Acharya Hemchandra

Author(s): V B Musalgaonkar
Publisher: Madhyapradesh Hindi Granth Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090003/1

Page #1
AcArya hemacandra C ara 271 akAdamI DaoN. vi. bhA. musalagA~vakara madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI

Page #2
4/50 prAkRta evaM jaina sAhitya ke vikhyAta evaM adhikArI vidvAna DA0 hIrAlAla jaina kI sammatti maiMne DA0 vi0 bhA0 musalagAMvakara dvArA racita "AcArya hemacandra" zIrSaka grantha kA avalokana kiyA hai| unhoMne apanI isa racanA ke TaMkita 200 pRSThoM meM AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana caritra aura unake saMskRta kAvya, dhyAkaraNa, alaGkAra, koza, chanda tathA dArzanika racanAoM kA vizeSa rupa se paricaya karAyA haiN| isameM na to apane viSaya ko bahuta vistAra diyA hai aura na itanA saMkSipta rakhA hai ki usakA sAmAnya rUpa se pUrNa jJAna na ho sake / isa prakAra ina kalikAlasarvajJa upAdhi prApta mahAna AcArya hemacandra kI vizAla sAhityika dena kA sarala aura subodha jJAna isa grantha se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / hindI meM aise bahuta kama grantha hai jinase AcArya hemacandra tathA unakI racanAoM kA chamagra rUpa se paricaya prApta kiyA jA ske| maiM isa saphala racanA ke lie DA0 musalagAMvakara kA abhinandana karatA hU~ aura AzA karatA hU~ ki unakI isa racanA ke prakAzita ho jAne se 12 vIM zatAbdI ke eka mahAna sAhityakAra kI saMskRta evaM saMskRti sambandhI dena ko samajhane samajhAne meM pAThako tathA vidvAnoM ko bahuta sahAyatA milegii| hIrAlAla jaina

Page #3
AcArya hemacandra lekhaka DA. vi. bhA. musalagAMvakara adhyAda madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI bhopAla

Page #4
prakAzaka: madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI, bhopAla @ madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI prathama saMskaraNa : 1971 mUlya : 40.00 mudraka : vijaya prinTarsa, 24 namakamaMDI, ujjaina (ma.pra.)

Page #5
prAkkathana isa bAta para sabhI zikSA zAstrI eka mata haiM ki mAtRbhASA ke mAdhyama se dI gayI zikSA chAtroM ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa evaM maulika cintana kI abhivRddhi meM adhika sahAyaka hotI hai / isI kAraNa svAtantrya Andolana ke samaya evaM usake pUrva se hI svAmI zraddhAnanda, ravIndranAtha Taigora evaM mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise dezamAnya netAoM ne mAtRbhASA ke mAdhyama se zikSA dene kI dRSTi se Adarza zikSA-saMsthAe~ sthApita kIM / svatantratA prApti ke bAda bhI deza meM zikSA sambandhI jo kamIzana yA samitiyA~ niyukta kI gayIM, unhoMne eka mata se isa siddhAnta anumodana kiyA / isa dizA meM sabase bar3I bAdhA thI- zreSTha pAThya-granthoM kA abhAva | hama saba jAnate haiM ki na kevala vijJAna aura takanIkI, apitu mAnavikI ke kSetra meM bhI vizva meM itanI tIvratA se naye anusandhAnoM aura cintanoM kA Agamana ho rahA hai ki yadi use ThIka DhaMga se gRhIta na kiyA gayA to mAtRbhASA se zikSA pAne vAle aMcaloM ke pichar3a jAne kI AzaMkA hai / bhArata sarakAra ke zikSA maMtrAlaya ne isa bAta kA anubhava kiyA aura bhArata kI kSetrIya bhASAoM meM vizvavidyAlayIna stara para utkRSTa pAThya-grantha taiyAra karane ke lie samucita Arthika dAyitva svIkAra kiyA / kendrIya zikSA mantrAlaya kI yaha yojanA usake zata pratizata anudAna se rAjya akAdamiyoM dvArA kAryAnvita kI jA rahI hai| madhyapradeza meM hindI grantha akAdamI kI sthApanA isI uddezya se kI gayI hai / akAdamI vizvavidyAlayIna stara kI maulika pustakoM ke nirmANa ke sAtha, vizva kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM bikhare hue jJAna ko hindI ke mAdhyama se prAdhyApakoM evaM vidyArthiyoM ko upalabdha karegI / isa yojanA ke sAtha rAjya ke sabhI mahAvidyAlaya tathA vizvavidyAlaya sambaddha haiM / merA vizvAsa hai ki sabhI zikSA

Page #6
(ba) zAstrI evaM zikSApremI isa yojanA ko protsAhita kreNge| prAdhyApakoM se merA anurodha hai ki ve akAdamI ke granthoM ko chAtroM taka pahu~cAne meM hameM sahayoga pradAna kareM, jisase binA aura vilamba ke vizvavidyAlayoM meM sabhI viSayoM ke zikSaNa kA mAdhyama hindI bana sake / jagadIza nArAyaNa avasthI zikSAmaMtrI, adhyakSa: madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI bhopAla

Page #7
prastAvanA bhAratIya cintana, sAhitya aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM AcArya hemacandra kA nAma atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / ve na kevala mahAn guru, samAja-sudhAraka evaM dharmAcArya hI the, apitu adbhuta pratibhA evaM sarjana-kSamatA se sampanna manISI bhI the| jahA~ eka ora unhoMne gujarAta ke itihAsa ko prabhAvita kiyA, jaina dharma ko eka nayA mor3a diyA evaM rAjya ko prerita kara samasta gurjarabhUmi ko ahiMsAmaya banA diyA, vahA~ unhoMne sAhitya, darzana, yoga, vyAkaraNa, chanda-zAstra, kAvya-zAstra, abhidhAna koza Adi vAGmaya ke sabhI mahatvapUrNa aGgoM para navIna sAhitya kI sRSTi kara, isa dizA meM bhI eka naye patha ko Alokita kiyA / jaina AcAryoM aura granthakAroM meM ve mUrdhanya haiM / saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM para unakA samAna adhikAra thaa| loga unheM 'kalikAlasarvajJa' ke nAma se pukArate the / mahArAja bhoja ke nAma se prakhyAta sArI racanAeM yadi unhIM kI hoM, to nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhoja ko chor3akara anya koI bhI racanAkAra itane adhika viSayoM meM aise supuSTa granthoM kA nirmANa nahIM kara skaa| aura bhoja kA sampUrNa sAhitya kevala saMskRta meM hai| AcArya hemacandra kA jIvana, racanA-kAla, kRtiyA~ tathA unake jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAe~, saubhAgyavaza, vivAda kA viSaya nahIM hai| jaina itihAsa ne unheM samhAla kara, saMjokara rakhA hai| unake aneka granthoM ke susampAdita saMskaraNa nikala cuke haiM / kaI vizvavidyAlayoM meM una para zodha kArya huA hai / hemacandra ke "kAvyAnuzAsana" ne unheM uccakoTi ke kAvyazAstrakAroM kI zreNI meM pratiSThita kiyA hai / unhoMne yadi pUrvAcAryoM se bahuta kucha liyA, to paravartI vicArakoM ko cintana ke lie vipula sAmagrI bhI pradAna kI / isalie yaha Avazyaka thA ki akAdamI unheM saMskRta kAvyAcAryoM kI zreNI meM ucita sthAna de / prastuta grantha

Page #8
isI zRGakhalA kI eka kar3I hai / isake praNetA DaoN0 vI0 bI0 musalagAMvakara rAjya ke suparicita vidvAna haiM / AcArya hemacandra unake adhyayana ke pramukha viSaya rahe haiN| merA vizvAsa hai ki DaoN. musalagAMvakara kI yaha kRti bhAratIya kAvyazAstra ke vidyArthiyoM kI AcArya-hemacandra-viSayaka jijJAsA kI pUrti karane meM sahAyaka siddha hogii| prabhudayAlu agnihotrI saMcAlaka : madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI

Page #9
viSaya sUcI 6 pRSTha prAkkathana prastAvanA adhyAya : 1 jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAeM 1-45 adhyAya:2 hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha 46-12 adhyAya:3 vyAkaraNa grantha hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ 83-102 adhyAya :4 alaGakAra grantha hemacandra ke alaGakAra-grantha'kAvyAnuzAsana' kA vivecana 103-11 adhyAya :5 koza-grantha 116-139

Page #10
adhyAya :6 dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha 140-168 adhyAya : 7 upasaMhAra bhAratIya sAhitya ko hemacandra kI dena AcArya hema candra kI bahumukhI pratibhA hemaprazastiH sandarbha grantha sUcI 166-198 166-200 201-207 citra-sUcI 1. AcArya hemacandra ( vi. sa. 1264 kI tAr3apatra-prati ke AdhAra para ) 2. AcArya hemacandra se sambandhita viziSTha sthAna

Page #11
AcArya hemacandra

Page #12
AcArya hemacandra wierania na ta rikan diri akan muka depan power you Do tamilniimmMIMIRMILJI [vi. saM. 1264 kI tAr3apatra-prati ke AdhAra para ]

Page #13
adhyAya : 1 jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ gujarAta kI mahatI paramparA yadyadvibhUtimatsatvaM zrI marjitameva vA / tattadevAvagaccha tvaM mama tejoM'zasambhavam // 1 bhagavAn kRSNa 'vibhUtiyoga' nAmaka adhyAya meM saMkSepa meM apanI yoga zakti kA varNana karate hue arjuna se kahate haiM --"jo jo bhI vibhUtiyukta arthAt aizvaryayukta, kAntiyukta aura prabhAvayukta vastu hai, usa usako tU mere teja ke aMza kI hI abhivyakti jAna" / AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana-caritra kA adhyayana karane se uparyukta bAta satya siddha hotI hai / yadyapi paristhiti manuSya kA nirmANa karatI hai, phira bhI anukUla paristhiti prApta hote hI mahApuruSa janma grahaNa karate haiM yaha bAta bhI sadaiva anubhava meM AtI hai| sAMskRtika dRSTi se gujarAtapradeza prArambha se hI agragAmI rahA hai| bhagavAna kRSNa ne dvAparayuga meM vahA~ dvArakA kI sthApanA kara usa pradeza ko vizeSa gaurava pradAna kiyA thA / isake pazcAt paurANika kAla meM bhI gujarAta sabhyatA evaM vibhinna dhArmika saMpradAyoM kA gar3ha rahA hai / zrI ka0 mA0 munzI ke anusAra dvitIya zatAbdI ke Arambha meM hI zrI lAkuliza ke prabhAva se gujarAta meM zaiva tathA pAzupata sampradAya kA bahuta prasAra huA thA / aitihAsika kAla meM bhI gujarAta vidyA pracAra kA bar3A kendra rahA / valabhI kA vizvavidyAlaya to suprasiddha hai| cInI yAtriyoM ne bhI 1-bhagavadgItA -adhyAya 10-41 2-gujarAta eNDa iTsa liTarecaraH inTroDakzana - peja 21. ke0 ema0 munzI

Page #14
AcArya hemacandra apane granthoM meM valabhI vizvavidyAlaya kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai / suprasiddha " bhaTTikAvya" jo hemacandra ke dvayAzraya kAvya kA Adarza rahA hai - valabhI meM hI racA gayA thA / ekamAtra mahAkAvya kI racanA kara amara hone vAle mahAkavi mAgha ne isI bhU-bhAga ko alaGkRta kiyA thA / kathA saritsAgara meM bhI valabhI kI prazaMsA pAyI jAtI hai / zrImAla bhI jaina vidyA kA bar3A kendra thA / siddharSi ne "upamitibhavaprapaJca kathA" vi0 saM0 662 jyeSTha zukla 5 guruvAra, punarvasu nakSatra meM samApta kI / yaha bhI gujarAta kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI zrImAla meM racI gaI thI / haribhadra- sUri ne zrImAla meM 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' aura anya bahuta se mahatvapUrNa jaina granthoM kI racanA kI / inakA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai / AcArya hemacandra bhI isI paraMparA ke sAdhakoM aura AcAryo kI zreNI meM Ate haiM / 2 zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke anusAra devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vartamAna jaina saMpradAya kA nirmANa kiyA / unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 80 varSa bAda arthAt 454 I0 meM vidyA tathA dharma ke kendra valabhI nagara meM jaina sampradAya ko vartamAna rUpa diyA / jaina sampradAya ke sabhI pramukha vidvAn vahA~ sabhA meM upasthita the tathA paryApta carcA evaM vicAravinimaya ke anantara jaina sampradAya ko adhikRta rUpa prApta huA / isI muni sammelana meM Agama granthoM ko susampAdita kiyA gayA / isa sammelana meM koI 45-46 granthoM kA saMkalana huA aura ye Aja taka supracalita haiM / ata: jaina sampradAya kI dRSTi se bhI valabhI nagara evaM gujarAta kSetra kA vizeSa mahatva hai / Anandapura ( Adhunika bar3anagara ) 10vIM zatAbdI taka vidyA kA kendra banA rahA, aisA ka0 mA0 munzI kA mata hai / aNahilavAr3a kA cAlukya rAjakula mUlarAja solaMkI dvArA pratiSThita huA / gujarAta anuvRtta se vidita hai ki mUlarAja kA pitA kannauja meM rAjA thA tathA usakI mAtA cAvaDA rAjakula kI kanyA thI / abhilekhoM meM bhI usake pitA ko mahArAjAdhirAja likhA gayA hai / usane apane mAmA ko mArakara cAvaDA kI gaddI hathiyA lI / sAmbhara ke 1 - sa viSNudatto vayasA pUrNaSoDazavatsaraH / gantu N pravavRte vidyA- prAptaye valabhI purIm // kathA saritsAgara - taraMga 32 / 2 - prabhAvak carita - siddharSi prabandha | 3 - prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa - DA0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI /

Page #15
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAeM abhilekha meM uddhRta tithi ke anusAra yaha ghaTanA I0 641 ke AsapAsa ghaTI hogii| mUlarAja kI pUrvatama jJAta tithi yahI hai / mUlarAja ne kaccha ko jItA, saurASTra meM gRharipu ko bandI banAyA aura lATa, zAkambharI tathA aneka rAjAoM se yuddha kiyaa| mUlarAja zivabhakta thaa| usane aneka ziva mandiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| vidvAnoM kA Adara karanA usakA vyasana thaa| zrI ka0 mA0 munzI ke anusAra mUlarAja ne sahasroM brAhmaNoM ko siddhapura meM basane ke liye bulAyA thaa| svAbhAvika hI hai ki ve apanA sAhitya vahA~ le Aye aura unhoMne apanI vidvattA kA yahA~ paramotkarSa kiyaa| tAmradAna-patra meM vikrama saM0 1051 antima tithi milatI hai / mUlarAja isa tithi se ekAdha varSa bAda marA hogA / mUlarAja ne "tripuruSa prAsAda" nAmaka ziva maMdira banavAyA / prabandha-cintAmaNi ke anusAra mUlarAja ne "zrI mUlarAja vasahikA" nAmaka jaina mandira bhI bnvaayaa| rAjA ne 55 varSa taka niSkaMTaka rAjya kiyaa| . phira cAmuNDarAja ne 13 varSa taka tathA usake putra vallabharAja ne 6 mAsa taka rAja kiyA / parAkramI hone se use 'jagat jhaMpana' kahA jAtA thaa| phira usakA choTA bhAI durlabharAja 11 varSa taka rAjya karatA rhaa| yaha bhI brAhmaNoM kA tathA ziva kA bhakta thaa| isane 'durlabha sara' nAmaka sarovara bnvaayaa| phira usake bhAI nAgarAja kA lar3akA bhIma rAjA huaa| durlabharAja ne dhavala-gRha rAjya-prAsAda banavAyA, 'vyayakaraNa hasti zAlA' banavAI / durlabharAja ne 12 varSa rAjya kiyaa| bhIma (1021-64 I.) ne lagabhaga 42 varSa rAjya kiyaa| bhIma ne kalacuri lakSmIkarNa se sandhi kara mAlavA ko harAyA thaa| phira bhIma ne lakSmIkarNa ko bhI hraayaa| isake rAjya meM bhI vidyA evaM kalA kI unnati huii| bhIma ke putra karNa ne I0 san 1064 se 1064 taka lagabhaga 30 varSa rAjya kiyaa| isake rAjya para paramAroM ne phira vijaya prApta karalI thii| karNa apane pitA ke samAna hI mahAparAkramI the / karNa ne aneka nirmANa kArya kiye / usane karNAvatI nAma kA nagara basAyA jahAM Aja ahamadAbAda sthita hai| karNa ne aneka 1 vaidika saMskRti cA vikAsa -le0 tarkatIrtha lakSmaNazAstrI joSI mahAvIra nirvANa 527 I. pU. vikramakAla se 470 varSa pUrva /

Page #16
AcArya hemacandra mandira banavAye evaM tAlAba khudvaaye| isa prakAra aNahillapurapATana ko solaMkiyoM ne dhIre-dhIre vikasita kiyA aura yaha nagarI zrImAla, valabhI tathA girinagara kI nagarazrI kI uttarAdhikAriNI huii| isa uttarAdhikAra meM kAnyakubja, ujjayinI evaM pATaliputra ke bhI saMskAra the| isa abhyudaya kI parAkASThA jayasiMha siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke samaya meM dikhAI dI aura pauna zatAbdI se adhika kAla taka sthira rhii| AcArya hemacandra isa yuga meM hue the| unheM isa saMskAra-samRddhi kA lAbha prApta huA yA / ve isa yuga kI mahAna kRti the, kintu Age cala kara ve yuga-nirmAtA bana gaye / 12 vIM zatAbdI meM pATaliputra, kAnyakubja, valabhI, ujjayinI, kAzI prabhRti samRddha zAlI nagaroM kI udAtta svarNima paramparA meM gujarAta ke aNahilapura ne bhI gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA / AcArya hemacandra ko pAkara gujarAta ajJAna, dhArmika rUr3hiyoM evaM andhavizvAsoM se mukta ho, zobhA kA samudra, guNoM kA Akara, kIrti kA kailAsa evaM dharma kA mahAna kendra bana gyaa| zAsakoM kI kalApriyatA ne nayanAbhirAma sthApatyoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| isa prakAra anukUla paristhiti meM kalikAla-sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra sarvajanahitAya evaM sarvopadezAya pRthvI para avatarita hue| bhImadeva prathama ke samaya meM zaivAcArya jJAnabhikSu aura suvihita jaina sAdhuoM ko pATana meM sthAna dilAne vAle purohita somezvara ke dRSTAnta prabhAvaka carita meM varNita haiM / bhImadeva prathama aura karNadeva ke kAla meM aNahilapurapATana deza-videza ke vikhyAta vidvAnoM ke samAgama aura nivAsa kA sthAna bana gayA thA, aisA prabhAvaka carita ke ullekhoM se mAlUma hotA hai / bhImadeva kA sandhi vigrahika 'vipra DAmara', jisakA hemacandra dAmodara ke nAma se ullekha karate haiM, apanI buddhimattA ke kAraNa prasiddha huA hogA, aisA jAna par3atA hai / karNa ke darabAra meM kAzmIrI kavi bilhaNa, jinhoMne 'karNasundarI' nAmaka nATaka likhA thA ( 1080-60 ); zaivAcArya jJAnadeva, purohita somezvara, surAcArya madhyadeza ke brAhmaNa paNDita zrIdhara aura zrIpati, jo Age jAkara jinezvara aura buddhisAgara ke nAma se jaina sAdhurUpa meM prasiddha hue; jayarAzi bhaTTa ke tatvopaplava kI yuktiyoM ke bala se pATana kI sabhA meM vAda karane vAlA bhRgukaccha (bhaDoMca)kA kaulakavi dharma, 1 -prabhAvak carita (nirNaya sAgara), pRSTha 206 se 346 / .

Page #17
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ tarka-zAstra ke praur3ha adhyApaka jainAcArya zAntisUri, jinakI pAThazAlA meM bauddha tarka meM se utpanna aura samajhane meM kaThina prameyoM kI zikSA dI jAtI thI aura isa tarkazAlA ke samartha chAtra municandrasUri ityAdi paNDita prakhyAta the| navAGgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri tathA bilhaNa ne karNadeva ke rAjya meM pATana ko suzobhita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra sabhI dRSTiyoM se sampanna samaya meM, anukUla yuga meM AcArya hemacandra avatarita hue| ___ saMskRta kaviyoM kA jIvana caritra likhanA eka kaThina samasyA hai / ina kaviyoM ne apane viSaya meM kucha bhI nahIM likhA hai / jinhoMne likhA bhI hai, vaha atyalpa hai / saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki AcArya hemacandra ke viSaya meM yatra-tatra paryApta tathya upalabdha hote haiM / AcArya ke jIvana-caritra ke sambandha meM unake svaracita granthoM meM kucha saMketa upalabdha hote haiN| apane yuga ke eka mahApuruSa tathA prasiddha-dharma pracAraka hone ke nAte samakAlIna tathA paravartI lekhakoM ne bhI unakI jIvanI para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai / dhArmika granthoM meM bhI unake viSaya meM yatra-tatra ullekha milatA hai| gujarAta ke tatkAlIna prasiddha rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha evaM kumArapAla ke dharmopadezaka hone ke kAraNa bhI aitihAsika lekhakoM ne AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana caritra para apanA abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai| zrI jinavijaya jI ke matAnusAra bhArata ke kisI prAcIna aitihAsika puruSa ke viSaya meM jitanI prAmANika aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai usakI tulanA meM hemacandra viSayaka sAmagrI vipulatara kahI jA sakatI hai / phira bhI AcArya zrI kA jIvana citrita karane ke liye vaha sarvathA apUrNa hai / 'kumArapAla pratibodha' (vi0 saM0 1241) ke racayitA zrI somaprabhasUri tathA 'moharAja parAjaya' ke racayitA yazapAla, AcArya hemacandra ke laghuvayaska samakAlIna the / ataH 'moharAja parAjaya' evaM 'kumArapAla pratibodha' ko AcArya kI jIvana-kathA ke liye mukhya AdhAra grantha tathA dUsare granthoM ko pUraka mAnanA cAhiye / (1) antaHsAkSya ke AdhAra para jIvanI ke saGketa - AcArya hemacandra ne apane svaracita granthoM meM kahIM-kahIM kucha apane viSaya meM saGaketa diyA hai / anta : sAkSya ke antargata mukhyatayA nimnalikhita prantha Ate haiM 1. dvayAzrayamahAkAvya (saMskRta tathA prAkRta) 1 -prastAvanA-pramANamImAMsA -jaina-sindhI granthamAlA /

Page #18
AcArya hemacandra 2. siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana-prazasti 3. triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita ke antargata -mahAvIracaritam yadyapi kevala antaHsAkSya ke AdhAra para unakA susambaddha jovana to lipibaddha nahIM ho sakatA, kintu jIvana kI ghaTanAoM para tathA unake vicAroM para avazya prakAza par3atA hai| (2) bahiHsAkSya kI prAmANikatA aura usake AdhAra para jIvanI ke saGketa . bahiHsAkSya ke antargata AcArya hemacandra ke caritra viSayaka nimnAGkita grantha AdhAra mAne jAte haiM1. zatArthakAvya ] zrI somaprabhari 2. kumAra-pAla pratibodha ] laghuvayaska samakAlIna vi. saM. 1241 3. moharAja parAjaya __ mantrI yazapAla vi. saM. 1228 se 1232 4. purAtana prabandhasaMgraha ajJAta 5. prabhAvak carita zrI prabhAcandrasUri vi. saM. 1334 6. prabandhacintAmaNi zrI merutuGgAcArya vi. saM. 1361 7. prabandhakoza zrI rAjazekharasUri vi. saM. 1405 8. kumArapAla prabandha zrI upAdhyAya jinamaNDana vi. saM. 1362 6. kumArapAla prabodha prabandha] zrI jayasiMhasUri vi. saM. 1422 10. kumArapAla caritam ] 11. vividhatIrthakalpa zrI jinaprabhasUri vi. saM. 1386 12 rasamAlA zrI alekjaNDara I. sa. 1878 kinlaoNka phALa 13. lAIpha oNpha hemacandra zrI DaoN. bUlhara I. sa. 1886 ___ Adhunika kAla meM upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para sarvaprathama jarmana vidvAn DaoN. bUlhara ne I. sa. 1886 meM viyanA meM AcArya hemacandra kA jIvana caritra likhaa| unakI yaha pustaka mUlataH jarmana bhASA meM prakAzita huI / tatpazcAt pro. DaoN. maNilAla paTela ne I0sa0 1636 meM isakA aGgrejI anuvAda kiyA jise sindhI-jaina jJAnapITha, vizvabhAratI, zAnti-niketana ne prakAzita kiyaa| AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana-caritra kA adhyayana karane ke liye yaha pustaka

Page #19
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ atyanta mahatvapUrNa evaM upAdeya hai / isameM DaoN. bUlhara ne ( 1 ) prabhAvak carita (2) prabandha cintAmaNi (3) prabandhakoza (4) kumArapAla pravandha tathA dvayAzraya kAvya, siddha hemaprazasti aura mahAvIra carita kA upayoga kiyA hai / 0 prAmANikatA ke viSaya meM Upara nirdiSTa cAroM grantha vizvasanIya mAne jAte haiM / gujarAta ke prAcIna itihAsa kI viziSTa zruti aura smRti ke AdhAra bhUta jitane bhI prabandhAtmaka aura caritrAtmaka grantha, nibandha Adi saMskRta yA prAcIna dezI bhASA meM upalabdha hote haiM una sabameM prabandha cintAmaNi kA sthAna viziSTa aura adhika mahatva kA hai ' / zrI rAjazekharasUri ne apane 'prabandhakoSa' meM, jinaprabhasUri ne 'vividhatIrthakalpa' meM, jinamaNDanopAdhyAya ne 'kumArapAlaprabandha' meM, jayasiMhasUri ne 'kumArapAla prabodha prabandha' meM, tathA inake bAda kaI granthakAroM ne apane granthoM meM prabandhacintAmaNi kA upayoga kiyA hai| zrI alekajeNDara kinlaoNka phArbas ne isakA upayoga 'rasamAlA' meM kiyA hai / bambaI sarakAra ne bambaI gajeTiyara meM bhI isakA upayoga kiyA hai / zrI sI. eca. TaoNnI ne I0 sa0 1901 meM sarvaprathama isakA aGgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA jo kalakattA eziyATika sosAyaTI ne prakAzita kiyA / yaha grantha pradhAnatayA aitihAsika prabandhoM kA saGgraha rUpa hai / isameM siddharAja jayasiMha evaM kumArapAla ke samaya kA varNana AdhArabhUta aura aitihAsika hai / inakI satyatA zilA lekhoM evaM tAmrapaTToM Adi se siddha hotI hai / prabandhacintAmaNi meM siddharAjAdi evaM kumArapAlAdi prabandhoM meM AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana se sambandhita paryApta jAnakArI milatI hai / zrI prabhAcandrasUri viracita prabhAvak carita bhI bar3e mahatva kA aitihAsika grantha hai / inhoMne AcArya hemacandra ke 'triSaSThizalAkA - puruSacarita' se preraNA prApta kara hemacandra ke 'parizaSThaparvan' se Age AcAryoM kA varNana prArambha kara hemacandrasUri taka AcAryoM ke caritra kA varNana kiyA hai| isameM tatkAlIna rAjAoM ke tathA AcAryoM ke sambandha meM prasaMgAnusAra aitihAsika vivaraNa hai / mahAkavi aura prabhAvazAlI dharmAcAryoM ke sambaMdha meM aitihAsika vivaraNa prastuta karanevAlA isa koTi kA dUsarA grantha nahIM hai / zrI rAjazekharasUri kRta prabandhakoza bahuta kucha prabandhacintAmaNi ke 1 - prabandhacintAmaNi - anu. hajArIprasAda dvivedI - sindhI jaina granthamAlA, 1940 prastAvanA

Page #20
- AcArya hemacandra samAna hI hai / hemacandrasUrI ke sambandha meM eka jagaha granthakAra svayaM kahate haiM ki ina AcArya ke jIvana ke sambandha meM jo-jo bAteM prabandhacintAmaNi grantha meM likhI gaIM haiM, unakA varNana karanA carvita-carvaNa mAtra hogaa| hama yahA~ para kucha navIna vivaraNa hI prastuta karanA cAhate haiN| phira bhI prabandhacintAmaNI kI apekSA bhaneka viziSTa aura vizvasanIya bAtoM kA isameM saGkalana hai| isameM 'hemasUri prabandha' AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana se sambandhita hai| 'purAtana prabandha saGagraha' aitihAsika prabandhoM eka kA saMgraha hai jo 'prabandha cintAmaNi' se sambaddha hai| isameM hemacandra ke jIvana kA vizada rupa se varNana kiyA gayA hai| unake viSaya meM kiMvadantiyoM kA bhI yahA~ saMGagraha kiyA gayAhai / 'purAtana prabandha-saMGagraha' ke hemacandrasUri ke prabandhoM meM 58, 56, 60, 61 tathA 63 saMkhyA ke prakaraNoM aura 'prabandhakoza saMGagraha' ke 83, 84, 85 tathA 86 prakaraNoM meM samAnatA hai / ataH 'purAtanaprabandha saMGagraha' hemacandra kA jIvana lipibaddha karane meM atyanta sahAyaka hai| sambhavataH DaoN. bUlhara apane grantha meM isakA upayoga nahIM kara paaye| AcArya jinamaNDanopAdhyAya ke 'kumArapAla prabandha' meM vizeSa rupa se kumArapAla dvArA mAnya hiMsA'hiMsA kA varNana hai| isameM hemacandra-viSayaka koI navIna jAnakArI nahIM hai / prabandhakoza meM varNita jAnakArI hI inhoMne bhI dI hai| isake sAtha hI jayasiMhasUri tathA cAritra sundaragaNi kA 'kumArapAla carita' bhI dekhane yogya hai / candrasUri kA 'munisuvratasvAmicarita' bhI isa dRSTi se upAdeya itane vizvasanIya grantha hote hue bhI zrI somaprabhAcArya viracita 'kumArapAla pratibodha' tathA yazaHpAla ke 'moharAjaparAjaya' ke binA AcArya hemacandra kA jIvana prAmANikatA se nahIM likhA jA sakatA / samakAlIna hone se ina donoM kA mahattva kahIM adhika hai / zrI somaprabhasUri tathA yazapAla donoM hI hemacandra ke laghuvayaska samakAlIna the / 'moharAjaparAjaya' nATaka meM hemacandra ke caritra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, yadyapi caritrAGkana karanA usakA dhyeya nahIM hai| vizeSa rupa se hemacandra ke upadeza prabhAva se tatkAlIna rAjA kumArapAla ne kisa 1 -kiM carvita carvaNena ? navInAstu kecana prabandhAH prakAzyante prabandhakozaH hemacandrasUri prabandha-10

Page #21
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ prakAra vyasanoM ko chor3akara vairAgya dhAraNa kiyA, isakA varNana 'moharAjaparAjaya' meM pAyA jAtA hai| somaprabhasUri ke 'kumArapAla pratibodha' meM hemacandra dvArA kumArapAla ke liye samaya-samaya para diyA huA upadeza saGagrahIta hai| lekhaka kA mata hai ki yadyapi sAmagrI bahuta hai phira bhI kevala jaina dharmAnukUla sAmagrI kA hI upayoga kiyA gayA hai, jaise pAkazAlA meM aneka padArtha hone para bhI koI apanI ruci ke anusAra hI padArtha grahaNa karatA hai / yaha grantha hemacandra kI mRtyu ke gyAraha-bAraha varSa pazcAt hI prakAzita huaa| lokazruti hai ki isa grantha kI racanA hemacandra ke nivAsagRha meM hI kI gayI thI tathA unake tIna ziSyoM ne isakA sampUrNa pATha sunA thA / ataH hemacandra ke jIvanacaritra ke viSaya meM yaha grantha sabase adhika prAmANika mAnA jAnA cAhiye, kintu kheda hai ki kevala isake AdhAra para acAryajI kA jIvana-caritra lipibaddha karanA kaThina hI nahIM varan asambhava hai / isa grantha meM unake dharmopadeza kA hI vizeSa varNana hai tathA jIvana kI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ chor3a dI gaI haiM aura kucha ghaTanAoM kA kAvyamaya atirakSita varNana kiyA gayA hai / ataH AcArya hemacandra kA jIvana-caritra likhane ke samaya zrI somaprabhasUri ke grantha ko AdhAra mAnakara dUsare anya lekhakoM dvArA nirdiSTa sAmagrI kA upayoga karanA bhI Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| jIvana-carita AcArya hemacandra kA janma gujarAta meM ahamadAbAda se sATha mIla dUra dakSiNa-pazcima meM sthita 'dhundhukA' nagara meM vi. saM. 1145 meM kArtikI pUrNimA kI rAtri meM huA thA / saMskRta grantha meM ise 'dhundhukka nagara' yA 'dhundhukapura' bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha prAcIna kAla meM suprasiddha evaM samRddhizAlI nagara thA / inake mAtA-pitA mor3ha vaMzIya vaizya the| pitA kA nAma 'cAciga athavA cAca' aura 1-kumArapAla pratibodha-gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIja bar3audA 1920 pRSTha 3-zloka 30-31 2-prabhAvak carita-prabhAcandrasUri-hemasUri prabandha, zloka 11-12 dhundhukkapurAtana prabandha saMgraha, dhundhukkapura-prabandhakoza, dhundhukka-prabandha cintAmaNi bandhUka-prabhAvakcarita / 'baMdhUkamiva bandhUkaM deze tatrAsti satpuram' 3-mor3hakule-purAtana prabandha saGagraha, mor3ha : jJAtIya-prabandhakoza, mor3havaMzeprabandhacintAmaNi,

Page #22
AcArya hemacandra mAtA kA nAma 'pAhiNI devI thaa| pitA ke cAcca, cAca, cAciga ye tInoM nAma milate haiN| inake vaMzajoM kA nikAsa (niSkramaNa) morA grAma se huA thaa| ata: yaha mor3havaMzIya kahalAye / Aja bhI isa vaMza ke vaizya 'zrI mor3ha baNiye' kahe jAte haiN| inakI kuladevI 'cAmuNDA' aura kulayakSa 'gonasa' thaa| mAtApitA ne devatA-prItyartha ukta donoM devatAoM ke AdyantakSara lekara bAlaka kA nAma cAGgadeva rakhA / ataH AcArya hemacandra kA mUlanAma cAGgadeva par3A / mAtA-pitA ke sampradAya ke viSaya meM kucha saGketa mAtra prApta hote haiN| rAjazekharasUri ke prabandhakoza ke anusAra bAlaka cAGgadeva kI mAtA pAhiNI aura mAmA neminAga donoM hI jaina dharmAvalambI the| isakI puSTi 'kumArapAla prabandha meM' jinamaNDanopAdhyAya ne bhI kI hai| purAtana prabandha saGagrahakAra tathA merutuGgAcArya donoM isa viSaya meM mauna hai, kintu inake pitA ko mithyAtvI kahA gayA hai / prabandhacintAmaNi ke anusAra inake pitA zaiva pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki udayanamantrI dvArA rupaye diye jAne para unhoMne 'ziva nirmAlya' zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA hai aura una rupayoM ko zivanirmAlya ke samAna tyAjya kahA hai" / kuladevI kA cAmuNDA honA bhI yaha saGaketa karatA hai ki vaMza-paramparA se inakA parivAra ziva-pArvatI kA upAsaka thaa| gujarAta meM gyArahavIM zatI meM zaiva-mata kI pradhAnatA rahI hai kyoMki cAlukyoM ke samaya meM gujarAta meM gAMva-gAMva meM sundara zivAlaya suzobhita the| saMdhyA samaya una zivAlayoM meM hone vAlI zaMkha dhvani aura ghaNTAnAda se sArA gujarAta guJjita ho jAtA thA / pAhiNI ke jaina dharmAvalambino aura cAciga ke zaiva dharmAvalambI hokara eka sAtha rahane meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| prAcInakAla meM dakSiNa bhArata 1-cAhiNI-kumArapAla pratibodha, tathA purAtana prabandha saGagraha, gehini pAhini tasya dehinI mandirendarA-prabhAvak carita zloka-848 pRSTha 337, caGgI vIra vaMzAvali-sAhitya saMzodhaka traimAsika khaNDa 1 aMka 3 punaH 2-kumArapAla pratibodha pRSTha 478, baoNmbe gaz2ITiyara peja 191 / prabandhacintAmaNi-hemaprabhasUri caritram pRSTha 83 / 3-ekadA neminAga nAmnA....dIkSA yAcate / pravandhakoza hemasUri prabandha / 4-purAtana prabandha saDagraha tathA prabandha cintAmaNi, pRSTha 75, 77 tathA 83 / 5-prabandha cintAmaNi hemasUri caritram,....cAcigaH taM vRtAntaM....zivanirmAlya mivAspRzyo me dravya-saMcayaH /

Page #23
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ 15 aura gujarAta meM aise aneka parivAra the jinameM patnI aura pati kA dharma bhinna thaa| svayaM gujarAta ke rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha kI mAtA jaina thI aura vaha svayaM zaiva dharmAvalambI thA' / somaprabhamUri ne hemacandra ke pitA ke viSaya meM itanA hI kahA hai ki ve deva aura gurujana kI arcA karane vAle the / usI prakAra mAtA ke viSaya meM ve kevala zIla kA varNana karate haiM / prabaMdhoM meM ullekha prApta hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra apane samaya ke bahuta bar3e AcArya the ataH unakI mAtA ko bhI uccAsana milatA thA / bahuta sambhava hai, mAtA ne bAda meM jaina dharma kI dIkSA le lI ho / hemacandra ke mAmA neminAga avazya jaina athavA jaina dharmAnurAgI mAluma par3ate hai| 'kumArapAla pratibodha' meM zrI somaprabhasUri ne AcArya hemacandra ke janma kI koI tithi nahIM dI hai / dhundhukA meM janma huA athavA anyatra isa viSaya meM bhI unakA kathana spaSTa nahIM hai| unake pAsa hemacaritra viSayaka sAmagrI paryApta thI kintu usa sAmagrI meM se unhoMne rasAnukUla evaM jaina-dharmAnukUla sAmagrI kA hI upayoga kiyA hai / isaliye hamAre caritra nAyaka ke viSaya meM bahuta sA vRtAnta gUr3ha bhI raha gayA hai| bAlaka cAGgadeva jaba garbha meM thA taba mAtA ne Azcaryajanaka svapna dekhe the / rAjazekhara ke anusAra hemacandra ke mAmA neminAga ne apanI bahana kA svapna gurudeva ke sammukha kaha sunAyA, "jaba cAGgadeva garbha meM thA taba merI bahana ne svapna meM eka Ama kA sundara vRkSa dekhA thA, jo sthAnAntara meM bahuta phalavAna hotA huA dikhalAI pdd'aa| isa para devacandra gurU ne kahA ki use sulakSaNa sampanna putra hogA jo dIkSA lene yogya hogA"4 / sobhaprabhasUri bhI aise svapnoM kA varNana karate haiN| eka bAra AcArya devacandra dharmapracArArtha dhundhukA Aye taba hemacandra kI mAtA pAhiNI ne kahA-"maiMne svapna meM aisA dekhA hai ki mujhe cintAmaNi ratna 1-gujarAta eNDa iTsa liTarecara-ke0 ema0 munzI, adhyAya-4 hema enDa hija ttaaiims| . 2-"kayadeva gurUjaNcco cacco"-kumArapAla pratibodha / 3-prabandha cintAmaNi pRSTha 83-jaina sindhI granthamAlA / 4-prabandhakoza-hemasUri prabandha-asmiMzca garbhasthe mama bhaninyA........ mahatpAtramasI yogyaHsulakSaNo dIkSaNIyaH'

Page #24
ri AcArya hemacandra prApta ho gayA hai jo maiMne Apako de diyA" / gurUjI ne kahA ki isa svapna kA yaha phala hai ki tere eka cintAmaNi-tulya putra hogA, parantu gurU ko sauMpa dene se vaha sUrirAja hogA, gRhastha nahIM / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra apanI mRtyu ke bAraha varSa pazcAt hI daivI puruSa bana gaye jinake viSaya meM adbhuta kiMvadantiyA~ logoM meM pracalita ho gayIM thIM / svapna ke sambandha meM anya granthoM meM bhI varNana milatA hai| 'prabhAvaka carita' ke anusAra bhI pAhiNI ne garbhAvasthA meM svapna meM dekhA ki usane cintAmaNi ratna apane AdhyAtmika parAmarzadAtA guru ko sauMpa diyA / usane yaha svapna sAdhu devacandrAcArya ke sammukha kaha sunaayaa| sAdhu devacandra ne isa svapna kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA ki use eka aisA putraratna prApta hogA jo jaina-siddhAnta kA sarvatra pracAra evaM prasAra karegA / isa prakAra hemacandra ke janma ke pUrva hI unakI bhavitavyatA ke zubha lakSaNa prakaTa hone lage the| mahApuruSa ke janma ke pUrva isa prakAra zubha lakSaNa prakaTa hone kI paramparA bhAratavarSa meM rahI hai| mAtA pitA kI ora se utkRSTa saMskAra jise prApta haiM, vaha santAna yugapravartaka nikalatI hai / bAlyakAla:-zikSA dIkSA evaM AcAryatva / zizu cAGgadeva bahuta honahAra thA / gautamabuddha ke samAna zaizavakAla se hI dharma ke atirikta kisI viSaya meM bAlaka cAGgadeva kA mana nahIM ramatA thaa| vaha apanI mAtA ke sAtha mandira jAyA karatA thA evaM pravacanoM kA zravaNa karatA thaa| zrI somaprabhasUri ke anusAra eka bAra pUrNatalagaccha ke devacandrasUri vihAra karate hue dhundhukA Aye / vahA~ cAGgadeva tathA usakI mAtA cAhinI ( pAhiNI) ne devacandra ke upadezoM ko dhyAna se sunA / upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara vaNika kumAra cAGgadeva ne prArthanA kI "bhagavan sucAritra rUpI jalayAna dvArA isa saMsAra samudra se pAra lgaaiye"| taba mAmA neminAga ne guru se cAGgadeva kA paricaya karAyA / bAlaka kA sAdhu banane kA nizcaya ho gayA thaa| guru devacandra ne bhI dIkSA ke liye cAGgadeva kI mAMga kI, kintu ve pitA kI AjJA avazya cAhate the| 1-kumArapAla pratibodhaH,pRSTha 478 2-prabhAvaka carita,pRSTha 268, zloka 27 se 45 gA0, o0, sI0 1920 3-jaina zAsana pAyodhi kaustubha:-saMbhavI suta / tavastavakRtoyasya devA api suvRttataH // 16 // prabhAvak carita-hemasUri prabandha 4-kumArapAla pratibodhaH, gA0 o0 sI0 1940 / pRSTha 21-22

