lekara caleMge to bahuta sArthaka bAta nahIM hogii| ahiMsA sArvabhauma kI kalpanA vyakti purassara mUla ikAI se Arambha hokara jAgatika kSitija meM vyApta hotI hai| ahiMsA sArvabhauma aura aNuvrata ke saMbaMdha ko spaSTa karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-eka samaya thA ahiMsA ke kaMdhe para car3hakara hiMsA jI rahI thI aura Aja hiMsA ke kaMdhe para car3hakara ahiMsA jIne kA prayAsa kara rahI hai| sahArA hiMsA de rahI hai| isa sthiti meM, anya vikalpa ke abhAva meM samUce saMsAra meM ahiMsA kA svara mukharita ahiMsA kA saMgaThanAtmaka svarUpa / 303

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ho rahA hai| hama bhI ahiMsA ke svara ko dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika saMdarbha meM nahIM khoja rahe haiM kintu jAgatika hiMsA ke saMdarbha meM khoja rahe haiN| Aja kA jAgatika saMdarbha hiMsA kA hai| usake lie ahiMsA kI carcA kareM aura vaha bhI vyakti ke bindu ko sAmane rakhakara aNuvrata ke maMca se 162 yathArtha ke dharAtala para hiMsA kI bAr3ha ko rokane kA vikalpa hai ahiNsaa| ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA sAdhana hai usakA prshikssnn| ahiMsA sArvabhauma mAdhyama banegA, usake prati AkarSaNa utpanna karane kA aura prazikSita kAryakatAoM ko ahiMsA kI raNabhUmi meM niyojita karane kaa| ahiMsA kA prazikSita kAryakartA marane kI bAta soca sakatA hai, para dUsaroM ko mArane kI bAta kabhI nahIM soca sktaa| yaha abhaya ke vikAsa kI prakriyA sarala nahIM hai, saghana prayatna ke dvArA use sarala aura saMbhava banAyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA sArvabhauma kA lakSya ahiMsA ke kSetra meM prazikSita kAryakartAoM kA nirmANa karanA hai jisase ahiMsA kI zakti kA sAkSAt anubhava jana-cetanA ko ho ske| ahiMsA tejasvI kaise ho? isa saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kahate hai-'ahiMsA ko tejasvI banAne kI bAta AtI hai to maiM socatA hU~ ki ahiMsA zabda ko hI sAmane lAne kI bAta nahIM rahegI, usake pIche kyA karaNIya hai, usa para bhI hamArA dhyAna kendrita honA caahie| ahiMsA sArvabhauma kI parikalpanA ke pIche yahI bAta jur3I huI hai ki kisa prakAra kA manobhAva vikasita kiyA jAe ki ahiMsA apane Apa avatarita ho pUrI tejasvitA ke sAtha / '63 yaha ahiMsA kI AsthA kA spaSTa nidarzana hai| ahiMsA eka sArvabhauma tathya hai jisakA prabhAva vyakti se samaSTi paryaMta hotA hai| usakA prabhAva bhale hI vibhinna kSetroM meM bhinna rUpa se parilakSita hotA hai| udAharaNa svarUpa vyakti ke jIvana meM karuNA, maitrI, prema aura pavitratA ke taura para dekhA jAtA hai| antarrASTrIya kSetra meM hiMsA aura yuddha kI samasyA ke samAdhAnArtha ahiMsA sArvabhauma kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| ahiMsA samavAya jagat jaivika astitva kA paryAya hai| bahuta sUkSma jIva bhI sRSTi kI saMracanA ke anivArya ghaTaka haiN| paryAvaraNa ke saMkaTa ne ahiMsA ko vyApaka AdhAra diyA hai| manuSya kA astitva anya prANiyoM ke astitva ke sAtha jur3A huA hai yaha bahuta spaSTa ho cukA hai| ahiMsA kevala pAralaukika sAdhanA hI nahIM hai apita isa jIvana kI upayogitA bhI hai| lekina saMkIrNa soca evaM nitAMta bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa Aja pUrI duniyA apane astitva ke saMkaTa se jUjha rahI hai| eka ora saMkIrNa rASTravAda ne vinAzaka zastroM kI spardhA ko prabala kiyA hai to dUsarI ora unmukta bhogavAda samAja aura parivAra kI saMgaThanA ko kSati pahu~cA rahA hai| ahiMsA-samavAya kA zrIgaNeza paristhiti vizeSa meM anuzAstA AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ke mana meM eka vicAra ubharA ki ahiMsA kI zaktiyoM kA eka samavAya banAyA jaaye| jo vyakti aura saMgaThana, ahiMsA-vizvazAMti tathA paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke lie apanA jo kAryakrama calA rahe hai vaha yathAvat calatA rahe, para ahiMsA samavAya ke aMtargata sabhI mila baiThakara vicAra kareM tathA jo sAmUhika nirNaya ho usa para sArthaka rUpa se sAjhA prayatna kiyA jAye tAki khaMDa-khaMDa meM hone vAle kArya ko samagratA mila ske| vaicArika dharAtala para ahiMsA kI samasta zaktiyAM eka maMca para ikaTThI hokara vizva zAMti ke lie ciMtana kareM, maMthana kreN| 304 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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isI dRSTikoNa meM vizva ke mahAn dArzanika AcArya mahAprajJa ne aNuvrata ke maMca se isa kArya kA zubhArambha 5 aprela 1999 ko naI dillI meM kiyaa| isa avasara para deza evaM videza meM phaile ahiMsAtmaka saMgaThanoM ke pratinidhiyoM ne eka jAjama para ikaTThe hokara sampUrNa zakti ke sAtha kArya karane kI yojanA bnaaii| isa yojanA kI kriyAnviti ke lie ahiMsAtmaka zaktiyoM ke isa maMca ko nAma diyA gayA 'ahiMsA smvaay|'64 vizva zAMti ke prayAsoM meM ahiMsA samavAya ko eka sArthaka pahala mAnA jA sakatA hai| isake dvArA AcArya mahAprajJa ne samAja meM ahiMsA kI alakha jagAne kA AhvAna kiyA hai| ahiMsA-samavAya ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kArya karane vAlI zaktiyoM kA eka samaveta maMca hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA samavAya kI saMyojanA ke sAtha isa bAta para bala diyA ki asala meM jaba taka ahiMsA kI zaktiyAM saMgaThita nahIM hogI taba taka ahiMsA ko tejasvI banAnA kaThina hai| vibhinna dhArmika-naitika saMgaThana ahiMsA samavAya meM vizeSa sakriya bane yaha samaya kI pukAra hai| uddezya ahiMsA samavAya ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA ki ahiMsA ke lie pasInA bahAyA jAyegA to hiMsA rUkegI aura manuSya kA khUna nahIM bhegaa| agara hama bacapana se hI baccoM ko acche saMskAra dete haiM, to bacce bhaviSya meM acche nAgarika banate haiN| unameM ahiMsA kI vatti kA bhI vikAsa hotA hai| isake lie ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa jarUrI hai tathA jIvana vijJAna ko skUlI pAThyakramoM kA aMga banAyA jAnA caahie| ahiMsA samavAya maMca bhI inhIM uddezyoM para kendrita hai|65 maMtavya ke saMdarbha meM yaha bahuta spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ahiMsA evaM zAMti kA maulika vikAsa hI isakA kendra bindu rahA hai| 'ahiMsA samavAya' kA uddezya hai ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karane vAle sAre saMgaThana ekajuTa hokara eka maMca para AeM aura sAmUhika prayAsa ke dvArA ahiMsA kI AvAja aura abhiyAna ko prabhAvI bnaae| sabhI saMsthAoM kA eka maMca se kAryakrama calegA to vaha eka AMdolana kA svarUpa grahaNa karegA aura zAMti kI dizA meM sArthaka hogaa| isake mukhya lakSya haiM-1. mAnava-mAnava ke bIca, mAnava evaM samAja ke bIca aura mAnava evaM vizva ke bIca zoSaNa vihIna AtmIya saMbaMdha sthApita krnaa| 2. samAja ke saMcAlana meM kisI bAharI zAsana kI AvazyakatA na rakhakara vyakti tathA vyavasthAoM meM AtmAnuzAsana sthApita krnaa| __ ahiMsA zaktizAlI banakara vyakti-vyakti ke hRdaya meM pratiSThita ho, yahI isakA dhyeya hai| sukha aura zAMti ke lie ahiMsA kA patha zreyaskara hai| pRSThabhUmi ahiMsA kI bAta duniyA ke aMcala taka pahuMce, isake lie mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA-samavAya kI parikalpanA kii| isakI pRSThabhUmi ko spaSTa karate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA-mahAtmA gAMdhI, AcArya vinobA bhAve aura gurudeva tulasI ne bhArata ke bhaviSya kI kalpanA zAMti aura ahiMsA ke agradUta ke rUpa meM kI thii| usake lie hameM eka zaktizAlI AvAja banAnI hai| Aja ahiMsA para khaNDa khaNDa meM aneka jagaha kArya ho rahA hai, para bikharA huA hone ke kAraNa usakA pariNAma sAmane nahIM A rahA hai| ahiMsA samavAya apane mantra ko pUrA karane meM tabhI saphala ho pAyegA jaba isake sadasya vRttiyoM ke pariSkAra ke prati dRr3ha saMkalpita hoN| zAstA kI yaha soca jana mAnasa ko ahiMsA kI ora gatizIla karatI hai| ahiMsA kA saMgaThanAtmaka svarUpa / 305

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sadasya arhatA mahattvapUrNa tathya hai ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAloM meM AMtarika zuddhatA kA vikAsa ho| jisa vyakti ke hRdaya aura mastiSka meM tanAva, ulajhaneM, dveSa, bheda-bhAva bhare hoM vaha ahiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| kathanI karanI meM ekatA Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA samavAya ke saMdezavAhaka ko apane jIvana ko hI saMdeza banAnA par3egA varaNA usakI bAta kA samAja para prabhAva nahIM pdd'egaa| arthAt prazikSaka aise hoM jo manasA-vAcA-karmaNA ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhate hoN| ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM jinheM acchI jAnakArI ho| vaha yaha jAnatA hoM ki ahiMsA kA prayoga kaise kiyA jaae| ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle ke lie samavAya dvArA eka saMkalpa patra jArI huA hai| ve saMkalpa haiM 1. maiM apane jIvana meM hiMsA ke alpIkaraNa kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| 2. dUsaroM kI AsthA evaM vicAroM ke prati sahiSNu rhuuNgaa| 3. kisI bhI vivAda ko zAMti evaM sadabhAvanA se sajhalAne kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| 4. anyAya, ajJAna, zoSaNa, garIbI, bekArI jaisI mUlabhUta samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA prayatna kruuNgaa| 5. zrama, svAvalaMbana, saMyama, saMvibhAga tathA saMvega-niyaMtraNa kI sAdhanA kruuNgaa| 6. pratidina AtmanirIkSaNa kruuNgaa| saMkalpa kI bhASA se ahiMsA samavAya ke mahAn lakSya ko AMkA jA sakatA hai| isakI kArya yojanA ekamAtra vyakti, parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra kI zAMti ke lie banAI gayI hai| samavAya kA kArya kSetra samavAya ke kAryakSetra kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-'ahiMsA samavAya ke sAmane vizva aura samAja kI samasyAoM ko samajhane tathA unheM sujhalAne kA bhI savAla hai| isalie yaha Avazyaka hai ki ahiMsA, zAMti aura naitikatA meM vizvAsa karane vAle loga paraspara mileN| paraspara vicAroM se paricita hoN| svastha samAdhAna prApta karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki virodhI vicAra ko bhI sunA jaaye| isake lie mukhya bindu haiM-1. saha Asana, 2. saha ciMtana 3. sahamati aura 4. sahakriyAnvayana / ye cAra bAteM hoMgI tabhI ahiMsA ke bAre meM sahI soca paidA hogI tathA ahiMsA kA tejasvI svarUpa sAmane aayegaa| ___ ahiMsA ke sAmAjika mUlya sthApana hetu ahiMsA samavAya rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya prayoga kara rahA hai| hara stara para samavicArI saMsthAoM tathA sadvicAraka vyaktiyoM kA sahayoga lekara ahiMsA samavAya lakSya prApti kI ora gatizIla hai| samavAya ke uddezyoM kI prApti ke lie ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA kArya yuddha stara para jArI hai| jaba ahiMsA prazikSakoM kI eka TIma banakara taiyAra ho jAegI, tabhI isa samavAya kI bAta jana sAmAnya ke hRdaya meM pratiSThita kI jA sakatI haiN| samavAya ke bar3hate caraNa ahiMsA samavAya maMca ko gatizIlatA kA sabUta hai samaya-samaya para Ayojita hone vAle ahiMsA samavAya ke smmeln| isa upakrama ke jariye sama-sAmayika samasyAoM kA ahiMsA ke Aloka meM ciMtana manana kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para hama jAna sakate hai kisI eka sammelana kI gati-pragati ke saMdarbha 306 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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meM / tridivasIya 'rASTrIya ahiMsA samavAya sammelana' kA Ayojana 1-3 mArca 2003 muMbaI - kAMdivalI meM huaa| rASTra ke pramukha logoM ne isameM upasthiti darja kii| sammelana ne bar3hatI huI hiMsA aura AtaMkavAda tathA maMDarAte hue vizvayuddha ke isa daura meM ahiMsA samavAya kI anivAryatA, sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAhityaka stara para ahiMsA ke lie racanAtmaka kAryakrama, ahiMsA jana jAgaraNa meM svataMtratA senAniyoM evaM nAgarikoM kI bhUmikA, mAnavAdhikAra, jIvadayA, paryAvaraNa, vanyajIvana kI surakSA meM ahiMsA, sevA saMgaThanoM kI ahiMsA Andolana meM bhUmikA jaise jvalaMta viSayoM para gahana vicAra-vimarza kiyaa| prabuddha vaktAoM ne hiMsA ke isa daura meM ahiMsA samavAya kI anivAryatA para jora diyaa| sammelana sarvasammati se svIkAra kiyA ki kevala ahiMsA aura saha astitva ke siddhAMtoM para vyakti, samAja tathA rASTroM kI cetanA kA rUpAMtaraNa karake vizva ko mAnavajanita vidhvaMsa tathA sarvanAza se bacAyA jA sakatA hai / vibhinna dhArmika evaM svayaMsevI saMgaThanoM ke pratinidhiyoM ne ahiMsA samavAya AMdolana gati dene ke lie sammelana ko mahattvapUrNa btaayaa| 69 sammelana ne irAka se bhI Agraha kiyA ki vaha mana, vacana tathA karma se saMyukta rASTra ke sAtha sahayoga kare / sammelana ke maulika vistRta vicAra-vimarza ko ghoSaNA patra ke rUpa meM saMkSiptazailI meM nimna biMduoM meM jAnA jA sakatA hai ahiMsAtmaka kAryazailI kA vyApaka pracAra ho pariNAmataH garIbI, zoSaNa, asamAnatA aura berojagArI paidA hI na ho / bhArata hI eka mAtra aisA deza hai jahAM vizva ke sabhI dharma saha-astitva ke AdhAra para vikasita hue hai| ahiMsaka samAja meM hI yaha saMbhava hai / ahiMsA anavAryatA ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie pratyeka sthAna para ahiMsA yAtrAoM, ciMtana tathA vicAra goSThiyoM kA Ayojana kiyA jAe / * cetanA ke rUpAntaraNa hetu ahiMsA prazikSaNa jarUrI hai| ahiMsA samavAya AMdolana ke lie samAnAMtara (kAuMTara) mIDiyA kI sthApanA kI AvazyakatA para bala ke sAtha ahiMsA viSayaka sAhitya bhArata kI sabhI bhASAoM meM prakAzita tathA pracArita ho / pradUSaNa ke kAraNoM ko rokA jAye / rASTrIya stara para ahiMsA anusaMdhAna kendra kI sthApanA kI jaae| ahiMsA samavAya ko Aja eka nae rASTrIya AMdolana ke samAna mAnatA hai, ahiMsA ke prati niSThA tathA aTUTa vizvAsa ko doharAtA hai| saMyukta rASTra saMgha tathA vizva kI sabhI saMsthAoM, sabhI sarakAroM, zAMti ke lie prayAsarata sabhI gaira sarakArI saMgaThanoM tathA vyaktiyoM se anurodha hai ki vizvazAMti kI AcAra saMhitA hetu tvarita kadama utthaayeN|" isa nava sUtrI ghoSaNA patra ke saMdarbha meM sammelana kI mahatvapUrNa niSpattiyoM kA Akalana kiyA jA sakatA hai| . dillI, dhule, rAjasamaMda Adi aneka kSetroM meM ahiMsA samavAya ke sammelana hue / ahiMsA samavAya kI gatividhiyoM ko sakriyatA pradAna karate hue jaina vizva bhAratI vizvavidyAlaya dvArA madurai, dillI, ahiMsA kA saMgaThanAtmaka svarUpa / 307

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rAjasamaMda, lADanUM evaM trivendram meM ahiMsA samavAya ke pAMca kendra bhI pratiSThita kiye ge| saMbaMdhita jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna adhikRta saMsthAna se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA samavAya ke saiddhAMtika-prAyogika pakSa ko maulikatA pradAna karate hue jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna tathA gAMdhI smRti evaM darzana samiti ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM ahiMsA kA eka pAThyakrama nirdhArita huA hai| dillI tathA lADanUM meM isa pAThyakrama para traimAsika, mAsika, pAkSika tathA anya prazikSaNa zivira bhI zurU ho cuke haiN| 2 akTUmbara, 2001 se patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA prazikSaNa pAThyakrama kA zubhArambha isake pracAra-prasAra kI naI dizAoM ko udghATita karane vAlA sAbita huA hai| jaya jagata phAuNDezana, AdimajAti sevaka saMgha, aNuvrata mahAsamiti, aNavrata zikSaka saMsada Adi saMsthAoM ke mAdhyama se pUre deza meM na kevala ahiMsA prazikSaNa zivira Ayojita kiye jA rahe haiM, apitu AMtakavAda se prabhAvita kSetroM meM bhI ahiMsA ke saMdeza ko pahuMcAne kA kArya ho rahA hai| deza ke vibhinna upadrava evaM AtaMkagrasta kSetroM-AsAma, aruNAcala, nAgAlaiNDa, uttarAkhaMDa, paMjAba, madhyapradeza, bihAra, uttarapradeza, gujarAta, AMdhrapradeza, rAjasthAna Adi meM ahiMsA samavAya ke prabhAvI kAryakrama sAmpradAyika tanAva evaM azAMta vAtAvaraNa ko zAMti meM tabdIla karane meM mahattvapUrNa siddha hue haiN| ahiMsA meM niSThA rakhane vAle vyaktiyoM aura saMsthAoM kA yaha sarvamAnya maMca hai| sarvodaya jaisI kaI saMsthAeM Aja ahiMsA samavAya ke sAtha jur3akara kAma kara rahI haiN| prabuddha ciMtana meM prastuta maMca kI mahattvapUrNa gatividhiyoM ne prabuddha varga ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| isakA sabUta hai aneka ciMtanazIla vyaktiyoM ke ahiMsA samavAya ke prati nikale bhAvapradhAna lbj| ahiMsA samavAya sammelana ke viziSTa atithi u.pra. ke rAjyapAla mahAmahima viSNukAMta zAstrI ne kahA thA-'RSiyoM ko apane yajJa kI rakSA ke lie dhanurdhara bhagavAna rAma kI jarUrata par3I thii| duniyA meM bhale kitane paramANu bama bane lekina zAMti ke lie ahiMsA hI sabase bar3A zastra hai| apanI ahiMsaka paraMparA ke sAtha hI hameM apanI svAdhInatA kI rakSA karane ke lie saMkalpa lekara ahiMsA kI pravRti ko bar3hAvA denA caahie|' samAroha meM sarvocca nyAyAlaya ke pUrva mukhya nyAyAdhIza e.ema ahamadI ne kahA 'vaizvIkaraNa ke isa daura meM bhale sukha-suvidhAeM bar3hI haiM, lekina ahiMsA jaise mUlabhUta mAnavIya guNoM kA kSaya honA ciMtAjanaka hai| jisa kAragara zastra se rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ne hameM AjAdI dilAyI, vaha zastra abhI bhI prAsaMgika hai|' ahiMsA samavAya kI prAsaMgikatA ko ujAgara karane vAle mahAnubhAvoM ke vicAra mahatvapUrNa hai| ahiMsA-samavAya maMca kI ora se yaha svara bhI bulaMda kiyA gayA-vizva zAMti ke lie ahiMsA ke alAvA aura koI dUsarA rAstA nahIM hai| sArI duniyA tumhAre lie nahIM hai balki tuma sArI duniyA ke lie ho| isalie sabhI ahiMsaka saMgaThanoM ko eka maMca para Akara apane-apane stara se jana samudAya ko prerita karanA Avazyaka hai| hameM apanI saMskRti aura sabhyatA ko apanAne meM gaurava karanA cAhie para dUsare ke mata kA anAdara nahIM karanA caahie|" vimarzataH hiMsA ke jahara ko ahiMsAmRta meM badalane kI abhipsA se 'ahiMsA samavAya' saMgaThana vizva mAnavatA ke lie 21 vIM sadI kA anamola upahAra hai| yaha eka aisA sArvajanika maMca hai jisakA rAhI ahiMsA-bhAIcAre kI AsthAvAlA koI bhI vyakti bana sakatA hai| isakA mukhya ghoSa hai- 'ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAloM sAtha milakara vicAra kro|' sahavicAra bahuta bar3I zakti hai samasyA ke samAdhAna kii| 308 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa bar3hatI huI hiMsA darzana kA AdhAra pA cukI hai| pUrA vizva isakI capeTa meM hai| dhana-vaibhava, sattA hathiyAne kA hiMsA pramukha sAdhana bana gayI hai| hiMsA kI zakti ne ahiMsA ke lie cunauti khar3I kI hai| mAnavIya malyoM kA giratA grApha ahiMsaka zaktiyoM ke samakSa yakSa prazna hai| vizva-zAMti ke lie baDI bAdhA bhI hai| samAdhAna kI bhASA meM aneka ciMtakoM ne apane-apane vicAra prakaTa kiye| isa kaDI meM gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ne hiMsA ke niyaMtraNa evaM vizvazAMti kI pRSThabhUmi meM jo ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI bAta kahI vo sarvAdhika vajanadAra pratIta hotI hai| donoM manISiyoM ne bala diyA ki ahiMsA kA prayoga aura prazikSaNa vyApaka stara para kiyA jAye tAki hiMsA kI samasyA kA sthAyI samAdhAna ho ske| Aja samAja-vaijJAnikoM ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki vizva kI samasyAoM kA nidAna hiMsA meM nahIM balki ahiMsA meM hai| jisa prakAra ahiMsA pAlana ke lie anya kaI zarte anivArya haiM usI prakAra ahiMsaka tarIke se samAja kI samasyAoM ke nidAna heta ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa anivArya hai| hiMsA ke dvArA samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie bhI jaba prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai to ahiMsA jaise udAtta mUlya ko prazikSaNa ke binA kaise kAragara siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai, isalie ahiMsA ke samarthakoM aura isameM vizvAsa karane vAloM ke sAmane Aja mukhya samasyA ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa kI hai| pRSThabhUmi eka sAmAjika prANI pUrNataH hiMsA se baca nahIM sakatA, parantu jitanI anAvazyaka hiMsA ho rahI hai, utanI saMbhavataH pahale kabhI nahIM huii| isa hiMsA ko kevala siddhAMta ke AdhAra para nahIM rokA jA sktaa| use rokane ke lie Avazyaka hai-ahiMsA kA prayoga aura prshikssnn| hiMsA kI cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI AsthA ne ahiMsA-prazikSaNa ko sakArAtmaka svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| samAja kI hiMsaka paristhitiyoM se jujhane ke lie gAMdhI ne satyAgrahiyoM aura zAMti sainikoM kI katAra khar3I kii| unakA kahanA thA ki ahiMsA kI dizA meM U~cAI para pahu~cane ke lie prazikSaNa bahuta Avazyaka hai| 'itanI bAta saca hai ki ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa lenA par3atA hai aura use bar3hAnA par3atA hai| usakI gati Upara hotI hai, isalie usakI U~cI se U~cI coTI taka pahu~cane meM kaThora zrama karanA par3atA hai|'72 gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa hiMsA ke prazikSaNa se bhinna hai| bhinnatA se unakA spaSTa Azaya thA ki hiMsA ke prazikSaNa meM mArane kI kalA sikhAI jAtI hai parantu isake viparIta ahiMsA kI tAlIma meM marane kI kalA sikhAI jAtI hai|.....hiNsaa ke prazikSaNa meM astra ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa / 309

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zastroM ke prayoga kI vidhiyA~ batalAI jAtI haiM, parantu ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa meM sarvaprathama zastra kA parityAga batalAyA jAtA hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa saMbaMdhI gAMdhI ke vicAroM ko AcArya mahAprajJa ne vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM gatizIlatA pradAna kI hai| isakI spaSTa jhalaka-hamane mahAtmA gAMdhI ke ahiMsAtmaka pratikAra ke sUtra ko prayoga meM lAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| sAmAnyataH AdamI pratizodha letA hai| pratizodha kI bhAvanA hotI hai aura pratizodha kI bhAvanA pratikriyAtmaka hiMsA ko janma detI hai| agara pratizodha ke sthAna para pratikAra bhAvanA kA vikAsa kiyA jAtA to hiMsA ko bar3hane kA maukA kama miltaa| kintu prazikSaNa ke abhAva meM loga usakA mahattva samajha nahIM pA rahe haiM, usakA mUlyAMkana nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| vizeSa rUpa se gAMdhI dvArA pavitra kiye hue sthala aura kakSa meM (asalAlI 'gujarAta' 25 navambara, 2002 ko) mahAprajJa ne cAha prakaTa kI ki itihAsa kI punarAvRtti ho, ahiMsAtmaka pratikAra ko Age baDhAyA jAye tathA gAMdhI dvArA nirdiSTa satroM ke panarUjjIvana kI cetanA jaage| usa kArya ko Age bar3hAye to merA vizvAsa hai ki bar3hatI huI hiMsA para aMkuza lagAyA jA sakegA aura ahiMsaka vAtAvaraNa ke nirmANa meM samAja ko ahiMsonmukhI banAne meM hama sakSama ho skegeN| vicAroM ke Aloka meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI pRSThabhUmi ko khojA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi mahAprajJa isa kathana se bahuta pahale hI ahiMsAprazikSaNa kI anivAryatA ko AMka kara prayoga bhUmi para pratiSThita kara cuke haiN| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI pravidhi ejAda kara AcArya mahAprajJa ne sAmyavAda ke pravartaka mArksa kI aMtara abhipsA ko AkAra de diyaa| Arthika vyavasthA ke sAtha hRdaya-parivartana athavA AdhyAtma ko na jor3ane kI kasaka unake jIvana ke aMtima kSaNoM taka banI rhii| mArksa ne jIvana ke saMdhyA kAla meM likhA- 'maiM aura eMgalsa-hama isa saccAI kA anubhava karate haiM ki agara hama Arthika vyavasthA ke parivartana ke sAtha hRdaya-parivartana yA adhyAtma ko jor3ate to hamArA rAstA bahuta acchA hotA kintu yaha sUtra hameM jIvana ke aMtima samaya meM milaa| hama kucha kara nahIM sake, hamArA kAma adhUrA raha gyaa|' nizcita rUpa se hRdaya parivartana aura AjIvikA arjana kI samaveta prastuti adhyAtma ke maMca se ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke rUpa meM eka naI krAMti hai| yathArtha kA Akalana Aja hiMsA kA honA Azcarya nahIM hai| vartamAna saMcAra mAdhyama jisa prakAra ke hiMsAtmaka dRzya dikhA rahe haiM, usase hiMsA ke bhAvoM ko uddIpana mila rahA hai, hiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI pUrI vyavasthA hai| isa sthiti meM hiMsA na ho to Azcarya kI bAta hai| vaise dekheM to hiMsA kI vRtti hara AdamI meM vidyamAna hai| mahAprajJa kA yaha Akalana thA agara maiM kahU~ ki mujha meM hiMsA kI vRtti nahIM hai to yaha asatya bAta hogii| jaba taka koI vItarAga nahIM bana jAtA, hiMsA kI vRtti kisI na kisI aMza meM usameM jarUra rhegii| eka hotA hai hiMsA kI vRtti ko uddIpana denA, use ubhAranA aura eka hotA hai, use zAMta krnaa| hiMsA kI vRtti para aMkuza lagAyA jA sakatA hai, use zAMta rakhA jA sakatA hai| usakA sabase bar3A mAdhyama hai ahiMsA kA prshikssnn| AtaMkavAda hiMsA ke naye-naye rUpa ejAda kara rahA hai| pUrI duniyA para isakI pakar3a bar3ha rahI hai, aise meM ahiMsA kI Dagara para sabakI nigAheM TikatI hai| 'AtaMkavAda deza ke sAmane bar3I cunautI' viSaya para AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA-AtaMkavAda Aja hauvA bana gayA hai| hameM isa saccAI ko samajhanA 310 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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hogA ki Akhira AtaMkavAda ne apane paira kyoM psaare| zaktihInatA aura saMvedanahInatA hI AtaMkavAda ko janma detI hai| isalie apanI zakti ko bar3hAkara hI AtaMkavAda se lar3A jA sakatA hai| isake alAvA samAja meM jAgarUkatA lAkara aura berojagArI dUra karane ke prayAsa se AtaMkavAda kAbU meM A sakatA hai| AtaMkavAda kI saphAI meM ahiMsA kI bhI mahatI bhUmikA hai| vahI AtaMkavAda se lar3ane kA brahmAstra hai| AtaMkavAda eka vyavasAya bana cukA hai|......vaannii kA asaMyama bhI AtaMkavAda ko bar3hAvA detA hai| vANI kA saMyama bar3he to samasyA kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| samasyAoM para gaMbhIra ciMtana bhI jarUrI hai|' 'hiMsA, ugravAda aura AtaMkavAda se nipaTane ke lie ahiMsA prazikSaNa eka zaktizAlI mAdhyama hai| isa viSaya para sAmUhika ciMtana kiyA jAe saMbhavataH hiMsA kI bAr3ha ko rokane meM saphalatA milegii|' __ ahiMsA kA vikAsa zramasAdhya kArya hai| usake lie prazikSaNa kI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai| yadi ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI samucita vyavasthA ho to ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| hiMsA kI samasyA kA sthAyI samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| isa maMtavya ke sAtha hI mahAprajJa isa saccAI kI ora iMgita karate haiM ki ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karane vAle jitane saMsthAna haiM, kyA unameM kahIM vaijJAnika praNAlI se ahiMsA kA zodha ho rahA hai? prayoga ho rahA hai? kyA kahIM hRdaya-parivartana kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai? yaha to sanane ko milegA ki sAmyavAdI dezoM meM brena-vAziMga kA prayoga cala rahA hai, prazikSaNa cala rahA hai| kintu kahIM bhI ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa diyA jA rahA ho aisA sunane meM nahIM aataa| eka ora to zaktizAlI astroM kA prayoga ora eka aura kevala bhaassnn| donoM meM sAmaMjasya kahA~ hai? Aja pratyeka ahiMsAvAdI ke sAmane yaha ciMtana kA prazna hai| jaba taka isa para gaMbhIratA se ciMtana nahIM kiyA jAegA, ahiMsA kI duhAI dene vAlA vyakti svayaM hAsyAspada banatA calA jaaegaa| isa maMthana ke sAtha ahiMsaka krAMti ke sUtradhAra ne isa bAta ko spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-ahiMsA kI upayogitA para zodha ho, vyaktigata sAmAjika va rASTrIya saMdarbha meM gahana ciMtana ho ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI paddhatiyA~ nirdhArita kI jAyeM tabhI vAMchita pariNAma saMbhava hai| ahiMsA yAtrA ke praNetA ne yaha bhI batalAyA ki dharma ko mAtra graMthoM kA viSaya banA dene se duHkha bar3hatA hai| dharma to jIvana ke krama meM AnA caahie| Aja jarUrI hai ahiMsA kI cetanA manuSya ke mana meM aMkurita ho| isake lie hara varga ke lie ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai| ahiMsA ko niravIrya dekhakara mahAprajJa kI cetanA jhaMkRta ho uThatI aura sura ninAdita hotA-Aja ahiMsA ko eka kauTilya kI jarUrata hai-tAki ahiMsA kI majabUta vyUha racanA kA nirmANa ho ske| jisakA AdhAra stUpa ahiMsA prazikSaNa bana sakatA hai| prazikSaNa ke abhAva meM ahiMsA mAtra eka zAbdika vyApAra banakara raha jaayegii| prazikSaNa va cetanA rUpAMtaraNa ke binA ahiMsA kabhI hRdayagrAhI nahIM ho sktii| ve bala pUrvaka kahate . ahiMsA kI vyUha racanA majabUta ho| . ahiMsA kA neTavarka bne| . ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa vyApaka bne| inake AdhAra para ahiMsA ko kAphI vyApaka banAyA jA sakatA hai|" hiMsA ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA eka bar3A aura AMtarika kAraNa pAte haiM, vaha hai-aavesh| krodha, lobha, moha kA Aveza-ye aMtaraMga kAraNa haiN| bAhara kA kAraNa hai-upabhogavAdI ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa | 311

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mnovRti| ye do hiMsA ke bar3e kAraNa haiN| roTI kA abhAva bhI hiMsA kA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai| bhUkhA AdamI kucha bhI kara sakatA hai| bAharI kAraNoM meM berojagArI aura asaMtulana kI samasyA bhI kama nahIM hai| ahiMsA aura zAMti kI bAta bahuta prabhAvI nahIM bana rahI hai isa saMdarbha meM samasta samasyAoM kA Akalana kara mahAprajJa ne kucha paMktiyA~ likhI zAMti kA saMdeza, dekhane kA koNa bdle| socane kA koNa badale, zAMta ho aavesh|| hiMsA kA kAraNa hai roTI, aura garIbI usakI cottii| para bhUkhA hiMsA karatA jaba, zAMta nahIM Aveza / / jaTila paristhiti jaba-jaba AtI, taba-taba hiMsA bhI bar3ha jaatii| sthiti kaise badalegI jaba taka, zAMta nahIM aavesh|| kabhI krodha se, kabhI lobha se, kabhI ghRNA se, kabhI kSobha se| Avezita nara hiMsaka banatA, zAMta nahIM Aveza / / hiMsA se vikSita mAnava hai, zastra prazikSaNa kA tAMDava hai| kaise ho mastiSka dhulAI, zAMta nahIM aavesh|| nahIM prazikSaNa aura na zikSaNa, hai korA upadeza vickssnn| kaise ho jana-mAnya ahiMsA, zAMta nahIM Aveza / / nahIM samasyA ko sulajhAeM, phira ahiMsA ke guNa gaaeN| prAsaMgikatA kaise hogI, zAMta nahIM aavesh|| . mahAvIra kA rUpa ahiMsA, divya zAMti kA stUpa ahiNsaa| 'mahAprajJa' kA jana-jana suna pAe~, zAzvata kA nirdeza / / ahiMsA kI pratiSThA ke lie Avazyaka hai-karuNA kI cetanA kA vikaas| karuNA hogI to hiMsA parAsta hogI, samasyA kA samAdhAna hogaa| koI bhI lar3AI aura yuddha lambe nahIM clte| Akhira zAMtivArtA aura samajhaute para AnA hI par3atA hai| zAMti hamArI saMskRti hai, zastra hamArI vivazatA hai| ahiMsA hamAre Age rahe aura hiMsA pIche rhe| vikAsa ke lie zAMti aura zAMti ke lie ahiMsA Avazyaka hai| hiMsA ke kAraNoM ko miTA kara tathA karuNA kA vikAsa kara hama ahiMsA kI sthApanA kara sakate haiN| zAMti sthApana meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI ahama bhUmikA ko svIkArate hue ve sAmAjika vikAsa ke lie bhI ise mahattvapUrNa batalAte haiN| unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke binA naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| Aja sarakAra sAmAjika vikAsa ke lie kaI taraha se kArya kara rahI hai, kintu naitika mUlyoM ke utthAna kI dizA meM koI pragati nahIM ho pA rahI hai| hiMsA, zoSaNa, atyAcAra, bhraSTAcAra para koI aMkuza nahIM laga pA rahA hai| jarUrata hai bhAvanAtmaka parivartana kI aura usake lie prazikSaNa bahuta jarUrI hai| isameM yathArtha kA nidarzana hai jo ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI anivAryatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| kyA kabhI socA gayA ki jaise sazastra pulisa aura senA kI jamAta khar3I kI jA rahI hai vaise hI ahiMsaka sainikoM kI jamAta khar3I karane kI jarUrata hai| jaise pratidina hajAroM-hajAroM logoM ko zastrAbhyAsa karAyA jAtA hai, mArane kI TreniMga dI jAtI hai vaise hI kyA na mArane kI TreniMga denA Avazyaka nahIM hai| yaha bahuta Avazyaka lagatA hai ki hiMsA kI bhA~ti ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa bhI atyanta anivArya 312 / aMdhere meM ujAlA

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ho| agara hiMsA ke kSetra meM 10-20 lAkha sainika kAma karate haiM to ahiMsA ke kSetra meM 10-20 hajAra sainika bhI baneM to eka nayA camatkAra ho sakatA hai| mahAprajJa ne maMthana pUrvaka ahiMsA prazikSaNa pravidhi kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| isakA AdhAra banA-sabake saMskAra samAna nahIM haiM kintu isase jur3A saca yaha bhI hai-bahuta logoM meM ahiMsA ke saMskAra ko jAgRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| pariNAma svarUpa ahiMsA kI amIya dhArA pravAha meM pratiSThita hogii| para yaha prazikSaNa dvArA hI saMbhava bana sakatA hai| jaba taka mAnavIya mastiSka kA pariSkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, dRSTikoNa parivartana kA abhyAsa nahIM kiyA jAtA, jIvana-zailI kA parivartana nahIM kiyA jAtA aura jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatA roTI kI pUrti nahIM kI jAtI, taba taka ahiMsA tejasvI bane athavA ahiMsA kA pravAha nirantara calatA rahe, yaha kama saMbhava lagatA hai| ahiMsA kI pratiSThA meM vyavahArika tathyoM kA samAkalana hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA AdhyAtmika pahalU hai-ahiMsA kI cetanA ko jAgRta karanA aura ahiMsA ke saMskAra kA nirmANa krnaa| vyAvahArika pahalU hai-apekSAnusAra AjIvikA kI vidhiyoM kA prshikssnn| garIbI, zoSaNa, anyAya, aparAdha aura paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa-ina samasyAoM ko kevala AdhyAtmika prazikSaNa se nahIM sulajhAyA jA sakatA hai aura samAja vyavasthA ke parivartana se bhI nahIM sulajhAyA jA sakatA hai| unheM sulajhAne kA upAya hai-ahiMsA kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa aura AjIvikA kI vividhA kA prazikSaNa-ina donoM kA shyog| prazikSaNa ke cAra AyAma ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA upakrama astitva meM lAyA gyaa| isakI saMkalpanA meM bolatA hai praNetA kA maulika ciMtana aura dRr3ha vizvAsa / AcArya mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM ahiMsA jIvana kA darzana hai| vaha vyakti ke lie Avazyaka hai| usakA apanA aMtarjagata hai| vahAM bhAvoM aura vicAroM kA dvaMda hai. isalie Avazyaka hai-ahiNsaa| eka se do hoM vahAM ahiMsA kI AvazyakatA prabala bana jAtI hai| usake binA abhaya kA vAtAvaraNa nahIM hotA hai aura zAMtipUrNa vAtAvaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| hama hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI samIkSA karake hI ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI bAta soca sakate haiM hiMsA kA aMtaraMga kAraNa hai bhAvAtmaka Aveza aura Agraha / usakA bAharI kAraNa hai roTI kA abhAva-prAthamika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA abhaav| ina kAraNoM kI mImAMsA ke AdhAra para ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke cAra AyAmoM kI parikalpanA kI gaI AMtarika parivartana ke lie eka AyAma hai-hRdaya privrtn| siddhAMta ke anurUpa jIvana vyavahAra ke lie eka AyAma-ahiMsaka jIvana shailii| jIvikA naitika mUlyoM kA hAsa karane vAlI na ho tathA roTI ke abhAva meM AdamI ko hiMsA kI uttejanA na mile isa AdhAra para eka AyAma hai- samyak AjIvikA evaM AjIvikA prshikssnn| inake sAtha-sAtha eka AyAma hai-siddhAMta aura itihaas| yaha eka catuAyAmI upakrama ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA eka zaktizAlI sAdhana banegA, yaha vizvAsa ke sAtha kahA jA sakatA hai| isa maMtavya ke anurUpa ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA kArya abhinava vizvAsa ke sAtha pragatizIla bana rahA hai| ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa | 313

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ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI prakriyA ko prabhAvI banAte hue AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA isake cAra AyAma nirdhArita kiye gaye haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM-saMvega arthAt bhAvAtmaka parivartana, dRSTikoNa kA parivartana, jIvana-zailI kA parivartana tathA vyavasAya zuddhi evaM kisI eka prakAra ke vyavasAya kA prazikSaNa / mahAprajJa ne batalAyA-isameM kucha gAMdhIvAdI saMsthAeM bhI hamArA sahayoga kara rahI haiN| hama loga ahiMsA prazikSaNa zivira lagAte haiN| unameM bhAvazuddhi para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA hai| vicAra zuddhi parivartana ke lie aikAMtika Agraha se bacane ke lie anekAMta para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA hai| jIvana-zailI meM parivartana ke lie bhogavAdI manovRti meM parivartana ke lie aNuvrata kA pracAra-prasAra pahale se bhI ho rahA hai| vyAvasAyika prazikSaNa ke lie khAdI, grAmodyogoM ke vikAsa ke rUpa meM kucha gAMdhIvAdI saMsthAoM kA sahayoga mila rahA haiN| Aja kala kampyUTara prazikSaNa bhI vyAvasAyika prazikSaNa kI dizA meM eka upAya ho sakatA hai| bhAvoM ke parivartana ke binA dRSTikoNa, jIvana-zailI tathA vyavasthA kA bhI parivartana nahIM ho sktaa| isalie bhAva parivartana para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA hai| uddezya evaM AdhAra ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke saMbaMdha meM yociso kI jijJAsA thI ki TreniMga kA prArUpa kyA hogA? samAhita karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-sainikoM ko pareDa karAI jAtI hai, vyAyAma karAyA jAtA hai| usakA uddezya sainikoM ke zarIra ko majabUta banAnA hai| ahiMsA ke lie mana aura citta ko prazikSita karanA jarUrI hai| ahiMsA majabUta zarIra se nahIM majabUta mana se phalita hogii| dharma, ahiMsA aura abhaya kI bhAvanA se vyakti ko bhAvita kiyA jAe to ahiMsA ke prati saghana niSThA kA udaya sahaja bnegaa| isake vikAsa ke lie mastiSkIya prazikSaNa kA upakrama apekSita hai| kathana meM bahuvidha tathyoM kA samAveza hai| ahiMsA ke vikAsa hetu AMtarika bala kA vikAsa, vIratA, parAkrama, kahIM bhI hiMsA ke sAmane ghuTane na Tekane kA prabala saMkalpa, adamya Atma-vizvAsa-ye ahiMsA kI zarte haiM jo ahiMsA prazikSaNa se zaktizAlI banatI haiN| binA prazikSaNa ke ahiMsA ko tejasvI banAne kI bAta saMbhava nahIM hai| aura na hI mastiSkIya kSamatA ke jAgaraNa kI bAta ghaTita ho sakatI hai| Aja ke manovaijJAnika isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki abhI taka manuSya ke mastiSka kA pA~ca-chaha pratizata hI vikAsa ho pAyA hai| zeSabhAga ko bhI jAgRta aura vikasita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa bindu para ahiMsA ke zodha kI, prayoga kI aura prazikSaNa kI eka apekSA bana jAtI hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA mukhya uddezya hai-acche vyakti kA nirmANa athavA ahiMsAniSTha vyakti kA nirmaann| isakA AdhArabhUta tattva hai-hRdy-privrtn| hRdaya-parivartana ke binA ahiMsA kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| isakA vAcaka zabda hai bhAvAtmaka privrtn| hRdaya hamAre zarIra kA vaha kSetra hai jahA~ bhAva janma lete haiM aura ye zarIra, vANI aura mana ko prabhAvita karate haiN| Ayurveda ke anusAra hRdaya do haiN| eka phuphphusa ke nIce aura dUsarA mastiSka meN| mastiSkIya hRdaya kI pahacAna avacetaka (hAipothelemasa) se kI gaI hai| vaha bhAvadhArA kA udgama srota hai| vahA~ bhAva janma lete haiM aura abhivyakta hote haiN| hiMsA upajatI hai bhAvataMtra meM pazcAt vicAra meM utaratI hai aura phira AcaraNa meN| ataH ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA pahalA kendra hai-bhaav-vishuddhi| ____ bhAva-vizuddhi mastiSkIya zodhana para nirbhara hai| mahAprajJa kI dRSTi meM manuSya ke dimAga ko prazikSita kie binA koI AdamI bar3A kAma nahIM kara sktaa| mastiSkIya prazikSaNa ke abhAva meM koI bhI 314 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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parivartana ho sake, mujhe nahIM lgtaa|......hiNsaa kevala sImAoM para hI nahIM bhar3akatI hai, vaha to prANI ke mastiSka meM paidA hotI hai| pahale vaha manuSya ke mastiSka meM upajatI hai phira samarAMgaNa meM utaratI hai| isalie ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI mahattA hai|7 ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke dvArA mastiSkIya dhulAI hotI hai| hiMsaka vRttiyoM ko uddIpana dene vAlA hai-enimala bren| isakA pariSkAra aura parizodhana karake hiMsaka vRttiyoM ke uddIpana ko rokA jA sakatA hai| mahAprajJa ne likhA hamAre mastiSka kI bar3I vicitra racanA hai| itane prakoSTha haiM ki hara AdamI soca hI nahIM sktaa| araboM-kharaboM nyUraoNnsa aura unake kanekzana haiN| mastiSka meM krodha ko paidA karane vAlA taMtra hai to use rokane vAlA taMtra bhI hai| krodha paidA karane vAlA taMtra jyAdA sakriya hogA to rokane vAlA taMtra kahegA, abhI itanA teja krodha mata kro| itanA karoge to tumhAre hArTa para asara ho jaaegaa| jyAdA gussA AtA hai to hArTa para asara honA svAbhAvika hai| jyAdA gusse se kucha loga mara jAte haiN| isalie itanA gussA mata karo, thor3A saMyama rkho| uttejaka aura niyaMtraka donoM taMtra hamAre bhItara haiN| hiMsA ko preraNA dene vAlA taMtra bhI hamAre mastiSka meM hai| zAMti aura azAMti paidA karane vAle donoM taMtra bhI hamAre mastiSka meM haiN| jIvana ke prati sammAna paidA karane ke lie yaha jarUrI hai ki hiMsA, azAMti aura uttejanA se sakriya mastiSka taMtra ko sulAyA jAe tathA jo zAMti aura ahiMsA kA taMtra soyA par3A hai use jagAyA jaae| isa prakriyA meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI ahama bhUmikA mahAprajJa ne batalAI hai| siddhAMta kI bAta manuSya ke jAgRta mana (kAMziyasa mAiMDa) taka pahuMcatI hai| parivartana kA kSetra hai antarmana (anakAMziyasa maaiNdd)| prazikSaNa dvArA antarmana ko jAgRta kiyA jA sakatA hai, vyavahAra ko badalA jA sakatA hai, hiMsA kI cetanA kA rUpAMtaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie prazikSaNa kI vidhi para sabako gaMbhIra ciMtana karanA caahie| dharma kevala siddhAMta kI bAta na rhe| usakA avataraNa jIvana-vyavahAra meM ho, isakI Aja bahuta bar3I apekSA hai| yaha ciMtana AcArya mahAprajJa ne vizvadharma sammelana meM samaveta prabuddha logoM ke bIca rkhaa| samagra vyUha racanA vizva vyApI samasyAoM ke prati dhyAna kendrita karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne batAyA-padArtha kA abhAva padArtha kA asaMvibhAga garIbI kI samasyA paidA kara rahA hai| artha kA ati saMgraha athavA artha kA prabhAva amIrI kI samasyA paidA kara rahA hai; niSedhAtmaka bhAva bhAvAtmaka samasyA paidA kara rahA hai| unhoMne na kevala samasyA ko ukerA apit unase mukti pAne kA upakrama bhI batAyA niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM se mukti pAne ke lie jarUrI hai saMvega niyaMtraNa kA prshikssnn| garIbI kI samasyA se mukti pAne ke lie jarUrI hai saMyama pradhAna jIvana-zailI kA prshikssnn| saMvibhAga kI cetanA ke jAgaraNa hetu saMvega niyaMtraNa aura saMyama kI cetanA kA vikAsa jarUrI hai| ina sUtroM ke dvArA vizva vyApI azAMti para niyaMtraNa sthApita kara zAMti kA mArga prazasta kiyA jAye yaha vizva cetanA kI pukAra hai| ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI AdhArabhUmi samyak darzana hai| dRSTikoNa meM bdlaav| vastu-jagat aura bhAva-jagat donoM saccAI hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA saMbaMdha ina donoM saccAiyoM se jur3A huA hai cUMki vastu jagat meM parivartana nahIM hotA to hiMsA bar3hegI aura bhAva-jagat meM parivartana nahIM hotA hai to ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa | 315

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hiMsA ko adhika panapane kA maukA milegaa| yadyapi ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa bhAva-jagat kA prazikSaNa hai para isakA saMbaMdha samAja-vyavasthA, artha-vyavasthA aura rAjya-vyavasthA ke sAtha hai para sabase ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai bhAva-jagat ke saath| isa maMthana ke AdhAra para ahiMsA-prazikSaNa kA svarUpa ubhayAtmaka rkhaa| vastu jagat se sabaMdha rakhane vAlI hiMsA ko kama karane aura ahiMsA ko pratiSThita karane ke lie prazikSaNa ke saMdarbha aura samAdhAyaka sUtra AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA khoje gye| ve nimna haiMhiMsA kA saMdarbha ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA sUtra 1. asaMtulita samAja vyavasthA ahiMsaka jIvana kA prazikSaNa 2. asaMtulita rAjanaitika vyavasthA lokatantrIya jIvana-zailI kA prazikSaNa 3. zastrIkaraNa kI samasyA mAnavIya astitva kI surakSA kA prazikSaNa 4. jAtIya aura raMgabheda kI samasyA mAnavIya ekatA kA prazikSaNa 5. sAMpradAyika samasyA dharma yA satya kI maulika ekatA kA prazikSaNa 6. mAnavIya saMbaMdhoM kA asaMtulana samatA aura AtmatulA ke siddhAMta kA prazikSaNa 7. Arthika spardhA aura abhAva vyaktigata svAmitva kI sImA tathA vyaktigata upabhoga kI sImA kA prazikSaNa aMtarjagat se jur3I hiMsA ke niyaMtraNa hetu prazikSaNa-prayoga 8. mAnasika tanAva kAyotsarga aura zvAsa prekSA kA prazikSaNa 9. vaicArika matabheda anekAMta kA prazikSaNa 10. bhAvAtmaka asaMtulana caitanyakendra-prekSA aura lezyAdhyAna kA prazikSaNa 11. vyaktigata rAsAyanika asaMtulana prekSAdhyAna ke pAMca caraNoM kA prshikssnn|" vastu-jagat aura bhAva-jagat se jur3e ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke ina sUtroM meM yathArtha kA samAkalana hai| ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai-hRdaya parivartana athavA mastiSkIya prazikSaNa / parivartana kI pRSThabhUmi meM hiMsA ke kAraNoM kA ullekha evaM usake samAdhAyaka sUtroM kA manana saMdarbhita hogAhiMsA ke hetu pariNAma 1. lobha adhikAra kI mnovRtti| 2. bhaya zastra-nirmANa aura zastra kA pryog| 3. vaira-virodha pratizodha kI mnovRtti| 4. krodha kalahapUrNa sAmudAyika jiivn| 5. ahaMkAra ghRNA, jAtibheda ke kAraNa chuAchUta, raMgabheda janita doss| 6. krUratA zoSaNa, htyaa| 7. asahiSNutA sAmpradAyika jhgdd'aa| 8. nirapekSa vyavahAra sAmudAyika jIvana meM pArasparika asahayoga kI mnovRtti| ye saMvega vyakti ko hiMsaka banAte haiN| hRdaya parivartana kA artha hai-ina saMvegoM kA pariSkAra karanA, inake sthAna para naye saMskAra bIjoM kA vapana krnaa| naye saMskAra bIjoM kA vapana mastiSkIya prazikSaNa kA mukhya aMga hai jisakI niSpatti kA Akalana nimna haiprazikSaNa prakriyA niSpatti 1. zarIra aura padArtha ke prati amUrchA bhAva kA prazikSaNa . lobha kA anudaya 316 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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2. abhaya kA prazikSaNa / zastra-nirmANa aura zastra kA vyavasAya bhaya kA anudaya na karane kI saMkalpa zakti kA prazikSaNa / vaira-virodha kA anudaya 3. maitrI kA prazikSaNa / pratizodhAtmaka manovRtti se bacane ka prazikSaNa / * 4. kSamA kA prazikSaNa / 5. vinamratA kA prazikSaNa, ahiMsaka pratirodha kA prazikSaNa, anyAya ke prati asahayoga kA prazikSaNa / 6. karuNA kA prazikSaNa / 7. sAmpradAyika sadbhAva kA prazikSaNa, bhinna vicAroM ko sahane kA prazikSaNa / 8. sApekSa ciMtana kA prazikSaNa / nirapekSa ciMtana kA abhAva 9. sApekSa vyavahAra kA prazikSaNa / nirapekSa vyavahAra kA abhAva niSedhAtmaka bhAva kA abhAva 10. vidhAyaka bhAva kA prazikSaNa / samasyA aura samAdhAna ke Aloka meM hRdaya parivartana banAma mastiSka prazikSaNa kI yaha maulika prakriyA aura usake pariNAma ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke mahattva ko ujAgara karate haiM / * * * * krodha kA anudaya ahaMkAra kA anudaya * krUratA kA anudaya asahiSNutA kA anudaya jIvana kI AdibhUta ikAI bacapana meM ahiMsA ke saMskAra kaise vikasita ho ? isa ora dhyAna keMdrita karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne baccoM ke lie ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke sUtra batalAye haiM- 1. svastha vyakti 2. svastha samAja / niSpatti hai - zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva, ImAnadArI, naitikatA Adi kA vyavahAra / ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI samagra vyUha racanA meM aneka saMdarbha sUtroM kI saMyojanA svIkRta hai / pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se ahiMsA vikAsa meM sahabhAgitA hai / usakA saMkSipta vimarza sAmayika hogA / ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kA eka sUtra hai - ' anAvazyaka hiMsA ke varjana kI cetanA ko jagAnA / udAharaNa ke taura / para pAnI kA apavyaya, khanija padArthoM kA atirikta dohana, niraparAdha prANiyoM aura manuSyoM kI hatyA, yaha anAvazyaka hiMsA hai|" isakA pariSkAra ahiMsA vikAsa ke lie jarUrI hai / jIvana-vyavahAra meM ghaTita hone vAlI hiMsA-ahiMsA ke prati jAgarUkatA paidA karanA ahiMsA-prazikSaNa kA mahattvapUrNa kArya hai| isa ora dhyAna keMdrita karate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA- jaba se ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kA svara ubharA, ahiMsA prazikSaNa para do kAnphreMsesa huIM duniyA kA dhyAna isa ora AkRSTa huA hai / aneka patra Ae, yaha jijJAsA mukhara huI - ahiMsA - prazikSaNa kI vidhi kyA hai? sAmAnyataH ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA matalaba hai-kahIM lar3AI ho rahI ho to zAnti sainika vahA~ jAeM, unheM samajhA-bujhAkara zAMta kareM / yaha eka koNa ho sakatA hai / ise hama ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI paripUrNa vidhi nahIM mAna skte| hiMsA aura ahiMsA ko hamane yuddha aura zAMti ke kSetra taka hI sImita kara diyA / vastutaH yaha jIvana kA vyavahAra hai| hara vyakti ke jIvana meM bAra-bAra hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke kSaNa Ate hI rahate haiM / isase virata hone ke lie hama mUla se caleM / AhAra kA prazikSaNa, svAsthya kA prazikSaNa aura phira saMvegoM ke saMtulana kA prazikSaNa, yahA~ se hamArI ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI yAtrA zurU ho / jIvana se jur3e abhinna tathyoM kA yaha saMgrahaNa ahiMsA - prazikSaNa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA eka ghaTaka hai- AhAra kA prazikSaNa / bhojana aura hiMsA meM gaharA saMbaMdha hai / prazna hai bhojana sAttvika hai yA tAmasika ? isakA pariNAma kaisA hotA hai ? isa saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa / 317