Page #25
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAeM pitA ne santAna mohavaza svecchA se anumati nahIM dii| isaliye cAGgadeva mAmA kI anumati se cala par3A tathA muni devacandra ke sAtha ho gayA aura unake sAtha stambhatIrtha (khambhAta) gyaa| isa prakAra somaprabhasUri ke anusAra cAGgadeva ko pitA kI anumati nahIM milI thii| mAtA kI sammati ke viSaya meM ve mauna haiM / unake anusAra bAlaka cAGgadeva svayam hI dIkSA ke liye dRr3ha thaa| isa kArya meM cAGgadeva ke mAmA ne use azvayameva protsAhana diyaa| pAMca yA ATha varSa ke bAlaka ke liye aisI dRr3hatA zaMkA kA viSaya hai aura isa zaMkA kA manovijJAna kI dRSTi se zAyada nirAkaraNa ho sakatA hai| sambhava hai kevala sAhitya kI chaTA lAne ke liye somaprabhasUri ne yaha varNana kiyA ho / khambAta meM jaina saMgha kI anumati se cAGgadeva ko dIkSA dI gaI aura unakA nAma somacandra rakhA gayA tadantara tapazcaryA meM lIna hemacandra ne thor3e hI dinoM meM apAra jJAna rAzi saMcita kI / gurujI ne unheM sabhI zramaNoM ke netA, gAndhAra athavA AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| sacamuca hemacandra meM kucha alaukika zaktiyA~ vidyamAna thii| somacandra kA zarIra suvarNa ke samAna tejasvI evaM candramA ke samAna sundara thaa| isaliye ve hemacandra kahalAye / zrI kRSNamAcAriyara ke anusAra eka bAra somacandra ne zakti pradarzana ke liye apane bAhU ko agni meM rakha diyaa| lekina Azcaryajanaka rUpa se somacandra kA jalatA hAtha sone kA bana gyaa| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt somacandra hemacandra ke nAma se prasiddha ho gye| merUtuGgasUri ke 'prabandhacintAmaNi' meM yahI vRttAnta kucha rUpAntara meM milatA hai / eka samaya zrI devacandrAcArya aNahilapattana se prasthAna kara tIrtha yAtrA ke prasaMga meM dhundhukA pahu~ce aura vahA~ mor3havaMziyoM kI vasahI-jaina mandira meM devadarzana ke liye gye| usa samaya zizu cAGgadeva kI Ayu ATha varSa kI thii| khelatekhelate apane samayayaska bAlakoM ke sAtha cAGgadeva vahA~ A gayA aura apane bAlacApalya svabhAva se devacandrAcArya kI gaddI para bar3I kuzalatA se jA baitthaa| usake alaukika zubha lakSaNoM ko dekhakara AcArya kahane lage, 'yadi yaha bAlaka kSatriyotpanna hai to avazya sarvabhaumarAjA bnegaa| yadi yaha vaizya athavA vipra 1--"To demonstrate his powers he set his arms in a blazing fire and his father found to his surprise the flashing arm turned into gold." - History of classical sanskrit literature krisbaomacharior, Page 173-174

Page #26
1.4 - AcArya hemacandra kulotpanna hai to mahAmAtya banegA aura yadi kahIM isane dIkSA grahaNa karalI to yuga-pradhAna ke samAna avazya isa yuga meM kRtayuga kI sthApanA karane vAlA hogA' / cAGgadeva ke sahaja sAhasa, zarIra sauSThava, ceSTA, pratibhA evaM bhavyatA ne AcArya ke mana para gaharA prabhAva DAlA aura ve sAnurAga usa bAlaka ko prApta karane kI abhilASA se usa nagara ke vyAvahArikoM ko sAtha le svayaM cAciga ke nivAsa sthAna para padhAre / usa samaya cAciga yAtrArtha bAhara gaye hue the| ataH unakI anupasthiti meM unakI vivekavatI patnI ne samucita svAgata-satkAra dvArA atithiyoM ko santuSTa kiyaa| AcArya devacandra ne cAGgadeva ko prApta karane kI abhilASA prakaTa ko| AcArya dvArA putrayAcanA kI bAta jAnakara putra gaurava se apanI AtmA ko gauravAnvita samajha kara prajJAvatI harSa-vibhora ho azrupAta karane lgii| pAhiNI devI ne AcArya ke prastAva kA hRdaya se svAgata kiyA aura vaha apane "adhikAra kI sImA kA avalokana kara lAcArI prakaTa karatI huI bolI, "prabho ! santAna para mAtA pitA donoM kA adhikAra hotA hai, gRhapati bAhara gaye hue haiM, ve mithyAdRSTi bhI haiM, ataH maiM akelI isa putra ko kaise de sakU~gI ?" pAhiNI ke isa kathana ko sunakara pratiSThat seTha sAhUkAroM ne uttara diyaa| "tuma ise apane adhikAra se gurujI ko de do| gRhapati ke Ane para unase bhI svIkRti le lI jAyagI" / pAhiNI ne upasthita jana-samudAya kA anurodha svIkAra kara liyA aura apane putraratna ko AcArya ko sauMpa diyA2 / AcArya isa prabhaviSNu putra ko prApta kara atyanta prasanna hue aura unhoMne bAlaka se pUchA 'vatsa ! tU hamArA ziSya banegA' ? cAGgadeva ne uttara diyA 'jI hA~ avazya banUMgA' / isa uttara se AcArya atyadhika prasanna hue| unake mana meM yaha AzaMkA banI huI thI ki cAciga yAtrA se vApisa lauTane para kahIM ise chIna na leN| ataH ve use apane sAtha le jAkara karNAvatI pahu~ce aura vahA~ udayana mantrI ke pAsa use rakha diyA / udayana usa samaya jaina saMgha kA sabase bar3A prabhAvazAlI vyakti thA / ata: usake 1-saca aSTavarSa dezyaH....."vivekinyA svAgatAdimiH paritoSitaH / prabandhacintAmaNi-hemasUricaritram pRSTha 83 / dhundhuka ke cAciga cAhiNI..."mAtrA svAgatAdinA zrI saMghastoSita purAtana prabandha saGagraha hemasUri prabandha / 2-kevalaM pitroranujJAM..."dIkSAM lalau-prabandhakoSa hemasUriprabandha-10

Page #27
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ saMrakSaNa meM cAGgadeva ko rakhakara AcArya devacandra nizcinta honA cAhate the| cAciga jaba pravAsa se lauTA to vaha apane putra sambandhI ghaTanA ko sunakara bahuta dukhI huA tathA tatkAla karNAvatI kI aura cala diyaa| putra ke apahAra se vaha dukhI thA, ataH guru devacandrAcArya kI bhI pUrI bhakti na kara sakA / jJAnarAzi AcArya tatkAla usake mana kI bAta samajha kara usakA moha dUra karane ke liye amRtamayI vANI meM upadeza dene lge| isI bIca AcArya ne udayana mantrI ko apane pAsa bulA liyA aura mantrivara ne bar3I caturAI ke sAtha cAciga se vArtAlApa kiyA aura dharma ke bar3e bhAI hone ke nAte zraddhApUrvaka apane ghara le gayA aura bar3e satkAra ke sAtha use bhojana karAyA / tadanantara usakI goda meM cAGgadeva ko biThA kara paJcAGga sahita tIna duzAle aura tIna lAkha rupaye bheMTa kiye / kucha to guru ke upadeza se cAciga kA citta dravIbhUta ho gayA thA aura aba isa sammAna ko pAkara vaha snehavihvala hokara bolA, "Apa to 3 lAkha rupaye dete hue udAratA ke chala meM kRpaNatA prakaTa kara rahe haiM / merA putra amUlya hai| parantu sAtha hI, maiM dekhatA hUM ki ApakI bhakti usakI apekSA kahIM adhika amUlya hai ataH isa bAlaka ke mUlya meM apanI bhakti hI rahane dIjiye / Apake dravya. kA to maiM zivanirmAlya ke samAna sparza bhI nahIM kara sktaa"| cAciga ke isa kathana ko sunakara udayana mantrI bolA "Apa apane putra ko mujhe sauMpeMge, to usakA kucha bhI abhyudaya nahIM ho sakegA, parantu yadi ise Apa pUjyapAda guruvarya ke caraNAravinda meM samarpita kareMge to vaha gurupada prApta kara bAlendu ke samAna tribhuvana meM pUjya hogaa| ata: Apa soca vicAra kara uttara diijiye| Apa putra-hitaiSI haiM, sAtha hI Apa meM dharma saMskRti ke saraMkSaNa kI mamatA bhI hai" / mantrI ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara cAciga ne kahA, "ApakA vacana hI pramANa hai / maiMne apane putra ratna ko gurujI ko bheMTa kara diyA" / devacandrAcArya ina vacanoM ko sunakara bahuta prasanna hue aura dharma pracAra kI mahattvakAMkSA se unakA mukhakamala vikasita ho gayA / isake pazcAt udayana mantrI ke sahayoga se cAciga ne cAGgadeva kA dIkSA 1-taiH gurubhi""pAlyamAna-prabandhacintAmaNi / AcArya prazne""bAndhavabhaktyA prIta-purAtana prabandha saGgraha / 2-tAvadA grAmAntarAdAgata ""aspRzyo me dravyasaJcaya-prabandhacintAmaNi / .. tadanu cAGgadevaM tadutsaGge nivezya"tatau gurubhyodadau-purAtana prabandha snggrh| .

Page #28
AcArya hemacandra mahotsava sampanna kiyA' / caturvidha saGgha ke samakSa devacandrAcArya ne stambhatIrtha ke pArzvanAtha caityAlaya meM dhUmadhAmapUrvaka dIkSA saMskAra sampAdita kiyA aura cAGgadeva ko dIkSAnAma somacandra diyA / bAda meM vaha bAlaka pratibhAyukta hone ke kAraNa agastya RSi ke samAna samasta vAGmayarupa samudra ko cullU meM rakhakara pI gyaa| guru ke diye hue hemacandra nAma se prasiddha huaa| yaha 36 sUriguNoM se alaGkRta sUripada para abhiSikta huaa| upAdhyAya jinamaNDana ke anusAra eka bAra jaba cAGgadeva guru devacandrasUri ke Asana para jA baiThA taba unhoMne mAtA pAhiNI se kahA "suzrAvike ! tUne eka bAra jo svapna kI carcA kI thI usakA phala A~khoM ke sAmane A gayA hai"| tadanantara devacandra saGgha ke sAtha cAGgadeva kI yAcanA karane ke liye pAhiNI ke nivAsa sthAna para gaye / pAhiNI ne gharavAloM kA virodha sahakara bhI apanA putra devacandra ko sauMpa diyaa| rAjazekharasUri ke prabandhakoza ke anusAra AcArya devacandra kI dharmopadeza sabhA meM neminAga nAmaka zrAvaka ne uThakara kahA ki 'bhagavan, yaha merA bhAnjA ApakA upadeza sunakara prabuddha ho dIkSA mA~gatA hai / jaba yaha garbha meM thA taba merI bahana ne svapna dekhA thA' / gurujI ne kahA 'isake mAtA-pitA kI anumati Avazyaka hai|' isake pazcAt mAmA neminAga ne bahana ke ghara pahuMca kara bhAnaje ke vrata ke liye yAcanA kii| mAtA-pitA ke virodha karane para bhI cAGgadeva ne dIkSA dhAraNa karalI / prabhAvakcarita ke anusAra jaba cAGgadeva pA~ca varSa kA huA taba vaha apanI mAtA ke sAtha deva mandira meM gayA / vahA~ mAtA pUjA karane lagI to vaha AcArya devacandra kI gaddI para jAkara baiTha gyaa| AcArya ne pAhiNI ko svapna ko yAda dilAI aura use Adeza diyA ki vaha apane putra ko ziSya ke rupa meM unheM samarpita karade / pAhiNI ne apane pati kI ora se kaThinAI upasthita hone 1-itthaM cAcige"mumudetarAma-prabandhacintAmaNika-kumArapAlAdi prabandha / 2-caturvidha saGgha ''zrAvaka, zrAvikA, sAdhu, sAdhvI / 3-prabhAvakcaritam-hemacandrasUri prabandham zloka 36 / 4-kumArapAla prabandha zloka,45-50 / 5-prabandha koza-10 hemasUriprabandha /

Page #29
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ kI bAta khii| isa para devacandrAcArya mauna ho gye| taba pAhiNI ne anicchApUrvaka apanA putra AcArya ko bheMTa kara diyaa| tatpazcAt devacandra bAlaka ko apane sAtha stambha tIrtha le gye| yaha stambha tIrtha Ajakala khambAta kahalAtA hai / yaha dIkSA saMskAra vi0 saM0 1150 meM mAgha zukla caturdazI zanivAra ko huaa| jyotiSa ke anusAra kAlagaNanA karane para mAgha zukla caturdazI ko zanivAra vi0 saM0 1154 meM par3atA hai, vi0 saM0 1150 meM nhiiN| ata: prabhAvakcarita kA ukta saMvat azuddha mAlUma par3atA hai| jinamaNDana kRta 'kumArapAla prabandha' meM vi0saM0 1154 hI diyA hai / dIkSA dene ke samaya hemacandra kI Ayu sambhavataH ATha varSa kI rahI hogI / jaina zAstroM ke anusAra dIkSA ke samaya 8 varSa kI Ayu hI honI cAhiye / 'prabandhacintAmaNi','prabandhakoza', 'purAtana prabandha saGgraha' Adi grantha dIkSA ke samaya hemacandra kI Ayu ATha varSa kI hI batAte haiM / ataH dIkSA samaya saM0 1154 hI upayukta pratIta hotA hai / vi0saM0 1150 meM hemacandra karNAvatI pahuMce tathA mAtA-pitA kI anumati prApta karane meM tIna varSa laga gaye hoM, yaha anumAna apekSAkRta satya evaM santulita pratIta hotA hai / isa viSaya meM pro0 pArIkha ne zrI bUlhara ke mata kA jo khaNDana kiyA hai vaha ucita pratIta hotA hai| zrI pArIkha kA aisA anumAna hai ki dhundhukA meM AcArya devacandra kI dRSTi cAGgadeva para vikrama samvat 1150 meM par3I hogI / 'prabandhacintAmaNi' ke anusAra cAGgadeva prathama devacandrasUri ke sAtha karNAvatI AyA / vahA~ udayana mantrI ke putroM ke sAtha usakA pAlana huaa| anta meM cacca yA cAciga ke hAthoM hI dIkSA mahotsava khambAta meM sampanna huaa| usa samaya hemacandra kI Ayu ATha varSa kI rahI hogii| pitA kI AjJA kI pratIkSA meM tIna varSa laga jAnA svAbhAvika bAta hai / dIkSita hone ke uparAnta somacandra kA vidyAdhyayana prArambha huaa| unhoMne tarka, lakSaNa evaM sAhitya vidyA para bahuta thor3e hI samaya meM adhikAra prApta kara liyA / tarka, lakSaNa aura sAhitya usa yuga kI mahAvidyAe~ thI aura 1-prabhAvakcarita, pRSTha 347, zloka 848 2-kAvyAnuzAsana prastAvanA-pRSTha 267-68, mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI 3-somacandra statazcandrojjavala prajJA balAdasau / tarka lakSaNa sAhitya vidyAH paryacchinaTuMtam / prabhAvakcaritamhemacandrasUri prabandham-zloka 37

Page #30
18 AcArya hemacandra isa mahattrayI kA pANDitya rAjadarabAra aura janasamAja meM agragaNya hone ke liye Avazyaka thA / ina tInoM meM hemacandra ko ananya pANDitya thaa| yaha unake usa viSaya ke granthoM se spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| somacandra kI zikSA kA prabandha stambhatIrtha meM udayana mantrI ke ghara hI huA thaa| pro0 pArIkha ke mata se hemacandra ne guru devacandra ke sAtha deza-dezAntara paribhramaNa kara zAstrIya evaM vyAvahArika jJAna kI abhivRddhi kI' / 'prabhAvakcarita' ke anusAra AcArya devacandrasUri ne sAta varSa ATha mAsa eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna paribhramaNa karate hue aura cAra mAsa kisI sadgRhastha ke yahA~ nivAsa karate hue vyatIta kiye / somacandra bhI barAbara unake sAtha rahe / ataH ve alpAyu meM hI zAstroM meM tathA vyAvahArika jJAna meM nipuNa ho gaye / DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI ke matAnusAra hemacandra nAgapura (nAgaura mAravAr3a) meM dhanada nAmaka seTha ke yahA~ tathA devacandrasUri aura malayagiri ke sAtha gaur3a deza ke khillara grAma gaye the tathA svayaM kAzmIra gaye the| 21 varSa kI avasthA meM hI inhoMne samasta zAstroM kA maMthana kara apane jJAna kI vRddhi kI / ataH nAgapura ke dhanada nAmaka vyApArI ne vikrama saM0 1166 meM sUripada pradAna mahotsava sampanna kiyA / isa prakAra 21 varSa kI avasthA meM sUripada ko prApta kara AcArya hemacandra ne sAhitya aura samAja kI sevA karanA Arambha kiyaa| isa navIna AcArya kI vidvatA, teja, prabhAva aura spRhaNIya guNa, darzakoM ko sahaja hI meM apanI ora AkRSTa karane lage / 'prabhAvakcarita' ke anusAra somacandra ke hemacandrasUri banane ke pazcAt unakI mAtA ne bhI jaina dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura putra ke Agraha para vaha siMhAsana para baiThAyI gyiiN| (zloka 61-63) jisakI vidyA prApti itanI asAdhAraNa thI usane vidyAbhyAsa kisase kahA~ aura kaise kiyA! yaha kutUhala svAbhAvika hai| parantu isa viSaya meM Avazyaka jJAtavya sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| unake dIkSA guru devacandrasUri svayaM vidvAn the / sthAnAGgasUtra para unakI TIkA prasiddha hai| AcArya hemacandra ke guru kauna the, isa viSaya meM kucha matabheda haiM / DaoN0 bUlhara kA mata hai ki unhoMne apane guru kA nAmollekha kisI bhI kRti meM nahIM 1-kAvyAnuzAsana kI aMgrejI prastAvanA-pro0 pArIkha / 2-AcArya hemacandra aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana-eka adhyayana, pRSTha 13, -nemicandra shaastrii|

Page #31
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ 16 kiyA hai / yahaasatya pratIta hotA hai / 'triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita' ke 10veM parva kI prazasti meM AcArya hemacandra ne apane guru kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| 'prabhAvakcarita' evaM 'kumArapAlaprabandha' ke ullekhoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hemacandra ke guru devacandrasUri hI rahe hoNge| viNTaranitja mahodaya ne eka mAlAdhArI hemacandra kA ullekha kiyA hai jo abhayadevasUri ke ziSya the| DaoN. satIzacandra, AcArya hemacandra ko pradyumnasUri kA gurubandhu likhate hai / hemacandra ke guru zrI devacandrasUri prakANDa vidvAn the / unhoMne 'zAntinAtha carita' evaM 'sthAnAGgavRti' aise do grantha likhe / ataH isameM kisI prakAra kI AzaGkA kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai ki hemacandra ko kisI anya vidvAn AcArya ne zikSA pradAna kI hogii| devacandra hI unake dIkSAguru tathA zikSAguru yA vidyAguru bhI the| yaha sambhava hai ki unhoMne kucha adhyayana anyatra bhI kiyA ho kyoMki aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kucha kAla uparAnta hemacandra kA apane guru se acchA sambandha nahIM rhaa| isa kAraNa unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM guru kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / isa sambandha meM zrI merUtuGgAcArya ne 'prabandhacintAmaNi' meM eka upAkhyAna diyA hai jisase unake guruziSya sambandha para acchA prakAza par3atA hai| eka bAra guru devacaMdra ne hemacandra ko svarNa banAne kI kalA batAne se inkAra kara diyA kyoMki usane anya sarala vijJAna kI sucAru rUpa se zikSA prApta nahIM kI thI, ataeva svarNaguTikA kI zikSA denA unhoMne anucita samajhA / ho sakatA hai, ukta ghaTanA hI guruziSya ke manamuTAva kA kAraNa bana gaI ho / 1-ziSyastasya ca tIrthamakamavane pAvitryakRjaGgamam / sUra ritapaH prabhAvavasatiH zrI devacandro'bhavat / AcAryoM hemacandro'bhUtatpAdAmbujaSaTpadaH / ttprsaadaaddhigtjnyaansmpnmhodyH||trish0pu0c0 prazasti -zloka 14, 15 2-e hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara-viNTaranitja, vAlyUma TU, pRSTha 482-483 / 3-dI hisTrI Apha iNDiyana lAjika, pRSTha 105, -DA. satIzacanda / 4-zrImAndhyandrakule'bhavagdva NanidhiH pradyumnasUri prabhu, bandhuryasyaca siddhahemavidhaye zrI hemasUra vidhiH / utpAda siddhi prakaraNa TIkAyAM candrasena kRtAyAm / 5-hIrAlAla haMsarAja kRta jaina itihAsa, bhAga 1, tathA vIravaMzAvali,pRSTha 216 /

Page #32
2. ...... AcArya hemacandra 'prabhAvakacarita' se jJAta hotA hai ki hemacandra ne brAhmIdevI kI, jo vidyA kI adhiSThAtrI mAnI gaI hai-sAdhanA ke nimitta kAzmIra kI yAtrA Arambha kI / ve isa sAdhanA ke dvArA apane samasta pratidvaMdiyoM ko parAjita karanA cAhate the / mArga meM jaba tAmralipta (khambAta) hote hue revantagiri pahu~ce to neminAtha svAmI kI isa puNya bhUmi meM inhoMne yoga vidyA kI sAdhanA Arambha kI / nemitIrtha meM nAsAgradRSTiyukta samArAdhanA se devI zAradA prasanna ho gayIM / isa sAdhanA ke avasara para hI sAkSAt sarasvatI unake sammukha prakaTa hokara kahane lagI "vatsa, tumhArI samasta manokAmanAeM pUrNa hoNgiiN| samasta vAdiyoM ko parAjita karane kI kSamatA tumheM prApta hogii"| isa vANI ko sunakara hemacandra bahuta prasanna hue aura unhoMne apanI Age kI yAtrA bilakula sthagita krdii| ve vApisa lauTa aaye| brAhmI devI ne unheM kAzmIra jAne ke liye anumati nahIM pradAna kii| hemacandra isa prakAra devI kI kRpA se siddha sArasvata bana gye| kAzmIravaMzinI brAhmIdevI kI sAdhanA kA artha yaha hai ki hemacandra jJAnavRddhi karane ke liye kAzmIra jAnA cAhate the| usa samaya kAzmIra paNDitoM ke liye prasiddha thA kyoMki zrI abhinava gupta, mammaTa, Adi udbhaTa vidvAn usa samaya kAzmIra meM the| kAzmIravAsino devI kI ghaTanA se yadyapi hemacandra ke kAzmIra jAne kI ghaTanA kA mela nahIM baiThatA, phira bhI sambhava hai ki unhoMne kAzmIra ke paNDitoM se adhyayana kiyA ho / yadyapi hemacandra ke guru devacandra atyanta vidvAn the tathApi unhoMne hI sAre viSaya hemacandra ko par3hAye hoMge yaha vyavahArya pratIta nahIM hotaa| stambhatIrtha meM unheM par3hane ke liye paryApta suvidhAe~ milI hoMgI, yaha sambhava hai| kintu aNahilapura ke samAna vidyA kendra ke rUpa meM stambha tIrtha ko prasiddhi nahIM milI / ataH sambhava hai, unhoMne kucha samaya aNahilapura meM bhI adhyayana kiyA ho / brAhmI devI kI ghaTanA se hemacandra kI racanAoM kA kAzmIra granthoM se sambandha pratIta hotA hai| kAzmIrI paNDita usa samaya gujarAta meM Ate-jAte the, yaha bilhaNa ke agamana se hI patA lagatA hai| 1-prabandhacintAmaNi hemasUricaritam 83-pRSTha 77-68 / 2-prabhAvakcarita hemaprabandha zloka 37-46 taka pRSTha 268-66 vizeSa ke liye lAIpha Apha hemacandra-dvitIya adhyAya-DA0 bUlhara tathA pro0 pArikha kRta kAvyAnuzAsana kI prastAvanA pRSTha CCLXVI-CCLXIX

Page #33
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ 21 "mudrita kumudacandra" nATaka ke anusAra 'utsAha' siddharAja jayasiMha kA eka sabhA paNDita thaa| isa nATaka ke racayitA yazazcandra the tathA yaha nATaka vi0 saM0 1181 meM khelA gayA thaa| kAzmIrI paNDitoM ne ATha vyAkaraNoM ke sAtha 'utsAha' nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa ko bhI bhejA thA tathA ina ATha vyAkaraNoM kI sahAyatA se hemacandra ne apanA 'zabdAnuzAsana' grantha pUrA kiyA thaa| ataH anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki paM0 utsAha hemacandra ko kucha mArgadarzana milA ho / kAzmIrI paNDitoM ke sAtha samparka kI puSTi Antarika pramANoM ke AdhAra para bhI siddha hotI hai| yaha nirvivAda hai ki hemacandra kA 'kAvyAnuzAsana' (sUtra) mammaTa ke 'kAvyaprakAza' para AdhArita hai / yaha nirvivAda hai / rasazAstra para carcA karate hue 'nATyavedavivRti' se uddharaNa dekara abhinavaguptapAdAcArya kA anusaraNa karane ke viSaya meM ve bAra-bAra kahate haiM / 'kAvyaprakAza' kI prAcInatama hastalikhita prati ( tAr3apatra para ) vi0 saM0 1215 kI aNahilapaTTana meM likhI gaI arthAt kumArapAla ke rAjya taka vidyA ke sambandha meM kAzmIra aura gujarAta kA ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| brAhmI devI ke varadAna se hemacandra ke siddha sArasvata banane kI ghaTanA bhI asambhava pratIta nahIM hotii| isakA samarthana unake 'alaGkAracUr3AmaNi' se bhI hotA hai / bhArata meM kaI manISI vidvAnoM ne mantroM kI sAdhanA dvArA jJAna prApta kiyA hai / hama naiSadhakAra zrI harSa tathA mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke sambandha meM bhI aisI bAteM sunate haiM / AcArya somaprabha ke anusAra hemacandra vividha dezoM meM paropakArArtha vihAra karate rahe; kintu bAda meM gurudeva ke niSedha karane para gurjara deza ke pATana nagara meM hI bhavya-janoM ko jAgarita karate rhe| isa varNana se yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki gurjara evam pATana meM sthira hone ke pUrva bhAratavarSa kA bhramaNa AcAryajI ne kiyA hogaa| AcArya hemacandra meM 'zatasahasrapada' dhAraNa karane kI zakti vidyamAna thii| rAjAzrayaH--hemacandra aura siddharAja jayasiMha AcArya hemacandra kA gujarAta ke rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ke sAtha sarvaprathama milana kaba aura kaise huA, isakA santoSajanaka vivaraNa abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huA hai / tarka, lakSaNa aura sAhitya ye usa yuga kI mahAvidyAe~ thIM / vidyA-prApti ke hetu evaM apane pANDitya ko kasauTI para kasane ke liye AcArya hone ke pUrva unakA agahillapura, pATana meM AnA-jAnA huA ho, yaha sambhava pratIta hotA hai| 1. prabandhacintAmaNi-siddharAjAdi prabandha 53-76 pRSTha 60

Page #34
AcArya hemacandra 'prabhAvakcarita' evaM 'prabandhacintAmaNi' ke anusAra kumudacandra ke lokavizruta zAstrArtha ke samaya AcArya hemacandra sabhA paNDita ke nAte upasthita the / yaha zAstrArtha vi0 saM0 1981 meM huA thA ' / 22 usa samaya unakI Ayu 36 varSa kI thI tathA sUripada prApta hue 15 varSa vyatIta ho cuke the / ' prabandhacintAmaNi' ke aGgrejI anuvAdaka pro0 TaoNnI ke matAnusAra hemacandra ne sarvaprathama apanI bahumukhI vidvattA se hI rAjA ko prabhAvita kiyA hogA tathA bAda meM dhArmika prabhAva AyA hogA / 'prabhAvakcarita' ke anusAra hemacandra kA siddharAja jayasiMha se prathama milana aNahilapura ke eka saMkare mArga para huA / yahA~ se jayasiMha ke hAthI ko gujarane meM rukAvaTa par3I aura isa prasaGga para eka tarapha se hemacandra ne 'siddha ko nizzaMka hokara apane gajarAja ko le jAne ke liye kahA aura zleSa se stuti kI' 2 / parantu isa ullekha meM kitanA aitihAsika tathya hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / 'kumArapAlaprabandha' meM ullekha prApta hotA hai ki hemacandra aura jayasiMha kA prathama samAgama isa prasaGga se pUrva bhI huA thA / kahA jAtA hai ki isa zloka ko sunakara jayasiMha prasanna hue aura unhoMne hemacandrasUri ko apane darabAra meM bulAyA / yahI vRttAnta kucha rUpAntara se 'prabandhakoza' meM milatA hai / 'eka dina siddharAja jayasiMha hAthI para baiTha kara pATana ke rAjamArga se vicaraNa kara rahe the / unakI dRSTi mArga meM zuddhipUrvaka gamana karane vAle hemacandra para par3I / munIndra kI zAnta mudrA ne rAjA ko prabhAvita kiyA aura abhivAdana ke pazcAt unhoMne kahA, "prabho ! Apa rAjaprAsAda meM padhArakara darzana dene kI kRpA kareM" / tadanantara hemacaMdra ne yathA samaya rAjasabhA pRSTha vahI 1- prabandhacintAmaNi - jayasiMhadeva hemasUrisamAgama : prabhAvakcarita- hemacandra ! zloka 68-72 2 - kAraya prasaraM siddhahasti rAjamazaGkitam / trasyantu diggajAH kiM taiM bhUstvayaivodRdhRtAyatA |1| prabhAvakcarita zloka 65 3 - prabandhacintAmaNi, pRSTha 67 "o siddha, tumhAre siddha gaja nirbhayatA se bhramaNa kre| diggajoM ko kA~pane do / unase kyA lAbha ? kyoMki tuma pRthvI kA bhAra vahana kara rahe ho / "

Page #35
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ meM praveza kiyA aura apanI vidvattA tathA cAritra-bala se rAjA ko prasanna kiyaa| isa prakAra rAja-sabhA meM hemacandra kA praveza prArambha huA aura inake pANDitya, dUradarzitA, tathA sarva dharma-sneha ke kAraNa inakA prabhAva rAjasabhA meM uttarottara bar3hatA gyaa| kumudacaMdra ke zAstrArtha ke avasara para sabhA-paNDita ke nAte hemacaMdra kI upasthiti kI ghaTanA satya ho, to niHsandeha vi0 saM0 1181 ke pUrva ve siddharAja jayasiMha ke samparka meM Aye hoMge / kintu usa samaya sabhA meM inakA apUrva prabhAva parilakSita nahIM hotaa| ataH isa loka-vikhyAta vAda-vivAda ke nikaTabhUtakAla meM hI inakA jayasiMha kI rAja sabhA meM praveza huA hogA, yaha sambhava pratIta hotA haiM / 'prabandhacintAmaNi' tathA 'prabhAvakacarita' ke anusAra kumArapAla tathA AcArya hemacandra kI prathama bheMTa siddharAja jayasiMha ke darabAra meM huI thI / yadi isa ghaTanA ko satya mAnA jAya to yaha siddha hotA hai ki hemacandra vi0 saM0 1181 ke kaI varSa pUrva hI aNahilapura meM A gaye the kyoMki usa samaya kumArapAla ko jayasiMha se bhaya nahIM thaa| pro0 pArIkha kA mata hai ki yaha ghaTanA vi0 saM0 1166 ke AsapAsa ghaTI hogI' / jaba siddharAja jayasiMha ne mAlavA para vijaya prApta kI taba usa vijaya ke upalakSa meM AcArga hemacandra ne jaina pratinidhi ke nAte unakA svAgata kiyA / yaha ghaTanA vi0 saM0 1161-62 meM ghaTita huI hogii| siddharAja jayasiMha aura AcArya hemacandra kA sambandha kaisA rahA hogA isakA anumAna karane ke lie zrI somaprabhasUri paryApta jAnakArI dete haiN| "budhajanoM ke cUr3AmaNi AcArya hemacandra bhuvana-prasiddha siddharAja ko sampUrNa sthAnoM meM pRSTavya hue| mithyAtva se mugdhamati hone para bhI unake upadeza se jayasiMha jinendra ke dharma meM anuraktamanA huA / hemacandra ke prabhAva meM Akara jayasiMha ne ramya rAjavihAra bnvaayaa| unake saMskRta dvayAzraya mahAkAvya ke 1- pro0 pArIkha - kAvyAnuzAsana - pRSTha 40, prastAvanA 2- prabhAvakcarita - pRSTha 300 zloka 72. prabandhacintAmaNi, pRSTha 60-73 3- kumArapAla pratibodha, pRSTha 22 gA0 o0 sI0 bar3odA 4- mahAlayo mahAyAtrA mahAsthAnaM mahAsaraH / yatkRtaM siddharAjena kriyate tannakenacit / /

Page #36
- AcArya hemacandra anusAra siddharAja ne siddhapura meM mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira bhI banavAyA, siddhapura meM cAra jin pratimAoM se samRddha siddhavihAra banavAyA' / mAlava vijaya ke pazcAt jayasiMha kI mRtyu paryanta hemacandra kA usase sambandha rahA arthAt vi0 saM0 1191 se vi0 saM0 1166 taka lagabhaga 7 varSa unakA jayasiMha se aTUTa sambandha rahA / ina sAta varSoM meM hemacandra kI sAhityika pravRtti ke aneka phala gujarAta ke mAdhyama se bhArata ko mile / sAhityaka dRSTi se pahalA zreSTha phala hai-suprasiddha "shbdaanushaasn"| mAlaba vijaya ke pazcAt bhoja-vyAkaraNa ke sAtha pratispardhA karane ke lie gujarAta kA pRthak vyAkaraNa grantha siddharAja jayasiMha ke Agraha evaM anurodha para AcArya hemacandra ne banAyA2 / pratyeka pAda ke anta meM cAlukya vaMzIya rAjAoM kI stuti meM zloka likhe / kAkala kAyastha jo ATha vyAkaraNoM ke jJAtA the, isa vyAkaraNa ke adhyApaka niyukta kiye gaye / siddharAja jayasiMha kI preraNA se hI hemacandra ko vyAkaraNa, koza, chanda tathA alaGkArazAstra racane kA avasara prApta huA aura apane Azraya-dAtA rAjA kA kIrtana karane vAle, vyAkaraNa sikhAne vAle, tathA gujarAta ke loka-jIvana ke pratibimba ko dhAraNa karane vAle 'DhayAzraya' nAmaka mahAkAvya racane kI icchA huii| siddharAja jayasiMha ke lie "mithyAtvamohitamati" vizeSaNa saMskRta granthoM meM milatA hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki ve anta taka zaiva hI rahe haiN| phira bhI AcArya hemacandra ke sAtha dharma-carcA se unameM jainAnurakti jagI thI, aisA dikhAI detA hai / arabI bhUgolajJa alI idasI ne likhA hai ki "jayasiMha buddha pratimA kI pUjA karatA thaa"| yaha ullekha DaoN. bUlhara ne kiyA hai / hemacandra kA amRtamaya vANI meM upadeza na milane para jayasiMha ke citta meM eka kSaNa bhI santoSa nahIM hotA thA, kintu siddhapura meM mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira banavAne para usakI dekhabhAla karane ke liye brAhmaNoM ko niyukta karane se siddharAja jayasiMha kI kevala jainAnurakti hI parilakSita hotI hai / siddharAja jayasiMha svayaM bhI mahAn vidvAn thA / 'mudrita-kumudacandra' nATaka meM jayasiMha kI vidvatsabhA kA varNana AtA hai / vaha jaina saGghoM kA 1- saMskRta dvayAzraya mahAkAvya - sarya 15, zloka 16 2- prabandhacintAmaNi, pRSTha 60 tathA prabandha koza -rAjazekharasUri 3- lAIpha Apha hemacandra - DaoN. bUlhara /

Page #37
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ 25 sammAna karatA thA / jaba kisI siddhAnta ke sambandha meM zaGakA utpanna hotI thI taba jayasiMha svayaM use dUra karatA thaa| jayasiMha vidvAn thaa| dharmacarcA sunane kI use bar3I abhiruci thii| eka bAra saMsAra-sAgara se pAra hone ke icchuka siddharAja ne devatAtva kI pAtratA ke viSaya meM saba dArzanikoM se pUchA / sabhI ne apane-apane mata kI stuti evaM para mata kI nindA kii| taba unhoMne AcArya hemacandra ke sammukha zaGkA prakaTa kI ki "prabho! saMsAra sAgara se pAra karane vAlA kauna sA dharma hai ?" isa prazna ke uttara meM hemacandra ne zAmba kA nimna likhita purANokta AkhyAna kahA : "zekhapura meM zAmba nAmaka eka seTha aura yazomatI nAma kI usakI patnI rahatI thii| pati ne apanI patnI se aprasanna hokara eka dUsarI strI se vivAha kara liyA / aba vaha navor3hA ke vaza hokara becArI yazomatI ko phUTI A~khoM se dekhanA bhI burA samajhane lgaa| yazomatI ko apane pati ke isa. vyavahAra se bar3A kaSTa huA aura vaha pratikAra kA upAya socane lgii| eka bAra koI kalAkAra gaur3a deza se AyA / yazomatI ne usakI pUrNa zraddhAbhakti se sevA kI aura usase eka aisI auSadhi lI, jisake dvArA puruSa pazu bana sakatA thaa| yazomatI ne Avezavaza eka dina bhojana meM milAkara ukta auSadhi apane pati ko khilA dI, jisase vaha tatkAla baila bana gyaa| aba use apane isa adhUre jJAna para bar3A duHkha huA / vaha socane lagI ki vaha usa baila ko puruSa kisa prakAra banAe ? ataH lajjita aura duHkhita hokara jaMgala meM eka vRkSa ke nIce bailarUpI pati ko ghAsa carAyA karatI thI aura baiThI-baiThI vilApa karatI rahatI / daivayoga se eka dina ziva aura pArvatI vimAna meM baiThe hue AkAza-mArga se usI ora jA rahe the| pArvatI ne, usakA karuNa vilApa sunakara zaGkara bhagavAna se pUchA, 'svAmin isake duHkha kA kyA kAraNa hai ?' zaGkara ne pArvatI kI zaMGkA kA samAdhAna kiyA aura kahA ki isa vRkSa kI chAyA meM hI isa prakAra kI auSadhi vidyamAna hai jisake sevana se yaha punaH puruSa bana sakatA hai| isa saMvAda ko yazomatI ne bhI suna liyA aura usane tatkAla hI usa chAyA ko rekhAGkita kara diyA aura usake samasta madhyavartI aGkaroM ko tor3a-tor3a kara baila ke mukha meM DAla diyA / ghAsa ke sAtha-sAtha auSadhi ke cale jAne para vaha baila punaH puruSa bana gyaa|" 1- mudrita-kumudacandra aGaka 5 - pRSTha 45

Page #38
AcArya hemacandra / AcArya hemacandra ne AkhyAna kA upasaMhAra karate hue kahA, "rAjan jisa prakAra nAnA prakAra kI ghAsa ke mila jAne se yazomatI ko auSadhi kI pahacAna nahIM ho sakI, usI prakAra isa yuga meM kaI dharmoM se satya dharmaM tirobhUta ho rahA hai, parantu samasta dharmoM ke sevana se usa divya auSadhi kI prApti ke samAna puruSa ko kabhI na kabhI zuddha dharma kI prApti ho hI jAtI hai / jIva dayA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evam aparigraha ke sevana se binA kisI virodha ke samasta dharmoM kA ArAdhana ho jAtA hai / AcArya ke isa uttara ne samasta sabhAsadoM ko prabhAvita kiyA / AcArya hemacandra anekAnta ko sarva-darzana- saGgraha ke rUpa meM bhI ghaTAte haiM / yaha sarva-darzana mAnyatA kI dRSTi sAmpradAyika cAturI thI (jaisA ki to bulhara mAnate haiM), athavA sAragrAhI viveka-buddhi meM se pariNata thI, isakA nirNaya karane kA koI bAhya sAdhana nahIM / parantu anekAntavAda ke rahasyajJa candra meM aisI viveka buddhi kI sambhAvanA hai / AcArya hemacandra tathA unake AzrayadAtA siddharAja jayasiMha lagabhaga samavayaska the / siddharAja kA janma unase kevala tIna varSa pUrva hI huA thA / ataH ina do mahAnubhAvoM kA paraspara sambandha guru-ziSya ke samAna kabhI nahIM rahA pratIta hotA hai / phira bhI siddharAja sadaiva hemacandra ke prabhAva meM rahe / hemacandra ne sarva darzana ke sammata hone kA upadeza kiyA to siddharAja ne sarva dharmoM kA samAna ArAdhana kiyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki siddharAja ne prajAjanoM ke sAtha sadaiva atyanta udAra vyavahAra kiyaa| usake rAjya meM vaidika sanAtana dharma ke sAtha jaina sampradAya kI bhI bahuta abhivRddhi huI / jaina sampradAya kI abhivRddhi meM sambhavataH siddharAja kI mAtA mayaNallAdevI bhI kAraNa rahI hoMgI, kyoMki ve svayaM jaina dharma meM dIkSita thIM / siddhasena, divAkarasena, udayana Adi kucha mantrIgaNa bhI jaina the| jayasiMha ne vi0 saM0 1151 - 1166 taka rAjya kiyA / inake svargavAsa ke samaya hemacandra kI Ayu 5.4 varSa kIthI / ve taba taka acchI pratiSThA pA cuke the / 26 hemacandra aura kumArapAla - siddharAja ke koI putra nahIM thA, isase unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt 1- sarvadarzanamAnyatA nAmaka prabandha-prabandhacintAmaNi- pRSTha 70 2 - siddhahema - sakala darzanasamUhAtmakam syAdvAdasamAzrayaNam atiramaNIyampRSTha 8- si. he. zabdAnuzAsana tatva prakAzikA mahArNavanyAsa Edited by paM0 bhagavAnadAsa, 1921, pATana

Page #39
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ 27 rAjagaddI kA jhagar3A khar3A huA aura anta meM kumArapAla vi0 saM0 1166 meM mArgazIrSa kRSNa caturdazI ko rAjyAbhiSikta huA / siddharAja jayasiMha apane jIvana kAla meM kumArapAla ko mArane kI ceSTA meM thA' / ataH yaha apane prANa bacAne ke lie guptaveSa dhAraNa kara bhAgatA huA stambhatIrtha pahu~cA / yahA~ para vaha hemacandra aura udayana mantrI se milA / duHkhI hokara kumArapAla ne hemasUri se kahA, "prabho ! kyA mere bhAgya meM isI taraha kaSTa bhoganA likhA hai; yA aura kucha bhI ?" sUrIzvara ne vicAra kara kahA, "mArgazIrSa vadI 14 meM Apa rAjyAsanAsIna hoMge / merA yaha kathana kabhI asatya nahIM ho sktaa|" ukta vacana sunakara kumArapAla bolA, "prabho ! yadi ApakA vacana satya siddha huA to Apa hI pRthvInAtha hoMge; maiM to Apake caraNakamaloM kA sevaka banA rahUMgA / " isa para smita hAsya karate hue sUrIzvara bole, hameM rAjya se kyA kAma ? yadi Apa rAjA hokara jaina dharma kI sevA kareMge to hameM prasannatA hogI / tadanantara siddharAja ke bheje hue rAjapuruSa kumArapAla ko DhUMDhate hue stambhatIrtha meM hI A pahu~ce / isa avasara para hemacandrAcArya ne use apane vasatigRha ke bhUmigRha meM chipA diyA aura usake dvAra ko pustakoM se Dha~ka kara usake prANa bacAe / tatpazcAt siddharAja jayasiMha kI mRtyu ho jAne para hemacandra kI bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra kumArapAla siMhAsanAsIna huA / rAjA banane ke samaya kumArapAla kI avasthA 50 varSa kI thI / isakA samarthana 'prabandhacintAmaNi', 'purAtanaprabandhagRha' tathA 'kumArapAlaprabandha' se bhI hotA hai / isakA lAbha yaha huA ki usane apane anubhava aura puruSArtha dvArA rAjya kI sudRr3ha vyavasthA kI / yadyapi yaha siddharAja ke samAna vidvAn aura vidyA- rasika nahIM thA, to bhI rAjya - prabandha ke pazcAt vaha dharma tathA vidyA se prema karane lagA thA / kumArapAla kI rAjya prApti kA samAcAra sunakara hemacandrasUri karNAvatI se pATana Ae / udayana mantrI ne unakA svAgata kiyA / inhoMne mantrI 1 - kumArapAla ko hInakula meM samajhane ke kAraNa hI siddharAja use mAranA cAhate the - nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, bhAga 6 pRSTha 443-468 2 - prabandhacintAmaNi - kumArapAlAdi prabandha, pRSTha 77-68 kumArapAla hemasUri samAgama varNanam, pRSTha 82

Page #40
28 - AcArya hemacandra se pUchA, "aba rAjA merA smaraNa karatA hai yA nahIM ?" isa para mantrI ne saGkoca kA anubhava karate hue, spaSTa kahA "nahIM, aba smaraNa nahIM krtaa"| sambhavataH rAjya-prabandha meM bahuta adhika vyasta hone ke kAraNa tathA zatruoM kA damana karane meM rata hone ke kAraNa kumArapAla ko svastha ciMtana karane kA avakAza nahIM milA hogaa| astu / " taba sUrIzvara hemacandra ne mantrI se kahA, "Aja Apa rAjA se kaheM ki vaha apanI nayI rAnI ke mahala meM na jaae| vahA~ Aja daivI utpAta hogaa| yadi rAjA Apase pUche ki yaha bAta kisane batalAyI to bahuta Agraha karane para hI merA nAma batalAnA / " mantrI ne aisA hI kiyA / rAtri ko mahala para bijalI girI aura rAnI kI mRtyu ho gii| isa camatkAra se ativismita ho rAjA mantrI se pUchane lagA ki yaha bAta kisa mahAtmA ne batalAyI thI ? rAjA ke vizeSa Agraha karane para mantrI ne gurujI ke Agamana kA samAcAra sunaayaa| rAjA ne pramudita hokara unheM mahala meM bulaayaa| sUrIzvara padhAre / rAjA ne unakA sammAna kiyA aura prArthanA kI, 'usa samaya Apane hamAre prANoM kI rakSA kI aura yahA~ Ane para hameM darzana bhI nahIM diye / lIjie aba Apa apanA rAjya samhAlie' / suri ne pratyuttara meM kahA, "rAjan / yadi kRtajJatA ke kAraNa pratyupakAra karanA cAhate haiM to Apa jaina dharma svIkAra kara usa dharma kA prasAra kreN|" rAjA ne zanaiH zanaiH ukta Adeza ko svIkAra karane kI pratijJA kii| kumArapAla ne apane rAjya meM prANivadha, mAMsAhAra, asatya-bhASaNa ghU ta-vyasana, vezyA-gamana, para-dhana haraNa, madya-pAna Adi kA niSedha kara diyaa| kumArapAla ke AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra dekhane se anumAna hotA hai ki usane jIvana ke antima dinoM meM jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA hogaa| AcArya hemacandra ke mahAvIra-carita ke katipaya zlokoM ke AdhAra para kumArapAla aura hemacandra ke milane ke sambandha meM DA. bUlhara ne batAyA hai ki hemacandra kumArapAla se taba mile jaba unake rAjya kI samRddhi aura vistAra carama sImA para pahu~ca gayA thA / DA. bUlhara kI isa mAnyatA kI AlocanA 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI bhUmikA meM pro. rasikalAla pArIkha ne kI hai / unhoMne ukta kathana ko vivAdAspada siddha kiyA hai / unake mata ke anusAra mahAvIra carita kA varNana una donoM kI paripakva sambandha-avasthA kA varNana hai, prArambhika nhiiN| phira bhI dharma kA vicAra karane kA avasara usa praur3ha vaya ke rAjA ko rAjya kI susthiti ke bAda hI milA hogaa| 1- mahAvIra-carita zloka 53 (45-58)

Page #41
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ donoM ke prathama milana ke sambandha meM eka aura ghaTanA prakAza meM AyI hai| eka bAra kumArapAla jayasiMha se milane gayA thaa| muni hemacandra ko vyAsapITha para baiThe dekhakara vaha atyadhika AkRSTa huA aura unake bhASaNakakSa meM jAkara bhASaNa sunane lgaa| usane pUchA, manuSya kA sabase bar3A guNa kyA hai ? hemacandra ne pratyuttara meM kahA, "dUsaroM kI striyoM meM mAM-bahana kI bhAvanA rakhanA, sabase bar3A guNa hai" / yadi yaha ghaTanA aitihAsika hai to avazya hI vi. saM. 1166 ke AsapAsa ghaTI hogI kyoMki usa samaya kumArapAla ko apane prANoM kA bhaya nahIM thaa| "kumArapAla pratibodha" ke anusAra mantrI vAgbhaTadeva bAhaDadeva dvArA kumArapAla ke rAjA hone ke pazcAt vaha hemacandra ke sAtha gAr3ha paricaya meM AyA hogA / "prabhAvakcarita se jJAta hotA hai ki jaba kumArapAla arNorAja ko jItane meM asaphala rahA to mantrI vAhaDa kI salAha se usane ajitanAtha svAmI kI pratimA kA sthApana samAroha kiyA, jisakI vidhi AcArya hemacandra ne sampanna karAyI thii| yaha to satya hai ki rAjya-sthApanA ke Arambha meM kumArapAla ko dharma ke viSaya meM soca-vicAra karane kA avakAza nahIM thA, kyoMki purAne rAjyAdhikAriyoM se use aneka prakAra se saGgharSa karanA par3A thaa| vi.saM. 1207 ke lagabhaga usakA jIvana AdhyAtmika hone lagA thaa| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki hemacandra kA samparka kumArapAla se pahale hI ho cukA thA / rAjA hone ke 16 varSa bAda usane jaina dharma aGagIkAra kiyA thA athavA nahIM, isa viSaya meM paryApta matabheda hai / zrI IzvaralAla jaina ke anusAra kumArapAla ne mArgazIrSa zukla dvAdazI vi. saM.1216 ko zrAvaka dharma ke 12 vrata svIkAra kara vidhi pUrvaka jaina dharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kI / jaina dhArmika granthoM meM bhI isa kathana kI puSTi kI hai| kintu anya granthoM se isakI puSTi na hone ke kAraNa, yaha bAta vivAdAspada 1- kAvyAnuzAsana-bhUmikA- PPcc Lxxxiii-eeLxxxIV 2- kumArapAla prabandha, pRSTha 18-22 3- prabhAvakcarita, pRSTha 300-400 4- dvAdazavrata-aNuvrata-5-guNavrata-3, zikSAvrata-4, (pRSTha 45)

Page #42
- AcArya hemacandra pratIta hotI hai| prabhAsapaTTana ke gaNDa 'bhAva vRhaspati' ne vi. saM. 1226 ke bhadrakAlI zilAlekha meM kumArapAla ko "mAhezvaranRpAgraNI" kahA hai| hemacandrAcArya ke saMskRta 'dvayAzraya' kAvya ke 20 veM sarga meM kumArapAla kI zivabhakti kA ullekha hai| yaha satya pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra ke upadeza se kumArapAla kA jIvana kramazaH uttarAvasthA meM prAyaH dvAdazavratadhArI zrAvaka jaisA ho gayA thA' / AcArya hemacandra svayaM apane granthoM meM kumArapAla ko "paramAhat' kahate haiM / somaprabhakRta 'kumArapAla pratibodha' ke anusAra AcArya hemacandra ne rAjA kumArapAla ko jaina dharmAvalambI banAyA / parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki usane apane kuladeva ziva kI pUjA chor3a dI thii| kumArapAla kI suprasiddha somezvara yAtrA se usakA zava rahanA hI adhika yuktisaGagata pratIta hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke prabhAva se unake nirdezana meM hI kumArapAla ne gujarAta ko durvyasanoM se mukta karane kA yogya prayAsa kiyaa| cUta aura madya kA pratibandha kara nirvaza ke dhanApaharaNa kA niyama bhI usane banda krvaayaa| yajJa meM pazuhiMsA banda krvaayii| kumArapAla ke sAmantoM ke zilAlekhoM ke anusAra usake adhIna 18 prAntoM meM 14 varSa taka pazuvadha ke niSedha kA Adeza prasArita huaa| gujarAta ke prasiddha rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha tathA kumArapAla ke samakAlIna hone para bhI AcArya hemacandra kA kumArapAla ke sAtha guru-ziSya jaisA sambandha thaa| isI mahApuruSa ke prabhAva meM kumArapAla ke rAjya meM jaina sampradAya ne sarvAdhika unnati kii| usane aneka jaina mandira banavAye; caudaha sau(1400)vihAra bhI banavAye evaM jaina dharma ko rAjya-dharma banAyA / usake kumAra vihAra kA varNana hemacandra ke ziSya rAmacandrasUri ne 'kumAravihArazataka' meM kiyA hai / 'moharAja parAjaya' nATaka meM ina ghaTanAoM kA rUpakamaya ullekha hai / 'kumArapAla' 1- IzvaralAla jaina-hemacandrAcArya-Adarza granthamAlA mulatAna zahara 2- triSaSThizalAkA puruSacaritam-parva 10 prazastiH caulukyaH paramAIto vinayavAn zrImalarAjAnvayI / 3- bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna / -hIrAlAla jaina, pRSTha 15 4- pUrva vIrajinezvare-zrI hemacandro guru / purAtana prabandha saGgraha-kumArapAla deva-tIrtha yAtrA prabandhaH

Page #43
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ ne aneka tAlAba, dharmazAlAe~, vizrAma-sthala, vihArAdi AcArya hemacandra kI preraNA se hI banavAye / inameM dIkSAvihAra, dhundhukA meM jholikAvihAra, pitA kI smRti meM tribhuvanapAlavihAra, apanI smRti meM kumAravihAra, mUSakavihAra, karambavihAra ityAdi mahatvapUrNa haiN| zrI tAraGgatIrya ajitanAtha bhagavAna kA vizAla evam gaganacumbI zikhara, saikar3oM navIna mandira, hajAroM purAne mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra kumArapAla ne krvaayaa| kedAra tathA somanAtha kA bhI uddhAra usI ne kiyA / usane sAta bar3I yAtrAe~ ko aura 6 lAkha ratna pUjA meM car3hAye / kumArapAla kI prArthanA para AcArya hemacandra ne 'yogazAstra', 'vItarAgastuti' evam 'triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita' purANa kI racanA kii| saMskRta meM 'dvayAzraya kAvya ke antima sarga tathA prAkRta dvayAzraya kumArapAla ke samaya meM hI likhe gaye / 'pramANamImAMsA' kI racanA isI samaya meM huI / hemacandra ne pUrva racita granthoM meM saMzodhana, svopajJa TIkAe~ evaM 'abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi' meM kumArapAla kI prazasti likhI hai| kumArapAla ne 700 lekhakoM ko bulavAkara hemacandra ke grantha lekhabaddha karavAye / usane 21 bar3e jJAna bhANDAra nirmita kraaye| ___ AcArya hemacandra ke AsthAna (vidyA-maNDapa) kA manohara varNana 'prabhAvaka carita' meM milatA hai| 'hemacandra kA AsthAna, jisameM vidvAna pratiSThita the, brahmollAsa kA nivAsa aura bhAratI kA pitRgRha thaa| yahA~ mahAkavi abhinava grantha nirmANa meM nimagna the / vahA~ paTTikA aura paTTa para lekha likhe jA rahe the evam zabda-vyutpatti ke lie uhApoha hote rahane se vahA~ purANa kaviyoM dvArA prayukta zabda dRSTAnta rUpa se ullikhita kiye jAte the| sambhavataH siddharAja ne AcAryajI ko eka vizAla graMthAlaya sugama kiyA hogaa| jaina loga kahate haiM ki 100 ziSyoM kA parivAra unheM nitya ghere rahatA thA aura jo grantha guru likhAte the, unako vaha likha liyA karatA thaa| sAhityika jIvana- prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva-avasAna __ AcArya hemacandra kA jIvana jaina dharma ke pracAra meM tathA kumArapAla ko upadeza dete hue sAhitya ke pratyeka kSetra meM sarjanA karate hue hI vyatIta hone lgaa| unhoMne 4-5 hajAra sUtroM meM 'zabdAnuzAsana' ko pUrA karake 18,000 zlokoM kI vRhadvRtti tathA sAmAnya pAThakoM ke lie laghuvRtti bhI likhii| usameM gaNapATha, dhAtupATha, uNAdi liGgAnuzAsana prakaraNa bhI jor3e / samasta vyAkaraNa 1-hemacandrAcArya-IzvaralAla jaina

Page #44
AcArya hemacandra ko sUtrAnukrama se uddhRta karate hue 'kumArapAla-caritra' bhI eka vizAla dvayAzraya kAvya ke rUpa meM racA, eka vyakti kI vyAkaraNazAstra kI yaha upAsanA anupameya hai| phira jaba purANa, kAvya, darzana, koza, chanda Adi viSayoM kI unakI anya kRtiyoM kA bhI lekhA-jokhA lagAyA jAtA hai ; taba unakI Azcaryajanaka pratibhA ke prati apAra zraddhA jAgRta hotI hai / ___ AcArya hemacandra ke prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke sambandha meM vinTaranitja mahodaya ne likhA hai ki 'AcArya hemacandra ke kAraNa hI gujarAta zvetAmbariyoM kA ' gar3ha banA tathA vahA~ 12 vI 13 vIM zatAbdI meM jaina-sAhitya kI vipula samRddhi huI / vinTaranitja mahodaya ke anusAra vi0 saM0 1216 meM kumArapAla pUrNatayA jaina bane tathA unakI dIkSA ke dina pRthvIpAla mantrI kI prArthanA para haribhadrasUri ne "nemicarita" ko pUrA kiyaa| isIliye jaina sAhi ya meM vizeSakara dhArmika kSetra meM hemacandra kA nAma agraNI hai| gujarAta meM to jaina sampradAya ke vistAra kA sabase adhika zreya inheM hI hai| AcArya hemacandra utkRSTa jyotiSI the| unhoMne kumArapAla ko rAjyArohaNa kI tithi batA dI thI tathA daivI durghaTanA kI sUcanA dekara kumArapAla ke prANa bacAye the| hemacandra atyanta kuzAgra buddhi the| dhArmika udAratA bhI unameM thii| prabandhacintAmaNi meM isa viSaya meM eka sundara upAkhyAna diyA hai / 'eka bAra rAjA kumArapAla ke sAmane kisI matsarI ne kahA, "jaina pratyakSa deva sUrya ko nahIM maante|' isa para hemacandra ne uttara diyA "vAha ! kaise nahIM mAnate ?" adhAma dhAma dhAmaiva vayameva hRdisthitam / yasyAstavyasaneM prApte tyajAmoM bhojanodake // arthAt hama jaina loga hI prakAza ke dhAma zrI sUryanArAyaNa ko apane hRdaya meM 1-prabhAvakcarita pRSTha 314 zloka 262-264 2-moharAjaparAjaya ar3aka 5 tathA kAvyAnuzAsana prastAvanA pRSTha 289 tathA 261 3. History of Indian Literature by Winternitz, Vol. II Page - 482 - 83; 5 1 //

Page #45
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ sthita rakhate haiM, unake astarUpI vyasana ko prApta hote hI hama loga anna-jala taka tyAga dete haiM / isa uttara ko sunakara una IrSyAluoM kA mu~ha banda ho gyaa| AcArya hemacandra meM sarvadharma-sahiSNutA bahuta thii| eka bAra devapattana ke pujAriyoM ne Akara rAjA se nivedana kiyA "somanAtha kA mandira bahuta jIrNazINa ho gayA hai"| unakI prArthanA' sunate hI rAjA ne jIrNoddhAra kA kArya Arambha kara diyaa| kucha dinoM pazcAt phira vahA~ ke mandira ke sambandha meM paJcakula kA patra baayaa| taba rAjA kumArapAla ne guru hemacandra se pUchA "isa dharma-bhavana ke nirmANArtha kyA karanA caahiye|" hemacandra ne kahA "Apako yA to brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karate hue devArcana meM saMlagna rahanA cAhiye athavA mandira ke dhvajAropaNa taka madya-mAMsa ke tyAga kA vrata dhAraNa karanA cAhiye / " rAjA ne sUrIzvara ke parAmarzAnusAra ukta vrata dhAraNa kiyaa| 'prabandhacintAmaNi' meM anya upAkhyAna bhI haiM jinase unakI dhArmika udAratA prakaTa hotI hai| ___ jaba rAjA kumArapAla ne somanAtha kI yAtrA kI to AcArya hemacandra ko bhI sAtha meM calane kA nimantraNa diyaa| unhoMne turanta svIkAra kara uttara diga-"bhalA bhUkhe se nimantraNa kA Agraha kyA ? hama tapasviyoM kA to tIrthATana mukhya dharma hI hai"| isake pazcAt rAjA ne unako sukhAsana vAhanAdi grahaNa karane ko khaa| parantu unhoMne paidala yAtrA karane kI icchA prakaTa kI aura kahA ki hamArA vicAra zIghra hI prayANa karane kA hai jisase zatruJjaya, giranArAdi mahAtIrthoM kI bhI yAtrA kara Apake pahuMcate-pahu~cate hama devapattana pahu~ca jaaeN| rAjA ne yAtrA Arambha kii| ve devapattana ke nikaTa A pahu~ce; parantu vahA~ AcAryajI ke darzana nahIM hue, para jaba nagara meM rAjA kA pravezotsava sampanna kiyA jA rahA thA usa samaya sUrIzvara bhI upasthita the / rAjA ne bahuta bhakti se somanAtha ke liGga kI pUjA kI aura guru se kahA ki Apako koI Apatti na ho to Apa bhI tribhuvanezvara zrI somezvara deva kA arcana kreN| AcArya hemacandra ne AhvAna avaguNThana mudrA, mantra, nyAsa visarjanAdi svarUpa paMcopacAra vidhi se ziva kI pUjA kI tathA nijanirmita zlokoM se stuti kI / kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne 1 -bhava bIjAMkura jananArA gAdyAH kSayamupA gatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNu vA haro jinA vA namastasmai / /

Page #46
AcArya hemacandra isa avasara para rAjA ko sAkSAt mahAdeva ke darzana kraaye| isa para rAjA ne kahA ki maharSi hemacandra saba devatAoM ke avatAra aura trikAlajJa haiN| inakA upadeza mokSamArga ko dene vAlA hai| saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya ke sarga 5, zloka 133-541 meM zivastuti dRSTavya hai / kumArapAla ne jIvahiMsA kA sarvatra niSedha karA diyA thaa| inakI kuladevI kaNTezvarI devI ke mandira meM pazubali hotI thii| Azvina mAsa kA zuklapakSa AyA to pujAriyoM ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA ki yahA~ para saptamI ko 700 pazu aura 7 bhaise, aSTamI ko 800 pazu aura 8 bhaise, tathA navamI ko 600 pazu aura 6 bhaise rAjya kI aura se devI ko car3hAye jAte haiN| rAjA isa bAta ko sunakara AcArya hemacandra ke pAsa gayA, aura isa prAcIna kulAcAra kA varNana kiyaa| unhoMne kAna meM hI rAjA ko samajhA diyaa| ise sunakara rAjA ne kahA, acchA, jo diyA jAtA hai vaha hama bhI yathAkrama deNge| tadanantara rAjA ne devI ke mandira meM pazu bhejakara unako tAle meM banda karA diyA aura paharA rakha diyaa| prAtaHkAla svayam rAjA AyA aura devI ke mandira ke tAle khulavAye / vahA~ saba pazu Ananda se leTe the| rAjA ne kahA dekhiye, ye pazu maiMne devI ko bheMTa kiye the, yadi unheM pazuoM kI icchA hotI to ve inheM khA letI, parantu devI ne eka pazu ko bhI nahIM khaayaa| isase spaSTa hai ki unheM mAMsa acchA nahIM lgtaa| tuma upAsakoM ko hI yaha bhAtA hai| rAjA ne saba pazuoM ko chur3avA diyaa| dazamI kI rAta ko rAjA ko kaNTezvarIdevI svapna meM dikhAyI dI aura unhoMne rAjA ko zApa diyA jisase vaha kor3ha ho gyaa| mantrI udayana ne bali dene kI salAha bhI dI, parantu rAjA ne kisI ke prANa lene kI apekSA apane prANa denA acchA smjhaa| jaba AcArya hemacandra ko isa saGkaTa kA patA lagA to unhoMne jala mantrita karake de diyA jisase rAjA kA divyarUpa ho gyaa| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kI mahattA ke sambandha meM aneka AkhyAna upalabdha hote haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki kAzI se vizvezvara nAmaka kavi pATana AyA aura vahA~ hemacandra kI vidvatsamiti meM sammilita huaa| usane vakrokti se hemacandra ke prati 1- hemasUrI darzitaM kumArapAlAsya somezvara pratyakSam-pRSTha 84-85 tathA 'prabandha koza'-pRSTha 47-48 /

Page #47
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAeM iGgita karate hue kahA "kambala aura laThTha liye hue hemagvAla tumhArI rakSA kre|" itanA kaha vaha cupa ho gyaa| kumArapAla bhI vahA~ vidyamAna the| isa vAkya ko nindAvidhAyaka samajha unakI tyorI car3ha gii| hema kavi ko to logoM ke hRdaya aura mastiSka kI parIkSA karanI thI, usane yaha dRzya dekhakara turanta adholikhita zlokArdha par3hA jisakA Azaya hai ki vaha gopAla jo SaDdarzana rUpI pazuoM ko jaina tRNakSetra meM hA~ka rahA hai / isa uttarArddha se usane samasta sabhyoM ko santuSTa kara diyaa| kumArapAla ne apane dharmaguru AcArya hemacandrasUrI ke pAsa jaina dharma kI gRhastha-dIkSA (zrAvaka dharma-vrata) svIkAra karate samaya sabase pahale jaba ahiMsAvrata svIkAra kiyA, usa samaya ko lakSya karake rUpakAtmaka prabandha kA praNayana prabandhacintAmaNi ke pariziSTa meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM ahiMsA ko eka rAjakanyA mAnA hai jo hemacandra ke Azrama meM palakara bar3I umravAlI vRddhAkumArI ho gaI hai| anyAnya rAjAoM ke adhArmika AcaraNa dekhakara vaha kisI ke sAtha vivAha karanA nahIM cAhatI / kumArapAla, jo hemacandra kA ziSya banA hai, usake dharmabhAva se mugdha hotA hai / AcArya ke Adeza se vaha usakA pANigrahaNa kara letA kumArapAla hemacandra ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana karate the| ve vidvatsabhA meM samasyA-pUrti to karate hI the; tIrthayAtrA meM ve kumArapAla ke sAtha yAtrA bhI karate the| eka bAra yAtrA karate hue ve sampUrNa saGgha ke sAtha dhundhukka nagara meM aaye| vahA~ unhoMne AcArya ke janmasthAna meM svayam banAye hue 17 hAtha U~ce jholikAvihAra meM mahotsava kiyA / hemacandra ke prabhAva se mahAna zaiva maThAdhIza gaNDa vRhaspati jaina AcAryoM kA vandana karate the| itanA hone para bhI ve andha-zraddhA ke pakSapAtI nahIM the| unhoMne mahAvIra-stuti meM spaSTa kahA hai-'he vIra prabhu kevala zraddhA se hI Apake 1- pAtu ko hemagopAlaH kambalaM daNDamudvadRn / SaDdarzanapazugrAmaM cArayan jaina-gocare // prabhAvakcarita-pRSTha 315 zloka 304 2- prabandhacintAmaNi kumArapAlAdi prabandha-pRSTha 84

Page #48
AcArya hemacandra prati pakSapAta nahIM hai aura nahIM kisI ke dveSa ke kAraNa dUsare se aruci hai; mantroM, AgamoM ke jJAna aura yathArtha parIkSA ke bAda terI zaraNa lI hai / AcArya kevala bhAvanApradhAna nahIM the, buddhipradhAna the tathA ve kAlidAsa kI ukti "santa: parIkSyAnyatarad bhaja.te" ke anusAra vyavahAra karane vAle the / 36 vRddhAvasthA meM hemacandrasUri ko lUtA roga laga gayA; parantu aSTAMgayogAbhyAsa dvArA lIlA ke sAtha unhoMne usa roga ko naSTa kiyA / 84 varSa kI avasthA meM anazanapUrvaka antyArAdhana kriyA unhoMne Arambha kI tathA kumArapAla se kahA " tumhArI Ayu ke bhI 6 mAsa zeSa haiM / " kumArapAla ko dharmopadeza dete hue dazam dvAra se unhoMne prANa tyAga kara diyA / isa prakAra vi0 saM0 1226 meM AcArya hemacandra ne apanI aihika lIlA samApta kI / unake zarIra kI bhasma ko itane logoM ne apane mastaka para lagAyA ki antyeSTi-kriyA ke sthAna para eka gar3hA ho gayA jo Aja bhI hemakhaDDa ke nAma se prasiddha hai / zrI hemacandrAcArya kA samAdhi sthala zatruJjaya pahAr3a para sthita hai / digambara tathA zvetAmbara donoMhI ina sthAnoM kI bhaktibhAva se yAtrA karate haiM / prabhAvakcarita ke anusAra rAjA kumArapAla ko AcArya kA triyoga asahya rahA aura chaH mAsa pazcAt vaha bhI svarga sidhAra gayA / isa taraha yadi yaha kahA jAya to atyukti nahIM hogI ki tarka, lakSaNa, aura sAhitya meM pANDitya prApta karane ke sAdhana dekara hemacandra ne gujarAta ko svAvalambI banAyA | hemacandra gujarAta ke vidyAcArya haiM / bhAratavarSa ke saMskRtasAhitya ke itihAsa meM inheM mahApaNDitoM kI prathama pati meM sthAna prApta hai gujarAta meM unakA sthAna rAjA prajA ke AcAra sudhAraka rUpa se mahAna AcArya kA hai | hemacandra kA vyaktitva bahumukhI thA / ye eka sAtha mahAn santa, zAstrIya vidvAna, vaiyAkaraNa, dArzanika, kAvyakAra, yogya lekhaka aura loka carita ke amara sudhAraka the / inake vyaktitva meM svarNima prakAza kI vaha AbhA thI jisake prabhAva se siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAla jaise samrATa AkRSTa hue the / ye 9 na zraddhayaiva tvayi pakSapAto na dveSamAtrAdarUci pareSAm yathAvadAptA tAta parIkSayAca tvAmeva vande / prabhumAzritAsmaH // mahAvIra stuti - zloka 5 2 - hemAcArya kumArapAlayo mRtyuvarNanam - prabandhacintAmaNi, pRSTha - 95

Page #49
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ vizvabandhutva ke poSaka aura apane yuga ke prakAza-stambha hI nahIM, apitu yuga-yuga ke prakAza-stambha haiM / isa yuga-puruSa ko sAhitya aura samAja sarvadA natamastaka ho namaskAra karatA rhegaa| hemacandra aura unakA yuga AcArya hemacandra kA yuga gujarAta ke sAhitya evam saMskRti ke itihAsa kA svarNa-yuga kahA jA sakatA hai| isa samRddhi ke lie rAjanItika, sAmAjika, dhArmika, Arthika paristhitiyA~ pUrNatayA anukUla thiiN| anahilavAr3a meM cAlukya vaMza ke mUla pratiSThApaka zrI mUlarAja se lekara kumArapAla ke uttarAdhikAriyoM taka jo nRpa hue unameM caritra evam sadguNoM kA uttarottara vikAsa pAyA jAtA hai| mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karanA, navanirmANa karanA tathA dharmaprasAra meM yogadAna denA ina rAjAoM kA AnuvaMzika kArya thA' / sAtavIM zatI ke do gurjara narezoM jayabhaTa aura daNDa ke dAnapatroM meM 'vItarAga' aura 'prazAntarAga' vizeSaNa pAye jAte haiM, ve unake jainAnurAga ko hI prakaTa karate haiM / mUlarAja ne anahilavAr3a meM 'mUlavasatikA' nAmaka jaina mandira bnvaayaa| devagupta ke ziSya zivacandra tathA unake ziSyoM ne gurjara deza meM jaina dharma kA khUba pracAra kiyA aura use bahuta se jaina mandiroM ke nirmANa dvArA alaGkRta kiyaa| bhIma ke rAjya meM jaina dharma kA vizeSa prasAra huaa| usake mantrI prAgvATa vaMzI vimalazAha ne AbU para AdinAtha kA vaha jaina mandira banavAyA jisameM bhAratIya sthApatya-kalA ke utkRSTa darzana hote haiM / isakI sUkSma citrakArI, banAvaTa kI caturAI tathA sundaratA jagat-vikhyAta hai| isa prakAra 12 vIM zatAbdI meM gujarAta ke sAmAjika, sAhityika, sAMskRtika aura rAjanItika itihAsa kI vidhAyaka kar3I ke rUpa meM AcArya hemacandra yugAntarakArI aura yugasaMsthApaka vyaktitva ko lekara avatIrNa hue the| AcArya hemacandra ne pUrva prasiddha sabhI AcAryoM se preraNA prApta kI hogii| saMskAra samRddhi kA unheM jarUra lAbha milA hogA / haribhadrasUri, jinhoMne 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI racanA zrImAla nagara meM hI kI thI, hemacandra kI mahatvA 1 -caulukya kumArapAla-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, durgAkuNDa roDa, vaaraannsii| 2- "bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna" DA0 hIrAlAla jaina

Page #50
38 AcArya hemacandra kAMkSA ke preraNA-srota bana hoNge| 'ratnAkaravartikA' ke racayitA zrI ratnaprabhasUri hemacandra ke jyeSTha samakAlIna hI the| isa prakAra tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM kA lAbha hemacandra ko pUrA-pUrA milA hogaa| hemacandra siddharAja jayasiMha ke sabhApaNDita the| usa samaya siMha nAmaka sAMkhyavAdI, jaina vIrAcArya, 'pramANanayatatvAvaloka', aura 'syAdvAda-ratnAkara' nAmaka TIkA ke racayitA, prasiddha tArkika vAdi devasUri prakhyAta vidvAn the / 'kumudacandra' nATaka meM jayasiMha kI vidvatsabhA kA varNana hai| usameM tarka, bhArata, pArAzara, maharSisama maharSi, zAradA deza ke suvikhyAta 'utsAha' paNDita, sAgarasama sAgara paNDita tathA pramANazAstra pAraGgata 'rAma' kA ullekha hai / bar3anagara kI prazasti ke racayitA prajJAcakSu prAgvAT (poravAr3a), kavi zrIpAla aura mahAvidvAn mahAmati bhAgavata evam devabodha paraspara spardhA karate hue bhI jayasiMha ko mAnya the| vArANasI ke bhAvabRhaspati ne bhI pATana meM Akara zavadharma ke uddhAra ke lie jayasiMha ko samajhAyA thaa| isI bhAvabRhaspati ko kumArapAla ne somanAtha pATana kA gaNDa (rakSaka) bhI banAyA thaa| isake atirikta maladhArI hemacandra 'gaNaratnamahodadhi' ke kartA vardhamAnasUri, 'vAgabhaTAlaGkAra' ke kartA vAgbhaTa Adi vidvAn pATana meM prasiddha the| jisa paNDita-maNDala meM AcArya hemacandra ne prasiddhi prApta kI vaha sAdhAraNa nahIM thA, kintu unakA prabhAva prArambha se hI akSuNNa rhaa| zrI devasUri, jo vAdidevasUri nAma se prasiddha the, AcArya hemacandra ke sAtha siddharAja jayasiMha kI sabhA meM the| eka bAra kumudacandra nAmaka digambara vidvAn karNAvatI meM Aye / zAstrArtha kA dina nizcita huaa| mayaNallA devI kumudacandra kI pakSapAtinI thii| usa sabhA meM prabhu zrI devasUri ne munIndra hemacandra ke sAtha eka hI Asana ko alaGkRta kiyA thaa| hemacandra ne avasthA meM kama hone para bhI AcAryatva kI dRSTi se variSTha hone ke nAte, devasUri kI sahAyatA kii| usa samaya sambhavataH devasUri ke samAna hemacandra prasiddha nahIM the| vAdavivAda ke anta meM kumudacandra ne kahA, 'zrI devAcArya ne mujhe jIta liyaa| zrI hemacandra ne kahA, 'sUrya ke samAna devAcArya kumudacandra ko na jIta pAte to zvetAmbara saMsAra meM kauna kaTi meM vastra pahanane pAtA / ' 'prabandhacintAmaNi' ke anusAra

Page #51
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ isa vAda-vivAda sabhA meM kAkala kAyastha bhI upasthita the| prabhAvaka ke anusAra utsAha paNDita bhI vahA~ vidyamAna the| samakAlIna AcAryoM meM hemacandra kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki samakAlIna AcAryoM ne vizeSakara dhArmika evam dArzanika pakSa kA hI maNDana kiyA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ne tIrthaGkaroM ke caritra bhI likhe / kintu sAhitya, darzana evam dharma ke pratyeka pahalU para samAna rUpa se sAdhikAra prakAza DAlane vAlA eka bhI lekhaka nahIM huaa| devasUrI ne 'pramANanayatatvAlokAlaGkAra' tathA 'syAdvAdaratnAkara' nAmakavRhaTTIkA kI racanA kI; kintu ve TIkAe~ hemacandra kI pramANamImAMsA se nikRSTa haiN| zrI dattasUri ke praziSya aura yazobhadrasUri ke, jinakA nirvANa giranAra meM huA, ziSya pradyumnasUri ne 'sthAnaka prakaraNa' likhaa| unake ziSya devacandra ne sthAnaka prakaraNa para TIkA tathA 'zAntijina carita' likhaa| devacandra ne 'candralekhA vijaya prakaraNa' bhI likhA / haribhadrasUri te saM0 1216 meM ' nemicarita' pUrA kiyaa| somaprabhasUri ne 'kumArapAla prati bodha' likhA jisameM hemacandra kI mahattA para prakAza DAlA gyaa| yazapAla ne 'moharAja vijaya' nATaka meM kumArapAla ke jainadharma-varaNa ke viSaya meM varNana kiyA hai / somadeva ke putra vAgbhaTa ne 'neminAtha carita' likhaa| AcArya hemacandra kA ziSya-sampradAya bhI bahuta bar3A thA / sannATa kumArapAla, udayana mantrI AmrabhaTTa, vAgbhaTa, cAhaDa, kholaka, rAjavargIyA prajAvargIya, Adi zrAvaka ziSyoM ke atirikta prabandhazataka kavi rAmacandrasUri, anekArtha koza ke TIkAkAra mahendrasUri, guNacandragaNi, vardhamAnagaNi, devacandragaNi, yazazcandragaNi, mahAnvaiyAkaraNa udayacandragaNi Adi inake ziSya the| isa prakAra isa yuga meM sAhitya-sarjanA paryApta mAtrA meM huI yadyapi isameM TIkAe~ tathA sAra adhika haiN| vAstu-kalA para isa yuga kA prabhAva pdd'aa| kalA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha yuga bar3A saphala rahA hai / vAstu-kalA kI vibhinna zailiyoM kA vikAsa hemacandra-yuga meM hI huaa| jainoM ne bhavana-nirmANa meM bahuta adhika ruci dikhAyI / hemacandra ke prabhAva se gujarAta, kAThiyAvADa, kaccha, rAjapUtAnA evam mAlavA meM jainadharma phailA / kumArapAla pratibodha ke anusAra pATana meM kumAravihAra, pArzvanAtha meM 24 tIrthaGkaroM ke sone, cA~dI evam tA~be kI pratimAe~ haiM, tathA tribhuvana vihAra meM 72 mandira, jinameM neminAtha kI sone kI pratimA hai, bane haiN| kumAra vihAra meM caitra aura Azvina kI pUrNimA ko ratha-yAtrA nikalatI thI /