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kA maMtavya hai ki yadi AhAra meM madya-mAMsa kA prayoga hotA hai to usase hiMsA kI pravRtti ko bar3hAvA milegaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhAratIya samAja ko leM yA bAhara ke samAja ko leN| jina logoM ko lar3AI meM jyAdA rahanA par3A, jo surakSA ke morcoM para rahe, lar3anA hI jinakA pezA bana gayA, una kSatriyoM ke lie madya aura mAMsa kI khulI chUTa samAja ne dii| jaba lar3AI meM hI rahanA hai to zarAba aura mAMsa kA sahArA avazya hai| aisI sthiti meM krUra bananA par3egA, dayA aura saMvedanazIlatA khatma karanI pdd'egii| saMvedana hIna hue binA hiMsA ho hI nahIM sktii| vartamAna meM AtaMkavAda ke prazikSaNa meM prazikSuoM ko saMvedanahIna banane kA prazikSaNa diyA jAtA hai| AhAra aura hiMsA kA saMbaMdha hai| ise vaijJAnika dharAtala para prastuti milii| AdamI jo bhojana karatA hai, usase zarIra meM aneka prakAra ke rasAyana vanate haiN| bhojana ke dvArA mastiSka meM nyUro-TrAMsamITara banate haiM. jo taMtra ke saMpoSaka hote haiN| inake dvArA mastiSka zarIra kA saMcAlana karatA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne cAlIsa prakAra ke nyUro-TrAMsamITaroM kA patA lagA liyA hai| ye sAre bhojana se banate haiN| bhojana ke dvArA emino esiDa Adi aneka prakAra ke esiDa banate haiN| yUrika esiDa jahara hai vaha bhI bhojana se banatA hai| jisa bhojana se viSa adhika banatA hai, vaisA bhojana karane para mAnasika samasyAe~ paidA hotI haiM, bhAvAtmaka ulajhane bar3hatI hai aura hiMsA kI vRtti bar3hatI hai| isa vaijJAnika vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para hiMsaka-ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM bhojana kI ahama bhUmikA hai| mahAprajJa ne isa tathya kI puSTi kI ki prAcIna kAla meM bhojana ke isa pahalU para bahuta vicAra kiyA gayA ki kyA khAne se kyA hotA hai| Aja ke vaijJAnika vizleSaNa ne isa pahalU ke sAtha-sAtha dUsare pahalU para bhI bahuta dhyAna diyA hai ki kisa prakAra ke bhojana kI pUrti na hone para kyA hotA hai| donoM pahalU hamAre sAmane haiM- . kisa vastu ke khAne se kyA hotA hai? . kisa vastu kI pUrti na hone para kyA hotA hai? eka prAcIna pahalU aura eka nayA pahalU hai| eka AdamI bahuta cir3acir3A hai| cir3acir3A kyoM hai? isakI khoja karane para lagatA hai ki usameM viTAmina 'e' kI kamI hai| prati sau kyUbika seMTImITara meM cInI kI mAtrA 90 se 110 milIgrAma honI caahie| jisameM isase kama cInI hotI hai, usake zarIra para asara A jAtA hai| yadi adhika kama hotI hai to bhAvAtmaka asara AtA hai. usakA svabhAva bigaDa jAtA hai| yahAM taka ki vaha AdamI hatyArA cir3acir3A bana jAtA hai| aneka AdamI nirAzA se grasta ho jAte haiM yaha rasAyanoM kI kamI ke kAraNa hotA hai| AdamI DaratA hai| vaha niraMtara bhayagrasta hotA hai| bhaya lagane ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiN| usameM eka kAraNa hai-viTAmina 'bI' kI kmii| isa prakAra aneka rasAyana bhaya, avasAda, hatyA Adi vattiyoM ko paidA karane vAle hote haiN| AdhyAtmika aura vaijJAnika vizleSaNa ke sAtha bhojana kA viveka ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA mahattvapUrNa bindu banatA hai| zarIra aura ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha hai ataH ahiMsA-zikSaNa kA eka pahalU svAsthya-viveka bhI hai| mahAprajJa kahate mAnasika aura bhAvanAtmaka svAsthya kI bAta ko chor3a deM, zArIrika svAsthya kA bhI hamArI hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke sAtha gaharA saMbaMdha hai| Aja yaha vaijJAnika adhyayana kA viSaya banA huA hai| agara lIvara kI kriyA ThIka nahIM hai to vyakti meM hiMsA kI bhAvanA paidA ho jaaegii| hAipara esiDiTI hai to bure vicAra, bure bhAva paidA hote cale jaaeNge| rakta meM glUkoja kI kamI hai to AtmahatyA yA dUsaroM kI hatyA kI bhAvanAe~ paidA hogii| snAyutaMtra kA saMtulana nahIM hai, antaH srAvI granthiyoM ke rasAyana saMtulita paidA nahIM ho rahe haiM to hiMsA kI bhAvanA paidA ho jaaegii| isa sUkSma mImAMsA ke sAtha svAsthya viveka kA jJAna ahiMsA-prazikSaNa kI pravidhi meM atyanta jarUrI hai| zArIrika prazikSaNa 318 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ke jo ghaTaka nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM ve nimna haiM-Asana aura prANAyAma / padmAsana, zazAMkAsana, yogamudrA, vajrAsana, sarvAMgAsana, matsyAsana, godohikAsana Adi Asana nAr3I taMtra aura graMthitaMtra ko prabhAvita karate haiN| inake dvArA hiMsA ke zArIrika utpAdaka tattva kSINa hote haiN| anuloma-viloma, candrabhedI, nAr3Izodhana, ujjAI aura zItalI Adi prANAyAma zarIra meM viSANuoM kA virecana karate haiN| pariNAmataH zarIra svastha banatA hai aura ahiMsA vikAsa kI prakriyA sugama ho jAtI hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA eka ghaTaka hai-'jIvanazailI kA privrtn|' jaba taka ahiMsA kI jIvana zailI ko apanAyA nahIM jAegA, AdamI sukhI aura zAMti se jI nahIM sktaa| kitanA bhI dhanI ho, kuberapati ho, ahiMsA kI jIvana zailI yadi nahIM hai to vyakti jIvana meM duHkha hI bhogegA, sukha use nasIba nahIM hogaa| agara jIvana zailI ahiMsA kI ho jAe to bahuta sArI samAsyAoM kA samAdhAna svataH ho jaaegaa| isake binA ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI bAta pUrI nahIM hogii| jIvana zailI ke mukhya nau sUtroM-samyak darzana, anekAnta, ahiMsA, samaNa saMskRti, icchA parimANa, samyak AjIvikA, samyak saMskAra, AhArazuddhi va vyasana mukti, sAdharmika vAtsalya kA anuzIlana Avazyaka hai| ___ hiMsA kA eka bar3A kAraNa hai-mAnasika asvaasthy| 'hiMsA vaha vyakti karatA hai jo mAnasika dRSTi se bImAra hai|' mAnasika asvasthatA indriyoM ke ucchRkhala prayoga se paidA hotI hai| ataH mAnasika svasthatA ke lie indriyoM para eka sImA taka niyantraNa aura AMtarika vRttiyoM kA zodhana ahiMsA vikAsa ke lie jarUrI hai| zodhana-pariSkAra aura niyantraNa, yahI hai adhyaatm| isa dizA meM prasthAna kie vinA ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI bAta saphala nahIM hogii| ataH vRttiyoM aura AzravoM kA zodhana hai Antarika shodhn| yaha bhItara cle| bAhara meM indriyoM kA pratyAhAra (saMyama) cleN| ye donoM prakriyAeM calegI to ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI bAta Age bddh'egii| isake sAtha hI mahAprajJa ne mAnasika prazikSaNa ke mahattvapUrNa sAdhanoM kA ullekha kiyaa| unameM pramukha haiM-dhyAna, kAyotsarga, dIrghazvAsa-prekSA aadi| ye prayoga mAnasika ekAgratA ke vikAsa meM sahayogI banate haiN| caMcalatA jitanI kama utanI hI hiMsA kama / caMcalatA jitanI adhika utanI hI hiMsA adhik| nirdiSTa prayogoM ke dvArA caMcalatA ko niyaMtrita kara mAnasika stara para ahiMsA kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| adhyAtma ke Aloka meM mahAprajJa ne batAyA ki-zArIrika aura mAnasika prazikSaNa se adhika Avazyaka hai bhAvanAtmaka prshikssnn| usake sAdhana haiM-caitanya kendra kA dhyAna aura AbhAmaNDalIya leshyaadhyaan| ina prayogoM ke dvArA zarIra ke bhItara do sUkSma zarIra haiM-zaTala baoNDI (tejasa zarIra) aura zaTaleTa baoNDI (kArmaNa shriir)| ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa ke lie ina zarIroM taka pahu~canA jarUrI hai|" anuprekSA ke prayoga zArIrika, mAnasika aura bhAvAtmaka-tInoM prazikSaNa ke lie upayogI hai para ahiMsA vikAsa ke lie pA~ca anuprekSAoM kA abhyAsa anivArya hai * abhaya kI anuprekSA . sahiSNutA kI anuprekSA . karuNA kI anuprekSA * maitrI kI anuprekSA . svAvalambana kI anuprekssaa| ina anuprekSAoM kA prayoga bhAvAtmaka ahiMsA ko paripuSTa banAtA hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA eka maulika ghaTaka hai-bhAvanAtmaka privrtn| pratyeka vyakti meM vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka-donoM bhAvoM ke srota vidyamAna rahate haiN| niSedhAtmaka bhAva hiMsA ko janma dete haiM aura vidhAyaka bhAva ahiMsA ko| kisa prakAra ina niSedhaka bhAvoM ko dimAga se nikAla sakeM aura kisa prakAra hamAre mastiSka meM vidhAyaka bhAvoM ko jamA sakeM isa prakAra kriyAnviti ke lie eka prayoga ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa / 319

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kI carcA mahAprajJa ne kii| usakI prakriyA hai-kAyotsarga kI mudrA meM baiTha jAe~ aura nirvicAra avasthA kA abhyAsa kreN| mastiSka ko eka bAra vicAroM se khAlI kara deM, zUnya kara deN| vaha nirvicAra aura nirvikalpa bana jaae| mastiSka meM koI vicAra nahIM aura koI vikalpa nhiiN| nirvikalpa hone kA matalaba hai kAlAtIta ho jaanaa| na koI atIta kI smRti, na koI bhaviSya kI kalpanA aura na koI vartamAna kA cintana / tInoM kAloM se mukt|......kuch kSaNa nirvicAra raheM, nirvikalpa rheN| isa abhyAsa se eka prakAra se mastiSka kI dhulAI zurU ho jAtI hai| brena vAziMga kA krama zurU ho jAtA hai| yaha mastiSkIya dhulAI vyakti ko Age bar3hA detI hai| jaba pA~ca minaTa yA dasa minaTa taka isa avasthA kA abhyAsa kara leM, phira nayA mor3a leM ki dasa minaTa nirvikalpa rheN| phira dasa minaTa prayoga kareM niSedhAtmaka vicAroM ko khojane kA ki dimAga meM kahA~-kahA~ niSedhAtmaka bhAva aura vicAra bhare par3e haiM, saMcita haiN| unheM khojane kA prayAsa kreN| unheM TaToleM, khojeN| yaha krama dasa minaTa taka cle| dasa minaTa taka vidhAyaka bhAvoM, vidhAyaka vicAroM ko doharAte rheN| yaha 40 minaTa ke prazikSaNa kA krama bana gyaa| eka prayogAtmaka pATha bana gyaa| cAlIsa minaTa kA yaha prayoga ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA pahalA prayoga bana jaaegaa| nirvicAra avasthA, niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM ko bAhara nikAlane kA upakrama, vidhAyaka bhAvA ko sthApita karane kA prayatna aura vidhAyaka bhAvoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke lie unakI anuprekSA yA punarAvartana-yaha krama calatA hai to ahiMsaka vyaktitva kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| aise hI anya mahattvapUrNa prayoga ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI dRSTi se sujhAye gaye haiN| gati tatvaH preraNA protsAhana mAnavIya arhatA ko ujAgara karane vAlI mahattvapUrNa kar3I ke rUpa meM bhI ahiMsA prazikSaNa ko prastuti milii| AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA-arhatA kA vikAsa hI jIvana kI siddhi evaM upalabdhi hai| arhatA kisI jAti, sampradAya yA bhUkhaMDa kI sImA meM nahIM baMdhatI / ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa se arhatA kA vikAsa saMbhava hai| isa kSetra meM aNavrata zikSaka saMsada ne ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke kSetra meM acchA kAma kiyA hai| saba jAtiyoM aura saMpradAyoM ke lAkhoM loga apane-apane saMpradAyoM se jur3e rahakara mAnavatA kA kAma kara rahe haiN| aise hI preraNA aura protsAhana se prazikSaNa ke kArya ko bala milatA rahA hai| aNuvrata zikSaka saMsada dvArA zivira samAyojana kI kar3I meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tapobhUmi rAjagiri meM AcArya dharmendra ke mArga darzana meM eka mAsika ahiMsA zivira meM 55 prazikSuoM ne bhAga liyaa| zikSaka bahula zivirArthiyoM ke isa dala ko abhiprerita karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA-'zikSakoM meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| kyoMki zikSakoM kA chAtroM se sIdhA samparka rahatA hai| ve yadi jAgarUka hoM to chAtroM ke komala mastiSka meM susaMskAroM kA AropaNa sugama rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai|' prazikSuoM ne apane saMsmaNa ke sAtha nivedana kiyA AtaMkavAda, ugravAdI tathA jAtivAdI hiMsA kI jvAlAmeM pUrA bihAra dhadhaka rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM ApakI ahiMsA yAtrA evaM ahiMsA prazikSaNa se AzA kI eka naI kiraNa sphurita ho rahI hai| prakaTataH aneka prAntoM ke loga ahiMsA prazikSaNa meM rUci le rahe haiN| AvazyakatA isI bAta kI hai ki sabhI ahiMsaka zaktiyAM milakara kAma kreN| sakArAtmaka pariNAma ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI vyApaka saMyojanA se parivartana kI dizA meM sakArAtmaka soca paidA huI hai| sarvodaya 320 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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saMta zrI bAlavijaya ne AtmatoSa prakaTa kiyA- 'jhAbuA meM jIvana - vijJAna evaM ahiMsA - prazikSaNa kA jo kArya cala rahA hai vaha bahuta hI prabhAvI hai / AdivAsI loga bhI usameM rUci le raheM haiN| kucha AdivAsI yuvakoM ne svayaM prazikSaNa prApta kiyA hai aura ve pUre gAMvoM ko parivartana karane kI yojanA para kAma kara raheM hai / ' ahiMsA prazikSaNa se jur3e loga jana-jana kI ahiMsaka cetanA jAgaraNa ke punIta kArya ko jIvana kA AnaMda mAnakara kara rahe haiN| AsAma meM hema bhAI ne ahiMsA ke kSetra meM racanAtmaka kAma kiyA / unhoMne 30 hajAra logoM ko ahiMsA ke saMkalpa dilavAye haiN| unake prabhAva se aneka ugravAdI logoM ne hathiyAra chor3a diye|" yaha ahiMsAtmaka prayatnoM kI sArthakatA kA suphala hai / ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke sakArAtmaka pariNAma ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa ne AtmatoSa vyakta kiyA / hamane ahiMsA-prazikSaNa kA kArya koI upadeza, pravacana zurU se nahIM kiyA, kiMtu zarIra ke rasAyanoM meM badalAva aura parivartana lAne vAle prayogoM se zurU kiyaa| AdamI se sIdhA burAI chor3ane kI bAta ke bajAya, pahale use vizvAsa meM liyaa| deza ke kaI bhAgoM meM yaha kArya cala rahA hai| naitikatA kA prazikSaNa aura sAtha meM rojagAra kA prazikSaNa / cunautipUrNa kArya parivartana kI misAla kAyama karane vAlA yaha upakrama pariNAmoM kI dRSTi se kAphI saphala rhaa| saphalatA ke dUsare chora para ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke lie eka kar3I cunautI bhI hai / jaba kAryakartA ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA mizana lekara bihAra ke AtaMkagrasta kSetra meM pahalI bAra gaye to AtaMkavAdiyoM ne unako baMdI banA liyaa| vahAM se mukta hue to pulisavAloM ne pakar3a liyaa| unhoMne kahA- tuma AtaMkavAdiyoM se mile hue ho| bar3I muzkila se unase mukti milii| " para parivartana kI dizA meM bar3hA yaha abhiyAna ina bAdhAoM se kahA rUkane vAlA thA ? dina-pratidina gatizIla banatA jA rahA hai / parivartana kI kahAnI : apanI jubAnI ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI prayogabhUmi para aneka logoM ne apane jIvana kI dizA aura dazA ko badalA hai| isake gavAha hai logoM ke apane bayAna / svayaM ko kamyunisTa aura ahiMsA meM vizvAsa na hone kI duhAI dene vAle patrakAra mahodaya ne AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA zAMti kI anubhUti ke AhvAna para tIna dinoM taka zivira meM bhAga liyaa| tIsare dina vaha AcArya mahAprajJa ke pAsa AyA aura bhaktipUrvaka praNAma karate hue kahA - 'aba ApakI bAta se sahamata hU~ / ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke prayogoM se merA mana zAMta ho gayA hai| maiM isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hU~ ki ahiMsA se hI zAMti saMbhava hai / ' zAMti kI Dagara ko upalabdha rAjagira, ahiMsA prazikSaNa zivira meM samAgata sI. AI.pI. ke nAlaMdA jile ke bhatahara prakhaMDa saratharI ke zrI rAmAdhIna prasAda ne batAyA ki pahale merA hiMsA se jur3e hue logoM samparka thaa| ataH mere pAsa lAyaMsa zudA rivAlvara bhI thA / para ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa prApta kara maiMne yaha nizcaya kiyA hai ki apanA rivAlvara becakara usase prApta dhana kA ahiMsA ke pracAra meM upayoga kruuNgaa| maiM bihAra ke gAMvoM meM ahiMsA aura aNuvrata kI alakha jgaauuNgaa| 12 ye anubhava ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke svarNima dastAvez2a hai / isa kar3I se jur3e hue anekoM udAharaNa hai / deza ke kaI prAMto meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA prabhAvI kAryakrama cala rahA hai| bihAra aura jhArakhaMDa ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa / 321

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ke hiMsAgrasta kSetroM meM prazikSaNa diyA jAtA hai| isake pariNAma bhI bahuta acche Ae haiN| bar3e-bar3e khUkhAra AdamI bhI badala jAte hai| asama meM acche-acche yuvaka, jo hiMsA kA rAstA pakar3a cuke the aura ulphA jaise saMgaThanoM ke sAtha kAma kara rahe the, unhoMne hathiyAra rakha diye aura ahiMsA kA kAma karane kA saMkalpa vyakta kiyaa| eka yuvaka ne apanI svacAlita rAiphala sauMpate hue kahA-'abhI taka isase maiM logoM ko mAratA thaa| aba jise maiM isako becUMgA vahI mAregA, isalie maiM ise becUMgA nahIM, naSTa kara duuNgaa|' aisA hotA hai saMvega niyaMtraNa ke dvaaraa| agara hama mastiSka dhulAI yA brenavaoNziMga kara sakeM aura hRdaya parivartana yA cetanA kA rUpAMtaraNa kara sakeM to phira sArI samasyAe~ sulajha jaaeNgii| ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke lie AcArya mahAprajJa ne saMvega niyaMtraNa para vizeSa bala diyaa| kyoMki hiMsA kA mukhya kAraNa saMvega kA asaMtulana hI hai| yadi saMvegoM para niyaMtraNa ho jAe to vyakti hiMsA se kAphI hada taka baca sakatA hai| Arthika samasyA ko hala karane meM bhI prayatna rata haiN| pichale do dazaka se ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA kArya cala rahA hai| usameM sakriyatA AI hai| AMkar3e bolate haiM prayogadharmI rASTrasaMta AcArya mahAprajJa ne vaijJAnika pravidhi ke anurUpa 'ahiMsA prazikSaNa' kA praNanayana kara parivartana kI mizAla kAyama kii| rozanI baTorane kA jimmA aNuvrata vizvabhAratI kI sakriya zAkhA 'aNuvrata-zikSaka saMsada' ke hAthoM thmaa| saMsaMda ke rASTrIya adhyakSa ke anusAra 'aNuvrata zikSaka saMsaMda' ne aba taka 34 sAptAhika ziviroM meM 1834 logoM ko prazikSaNa diyaa| 18 mAsika ziviroM meM 666 logoM ko prazikSaNa diyaa| ahiMsA prazikSaka-prazikSaNa kendra pramukha rUpa se rAjasamaMda, Tamakora evaM caNDIgar3ha meM sthApita hai|'' ahiMsA prazikSaNa kendroM kA rAjyAnusAra vivaraNa (30 sitaMbara 2010) S.NO. STATE TRAINING CENTER SHORT T. C R .N.T.C TOTAL 1 177 ___12 Rajasthan Punjab Maharashtra Andhrapradesh Bihar Jharkhand Utterpradesh Haryana Madhyapradesh 38 129 192 359 rASTrIya aNuvrata zikSaka saMsada bhArata deza ke 9 rAjyoM meM 361 ahiMsA prazikSaNa kendra sthApita kara ahiMsaka cetanA va mAnava mUlyoM ke vikAsa kA kArya kara rahI hai| lAkhoM vyakti lAbhAnvita hue haiN| kendroM kI saMkhyA meM prativarSa ijAfA ho rahA hai| 322 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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AMkar3e isake gavAha hai / ahiMsA saMkalpita chAtra dasa lAkha picahattara hajAra ( 1076203) baneM / ahiMsA prazikSaNa saMcAlita vidyAlayoM kI saMkhyA 569 hai| prazikSakoM dvArA 1 lAkha 95 hajAra sadasyoM yAni chAtroM evaM abhibhAvakoM meM, zikSakoM meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa diyA gayA / ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA prAyogika upakrama bhArata ke vibhinna rAjyoM meM kendra sthApana va svataMtra rUpa se kitanA vyavasthita rUpa se calatA hai isakI eka jhalaka 'ahiMsA prazikSaNa yAtrA DAyarI' meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / ahiMsA kI vyApaka pratiSThA ke lie mahAprajJa satat aMtima niHzvAsa taka prayatnazIla rhe| isakI saMsatuti unake dvArA pradatta ghoSaNA patroM meM dekha sakate haiN| sUrata AdhyAtmika ghoSaNA patra kA pUraka patra ratalAma ahiMsA ghoSaNA patra ko batalAte hue usameM kriyAnviti kA ullekha kiyaa| mahAprajJa ne batalAyA ki yadi Apake mana meM karuNA aura saMvedanazIlatA hai to eka rUpa hogA- vikAsa ke srota khuleMge, anyathA lar3AI-jhagar3A, khIMcatAna aura kekar3A manovRtti panapegI / ahiMsA kA prayoga pahale vyakti svayaM kare, phira saMsthAoM meM kare, samAja meM kare to svastha samAja racanA ke prayAsa saphala ho sakate haiN| Aja ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hA hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA prayoga ubhayadharmA honA cAhie / cetanA kA parivartana, vyavasthA kA parivartana, rojagAra kA prazikSaNa donoM sAtha cale to ahiMsA tejasvI bana sakatI hai, jana jIvana ahiMsA ke saMskAroM se anuprANita ho sakatA hai| isa prayatna ke dvArA hI ahiMsA ko lokArpita kiyA jA sakatA hai| rojagAra mUlaka vicAroM ko kriyAnviti milii| isakA svarUpa banA- samyak AjIvikA aura rojagAra kA prshikssnn| hamArI isa yAtrA meM aneka sthAnoM para ahiMsA ke kendra sthApita hue aura aNuvrata ke kAryakartAoM ne aba taka lagabhaga eka lAkha parivAroM ko isakA prazikSaNa diyA hai| rojagAra kA prazikSaNa prApta kara Aja ve bahuta acchI sthiti meM A gae haiN| jinake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM thA, ve do hajAra se lekara dasa hajAra rUpaye mAsika kamAne kI sthiti meM A gae haiN| yaha prazikSaNa kA kAma vyApaka stara para cala rahA hai / samaya-samaya para mahAprajJa ke sAnnidhya meM athavA svataMtra rUpa se ahiMsA prazikSaNa ziviroM kA samAyojana kiyA jAtA hai / aneka prAMto ke loga - jhArakhaMDa, bihAra, chattIsagar3ha, madhyapradeza, mahArASTra ityAdi se Akara zivira meM bhAga lete haiN| jahAM naksalI hiMsA kI samasyA jyAdA hai, vahAM se bhI kucha loga Ate haiM / ina ziviroM meM korA vAcika prazikSaNa nahIM diyA jaataa| dhyAna Adi ke dvArA unakI AMtarika vRttiyoM meM badalAva kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| rojagAra prazikSaNa ke mAdhyama se unheM jIvikopArjana kA prazikSaNa diyA jAtA hai| nAre lagAne kA samaya bIta cukA / yathArtha ke dharAtala para koI kAma karane kI jarUrata hai| 6 mahAprajJa ke isa maMtavya meM yathArtha kA Akalana hai| jisakA eka udAharaNa hai - sUrata kI panAsa bastI / panAsa vastI ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke antargata eka sUtra hai-rojagAra zuddhi tathA rojagAra prshikssnn| Aja verojagArI bhI eka bhayaMkara samasyA hai| rajanIkAMta bhAI ke pAsa aise logoM kI eka aisI TIma hai jo 250 prakAra ke gRha udyogoM kA prazikSaNa detI hai / panAsa bastI - sUrata meM bhI rojagAra yojanA lAgU kI gaI / aneka yuvakoM ko momabattI banAnA, DiTarajeMTa pAuDara banAnA Adi kA prazikSaNa diyA gyaa| mahilAoM ko ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa / 323

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kapar3e silanA, meha~dI racAnA Adi kalAoM kA prazikSaNa diyA gyaa| aNuvrata udyoga kendra kI sthApanA pUrvaka kucha mazIneM bhI bheMTa kI gyii| Arthika AtmanirbharatA se logoM meM vizvAsa kA nayA vAtAvaraNa bnaa| rojagAra prazikSaNa kI kar3I se jur3akara lagabhaga 18-20 hajAra logoM ne abhAva mukta jIvana jIne kA sapanA pUrA kiyA hai| sakArAtmaka kAryaH eka jhalaka ahiMsaka cetanA jAgaraNa evaM vikAsa meM AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA saMpAdita sakArAtmaka kAryoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| pratyakSa athavA apratyakSa rUpa se ahiMsA kI tejasvitA ko nikhArane evaM use paSTa karane vAle kAryoM kI lambI sUcI hai| prastuta saMdarbha meM saMkSipta vimarza vAMchita hai| saMpradAya kI saMkIrNatA se Upara uThakara AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA-'vyakti cAheM jisa sampradAya kA anugamana kreN| para mAnavadharma kA, ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana avazya kreN|' saMparka meM Ane vAle hara kisma ke logoM ko unhoMne batAyA ki mAnava dharma kI rakSA sabakA naitika dAyitva hai| dillI ke vijJAna bhavana meM popa paoNla sahita dharmAcAryoM ke madhya unhoMne kahA thA ki 'vizva ke sabhI mahAn dharmAcAryoM ko milakara yU.ena.o. kI taraha dharma saMsada kA eka majabUta saMgaThana banAnA caahie| hama saba milakara yadi vivAdAspada viSayoM para carcA karate raheM to usase bahuta phAyadA ho sakatA hai| saba loga apane dharma kA anupAlana kareM tathA yuga ke sAmane upasthita samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kareM yaha Avazyaka hai|' apane kathana ke anurUpa ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna vibhinna sampradAyoM ke lAgoM se tathA dharmagurUoM se mileN| aneka masjidoM-daragAhoM meM ge| vyApaka saMparka saadhaa| sabhI ne AcArya mahAprajJa ke udAtta ciMtana aura vyavahAra kA svAgata kiyaa| jisa vAtAvaraNa meM hama ucchavAsa le rahe haiM usake prati hamArI jAgarUkatA bddh'e| isa ora dhyAna kendrita karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-jaba taka hama pradUSaNa ke kAraNoM ko nahIM jAneMge taba taka paryAvaraNacetanA kA jAgaraNa nahIM hogaa| jaMgaloM kI kaTAI bhI baMda nahIM hogii| Aja jIvana ko itanI prAthamikatA nahIM mila rahI hai jitanI paisoM ko mila rahI hai| phrIja, e.sI. Adi sukha-suvidhAe~ paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita karane kI ora jA rahI hai| paryAvaraNa saMtulana kI dRSTi se unhoMne saMyama kI cetanA ke jAgaraNa para bala diyaa| muMbaI holasela golDa jvailarsa ezosiezana kI tarapha se AcArya mahAprajJa ke sAnnidhya meM samAyojita sammelana meM vyApAra vizuddhi kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa vicAra vimarza kiyA gyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne dIrghakAlIna saphalatA ke lie prAmANikatA ko mukhya AdhAra btaayaa| vyApAra meM prAmANikatA hI ahiMsA hai, isa bAta para bala diyA gyaa| sammelana meM yuvA vyApAriyoM ne utsAha pUrvaka vyApAra meM prAmANikatA ke prati apanI pratibaddhatA vyakta kii| ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna muMbaI sthAnIya yuvaka pariSada kI ora se AtaMkavAda, bhrUNa hatyA, sarvadharma samanvaya, vyasana, Adi kI vikRtiyoM se paricita karAne vAlI aneka jhAMkiyAM rAste meM pradarzita kI gii| jisakI darzakoM para amiTa chApa bnii| AcArya mahAprajJa ke vyApaka sakArAtmaka prayatnoM kA aMdAjA isa tathya se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne dharma kI Adhunika paribhASA prastuta kI- 'maiM jisa dharma kI vyAkhyA karanA cAhatA hU~, usakA saMbaMdha jIne kI kalA ke sAtha hai| jIne kI kalA hai-zAMti aura aanNd|' 324 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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'svastha parivAra svastha samAja' para prakAza ddaalaa| grAmoddhAra, grAma saMskRti ke nirmANa tathA saMvardhana kI yojanAoM ke bAbata adhikRta rAjanaitika vyaktiyoM ke sAtha saMparka saadhaa| Arthika dRSTi se AtmanirbharatA hetu prazikSaNa ke antargata silAI, bunAI, kar3AI, khAdya nirmANa kI kalA, vastu nirmANa kauzala, kampyUTara zikSaNa Adi gatividhiyoM ko jor3A gayA hai| saMkSepa meM mAnava jIvana kI mUlyArhatA hetu saMpAdita AcArya mahAprajJa ke maulika upakrama ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI sakArAtmaka bhUmikA ke sabUta hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI pravidhi prAcIna grantha bRhatkalpa bhASya meM nirdiSTa prazikSaNa vidhi para nirmita kI gaI hai| usakI catuH sUtrI prakriyA batalAI-pahalA sUtra hai mUla pATha kA uccaarnn| mUlapATha hai-maiM kisI niraparAdha prANI kA saMkalpapUrvaka vadha nahIM kruuNgaa| Atma hatyA nahIM kruuNgaa| parahatyA nahIM kruuNgaa| bhrUNahatyA nahIM kruuNgaa| dUsarA sUtra hai-artha bodha / tIsarA sUtra hai adhigm| yaha pUcho ki tumhArI samajha meM AyA yA nahIM aayaa| adhigata kiyA yA nahIM kiyA? cauthA sUtra hai-shrddhaa| isa viSaya meM jo pATha paDhAyA, jo artha batAyA aura jo tamane samajhA, usameM tamhArI zraddhA paidA haI yA nahIM haI? prazikSaNa kA yaha mahattvapUrNa sUtra AcArya saMghadAsa aura AcArya malayagiri ne diyaa| isa vidhi ke sAtha mahAprajJa ne Adhunika-vaijJAnika vidhA kA samAveza kara ahiMsA-prazikSaNa kI pravidhi ko adhika zaktizAlI banAyA hai| isa pravidhi meM aneka prayogoM kA samAveza gahana maMthana ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI vizuddha prakriyA ahiMsA vikAsa meM yogabhUta banegI aura usake pariNAma mAnava jAti ke lie AnaMdadAyI hoNge| apekSA hai isake vyApaka prayoga kii| prayoga kI saphalatA ke mAnaka haiM-bhAva parivartana, jIvana zailI meM parivartana, dRSTikoNa meM parivartana aura AjIvikA kA prshikssnn| inake sakArAtmaka pariNAma mAnava jAti ke lie varadAna siddha hoNge| ___ manISI dvaya ne ahiMsA prazikSaNa ko ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM mahattvapUrNa btlaayaa| vaiziSTya isa bAta kA hai ki gAMdhI ne ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke taura para zAMti senA ke saMgaThana ko mahattva diyA vahIM mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI samagra prakriyA ko siddhAMta se adhika prAyogika svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM nirdiSTa prakriyA mahattvapUrNa siddha huI hai| ahiMsA kI takanIka : ahiMsA prazikSaNa / 325

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hRdaya parivartana eka vimarza ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kA AdhAra bindu hai cetanA kA rUpAMtaraNa / cetanA rUpAMtaraNa ke abhAva meM 'ahiMsA' zabda kA sahasra japa mAtra vAgvilAsa hai / ahiMsA kI AsthA se kArya karane vAloM ke samakSa bahuta bar3A prazna hai- ahiMsA ne kyA kiyA ? mAnava mana kI zAMti ahiMsA bahAla karA sakatI hai? vizva zAMti kA sapanA ahiMsA meM dekhA jA sakatA hai ? ityAdi praznoM ke Aloka meM manISiyoM ne nAnA samAdhAna khoje| gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ke Aloka meM hRdaya parivartana ko mahattva diyaa| unakA mAnanA thA ki jaba taka sAmane vAle kA hRdaya hamArI ahiMsA kI AMca se pighala na jAye taba taka svayaM ko ahiMsA kI agni meM tapAte raheM / unakA apanA eka tarIkA thA usake anurUpa unhoMne upavAsa ke aneka alpakAlika evaM dIrghakAlika prayoga kiye, saphalatA bhI milii| mahAprajJa ne hRdaya parivartana kI na kevala mImAMsA kI apitu prayogAtmaka stara para prekSAdhyAna kI pravidhi prastuta kii| usakA vistRta vimarza upAdeya hai / vyaktitva nirmANa evaM ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM prekSAdhyAna ke vibhinna prayoga kitane sAmayika aura sArthaka pramANita hote haiM, yaha jJAtavya hai / hRdaya parivartana ko prekSA ke Aloka meM samagrarUpeNa samajhA jA sakatA hai / parivartana kA svarUpa hRdaya parivartana vizuddhi kI maulika prakriyA hai| gAMdhI ne ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmANa aura samasyA samAdhAna meM hRdaya parivartana kI ahaM bhUmikA svIkAra kI / yaha sAdhAraNa tathya hai para, isa vicAra meM maulikatA kA samAveza hai| unhoMne sAmAjika avyavasthAoM ke nirAkaraNa meM hRdaya parivartana ko svIkAra kiyA / gAMdhI ne kahA- Aja samAja meM jo asamAnatAe~ vartamAna haiM, ve vizeSarUpa se janatA ke ajJAna ke kAraNa haiN| janatA jaise-jaise apanI sahaja zaktiyoM kA anubhava karatI jAyegI vaise-vaise samasta asamAnAtAe~ naSTa hotI jaayegii| yadi yaha krAMti ahiMsA dvArA huI, to sthiti jaisI Aja hai, usake viparIta hI hogI / .... Aja loga jisa naI vyavasthA kI AzA lagAye hue haiM, vaha to ahiMsA dvArA arthAt hRdayaparivartana dvArA hI utpanna ho skegii| merI apIla aura kArya-praNAlI zuddha ahiMsA kI hai / " spaSTa parilakSita hai ki gAMdhI na kevala vyakti parivartana hetu apitu sAmAjika avyavasthAoM kA samAdhAna bhI ahiMsA meM khojate the| unake lie ahiMsA aura hRdaya parivartana eka hI sikke ke do pahalU the I ve ahiMsA se bhinna hRdaya parivartana ko nahIM dekhate the| mahAprajJa ke kathana meM isakI samAnatA dekhI jAtI hai| ve kahate- 'ahiMsA kA artha hai - hRdaya parivartana / vyakti svAtantrya kA artha hai hRdaya parivartana / 326 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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hRdaya parivartana ke binA vyakti svAtantrya ko paribhASita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura ahiMsA ko bhI samajhA nahIM jA sakatA / ahiMsA evaM hRdaya parivartana kA maulika saMbaMdha hai ataH ahiMsA ko samajhane ke lie hRdaya parivartana ko jAnanA jarUrI hai / hRdaya parivartana ke binA vartamAna kI sthitiyA~ kisa kadara nAjuka hotI jA rahI hai jisakA citraNa kiyA gayA - jamIMdAra bhUmihInoM ke prati karuNAzIla nahIM hai| medhAvI yuvaka rojagAra ke avasara se vaMcita hai| nyAyAlaya se nyAya kI AzA kSINa ho jAtI hai / rAjanItijJa, pulisa aura aparAdhiyoM kA gaThabandhana yathArtha para pardA DAla detA hai / hiMsA ke bIjAMkuraNa ke lie ye sthitiyA~ urvara bana jAtI haiN| jaba-jaba hiMsA phUTatI hai, ugravAda yA AtaMkavAda ke saphAe kI bAta cala par3atI hai| dUsarI ora ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle ugravAdI yA AtaMkavAdI ke hRdaya parivartana kI bAta socane laga jAte haiN| ye donoM hI cintana saphala nahIM hote / na daNDAtmaka nIti saphala hotI hai aura na hRdaya parivartana kI bAta Age bar3hatI hai / ataH samyak nidAna ke lie samagra prakriyA kA honA jarUrI hai / jikra karate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA sarva prathama saMskAra- parivartana ho, saMskAra- parivartana se vicAra- parivartana, vicAraparivartana se hRdaya parivartana, hRdaya parivartana se sthiti kA parivartana hotA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki vyakti ko badalA nahIM jA sakatA / prekSAdhyAna ke prayogoM se yaha pUrNatayA siddha ho cukA hai ki vyakti ko badalA jA sakatA hai| usake svabhAva ko, pravRttiyoM, ruciyoM aura AdatoM ko badalA jA sakatA hai yaha badalAva ekAeka ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA usake lie saghana prayatna kI apekSA rahatI hai| | 12 hRdaya parivartana ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kI soca sakArAtmaka thii| unakA mAnanA thA ki manuSya hI eka aisA prANI hai jisane dizA ko badalA hai, maulika vRttiyoM kA pariSkAra kiyA hai, hRdaya kA parivartana kiyA hai, cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa kiyA hai| ina sAre saMdarbhoM ke Aloka meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki manuSya kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi hai - hRdaya kA parivartana, cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa aura maulika manovRttiyoM kA pariSkAra / I mahAprajJa ne mAnA hai ki hRdaya parivartana ke AdhAra para samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA huI hai / kisI prANI jagat meM naitika mUlya jaisA koI tattva nahIM hotA / Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki unake pAsa buddhi kA itanA vikAsa nahIM hai / jahA~ buddhi kA vikAsa nahIM hotA vahA~ naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA ho hI nahIM sakatI / buddhi ke dvArA anaitika mUlyoM kI bhI sthApanA hotI hai / becAre dUsare prANiyoM meM bauddhika vikAsa nahIM hai, to anaitika mUlya bhI nahIM hai / ve kabhI maryAdA kA atikramaNa nahIM krte| sadA baMdhI- baMdhAI maryAdA meM calate haiN| vahA~ naitikatA - anaitikatA kA prazna nahIM hai / manuSya ne apanI buddhi ke dvArA aise mUlyoM kI sthApanA kI jo samAja ke lie kalyANakArI nahIM haiM, akalyANakArI haiN| dizA parivartana huA to usane naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA bhI kii| maryAdA vihIna AcaraNa kaheM yA anaitika AcaraNa usake pratikAra ke lie daNDa vyavasthA sabhI prANiyoM ke vyavahAra meM hai| prANiyoM kI bAta chor3a deM, vanaspati jagat meM bhI daNDazakti kA prayoga calatA hai / cIMTiyoM meM bhI yaha pracalita hai| khoja karane para yaha spaSTa huA ki prANImAtra meM daNDazakti kA prayoga aura balaprayoga donoM calate haiN| aise vRkSa hote haiM jo daNDazakti kA prayoga kara prANiyoM ko pha~sA lete haiM / aise vRkSa haiM jinakI pattiyA~ pahale khulI hotI haiM, phira jyoMhI koI prANI Akara una para baiThatA hai, ve sikur3a jAtI haiM / prANI usameM pha~sa jAtA hai / ve pattiyA~ prANI ko nicor3a kara, nissAra khola ko hRdaya parivartana eka vimarza / 327

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bAhara pheMka detI haiN| eka nahIM, aneka aise vRkSa haiM, jo balaprayoga karate haiN| ve anya jIvoM ko cUsate haiM, unakA zoSaNa karate haiM / isI taraha cIMTiyAM sAmudAyika vyavasthA kA pAlana karatI haiN| cIMTiyoM kI rAnI sArI vyavasthA kA saMcAlana karatI hai / jo cITiyAM kAma karane se jI curAtI haiM, AlasI ho jAtI haiM, unheM samAja se bAhara nikAla diyA jAtA hai| madhumakkhiyoM kI bhI yahI vyavasthA hai / rAnI madhumakkhI kAma na karane vAlI madhumakkhI ko daNDa detI hai, unakA bahiSkAra karatI hai aura daNDasvarUpa unase adhika kAma karAtI hai| samUce prANIjagat meM daNDa kI aura balaprayoga kI vyavasthA calatI hai / manuSya ne daMDazakti ke sthAna para AtmAnuzAsana kA vikAsa bhI kiyaa| usakI dhAraNA yaha rahI ki balaprayoga kama ho, daNDazakti kA prayoga kama ho, para AtmAnuzAsana jAge / '3 spaSTarUpeNa AtmAnuzAsana kA vikAsa hI hRdaya-parivartana kA mUla maMtra hai| saMdarbha ko spaSTa karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA- vizva meM do zaktiyAM haiM - bala prayoga kI zakti aura hRdaya parivartana kI zakti / hRdaya parivartana ahiMsA kA prANa / hRdaya kA artha paMpiMga karane vAlA hRdaya nahIM hai| prekSAdhyAna ke saMdarbha meM jise hRdaya mAnA jAtA hai, vaha mastiSka kA eka hissA hAipothelemaza hai / hamAre jo imozaMsa haiM, bhAva haiM, unakA utpatti sthala hai limbika sisTama aura usakA eka bhAga hAipothelema hai / " aitihAsika saMdarbha meM hRdaya parivartana kI bAta aneka saMdarbhoM meM ullikhita hai yathA tathAgata kI zaraNa meM aMgulImAla, mahAvIra ke sanmukha arjunamAlI jaise hatyAre, krUrakarmI badala gaye yAnI unakI dUSita bhAvanAe~ badala gayI jise hama hRdaya parivartana kI saMjJA dete haiM / AcArya mahAprajJa prekSAdhyAna ko bhAvanA pariSkAra kA prayoga kahate haiM jo eka prakAra se hRdaya parivartana kA prayoga hai / hamArI bhAvanAe~ kisa prakAra pariSkRta hoM ? krodha, ahaMkAra, lobha, ghRNA, bhaya, IrSyA, kAmavAsanA - ye kaise AnupAtika bana sakeM, saMtulita bana sakeM, inakI ucchRMkhalatA kaise kama ho ? inheM niyaMtrita karane meM dhyAna kI mahanIya bhUmikA banatI hai| 15 prekSAdhyAna ko bhale hI sAmAjika ahiMsA ke sAtha na jor3eM kintu parokSataH sAmAjika zAMti sthApana meM isakI sakriya bhUmikA rahatI hai / mahAprajJa kahate--merI ahiMsA mAro yA mata mAroM para AdhArita nahIM hai / ahiMsA ko hamane bahuta vyApaka rUpa meM liyA hai| hiMsA kA bhAva kaise aura kahA~ se paidA hotA hai, isa para pUrI risarca kI hai / khoja yA anusaMdhAna kA vaha krama aba bhI jArI hai| prekSAdhyAna kA abhyAsa isIlie jarUrI hai ki jo dhArA hamAre bhAvoM ko uttejanA detI haiM, unheM malina banAtI hai, mana meM azAMti paidA karatI hai, yuddha aura AtaMka paidA karatI hai, usa dhArA ko kamajora banAnA hai| usa dhArA ko prabala banAnA hai, jisameM zAMti aura saha-astitva hai| lar3AI, saMgharSa, hiMsA, aura yuddha pahale hamAre bhAvajagat meM paidA hotA hai / vaha bAhyajagat meM mAtra abhivyakta hotA hai| isa vizleSaNa ke sAtha unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki dhyAna ke dvArA vRttiyoM kA parivartana hotA hai, mastiSka kA niyamana hotA hai| isase nAr3I - saMsthAna aura granthi- saMsthAna para niyaMtraNa hotA hai / vaijJAnika pravidhi prayoga aura parIkSaNa ko prekSAdhyAna ke saMdarbha meM prayukta kara svabhAva parivartana kI dizA meM saphalatA hAsila kI hai / yaha sAbita huA ki aMtaHstrAvI graMthiyoM ke strAva hI AdamI ke svabhAva kA nirdhAraNa karate haiM / ye strAva hI kisI ko adhyAtma kI ora to kisI ko hiMsA aura AtaMka kI ora agrasara karate haiN| hama isa siddhAMta ko mAnakara calate haiM ki vyakti meM jaisA nyUroTrAMsamITara banatA hai, vaise hI usakA vyavahAra hotA hai|" dhyAna ke vibhinna prayogoM se bhItara ke sAre rasAyana I 328 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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badala jAte haiN| rasAyana AdamI ke AcAra aura vicAra ko prabhAvita karate haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai prayogoM ke binA kevala upadeza aura pravacana se parivartana ghaTita nahIM hogaa| ahiMsA ke vaizvika prayatnoM kI mImAMsA karate hue mahAprajJa ne batalAyA vizva ke aneka aMcaloM meM ahiMsaka samAja racanA kI dRSTi se aneka vyAvahArika prayoga calAe jA rahe haiM phira bhI eka bAta zeSa raha jAtI hai, vaha hai-ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kie jAnevAle prayoga kitane ciraMjIvI aura kitane saphala hote haiM, yaha apane ApameM eka samasyA hai| isa samasyA ko ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle logoM ne anubhava kiyA hogaa| prekSAdhyAna ahiMsA kA vastuniSTha prayoga nahIM hai, vaha kevala AMtarika cetanA ke rUpAntaraNa kA hRdaya-parivartana kA prayoga hai| ahiMsA meM AsthA rakhane vAlA daNDazakti para bharosA nahIM krtaa| usakA vizvAsa hRdaya-parivartana para hotA hai| isa apekSA se kahA jA sakatA hai-prekSAdhyAna sAmAjika viSamatA aura Arthika asamAnatA ke unmUlana kA prayoga hai|' prekSAdhyAna kI svastha samAja saMracanA meM ahaM bhUmikA dekhI jA sakatI hai| parivartana evaM nirmANa kI virAT AkAMkSA kI saMpUrti meM prekSAdhyAna kI vistRta vyAkhyA Adeya hai| prekSA kA uddezya adhyAtma kA sAdhaka vaijJAnika dRSTi saMpanna hotA hai| usameM satya ke sAkSAtkAra kI kSamatA jAga jAtI hai jisakA lAbha sabhI ko milatA hai| mahAprajJa ne Atma sAkSAtkAra ke kSaNoM meM adhyAtma kI gaharAI meM paiThakara isa sacAI ko pakar3A aura prastuti dI ki jaba taka bhAvataMtra meM parivartana nahIM hotA taba taka vyakti kA rUpAntaraNa nahIM hotaa| hamAre bhAvataMtra kA mUla udgama srota hai-hAipothelemasa kA eka bhAga limbika sisTama, jahA~ se bhAvanAe~ upajatI haiN| hAipothelemasa niyaMtraNa karatA hai picyUTarI glaiNDa pr| picyUTarI glaiMDa kA niyaMtraNa hai saba graMthiyoM para, vizeSataH eDrinala glaiNDa pr| mahattvapUrNa hai bhAvataMtra kA prisskaar| usake lie kucha prayoga vikasita kiye gaye haiM-prekSA aura anuprekSA ke| vyakti meM kucha vizeSa vRttiyA~ hotI haiM-krodha, bhaya, lobha, ahaMkAra aura vAsanA kI; ina vRttiyoM meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| usake lie kucha prayoga kiye gye| eka vyakti ke Aveza ko badalanA hai to usake lalATa ke kSetra kA kendra jyotikendra, vahA~ lambe samaya taka zveta raMga kA dhyAna kiyA jAe, to Aveza zAMta ho sakatA hai, krodha aura lobha bhI zAMta hotA hai aura AdhyAtmika cetanA jAgatI hai| jaba antarmukhI cetanA jAga jAtI hai, AdhyAtmika cetanA jAga jAtI hai taba dRSTikoNa badalanA zurU hotA hai| 18 mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM bhAvAtmaka hiMsA ko kama kare to zarIra kI hiMsA apane Apa kama ho jaaegii| isake binA mAnasika hiMsA kama nahIM hogI aura jaba taka mAnasika hiMsA kama nahIM hogI, kAyika hiMsA ko rokA nahIM jA sktaa| prekSAdhyAna meM mahAprajJa ne eka AdhAra banAyA-vyAdhi, Adhi, upAdhi aura phira samAdhi / vyAdhi yAnI zArIrika vImArI, Adhi mAnasika bImArI aura upAdhi bhAvAtmaka biimaarii| jaba taka bhAvAtmaka bImArI kA samAdhAna nahIM hogA, zArIrika svAsthya acchA nahIM rhegaa| jaba taka bhAvAtmaka hiMsA kI varjanA nahIM hogI, taba taka kAyika hiMsA bhI kama nahIM hogii| pUrNa samAdhi kA varaNa karane ke lie hiMsA se uparati Avazyaka hai| parivartana kI dRSTi se prekSAdhyAna prakriyA eka mahattvapUrNa pravidhi hai| isake niyamita prayoga se nizcita parivartana ghaTita hotA hai| mahAprajJa kA yaha maMtavya rahA-hamArI cetanA jaba badalatI hai taba hRdaya parivartana eka vimarza | 329

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vyavahAra badala jAtA hai| jaina dharma ne ahiMsA, aparigraha para bahuta bala diyaa| dUsare dharma bhI ahiMsA aura maitrI para bala dete haiN| itanA bala dene para bhI ahiMsA kA vikAsa jitanA honA cAhie thA utanA nahIM huaa| prazna hai kyoM nahIM huA? kAraNa eka hI hai ki jIvana meM ahiMsA utaratI hai cetanA ke badala jAne para, jIvana meM aparigraha utaratA hai cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa ho jAne pr| arthAt ahiMsA cetanA ke rUpAntaraNa kA pariNAma hai| asaMgraha cetanA ke badala jAne kA eka vyakta rUpa hai| jaba taka yaha parivartana nahIM hotA, ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM ho sktii| jo vyakti dhyAna karane vAlA hai, jisakI cetanA badalI hai, usakI avasthA bhI badala jaaegii| dhyAna kA abhyAsa karane vAlA vyakti samAja ko yA kisI vyakti ko apane gulAma kI bhA~ti nahIM dekhatA, naukara ko naukara aura karmacArI kI bhA~ti nahIM dekhatA, usakI dRSTi badala jAtI hai| adhikAMza kalaha isalie hotA hai ki ahaMkAra ko coTa pahu~catI hai| pArivArika jhagar3oM, karmacAriyoM ke jhagar3oM, apane naukaroM ke jhagar3oM kA mukhya kAraNa hai-dUsaroM ke ahaMkAra ko coTa phuNcaanaa| para jisakI cetanA badala cukI vaha apanI ora se dUsaroM ko coTa pahu~cA hI nahIM sktaa| ve dhyAnakartA ke sanmukha AtmAnveSaNa kA pahalU rakhate-dhyAna sAdhaka ko socanA cAhie ki usakA krodha kitanA kama huA, vyavahAra kitanA badalA, dUsaroM ko mUlya dene kI bhAvanA kitanI jagI, dUsaroM ko apane samAna samajhane aura vaisA vyavahAra karane kI vRtti kitanI vikasita huii| 20 sakArAtmaka uttara parivartana kA dyotaka hai| isI AdhAra para prekSAdhyAna vRttiyoM ke udAttIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai| udAttIkaraNa eka aisI rakSA-yukti hai, jisameM samAja virodhI anaitika kAryoM ko acche kAryoM meM badalA jA sakatA hai| svayaM kA darzana karane vAlA apane vyaktitva kA vAMchita vikAsa kara sakatA hai, dRSTi kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai| prekSAdhyAna kA dhyeya sUtra hai 'saMpikkhae appagamappaeNaM' arthAt AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko dekheN| Atma-darzana, Atma nirIkSaNa kA prayoga niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM ko samApta kara vidhAyaka bhAvoM ko ujAgara karatA hai| phalasvarUpa Avega aura Aveza janita athavA kaSAya janita kalaha evaM hiMsA para niyaMtraNa ho jAtA hai| ise jIvana nirmANa ke saMdarbha meM dekheN| jIvana nirmANa kA sUtra hai dhyaan| dhyAna kA prayoga jIvikA ke lie nahIM hai, jIvana nirmANa ke lie hai| jaba jIvana kA nirmANa hotA hai taba jIvikA kI bAta bhI pIche nahIM rhtii| dhyAna ke dvArA dakSatA bar3hatI hai, zakti bar3hatI hai, smRti bar3hatI hai, cAturya AtA hai kiMtu ina sabase mahattvapUrNa jo upalabdhi dhyAna ke dvArA prApta hotI hai, vaha hai jiivn-nirmaann| jIvana kA nirmANa hotA hai to zAntasahavAsa kI samasyAe~, Agraha aura rUci-bheda kI samasyAe~, vicAra bheda aura virodhAbhAsa kI samasyAe~, niSedhAtmaka bhAva kI samasyAe~ samAhita ho jAtI haiN| dhyAna se vidhAyaka vicAra kA, maitrI bhAva kA, sabake prati sammAna kI bhAvanA kA aura sAmaMjasyapUrNa cetanA kA jAgaraNa hotA hai| jaba cetanA kI yaha sthiti banatI hai taba pArivArika aura sAmAjika jIvana sukhada ho jAtA hai| dhyAna kA prayoga ahiMsA vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| korI hiMsA hI hamAre bhItara vidyamAna nahIM hai| ahiMsA bhI hamAre bhItara vidyamAna hai| hamArI mastiSkIya praNAlI meM do praNAliyA~ haiM-krodha Ane kI praNAlI hamAre mastiSka meM hai to krodha para niyantraNa pAne kI praNAlI bhI hamAre mastiSka meM hai|....dhyaan kA prayoga isIlie hai ki hama ahiMsA ko jagA sakeM aura hiMsA ko sulA skeN| AcArya mahAprajJa dhyAna ke prayoga meM vaizvika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna khojate the| unakA yaha 330 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mAnanA thA ki sthiratA se hiMsA para niyaMtraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna sthiratA kA acUka prayoga hai| yaha kAyika. vAcika, mAnasika dhyAna hai| inase hiMsA kI pravatti para niyaMtraNa hotA hai| 22 prekSA se parivartana prekSAdhyAna paddhati ke aneka AyAma haiM-kAyotsarga, antaryAtrA, zvAsa prekSA, zarIra prekSA, caitanya kendra prekSA, anuprekSA-bhAvanA aadi| ina sabhI kA sammilita lakSya hai caitanya kA jAgaraNa, vyaktitva kA ruupaaNtrnn| dhyAna ke jina prayogoM se vyaktitva meM badalAva AtA hai una mukhya prayogoM kI saMkSipta mImAMsA prAsaMgika hogii| kAyotsarga : eka vaijJAnika vidhi tanAva isa yuga kI sabase bar3I trAsadI hai| atizaya tanAva AdamI ko pAgala banA detA hai| pAgalapana kA mukhya kAraNa hI tanAva hai| tanAva ne hiMsaka ghaTanAoM ke pratizata ko bar3hAvA diyA hai| tanAva se ubarane kI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai-kaayotsrg| isakA prayoga dabAva dvArA utpanna hAnikAraka prabhAvoM ko niSphala karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| kAyotsarga kI pRSThabhUmi meM 'dabAva' ko samajhanA jarUrI hai| jo bhI paristhiti hamArI sAmAnya jIvana-dhArA ko asta-vyasta kara deM, use 'dabAva yA tanAva paidA karane vAlI' paristhiti kahA jAtA hai| Adhunika manuSya ke mAnasa meM paidA hone vAle IrSyA, pratispardhA, ghRNA yA bhaya ke bhAva, sattA aura saMpatti ke lie saMgharSa, lAlasAe~ aura vahama bhI 'dabAva-taMtra' ko pravartita kara dete haiN| isa dabAva se mukta hone kI prakriyA hai-kAyotsarga / / 23 kAyotsarga kA artha hai-zarIra kA vyutsarga aura caitanya kI jaagRti| kAyotsarga svabhAva parivartana kA mahattvapUrNa upakrama hai| selpha hipnoTijma prakriyA ke sUtra oNTorilekzesana-sva-zithilIkaraNa, selpha enelisisa-anuprekSA kA isameM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isameM vizeSa rUpa se viveka ko jor3A gayA hai| kAyotsarga kI pUrNAvasthA meM vyakti deha aura caitanya kI bhedAnubhUti ke sAtha vaibhAvika mAnasika-bauddhika avasthAoM ko apane se bhinna-vijAtIya jAnakara unase mukta hone kA saMkalpa karatA hai| vahI saMkalpa zarIrastha kozikA, nAr3IsaMsthAna, granthi-saMsthAna taka pahu~cakara rAsAyanika parivartana ghaTita karatA hai|24 jo hRdaya parivartana kA AdhAra banatA hai| saMkSepa meM kAyotsarga kA prayoga tanAva mukti evaM hRdaya parivartana kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| zvAsa prekSA citta kI caMcalatA se upajI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna zvAsa prekSA ke prayoga se sugama bana jAtA hai| zvAsa prekSA kA artha hai-zvAsa ke prati jaagRti| jo vyakti zvAsa ke prati nahIM jAgatA, vaha vyakti jIvana meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ke prati jAgarUka nahIM bana sktaa| jAgarUkatA se zvAsa lene vAlA vyakti saMkleza se mukti pAne kA rahasya jAna letA hai| zvAsa aura Avega kA paraspara gaharA saMbaMdha hai| zvAsa kI gati para draSTA bhAva kA vikAsa karake athavA usakI dizA meM parivartana karake Avega, Aveza para niyaMtraNa sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAma, krodha, ghRNA, IrSyA, ahaMkAra Adi kI taraMgeM zvAsa kI caMcalatA ke binA nahIM ubhrtiiN| krodha AtA hai to zvAsa tIvra ho jAtA hai yA zvAsa tIvra hotA hai taba krodha kI taraMga AtI hai| zvAsa hRdaya parivartana eka vimarza / 331