Page #52
AcArya hemacandra mANDalika rAjAoM ne bhI apane-apane nagaroM meM vihAra banavAye / gujarAta se vAstu-kalA meM niSNAta logoM kI mA~ga dakSiNa meM bhI kI jAtI thii| usa yuga meM vidyA aura kalA ko jo preraNA milI thI, usameM hemacandra ko bhI vidvAn hone ke sAdhana sulabha hue hoNge| za anuzruti ke anusAra mAlavA-vijaya ke pazcAt siddharAja jayasiMha ne avantinAtha kA viruda dhAraNa kiyA thaa| cAlukya vaMza meM mAlavA ke sAtha pratispardhA evam IrSyA kI bhAvanA rAjA bhImadeva prathama se calI ArahI thii| acArya hemacandra ke samaya yaha rAjanItika spardhA sAhityika spardhA meM pariNata ho gayI / mAlavA kI vijaya ke pazcAt sAhitya evam saMskRti ke kSetra meM bhI mAlavA para vijaya prApta kara siddharAja jayasiMha ne avantinAtha viruda yathArtha kiyaa| sAhityika kSetra meM gujarAta ko vijayazrI pradAna karane hetu AcArya hemacandra ne pratyeka kSetra meM maulika sAhitya kI racanA kI / hemacandra kA racanAkAla AcArya hemacandra kA siddharAja jayasiMha ke sAtha prathamaparicaya lagabhaga vi0 saM0 1166 ke bAda huA hogA; kyoMki sUripada prApta hone ke bAda hI unheM rAjAzraya milA hogaa| jayasiMha ne vi0 saM0 1161-62 meM mAlavA para vijaya prApta kara avantinAtha kA viruda dhAraNa kiyaa| taba siddharAja ke AgrahAnusAra hemacandra ne apanA prasiddha grantha zabdAnuzAsana 'siddhahema' vyAkaraNa nAma se likhA / prabandhacintAmaNi ke anusAra yaha grantha eka varSa meM pUrNa huaa| 'sapAdalakSapramANaM grantha saMvatsare racayAMcakre' isa vyAkaraNa meM savA lAkha paGktiyA~ thiiN| itanA bar3A grantha eka varSa meM pUrA huA hogA isameM sandeha hai| DA0 bUlhara ne 'siddhahema' kI prazasti ke AdhAra para yaha kahA hai ki mAlava-vijaya ke pazcAt evam tIrtha-yAtrA se pUrva vyAkaraNa-racanA sampanna huI hogI jisake liye ve 3 varSa kA samaya mAnate haiN| do-tIna varSa kA samaya grahIta kara lene para zabdAnuzAsana kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1162-65 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai / DA0 bUlhara ke mata se donoM koza jayasiMha kI mRtyu ke pUrva race gaye hoNge| isI prakAra saMskRta dvayAzraya ke prathama caudaha sargoM kI bhI racanA unake sAmane hI huI hogI; kintu sampUrNa dvayAzraya kAvya vi0 saM0 1220 ke pUrva nahIM ho sakA hogaa| tadanantara unhoMne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' likhA hogA / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM kumArapAla kA kahIM bhI nAma nahIM hai| ataH ukta grantha kumArapAla se pUrva jaya

Page #53
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ siMha ke rAjya meM hI 'zabdAnuzAsana' ke bAda likhA gayA hogaa| isakA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1165-66 taka honA sambhava hai| 'hema vRhadvatti' ke vyAkhyAkAra paM. candrasAgara sUri ke matAnusAra hemacandrAcArya ne vyAkaraNa kI racanA saM0 1163-64 meM kI thii| DA0 bUlhara ke mata se 'kAvyAnuzAsana' tathA 'chando'nuzAsana' kumArapAla ke prArambhika rAjyakAla meM race gaye hoNge| bUlhara kA kA mata, ki 'chando'nuzAsana' meM rAjA kI stuti nahIM hai, bhrAnta hai / 'chando'nuzAsana' meM siddharAja jayasiMha evam kumArapAla donoM kI stutiyA~ hai / jinameM 4 jayasiMha ke lie tathA 46 dUsare cAlukya nRpoM ke lie haiM; kintu adhikAMza meM kumArapAla kI stutiyA~ hai| ataH 'chando'nuzAsana' kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla meM hI racA gayA honA caahiye| rAjA kumArapAla ke Agraha se AcArya hemacandra ne 'yogazAstra', 'vItarAgastuti', 'kumArapAla carita' (prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya) evam 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita' kI racanA kI / unakI antima racanA 'pramANamImAMsA' thI, yaha unakI svalikhita prastAvanA se siddha hotA hai / kumArapAla kA zAsana-kAla vi0 saM0 1226 taka thA aura vahI hemacandra kA jIvana-kAla thaa| ve kumArapAla ke 6 mAsa pUrva hI svargavAsI ho cuke the, ataH hemacandra kA racanA-kAla nizcita rUpa se vi0 saM0 1192 se 1228 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| DA0 bUlhara ke mata se kumArapAla ke prArambhika rAjyakAla meM kozoM ke zeSa pariziSTa tathA 'dezI nAmamAlA' kI racanA huI hogii| tIna nighaNTu isI kAla ke haiM / dezI nAmamAlA kI vistRta TIkA kA racanA-kAla DA0 bUlhara vi0 saM0 1214-15 mAnate haiM / 'yogazAstra' tathA 'vItarAgastotra', vi0 saM0 1216 ke pazcAt likhe gaye hoMge / tatpazcAt TIkA likhI gayI hogii| 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita' kA racanA-kAla DA0 bUlhara vi0 saM0 1216-1226 ke bIca mAnate haiM / 'kumArapAla carita', 'saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya' ke antima pA~ca sarga tathA 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' kI TIkA bhI isI kAla kI samajhanI cAhiye; kyoMki 'amidhAna cintAmaNi' meM 'yogazAstra' evam 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita' donoM 1 -Anantaryo vAtha zabda: zabdakAvyachando nu zAsanebhyo'naMtaraM pramANa mImAM syata ityarthaH iti svayameva AcAryoktyaiva pratIyate-Arhatamata prabhAkara prakAzana pramANamImAMsA-motIlAla vAdhAjI, 196 bhavAnI peTha, pUnA, tathA tri0pa0 pu0 ca0 18-16

Page #54
AcArya hemacandra kA ullekha hai| nizcita rUpa se vi0 saM0 1216 ke pazcAt anekArtha koza kI TIkA AcArya kI dRSTi ke pazcAt mahendrasUri ziSya ne likhI hogii| DA0 bUlhara 'pramANamImAMsA' ko vi0 saM0 1216-26 ke bIca meM rakhate hai / isa taraha, AcArya kA racanA-kAla saM0 1192 se Arambha hotA hai tathA 1226 taka samApta hotA hai| hemacandra ke saMskRta pranthoM kI saMkhyA aura unakA viSayAnusAra vargIkaraNa hemacandra dvArA racita paGktiyoM kI saMkhyA 3 // karor3a batAyI jAtI hai| yadi hama ise atizayokti mAna leM, to unakI 100 se adhika racanAe~ hoNgii| racanAoM ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki hemacandra apane samaya ke advitIya vidvAna the| sAhitya ke sampUrNa itihAsa meM kisI dUsare granthakAra kI itanI adhika aura vividha viSayoM kI racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiN| racanAoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM 'prabhAvacarita' kA hemasUri prabandha draSTavya hai jisameM 12 granthoM ke nAma ginAye haiM vyAkaraNaM paMcAMgaM pramANazAstraM pramANabhImAMsAm / chandolaMkRti cUDAmaNIca zAstre vibhULadhita // ekArthAnakA* dezyA nigaNTu iti ca catvAraH / vihitAzca nAma kozAH bhuvi kavitA nayyupAdhyAyAH // trayuttaraSaSThizalAkA-narezavrata gRhivrata vicaare| adhyAtma yogazAstraM vidadheca dvayAzrayaM mahAkAvyam / / cakre viMzatimUccaiH sa vItarAgastavAnAMca / iti tadvihita granya-saMkhyaiva hi na vidyate // nAmApi na vidantyanyetvAM mAdRzA maMdabuddhayaH // 832-836 kAvyamAlA sIrIz2a ke antargata kAvyAnuzAsana kI prastAvanA meM aupha - ceTa kaeNTalaoNga (Aufrech's catalogus) diyA huA hai / usa sUcI ke anusAra 'anekArtha koza' anekArtha zeSa, abhidhAnacintAmaNi', (nAmamAlA vyAkhyA) 'alaGkAra cUDAmaNi', 'uNAdi sUtravRtti', 'kAvyAnuzAsanam' 'chando'nuzAsanam' tadavRtiH 'dezInAmamAlA', savRtti, dvayAzraya kAvya, savRtti, dhAtupATha savRtti, dhAtupArAyaNa savRtti, dhAtumAlA, nAmamAlA zeSa, nighaNTu zeSa, pramANamImAMsA savRttiH balAbala sUtra bRhadavRtiH bAlabhASA vyAkaraNa sUtravRtti, yoga-zAstra, vibhramasUtra liGgAnuzAsana savRtti, zabdAnuzAsana savRtti, zeSa saGgraha, zeSa saGgraha sAroddhAra inakI prasiddha kRtiyA~ mAnI gayI haiM /

Page #55
jIvana-vRtta tathA racanAe~ 43 DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra hemacandra ne 'uttarAdhyayana' para TIkA likhI thii| 'sarvadarzana saGgraha' meM hemacandra ke nAma para do granthoM ke nAma aura haiM 'Avazyaka sUtra bhASyavRtti' tathA 'AptanizcayAlaGkAra' / sambhavataH mAdhavAcArya ke samaya ina granthoM kI prasiddhi rahI hogI, isaliye 'sarvadarzana saGgraha' meM unakA ullekha hai| 'AptanizcayAlaGkAra' kA ullekha zrI varadAcArI ne bhI kiyA hai| sAtha meM 'laghuarhannIti' nAmaka navIna saMkSipta grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM 'nyAya balAbalasUtrANi' tathA 'saptasandhAna mahAkAvyam' ke ullekha milate haiM / viSayAnusAra mahatvapUrNa racanAe~ nimna prakAra haiM (1) purANa-'trizaSTizalAkA puruSacarita'- isameM saMskRta kAvya zailI dvArA jainadharma ke 24 tIrthakaroM, 12 cakravartiyoM, 6 nArAyaNoM, 6 pratinArAyaNoM evam 6 baladevoM, isa prakAra 63 pramukha vyaktiyoM ke caritoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha purANa aura kAvya-kalA donoM hI dRSTi se uttama hai / pariziSTa parva to bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa kI gaveSaNA meM bahuta upayogI hai| (2) kAvya-'dvayAzraya kAvya'- isa nAma ke do kAraNa hai| prathama kAraNa to yaha hai ki saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM hI bhASAoM meM likhA gayA hai / dvitIya kAraNa yaha bhI sambhava hai ki isa kRti kA uddezya apane samaya ke rAjA kumArapAla kA caritra varNana karanA haiM / aura isase bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa uddezya saMskRta aura prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke sUtra-kramAnusAra niyamoM ke udAharaNa prastuta karanA hai| (3) stotra-'dvAtrizikAe~'- stotra-sAhitya kI dRSTi se uttama kRtiyA~ 'vItarAgastuti' aura 'mahAvIra stotra' bhI sundara mAna jAte haiM / 'vItarAga stotroM kI saMkhyA 20 hai| (4) vyAkaraNa -'zabdAnuzAsana'- saMskRta- prAkRta donoM bhASAoM ke lie yaha vyAkaraNa upayogI aura prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai| isameM sUtravRtti, laghu tathA vRhadvRtti, tathA gaNapATha, dhAtupATha, uNAdi sUtra milAkara 84000 zloka haiN| (5) chanda -'chando'nuzAsana' -isameM saMskRta, prAkRta evam apabhraMzasAhitya ke chandoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / inhoMne chandoM ke udAharaNa apanI maulika racanAoM dvArA diye hai / isameM rasagaGgAdhara ke samAna saba kucha AcArya kA apanA hai| (6) alaGkAra -'kAvyAnuzAsana'- yaha apane viSaya kA sAGgo

Page #56
AcArya hemacandra pAGga grantha hai |grnthkaar ne svayam hI sUtra, alaGkAra-cUDAmaNi nAma kI vRtti evam viveka nAma kI TIkA likhI hai / isameM kAvya ke prayojana, hetu arthAlaGkAra, guNa-doSa, dhvani ityAdi siddhAntoM para hemacandra ne gahana evam vistRta adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| (7) koza - inake 4 prasiddha koza haiM- 1, 'abhidhAna-cintAmaNi' 2, 'anekArthasaGgraha' 3, 'nighaNTu' 4, 'dezInAmamAlA' / prathama meM amarakoza ke samAna saMskRta kI eka vastu ke lie aneka zabdoM kA ullekha hai| dUsarA koza eka zabda ke aneka arthoM kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| tIsarA vanaspati zAstra kA koza hai / cauthA aise zabdoM kA koza hai jo unake saMskRta athavA prAkRta vyAkaraNa se siddha nahIM hote / prAkRta, apabhraza evam Adhunika bhASAoM ke adhyayana ke lie yaha koza bahuta hI upayogI hai| (8) nyAya- 'pramANamImAMsA'- isameM pramANa aura prameya kA savistAra vivecana vidyamAna hai| (9) yogazAstra- isameM jaina-darzana ke dhyeya ke sAtha yoga kI prakriyA ke samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isakI zailI pataMjalI ke yogasUtra se milatI hai / para viSaya aura varNanakrama donoM meM maulikatA aura bhinnatA hai| dvAdaza vrata- aNuvrata-5- 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. asteya, 4. brahmacarya aura 5. aparigraha / guNavrata-3- 1. diviratiH, 2. bhogopabhogamAna aura 3. anarthaM daNDa viramaNa / zikSAvrata-4- 1. sAmayikavrata, 2. dezAvakAsika, 3. poSadha aura atithi saMvibhAga / AcArya ke 36 guNa(1) tapa-12- 1. anazana, 2. avamaudarya, 3. vRttipari saMkhyAna, 4. rasaparityAga, 5. viviktazayyAsana, 6. kAyakleza, 7. prAyazcitta, 8. vinaya, 6. vaiyAvRtya, 10. svAdhyAya, 11. vyutsarga aura 12. dhyAna / (2)dharma-10- 1. uttamakSamA, 2. mArdava, 3. Arjava, 4. zauca, 5. satya, 6. saMyama, 7. tapa, 8. tyAga, 6. AkiMcanya aura 10. brahmacarya /

Page #57
jIvana-bRta tathA racanAe~ (3)AcAra-5- (4)Avazyaka 6 1. jJAnAcAra, 2. darzanAcAra, 3. tapAcAra 4. vIryAcAra aura 5. caritrAcAra / 1. sAmAyika, 2. caturvizaMtistava, 3. vandanA, 4. pratikramaNa, 5. kAyotsarga, aura 6. pratyAkhyAna / 1. kAyagupti, 2. vacanagupti aura 3. mnogupti| (5)gupti 3

Page #58
adhyAya-2 hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha dvayAzraya kAvya tathA kumArapAlacaritam AcArya hemacandra ne aneka viSayoM para vividha prakAra ke kAvya race haiM / unake kAvya-sAhitya meM itihAsa hai, purANa hai, darzana hai evam bhakti bhI hai / satya bAta yaha hai ki AcArya mUlataH jainadharma ke uddhAraka evam pracAraka rahe haiN| jIvana kA pradhAna lakSya jainadharma kA pracAra hone ke kAraNa unakI pratyeka sAdhanA usI lakSya kI pUrti kI ora agrasara huii| azvaghoSa ke samAna hemacandra bhI soddezya kAvya-racanA meM vizvAsa rakhate the| inakA kAvya "kAvyamAnandAya," na hokara 'kAvyam dharmapracArAya' hai / aisI racanAoM meM kAvya-tatva ke vizeSarUpa se na rahane para bhI samAja ke abhyudaya ke lie yojanA avazya hotI hai| kAvya ke mukhya prayojana ke sAtha AzrayadAtA kI pANDityapUrNa prazaMsA evam dharma-guru tIrthaGkaroM ke prati bhaktibhAvayukta zraddhAJjali arpita karanA bhI unake kAvya kA uddezya pratIta hotA hai / isa dRSTi se AcArya hemacandra ke kAvya tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiye jA sakate haiM- (1) aitihAsika kAvya (2) purANa (3) bhakti evam darzana kAvya / unakA dvayAzraya mahAkAvya nizcitarUpa se aitihAsika kAvya hai| 'triSaSThiza lAkA puruSa carita' eka purANa kAvya hai, jisameM jainadharma evam saMskRti kA vizad varNana hai / 'dvAtriMzikA' ke antargata do choTe-choTe kAvya haiM jinameM jaina-darzana ko dRSTi se svamata maNDana evam paramata khaNDana vidyamAna hai / 'vItarAga stotra' vizuddha rUpa se bhaktikAvya hai jisakA saMskRta stotra-sAhitya meM mahatva pUrNa sthAna hai|

Page #59
47 hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya zAstra- kAvya kI paramparA meM AcArya hemacandra ke dvayAzraya kAvya kA sthAna apUrva hai / unakA yaha kAvya vyAkaraNa, itihAsa aura kAvya tInoM kA vAhaka hai / " dvayAzraya" kAvya meM do bhAga haiM / "dvayAzraya" nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki usameM do tathyoM ko sannibaddha kiyA gayA hai| prathama bhAga meM 20 sarga aura 2888 zloka haiM / dvitIya bhAga 8 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai / yaha prAkRta bhASA kA kAvya hai / aitihAsika lakSya ke sAtha-sAtha nizcit rUpa se vyAkaraNa bhI isakA lakSya hai / kyoMki apane hI vyAkaraNa meM diye hue niyamoM ke udAharaNoM ko dikhAnA bhI isa kAvya kA prayojana hai / ataH isameM cAlukya vaMza ke caritra ke sAtha vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM / isa kAvya meM kumArapAla evam unake pUrvajoM kA vRttAnta vistRta rUpa meM milatA hai jo cAlukya vaMza ke itihAsa ke lie spaSTatayA mUlyavAna hai / kalhaNa ke anantara race gaye aitihAsika kAvyoM meM jaina muni hemacandra vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM jinhoMne anahilavAr3a ke cAlukya vaMzIya rAjA kumArapAla ke sammAnArtha 'dvayAzraya' kAvya kI racanA kI / prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya ko kumArapAlacarita bhI kahate haiM / jaina kavi hema - candra aitihAsika viSaya para nibaddha mahAkAvyoM kI racanA meM nitAntadakSa haiM; parantu inakA sAhityika tathA aitihAsika mUlya parivartanazIla hai / hemacandra ne dvayAzraya kAvya meM gujarAta ke rAjAoM kA carita apane AzrayadAtA evam priyaziSya kumArapAla taka nibaddha kiyA hai / yaha aitihAsika hone ke sAtha-sAtha zAstra - kAvya bhI hai tathA saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNa jAnane ke lie nitAnta upayogI hai / meM hemacandra kA saMskRta dvayAzraya 4 kAvya bahuguNa sampanna hai / isa mahAkAvya : unhoMne sUtroM kA sandarbha dekara apanI viziSTha pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai / isameM sRSTi-varNana, Rtu-varNana, rasa varNana, Adi sabhI mahAkAvya ke guNa vartamAna haiM / - vizva - sAhitya kI rUpa rekhA - bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya / - saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa - e0 vI0 kItha - tathA baladeva upAdhyAya 1 2 3 - saMskRta sAhitya kI rUparekhA - nAnUrAma vyAsa aura candrazekhara pANDe tathA rAmajI upAdhyAya kA saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa 4 - dvayAzraya kAvya Commentary by abhayatilaka gaNI Vor I & II by A. V. Kathawate ; Bombay, Sanskrit and Prakirt series vol I, 1921, Vol II, 1915

Page #60
48 AcArya hemacandra saMkSepa meM dvayAzraya mahAkAvya kI viSaya-vastu nimnAnusAra hai : saMskRta-kavi paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue AcArya hemacandra bhI maGgalAcaraNa se kAvya kA Arambha karate haiM / tatpazcAt cAlukya vaMza kI stuti, aNahilapaTTana kA rasa-bharita varNana karake cAlukya vaMza ke mUla-puruSa mUlarAja kA varNana prArambha karate haiM / yahA~ prathama sarga samApta hotA hai / mUlarAja ke svapna meM zrI zambhu kA upadeza, bandIkRta prabhAta-varNana, grAharipu ko daNDa dene ke lie mantriyoM ko protsAhana, ityAdi varNana meM dvitIya sarga samApta hotA hai| tRtIya sarga zaratkala-varNana se Arambha hotA hai| tatpazcAt mUlarAja kI vijayayAtrA kA upakrama, prasthAna, jambUmAli meM sarovara ke kinAre senA-nivAsa kA sundara varNana AtA hai| cauthe sarga meM mUlarAja ke pAsa grahAri ke dUta kA Agamana, sambhASaNa, mUlarAja kA samyak uttara, mUlarAja ke dvArA preSita dUta kA grahAri ko sandeza, grahAri kA raNa ke lie prasthAna, mArga meM ariSTa darzana, devatAyana tor3ate hue jambUmAli meM Agamana, ityAdi bAteM samAhita haiM / paJcama sarga meM vIrarasapUrNa yuddha-varNana hai / grahAri kI prANa-rakSA ke lie usakI patnI kI yAcanA, mUlarAja ke rAjadhAnI meM punarAgamana ke sAtha yaha sarga samApta hotA hai| mUlarAja ke cAmuNDarAja nAma kA putra hotA hai / cAmuNDarAja kA varNana yahA~ prArambha hotA hai| lATa deza ke rAjA ko daNDa dene ke lie mUlarAja tathA cAmuNDarAja donoM zvabhravatI taTapara gye| donoM ke yuddha-varNana, lATa hanana ke pazcAt cAmuNDa ke rAjyAbhiSeka tathA mUlarAja ke svarga-gamana varNana meM chaTA sarga samApta hotA hai| cAmuNDarAja ke vallabharAja, durlabharAja aura nAgarAja ke nAma tIna putra hue| vallabharAja dvArA mAlava deza para AkramaNa, vahA~ zItalikA roga se pIr3ita hokara vallabharAja kA svarga-gamana, cAmuNDa kA putra zoka, dUsare putra durlabharAja ko gaddI para baiThAkara narmadA kinAre tapa karane ke lie cAmuNDarAja kA gamana durlabharAja kA mahendra kI bahana durlabha devI ke svayambara meM jAnA, vivAha karanA, vivAhotsava kA varNana, nAgarAja kA bhI mahendra ko dUsarI bhaginI se vivAha, tatpazcAt yuddha ke lie taiyAra nRpa-gaNa ko mAra kara rAjadhAnI meM durlabharAja kA punarAgamana, ityAdi viSaya saptama sarga meM varNita haiM / nAgarAja ko bhIma nAma kA putra huaa| bhIma kA rAjyAbhiSeka, bhIma kA cara se bhASaNa, sindha-pati hammuka aura bhImarAja kA yuddha, hammuka kI parAjaya, ityAdi viSaya aSTama sarga meM sammilita haiM / bhImadeva kA cedi deza gamana, dUta kA Agamana, sammAna, bhImarAja kA vApasa calA AnA; bhImarAja ke kSemarAja aura karNadeva nAmaka do putra hue /

Page #61
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha 46 kSemarAja ke devaprasAda nAma kA putra huA / kaNaM kA rAjyAbhiSeka, bhImarAja kA svargagamana,kSemarAja kA sarasvatI nadI ke pAsa maNDUkezvara puNyakSetra meM tapa karanA, unakI sevA ke lie putra devaprasAda kA jAnA, use dadhisthalI kA prApta honA, jayakezI kI putrI mayaNalla devI se karNa kA vivAha; ina saba bAtoM kA varNana navam sarga meM hai / dazam sarga meM karNa kA santAna rahita rahanA, lakSmI devI bhavanagamana, lakSmI devI kI upAsanA, varSA Rtu kA vaNana, pralobhanArtha apsarAoM kA Agamana, karNa kA sthiratva, bhagnamanorathA apsarAoM kA calA jAnA, phira ki ugra puruSa kA karNa ko khAne ke lie daur3anA, karNa kA avicalita rahanA, anta meM lakSmI devI kA prasanna honA, karNa ke dvArA lakSmI kI stuti, putra-prApti kA vara dekara lakSmI kA aMtardhAna honA, karNarAja kA rAjadhAnI vApasa lauTanA varNita hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM lakSmI devI kI kRpA se zrImatI mayaNallA devI garbhavatI rahatI hai tathA dasaveM mAsa meM jayasiMha kA janma hotA hai / yahA~ bAla-varNana vistAra pUrvaka milatA hai / jayasiMha kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara karNa deva svarga sidhAra jAte haiM / devaprasAda apanA putra tribhuvanapAla jayasiMha ke hAthoM meM dekara citA meM praveza karate haiM / bArahaveM sarga meM rAkSasoM kA upadrava batAne ke lie RSiyoM kA Agamana hotA hai / tadanusAra barbara rAkSasoM kA vadha karane ke lie jayasiMha prasthAna karate haiN| yuddha hotA hai| anta meM patnI kI prArthanA para jayasiMha rAkSasa ko chor3a dete haiM aura phira ghara Ate haiN| terahaveM sarga meM barbara rAkSasoM ne kaI bheTeM dI unase jayasiMha kA acchA manoraMjana hotA hai| janazruti sunane ke lie jayasiMha nagara ke bAhara jAte haiN| vahA~ sarasvatI nadI ke kinAre nAgamithuna-darzana hotA hai / dUsare dina rAta meM yoginI ke sAtha rAjA kA vArtAlApa hotA hai| caudahaveM sarga meM yazovarmA rAjA ko mitra banAkara kAlikA yoginI kI pUjA karatA hai| rAjA senA ke sAtha prasthAna karatA hai| anta meM yazovarmA rAjA ko bA~dhatA hai| pandrahaveM sarga meM siddharAja jayasiMha rAjadhAnI meM Akara uddaNDoM ko daNDa detA hai / somanAtha kI pavitra yAtrA karatA hai| vahA~ kumArapAla rAjA hogA, aisA kahakara zambhu aMtardhAna ho jAte haiM / yahA~ yAtrA-varNana, Rtu-varNana, tathA mandira-sthApanA kA ati sundara varNana hai| anta meM jayasiMha kA svarga-gamana hotA hai| solahaveM sarga meM kumArapAla kA rAjyAbhiSeka hotA hai / usa samaya paryApta loga isakA virodha karate haiM / kumArapAla arbudagiri jAte haiN| yahA~ arbuda parvata kA sundara varNana hai / prAyaH sabhI RtuoM kA varNana yahA~ AtA hai| satrahaveM sarga meM striyoM kA puSpoccaya, vallabhoM ke sAtha gamana, nadI, jalakrIr3A, nizA, surata, sUryodaya, Adi kA

Page #62
50 .. AcArya hemacandra sundara varNana hai| aTThArahaveM sarga meM kumArapAla kA araNorAja se yuddha kA varNana hai tathA usameM araNorAja kA parAbhava batalAyA gayA hai| unnIsaveM sarga meM araNorAja jalhaNa kanyA ko kumArapAla ko dete haiN| kumArapAla usase vivAha karate haiN| isa bAta kA virodha karane vAle vallAla kA senApati parAbhava karate haiM / anyAnya zatruoM ko jItakara kumArapAla pRthvI kA nyAyapUrvaka zAsana karate haiN| bIsaveM sarga meM eka dina rAta meM unakA eka grAmINa se saMvAda hotA hai / kumArapAla AryA ghoSaNA kara pati-putra hIna strI kI Atmotsarga se rakSA karate haiM tathA anAthoM kI sampatti na lene kA niyama banAte haiN| yahA~ kedAra harmya kA sundara varNana hai / aNahilapura meM kumArapAlezvara nAmaka devapattana, pitRvezmana kumArapAla banavAte haiN| isa kAvya kI zloka-saMkhyA sargAnusAra isa prakAra hai-- sarga 1,-201, sarga 2-110, sarga 3-160, sarga 4-064, sarga 5-142, sarga 6-107, sarga 7-142, sarga 8-125, sarga 6-172, sarga 10-060, sarga 11-118, sarga 12-81, sarga 13-110, sarga 14-074, sarga 15-124, sarga 16-067, sarga 17-138, sarga 18-106, sarga 16-137, sarga 20-102, varNana kI dRSTi se prathama sarga meM nagara-varNana, dUsare sarga meM prabhAta-varNana, tIsare, dasaveM, pandrahaveM, aura solahaveM sarga meM vividha RtuoM kA varNana, pA~caveM, chaThe, AThaveM, bArahaveM, tathA aThAharaveM sarga meM yuddha-varNana, sAtaveM tathA pandrahaveM sarga meM yAtrA-varNana, solahaveM sarga meM parvata-varNana, unnIsaveM sarga meM vivAha-varNana, satrahaveM sarga meM striyoM kA puSpoccaya, vallabhoM ke sAtha gamana, nadI, jalakrIr3A, nizA, surata, evam sUyardoya Adi kA varNana hai| saMskRta mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa isameM vidyamAna haiM / ataH mahAkAvya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha eka atyanta saphala racanA hai| prAkRta-dvayAdhaya kAvya athavA kumArapAlacarita AcArya hemacandra ne svaracita prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko spaSTa karane * ke lie prAkRta-dvayAzraya kAvya kI racanA kii| isameM 8 sarga haiN| Arambha ke 6 sargoM meM mahArASTrIya prAkRta ke udAharaNa aura niyama varNita haiM / zeSa do sargoM meM zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikA paizAcI aura apabhraMza bhASA ke udAharaNa prayukta haiM / 'kumArapAlacarita' ke antima sarga meM 14-82 taka padya apabhraza meM milate haiN| ina padyoM meM dhArmika upadeza bhAvanA pradhAna hai| apabhraMza

Page #63
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha 51 meM aneka naye chandoM kA prAdurbhAva huA jinakA saMskRta meM abhAva hai / apabhraMza meM hasva aura dIrgha svara ke vyatyaya ke niyama kA hemacandra ne nirdeza kiyA hai| jaise-sarasvatI-sarasaI, mAlA-mAla, jvAlA-jAla, maaria-maariaa| isa kAvya kA prAkRta meM vahI mahatva aura sthAna hai jo saMskRta meM bhaTTi kAvya kA; kintu bhaTTi kAvya meM vaha pUrNatA tathA kramabaddhatA nahIM hai jo hemacandra kI kRti meM milatI hai| yaha zAstrIya kAvya hai / isa para pUrNa kalaza gaNI kI saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| kathAvastu ___ aNahilapura nagara meM kumArapAla zAsana karatA thaa| isane apane bhujabala se rAjya kI sImA ko bahuta vistRta kiyA thaa| prAtaHkAla stuti-pAThaka apanI stutiyA~ sunAkara rAjA ko jAgrata karate the| zayana se uThakara rAjA nityakarma kara tilaka lagAtA aura dvijoM se AzIrvAda prApta karatA thaa| vaha sabhI logoM kI prArthanAe~ sunatA, mAtRgRha meM praveza karatA aura lakSmI kI pUjA karatA thaa| tatpazcAt vyAyAma zAlA meM jAkara vyAyAma karatA thaa| ina samasta kriyAoM ke anantara vaha hAthI para savAra hokara jina-mandira meM darzana ke lie jAtA thA / vahA~ jinendra bhagavAna kI vidhivata pUjA-stuti karane ke anantara saMgIta kA kAryakrama Arambha hotA thA / tadanantara vaha apane azva para ArUr3ha hokara dhavalagRha meM lauTa AtA thaa| madhyAhna ke uparAMta kumArapAla udyAna-krIr3A ke lie jAtA thaa| isa prasaGga meM kavi ne vasanta Rtu kI suSamA kA vyApaka varNana kiyA hai / krIr3A meM sammilita nara-nAriyoM kI vibhinna sthitiyA~ varNita haiM / jaba grISmaRtu kA praveza hotA hai, to kavi grISma kI uSNatA aura dAha kA varNana karatA hai / isa prasaGga meM rAjA kI jala-krIr3A kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| varSA, hemanta aura zizira, ina tInoM RtuoM kA citraNa bhI sundara kiyA hai| udyAna se lauTakara rAjA kumArapAla apane mahala meM AtA hai aura sAndhya-karma karane meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai / candrodaya hotA hai / kavi AlaGkArika zailI meM candrodaya kA varNana karatA hai| kumArapAla maNDapikA meM baiThatA hai, purohita mantrapATha karatA hai / bAje bajate haiM, aura vAravanitAyeM thAlI meM dIpaka rakhakara upasthita hotI haiN| rAjA ke samakSa seTha, sArthavAha Adi mahAjana Asana grahaNa karate haiN| tatpazcAt sandhivigrAhika rAjA ke balavIrya kA yazogAna karatA huA vijJapti pATha Arambha

Page #64
52 AcArya hemacandra karatA hai-'he rAjan ! ApakI senA ke yoddhAoM ne kokaNa deza meM pahuMca kara mallikArjuna nAmaka kokaNAdhIza kI senA ke sAtha yuddha kiyA aura mallikArjuna ko parAsta kiyA hai / dakSiNa dizA ko jIta liyA gayA hai / pazcima kA sindhu deza Apake adhIna ho gayA hai| yavana nareza ne Apake bhaya se tAmbUla kA sevana tyAga diyA hai| vArANaso, magadha, gaur3a, kAnyakubja, cedi, mathurA aura dillI Adi nareza Apake vazavartI ho gaye haiN|" ___ ina kriyAoM ke anantara rAjA zayana karane calA jAtA hai / sokara uThane para paramArtha kI cintA karatA hai| AThaveM sarga meM zrutadevI ke upadeza kA varNana hai| isameM mAgadhI paizAcI, cUlikA paizAcI aura apabhraMza ke udAharaNa Aye haiN| isa sarga meM AcAra sambandhI niyamoM ke sAtha unakI mahattA evam unake pAlana karane kA phala bhI pratipAdita hai| AlocanA isa mahAkAvya kI kathA-vastu eka dina kI pratIta hotI hai| yadyapi kavi ne kathA ko vistRta karane ke lie RtuoM tathA una RtuoM meM sampanna hone vAlI krIr3AoM kA vyApaka citraNa kiyA hai, to bhI kathA kA AyAma mahAkAvya kI kathA-vastu ke yogya bana nahIM sakA hai| vijJapti nivedana meM digvijaya kA citraNa A gayA hai / para yaha bhI kathA-pravAha meM sAdhaka nahIM hai| kathA kI gati vartulAkAra-sI pratIta hotI hai| aura, digvijaya kA citraNa usa gati meM mAtra bulabulA banakara raha gayA hai| ataH saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa mahAkAvya kI kathA-vastu kA AyAma bahuta choTA hai| eka ahorAtra kI ghaTanAe~ rasa-saMcAra karane kI pUrNa kSamatA nahIM rakhatI hai| nAyaka kA sampUrNa jIvana-caritra samakSa nahIM A pAtA hai| usake jIvana kA utAra-car3hAva pratyakSa nahIM ho pAyA hai| ataH dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke caritra kA sampUrNa udghATana na hone ke kAraNa kathA-vastu meM anekarUpatA kA abhAva hai| avAntara-kathAoM kI yojanA bhI nahIM ho pAyI hai| vijJapti meM nivedita ghaTanAeM nAyaka ke caritra kA aMga banakara bhI usase pRthaka jaisI pratIta hotI haiM / ataeva kathA-vastu meM zaithilya doSa hone ke sAtha kathAnaka kI aparyAptatA nAmaka doSa bhI hai|

Page #65
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha vastu-varNana kI dRSTi se yaha mahAkAvya saphala hai| Rtu-varNana, sandhyA, uSA, prAtaHkAla evam yuddha Adi ke dRzya sajIva haiM / vyAkaraNa ke udAharaNoM ko samAviSTa karane ke kAraNa kRtrimatA avazya hai / para isa kRtrimatA ne kAvya ke saundarya ko apakarSita nahIM kiyA hai| prAkRtika dRzyoM ke manorama citraNa aura praur3ha vyaMjanAoM ne kAvya ko praur3hatA pradAna kI hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki zAstrIya kAvya meM vyAkaraNa ke jaTila niyamoM ke udArahaNa upasthita karane hetu kathAnaka meM sarvAGgapUrNatA kA saniveza honA kaThina ho gayA hai| vastu-vinyAsa meM prabandhAtmaka praur3hatA ADambara yukta udAharaNoM ke kAraNa nahIM Ane pAyI hai| phira bhI kathAnaka meM camatkAra-kamanIyatA kA abhAva nahIM hai / yaha kAvya kalAvAdI hai| isameM zAbdI krIr3A bhI vartamAna hai / sundara-sundara varNanoM kI yojanA kara kavi ne ukta kathA-vastu meM alaGkAra-vaicitrya-aura kalpanA-zakti ke mizraNa dvArA camatkRta karane kI saphala yojanA kI hai| kavi hemacandra kI aneka uktiyoM meM svAbhAvikatA, vyaMgya tathA pANDitya bharA huA hai| kumArapAla kI dinacaryA pAThakoM ko susaMskRta jIvana banAne ke lie preraNA detI hai| jinendravandana evam anya dhArmika kAryoM meM rAjA kA pratidina bhAga lenA varNita hai| isa kAvya meM kevala rAjA ke vilAsI jIvana kA hI varNana nahIM hai, apitu usake karmaTha evam nitya-kArya karane meM apramAdI jIvana kA citraNa hai| nAyaka kA caritra udAtta aura bhavya hai| usake mahanIya kAryoM kA saTIka varNana kiyA gayA hai| triSaSThizalAkA puruSacaritam __ jaina-kavi dharmabhAvanA ko kAvya ke mAdhyama se vyakta karanA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| isIliye jaina-saMskRti ke kAvya-granthoM meM bhI dhArmika bhAvanA kA vizeSa prabhAva rahatA hai| jaina dharma meM prAcIna paurANika paramparA kA abhAva-sA thaa| isI abhAva kI pUrti ke lie bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hemacandra dvArA triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita nAmaka purANa kAvya kI racanA kI gyii| yaha grantha gujarAta nareza kumArapAla kI prArthanA se likhA gayA thA, aura I0 sa0 1160-72 ke bIca pUrNa huaa| isameM 10 parva haiM, jinameM 24 tIrthaGkarAdi 63 mahApuruSoM kA carita varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kA viSaya-krama nimnAnusAra hai parva 1- AdinAtha caritra-bharatacakravartI-do mahApuruSoM ke carita isameM haiN| parva 2- ajitanAtha caritra-sagara cakravartI-ina do mahApuruSoM ke carita isameM haiN|

Page #66
___ AcArya hemacandra parva 3- sambhavanAtha se lekara zItalAnAtha taka 8 tIrthaGkaroM ke carita isameM vaNita haiN| parva 4- zreyAMsanAtha jI se dharmanAtha jI taka 5 tIrthaGa karoM, 5 vAsudeva, 5 bala deva, 5 prativAsudevoM, aura cakravartI maghavA va sanatkumAra kula 22 mahApuruSoM ke carita isameM varNita hai| parva 5- zAntinAtha jI kA carita 1 bhava meM tIrthaGakara aura cakravartI do padavI vAlA hone se do carita gine gaye haiN| parva 6- kunthunAtha jI se muni suvratasvAmI taka 4 tIrthaGkaroM kA, 4 cakravatiyoM kA, 2 vAsudeva, 2 baladeva, 2prativAsudeva milakara 14 mahApuruSoM ke carita isameM varNita haiN| isameM bhI 4 cakravartI meM kunthunAtha jI aura arinAtha jI usI bhava meM cakravartI bhI hue the, ataH unheM bhI sammi lita kiyA gayA hai| parva 7- niminAtha carita tathA 10, 11 veM cakravartI, 8 veM vAsudeva, baladeva, prativAsudeva, arthAta rAma, lakSmaNa evaM rAvaNa kA carita, kula 6 mahApuruSoM kA carita isameM varNita hai| isa parva meM bar3A bhAga rAmacandrAdi ke carita kA hone se ise jaina rAmAyaNa kahate haiN| parva 8- neminAtha jI tathA 6 veM vAsudeva, baladeva, prativAsudeva arthAt kRSNa, balabhadra tathA jarAsandha ko milAkara 4 mahApuruSoM ke carita isameM haiM / pANDava neminAtha jI ke samakAlIna hone the ata: unake carita bhI isa parva meM samAviSTa haiN| parva 8- pArzvanAtha jI tathA brahmadatta nAma ke 12 veM cakravartI ko milAkara do mahApuruSoM ke caritoM kA varNana isameM hai| parva 10- isameM zrI mahAvIrasvAmI kA carita hai; kintu prasaGgopAtta zreNika (bimbasAra yA bhimbasAra) abhayakumAra, Adi aneka mahApuruSoM ke adhika vistAra pUrvaka carita isameM likhe gaye haiM / yaha parva saba paryo kI apekSA bar3A hai aura vIra bhagavAna kA carita itane vistAra se dUsare granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra 10 paryoM meM kula milA kara 63 zalAkA mahApuruSoM kA carita isameM sammilita kiye gaye haiN| sAdhAraNa jAnakArI ke liye 63 mahApuruSoM ke nAma diye jAte haiMtIrthaGkara 24- 1. RSabha, 2. ajita, 3. zambhava, 4. abhinandana 5. sumati, 6 padmaprabha, 7. supAva, 8. candraprabha, 6. suvidhi,

Page #67
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha 10 zItala, 11 zreyAMsa, 12. vAsupUjya, 13 vimala, 14.anantajit, 15. dharma, 16. zAnti, 17. kunthu, 18. ara, 16. malli, 20. munisuvrata, 21. nami (nimi), 22. nemi, 23. pArzva (nAtha) aura 24. vIra / cakravartI 12- 1. bharata, 2. sagara, 3. madhavA, 4. sanatkumAra, 5. zAnti, 6. kunthu, 7. ara, 8. subhUmaH, 6. padma, 10. hariSeNa, 11. jaya aura 12. brahmadatta / vAsudeva 6- 1. tripRSTa, 2. dvipRSTa, 3. svayambhU, 4. puruSottama, 5. puruSa siMha, 6. puruSapuNDarIka, 7. datta, 8. nArAyaNa aura 6. kRssnn| baladeva 6- 1. acala, 2. vijaya, 3. bhadra, 4. suprabha, 5. sudarzana, 6. Ananda, 7. nandana, 8. padma aura 6. rAma / prativAsudeva 6- 1. azvagrIva, 2. tAraka, 3. meraka, 4. madhu, 5. nizumbha, 6. bali, 7. prahlAda, 8. lakeza (rAvaNa) aura 6. magadhezvara (jraasndh)| "triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita" 32000 zloka pramANa purANa hai / isameM trailokya kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| isameM paraloka, Izvara, AtmA, karma, dharma, sRSTi Adi viSayoM kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA bhI vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| itihAsa, kathA evaM paurANika tathyoM kA yatheSTa samAveza kiyA gayA hai / sRSTi, vinAza, punanirmANa, devatAoM kI vaMzAvalI, manuSyoM ke yugoM, rAjAoM kI vaMzAvali kA varNana Adi purANoM ke sabhI lakSaNa pUrNarUpeNa isa mahad grantha meM pAye jAte haiN| ___"sthAvirAvalicarita" athavA 'pariziSTaparvan' yaha 'triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita' kA hI eka pariziSTa hai| DA0 harmana jekobI ne ise sampAdita kara 1883 I0 meM kalakattA se prakAzita kiyaa| isameM kula 13 sarga tathA 3420 zloka haiM / viSayAnukramaNikA nimna prakAra haisarga 1 zlo0 saM0 474 : jambUsvAmI pUrvabhava varNana / , 2 ., , 745 : jambUsvAmI vivAha, kuberadatta kathA, mahezvara dattakathA karSaka kathA, vAnara-vAnarI kathA, nUpura paNDitA, zRgAla kathA, vidya nmAlika kathA, zaMkhadharma kathA, zilAjatu vAnara kthaa| sarga 3 zlo0 saM0 262 : siddhibuddhi kathA, jAtyazvakizora kathA, grAma kUTaMsuta