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zAMta hotA hai to Avega zAMta ho jAtA hai, jaba Avega zAMta hotA hai to zvAsa svayaM zAMta ho jAtA hai| yaha cetanA ke rUpAMtaraNa kA mahattvapUrNa prayoga hai| isase Aveza janita aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna sugama bana jAtA hai| vRzvikSa samavRtti zvAsa prekSA meM nAr3I tantrIya asaMtulana para sIdhA prahAra hotA hai jo mAnava kI dUSita evaM hiMsaka pravRttiyoM kA kAraNa banatA hai / mahAprajJa hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI zrRMkhalA meM eka bar3A kAraNa nAr3ItantrIya asaMtulana ko batAte hai / nAr3I tantrIya asaMtula se vyakti akAraNa hiMsA para utArU ho jAtA hai, mArane meM majA Ane lagatA hai| mArane kA koI prayojana nahIM hai, na koI aparAdha, na koI vairabhAva, na koI dveSa aura na koI badalA lene kI bhAvanA, kucha bhI nahIM, basa mArane meM majA Ane laga gyaa| isa samasyA kA upacAra samavRtti zvAsa prekSA ko batalAyA / isa prakriyA meM donoM nathunoM se kramazaH zvAsa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yAnI dAe~ se lekara bAyeM se nikAlanA phira bAyeM se lekara dAeM se nikAlanA jisase zvAsa kA recana kiyA jAtA hai punaH usI se zvAsa liyA jAtA hai / isa prayoga se mastiSka kA dAyAM aura bAyAM hissA saMtulita banatA hai| haThayoga kI bhASA meM ir3A aura piMgalA nAr3I saMtulita hotI hai| siMpatheTika narvasa sisTama evaM perAsiMpetheTika narvasa sisTama-anukaMpI aura parAnukaMpI-donoM nAr3I taMtroM meM saMtulana sthApita hotA hai / 25 saMtulita nAr3I taMtra vyakti ko akAraNa hiMsA meM pravRtta nahIM hone detA / samavRtti zvAsa prekSA ke vaijJAnika AdhAra evaM pariNAma ko prastuti milii| jaba bAeM nathune se zvAsa lete haiM taba dAyAM mastiSka prabhAvita hotA hai aura jaba hama dAeM nathune se zvAsa lete haiM taba bAyAM mastiSka prabhAvita hotA hai, sakriya banatA hai / mastiSkIya kAryakSamatA kA samucita prayoga karane dRSTi jAgRta hotI hai / saMvRtti zvAsaprekSA ke prayoga ko akhaNDa vyaktitva vikAsa kA prayoga svIkArA gayA hai| yaha ahiMsaka vyaktitva vikAsa kA niyAmaka prayoga hai| hRdaya parivartana kI prakriyA ko prastuta prayoga nAr3I taMtrIya parivartana ke jariye ghaTita karatA hai / zarIra prekSA eka prayoga 'sapta dhAtumayaM zarIraM' zarIra sapta dhAtuoM se banA hai / Ayurveda kI isa paribhASA se bhinna Aja ke vijJAna kI khoja meM zarIra solaha tattvoM se banA hai| kucha nirAzAvAdI logoM ne zarIra ko apavitra nAzavAn btaayaa| adhyAtma ke AcAryoM ne zarIra ko rahasyamaya batalAte hue parama lakSya (mukti) kA setu batalAyA / mahAprajJa ne prekSAdhyAna kI pravidhi meM zarIra darzana ko parivartana kI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| paira ke aMgUThe se lekara mastiSka taka zarIra ke pratyeka bhAga- antarAvayava para citta kA jAgarUka darzana hI sarala zabdoM meM zarIra prekSA hai / isa prayoga se zarIra ke prati jAgarUkatA bar3hatI hai jo bhItara se Ane vAlI burAI ke pravAha ko rokatI hai aura upazama kI kriyA karate-karate vyakti eka dina una burAiyoM ko kSINa karane kI sthiti taka pahu~ca jAtA hai / 126 zarIra eka aisI rasAyana zAlA hai jisameM asaMkhya prakAra ke rasAyana paidA hote haiM / ye hI rasAyana vyakti ke vyavahAra aura vyaktitva ke niyAmaka banate haiM / vyakti meM uThanevAlI hiMsA, Aveza, AkramaNa kA jimmedAra Antarika vidyut taMtra aura prANataMtra kA asaMtulita saMcaraNa hai / isa prayoga kI dakSatA 332 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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se zarIrastha vidyuta-tantra evaM prANadhArA kA saMtulana sadhatA hai| pariNAmataH tadjanita samasyAoM se mukti milatI hai / zarIra prekSA ke tIna mahattvapUrNa pariNAma haiM prANa-pravAha kA santulana caitanya kendra kI nirmalatA Ananda kA jAgaraNa / . * caitanya kendra prekSA caritra, svabhAva evaM vyavahAra ke parivartana meM prastuta prayoga kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| caitanya - kendroM evaM antaHsrAvI granthitaMtra kI paraspara saha saMvAditA hai / antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM kA hamAre svabhAva nirmANa meM gaharA yogadAna rahatA hai / etad viSayaka prastuti DA. ema. DablyU. kApa, ema.DI. ne apanI pustaka 'glaiNDsa : avara inavijibala gArjiyansa' meM dI hai| unhoMne likhA- hamAre bhItara jo granthiyAM haiM, ve krodha, kalaha, IrSyA, bhaya, dveSa Adi ke kAraNa vikRta banatI haiN| jaba ye aniSTa bhAvanAeM jAgatI haiM, taba eDrinala glaiNDa ko atirikta kAma karanA par3atA hai| vaha thaka jAtI hai / aura-aura graMthiyAM atizrama se thaka kara zlatha ho jAtI hai| 127 dhIre-dhIre unake srAva asaMtulita bana jAte haiM / pariNAmataH aneka bhAvanAtmaka samasyAe~ paidA ho jAtI haiM / avasAda, Diparezana kI sthiti vyakti ko hiMsA meM le jAtI hai| hiMsAtmaka sthitiyA~ avasAda janita tanAva ke kAraNa hotI hai| caitanya kendra prekSA isa sthiti se ubArane vAlI pravidhi hai jo vyakti ke bhItara rAsAyanika parivartana ghaTita kara tana-mana se svastha banAtI hai / hiMsAtmaka pravRtti kA bar3A kAraNa hai rAsAyanika asaMtulana / vibhinna granthiyoM meM paidA hone vAle srAva hI vyakti ke vyavahAra ko saMcAlita karate haiN| yoga ke grantha Atma-viveka meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki krUratA, vaira, mUrcchA, avajJA aura avizvAsa- ye saba svAdhiSThAna (eDrInala kA bhAga) meM utpanna hote haiM / tRSNA, IrSyA, lajjA, ghRNA, bhaya, moha, kaSAya aura viSAda ye saba maNipUra cakra (nAbhi ) meM janma lete haiN| lolupatA, tor3aphor3a kI bhAvanA, AzA, cintA, mamatA, dambha - aviveka, ahaMkAra- ye sAre anAhatacakra (hRdaya) meM janma lete haiM / vibhinna kendroM meM paidA hone vAle asaMtulita srAva aneka samasyAoM ko paidA karate haiN| mastiSkIya prakriyA isase prabhAvita hotI hai aura mastiSka vikSipta-sA ho jAtA hai-hiMsA kI vRttiyA~ jAga jAtI haiN| caitanya kendra prekSA eka upAya hai rAsAyanika saMtulana sthApana kA / vibhinna caitanya kendroM para kiyA gayA prekSA kA prayoga unake Antarika parivartana kA saMtulana sthApana kA maulika ghaTaka siddha hotA hai / svabhAva parivartana kA sazakta setu hai darzana kendra para dhyAna kA prayoga, jo piyUTarI ke srAva ko saMtulita banAtA hai / saMkalpa ko bhItara antarmana taka pahu~cAtA hai / jaba saMkalpa lezyA - taMtra aura adhyavasAya taMtra taka pahu~ca jAtA hai to vyakti meM vAMchita parivartana ghaTita karatA hai| 28 jyotikendra kA dhyAna piniyala, kaMTha - vizuddhi kendra kA dhyAna thAirAiDa, taijasa kendra kA dhyAna eDrInala ke srAvoM ko saMtulita banAtA hai| rAsAyanika saMtulana kI apekSA se caitanya kendra prekSA hRdaya parivartana kA mahattvapUrNa AyAma hai / mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM isI apekSA se dhyAna aura ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha hamArI samajha meM aura gaharA baiTha jAtA hai / hiMsA kA jo prabala sahAyaka tattva hai rAsAyanika asaMtulana, use saMtulita karane kA mAdhyama hai dhyaan| 129 caitanya kendra prekSA kA prayoga vRtti pariSkAra, svabhAva parivartana evaM hRdaya parivartana kI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai / hRdaya parivartana eka vimarza / 333

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lezyAdhyAna : rAsAyanika parivartana bhAvataMtra meM uThane vAlI dUSita taraMgoM ke parivartana meM raMgoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA svIkRta hai| raMgoM ke prayoga se jahA~ zArIrika bImAriyA~, mAnisaka durbalatAoM se mukti milatI hai vahIM raMgoM ke dhyAnazyAdhyAna ke prayoga se AdhyAtmika mUrcchA kA bhaMjana hotA hai / pariNAmataH hRdaya parivartana ghaTita hotA hai / rUpAntaraNa kI prakriyA cetanA ke sUkSma stara para ghaTita hotI hai / cetanA ke usa stara para pahu~cane ke lie raMgoM kI upAdeyatA hai / raMga vyaktitva ko prabhAvita karate haiM / ve vyaktitva para jitanA prabhAva DAlate haiM, utanA prabhAva aura koI nahIM DAla sktaa| raMga sthUla evaM sUkSma ubhaya vyaktitva ko prabhAvita karate haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM jaina AgamoM meM vistAra se varNana milatA hai jo 'lezyA' zabda se jAnA jAtA hai| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM 'caritra - parivartana kA mUla AdhAra hai lezyA kA parivartana / dUSita AbhAmaMDala dUSita caritra kA pratIka hai, vizuddha AbhAmaMDala nirmala caritra kA pratIka hai|' lezyAdhyAna kA prayoga caritra zuddhi kA prayoga hai / vRttiyA~, bhAva yA AdateM - ina sabako utpanna karane vAlA sazakta taMtra hai - lezyA - taMtra / lezyAtaMtra kI zuddhi hI parivartana kA mUla AdhAra hai / aprazasta lezyAe~-kRSNa, nIla, kApota-krUratA, hiMsA, aThAraha pApasthAna, hatyA kI bhAvanA, kapaTa, asatya bolane kI bhAvanA, pravaMcanA, dhokhAdhar3I, viSaya kI lolupatA, pramAda, Alasya janita doSoM kI janaka hai| vizeSa rUpa se - avirati, kSudratA, nirdayatA, nRzaMsatA, ajitendriyatA-ye kRSNa lezyA ke pariNamana haiM / IrSyA, kadAgraha, ajJAna, mAyA, nirlajjatA, viSaya-vAsanA, rasa-lolupatA-ye nIla lezyA ke pariNamana haiM / vakratA vakra AcaraNa, apane doSoM ko DhA~kane kI manovRtti, parigraha kA bhAva, mithyA dRSTikoNa, dUsare ke marma bhedana kI vRtti, apriya kathana-ye kApota-lezyA pariNamana haiN| 30 ThIka inase bhinna bhAvoM kI niyAmaka hai prazasta lezyAeM - padma, taijasa, zukla jo mAnava meM divyatA kA saMcAra karatI hai| dUSita bhAvoM aura vikRta vicAroM ke dvArA jo jahara zarIra meM paidA hotA hai use bAhara nikAlane kI abhUtapUrva paddhati hai - lezyAdhyAna / raMgoM ke dhyAna se saMcita viSa bAhara nikalate haiM aura bhAva nirmala banate haiM / isa viSaya meM mahAprajJa kA nijI anubhava thaa| prazasta raMgoM kA dhyAna bhAvoM ko nirmala banAne meM upayogI hotA hai / anuprekSA hRdaya parivartana kA AdhArabhUta prayoga hai - anuprekSA / vyakti meM panapane vAlI vikRtiyoM, duSpravRttiyoM, asAmAnya manodazAoM kA upacAra anuprekSA ke prayogoM se sugama bana jAtA hai| jise hama badalanA cAhate haiM, jisa Adata meM parivartana lAnA cAhate haiM, usakA vizleSaNa karanA anuprekSA hai / anuprekSA dhyAna kA eka prayoga hai| jaba anuprayoga ke stara para punarAvRti karate haiM bAra-bAra doharAte haiM, to dhIredhIre eka kSaNa aisA AtA hai, jaba vaha bAhara kI bAta bhItara taka calI jAtI hai aura jo badalane kA sthAna hai, vahA~ taka pahu~catI hai aura parivartana zurU ho jAtA hai / 31 isa prakriyA meM Atma-nirIkSaNa aura Atma-vizleSaNa kA eka sAtha prayoga calatA hai / sarala zabdoM meM bhItara meM palane vAlI vRttiyoM kA darzana evaM usake pariSkAra kA saMkalpa / pariNAma svarUpa pUrva dhAraNAoM ke pariSkAra evaM nava nirmANa inakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| mAnasika svAsthya kA upAya hai- sujhAva / vartamAna manovijJAna kI bhASA meM ise sajezana yA oNTosajezana kahA jAtA hai / sujhAva svayaM se svayaM ko denA athavA dUsare se grahaNa karanA- ye donoM 334 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mahattvapUrNa upAya haiN| isase vAMchita parivartana sambhava hai| isase mAnasika svAsthya ke vikAsa ko bahuta gati mila sakatI hai| svastha mAnasikatA hiMsAtmaka samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM ahaM bhUmikA rakhatI hai| Antarika parivartana evaM pariveza kI vizuddhi ke lie anuprekSA aura prekSA ke prayogoM kI upAdeyatA hai| isa prayoga se zarIrastha nyUronsa sujhAva ko grahaNa kara vAMchita parivartana pUrvaka vikAsa ko saMpAdita karate haiN| pariNAmataH cintana aura anucintana kI prakriyA se citta zuddhi, citta samAdhi, samasyA samAdhAna aura saMskAra nirmANa ghaTita hotA hai| bhAvanA prayoga hRdaya parivartana kA maulika upakrama hai-bhaavnaa| bhAvanA kA prayoga Atma-sammohana kA prayoga hai| isake dvArA jaTilatama AdatoM ko badalA jA sakatA hai| isa prakriyA meM sarva prathama ucca svara meM bola-bolakara mana ko bhAvita kiyA jAtA hai, phira maMda svara meM, pazcAt binA uccAraNa ke mAnasika stara para citta ko bhAvita kiyA jAtA hai| tInoM prakAra se mana ko bhAvita karane ke pazcAt bhAvanA ko vahA~ taka pahu~cAyA jAtA hai jahA~ parivartana kI prakriyA ghaTita hotI hai| dRr3ha nizcaya ke sAtha isakA abhyAsa karane para svabhAva apane Apa badala jAtA hai|132 prekSAdhyAna paddhati ke vibhinna prayoga hRdaya-parivartana-mastiSkIya parivartana ke sazakta AdhAra banate haiN| ina prayogoM ke abhAva meM hRdaya parivartana kI kalpanA mAtra mana bahalAva sAbita hotI hai| yogAsana aura ahiMsA yogAsana aura ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha hai| RSi-muniyoM ne anubhava ke AdhAra para ise pratiSThita kiyA hai| yoga kevala zarIra ko sAdhane kA hI prayoga nahIM hai apitu bhAvanAtmaka stara para ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa kA mahattvapUrNa upakrama hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne yogAsana ke dvArA ghaTita hone vAle pariNAmoM ko svIkAra kiyaa| unakI soca meM Asana sAtvika vyAyAma hai jisakA pradhAna uddezya zarIra ko yogI nahIM balki zuddha banAnA hai| inase kitanI hI bImAriyA~ dUra hotI haiN| vyAyAma kA ahiMsaka svarUpa svIkArate hue gAMdhI ne kahA ahiMsA kI tAlIma meM aneka prakAra ke haThayoga saMbaMdhI prayoga svIkRta haiM usameM zarIra-zikSA, zarIra kA Arogya, zarIra ko sudRr3ha banAnA, ThaMDa, dhUpa sahane kI zakti bar3hAnA, zarIra kI capalatA bar3hAnA Adi kA samAveza hotA hai|33 gAMdhI ke yoga, vyAyAma saMbaMdhI vicAroM se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki unhoMne ahiMsAtmaka prakriyA meM zarIra ko sAdhane kI apekSA se yogAsana ko varIyatA pradAna kI hai| __mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmANa evaM hRdaya parivartana meM yogAsana kI ananya bhUmikA svIkRta kI haiN| zarIra meM jamA hone vAle vijAtIya tattvoM kA niSkAsana yogAsana ke dvArA svAbhAvika rUpa se hone lagatA hai| AsAna ke dvArA mAnasika aura bhAvanAtmaka dvaMdvoM para vijaya pAI jA sakatI hai| puSTi meM unhoMne likhA-jise bahuta gussA AtA hai, usa vyakti ko zazAMka Asana kA prayoga karAyA jAe to usakA gussA kama ho jAtA hai| jisameM vAsanA janita vRttiyA~ jAgRta hotI haiM, use yogamudrA kA prayoga karAyA jaae| vAsanA janya vRttiyoM ke ubhAra meM eDrinala gleNDa-vRkkagraMthi sahAyaka banatI hai| ....zazAMka Asana aura yogamudrA ke dvArA eDinala gleNDa para niyaMtraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 34 apekSAtaH yogAsana vRtti pariSkAra kI maulika pravidhi hai| hadaya parivartana eka vimarza / 335

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ahiMsaka cetanA jAgaraNa kI dRSTi se yogAsana mahattvapUrNa hai| yaugika prayoga rIr3ha kI haDDI ko lacIlA banAe rakhane se zArIrika svAsthya, mAnasika aura bhAvanAtmaka svAsthya sudRr3ha rahatA hai| aneka prakAra kI hiMsAtmaka dUSita pravRttiyoM se vyakti anAyAsa baca jAtA hai| zArIrika, mAnasika aura bhAvanAtmaka dRSTi se AsanoM kA apanA mahattva hai| yogAsanoM ke dvArA kisa prakAra vRtti aura bhAvanAoM ko badalA jA sakatA hai, yaha gaMbhIra adhyayana kA viSaya hai| yogAsana kA zarIra zAstrIya saMdarbha meM Akalana kiyA jAye to hiMsA kA saMbaMdha hamAre nAr3ItaMtra, graMthitaMtra aura amloM se hai| yogAsana ina tInoM ko prabhAvita kara unameM saMtulana sthApita karate haiN| asaMtulana janita hiMsAtmaka vRttiyoM ke pariSkAra meM yogAsana kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| ahiMsaka cetanA ke vikAsa hetu yogAsana ke prayoga ko vyApaka banAkara vyaktitva nirmANa kA kArya sugama kiyA jA sakatA hai| prANAyAma prANAyAma kA artha hai-zvAsa para niyaMtraNa, zvAsa kA nirodh| yaha prANa saMyama tathA anuzAsana kA prayoga hai| jIvana kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai praannshkti| prANazakti kI kamI aneka jaTilatAoM ko janma detI hai jisakA eka prakaTa rUpa hai hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM meM abhiruci| prazna prANazakti ke vikAsa kA hai| ahiMsAtmaka prakriyA meM prANAyAma eka sAdhana hai prANazakti ke saMvaMrdhana kaa| jo vyakti apanI hiMsaka pravRttiyoM-AdatoM ko badalanA cAhatA hai usake lie prANAyAma bahuta upayogI siddha hotA hai| parivartana ke saMdarbha meM mahAprajJa kA abhimata rahA-'prANazakti jitanI prabala hotI hai, saMkalpa utanA hI prabala hotA hai| saMkalpa jitanA prabala hotA hai, utanA hI prabala hotA hai privrtn|' isake Aloka meM prANAyAma parivartana kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| vibhinna prayogoM kI mImAMsA se yaha spaSTa hai ki prekSAdhyAna evaM hRdaya parivartana kA ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai| prekSA kA parikara tanAva mukti meM ahaM bhUmikA adA karatA hai| tanAva se bacane ke lie aba sarakAra pulisa, arddhasainika baloM aura senA ke javAnoM ke lie yogAbhyAsa kA prazikSaNa de rahI hai| pulisa akAdamI aura jeloM meM prekSAdhyAna ke prazikSakoM ko bulAkara javAnoM ko aura kaidiyoM ko dhyAna kA prazikSaNa dilAyA jA rahA hai| 35 AzAtIta pariNAma nikala rahe haiN| dhyAna aura ahiMsA ke advaitabhAva ko mahAprajJa ne prastuti dI-'ahiMsA aura dhyAna mUlataH koI do tattva nahIM hai| AtmalInatA hI ahiMsA hai aura vahI dhyAna hai| dhyAna kI gahana avasthA meM ahiMsA kI ucca bhUmikA kA varaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna yoga kI samagra prakriyA parivartana kI AdhArabhUta kar3I hai| hRdaya parivartana kA yaha zaktizAlI prayoga hai| gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa donoM ne hI ahiMsaka cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM hRdaya parivartana ko sviikaaraa| vaiziSTya mAtra prakriyA kA hai| gAMdhI kA hRdaya parivartana kA tarIkA thA Atma tyAga-anazana (upavAsa), athavA satyAgraha pUrvaka sAmane vAle vyakti ke hRdaya ko chU lenA, use pighAla denA, badalane ke yogya bnaanaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne hRdaya parivartana ke lie vibhinna prayoga sujhAye haiN| unake vicAra meM vAstavika parivartana rAsAyanika parivartana pUrvaka hI ho sakatA hai| ise prAyogika bhUmikA para pratiSThita karane meM unakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| 336 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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parivartana kI sazakta kar3I : mUlya bodha jIvana kI dizA badalane meM mUlyoM kI ananya bhUmikA hai| mUlya sthApana kI dRSTi se mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bahuta bar3A kArya kiyA aura ahiMsA-satya jaise mUlyoM kI badaulata deza ko AjAdI kA upahAra diyaa| unakA mUlya sthApana kA apanA tarIkA thaa| prastuta saMdarbha meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA aura naitikatA kI pratiSThA hetu jina cAritrika mUlyoM kA zikSA ke sAtha samAveza kiyA unakA saMkSipta vimarza iSTa hai| AcArya prahAprajJa ne cAritra nirmANa kI vaijJAnika praNAlI 'jIvana-vijJAna' ke rUpa meM ujAgara kii| jIvana-vijJAna prayoga kA lakSya hai-bacapana se hI ahiMsA kI AsthA utpanna krnaa| jaba hiMsA kI AsthA utpanna ho jAtI hai, yaha dhAraNA bana jAtI hai ki hiMsA ke binA kAma nahIM calatA, phira use badalanA bahuta jaTila ho jAtA hai| bacapana ke saMskAra itane prabhAvI hote haiM ki bAda meM Ane vAle saMskAra unake sAmane Tika nahIM paate| isalie bacapana se hI ahiMsA kI AsthA kA nirmANa kiyA jaaye| 36 bAla manovijJAna meM bhI yaha svIkRta hai| zikSA evaM ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhI ne kahA-zikSA meM jo dRSTi paidA karanI hai vaha paraspara ke nitya saMbaMdha kI hai| jahA~ vAtAvaraNa ahiMsArUpI prANavAyu dvArA svaccha aura sugandhita ho cukA hai vahA~ chAtra aura chAtrAe~ sage bhAI-bahinoM ke samAna bicaratI hoNgii| vahA~ vidyArthiyoM aura adhyApakoM ke bIca pitA-putra kA saMbaMdha hogaa| eka dUsare ke prati udAra hogA, aisI svaccha vAyu hI ahiMsA kA nitya satat padArtha pATha hai| aise zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva ke vAtAvaraNa meM pale hue vidyArthI nirantara sabake prati udAra hoMge tathA sahaja hI samAja sevA hetu lAlAyita hoNge| unake lie sAmAjika burAiyoM-doSoM kA alaga prazna nahIM hogaa| vaha ahiMsArUpI agni meM bhasma ho gayA hogaa| 37 kathana kA spaSTa Azaya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA aura usake vikAsa se hai| udAratA, parasparatA, samAjasevA jaise sAmAjika mUlya zikSA dvArA udAtta baneM yaha unakI AMtarika abhilASA thii| gAMdhI ne naI tAlIma kI bAta kahI usakA saMbaMdha mUlya vikAsa se thaa| mUlyoM kI pratiSThA jIvana meM kaise ho? isa pahelI ko bujhAte hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne vizeSarUpa se 'jIvana-vijJAna' kI saMyojanA kI hai| jIvana-vijJAna ke tahat mUlyoM kA prazikSaNa samagra vyaktitva vikAsa kA sarjaka hai| yaha zikSA ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kA prayoga hai| zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha vidyArthI meM ahiMsA kA saMskAra nirmita honA jarUrI hai| yadi bauddhikatA ke sAtha ahiMsA kI cetanA nahIM jAgatI hai to usakA sabase pahale durUpayoga apane prati hotA hai| apane prati anyAya karane vAlA sAmAjika parivartana kI sazakta kar3I : mUlya bodha / 337

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dharAtala para nyAya kara pAyegA asaMbhava hai / ataH jIvana ke hara pakSa meM nyAya ho isa lakSya se mUlyoM kA manana mahattva rakhatA hai / solaha jIvana mUlyoM kA vimarza vibhinna zreNiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| vargIkRta mUlyoM kI mImAMsA prastuta saMdarbha meM upAdeya hai / sAmAjika mUlya vyakti aura samAja kA ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai| jaisA vyakti hogA vaisA hI samAja hogaa| sAmAjika pariveza ko vyakti se bhinna nahIM AMkA jA sakatA / vyakti kA mUlyaparaka jIvana vyavahAra sAmAjika pariveza ko mUlyavAna banAtA hai| prazna hai aise kauna se mUlya haiM jo sAmAjika saMdarbha ko prabhAvita karate haiM, use sArthakatA pradAna karate haiM? isa saMdarbha meM karttavya-niSThA aura svAvalambana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| karttavyaniSThA sadAcAra kI preraka zakti hai| kAMTa ke zabdoM meM karttavya ke lie karttavya honA cAhie, na dayA ke lie, na anukampA ke lie aura na dUsaroM kA bhalA karane ke lie| ye saba naitika karma ke hAmI nahIM hai aura usase sambaddha bhI nahIM haiN| kevala manuSya kA svataMtra saMkalpa usakA svalakSya mUlya hai / isIlie karttavya ke lie hI hamArA karttavya honA caahie| isameM pratikriyA kI bU nahIM kriyAtmaka bhAva hotA hai / jahA~ karttavyabodha aura dAyitva bodha hotA hai, vaha samAja svastha hotA hai| 138 isa mantavya meM sAmAjika svasthatA kA rAja hai / jisa samAja daMDa aura niyaMtraNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai kartavya bhAva supta hotA hai vaha samAja rUgNa hotA hai / samAja kA maulika vikAsa karttavyabodha para TikA hai| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- 'jisa samAja meM karttavyabodha nahIM hotA, vahA~ dhvaMsa zurU ho jAtA hai / ' naitika jIvana kI pahalI zarta hai svAvalambana / samAja kI bhUmikA meM svAvalambana kA artha yaha nahIM hotA ki manuSya dUsaroM kA sahayoga le nahIM / merI sammati meM usakA artha yahI honA cAhie ki manuSya apanI zakti kA saMgopana na kare, jisa sImA taka apanI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA kara sake, svayaM kare / vaha vilAsI jIvana ko ucca aura zramarata jIvana ko heya na mAne / svAvalambana ( apanI zrama zakti) kA anupayoga aura parAvalaMbana (dUsaroM kI zrama zakti) kA upayoga zoSaNapUrNa jIvana kA Arambha bindu hai| zoSaNa svayameva hiMsA hai| mahAprajJa ke isa maMtavya meM samAja vikAsa kA rAja chupA hai| bauddhika mUlya eka vyakti meM bauddhika vikAsa bahuta ho sakatA hai para 'bauddhika mUlya' usameM pratiSThita ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM / zikSA ke sAtha bauddhika mUlya jAgRta va vikasita ho isI Azaya se jIvana-vijJAna prazikSaNa meM 'bauddhika mUlya' kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| | satya kA saMbaMdha ubhayapakSI hai| isakI sAdhanA se vyakti AdhyAtmika aura sAmAjika donoM kSetroM meM pratiSThA arjita kara sakatA hai / yadyapi satya kA mArga kaMTakAkIrNa hotA hai para jisameM isapara calane kA sAhasa hai use saphalatA nizcita rUpa se milatI hai / satya kA virAT svarUpa hai - kAyA kI RjutA, vANI kI RjutA, bhAva kI RjutA, saMvAdI pravRtti, kathanI-karanI kI samAnatA satya hai / ThIka isake viparIta kAyA kI vakratA, vANI kI vakratA, bhAva kI vakratA, visaMvAdI pravRtti, kathanI karanI kI asamAnatA asatya hai / 39 satyamArga kA samagratA se anuzIlana karanA satya kI akhaNDa ArAdhanA hai| 338 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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satya sImAoM meM baMTA huA nahIM hotA / usakA svarUpa nirapekSa hotA hai / satya - satya hI hai / eka ke lie eka prakAra kA aura dUsare ke lie dUsare prakAra kA nahIM hotA / satya kI khoja ke prazna ko samAhita karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- 'appaNA sacca mesejjA' svayaM satya kI khoja kro| isa saMdarbha meM aisA nahIM hotA ki eka vyakti satya khoje aura dUsarA upayoga kare / vaijJAnika jagat meM yaha hotA hai ki vyakti satya ko khoje aura sArA jagat usakA lAbha utthaayeN| kintu adhyAtma kA saMsAra isase bhinna hai / isameM jo satya ko khojatA hai vahI usakA upayoga karatA hai / satya kA sAdhaka hI ahiMsaka hotA hai / samAja meM pahanAva, khAna-pAna, dhArmika AsthA, rAjanaitika vizvAsa Adi kI bhinnatAeM sarvatra parilakSita haiN| samanvaya eka aisA sUtra hai jo bheda meM abheda dRSTi paidA karatA hai / virodha meM avirodha kI cetanA jagAtA hai / anekAMta kA eka sUtra hai samanvaya / vaha bhinna pratIta hone vAle do vastu dharmo meM ekatA kI khoja kA siddhAMta hai| isakA vyApaka saMdarbha hai- maiM akelA nahIM hU~, dUsare kA bhI astitva hai| hama donoM meM saMbaMdha hai| usa saMbaMdha ke AdhAra para hI hamArI jIvana yAtrA calatI hai| isa saMbaMdha kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para sRSTi saMtulana kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai|" yaha samanvaya ke vyApaka saMdarbha kI svIkRti hai | isake sahAre parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura aMtarrASTrIya vAtAvaraNa ko zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva kA paryAya banAyA jA sakatA hai / samanvaya ke pA~ca sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA * maNDanAtmaka nIti baratI jaae| apanI mAnyatA kA pratipAdana kareM kintu dUsaroM para maukhika athavA likhita AkSepa na kiyA jAe / * dUsaroM ke vicAroM ke prati sahiSNutA rakhI jaae| dUsare sampradAya aura usake anuyAyiyoM ke prati ghRNA aura tiraskAra kI bhAvanA kA pracAra na kiyA jaae| koI sAmpradAya - parivartana kare to usake sAtha sAmAjika bahiSkAra Adi avAMchanIya vyavahAra na kiyA jaae| dharma ke maulika tattvoM-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ko jIvanavyApI banAne kA sAmUhika prayatna kiyA jAe / " rASTrIya saMdarbha meM sampradAya nirapekSatA mahattvapUrNa mUlya hai / pratyeka vyakti meM isa cetanA kA jAgaraNa jarUrI hai| vizva meM aneka dharma - hindU, bauddha, sikkha, IsAI, jaina- muslima Adi pracalita haiM / sUkSma matamatAntaroM ke AdhAra para ye dharma bhI sampradAya evaM paMthoM meM baMTa gae / moTe rUpa meM dharma vRkSa hai / mata, paMtha aura sampradAya isakI zAkhAe~ haiM / nAma ke antara ko chor3a koI mUladhArA se bhinna nahIM hai / zAkhA kA astitva vRkSa ke binA nahIM hai aura binA zAkhA ke vRkSa, vRkSa nahIM kahalAtA / sampradAyoM kI upayogitA dharma se jur3e rahane taka hI hai alaga se nahIM / dharma ke maulika tattva mAnavatA ke saMrakSaka haiN| unake vikAsa hetu sampradAya nirapekSatA kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| hara vyakti vANI, lekhana, vicAra-prakAza aura dhArmika upAsanA karane meM svataMtra hai / vividha bhASAeM, vividha jAtiyAM vividha dharma-sampradAya haiM / kintu ina vividhatAoM ke hone para bhI saba eka (mAnava) haiN| sAmpradAyika vigraha se ekatA kI zakti kuMThita hotI hai / saMpradAya nirapekSatA vyakti ke hRdaya meM pratyeka dharma-saMpradAya ke prati Adara-sammAna ke bhAva paidA karatA hai aura vyakti kI soca ko udAra banAtA hai| parivartana kI sazakta kar3I : mUlya bodha / 339

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jAti, raMga, liMga, sampradAya para palane vAle bheda-bhAva ko miTAne vAlA mahAmaMtra hai- mAnavIya ektaa| mAnavIya mUlya hI hai jo vyakti-vyakti ke diloM ko jor3atA hai| isa mUlya kA hajAroM varSa pUrva AdhyAtmika maMca se siMhanAda huA-'ekkA-maNussajAI'-manuSya jAti eka hai| mahAvIra kA yaha udghoSa divya dRSTi se anusyUta hai| isa Adarza ko bhulAne se hI samAja meM viSamatAe~ pnpii| janmanA jAti kI vyavasthA ne manuSyoM meM U~ca-nIca aura chuAchUta kI bhAvanA paidA kI, samatva ke siddhAMta kA vikhaMDana kiyaa| isa sthiti meM manuSya jAti kI ekatA kA udghoSa nahIM hotA to ahiMsA arthahIna ho jaatii| ataH ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM mahAvIra ne kahA-'manuSya karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya, karma se vaizya aura karma se shuudr|' manuSya kevala manuSya hai| vaha vidyAjIvI hotA hai taba brAhmaNa ho jAtA hai| vahI vyakti usI jIvana meM rakSA jIvI hokara kSatriya, vyavasAyajIvI hokara vaizya aura sevAjIvI hokara zUdra ho sakatA hai| parivartanazIla jAti manuSya manuSya ke bIca meM U~ca-nIca aura chuAchUta kI dIvAra khar3I nahIM krtii|42 isakA vyAvahArika anuzIlana vighaTanakArI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne mAnavIya ekatA ko nUtana artha diyA-manuSya-manuSya ke bIca ghRNA aura saMgharSa kI samApti hI isakA vikAsa sUtra hai| mAnasika mUlya mAnasika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA aura vikAsa ahiMsA kI pratiSThA meM sahAyaka hai| tanAva, Avega aura apane prati nirAzA kI bhAvanA evaM paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva mAnasika asaMtulana ke kAraNa haiN| isakA saiddhAntika kAraNa hai-bhAvoM kI azuddhi / mahAprajJa ne mAnasika svAsthya para prakAza ddaalaa| unakI dRSTi meM jo vyakti saMtulita jIvana jItA hai, samatA kA jIvana jItA hai, sahiSNutA kA jIvana jItA hai, mana ko AvegoM aura duzcitAoM kI bhaTTI meM nahIM jhoMkatA, vaha vyakti mAnasika dRSTi se svastha hotA hai| mAnasika svAsthya ke ye kAraka hI mAnasika saMtulana ke hetu haiN| dhRti vaha tattva hai jo vyakti ke mana meM sadAcAra ke prati AsthA ko dRr3ha karatI hai| zikSA ke sAtha dhairya kA prazikSaNa eka bAlaka ko hiMsA se ubarane evaM usase nipaTane kI zakti detA hai| naitika mUlya ucca Adarza samAja meM pratiSThita ho isakI pRSThabhUmi meM naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa mahattvapUrNa hai| naitika mUlya sarvatra eka samAna nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki pUre bhUkhaNDa meM manuSya kA vyavahAra eka jaisA nhiiN| . phira bhI kucheka aise sArvabhauma mUlya haiM, jinakA vikAsa kara samAja meM naitikatA ko kAyama kiyA jA sakatA hai| zikSA ke sAtha prAmANikatA kA prayoga naitika AsthA ko majabUtI detA hai| vacana kI prAmANikatA, artha kI prAmANikatA aura vyavahAra kI prAmANikatA isake vibhinna rUpa haiN| jinake paripArzva meM vyakti kI prAyaH kriyAoM kA samAveza hai| vacana kI prAmANikatA vizvAsa paidA karatI hai| Arthika prAmANikatA zoSaNa ko rokatI hai| vyavahAra kI prAmANikatA saMbaMdhoM ko sauhArdapUrNa banAtI hai| karuNA maitrI kA prakhara prayoga hai| isakA saMbaMdha para-sApekSa nahIM hotaa| prayatna pUrvaka isakA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| naitikatA kA AdhAra hai-krunnaa| hamArI do vRttiyA~ haiM-eka hai krUratA kI vRtti aura dUsarI hai karuNA kI vRtti| karuNA kA saMbaMdha hai saMvedanazIlatA se| manuSya jitanA saMvedanazIla 340 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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hotA hai, utanI karuNA usameM jAgatI jAtI hai| manuSya jitanA asaMvedanazIla hotA hai, utanI krUratA bar3hatI jAtI hai| krUratA para niyaMtraNa karuNA ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| krUratA kI samasyA kA mUla kAraNa hai amAnavIya dRSTikoNa, phira cAhe vaha lobha ke rUpa meM abhivyakta ho yA saMgrahavRtti ke rUpa meM vikasita ho| isako miTAne kA upAya hai-mAnavIya dRSTikoNa kA vikaas| ise hI prAcIna bhASA meM AtmaupamyadRSTi kahA gayA hai| isakA artha hai pratyeka prANI ko apane samAna smjhnaa| pratyeka vyakti meM cetanA jAge ki 'saba mere jaise hI manuSya haiN| hama saba eka hI haiN| maiM bhI manuSya huuN| vaha bhI manuSya hai| mujhe manuSya ko manuSya kI dRSTi se dekhanA caahie|' jaba taka isa dRSTi kA vikAsa nahIM hogA taba taka krUratA samApta nahIM hogI, vyavahAra nahIM bdlegaa| 43 mAnavIya cetanA kA vikAsa karuNA kI pRSThabhUmi meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki karuNA hI ahiMsA kA prANa aura dharma kA phala hai| ahiMsA aura karuNA kI cetanA jAge, prANI mAtra ke prati samatA kI cetanA jAge aura yaha vicAra sudRr3ha bane ki maiM jAnabUjhakara kisI ko kaSTa nahIM duuNgaa| kisI ko satAU~gA nahIM, kisI ke svatva kA haraNa nahIM kruuNgaa| kisI kA ahita aura aniSTa nahIM kruuNgaa| yaha cetanA hI dharma kA phala hai| Aja ise gauNa kiyA jA rahA hai| saMsAra virodhI jor3oM (yugala) se banA hai| bhinnatA ke bAvajUda saMgharSa se ubarane kA sUtra mahAvIra ne saha-astitva kA diyaa| isakA tAtparya hai ki virodhI vyaktiyoM, virodhI vicAroM aura virodhI dharmoM kA saha-astitva ho sakatA hai| sAmAnya dhAraNA hai ki do virodhI dharma eka sAtha nahIM raha skte| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA, 'do virodhI dharma eka sAtha raha sakate haiN|' dArzanika bhASA meM nitya-anitya, sAmAnya-vizeSa-ye eka sAtha raha sakate haiN|....asti aura nAsti, honA aura na honA-donoM sAtha-sAtha rahate haiN| donoM virodhI haiM, para unakA saha-astitva hai| vicAroM kI bhinnatA, zAsana praNAliyoM kI bhinnatA, jIvana stara evaM saMskRti meM bhinnatA ke bAvajUda saha-astitva saMbhava hai| jisakA pramANa hai bhAratIya jntNtr| AdhyAtmika mUlya mUlyoM kI zreNI meM AdhyAtmika mUlya kA sarvopari sthAna hai| adhyAtma kA sIdhAsA artha hai-azubha yoga se zubha yoga meM AnA, azubha bhAva se zubha bhAva meM aanaa| jIvana-vijJAna prazikSaNa ke saMdarbha meM AdhyAtmika mUlya kA artha hai-svabhAva meM pratiSThita honaa| isa koTi meM svIkRta mUlyoM kI saMkSipta mImAMsA iSTa hai| saMbaMdhoM kA jIvana jIne vAlA vyakti padArthoM meM Asakta bana jAtA hai| yaha Asakti hI hiMsA evaM duHkha kA mUla kAraNa hai| isase mukti kA upAya hai-anaaskti| anAsakti kA artha hai-padArtha ke sAtha jur3I huI cetanA kA chUTa jAnA, usake ghanatva kA tanukaraNa ho jAnA, padArtha ke sAtha cetanA kA samparka kama ho jaanaa| anAsakta cetanA rAga-dveSa se uparata hokara samatA dRSTi ko paidA karatI hai| yaha samatA dRSTi hI jIvana meM saMtulana paidA karatI hai| sAmudAyika jIvana kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai shissnnutaa| isake artha ko sUtrAtmaka zailI meM mahAprajJa ne prastuti dI . sahiSNutA kA artha hai-sAmarthya pUrNa smaayojn| * sahiSNutA kA artha hai-zaktizAlI honaa| parivartana kI sazakta kar3I : mUlya bodha / 341

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. sahiSNutA kA artha hai-saMvega para niyNtrnn| . sahiSNutA kA artha hai-ashyog| . sahiSNutA kA artha hai-sudhAra ke lie avasara denaa| inake atirikta sahiSNutA kA artha hai-anukUlatA evaM pratikUlatA ko shnaa| jIvana meM Ane vAlI paristhitiyoM ko jhelane kA manobala isa mUlya se bar3hatA hai| sahiSNutA ke vikAsa kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikAe~ haiM . paristhitiyoM ko jhelnaa| . dUsare vyakti ko sahana krnaa| . apane se bhinna vicAroM ko sahana krnaa| . rAga aura dveSa kI taraMgoM kA sAmanA karanA 15 mahAprajJa ke isa citraNa se suspaSTa hai ki sahiSNutA eka aisA mUlya hai jisakA saMbaMdha vaiyaktika zAMti, sAmAjika samarasatA evaM vizva zAMti se hai| ___ mRdutA sAmUhika jIvana kI saphalatA kA sUtra hai| yaha vyakti ke jIvana meM sarasatA bharatI hai| mRdu svabhAva meM loca hotI hai| jo kArya kaThora anuzAsana se nahIM hotA vaha mRdutA se ho jAtA hai| naitika cetanA kA sUtra hai-mRdu vyvhaar| naitikatA aura mRdutA ko alaga-alaga nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| ____ abhaya jIvana vikAsa kA AdhArabhUta mUlya hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA para bahuta bala diyaa| unhoMne kahA-'Daro mt| kisI se mata ddro| na bImArI se Daro, na mauta se Daro, na kaSTa se Daro aura na bhUta se ddro| kisI se mata ddro| yaha tabhI siddha hogA jaba hama dUsaroM ko DarAeMge nahIM, satAeMge nahIM, dUsaroM ko kaSTa nahIM deMge, apanI ora se dUsaroM kA tilamAtra bhI aniSTa nahIM kreNge| jaisejaise yaha cetanA jAgatI jAegI, abhaya kI cetanA apane Apa vikasita hotI calI jaaegii|46 abhaya ahiMsA kA sAdhana hai| jahA~ bhaya hai vahA~ ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| bhaya aura ahiMsA kA koI mela nahIM, koI saMgati nhiiN| dharma aura ahiMsA donoM kA mUla maMtra hai abhy| abhaya kI cetanA kA vikAsa saMkalpa evaM anuprekSA ke prayoga se kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmAnuzAsana mUlya kA vikAsa vaiyaktika aura sAmudAyika donoM pakSoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| AtmAnuzAsana kA artha hai apanI indriyoM aura mana para viveka kA aMkuza rkhnaa| para-zAsana se Upara uThane vAlA sva-zAsita ho jAtA hai| sva-zAsana kA vikAsa hone para samAja meM avyavasthA nahIM hogI, kintu eka vizeSa vyavasthA hogii| niyama kRtrima nahIM hogA, kintu sahaja hogaa| preraNA kA mUla bhaya nahIM kartavyaniSThA hogii| svatantratA aura AtmAnuzAsana ke saMbaMdha ko prakaTa karate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA-janatantra kA mUla AdhAra hai-svatantratA aura usakA mUla AdhAra hai-vyakti kA aatmaanushaasn| jaba koI vyakti apane Apa para apanA niyantraNa rakha sakatA hai, tabhI vaha svatantratA kI lau prajjvalita kara sakatA hai| adhinAyakatA ke yuga meM bhaya aura AtaMka kA rAjya hotA hai, isalie vyakti ke AtmAnuzAsana kA vizeSa mUlya nahIM hogaa| janatantra ke yuga meM abhaya kA rAjya hotA hai, isalie usameM AtmAnuzAsana kA mUlya bar3ha jAtA hai| cUMki svatantratA kA artha hai AtmAnuzAsana kA vikaas| zikSA praNAlI ke saMdarbha meM jIvana-vijJAna kA artha hai bauddhika vikAsa ke sAtha bhAvanAtmaka vikAsa kA santulana ho| bhAvanAtmaka vikAsa kA eka pahalU hai-naitika vikaas| isake do rUpa haiM-sAmAjika naitikatA aura vaiyaktika naitiktaa| sAmAjika naitikatA aura anuzAsana ke saMdarbha meM samAja yA saMsthA ke niyama upaniyama vyakti kI vAsanA, vRttiyA~, saMvega kI samasyA ko binA vicAre banAye jAte haiN| 342 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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jinakA pAlana vaiyaktika naitikatA vyaktigata saMvegoM aura vRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa karane para hI saMbhava hotA hai| jIvana-vijJAna prazikSaNa meM mUlyoM kA zikSaNa bhAvanAtmaka svasthatA kA kAraka hai| isake pIche mahattvapUrNa dRSTi rahI hai-vidyArthI samAja meM jItA hai| use sAmAjika prANI bananA hai| usako samAja ke niyamoM ko mAnanA hai, rASTra ke niyamoM kA pAlana karanA hai, kyoMki vaha rASTra meM rahatA hai| yadi zikSA ke dvArA usakI yaha mAnasikatA nahIM banatI hai to vaha acchA vidyArthI nahIM bana sktaa| isase bhI adhika jarUrI hai saMvegoM para niyaMtraNa krnaa| yaha naitikatA kA mahattvapUrNa bindu hai| yaha zikSA ke sAtha judd'e| jIvana-vijJAna prazikSaNa meM isI apekSA kI pUrti huI hai| zikSA meM sAtha mAnasika zakti kI bAta bhI jur3I honI caahie| isa zakti kA vikAsa jisa rASTra, samAja yA vyakti meM nahIM hotA, vaha kamajora ho jAtA hai| jina vyaktiyoM meM manobala kA vikAsa aura bhAvAtmaka vikAsa-donoM nyUna haiM, zikSAzAstrI unake vikAsa ke lie naI-naI paddhatiyA~ prastuta kara rahe haiN| Aja apekSA hai ki sAmAjika pariveza badale aura varga-saMgharSa, vaimanasya Adi samasyAe~ samAhita hoN| isake lie bhAvanAtmaka vikAsa apekSita hai| isa apekSA kI saMpUrti mUlyoM ke abhyAsa se saMbhava hai| mUlyoM kI pratiSThA hetu vizeSarUpa se anuprekSA aura bhAvanA yoga ke prayoga nirdiSTa haiN| anuprekSAoM ke prayoga se zarIrastha nyUronsa vAMchita vikAsa ko saMpAdita karate haiN| pariNAmataH ciMtana aura anucintana kI prakriyA se citta zuddhi, citta samAdhi, samasyA samAdhAna aura saMskAra nirmANa kI prakriyA sugama ho jAtI hai| mUlyoM se saMbaMdhita prAyogika anuprekSAoM kI savidhi mImAMsA, 'amUrta cintana' pustaka meM kI gayI hai| bhAvanA yoga vaicArika vizaddhi kA prayoga hai jisakA aitihAsika saMdarbha hai 'zivasaMkalpamastu meM manaH' merA mana pavitra saMkalpa vAlA bne| merA mana nirantara pavitra banA rhe| 48 mana kI pavitratA svabhAva aura vyavahAra ko pavitra banAtI hai| pariNAmataH aneka vaiyaktika, sAmAjika aura rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya samasyAoM kA samAdhAna svataH ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA kI asIma zakti prAyogika saMdarbha se jur3akara samAdhAna kI nUtana rekhAe~ khIMcane meM samartha bnii| jisameM ikkIsavIM sadI ke mAnava kA AdhyAtmika-bhautika pathadarzana karane kI adbhuta kSamatA hai| jahA~ taka prayoga pakSa kA saMdarbha hai gAMdhI-mahAprajJa kI prayoga pravidhi meM samAnatA aura vaiziSTya kI yuti hai| prayogoM ke dvArA hRdaya parivartana kI prakriyA ko donoM manISI samAna rUpa se svIkArate haiN| jahA~ taka vaiziSTya kA prazna hai gAMdhI ne deza (bhArata) kI AjAdI ke saMdarbha meM athavA janajAgaraNa kI dRSTi se ahiMsAtmaka prayogoM ko apnaayaa| unheM saphalatA bhI milii| sAdhutA ke anugAmI AcArya mahAprajJa ne svAtmAnubhUti se jur3e prayogoM ko vyavahArika jagat meM pratiSThita kara vyakti parivartana se samUha parivartana kI misAla kAyama kii| jo svataMtra bhArata ke nAgarikoM kI Atma-vizuddhi ke lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| vimarza ke AdhAra para yaha parilakSita hotA hai ki donoM manISiyoM kA eka mAtra lakSya ahiMsAtmaka prayogoM dvArA vyaSTi se samaSTigata parivartana ghaTita karanA rahA hai| vyApakatA kA saMdarbha aba bhI zeSa hai| saMdarbha 1. gAMdhI jI, hinda svarAjya, 12 2. DaoN. esa. ena. zarmA, Adhunika sAmAnya manovijJAna, 94 3. harijana sevaka, 19.4.42 parivartana kI sazakta kar3I : mUlya bodha / 343

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4. sampUrNa gAMdhI vAD.maya, khaNDa. 9. 62-63 sitambara, 1963 5. sampUrNa gAMdhI vAD.maya, khaNDa 15. 106,163 sitambara, 1965 6. sumitrA gAMdhI kulakarNI, mahAtmA gAMdhI mere pitAmaha, 134 7-8. sampUrNa gAMdhI vAD.maya, 9.98-99, 226-27 9. sampUrNa gAMdhI vAD.maya, 15. 220-21 10. mahAdeva desAI, haribhAU upAdhyAya, saMkSipta Atma-kathA, 99 11. DaoN. dazaratha siMha, gAMdhIvAda ko vinobA kI dena, 487 12. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-2.208. harijana sevaka, 21.5.38 13-14. sAne gurUjI, bApU kI mIThI-mIThI bAteM, 71-72, 51 15. AcArya mahAprajJa, ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale, 240-41 16. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-3.290 harijana sevaka, 30.9.1939 17. Hind Swaroj or Indian Home. Rule. p. 12 18. rAdhAkRSNan, dharma aura samAja, 274-75 19. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA. 1.118-19 hindI navajIvana, 15.8.1928 20. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-1.34 yaMga iMDiyA, 28.7.1921 21. gAMdhI citrAvalI, 85 22. bApU kI mIThI-mIThe bAteM, 19 23. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, mahAvIra kA punarjanma, 296-7 saM. 1993 24. bApU-kathA, 102 25. saMpUrNa gAMdhI vAD.maya, 15.104-5 26-27. bApU-kathA, 58, 59,107-9 28. ahiMsA-3.273, harijana sevaka 3-6. 1939 29. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, mahAvIra kA punarjanma, 296. (saM. 1993) 30,31. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 133,122,135 saM. disambara 2000 32-33. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, prathama saMskaraNa-1986, dharmacakra kA pravartana, 4.35 34-35. AcArya mahAprajJa, aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 197, 208, 167 36. mahAprajJa ne kahA-26.77 37. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 155 38. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, merI dRSTiH merI sRSTi, 199, 131 sa. tRtIya 39. mahAprajJa ne kahA-26. 26 40. muni sukhalAla, ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2.152-53 41-48. dharmacakra kA pravartana, 68, 74, 71, 32-34, 84, 28 49. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA aura zAMti, 97 50-51. parivAra ke sAtha kaise rahe? 154-57, 145 52. ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale, 233 aNuvrata darzana, 47 53. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 168 54. dharmacakra kA pravartana, 19 55. mahAprajJa ne kahA-8, 91 56. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 17-18 57. gAMdhI jI, aMhisA bhAga-4.396 harijana baMdhu mUla gujarAtI 5.5.46 58. yuvAdRSTi, mArca 2000.17-21 59. aMhisA, 2.209-10 0.40 344 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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60. RSi vinobA, 280 61. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, merI dRSTiH merI sRSTi 118 saM. tRtIya 62. meM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA, 247, 250 63. merI dRSTiH merI sRSTi 119, 131 64. yuvAdRSTi, akTUbara 2000.52-53 65. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.202 66-67. yuvAdRSTi, akTUbara 2000.52-53 68. aNuvrata, 1 agasta 2000.5 69-71. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.208,212, 101-208 72. sevAgrAma, 25.8.42 harijana baMdhu 31.8.40 73. harijana 18.1.42 74. mahAprajJa ne kahA-7.68 75. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2.265, 166 76. maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA, 252-53, aNuvrata 1-5 disambara kavara pRSTha, 2003 77. vijJapti, 7-13 julAI 2002.7 78. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4.150 79. vijJapti, 11-7 apraila, 2004.16 80. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA ke achUte pahala, 50 81. aNuvrata, 1-5.12.2003.5 82. saM. bhagavAnadAsa, ahiMsA prazikSaNaH anubhUtiyA~, kavara pRSTha 83. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1.90 84. muni dhaMnajaya kumAra, mahAprajJaHjIvana darzana, 66, sa. dvitIya 1996 85. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, merI dRSTiH merI sRSTi, 133 86. aMhisA vyakti aura samAja, 56 87. AcArya mahAprajJa, aMhisA ke sandarbha meM, 8 88. yugIna samasyA aura aMhisA, 93 89. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2.96.7 90. aMhisA ke achUte pahalu . 51-53 91. lokatantra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 63-66, 99-100 92. lokatantra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 84-85. saM. agasta 2002 93. nayA mAnava : nayA vizva, 41-45 94. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu. 31.32.saM.prathama janavarI. 1989 95-96. lokatantra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 88-89,85-89 97. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA aura zAMti, 88 saM. 1999 98. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 51-53 99. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga- 2.36 100. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga- 2.60 101. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga- 1.33 102. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga- 2.25.36 103. mahAprajJa ne kahA-3,33.179 saM. janavarI,2006 104. ahiMsA prazikSaNaH anubhUtiyA~.129, 2010 105. vijJapti, 9.15.5. 2004.11 parivartana kI sazakta kar3I : mUlya bodha / 345

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106. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16,26,46 107-108. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga- 2.257, 25.12.9 109. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga- 1.254 110. harijana sevaka, 20.7.47 111. lokatantra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja nayA samAja, 78 112. AcArya mahAprajJa, vicAra ko badalanA sIkheM, 39 (saM. 2000) 113. adhyAtma yoga. akTUbara 2003.6 114. ahiMsA aura zAnti, 88 115. vicAra ko badalanA sIkheM, 52-53 116. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,57 117. lokatantra nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 101-3 118. AcArya mahAprajJa, prAsaMgika hai dharma aura darzana, 24-25 saM. 2003 119. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,84 120. jIvana vijJAna zikSA kA nayA AyAma, 105-9 saM.1988 121. kaise rahe parivAra ke sAtha?,30 122. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 13-14,27-29. saM.2003 123. AcArya mahAprajJa, bhItara kI ora, 30 saM. 2001 124. AcArya mahAprajJa, appANaM zaraNaM gacchAmi, 212, (paMcama saMskaraNa-1992) 125. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 24-25. saM. 2003 126. AbhAmaMDala, 8 saMskaraNa 1991 127. prekSAdhyAna : siddhAMta aura prayoga, 28 128. AbhAmaMDala. 51.69. (saM. 1991) 129. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 24. saM. 2003 130. AbhAmaMDala, 51. saM. 1991 131. mahAprajJa ne kahA-2,18 132. AbhAmaMDala, 72 133. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-4.362 134. AcArya mahAprajJa, taba hotA hai dhyAna kA janma, 29 (saM. agasta.1996) 135. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16,118 136. AcArya mahAprajJa, kaisI ho ikkIsavIM zatAbdI?, 55 137. hindI navajIvana, 43.9.28 138-139. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, amUrta cintana, 105-6, 116, 122-23 140. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 44 141-142. amUrta cintana, 137-38, 149,161 143. ekalA calo re, 55.75 144. mahAprajJa ne kahA-26,40 145. amUrta cintana, 187-196,93-4 146. mahAvIra kA punarjanma, 223. saM. 2003 147. amUrta cintana, 221-225 148. ahiMsA ke achUte pahala, 110 (saM. janavarI 1989) 346/ a~dhere meM ujAlA

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adhyAya-5 vaicArika bheda aura abheda

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pUrvavRtta karma-kauzala aura kriyAnviti kI dhurA para pratiSThita mahAtmA gAMdhI aura AcArya mahAprajJa kI soca se upajA satya vaijJAnika yuga kA dizA darzana hai| manISiyoM ne jina zAzvata mUlyoM ko jIyA aura vyApaka paimAne para prasthApita kiyA unameM samAdhAna kI apUrva kSamatA hai| ahiMsA saMbaMdhI maulika vicAroM meM se katipaya tathyoM kA vimarza prastuta adhyAya meM 'ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAroM meM 'bheda, abheda evaM samanvaya' ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke na kevala vicAroM meM hI samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai apitu jIvana vyavahAra ke aneka pakSoM meM yathA-nispRhatA, zramazIlatA, khAdya saMyama, anAsakti, niyamita dinacaryA, dRr3ha nizcayatA, karuNA-paropakAritA, rASTrotthAna kI bhAvanA meM sAmyatA kA nidarzana hai| itanA hI nahIM zArIrika dRSTi se bhI kAphI samAnatA gocara hotii| ahiMsA soca meM kaI maulika samAnatAe~ . ahiMsA donoM manISiyoM ke cintana kA kendra bindu hai, vyApaka rUpa se isake pAlana para bala diyA hai| ahiMsA ke manasA-vAcA-karmaNA anuzIlana para bala diyA hai| ahiMsA vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM avasthA kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3A balki gAMdhI ne to yahA~ taka kahA-majhe aisA nahIM lagatA ki merI deha chaTane ke bAda merA vikAsa banda ho jaayegaa| ahiMsA para calI lekhanI kA jahA~ taka prazna hai, donoM meM vaicArika vikAsa kA pravAha niraMtara pravardhamAna bnaa| gAMdhI ne kahA-mere eka hI viSaya para likhe do lekhoM meM kahIM virodhAbhAsa lage to bAda ke lekha ko pramANabhUta maaneN| mahAprajJa ne jIvana ke 8-9 dazaka meM ahiMsA para jitanA kahA-likhA utanA pUrva meM nhiiN| ahiMsA saMbaMdhI ciMtana meM vyApaka samAnatAoM ke bAvajUda asamAnAtAe~ bhI dekhI jAtI haiM, jo svAbhAvika haiN| donoM kA kAryakSetra bhinna-bhinna dizAoM meM gatimAna huA hai| bhinnatA ke katipaya saMdarbha haiM gAMdhI ko maraNazIla ko mRtyudAna, saMpatti surakSA hetu hiMsA kA varaNa mAnya thA, para mahAprajJa ne sarvathA-sarvadA hara sthiti meM ahiMsA ke anupAlana para bala diyaa| gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ke saMgaThita prayoga para bala diyA-rAjanaitika, sAmAjika AMdolana meM isakA upayoga unakI isa saiddhAMtika mAnyatA kA vyAvahArika rUpa thaa| mahAprajJa prathamataH vyaktigata pUrvavRtta / 349

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ahiMsA vikAsa ke pakSadhara haiM kiMtu sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika kSetroM meM bhI samucita rUpa se ahiMsA ke vikAsa para bala dete rahe haiN| gAMdhI kA ahiMsA prayoga prAyaH sAmUhika rhaa| vyaktigata stara para unhoMne svayaM ahiMsA ke kaI prayoga kiye para mahAprajJa ne manuSyetara mUka prANiyoM-prakRti ke kaNa-kaNa se tAdAtmya sthApita karane paryaMta bala diyA hai| gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke ahiMsA viSayaka vicAroM meM aneka samanvaya sUtra guMphita haiN| mAnava ke samakSa Aja astitva kA saMkaTa upasthita ho rahA hai| aisI viSama paristhiti se ubarane ke lie manISiyoM dvArA nirdiSTa ahiMsA kA mArga AzA kI naI kiraNa hai| donoM manISiyoM ke ahiMsaka ciMtana kI samanvita prastuti, prayoga aura samAcaraNa vizva mAnava ko saMrakSaNa dene meM samartha hai| apekSA hai usake vyApaka prayoga aura prazikSaNa kii| 350 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka bIsavIM / ikkIsavIM zatAbdI ko AdhyAtmika dizA dene vAloM meM mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa kA nAma agraNI hai| sanAtana mUlyoM ke Aloka meM yugadhArA ko mor3ane vAle mahApuruSoM ke vicAroM meM samAnatA aura vaiziSTya kA apUrva saMgama hai / ahiMsA ke virAT saMdarbha ko jIvana-vyavahAra kI samagra prakriyA meM samarasa banAne hetu gAMdhI kA prayatna stutya hai / AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA kI akhaMDa A ko jIvana kA sadAvrata bnaayaa| ve ahiMsA ke pratIka paryAya the| unake ciMtana, vANI evaM karma se ahiMsA mukharita huii| unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsA kisI bhI sthiti meM apanI maulikatA ko atikrAMta nahIM kara sktii| manISiyoM ke ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAroM meM bheda, abheda evaM samanvaya kI dizA kA vimarza prastuta adhyAya meM abhISTa hai| kAryakSetra gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa kI ahiMsAdRSTi ko maulika AdhAra dene vAle tathyoM meM mahattvapUrNa hai - unakA kAryakSetra / gAMdhI ke kArya kA abhinna aMga banA rAjanaitika kSetra / svabhAva se gAMdhI AdhyAtmika, naitika niSThAvAna vyakti the| rAjanIti ko unhoMne Apaddharma ke rUpa meM apanAyA aura bhAratIya ucca AdarzoM para usake mAnacitra ko nayA rUpa pradAna kiyA / pariNAmataH ve bhAratIya svataMtratA saMgrAma ke agraNI hI nahIM mahAnAyaka bana gye| gAMdhI ko mahAnAyaka kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita karane vAlA setu thA unakA ahiMsA prema / isakA aMdAja isase lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki gAMdhI deza kI AjAdI ko ati mahattvapUrNa lakSya mAnate the phira bhI ve use ahiMsA ko tyAgakara prApta karanA nahIM cAhate the / videzI sattA ko haTAne ke lie hiMsA ke badale ahiMsA ko hathiyAra banAne kA kAraNa bhI yahI thA / gAMdhI ne ahiMsA kA sarvAdhika prayoga rAjanIti ke kSetra meM kiyA / cANakya aura maikyAvalI jaise aneka rAjanItika ciMtakoM ke prabhAva se chala chadma, dAMva-peMca tathA jhUTha-prapaMca Adi durguNoM se yukta rAjanIti ko unhoMne ahiMsA ke prayoga se svaccha evaM svastha karake, satya, prema tathA karuNA Adi sadguNoM se saMpRkta kiyaa| isase bhI bar3hakara unhoMne apanI vyaktigata mukti kA AdhAra rASTra sevA ko bnaayaa| gAMdhI se pUrva kisI ko yaha nahIM sUjhA ki rAjanaitika AMdolana tathA samAja sevA ke kArya bhI vaiyaktika mukti ke sAdhana sakate haiN| ahiMsA kI amiTa AsthA se abhinava bhAvadhArA kA saMcAra huA jisakI prastuti unake vicAroM meM dekhI jAtI hai / maiM satya kA vinamra sevaka hU~ / AtmajJAna prApta karane ko adhIra hU~ / maiM isa jIvana meM mokSa cAhatA huuN| merI rASTra sevA merI AdhyAtmika bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 351

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sAdhanA hai, jisake dvArA maiM apanI AtmA ko zarIra ke bandhana se mukta karanA cAhatA hU~ / vizva ke nazvara rAjya kI mujhe kAmanA nahIM hai / maiM to usa svarga rAjya ke lie sAdhanA meM lIna hU~ jise mukti kahate haiN| apane dhyeya kI prApti ke lie guphA sevana kI mujhe AvazyakatA nahIM dikhatI / guphA to mere bhItara bhI maujUda hai yadi use maiM jAna pAU~ / guphAvAsI yogI bhI havAI mahala kI kalpanA meM phaMsa sakatA hai kintu rAjamahala kA vAsI janaka aisI kalpanAoM se mukta hai / zarIra guphA meM aura mana saMsAra meM rahe to guphAvAsI ko bhI zAnti nahIM mila sakatI / kintu mahaloM ke cAka cikya ke bhItara basane vAle janaka ko aisI zAnti prApta ho sakatI hai jise ve hI jAnate haiM jinheM aisI zAnti mila cukI ho| mere lie mokSa kA mArga svadeza va nikhila mAnavatA kI sevA kA mArga hai| merI yAtrA mokSa aura sanAtana zAnti kI ora hai| deza-bhakti to isa yAtrA kA patha hai / isalie merI dRSTi meM rAjanIti dharma se bhinna nahIM ho sakatI / rAjanIti ko sadaiva dharma kI adhInatA meM calanA cAhie / dharmahIna rAjanIti mRtyupAza ke samAna hai kyoMki usase AtmA kA hanana hotA hai / yaha ahiMsA aura rAjanIti kI samanvita sAdhanA kA spaSTa nidarzana hai jo unakI abhinava soca kA sabUta detI hai / gAMdhI kA rAjanaitika vyaktitva unake AdhyAtmika vyaktitva ko ujAgara karatA hai| unhoMne apanI mAnasikatA kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA-zuddha artha meM maiM AdhyAtmika aura dhArmika vyakti huuN| maiMne rAjanIti ko mAdhyama banAyA hai janatA ke sAtha AtmIyatA sthApita karane ke lie| usake lie yaha sabase bar3A mAdhyama hai, isalie ise maiMne cunA hai / kintu merI koI bhI rAjanIti, samAjanIti, arthanIti adhyAtma se pRthaka nahIM ho sktii| agara adhyAtma se pRthak hai to vaha mere lie kacarA hai, dhUli hai, kisI bhI taraha se vaha mere lie upayukta nahIM hai / " prakaTa rUpa se gAMdhI ne rAjanIti ko kitane pavitra bhAva se apanAyA thaa| yaha unake kathana se jAna sakate haiN| rAjanIti ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI zakti para saMdeha karane vAloM se kahA- 'merI ahiMsA kI paddhati kabhI zakti ko ghaTA nahIM sakatI, balki saMkaTa ke samaya, yadi rASTra cAhegA, to kevala yahI paddhati use anuzAsita aura suvyavasthita kara pAne meM samartha banAegI / " unake ye vicAra na kevala bhAratIya rAjanIti taka sImita the apitu duniyA ke sabhI parataMtra mulkoM ke viSaya meM bhI the| isakA eka udAharaNa hI paryApta hogaa| jaba mistra aMgrejI jue se mukta hone kI koziza kara rahA thA taba usane gAMdhI (athavA bhArata) se saMdeza maaNgaa| gAMdhI ne zubhakAmanAoM ke sAtha likhA- 'yaha kitanA acchA hogA, yadi mistra ahiMsA ke saMdeza ko apanAve ?' bhArata ke nimitta vizva rAjanIti ke samakSa unhoMne AtmatyAga ke alaukika niyama ko ujAgara kiyA aura batAyA ki jina RSiyoM ne hiMsA ke bIca meM se ahiMsA kA maMtra nikAlA unameM nyUTana se kahIM adhika kSamatA thI / unakI vIratA aura sAhasika zakti veliMgaTana se kama nahIM thI / zastrazakti ke prayoga ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhakara unhoMne usakI niHsAratA dekha lI aura isalie unhoMne isa khinna aura zrAMta saMsAra ko sikhalAyA ki mokSa yA uddhAra ahiMsA ke dvArA jisa taraha ho sakatA hai, hiMsA ke dvArA usa taraha nahIM ho sktaa|' ise satyApita kiyA - ' ahiMsA binA khUna kharAbe ke rAjanItika saphalatA pAna kA tarIkA hai|' dRr3hatA ke sAtha ve apane dhyeya ke sAtha jur3e rahe / aneka prasaMgoM para prastuti dI- mere pAsa koI gupta mArga nahIM hai / maiM satya ko chor3akara kisI kUTanIti ko nahIM jaantaa| merA eka hI zastra hai- ahiMsA / saMbhava hai ki maiM anajAne, kucha dUra ke lie galata rAste 352 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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bhaTakA liyA jAU~ kintu yaha hamezA ke lie nahIM cala sktaa| ataeva maiMne apane lie aisI kaida nizcita kara lI hai| jisake dAyare ke bhItara hI mujha se kAma liyA jA sakatA hai| svataMtratA AMdolana ke silasile meM gAMdhI ke samakSa prazna upasthita kiyA gayA- 'kyA Apa ugra rASTravAdI kI pravRtti prakaTa nahIM karate? aura kyA Apa yaha nahIM samajhate ki svataMtratA-prApti ke lie dasa lAkha prANoM kA balidAna kara denA khataranAka Adarza hogaa|' ise samAhita karate hue kahA maiM nahIM samajhatA ki apane nija ke jIvana kA balidAna karanA koI khataranAka Adarza hai aura ina bahumUlya prANoM kA balidAna to vaha deza karegA, jise jabaradastI anivArya rUpa se zastra-tyAga karanA par3A hai| Apako yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bhArata ahiMsA ke lie pratijJAbaddha hai aura isalie kisI dUsare ke prANa lene kA vahA~ koI prazna hI nahIM hai| hama apane prANoM ko itanA sastA yA phAlatU nahIM samajhate ki vyartha ke lie unheM ga~vA baiTheM, kiMtu sAtha hI hameM dasa lAkha prANoM kA bhI balidAna karanA par3e to hama kala hI karane ko taiyAra hoMge aura isapara AkAza meM se Izvara yahI kahegA-zAbAza mere putroM, zAbAza! hama apanI svataMtratA prApta karane kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| Apa sAmrAjyavAdI prakRti ke loga haiN| Apako dUsare ko bhayabhIta karane kI Adata par3I huI hai| gAMdhI ke isa spaSTa uttara meM Atma balidAna aura rASTraprema kA jIvaMta saMdeza thaa| aisI zakti unameM ahiMsA kI AsthA se niSpanna huii| gAMdhI kahate the-koI bhI rASTra dUsare rASTra ko svataMtratA kA dAna nahIM de sktaa| vaha to apanA khUna dekara hI prApta karanI athavA kharIdanI par3atI hai, jo kriyA san 1919 se apane Apa bhArata meM cala rahI hai usameM hama apanA khUna kAphI de cuke haiN| kintu yaha ho sakatA hai ki Izvara kI kRpAlu dRSTi meM abhI aisA pratIta hotA ho ki Atma-zuddhi kI kriyA meM hama abhI pUre nahIM utre| para hamArI dRr3ha pratijJA hai ki jaba taka koI bhI aMgreja bhArata meM zAsaka kI taraha rahanA asvIkAra na karegA, hama Atma-balidAna kI isa kriyA ko barAbara jArI rkheNge| apane isa phaulAdI saMkalpa ko gAMdhI ne pUrA kara duniyA ke sAmane naye itihAsa kA sRjana kiyaa| ahiMsA prayoga kI sArthakatA aura vaijJAnikatA ko siddha kara dikhaayaa| gAMdhI ne dRr3hatA pUrvaka kahA ahiMsA kI zikSA pratyeka dharma meM vartamAna hai, kintu merA vizvAsa hai ki hindustAna meM usake AcaraNa ko eka vaijJAnika rUpa diyA gayA hai| agaNita RSi-muniyoM ne tapasyA karake apane jIvana kA utsarga kiyA hai| kintu Aja ahiMsA ke usa AcaraNa kA lagabhaga anta ho cukA hai| krodha kA uttara prema se aura hiMsA kA ahiMsA se dene kA sanAtana niyama phira se jIvita kiyA jAnA caahie| vicAroM ko kriyAnviti dI aura jana-jana ko AjAdI kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsA ke anupAlana para bala diyaa| unhoMne isa tathya ko samajhAyA ki jo vyakti tathA rASTra ahiMsA kA avalaMbana karanA cAhe unheM Atma sammAna ko chor3akara, apanA sarvasva gaMvAne ke liye taiyAra rahanA caahiye|.....yh samajhanA jabadarasta bhUla hai ki ahiMsA kevala vyaktiyoM ke liye hI lAbhadAyaka hai jana samUha ke lie nhiiN| jitanA vaha vyakti ke liye dharma hai utanA hI vaha rASTra ke liye bhI dharma hai| isa kathana meM ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vyApaka dRSTi kA nidarzana hai| bhArata kI AjAdI meM ahiMsA kI bhUmikA kahA~ taka rahI yaha ciMtanIya prazna hai, para gAMdhI ne apanA vizvAsa prakaTa karate hue kahA 'merA vizvAsa hai ki ahiMsA kA pAlana hI hameM AjAdI taka le AyA hai| cAhe usameM kitane hI doSa kyoM na rahe hoN|' isa Atma nivedana meM satyAnubhUti kA Aloka thaa| gAMdhI ne bhAratIya AjAdI ke saphara ko jo ahiMsA-satya kA apUrva AdhAra diyA vaha mAnava bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 353

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jAti ke lie amUlya upahAra bana gyaa| pUrI duniyA ke prabuddha jana-mAnasa ne gAMdhI ke ahiMsaka AjAdI AMdolana ko pAzavika zakti para naitika zakti kI vijaya karAra dii| rAjanIti unakA na kevala karma kSetra banakara rahA apitu Atma vizuddhi kA dharmakSetra bana gyaa| karmakSetra kI tulA para AcArya mahAprajJa kA samAcaraNa gAMdhI se sarvathA bhinna thaa| unakA karmabhedI AtmothAna kA ekamAtra lakSya AdhyAtmika ciMtana-maMthana pUrvaka zodha aura etad viSayaka gatizIlatA bnii| 'tinnANaM tArayANaM' muni ke vizeSaNa ko sArthaka banAne meM mahAprajJa ne apanI prAjJazakti ko niyojita kiyaa| unhoMne dhArmika jagat meM panape avarodha-dharma se paraloka sukhI banatA hai, ko haTAne meM aha~ bhUmikA adA kii| unakA mAnanA thA ki dharma se vartamAna jIvana sukhI aura zAMtipUrNa banatA hai| para dhArmika kahalAne vAloM ko apanA siMhAvalokana karanA hogaa| 'citaMna kareM ki dharma ko hama kisa rUpa meM svIkAra kara rahe haiN| jahA~ prAmANikatA nahIM, naitikatA nahIM, ImAnadArI nahIM, vahA~ ahiMsA nahIM ho sakatI aura vyavahAra bhI acchA nahIM cala sktaa|' adhyAtma kI gaharAI meM avagAhana kara unhoMne aneka maulika tathyoM kA vizleSaNa kiyaa| unhoMne batalAyA-'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'-AdhyAtmika bhUmikA kA anucintana hai| adhyAtma ke zikhara para pahu~cane vAle vyakti ke lie koI apanA aura parAyA nahIM hotaa| tava-mama kA bheda samApta ho jAtA hai| isa bhUmikA kI anubhUti aura usakI abhivyaMjaka zabdAvalI ko hama samAja kI bhUmikA para sIdhA nahIM utAra skte|.....smaaj vyavasthA meM parivartana cAhane vAle acche-acche siddhAntoM, vacanoM aura pravacanoM ko sAmane rakhakara itizrI mAna lete haiN| siddhAMta aura vicAra AkAra lie binA hI niraMjana-nirAkAra bana jAte haiN| sAmAjika dharAtala para ucca Adarza taba taka vyApaka nahIM bana sakate jabataka vyakti kA mastiSka arthAt antaHkaraNa badala nahIM jaataa| etadartha unhoMne mastiSka pariSkAra hRdaya parivartana para bala diyaa| sAmAjika dharAtala para mahAprajJa ne vikAsa kI nUtana paribhASA prastuta kI-jisa rASTra meM naitikatA adhika hai, sadAcAra jyAdA hai, hiMsA kama hai, ahiMsA kA vikAsa hai, loga zAMti aura sukha ke sAtha jIte haiM, jahA~ pAgalakhAne yA meMTala haoNspITala kama haiM, jeleM kama haiM, vaha rASTra aura samAja vikasita hai| vikAsa kA yaha perAmITara mAnava mana meM naI cetanA kA saMcAra karatA hai| yaha unake vyApaka rASTra prema ko prakaTa karatA hai ki vo apanI sImA meM rahakara bhI deza kI pratyeka ikAI kA vAstavika vikAsa kisa kadara cAhate the| unake zabdoM meM- 'maiM hamezA AdamI ko sAmane rakhakara calatA huuN| samAja meM insAniyata kA vikAsa ho, bhAIcArA bar3he, samAja aura rASTra kI ekatA majabUta ho, naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa ho, yahI hamArA mukhya vijana hai, yahI hamAre kAryakramoM kA nicor3a haiN|' kathana meM rASTrotthAna kI spaSTa jhalaka hai| naitikatA kI vyApaka pratiSThA hetu unhoMne sujhAyA- 'ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAlI svayaM sevI saMsthAoM kA apanA eka maMca ho, saMyukta rASTrasaMgha ho| usakA apanA arthazAstra ho, samAjazAstra ho, AcAra-saMhitA ho|' isa maMtavya se mahAprajJa kI vyApaka ahiMsA jAgRti kI saMkalpanA kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne ahiMsaka grAma yojanA evaM rojagAra prazikSaNa kI prakriyA ko samAja meM pratiSThita karane para bala diyaa| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI pravidhi kA sUtrapAta kara usake racanAtmaka svarUpa ko vyApakatA dene ke lie sapta varSIya ahiMsA yAtrA kA saMcaraNa kiyaa| sAmAjika saMdarbha meM ahiMsA kI guNavattA ujAgara ho isake lie AdhyAtmika zakti kA niyojana kiyaa| apanI sabhAoM meM logoM se AhvAna kiyA-'hameM samAja ko eka nayA darzana denA hai aura vaha darzana hai ahiMsA kaa| ahiMsA meM samAja ke samIkaraNa kI kSamatA hai| samAja meM jo itanA bheda, 354 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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itanA aMtara aura itanA vaiSamya hai, use pATane kA sAmarthya hai / maiM mAnatA hU~ vaha samAja vyavasthA, vaha rAjya vyavasthA, vaha arthavyavasthA aura vaha dharmavyavasthA bhI acchI nahIM hotI, jo vyaktiyoM ke tanAva ko dUra na kara ske| Aja kI sabase bar3I bImArI hai tanAva / yaha bImArI dUsarI tamAma bImAriyoM kI janmadAtrI hai / " yaha unakA mAtra vAcika abhyupagama hI nahIM hai / isake upacAra svarUpa vibhinna prAyogika pakSoM ko adhyAtma ke dharAtala para ujAgara kiyA hai / ahiMsA kI prasthApanA meM eka mahattvapUrNa AyAma hai-suvidhAvAdI dRSTikoNa bdle| hama pradUSaNa se cintita haiM, trasta haiM / suvidhAvAdI dRSTikoNa pradUSaNa paidA kara rahA hai, usa para hamArA dhyAna hI nahIM jA rahA hai| 'maiM jAnatA hU~-samAja suvidhA ko chor3a nahIM sakatA kintu vaha asIma na ho - yaha viveka Avazyaka hai| yadi suvidhAoM kA vistAra nirantara jArI rahA to ahiMsA kA svapna yathArtha meM pariNata nahIM hogA / ' samAja vyApI viSamatAoM kA citrAMkana kiyA- Aja anaitikatA bahuta hai, bhraSTAcAra bahuta hai, aparAdha, hiMsA bahuta hai, AtaMka aura upadrava bahuta hai / yaha sArA kyoM hai ?.....mUrcchA (moha) ke kAraNa hai| moha kA ghanA aMdhakAra hai / jaba jJAna kA pUrNa prakAza hotA hai phira pUrNa moha kA vilaya hotA hai / jaba taka moha kA aMdhakAra hai vyakti saccAI ko pakar3a nahIM paataa| isa mUrcchA ke vilayana meM ve prekSAdhyAna ke abhyAsa ko mahattvapUrNa batalAte / vaha isalie jarUrI hai ki jo dhArA hamAre bhAvoM ko uttejanA detI hai, unheM malina banAtI hai, mana meM azAnti paidA karatI hai, yuddha aura AtaMka paidA karatI hai, usa dhArA ko kamajora banAnA hai| usa dhArA ko prabala banAnA hai, jisameM zAnti aura ahiMsA hai, sAmaMjasya aura samanvaya hai, maitrI aura saha astitva hai / " bhAvadhArA ke parivartana se samAja meM ahiMsA pratiSThA kA upakrama samasyA ke sthAyI samAdhAna kA dyotaka hai| unhoMne vyakti parivartana pUrvaka samAja meM ahiMsA pratiSThA kI dRSTi se saikar3oM prekSAdhyAna zivira samAyojita kiye, jisake sakArAtmaka pariNAma Aye haiM / prekSAdhyAna ziviroM ke paoNjiTiva pariNAmoM kA rAja hai svayaM mahAprajJa dvArA saMbhAgiyoM ke lie amUlya samaya kA niyojana / prati zivirArthI kI cetanA ko chUne kA, jhaMkRta karane kA upakrama apane ApameM maulika thA / saMbhAgI ke hRdaya meM AcArya mahAprajJa ke saumya vyavahAra kI apUrva chavi aMkita hotii| isa saMdarbha ke udAharaNoM meM se eka kA uddharaNa prAsaMgika hogaa| aMtarrASTrIya prekSAdhyAna zivira ahamadAbAda meM, zrI pI. ke. trivedI (pUrva AI. e. esa) upasthita hue unake anubhava ke bola haiM - 'yahA~ Ane se pahale maiM AzaMkita thA ki jaina banAne kI bAta hogI yA apane dharma ke mahattva ko bar3hAvA hogaa| para, yahA~ to jIvana jIne ke bAre meM va prAyogika vidhi se svayaM AcArya pravara prayoga karavAteM haiN| ye to bar3I vizeSa bAta hai, itane bar3e AcArya pravara sarala bhAva se sabhI se pUchate haiM, milate haiM kitanI bar3I bAta hai|" aisA anubhava aneka vyaktiyoM kA 1 mahAprajJa ne kevala AdhyAtmika jIvana hI nahIM apanAyA apitu dharma ke kSetra meM palane vAle pAkhaMDa kA bhI khaMDana kiyaa| dharma ko yathArtha ke dharAtala para sAmayika prastuti dii| unakI dRSTi meM dharma ke tIna rUpa haiM - naitikatA, upAsanA aura adhyAtma / tInoM kA khaMDita rUpa dharma kI apUrNatA hai / svayaM ko dhArmika kahane vAloM se unakA AhvAvAna thA - dharma ke kSetra meM calane vAlI rUr3ha dhAraNAoM, mAnyatAoM se pare honA hogaa| rUr3hivAdoM kA saMkalana kiyA jAe to dharma kA sthAna pahalA ho sakatA hai / isalie dhArmika jagat meM rahane vAloM ko cintana karanA hogA ki kevala mAnyatA ke AdhAra para hI dharma ke tattva kA pratipAdana na kreN| pratyakSAnubhUti ke mArga ko bhI prazasta kareM / bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 355

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jJAna aura AcAra kI pratiSThA kA prathama sopAna hai - naitikatA / vyakti apane Apako dhArmika to kahatA hai para naitikatA ko jIne kA prayAsa nahIM karatA / naitikatA zUnya dharma vismaya kA viSaya hai ....... AdamI korA anuyAyI hI na bneN| vaha sahI arthoM meM dhArmika bneN| isase vyakti aura dharma donoM tejasvI baneMge / " kathana meM eka ora vartamAna kI vikRta dhArmika mAnasikatA kA citraNa hai vahIM dUsarI ora dhArmikoM ko AtmanirIkSaNa kA avakAza bhI milA hai| isa maMtavya meM mahAprajJa ke karmakSetrIya kauzala kA anUThA udAharaNa dekhA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM ve apane karttavya evaM dAyitva ke prati pUrNa sajaga rahe haiM / isakA pratibimba zabdoM meM dekhate hai - hameM yadi ahiMsA ke vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karanA hai to do-tIna bAtoM para dhyAna denA hogA pahalI bAta hai - maiM jAtIyatA aura sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA meM vizvAsa nahIM kruuNgaa| merA sampradAya hI acchA hai, dUsare saba kharAba haiM, isa avadhAraNA ne hiMsA ko phailAne meM jar3a kA kArya kiyA hai| dUsarI bAta hai- koI kisI bhI dharma kA Ayojana kare, utsava manAe, maiM usameM hastakSepa nahIM karU~gA / * tIsarI bAta - maiM khaNDanAtmaka nIti kA prayoga nahIM karU~gA / ye saMkalpa hI dharma-sampradAyoM se ahiMsA ke vAtAvaraNa ke nirmANa hetu paryApta haiM / " apane kathana kI puSTi meM mahAprajJa likhAte haiM bhAvI pIr3hI ko hama acchA banAnA cAhateM haiM to ekatA ke saMskAra kA nirmANa kreN| saMpradAya, jAti, varNa Adi ke AdhAra para kisI ko U~ca-nIca na maaneN| ahamadAbAda meM hamArI maujUdagI meM hindU-musalamAnoM ke bIca pulisa adhikAriyoM sAtha jaba zAMti samajhote kI zarta likhI jA rahI thI to usameM eka mukhya dhArA yaha thI ki kisI bhI saMpradAya kA parva, tyauhAra Adi kucha ho to dUsare saMpradAya ke loga usakA sammAna kara sakeM aura usameM bhAga le sakeM to bahuta acchA, kiMtu agara aisA saMbhava na ho pAe to kama se kama usameM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA to na ddaaleN|" prastuta maMtavya iMgita karatA hai ki mahAprajJa sAmAjika dharAtala para kisa kadara bhAIcAre aura pArasparika prema ko prakhara banAne meM prayatnazIla bane rahe haiN| unake prayatna mAnavatA ko ujAgara karane meM mahattvapUrNa sAbita hue hai 1 apane kartavya ke sAtha sAdhanAmaya jIvana ke prati AcArya mahAprajJa pUrNa sajaga the| ThaharAva unheM mAnya nahIM thaa| satat gatizIlatA hI unakA saMkalpa banA / akhaNDa ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA hI unakA lakSya rahA hai| ve kahate - " ahiMsA meM merI AsthA hai, usake prayoga bhI karatA rahatA hU~ / kintu hiMsA ke cira-saMcita saMskAroM ko cIrakara maiM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kara cukA hU~, yaha maiM mAnU~ to merA dambha hogaa| maiM itanA hI mAna sakatA hU~ ki maiM ahiMsA kI dizA meM cala rahA hU~ / kaba taka kahAM pahu~ca pAU~gA ? - yaha prazna kevala vartamAna se hI jur3A hotA to maiM isake uttara kI rekhA khIMca DAlatA kiMtu yaha prazna mere atIta se bhI jur3A hai, isalie ahiMsA kI dizA meM cala rahA hU~, isase Age kahane ke lie mere pAsa kucha bhI nahIM hai / 'maiM jo hU~, vahI rahU~' isa manovRtti meM merI koI AsthA nahIM hai aura isalie nahIM hai ki isase maiM ahiMsA kI paudha ko panapate dekhatA hU~ / ' 'maiM apUrNa hU~ aura pUrNa honA cAhatA hU~ yahI merI ahiMsA kA Adi-biMdu hai / apUrNa pUrNa hogA, jaba jo hai, vaha nahIM rahegA aura jo nahIM hai, vaha hogA / " isa AtmAlocana meM paripUrNa ahiMsA vikAsa kI antaH abhipsA mukhara hai / prANavAna ahiMsA ko zabdoM meM prastuti milI - 'ahiMsA zabda mere lie koI nayA zabda nahIM hai / maiMne kevala ahiMsA kA saMkalpa hI nahIM kiyA, use jIyA hai / ahiMsA 356 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ko vahI jI sakatA hai, jisakA apane Aveza para niyaMtraNa hai| saubhAgya mAnatA hU~ ki mujhe sadA saMtulita rahane kI kalA prApta hai| isalie maiM ahiMsA kA jIvana jIne meM saphala banA huuN|' yaha unake karmakSetra kI prAmANikatA kA utkRTa namUnA hai| vimarzataH donoM hI mahApurUSa apane-apane kAryakSetra meM pUrNa niSThA aura samarpaNa bhAva ke sAtha gatizIla dekhe jAte haiN| ataH unakA kArya kSetra eka dUsare se bhinna hone para bhI karma kauzala meM bheda khojapAnA kaThina hai| racanAtmaka kAryakrama : upadeza-pracAra ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM gAMdhI ne deza ke ujjvala bhaviSya hetu racanAtmaka kAryakrama ko apane hAtha meM liyaa| unakA mAnanA thA-jaba taka deza kI janatA karmazIla evaM suzikSita nahIM hogI taba taka svarAjya kA saMkalpa AkAra nahIM le paayegaa| ciMtana kI kriyAnviti meM svataMtratA AMdolana kA eka mahattvapUrNa hissA racanAtmaka kAryakrama ko bnaayaa| isake upakrama the * aspRzyatA nivAraNa . saMpUrNa madyaniSedha . hindU-muslima ekatA . carakhA, khAdI-grAmodyoga ke rUpa meM sau phIsadI svadezI aura . sAta lAkha gA~voM kA sNgtthn|" sabhI pahaluoM kA gAMdhI ne saTIka citraNa kiyaa| prathama ke saMbaMdha meM ve kahate-achUtoM kI sthiti sudhArane ke lie yaha jarUrI nahIM hai ki unase unake paraMparAgata peze chur3avAye jAye athavA una pezoM ke prati unake mana meM aruci paidA kI jaaye| aisA natIjA paidA karane ke lie kI gaI koziza unakI sevA nahIM, asevA hogii| bunakara bunatA rahe, camAra camar3A kamatA rahe aura bhaMgI pAkhAnA sApha karatA rahe aura taba bhI vaha achUta na samajhA jAya tabhI kaha sakate haiM ki aspRzyatA kA nivAraNa huaa| unhoMne hindU-muslima ekatA para bala diyaa| jaba taka hindU aura musalamAnoM ke bIca saccI ekatA sthApita nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka maiM donoM se kahatA hUM ki isa sAmrAjya (aMgrejI rAja) ko miTAnA asambhava hai| sAta karor3a musalamAna aura taiMtIsa karor3a hindU, ekatA ke sivA kisI aura taraha sAtha nahIM raha skte| hindU aura musalamAnoM meM jabAnI nahIM, dilI ekatA honI caahie| agara aisA ho to hama eka sAla meM svarAjya kI sthApanA kara sakate haiN| isa ekatA kI siddhi ke lie chAtroM se kahA-lar3akoM ko urdU aura devanAgarI donoM lipiyA~ sIkhanI hoNgii| ApakA aisA karanA svarAjya aura hindU-muslima-ekatA, donoM kI dRSTi se acchA hogaa| AjAdI kI pRSThabhUmi meM rASTrIya jIvana ke lie hindU-muslima-ekatA khAne-pIne aura sone ke samAna hI Avazyaka cIja hai|" isa ekatA ke jariye ve pUre bhArata kI ekAtmakatA sAdhanA cAhate the| racanAtmaka kAryakrama ke dvArA gAMdhI deza kI Antarika sthiti sudhArane meM juTa gye| samasyA ke mUla ko pkdd'aa| berojagArI evaM bekArI nirAkaraNa hetu unhoMne carakhA, khAdI evaM grAmodyoga para bala diyaa| unakA kahanA thA-bar3e-bar3e zahara mAtra hI sArA bhArata nahIM hai, bhArata to apane sAr3he sAta lAkha gA~voM meM nivAsa karatA hai aura zahara una gAMvoM para apanI jindagI basara karate haiN| ataH gA~voM kA utthAna anivArya hai| vastutaH gAMdhI racanAtmaka kAryakrama ko ahiMsA ke pracAra kA AdhAra mAnate the| AcArya mahAprajJa Ama janatA ke AdhyAtmika evaM naitika utthAna heta tAumra prayatnazIla rhe| para isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve sAmAjika evaM yugIna samasyAoM se sarokAra nahIM rkhte| unake upadeza mAnava ko naI dizA dene vAle aura vyavahArika jIvana se jur3e hue the| sAmAjika pariveza bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 357

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ko dUSita karane vAlI tathA svastha manovRtti kA citraNa eka sAtha kiyA haiM-jo dUsaroM ko parAdhIna . rakhanA cAhate haiM, hIna banAye rakhanA cAhate haiM, jAtigata bhedabhAva rakhate haiM; chuAchUta, U~ca-nIca aura kAle-gore ke pacar3e meM phaMse hue haiM, ye abhaya nahIM haiM; zAnta nahIM haiN| jinakI bhoga-lipsA bar3hI huI hai, jo parigraha ke putale aura zoSaNa ke puMja bane hue haiM zAMti unake lie praznacihna banI huI hai? zAMtipUrNa jIvana vahI bitA sakatA hai, jo burAiyoM se dUra hai| burAI se dUra vahI raha sakatA hai, jisameM pratirodhAtmaka zakti yA sva-niyantraNa kA paryApta vikAsa hai| vaiyaktika zAMti ke sAtha samatApUrNa samAja vyavasthA kA nidarzana hai| isase unakI sAmAjika soca kA spaSTa anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ve apane AdhyAtmika prayatnoM ke dvArA svastha-samAja ko AkAra dene meM prayatnazIla rhe| jisa samAja meM rahate haiM usake prati ve apane naitika dAyitva kA vahana bakhUbI karate rahe haiN| samaya-samaya para sAmAjika pariveza meM Ane vAle avarodha ko gatizIlatA pradAna krte| unake zabdoM meM sAmadAyikatA kI bhamikA ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| sahAnabhati. sevA, sahayoga, sApekSatA ke binA kisI bhI prANI kA jIvana nahIM cala sakatA isalie hameM sAmudAyikatA kA vikAsa karanA hai| vartamAna samAja vyApI viSamatAoM ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa kA abhimata rahA hai ki artha ke prati ati AkarSaNa ke kAraNa aneka samasyAe~ paidA ho rahI haiN| berojagArI, bhUkhamarI ke kAraNa hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai| kacha vyakti artha ke prati itane lolapa ho gae. savidhA ke prati itane lolapa ho gae ki saba kucha bhoganA cAhate haiN| vaiyaktika saMgraha kI manovRtti ne artha ke viSaya meM anarthakArI samasyAeM paidA kara dI hai|.....jb taka dharma ke loga rAjanIti ke loga, samAja ke pramukha loga aura sattA para baiThe loga saba milakara ciMtana nahIM kareMge taba taka samasyA kA samAdhAna koI akelA nahIM kara sktaa| yaha prazna kevala vyakti kA nahIM, samAja kA nahIM, pUre rASTra kA hai| isalie isa viSaya meM, naitikatA ke viSaya meM saba logoM ko ciMtana karanA cAhie aura nirNaya karanA cAhie ki hama kaise samAja ko isa abhizApa se mukta kara skeN| isa samasyA ke upacAra hetu unhoMne mAnava ke caritra bala para prakAza DAlA aura kahA jaba caritra bala bar3hatA hai taba AdamI kevala vyaktigata saMgraha para hI nahIM, mUrchA para bhI niyantraNa pAne kA prayatna karatA hai ataH ahiMsA kA vikAsa aura amUrchA kA vikAsa ye do mahAna guNa haiN|....jis vyakti yA samAja meM inakA yatheSTa vikAsa hotA hai, vahI caritravAn kahalAne kA aucitya pAtA hai| unhoMne isakI pratiSThA meM aNuvrata ke niyamoM kA manana upayogI btlaayaa| sAmAjika samarasatA ke lie AcArya mahAprajJa ne samagra vyaktitva vikAsa ko mahattvapUrNa btlaayaa| sukha aura zAMti ke lie dRSTikoNa ke parivartana para bala diyA-AdhyAtmika vyakti kA dRSTikoNa vaijJAnika baneM aura vaijJAnika vyakti kA dRSTikoNa AdhyAtmika bneN| vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa ke binA samasyA ke samAdhAna ke niyamoM ko nahIM khojA jA sktaa| AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa ke binA ahiMsA, karuNA aura maitrI kA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vartamAna kI pramakha samasyAe~-bhakhamarI aura garIbI, bhraSTAcAra, vikAsa kI asaMtulita avadhAraNA, naitikatA se zUnya arthazAstrIya avadhAraNA aura samasyA ke prati gaMbhIra ciMtana ke prati ve apanA maulika AdhyAtmika viz2ana rakhate the| vibhinna samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke ataMrgata unhoMne Arthika svAsthya hetu Avazyaka batalAyA hai . visarjana kI manovRtti kA prshikssnn| 358 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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asaMgraha kA prshikssnn| vikendrita artha-vyavasthA kA prshikssnn| * arthazAstra aura vishvshaaNti| . arthazAstra aura svastha smaaj| . arthazAstra meM prAmANikatA kA prshikssnn| * saMvibhAga kI manovRtti kA prshikssnn| . upabhoga kI asIma lAlasA ke niyamana evaM upabhoga ke sImAkaraNa kA prshikssnn| mahilA jagat kI asmitA se jur3e daheja kA yakSa prazna mahAprajJa kI ahiMsaka soca se achUtA nahIM rhaa| unakI dRSTi meM daheja kI samasyA kA ilAja hai-karuNA kA vikAsa, mAnavIya dRSTikoNa aura saMvedanazIlatA ke sUtra kI anubhuuti| suvidhAvAdI aura pradarzana ke dRSTikoNa ne karuNA kA srota sukhA diyA hai| use phira se pravAhita karane ke lie eka abhiyAna kI apekSA hai, eka AMdolana kI jarUrata hai| lobha aura suvidhAvAda kI manovRtti vyakti ko kaThora banA detI hai| usa kaThoratA ke tApa se saMvedanA kA rasa sUkha jAtA hai| padArtha aura manuSya-ina donoM meM manuSya kA adhika mahattva hai| isa saccAI ko ujAgara karanA Avazyaka hai daheja kI samasyA se ubarane ke lie| isa kArya ke lie eka nayI vyavasthA para dhyAna kendrita ho * daheja ke lie ThaharAva na krnaa| . daheja kA pradarzana na krnaa| ina upAyoM para sAmUhika carcA aura sAmUhika ciMtana honA caahie| daheja prathA ke saMdarbha meM mahAprajJa kA Akalana thA ki kabhI-kabhI aisA lagatA hai-vivAha dhana ke sAtha ho rahA hai, kanyA ke sAtha nahIM ho rahA hai|....dhej kI samasyA se nipaTane ke lie unake abhimata meM-aNuvrata samiti ke antargata eka vivAha-kakSa kA niyojana jarUrI hai| usa kakSa kA kAma hogA-janatA se saMparka karanA, aNuvrata ke saMkalpoM ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAnA aura vivAha ko daheja ke dAnava se mukta krnaa| isake sAtha hI ve mahilAoM kI AtmanirbharatA aura kSamatAoM ke jAgaraNa para bala dete the| adhyAtma ke Aloka meM samasyAoM kA samAdhAna unakI prazasta zailI kA sabUta hai| manuSya kI mUla pravRttiyA~-krodha, abhimAna, kapaTa, lobha, bhaya, zoka, ghRNA, kAma-vAsanA, kalaha-inase utpanna hone vAle doSoM kA niyaMtraNa yA zodhana AdhyAtmikatA se hI ho sakatA hai, isalie samAja meM usakA astitva anivArya hai| isa maMtavya kI puSTi meM unakA spaSTa abhimata rahA hai ki AdhyAtmikatA se bhale hI samAja kA rUpa-parivartana na huA ho, kiMtu usase satya ke prati AsthA kI sRSTi huI hai| caritra aura naitikatA ke prati jo AsthA hai, vaha AdhyAtmikatA kA hI pratiphala hai| AdhyAtmikatA kA aMkana saMkhyA se mata krie| usakA aMkana guNa-mAtrA se krie| yaha dekhie ve loga kaise haiM, jinameM AdhyAtmika vikAsa huA hai| jina vicAradhArAoM ne manuSya ko bhautika ikAiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, ve saba kAlpanika aura sAmayika haiN| AdhyAtmikatA kA pratibimba mAnavIya vibhakti nahIM kiMtu ekatA hai| usake anusAra bhaugolika, jAtIya, sAMpradAyika, bhASAyI-ye bheda asvAbhAvika haiM, ekatA svAbhAvika hai/AdhyAtmika vyavahAra kI svIkRti ke mukhya aMga haiM bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 359

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. mAnavIya ekatA meM vishvaas| . mAnavIya svataMtratA meM vishvaas| vizva-zAMti evaM vizva-maitrI meM vishvaas| . saha-astitva meM vizvAsa . satya meM vizvAsa . prAmANikatA meM vizvAsa . nizchala-vyavahAra meM vizvAsa pavitratA meM vizvAsa . saMgraha kI sImA meM vizvAsa ye vizvAsa dharma ke mUlabhUta siddhAMtoM meM AsthA ko prakaTa karate hai| prathama cAra ahiMsA aNuvrata ke phalita haiN| pA~cavAM satya, chaThA-sAtavAM acaurya, AThavAM brahmacarya aura navAM aparigraha kA phalita hai| vyavahAra meM adhyAtma kA pratipAlana jIvana kI mahAn saphalatA hai| isase vyakti aura samAja donoM lAbhAnvita hote haiN| isakA AdhArabhUta naitika AMdolana 'aNuvrata-AMdolana' hai| isake dvArA samAja, rASTra kA caritra unnata banatA hai| unnata cAritra deza kI akhaMDatA-surakSA kA AdhAra hai| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-caritra aura dezabhakti ina donoM kA paraspara gaharA saMbaMdha hai| deza kI surakSA karane vAle bhI naitikatA aura caritra ke abhAva meM aisA kArya kara dete haiM ki deza kI surakSA bhI dhuMdhalAne lagatI hai| vyApaka paimAne para ve naitika-cAritrika utthAna para bala dete evaM isake vyavahArika svarUpa kI nirmiti ke lie 'aNavratagrAma' ahiMsaka grAma kI yojanA ko mUrta banAne meM apanI zakti kA niyojana bhI karate rhe| dANDI mArca : ahiMsA yAtrA eka vyUha ahiMsA ke prasAra kA eka sazakta prayoga hai-yaatraa| gAMdhI kI dANDI yAtrA aura mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA yAtrA bhinna sthitiyoM meM saMpAdita itihAsa kA svarNima dastAveja hai| yAtrA kI dRSTi se donoM hI pada yAtrAe~ haiM para uddezya kI dRSTi se sarvathA bhinna hai| gAMdhI kI dANDI yAtrA jahA~ AjAdI ke satyAgraha AMdolana ke tahata namaka kAnUna ko tor3ane ke nimitta saMpAdita huI, mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA yAtrA vartamAna ke pariprekSya meM sadbhAvanA aura bhAIcAre kI pratiSThA ke sAtha ahiMsA kI zakti ko vyAvahArika banAne ke lie saMpAdita huii| eka kA uddezya svarAjya thA jabaki dUsare kA uddezya svataMtra deza ke naitika patana ko roka kara naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa aura baDhatI hiMsA ke sthAna para ahiMsA ke prati AsthA ko punaH jgaanaa| saMjJAna hetu unakA vimarza jarUrI hai| 12 mArca 1930 kI subaha itihAsa prasiddha dANDI yAtrA zurU huii| gAMdhI ke sAtha Azrama ke ikahattara sAthI the| vaha kUca kevala dANDI taka ke lie nahIM thA, vaha to pUrNa AjAdI ke lie thaa| gAMdhI ke netRtva meM kAfile kA paidala pravAsa eka mahAn rASTrIya yAtrA thii| hara AdamI kI javAna para 'namaka' kA nAma thaa| ahiMsA isa yAtrA kA prANa thii| ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM unhoMne logoM ko samajhAyA ki sarakAra sArI niSThuratA kA upayoga kregii| vaha hameM kucala denA cAhegI, lekina ahiMsA aura vinaya kA mArga hameM nahIM chor3anA hai| bhale hI sira para DaNDe baraseM, ghAyala ho jAe~ aura mara bhI jAnA par3e to vaha Ahuti hai, usake lie mana meM duHkha nahIM honA caahie| unhoMne netAoM ke giraphtAra ho jAne para bhI AMdolana jArI rakhane ke gura btlaaye| sArA kAryakrama isa taraha banAyA gayA thA ki namaka-kAnUna ko tor3ane meM huI giraphtAriyoM se AMdolana kisI bhI sthiti meM ruke nhiiN| dANDI mArca se pUrva gAMdhI ne lArDa irvina ko eka patra bhejA jisameM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA-svAdhInatA kA Andolana mUlataH garIba se garIba kI bhalAI ke lie hai| isalie isa lar3AI kI zuruAta bhI isa anyAya ke virodha se hogii| Azcarya to isa bAta para hai ki itane lambe samaya 360 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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se namaka ke isa nirdaya ekAdhikAra ko sahana karate rhe| maiM jAnatA hU~ ki Apa mujhe giraphtAra karake mere prayatna ko viphala kara sakate haiN| usa dazA meM mujhe AzA hai ki mere pIche hajAroM AdamI niyamita rUpa se yaha kAma samhAlane ko taiyAra hoNge| namaka ke ghRNita kAnUna ko tor3ane ke kAraNa jo sajAe~ dI jAyeMgI, unheM ve khuzI-khuzI bardAsta kreNge| patra kI paMktiyA~ gAMdhI ke asIma Atmabala ko prakaTa karatI hai jo unheM ahiMsA kI sAdhanA se prApta thaa| dANDI kUca ke bIca unhoMne yaha ghoSaNA kI-'AjAdI nahIM milI to rAste meM mara jAU~gA yA Azrama ke bAhara rhuuNgaa| namaka kara na uThA sakA to Azrama lauTane kA bhI koI irAdA nahIM hai|' unake saMkalpa ne bhAratIya jana-mAnasa ko AMdolita kiyaa| dANDIyAtrA ke daurAna ve jahA~ pahu~cate, vahA~ hajAroM loga ekatra hote| bApU ke vicAroM se avagata hote| ve yAtrA kA bharapUra Atithya krte| Atithya grahaNa meM bhI gAMdhI bar3e sajaga rhte| barabAdI unheM asahya thii| garamI ke dina the| tarabUjoM aura kharabUjoM kA mausama thaa| eka par3Ava para loga gAr3iyoM meM bhara-bharakara tarabUja aura kharabUje laaye| ve itane the ki khAye nahIM jA sakate the| phala vahA~ barabAda ho rahe the| koI AdhA hI khAkara pheMka detaa| mahAtmA ne vaha dRzya dekhaa| apane bhASaNa meM pratikAra kI bhASA meM bola uThe-'Apa logoM ne merA sira nIcA kara diyaa| deza meM eka tarapha bhUkhamarI hai, AdhA peTa khAkara jIne vAle loga haiM aura yahA~ merI svAtantrya yAtrA meM isa taraha kI barabAdI hotI hai| apanI vedanA maiM kaise vyakta karU~? phira se aisA pApa nahIM krnaa| 26 gAMdhI ke ye hita zikSAmRta vacana sunakara yAtrI sajaga bana gye| ___24 dina ke bAda gAMdhI dANDI phuNce| samudra taTapara unhoMne namaka-kAnUna tor3A aura kahA-'namakakAnUna tor3A jA cukA hai| aba jo koI sajA bhugatane ko taiyAra ho vaha jahA~ cAhe aura jaba suvidhA dekhe namaka banA sakatA hai|' isa AhvAna ke sAtha jagaha-jagaha sabhAe~ huii| pUnA, karAcI, madrAsa, solApura, kalakattA, dillI hara jagaha loga agalI kAryavAhI ke lie adhIra ho rahe the| gAMdhI ne ghoSaNA kI aba dhArAsanA kA namaka-bhaNDAra lUTA jaayegaa| vAisarAya ko patra se sUcita kiyA-yA to ve namaka kara uThA leM yA satyAgrahiyoM kI giraphtArI kareM yA mana cAhA guNDApana dikhaayeN| uttara meM pA~ca apraila ko gAMdhI ko giraphtAra karake yaravadA jela bheja diyA gyaa| jAte hue ve likhavA cuke the-'yadi ise zubhArambha mAna liyA jAye, to pUrNa svarAjya mile binA nahIM rhegaa| muTThI TUTa jAye, lekina khulanI nahIM caahie|' isa dRr3ha pratijJa saMdeza ne satyAgrahiyoM ke bhItara adbhuta cetanA kA saMcAra kiyaa| AMdolana ke tahat logoM ne haMsate-haMsate yAtanAe~ jhelii| hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM loga jeloM meM lUMsa diye gye| yAtanA aura anuzAsana ke dRzya ko citrita karate hue| 'nyUphrImaina' ke saMvAdadAtA ne likhA 'dhArAsanA jaise pIr3AdAyaka dRzya meM mere dekhane meM nahIM aaye| kabhI-kabhI to ye itane daHkhada ho jAte ki kSaNa-bhara ko A~kheM bhara lenI par3atI thii| svayaMsevakoM kA anuzAsana adbhuta thaa| lagatA thA ki ina logoM ne gAMdhIjI kI ahiMsA ko dholakara pI liyaa|27 yaha atiraMjanA nahIM, A~khoM dekhe satya kA nidarzana hai. jisameM gAMdhI kI jIvaMta ahiMsA kA darzana hai| dANDI yAtrA ke sakArAtmaka pariNAma nikle| sarakAra ke sAtha saMgharSa meM hindustAna kI jIta huii| vAyasarAya ne gAMdhI se samajhautA kiyaa| saMsAra meM hindustAna kI pratiSThA bddh'ii| namaka ke lie dANDI yAtrA ahiMsA kI zakti ke parIkSaNa kA eka abhinava prayoga thaa| yaha eka naitika Andolana thA jisake dvArA zAsana ko khulI cunautI dI gayI thii| namaka-kAnUna tor3ane kA eka mAtra uddezya thA sarakAra kI zoSaNamayI nIti kA anta karanA/sAtha hI pUrNa AjAdI ke lie eka acchI zuruAta krnaa| bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 361