Page #68
56 AcArya hemacandra kathA, sollaka kathA, zakuni kathA, citra suhRda kathA, vipra duhita nAga zrI kathA, lalitAGga kathA, sapari vAra jambU pravrajyA prabhava, pravrajyA varNana / sarga 4 zlo0 saM0 61 : jambUsvAmI kA mhaanirvaann| " 5 , , 107 : prabhavadevatvazayayambhava carita varNana / , 6 , , 252 : yazobhadra, devIbhAva, bhadrabAhU ziSya catuSTayavRttAnta, annikA putra kathA, pATalIputra praveza, udayitAraka kathA, nandarAjya lAbha kIrtana / sarga 7 zlo0 saM0 138 : kAlpakAmAtya sNkiirtn| ,, , , 466 : zakaTAramaraNa-sthUlabhadradIkSAvatacaryA, sambhUta vijaya svargagamana, cANakya-candragupta kathA, bindusAra-janma, raajy-vrnnn| sarga 6 zlo0 saM0 113 : bindusAra-azoka, zrI kuNAla kathA, samprati-janma, rAjya-prApti sthUlabhadrapUrvagrahaNa, zrI bhadrabAhU, svarga gamana varNana / sarga 10 zlo0 saM0 40 : Arya mahAgiri, Aryasuhasti, dIkSA, sthUlabhadra svarga-gamana / sarga 11 zlo0 saM0 178 : sampratirAja caritra, Arya mahAgiri, svarga gamana, avanti sukumAra nalinI gulmagamana, Arya suha sti svarga-gamana varNana / sarga 12 zlo0 saM0 388 : vajrasvAmI janmavrata prabhAva varNana / sarga 13 zlo0 saM0 203 : AryarakSita vrata grahaNa pUrvArdhAgama, vajrasvAmI svarga gamana, tadvazavistAra varNana / bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa kI gaveSaNA meM 'pariziSTa parva bahuta upayogI hai| pro0 jaikobI ne 'sthavirAvali carita' sahita 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita' ko rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata kI zailI meM race gaye eka jaina mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha grantha purANa aura kAvya-kalA donoM hI dRSTiyoM se uttama hai| isa vizAla grantha kA kathA-zilpa mahAbhArata kI taraha hai / AcArya hemacandra ne apane isa grantha ko mahAkAvya kahA hai| usakI saMvAda-zailI, usake loka tatvoM aura usakI avAntara kathAoM kA samAveza isa grantha ko paurAgika 1- DaoN. jekobI-sthavirAvalicarita-inTroDakzana pR. 24; aiziyATika sosAyaTI, kalakattA; 1883 /

Page #69
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha zailI ke mahAkAvyoM kI koTi meM le jAtA hai / isa purANa-kAvya kA saptam bhAga jaina rAmAyaNa kahalAtA hai ; kyoMki isameM rAma-kathA varNita hai jisameM prAkRta 'paumariyama' tathA saMskRta 'padma purANa' kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai / hemacandra kevala kisI eka paramparA ke vyakti nahIM the balki eka mahAn zilpI bhI the| unake isa rUpAntara meM kucha mahatvapUrNa saMzodhana, vizeSakara caritra-citraNa meM, haiM / isameM rAma na to avatAra svarUpa mAne gaye haiM, aura na rAvaNa khala-nAyaka / bharata kI mAtA kaikeyI kA zobhanIya varNana hai| jaba bharata rAjyagaddI chor3a dete haiM to vaha pazcAtApa karatI hai aura rAma kI khoja meM bharata kA sAtha detI hai| vaha azrumizrita cumbanoM dvArA rAma ko abhibhUta kara detI hai aura unase vApisa lauTane kA Agraha karatI hai / rAvaNa ke caritra ko bhI ubhAra kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yaha mahAkAvya sudIrgha hone ke kAraNa AyAsakara pratIta hotA hai| kintu isakI bhASA jaTila na hokara, sarala hai| 10 parva meM mahAvIra tIrthaGkara kA jIvana-caritra varNita hai jo svataMtra pratiyoM ke rUpa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / isameM sAmAnyataH AcArAMga va kalpasUtra meM varNita vRttAnta samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / hA~, mUla ghaTanAoM kA vistAra va kAvyatva hemacandra kA apanA hai| yahA~ mahAvIra ke mukha se vIra nirvANa se 1666 varSa pazcAta hone vAle Adarza nareza kumArapAla ke sambandha kI bhaviSyavANI karAyI gayI hai / isameM rAjA zreNika, yuvarAja abhaya, evam rohiNeya cora Adi kI aneka kathAe~ bhI AyA haiM / mahAvIra ke jIvana-caritra varNana meM bahutakucha saMyata aitihAsika dRSTi pAyI jAtI hai| isase hameM hemacandra ke sambandha meM bhI kucha nizcit jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| isI parva meM aneka racanAoM kI kathAnaka sambandhI purAkathAe~ tIrtha-sthAnoM ke viSaya meM haiN| jaina dharma ke vibhinna dharmAcAryoM ke vigata avatAroM ke samAveza se kathAnaka aura bhI vRhat ho gayA hai| sAmAnya kathAnakoM ko bahudhA AlaGkArika tathA vistRta rUpa pradAna kiyA jAtA hai / isameM aneka dharma nirapekSa nidarzana bhI prastuta kiye gaye haiN| samaya-samaya para hama nATakIya sambhAvanAoM se paripUrNa marmasparzI kathAoM kA vivaraNa pAte haiM / dIkSA lene ke bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa eka hI vastra thaa| rAjakumAra hone ke kAraNa vaha vastra atyanta mUlyavAna thA / eka garIba brAhmaNa ne unheM rAjaputra samajhakara yAcanA kii| mahAvIra ne kahA "maiMne aba saba kucha chor3a diyA hai| dene ke liye mere pAsa kucha bhI nahIM hai| vastra kA AdhA bhAga maiM tumheM detA huuN|" brAhmaNa ne

Page #70
58 - AcArya hemacandra vaha AdhA vastra lekara use sudhArane ke lie kArogara ke pAsa diyaa| kArIgara ne kahA isakA dUsarA Tukar3A yadi lAoge to isakI kImata bddh'egii| vaha brAhmaNa mahAvIra ke pIche-pIche dhUmane lgaa| mahAvIra kA AdhA vastra kisI per3a meM ulajha gayA, brAhmaNa ne use nikAlakara le liyaa| mahAvIra ne usa dina se phira kabhI bhI vastra hI dhAraNa nahIM kiyaa| ___ isI prakAra eka dUsarI kathA hai| varSARtu meM bhagavAna mahAvIra eka kUlapati ke Azrama meM rahe / kulapati ne unake lie eka ghAsa kI jhoMpar3I banA dii| samIpa ke gA~va se gAyeM AyIM / unhoMne usa kuTI kA tRNa bhakSaNa kiyaa| mahAvIra ne kuTiyA kI rakSA na karate hue gAyoM ko usI prakAra khAne diyaa| Azrama-vAsiyoM ne isake lie mahAvIra ko hI doSa diyaa| mahAvIra ne Azrama chor3a diyA / isa prakAra vairAgya, dhairya, dIrghadarzitA, kSamA ityAdi guNoM kA Adarza batalAne vAlI aneka kathAe~ mahAvIra-carita meM haiN| isa grantha kA antima bhAga pariziSTaparva yathArthataH eka svatantra hI racanA hai aura vaha aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3I mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM mahAvIra ke pazcAt unake kevalI ziSyoM tathA dazapUrvI AcAryoM kI paramparA pAyI jAtI hai| isa bhAga ko sthavirAvali carita bhI kahate haiM / yaha kevala AcAryoM kI nAmAvalI mAtra nahIM hai, kintu yahA~ unase sambaddha nAnA lambI-lambI kathAe~ bhI kahI gayI haiM, jo unase pUrva AgamoM kI niyukti, bhASya, cUNi Adi TIkAoM se aura kucha sambhavataH maukhika paramparA se saMkalita kI gayI haiN| inameM sthUlabhadra aura kozA vezyA kA upAkhyAna, kuverasenA nAmaka gaNikA ke kuveradatta aura kuveradattA nAmaka putra-putriyoM meM paraspara prema kI kathA, Arya svayambhava dvArA apane putra manaka ke lie dazavakAlika sUtra kI racanA kA vRttAnta tathA Agama ke saMkalana se sambandha rakhane bAle upAkhyAna, nanda rAjavaMza sambandhI kathAnaka, evam cANakya aura candragupta dvArA usa rAjavaMza ke mUloccheda kA vRttAnta Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai / grantha-kartA ne apane isa purANa ko mahAkAvya kahA hai| yadyapi racanA kA bahubhAga kathAtmaka hai aura purANoM kI svAbhAvika sarala zailI kA anusaraNa karatA hai, tathApi usameM aneka sthaloM para rasa-bhAva va alaGkAroM kA aisA samAveza hai, jisase isakA mahAkAvya-pada bhI pramANita hotA hai / DA. e0 vI0 kItha ke anusAra isameM varNita kathAe~ paurANika upAkhyAnoM ke DhaMga kI na hokara vizeSa rUpa se sAdhAraNa loka-kathA ke prakAra kI haiN| ye purAkathAe~ zailI aura kahAvatoM meM dhArmika sAhitya kI kRti ke nikaTa pahu~cane kI pravRtti

Page #71
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha pradarzita karatI hai| sthUlabhadra kI kathA isa prakAra kA eka dRSTAnta hai| tona bhikSuoM ne apane AcArya ke sammukha vrata dhAraNa kiyaa| prathama ne kahA ki vaha sampUrNa varSAkAla meM eka siMha kI guhA ke sammukha baittheNge| dUsare ne kahA ki isa avadhi meM eka aise sarpa kI bA~bI ke sammukha AvAsa grahaNa kareMge jisakA darzana mAtra hI prANaghAtaka hotA hai| tRtIya ne kahA ki sampUrNa varSARtu meM vaha eka jala-cakra para baiThege / taba bhikSu sthUlabhadra Aye; unhoMne yaha jAna liyA ki mana kA niyaMtraNa zarIra ke saMyama kI apekSA kahIM duSkara hai / bhikSu hone ke pUrva vaha eka vezyA kozA ke premI raha cuke the| aba vaha yaha ghoSita karate haiM ki cAra mAsa taka vaha usake ghara meM brahmacarya kI apanI pratijJA khaNDita kiye binA hI nivAsa kareMge / vaha isa kArya meM kevala saphala hI nahIM hote, balki kozA ke hRdaya meM bhI parivartana le Ate haiM / AcArya unakA jayaghoSa karate haiM / isake atirikta jainalokAcAra jAnane ke lie yaha upayukta gnantha hai| bahuta-sI jaina-prathAoM kA udgama isameM dekhane ko milatA hai / vItarAgastotram- yaha eka bhaktistotra hai| AcArya hemacandra ko bhakta kA hRdaya milA thA, arhantastotra, mahAvIra stotra evam mahAdeva stotra isake pramANa haiN| vItarAgastotra meM 186 padya haiN| kula 20 stavoM meM inakA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai / adhikAMza stavoM meM 8-8 zloka haiM / viSaya-vivaraNa isa prakAra hai (1) prastAvanA stava (2) sahajAtizaya varNana stava (3) karmakSaya jAtizaya varNana stava (4) sukRtAtizaya varNana stava (5) pratihAryastava (6)vipakSanirAsa stava (7) jagata kartRtvanirAsa stava (8)ekAnta nirAsa stava (9)kaliprazama stava (10) adbhuta stava (11) acintya mahimA stava (12) vairAgya stava (13) virodha stava (14) yogasiddha stava (15) bhakti stava (16)AtmagardA stava (17) zaraNagamana stava (18) kaThorokti stava (16) ajJAstava aura (20) AzIstava / vItarAga stAtra ke anta meM AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai ki ina stavoM ko 1- Helen-M. Johnson triSaSThizalAkA puruSa caritam Book II vol II & Ill Preface 20-40 G. O. S. 1931 "It is in itself almost a hand book of Jainism for Lexi cographer. It has a largea-mount of new materi al and for the student of folkloreans and the origin of customs, it gives the Jain tradition which is very different from Hindu,"

Page #72
AcArya hemacandra par3hakara kumArapAla cAlukya nareza apane manoratha pUrNa kreN| ata: apane AzrayadAtA evam ziSyasvarUpa kumArapAla ke lie vItarAga stotroM kI unhoMne racanA kI, yaha bAta siddha hai| vItarAga stotra kA ullekha 'moharAja-parAjaya' nAmaka nATaka meM 'vIsa divya gulikA' ke nAma se AyA hai| ___ saMskRta stotra kAvyoM meM 'vItarAga stotra' kA viziSTa sthAna hai / bhakti ke kAraNa yaha bar3A hI madhura kAvya bana par3A hai| kAvyakalA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kAvya zreSTha hai| isameM bhakti ke sAtha jaina-darzana sarvatra vyApta hai / kAma-rAga aura sneha-rAga kA nivAraNa sukara hai; kintu ati pApI dRSTirAga kA ucchedana to paNDita aura sAdhusantoM ke lie bhI duSkara hai / saMkucita sAmpradAyika rAga duSkara hai yaha kahakara AcArya hemacandra ne vyApaka dRSTikoNa apanAne ke lie preraNA dI hai / dRSTidoSa ke kAraNa hI mata-matAntaroM meM saMkIrNatA A jAtI hai| 'vItarAga stotra' meM sarvatra bhakti ke sAtha samanvayAtmakatA evaM vyApaka dRSTikoNa dikhAI detA hai| isI se ve jitanI zraddhA se mahAvIra ko namana karate haiM utanI hI zraddhA se anya devatAoM ko bhI / saMkSepa meM AcArya hemacandra ke bhakti stAtroM meM rasa haiM, Ananda hai aura hRdaya ko ArAdhya meM tallIna karane kI sahaja pravRtti haiM / ataH unakA sthAna stotra sAhitya meM viziSTa hai| 'vItarAga stotra' meM jaina darzana kA kAvyamaya varNana bhI hai| dvAtriMzikA- 'dvAtriMzikAoM' ke racayitA ke rUpa meM AcArya hemacandra bahuta prasiddha haiN| bhakti kI dRSTi se ina stotroMkA jitanA mahatva hai, usase kahIM adhika kAvya kI dRSTi se unakA mahatva hai| ye do laghukAya grantha kAvya kI dRSTi se bahuta sundara haiM / eka kA nAma haiM, 'anyayogavyavacheda' tathA dUsare kA nAma 'ayogavyavacheda dvAtriMzikA' hai| donoM meM yathAnAma 32-32 zloka hai / unhoMne 'anyayogavyavaccheda' meM anya darzanoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| tathA 'ayogavyavaccheda' meM kevala svapakSasiddhi arthAt jaina mata kI puSTi kI hai / DA. Ananda zaMkara dhruva ne unake anyayogavyavaccheda para jo abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai vaha AcArya ke sabhI stotroM para pUrNa rUpa se lAgU hotA hai| unake mata se cintana 1-- kAmarAga sneharAga vISatkara: nivAraNau / dRSTi rAgastu pApIyAn duruchedaH satAmapi // 1 // ... 2-- yo vizvaM veda vidya.............."buddha vA vardhamAnaM zatadalanilayaM kezavaM vAzivaM vA, ___ alokarya sakalaM................"sa mahAdevo mayA vandyate //

Page #73
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha aura bhakti kA itanA sundara samanvaya isa kAvya meM huA hai ki yaha darzana tathA kAvya kalA donoM hI dRSTi se utkRSTa kahA jA sakatA hai / anyayogavyavaccheda dvAtrizikA- isameM mukhyataH parapakSadUSaNa hI bata ye gaye haiN| prathama tIna zlokoM meM kevala jJAnI bhagavAn kI stuti karake unake 4 atizaya batalAye haiM- (1) jJAnAtizaya (2) apAyAgamAtizaya (3) vacanAtizaya aura (4) pUjAtizaya / isameM jJAna ke sAtha caritra kA bhI mahatva batalAyA gayA hai| "samyagdarzana jJAna cAritrANi mokSamArgaH" batalAkara AcArya ne yathArthavAda ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| jaina darzana ananta rUpoM se satya kA darzana karAtA huA yathArthavAda para pratiSThita hai / isake zloka 4 se 6 taka vaizeSika darzana kI AlocanA kI gaI hai| sAmAnya vizeSa kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kara eka hI satya ke bhinna-bhinna asvathA svarUpa batAye haiM / isa jagata kA koI kartA hai, vaha eka hai, sarvavyApI hai, svatantra hai, nitya hai-jina naiyAyiko kI isa prakAra kI durAgraharUpI viDambanAe haiM, he jinendra ! tuma unake upadezaka nahIM ho / nitya-anitya syAd vAda ke hI rUpa haiN| isa prakAra hemacandra ke mata se vaizeSika darzana meM bhI anekAntavAda sthita hai| citrarUpa bhI eka rUpa kA hI prakAra hai / Izvara zAsaka bhale hI ho sakatA hai, kintu nirmAtA nhiiN| hemacandra ne samavAyavatti kI AlocanA kI aura sattA, caitanya evaM Atman kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai / unhoMne vibhutva kI bhI AlocanA kI hai| unake anusAra AtmA sAvayava aura pariNAmI hai, vaha samaya para badalatI rahatI hai / 10 veM zloka meM nyAya darzana kI AlocanA hai, zloka 11 tathA 12 meM pUrva mImAMsA kI kar3I AlocanA hai / karmakANDa ke __"The former (anyayogavyavaccheda) is a genuine devotional lyric, pulsating with reverence for the Master and is at the same time a revient of some of the tenets of the rival schools on which the Jaina sees reason to differ. Devotion and thought are happiy blended together in one whole and are expressed in such noble and dignified language that it deserves to rank as a piece of Literature no less than that of philosophy." P. C. XX IV FATCAT - maJjarI TIkA of anyayAgavyavaccheda Published by Bombay Sanskrit and Prakrit Series No XXXIII in 1933 edited by Ananda zaMkara dhruva /

Page #74
...... AcArya hemacandra antargata hiMsA kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usakI tIvra AlocanA hai| 'hiMsAcet dharma hetu katham ? dharmahetuzceda, hiMsAkatham ? svaputraghAtAt nRpatitvalipsA !" TIkAkAra mallisena tyaMgya se kahate haiM 'yadi hiMsA hai, to dharma hetu kaisA; tathA dharma hetu hai, to hiMsA kaisI ? kyA apane putra kI hatyA karake koI nRpatva cAhegA ? usI prakAra a pauruSeyavAda kA bhI unhoMne khaNDana kiyA hai / zloka 13-14 meM vedAnta ko AlocanA kI gayI hai / yadi mAyA hai, to dvaitasiddhi arthAt mAyA aura brahma donoM kI sattA siddha hai / yadi mAyA kA astitva hI nahIM hai, to prapaJca kaisA ? mAtA bhI hai aura vandhyA bhI hai, yaha asambhava hai| zloka 15 meM sAMkhyadarzana kA khaNDana hai| cetana-tatva aura jar3a-prakRti kA saMyoga yadRcchA se kaise sambhava hai ? zloka 16, 17 18 aura 16 meM hemacandra ne bauddha-darzana kI AlocanA kI hai / bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAd kI AlocanA karate hue AcArya jI kahate haiM ki (1) kiye gaye karma kA nAza, (2) nahIM kiye hue karma kA phala, (3) saMsAra kA vinAza, (4) mokSa kA vinAza, (5) smaraNa-zakti kA bhaMga ho jAnA ityAdi doSoM kI upekSA karake jo kSaNikavAda mAnane kI icchA karatA hai vaha vipakSI bar3A sAhasI honA cAhie / zloka 20 meM pratyakSa pramANavAdI cArvAka kI AlocanA kI gayI hai / 'binA anumAna ke hama sAMprata-kAla meM bhI bola nahIM sakate' / zloka 21 se 30 taka meM hemacandra jI ne jana darzana ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| usameM vizeSataH satya kA aneka vidhasvarUpa, utpAda, vyaya, dhauvya, saptabhaMgI, syAdvAda, nayavAda, AtmAoM ko anekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| anta meM jaina darzana ke vyApakatva ke viSaya meM batalAte hue hemacandra kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra dUsare darzanoM ke siddhAnta eka dUsare ko pakSa va pratipakSa banAne ke kAraNa matsara se bhare hue haiM, usa prakAra arhana muni kA siddhAnta nahIM hai| kyoMki yaha sAre nayoM ko binA bheda-bhAva ke grahaNa kara letA hai / zloka 31 tathA 32 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti kara upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai| ayogavyavaccheda dvAtrizikA - isameM prAmukhya se svamatamaNDana arthAt jaina mata pratiSThApana kiyA gayA hai / prArambha meM ve bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti prastuta karate haiM / tatpazcAt atyanta sarala evam sarasa zabdoM meM jaina dharma ke guNa gAye haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati bhakti prakaTa karate hue bhI jaina dharma kA svarUpa saMkSepa tathA prAsAdika bhASA meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| isameM vivecanA kA svarUpa nitAnta vidhAyaka hai| saMsAra meM Ane kA kAraNa Astrava hai aura mokSa kA kAraNa

Page #75
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha hai-saMvara / jainoM ke siddhAnta kA yahI sAra hai| zeSa saba bAteM isI kA vistAra mAtra haiM / anekAnta mAnane ke kAraNa koI bhI virodha unake lie asiddha hai| hemacandra kI kAvya pravRttiyA~-hemacandra ke kAvya kA antaraMga-pakSa-rasa-pAvAdibhAvapakSa mahAkavi kA samaya eka ora to yuddha kA thA, jaba senA ke bala rAjapUta navIna rAjyoM kI sthApanA karate the; dUsarI ora vaha kAla vilAsitA kA evam dharma-pracAra kA bhI thaa| isaliye dvayAzraya kAvya meM eka ora vIratA kI bhAvanA vyApta hai to dUsarI ora dharma-pracAra kI bhAvanA; tathA tIsarI ora unakI kavitA zRGgAra ke apUrva Ananda kI upalabdhi karAtI hai / pAThaka bhAvavibhora ho jAte haiM / kavi ke kahane meM rasa hai, ata: vaha pAThaka ke hRdaya ke bhAva ko ubuddha karake sAdhAraNIkaraNa dvArA rasa kA AsvAdana karA rahA hai / dvayAzraya kAvya kA mukhya rasa vIra hai, zRgAra nhiiN| isameM nAyaka siddharAja kI yuddha-vIratA kA bahuta hI vizuddha varNana kiyA hai| unake varNana vyaktiyoM meM navajIvana kA saJcAra karAte haiM / kavi ke caritanAyaka hindU-saMskRti ke rakSaka evam duSToM ke saMhAraka haiM / vIra rasa ke sahayogI raudra rasa aura bhayAnaka rasa kA bhI yathA sthAna samAveza ho gayA hai| _ zRGagAra kA honA yuga kA prabhAva hai aisA kahanA cAhie / mahAkAvya meM yuddha aura yAtrA varNanoM ke sAtha-sAtha Rtu-varNana,vana-vihAra, jala-vihAra, Adi kI bhI parigaNanA kara dI gayI hai / vIra aura zRGagAra kA apUrva mizraNa dvayAzraya kAvya meM hai| bhakti kA bhI yoga hai| zRGagAra ke varNana meM hemacandra jaise pahu~ce hue zRGagArI bhI dikhAyI dete haiM / bhakti-pradhAnatA kavi kI apanI cIja hai| racanA meM alaGakAramayatA ke hote hue bhI bhAva kI pradhAnatA hai| sabhI varNanoM meM kavi kI apanI anubhUtiyA~ bola rahI haiN| kalpanA kI ur3Ana aura anubhUti kI gahanata / kavi ko apanI hai|bhaassaa bhI kavi kI apanI hai-unakA usa para adhikAra hai / navIna zabdoM kI prasaGagAnusAra racanA kA usameM bAhulya hai, phira pada-yojanA kA sauSva bhI unakA apanA hai| ____ mahAkavi jisa zailI ke pravartaka the usameM prAyaH rasa, bhAva, alaGakAra bahujatA Adi sabhI bAteM vidyamAna thiiN| azvaghoSa aura kAlidAsa kI sahaja evam sarala zailI jaisI zailI unakI nahIM thI; kintu unakI kavitAoM meM hRdaya aura mastiSka kA apUrva mizra ga thaa| hemacandra kA kathAnaka zizupAla-vadha jaisA 1-dvayAzraya-sarga 8; zloka 61 2 -dayAzraya-sarga 11; zloka 47

Page #76
64 AcArya hemacandra kathAnaka nahIM, kAlidAsa ke kathAnaka ke samAna vizAla kathAnaka kA unake kAvya meM samAveza hai| kaI jagaha prasaGagoM kI udbhAvanA bar3I sundara huyI hai| anUThe dRSyoM kI saMracanA kI gayI hai / pAThaka ina dRSyoM, prasaGagoM athavA bhAvoM meM apane Apako bhUla jAtA hai / madhyayuga ke kAvya kI samasta vizeSatAe~ inake mahAkAvya meM vidyamAna haiM / varNana-cAturya, bhAva-gAmbhIrya komalapadanyAsa, kliSTa padopanyAsa, advitIya zabda-bandha Adi isa mahAkAvya meM vidyamAna haiN| inake kAvyoM meM prakRti-varNana pracuramAtrA meM huA hai| prakRti ke eka se eka sundara citra vahAM hai / hRdaya ke sUkSmAtisUkSma antaraGga bhAvoM ko unake sacce raGgarUpa meM dikhAnA pratyeka kavi ke lie sambhava nahIM hai| "nArikelaphalasannimaM vaco bhArave:' isa prakAra kI ukti paNDitoM ne mahAkavi bhAravi ke sambandha meM kahI hai / vaha hemacandra ke kAvya para zata-pratizata lAgU hotI hai| paNDita-zailI ko apanAne ke kAraNa tathA zAstra-kAvya ke racayitA hone ke kAraNa bAhyataH unakA kAvya kliSTa pratIta hotA hai, kintu jisa prakAra nAriyala ke Upara kA kaThora chilakA nikAlane ke bAda madhura rasa kA AsvAdana hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra hemacandra ke kAvya ke antara bhAga meMbhAvaprAnta meM praveza karate hI . "nAnAvidhAni divyAni, nAnAvarNAkRtInica" isa gItoktiH ke anusAra vividha sRSTi kA darzana hotA hai evam vividha rasoM kA AsvAdana hotA hai| rasa-pakSa meM hemacandra bharata ke rasa-sampradAya ke hI anuyAyo evam abhinavaguptapAdAcArya ke pada cinhoM para hI calate pratIta hote haiN| ata: unake kAvya meM zAstra pakSa tathA sampradAya-pakSa prabala hone para bhI bhAva-pakSa bilakula hI azakta nahIM haiM / kAvya-kalA kA sundara darzana hemacandva ke kAvya meM hotA hai| ata: vidvat ziromaNi AcArya hemacandra saMskRta sAhitya ke eka suprasiddha . mahAkavi haiN| inakI racanA-zailI atyanta manohara aura artha-gaurava se pUrNa hai isase zreSTha kaviyoM kI gaNanA meM inakA pramukha sthAna hai| inakA kAvya 'oja, prasAda, mAdhurya, Adi kAvyaguNoM se maNDita hai / udAharaNArtha-12 veM sarga meM barbara rAkSasoM ke sAtha jaryAsaha ne yuddha kiyA, usa samaya inakI kavitA ojoguNamaNDitA ho jAtI hai / prasAda guNa to yatra-tatra-sarvatra bikharA milatA hai| mAdhAraNa saMskRta jAnane vAlA bhI isa prasAda guNa ke kAraNa rasAsvAdana kara 1-dvayAzraya-sarga 12 zloka 47

Page #77
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha sakatA hai| yaha prasAda guNa unake bhakti kAvya meM sarvatra vyApta hai / jo manuSya mahAvIra ke pavitra zAsana meM avizvAsa rakhatA hai vaha mAno pathya, kalyANakArI bhojana meM hI zaMkA karatA hai / "saMzayAtmA vinazyati" gItokti kI dhvani yahA~ milatI hai| unake stotra kAvyoM meM jahA~ bhakti hai, vahA~ mAdhurya bhI hai / saMsAra meM vinAza evam nirmANa cala hI rahA hai / kintu bhagavan jinendra meM vizvAsa rakhane se hI bhavakSaya ho sakatA hai| dvayAzraya ke 13 veM sarga meM bhI mAdhurya kI kamI nahIM hai| jisa prakAra mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza meM eka hI rAjA kA varNana na hote hue pUre raghuvaMza kA vistRta varNana hai usI prakAra dvayAzraya kAvya meM mUlarAja cAlukya nareza se Arambha kara kumArapAla ke vaMza taka aneka rAjAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / sambhava hai ki 'dvayAzraya' likhane ke samaya kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza kA Adarza unake sAmane rahA ho| jisa prakAra raghuvaMza meM dilIpa, raghu, aja, dazaratha, rAma ityAdi pAtroM meM caritra kA uttarottara vikAsa batalAyA hai, usI prakAra yahA~ bhI mUlarAja, cAmuNDarAja, durlabharAja, bhIma, karNa jayasiMha, kumArapAla Adi pAtroM meM caritra kA uttarottara udAtta vikAsa batalAyA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM sUryacandra vaMza kA gaurava cAlukya vaMziyoM ko milA / gurjara-bhUmi hemacandra ke lekhana meM eka bar3A rASTra bana gyii| pATana ayodhyA kI zobhA ko pAra kara gyaa| mayaNallA devI ke rUpa meM bhAratIya pativratA nArI kA darzana hotA hai / saptama sarga meM hI rAja-vaibhava kA varNana karate hue vyAkaraNa ke dRz (pazya) ghAtu ke vartamAna kAla ke bhinna-bhinna rUpa batalAye haiN| isa rAjA ke dvAra meM maoNDalika rAjAoM ke samUha sevA ke lie ahamahamikA se spardhA karane lge|" yaha rAjA sadaiva paropakAra ke kAryoM meM hI lagA rahatA thaa| . AcArya hemacandra ke prAkRtika varNana bahuta camatkAra janaka haiM / Apane prakRti kI pUrI naisargikatA kA pradarzana karane ke lie apane varNanoM meM prAkRtika vastuoM kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha-saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya meM hI 1- dvayAzraya-sarga 12; zloka 54 tathA mahAvIra stotra-ayogavyavaccheda, kAvyamAlA; 2- dvayAzraya-sarga 12; zloka 16 / 3- dvayAzraya-sarga 13; zloka 102 tathA sarya 7 ; zloka 106 aura 6 tathA 7 4- dvayAzraya-sarga 3 zloka 5

Page #78
66 AcArya hemacandra tIsare saga~ meM zaradkAla kA varNana par3hate hue 'bhAravi' ke kirAtArjunIyam kI yAda Aye binA nahIM rahatI / dUsare sarga meM prabhAta kAla kA sundara varNana hai / supakvadhAna ko dekhakara rakSA karane vAlI gopikAe~ itanI pramudita ho jAtI haiM ki ve dinabhara gAnA gAkara vyatIta karatI haiM / unheM kheda kSaNabhara bhI nahIM hotA / prAtaH kAla meM rAjA ne sUrya kA anukaraNa kiyA hai athavA sUrya ne rAjA ke pratApa kA anukaraNa kiyA hai, isa sandeha se sUrya kA prakAza manda ho gayA hai / isI prakAra dazam sarga meM bhI varSA Rtu kA sundara varNana hai / pandraha tathA 16 veM sarga meM sabhI RtuoM kA sundara varNana milatA hai / 17 veM sarga meM striyoM kA puSpoccaya, vallabhoM ke sAtha gamana, jala krIr3A Adi kA varNana par3hate samaya mAgha ke 'zizupAla vadha' kI balAt yAda A jAtI hai / vaise hI sarga 15 tathA 7 kA yAtrA varNana tathA prathama sarga kA nagara - varNana, 16 veM kA parvata-varNana bhI mAdha ke 'zizupAla vadha' ke sAtha sAmya rakhatA hai / prArambha meM hI hemacandra ne aNahilapura kA sundara varNana kiyA hai / usa samaya svastika ke samAna sundara makAna banate the / prAkRta dvayAzraya meM nagara ke bAhara prAkAroM kA darpaNa ke sAtha sAdRzya dikhAkara varNana kiyA hai| prAkAroM kA U~cA bhAga sphaTika zilA kA banA thA, mAno svargAGganAoM kA vaha darpaNa thA / triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita ke 10 veM parva ke 12 veM marga meM 36 veM zloka meM aisA hI varNana hai / aNahilapura paTTana kA varNana karate hue kavi vahA~ ke logoM kA unakI manodazA kA caritra kA bhI varNana karate haiM / vahA~ ke paNDita loga vANI meM saMyama karake nirarthaka eka zabda bhI nahIM bolate haiM5 / yahA~ ke vidvAnoM kI vidvatA ko dekhakara saptaRSi bhI bhUloka chor3akara cale gaye / sAtha meM vyAkaraNa ke pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI prayoga hone se kucha kliSTatA avazya A jAtI hai / 17 veM sarga kA zrRMgAra darzanIya hai / 16 veM sarga kA vivAha varNana nala damayanti ke vivAha kA naiSadha kI yAda dilAtA hai / 1 - dvayAzraya sarga 4, zloka 17 2- dvayAzraya sarga 16, zloka 82 dvayAzraya narga 2, zloka 17 4 -- dvayAzraya sarga 16, zloka 12, tathA sarga 15, zloka 41, aura sarga 1 zloka, 4 5 - dvayAzraya sarga 1, zloka & tathA 10 6 - - dvayAzraya sarga 1, zloka 10 7- - dvayAzraya sarga 17, zloka 66

Page #79
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha saMkSepa meM, bhAravi, mAgha aura zrI harSa isa bRhattrayI ne jo kArya saMyukta rUpa le kara dikhAyA vaha akele AcArya hemacandra ne kiyA hai| kAlidAsa kI upamA, bhAravi kA artha-gaurava, daNDin kA pada-lAlitya, mAgha ko varNana nipuNatA tathA naiSadha kI vistRta alaGakRta camatkRta zailI; ye sabhI guNa hemacandra ke kAvya meM pAye jAte haiM / itanA hI nahIM uparyukta sabhI kAvyoM se inake kAvya meM adhika guNa haiM kyoMki uparyukta kAvya na to zAstrIya kAvya haiM aura na purANa / hemacandra ne 'dvayAzraya' meM zAstrakAvya tathA triSaSThizalAkApuruSa carita' purANa likhakara apane sAhitya kartRtva kI paramAvadhi dikhAyI hai / isake sAtha dharma-pracAra kA uddezya bhI saphala huA hai ! isa dharmAcArya ko sAhitya-samrATa kahane meM atyukti nahI hai| yuddha kA varNana karate samaya hemacandra aisI zabdAvalI kA prayoga karate haiM ki pratyakSa A~khoM ke sAmane yuddha hotA-sA pratIta hotA hai, evaM vIra rasa kA sphuraNa ho jAtA hai / mUlarAja kA gRharipu para AkramaNa 'raghudigvijaya' kI barAbarI karatA hai| jahA~ vIra rasa kA utkRSTa AvirbhAva hotA hai, vahIM sAtha meM 6 veM sarga meM kSemarAja dvArA sarasvatI nadI ke pAsa maNDUkezvara puNya kSetra meM tapa karane ke varNana meM zAnta rasa kA rAjya hai / 10veM sarga meM saMtAnarahita karNa-rAja kI saMtAna ke lie lakSmIdevI kI upAsanA hotI hai / tapasyA-bhaMga ke lie pralobhanArtha apsarAoM kA Agamana hotA hai; kintu karNa tapasyA meM sthira rahatA hai / pazcAt eka atyanta bhayAnaka ugra puruSa karNa ko khAne daur3atA hai| phira bhI karNa avicalita rahatA hai| anta meM lakSmI prasanna hotI hai tathA putra hone kA varadAna detI hai / isa varNana meM bhayAnaka tathA adbhuta rasa kA mizraNa huA hai / pahale to bhayAnaka rasa kA AsvAdana hotA hai tathA bAda meM adbhuta rasa anubhava meM AtA hai| 11 veM sarga meM jayasiMha ke bAlya varNana ke samaya vAtsalya rasa kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| 17 veM sarga meM zRgAra kA sAmrAjya phela jAtA hai tathA bAla-brahmacArI, kaTTara dharma-pracAraka evaM sAdhanArata yoganiSTha muni isa prakAra kA uttAna zRMgAra kA varNana karate hai ki dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai| pA~cave sarga meM grahAri ke sAtha yuddha karane ke pazcAt grahAri ke prANa rakSA ke lie usakI patnI jaba A~cala pasAra kara bhIkha mA~gatI hai taba karUNarasa pradarzita hotA hai / 1-- dvayAzraya sarga 11, zloka 76 2-- dvayAzraya sarga 6, zloka 76 se 83 / 3-- saMskRta dvayAkSaya sarga 10, zloka 10

Page #80
AcArya hemacandra kumArapAla carita meM rasa-bhAva yojanA - rasa aura bhAvAbhivyaJjana kI dRSTi se yaha prAkRta kAvya ucca koTi kA hai| zRgAra, zAnta, aura vIra ina rasoM se sambandhita aneka zreSTha padya Aye haiN| eka viTapuruSa Asana para baiThI huI apanI priyA kI A~khe banda kara premikA kA cumbana kara letA hai| kavi hema ne isa sandarbha kA sarasa varNana kiyA hai / jaba usa priyatamA ko usakI dhUrtatA kA bhAbhAsa milA to vaha usase ruSTa ho gyii| ataH vaha usako prasanna karatA huA cATukAritA pUrvaka kahane lagA, priye, jhUThI bAta sunakara krodha mata kara, maiM tumhArA hU~ aura tuma merI ho| bhalA tumhAre atirikta maiM anya kisI se prema kara sakatA huuN| tumheM bhrama ho gayA hai'| isa prakAra cATukArI kI bAteM kara usa vicakSaNa gAyikA ko vaha prasanna karatA hai| dazArNapati ko jItakara kumArapAla kI senA ne usakI nagarI ko lUTakara usakA sArA dhana le liyaa| kavi ne isa yuddha ke isa prasaGaga kA sundara varNana kiyA hai / amathita dugdha ke samAna zveta kIrtidhArI Apake teja aura pratApa kI uSNatA ne dazArNa nRpati ke kIrtirUpI puruSa ko mlAna kara diyA hai / ApakI senA ne samudra manthana ke samAna nagara kA manthana kara suvarNaratnAdi ko lUTa liyA hai| dazArNapati kA nagara samudra ke samAna vizAla thA, isI kAraNa kavi ne rUpaka dvArA maladhi kahA hai| ina padyoM meM kavi ne rUpaka alaGakAra kI yojanA kara vIratA kA varNana kiyA hai| senA davArA dazArNapati ke nagara ko lUTe jAne kA sundara aura sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| __ bhAvoM kI zuddhi para bala detA huA kavi kahatA hai ki gaMgA-jamunA Adi nadiyoM meM snAna karane se zuddhi nahIM ho sktii| zuddhi kA kAraNa bhAva hai / ataH jisakI bhAvanAe~ zuddha haiM, AcAra-vicAra pavitra haiM, vahI mokSa-sukha prApta karatA hai / gaMgA, yamunA, sarasvatI aura narmadA nadiyoM meM snAna karane se yadi zuddhi ho to mahiSa Adi pazu ina nadiyoM meM sadA hI DubakI lagAte rahate haiM, ataH 1-- prAkRta dvayAzraya-sarga 3, zloka 74 tathA 75 gAthA / 2-- prAkRta dvayAkSaya-sarga 6, gAthA 81-82 / aNakaThia-duddha suijasa payAva-dhamamaTTi Ari-jasakusuma / tuha gASThia-vheNA virolio tassa purajala hI // mantriha-dahiNo tuSpavadhurupliA tassa nayarayokaNayaM / ginne hiM tuha seNiehi ata acchiA Ahe // 6-81-82 3- prAkRta dvAyAzraya sarga 8 zloka 8.