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'AdhyAtmika dRSTi se zAMti sthApita karanA aura bhautika dRSTi se zAMti kI pratiSThApanA meM rAta-dina kA aMtara hai|' isa aMtara kI aMtahIna dUrI ko pATane kA sArthaka upakrama hai ahiMsA yaatraa| karUNA ke paryAya bhArata jyoti AcArya mahAprajJa ne jIvana ke naveMdazaka meM kaThora yAtrApatha kA anuzIlana kara eka bAra punaH gAMdhI kI 'DAMDI-mArca' ko jIvaMta bnaayaa| lakSya kI bhinnatA ke bAvajUda ahiMsA yAtrA ne jana jAgRti kI lahara paidA kI vaha sAmayika paristhitiyoM meM mahattvapUrNa hai| isa yAtrA ne na kevala prabuddha athavA saMpanna logoM ko prabhAvita kiyA apitu anapar3ha-ga~vAra evaM abhAva kI jiMgadI jIne vAloM meM bhI preraNA aura protsAhana bharakara jIne kA abhinava artha pradAna kiyA hai| gAMdhI kI DAMDI mArca kI pRSThabhUmi thI anaitika kAnUnoM kA anta krnaa| loka maharSi AcArya mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA yAtrA kI pRSThabhUmi baneM aNuvrata anuzAstA AcArya tulasI ke amogha vacana 'aNuvrata kI padayAtrA se rASTra vyApI pRSThabhUmi kA nirmANa huA hai| aba yadi punaH padayAtrA ho to usake sakArAtmaka pariNAma aayeNge|' tAtkAlIna nimitta banA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 2600 vIM janmajayaMtI ke upalakSa meM bhArata sarakAra dvArA ghoSita 'ahiNsaa-vrss'| mahAprajJa ne anubhava kiyA ghoSaNA ke anurUpa kArya nahIM ho rahA hai| maMthana pUrvaka mahAprajJa ne 5 disambara 2001 ko rAjasthAna ke cUrU jile ke sujAnagar3ha kasbe se trivarSIya 'ahiMsA yAtrA' kA ghoSaNA pUrvaka zubhAraMbha kiyaa| isakI kAlAvadhi jana mAnasa bhAvanAe~ aura niSpattiyoM ko dekhate hae janatA ke Agraha para baDhAkara 2008 taka kI gii| isakA kula yAtrA pathaH 9313.5 ki.mI. hai| donoM mahApurUSoM kI (yuvAcArya mahAzramaNa) 11 hajAra 433 ki. mI. ahiMsA yAtrA rhii| sapta varSIya ahiMsA yAtrA kA maMcanakara adhizAstA ne deza kI janatA ko zAMti kA saMdeza diyaa| ___ ahiMsA yAtrA kI saphalatA kA rAja hai isake virAT uddezya kI smaayojnaa| hiMsA ke bar3hate dAvAnala ko ahiMsA ke amRta jala se zAMta krnaa| bhAratIya saMskRti ke divya stUpa prema, sauhArda, bhAIcAre ke parasparatA mUlaka mUlyoM ko sthApita krnaa| ahiMsAtmaka zaktiyoM ko saMgaThita kara hiMsA kI AsthA ko dhUmila krnaa| jana-jana meM ahiMsaka cetanA kA jAgaraNa aura naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa isa yAtrA kA mukhya lakSya thaa| nakArAtmaka bhAva hiMsA ke janaka haiM ataH nakArAtmaka bhAvoM ko sakArAtmaka bnaanaa| prayoga aura prazikSaNa ke dvArA AdhyAtmika vaijJAnika vyaktitva kA nirmANa krnaa| bahuuddeziya ahiMsA yAtrA kA eka uddezya yaha bhI thA-'janatA ko ahiMsA kA svara bhI sunAI detA rhe|' hajAroMhajAroM aise yuvaka haiM, jo ahiMsA kA nAma bhI nahIM jaante| ve kevala golI aura bama kI bhASA ko samajhate haiM aura usI vAtAvaraNa meM sA~sa lete haiN| aise vyaktiyoM se bhI saMparka saadhnaa| isa abhiyAna meM vizeSarUpa se pUrvAMcala ke sImAMtavAsI ugravAdI yuvakoM se bAtacIta pUrvaka vizvAsa meM lekara unheM ahiMsA kA siddhAMta samajhAyA gyaa| unhoMne sAzcarya kahA 'yaha ahiMsA kI bAta hamane sunI hI nhiiN| yaha bAta hameM bahuta acchI laga rahI hai isake bAre meM hameM abhI taka kisI ne batAyA hI nhiiN| aise hI lAkhoM logoM ko ahiMsA kA saMdeza pahuMcAnA isa yAtrA kA Azaya rahA hai| uddezya ahiMsA yAtrA ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA-ahiMsaka cetanA kA jAgaraNa aura naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa isa yAtrA kA lakSya hai| jaba loga jAgRta hoMge taba ve hara ghaTanA ko sakArAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekheNge| nakArAtmaka bhAva se hiMsA kA vAtAvaraNa paidA hotA hai| ahiMsA yAtrA kA eka 362 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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uddezya hai nakArAtmaka bhAvoM ko sakArAtmaka bnaanaa| garIbI, zoSaNa, anyAya, aparAdha aura paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ina sabhI praznoM kA kevala AdhyAtmika prazikSaNa se nivAraNa nahIM ho sakatA aura ina praznoM kA hala samAja vyavasthA ke parivartana se bhI nahIM ho sakatA / inake nivAraNa kA upAya hai ahiMsaka cetanA kA jAgaraNa / hiMsA vRddhi ko rokane, naitika mUlyoM ke vikAsa evaM janajAgaraNa jaise vyAvahArika lakSyoM ke AdhAra para isa yAtrA kI pariyojanA taiyAra kI gii| 29 pariyojanA mAtra se isake vyApaka uddezyoM ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| kAryoM kI zrRMkhalA meM mahattvapUrNa kArya thA Ama janatA se sIdhA saMparka sAdhakara unakI samasyAoM kA ucita samAdhAna karanA / ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna zAstA ne aupacArikatA se uparata rahakara hiMsA ke mUla kAraNoM ko khojA aura usa para prakAza ddaalaa| abhAva ko hiMsA kA bar3A kAraNa btaayaa| unhoMne kahA- roTI ke binA vyakti kA jIvana bhArabhUta bana jAtA hai| yAtrA meM gA~voM, nagaroM meM nikaTatA se yaha anubhava kiyA- agara hiMsA ko kama karanA hai, aparAdhoM ko kama karanA hai, lUTa-khasoTa, corI-DakaitI ko kama karanA hai to usakA eka rAstA hai - samAja vyavasthA kA parivartana / svastha samAja vyavasthA kA pravartana / svastha samAja vyavasthA vaha hai, jisameM AMtarika parivartana aura bAharI parivartana kA saMtulana ho / kore bAhya parivartana se sudhAra nahIM hogA, bhItarI parivartana ke binA bhI rUpAMtaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| donoM kA samanvaya jarUrI hai / samanvaya sthApana kI dRSTi se ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna vizeSa prayatna kiye gye| gA~voM meM garIbI, zoSaNa, anyAya, azikSA, nazA, aparAdha aura paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa - ina samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie ahiMsA kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa aura AjIvikA kI vividhA kA prazikSaNa ahiMsA yAtrA kA pramukha kArya bana gyaa| yAtrA meM zikSA, nazAmukti, saMtulita AhAra, svacchatA, svAsthya, mahilA zikSA, paryAvaraNa cetanA, aMdhavizvAsa, kurUr3hiyoM ke unmUlana, aspRzyatA nivAraNa, AjIvikA zuddhi Adi kA prAyogika prazikSaNa ke sAtha jana-jana kI zikSA para jora diyA gayA / ahiMsA grAma nirmANa, Adarza jilA nirmANa Adi ke lie vicAra vimarza pUrvaka kAyA kalpa ke saMkalpa kI kriyAnviti kI gii| manuSya meM apAra zakti hai - ' zakti ko pahacAno, jIvana sudhAro, gA~va ko Adarza banAo' yaha udghoSa banAyA gayA / 30 ina racanAtmaka kAryoM ko lekara calane vAlI ahiMsA yAtrA kI niSpattiyA~ una gA~voM, kasboM, nagaroM meM dekhI gayI jahA~ se yaha kAravA~ gujraa| prANavAna upakrama ahiMsA yAtrA meM prazikSaNa ke kArya para vizeSa bala diyA gayA aisA mahAprajJa ke zabdoM se parilakSita hotA-prazikSaNa bahuta jarUrI hai / hamane jaba ahiMsA kI yAtrA zurU kI to yAtrA ke sAtha-sAtha adhyayana zurU kiyA / ahiMsA yAtrA ke kAryakartAoM ne pAnI, bijalI, rojagAra-dhaMdhA, zikSA, ApasI sauhArda Adi kI tAlikA banAI / jahA~ bhI jAte usake AdhAra para gA~va kA sarvekSaNa hotA / usa kSetra kI sthiti kA Akalana karate / nirdhArita biMduoM ke AdhAra para gA~va kI samasyAoM aura apekSAoM kI sUcI rAjya zAsana taka bhI pahu~ca jAtI / " isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki prazikSaNa ke kArya ko kisa niSThA ke sAtha saMpAdita kiyA gayA / vibhinna kSetroM meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa ko vyApaka saMdarbhoM meM dekhA aura calAyA jA rahA hai| bhrUNahatyA, nazAmukti aura dUsare abhiyAna bhI isI pariprekSya meM haiN| isase saMbaMdhita acchA aura racanAtmaka kAma dekhanA ho to sUrata meM jAkara dekheM vahA~ jaina hI nahIM, dUsarI kaumoM ke paTela Adi loga ahiMsA prazikSaNa bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 363

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aura rojagAramUlaka pravRtiyoM se bahuta sakriyatA ke sAtha jur3a rahe haiN|.....log ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke kArya ko vartamAna kI samasyA kA sabase bar3A samAdhAna mAna rahe haiN| deza ke hI nahIM, videza ke loga Ae, abhI amerikA, rUsa aura jarmana ke loga aae| sabane hamAre prayatnoM kI sarAhanA kii| ahiMsA yAtrA kI anugUMja sAta samaMdara pAra phuNcii| ahiMsA yAtrA ke caraNa gujarAta kI usa dharA para Tike jahA~ godharA kANDa kI hiMsAtmaka dardanAka ghaTanA kI trAsadI ne logoM ke diloM meM napharata paidA kara dii| sAMpradAyika vaimanasya ko sadbhAvanA kA bodha pATha paDhAne svayaM mahAprajJa rathayAtrA meM zAmila he| rathayAtrA ke 12 varSa ke itihAsa meM yaha pahalA avasara thA jaba koI jaina muni usa yAtrA meM zAmila hue| isa yAtrA saMbaMdhI mahAprajJa kA anubhava rahA-agara hamArI sadbhAvanA ho, hamArA prayatna ho to kaThina se kaThina paristhiti meM, tanAva ke vAtAvaraNa meM bhI zAMti kI lau jalAI jA sakatI hai| rathayAtrA nikalane se pahale muslima bhAiyoM dvArA hI yaha sacanA milI ki aise kacha arAjaka tattva rathayAtrA meM vighna DAlane kI parI taiyArI kara cake haiN| daMge meM prayukta hone vAlA sAmAna juTAyA jA rahA hai| kiMtu Apako yaha jAnakara Azcarya hogA ki svayaM musalamAnoM ne hI pulisa ko yaha sUcanA dekara pahale hI pulisa prazAsana ko sAvadhAna kara diyaa| jisase ve loga apanI yojanA ko kAryarUpa meM pariNata nahIM kara ske| isase pUrva hindU-muslima ekatA ke paigAma se bhAvita ahiMsA yAtrA ke nAyaka AcArya mahAprajJa ke caraNa khvAjA sAhaba kI daragAha ajamera meM Tike aura sabhI ko mAnavatA kA saMdeza diyaa| ahiMsA kA siMhanAda karate hue ahiMsA yAtrA mumbaI bhiMvaDI ke usa ilAke meM pahuMcI jahA~ muslima bahula nAgarikoM kA nivAsa hai| vahA~ ke pramukha nAgarikoM ne AcArya mahAprajJa ko kurAna zarIpha bheMTa kI aura tahedila se svAgata kiyaa| bhAIcAre-sadbhAvanA-sauhArda kA adbhuta najArA ahiMsA yAtrA ne nirmita kiyaa| isakA eka prasaMga udAharaNartha prastuta hai-mahArASTra ke ThANe nagara meM gRha rAjyamaMtrI vijaya darDA aae| unhoMne kahA-'AcAryazrI! Aja maiMne eka nayA dRzya dekhaa|' kaisA dRzya-'ApakI sabhAoM aura yAtrAoM meM musalamAna bhI Ate hai| maiMne yaha bAta dUsaroM ke sAtha bahuta kama dekhI hai| yaha samudAya patA nahIM kyoM jaldI se dUsaroM ke sAtha ghulamila nahIM paataa|' maiMne (mahAprajJa) kahA-'Apane kevala eka jagaha dekhaa| hakIkata yaha hai ki yahA~ to bahuta kama muslima bhAI Ae haiM, inakI upasthiti dUsare sthAnoM para bahuta jyAdA rahI hai| isa kathana kI pRSThabhUmi meM mahAprajJa kA anabhava bola rahA thaa| maMbaI yAtrA ke daurAna bhiMDI bAjAra jaise kSetroM meM gaye to ahiMsA yAtrA ke nAyaka kI agavANI meM cAra-pA~ca sau musalamAna bhAI hAthoM meM ahiMsA dhvaja evaM zAMti ke nAroM vAle bainara thAmeM cala rahe the, svAgata dvAra para amana aura dostI kA paigAma thaa| aise aneka prasaMgo kI bhAvabhUmi hai AcArya mahAprajJa ke AbhAmaMDala se nikalane vAlI pavitra razmiyA~ / ina razmiyoM meM hara dila ko chUne kI zakti thI cUMki ve AtmA, naitikatA aura mAnavatA ke rasada se saMcAlita . ahiMsA yAtrA kA kAravA~ rAjasthAna, gujarAta evaM mahArASTra ke mumbaI nagarI taka phuNcaa| aneka gaNamAnya vyakti-bhArata ke prathama nAgarika rASTrapati DaoN. e.pI.je. abdula kalAma se lekara jhoMpar3apaTTI meM baserA karane vAle loga bhI mahAprajJa ke saMparka meM aaye| mahAprajJa ne jIvanagata samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ahiMsA meM btlaayaa| unake saMparka meM aise vyakti bhI Aye, jinakI AsthA hiMsA meM thii| unheM AgAha kiyA ki ahiMsA hI aisA rAstA hai jo pratikriyA se mukta hai| hiMsA pratikriyA paidA karatI hai aura 364 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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eka naI samasyA phira khar3I ho jAtI hai| mahAprajJa ne vizeSa rUpa se batalAyA ki hiMsA kisI samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hai| isase kisI kA bhI bhalA nahIM hotaa| mAnavIya cetanA ko jhaMkRta karane vAle saMdeza ne ahamadAbAda ke (gujarAta) nivAsI hindU-muslima logoM ke diloM meM bhAIcAre aura prema ke sumana khilaaye| dAMDI-yAtrA eka bAra phira jIvaMta usa samaya banI jaba AcArya mahAprajJa ahiMsAyAtrA ke daurAna asalAlI gA~va ke 'gAMdhI hAla' meM prekSA vizva bhAratI ahamadAbAda maNinagara se prasthAna kara pdhaare| cU~ki sAbaramatI Azrama se prasthAna kara dAMDI yAtrA kA prathama par3Ava vahIM huA thaa| sthAna vizeSa meM taraMgita vicAroM ko ukerate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ke lie jo kiyA thA, vaha vilakSaNa thaa| phira bhI loga kahate haiM ki usa kA kyA huA, jo gAMdhI ne kiyA thA? manuSya kA svabhAva hai vismRti| vaha bhUla jAtA hai| yadi vismRti nahIM hotI aura mahAtmA gAMdhI ke kArya ko nirantara Age bar3hAyA jAtA to zAyada duniyA meM eka camatkAra ho jAtA, hiMsA kI bAr3ha ruka jaatii| kintu kaThinAI hai ki AdamI bhUla jAtA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI the, taba taka eka dRzya dikhAI de rahA thaa| unake AbhAmaMDala ne AkRSTa kiyA thaa| janatA unake pIche-pIche ghUma rahI thii| unake cale jAne ke bAda sthiti meM parivartana A gyaa| tyAga, tapasyA, saMyama kI bAta gauNa ho gyii| sattA kA AkarSaNa ziromaNi bana gayA aura lagA ki mahAtmA gAMdhI bhulAye jA rahe haiN|....aaj bhI maiM anubhava karatA hU~ ki mahAtmA gAMdhI ne jo ahiMsAtmaka pratikAra kA sUtra diyA thA, mahAtmA gAMdhI ne jo savinaya avajJA Andolana kA sUtra diyA thA, mahAtmA gAMdhI ne jo TrasTIzipa kA sUtra diyA thA yadi una sUtroM kI nirantaratA rahatI to Aja samAja badalatA huA dikhAI detaa| yaha mahAprajJa ke udAtta ciMtana kA sabUta hai| ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna anuzAstA ke vicAroM meM ekAeka parivartana-sA ghaTita huaa| abhinava ciMtana kI sphuraNA huii| unhoMne batalAyA ahiMsA yAtrA meM kramazaH anubhava karate-karate hameM lagA ki jaba taka hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI khoja nahIM kI jAtI, hiMsA ko rokA nahIM jA sktaa| hamaneM hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI khoja kI logoM ne ise ahiMsA yAtrA kahA to maiMne (mahAprajJa) kahA-'nahIM, maiM to hiMsA kI yAtrA kara rahA huuN| maiM to hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI khoja meM nikalA huuN| isa khoja se jo niSkarSa nikale, usase merI dhAraNA banI kI AdamI ko badalA jA sakatA hai| jaba taka bhUkha kI samasyA rahegI, taba taka hiMsA kI bAr3ha ko rokA nahIM jA sktaa| bhUkhA AdamI socane-samajhane kI zakti kho detA hai| bhUkhe vyakti se to bhajana bhI nahIM hotaa| apane Azaya ko spaSTa karata hue unhoMne batAyA-garIbI aura roTI kA abhAva bhI AdamI ko hiMsA ke lie prerita karatA hai| naksalavAda isI garIbI aura zoSaNa kI Aga se nikalI huI ciMgArI hai jo Aja kaI rAjyoM ko apanI lapeTa meM le rahI hai| hiMsA kI isa samasyA kA agara daMDa, bhaya aura zaktibala se rokane kA prayatna kareMge to isase baDI bhala aura koI nahIM hogii| isa samasyA para naye DhaMga se vicAra karane kI jarUrata hai| ciMtanIya pakSa yaha hai ki-jo bar3e kahe jAne vAle loga haiM, ve to isa samasyA para kucha socane aura vicAra karane kI jaise jarUrata hI anubhava nahIM krte| ve isase koI lenA-denA hI nahIM maante| ve isa bhASA meM socate haiM-sarakAra kA kAma hai, vaha jaane| hatyA, corI, lUTa, daMgA hotA hai to isakI jimmedArI prazAsana para DAla dete haiN| yaha nahIM socate ki apratyakSa rUpa se isa samasyA ke ubhAra meM unakA kitanA hAtha rahA? bAta bahuta kaTu lagegI, kiMtu hiMsA ko bar3hAne bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 365

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meM jitanA amIra logoM kA hAtha hai, utanA kisI kA nahIM hai / amIra logoM ke kAranAmeM samAja ke garIba logoM meM pratikriyAtmaka hiMsA kI Aga sulagA rahe haiN| unheM apane kriyAkalApa para naye sire se ciMtana karanA caahie| 7 hiMsA ke kAraNoM se logoM ko paricita karAne ke lie hI hamane ahiMsA yAtrA zurU kI hai| hiMsA ke itane kAraNa hai ki una saba para sabakA dhyAna jAnA caahie| jaba taka samAja meM bar3e aura choTe, amIra aura garIba kA aMtara rahegA, hiMsA kI bAr3ha ko rokA nahIM jA sakatA / isa prabhAvI yAtrA ke daurAna anekabAra mahAprajJa ne kahA- hama ahiMsA kI koI naI avadhAraNA prastuta nahIM kara rahe haiM / avadhAraNAe~ saba apane-apane sthAna para haiN| hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI vizada vyAkhyA vibhinna saMdarbhoM meM prastuta kI gii| jisakA AMzika ullekha kiye bagaira ahiMsA yAtrA kA vimarza apUrNa rahegA / hiMsA ke Arthika kAraNa hai jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA abhAva, jisakA AdhAra hai asaMtulita arthavyavasthA / artha ke abhAva aura prabhAva ne upabhoga pradhAna jIvana zailI aura zrama kA zoSaNa, garIbI evaM Asakti ko paidA kiyA hai| eka aura berojagArI dUsarI ora bAjAra para ekAdhikAra kI pravRti ne anadhigata zoSaNa, milAvaTa, pradarzana, Arthika spardhA ko prazraya diyA hai| hiMsA ke mAnasika kAraNoM kI sUcI meM pramukha hai - mastiSkIya asNtuln| jisake sahAre palatI hai krUratA, AgrahavRtti, mAnasika pichar3Apana, kaTutA, mAnasika tanAva, asaMyama, asIma mahattvakAMkSA / jisake pariNAma svarUpa utpIr3ana, apamAna / tiraskAra, azakya ko zakya banAne kA manobhAva / hiMsA ke bhAvAtmaka kAraNoM kI sUcI meM pramukha hai: graMthiyoM ke asaMtulita srAva evaM karma vipAka / inakI badaulata palate haiM - niSedhAtmaka bhAva, rAga dveSa kI pravRti, sahiSNutA kA abhAva, Aveza yukta bhAvAtmaka uttejanA, mana aura bhAvoM kI caMcalatA / sabase samartha kAraNa hai bhAvataMtra kI azuddhi jo AvegoM ko aniyaMtrita banAtI hai / pariNAma svarUpa karuNA aura saMvedanazIlatA kA bhAva tirohita ho jAtA hai| mUrcchA kI saghanatA bhaya, ghuTana / kuNThA, vyasana, doSAropaNa, dhokhAdhar3I kI bhAvanA paidA karatI hai / bhAvanAtmaka tanAva ke calate pratikriyA, krodha, mAna, lobha, ahaMkAra - mamakAra jaise vaibhAvika tattva paidA hote haiM / hiMsA ke vaizvika kAraNa hai pratizodha kI bhAvanA ke sAtha nyAya kA abhAva, paryAvaraNa kI cetanA kA abhAva aura AtaMkavAda kA prazikSaNa jisakI badaulata viSamatA, azikSA, AbAdI meM vRddhi kI samasyA aniyaMtrita ho rahI hai / zastrIkaraNa, mAdaka dravyoM kA pracura mAtrA meM nirmANa, akAla aura bAr3ha jaise aneka vaizvika hiMsA ke kAraNa haiM ina pramukha kAraNoM ke alAvA bhI hiMsA ke kAraNa hai jaise- rAjanaitika, vyAvahArika, sAmAjika, cetasika, zArIrika aura vaicArika jinakI mahAprajJa ne apane pravacanoM meM carcA kI hai| 38 isa vimarza kA eka mAtra lakSya thA - hiMsA ke kAraNoM ke prati janacetanA ko jAgRta karanA / vyakti-vyakti ke bhItara sauhArda, zAMti aura ahiMsA kI cetanA prabuddha bane isa mahAn uddezya se ahiMsA yAtrA meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne logoM ko samajhAyA * koI vyakti aparAdha karatA hai use kisI jAti yA sampradAya jor3anA ucita nahIM hai / koI vyakti anyAya kara rahA hai, niyamoM kA atikramaNa kara rahA hai usake prati pratizodha ke bhAva mata rkho| pratikAra karo tAki hiMsA ko bar3hAvA na mile| 366 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

Page #369
Ama AdamI ahiMsA kA anusaraNa kare, usake lie tIna saMkalpoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| 1. maiM anAvazyaka hiMsA nahIM kruuNgaa| 2. maiM niraparAdha kI hatyA nahIM kruuNgaa| 3. maiM upabhoga-sAmagrI kA saMyama kruuNgaa| ina sUtrAtmaka tathyoM ko vibhinna saMdarbho meM sugama zailI meM prastuti dekara mahAprajJa ne vyaktivyakti ke hRdaya parivartana kI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai| mahAprajJa kA yaha mAnanA thA ki ahiMsA kI zakti ko samajhane aura samajhAne kI yAtrA hai| isameM hamane ahiMsA kI zakti bhava kiyA hai| ahamadAbAda, muMbaI aura sUrata-sabhI jagaha sauhArda aura bhAIcAre kA vAtAvaraNa banA hai| mahAprajJa kA yaha nijI anubhava rahA hai-'hama hajAroM-hajAroM logoM se mile, hinduoM aura musalamAna donoM ke bIca rahe haiM aura hamane pAyA ki Ama AdamI sauhArda aura zAMti se rahanA cAhatA hai|' saMkalpa cetanA zAMti kI cAha ko samucita rAha dikhAne kI AkAMkSA se ahiMsA yAtrA ke jariye mAnava mAtra ko karAye jAne vAle saMkalpa the . maiM mAnavIya ekatA meM vizvAsa kruuNgaa| . maiM jAti, saMpradAya ke AdhAra para lar3AI-jhagar3A nahIM kruuNgaa| maiM yathA saMbhava ImAnadArI kA pAlana kruuNgaa| * maiM nazA mukta rahane kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| ina saMkalpoM meM mAnava mana kI zAMti aura samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA rAja chipA hai| ahiMsA yAtrA ke racanAtmaka kAryoM ko dekhakara deza ke aneka gaNamAnya vyaktiyoM ne isa upakrama kI prazaMsA kI, isase judd'e| ibrAhIma kurezI ke zabdoM meM- 'ahiMsA yAtrA ke dvArA jo kAma ho rahA hai, usane deza meM eka naI AzA kA saMcAra kiyA hai| prema, vizvAsa, maitrI aura bhAIcAre ke vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA hai|........ahiNsaa yAtrA ne deza meM mohabbata aura zAMti kA jo saMdeza diyA hai, usase napharata aura ghRNA kI Aga zAMta huI hai|'' prabuddha varga ne isa yAtrA ko jIvana badalAva meM mahattvapUrNa btlaayaa| ahiMsA yAtrA kI tahe dila se logoM ne anuzaMsA kii| pAkistAna ke rASTrapati paraveja muzarrapha ne ahiMsA yAtrA ko nimaMtraNa diyA-'ahiMsA yAtrA kI bhArata hI nahIM, pAkistAna ko bhI jarUrata hai| naI dillI ke bAda ahiMsA yAtrA ko lekara pAkistAna Ae, isase zAMti evaM sadbhAvanA kA vAtAvAraNa nirmita hogaa| prema, bhAIcAre va zAMti, sadbhAvanA se hI mAnava jAti kA kalyANa saMbhava hai|' isase ahiMsA yAtrA kI lokapriyatA kA aMdAjA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa abhiyAna ko AMdolana ke rUpa meM logoM ne dekhaa| mirjA niyAga bega ke abhimata meM-ahiMsA yAtrA kisI vyakti kI yAtrA nahIM hai yaha vicAra kI yAtrA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne eka svastha evaM sukhI ahiMsaka samAja kI saMkalpanA dI hai| yaha yAtrA naye darzana, naI saMskRti, naye AyAma evaM upakrama kI sthApanA kA ahiMsaka zAMtimaya AMdolana kA udghoSa hai|2 saiMkar3oM logoM ne ahiMsA yAtrA ko apane zabdoM meM prastuti dii| jisameM bhArata ke prathama nAgarika DaoN. e. pI. je. abdula kalAma se lekara TaiksI DrAivara salIma (ahamadAbAda) jaise loga zAmila hai| bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 367

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ahiMsA yAtrA kA kAphilA jahA~ bhI pahu~cA logoM ne saharSa svAgata kiyaa| jisameM chattIsa hI kauma kA utsAha dekhate banatA thaa| jAtapAMta ke bhedabhAva se uparata binA kisI aupacArikatA ke logoM ne ahiMsA yAtrA ke mizana kA bharapUra lAbha utthaayaa| mIloM taka katAra baMdha logoM ne adhizAstA kI agavAnI meM palaka pAvar3e bichAye, bATa nihaarii| pUrva par3Ava se agale par3Ava kI maMjila taya karate samaya anekadA AcArya mahAprajJa evaM yuvAcArya mahAzramaNa ke pravacana/udbodhana eka se pA~ca caraNoM (pA~ca bAra) meM saMpAdita hue| vibhinna TrasTa evaM saMgaThanoM ke logoM ne ahiMsA yAtrA ke mizana ko vyApaka banAne kA saMkalpa kiyaa| hindU-muslima, sikkha, IsAI, sindhI Adi vibhinna dharmoM se jur3e logoM ne isakI anazaMsA kI. bhAga liyA. yaga kI apekSA batalAte hae saphalatA kI maMgala kAmanA kii| niSpattiyoM ke kenavAsa para ahiMsA yAtrA ne jana-jana kI ahiMsaka cetanA ko jagAne meM ahaM bhUmikA adA kI hai| eka karor3a se bhI adhika loga saMbhAgI bneN| naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA isakA kAlajayI Alekha hai| vizeSarUpa se sAmAjika ekatA, ahiMsA prazikSaNa, rojagAra prazikSaNa, grAmotthAna, rASTranirmANa evaM vizva zAMti ke sArthaka prayatna isakI amiTa yAdagAra hai| mizana ke sAtha saMpAdita nagara, Dagara, gA~va, karbaTa pahu~cI ahiMsA yAtrA kA svara Aja bhI bulaMda hai sadiyoM taka smRtiyoM meM zeSa rhegaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ne gAMdhI kI DAMDI yAtrA kI smRtiyoM ko naye zire se ukerA aura apanI abhinava chApa logoM ke diloM meM aMkita kI hai| yadyapi donoM ke saMdarbha sthitiyA~ sarvathA bhinna haiM para ahiMsA kI zakti kA camatkAra donoM yAtrAoM meM vizeSAdhika rUpa se kAryakArI banA hai| ahiMsaka soca ahiMsaka soca ke saMdarbha meM gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke ciMtana meM maulika bheda hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI kI ahiMsaka soca meM gatizIlatA kA nidarzana hai| ThaharAva unheM mAnya nahIM thaa| apane ciMtana ko AkAra dene meM cAhe bahumata kI carcA kA pAtra bhale kyoM na bananA par3A para unheM jahAM jaisA ucita lagA use aMjAma diyaa| manuSya evaM manuSyetara prANiyoM ke prati gAMdhI kA ahiMsA saMbaMdhI mantavya spaSTa thaa| adhikAMzatayA unhoMne prANImAtra ke vadha ko heya mAnA parantu yadA-kadA prANiyoM dvArA satAye jAne athavA unakI sevA-surakSA saMbhava na hone para prANaharaNa ko bhI svIkRta kiyaa| bachar3e kA vadha gAMdhI ke jIvana kA prasiddha udAharaNa bana gyaa| pazu DaoNkTara kI salAha meM bachar3e ke ilAja kI AzA khatma hai| bachar3A chaTapaTA rahA hai, karavaTa badalane meM bhI use kaSTa hotA thaa| mujhe (gAMdhI) lagA ki aisI sthiti meM isa bachar3e kA prANa lenA hI dharma hai, ahiMsA hai| anta meM dIna bhAva se kintu dRr3hatA pUrvaka pAsa meM rahakara maiMne DaoNkTara ke dvArA jahara kI picakArI DalavAkara bachar3e kA prANaharaNa kiyaa| prasaMga ke saMdarbha meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI soca pragatizIla ThaharatI hai| unake anusAra hatyA usa samaya hiMsA nahIM mAnI jA sakegI, jisa samaya kisI ke prANa usI ke acchAI yA hita meM liye jaayeN| jahA~ svArtha-bhAvanA se prANaharaNa kiyA jAye vaha jaghanya aparAdha hai| anAgraha bhAva se gAMdhI ne yaha bhI svIkArA ki vAstavika rIti se merA mAnA huA dharma adharma bhI ho sakatA hai para kaI bAra anajAne se bhUla kiye binA bhI dharma kA patA nahIM calatA hai| bachar3e kI ghaTanA se jAhira hai ki gAMdhI kA karuNA bhAva kabhI-kabhI itanA sakriya banA ki unase para kaSTa darzana mAtra asahya ho gayA aura aisI ghaTanA unake dvArA ghaTita kI gii| 368 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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apane isa kRtya ko aucitya pUrNa mAnate hue gAMdhI ne prItama ko uddhRta kiyA 'prema-patha pAvakanI jvAlA bhAlo pAchA bhAge jAne' arthAt 'prema-patha Aga kI lapaTa hai| use dekhakara hI loga bhAgate haiN| ahiMsA dharma kA paMtha prema-paMtha hai| isa paMtha meM AdamI ko bahuta bAra akele hI vicAra karanA par3atA hai| puSTi meM kahA : aise dRSTAMtoM kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai jabaki mArane meM hI ahiMsA ho aura na marane meM hiNsaa| mAna lo ki merI lar3akI koI rAya dene lAyaka na ho| usa para koI AkramaNa karane A jaay| mere pAsa use jItane kA koI dUsarA mArga mile hI nahIM to maiM lar3akI kA prANa lU~ aura AkramaNakArI ke talavAra ke vaza hoU~ to usameM maiM zuddha ahiMsA dekhatA huuN| unakI dalIla thI-jisa taraha rogI ke bhale ke lie usake zarIra meM cIraphAr3a karane meM DaoNkTara hiMsA nahIM karatA, balki zuddha ahiMsA hI pAlana karatA hai, usI taraha mArane meM bhI ahiMsA kA pAlana ho sakatA hai| bhASita hai ki sAmAjika dAyitva bodha athavA kartavya bodha ko bhI gAMdhI ne hiMsA-ahiMsA kI tulA para lA khar3A kiyA aura ahiMsA kA cogA pahanA diyaa| jisa hiMsA kA uddezya ahiMsA kA kSetra bar3hAnA ho, jo hiMsA anivArya ho par3e, jo aisI ho jisake lie pariNAma kA vicAra kiye binA prayatna kiyA jA sake, vaha hiMsA kSantavya hai; kartavya bhI ho sakatI hai| isalie yaha kahanA sarAsara anucita nahIM hai ki hiMsA meM ahiMsA ho sakatI hai|" unakI yaha svataMtra soca thI jise tarka kI kasauTI para nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| ahiMsA ke sAtha dharma aura adharma kA viveka jur3A huA hai| maiM jisa ahiMsA kA pujArI hU~, vaha kevala jIva-dayA nahIM hai| jaina dharma meM jIva-dayA para khUba jora diyA gayA hai| vaha samajha meM AtA hai, magara usakA yaha matalaba haragija nahIM hai ki insAna ko chor3akara haivAnoM para dayA kI jaay| dehadhArI ko kucha na kucha hiMsA to karanI hI par3atI hai? mujhe khetI karanI ho, jaMgala meM rahanA ho, to khetI ke lie lAjimI (anivArya) hiMsA karanI hI pdd'egii| baMdaroM, pariMdoM aura aise jantuoM ko, jo phasala khA jAte haiM, khuda mAranA hogA yA aisA AdamI rakhanA hogA jo unheM maare| donoM eka hI cIja haiN| jaba akAla sAmane ho, taba ahiMsA ke nAma para phasala ko ujar3ane denA maiM to pApa hI samajhatA huuN| pApa aura puNya svataMtra cIjeM haiN| eka hI cIja eka samaya pApa aura dUsare samaya puNya ho sakatI hai| prakaTa rUpa se gAMdhI kI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI avadhAraNA meM pApa-puNya kI kalpanA jaina mAnyatA se bhinna thii| vicAroM kI thAha pAne kI maMzA se prazna upasthita kiyA gayA ki kaineDI ke putra para siMha ne AkramaNa kiyA ho usa samaya usako kyA karanA cAhie? gAMdhI ne batAyA 'yadi kaineDI yoM hI khar3Akhar3A dekhatA rahatA aura usake bacce ko siMha phAr3akara khA jAtA hai to yaha kisI sUrata yA zakala meM ahiMsA na hotii| balki nirI hRdayahIna kAyaratA hotI, jo ahiMsA ke viparIta hai|' tathyataH gAMdhI kAyaratA ko hiMsA mAnate the| aneka prasaMgoM para kahA-yadi hiMsA aura kAyaratA meM se kisI eka kA cunAva karanA ho to maiM hiMsA ko apnaauuNgaa| gatizIla ahiMsA ke Aloka meM unakI bhAvanA ko isa rUpa meM jAnA jA sakatA hai ki svArtha yA krodha meM kisI bhI jIva ko kaSTa diyA jAye yA usake aniSTa athavA prANa-haraNa kI icchA bhI kI jAye to vaha hiMsA hai| niHsvArtha buddhi se, zAMta cita se, kisI bhI jIva kI bhautika yA AdhyAtmika bhalAI ke lie use jo duHkha diyA jAye yA usakA prANaharaNa kiyA jAye vaha ahiMsA ho sakatI na apane ApameM anveSaNIya hai ki kyA ye ahiMsaka kahe jaayeNge| aMta meM ahiMsA kI parIkSA kA AdhAra bhAvanA para rahatA hai| hai| dRSTa bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 369

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gAMdhI ke prAraMbha aura kAlAntara ke vicAroM meM eka bar3A antara pAyA jAtA hai| unhoMne kahA-bandara jisa jagaha upadrava rUpa ho gae haiM, usa jagaha unako mArane meM jo hiMsA hotI hai, vaha kSamya hai| jaba akAla sAmane ho taba ahiMsA ke nAma para phasala ko ujar3ane denA maiM to pApa hI samajhatA huuN| isI prakAra eka prasaMga meM ve likhate haiM-machalI yA mAMsa khAne vAle ko ye cIjeM khAne dene meM jo hiMsA hotI hai, use maiM hiMsA nahIM maantaa| maiM use apanA dharma samajhatA huuN| inhIM viSayoM para ve prasaMgAntara se apanI mAnyatA dUsarI hI prastuta karate haiM-bandara ko mAra bhagAne meM maiM zuddha hiMsA hI dekhatA huuN| unheM agara mAranA par3e to usameM adhika hiMsA hogii| yaha hiMsA tInoM kAloM meM hiMsA hI ginI jaaegii| usameM bandara ke hita kA vicAra nahIM hai, kintu Azrama ke hI hita kA vicAra hai| kisAna jo hiMsA karatA hai, vaha hiMsA anivArya hokara kSamya ho sakatI hai, parantu ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| plega ke cUhe aura cIMcar3a bhI mere sahodara haiN| jIne kA jitanA adhikAra merA hai, utanA hI unakA hai| isa taraha gAMdhI ke pUrvavartI evaM uttaravartI vicAroM meM antara hai| vyavahAra kI dRSTi se unheM jaba jaisA lagA prastuti dii| ___ hiMsA ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa ke vicAra gAMdhI se sarvathA bhinna the| hiMsA unake lie kabhI ahiMsA nahIM bana skii| sUkSmatA ke sAtha unhoMne yathArtha ke dharAtala para tathArUpa prastuti dii| mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-sArA saMsAra jIvAkula hai-ananta-ananta jIva haiN| sUkSma-sthUla, trasa-sthAvara-sabhI prakAra ke jIva bhare par3e haiN| eka aNamAtra bhI aisA sthAna nahIM hai. jahA~ jIva kA astitva na ho| AkAza kA eka pradeza bhI jIvamukta nahIM hai| usa sthiti meM muni zvAsa letA hai, calatA-phiratA hai, uThatA-baiThatA hai, sotA-jAgatA hai, vaha saba kucha karatA hai| taba kyA yaha saMbhava hai ki usase kisI jIva kI hiMsA na ho? usake zarIra ke yoga se koI jIva na mare, yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| usake pramAda se bhI jIva hiMsA ho sakatI hai aura apramAda avasthA meM bhI jIva hiMsA ho sakatI hai| koI jIva Upara se usake zarIra para girakara mara sakatA hai| koI jIva usake pairoM ke nIce Akara mara sakatA hai| jAne anajAne bhI mara sakatA hai| phira ahiMsA kA sarvapAlana kaise hogA? usa sthiti meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA ki azakya koTi kI hiMsA muni se bhI ho jAtI hai| vaha hiMsA karatA nahIM kiMtu ho jAtI hai| yaha zarIra kI anivAryatA hai, isalie ho jAtI hai| kintu muni zarIra dhAraNa ke lie usa hiMsA kA AzrayaNa nahIM le sktaa| isameM itanA antara A gyaa|.....vh bhojana ke lie hiMsA kA Azraya nahIM legA, kintu usakA zarIra hai, usake yoga se kabhI hiMsA ho bhI jAtI hai|" isa kathana ke Aloka meM spaSTa hai ki hiMsA ko hiMsA hI mAnA gayA bhale hI vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM kyoM na ho| jIvana yApana se jur3I anivArya hiMsA ko mahAprajJa ne kabhI ahiMsA nahIM maanaa| jahA~ taka ahiMsaka soca meM gatizIlatA kA prazna hai unhoMne isa saMdarbha meM sUkSmatA se Akalana kiyA hai para ahiMsA kA maulika svarUpa kabhI dhUmila na hone diyaa| ahiMsA svarUpa bheda ahiMsA ke svarUpa-mAnyatA saMbaMdhI gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke vicAroM meM maulika antara pAte haiM jisakI eka jhalaka vimarzya hai| gAMdhI kI soca meM ahiMsA ke vibhinna rUpa dekhe jAte haiN| unhoMne batAyA 'dUsaroM ke lie prANArpaNa karanA prema kI parAkASThA hai aura usakA zAstrIya nAma ahiMsA hai|' yaha 370 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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bhI kahA Apa dehAnta taka duHkha bhoga kara dUsare ko sukha dene kA nAma ahiMsA dharma hai| apanI ahiMsA samajha ko adhika spaSTa kiyA-hiMsA kA abhAva ahiMsA nahIM hai, vaha to usakA rUpa bhara hai| usa ahiMsA kA prANa prema hai| prema se aura jIvanta zakti kyA hai? phira bhI Atmagata aura vyaktigata prema meM antara bAMdhanA kaThina ho jAtA, aura 'prema' zabda meM niSedha kI zakti bhI kama rahatI; isI se prema na kaha kara kahA gayA 'ahiMsA' vaha ahiMsA niSkriya (paisiva) padArtha nahIM hai, vaha tejasvI aura sakriya tattva hai| prakaTa rUpa se gAMdhI kI ahiMsA prema se udabhata hokara vyavahAra ke dharAtala ko puSTa karatI hai| unakI dRSTi meM dUsare ke sukha duHkha kA jahA~ asara nahIM hai, vahA~ dayA nahIM hai, jahA~ dayA nahIM vahA~ dharma nahIM hai, ahiMsA nahIM hai| dUsare kA sukha DhU~Dhane meM hI to ahiMsA kA zodha huaa| manuSya ne jaba apane ko dUsare meM dekhA aura dUsare ko apane meM dekhA, tabhI usane dUsare ke sukha se sukhI aura duHkha se dukhI honA siikhaa| isase usane apane aihika sukha ke tyAga meM Atmika sukha kA anubhava kiyA aura isI se vaha apane lie bekhabara jagat kI hiMsA karane se attkaa| spaSTatayA vyakti ke bhItara chupA dayA-prema bhAva hI use jAgatika hiMsA se bacAtA hai aura usake bhItara mAnavIya cetanA kA saMcAra karatA hai| 'ahiMsA koI yAMtrika kriyA nahIM hai| yaha hRdaya kA sarvottama guNa hai|' isa guNa kA vikAsa hI mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| hamAre hRdaya meM jo ahiMsA supta rUpa se par3I huI hai use vikasita karanA mahattvapUrNa hai para isakA udbhava to sacce bala se hI hogaa| kyA hamAre andara isa prakAra kI balavAna ahiMsA hai? yaha prazna ahiMsA kI cetanA ko jhaMkRta karane ke lie jarUrI hai| gAMdhI ke ahiMsA saMbaMdhI ciMtana meM vaiyaktika aura sAmAjikatA kA samAveza hai| unakI ahiMsA soca meM jahAM prema, Izvara aura satya kI yuti hai vahIM mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI soca meM Atmavizuddhi kI svIkRti ke sAtha samAjika, rAjanaitika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI zakti hai| ahiMsA ke saiddhAMtika pakSa ko Adhunika pariveza meM prastuti mahAprajJa kI nirmala prajJA kA prasAda hai-'ahiMsA eka racanAtmaka upakrama hai| isakA artha kevala 'mata mAro' itanA hI na leN| vaha to hai hI, para kisI ko satAo mata, pIDA mata phNcaao| kisI kA zoSaNa mata kro| kisI ke sAtha anyAya mata kro| samasta prANI mAtra ko AtmatulA ke samAna samajhane kA prayatna kro| sabako apanI AtmatulA para tauleN| jo vyavahAra Apako pasanda nahIM hai, vaha vyavahAra Apa bhI kisI ke sAtha na kreN| jo vyakti hara prANI ko apanI dRSTi se dekhatA hai, apane samAna samajhatA hai, vaha kisI ko bhayabhIta nahIM karatA, pIr3ita nahIM karatA, coTa nahIM pahu~cAtA, dhokhA nahIM detaa| Atma tulA kA yaha siddhAMta ahiMsA kA prAyogika svarUpa hai|' isa kathana ke Aloka meM ahiMsA kA AcaraNa vaiyaktika hai para prabhAva vyApaka hotA hai| vyApakatA kA aMdAjA unake zabdoM meM guMphita hai-'ahiMsA vaha amRta hai jo samAja va rASTra ko jIvita rakhatA hai|' arthAt usake astitva ko kAyama rakhatA hai| ahiMsA ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa meM mAnavIya mUlyoM kA grahaNa hai-ahiMsA meM maitrI hai, sadbhAvanA hai, sauhArda hai, ekatA hai, sukha aura zAnti hai| ahiMsA kA svarUpa upazama, mRdutA, saralatA, santoSa, anAsakti aura adveSa hai|" ahiMsA svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kA abhimata rahA, 'ahiMsA kA svarUpa vyApaka hai| asat kA saMvaraNa aura sat kA pravartana ahiMsA hai|' arthAt mAnava jitanA asat-pApakArI pravRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa aura pApAcAra rahita prazasta pravattiyoM kA samAcaraNa karatA hai usakI ahiMsA utanI hI tejasvI banatI hai| mahAprajJa ahiMsA ke virAT svarUpa ke pakSadhara the unhIM ke zabdoM meM-maineM bAra-bAra isa bAta ko bheda dRSTi ke AdhArabhUta mAnaka / 371

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kahA hai ki ahiMsA ko saMkucita arthoM meM na leN| usake vyApaka svarUpa ko dekhane aura samajhane kA prayatna kreN| mAnavocita karma ahiMsA hai, isase itara karma hiMsA hai| jisase svayaM kA aura dUsaroM kA kalyANa ho, aisA hara kArya ahiMsA hai| jo svayaM ke lie hAnikara ho aura dUsaroM ko bhI pIr3A aura duHkha pahuMcAeM, vaha hiMsA hai| ahiMsA aura hiMsA ko isI dRSTi se dekhanA caahie| satat ahiMsA kI zodha meM saMlagna AcArya mahAprajJa ne pratirodha aura pratikAra ko ahiMsA ke AyAma batalAte hue batalAyA ki pratirodha apanA bacAva hai aura pratikAra hai paristhiti para aaghaat| ahiMsA meM pratirodha aura pratikAra kI zakti nahIM rahe to anupAlaka nirvIrya bana jAegA, zakti-saMtulana hiMsA ke hAtha meM calA jaayegaa| ahiMsA kI pratirodha zakti hai svatantra cetanA kA anAvRttikaraNa aura usakI pratikAra zakti hai prema kA vistaar| utanA vistAra, jisameM zUnya na ho to aprIti ke lie koI avakAza na ho| jAhira hai ki ahiMsA kI zakti meM hI prema kA samAveza aura aprIti kA anta hotA hai| ahiMsA kI mAtrA bar3hatI hai, prema kA dharAtala UMcA aura nirvikAra hotA hai, usase Ananda kA srota phUTa nikalatA hai| ahiMsA kA artha gaurava unake zabdoM meM pratibimbita huA-ahiMsA kA artha hai-nirvikAra dshaa| mUlabhUta vikAra hai-rAga-dveSa / vyakti kI pravRttiyAM jitanI rAga-dveSa raMjita hogI ahiMsA kI cetanA utanI hI dhUmila banatI jaayegii| dUsarI ora hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM meM bhI ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai| unakI dRSTi meM yuddha kI pravRtti hiMsA hai kintu usameM bhI niraparAdha ko na mArane, nihatthoM para prahAra na karane kI vRtti ahiMsA hai| vyApAra karanA ahiMsA nahIM kintu vyApAra karane meM jhUThA tolamApa va zoSaNa na karane aura na Thagane kI vRtti ahiMsA hai| siddhAnta kI bhASA meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAga-dveSa se jitanA bacAva kiyA jAe, vahI ahiMsA hai| tathyataH ahiMsA ke maulika tattva ko vyavahArika dharAtala para pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna yuga kI mAMga hai ki dharma ke tattva ko jIvana meM samarasa banAyA jaaye| vyaktigata jIvana se jur3I ahiMsA ko prastuta kiyaa| ahiMsA kA artha hai-gusse para niyaMtraNa karanA tathA nazA nahIM krnaa| nazA aura gussA vyakti ko hiMsaka banAtA hai, para vaha hiMsA sthUla rUpa se dikhAI nahIM detii| mahAprajJa spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate-hameM yA to sImA para yuddha dikhAI detA hai yA AMtaka aura upadrava kI ghaTanAe~ dikhAI detI haiN| isI ke sAtha hama Age bhI dekhane kA mAnasa banAeM ki kyA Aveza kRta hiMsA kama hai? Aveza meM Akara AdamI apane bhAI ko, pitA ko, patnI ko, patra ko mAra DAlatA hai| vahA~ na koI AtaMka kI bAta hai aura na kisI ugravAda kI bAta hai| vyaktigata jIvana se jur3I hiMsA ko mAtra ukerA hI nahIM apitu ahiMsAtmaka prazikSaNa ke mAdhyama se parivartana kI pravidhi bhI btlaaii| vicAra vaiziSTya ke pravAha meM se katipaya binduoM kA vimarza manISiyoM ke svataMtra ciMtana ko prastuta karatA hai| ahiMsA kI dhurA para parikramA karane vAle vicAra-pravAha meM maulikatA kA nidarzana hai| manISiyoM kI karmakSetrIya bhinnatA se niSpanna vicAroM meM bhinnatA svAbhAvika hai| para, apane-apane saMdarbha meM viziSTatA jIvaMta hai| apekSA hai usa vicAra vaiziSTya ko yathArtha ke dharAtala para samajhane aura prAyogika banAne kii| 372 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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abheda tulA : eka vimarza mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa ke vicAroM meM jahA~ bhinnatA hai, vahA~ adbhuta samAnatA bhI dekhI natA kA saMdarbha bhale hI AMzika bajhAye para unakA Azaya lakSyabhedI hone se una vicAroM ko abheda kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai| prastuta saMdarbha meM una pahaluoM kA vimarza iSTa hai jo manISI dvaya kI vaicArika ekatA ke dyotaka haiN| ahiMsA kI AsthA ahiMsA ke prati gAMdhI kI aTUTa AsthA unake mana-vacana-karma meM samAyI huI thI, jisakI prastuti aneka prasaMgoM para huii| unhoMne kahA-'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ahiMsA jIvana kA uccatama siddhAnta hai| usake pAlana se yadi jarA bhI hama cyuta hoM to use hamArA patana samajhanA caahiye| bhUmiti kI sarala rekhA takhte para cAhe na khIMcI jA sakatI ho parantu usa kArya kI asaMbhavatA ke kAraNa vaha vyAkhyA nahIM badalI jA sktii| ahiMsA kI yaha AsthA satya zodha se jur3I huI thii| ve kahate-'mujhe pakSapAta satya kA hI hai aura maiM ahiMsA mArga se satya kA zodhana karatA huuN| maiMne anubhava kiyA hai ki dUsare mArga se satya kA patA nahIM laga sktaa| satya hai yA nahIM, ahiMsA parama dharma hai yA nahIM-mere nikaTa ye vivAdagrasta viSaya nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM apane mana meM zaMkA kA honA bhI maiM saMbhava nahIM maantaa| kintu usakA pAlana kyoM kara ho, yaha prazna mere pAsa hamezA khar3A rahatA hai|' spaSTatayA gAMdhI kI ahiMsA AsthA nirvikalpa thI, jisakI prastuti aneka prasaMgoM para kI gii| unakA yaha mAnanA thA ki ahiMsA bala para hI mAnava astitva TikA huA hai| unhoMne kahA'agara ahiMsA yA prema hamArA jIvana dharma na hotA, to isa martyaloka meM hamArA jIvana kaThina ho jaataa|' ahiMsA aura prema hI aise tattva haiM jo asaMbhava ko saMbhava meM badala sakate haiN| gAMdhI isI bala para DaTe rhe| ve kahate the-aMgrejoM kA svabhAva hai ki ve jhukate nhiiN| isa para unheM kosane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| hamAre prema kI Aga se unake 'kaThora se kaThora bAhudaNDa' pighale binA nahIM raha skte| maiM isa bAta ko jAnatA hU~, ataeva apanI isa sthiti se haTa nahIM sktaa| isa phaulAdI AsthA kA hI camatkAra thA ki lambe arse taka bhArata para rAja karane kI aMgrejoM kI mAnasikatA badala gyii| ___ahiMsA ke pariNAma nikle| duniyA ke pravuddha mAnasa ne yaha anubhava kiyaa| eka yUropiyana bhAI ne khata ke jariye gAMdhI ko likhA-'Apane jiMdagI bhara ahiMsA para calane aura dUsaroM ko calAne kI pUrI koziza kI hai| apanI apAra lagana kI badaulata Apako apane kAma meM kAmayAbI milI abheda tulA : eka vimarza | 373