Page #81
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha unakI zuddhi bhI ho jAnA caahie| jo loga ajJAnatA pUrvaka ina nadiyoM meM snAna karate haiM aura apane Acara-vicAra ko pavitra nahIM banAte unheM kucha bhI lAbha nahIM ho sktaa| bhAvanAoM aura kriyA-vyApAroM ko pavitra rakhane vAlA vyakti hI mokSa-sukha ko pAtA hai| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne rasa aura bhAvoM kI sundara aura sajIva abhivyaJjanA kI hai| dohaka, manoramA Adi anya mAtrika chandoM kA vyavahAra bhI kiyA gayA hai| sargAnta meM chanda badalA huA hai / vaNika chandoM meM indravajrA kA prayoga aneka sthAnoM para huA hai / zAstrIya dRSTi se isameM mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa ghaTita hote haiM / kathA sarga-baddha aura zAsrIya lakSaNoM ke anusAra ATha sargo meM vibhakta hai / vastu-varNana, saMvAda, bhAvAbhivyaJjana, evaM itivRtta meM santulana dvayAzraya kAvya ke varNana yathArthavAdI evam citrAtmaka haiN| udAharaNAtha bhaNahilapura kA varNana, karNa jaba tapa kara rahe the taba yakAyaka mAnasUna ke Agamana kA varNana, arbudacala kA varNana, sindhu nadI kA varNana ityaadi| Rtu-varNana jala-vihAra varNana bhI anya mahAkAvyoM se adhika yathArthavAdI pratIta hote haiM / yuddha varNana ojo guNa sampanna evam vIra rasa pUrNa hai| mayaNalla devI kI kathA sundara hai| usameM bhAvanAtmaka sparza hai / kama se kama isa bhAga kA varNana karate samaya ve bhUla gaye hoMge ki ve eka mahAn vaiyAkaraNa the| paThana karane kA kutuhala sadaiva banA rahatA hai, prazastiyA~ darabArI kavitva kA sundara namUnA haiM / isa prakAra 'dvayAzraya' kAvya kA pradhAna rasa vIra hai; kintu anya sabhI rasoM kA bhI sundara paripAka huA hai / ' triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita' meM vaidika purANoM ke anusAra hI adbhuta zailI athavA atizayokti zailI ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, ataH atizayokti alaGakAra evam adbhuta rasa sarvatra vidyamAna hai / dharma-prabhAva bhI vyApaka hone ke kAraNa zAntarasa bhI AsvAdya hai / sAdhAraNa logoM meM dharma bhAvanA jAgRta karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka bhI hai| kintu dUsare varNana bhI kama sundara nahIM hai| vizeSataH nagaroM kA varNana bhavya evam tatkAlIna vAstukalA ke anurUpa milatA hai| isa mahApurANa meM dharma-bhAvanA hI kendra bindu kA kAma kara rahI hai| isa kendra-bindu ke AsapAsa aneka kahAniyoM kA vistAra hai| ina kahAniyoM para buddha jAtakoM kA paryAptaprabhAva par3A hai / evam udAttarasa kA paripoSa kara satya, zAnti, kSamA, ahiMsA Adi sadguNoM ko apanAne ke lie ye kahAniyA~ preraNA detA haiM / hemacandra ke kAvyagnantha saduktiyoM ke Akara haiN| sarvatra saduktiyA~ bikharI huI milatI haiN|

Page #82
70 .... - AcArya hemacandra vItarAga stotra tathA dvAtriMzikA kAvya hemacandra ke bhakti kAvya ke namUne haiN| inameM dharma-tatva ke vivecana ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati bhakti kI bhAvanA otaprota hai| ataH ina kAvyoM meM bhakti rasa hai / bhakti yukta antaH karaNa se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM jAne ke lie kahA hai| vItarAga stotroM ko par3hate samaya zivamahimna stotra evam rAmarakSA stotra kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| hemacandra ke bhakti-kAvyoM kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai-unakI shaantiprkrtaa| kutsita paristhitiyoM meM bhI ve zAnta rasa se nahIM htte| unhoMne kabhI bhI oTa meM zRgArika pravRttiyoM ko prazraya nahIM diyaa| bhagavAn pati kI AratI ke lie bhaMgUThoM para bhagavatI patnI kA khar3A honA ThIka hai, kintu sAtha hA pIna stanoM ke kAraNa usake hAtha kI pUjA kI thAlI ke puSpoM kA bikhara jAnA kahA~ taka bhaktiparaka hai ? rAjazekhara sUri ke 'neminAtha phAgu' meM rAjula kA anupama saundarya aGikata hai kintu usake cAroM aura eka aise pavitra vAtAvaraNa kI sImA likhI gayI hai jisase bilAsitA ko sahalana prApta nahIM ho paatii| usake saundarya meM jalana jahIM, zItalatA hai| vaha sundarI hai, para pAvanatA kI mUrti hai / usako dekhakara zraddhA utpanna hotI hai / AcArya hemacandra ke 'pariziSTaparvan' meM kozA ke mAdaka saundarya aura kAmuka vilAsa-ceSTAoM kA citra khIMcA gayA hai| yuvA muni sthUlabhadra ke saMyama ko DigAne ke lie sundarI kozA ne apane vizAla bhavana meM adhikAdhika prayAsa kiyA, kintu kRtakRtya na huI / kavi ko kozA kI mAdakatA nirasta karanA abhISTa thaa| ataH usake ratirUpa aura kAmuka bhAvoM kA bhaGkana ThIka hI huaa| tapa kI dRr3hatA tabhI hai, jaba vaha bar3e se bar3e saundarya ke Age bhI dRr3ha banA rahe / kozA jaganmAtA nahIM, vezyA thii| vezyA bhI aisI vaisI nahIM, pATalIputra kI prasiddha vezyA / yadi AcArya hemacandra usake saundarya ko unmukta bhAva se mUrtimanta na karate to asvAbhAvikatA raha jaatii| usase eka muni kA saMyama balavAna pramANita huA hai| nirguNa aura saguNa brahma kI upAsanA ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI bhaktiyoM se sabhI paricita haiN| kintu nirAkAra AtmA aura vItarAga sAkAra bhagavAna kA svarUpa eka mAnane ke kAraNa donoM meM jaisI ekatA AcArya hemacandra ke kAvya meM sambhava ho sakI hai vaisI anyatra kahIM nhiiN| anyatra donoM ke bIca eka moTI vibhAjaka rekhA par3I hai| inake kAvya meM siddha bhakti ke rUpa meM niSkala brahma aura tIrthaGkara bhakti meM sakala brahma kA kevala vivecana ke lie pRthak nirUpaNa hai, anyathA donoM eka hI haiN|

Page #83
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha 71 AcArya hemacandra kA ArAdhya kevala darzana aura jJAna se nahIM apitu caritra se bhI alaGkRta hai| inake kAnya meM caritra kI bhI bhakti kI gayI hai| caritra aura bhakti kA aisA samanvaya anyatra durlabha hai| isa bhakti kA sambandha eka aura bAhya saMsAra se hai, to dUsarI ora AtmA se / isase vyaktitva meM eka zAlInatA AtI hai, vyavahAra meM lokapriyatA AtI hai, tathA AtmA meM paramAtmA kA divya teja damaka uThatA hai| unhoMne arhanta aura arhantapratimA meM koI antara svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / caitya vandana ke samAna hI hai / caitya yajJoM ke AvAsa-gRha haiM, unakI bhakti bhagavAna ke bhaktoM kI hI bhakti hai| bahiraGagapakSa-bhASA, zabda-zakti,alaGkAra, chanda Adi____ bhASA - triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita kI bhASA sarala, sarasa evaM ojamayI hai / AkhyAna sAhitya meM isakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / jaina darzana kA vivecana bhI surucipUrNa hai| isameM varNana kI adhikatA hai| vaidika purANoM ke samAna hI hemacandra ke purANa meM bhI atizayokti zailI kA svacchandatA se prayoga kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMGakaroM ke atizayokti pUrNa varNana karane meM AcArya siddha hasta haiN| vaidikoM ke kRSNacaritra ke samAna bhagavAna mahAvIra kA caritra bhI itanI adbhuta kathAoM se bharA hai ki usameM se vastusthiti kA paricaya pAnA atyanta kaThina hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukha ke AsapAsa sUrya se sahasra gunI prabhA hai / unakA pratibimba nahIM giratA / caraNoM ke nIce suvarNa kamala uge hue haiN| eka karor3a deva unake parivAra meM haiM / ve jahA~ jAte haiM suvAsita jalavRSTi hotI hai, bhUmi ke kaNTaka adhomukha ho jAte haiM / AkAza meM dundubhI kI dhvani hotI hai, AkAza meM dharmacakra ghUmatA hai, puSpa varSAM hotI hai aura pakSIgaNa unakI pradakSiNA karate haiN| unakA dharma-dhvaja ratnamaya hotA hai / unake zarIra meM pasInA ityAdi mala nahIM hote haiM / unakI palakeM hilatI nahIM, cAra mukha hote haiM, bAla aura nAkhUna bar3hate nahIM tathA ve AkAza meM saMcAra karate haiM / tIrthaMkara jahA~ sthita hAte haiM usa pradeza meM zatayojanaparyanta durbhikSa nahIM hotaa| ativRSTi athavA anAvRSTi hotI nahIM / usa rAjya meM paracakra kA bhaya nahIM hotaa| unakA zarIra sulakSaNa, mala-rahita, roga-rahita, sugaMdhita tathA sundara hotA hai| isa prakAra sahajAtizaya aura devakRta atizaya unameM hote haiN| dvayAzraya kAvya meM kucha kliSTatA jarUra A gayI hai, kintu yaha kliSTatA vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko samajhAne ke kAraNa nahIM AI hai, pANDitya pradarzana ke lie citra kAvya kI racanA se kliSTatA AyI hai| kahate haiM ki ve saptasandhAna

Page #84
72 ... AcArya hemacandra zailI meM siddhahasta the| kAvya ke pravAha meM vyAkaraNa ke niyama bar3I saralatA se spaSTa kiye haiM / "namaH svastisvaghAsvAhA'laivaSaT yaugAcca" isa pANini-sUtra kI sodAharaNa vyAkhyA hI mAnoM upasthita kI / hai jahA~ dvayAzraya kAvya meM kliSTatA hai vahA~ unake stotra-kAvyoM meM prasAdayukta bhASA hai| bhaktirasa kA vahA~ rAjya hai| dharmavivecana kA stara bhI unnata hai / tapasyA evaM svAnubhAva hone ke kAraNa hI ve sAhitya meM mahAvIra kI bhakti pradarzita kara sake haiM / bhakti yukta stuti hone para bhI sundara kAvya ke guNa unameM vidyamAna haiN| zabda-zakti :-abhighA, lakSaNA aura vyaJjanA, ina tInoM zabda-zaktiyoM kA hemacandra ne apane kAvya meM paryApta upayoga kiyA hai| prAyaH dharma-pracAraka zabda kI abhidhA-zakti se hI kAma lete hai| lakSaNa vyApAra athavA vyaJjanA vyApAra meM ve siddha hasta nahIM hote / AcArya hemacandra jinhoMne zabdAnuzAsana evaM kAvyAnuzAsana kI racanA kI, vyaJjanA meM camatkAra utpanna karane meM niSNAta the / aparAdhI manuSya ke Upara bhI prabhu mahAvIra ke netra dayA se tanika nIMcI jhukI huI putalI vAle tathA karuNAvaza Aye hue kiMcita A~suoM se Adra ho gaye isameM AcArya hemacandra ne vyaJjanA dvArA yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki pApI bhI bhagavAna kI zaraNa meM jA sakatA hai / vaha bhI bhagavAna kI dayA kA pAtra banatA hai| isameM gItA kI ukti "striyoM vaizyA tathA zUdroste'pi yAnti parAMgatim" kI dhvani milatI hai| nagara varNana meM ve prAyaH abhighA kA hI prayoga karate hai| bhalaGkAra - svabhAvokti, atizayokti, dRSTAnta, utprekSA, anyokti apanhuti, arthAntaranyAsa Adi sabhI mahatvapUrNa alaGakAroM kA hemacandra ne kAvya ke pravAha meM prayoga kiyA hai / anuprAsa kI chaTA dekhiye / prAtaHkAla gokula meM vRddhanaroM ne apane baccoM se kahA-dUdha nikAlo, dUdha pAtra meM rakho, pAtra meM rakha kara vastra se AvaraNa kro| tumane dUdha pI liyA athavA chAcha cAhiye athavA 1-dvayAzraya sarga 3, zloka 34 svadhA pitRbhyaH indrAyavaSaT svAhA ivirbhute / namo devebhyaH ityatvi-vAcaH sasyazriyA phalAn / / 3-34 2-dvayAzraya sarga 2 zloka 48 / 1, yogazAstra maMgalAcaraNa kRtAparAdhe'pi jane kRpAmantharasArayo : / ISa dbASpA yobhadraM zrI vIra jinnemyoH|| 3-dvayAzraya sarga 1 zloka 18-10

Page #85
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha 73 pAnI se calegA ? utprekSA kA udAharaNa' -aNahilapura kI striyA~ caritravatI haiM-caMcalatA to kevala senA meM haiM / aNahilapura ke vidvAnoM ko viddhatA ko dekhakara saptarSi bhUloka chor3akara cale gaye / sandeha alaGkAra kA udAharaNaisa nagara ke loga mRganayaniyoM kI tarapha dekhakara tarka karate haiM-ye pratyakSa komala hAtha haiM athavA kamala ? hAthoM ke nakha jo raktimA liye hue haiM, kamalAntargata kesara to nahIM hai ? isameM mRgIdRzAm meM rUpaka alaGkAra hI hai| atizayokti dekhiye-rAjA kA pratApa dekhakara sUrya bhI manda par3a gyaa| zAyada usakA pratApa rAjA ne chIna liyA hogaa| kathA kA prabhAva dekhiye / usameM nAda hai, mAdhurya hai svabhAvokti ke bhI udAharaNa vidyamAna haiM / kumArapAla carita kAvya meM svAbhAvika mAdhurya aura saundarya ke rahane para bhI upamA, utprekSA, dRSTAnta, dIpaka, atizayokti, rUpaka, Adi alaGkAroM kI sundara yojanA kI hai| utprekSA alaGkAra ke vyavahAra dvArA kavi hema ne sarasatA ke sAtha kAvya meM kamanIya bhAvanAoM kA saMyojana kiyA hai / vasanta ke Agamana ke samaya usakA svAgata karane ke lie vana ke dvAra para koyala madhura dhvani meM maMgala-pATha kara rahIM hai| yaha maMgala-pATha aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki jaise kAma vihvala proSitapatikAe~ apane patiyoM ke svAgata ke lie madhura vANI meM stutipATha karatI hoM / atizayokti ke prayoga dvArA tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa manorama 1-dvayAzraya sarga 1 zloka 36 - duggha sma dugdhaM sma nidhatthapAryAM pidhattadAtthasma ca dAtacApi / takrANi vA dAddha kimambu dADhetyAhuH samaM samprati ghoSa vRddhAH / / 2-48 amUpANI mRdU padma kimu kiM nu naravA amii| kesarANIni tarkayante janarasminmRgIdRzAm // 1-36 2-dvayAzraya sarga 2 zloka 17 tvayAmadIyotha mayA tvadIyo rAjan pratAponukRta stvayIti / tarka kulobhAnurudeti mandamiyAzayaH saMprati mAdvidhAm // 2-17 3-anyayoga vyavaccheda zloka 16 4-kumArapAla carita sarga 3 zloka 34 /

Page #86
AcArya hemacandra rUpa meM isa prakAra upasthita kiyA hai / gaura varNa ke nAgarika apanI-apanI patniyoM sahita bhavanoM ke Upara ramaNa karate hue deva aura nAga kumAroM dvArA Azcarya pUrvaka dekhe jAte haiM / arthAta vahA~ kI nAriyA~ apane saundarya se apsa - rAoM ko aura puruSa devoM ko tiraskRta karate haiM / 74 chanda saMskRta ke sabhI lokapriya chandoM kA hemacandra ne apane kAvya. meM upayoga kiyA hai / mahAkAvya ke niyamoM ke anusAra sarga ke anta meM chanda meM parivartana hotA hai, mAlinI athavA zArdUla vikrIDita chanda kA ve stuti meM prayoga karate haiM / dvAtriMzikA stuti meM unhoMne rUr3hi ke anusAra upajAti chanda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai tathA anta meM zikhariNI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA purANoM ko Adarza mAnakara hemacandra ne apanI purANa kI racanA kI jisameM purANoM ke anusAra anuSTubh chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / pro0 kobI kA mata hai ki kAvya kI dRSTi se inakA anuSTubh sadoSa hai / kintu purANoM meM anuSTubh isa prakAra ke hI pAye jAte haiM / hemacandra ke kAvya kI mahattA - mahAkAvya, purANakAvya evam stotra kAvya Adi kAvya ke pratyeka kSetra meM hemacandra kI navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA ke darzana hote haiM / inake kAvya meM vistAra ke sAtha gambhIratA bhI hai| kevala dharma pracAra kA hetu sAmane rakhakara kAvyanirmita karane vAle mahAkaviyoM meM azvaghoSa ke pazcAt AcArya hemacandra kA hI nAma Adara pUrvaka liyA jA sakatA hai / kintu azvaghoSa kA kAvya 'zAstra kAvya' nahIM hai / hemacandra ne dvayAzraya 'zAstra kAvya' likhakara gujarAta meM prArabdhA zAstra kAvya racanA - zailI kI paramparA ko vikAsita, vRddhigata tathA parivardhita kiyA / yadyapi bhaTTa ke pazcAt katipaya zAstrakAvya-kAra hue haiM phira bhI inameM vizeSa ullekhanIya AcArya hemacandra hI haiM / 'bhaTTikAvyakAra' ne apane bhaTTikAvya meM kevala saMskRta bhASA ke sambandha meM hI kahA hai kintu hemacandra ne apane zAstrakAvya meM saMskRta, prAkRta donoM kA saphalatApUrvaka vahana kiyA hai / isa prakAra bhaTTa ke pazcAt prAyaH tIna-cAra zatAbdiyoM taka jo parampAra supta sI ho gaI thI usa paramparA kA unhoMne na kevala utthAna apitu parivardhana bhI kiyA / 1 - kumArapAla carita sarga 1 zloka 13 / sA vAsanA sA kSaNasantatizca nA bhedabhedAmubhayairghaTete / tatastaTAdAzi zakuntapota nyAyAttvaduktAni parezrayantu // 16

Page #87
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha hemacandra apane samaya ke adbhuta paNDita the aura unakI kIrti kA prasAra usa samaya ke saMskRta zikSA ke kendra kAzmIra meM bhI huA thA / mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI bhA~ti unhoMne apane kAvya kA kathAnaka mahAbhArata athavA paurANika srota me nahIM kintu aitihAsika srotoM meM liyA aura usa para apanI prakhara pratibhA kI chApa baiThA dI / sacamuca unake 'dvayAzraya' kAvya meM kAvyansaundarya tathA vyAkaraNa kA maNikAJcana saMyoga hai / unakI kavitA saMskRta-sAhitya kI anupama upalabdhi hai / zabdoM ke sundara vinyAsa meM, bhAvoM ke samucita nirvAha meM, kalpanA kI U~cI ur3Ana meM tathA prakRti ke sajIva citraNa meM isa mahAkAvya kA kAvyajagat meM advitIya sthAna hai / stotra kAvya kI unakI kavitA sahRdayoM ke mana ko haratI hai / zabda aura artha ko navInatA use sacamuca 'ekArthamatyajatonavArthavaTanAm' banA detI haiM / 'dvayAzraya meM eka hI viSaya para kaI zlokoM meM varNana milegA, para sarvatra navIna zabdAvalI evam abhinava pada-racanA upalabdha hotI hai / atizayokti kI udbhAvanA meM, upamA, rUpaka, yamaka, anuprAsa, virodhAbhAsa tathA zleSa ke samucita prayoga meM hemacandra advitIya haiM / zabdArtha kA sAmaJjasya manohara hai / 75 bhaTTa ke atirikta sambhavataH mahAkavi 'mAgha' kA 'zizupAla vadha' bhI haimacandra ke sAmane Adarza rahA hogaa| inakA sArA kAvya praur3ha evaM udAtta zailI kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai / pratyeka varNana sajIva evam sAlaGkAra hai / , kucha AlocakoM ne dvayAzraya kAvya para kRtrimatA aura ADambara kI adhikatA kA doSAropaNa kiyA hai para unake kAvya ke vizeSa prayojana ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki usameM vAstavika kAvya ke guNoM kI kamI nahIM / pahale to unheM vyAkaraNa ke jaTila se jaTila niyamoM ke udAharaNa upasthita karate the aura dUsare apane kAvya ke sarvajana vidita kathAnaka meM maulikatA kA sanniveza karanA thA / isameM sandeha nahIM ki ina ubhaya uddezyoM kA eka sAtha nirvAha karanA kisI bhI kavi ke lie nitAnta kaThina kArya hai / isa kaThinAI ke rahate hue bhI hemacandra ke mahAkAvyoM meM rocakatA, madhuratA aura kAvyocita sarasatA kA abhAva nahIM hai / unake prabhAvazAlI saMvAda, prAkRtika dRzyoM ke manorama citraNa, praur3ha vyaJjanA praNAlI tathA vastu-varNana utkRSTa koTi ke haiM / hemacandra ke kAvya kA mUlyAGkana zrI viMTaranItja, varadAcArI evam esa0 ke0 De0 ne ucita

Page #88
AcArya hemacandra rUpa se kiyA hai / 'triSaSThizalAkApuruSa carita' meM kathA ke pravAha meM bIca-bIca meM jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA AkarSaka rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM gUDha dArzanika tatvoM ko kAvya rUpa meM prastuta karane ke phalasvarUpa zailI meM zithilatA evaM durUhatA A gayI hai| paNDita kaviyoM meM sthAna- mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke pazcAt mahAkavi bhAravi ne saMskRta kAvya meM eka navIna 'zailI' ko janma diyaa| zrI baladeva upAdhyAya ne use 'alaGakRta zailI' kA nAma diyaa| use kRtrima zailI bhI kahate haiM / isa samaya taka saMskRta bhASA kA kSetra rAjasabhA taka hI sImita raha gayA thaa| rAjasabhA meM upasthita paNDita-samAja kA manoraMjana karanA hI saMskRta kaviyoM kA kArya ho gayA thaa| ataH paNDita jana ke manoraMjanArtha paNDita kaviyoM ne pANDityapUrNa zailI,-alaGakRta zailI kA Arambha kiyA / isa zailI ke antargata dhIre-dhIre bhASA ne apanI saralatA chor3akara kliSTa zabdoM aura dIrgha samAsoM kA Azraya liyA / pariNAmataH ina kAvyoM meM saralatA aura svAbhAvikatA kI kamI hai| ina paNDita kaviyoM ne kAvya kA uddezya bAhya zobhA-alaGkAra, zleSa yojanA evam zabdavinyAsacAturI taka hI sImita kara diyaa| alaGkAra kauzala kA pradarzana karanA tathA vyAkaraNa Adi zAstroM ke niyamoM ke pAlana meM apanI nipuNatA siddha karanA hI unakA pradhAna lakSya ho gyaa| kAvya kA viSaya gauNa ho gayA tathA bhASA aura zailI ko alaGkRta karane kI kalA pradhAna ho gyii| ina kAvyoM ke racayitA prAyaH rAjAoM ke Azrita huA karate the| ye rAjA svayaM sAhityika ruci ke vyakti hote the aura unameM vAstavika guNoM kI parIkSA karane kI kSamatA hotI thii| rAja-sabhAoM ke isa prabhAva ke kAraNa tatkA. lIna saMskRta mahAkAvyoM para rAjakIya jIvana kI-usako vilAsitA tathA kRtrimatA kI spaSTa chApa dikhAI par3atI hai / bhAva-pradarzana kA sthAna vaidagdhya-pradarzana ne 1 -The famous vItarAga stotra of the great AcArya hemacandra written at the request of king Kumarpal is ostensibly a poem in praise of warate, the Passionless One; but it is also a poetical mannual of a doctrine divided into 20 parts ..............written in the direct and forcible language of knowledge and adoration. Aspects of Sanskrit Lietrature-s. K. Dey. In his poem called kumArapAla carita written in Sanskrit and

Page #89
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha le liyA tathA kalpanA kI pradhAnatA ho gyii| ina kAvyoM para 'kAmazAstra tathA alaGkAra zAstra kA bhI paryApta prabhAva par3A / alaGakAra zAstra ne kAvya sambandhI niyamoM ko nirdhArita kiyA tathA kAmazAstra ne nAyaka-nAyikA ke AcAra-vicAra ko prastuta kiyaa| zAstrIya siddhAnta kI pradhAnatA ne ina paNDita kaviyoM ko apanI svatantra udbhAvanA-zakti ke prati satarka kara diyaa| unhoMne zAstrIya mata ko zreSTha, aura antaH preraNA kI gauNa mAna liyaa| paNDita kaviyoM kI yaha alaGakRta zailI itanI lokapriya huI ki 'bhAravi' ke pazcAt isa zailI se yukta kAvya-nirmANa karane ko hor3a laga gayI / 'zizupAla vagha' ke racayitA 'mAgha' ne mAnoM spardhA kI bhAvanA rakha kara hI apane kAvya ko 'bhAravi' se bhI adhika pANDilyapUrNa bnaayaa| mAgha ke kAnya meM bhAravi ke 'kirAtArjunIya' kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai, to ratnAkara ke 'hara vijaya' nAmaka mahAkAvya para mAgha kA prabhAva spaSTa darzita hotA hai| bhaTTi ke 'bhaTTikAvya' ne isa paramparA meM eka aura adhyAya jor3a diyA alaGakRta zailI ke sAthasAtha vyAkaraNa ke jaTila niyamoM ke udAharaNa prastuta karanA bhI ina paNDita kaviyoM kA lakSya bana gyaa| isa prakAra bhAravi se Arambha hone vAlA alaGakRta zailIyukta kAvya 'zAstra kAvya' meM pariNata ho gyaa| yaha usI alaGakRta zailI kI carama sImA hai| Prakrit, the learned Jain Moak, Hemchandra proves himself simultaneously a poet, historian, and grammarian in the two languages. The work contains the history of cAlukyA particullarly of kumArapAla in cantoes 16-20. This prince is extolled above all as a pious Jaina...............it is evident that ARYTT was full in life and at the peek of his fame when the poem was written. H. Winternitz-History of India Literature Vol III P. I Page 102 "............Some poems were written for the main purpose of preaching the religion. pariziSTha parvan has a number of popular tales which the author introduced into his bicgraphical narrations about Jain Saints. History of Sanskrit Literature by varadAcArI Page 84, 91, 101, 122, 126

Page #90
AcArya hemacandra isa paNDita zailI kA prabhAva 'jaina mahAkAvyoM' meM bhI parilakSita hotA hai| haricandra nAmaka kavi ne 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI, jo isI kRtrima zailI kA pratIka hai| 1200 I0ke vAgbhaTa ke 'neminirvANa' kAvya para 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' meM citrAlaGakAroM kI bharamAra hai| 1200 zatAbdI meM hI mahAkavi kavirAja ne 'rAghavapANDavIya' nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| isameM pratyeka zloka meM zleSa dvArA rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathA kA sAtha-sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai / bAda meM isa kAvya kA bhI anukaraNa hone lagA tathA vyAkaraNa pradhAna zAstra kAvya kI paramparA vikasita hone lgii| zrI haradattasUri ke 'rAghavanaiSadhIya' meM nala aura rAma kI ora cidambarakRta 'rAghavayAdavapANDavIya' meM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA bhAgavat kI kathA eka sAtha varNita hai / vidyAmAdhava racita' pArvatI RkmiNIya' meM ziva-pArvatI tathA kRSNa-RkmiNI ke vivAha kA eka sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai| beMkaTAdhvari ke 'yAdavarAghavIya' meM sIdhe par3hane se rAma tathA ulaTe par3hane se kRSNa kI kathA kA varNana hai / paNDita kAvya kA caramotkarSa zrI harSa ke 'naiSadha' meM dekhane ko milatA hai jinhoMne apane kAvya ko jAnabUjha kara kliSTa banAyA / unhoMne kahA hai, 'paNDita hone kA darpa karane vAlA koI duHzIla manuSya isa kAvya ke marma ko haThapUrvaka jAnane kA cApalya na kara sake isaliye hamane jAnabUjhakara kahIM-kahIM isa grantha meM granthiyA~ lagA dI haiM / jo sajjana zraddhA-bhakti pUrvaka guru ko prasanna karake ina gUr3ha granthiyoM ko sulajhA leMge, ve hI isa kAvya ke rasa kI laharoM meM hilore le skeNge|' __ paNDita kaviyoM meM AcArya hemacandra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai, inakA kAvya 'paNDitakAvya' hokara 'zAstrakAvya' bhI hai| inake kAvya meM kucha aisI vizeSatA pAyI jAtI hai jo anya paNDita kaviyoM ke kAvya meM nahIM pAyI jAtI hai| pahalI vizeSatA to yaha hai ki usameM dharma-pracAra kI bhAvanA otaprota hai / camatkRta zailI meM vyAkaraNa batAte hue unhoMne apane dharma kA prabhAvapUrNa pracAra kiyA hai evam kumArapAla ko zrAvaka dharma meM AcAra-baddha kiyA hai| yaha bAta anya paNDita kAvya meM tathA zAstra kAvya meM nahIM pAyI jaatii| dUsarI vizeSatA unakA kAvya aitihAsika kAvya hai| saMkSepa meM, AcArya hemacandra ke kAvya meM saMskRta bRhattrayo ke anusAra pANDityapUrNa camatkRta zailI hai, bhaTTi ke anusAra vyAkaraNa kA vivecana hai, azvaghoSa ke anusAra dharma-pracAra hai evam kalhaNa ke anusAra itihAsa bhI hai / itanI sArI bAteM eka sAtha anya kisI bhI kAvya meM pAyI nahIM jaatii| ataH

Page #91
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha 76 niHsandeha AcArya hemacandra kA paNDita-kaviyoM meM mUrdhanya sthAna hai / unake jaise paNDita ke dvArA siddharAja jayasiMha kI paNDita sabhA yathArtha meM paNDita sabhA ho gayI thii| 'siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana', 'triSaSThizalAkApuruSa carita' Adi meM unhoMne ko rAjA kI stuti meM prazasti zloka likhe haiM ve darabArI kAvya ke utkRSTa namUne haiN| hemacandra ke kAvya-granthoM kA aitihAsika evam paurANika pakSa anya sAhitya ke samAna saMskRta ke aitihAsika kAvya meM bhI acArya hemacandra kA sthAna viziSTa hai / saMskRta aitihAsika-kAvya meM 'kAvya' ko mahatva adhika diyA jAtA hai, itihAsa ko kama / kahIM-kahIM to itihAsa ke tarapha dhyAna hI nahIM diyA jAtA, aura kahIM kahIM itihAsa kA atizayokti meM viparyAta kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra kA viparyAsa vilhaNa ke 'vikramAGakadevacarita' meM dekhA jA sakatA hai kintu AcArya hemacandra ke 'kumArapAla carita' athavA 'dvayAzraya' kAvya meM aitihAsika tathyoM kI upekSA nahIM kI gayI hai / isa dRSTi se hemacandra ke kAvya granthoM kA aitihAsika pakSa atyanta sabala siddha hotA hai| prAcIna kAla ke purANoM meM tatkAlIna dhArmika sAmAjika evam sAMskRtika jIvana kA vizad citra upalabdha hotA hai / bauddhoM aura jainoM ke granthoM meM bhI aitihAsika vyaktiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prAcIna rAjAoM kI prazastiyoM meM aitihAsika tathya upalabdha hote haiN| phira bhI inheM aitihAsika kAvya nahIM kaha skte| azvaghoSa (1 I0) kA 'buddhacarita' aitihAsika kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai kintu vaha adhikAMzataH kAvya hai| dharmopadeza usakA uddezya hai| ata: aitihAsika dRSTi se usakA mahatva nahIM hai / sarvaprathama aitihAsika gadya-kAvya kI racanA karane kA zreya bANa bhaTTa (I0606-648)ko hai| unake 'harSacarita' meM mahArAja harSavardhana kA caritra aGkita haiN| isameM itivRttoM kA ullekha kavitvamaya bhASA va meM diyA gayA hai| kisI ghaTanA kI tithi bhI nahIM do gaI hai| rAjyavardhana ko mArane vAle goDAdhipa kA 'harSacarita' meM kahIM nAma taka nahIM batalAyA gayA hai, atae va kAvya kA aitihAsika mahatva kama ho gayA hai| vAkpati rAja kA 'gauDavaho' nAmaka prAkRta aitihAsika kAvya hai (736 I0) / gauDavaho meM aitihAsika bAtoM kA varNana bahuta hI kama hai| usameM yazovarmA dvArA eka gaur3a rAjA ke parAsta karane kI ghaTanA kA varNana hai, kintu usa gaur3a rAjA ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / I0 1005 meM padamgupta athavA parimala kAlidAsa kA navasAhasAGaka carita kI racanA huii| isameM bhI vistRta varNanoM se

Page #92
AcArya hemacandra kathA kA pravAha avaruddha ho gayA hai tathA grantha kA aitihAsika mahatva kama ho gayA hai / bilhaNa ne 1085I0ke lagabhaga 'vikramAGakadeva carita' nAmaka aitihAsika kAvya kI racanA kii| isameM cAlukya vaMzI rAjA vikramAditya kA caritra varNita hai, kavi ne apane caritanAyaka kA atiraMjita varNana kiyA hai| jagahajagaha paurANika aura alaukika prasaGagoM ke ullekha se kAvya kA aitihAsika pakSa nirbala par3a gayA hai| ghaTanAoM kI tithiyA~ bhI sUcita nahIM kI gaI hai| mahAkavi kalhaNa-kRta rAjataraGagiNI' (1148-51 I0) aitihAsika kAvyoM meM sabase adhika mahatvamaya hai| yadi kahA jAye ki 'rAjataraGagiNI' saMskRta sAhitya meM aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke kramabaddha itihAsa likhane kA prathama prayAsa hai to atyukti nahIM hogii| kalhaNa ne Adi kAla se lekara san 1151 ke Arambha taka kAzmIra ke pratyeka rAjA ke zAsanakAla kI ghaTanAoM kA yathAkrama vivaraNa diyA hai / saMskRta ke prAcIna aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM meM yahI ekamAtra kRti hai jisameM tithiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM kalhaNa kI kAlagaNanA bhrAntipUrNa hai / phira bhI 'rAjataGaragiNI' saMskRta kI amulya kRti hai / kalhaNa ke anantara race gaye aitihAsika kAvyoM meM AcArya hemacandra kA 'kumArapAla carita' athavA 'dvayAzraya' kAvya hI mahatvapUrNa hai / kahA jAtA hai ki aNhilavAr3a ke cAlukya vaMzI rAjA kumArapAla ke sammAnArtha isa aitihAsika kAvya kI racanA kI gyii| pro. pArIkha kA yaha mata, jo sarvathA ucita pratIta hotA hai, ki saMskRta dvayAzraya kA adhikAMza bhAga siddharAja jayasiMha ke samaya meM likhA gayA honA caahie| "dvayAzraya kAvya" meM kumArapAla ke zAsana kA varNana karate hue kAvya ke 16 veM sarga se 20 veM sarga taka jo kucha kahA gayA hai usameM kama se kama itanI satyatA hai ki kumArapAla jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kA saccA anuyAyI thaa| isane atyanta kaThora daNDa kA vidhAna karate hue pazu-hiMsA kA niSedha kara diyA thA, aura anekAneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| vaha nizcita rUpa se jainadharma ke pakSa-pAta kI nIti kA anusaraNa karatA thA / kumArapAla carita meM nimnAMkita aitihAsika tathya pUrNatayA satya haiM- (1) kumArapAla kA rAjyAdhikAra, (2) satyadharmajJAna prApta karane kI usakI manISA, (3) hemacandra kA pUrva kAlIna jIvana, (4) hemacandra aura kumArapAla kA sambandha, (5) kumArapAla kA jaina-mahotsavoM ko manAnA, (6) saurASTra mandiroM kI kumArapAla kI yAtrA (7) giranAra pahAr3a para sopAna banAnA, (8) vihAra paudhazAlA Adi kA

Page #93
hemacandra ke kAvya-grantha '81 nirmANa, (8) kumArapAla kA jaina dharma meM atIva ruci lenA, (10) kumArapAla kA dainika kAryakrama, (11) namaskAra mantra meM kumArapAla kI zraddhA tathA (12) kumArapAla ke jIvana sambandhI anya ullekha / saMskRta 'dvayAzraya kAvya' ko "cAlukyavaMzotkIrtana" bhI kahA jAtA hai| zrI pArIkha mahodaya ne apane grantha aNahilapura ke cAlukya vaMza ke itihAsa meM saMskRta 'dvayAzraya kAvya' kA evaM 'kumArapAla carita' kA bahuta upayoga kiyA hai| "pariziSTha parvan" meM mahAvIra ke pazcAt jambusvAmI se lekara vajrasvAmI taka kA itihAsa diyA gayA hai| isI meM samrATa zreNika, samprati, candragupta, azoka, ityAdi rAjAoM kA itihAsa bhI guthA huA hai / hemacandra ke pariziSTa parva ke anusAra mahAvIra ke nirmANa ke 155 varSa pazcAt candragupta maurya rAjA huaa| hemacandra ke pariziSTa parva meM batalAyA gayA hai ki svayambhava AcArya ne apane putra manaka ko alpAyu jAnakara usake anugrahArtha Agama ke sArarUpa dezavaikAlika sUtra kI racanA kii| jisa prakAra 'dvayAzraya kAvya' meM aitihAsika pakSa sabala hai usI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ke 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita meM paurANika pakSa sabala hai / yadyapi hemacandrAcArya svayaM use eka mahAkAvya kahate haiM, phira bhI usameM paurANika pakSa sabala hone se vaha eka jaina purANa hI kahA jA sakatA hai / vaidika purANoM kI sabhI vizeSatAeM isa purANa meM vidyamAna haiM / isa purANa meM tatkAlIna dhArmika, sAmAjika, evaM sAMskRtika jIvana kA bhI vizad citra upalabdha hotA hai / saMskRta ke kathA sAhitya meM bhI 'pariziSThaparvana' kA ucca sthAna hai| yaha satya hai ki una kathAoM ko jaina sampradAya ke matAnusAra parivartita kiyA gayA hai kyoMki jaina sampradAya meM atIva AsthA hone ke kAraNa unhoMne vastuoM aura ghaTanAoM ko vizeSa dRSTikoNa se dekhA hai / yathAnusAra candragupta ko eka jaina batAyA gayA hai| itanA hone para bhI isa purANa ne jaina saMskRti meM prAcIna paurANika paramparA ke abhAva kI pUrti kI hai| aitihAsika evaM paurANika pakSa ke samAna AcArya hemacandra kA bhaktipakSa bhI sabala hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti meM unhoMne praur3ha dArzanika stotra likhe / isase siddha hotA hai ki ve kevala zAstroM ke nirmAtA nahIM kintu sarasa, surucipUrNa kAvya ke racayitA bhI haiM / bhakti kI dRSTi se bhI ina stotroM kA utanA hI mahatva hai jitanA ki eka sundara kAvya-kRti kI dRSTi se / isa sambandha meM pro. jaikobI kA mata draSTavya hai|

Page #94
AcArya hemacandra " Hemchandra has very extensive and at the same time accurate knowledge of many branches of Hindu and Jaina learning, combined with great literary skill, and on easy style. His strength lies in encyclopaedical, work rather than in original research but the enormous mass of varied information which he gatherd from original sources, mostly lost to us makes his work an inestimable mine for phicological and . historical research", 1-( Encyclopaedia of religion of Ethics ) Vol. VI P. 591

Page #95
adhyAya:3 vyAkaraNa grantha hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA sarvotkRSTa rUpa pANinikRta "aSTAdhyAyI" meM pAyA jAtA hai| unhoMne apane se pUrva ke aneka vaiyAkaraNoM, jaise-zAkaTAyana, zaunaka, sphoTAyana, Apizali, Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| jisase vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI atiprAcIna avicchinna vikAsa dhArA kA saketa milatA hai| bhagavAna pANini kI racanA itanI sarvAGgapUrNa va apane se pUrva kI samasta mAnyatAoM kA yathAvazyaka yathAvidhi samAveza karane vAlI siddha huI ki usase pUrva kI una samasta racanAoM kA pracAra-prasAra ruka gayA aura ve lupta ho gayIM / pANinIya-tantra itanA lokapriya huA ki usase bhinna prAcIna tantra vyavahAra ke pare ho jAne ke kAraNa lupta-prAyaH ho gaye / pANinI ne apane pUrvavartI granthakAroM ke aneka sUtra apane grantha meM saMgrahita kiye haiN| pANinI ke grantha 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM yadi kucha nyUnatA zeSa raha gayI thI to usakA zodhana vArtikakAra kAtyAyana aura bhASyakAra pata Jjali ne kara diyaa| isa prakAra pANinIya-vyAkaraNa-sampradAya ko jo pratiSThA prApta huI use zatAbdiyoM kI paramparA bhI koI kSati nahIM pahu~cA skii| pANini ke pazcAt aneka vaiyAkaraNoM ne vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI racanA kii| uttarakAlIna vaiyAkaraNoM meM se adhikAMza kA AdhAra prAyaH pANinIya 'aSTAdhyAyI hai| kevala kAtantra vyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM vidvajjanoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki isakA AdhAra koI anya prAcIna vyAkaraNa hai| isI kAraNa kAtantra ko bhI prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| pANinItara vaiyAkaraNoM meM nimna granthakAra prasiddha haiM