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hai| briTena ne jAhira taura para isa taraha nekadilI aura dostI ke sAtha hindustAna chor3a diyA, usase yaha ummIda mAlUma hotI hai ki ahiMsA kI kadara sirpha Apake hI mulka taka mahadUda nahIM hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki hiMsA kI majabUta, moTI diravAleM pahalI bAra kahIM-kahIM kucha TUTI hai aura insAnI samAja ke lie kucha bhale dina Ane vAle haiN|' gAMdhI kI TippaNI thI hindustAna ko bahAduroM kI ahiMsA kA tajurabA nahIM hai| bahAduroM kI ahiMsA duniyA meM sabase bar3I zakti hai| Aja kI duHkhI duniyA ke uddhAra ke lie talavAra kI dhAra jaisI ahiMsA ke durgama mArga ke sivA dUsarI koI AzA nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki isa satya ko sAbita karane meM mere jaise karor3oM AdamI asaphala raheM lekina yaha asaphalatA ahiMsA ke sanAtana niyama kI nahIM, balki una karor3oM kI hogii| yaha unakI ahiMsA AsthA kI mizAla hai| AsthA jaba mukhara hotI hai to vaha jIvana kI saccAI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| gAMdhI ke sAtha bhI ahiMsA kA anubaMdha kucha aisA hI thaa| unhoMne aneka prasaMgoM para kahA : maiM khuda to apane ahiMsA ke usUla meM tabadIlI nahIM kara sakatA, ahiMsA mere lie eka usUla hI nahIM, vaha mere jIvana kA satya bana gaI hai| jisakA AdhAra merA barasoM kA tajurabA hai| jo AdamI bAra-bAra mIThe seba khA cukA hai, use unheM kar3ave kahane ke liye kaise rAjI kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve loga seba nahIM khAye balki seba kI taraha dikhAI dene vAle koI dUsare phala khAye haiN| ahiMsA ko sAmrAjyavAdiyoM ke chipe yA khule kAmoM se DaranA nahIM caahie| yaha vicAra muslima lIga kI samasyA ke daurAna gAMdhI ne rakhA thA jisakA spaSTa Azaya thA ki ahiMsaka AsthA meM samAdhAna kI zakti chupI hai| nAgAsAkI aura hirozimA para hue aNubama ke prayoga gAMdhI kI ahiMsaka AsthA ko hilA nahIM sake, apitu barabAdI kI khabara pAkara unhoMne yahI kahA-'yadi duniyA aba bhI ahiMsA ko nahIM apanAtI hai to mAnava jAti AtmahatyA se nahIM bcegii| duniyA ko prerita karate hue unhoMne kahA- 'eTama bama kI isa behada dardanAka kahAnI se hameM sabaka to yaha sIkhanA hai ki hiMsA se hiMsA ko nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| insAna sirpha ahiMsA kI mArphata hI hiMsA ke gaDhe meM se nikala sakatA hai| napharata ko sirpha pyAra se hI jItA jA sakatA hai| maiMne koI kitAbI bAta nahIM kahI thii| maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki jo cIja merI raga-raga meM bharI hai, usI ko maiMne joradAra zabdoM meM kahA hai| sATha sAla taka isa cIja ko jIvana ke hara eka kSetra meM AjamAkara merI zraddhA aura bhI pakkI haI hai aura dostoM ke tajurabe se bhI use tAkata milI hai| yaha eka aisI jar3a kI saccAI hai ki AdamI agara akelA ho to bhI bagaira kisI jhijhaka ke isa para DaTakara khar3A raha sakatA hai| maiksamUlara ne barasoM pahale kahA thA-'jaba taka satya para vizvAsa rakhane vAle maujUda haiM, satya ko duharAnA hI pdd'egaa|' maiM isa bAta ko mAnatA huuN|" spaSTa rUpa se jaba sArI duniyA eTama bama kI vinAza lIlA se bhayabhIta thI, usa samaya bhI gAMdhI ne ahiMsA meM isakA samAdhAna dekhaa| __ ahiMsA kI aTUTa AsthA kA bala prApta thA, jisakI badaulata ve sadaiva zakti saMpanna bane rhe| unhoMne svIkArA-'mere meM ahiMsA aura satya ke sivAya koI nIti cAturya nahIM hai|' AcArya mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA AsthA unake akhaMDa ahiMsaka jIvana kA sabUta thii| tAjiMdagI ahiMsA ko prANavAna banAne meM apanI zakti kA niyojana kiyaa| naitikatA aura ahiMsA ke aparihArya saMbaMdha ko sAmAjika dharAtala para prastuti dI-svastha samAja ke lie jarUrI hai naitika mUlyoM ke prati AsthA jaage| ahiMsA aura naitikatA ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaba taka isakA vyavahArika 374 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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prayoga nahIM hogA ahiMsA kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa nahIM hogaa| AsthA mukhara huI-jIvana kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ahiMsA meM hai| yaha unakI aTUTa ahiMsA AsthA kA pramANa hai| na kevala vaiyaktika apitu pArivArika sAmAjika aura rASTrIya-aMtarrASTrIya samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ahiMsA meM batalAyA hai| ahiMsA zAzvata dharma hai| isakI racanAtmakatA para AcArya mahAprajJa kI aTUTa AsthA thiiN| isa ko abhinava AyAma dete hue 'ahiMsA-yAtrA' kA upakrama kiyA jisake AzAtIta pariNAma nikale haiN| logoM ne mahAprajJa ke isa dRSTikoNa ko samajhA ki garIbI, azikSA, ityAdi se mukti pAne ke lie tathA vikAsa kI pagaDaMDiyAM taya karane ke lie zAMti Avazyaka hai| mahAprajJa ne janajana kI cetanA meM AsthA kA saMcAra kara unheM ahiMsA kI dizA meM gatizIla banane ke lie prerita kiyA hai| ahiMsA AsthA ko jagAne kA eka upakrama hai-aNuvrata aandoln| vyakti aura samAja donoM meM ahiMsA kI AsthA jAge tabhI vyApaka parivartana saMbhava hogaa| mahAprajJa mAnate the ki ahiMsA mAtra pAralaukika hI nahIM hai, bhautika abhyudaya meM bhI isakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| 'ahiMsA dharma samAja ke lie tabhI adhika upayogI bana sakatA hai, jabaki usakA mUlyAMkana samAja kI dRSTi se kiyA jaae|'59 ahiMsA AsthA aneka bAra mukhara huii| unhoMne batAyA ki ahiMsA hamAre jIvana kI saphalatA aura zAMti kA anivArya aMga hai| ahiMsA hai to jIvana hai| yaha nahIM hai to jIvana Tika nahIM paataa| para duniyA isa saccAI ko svIkAra karane meM hicakicAtI hai| jIvana ke sahI artha ko samajhane ke lie ise svIkAra karanA hogaa| isa prakAra ve jIvana-astitva ke lie ahiMsA ko anivArya mAnate the| yaha unakI ahiMsA AsthA kA hI nidarzana hai ki ve ahiMsA ke binA zAMtipUrNa jIvana kI kalpanA nAmumakina maante| manISiyoM kI ahiMsA AsthA unake mana-vacana-karma se saMpRkta banIM aura saphalatA kA mArga prazasta huaa| vidhAyaka soca vyakti kI soca usake AMtarika bhAvoM kA pratibimba hai| jaisA bhAva vaisA svabhAva, jaisA svabhAva vaisA vyvhaar| yaha naizcayika tathya hai| isa saMdarbha meM mahAtmA gAMdhI aura AcArya mahAprajJa kI soca samAna rUpa se sakArAtmaka dekhI jAtI hai| gAMdhI ke jIvanavRtta kA avalokana evaM ciMtana kA adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai unakI soca sadaiva sakArAtmaka rhii| jahA~ taka virodhI vicAroM ke sAtha tAla-mela kA prasaMga hotA vahA~ bhI gAMdhI kA vidhAyaka dRSTikoNa thaa| isakI puSTi me eka prasaMga kA ullekha ucita hogA-yadyapi zreSTha se bhI zreSTha kArya ke lie maiM hisAtmaka paddhati kA aTala virodhI hU~ ataeva hiMsAvAdiyoM ke aura mere milApa ke lie koI guMjAiza nahIM hai| itanA hone para bhI merA ahiMsAdharma mujhe na kevala rokatA hai balki arAjakoM aura anya sabhI hiMsAvAdiyoM se saMparka rakhane para majabUra karatA hai| kiMtu yaha saMsarga kevala isI Azaya se hai ki unheM maiM usa rAha se bacAU~ jo mujhe galata dikhAI detI hai| mujhe apane anubhava se vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki sthAyI kalyANa asatya aura hiMsA kA phala kabhI ho hI nahIM sktaa| prakaTa rUpa se gAMdhI kA dRSTikoNa vidheyAtmaka thaa| pratikUla se pratikUla paristhiti meM bhI gAMdhI kA vidhAyaka bhAva dekhA gyaa| jisakA prakhara udAharaNa hai-kastUrabA kI mauta para gAMdhI dvArA kahe gaye zabda-'hama donoM bAsaTha varSa taka sAtha rahe....aura abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 375

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vaha merI goda meM marI, isase acchA kyA ho sakatA hai|' jela ke zikaMjoM meM bhI gAMdhI ne yahI kahA - 'yahA~ mujhe apanI zakti ke vikAsa kA sunaharA avasara milA hai|' jaba ve jela se bAhara nikalate eka naI zakti - sphuraNA kI anubhUti karate / vidhAyaka bhAva AcArya mahAprajJa kI AdhyAtmika pragati kA rAja hai / AtmAnveSaNa kI bhUmikA para ve yadA kadA kahate - caurAsI varSa kI umra meM mujhe yAda nahIM ki kabhI svapna meM bhI kisI kA * ahita-aniSTha vAMchA ho / unakI soca sadaiva sakArAtmaka rahI hai / mahAprajJa kA kahanA hai 'mere mana meM kisI ke prati ghRNA, zatrutA aura dveSa kA bhAva nahIM hai / mana meM sabake prati karuNA, saMvadenA aura Atmaupamya kA bhAva bahatA hai| isI ke pariNAma mAnatA hU~ ki jo bhI hamAre pAsa AtA hai, apanepana kA anubhava karatA hai| 62 jahA~ taka vidhAyaka vicAroM ke saMprasAra kA prazna hai mahAprajJa ne ise bakhUbI saMpAdita kiyA hai| unakI aneka kRtiyoM meM vidhAyaka soca kI mImAMsA huI hai / 'kaise soce ' ' vicAra ko badalanA sIkheM' racanA meM vaicArika vizuddhi para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyA gayA hai| isa satya ko ujAgara kiyA ki amaMgala, nitAnta svArthaparaka evaM aniSTa vicAra hiMsA ke paryAya haiN| inase bacanA vaicArika ahiMsA kI dizA meM gatizIla banane ke lie jarUrI hai / vaicArika dharAtala para atIndriya cetanA/ahiMsaka cetanA- vikAsa ke mukhya ghaTaka haiM-bure vicAra na Ae~ / anAvazyaka vicAra na aaeN| vicAra bilkula na Ae~ / " vidhAyaka bhAva kI pRSThabhUmi meM ve bhAva zuddhiko mahatvapUrNa maante| unakA abhimata rahA ki bhAva kA udvega, bhAva kA Aveza ubharatA hai, hiMsaka ghaTanAe~ ghaTa jAtI haiN| jitanI bhI asAmAjika pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM, usake pIche kAma kara rahA hai bhAva / bhAva vizuddha ahiMsaka jIvana kI AdhAra bhitti hai / mana kI pavitratA aura bhAvoM kI nirmalatA hI ahiMsA hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA meM mana aura bhAvoM kA bar3A yoga rahatA hai| mana aura bhAvanA nirmala nahIM hai to cetanA kI pavitratA ko surakSita nahIM rakhA jA sakatA, jIvana bhI acchA nahIM bana sakatA / isa saccAI ko AtmasAt karate hue mahAprajJa ne nirantara vidhAyaka bhAvoM ko jIyA hai| manISiyoM kI soca sakArAtmaka bhAvoM se paripUrNa banI, yaha unake ahiMsA pradhAna jIvana kA pratiphala kahA jA sakatA hai / AdhyAtmika vyaktitva : nispRhatA kriyA-kalApoM ke AdhAra para vyakti ke vyaktitva kA Akalana kiyA jAtA hai / mahAtmA gAMdhI eka rUpa meM gRhastha saMnyAsI the / AcArya mahAprajJa pa~camahAvratadhArI saMnyAsI haiM / mahAtmA gAMdhI prathama dRSTayA bhale hI rAjanItika netA the, para unakA antaHkaraNa adhyAtma se bhIgA huA thA / karuNA- prema, satyaahiMsA, mAnavatA usake sphuliMga the / ahiMsA kA karmayoga hI unakA jIvana caritra bana gyaa| vicAra, vANI evaM vyavahAra kI ekatA unakA jIvana darzana bnii| svecchA se apanAI huI garIbI, sAdagI, vinamratA aura sAdhutA se ve asAdhAraNa kahalAye / kArla hItha ke zabdoM meM ve 'satya evaM mAnavatAvAdI' the|"" gAMdhI ke lokapriya AdhyAtmika vyaktitva meM abhAvagrasta - daridra nArAyaNa kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna dekhA gayA / Ama janatA ke sAtha ekAkAra dekhakara 'ravIndranAtha Taigora' ne unheM 'mahAtmA' kahA thaa| jaoNna henesa ne likhA- jaba maiM gAMdhI ke bAre meM socatA hU~, maiM IsA masIha ke bAre meM socatA huuN| vo (gAMdhI) usake jIvana ko jItA hai, unake zabdoM ko bolatA hai, usI taraha se kaSTa sahA hai, zrama karatA hai aura eka dina dharatI para usakA sAmrAjya lAne ke liye zAnadAra tarIke se balidAna ho jAyegA / yaha unake AdhyAtmika jIvana kA nidarzana hai / 376 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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karuNA unake AdhyAtmika jIvana kA aMga thI / prANimAtra ke prati premabhAva unakA svabhAva bana gayA thaa| gAMdhI kI karuNA kitanI prANavAn thI, isakI puSTi meM eka udAharaNa hI paryApta hogA / campArana meM bali ke lie le jA rahe bakare kI jAnakArI pAkara gAMdhI usa julUsa meM sammilita ho gye| julUsa devI ke maMdira ke pAsa aayaa| gAMdhI ne pUchA- bakarI kisalie bali car3hAyI jA rahI hai? 'isalie ki devI prasanna hoN|' gAMdhI kA karuNa hRdaya bola uThA 'bakare se AdamI zreSTha hai| manuSya kI bali dene se devI adhika prasanna hogii| apane ko bali karane koI AdamI taiyAra hai? nahIM to maiM taiyAra hU~ / ' saba kI jubAna baMda ho gii| gAMdhI bole : gUMge jAnavara se kyA devI prasanna hotI hai ? yadi vaha prasanna hotI ho to apanA adhika mUlyavAn rakta do| vaha kyoM nahIM dete? yaha to dhokhA hai, adharma hai / Apa hameM dharma samajhAyeM / ' usa bakarI ko jIvana dAna milaa| Aja yaha jagadambA Apa logoM para jitanI prasanna huI hogI, utanI isase pahale kabhI na huI hogii|" saba loga lauTa gaye / yaha udAharaNa gAMdhI ke karuNApUrita hRdaya se upaje satya ko prastuta karatA hai / unakI adhyAtma cetanA meM dveSabhAva kA sthAna nahIM thA / prema aura maitrI kA vikAsa unake jIvana meM isa sImA taka thA ki viSaile sarpa bhI unakI dRSTi meM vadhya nahIM the| 1917 kA prasaMga hai / Azrama meM prArthanA ke samaya eka kAlA sarpa pIche se gAMdhI kI pITha para car3hakara kaMdhe taka A gyaa| logoM dvArA sAvadhAna karane para gAMdhI ne haMsakara kahA 'yaha to apane Apa hI calA jAegA yA isake dvArA hI merI mRtyu likhI hogI to koI cintA kI bAta nahIM hai |.......agr isa sA~pa ne mujhe kATA to maiM sabase yahI kahU~gA ki kama se kama ise mAro mt|' thor3I dera bAda vaha sA~pa apane Apa cala gyaa|7 yaha ghaTanA unakI adhyAtmika sAdhanA kA sabUta hai / apanA aniSTa karane vAle ke prati bhI ahiMsAtmaka vicAra the / rAjanaitika jIvana meM nispRhatA unake vyaktitva kA abhinna aMga banI rhii| padalipsA aura sattA se mukta rahane kI manovRtti nispRha bhAva kI dyotaka hai| presa sammelana meM eka patrakAra ne bApU se pUchA, 'kyA Apa svataMtra bhArata kI sarakAra ke pradhAnamaMtrI hogeM ?' bApU ne uttara diyA 'nahIM, yaha pada yuvakoM ke lie surakSita hogA / ' 15 agasta, 1947 ko sattA ke hastAMtaraNa kA utsava rAjasI ThAThabATa se manAne kA phaisalA kiyA gayA thA, lekina gAMdhI gAje-bAje ke jarA bhI pakSa meM nahIM the| jisa dina ke lie ve jIvana-bhara parizrama karate rahe the, usake Agamana para unake mana meM koI umaMga nahIM thI / yaha unakI nispRhatA, sahajatA kA nidarzana hai / AcArya mahAprajJa eka mahAn AdhyAtmika saMta the| unake jIvana kA hara pahalU tyAga-vairAgya se paripUrNa thA / use vyAkhyAyita karane kI apekSA nahIM hai| mahAprajJa ke bhItara karuNA kA jo ajastra srota thA, usane unake AdhyAtmika jIvana ko pUrNatA pradAna kI / vaicArika Atma maMthana ke kSaNoM meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA- 'maiM ise nisarga hI mAnatA hU~ ki mere mana meM krUratA kI apekSA karuNA adhika pravAhita hai|' koI bhI vyakti apane meM krUratA na hone kA dAvA nahIM kara sakatA / karuNA aura krUratA donoM dhArAe~ hara vyakti meM pravAhita hotI rahatI haiM- koI bar3I aura koI choTI / asamartha varga ke prati samartha varga ke atikramaNoM kI carcA jaba jaba sunatA hU~, taba-taba mana karuNA se bhara jAta hai / isa kathana se prakaTa hotA hai ki adhyAtma kA sAra karuNA hai / mahAprajJa ke jIvana meM isakA paryApta vikAsa dekhA gayA hai| abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 377

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mahAprajJa ke jIvana meM daivika guNoM kA apUrva yoga thA jinameM prANImAtra ke prati maitrIbhAva, padArtha apratibaddha cetanA, daihika nirmamatva jaisI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha nispRhatA aura karuNA kA maulika vikAsa dekhA gayA hai| dIna duHkhiyoM kI pIr3A unake dila ko kaMpAdetI thI, ve bhItara taka udvelita ho utthte| karuNAdra prasaMgoM para unakI TippaNI hotI-'padayAtrA ke daurAna una logoM ko dekhA jo svataMtra deza ke nAgarika hone ke bAvajUda abhAva kI jindagI jIte haiN| unakA sArA samaya aura sArA zrama do samaya kI roTI ke jagADa meM hI bIta jAtA hai| vaha bhI pUrI nahIM milatI hai| unheM aura unake baccoM ko kabhI-kabhI bhUkhe hI sonA par3atA hai| hamane (mahAprajJa) unase pUchA kI do samaya kA bhojana bhI nahIM mila pAtA to usa samaya Apa kyA karate ho? unhoMne kahA-'mahArAja, basa aise hI DAMTakara, mArakara yA pucakArakara sulA dete haiN|'69 aise aneka prasaMga unake sanmukha Ate rahe haiN| mahAprajJa ne batAyA do dina se eka AdamI mere pAsa bAra-bAra A rahA haiM, kala bhI AyA thaa| batAtA hai ki bahuta garIba hU~ ghara meM kucha nahIM hai patnI bImAra hai, hama kyA kareM? isa taraha ke kitane hI prasaMga Ate haiN| ahiMsA yAtrA meM hama kisI gA~va meM jAte, loga gA~va se nikalakara sar3akoM para A jaate| sabakI eka hI samasyA 'mahArAja gA~va meM pAnI nhiiN|' phira Age kI samasyA batAte-'mahArAja! khAne ko ghara meM eka dAnA nahIM haiN| rahane ko TUTI-phUTI jhoMpar3I hai| Apake pAsa to sarakAra ke loga bhI Ate haiN| Apa unase kaheM ki hama garIboM kI samasyA suljhaaeN|' 'mere mana meM AyA kisase kahU~? kauna hai uttaradAyI? kauna legA isa samasyA ko sulajhAne kI jimmedArI?.....samAdhAna kaise hogA?.....bhUkha kI samasyA, roTI kI samasyA ke prati jo eka svastha Arthika nIti honI cAhie, vaha nahIM hai| yaha bhUkha kI samasyA bahuta vikarAla hai aura Ane vAle dazakoM meM kyA hogA, kahA nahIM jA sktaa| udyoga jagata aura sarakArI taMtra ko isa samasyA para vicAra karanA caahie|'70 isa maMtavya ke saMdarbha meM jAna sakate haiM ki mahAprajJa ke bhItara karuNA kA kaisA pravAha thaa| saMnyasta jIvana kI maryAdA meM jitanA saMbhava hotA upayukta mArga-darzana bhI krte| jaba AcArya tulasI ne mahAprajJa ko yuvAcArya pada para niyukta kiyA usa samaya unhoMne vinamra nivedana kiyA-'yadi Apa mujhe padavI se mukti deM, to mujhe prajJA kI sAdhanA karanI hai|' yaha thI unakI pada ke prati anaaskti| unako upAdhi kI paravAha nahIM kii| nirUpAdhika cetanA ke saMvAhaka mahAprajJa kA mana sarala bAlaka kI taraha nizchala, niSkapaTa thaa| pravaMcanAoM aura prapaMca se bace rahane kI unakI sahaja buddhi thii| saralatA unakI apanI pahacAna bniiN| dainika vizvamitra (kolakAtA) ke saMpAdaka kRSNacandra agravAla ke zabdoM meM-mahAprajJa nirabhimAna haiM, sarala svabhAva ke 'sarvajana hitAya, savarjana sukhAya' manISI haiM jo bar3e vidvAnoM meM kama hote haiN| ve eka apar3ha zrAvaka se usI kI bhASA-bhAvanA se vArtAlApa kara sakate haiM jisa saralatA ke sAtha vizva ke prasiddha dharma-guru dalAI lAmA ke saath| kathana meM mahAprajJa kI naisargika sahajatA kA nidarzana hai jo unakI ahiMsaka cetanA kA nirjhara thii| mahAprajJa ke bhItara karuNA kA ajasra srota pravahamAna thaa| apanI maryAdAoM ke bhItara rahakara ve hara saMbhava prayatna dIna dukhiyoM ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane meM karate rahe haiN| jaba-jaba abhAvagrasta logoM ko dekhate unakA hRdaya karuNAdra bana jaataa| dUsaroM ke kaSTa kAraka choTe-choTe prasaMga unako bhItara taka kaMpita kara dete| usakA eka choTA sA udAharaNa upayukta hogA-'jaba kabhI pravacana meM bahuta derI ho jAtI hai taba (mahAprajJa) socatA hU~-sAdhu bhikSA ke lie jAte haiM, paira jalate haiN| mana meM kampana hotA hai ki unheM kaSTa diyA jA rahA hai| samaya kI sImA prAyaH rakhI jAtI hai para yadA-kadA hone vAlA vilamba mahAprajJa ke karuNAdra mAnasa ko kacoTane laga jaataa| 378 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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mahAprajJa kA yaha mAnanA thA ki hama karuNA kI sarvocca avasthA para na jA sakeM to kama se kama itanI saMvedanazIlatA jarUrI hai ki asamartha, asahAya vyakti ke prati hamArI sahAnubhUti ho, saMvadenazIlatA ho| yaha anubhava kareM ki yaha kaSTa bhoga rahA hai, hama usa kaSTa ko apane para to nahIM le sakate, para usake upacAra meM sahAyaka jarUra bana sakate haiN| yaha saMvedanazIlatA hI samAja kI svasthatA ko kAyama rakhatI hai| kabhI kucha pAne yA padalipsA kI cAha nahIM jgaaii| akartRtva bhAva se saba kucha karate hue bhI mahAprajJa akartA bane rahe haiN| tathyataH gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa kA AdhyAtmika vyaktitva apane ApameM svasthAnIya paripUrNa thaa| jisakI kIrti pUre jagat meM pasarI hai| ahiMsA kI zakti ahiMsA kI zakti ko gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa samAna rUpa se svIkArate the| unakA mAnanA thA ki isa zakti se hara asaMbhava ko saMbhava banAyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA eka aisA zAzvata mUlya hai jisa para anekoM ne cala kara apane svarUpa ko prApta kiyA hai| ahiMsaka AcaraNa meM aneka samasyAoM ko samAhita karane kI aura duHkhoM ke anta kI kSamatA hai| isa vizAla sAmarthya ke kAraNa gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ko pracaNDa zakti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA-'maiM to ahiMsA ko jagata kI mahA-pracaNDa zakti samajhatA huuN|' yAni ahiMsA kI zakti kA koI mApa nahIM hai| unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsA eka sarvazreSTha zakti hai| prastuti dI-merI ahiMsA sakhta cIja kI banI huI hai| vaijJAnikoM ko sabase majabUta jisa dhAtu kA patA hogA usase bhI yaha jyAdA majabUta hai| itane para bhI mujhe khedapUrvaka isa bAta kA jJAna hai ki hameM abhI isakI asalI tAkata prApta nahIM huI hai| agara vaha prApta ho gayI hotI, to saMsAra meM hiMsA kI jina aneka ghaTanAoM ko maiM asahAya rUpa meM roja dekhA karatA hU~ unase nipaTane kA rAstA bhagavAn mujhe sujhA detaa| gAMdhI kA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA 'ahiMsA aura zAyada akelI ahiMsA hI viSa ko amRta meM badalane kI zakti rakhatI hai| bahuta se loga yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki Aja ke cAroM aura phaile viSa ko amRta meM badalane kA eka mAtra mArga ahiMsA hI hai kintu unameM isa svarNima mArga ko apanAne kA sAhasa nahIM hai| maiM DaMke kI coTa se kaha sakatA hU~ ki ahiMsA kabhI asaphala nahIM rhii| loga bezaka ahiMsA kI UMcAI taka nahIM pahuMca ske|' yaha unakA Akalana thaa| ahiMsA meM tIvra kAryasAdhaka zakti bharI huI hai| isameM jo amogha zakti hai usakI abhI pUrI khoja nahIM huI hai| 'ahiMsA ke samIpa sAre vairadveSa zAMta ho jAte haiM, yaha sUtra zAstroM kA pralApa nahIM hai balki, RSi kA anubhava-vAkya hai| jAne-anajAne, prakRti kI preraNA se, saba prANiyoM ne eka-dUsare ke lie kaSTa uThAne kA dharma pahacAnA hai aura usake AcaraNa dvArA saMsAra ko nibhAyA hai| tathApi isa zakti kA saMpUrNa vikAsa aura saba kAryoM aura prasaMgoM meM isake prayoga ke mArga kA abhI jJAnapUrvaka zodhana-saMgaThana nahIM huA hai| hiMsA ke mArgoM ke zodhana aura saMgaThana karane kA manuSya ne jitanA dIrgha udyoga kiyA hai aura usakA bahuta aMzoM meM zAstra banA DAlane meM saphalatA pAI hai, utanA yadi ahiMsA kI zakti ke zodhana aura saMgaThana ke lie kare to manuSya jAti ke duHkhoM ke nivAraNArtha yaha eka anamola acUka aura pariNAma meM ubhaya pakSa kA kalyANa karane vAlA sAdhana siddha hogaa| spaSTatayA abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 379

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gAMdhI ahiMsA kI zakti se pUre vizvasta the| para unhoMne yaha svIkArA ki abhI isa zakti kI khoja adhUrI ho pAI hai, pUrNatA kA pariNAma apUrva hogaa| ____ ahiMsA kI zakti ko gAMdhI ne vibhinna saMdoM meM paayaa| usakA eka saMdarbha thA prema kA vistaar| prema aura ahiMsA unakI dRSTi meM eka hI the| jisa taraha ki gurutvAkarSaNa kA niyama hama cAhe mAne yA na mAneM apanA kAma kregaa| jisa prakAra eka vaijJAnika prAkRtika niyamoM ke prayoga dvArA Azcaryajanaka bAteM paidA karatA hai usI taraha yadi koI vyakti prema kA vaijJAnika yathArthatA ke sAtha prayoga kare to vaha isase adhika Azcaryajanaka bAteM paidA kara skegaa| kyoMki ahiMsA kI zakti-prAkRtika zaktiyoMudAharaNArtha bijalI Adi se kahIM adhika anaMta, Azcaryajanaka aura sUkSma hai| jisa vyakti ne hamAre lie prema ke niyama athavA kAnUna kI khoja kI, vaha Ajakala ke kisI bhI vaijJAnika se kahIM adhika bar3A vaijJAnika thaa| kevala hamArI zodha abhI taka jitanI cAhie utanI nahIM huI hai aura isalie pratyeka ke lie usake pariNAma dekha sakanA saMbhava nahIM hai| kucha bhI ho, yaha usakI eka vizeSatA hai. jisake aMtargata maiM prayatna kara rahA hai| prema ke isa kAnana ke lie maiM jitanA adhika prayatna karatA hUM, utanA hI adhika mujhe jIvana meM AnaMda-isa sRSTi kI yojanA meM AnaMda anubhava hotA hai| isase mujhe zAMti milatI hai aura prakRti ke rahasyoM kA artha jAna pAtA hU~, jinakA varNana karane kI mujhameM zakti nahIM hai| ye udgAra gAMdhI ne yUropa kI bhUmi mArselsa ke vidyArthiyoM ke bIca kahe the| isa ciMtana meM gahana anubhUti kA Aloka hai| AjAdI prApti ke silasile meM gAMdhI ne aneka kaSTa jeloM aura videziyoM ke bIca she| isa kaSTa sahiSNu manaHsthiti ke pIche ahiMsA kA bala thaa| unake kArya karane kI zakti ko dekhakara aneka loga unase yaha jAnane ko utsuka hote ki itane dubale-patale zarIra meM kArya karane kI aura kaSTa sahana karane kI itanI kSamatA kahA~ se AyI? unhoMne batAyA- 'ahiMsA ke atirikta mujha meM anya koI zakti nahIM hai| mujha meM jo zakti hai, vaha ahiMsA kI hI zakti hai|' apane lAkhoM anugAmiyoM se bhI yahI kahA-hameM yaha siddha kara dikhAnA hai ki saMsAra meM ahiMsA se bar3hakara tejasvinI koI zakti hai hI nhiiN| yaha ujAgara hotA hai ki bApU ne ahiMsA kI zakti ko kisa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA thaa| gAMdhI kI bhAMti mahAprajJa ahiMsA kI zakti ke prati pUrNa Azvastha the| unakA yaha mAnanA thA ki ahiMsaka zakti ke sahAre hara asaMbhava ko saMbhava banAyA jA sakatA hai para zarta eka hI hai usakA niSThA ke sAtha anuzIlana kiyA jaaye| ___ ahiMsA kI adRzya zakti meM mahAprajJa kA pUrA vizvAsa thaa| isa vizvAsa kA AdhAra rahA hai vItarAga vcn| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-'ahiMsA saba jIvoM kA kalyANa karane vAlI hai| jaise bhUkhe ke lie bhojana, pyAse ke lie jala aura pakSI ke lie AkAza sahArA hai, vaise hI ahiMsA sabake lie sahArA hai|' yaha satya kA nidarzana hai| vibhinna naitika mUlya dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva sApekSa hita saMpAdaka banate haiM vahIM ahiMsA nirapekSa rUpa se sarvatra-sarvadA sabakA kalyANa karane vAlI amiTa zakti hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ahiMsA meM vyApaka zAMti sthApanA kI zakti dekhate the para ve bAdhaka tattvoM ko bhI svIkArate rahe haiN| unakA spaSTa kathana thA ki ahiMsA eka pArasamaNi hai jisake dvArA lohe ko sonA banAyA jA sakatA hai| isake dvArA samAja meM zAMti kI aura amana caina kI sthApanA kI jA sakatI hai| jo sone ke dvArA nahIM kI jA sakatI, usa zAMti kI sthApanA ahiMsA ke dvArA kI jA 380 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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sakatI hai| isa saccAI ko hama jAnate haiM ki usa pArasamaNi ko jAnate hue bhI ve sonA nahIM banA rahe haiN| ahiMsA kI zakti ko mahAprajJa kisa rUpa meM dekha rahe the samajhA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne yathArtha mUlyAMkana ke lie dhyAna ko zaktizAlI sAdhana btaayaa| ahiMsA kA vikAsa karane ke lie, apane Apako jAnane ke lie, prANImAtra kI samAnatA ko samajhane ke lie, prANI mAtra ke prati ahiMsA ke sUtra kA, saMvedanA ke sUtra kA vikAsa karane ke lie dhyAna kA prayoga mahattvapUrNa hai| ahiMsA kI zakti asImita hai, apekSA hai usakA eka zaktizAlI astra ke rUpa meM prayukta karane kii| unakA spaSTa abhimata thA ki rASTra nirmANa meM ahiMsA ke maulika svarUpa ko apanAyA jaaye| prAyogika rUpa se mUla ikAI vyakti ko mAnA jaaye| unake zabdoM meM 'vyakti-vyakti ke caritra nirmANa se hI rASTra nirmANa saMbhava hogaa| bhAvAtmaka vikAsa ke binA caritra nirmANa nahIM hotA tathA caritra ke binA rASTra bhakti TikatI nahIM hai|' rASTra ke vaphAdAra nAgarikoM kA caritra ahiMsA niSTha hogA tabhI ve sacce-neka rASTrabhakta bana sakate haiN| ahiMsA eka zakti hai jisameM chipA hai-vizvAsa / isa vizvAsa ke sahAre vyakti khuzahAla jindagI jI sakatA hai| apane mana ko nirmala banA sakatA hai| vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa kara sakatA hai| jIvana ko zAMti se calAne ke lie ahiMsA kI zakti kA vikAsa apekSita hai| 'ahiMsA kI zakti kA anubhava hara vyakti ko ho sakatA hai|" kara vahI sakatA hai jisane ahiMsA ko jIvana meM samyak rUpeNa pratiSThita kiyA hai, vyavahAra ke dharAtala para jIyA hai| ahiMsA kI zakti asIma hai, para aba taka usa zakti kA sahI upayoga nahIM ho paayaa| isakA samucita prayoga hI zakti kA saMvAhaka hai| saMyama kA AcaraNa donoM manISiyoM ke bhItara saMyama kI cetanA kA paryApta vikAsa huaa| yadyapi AMzika aura pUrNa saMyama kI dRSTi se antara hai| para jahA~ taka saMyamI vRtti kA prazna hai samAna rUpa se usakI vidyamAnatA dekhI jAtI hai| saMyama kI cetanA vyakti ko AMtarika sauMdarya pradAna karatI hai| yaha gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa ke jIvana meM akSarazaH lAgU hotA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ke bAre meM eka vicAraka ne likhA 'maiMne duniyA meM itane bhadde AdamI meM itanA sauMdarya nahIM dekhaa|' isa kathana se mela khAtA mahAprajJa kA kathana-mahAtmA gAMdhI kA vajana kevala sau pAuMDa thaa| zarIra haDDiyoM kA DhAMcA mAtra thaa| kintu unakA sauMdarya itanA prabhAvaka thA ki vizva ke baDe-baDe vyakti unake pIche phirate the| unake sAtha pA~ca-dasa minaTa baiThakara. unase bAtacIta kara apane Apako dhanya mAnate the| isa vizAla sauMdarya kA kAraNa kyA thA? usakA ekamAtra kAraNa thaa-sNym| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne itanA kaThora saMyama sAdhA, saMyamamaya jIvana vyatIta kiyA pratyeka vyakti unake sAtha rahane ko lalacAtA thA aura unase bAta kara apane Apako gauravAnvita mAnatA thaa| yaha unakI saMyamI vRtti kA prabhAva thaa| ___AcArya mahAprajJa kA bAhya sauMdarya bhI bahuta AkarSaka nahIM thA, para AMtarika sauMdarya ke kAraNa koI unake sAmane se uThane kI icchA nahIM krtaa| ve mahattvapUrNa se mahattvapUrNa evaM samAnya se sAmAnya vyakti ko apanI ora AkRSTa karate the| deza ke prathama nAgarika rASTrapati DaoN. e.pI.je. abdula kalAma AcArya mahAprajJa ke antaHsauMdarya se abhibhUta haiN| unake dvArA nikale ye bola isake sabUta hai-'AcArya mahAprajJa sampradAya se Upara haiN| sAmpradAyika sadbhAva bhAIcArA mela milApa kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa AcArya mahAprajJa jisa kazalatA se kara rahe haiM utanA dUsare nahIM kara skte| isalie deza ko AcArya abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 381

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mahAprajJa jaise saMtoM kI bahuta apekSA hai| Apa jaise mahAnubhAvoM ke sahayoga se hI deza kA sahI nirmANa ho skegaa| maiM isa kArya meM ApakA pUrNa sahayogI bnuuNgaa|' eka vaijJAnika ke dvArA AcArya mahAprajJa ke bAbata yaha TippaNI apanA mUlya rakhatI hai para unakA vyaktitva isase uparata akalpya thaa| divya kalanAoM se sarjita vyaktitva meM jAduI AkarSaNa thaa| saMyama kI parimala hara ghaTaka ko vAsita karatI rhii| ve jisa mArga se gujarate usakA kAyA palaTa ho jaataa| ve jisa gA~va, zahara meM pahu~ce vahA~ ke vAtAvaraNa meM apUrva parivartana ghaTita huA hai| aise anagina parivartana ke sAkSI bhUta prasaMga hai| hAla hI meM ghaTita eka kA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| mer3atA siTI meM nAgaura jilAdhIza zrI madhukara guptA ne jile ke aneka variSTha prazAsanika adhikAriyoM ke sAtha darzana kara alpakAlIna pravAsa ke vyApaka pariNAmoM kA nivedana kiyA-AcArya jI! ina dinoM meM maiM jile ke aneka gA~voM aura zaharoM me gyaa| sarvatra sadbhAva, samanvaya aura utsAha kA vAtAvaraNa dekhaa| ___Apake pravAsa kI sarvatra sakArAtmaka pratikriyA dekhane ko milii| yadi nAgaura jile meM ApakA dIrghakAlIna paribhramaNa aura pravAsa hotA to eka Adarza jile ke rUpa meM apanI pahacAna banA letaa| ApakA ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA upakrama acchA hai| yaha kathana mahAprajJa ke AdhyAtmika sauMdarya kA paricAyaka hai jisameM asIma kSamatAoM kA pravAha parilakSita huA hai| saMyama ke prati gAMdhI kA Adara bhAva prANavAna thaa| aisA ahasAsa unake zabdoM se hotA hai| 'saMyama kA svAgata duniyA ke tamAma zAstra karate haiN| samakoNa saba jagaha eka hI prakAra kA hotA haiN| dUsare koNa agaNita hai| ahiMsA aura satya ye saba dharmoM ke samakoNa haiN| jo AcAra isa kasauTI para na utare vaha tyAjya haiN|'80 prakaTa rUpa se gAMdhI saMyama ko ahiMsA aura satya kI kasauTI para kasakara jIvana meM utArane ke pakSadhara the| saMyama cetanA ko saMpuSTa karane ke lie gAMdhI ne choTI-choTI bAtoM para apanA dhyAna kendrita kiyaa| isa tathya kI prastuti mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM-eka bhAI AyA Azrama kA aura dAMtUna tor3akara laayaa| gAMdhI ne kahA- 'are! itanA kyoM tor3A? tumane phAlatU tor3a liyaa| thor3e se hI tumhArA kAma cala sakatA thaa| TahanI ko jyAdA tor3a liyaa|' prazna TahanI kA nahIM, prazna phAlatU apavyaya kA thaa| aisA hI dUsarA prasaMga jo pramatta cetanA kA pratikAra karatA hai| eka vyakti AyA aura khaTiyA ko aise hI sarakA diyaa| gAMdhI ne kahA ki tumane khaTiyA sarakAI, dekhA hI nahIM ki koI jIva-jantu / kitanI choTI bAta ki jahA~ calate samaya AdamI baiThe hae ko kacalakara calA jAtA hai aura dhyAna nahIM detA vahA~ khaTiyA ko sarakAne meM jIva-jantu kA dhyAna diyA jaae| jAhira hai gAMdhI ke bhItara apavyaya, pramAda se uparata apramatta cetanA kA vikAsa kitanA prakhara thaa| saMyama cetanA kI badaulata unhoMne apane jIvana kI sabhI kriyAoM ko sImita aura sAdagI pUrNa bnaayaa| gAMdhI kI dainika jIvana caryA meM vyavahAra meM saMyama kI saMpaTa thii| sabaha maMha dhone ke bAda daMtuna dhokara jalAne ke lie gAMdhI sUkhane ko sambhAlakara eka tarapha rakha dete| hAtha dhone ke lie pAnI bhI jarUrata se adhika koI bhUla se girAtA to ve kahate, 'sAbaramatI ke sAre pAnI ke mAlika hama hI nahIM, aura loga bhI haiN|' sArvajanika dhana ke upayoga meM pAI-pAI kA kharca viveka pUrvaka ho isake lie bar3e sajaga the| isakI puSTi manu bahana ke prazna uttara meM dekhI jAtI hai| manu ne eka bAra pUchA 'bApU, Apa gyAraha baje sote haiM aura tIna baje uTha jAte haiM, phira lAlaTena kyoM bujhA dete haiM?' bApU kA uttara thA 'terA bApa kamAtA hai ki merA bApa kamAtA hai? yaha janatA kA paisA hai| use isa 382 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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taraha kharca karane kA hameM kyA adhikAra hai ? 82 uttara kI bhASA se jAna sakate hai ki gAMdhI ke bhItara apavyaya mukta-saMyamI cetanA kA adbhuta vikAsa thA / unakI pratyeka kriyA meM saMyama - sAdagI kI spaSTa jhalaka jIvana ke uttarArdha meM dekhI gayI / AcArya mahAprajJa ne akhaMDa rUpeNa saMyama kI sAdhanA ko jIvana kA vrata banAyA thA / ahiMsA aura saMyama ko samanvita prastuti dI / 'ahiMsA kA vyApaka svarUpa hai- saMyama kI cetanA kA nirmANa / ' jaba taka saMyama kI cetanA kA vikAsa nahIM hogA ahiMsA kI sAdhanA adhUrI rhegii| yadi ahiMsA kA saghana vikAsa karanA hai to saMyamamaya jIvana zailI ko apanAnA hogaa| jitanA - jitanA Atma niyaMtraNa hogA, saMyama hogA ahiMsA kI cetanA prasphurita hotI jAyegI / saMyama ke purodhA AcArya mahAprajJa ne jana-jana kI saMyama cetanA jagAne evaM Adhunika saMdarbha meM prastuti dene meM ahama bhUmikA nibhAI hai| saMyama kA artha hai-usa vyaktitva kA vikAsa, jo bAhya se nirapekSa hokara apane-ApameM paripUrNa, saMtuSTa aura paritRpta hai| saMyama kA artha hai- usa vyaktitva kA vinAza, jo bAhya se adhika sambandha hokara apane-Apa meM apUrNa, asaMtuSTa aura atRpta rahatA hai / mahAprajJa ne isa saccAI ko jIyA hai| unakI padArthAkarSaNa mukta saMyama cetanA kA eka udAharaNa paryApta hogA - eka bhAI bahuta bar3hiyA ghar3I lekara AyA / mahAprajJa se bolA- 'mahArAja ise rakha leN|' 'unhoMne kahA- nhiiN|' usane kahA- 'kyoM?' mahAprajJa kA uttara thA - 'sAdharaNa ghar3I hai to koI ciMtA nahIM rhtii| koI use uThAkara le bhI nahIM jaataa| kImatI ghar3I hai to usako saMbhAla kara rakhanA par3egA, sAvadhAnI rakhanI par3egI ki koI uThAkara na le jaae| eka bhaya kA bhAra sira para aura A jAtA hai| 83 unakI soca meM bar3hiyA cIja sAdhu ko lenI hI nahIM cAhie |......saadhaarnn cIja kI to nahIM, kiMtu koI viziSTa, bar3hiyA cIja AI, vaha cAhe ghar3I ho, kapar3A ho, paina ho, kucha bhI ho, bar3hiyA nAma meM hI khatarA hai / vaha bhaya ko mola lene jaisA hai / kathana meM utkRSTa saMyama cetanA kI spaSTa jhalaka hai| saMyama kI zakti vizva zAMti kA niyAmaka tattva / isa ora duniyA~ kA dhyAna kendrita karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA- hama saMyama ke dvArA vizvazAMti kI sthApanA karanA cAhate haiM / kevala carcA, bhASaNa, vicAra aura cintana se vizva meM zAMti kA sapanA sAkAra nahIM hogaa| jaba taka Ama janatA meM, vizva ke nAgarikoM meM yaha saMyama kI AsthA paidA nahIM hogI, taba taka vizva zAMti ke lie hone vAlI carcAeM aura prayatna vyartha hoNge| Azaya rUpa vizva zAMti ke lie asaMyama upabhoktAvAda kI vRtti kA pariSkAra evaM saMyama kI cetanA kA vikAsa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / manISiyoM ne ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM saMyama ke vikAsa ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai / apane jIvana meM usako ucita sthAna dekara udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| sAdhya-sAdhanazuddhi sAdhya-sAdhana zuddhi para gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ne samAna rUpa se bala diyA / rAjanIti ke kSetra meM sAdhana zuddhi para bala dene vAle gAMdhI apanI koTi ke akele netA the / bhAratIya svataMtratA ke saMdarbha meM- 'maiMne bhArata kI AjAdI ke lie jIvana bhara koziza kI hai, lekina yadi ise sirpha hiMsA dvArA hI pAyA jA sakatA hai to maiM ise pAnA nahIM cAhU~gA / svAdhInatA prApta karane ke sAdhana utane hI mahattvapUrNa haiM, jitanA kI svayaM sAdhya / ' kathana kI puSTi meM kahA 'yadi bhArata hiMsA ke siddhAMtoM ko apanAtA hai to vaha asthAyI vijaya bhale hI prApta kara le, lekina taba vaha mere hRdaya kA garva nahIM rahegA / merA abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 383

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pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki bhArata ko duniyA lie eka saMdeza denA hai| lekina yadi bhArata ne hiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM ko apanAyA to yaha parIkSA kA samaya hogaa| merA jIvana ahiMsA dharma dvArA bhArata kI sevA ke lie samarpita hai|"" prastuta abhimata meM sAdhana zuddhi kA svara mukhara hai| ahiMsaka sAdhanoM se hI svarAjya prApta ho yaha gAMdhI kI hArdika bhAvanA thI / dRr3ha svara thA - svarAjya prApti karane ke sAdhanoM kA zuddha ahiMsAtmaka honA Avazyaka hai / bhArata yadi hiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM ko grahaNa karale to maiM jo dilacaspI bhAratIya svarAjya meM le rahA hU~, banda ho jaay| kyoMki usa sAdhana kA phala svataMtratA nahIM, balki svataMtratA ke parde meM gulAmI hogii| abhI taka hama jo svataMtratA na prApta kara sake usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki hama vicAra, vANI aura AcAra meM ahiMsAniSTha nahIM rahe haiN| hA~, yaha bAta saca hai ki ahiMsA ko hamane dharma ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA-vyavahAranIti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| hama jAnate haiM ki bhArata varSa ko dUsare kisI sAdhana se svarAjya nahIM mila sakatA, kintu isake kAraNa hamArI vyavahAranIti meM pAkhaNDa ko sthAna nahIM mila sakatA aura na milanA hI cAhie | ahiMsA kA svAMga banAkara hama hiMsA ko Azraya nahIM de skte| eka sAdhya ke lie, eka niyatakAla taka ahiMsAniSTha hone kA hama dAvA karate haiM / " spaSTatayA sAdhya prApti hetu sAdhana zuddhi kA siddhAMta prakaTa huA hai 1 gAMdhI ne sAdhya meM bIja - vRkSa kA saMbaMdha batalAyA / sAdhana bIja hai aura sAdhya hAsila karane kI cIja - per3a hai / isalie jitanA sambandha bIja aura per3a ke bIca hai, utanA hI sAdhana aura sAdhya ke bIca hai / zaitAna ko bhajakara maiM Izvara - bhajana kA phala pAU~ yaha kabhI hI nahIM sktaa| isalie yaha kahanA ki hameM to Izvara ko hI bhajanA hai, sAdhana bhale zaitAna ho, bilkula ajJAna kI bAta hai / jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI / sAdhya kI upalabdhi meM sAdhana kI bhUmikA ko adhika spaSTa karate hue unakA kahanA thA- mujhe agara Apase ApakI ( vyakti se) ghar3I chIna lenI ho to bezaka Apake sAtha mujhe mAra-pITa karanI hogii| lekina agara mujhe ApakI ghar3I kharIdanI ho, to Apako dAma dene hoNge| agara mujhe bakhzIza ke taura para ApakI ghar3I lenI hogI, to mujhe Apase vinaya karanI hogI / ghar3I pAne ke lie maiM jo sAdhana kAma meM lU~gA, usake anusAra vaha corI kA mAla, merA mAla yA bakhzIza kI cIja hogii| tIna sAdhanoM ke tIna alaga pariNAma AyeMge / 7 mantavya se prakaTa hai ki sAdhya kI prApti meM sAdhana kA ananya yogadAna rahatA hai| sAdhana kI upekSA kara vAMchita sAdhya kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / jIvana meM sAdhanazuddhi ke siddhAMta ko apnaayaa| apane jIvana ke prasaMga kA ullekha kiyA- mere jIvana meM mujhe apane pratipakSiyoM ko golI se ur3A dene ke aura zahIdoM ke siMhAsana para baiThane ke kitane hI mauke mile the, parantu mere hRdaya ne unameM se kisI para golI jhAr3ane kA mArga svIkAra nahIM kiyA, kyoMki maiM nahIM cAhatA thA ki ve merA saMhAra kara DAleM, phira bhale hI mere sAdhanoM ko ve kitane hI nApasanda kyoM na karate hoN| maiM cAhatA thA ki ve mujhe merI galatI samajhA deM aura maiM unheM unakI galatI samajhAne kI koziza karatA thA, para isa sUtra kA sadaiva pAlana kiyA- 'AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret / 88 isa kathana se spaSTa hotA hai ki gAMdhI ne lakSya prApti se adhika mahattva lakSya sAdhaka kAraka ko diyaa| sAdhya-sAdhana zuddhi ke vicAroM ko sarala zabdoM meM rakhA jo manuSya bandUka dhAraNa karatA hai aura jo usakI sahAyatA karatA hai, donoM meM ahiMsA kI dRSTi se koI bheda nahIM dikhAI par3atA / jo AdamI 384 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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DAkuoM kI TolI meM usakI Avazyaka sevA karane, usakA bhAra uThAne, jaba vaha DAkA DAlatA hai, taba usakI caukIdArI karane, jaba vaha ghAyala ho to usakI sevA karane kA kAma karatA hai, vaha usa DakaitI ke lie utanA hI jimmedAra hai jitanA ki khuda ddaakuu| isa dRSTi se jo manuSya yuddha meM ghAyaloM kI sevA karatA hai, vaha yuddha ke doSoM se mukta nahIM raha sktaa| mahAprajJa ke sAdhya-sAdhana saMbaMdhI vicAra terApaMtha ke Adya praNetA AcArya bhikSu ke saiddhAMtika tathyoM ke vAhaka hone ke sAtha unameM maulikatA hai| sAdhya aura sAdhana kI ekatA ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kA abhimata rahA-AdhyAtmika jagat kA sAdhya hai AtmA kI pavitratA aura usakA sAdhana bhI vahI hai| AtmA kI apavitratA kabhI bhI Atmika pavitratA kA sAdhana nahIM bana sktii| pahale kSaNa kA sAdhana dUsare kSaNa meM sAdhya bana jAtA hai aura vahI usake agale caraNa kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai| pahale kSaNa kA jo sAdhya hai vaha agale kSaNa ke lie sAdhana hai| pavitratA hI sAdhya hai aura vahI sAdhana hai| sAdhya aura sAdhana kI ekatA ke paricAyaka ye vicAra zuddha sAdhya ke lie sAdhana kI zuddhi ko prakaTa karate haiN| sAdhya kI siddhi meM sAdhana ko gauNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne sAdhya-sAdhana kI mImAMsA ke mukhya AdhAra kA jikra kiyA-sAdhya aura sAdhana kI ekatA ke vicAra ko AcArya bhikSu ne jo saiddhAntika rUpa diyA, vaha unase pahale nahIM miltaa| zuddha sAdhya ke lie sAdhana bhI zuddha hone caahie| sAdhya-sAdhana saMbaMdhI apane vicAroM ko rakhate hue batAyA-nirvANa kA mukhya sAdhya hai-AdamI bdle| nirvANa kA artha hai AdamI kA bdlnaa| AdamI kI vRttiyoM kA bujha jaanaa| AdamI kI vRttiyoM kA zAnta ho jaanaa| hamAre sAmane sAdhya hai ki AdamI badale, AdamI kI vRttiyAM badale, dRSTikoNa badala, usakA caritra badale / yaha hamArA sAdhya hai| jaba hRdaya nahIM badalegA ve sAre kaise badaleMge? unako badalane kA ekamAtra koI sAdhana hai to vaha hai caitanya kA jaagrnn| jaba caitanya jAgatA hai hRdaya kA parivartana hotA hai, taba ye sArI bAteM badala jAtI hai| yaha kAma na bhaya se ho sakatA hai aura na balaprayoga se ho sakatA hai aura na Arthika pralobhana se ho sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM jaba sAdhana-zuddhi kA vicAra karate haiM to isa niSkarSa para pahuMcanA hotA hai ki ahiMsA kA sAdhana hiMsA nahIM ho sktii| bhaya hiMsA hai| bala prayoga bhI hiMsA hai| sattA kA pradarzana bhI hiMsA hai| Arthika pralobhana bhI hiMsA hai| dhana se dharma nahI ho sktaa| hiMsA se ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| isa maMtavya ke pariprekSya meM sAdhya kI siddhi meM sAdhana kI zuddhi anivArya hai| vimarzataH gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa donoM sAdhya kI siddhi meM sAdhana kI zuddhi ko svIkArate the| yadyapi donoM kA sAdhya-sAdhana saMbaMdhI ciMtana bhinna kSetroM ko prabhAvita karane para bhI apane-apane kSetra meM samAna rUpa se sAdhana zuddhi para bala detA rahA hai| prayoga dharmitA saiddhAMtika tathyoM ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko prAyogika dharAtala para pratiSThita karane meM manISiyoM ke prayatna bemisAla haiN| ahiMsA kI zakti se jana sAdhAraNa lAbhAnvita ho isa hetu prayogoM kI sArthakatA svataH pramANita hai| gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ko kevala nIti ke rUpa meM hI nahIM svIkArA apitu jIvana ke pratyeka kriyA-kalApa meM usako samarasa banAne kA prayatna kiyaa| phira cAhe prasaMga brahmacarya kI sAdhanA kA ho athavA AhAra saMyama kA ho| ahiMsaka cikitsA ke rUpa meM miTTI aura pAnI ke prayoga gAMdhI aksara kiyA karate the| kastUrabA ko svastha banAne ke nimitta svayaM AhAra saMyama kA prayoga-eka abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 385

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sAla ke lie dAla aura namaka kA tyAga kiyaa| itanA hI nahIM kisI bhI apriya ghaTanA ke ghaTane para gAMdhI prAyazcitta svarUpa nirAhAra upavAsa kiyA karate the| ahiMsaka cetanA ke vikAsa svarUpa gAMdhI ne aneka prayoga kiye jisameM dUdha kA parityAga bhI sammilita hai| sUkSma dRSTi se ve hara kriyA ko ahiMsaka paddhati se saMpAdita karane ke pakSadhara the| hara kSaNa ke sadupayoga kA smaraNa unakI ahiMsaka cetanA kA sabUta hai| sAmAnya rUpa se choTI-se-choTI bAta para bhI unakI najara TikI rhtii| yahA~ taka ki pAnI kA apavya na ho isa dRSTi se pAnI ke Drama ke pAsa eka takhtI lagavAI gyii| usa para likhA thA -AvazyakatA se adhika eka ba~da jala vyartha pheMkanA, 'aparigraha vrata' ke viruddha AcaraNa hogaa| AcaraNAtmaka pahalU se spaSTa hotA hai ki unakA ahiMsA dharma vizAla thaa| usameM satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha sabhI vratoM kA samAveza thaa| ina pramukha vratoM kI sAdhanA apane jIvana meM kii| jIvana ke vyaktigata vyAvahArika pakSa se lekara rAjanIti paryata ahiMsA ke prayogoM kI anaga~ja gAMdhI kI virala pahacAna thii| mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA ko jIvanavrata ke rUpa meM svIkArA ataH unake jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA meM ahiMsA kI chApa svAbhAvika rahI hai| mana-vacana-karma kI sUkSma ahiMsaka sAdhanA unake jIvana kA abhinna aMga bnii| ataH mahAprajJa ke jIvanagata ahiMsAniSTha prayogoM kA ullekha nAmamakina hai| para unakI prAyogika ahiMsA kA aMkana paramAnaMda kApar3iyA ke isa ullekha se kiyA jA sakatA hai- 'mere lekha meM kahIM-kahIM vyaMgya bhI hai, kaTUktiyA~ bhI haiM, kintu munizrI nathamalajI ne jo lekha likhA hai, usameM kevala samIkSA hai, na koI vyaMgya aura na koI kttuukti|' isase maiM bahuta prabhAvita huaa| yaha kathana mahAprajJa kI prAyogika ahiMsA kA pramANa hai, jo unake lekhana meM bhI jhalakatI rhii| mahAprajJa kA mAnanA thA ki jaba taka ahiMsA ko prAyogika saMdarbha nahIM milegA isake vAMchita pariNAma nahIM nikleNge| unhoMne balapUrvaka kahA ahiMsA kA kevala upadeza hI nahIM prayoga va prazikSaNa bhI jarUrI hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa mahAprajJa dvArA sajhAyA gayA aisA upakrama hai jo prayoktA kI ahiMsaka cetanA ko jagAtA hai| isakA AdhAra sUtra hai-hiMsA ke bIjoM ko prasupta banAkara ahiMsA ke bIjoM ko jAgRta krnaa| ahiMsA ke bIja vapana hetu ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA para na kevala bala diyA apitu isakI samagra prakriyA prastuta kara ise vyApakatA pradAna kii| hajAroM vyakti isa prazikSaNa se jaDe aura parivartana kI misAla kAyama kii| udAharaNa svarUpa-ahiMsA prazikSaNa se jhAbaA jile ke AdivAsiyoM ke jIvana meM eka mor3a AyA hai| jhArakhaMDa ke 35 chAtra ugra naksalavAdI gatividhiyoM se taMga Akara ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa lekara ahiMsA ke pracAra kArya se jur3a rahe haiN| ahiMsA prazikSaNa ko adhika vyApaka banAne hetu AcArya mahAprajJa ne saptavarSIya ahiMsA yAtrA kA abhiyAna calAkara jana-jana meM ahiMsA kI niSThA paidA karane kA sArthaka upakrama kiyA hai| mahAprajJa ne anubhava kiyA-'ahiMsA yAtrA kI jarUrata pUre rASTra aura vizva ko hai| Aja jisa prakAra hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai, usase pUrA rASTra ciMtita hai| yadi pUre rASTra meM ahiMsA kI yAtrA cale to pUrA rASTra phalaphUla sakatA hai| isa bar3hatI hiMsA meM bhAvI pIr3hI kA kalyANa kaise ho? usake lie ahiMsA yAtrA jarUrI hai| ahiMsA ko, dharma ko jaba taka jIvana kI vyAvahArika samasyAoM ke sAtha nahIM jor3eMge, taba taka dharma kevala kalpanA kI bAta, javAnI jamA kharca kI bAta rahegA, dharma kI sArI avadhAraNA ko hI badalanA hai| spaSTatayA mahAprajJa ahiMsA ko sAmAjika dharAtala para prAyogika rUpa meM pratiSThita karane 386 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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ke na kevala pakSadhara the apitu prayatnazIla bhI rahe haiN| isakI misAla hai unakI kRti 'kaise rahe parivAra ke sAtha' / jisameM dharma kI avadhAraNA ko nayA pariveza milA hai| tathAkathita dhArmika ke jIvana vyavahAra ne dhArmika mUlyoM kA hrAsa kiyA hai| jhagar3AlU prakRti, dhokhAdhar3I pUrNa vyavahAra ke calate vartamAna pIr3hI kA bar3hatA anAsthAbhAva, dharma ke prati upekSApUrNa dRSTi meM badalAva kI anivAryatA dekha AcArya mahAprajJa ne dharma aura dhArmika ke antaravirodha kA saTIka zabdoM meM citraNa kiyA hai| unakI soca meM dharma mAtra paraloka savArane kI prakriyA nahIM hai| isase vartamAna jIvana bhI AnaMdadAyI banatA hai| pArivArika saMbaMdhoM meM madhuratA parilakSita hotI hai| sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika dharAtala para naitikatA pUrNa vyavahAra hotA he| apekSA hai dharma ke sahI tattva ko jIvana meM apanAne kii| mahAprajJa ne batAyA kAlabaddha aura kSetrabaddha dharma kI sAdhanA se bhI vyApaka dharma hai jo caubIsa ghaMTe hotA hai| satyaniSThA, ImAnadArI, naitikatA, sadAcAra Adi aise hI vyApaka dharma haiN| jaba taka caubIsa ghaMTe vAlA vyApaka dharma hamAre jIvana meM nahIM utaratA taba taka samasyAe~ bhI banI rheNgii| svayaM ko dhArmika mAnane vAloM se mahAprajJa kA AhvAna thA-kasauTI karate rahanA cAhie ki dharma se hamArA vartamAna sudhara rahA hai| jIvana meM sakArAtmaka parivartana kitanA A rahA hai? vyavahAra meM kitanA badalAva A rahA hai? kasauTI na kareM aura jIvana bhara A~kha mUMdakara dharma karate raheM to isase kucha bhI nahIM hogaa| kolhU ke baila kI taraha eka hI gola ghere meM jIvana bhara cakkara lagAte jIvana bIta jAegA, pahu~ceMge kahIM nhiiN| na ghara ke raheMge na ghATa ke| na ihaloka sudharegA na prlok| prAyogika dharAtala para AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA prarUpita ahiMsA prazikSaNa evaM ahiMsA yAtrA aise upakrama haiM jinake jariye ahiMsA kA prAyogika rUpa adhika tejasvI aura kAryakArI banA hai| samAja meM ahiMsA ke vikAsa ke pariprekSya meM unakA abhimata hai ki vyaktigata jIvana aura sAmAjika jIvana meM ahiMsA kI pratiSThApanA ke lie bhAvanAtmaka tanAva se mukta honA hogaa| jaba taka bhAvanAtmaka tanAva hai taba taka hiMsA se sarvathA mukta honA asambhava lagatA hai| ataH tanAva mukti ke prayogoM kA anuzIlana kiyA jAye, yaha apekSita hai| isa apekSA kI pUrti meM mahAprajJa ne aneka ahiMsaka prayoga prastuta kiye haiN| manISiyoM ne ahiMsA ko vyakti, samAja aura rASTra vyApI banAne ke lie isake vyApaka prayoga prastuta kiye jo unakI prayogadharmA cetanA kA sabUta hai| sUkSma mImAMsA ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se hiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa kA ciMtana apane-apane kSetra meM samAna rUpa se kiyA hai| kArya kSetrIya bhinnatA ke bAvajUda sUkSmatA meM avagAhana manISiyoM kI pAradarzI prajJA kA pramANa hai| jIvana kI anivAryatA para satya ko dhUmila na karake yathArtha kA nidarzana ahiMsAniSTha cetanA kA sabUta hai| hiMsA kI sUkSmatA meM avagAhana karate hue gAMdhI ne kahA thA 'karmamAtra sadoSa hai kyoMki usameM hiMsA samAyI huI hai to bhI karma ke kSaya ke lie karma hI karate haiN| dehamAtra pApa hai| to bhI deha ko tIrthakSetra banAkara deha-mukti kI taiyArI karate haiM vaise hI hiMsA ko bhI samajhanA caahiye|' __ para yaha hiMsA ho kaisI? yaha svAbhAvika ho, kama se kama ho, isake pIche kevala karuNA ho, viveka ho, maryAdA ho, isake viSaya meM taTasthatA ho, yaha sahaja prApta dharma ho| yaha hiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa kA citraNa hai isameM hiMsA kI anivAryatA kA viveka kiyA gayA hai| anubhUti ke Aloka meM gAMdhI ne kahA thA-isa jagat meM koI bhI dehadhArI, kucha aMza meM hiMsA abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 387

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kie binA apanI deha ko TikAye nahIM raha sktaa| sabhI koI (ka) apanI deha kI rakSA ke lie (kha) apane rakSaNIya kI rakSA ke lie (ga) kabhI-kabhI unhIM jIvoM ko zAnti dene ke lie-aneka jIvoM kA vadha karate haiN| gAMdhI kI sUkSma dRSTi meM zAkAhAra bhI hiMsA kI koTi meM AtA hai| unakA kahanA thA bhAjI khAne vAlA bhI hiMsA karatA hai| jagat hiMsAmaya hai| deha dhAraNa karane kA matalaba hai, hiMsA meM zarIka honaa|" aisI hAlata meM ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| unakA ciMtana rahA ki 'nirAmiSa AhArI vanaspati khAne meM hiMsA hai' yaha jAnatA huA bhI nirdoSatA kA AropaNa kara mana ko phasalAtA hai| yaha bhI svIkArA ki khetI meM sUkSma jIvoM kI apAra hiMsA hai| kAryamAtra, pravRtti mAtra, udyoga mAtra sadoSa hai|.......khetii ityAdi Avazyaka karma zarIra vyApAra kI taraha anivArya hiMsA hai| usakA hiMsApana calA nahIM jAtA hai| hiMsA-ahiMsA kA sUkSma anveSaNa kiyaa| unake vicAroM meM ahiMsA vyApaka vastu hai| hama hiMsA kI holI ke bIca ghire hue pAmara prANI haiN| yaha vAkya galata nahIM hai ki 'jIva-jIva para jItA hai| manuSya eka kSaNa ke lie bhI bAhya hiMsA ke binA jI nahIM sktaa| khAte. pIte, uThate-baiThate, sabhI kriyAoM meM icchA-anicchA se vaha kacha-na-kacha hiMsA to karatA hI rahatA hai| yadi isa hiMsA se chUTane ke lie vaha mahAprayatna karatA hai, usakI bhAvanA meM kevala anukampA hotI hai, vaha sUkSma se sUkSma jaMtu kA bhI nAza nahIM cAhatA aura yathAzakti use bacAne kA prayatna karatA hai, to vaha ahiMsA kA pujArI hai| usake kAryoM meM nirantara saMyama kI vRddhi hogI; usameM nirantara karuNA bar3hatI rhegii| kintu koI dehadhArI bAhya hiMsA se sarvathA mukta nahIM ho sktaa| hiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa kA citraNa ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvaparNa hai| ___mahAprajJa ne jIvana se jur3I sUkSma hiMsA ko svIkArA-jaba taka zarIra hai hiMsA se bacanA kaThina hai| jIvana ke jur3e karma meM hiMsA kA avakAza rahatA hai udAharaNa ke taura para eka AdamI likhatA hai, kalama aura kAgaja ke bIca meM kucha dikhAI nahIM detaa| yantra se dekheM to kalama aura kAgaja ke bIca kitane hI jIva mileNge| jala meM jIva hai, jamIna meM jIva hai, eka bhI aNu aisA nahIM hai jahAM jIva nahIM hai| arthAt jJAna prApta hone para avadhi jJAnI jaba dekhate haiM to jIva hI jIva dikhAI dete haiN| zarIra ke sAtha jur3e hiMsA ke saMbaMdha ko vicchinna karane ke uddezya se bhagavAn ne batAyA-tuma saMyama pUrvaka calo, saMyama se Thaharo, saMyama se baiTho, saMyama se soo, saMyama se khAo-pApa kA bandhana nahIM hogaa| jIva hai yA nahIM use chor3a do| hiMsA se baca pAte haiM yA nahIM, para bhAvanA se to baca hI jAte haiN| Aja ahiMsA ke sAtha jIva kA sambandha jor3a rakhA hai aura bhAvanA kA prazna ur3A diyA hai| kathana meM yathArtha kA Akalana hai| manISI dvaya ne jIvana se jur3I anivArya hiMsA ko svIkArA evaM pUrNa ahiMsaka jIvana ke Adarza ko prastuta kiyaa| ahiMsA ke sthUla svarUpa se kahIM adhika gambhIra hai usakA pAradarzI sUkSma svruup| yaha donoM ke vimarza kA viSaya rhaa| cintana ke svAtaMtrya para manISiyoM ne ahiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa kA maMthana kiyaa| gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA kA artha hai prema kA samudra, vairabhAva kA sarvathA tyaag| ahiMsA meM dInatA, bhIrutA na ho| Darakara bhAganA bhI na ho| ahiMsA meM dRr3hatA, vIratA, nizchalatA ho|......ahiNsaa lUle-laMgar3e prANiyoM ko na mArane meM hI samApta nahIM hotii| ahiMsA ke mAne pUrNa nirdoSitA hI hai| pUrNa ahiMsA kA artha hai prANImAtra ke prati durbhAvanA kA pUrNa abhAva / 388 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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pratyeka prANI ke prati AtmAnubhUti kI sthiti meM hI ahiMsA ghaTita hotI hai| prANImAtra ke prati jaba taka samAna anubhUti nahIM jAgatI taba taka samabhAva bhI maTita nahIM hotA aura binA samabhAva ke ahiMsA mAtra Adarza rahatI hai jIvana kA vyavahAra nahIM bana paatii| isa saMdarbha meM ahiMsA ke sUkSma rUpa kA ullekha kiyA-'ahiMsA ke mAne sUkSma jantuoM se lekara manuSya taka sabhI jIvoM ke prati smbhaav|' apane Azaya ko spaSTa kiyA kisAna jo anivArya jIva-nAza karatA hai, use maiMne kabhI ahiMsA meM ginAyA hI nhiiN| yaha vadha anivArya hokara kSamya bhale hI ginA jAya, kintu ahiMsA to nizcaya hI nahIM hai| ahiMsA ke sUkSma artha ko prastuta kiyA-'ahiMsA kA artha kisI ke zarIra ko pratyakSa hAni na pahu~cAnA hI nahIM hai| yukti-ayukti, asatya-prapaMca, chala-kapaTa saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to sabhI asvaccha aura kuTila mArgoM kI gaNanA hiMsA meM hai| jisane eka bAra ahiMsA ko dharmabhAva se athavA nIti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA, usake lie ina tamAma malina mArgoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA-ahiMsA kA sAdhaka kevala prANiyoM ko udvega pahu~cAne vAlI vANI na bolakara aura karma na karake athavA mana meM bhI unake prati dveSabhAva na Ane dekara saMtoSa nahIM mAnatA; balki vaha jagat meM phaile hue duHkhoM ko dekhane-samajhane aura unake upAya DhU~r3hane kA prayatna karatA rahegA aura dUsaroM ke sukha ke lie svayaM prasannatApUrvaka kaSTa shegaa| arthAt ahiMsA kevala nivRtti-rUpa karma yA akriyA nahIM hai, balki balavAna pravRtti yA prakriyA hai|02 ahiMsA aura ahiMsaka ko abheda dRSTi se dekhA jAye to anubhava hogA ki ahiMsA kA artha kitanA gUr3ha evaM virATa hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanA ko AMkate hue likhA-Aja hama aisI bahuta sI bAteM karate haiM, jinheM hama hiMsA nahIM mAnate haiM, lekina zAyada unheM hamAre bAda kI pIr3hiyAM hiMsA ke rUpa meM smjhe| jaise hama dUdha pIte haiM yA anAja pakAkara khAte haiM, usameM jIva hiMsA to hai hI yaha bilkula saMbhava hai ki Ane vAlI pIr3hI isa hiMsA ko tyAjya samajha kara dUdha pInA aura anAja pakAnA banda kara de| Aja yaha hiMsA karate hue bhI hameM yaha dAvA karane meM saMkoca nahIM hotA ki hama ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karate haiN| yaha ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA kA citraNa hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA sahasA prApta nahIM hotI usakA bhI kramika bhAva hai| vikAsa krama kA citraNa gAMdhI ne kiyaa| hiMsA tyAga kI kramika bhUmikAyeM hotI haiN| deza, kAla, viveka aura zakti ke anusAra vyakti ahiMsA kI ora Age bar3hatA hai| yadi anivArya hiMsA ko ahiMsA dharma mAnane kI dhAraNA bana jAya, usa sthiti meM Age bar3hane kI AzA nahIM kI jA sktii| kramika vikAsa kA mArga spaSTa karate hue gAMdhI ne likhA khetI ityAdi Avazyaka karma zarIra vyApAra kI taraha anivArya hiMsA hai| usakA hiMsApana calA nahIM jAtA hai aura manuSya jJAna, bhakti Adi ke dvArA anta meM anivArya doSoM se mokSa prApta kara, isa hiMsA se bhI mukta ho jAtA hai|103 parilakSita hai ki ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA ko unhoMne gaharAI se pkdd'aa| kevala pakar3A hI nahIM use apane jIvana ke vyavahAra meM sthAna diyaa| unakI prastuti thI-jAna bUjhakara maiM kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha nahIM pahuMcA sakatA, manuSyoM ko to duHkha pahu~cAne kI bAta hI nahIM, bhale hI vaha merA yA mere svajanoM kA kitanA hI ahita kara deN| ataH jahA~ maiM briTiza rAja ko abhizApa samajhatA hU~, vahA~ maiM eka bhI aMgreja yA bhArata meM usake kisI bhI ucita svArtha ko nukasAna nahIM pahu~cAnA caahtaa| prakaTa rUpa se na kevala sUkSma ahiMsA ke svarUpa ko hI vyAkhyAyita kiyA apitu jIvana ke vyavahAra pakSa meM bhI utaaraa| isIlie unakI ahiMsA prANavAna bnii| abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 389

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ko sahiSNatA se mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa ko prastuta kiyaa| unhoMne batAyA-ahiMsA kA artha-kevala 'mata mAro' itanA hI na leN| vaha to hai hI para kisI ko satAo mata, pIr3A mata pahu~cAo, kisI kA zoSaNa mata kro| kisI ke sAtha anyAya mata kro| samasta prANImAtra ko apanI Atma tulA ke samAna samajhane kA prayatna kreN| sabako apanI Atma tulA para tauleN| jo vyavahAra Apako pasanda nahIM hai, vaha vyavahAra Apa bhI kisI ke sAtha na kreN| yaha ahiMsA kA sUkSma AcaraNAtmaka pakSa hai| unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsA kA sUkSma svarUpa hai- 'apane kutsita bhAvoM para niyaMtraNa karanA, pratyeka paristhiti tA se shnaa| bhAvAveza meM kisI kArya ko na krnaa|104 vAstava meM bhAvanAtmaka ahiMsA mahattvapUrNa hai| jaba taka bhAvanAtmaka stara para ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM hogA isakI anupAlanA apUrNa rhegii| apane jIvana meM ahiMsA ke sUkSma svarUpa ko mahAprajJa ne jIyA hai| ataH unakI ahiMsA sAdhanA sthUla se sUkSma kI ora kaise gatizIla banI yaha mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai| unhoMne AtmAvalokana ke kSaNoM meM isa prazna ko samAhita karate hae likhA-maiM dekhatA hU~ eka dina maiMne saMkalpa kiyA thA. maiM ahiMsA kA pAlana kruuNgaa| usa samaya mere lie ahiMsA kA artha thA-jIvoM ko na maarnaa| jahA~ jIva na mare, vahA~ bhI hiMsA ho sakatI hai, yaha mere lie atarkaNIya thaa| jIva-dayA kI artha-garimA bhI kama nahIM hai| AtmatulA ke bhAva kI carama pariNati meM atula AnandAnubhUti hotI hai| samaya-samaya para mujhe isakI anubhUti huI hai| maiM jaise-jaise bar3A huA, sahadharmiyoM kI manobhUmikA para viharane lagA, taba mujhe pratIta huA merI ahiMsA kI samajha adhUrI hai| ahiMsA kI paripUrNa vedikA ke nirmANa ke lie maiM tar3apa utthaa| maiMne samajhA ahiMsA kA artha hai, paristhiti ke marma-bhedI parazu se marmAhita na honaa| isa kuzala jagat meM aisA koI bhI prANI nahIM hai, jo paristhiti ke mRdu puSpa se pramatta aura kaThora vajra se Ahata na ho| mujhe lagA jo vyakti apanI jIvana dhArA ko paristhiti ke prabhAva-kSetra kI ora pravAhita kara detA hai, vaha ahiMsA kI anupAlanA nahIM kara sktaa| paristhiti kI mRdutA se AnevAlI mUrchA ke sAtha-sAtha cetanA mUrchita ho jAtI hai aura usakI kaThoratA se upajane vAlI kuNThA ke sAtha-sAtha vaha kuNThita ho jAtI hai| ahiMsA cetanA kI svataMtra dazA hai| jo sardI se abhibhUta ho jAe, vaha svataMtra nahIM ho sktii| jo garmI se abhibhUta ho jAe, vaha bhI svataMtra nahIM ho sktii| svataMtra vaha ho sakatA hai, jo kisI se abhibhUta na ho| aba merI ahiMsA kA prakAza-stambha yahI hai| isameM prANI-dayA ke prati merA mana pahale se adhika saMvedanazIla banA hai| dUsare kI pIr3A meM apanI pIr3A kI tIvra anubhUti hone lagI hai| yadi maiM paristhiti kI kArA kA baMdI banA baiThA rahatA to dUsaroM ke prati nirantara saMvedanazIla nahIM raha paataa| 05 kathana ke Aloka meM spaSTa hai ki mahAprajJa ne sUkSma ahiMsA ko kevala pratipAdita hI nahIM kiyA apane jIvana meM ise sAdhA, sAdhanA kA AdhAra bnaayaa| tathyataH manISiyoM ne samayasamaya para ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA ko AMkA aura apane jIvana meM use utArA hai| vyakti sudhAra se rASTra sudhAra kisI bhI rASTra kI mUlabhUta ikAI vyakti hai| vyakti kA nirmANa hI rASTra kA saccA nirmANa hai| isa saMbaMdha meM mahAtmA gAMdhI aura AcArya mahAprajJa ekamata the| isa dizA meM unake prayatna stutya rahe haiN| ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM vyaktitva nirmANa saMbaMdhI gAMdhI kA kathana thA-'ahiMsA kA uddezya utpIr3ana 390 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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yA dabAba kisI bhI taraha nahIM ho sktaa| isakA to uddezya hRdaya parivartana hai / ' spaSTatayA vyaktivyakti kA hRdaya parivartana yAnI vyakti sudhAra hI gAMdhI kI dRSTi meM mahattvapUrNa thA / vyakti nirmANa kI unake bhItara adbhuta kalA thI / unhoMne aise vyaktitva taiyAra kiye jo deza kI AjAdI ke lie ahiMsA kI rAha para kurbAna hone ko bhI tatpara the| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM paM. motIlAla neharU, bAbU rAjeMdraprasAda, sI. sAra. dAsa, saradAra vallabha bhAI paTela, sI. rAjagopAlAcArya, paM. javAharalAla naherU Adi pramukha haiN| gAMdhI ke saMparka se aneka logoM ke jIvana kA sArA artha-bodha hI badala gayA thaa| paM. motIlAla neharU ne ilAhAbAda ke ucca nyAyAlaya meM apanI lAkhoM kI prekTisa ko lAta mAra dI thI; bImArI ke bAda kisI svAsthyaprada sthAna meM svAsthya lAbha ke daurAna unhoMne gAMdhI jI ko eka patra likhA thaa| usake kucha aMza isa prakAra haiM 'pahale ke rAjasI rasor3e kI jagaha sirpha eka choTI-sI rasoI aura naukaroM kI purAnI paTana meM se akelA eka mAmUlI-sA naukara-cAvala, dAla aura masAle kI tIna choTI-choTI thailiyAM,.. zikAra ko dhatA batAI, dUra-dUra taka paidala ghUmane nikala jAtA hUM, rAiphala aura baMdUkoM kI jagaha kitAboM aura patra-patrikAoM ne le lI hai..... kahA~ se kahA~ pahu~ca gaye, lekina jiMdagI kA jo luphta Aja hai vaha pahale kabhI na thA / 106 udAharaNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki unake samparka se paM. motIlAla neharU ke jIvana meM maulika parivartana ghaTita huaa| aise aneka vyakti the jinakA nirmANa gAMdhI ne apanI ahiMsaka cetanA ke jariye kiyaa| unhoMne vyakti nirmANa se rASTra nirmANa kA sapanA sAkAra kiyA / gAMdhIvat AcArya mahAprajJa ne rASTra nirmANa meM vyakti nirmANa ko mahattvapUrNa btaayaa| ' vyakti samAja vyakti se rASTra svayaM sudharegA' zlogana ke dvArA jana-jana meM jAgRti kA siMhanAda kiyA / vyakti nirmANa kI pRSThabhUmi meM naitika cAritrika utthAna ke sAtha saMyama cetanA ke jAgaraNa ko mahattvapUrNa batalAyA / ahiMsA kI bAta kahAM se zurU kareM? ise samAhita karate hue mahAprajJa ne spaSTa kahA - 'ahiMsA pratiSThA kI zuruAta vyakti se kareM / vyakti svayaM badale, usake saMskAra badale, mAnyatA badale aura yaha dhAraNA puSTa bana jAe ki ahiMsA merA svabhAva hai / mujhe ahiMsA kA jIvana jInA hai, merI jIvana zailI ahiMsA kI hogI / ' vyakti nirmANa kI parikalpanA ahiMsA ke buniyAda para kI gaI hai| mahAprajJa ke saMparka Ane vAlI aneka vyaktiyoM kI jIvanadhArA meM maulika parivartana AyA aura unameM divyaguNoM kA saMcAra huaa| isakI puSTi meM eka-do udAharaNa hI paryApta hoMgeM / rAmAdhAra nAmaka vyakti ahiMsA yAtrA ke daurAna AcArya mahAprajJa ke samparka meM AyA aura parivartana kA anUThA udAharaNa prastuta kiyaa| eka samaya thA jaba vaha apanI rivaoNlvara hamezA apanI chAtI se cipakA kara rakhatA thA / Aja use usa lohe ke khilaune se koI mohabbata nahIM hai vaha use becakara usase milane vAle paisoM ko naksala prabhAvita kSetroM meM zAMti ke prasAra meM lagAnA cAhatA / vaha rAmAdhAra jisakI pahale pahacAna ikabAla nAma se thii| pA~ca khUna karane para bhI pakar3A nahIM gyaa| Aja vaha zAMti yoddhA bana cukA hai| 107 mahAprajJa ke saMparka se badalane vAle logoM kI bar3I saMkhyA hai I muMbaI meM supArI calatI hai| khAne vAlI supArI nahIM, yahA~ supArI kA artha hai kisI ko mAranA / (muMbaI vAloM kI bhASA meM ise 'khallAsa' karanA kahate haiM / ) supArI, yAni eka taraha kA ThekA ..... . yAtrA ke daurAna isa taraha supArI lekara kAma karane vAlA eka bhAr3e kA AdamI mujhe (mahAprajJa) milA / vaha mere pAsa AyA aura bolA- 'mahArAja ! Apane mujhe pahacAnA?' maiM kucha dera taka usakI ora dekhatA rahA, phira bolA-'AkRti kucha jAnI-pahacAnI-sI jarUra lagatI hai, kiMtu pahacAna nahIM pA rahA hU~ / ' abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 391

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usane kahA- 'amuka gA~va se amuka gA~va kI ora jAte hue maiM Apase rAste meM milA thaa| Apane upadeza sunAyA thaa| isake bAda maiMne ApakI sabhAoM meM kaI bAra apanI hAjarI lagAI aura Apake pravacana sune| aba maiMne apanA dhaMdhA baMda kara diyaa|' maine pUchA-'kauna-sA dhaMdhA?' usane kahA-'bhAr3e para marDara karane kaa| kala hI eka lAkha kI supArI mujhe mila rahI thii| maiMne sApha manA kara diyaa| kaha diyA ki aba maiM yaha kAma chor3a cukA huuN|'108 parivartana kI svAtmakathA kA bayAna karate hue pulisakarmI zrI Dugale ne batAyA-merI DyUTI gurU mahArAja (mahAprajJa) kI sevA meM lgii| sevA ke sAtha mujhe bar3A AnaMda aayaa| maiM yahA~ pUrNataH tanAvamukta rhaa| maiMne apanI DyUTI se adhika samaya kAma kiyA tathA pUrI naitikatA ke sAtha apane kartavya kA pAlana kiyaa| hamAre vibhAga meM kaI loga haphtA vasUlI karate haiM para maiM ahiMsA yAtrA ke praNetA se preraNA letA hUM ki kabhI anaitika kArya nahIM kruuNgaa| vyavasanamukta rhuuNgaa| aneka vyakti parivartana ke sAkSI haiN| marAThA bhIla AdivAsI zivadAsa kocA, jo kabhI zarAbI thA, satsaMga se jIvana meM nayA raMga khilaa| saMkalpa pUrvaka nazAmukta banA aura apane kSetra kI pulisa pATila para padAsIna huaa| mahAprajJa kI preraNA se ghara-ghara pracAra kiyA, usase prabhAvita hokara 300 se adhika logoM ne naze kA parihAra kiyaa| yaha mahAprajJa ke pAradarzI vyaktitva kA camatkAra thaa| jisake saMparka meM Akara hajAroM-lAkhoM logoM ne badalI huI phijA kA anubhava kiyaa| eka bhAI ke zabdoM meM-'merI putravadhU kI bar3I jaTila prakRti thI, kiMtu prekSAdhyAna zivira meM mahAprajJa ke sAnnidhya meM Ane ke bAda itanA aMtara A gayA, jisakI maiM kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sktaa|' aise parivartana ke aneka prasaMga ghaTita hue haiN| ahiMsA ko vyApaka saMdarbho meM samajhakara hI jIvana ko samAjopayogI banAyA jA sakatA hai| vyApaka prayatnoM se mahAprajJa ne ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmANa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| hindU-muslima ekatA rASTra ke amanacaina evaM sauhArdapUrNa sahavAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa donoM ke hinda-maslima ekatA ke prayatna mahattvaparNa sAbita hae hai| yaddha se yaddha kA. hiMsA se hiMsA kA samAdhAna gAMdhI kI daSTi meM galata thaa| kisI bhI prakAra ke saMgharSa kA sthAyI rUpa se nidAna ahiMsaka sAdhanoM ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai, cAhe vaha saMgharSa vyakti kA Antarika ho yA do vyaktiyoM kA ApasI ho athavA vaha sAmAjika, rAjanaitika-sAmpradAyika ho-sabhI saMgharSoM kA nidAna eka mAtra ahiMsA meM hai-yaha gAMdhI kA dRr3ha vizvAsa thaa| unake zabdoM meM 'merA yaha vizvAsa hai ki sAmpradAyika saMgharSoM ko rokane ke lie bhI ahiMsA kA hathiyAra usI prakAra kAragara siddha ho sakatA hai jisa prakAra vaha briTiza zAsana ke viruddha lar3I gaI hamArI svataMtratA kI lar3AI meM kAragara siddha huA hai| usa samaya logoM ne ahiMsA dvArA lar3ane meM merA sAtha diyA thA, kyoMki ve jAnate the ki jabaradasta briTiza hathiyAroM kA mukAbalA aura kisI taraha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu vaha durbaloM kI ahiMsA thii| sAmpradAyika lar3AI meM usa ahiMsA se kAma nahIM cala sktaa| usake lie to vIroM kI saccI ahiMsA kI AvazyakatA hai|" tadanurUpa gAMdhI ne apanI zakti ko niyojita kiyaa| abhaya ke bala para unhoMne ekatA ke prayatnoM meM saphalatA paaii| 392 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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san 1946 meM noAkhAlI jile meM, jahA~ musalamAnoM ne hinduoM para bhayaMkara atyAcAra kiye the, ve churiyAM lie gA~va-gA~va ghUma rahe the, kisI hindU kI vahA~ jAne kI himmata nahIM hotI thii| aisI sthiti meM gAMdhI una gA~voM meM paidala calakara pahuMce aura musalamAnoM ko zAnti kA sandeza sunaayaa| sarakArI surakSA se uparata evaM mAraka SaDyantra se sAvadhAna karane vAloM se gAMdhI kA uttara thA 'aisA kyoM na ho? unakA bhI to isa zarIra para adhikAra hai| yadi mujhe apane dezabandhuoM se hI Dara lagane lage to mujhe isI samaya se netApana ko namaskAra kara denA caahie| unakI samajha meM merI deza sevA meM koI bhUla hogI tabhI to ve mujhe mAranA cAhate haiM, usameM unakI nekaniyatI hai, phira bhalA unheM kisa taraha doSa duuN| nizcita rUpa se gAMdhI kA Atma maMthana kitanA prabuddha thaa| hindU-muslima ekatA ke prayatna meM gAMdhI ne svayaM ko aise kSetroM meM niyojita kiyA jahA~ azAMti kI saMbhAvanA thii| prasaMga 13 agasta 1947 kA hai| gAMdhI volIghATa ke musalamAna ke ghara meM rahane ke lie pahuMce hI the ki kucha hiMdU yuvaka unake zAMti prayatnoM ke khilApha pradarzana karane ko A dhmke| gAMdhI ne yuvakoM ko samajhAyA.....bhAI-bhAI kI isa lar3AI ko rokanA kyoM Avazyaka hai| baMgAlI yuvaka badale hue mana-mastiSka se apane gharoM ko lauTa gye| yaha eka camatkAra thaa| unake isa jAduI prabhAva se kalakattA ke hAlAta meM rAtoMrAta parivartana ho gyaa| daMgA ruka gyaa| AjAdI kI agavAnI kA dina 14 agasta donoM kaumoM ne saMyukta rUpa se sAtha milakara mnaayaa| 31 agasta ko kolakAtA meM pUnaH daMgA hone se gAMdhI ke zAMti prayatnoM ko gaharA dhakkA lgaa| unhoMne pahalI sitaMbara se anazana zarU karane kI ghoSaNA kara dI-jaba taka kalakatte meM zAMti sthApita na hogI. vaha apanA upavAsa nahIM todd'eNge| unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA 'jo mere kahane se na huA, vaha zAyada mere upavAsa se ho jaaye|' upavAsa kI ghoSaNA ne sAre kalakatte ko hilA diyaa......| musalamAna vicalita ho uThe aura hiMdU lajjA se ntmstk| donoM kaumoM ke netAoM ne Apasa meM zAMti banAye rakhane kI pratijJA kI aura gAMdhI se prArthanA kI vo apanA anazana samApta kara deN| gAMdhI ne isa zarta ke sAtha upavAsa tor3A ki yadi phira zAMti bhaMga huI to vo AmaraNa anazana kara deNge|12 isa maMtavya se spaSTa hotA hai ki hindU-muslima ekatA hetu gAMdhI ne ahiMsA kA jIvaMta prayoga kara duniyA ke samakSa saphalatA kI misAla kAyama kI thii| gAMdhI se bhinna paristhitiyoM meM mahAprajJa ne hindU-muslima ekatA kA svara bulaMda kiyaa| sAmpradAyika sauhArda meM hI sabhI kA bhalA hai| mAnava-mAnava ke prati karuNA aura maitrI kA bhAva jaage| sarvatra zAnti kA sAmrAjya rhe| isa dizA meM apanI zakti ke niyojana hetu kRta saMkalpa mahAprajJa ne gujarAta meM uThe sAmpradAyika vaimanasya ko zAMta karane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaaii| sAmpradAyika sadbhAva kAyama ho isa hetu hindU aura musalamAna pramukha logoM se vizad vArtAlApa kiyaa| ahiMsA yAtrA ke madhya siddhapura, UMjhA Adi gA~voM ke hindU-musalamAna logoM se mahAprajJa ne kahA-zAnti ke lie Avazyaka hai ki saba loga paraspara vizvAsa se rheN| sAtha-sAtha jInA hai aura vikAsa karanA hai to isake sivAya aura koI rAstA nahIM hai|....ek dUsare ke prati bhaya se rahanA, yaha rASTra ke lie zubha saMketa nahIM hai| koI AdamI dUsare ke sAtha milane se saMkucAtA hai to vaisI avasthA meM vyApAra-vyavahAra kaise calegA? vAstava meM ahiMsA kevala dharma hI nahIM hai| vaha nIti aura kUTanIti bhI hai| ise hameM acchI taraha samajhanA hogaa|13 zAMti aura vikAsa ke antarasaMbaMdha ko batalAte hue mahAprajJa ne gujarAta meM hindU-muslima bhAiyoM ke sAmane eka bAta rakhI-garIbI, azikSA Adi se mukti pAne ke lie vikAsa Avazyaka hai| lar3AI abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 393

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jhagar3e kI sthiti meM vikAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / hindU-musalamAna ekatA hetu donoM pakSoM ke logoM ko AgAha kiyA ki kisI samapradAya kA utsava ho, usakA anAdara na kareM ...... manuSya meM AsthA kA aMtara ho sakatA hai / para usake lie hama dUsaroM ke dila ko coTa pahu~cAe~, yaha ucita nahIM hai / dharma alaga-alaga ho sakate haiM / naitikatA hindU-musalamAna donoM ke lie hai / AjAdI ke dinoM mahAtmA gAMdhI dvArA kolakAtA meM hindU-muslima ekatA ke prayatnoM kI smRti karavAne vAlA AcArya mahAprajJa kA upakrama ahamadAbAda yAtrA ke daurAna dekhA gyaa| sAMpradAyika hiMsA se grasta gA~voM meM mahAprajJa ke caraNa TikeM, unameM eka aisA gA~va jahA~ jaldI hI daMgA hone kI prabala saMbhAvanA thii| daMge ke lie Avazyaka sAdhana aura sAmagrI juTA lI gaI thI, mahAprajJa ne tatkAla usa gAMva ke hindU aura musalamAna donoM samudAyoM ke pramukha logoM ko bulaayaa| unake sAtha mahAprajJa kI lagabhaga paMdraha minaTa taka bAtacIta huii| mahAprajJa ne jJApana diyA- 'hamane donoM samudAyoM ko Amane sAmane baiThAkara kucha bAteM khii| lagabhaga AdhA ghaMTA bAda hameM donoM pakSoM kI ora se yaha sUcanA milI ki aba daMgA nahIM hogA, ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA kArya zurU hogaa| donoM samudAya milakara isa kAryakrama ko claaeNge|'''' yaha mahAprajJa ke prANavAna prayatnoM kA suphala thaa| logoM ke diloM meM prema ke sumana khileM / ekatA ke prayatna ko mUrta rUpa dete hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahamadAbAda meM jagannAtha kI rathayAtrA meM sammilita hone kA AmaMtraNa svIkAra kiyaa| sanAtana dharma kI rathayAtrA meM jaina AcArya kA jAnA kahA~ taka ucita hogA? UhApoha kI paravAha kiye bagaira sasaMgha yAtrA meM sammilita hue aura spaSTIkaraNa kiyA- 'AsthA alaga ho sakatI hai / para ahiMsA ke vicAra meM sAmya ho, isalie hama vahA~ ge|' jaina AcArya kA rathayAtrA meM jAne kA yaha prathama avasara thA / unakI upasthiti se sadbhAvanA kA abhinava raMga khilaa| tanAva pUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM zAMti pUrvaka rathayAtrA kA maMcana mahAprajJa kI sUjhabUjha kA udAharaNa bana gayA / 1 sAmpradAyika tanAva mukti hetu AcArya mahAprajJa kI maulika ciMtana dhArA ne sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa ko svastha banAne meM ahaM bhUmikA nibhAI hai| gujarAta ke daMgA pIr3ita kaTTarapaMthI muslima logoM dvArA zAMti sthApanA kI purajora prArthanA para AcArya mahAprajJa ne sAmpradAyika sauhArda kI sabhI se apIla kI - hiMsA se hiMsA kA zamana nahIM ho sktaa| hiMsA kA zamana ahiMsA se ho sakatA hai / kucha eka vyaktiyoM ke aparAdha ke kAraNa pUre sampradAya evaM jAti ko doSI mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / yahA~ Aja jaisA vAtAvaraNa banA huA hai vaha niraMtara aisA hI banA rahA to pradeza kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA / ApasI prema evaM vizvAsa kA vAtAvaraNa bane evaM sabhI eka dUsare kI svataMtratA kA sammAna kareM isakI AvazyakatA hai| kaTutA evaM avizvAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM koI bhI samAja Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA / Aja AvazyakatA hai udAra evaM anudAra sabhI logoM ke bIca sAmaMjasya sthApita ho / mAnava jAti eka hai / jisakA ahiMsA meM vizvAsa ho vaha bhedabhAva ko mahattva nahIM de sakatA / .... Akhira isa deza meM hiMdU aura musalamAna donoM ko sAtha-sAtha rahanA hai / bhaya aura AtaMka ke vAtAvaraNa meM na Arthika vikAsa ho sakatA hai, na zaikSaNika / deza kI pragati ke lie sAmpradAyika sauhArda atyaMta apekSita hai| 15 manovaijJAnika tarIke se Ama logoM ko yaha tatva samajhAyA ki pArasparika sauhArda kitanA jarUrI hai| unhoMne batAyA-hindustAna vibhinna jAtiyoM, vargoM aura saMpradAyoM kA deza hai| duniyA ko eka sire dUsare sire taka dekheM, itanA vividhavarNI deza dUsarA koI nahIM milegA / sadiyoM se rahate Ae vividha 394 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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matoM ke logoM ko bhaviSya meM bhI yahIM rahanA hai| hiMduoM ko hiMdustAna se kahIM jAne kI jarUrata hI nahIM haiN| masalamAnoM ko bhI yahA~ se jAne kI jarUrata nahIM hai| sabhI samAna rUpa se yahAM rahakara suvidhAasavidhA, amIrI-garIbI jhela rahe sabake hita samAna hai| zAMti se raheMge to apanA aura deza kA bha vikAsa hogA, lar3ate-jhagar3ate raheMge to aura jyAdA garIba bana jaaeNge| isa asAmpradAyika saMdeza kA vyApaka asara huaa| sthAI pariNAma kI AkAMkSA se aNuvrata AMdolana ke do vratoM kA jikra kiyA gayA . maiM mAnavIya ekatA meM vizvAsa rkhuugaa| * dhArmika sahiSNutA rkhuugaa| lokataMtra meM svataMtratA sabase bar3A dharma hai vaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba loga zAMti se rheN| vikAsa ke lie bhI zAMti anivArya hai zAMti ke lie ahiMsA anivArya hai| 'saba manuSya samAna hai' yaha ahiMsA kA eka AdhArabhUta siddhAMta hai| manuSya jAti eka hai-isa svara kI upekSA se mAnava samAja kA vikAsa avarUddha huA hai| jAtivAda aura saMpradAyavAda ne sahaastitva ko bahuta hAni phuNcaaii|....jaativaad ne ucca mAne jAne vAle logoM meM ahaMkAra ko bar3hAvA diyA aura nimna mAne jAne vAle logoM meM hIna bhAvanA ko janma diyaa| jahAM ahaMkAra aura hInabhAvanA hotI hai, vahA~ saha-astitva nahIM ho sktaa| jahA~ saha-astitva nahIM hotA, vahA~ ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii|17 kathana meM sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA ke vikAsa kA spaSTa iMgita hai| muslima bhAiyoM aura IsAiyoM ke mana meM mahAprajJa ne vizvAsa paidA kiyaa| isakA pratIka hai unake dvArA nikale ye zabda-'Apa aise pahale vyakti haiM, jo mAnava aura mAnavatA kI bAta karate haiN| prema aura bhAIcAre kI bAta karate hai| isI kA pariNAma thA muhammada sAhaba ke janmadina ke avasara para musalamAna samAja kI ora se mahAprajJa ke pAsa nivedana AyA ki paigambara hajarata muhammada sAhaba ke janma dina zabe-barAta ke dina hameM ApakA saMdeza caahie| saMdeza preSita kiyA gayA jise lAkhoM musalamAnoM ke bIca meM par3hA gyaa| logoM ko Azcarya huA ki musalamAnoM ke jalase meM kisI anya dharmagurU ke saMdeza kA vAcana kiyA gayA ho|18 para yaha saccAI hai jo mahAprajJa ke virAT ahiMsA prema kA sabUta hai| rASTrIya ekatA-akhaMDatA ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa kA ciMtana thA-hindustAna aneka jAtiyoM aura sampradAyoM kA saMgama hai| ekatA ko hamezA anekatA kI samasyA kA sAmanA karanA par3atA haiN| rASTra eka hai, jAtiyAM aura sampradAya anek| aneka meM hone vAlA TakarAva eka ke astitva ko khatare meM DAla detA hai| hindustAna ke prabuddha varga ke lie yaha jarUrI ho gayA hai ki rASTra kI ekatA ko sudRr3ha AdhAra dene ke lie vaha kucha prAcIna mUlyoM ke sthAna para nae mUlyoM kI sthApanA kre| karmaNA jAti aura svIkRta sampradAya-yaha avazya hI nayA mUlya hai|19 isakI pratiSThA hetu unhoMne jana-jana kI cetanA ko AMdolita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| rASTrIya ekatA mUlaka prayatnoM ke lie indirA gAMdhI rASTrIya ekatA puraskAra AcArya mahAprajJa ko pradAna kiyA gyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne sAmpradAyika sauhArda hetu vyApaka prayatna kiye haiN| jisake mahattvapUrNa saMdarbha-khvAjA daragAha ajamera, godharAkAMDa prabhAvita gujarAta prAMta, mumbaI-bhivaMDI Adi muslima bahula kSetroM ke saMbhrAta logoM ke bIca sauhArda, bhAIcAre kA sandeza pahu~cAnA hai| mahAprajJa ke sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA mUlaka abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 395

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prayatnoM kA Akalana karate hue 'rASTrIya sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA pratiSThA' dvArA 'rASTrIya sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA' puraskAra pradAna kiyA gyaa| puraskAra samAroha meM pradhAnamaMtrI manamohanasiMha ne kahA-'AcArya mahAprajJa ne sAmpradAyika sauhArda aura sadbhAvanA ke lie hamAre deza meM bahuta bar3A kAma kiyaa| isa kArya hetu sampUrNa jIvana ko samarpita kara diyaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne na kevala apane sAhitya ke dvArA, apitu apane AcaraNa ke dvArA isa dizA meM eka atyanta sundara prayatna kiyA hai| ve sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA ke niSThAzIla vyAkhyAtA haiM aura usI sAdhanA meM lage hue haiN| apane vipula sAhitya ke dvArA tathA samanvaya sammelanoM ke dvArA vibhinna dharmoM ke bIca ekatA ko saMpuSTa karane ke lie atyadhika mahattvapUrNa avadAna diyaa| hajAroM logoM kI cetanA ko jAgRta kiyA hai tathA anya dharmoM ke prati samAdara rakhane ke lie abhiprerita kiyA hai|' sadbhAvanA puraskAra pAnA unake lie koI khuzI kA prasaMga nahIM banA apitu isakI bAdhA kA hRdayasparzI zabdoM meM citraNa karate hue mahAprajJa ne kahA-eka dina aisA Ae ki hama garva ke sAtha kaheM-hindustAna eka aisA deza hai, jahA~ koI bhI AdamI bhUkhA nahIM hai| yahA~ koI bhUkhA nahIM sotaa| bhUkha se sone vAloM kI jo kaThinAiyAM haiM, ve hamane dekhI haiN| pada yAtrA ke daurAna hama janajAtiyoM ke bIca rahe, unake gharoM meM rahe, garIboM ke gharoM meM rhe| mahArASTra, gujarAta, madhyapradeza aura rAjasthAna kI AdivAsI paTTiyoM kI yAtrA meM hamane unakI sthiti ko dekhA to mana meM AyA ki AdamI bhUkhA hai aura hama bahuta bar3I-bar3I bAteM karate rahe haiN| donoM meM visaMgati hai| maiM cAhatA hU~ ki sadbhAvanA puraskAra kA eka artha Age bar3he jana jAtIya puraskAra, jisameM aisI sthiti kA nirmANa kara sakeM aura gaurava ke sAtha kaha sakeM hama saba loga kama se kama jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatA ko pUrA karane meM samartha haiN| aise prayatna kA maiM samarthana karatA huuN|120 isameM virAT sadbhAvanA kA nidarzana hai jo unake utkRSTa mAnavatA prema ko prakaTa karatA hai| sAmpradAyika samasyA ke sthAyI samAdhAna hetu AcArya mahAprajJa ne ahiMsA pravidhi prastuta kii| ghRNA kA saMskAra vyakti ke narvasa sisTam meM A gayA hai| use ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke dvArA hI miTAyA jA sakatA hai| aisA mahAprajJa kA abhimata rhaa| ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke prAyogika pakSa se aneka muslima yuvaka jur3a rahe haiM, kAryakartA taiyAra ho rahe haiN| jisakA jIvaMta prayoga lADanUM meM jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (vizvavidyAlaya) meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| hindU-muslima ekatA kI dRSTi se gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa ke prayatna nizcita rUpa se mAnavatAvAdI haiM sadiyAM jisase upakRta hotI rhegii| mokSa vicAra jisa bhUmikA para ahiMsA kRtArtha bana jAtI hai usa sarvocca avasthA kA tAttvika nAma hai-mokss| gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa donoM ne mokSa ko kevala svIkArA hI nahIM apitu usa para paryApta prakAza ddaalaa| gAMdhI darzana ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki mokSa kI avadhAraNA unhoMne bhAratIya AdhyAtmika saMskRti se grahaNa kI pazcAt usa para apane ciMtana kI puSTi dii| gAMdhI ne kahA-prAcIna RSi-muniyoM ne ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ko AkhirI maryAdA taka pahu~cAyA hai aura yaha kaha diyA ki bhautika jIvana eka doSa hai, eka jaMjAla hai| mokSa dehAdi ke pare kI aisI adeha sUkSma avasthA hai, jahA~ na khAnA hai, na pInA hai aura isIlie jahA~ na dUdha dUhane kI AvazyakatA hai aura na ghAsa-pAta ko tor3ane kii| saMbhava hai isa tattva ko samajhanA yA grahaNa karanA kaThina ho| sambhava hai ki pUrNataH usake anukUla jIvana vyatIta 396 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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1 karanA asambhava ho aura hai bhI / phira bhI mujhako isa bAta meM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki satya yahI hai aura isalie bhalAI isa bAta meM hai ki hama apane jIvana ko apanI pUrI zakti bhara usake anukUla banAveM / tathya kI puSTi meM unhoMne kahA - saba samaya, saba jagaha, sampUrNa ahiMsA saMbhava nahIM, yoM kahakara ahiMsA ko eka ora rakha denA hiMsA hai, moha hai aura ajJAna hai| saccA puruSArtha to isameM hai ki hamArA AcaraNa sadA ahiMsA ke anusAra ho| isa taraha AcaraNa karane vAlA manuSya anta meM parama pada prApta karegA, kyoMki vaha sampUrNatayA ahiMsA kA pAlana karane yogya bnegaa| unhoMne yaha svIkArA ki jagat yAnI dehamAtra hiMsAmaya hai aura isase ahiMsA - prApti ke lie deha ke AtyaMtika mokSa kI tIvra icchA paidA huI / jAhira hai unake bhItara mokSa pAne kI cAha kitanI prabala bnii| gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM - jIvana eka abhilASA hai / usakA dhyeya pUrNatA arthAt Atma sAkSAtkAra ke lie prayatna karanA hai / mokSa kI prApti meM puruSArtha kI bhUmikA svIkAra kI - 'karma ko maiM avazya mAnatA hU~ kintu puruSArtha ko bhI mAnatA huuN| karma kA sarvathA kSaya karake mokSa prApta karanA parama puruSArtha hai / "2" dehamukti aura paramAnaMda ke saMbaMdha ko prakaTa kiyA- maiM apane ko ahiMsAmaya mAnatA hU~ / ahiMsA aura satya mere do prANa haiM / ahiMsA kI mahAna zakti aura manuSya kI pAmaratA ko kSaNa-kSaNa meM adhikAdhika spaSTatA se dekhatA huuN| yaha deha to hiMsA kA sthAna hai isIlie sarvathA deha- mukti meM hI mokSa aura paramAnanda rahatA hai| isI se mokSa ke Ananda ko chor3a kara aura sabhI Ananda asthira haiM, sadoSa haiM / 1 22 spaSTatayA gAMdhI ne mokSa ke paramAnanda ko samajhA aura apane jIvana kA antima lakSya usakI prApti kA banAyA / mahAprajJa bacapana se hI mokSa prApti ko jIvana kA sarvocca dhyeya mAnakara satat prayatnazIla bane / unakA spaSTa abhimata thA jaba taka jIva kI mukti nahIM hotI taba taka duHkhoM kI antahIna paraMparA cAlU rahatI hai| janma-maraNa kI zrRMkhalA kA uccheda mukti ke varaNa se hotA hai / muktAvasthA pUrva bhUmikA hai - vItarAga / sAdhanA kI ucca bhUmikA para cetanA sabhI maloM se mukta hokara vItarAga bana jAtI hai| vItarAga kA artha hai- 'para' se haTakara apane ApameM pratiSThita honA / isa avasthA meM 'para' kA sambandha samApta ho jAtA hai / yahI bar3I upalabdhi hai| 23 ahiMsA kI sAdhanA jaba siddhi meM badala jAtI hai, mokSa kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| mokSa kA apara nAma hai nirvANa / nirvANa ko sugama zabdoM meM prastuti dI - nirvANa kA artha hai svataMtra astitva kA varaNa / vyakti apane usa svataMtra astitva meM anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta zakti aura anaMta Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai / paramAtmA hone kA artha svataMtra sattA kA honA hai, svayaM Izvara bana jAnA hai| Izvara meM vilIna honA nahIM hai| nirvANa kA aisA siddhAMta bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sivAya kisI bhI nirvANavAdI dArzanika ne nahIM diyaa| nirvANa bujha jAne kA sUtra nahIM astitva ke miTa jAne kA nAma nahIM / nirvANa meM vilIna hone kA prazna nahIM hai| nirvANa hai apane samagra astitva ko abhivyakta kara lenA, AtmA ko paramAtmA banA lenA / 12" yaha mokSAvasthA ke svarUpa kA citraNa hai / nizcita rUpa se yaha avasthA ahiMsA kI sarvocca bhUmikA kI niSpatti hai / nirvANa ke svarUpa ko spaSTa zabdoM meM btaayaa| nirvANa kA eka artha hai-kisI bhI bAdhA kA na honA / karmabaddha avasthA meM pratyeka AdamI bAdhA kA jIvana jItA hai| bAdhAoM, vighnoM ko pAra kara jAnA, unheM jIta lenA nirvANa hai| nirvANa kA matalaba hai abAdha ho jAnA / abheda tulA : eka vimarza / 397

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nirvANa kA eka artha hai-avyAbAdha sukh| hamArA jJAna, AnaMda, zakti aura sukha avyAbAdha bana jaae| nirvANa kA dUsarA artha hai siddhi| nirvANa kA artha hai sArI siddhiyoM kA prApta honaa| vyakti ko lokAgra meM aisA sthAna milatA hai, jahAM pradUSaNa nahIM hai, paryAvaraNa kI samasyA nahIM hai, koI upadrava nahIM hai, akalyANa nahIM hai| nirvANa prApta vyakti usa sthAna meM pahu~catA hai, jahA~ na akAla hai, na sardI hai, na garmI hai| vaha zarIra aura mana se rahita hotA hai isalie usake zArIrika aura mAnasika kaSTa bhI nahIM hotaa| sadA kSema, ziva aura kalyANa se ota-prota hai nirvaann| yaha spaSTa hai ki mokSa avasthA aisI avasthA hai jahA~ sabhI duHkhoM kA aMta ho jAtA hai| prAkRtika vipadAoM kA prabhAva akiMcitkara bana jAtA hai| gAMdhI ne jo mokSa kI parikalpanA kI usako adhika spaSTa rUpa se mahAprajJa ne prastuta kara usake svarUpa ko prakaTa kiyaa| mokSa kI avadhAraNA ko nirvANa, siddhi ke rUpa meM mahAprajJa kA vizleSaNa tAttvika hai| katipaya abheda mUlaka binduoM kA vimarza mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa kI samAna vicAradhArA kA pratibimba mAtra hai| ahiMsAniSTha cetanA se nikale sphuliMga ko pahacAnanA muzkila hai| phira bhI eka vinamra prayatna kiyA gayA manISiyoM ke ciMtana kI samAnatA ke anveSaNa kaa| abheda kA artha ciMtana ke ekAtmaka Azaya se liyA gayA hai| vyAkhyA-vizleSaNa sApekSa hone ke bAvajUda tattva kI / meM adbhuta samAnatA gocara hotI hai| isa AdhAra para abheda ke antargata kiyA gayA kucheka maulika tathyoM kA saMkSipta vimarza manISiyoM ke udAtta vicAroM kI jhalaka mAtra hai| 398 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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samanvaya kI dizA : eka ciMtana prathama dRSTyA rASTra pitA mahAtmA gAMdhI kA ciMtana rAjanIti evaM loka maharSi AcArya mahAprajJa kA ciMtana adhyAtma dharA kI parikramA karatA haA pratIta hotA hai| sUkSmatA se dekhe to usa ciMtanadhArA meM vyakti, samAja aura rASTra sabhI saMdarbho ko prabhAvita karane kI kSamatA vidyamAna hai| svataMtra dhArAoM se bahane vAlI ahiMsA kI vicAra vithI meM samanvaya ke sUtra saMpRkta hai| samanvaya kA Azaya hai-saiddhAMtika maulikatA ko barakarAra rakhate hue eka vicAra ke sAtha dUsare kA tAlamela honaa| aisA tAlamela jo vikAsa kI naI saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara kre| gAMdhI evaM mahAprajJa ke vicAroM meM samanvaya kA paryApta avakAza hai| prastuta saMdarbha meM mahApuruSoM ke ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAroM ko samanvaya kI kasauTI para prastuta karanA abhiSTa hai| ahiMsA kI samanvita prastuti gAMdhI kI ahiMsA kA kriyAtmaka zakti svarUpa evaM mahAprajJa kI ahiMsA nIti ko samanvita rUpa se samajhane kI koziza kI jAye to ahiMsA kA eka nayA racanAtmaka svarUpa prakaTa ho sakatA hai| gAMdhI ne kahA thA-'kriyAhIna ahiMsA AkAza ke phala ke samAna hai| kriyA se unakA tAtparya kevala hAtha paira kA saMcalana hI nahIM, vicAra mAtra kriyA hai| vicAra-rahita ahiMsA ho hI nahIM sktii| unakI dRSTi meM jo jIne ke lie khAtA hai, sevA karane ke lie jItA hai usakI tulanA meM mAtra peTa pAlane ke lie kamAtA hai-vaha kAma karate hue bhI akriya hai| jisa karma meM kartRtva kI bU nahIM hotI svArtha kI bhAvanA nahIM rahatI vaha karma akarma kI ora gatizIla banatA hai| unhoMne isa tathya ko bhI prakaTa kiyA ki agara ahiMsA dharma saccA dharma ho to hara taraha vyavahAra meM usakA AcaraNa karanA bhUla nahIM, balki kartavya hai| vyavahAra aura dharma ke bIca virodha nahIM honA caahie|........sb samaya, saba jagaha, saMpUrNa ahiMsA saMbhava nahIM, yoM kaha kara ahiMsA ko eka ora rakha denA hiMsA hai, moha hai aura ajJAna hai| saccA puruSArtha to isameM hai ki hamArA AcaraNa sadA ahiMsA ke anusAra ho| ahiMsA kI vyApaka saMyojanA kI dRSTi se AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahA ki ahiMsA dharma evaM nIti hai aura kUTanIti bhI haiN| maiM muni hU~ mere lie ahiMsA dharma hai, kuzala zAsaka ke lie ahiMsA nIti hai, vyApaka aura gUDha artha meM ahiMsA kUTanIti hai| ahiMsA nIti ke AdhAra para hI vibhinna jAtiyoM, saMpradAyoM aura bhASAoM vAle logoM ko ekasUtra meM bAMdhakara rakhA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kUTanIti hai| zatruoM ko daMDa dene vAlA utanA saphala nahIM hotaa| jitanA unheM mitra banAne vAlA hotA hai| yaha samanvaya kI dizA : eka ciMtana / 399