Page #96
- AcArya hemacandra 1. kAtantrakAra, 2. candragomI, 3. kSapaNaka, 4. devanandI, 5. vAmana, 6. pAlyakIrti, 7. zivasvAmI, 8. bhojadeva, 6. buddhisAgara, 10 bhadrezvara 11. hemacandra, 12. kramadIzvara, 13. sArasvata vyAkaraNakAra, 14. bopadeva tathA 15. padmanAbha / pANinIya paramparA dvArA saMskRta bhASA kA pariSkRta rUpa avazya sthira ho gayA, kintu vyAkaraNa zAstra kI anyAnya paddhatiyA~ bhI sAtha-sAtha calatI rahIM jaina sampradAya meM devanandI, zAkaTAyana, hemacandra Adi kaI vaiyAkaraNa hue haiM / devanandI ne apane zabdAnuzAsana meM pUrvavartI chaH jainAcAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake grantha vyAkaraNa sambandhI the kintu ye grantha aba upalabdha nahIM haiM / pANini ke paravartI vaiyAkaraNoM meM hemacandrasUri taka jo vaiyAkaraNa hue haiM unameM devanandI (I0 500-550) kA 'jainendra vyAkaraNa', kAtantra, pAlyakIrti (871-624) kA 'zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa' evaM bhojadeva (saM. 1075-1110) kA 'sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa' vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM / kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA hemacandra para paryApta prabhAva par3A hai / 'zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa' bhI hemacandra se pUrva bahuta prasiddha thA / . hemacandra para jainendra tathA zAkaTAyana dAnoM kA prabhAva par3A hai| bhojadeva kA 'sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa' mAlave ke vyAkaraNa ke nAma se prasiddha hai| inheM saMskRta bhASA kA punaruddhAraka kahate haiM / inake vyAkaraNa kI lokapriyatA ko dekhakara hI spardhAvaza siddharAja jayasiMha ne hemacaMdra ko vyAkaraNa banAne kI preraNA dii| AcArya hemacandra ne apane samaya meM upalabdha samasta vyAkaraNa vAGamaya kA anuzIlana kara apane 'zabdAnuzAsana' evaM anya vyAkaraNa granthoM kI racanA kii| hemacandra ke pUrvavartI vyAkaraNoM meM tIna doSa-vistAra, kaTinatA evaM kramabhaMga yA anuvRttibAhulya, pAye jAte haiM; kintu zabdAnuzAsanakAra hemacandra ukta tInoM doSoM se mukta haiN| unakA vyAkaraNa suspaSTa evaM Azubodhaka rUpa meM saMskRta bhASA ke sarvAdhika zabdoM kA anuzAsana upasthita karatA hai| yadyapi unhoMne pUrvavartI vyAkaraNoM se kucha na kucha grahaNa kiyA hai, kintu usa svIkRti meM bhI maulikatA aura navInatA hai| unhoMne sUtra aura udAharaNoM ko grahaNa kara lene para bhI unake nibandhana krama ke vaiziSTya meM eka nayA hI camatkAra utpanna kiyA hai| sUtroM kI samatA, sUtroM ke bhAvoM ko pacAkara naye DhaMga ke sUtra evaM amoghavRtti ke vAkyoM ko jyoM ke tyoM rUpa meM athavA kucha parivartana ke sAtha nibaddha - kara bhI apanI maulikatA kA akSuNNa banAye rakhanA hemacandra jaise pratibhAzAlI 1-vyAkaraNa darzanara itihAsa dvArA-paNDita gurupada hAladAra pRSTha 448 /

Page #97
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ vyakti kA hI kArya hai / udAharaNArtha - zAkaTAyana ke "nityaM haste pANI " svIkRtau / 1-1- 6 sUtra ke sthAna para hemacandra ne "nityaM haste pANAbudra he 3-1-15 sUtra likhakara spaSTatA ke pradarzana ke sAtha udvAha - vivAha artha meM haste aura pANI af hI avayava mAnA hai aura kRgdhAtu ke yoga meM gati saMjJaka kahakara haste kRtya pANaukRtya rUpa siddha kiye haiM / isa prakAra zAkaTAyana ke sUtra meM tho sAr3a parivartana kara unhoMne zabdAnuzAsana ke kSetra meM camatkAra utpanna kara diyA hai / isI prakAra 'kaNe manastRptau, 3-1-6, sUtra likhakara 'kaNe hatyapayaH pibati, mano hatya payaH pibati' ityAdi udAharaNoM ke artha meM maulikatA pradarzita kI hai / 85 isa prakAra hemacandra ke pUrva saMskRta vyAkaraNa yadyapi paryApta vikasita rUpa meM vidyamAna thA to bhI unhoMne apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke granthoM kA samyak adhyayana kara eka sarvAGga paripUrNa upayogI evaM sarala vyAkaraNa kI racanA kara saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM hI bhASAoM ko pUrNatayA anuzAsita kiyA hai / AcArya hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa gujarAta kA vyAkaraNa kahalAtA hai / mAlavarAja avantinAtha bhoja ne bhI vyAkaraNa grantha likhA thA aura vahA~ unhIM kA vyAkaraNa prayoga meM lAyA jAtA thA / vidyAbhUmi gujarAta meM kalApa ke sAtha bhoja - vyAkaraNa kI bhI pratiSThA thI / ataeva hemacandra ne siddharAja jayasiMha ke Agraha se gurjara dezavAsiyoM ke adhyayana hetu apane vyAkaraNa granthoM kI racanA kI / amaracandrasUri ne apanI 'bRhat avacUrNI' meM unake zabdAnuzAsana kI carcA kI hai / ataeva spaSTa hai ki siddha hemazabdAnuzAsana santulita aura paMcAGgaparipUrNa hai / isameM pratyeka sUtra ke padaccheda, vibhakti, samAsa, artha, udAharaNa, aura siddhi, ye chahoM aGaga pAye jAte haiM / AcArya hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa se 'hema' sampradAya kI nIMva par3I / hema vyAkaraNa kA krama prAcIna zabdAnuzAsanoM ke sadRza nahIM hai / yaha vyAkaraNa pANinIya tantra kI apekSA laghu spaSTa aura kAtantra kI apekSA sampUrNa hai | vyAkaraNa kI sAdhAraNa jAnakArI rakhane vAlA vyakti bhI unake zabdAnuzAsana ko hRdayaGgama kara sakatA hai, tathA saMskRta bhASA ke samasta pramukha zabdoM ke anuzAsana se avagata ho sakatA hai / " zabdAnuzAsana" meM viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se sUtra suvyavasthita evaM susambaddha haiN| sUtroM kA praNayana AvazyakatAnurUpa kiyA hai / eka bhI sUtra aisA nahIM hai jisakA kArya kisI dUsare sUtra se calAyA jA sakatA ho / 1. zabdAnuzAsana - zabdAnuzAsana ke viSaya meM katipaya kiMvadantiyA~ prasiddha haiM jinase zabdAnuzAsana kI tatkAlina prasiddhi evaM mAnyatA siddha hotI

Page #98
86 - AcArya hemacandra hai| merutuGagAcArya ke prabandha cintAmaNi ke anusAra eka bAra siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjasabhA meM IrSyAlu brAhmagoM ne kahA "hamAre zAstroM ke pANinyAdi vyAkaraNa granthoM ke adhyayana ke bala para hI ina jainoM kI vidvattA hai|" rAjA ne bhI yahI puuchaa| taba AcArya hemacandra ne kahA 'jainendra vyAkaraNa ko hama par3hate haiM, mahAvIra ne indra ke sAmane jisakI vyAkhyA kI thI' isa para eka brAhmaNa pizuna ne kahA 'purAnI bAtoM ko chor3a do, hamAre samaya ke hI kisI vyAkaraNakartA kA nAma btaao'| isa para AcArya hemacandra bole 'mahArAja sahAyatA deM to maiM hI svayaM kucha dinoM meM paJcAGaga paripUrNa nUtana vyAkaraNa taiyAra kara sakatA hU~' / rAjA ne apanI anumati pradAna kii| isa para bahuta se dezoM ke paNDitoM ke sAtha sabhI vyAkaraNoM ko ma~gavAkara, hemacandrAcArya ne 'siddha hema' nAmaka nUtana paJcAGga nyAkaraNa eka varSa meM taiyAra kiyaa| isameM savA lAkha zloka the / isa vyAkaraNa grantha kA cala samAroha hAthI para nikAlA gyaa| isa para zvetachatra suzobhita thA evam do cAmara Dola rahe the / rAjA ne bhI isa vyAkaraNa kA khUba pracAra karavAyA / zabdAnuzAsana ke pracAra ke liye 300 lekhakoM se 300 pratiyA~ likhavAkara bhinna-bhinna dharmAdhyakSoM ko bheMTa dene ke atirikta deza-videza, IrAna, sIlona, nepAla, pratiyA~ bhejI gaI gayIM / 20 pratiyA~ kAzmIra ke sarasvatI bhANDAra meM pahu~cI / zabdAnuzAsana ke adhyApanArtha pATana meM kakkala kAyastha vaiyAkaraNa niyukta kiye gaye / pratimAsa jJAna zukla paMcamI (kArtika sudI paMcamI) ko parIkSA lI jAtI thI aura uttIrNa hone vAle chAtra ko zAla, sone ke gahane, chAte, pAlakI Adi bheMTa meM diye jAte the| zuddhAzuddha kI parIkSA kara yaha grantha rAjakIya koza meM sthApita kiyA gayA / purAtana prabandha saMgraha meM bhI prabandha cintAmaNi kA vRttAnta rUpAntarita milatA hai / zabdAnuzAsana kitanA lokapriya huA thA isa viSaya meM purAtana prabandha saMgraha meM nimnAMkita zloka milatA hai| "bhrAtaH pANini ! saMvRNu pralapitaM kAtaMtra kaMthA vRthA / mA kArSIH kaTuzAkaTAyanavacaH kSudreNa cAndra Na kim / / kaH kaNThAbharaNAdimi barcharayatyAtmAna manyairapi / zrUyante yadi tAvadarza madhurA: zrI siddha hemoktayaH / / 1-prabandha cintAmaNi-pRSTha 460 / 2 zabdAnuzAsanajAtamasti tasmAcca kathAmidaM prazasya tamamiti ? ucyate taddhi ati vistIrNa prakIrNaJca / kAtaMtra tarhi sAdhu bhaviSya tIti cenna tasya saMkIrNatvAt / idaM tu siddhahemacandrAbhidhAnaM nAsti vistIrNa naca saMkIrNamiti anenaiva zabda vyutpattirbhavati |....amrcndrsuuri-bRht avacUrNI

Page #99
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ byAkaraNa ke kSetra meM hemacandra ne pANini, bhaTTojI dIkSita aura bhaTTi kA kArya akele hI kiyA hai / inhoMne sUtravRtti ke sAtha prakriyA aura udAharaNa bhI likhe haiM / saMskRta zabdAnuzAsana 7 adhyAya meM aura prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana eka adhyAya meM isa prakAra kula ATha adhyAya meM aSTAdhyAyI zabdAnuzAsana ko samApta kiyA hai| unhoMne saMskRta zabdAnuzAsana ke udAharaNa saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya meM aura prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana ke udAharaNa prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya meM likhe haiM / AcArya hemacandra saMskRta ke antima mahAvaiyAkaraNa the jinhoMne zabdAnuzAsana dvArA saMskRta bhASA kA vizleSaNa pUrNa rUpa se kiyA aura 'hema sampradAya' kI nIMva DAlI / pANinikRta 'aSTAdhyAyI' ke anurUpa unhoMne bhI apane vyAkaraNa ko 8 adhyAyoM va pratyeka adhyAya ko 4 pAdoM meM vibhAjita kiyA / unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki saMskRta sampUrNa vyAkaraNa 7 adhyAyoM meM samApta karake aSTam adhyAya meM prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA bhI prarUpaNa aisI sarvAMgaparipUrNa rIti se kiyA ki vaha adyAvadhi apUrva kahA jA sakatA hai| unake pazcAt jo prAkRta byAkaraNa bane, ve bahudhA unakA hI anukaraNa karate haiM / vizeSataH zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI prAkRtoM ke svarUpa kucha na kucha unake pUrvavartI caNDa va varuruci jaise prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM ne bhI upasthita kiye haiM, kintu apabhraMza kA vyAkaraNa to hemacandra kI apUrva dena hai / usameM bhI jo udAharaNa pUre va adhUre padyoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unase to apabhraMza sAhitya kI prAcIna samRddhi ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM kI A~kheM khula gayIM aura ve una padyoM ke stotra kI khoja meM laga gaye / siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana meM prArambhika 7 adhyAyoM meM 3566 sUtra haiM, 8 veM adhyAya meM 1119 sUtra haiM / isa prakAra saMskRta prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM ke isa mahAn vyAkaraNa ko karIba 4 hajAra sUtroM meM pUrA karake bhI kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandra zAnta nahIM rahe / unhoMne 18000 zloka pramANa usakI bRhadvRtti bhI likhI / isa bRhadvRtti para bhASya 'katicid durgapadakhyA vyAkhyA likhI gayI / isa bhASya kI hasta likhita prati barlina meM hai ( byevara pR0 237) / ladhvI vRtti kA pramANa 6000 zloka haiM / isa vRtti kA nAma ' prakAzikA' bhI hai / ( piTarasana kA prathama prativedana pR0 70-71 ) 60,000 zlokoM kA eka bRhannAsa nAma kA vivaraNa bhI unhoMne likhA / yaha kRti aba anupalabdha hai / unhoMne apanI vRtti meM gaNapATha, dhAtupATha, uNAdi aura liGagAnuzAsana prakaraNa bhI jodd'e| ina vRttiyoM meM aneka prAcIna vyAkaraNoM ke nAma lekara unake matoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai| udAharaNoM meM bhI bahuta kucha maulikatA pAyI jAtI 87

Page #100
88 -- AcArya hemacandra hai / vidhi-vidhAnoM meM kartA ne isameM apane kAla taka ke bhASAtmaka vikAsa kA samAveza karane kA prayatna kiyA hai jo aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI bar3A mahatvapUrNa ___zabdAnuzAsana meM nimnAMkita prAcIna AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai - 1, Apizali, 2. yAska, 3. zAkaTAyana, 4. gArgya, 5 vedamitra, 6. zAkalya 7. indra, 8. candra, 6. zeSa bhaTAraka, 10. pataJjali, 11. vArtikakAra, 12. pANinI, 13. devanandI, 14. jayAditya, 15. vAmana, 16. vizvAntavidyAdharakAra, 17. vizrAntanyAsakAra, 18. jaina zAkaTAyana, 16. durgasiMha, 20. zrutapAla 21. bhartRhari, 22. kSIrasvAmI, 23. bhoja, 24. nArAyaNa kaNThI, 25.sArasaGagrahakAra, 26. dramila, 27. zikSAkAra, 28. utpala, 26. upAdhyAya, 30. kSIrasvAmI, 31. jayantIkAra, 32. nyAsakAra tathA 33. pArAyaNakAra / hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa-krama prAcIna zabdAnuzAsanoM ke sadRza nahIM hai / isakI racanA kAtantra ke samAna prakaraNAnusArI hai| isameM yathAkrama saMjJA, svara-saMdhi, vyanjana-saMdhi, nAma, kAraka, Satva, Natva, strIpratyaya samAsa AkhyAta, kRdanta aura taddhita prakaraNa haiN| saMskRta bhASA ke zabdAnuzAsana ko 4 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) catuSkavRtti (2) AkhyAta vRtti (3) kRdavRti aura (4) taddhitavRtti / catuSkabRtti meM sandhi, zabdarUpa, kAraka evaM samAsa cAroM kA anuzAsana Arambha se lekara tRtIya adhyAya ke dvitIya pAda taka vaNita hai| AkhyAta vRtti meM dhAturUpoM aura prakriyAoM kA anuzAsana tRtIya adhyAya ke tRtIya pAda se caturtha adhyAya ke caturtha pAda paryanta aura kRvRtti meM kRt pratyaya sambandhI anuzAsana paJcam adhyAya meM nirUpita hai / taddhita vRtti meM taddhita pratyaya, samAsAnta pratyaya, evam nyAya sUtroM kA kathana chaThe aura sAtaveM donoM adhyAyoM meM varNita hai / sAhitya aura vyavahAra kI bhASA meM prayukta sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM kA anuzAsana isa vyAkaraNa meM grathita hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki zabdAnuzAsaka hemacandrAcArya kA vyaktitva adbhuta hai / inhoMne dhAtu aura prAtipadika, prakRti aura pratyaya samAsa aura vAkya, kRt aura taddhita, avyaya aura upasarga prabhRti kA nirUpaNa, vivecana evam vizleSaNa kiyA hai| prathama adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM 'arham, 1 / 1 / 1 yaha maMgala sUtra kahane ke uparAnta 'siddhiHsyAdvAdAt' 1 / 1 / 2 mahatvapUrNa sUtra batalAkara samasta zabdoM kI siddhi, niSpatti aura jJapti bhanekAnta vAda dvArA svIkAra kI hai| tatpazcAt

Page #101
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ 86 'lokAt' 1 / 1 / 3, sUtra kahakara 'zAstra meM anirdiSTa saMjJA lokAcAra se jAnanI cAhiye, kahakara vyApaka dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai / dvitIya pAda meM saMjJA prakaraNa ke anantara lAghavAnusAra varNa kAryoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / 1 / 2 / 3 sUtra dvArA ra, lu ko bhI svara mAnA gayA hai / isameM inakI saralatA eka bar3I upalabdhi hai| tRtIya pAda meM vyaJjana sandhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / ve visarga sandhi kA antarbhAva vyaJjana sandhi meM hI karate haiM / 'ato'ti ro rU:' 1 / 3 / 20 tathA 'ghoSavati' 1 / 3 / 21 sUtroM se spaSTa hai ki inhoMne visarga ko vyaJjana ke antargata hI mAnA hai / isa pAda meM 'ziTayAdyasya dvitIyo vA' 1 / 3 / 56 dvArA khSIramkSIram tathA aphasarA (apsarA) jaise zabdoM kI siddhi pradarzita kI hai| hindI kA khIra zabda hemacandra ke khSIram ke bahuta nikaTa hai| sambhavataH unake samaya isa zabda kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| unhoMne visarga ko pradhAna na mAnakara 'ra' ko hI pradhAna mAnA hai, tathA s aura r ina donoM vyaJjanoM ke dvArA visarga kA nirvAha kiyA hai / yaha yukti saMgata aura vaijJAnika hai / sAtha hI vistAra ko saMkSipta karane kI prakriyA meM naI dizA kI aura saGaketa hai| caturtha pAda meM sAdyanta prakaraNa Arambha hotA hai eka zabda ke sabhI vibhaktiyoM ke samasta rUpoM kI pUrNatayA siddhi na batalAkara sAmAnya vizeSa bhAva se sUtroM kA nibandhana kiyA gayA hai caturthapAda meM zabda rUpoM kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM prathama pAda kA Arambha strIliGga se hotA hai| isa pAda meM vyaJjanAnta zabdoM kA anuzAsana likhA gayA hai / aura isameM sahAyaka taddhita, kRdanta aura tiGanta ke kucha sUtra bhI A gaye haiN| dvitIya pAda meM kAraka prakaraNa hai / kAraka kI paribhASA dekara pANini ke samAna hemacandra ne kAraka kA adhikAra nahIM mAnA hai / pANini kI dRSTi se bahuvat bhAva kArakIya nahIM hai para hemacandra ne kArakIya mAnakara apanI vaijJAnikatA kA paricaya diyA hai| tRtIya pAda meM latva, Satva, Natva vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / pazcAt samAsa, kRdanta taddhita, tiGnta, upasarga, avyaya Adi ke saMyoga aura bhinna sthitiyoM meM Natva bhAva dikhAyA gayA hai / caturthapAda meM strI pratyaya prakaraNa hai / sabhI strI pratyayoM kA anuzAsana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya ke prathama pAda kA varNya-viSaya samAsa hai| dvitIya pAda meM samAsa kI pariziSTa carcA hai / samAsa hone ke bAda tathA samAsa nimittaka anivArya kArya hone ke pazcAt sAmAsika prayogoM meM kucha vizeSa kArya hote haiM yathAsam subluka, ha sva prabhRti niyamoM kA isa prakaraNa meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai /

Page #102
AcArya hemacandra tRtIya pAda kriyA-prakaraNa se sambandha rakhatA hai| hemacandra kA yaha kriyA-prakaraNa pANini kI zailI para nahIM likhA gayA, apitu kalApa yA kAtantra kI zailI para nirmita hai| kAtantra ke samAna hemacandra ne bhI kriyA kI 10 avasthAeM svIkAra kI haiM / pANini ke leT lakAra ko unhoMne sarvathA chor3a diyA hai| caturtha pAda meM pratyaya viziSTa dhAtuoM kA vivaraNa hai| caturtha adhyAya prathama pAda kA Arambha 'dvitva' viSaya ko lekara hotA hai| Age calakara yaha prakaraNa dvitva sAmAnya meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| isa pAda ke antima sUtroM meM kRt pratyayoM kA vidhAna hai / dvitIya pAda isI se sambaddha hai / sabhI prakAra ke vikAroM aura una vikAroM se samutpanna sabhI prakAra kI zabda kI sthitiyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / tRtIya pAda meM guNa aura vRddhi kA niyamana kiyA gayA hai / caturtha pAda meM dhAtuoM kA Adeza-vidhAna hai / AkhyAta sambandhI samasta niyama aura upaniyamoM kA pratipAdana isa pAda meM AyA hai| kucha svarAtmaka tathA vyaJjanAtmaka AgamoM kI carcA hai / paJcam adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM kRdanta pratyayoM kA varNana hai / pANini ne 'kta' tathA 'ktavatu' pratyaya ko 'niSThA' nAma dekara vidhAna kiyA hai| hemacandra ne 'niSThA' saMjJA kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhI aura unhoMne 'ktaktavat' 5 / 1 / 174 'bhUtArthAdAt ghAtoretau syotAm likhakara sIdhe hI ina pratyayoM kA anuzAsana likha diyA hai / dvitIya pAda bhUtArtha paricAyaka hai / vizeSata: 'bhUta' parokSa avasthA ke lie AyA hai| tRtIya pAda meM bhaviSyantI artha meM pratyayoM ke saGa graha kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| caturtha pAda meM vartamAna ke artha meM pratyayoM ke saGgraha kI ceSTA kI gayI hai, kAloM ke prayoga kA anuzAsana kiyA gayA hai / SaSTha adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM taddhita pratyayoM kA varNana hai / isa pAda ke adhikAMza sUtra pANini se bhAva yA zabda athavA donoM meM paryApta sAmya rakhate haiM / udAharaNArtha hemacandra kA "gargAderyaJa 6 / 1 / 42 pANinIya sUtra'' gargAdibhyoM yA 4 / 1 / 105 se sAmya rakhatA hai| dvitIya pAda meM rakta samUha evaM avayava vikAra Adi artha meM taddhita pratyayoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| jaise "cakSuSeidaM cAkSuSaM rUpam", " azvAya ayaM AzvArathaH" ityAdi / tRtIya pAda meM apatyAdi athI se bhinna prAg jAtIya artha meM vakSyamANa pratyaya hote haiN| yaha anuzAsana anya vyAkaraNoM ke samAna hI hai / hemacandra kI zailI anuzAsana ke kSetra meM anya vaiyAkaraNoM kI apekSA bhinna hai| unhoMne eka artha meM prayukta hone vAle pratyayoM ke vidhAyaka sUtroM ko eka sAtha rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isake vipa

Page #103
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ rIta pANini ne eka pratyaya vidhAyaka sUtroM ko eka sAtha rakhane kI ceSTA kI hai / hemacandra kI arthAnusAra pratyaya vidhAyaka sUtra zailI hai / caturtha pAda taddhita kAhI zeSa hai / 1 saptam adhyAya ke prathama pAda ko Arambha 'ya' pratyaya se huA hai / pUrvokta arthoM ke atirikta jo artha zeSa raha gaye haiM, una arthoM meM sAmAnyatayA 'ya' pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| hemacandra kI yaha pratyaya- prakriyA pANini kI apekSA sarala hai / pANini ne kucha zabdoM ke Age Thak, ThajJa Adi pratyaya kiye hai, tathA Tha ko ik karane ke lie 'ThasyekaH' 7|3|50 sUtra likhA hai, kintu hemacandra ne sIdhe hI ik kara diyA hai| unakI yaha prakriyA lAghava zabdAnuzAsana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai / dvitIya pAda kA mukhya varNya viSaya saMjJA vizeSaNa banAnA hai / isa pAda meM jahA~ sUtroM se kAma nahIM calA hai, vahA~ vRtti ke AdezoM se kAma liyA hai | udAharaNArtha vAcAla yA vAgmI banAne ke lie pANini ne byartha adhika bolane vAle ke lie 'vAcAla' zabda banAyA hai| hemacandra ne vAca lATI' 7 2 24, kI vRtti meM 'kSepegamye' arthAt alpratyaya nindA artha meM hotA hai / tRtIya pAda meM pradhAnataH samAsAnta taddhita pratyayoM kA saGgraha hai / caturthaM pAda meM mukhya rUpa se taddhita pratyayoM ke A jAne ke bAda svara meM jo vikRti hotI hai usIkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / dvitva taddhita meM pluta kA sanniveza hemacandra kI maulikatA pragaTa karatA hai, jisakA pANinIya zAstra meM bilakula abhAva hai / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki hemacandra ke samaya meM isa prakAra ke plutoM kA prayoga bar3ha gayA thA / jinakA saGagrathana karake hemacandra ko apanI bhASA - zAstrIya pratibhA ke pradarzana kA avasara milA / siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana ke 8 veM adhyAya meM prAkRta bhASA kA anuzAsana likhA gayA hai| AcArya hema kA prAkRta vyAkaraNa samasta upalabdha prAkRta byAkaraNoM meM sabase adhika pUrNa aura vyavasthita hai / isake 4 pAda haiM / prathama pAda meM 271 sUtra haiM, inameM sandhi, vyaJjanAnta, zabda, anusvAra, liGga, visarga, svaravyatyaya aura vyaJjanavyatyaya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya pAda ke 218 sUtroM meM saMyukta vyaJjanoM ke parivartana, samIkaraNa, svara-bhakti, varNa-vaiparyaya, zabdAdeza, taddhita, nipAta, aura anyayoM kA nirUpaNa hai / tRtIya pAda meM 182 sUtra haiM jinameM kAraka, vibhaktiyoM tathA kriyA - racanA sambandhI niyamoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / cauthe pAda meM 448 sUtra haiM / caturtha pAda ke 328 sUtra taka ArSa (mahArASTrI prAkRta) zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI aura cUlikA paizAcI kI vizeSatAoM kI

Page #104
AcArya hemacandra carcA hai| sUtra 326 se 448 sUtra taka apabhraMza bhASA kI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / antima do sUtroM meM yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki prAkRta meM ukta lakSaNoM kA vyatyaya bhI pAyA jAtA hai tathA jo bAta vahA~ nahIM batalAI gayI hai, use saMskRtavat siddha samajhanA caahiye| sUtroM ke atirikta vRtti bhI svayaM hema ne likhI hai / isa vRtti meM sUtragata lakSaNoM ko bar3I vizadatA se udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA gayA hai / Adi ke prAstAvika sUtra "atha prAkRtam" kI vRtti vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / isameM granthakAra ne prAkRta zabda kI vyutpatti yaha dI hai ki prakRti saMskRta hai aura usase utpanna va Agata prAkRta, ata: AcArya hema prAkRta zabdoM kA anuzAsana saMskRta zabdoM ke rUpoM ko Adarza mAnakara kiyA hai / hema ke mata se prAkRta zabda tIna prakAra ke haiM- tatsam, tadbhava, aura dezI tatsama aura zabdo ko chor3akara zeSa tadbhava zabdoM kA anuzAsana isa vyAkaraNa dvArA kiyA gayA hai / AcArya hema ne ArSam 81113 sUtra meM ArSa prAkRta kA nAmollekha kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai "ArSa prAkRtaM bahulaM bhavati, tadapi yathAsthAnaM darzayiSyAmaH / ArSe hi sarve vidhayo vikalpayante" arthAt adhika prAcIna prAkRta ArSa Agamika prAkRta hai / isameM prAkRta ke niyama vikalpa se pravRta hote haiM / hema kA prAkRta vyAkaraNa racanA-zailI aura viSayAnukrama ke lie prAkRtalakSaNa' aura 'prAkRta - prakAza' kA AbhArI hai / para hema ne viSaya vistAra meM bar3I paTutA dikhalAyI hai | aneka naye niyamoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai / granthana zailI bhI hema kI caNDa aura varuruci kI apekSA pariSkRta hai / tathApi 'hema' vyAkaraNa meM prAyaH sabhI prakriyAe~ adhika vistAra se batalAyI gayIM haiM aura unameM kaI vidhiyoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai jo svAbhAvika hai / kyoMki hemacandra ke sammukha varuruci kI apekSA lagabhaga pA~ca-chaH zatiyoM kA bhASAtmaka vikAsa aura sAhitya upasthita thA; jisakA unhoMne pUrA upayoga kiyA hai / cUlikA paizAcI aura apabhraMza kA ullekha varuruci meM nahIM kiyaa| cUlikA aura apabhraMza kI anuzAsana hema kA apanA hai / apabhraMza bhASA kA niyamana 116 sUtroM meM svatantra rUpa se kiyA hai | udAharaNoM meM apabhraMza ke pUre ke pUre dohe uddhRta kara naSTa hote hue vizAla sAhitya kA unhoMne saMrakSaNa kiyA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki AcArya hema ke samaya ne prAkRta bhASA kA bahuta adhika vikAsa ho gayA thA aura usakA vizAla sAhitya vidyamAna thA / ataH unhoMne vyAkaraNa kI prAcIna para mparA ko apanAkara bhI aneka naye anuzAsana upasthita kiye haiM / ataH isa bAre meM do mata hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA ki hemacandra ne e2

Page #105
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ apabhraza kA vyAkaraNa likhakara bahuta bar3A aitihAsika kAma kiyA / Adhunika yuga meM apabhraza kI jo khoja-khabara ho sakI usakA bhI zreya ise hI hai| saMkSipta hote hue bhI vyAkaraNa ke sabhI aGagoM kA samAveza usameM hai| sarvaprathama svaravyaJjanoM kA vicAra hai. phira vibhaktiyoM aura kriyApadoM kA / usake anantara ghAtvAdeza, avyaya, kriyA, vizeSaNa, svArthika pratyaya, bhAvavAcaka saMjJA, kriyArthaka kriyA, pUrvakAlika kriyA aura liGagAnuzAsana para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jo bAteM apabhraza vyAkaraNa meM chUTa gayI hoM ve prAkRta se samajha lenI cAhiye, aura jo prAkRta meM na hoM, ve saMskRta se / hemacandra ke samaya apabhraMza rUr3ha ho cukI thii| hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM yogIndra kRta 'paramAtma prakAza' ke kucha dohe pAye jAte haiM / vaise hI rAmasiMha munikRta 'pAhuDa dohA' ke 4 / 5 dohe atyalpa parivartana ke sAtha hema ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM pAye jAte haiM / AcArya hemacandra kI apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa para bhI prakAzikA nAma kI svopana vRtti hai / isa para aura bhI TIkAe~ haiM / udaya saubhAgya gaNI ne hemacandrIya vRtti para hema 'prAkRta vRtti DhuMDhikA' nAma kI TIkA likhI hai / naracandra sUri ne bhI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI TIkA banAyI hai / 'kazcit', 'kecit,' 'anye', Adi zabdoM ke prayoga se mAlUma hotA hai ki hemacandra ne apane se pahale ke vyAkaraNakAroM se bhI sAmagrI lI hai / yahA~ mAgadhI kA vivecana karate hue prasaGagavaza eka niyama ardha-mAgadhI ke lie bhI de diyA hai / isake anusAra ardha mAgadhI meM pulliMga kartA ke eka vacana meM 'a' ke sthAna meM 'e' kAra ho jAtA hai| isameM apabhraza kA vistRta vivecana hai| apabhraza ke aneka ajJAta granthoM se zRgAra, nIti, aura vairAgya sambandhI sarasa dohe uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| 2. dhAtupATha - AcArya hemacandra ne apane vyAkaraNa ke sambaddha sabhI aGagoM (khiloM) kA vivecana kiyo hai / usake antargata dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, uNAdi, pATha kA pravacana bhI sammilita hai| unhoMne apane dhAtupATha para hema dhAtu pArAyaNa athavA svopajJa dhAtu vivaraNa nAmaka svatantra rUpa se svopajJa grantha likha / kara vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai / isake sivAya guNaratna sUri (saM0 1466) vinayavijayagaNI ne hemadhAtu pATha para vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiM / hemacandra ne apanI vRtti meM dhAtu-prakRti ko do prakAra kI mAnA hai-zuddhA aura pratyayAntA / unhoMne pratyeka dhAtu ke sAtha anubandha kI bhI carcA kI hai / aniT dhAtuoM meM anusvAra ko anubandha mAnA hai / unhoMne pANini ke dhAtu anubandhoM meM paryApta ulaTa-phera kiyA 1- bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna-DA0 hIrAlAla jaina pRSTha 118

Page #106
.. AcArya hemacandra hai / haima dhAtupATha meM kula 1680 dhAtue~ upalabdha haiM / unake kucha dhAtuoM ke artha bahuta hI sundara haiM / ina arthoM se bhASA sambandhI aneka pravRttiyA~ jJAta hotI haiM / udAharaNArtha DuvapI-bIja santAna artha meM, phakva-nigIrNa artha meM / ata: AcArya hemacandra kA ghAtupATha jJAnavardhaka hone ke sAtha manoraMjaka bhI hai| 3. gaNapATha- vijayanItisUri ne 'siddha hemavRhat prakriyA' meM hemacandra ke sabhI gaNapATha diye haiN| hemacandrAcArya ne gaNanirdeza meM prAyaH zakiTAyana kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| phira bhI katipaya sthAnoM meM svopajJa aMza bhI hai / katipaya naye gagoM kA nirdhAraNa bhI kiyA hai / udAharaNArtha pANini ke 'sAyaM ciraM' 4 / 3 / 23 ke lie 'sAyAlhAdi' 3 / 1153 gaNa kI kalpanA kii| kahIM nAma pari. vartana pAyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha :-pANini,-caturthI tadarthArtha 2 | 1 | 36, pAlyakIti arthAdi " 2/1 | 36, hemacandra hitAdi , 3 / 1 / 71, gaNapATha ke tattat gaNoM meM pUrvAcArya svIkRta prAyaH sabhI pAThAntaroM kA hemacandra ne apane gaNapATha meM saGgraha kara diyA hai / prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM unakI yaha saGagrahAtmaka pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / gaNa pATha para koI svatantra vyAkhyA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai / tathApi katipaya gaNoM ke zabdoM kI vyAkhyA unake bRhannyAsa meM upalabdha hotI hai / 4. uNAdipATha- AcArya hemacandra ne apane vyAkaraNa se sambaddha 'uNAdi' pATha kA pravacana kiyA hai tathA usa para svayaM vivRtti bhI likhI hai| yaha uNAdi pATha sabase adhika vistRta haiM / isameM 1006 sUtra haiM, vyAkhyA bhI paryApta vistRta hai, isameM 28,000 zlaMka haiM / 'hemoNAdi' vRtti hemacandra kI bRhadvRtti kA saMkSepa rUpa hai| eka avacUrI TIkA bhI vikrama vijaya muni ne sampAdita kI hai| hemacandra ne svopajJa uNAdi vRtti meM dazapAdI ke aneka pAThoM kA nAma-nirdeza ke binA ullekha kiyA hai / isa prakAra unhoMne uNAdi pratyayoM kA anuzAsana kiyA hai| uNAdi dvArA niSpanna kitane hI aise zabda haiM jinase hindI, gujarAtI aura marAThI bhASA kI aneka pravRttiyoMpara prakAza par3atA hai| jaise karkara-kAMkara-kaMkaGa, gargarIgAgara, dravaro-guNa- DorA ityAdi / 5. liGgAnuzAsana- hemacandra kA liGagAnuzAsana sabhI liGagAnuzAsanoM kI apekSA vistRta hai| isameM vividha chandoyukta 138 zloka haiM / unhoMne eka bRhata svopajJa vivaraNa bhI likhA hai, jisameM 3684 zloka haiN| isake sivAya kanakaprabha (vi0 13 vIM zatI), jayAnandasUri, kerUravijaya, vallabhagaNI (1661)

Page #107
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ ne bhI hemaliGgAnuzAsana para vRtti likhI hai | zloka vivaraNa nimna anusAra hai| pulliMgAdhikAra 1-17, strI-liGaga dhikAra 18-50, napuMsaka liGagAdhikAra 5174 puMstrI liGagAH 75-86, puM napuMsakaliGgAH 87-122 strI napuMsaka liGagAH 123-127 svataH strI liGagAdhikAra 128-133 ora upasaMhAra 134-538 / isa prakAra saMskRta bhASA kA paJcAGaga paripUrNa anuzAsana karane ke lie hemacandra ne 'haimAliGagAnuzAnam' likhA hai| unakA yaha liGagAnuzAsana apane DhaGga kA nirAlA hai / liGa gAnuzAsana ke abhAva meM unakA zabdAnuzAsana adhUrA hI raha jAtA hai / ata: sAmAnya-vizeSa lakSaNoM dvArA liGga kA anuzAsana unhoMne kiyA hai| unake isa liGa gAnuzAsana meM jitane adhika zabdoM kA saGgraha hai utane adhika zabda kisI bhI liGa gAnuzAsana meM nahIM Aye haiN| AcArya hemacandra ke pUrva pANini kA liGagAnuzAsana, amarakavi kA amarakoSAntargata liGagAnuzAsana tathA anubhUti-svarUpAcArya kA liGagAnuzAsana upalabdha hai / hemacandra ne apanA liGagAnuzAsana amarakoSa kI zailI ke AdhAra para likhA hai / padya-baddhatA ke sAtha isameM strIliGaga, pulliGaga aura napuMsakaliGaga ina tInoM liGgoM meM zabdoM kA vargIkaraNa bhI bahuta aMzoM meM amarakavi ke DhaGga kA hai / itanA hone para bhI hemaliGgAnuzAsana kI apanI vizeSatAe~ haiM (1) hemacandra ne apane liGgAnuzAsana meM vizAla zabda-rAzi kA saMgraha kiyA hai / ina zabdoM ke sArtha saGakalana se eka bRhada zabda-koza taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne rucira, lalita, komala zabdoM ke sAtha kaTu, kaThora zabdoM kA bhI saGakalana kara liGa gajJAna ko sahaja, sulabha, bodha-gamya banAne kA advitIya prayAsa kiyA hai| (2) zabdoM kA saGa graha vibhinna sAmyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| (a) zabda-sAmya ke AdhAra para, (A) artha-sAmya ke AdhAra para (i) viSaya ke AdhAra para (I) antya akArAdi vargoM ke krama para (u) sAmAnyatayA pratyayoM ke AdhAra para aura (U) vastu vizeSa kI samatA ke AdhAra para / (3) vizeSaNa ke vibhinna liGa goM kI bhI carcA kI gayoM hai / eka zeSa dvArA zabdoM ke liGganirNaya kI carcA kI hai| isameM hemacandra kI nitAnta maulikatA hai| (4) vibhinnArthaka zabdoM kA prayoga eka sAtha anuprAsa lAne tathA lAlitya utpanna karane ke lie kiyA hai| pANini ko apekSA haimAliGa gAnuzAsana meM zailI-gata bhinnatA ke atirikta aura bhI kaI navInatAe~ vidyamAna haiM / pANinIya liGa gAnuzAsana ko samUcA

Page #108
AcArya hemacandra hI pratyayoM ke AdhAra para saGa kalita hai para hemacandra ne kucha hI zabdoM kA cayana pratyayoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai / pANini ne pratyayoM kI carcA kara prAyaH taddhitAnta zabdoM aura kRdantAnta kA hI saGakalana kiyA hai aura yaha saGkalana hemacandra kI apekSA bahuta choTA hai / hemacandra ne nAdAnukaraNa kA AdhAra lekara zabda ke antaraGga aura bahiraGa ga ko pahacAnane kI ceSTA kI hai| unakA tInoM liGa goM meM zabdoM kA pUrvokta dizA-krama se nirdeza karanA unake saphala vaiyAkaraNa hone kA pramANa hai| ataeva vaiyAkaraNa hemacandra kA mahatva zabdAnuzAsana ke lie jitanA hai, usase kahIM adhika liGa gAnuzAsana ke lie hai| liGagAnuzAsana meM adhikRta zabdoM kA vivecana, unakI viziSTatA, krama-baddhatA Adi kA sUcaka hai| hemacandra kA zabda saGakalana vaijJAnika hai, udAharaNArtha - dhra vakA kSipakA kanInikA zambUkA zivikA gavedhukA / kaNikA kekA vipAdikA, mahikA, yUkA makSikASTakA / / vRcikA, kUcikA, TIkA, kAzikA keNikomikA / jalaukA prAvikA dhUkA kAlikA dIdhikoSTrikA // isameM eka sAmya antima svaroM meM bhI milatA hai| uparyukta sabhI zabdoM meM bhI antima 'A' varNa kA sAmya vidyamAna hai / hemacandra ne tIsare prakAra kA zabdasaGgraha zabda-sAmya ke AdhAra para kiyA hai / zabda-sAmya kA yaha AdhAra kevala antima zabdoM meM hI nahIM milatA, apitu kahIM-kahIM to nAdAnukaraNa bhI milatA hai| udAharaNArtha gundrA mudrA kSudrA bhadrA bhastrA chatrA yAtrA mAtrA daMSTrA phelA velA melA golA zAlA mAlA / / 21 / / mekhalA sidhmalA lIlA rasAlA survalA blaa| kuhAlA zaMkulA helA zilA suvarcalA kalA // 22 / / (strIliGaga prakaraNa) ataH hemacandra ne zabda saGkalana kA eka pramukha krama zabda-sAmya mAnA hai| phira bhI artha-sAmya ke AdhAra para bhI hemacandra ne zabdoM kA saGgraha kiyA hai / aga-vAcaka, pazu-pakSI-vAcaka, dAsa-vAcaka, dala-vAcaka, vRkSa-vAcaka, pallava, puSpa, zAkhA-vAcaka tathA vastu-vAcaka zabdoM kA arthAnusArI saGakalana kiyA gayA hai| udA0 hastastanauSTa nakhadantakapola gulpha kezAnghuguccha divasartupatad grahaNAm niryAsanAkara sakaNTha kuThAra koSTha haimAri varSa viSavolasthA zanInAm ||pullingg|