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rahasyapUrNa nIti hI ahiMsA kI kUTanIti hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne isI kUTanIti ke aMtargata hiMsA ke virodha meM asahayoga nIti kA sUtra diyaa|"spssttiikrnn meM likhA jo samAja aura zAsana ke mukhiyA hai, usake lie ahiMsA eka nIti hai| jaba taka rAjanIti ke sAtha ahiMsA kA samAveza nahIM hogA, taba taka rASTra kA bhalA nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsA se vyakti, samAja, rAjanIti aura rAjanItika vyavasthA prabhAvita honI caahie| jaba ahiMsA kA ina para prabhAva hogA taba burAiyAM apane Apa samApta hoNgii| apane maMtavya kI puSTi meM kahA-'kuzala rAjanetA vaha hai, jo ahiMsA kI nIti kA anusaraNa karatA hai| ahiMsA kI nIti kA artha hai sAmaMjasya / sAmaMjasya se unakA Azaya hai-svArtha aura parArtha meM sNtuln|' svArtha vartamAna yuga kI samasyA hai para usakI bhI sImA ho to svArtha-parArtha meM saMtulana saMbhava hai| mahAprajJa kA ciMtana bahuta spaSTa thaa| kSIra-nIra prajJA se niSpanna vicAra dhArA meM maulikatA kA nidarzana hai| jisakI eka jhalaka-dharma ke saMdarbha meM vicAra kareM to kahanA hogA-ahiMsA dharma hai| sAmAjika, rAjanaitika aura vaizvika saMdarbha meM vicAra kareM to kahanA hogA-ahiMsA eka nIti hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM ahiMsA ko nae saMdarbha meM samajhane kI jarUrata hai| rASTra kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI dRSTi se dIrghakAlIna nIti ko apanAnA jarUrI hai| donoM hI mahApurUSa ahiMsA kI divya jyoti ko karma athavA kartavya se, nIti athavA AcAra se jor3a kara samAja evaM rASTra ko svastha banAne ke pakSadhara bneN| isakI kriyAnvita hetu unhoMne apane mizana ko UMcAiyAM pradAna kii| vartamAna yuga kI yaha ahaM apekSA hai ki samasyA samAdhAna ke Aloka meM manISiyoM ke ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAroM ko samanvayAtmaka rUpa se prabhAvI banAyA jaaye| racanAtmaka kArya : ahiMsaka samAja gAMdhI ke racanAtmaka kAryoM evaM mahAprajJa ke ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA svastha-samAja parikalpanA ke samanvaya sUtra kI yugapata mImAMsA apane ApameM maulika hai| gAMdhI ke racanAtmaka kAryoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM bhale hI bhAratIya AjAdI evaM grAmotthAna kI bhAvanA rahI ho para usameM nizcita rUpa se ahiMsA ke bIja vidyamAna the| dUsarI tarapha mahAprajJa kI ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA kI parikalpanA meM ahiMsA ke naitika mUlyoM ke Agoza meM vikAsa kA pUrNa avakAza hai| donoM kI yuti Adarza samAja kI parikalpanA ko sAkAra banAne meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvahana kara sakatI hai| svataMtratA AMdolana ke daurAna racanAtmaka kAryoM kA zrIgaNeza jana jAgRti kI dRSTi se bahuta upayogI siddha huaa| Arthika Atma nirbharatA ke AdhAra para deza kI janatA ko svAvalambI banAne ke prayatna nizcita rUpa se ahiMsA kI dhurA para Tike the| carakhA, khAdI, laghu kuTIra udyoga Adi kAryoM kA vyApaka pracAra tAtkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM mahattvapUrNa thaa| racanAtmaka kAryoM ke saMgaThita prayoga hetu gAMdhI ne aneka saMsthAoM kA pravartana kiyaa| spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-'kAma kA merA prayatna zuddha ahiMsA ke anusAra karane kA hai|.....akhil bhArata carakhAsaMgha aura akhila bhAratIya grAmodyoga-saMgha aisI saMsthAyeM haiM, jinake dvArA ahiMsA kI kArya-paddhati kA akhila bhAratIya premAne para prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai|' isa kathana se racanAtmaka kAryoM kI ahiMsaka AdhAra bhitti ujAgara hotI hai| vibhinna racanAtmaka kAryoM kI itizrI gAMdhI bhArata kI svataMtratA ke sAtha karane ke pakSadhara nahIM the apitu ve racanAtmaka kAma meM lage hue saba saMgaThanoM ko ekatAbaddha 400 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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karane kI saMbhAvanAoM ko carcAoM ke mAdhyama se ujAgara karanA cAhate the| jisake AdhAra para ahiMsAtmaka samAja-racanA kA kArya jyAdA sucArU rUpa se evaM sUkSma tarIke se kiyA jA ske| rAjanaitika svAdhInatA ke pazcAt gAMdhI kA mukhya kArya sAmAjika aura Arthika sudhAroM kA hI thA aura inheM kriyAnvita karane ke lie ve apanI ahiMsAtmaka zailI ko nayA rUpa denA cAhate the, para vaisA avakAza unheM mila nahIM paayaa| gAMdhI cAhate the gA~voM kI punarracanA kA kArya sthAyI evaM prabhAvI ho, isa hetu udyoga, hunara, tandurustI aura zikSA ina cAroM kA sundara samanvaya racanAtmaka kArya kA aMga banAyA gyaa| 27 racanAtmaka kArya kI saMpUrti kucha hada taka mahAprajJa kI ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| ahiMsaka samAja kA jo citraNa kiyA usameM sApekSatA, samanvaya, sahaastitva ke kriyAnvayana para bala diyA gayA hai| ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA kI bAdhAoM kA jikra karate hue mahAprajJa ne batAyA sAmAjika jIvana meM hiMsA kA mUla hai-anaitika upAyoM se artha kA arjana, usakA saMgraha aura vilAsAtmaka upayoga, jAti aura dharma-sampradAya ke prati mithyA dRssttikonn| isakA janaka hai vaiyaktika hiMsAmaya jIvana jo mohAtmaka saMskAra, Aveza, uttejanA aura bhogAtmaka mAnasikatA ko bar3hAte haiN| isa samasyA se ubarane ke lie vyakti aura samAja-vyavasthA donoM ke yugapata parivartana kI apekSA para bala dete hue spaSTa kiyA ki vyakti acchA nahIM hai to acchI se acchI samAja vyavasthA bhI lar3akhar3A jaaegii| samAja vyavasthA acchI nahIM hai to acche se acchA vyakti bhI lar3akhar3A jaaegaa| ahiMsA ke prayoga se vyakti ko evaM rAjyasattA, sAmAjika sattA, Arthika sattA aura ahiMsaka sattA ke samanvaya pUrvaka samAjavyavasthA ko badalA jaaye|28 yaha yathArtha kA Akalana hai jisake AdhAra para ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA kA sapanA sAkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsaka samAja racanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsAmayI jIvana-zailI para bala diyA gyaa| unhoMne vizeSa prakAra kI jIvana-zailI kA pratipAdana kiyaa| jisameM Adarza nAgarika ke sabhI mAnaka sannihita hai| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA pahalA sUtra hai-abhy| niraMtara bhayabhIta rahane vAlA hiMsA se baca nahIM sktaa| bhayabhIta vyakti apane svAsthya para burA asara DAlatA haiM, phalataH use bImAriyAM ghera letI haiN| niraMtara abhaya rahane vAlA svastha rahakara AnaMda aura prasannatA kA jIvana jItA hai| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA dUsarA sUtra hai-krunnaa| jisake bhItara karuNA hai, vaha kabhI kisI kA aniSTa nahIM kregaa| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA tIsarA sUtra hai-shissnnutaa| hama eka dUsare ko sahanA siikheN| jahA~ eka dUsare ko sahane kI mAnasikatA hotI hai, vahA~ paraspara zAMti rahatI hai aura vikAsa bhI vahIM hotA hai| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA cauthA satra hai-jaagruuktaa| pramAda ke kAraNa jIvana meM barAiyoM ko praveza pAne kA avasara mila jAtA hai| jAgarUka rahane vAlA apane jIvana ko nayA saundarya pradAna kara sakatA hai| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI ke ina satroM ko apanA kara vyakti sakhamaya va zAMtiparNa jIvana jItA haA eka naye vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kare, yahI apekSA hai| yaha jIvana zailI jana-jana meM pratiSThita ho tAki Adarza samAja kA sapanA sAkAra bana ske| gAMdhI dvArA pratipAdita racanAtmaka kArya evaM mahAprajJa dvArA nirdiSTa ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA ke prArUpa ko samanvita rUpa se kriyAnvita kiyA jAe to svastha samAja racanA sAkAra bana sakatI hai| cUMki eka ora vyakti karmazIla hogA dUsarI tarapha usakI mahattvAkAMkSAyeM niyaMtrita hogii| pariNAmataH samAja vyavasthA nItiyukta hogii| vyavahAra ke dharAtala para samanvaya kI dizA : eka ciMtana / 401

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eka ora Arthika vikAsa, jana jAgRti kA kArya pragatizIla bane dUsarI ora naitika utthAna evaM AdhyAtma kI lau prajvalita hotI rahe to usa samAja kA svarUpa nizcita rUpa se AdarzamAna hogaa| yathArtha ke dharAtala para manISiyoM kI samAja viSayaka saMkalpanA ko saMyukta rUpa se pratiSThita kiyA jAye to samAja-vyavasthA kA mAnacitra apane ApameM apUrva evaM paripUrNa hogaa| samanvita zikSaNa sarvAMgINa vyaktitva nirmANa kI pRSThabhUmi meM gAMdhI dvArA buniyAdI zikSA evaM mahAprajJa dvArA jIvanavijJAna zikSaNa kA prArUpa prastuta kiyA gyaa| ina donoM kI samanvita prastuti Adhunika zikSA jagat kI samasyAoM ko samAhita karane meM samartha hai| vyAvahArika evaM naizcayika, vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna samanvita zikSaNa se sugama bnegaa| gAMdhI ne buniyAdI zikSaNa ke dvArA bAlaka ke mastiSka aura zarIra ke vikAsa ke sAtha usI pramANa meM AtmA kI jAgati heta AdhyAtmika yAnI hRdaya kI tAlima para bala diyA-mastiSka kA ThIka aura caturmukhI vikAsa tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba bacce kI zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM ko tAlIma ke sAtha-sAtha diyA jAtA ho, ye saba bAteM eka aura avibhAjya haiN| isakA lakSya thA zarIra, mana tathA AtmA kI uttama kSamatAoM ko udghATita krnaa| 29 prazna hai ina zaktiyoM kA udghATana kaise ho? kevala kriyAtmaka samAcaraNa, pustakIya jJAna se bhAvanAtmaka parivartana ghaTita nahIM ho sktaa| isa abhiSTa kI saMpUrti hetu AcArya mahAprajJa ne jIvanavijJAna zikSaNa meM prAyogika vidhi kA samAveza kara parivartana kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| zAbdika uccAraNa mAtra se parivartana ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA isa saccAI kA anubhava karate hue mahAprajJa ne siddhAMta ke sAtha prAyogika prazikSaNa kA samAveza kara parivartana kI prakriyA ko sugama bnaayaa| jahAM se saMvegAtmaka taraMgeM utpanna hotI hai usa sthAna ko prabhAvita aura parivartita karane meM prayogoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA banatI hai| jIvana-vijJAna ke prayogoM dvArA vidyArthiyoM meM sakArAtmaka pariNAma dekhe gaye haiN| jIvana-vijJAna zikSaNa ke dvArA vidyArthI kA samucita-saMtulita vikAsa hotA hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA donoM ko preraNA dene vAle taMtra hamAre mastiSka meM vidyamAna haiN| krodha kA Aveza, ahaMkAra, lobha, bhaya, ghRNA aura kAma-vAsanA-ye deza, kAla aura vyakti bheda meM sAMpradAyika kaTTaratA, jAtIya saMgharSa, sattA kI lolupatA, bAjAra para prabhutva aura aparAdha ke rUpa meM prakaTa hote rahate haiN| hiMsA ke ina bIjoM kA prayogoM dvArA pariSkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka vidyArthI jIvana-vijJAna kI prayogazAlA meM jAtA hai to usake dAe~ mastiSka ke jAgaraNa kA prayoga karAyA jAtA hai| 30 zikSA meM guNAtmaka parivartana lAne vAlA prastuta prayoga apane ApameM maulika hai| prayogataH buniyAdI zikSA evaM jIvana-vijJAna kI samanvita kriyAnviti zikSA jagat meM saMpUrNa krAMti ghaTita karane meM samartha hai| apekSA hai isake vyApaka prayoga kii| ahiMsaka AMdolana : ahiMsA prazikSaNa AjAdI kI pRSThabhUmi meM jana cetanA ko AMdolita karane hetu gAMdhI ne ahiMsaka AMdolana kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| isa prakriyA ke dvArA eka ora ve deza kI janatA ko jagAnA to dUsarI ora sattA pakSa kA hRdaya badalanA cAhate the| gAMdhI dvArA pravartita usa AMdolanAtmaka prakriyA kA saMdarbha badala cukA hai para usakI upayogitA Aja bhI barakarAra hai| AMdolana ke bataura prayogAtmaka stara para saMgaThita ahiMsA 402 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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kI zakti kI carcA karate hue gAMdhI ne kahA 'hameM ahiMsA ke rUpa meM jo zakti prApta huI hai yadi morcA use saMgaThita kara diyA jAya to vaha duniyA kI hiMsaka - se hiMsaka zaktiyoM ke saMyukta bala le sakatI hai| ahiMsA - praNAlI meM parAjaya ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| usakA mantra to karo yA maro hai, aura vaha dUsaroM ko mArane yA coTa pahuMcAne meM vizvAsa nahIM rakhatI hai| usake upayoga meM, na dhana kI darakAra hai, na usa vinAzakArI vijJAna kii| 31 nizcita rUpa se unhoMne ahiMsA kI AsthA para ahiMsaka AMdolana kI buniyAda khar3I kI thii| badale hue pariveza meM ahiMsaka AMdolana kI gatividhiyoM ko balapUrvaka samAja, rASTra vyApI avyavasthAoM para niyaMtraNa pAne hetu apanAne kI jarUrata hai| AtmapIr3ana evaM hRdaya parivartana ke zubha saMkalpa se saMcAlita ahiMsaka AMdolana meM Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, dhArmika burAiyoM para vijaya pAne kI kSamatA hai| gAMdhI ne apane ahiMsaka AMdolanoM meM hRdaya parivartana para bala diyA / hRdaya parivartana ke binA samasyA kA sthAyI samAdhAna nahIM nikala sktaa| isa Azaya kI kriyAnviti ke bataura gAMdhI ne satyAgrahI aura zAMti sainika kI naI avadhAraNA prastuta kii| vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM gAMdhI ke ciMtana ko U~cAiyA~ pradAna karane vAlA AcArya mahAprajJa kA ciMtana mahattvapUrNa 1 ahiMsA kI pratiSThA evaM hRdaya parivartana kI pRSThabhUmi meM mahAprajJa ne zodhapUrvaka ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI pravidhi prastuta kii| unhoMne kahA 'siddhAMta aura prayoga donoM kA yoga mile to parivartana kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| ahiMsA kI pratiSThA ke lie prayatnazIla vyakti ahiMsA kI carcA hI na kare, usake prazikSaNa kI prAyogika paddhati bhI sIkhe, yaha Avazyaka hai| karor3oM sainikoM ko yuddha kA prazikSaNa diyA jAtA hai| kyA hajAroM logoM ko ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa nahIM diyA jA sakatA?' kathana meM parivartana kI AsthA kA nidarzana hai| cAroM ora carcA hai ki ahiMsA ke dvArA aba taka parivartana nahIM huA / zabdoM se parivartana kaise sambhava hogA? agara aise zAbdika camatkAra se kArya ho jAe to duniyA kaba kI badala jaae| unakA yaha mAnanA thA ki manuSya ke dimAga ko prazikSita kie binA koI AdamI bar3A kAma nahIM kara sakatA / mastiSkIya prazikSaNa ke abhAva meM koI bhI parivartana saMbhava nahIM hotA / mastiSkIya parivartana athavA hRdaya parivartana para ve vizeSa bala dete / hama cetana stara para ahiMsA kI bAta kareMge to janatA use nahIM maanegii| hama apane uddezya meM saphala nahIM hoNge| ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa ke lie cetanA ke sUkSma staroM taka jAnA apekSita hai / hamAre zarIra ke bhItara do sUkSma zarIra haiM - taijasa zarIra aura kArmaNa zarIra / ahiMsA ke lie ina zarIroM taka pahu~canA jarUrI hai / 1 32 isa sUkSma mImAMkSA ke sAtha mahAprajJa ne dhyAna ke vibhinna prayoga prastuta kiye jinake sakArAtmaka pariNAma Aye haiN| ahiMsA prazikSaNa meM una prayogoM kA samAveza hai jo hamAre bhAvataMtra ko prabhAvita kara vahAM paidA hone vAle rasAyanoM ko badala dete haiM / yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki hiMsA aura ahiMsA donoM kA srota hamAre mastiSka meM vidyamAna hai| jaba vyakti ke bhAva uttejanA aura Aveza meM hote haiM, vyakti meM hiMsA kI cetanA jAgatI hai / uttejanAtmaka Aveza hiMsA kA kAraNa hai / ThIka isake viparIta jaba vyakti zAMta, saMtulita hotA hai taba ahiMsA ke bhAva vikasita hote haiN| hiMsA kI zakti bhaya aura AtaMka paidA karane vAlI, DarAne vAlI, saMtApa dene vAlI zakti hai / ahiMsA kI zakti abhaya kI cetanA ko jAgRta karane vAlI, maitrI, sauhArda, AtmIyatA, apanApana paidA karane vAlI zakti hai / 33 ina zaktiyoM kA prayogoM ke dvArA vAMchita parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| hiMsA ke bhAvoM ko badalane evaM ahiMsA ke bhAvoM ko vikasita karane meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke prayoga prabhAvI siddha hue haiM / samanvaya kI dizA eka ciMtana / 403

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nakA yaha jahA~ taka ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kA prazna hai manISiyoM ne ise mahattvapUrNa smjhaa| hiMsA ko kAragara banAne ke lie jaise prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai vaise hI ahiMsA ko bhI prabhAvI karane ke lie prazikSaNa kI anivAryatA hai| samAnatA ke bAvajUda vaiziSTya isa bAta kA hai ki gAMdhI ke ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA sIdhA saMbaMdha zAMti sainikoM aura satyAgrahiyoM ke prazikSaNa se hai jo samAja kI hiMsaka paristhitiyoM meM eka ahiMsaka sainika ke nAte saMgharSarata sthAna meM prastuta hote haiN| ataH yaha saMdarbha vizuddha rUpa se sAmAjika hai| samAja vyavasthA ko vadalakara athavA zAMti kI vyUha racanA kA prazikSaNa dekara ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa ke dvArA zAMti sainika taiyAra krte| AcArya mahAprajJa kI bhUmikA vizuddha rUpa se vyaktigata aura AdhyAtmika rahI hai| unakI dRSTi meM hiMsA kI jar3a hamArI cetanA meM sannihita hai| isalie ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa meM hiMsaka cetanA ke badalane kA prayAsa mahattvapUrNa hai aura isa cetanA ke badalane kA upAya haiM yoga ke vibhinna pryog| prekSAdhyAna ke vibhinna prayogoM ke dvArA ve vyakti kI saMpUrNa bhAvadhArA ko badalanA cAhate jo ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA maulika svarUpa hai| vastutaH gaharAI se ciMtana karane para donoM mahApurupoM ke vicAroM meM koI antaHvirodha mAlUma nahIM par3atA kevala kSetra kA hI antara hai| gAMdhI kA yaha Azaya kabhI bhI nahIM rahA ki binA hRdaya parivartana ke aura mAnasika cetanA ke badale koI saccA ahiMsaka prazikSaNa ho skegaa| aura AcArya mahAprajJa jaba ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa meM cetanA-bhAvadhArA ke badalane para jora dete to isase una kadApi Azaya nahIM rahA ki ve samAja meM hone vAlI hiMsA ko miTAnA nahIM cAhate the| donoM mahApuruSoM kI apanI-apanI bhUmikAe~ thii| sApekSa dRSTi se vartamAna pariprekSya meM saccA samAdhAna to donoM manISiyoM ke vicAroM kA samanvaya hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa meM cetanA ke parivartana aura hiMsA se jujhane evaM zAMti sthApana kA prazikSaNa-donoM anivArya tattva haiN| donoM ke maNi-kAMcana saMyoga se hI eka sundara ahiMsaka prakriyA kA nirmANa ho sakatA hai aura aise samagra ahiMsaka prazikSaNa se hI hiMsA kI vikaTa samasyA kA samAdhAna saMbhava hogaa| ____ ahiMsaka AMdolana banAma ahiMsAtmaka pratirodha saha hRdaya parivartana, ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI saMyukta prakriyA ko vyApaka banAyA jAye to hiMsA kI samasyA ko cunauti pUrvaka niyaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai| viSaya-vastu ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa ke vicAroM meM maulikatA aura samAdhAyakatA kA apUrva pravAha hai| unake vicAroM ke mahAsamudra meM se bheda, abheda aura samanvaya ke rUpa meM katipaya binduoM kA vimarza kiyA gayA hai| bheda meM una pahaluoM para maMthana kiyA gayA hai jo donoM manISiyoM kI svataMtra ciMtanadhArA ko prakaTa karate haiN| bheda mUlaka vicAroM se yaha sAbita hotA hai ki manISiyoM ne apane-apane kSetra meM kisa prakAra navIna vicAradhArA kA saMcAra kiyA hai| abheda meM una tathyoM kA samAkalana kiyA gayA hai jo maulika rUpa se samAnatA ke dyotaka haiN| samAnatA ke bAvajUda una vicAroM meM svataMtra ciMtana zailI kA spaSTa nidarzana hai| samanvaya kI dizA meM gAMdhI aura mahAprajJa kI vicAra vIthiyoM se una racanAtmaka kAryoM evaM tathyoM ko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai jinameM samanvaya kI kar3I se jur3akara sama-sAmayika samasyAoM ko samAhita karane kI apUrva kSamatA hai| apekSA hai una tathyoM ke samucita saMyukti kii| manISiyoM ke vicAroM kI samyak yuti se svastha vyakti, svastha parivAra, svastha samAja aura svastha rASTra kI parikalpanA sAkAra bana sakatI hai| 404 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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saMdarbha 1. DaoN. prabhAta kumAra bhaTTAcArya, gAMdhI darzana, 62 yaMga iMDiyA. 3.4.24 2. AcArya mahAprajJa, mahAvIra kA arthazAstra-77 3. rAdhAkRSNan, dharma aura samAja, 280 yaMga iMDiyA 29.5.1924 4. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-1.12 yaMga iMDiyA 11.8.1920 5. iMglaiMDa meM gAMdhIjI, 82 6. harijana sevaka, 5.9.36 7. sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, 58 8. mahAprajJa ne kahA-2,64 9. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,179 10. AcArya mahAprajJa, svAsthya kI triveNI, 31 11. yuvAdRSTi, jUna-julAI, 2003,160 12. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, 28-29 13. vijJapti, 14-20.7.2002, 10-11 14. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,44-45 15. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, maiM : merA mana : merI zAnti, 54 16. vijJapti, 14-20.7.2002. 8 17. haribhAU upAdhyAya, bApUkathA, 135 18. gAMdhI vicAra dohana, 32 19. bApU-kathA, 20 20. AcArya mahAprajJa, aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 158 21. AcArya mahAprajJa, kaise ho sakatA hai zubha bhaviSya kA nirmANa?, 119-120 22. AcArya mahAprajJa, lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, 85 saM. 2002 23. AcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA aura zAMti, 134-135 24. akhila bhAratIya terApaMtha TAimsa, 17. 23.10.2005. 9 25. haribhAU upAdhyAya, bApU-kathA, 108 26. sAne gurujI, bApU kI mIThI-mIThI bAteM, 20-21 27. bApU-kathA, 108-9 28. ahiMsA yAtrA darpaNa, 5 29. sAdhvI vimalaprajJA, ahiMsA yAtrA : ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 72-73 30. aNuvrata, 1-5.12.2003. 18-19 31. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16.74 32. mahAprajJa ne kahA-8,50.51 33. mahAprajJa ne kahA-3,174 34. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,86 35. aNuvrata, 1-15 disambara 2003. 5 36. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,175 37. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16,90 38. ahiMsA yAtrA darpaNa, 25.27 39. aNuvrata kavara pRSTha, 1-15 disaMbara 2003 40. ahiMsA yAtrA darpaNa,49 samanvaya kI dizA : eka ciMtana | 405

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41. vijJapti 11-17.4.2004. 15 42. muni mohajIta kumAra, loka dRSTi meM ahiMsA yAtrA, 9.49 43-44. ahiMsA-1, 105, ahiMsA-1,106,80. hindI navajIvana. 2.12.1926 45. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-4.401 46. muni nagarAja jI DI.liTa, ahiMsA viveka, 71 47. AcArya mahAprajJa, manana aura mUlyAMkana, 30 48. jainendra kumAra, akAla puruSa gAMdhI, 65 49. ahiMsA-1.76 50. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA tattvadarzana, 47 51. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16,142.143 52. maiM : merA mana : merI zAMti, 42-43 53. ahiMsA tattva darzana, 267-8 54. ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, 36-37 55. ahiMsA-1,20,72,4,6 56-57. ahiMsA-4.436-37.425. 422 harijana sevaka 25.15.47, 403 58. ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, 2 59. ahiMsA tattva darzana, 47 60. ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, 12 61. ahiMsA-1, 15 hindI navajIvana, 14.12.1924 62. ahiMsA yAtrA : ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 186 63. AcArya mahAprajJa, vicAra ko badalanA sIkheM, 19. saM. 2000 64. DaoN. kiraNa, gAMdhI evaM mArksa.6 65. DaoN. esa.ela. varmA, DaoN. madhu mizrA. mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM dharma nirapekSatA, 197 66. sAne gurujI, bApU kI mIThI-mIThI bAteM, 55-56 67. gAMdhI citrAvalI, 128 68. jaina bhAratI, jUna 2004. 29 69. mahAprajJa ne kahA-8,91. saM. dvitIya akTUbara-2006 70. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,15.16 71. mahAprajJa vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, 108 72. AcArya mahAprajJa, kaise ho sakatA hai zubha bhaviSya kA nirmANa, 93 73. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA-3. 289 harijana sevaka, 30.9.1939 74. gAMdhI-vicAra-dohana, 17-18 75. iMglaiMDa meM gAMdhIjI, 30 76. akhila bhAratIya terApaMtha TAimsa, 10-16.10.2005. 9 77. AcArya mahAprajJa, yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 79 78. AcArya mahAprajJa, mukta bhoga kI samasyA aura brahmacarya, 51 79. muni mohajIta kumAra, ahiMsA yAtrA kA ullAsa yAdoM ke Asa-pAsa, 9.3 80. ahiMsA-1, 32 81. AcArya mahAprajJa, ekalA calo re, 273-74 82. bApU kathA, 5 83. saM. sAdhvI vimala prajJA, sAdhvI vizruta vibhA. mahAprajJa ne kahA-1.47 84. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 19 406 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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85. kAkA kAlelakara. viyogahari, gAMdhI vyaktitva vicAra aura prabhAva, 13 86. yaMga iMDiyA, 6.4.24 87. gAMdhIjI, hinda svarAjya, 64-65 88. yaMga iMDiyA, 7.5.25 89. ahiMsA-1, 4 90. AcArya mahAprajJa, bhikSu vicAra darzana, 87. saM. 2003 91. AcArya mahAprajJa, maiM hUM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA, 244 92. ema.ke.gAMdhI, satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 286 93. AcArya mahAprajJa, mere jIvana ke rahasya, 27-28 94. ahiMyA yAtrA : ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 282 95. mahAprajJa ne kahA-16,126.27 / 96. ahiMsA-1, 80 hindI navajIvana, 2.12.1926 97. ahiMsA-4,394 98. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, ahiMsA tattva darzana, 152 99. satya ke prayoga athavA AtmakathA, 306 100. AcArya mahAprajJa, dharma ke sUtra, 140-41 101. hindI navajIvana, 20.9.28 102. gAMdhI-vicAra-dohana, 17 103. ahiMsA-1, 35-36 104. ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, 16-17 105. maiM : merA mana : merI zAnti, 55 saM. dUsarA 1970 106. mahAtmA gAMdhI, 158-59 107. ahiMsA yAtrA : ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 334-35 108. mahAprajJa ne kahA-3,176 109. muni mohajIta kumAra, ahiMsA yAtrA kA ullAsa yAdoM ke Asa-pAsa,19.24 110. harijana sevaka, 29.6.47 111. gAMdhI citrAvalI, 123 112. mahAtmA gAMdhI, 347-48 113. ahiMsA yAtrA : ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 57 114. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,86 115. ahiMsA yAtrA : ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, 32 116. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,169 117. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, 69-70 118. mahAprajJa ne kahA-4,41.42 119. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, 160-61 120. vijJapti, 7. 3.8.2005. 7 121. ahiMsA-1,20-21,109.17 hindI navajIvana, 11-10.1928 122. hindI navajIvana, 14-10-1926 123. AcArya mahAprajJa, kisane kahA mana caMcala hai, 54. saM. 2003 124. AcArya mahAprajJa, RSabha aura mahAvIra, 67-68 125. RSabha aura mahAvIra, 69-71 126. terApaMtha TAimsa, 12-18 janavarI, 2009,11 samanvaya kI dizA : eka ciMtana / 407

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127. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 24,104 128. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 39 129. mere sapanoM kA bhArata, 196-7. harijana, 8.5.37 130. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 94 131. eDolpha hiTalara ko patra se, 24.12.41 132. ahiMsA aura zAMti, 80-81 133. yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, 74-75 408 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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pariziSTa

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ahiMsA ke sATha nAma 1. dvIpa - trANa-zaraNa-gati pratiSThA - yaha devoM, munaSyoM aura asuroM sahita saMpUrNa loka ke lie dvIpa athavA (dIpaka) ke samAna zaraNa dAtrI aura heyopAdeya kA jJAna karAne vAlI hai / trANa hai - vividha prakAra ke jAgatika duHkhoM se pIr3ita jana kI rakSA karane vAlI, unheM zaraNa dene vAlI, kalyANecchu ke lie gati-gamya-prApta karane yogya tathA samasta guNoM evaM sukhoM kA AdhAra hai| 2. nivarNa mukti kA kAraNa, zAMti svarUpA hai| 3. nivRtti-durdhyAna rahita hai ataH mAnasika svasthatA rUpa hai / 4. samAdhi - samatA kA kAraNa T 5. zakti 6. kIrti 7. krAMti - ahiMsA ke ArAdhana se krAnti - tejasvitA utpanna hotI hai| 8. rati - prANI mAtra ke prati, maitrI, anurakti - AtmIyatA ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa vaha rati hai / 9. virati 10. zrutAGag - satzAstroM ke adhyayana-manana se ahiMsA utpanna hotI hai / 11. tRpti-santoSavRtti bhI ahiMsA kA aMga hai / 12. dayA 13. vimukta 14. kSAMti-kSamA, yaha bhI ahiMsA rUpa hai / 15. samyaktvArAdhanA 16. mahatI - samasta vratoM meM mahAn 17. afer 18. buddha 19. dhRti 20. samRddhi - jIvana ko AnaMdita karane vAlI 21. Rddhi-lakSmI prApti kA kAraNa 22. vRddhi-dharma kI vRddhi kA kAraNa 23. sthiti-mukti meM pratiSThita karane vAlI 24. puSTi - puNya kA upacaya karane vAlI ahiMsA ke sATha nAma / 411

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25. nandA 26. bhadrA 27. vizuddhi 28. labdhi 29. viziSTa dRSTi-vicAra aura AcAra meM anekAMta pradhAna darzana vAlI 30. kalyANa 31. maMgala 32. pramoda 33. vibhUti 34. rakSA 35. siddhAvAsa-mokSa hetu 36. anAnava 37. kevala sthAnam 38. ziva 39. samiti-samyak pravRtti 40. zIla 41 saMyama 42. zIla parigraha-cAritra kA sthaan| 43. saMvara 44. gupti 45. vyavasAya-utkRSTa nizcaya rUpa 46. ucchraya-prazasta bhAvoM kI unnati 47. yajJa-jIva rakSA meM sAvadhAnatA svarUpa 48. Ayatana-samasta guNoM kA sthAna 49. apramAda 50. AzvAsa-prANiyoM ke lie AzvAsana 51. vizvAsa 52. abhaya 53. sarvasya amAghAta-prANI kI ahiMsA 54. cokSa-zuddha 55. pavitra 56. suci-bhAva kI apekSA zuddha 57. pUtA-vizuddha 58. vimalA-nirmalatA kA kAraNa 59. prabhAsA-prakAzamaya 60. nirmalatarA-atyanta nirml| 412 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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* * . * * * * * . * * * gAMdhI ke upavAsa san 1913 phIniksa (da. aphrIkA), Azrama ke do sahayogiyoM kI naitika truTi ke lie eka saptAha kA upavAsa / agale sAr3he cAra mahInoM taka dina meM kevala eka bAra bhojana / phIniksa meM uparyukta kAraNoM se punaH 14 dina kA upavAsa / 12 mArca, 1918 ahamadAbAda meM ahamadAbAda ke har3atAlI mila majadUroM ko vicalita hote dekhakara tIna dina kA upavAsa / 13 apraila, 1919 sAbaramatI, raulaTa satyAgraha ke silasile meM nAr3iyAda meM paTarI ukhAr3e jAne ke prayAsa para prAyazcita svarUpa gAMdhI kA tIna dina kA upavAsa / 9 se 13 navambara 1921 bambaI, priMsa oNkavelsa kI yAtrA ke daurAna daMgA aura khUna-kharAbA hone para pAMca dinoM kA upavAsa / pharavarI ke dvitIya saptAha 1922 meM bAraDolI meM caurI-caurA hatyAkAMDa ke samaya meM pAMca dina kA upavAsa / 18 sitambara 1924, dillI kohATa ke hindU-muslima daMge ke pariNAma svarUpa 21 dinoM upavAsa tathA hindU-musalamAnoM dvArA sadbhAvanA kA AzvAsana / 24 navambara 1925, sAbaramatI meM Azrama sahayogiyoM meM truTi pAkara sAta dina kA upavAsa / 20 sitambara 1932, yaravadA jela me maikDonAlDa ke sAmpradAyika nirNaya ke virUddha AmaraNa anazana kI ghoSaNA / soDA - sahita athavA soDAvihIna - jala ke atirikta kisI prakAra kA bhojana na lene kA nizcaya / 26 sitambara ko sarakAra kI ora se samajhautA karane para anazana - tyAga / 22 disambara 1932 yaravadA jela meM appAsAhaba paTavardhana dvArA jela meM bhaMgI kArya kI mAMga para tIna dina kA upavAsa / 8 maI, 1933 yaravadA jela meM Atmazuddhi hetu ikkIsa dina kA upavAsa tathA 29 maI ko pUnA kI parNakuTI me upavAsa samApta / 16 agasta, 1933 yaravadA jela meM sarakAra dvArA gAMdhIjI ko pahile kI taraha jela meM harijana kArya calAne kI suvidhA dene se inakAra karane para tathA 23 agasta taka svAsthya ciMtanIya, binA zarta rihaaii| 7 agasta, 1934 vardhA meM kucha sudhArakoM dvArA ajamera meM asahiSNu vyavahAra pradarzana ke prayAzcita svarUpa sAta dina kA upavAsa / gAMdhI ke upavAsa / 413

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. 3 mArca, 1939 rAjakoTa meM gAMdhIjI dvArA rAjakoTa nareza para janatA ke sAtha kiye gaye samajhautoM ke bhaMga karane para 4 dina kA anazana tathA 7 mArca ko anazana tyaag| . 10 pharavarI, 1943 AgA khAM mahala meM-'bhArata chor3o Andolana' ke saMbaMdha meM sarakAra dvArA gAMdhI para hiMsA kA Aropa karane para tIna saptAha kA upavAsa tathA 3 mArca ko prArthanA ke bIca upavAsa smaapti| gAMdhI ko 6 auMsa saMtare kA rasa pilaayaa| akTUbara-navambara 1946 bihAra meM bihAra ke sAmpradAyika daMge ke prAyazcita svarUpa ikkIsa dina kA ardha upavAsa, phaloM ke rasa ke sivA anya cIjoM kA tyAga tathA ghoSaNA kI yadi bhUla karane bihArI apanA sudhAra nahIM karate to yaha thor3A AhAra (ardha-upavAsa) AmaraNa anazana meM parivartita ho jaayegaa| 1 sitambara (rAta 8.15 minaTa para) 1947 kalakattA meM 31 agasta kI zAma gAMdhIjI ke kalakattA ke nivAsa sthAna para sAmpradAyika sadabhAvanA heta gAMdhI dvArA upavAsa tathA 4 sitambara rAta savA nau baje suharAvardI dvArA diye gaye mIThe saMtare ke rasa ke sAtha upavAsa tyaag| 13 janavarI 1948, dillI meM dillI ke sAmpradAyika daMge ko zAMta karane aura sadbhAvanA sthApanA hetu prAtaHkAla prathama khurAka ke bAda upvaas| namaka, soDA, khaTTA-nIMbU mizrita athavA rahita jala ke atirikta aura kucha na lene kA nizcaya / upavAsa kI avadhi anizcita kAla, kintu 18 janavarI ko dopahara 12 bajakara 45 minaTa para prArthanA ke pazcAt upvaas-tyaag| 414 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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zikSA kA AzramI Adarza 1. lar3akoM aura lar3akiyoM ko eka sAtha zikSA denI caahiye| yaha bAlyAvasthA ATha varSa taka mAnI jaaye| 2. unakA samaya mukhyataH zArIrika kAma meM bItanA cAhiye aura yaha kAma bhI zikSaka kI dekharekha meM honA caahiye| zArIrika kAma ko zikSA kA aMga mAnA jaaye| 3. hara lar3ake aura lar3akI kI ruci ko pahacAnakara use kAma sauMpanA caahiye| 4. hara eka kAma lete samaya usake kAraNa kI jAnakArI karAnI caahiye| 5. lar3akA yA lar3akI samajhane lage, tabhI se use sAdhAraNa jJAna denA caahiye| usakA yaha jJAna akSara-jJAna se pahale zurU honA caahiye| 6. akSara-jJAna ko sundara lekhana-kalA kA aMga samajhakara pahale bacce ko bhUmitikI AkRtiyAM khIMcanA sikhAyA jAye; aura usakI aMguliyoM para usakA kAbU ho jAye, taba use varNamAlA likhanA sikhAyA jaae| yAni use zurU se hI zuddha akSara likhanA sikhAyA jaaye| 7. likhane se pahale baccA par3hanA siikhe| yAni akSaroM ko citra samajhakara unheM pahacAnanA sIkhe aura phira citra khiiNce| 8. isa taraha se jo baccA zikSaka ke mu~ha se jJAna pAyegA, vaha ATha varSa ke bhItara apanI zakti ke anusAra kAphI jJAna pA legaa| 9. baccoM ko jabarana kucha na sikhAyA jaaye| 10. ve jo sIkheM usameM unheM rasa AnA hI caahiye| 11. baccoM ko zikSA khela jaisI laganI caahiye| khela-kUda bhI zikSA kA aMga hai| 12. baccoM ko sArI zikSA mAtRbhASA dvArA honI caahie| 13. baccoM ko hindI-urdU kA jJAna rASTra bhASA ke taura para diyA jaaye| usakA Arambha akSara-jJAna se pahale honA caahiye| 14. dhArmika zikSA jarUrI mAnI jaaye| vaha pustaka dvArA nahIM, balki zikSaka ke AcaraNa aura ___ usake mu~ha se milanI caahiye| 15. nau se solaha varSa kA dUsarA kAla hai| 16. dUsare kAla meM bhI anta taka lar3ake-lar3akiyoM kI zikSA sAtha-sAtha ho to acchA hai| 17. dUsare kAla meM hindU bAlaka ko saMskRta aura musalamAna bAlaka ko arabI kA jJAna milanA caahiye| zikSA kA AzramI Adarza / 415

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18. isa kAla meM zArIrika kAma to cAlU hI rhegaa| par3hAI-likhAI kA samaya jarUrata ke anusAra bar3hAyA jAnA caahiye| 19. isa kAla meM mAtA-pitA kA dhaMdhA yadi nizcita rUpa se mAlUma ho, to bacce ko usI dhaMdhe kA jJAna milanA cAhiye aura use isa taraha taiyAra kiyA jAye ki vaha apane bApa-dAdA ke dhaMdhe se jIvikA calAnA pasanda kre| yaha niyama lar3akI para lAgU nahIM hotaa| 20. solaha varSa taka lar3ake-lar3akiyoM ko duniyA ke itihAsa aura bhUgola kA tathA vanaspati-zAstra, khagola-vidyA, gaNita, bhUmiti aura bIjagaNita kA sAdhAraNa jJAna ho jAnA caahiye| 21. solaha varSa ke lar3ake-lar3akI ko sInA-pironA aura rasoI banAnA A jAnA caahiye| 22. solaha so pacIsa varSa ke samaya ko maiM tIsarA kAla mAnatA huuN| isa kAla meM pratyeka yuvaka aura yuvatI ko usakI icchA aura sthiti ke anusAra zikSA mile| 23. nau varSa ke bAda Arambha hone vAlI zikSA svAvalambI honI caahiye| yAni vidyArthI par3hate hue aise udyogoM meM lage raheM, jinakI AmadanI se zAlA kA kharca cle| 24. zAlA meM AmadanI to pahale se hI honI caahiye| kintu zurU ke varSoM meM kharca pUrA hone lAyaka AmadanI nahIM hogii| 25. zikSakoM ko bar3I-bar3I tanakhvAheM bhI nahIM mila sakatIM, kintu ve jIvikA calAne lAyaka to ___ honI hI caahiye| zikSakoM meM sevA-bhAvanA honI caahiye| prAthamika zikSA ke lie kaise bhAvI zikSaka se kAma calAne kA rivAja nindanIya hai| sabhI zikSaka caritravAna hone caahiye| 26. zikSA ke lie bar3I aura kharcIlI imAratoM kI jarUrata nahIM hai| 27. aMgrejI kA abhyAsa bhASA ke rUpa meM bhI ho sakatA hai aura use pAThyakrama meM jagaha milanI caahiye| jaise hindI rASTrabhASA hai, vaise hI aMgrejI kA upayoga dUsare rASTroM ke sAtha ke vyavahAra aura vyApAra ke lie hai| 416 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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aNuvrata : AcAra saMhitA 1. maiM kisI bhI niparAdha prANI kA saMkalpapUrvaka vadha nahIM kruuNgaa| * Atma-hatyA nahIM kruuNgaa| . bhrUNa-hatyA nahIM kruuNgaa| 2. maiM AkramaNa nahIM kruuNgaa| . maiM AkrAmaka nIti kA samarthana nahIM kruuNgaa| . vizva-zAMti tathA niHzastrIkaraNa ke lie prayatna kruuNgaa| 3. maiM hiMsAtmaka evaM tor3aphor3a-mUlaka pravRttiyoM meM bhAga nahIM luuNgaa| 4. maiM mAnavIya ekatA meM vizvAsa kruuNgaa| . jAti-raMga Adi ke AdhAra para kisI ko UMca-nIca nahIM maanuuNgaa| . aspRzya nahIM maanuuNgaa| 5. maiM dhArmika sahiSNutA rkhuugaa| . sAmpradAyika uttejanA nahIM phailaauuNgaa| 6. maiM vyavasAya aura vyavahAra meM prAmANika rhuuNgaa| . apane lAbha ke lie dUsaroM ko hAni nahIM phuNcaauuNgaa| . chalanApUrNa vyavahAra nahIM kruuNgaa| 7. maiM brahmacarya kI sAdhanA aura saMgraha kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa kruuNgaa| 8. maiM cunAva ke saMbaMdha meM anaitika AcaraNa nahIM kruuNgaa| 9. maiM sAmAjika kurUr3hiyoM ko prazraya nahIM duuNgaa| 10. maiM vyasana-mukta jIvana jiiuuNgaa| .mAdaka tathA nazIle padArthoM : zarAba, gAMjA, carasa, heroina, bhAMga, taMbAkU Adi kA sevana nahIM kruuNgaa| 11. maiM paryAvaraNa kI samasyA ke prati jAgarUka rhuuNgaa| . hare-bhare vRkSa nahIM kaattuuNgaa| * pAnI kA apavyaya nahIM kruuNgaa| vidyArthI aNuvrata . maiM parIkSA meM avaidha upayoM kA sahArA nahIM luuNgaa| aNuvrata : AcAra saMhitA /417

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* zikSaka aNuvrata * . maiM hiMsAtmaka evaM tor3aphor3a - mUlaka pravRttiyoM meM bhAga nahIM lUMgA / maiM azlIla zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM karUMgA, azlIla sAhitya nahIM par3hegA tathA azlIla calacitra nahIM dekhuuNgaa| maiM mAdaka tathA nazIle padArthoM kA sevana nahIM karUMgA / maiM cunAva ke saMbaMdha meM anaitika AcaraNa nahIM karUMgA / maiM daheja se anubaMdhita evaM pradarzana se yukta vivAha nahIM karUMgA aura na bhAga lUMgA / maiM bar3e vRkSa nahIM kATUMgA aura pradUSaNa nahIM phailAUMgA / vyApArI aNuvrata * maiM khAdya padArtha me milAvaTa kara yA nakalI ko asalI batAkara nahIM becUMgA / * maiM tola - mApa meM kamI - bezI nahIM karUMgA / maiM rAjya - niSiddha vastu kA vyApAra aura AyAta-niryAta nahIM karUMgA, taskarI nahIM karUMgA / maiM sauMpI yA dharI (bandhaka) vastu ko lauTAne se inkAra nahIM karUMgA / maiM jamAkhorI nahIM kruuNgaa| maiM vidyArthI ke bauddhika-vikAsa ke sAtha caritra - vikAsa meM bhI sahayogI banUMgA / maiM vidyArthI ko uttIrNa karane meM avaidha upayoM kA sahArA nahIM lUMgA / mai apane vidyAlaya meM dalagata rAjanIti ko prazraya nahIM dUMgA aura na isake lie vidyArthiyoM ko protsAhita karUMgA / adhikArI/karmacArI aNuvrata maiM rizvata nahIM lUMgA / maiM apane prApta adhikAroM kA anucita prayoga nahIM karUMgA / maiM mAdaka aura nazIle padArthoM kA sevana nahIM karUMgA / * maiM mAdaka aura nazIle padArthoM kA sevana nahIM karUMgA / maiM aNuvrata-prasAra maiM apanA yoga dUMgA / * pratyAzI aNuvrata * maiM pralobhana aura bhaya se mana prApta nahIM karUMgA / maiM pratipakSI pratyAzI kA caritra hanana nahIM karUMgA / maiM matadAna aura matagaNanA ke samaya avaidha tarIkoM ko kAma meM nahIM luuNgaa| matadAtA aNuvrata maiM pralobhana aura bhaya se matadAna nahIM karUMgA / maiM jAlI nAma se matadAna nahIM karUMgA / 418 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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sandarbha grantha sUcI 1. aMgasuttANi bhAga -2 ( bhagavaI), AcArya tulasI / muni nathamala, 2031, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) 2. atharvaveda (prathama khaNDa), paM. zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, caturtha 1967, saMskRti saMsthAna khvAjA kutuba, (vedanagara) barelI (uttara-pradeza) 3. astitva aura ahiMsA, A. mahAprajJa / muni dulaharAja / dhanaMjaya kumAra, dUsarA : 1994, tulasI adhyAtma nIDam, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 4. aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, A. mahAprajJa / muni dulaharAja, dhanaMjaya kumAra, prathama 1995, Adarza sAhitya saMgha cUrU (rAja.) 5. apane ghara meM, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, 1988, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU 6. atIta kA basaMta vartamAna kA saurabha, AcArya mahAprajJa / muni dhanaMjayakumAra, prathama 1996, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAja.) 7. amUrta cintana, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa muni dulaharAja, tRtIya- 1992, tulasI adhyAtma nIDam, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) 8. amRta yoga, sAdhvI rAjImatI, 2000, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU 9. adhyAtma rAmAyaNa, munilAla, unnIsavAM - 2045, govinda bhavana-kAryAlaya gItA presa, gorakhapura 10. akAla puruSa gAMdhI, jainendra kumAra, julAI - 1969, pUrvodaya prakAzana, svatvaH pUrvodaya - prAiveTa limiTeDa, netAjI subhAva mArga, naI dillI - 6 11. aNu se pUrNa kI ora, zrI nagarAjajI / munizrI mahendrakumAra, prathama - 26 janavarI, 1958, golachA jJAna maMdira, virATanagara, (nepAla) 12. aNuvrata vizArad, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa muni sukhalAla, naitika pAThamAlA bhAga-2 nAmAntarita, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 13. adhyAtma kA prathama sopAnaH sAmAyika, AcArya mahAprajJa, muni dhanaMjayakumAra, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAja.) 14. appANaM zaraNaM gacchAmi, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, muni dulaharAja, 1992, tulasI AdhyAtma nIDam, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 15. arham, AcArya mahAprajJa muni dulaharAja, 1999, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU sandarbha grantha sUcI / 419

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16. ahiMsA (prathama bhAga) (saMpUrNa gAMdhI vAGmaya khaNDa-dasa), gAMdhIjI vizvanAtha zarmA, kamalApati tripAThI (anya), prathama-2.10.48, jayanAtha zarmA, kAzI vidyApITha prakAzana vibhAga, banArasa chAvanI 18. ahiMsA (tRtIya-bhAga) (saMpUrNa gAMdhI vAGmaya khaNDa-dasa), gAMdhIjI vizvanAtha zarmA, kamalApati tripAThI (anya), jUna, 1949, jayanAtha zarmA, kAzI vidyApITha prakAzana vibhAga, banArasa chAvanI 19. ahiMsA (caturtha-bhAga) (saMpUrNa gAMdhI vAGmaya khaNDa-dasa), gAMdhIjI vizvanAtha zarmA, kamalApati tripAThI (anya) navambara, 1949, jayanAtha zarmA, kAzI vidyApITha prakAzana vibhAga, banArasa chAvanI 20. Non-Violent Revolution, Acharya J. B. Kripalani, Feb.1938, Vio & Co. Publishus Ltd. 8, Round Building, Bombay 21. anubhava kA utpala, AcArya mahAprajJa, 1999, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 22. ahiMsA tattva darzana, muni nathamala chaganalAla zAstrI, agasta-1960, tRtIya-1988, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAja.) 23. ahiMsA uvAca AcArya mahAprajJa muni mohajIta kumAra, 2004, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, 3, porcugIja carca sTrITa, kolakAtA 24. ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, yuvAvArya mahAprajJa muni dulaharAja, dhanaMjaya kumAra, tRtIya mArca-1989, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) 25. ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA, muni nathamala, a.bhA. aNuvrata samiti, 210, dInadayAla upAdhyAya mArga, naI dillI 26. ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, AcArya mahAprajJa muni mohajIta kumAra, 16 pharavarI, 2003, jai. zve. terApaMthI mahAsabhA 3, porcugIja carca sTrITa, kolakAtA-1 27. ahiMsA viveka, muni zrI nagarAjajI munizrI mahendrumArajI 'prathama', 1962, jai. zve. terApaMthI mahAsabhA 3, porcugIja, carca sTrITa, kalakattA-1 28. ahiMsA prazikSaNa yAtrA DAyarI, DaoN. hIrAlAla zrImAlI, aNuvrata vizva bhAratI, vizva zAMti nilayam, rAjasamaMda (rAja.) 29. ahiMsA kI sahI samajha, muni nathamalajI, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, saradArazahara (rAja.) 30. ahiMsA aura zAMti, AcArya mahAprajJa, muni dulaharAja "dhanaMjaya ku.", 1999, Adarza sAhitya saMgha cUrU, (rAja.) 31. ahiMsA vyakti aura samAja, AcArya tulasI yuvAcArya mahAprajJa muni sukhalAla, prathama-1992, jaina vizva bhAratI, presa, iMsTITyUTa (DImDa yunivarsiTI), tulasI grAma, lADanUM 32. ahiMsA yAtrA : ikkIsavIM sadI kA kAlajayI Alekha, sAdhvI vimalaprajJA, 2003, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA 3, porcugIja sTrITa, kolakAtA-70001 33. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-1, muni sukhalAla, 2004, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA 3, porcugIja carcasTrITa kolakAtA 34. ahiMsA yAtrA ke amiTa padacihna, bhAga-2, muni sukhalAla, 2004, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA 3, porcugIja carcasTrITa kolakAtA 35. ahiMsA prazikSaNa : anubhUtiyA~, saMpA. bhagavAna lAla baMzIvAla paryavekSaka, akTUbara, 2010 420 / a~dhere meM ujAlA

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nAma : DaoN. sAdhvI saralayazA ziSyA : AcArya zrI mahAzramaNa jI janma : 30.11.1959, momAsara seThiyA parivAra vilakSaNa-samaNadIkSA : 9.11.1980 lADanU~, AcArya zrI tulasI ke kara-kamaloM se| muni-dIkSA : 24.1.1996, lADanUM, AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ke kara-kamaloM se zikSA : ema.e., pI-eca.DI. arhatA : prekSA prazikSikA, kAryazAlA saMcAlana, vaktRtva, lekhana saMpAdana aadi| yAtrA anubhava : asama, AMdhra pradeza, ur3IsA, uttara pradeza, karnATaka, gujarAta, chattIsagar3ha, tamilanADu, turA, nAgAlaiMDa, nepAla, paMjAba, baMgAla, bihAra, bhUTAna, madhya pradeza, mahArASTra, maNipura, meghAlaya, rAjasthAna, saurASTra, hriyaannaa|

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