Page #109
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ isameM aGagavAcI zabdoM kA saGakalana kiyA gayA hai| antima varNa-sAmya para hI prAyaH zabdoM kA saGakalana hotA hai| ina zabdoM ke krama meM lAlitya evaM anuprAsa kA bhI pUrA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / jaise kapura, nUpura, kuTIra, vihAra, vAra ityAdi / hemacandra ne isa liGagAnuzAsana meM pulliMgI, strIliGagI, napuMsakaliGagI, puMstrIliGgI, punapuMsakaliGagI, strIklIbaliGgI, svataH strIliGagI aura paraliGagI zabdoM kA saGagraha kiyA hai| puM strIliGagI zabdoM ke saGakalana meM pulliGagI zabdoM ko batalAkara unhIM kA strIliGagI rUpa grahaNa karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| hemacandra ne svataH strIliGago zabdoM kA eka pRthaka prakaraNa rakhA hai, yaha prakaraNa nitAnta maulika hai / nakSatra artha meM azvinI, citrA Adi svataH strIlaGaga hai / hemacandra ne dvadva samAsa meM, apatyartha meM, svArtha meM prakRtyartha meM paraliGga kA nirdeza kiyA hai / isa taraha hema liGagAnuzAsana pulliGaga, strIliGaga aura napuMsaka liGagavAcI zabdoM kI pUrNa jAnakArI karAne meM sakSama hai| chando'nuzAsana- chanda-zAstra kI paramparA meM AcArtha hemacandra ne bhI chando'nuzAsana kI racanA kii| isakA ullekha 'chandacUDAmaNi' nAma se bhI AtA hai| yaha racanA 8 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai aura usa para svopajJa TIkA bhI hai| isa racanA meM hemacandra ne jaisA unhoMne apane vyAkaraNAdi granthoM meM kiyA hai, yathAzakti apane samaya taka AviSkRta tathA pUrvAcAryoM dvArA nirUpita samasta saMskRta, prAkRta, aura apabhraMza chandoM kA samAveza kara dene kA prayatna kiyA hai; bhale hI ve unake samaya meM prayoga meM Ate rahe hoM yA nahIM / bharata aura piGagala ke sAtha unhoMne svayaMbhU kA bhI Adara pUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| mANDavya, bharata, kazyapa, saitava, jayadeva Adi prAcIna chanda-zAstra praNetAoM ke ullekha bhI kiye haiM / unhoMne chandoM ke lakSaNa to saMskRta meM likhe haiM kintu unake udAharaNa unake prayogAnusAra saMskRta, prAkRta yA apabhraMza meM diye haiM / udAharaNa unake svanirmita hai| kahIM se uddhRta kiye hue nhiiN| isameM 'rasagaGagAdhara' ke samAna saba kucha AcArya hemacandra kA apanA hai| hemavandra ne aneka aise prAkRta-chandoM ke nAma lakSaNa aura udAharaNa bhI diye haiM jo svayambhU chandas meM nahIM pAye jAte / svayambhU ne jahA~ 1 se 26 akSaroM taka ke vRttoM ke lagabhaga 100 bheda kiye haiM, vahA~ hemacandra ne unake 286 bheda-prabheda batalAye haiN| jinameM 'daNDaka' sammilita nahIM hai / saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke samasta chandoM ke zAstrIya lakSaNoM va udAharaNoM ke lie yaha racanA eka mahAkoza kA kArya karatI hai| hemacandra ne apane chando'nuzAsana meM jayadevakRta chandovRtti kA ullekha

Page #110
18 AcArya hemacandra kiyA hai| hemacandra ke chando'nuzAsana meM ullekha kiyA hai ki jayadeva yativAdI the aura inhoMne chandanAma-narkuTaka sarvaprathama diyA hai / hemacandra ke chando'nuzAsana meM prApta hone vAlI kitanI hI kavitAe~, kitane hI naye chanda 'svayambhU chanda' meM prathamataH dekhane ko milate haiN| hemacandra ne nAgavarmA (10 vIM zatI) dvArA racita chandobudhi' (kAnaDI) meM varNita aGgaruci ityAdi naye chandoM ke nAma bhI apane chando'nuzAsana meM diye haiM / yadyapi unhoMne unake nAmakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai 'chando'nuzAsana kI racanA nizcit rUpa se 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ke pazcAt huI, yaha svayaM hemacandra ke kathana se spaSTa hotA hai| chando'nuzAsana meM kula 763 sUtra haiM jo 8 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta haiM / vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai - prathama adhyAya -sUtra 16, saMjJAdhyAya, dvitIya adhyAya-sUtra 415 samavRtta vyAvarNana, tRtIya adhyAya- sUtra 73, arthasamavRtta, viSamavRtta, mAtrAchanda; caturtha adhyAya-sUtra 61-AryA galitaka, khaJjaka, zIrSaka; paJcama adhyAya-mUtra 46utsAha chanda tathA anya; SaSTha adhyAya-sUtra 26-SaTpadI, catuSpadI; saptama adhyAya-sUtra 73, dvipadI tathA aSTam adhyAya-sUtra 17-prastarAdi vyAvarNana / 'chando'nuzAsana' se bhArata ke vibhinna rAjyoM meM pracalita chandoM para prakAza par3a sakatA hai / isa grantha meM prastuta udAharaNoM ke adhyayana se hemacandra kA gIti-kAvya meM siddhahasta honA bhI mAlUma par3atA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne 'chando'nuzAsana' meM virahAka, svayaMbhU, rAjazekhara Adi ke prati RNI haiN| mahArASTra ke prakhyAta kavi ke0 mAdhava jyuliyana athavA DA0 paTavardhana ne "chando-racanA' nAmaka saMzodhana prabandha meM pRSTha 555 para hemacandra ke chando'nuzAsana ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki "chando'nuzAsana' nAmaka grantha meM AcArya hemacandra ne vRtta-chandoM kA eka bar3A saGgraha kara rakhA hai| isameM Apa sUtra paddhati kA hI avalamba karate haiN| udAharaNArtha "matnAyi : kusumitalatA vellitA : Dace :" ya gaNa lagAtAra tIna bAra AtA hai, isaliye yakAra tIsare svara se yukta hai, ka se Da paJcamAkSara tathA ca yaha SaSThAkSara hai| ataH "DacaiH" sUtra se isa vRtta kI pahalI yati 5 akSaroM para tathA dUsarI yati (virAma) 6 akSaroM para aise do vibhAga hote haiM, yaha tAtparya nikalatA hai| sUtra-paddhati kI yaha vizeSatA, tathA vRtta-jAti saGagraha kI vizAlatA-ina do bAtoM ke atirikta 'chando'nuzAsana' meM vizeSa kucha bhI nahIM hai / hemacandra sAdhAraNataH svaracita udAharaNa dete haiM / ve bar3e saGagrAhaka haiM / chandoM ko yadi bhinna nAma kisI ne diye haiM to ve mAvadhAnI rakhakara nirdeza karate haiM / kvacit prasaGaga meM nAma dene vAle kA nAma

Page #111
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ 66 bhI batAte haiM / isa prakAra unhoMne bharata, jayadeva, svayambhU, ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / dohA jAti kA lakSaNa kahate samaya hemacandra virahAGaka ke samAna apanA mata dete haiN| zrI e0bI0 kItha ne 'saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa' meM hemacandra ke chandonuprazAsana ke viSaya meM apanA mata prakaTa kiyA hai ki 'alaGakAra zAstra ke prAcIna sampradAya meM yamakoM para vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura ve prAkRta meM bahadhA prApta hote haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne prAkRta meM prAyaH prayukta hone vAle galatika chanda ke lie paktiyoM ke anta meM yamakoM ke prayoga ko nirdhArita kara diyA hai / unhoMne apane chando'nuzAsana meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai aura ise anuprAsa hai rUpa se yamaka meM bhinna batalAyA hai| unake chando'nuzAsana se prAkRta chandoM para prakAza par3atA hai / hemacandra ne apabhraza ke kucha gIti padyoM kA udAharaNa diyA hai / ve bahuta kucha 'hAla' racita padyoM ke samAna hI hai / eka yuvatI yAcanA karatI hai ki usakA premI usake pAsa lauTA lAyA jAya, agni ghara ko cAhe bhasmasAta karade, para manuSyoM ko agni to avazya hI cAhiye / eka anya strI ko prasannatA hai ki usakA pati vIratA-pUrvaka yuddha bhUmi meM mArA gayA, yadi vaha apamAnita hokara lauTatA to patnI ke lie lajjA kI bAta hotI / vyAsa evaM anya mahaSiyoM ke vacanoM dvArA mAtA kA Adara karane ke lie bar3I acchI taraha se upadeza diyA gayA hai| namratApUrvaka bhakti ke sAtha mAtA ke caraNoM para girane ko ve gaGagA ke pavitra jala meM snAna karane ke tulya mAnate haiN| yadyapi saMskRta sAhitya kI dRSTi se chando'nuzAsana ke rUpa meM AcArya hemacandra kI dena vizeSa pratIta nahIM hotI, phira bhI prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASA kI dRSTi se unakI dena ullekhanIya hai / saMskRta-sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI AcArya hemacandra eka bar3e saMgrAhaka kahe jA sakate haiM / zrI eca.DI. velanakara dvArA sampAdita, bhAratIya vidyA-bhavana dvArA prakAzita, 'chando'nuzAsana' kIbhUmikA meM muni-jinaviNayajI ne vAGgamaya 'chando'nuzAsana' kA ucita evaM sArthaka mUlyAGkana kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM, 'saMskRta meM Aja taka jitane bhI chando racanA viSayaka grantha prApta hue haiM una sabameM kali-kAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra viracita chando'nuzAsana nAmaka grantha sarvazreSTha hai, aisA kathana karane meM koI atyukti nahIM hogii| zabdAnuzAsana; kAvyAnuzAsana, chando'nuzAsana, liGgAnuzAsana-ye cAra anuzAsana tathA do dvayAzraya kAvya 1 'bhallA huA ju mAriA vahiNI mhArA kantu / lajjeNaM tuvayaM siahaM jai bhaggA ghara eM tu||

Page #112
100 AcArya hemacandra milAkara sampUrNa lakSaNA evaM sAhitya-vidyA kA kSetra pUrNa ho jAtA hai| hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa granthoM kA mahatva- vyAkaraNa zAstra ke itihAsa meM hemacandra ke granthoM kA sthAna advitIya evaM mahatvapUrNa hai / hemacandra kA prabhAva uttarakAlIna jaina vyAkaraNoM para vizeSa pdd'aa| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM to isa vyAkaraNa ke paThana-pATana kI vyavasthA bhI rahI hai| unake zabdAnuzAsana para aneka TIkA-TippaNI kI gayI hai| hema vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para bhI aneka grantha race gaye haiM / Aja bhI zvetAmbara sampradAya ke kaI AcArya hema ke AdhAra para vyAkaraNa grantha likha rahe haiM / DA0 velanakara ne apane grantha meM 8-10 vyAkhyAkAroM ke nAma diye haiN| yathA; 1, laghunyAsa - rAmacandra gaNI, 2, tyAsoddhAra - tanakaprabha; 3, hemalaghuvRtikAkala kAyastha, 4, hemadurgapada prabodha- jJAnavimala ziSya vallabha; 5, bRhavRtti avacUri - abhayacandra, 6, laghuvRtti avacuri - ghanacandra; 7, laghuvRtti DhUMDhikAmuni zekharasUri, 8, bRhad vRttidIpikA-vidyAghara / inake atirikta saubhAgyasAgara udayasaubhAgya, jayAnanda, puNyasundara, guNaratna, jinaprabha, hemahaMsa amaracandra ne hema vyAkaraNoM se sambaddha grantha likhe haiM / AcArya hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa uttara-kAlIna samasta vyAkaraNa granthoM meM maulika siddha huA hai| hemacandra ke bAda pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana bhI prakriyA granthoM ke AdhAra para hone lagA auraa tizIghra sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM prasiddha ho gyaa| 16 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda aSTAdhyAyI krama se adhyayana prAyaH lupta ho gyaa| hemacandra ke paravartI vaiyAkaraNoM para dRSTipAta karane se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| hemacandra ke paravartI vaiyAkaraNoM meM sArasvata vyAkaraNakAra bopadeva Adi vizeSa prasiddha haiM / prakriyA granthoM meM bhaTTo jI dIkSita kI 'siddhAnta kaumudI' itanI prasiddha huI ki samasta bhAratavarSa meM 'siddhAnta-kaumudI' ke AdhAra para hI vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana hone lgaa| vyAkaraNa-zAstra ke itihAsa meM AcArya hemacandra kA nAma suvarNAkSaroM se likhA jAtA hai, kyoMki ve saMskRta zabdAnuzAsana ke antima racayitA haiM / inake sAtha hI uttarabhArata meM saMskRta ke utkRSTa maulika granthoM kA racanAkAla samApta ho jAtA hai / rAjanItika uthala-puthala meM prAcIna granthoM ke rakSArtha una para TIkATippaNI likhane kA krama barAbara pracalita rahA hai| choTe-choTe vyAkaraNa bhI race gaye / ataeva saMskRta vyAkaraNa granthoM meM hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa granthoM kA mahatva anyatama hai - (1) jisa prakAra vyAkaraNa zAstra meM bhagavAna pANini ne apanI para

Page #113
hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa racanAe~ 101 mparA kA nirmANa kiyA, usI prakAra 12 vIM zatAbdI meM saMskRta ke antima mahAvaiyAkaraNa AcArya hemacandra ne saMskRta vyAkaraNa paramparA meM hema sampradAya banAyA / jisa prakAra pANini ne antima adhyAya meM vaidika zabdoM kA anuzAsana kiyA hai, usI prakAra hemacandra ne aSTam adhyAya meM prAkRta byAkaraNa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai jo adyAvadhi apUrva evaM advitIya hai / (2) apabhraMza kA vyAkaraNa to hemacandra kI apUrva dena hai / saMskRta kA 'kSaNa' zabda artha-dvayavAcI hai - samaya tathA utsava / hema ne utsava vAcI kSaNa meM 'kSa' ke sthAna para 'cha' kA Adeza kiyA hai tathA samayavAcI meM 'kha' kA Adeza kiyA hai| unakA yaha anuzAsana unheM saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM hI bhASAoM ke vaiyAkaraNoM meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna pradAna karatA hai / (3) hemacandra ne udAharaNoM ke lie apabhraza ke prAcIna dohoM ko rakhA hai| isase prAcIna sAhitya kI prakRti aura vizeSatAoM kA sahaja meM patA laga jAtA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vibhinna sAhityika, rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa bhASA meM kisa prakAra parivartana hote (4) hemacandra ho sabase pahale aise vaiyAkaraNa haiM, jinhoMne apabhraMza bhASA ke sambandha meM itanA vistRta anuzAsana upasthita kiyA hai / lakSyoM meM pUre-pUre dohe diye jAne se luptaprAyaH mahatvapUrNa sAhitya ke udAharaNa surakSita raha sake haiN| bhASA kI samasta navIna pravRttiyoM kA niyamana, prarUpaNa, aura vivecana inake apabhraMza vyAkaraNa meM vidyamAna hai / hemacandra ne apane samaya meM vibhinna pradezoM meM pracalita upabhASA aura vibhASAoM kA saMvidhAna bhI upasthita kiyA hai tathA apabhraza ko amara banA diyA hai| apabhraza se hI hindI ke parasarga, dhAtucihna, avyaya, taddhita, kRt pratyayoM kA nirgamana huA hai| unhoMne apane samaya kI pracalita bhASA ko AdhAra mAnakara akAra lopa kA vaikalpika anuzAsana kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha lapo'khye / 1 / 4 se jJAta hotA hai ki hema ke samaya meM raNaM aura araNNaM ye donoM prayoga hote the| dadhi yatra bhI sAdhu prayoga thaa| trayambaka kI mUla prakRti triyambaka hai| kAnIna kI vAstavika mUla prakRti kanInA hai, kanyA nhiiN| (5) dezaja zabdoM kA pUrI taraha saGakalana dezI nAmamAlA meM hai| (6) AcArya hemacandra kI kRtiyoM meM zabda-vijJAna, prakRti-pratyaya-vijJAna vAkya-vijJAna Adi sabhI bhASA-vaijJAnika tatva upalabdha haiN| inake vyAkaraNa meM

Page #114
102 AcArya hemacandra prAcIna aura Adhunika donoM hI prakAra kI dhvaniyoM kI samyaka vivecanA kI gayI hai| hema kA prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana vyAkaraNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha bhASA-vijJAna bhI hai| (7) Adhunika Arya-bhASAoM kI pramukha pravRttiyoM kA astitva bhI hema meM vartamAna hai| saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNoM meM sarvAGgapUrNatA, vaijJAnikatA kI dRSTi se hemacandra kA sthAna advitIya hai / inakI sadbhAvanAyeM navIna aura tarka-saGagata haiN|

Page #115
adhyAya-4 alaGkAra grantha hemacandra ke alaGkAra grantha - 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kA vivecana saMskRta alaGkAra granthoM kI paramparA meM AcArya hemacandra ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' grantha kI racanA kii| kAvyAnuzAsana kI prAmANika AvRtti 'kAvyamAlA sirIja' meM prakAzita huI hai| mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya dvArA bhI sirIja meM 'kAvyAnuzAsana' prakAzita kiyA gayA hai, jisameM DA0 rasikalAla pArIkha kI prastAvanA evaM Ara0 vhI0 AThavale kI vyAkhyA hai| 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM rAjA kumArapAla kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai / ataH yaha nizcit hai ki siddharAja jayasiMha ke jIvanakAla meM hI 'zabdAnuzAsana' ke pazcAt 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI racanA huI / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ke tIna pramukha bhAga haiM-1. sUtra (gadya meM), 2, vyAkhyA aura 3, vRtti (sodAharaNa) / kAvyAnuzAsana meM kula sUtra 208 haiM / inhIM sUtroM ko 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kahA jAtA hai / sUtroM kI vyAkhyA karane vAlI vyAkhyA ala kAracUDAmaNi nAma pracalita hai, aura isa vyAkhyA ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie udAharaNoM ke sAtha viveka nAmaka vRtti likhI gyii| tInoM ke kartA AcArya hemacandra hI haiN| isa prakAra sUtra, alaGakAracUDAmaNi evaM vivekavRtti tInoM hI kAvyAnuzAsana ke vicAra kSetra meM Ate haiM / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' 8 adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama adhyAya meM 25 sUtra, dvitIya adhyAya meM 56, tRtIya meM 10,

Page #116
104 AcArya hemacandra caturtha meM 6, paJcam adhyAya meM 6, SaSTha meM 31, saptam meM 52, tathA aSTam adhyAya meM 13 sUtra vidyamAna haiN| ina 208 sUtroM meM kAvyazAstra se sambandha rakhane vAle sAre viSayoM kA pratipAdana bar3e sundara rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / ye sUtra alaGakAracUr3AmaNi meM vistArita kiye gaye haiN| viveka meM aura jyAdA vistAra kiyA gayA hai| anumAna hai ki adhyAyAnta meM alaGakAracUr3AmaNi nAma kA ullekha hone se TIkA ko yaha nAma bAda meM diyA gayA hogaa| alaGakAracUr3AmaNi meM kula 807 udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM tathA viveka meM 825 udAharaNa prastuta haiM / isa prakAra sampUrNa 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM 1632 udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM / 'alaGakAracUr3AmaNi' evaM 'viveka' meM 50 kaviyoM ke tathA 81 granthoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / kahIM-kahIM grantha-nAma te haiM kintu usake kartA ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai| saMskRta kavi evaM kAvya-zAstra ke itihAsa kA adhyayana karane meM yaha jAnakArI sahAyaka hai / prathama adhyAya - isa adhyAya meM kAvya kI paribhASA, kAvya ke hetu, kAvya-prayojana, Adi para samucita prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pratibhA ke sahAyaka vyutpatti aura abhyAsa, zabda tathA artha kA rahasya, mukhyArtha, gauNArtha, lakSyArtha tathA vyaGagyArtha kI tAtvika vivecanA kI gayI hai| pahale sUtra meM maGagala namaskAra tadanantara dUsare sUtra meM grantha kA uddezya batalAyA gayA hai| tIsare sUtra meM kAvya kA prayojana saMkSepa meM batalAyA hai / 'kAvyamAnandAya yazasekAntAtulya tayopadezAyaca' arthAt hemacandra ke anusAra kAvya ke tIna prayojana hote haiM-Ananda yaza evaM kAntAtulya upadeza / caturtha sUtra meM kAvya ke kAraNa batAte haiM 'prati. bhAsya hetuH alaGakAra cUr3AmaNi meM pratibhA kI - 'navanavollekhazAlinI prajJA' - sundara paribhASA dI hai, arthAt nayI-nayI kalpanA karane vAlI prajJA hI kAvyanirmiti kA pradhAna kAraNa hai / paJcam tathA SaSTha sUtra meM pratibhA kI jaina paribhASA dI hai| saptam mUtra meM adhyayana evaM abhyAsa se pratibhA ko saphala karane ke lie kahA gayA hai / yathA 'vyutpatyabhyAsAmyAM saMskAryA' aSTam sUtra meM adhyayana ke viSaya saMkSepa meM batAye haiM, jinakA vistAra 'alaGakAracUr3AmaNi' meM tathA aura adhika vistAra 'viveka' meM kiyA gayA hai / navam tathA dazam sUtra meM abhyAsa ke viSaya meM varNana hai, jo 'alajakAracUr3AmaNi' meM saMkSepa meM tathA 'viveka' meM pUrNarUpeNa vaNita hai / gyAharaveM sUtra meM kAvya ke svarUpa kA mammaTa-sadRza varNana hai / yathA 'adoSau saguNau sAlaGkAro ca zabdAyoM kAvyam' // 11 // hemacandra kI kAvya kI paribhASA meM alaGkAra samAviSTa haiN|

Page #117
hemacandra ke alaGkAra-grantha 105 'ca' zabda se apavAda svarUpa alaGkAra vihIna bhI kAvya ho sakatA hai, yaha dhvanita kiyA gayA hai / Age ke sUtroM meM paribhASA meM Aye hue zabda, artha, doSa, guNa, alaGakAra ityAdi spaSTa kiye gaye haiM / 12 vA~ sUtra guNa-doSoM kI samucita paribhASA prastuta karatA hai- yathA 'rasasyotkarSApakarSa hetu guNadoSau bhaktyA zabdArthayoH // 12 // terahaveM sUtra meM alaGakAra kA sAmAnya svarUpa tathA 14 veM sUtra meM rasa meM usakI upayogitA kA varNana hai| 'aGagAzritAH alaGkArAH' // 13 // 'tatparatve kAle grahatyAgayo ti nirvAha pyaGagatve rasopakAriNaH // 14 // sUtra 15 se 25 taka zabdArtha ke sambandha meM zAstrIya vivecana hai| antima 25 veM sUtra meM 'rasAdizca' kahakara vyaGgyArtha meM rasa kA antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai / amidhA, lakSaNA, vyaJjanA tathA vyaGagyArtha kA pUrva sUtroM meM hI varNana kiyA jA cukA hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM rasa, sthAyI bhAva, vyabhicAri bhAva tathA sAtvika bhAvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isameM kAvya kI zreNiyA~ uttama, madhyama, aghama batalAyI haiN| pahale 55 sUtroM meM rasa, bhAva, rasAbhAsa, bhAvAbhAsa, vaNita hai tathA antima tIna sUtroM meM kAvya kI zreNiyA~ varNita haiN| isa prakAra dUsare adhyAya meM AcArya hemacandra ne rasa ke viSaya meM sAGa gopAGa ga carcA kI hai| sthAyI bhAva, vyabhicAri bhAva, kA vivecana gaharA evaM zAstrIya hai / AcArya hemacandra rasa-siddhAMta ke anuyAyI haiM / unhoMne kAvya ke guNa, doSa, alaGkAra, kA astitva rasa kI kasauTI para hI rakhA hai / rasa ke jo apakarSaka haiM, ve doSa haiM, jo utkarSaka haiM, ve guNa aura jo rasa ke aMga haiM arthAta rasAzrita, ve alaGkAra haiM / alaGkAra yadi rasopakAraka haiM taba hI unakI kAvya meM gaNanA ho sakatI hai, yadi rasa-bAdhaka athavA udAsIna hoM to unheM doSa hI samajhanA cAhiye athavA unakI gaNanA citra-kAvya meM karanI cAhiye / hemacandra kA rasa vivaraNa bahuta hI sopapattika hai| unhoMne rasa-tatva kI svatantra rUpa se vivecanA kI hai| anubhAva sAmAjika ko rasa kA anubhava dete haiN| zAstrakAra bharata ke anurUpa hemacandra bhI bhAva kI yahI paribhASA dete haiM / kAvyAnuzAsana ke anusAra vyabhicAri bhAva snadharma sthAyI bhAvoM ko arpaNa karate haiM / hemacandra ke anusAra vyabhicAri bhAva nirbala sevakoM ke samAna parAvalambI hote haiM / ve asthira hote haiM / svAmI kI icchAnusAra ye bhAva badalate haiM tathA sthAyI bhAvoM meM inakA paryavasAna hotA hai / hemacandra tRSNAkSaya ko hI zama kahate haiM / "tRSNAkSayaH zamaH" tathA taSNAkSayarUpa zama hI zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM zabda, vAkya, artha tathA rasa ke doSoM para prakAza DAlA

Page #118
106 AcArya hemacandra gayA hai| prathama dasa sUtroM meM kAvya-doSoM kA varNana hai / jisakA alaGa kAracUr3AmaNi evaM viveka meM vistAra kiyA gayA hai| viveka meM rAjazekhara ke kAvyamImAMsA ke bahuta se zloka uddhRta haiM, jisameM bhArata ke deza, kAla, bhUgola, mausama ityAdi kA varNana hai / kadAcita rAjazekhara ne bhI purANokta bhuvanakoza se athavA tatsama kisI grantha se ukta zloka liye hoM, isalie rAjazekhara ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| __ caturtha adhyAya kAvya-guNoM se sambandhita hai / pahale hI sUtra meM tIna pradhAna guNa-oja, mAdhurya, evaM prasAda para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / zeSa sUtroM meM ina guNoM ke sahAyaka varNAkSaroM ko batAyA gayA hai / udAharaNArtha-' mAdhuryoja: prasAdAstrayo guNAH"1 kahakara kAvya ke guNoM kI saMkhyA prasthApita kI hai / hemacandra ke matAnusAra kAvya ke tIna hI guNa hote haiM, pA~ca athavA dasa nhiiN| phira bhI 'vikAsa hetuH prasAdaH sarvatraH' kahakara prasAda guNa kI sarvatra AvazyakatA batalAyI hai| alaGa kAra cUr3AmaNi meM bhI zrI mammaTa kA anusaraNa karate hue unhoMne guNa-saMkhyA tIna hI batalAyI haiM / ukta sUtra para viveka avazya dekhanA caahiye| viveka meM bharata, maMgala, vAmana, daNDin ke matoM para carcA kI gayI hai| __ paJcam adhyAya - isa adhyAya meM chaH zabdAlaGakAroM kA varNana hai / anuprAsa, yamaka, citra, zleSa, vakrokti, punarUktabhAsa, zabdAlaGakAra varNita haiM / prathama sUtra meM hI anuprAsa kI kitanI sundara evaM saMkSipta paribhASA dI hai- "vyaMjanasyAvRtti ranuprAsaH / phira dUsare sUtra meM lATAnuprAsa kI paribhASA dI haiN| 3-4 sUtroM meM yamaka ke viSaya meM varNana hai| alaGakAra-cUr3AmaNi meM yamaka ke bheda batalAye gaye haiN| paJcama sUtra meM citra tathA SaSTha sUtra meM zleSa aura saptama sUtra meM zleSa ke prakAroM kA varNana hai, 8 veM meM vakrokti, 6 veM sUtra meM punaruktabhAsa alaGkAra kA varNana hai / Anandavardhana ke 'devIzataka' se zabdAlaGkAroM ke bahuta se udAharaNa liye gaye haiM / rUdraTa ke 'kAvyAlaGkAra' se bhI bahuta se udAharaNa uda dhRta haiN| viveka vRtti meM 7 veM sUtra meM pAThadharmatva kI vyAkhyA karate hue bharata ke nATya zAstra evaM abhinavagupta kI TIkA uddhRta hai / ___SaSTha adhyAya meM 26 arthAlaGkAroM kA varNana hai| isa varNana meM choTe athavA kama mahatva ke alaGkAroM ko mahatvapUrNa alaGkAroM meM samAviSTa karA liyA gayA hai| rasa tathA bhAva se sambandhita alaGkAra jaise rasavat preyasa, Urjasvi, samAhita alaGkAroM ko chor3a diyA hai| unhoMne svabhAvokti ke liye jAti tathA aprastuta prazaMsA ke lie anyokti zabda prayukta kiyA hai| 1- nATyazAstra adhyAya 22; pRSTha= 146-231 gA0 o0 sI0

Page #119
hemacandra ke alaGa kAra-grantha 107 nimna 26 alaGa kAra 31 sUtroM meM carcita hai :1. upamA, 2. utprekSA. 3. rUpaka, 4. nidazanA, 5. dIpaka 6. anyokti, 7. paryAyokti, 8. atizayokti. 6. AkSepa, 10. virodha, 11. sahokti, 12. samAsokti, 13. jAti, 14. vyAjastuti, 15. zleSa, 16. vyatireka: 17. arthAntaranyAsa, 18. sandeha 16. apahna ti, 20. parivRtti, 21. anumAna, 22. smRti, 23. bhrAnti, 24. viSama, 25. sama, 26. samuccaya, 27. parisaGa khyA, 28. kAraNamAlA, 26. saGakara, 'hRdya sAdharmyamupamA' kahakara upamA kI paribhASA meM hemacandra ne alaGakAra ke saundarya pakSa para vizeSa jora diyA hai| isa prakAra cha: adhyAyoM meM 143 sUtroM meM kAvyazAstra ke sampUrNa tantra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| viveka meM sarasvatI-kaNThAbharaNa ke raciyatA bhoja evaM anya AlaGakArikoM dvArA nirdiSTa sabhI alaGa kAroM kI carcA kI gayI hai tathA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kucha alaGkAra 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM nirdiSTa alaGkAroM meM samAviSTa hote haiM / tathA kucha alaGkAra kI koTimeM hI nahIM Ate haiN| saptama adhyAya meM nAyaka evaM nAyikA bheda-prabhedoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai / prathama sUtra meM hI nAyaka kI paribhASA dI hai-'samagraguNaH kathAvyApI nAyakaH' / sUtra 2 se 10 taka nAyaka ke guNa batalAye haiM / sUtra 11 meM nAyaka ke 4 prakAra tathA sUtra 12-16 taka cAroM prakAroM kA varNana hai / 20 veM sUtra meM pratinAyaka kI paribhASA dI hai| "vyasanI pApakRtalubdhaH stabdho dhIroddhataH pratinAyakaH" / sUtra 21 se 26 taka vibhinna prakAra kI nAyikAoM kA varNana hai| 30 veM sUtra meM nAyikAoM kI 8 avasthAoM kA varNana hai- (1) svAdhInapatikA (2) proSitabhartRkA (3) khaNDitA (4) kalahAntaritA (5)vAsakasajjA (6) virahotkaNThitA (7) vipralabdhA tathA (8) abhisArikA / inameM se antima tIna parakIyA nAyikA kA se sambandha hai / "anyatrayavasthA prstrii"| 31-32 vAM sUtra pratinAyikA se sambandhita hai / zeSa sUtra 33 se 52 taka striyoM ke guNa tathA svabhAva se sambandhita haiN| yaha adhyAya mukhyataH dhanaJjaya ke 'dazarUpaka' tathA bharata ke 'nATya zAstra' tathA abhinava guptAcArya kI TIkA para AdhArita hai| ___ aSTama adhyAya meM kAvya ko prekSya tathA zravya do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / AcArya hemacandra gadya-padya ke AdhAra para kAvya kA vibhAjana nahIM karate / ve saMskRta, prAkRta apabhraza ke mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta grAmya bhASA ke 1 -kAvyAnuzAsana pRSTha 336-405

Page #120
108 AcArya hemacandra mahAkAvya kA bhI ullekha karate haiM / isa prakAra ke eka bhIma kAvya kA nAma bhI unhoMne diyA hai| isa grAmya bhASA ko unhoMne grAmya apabhraMza kahA hai| nizcaya hI yaha apabhra zetara nayI bhASA kA kAvya rahA hogaa| kAvya ko prekSya tathA zravya do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karane ke pazcAt AcArya prekSya ko phira pAThya tathA geya, do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara unake aura kaI bhAga batalAte haiM / zravya ke mukhya vibhAga arthAt mahAkAvya, AkhyAyikA, kathA, campU, aura anirbaddhA / kAvyAnuzAsanAnusAra kAvya saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura grAmyApabhraza meM likhA jA sakatA hai| kathA ke prakAroM meM (1) AkhyAna (2) nidarzana (3) pravallikA (4) manthallikA (5) maNikulyA (6) parikathA (7) khaNDa kathA (8) sakala kathA (6) upakathA tathA (10) bRhatkathA varNita haiM / hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana meM apabhraza aura grAmya bhASA meM race hue mahAkAvyoM meM sargoM ke lie kramazaH AzvAsa sandhi aura avaskandha zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu svayaM unhoMne apane dvayAzraya ko AzvAsoM meM nahIM, pratyuta sargoM meM hI vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama sUtra meM 'kAvyaM prekSyaM zravyaM ca' kAvya ke do bhAga karake alaGkAracUr3AmaNi meM bhaTatota ke AdhAra para kavi-karma kI jAnakArI dI hai| dvitIya sUtra 'prekSyaM pAThyaM geyaM ca' prekSya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karatA hai| tRtIya sUtra meM pAThya ke 12 bhAga ginAye haiM-(1) nATaka (2) prakaraNa (3) nATikA (4) samavakAra (5) IhAmRga (6) Dima (7) vyAyoga (8) utsRSTikAGka (8) prahasana (10) bhANa (11) vIthI (12) saTTaka / alaGakAracUr3AmaNi meM bharata ke 'nATyazAstra' ke 12 veM adhyAya ke uddharaNa haiM tathA 'viveka' meM abhinava gupta kI TIkA uddhRta hai| 'viveka' meM pAThya ke 12 vibhAgoM ke atirikta ToTaka, kohala dvArA kathita tathA anya pAThyoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| caturtha sUtra meM geya ke 11 bhAga batalAye haiM-(1) DombikA (2) bhANa (3) prasthAna (4) ziGagaka (5) bhANika (6) preraNa (7) rAmakrIDa (8) hallIsaka (6) rAsaka (10) zrI gadita aura (11) rAgakAvya / inakA varNana alaGakA racUr3AmaNi meM kisI ajJAta grantha ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| usameM dUsare geya prakAra jaise sampA, calita, dvipadI Adi kA bhI ullekha hai / brahmA, bharata, kohala kA adhyayana karane ke lie nirdeza hai, jisameM adhika jAnakArI upalabdha hai / "prapaJcastu brahmabharatakohalAdizAstrebhyo'vagantavyaH' / paJcama sUtra meM zravya ke pA~ca prakAra batalAye haiM / chaThe sUtra meM mahAkAvya

Page #121
hemacandra ke alaGkAra-grantha 106 kI paribhASA hai| alaGakAracUr3AmaNi meM paJca sandhiyoM kA varNana hai jo nATaka tathA kAvya donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se Avazyaka haiN| usameM sandhiyoM ko samajhAne ke lie bharata zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| 'viveka' meM nATakoM meM se uddharaNa uddhRta haiN| isameM daNDin ke kAvyAdarza kA pracura upayoga kiyA gayA hai / (daNDin kAvyAdarza-pRSTha 11-36) / 'alaGakAracUr3AmaNi' meM apabhraza kavitA kA udAharaNa 'abdhimanthana' kAvya se tathA grAmya kavitA kA udAharaNa 'bhIma' kAvya se diyA hai| ye donoM kAvya abhI ajJAta haiM / 'hari prabodha' kAvya kA vibhAjana AzvAsaka meM kiyA gayA / yaha 'hari prabodha' bhI abhI taka anupalabdha hai / saptama tathA aSTama sUtra meM kramazaH AkhyAyikA aura kathA kA varNana hai| bANabhaTTa kI taraha hemacandra bhI kathA aura AkhyAyikA kA bheda svIkAra karate haiM; parantu unakI mAnyatA meM antara hai / bANabhaTTa ke mata meM kalpita kahAnI kathA hai aura aitihAsika AdhAra para calane vAlI kathA AkhyAyikA hai; jaise 'kAdambarI' aura 'harSa-carita' / hemacandra ke anusAra AkhyAyikA vaha hai jo saMskRta gadya meM ho, jisakA vRtta khyAta ho, nAyaka svayaM vaktA ho aura jo ucchavAsoM meM likhI gayI ho| kathA kisI bhI bhASA meM likhI jA sakatI hai / usake lie gadya-padya kA bandhana nahIM hai| isa prakAra hemacandra ne bANabhaTTa ke gadya ke bandhana ko haTAkara kathA ko itanI vyApakatA de dI ki usameM sabhI kathAkAvya samA gaye / gadya-kathA kA udAharaNa kAdambarI hai, aura padya-kathA kA 'lIlAvaI kahA' / apabhraMza ke 'caritra' kAvya bhI isI ke antargata Ate haiM / hemacandra ko 'gadya' kA niyama isaliye haTAnA par3A kyoMki apabhraza meM gadya kA abhAva thaa| kathA ke sivAya unhoMne aura bhI upabheda kiye haiM / 'alaGa kAra cUr3AmaNi' meM bhI padyamayI kathA ke rUpa meM lIlAvatI kA ullekha hai| 'viveka' meM kathA-prakAroM meM granthoM ke jo nAma diye haiM unameM se adhikAMza abhI taka ajJAta haiM, jaise,-govinda, ceTakA, gorocana, anaGa gavatI, matsyahasita, zUdraka, indumatI, citralekhA Adi / kathA ke upabhedoM meM AkhyAna, nidarzana, pravallikA, matallikA, maNikulyA, parikathA, khaNDakathA, sakalakathA aura upakathA Adi varNita haiN| AkhyAna prabandha-kAvya ke bIca Ane vAlA vaha bhAga hai jo geya aura abhineya hotA hai / dUsare pAtra ke bodha ke lie isakA prayoga hotA hai-jaise nalopAkhyAna / pazu-pakSiyoM ke mAdhyama se acche-bure kA bodha dene vAlI kathA kA nidarzana hai-jaise 'paJcatantra' / 'pravallikA' meM eka viSaya para vivAda hotA hai / bhUtabhASA aura mahArASTrI meM likhI gayI laghukathA 'matallikA' hai / isameM purohita, amAtya aura

Page #122
110 __ AcArya hemacandra tApasa kA majAka ur3AyA gayA hai / 'maNikulyA' vastu kA udghATana karatI hai / puruSArtha-siddhi ke lie kahI gayI varNanAtmaka kathA 'parikathA' hai| itivRtta ke khaNDa para AdhArita kathA 'khaNDa kathA' hai| samasta phalavAlI kathA 'sakala kathA' hai aura eka kA para calane vAlI kathA 'upakathA' hai / rAsaka ke unhoMne tIna bheda kiye haiM-komala, uddhata tathA mizra / ___ navA~ sUtra campU kAvya kI paribhASA detA hai / tathA 10 vA~ sUtra anirbaddha muktaka kI paribhASA detA hai / 11 veM sUtra ke anusAra eka kavitA ko muktaka, do kavitAoM ko sandAnitaka, tIna kavitAoM ko vizeSaka, tathA cAra kavitAoM ke puJja ko kalApaka kahate haiM / 12 veM sUtra ke anusAra 5 se 14 kavitAoM ke puJja ko kulaka kahate haiM / 13 ve sUtra meM koza kI paribhASA dI gayI hai / "svaparakRta sUkti samuccayaHkozaH" / arthAta sundara zlokoM kA saGagraha (svayaM kA athavA dUsaroM kA) koza kahalAtA hai| alaGakAracUr3AmaNi meM muktaka ke udAharaNasvarUpa amarUka kA 'amarUzataka' udaghRta kiyA hai| koza ke udAharaNa svarUpa 'saptazataka' (hAla) sanghAta ke udAharaNasvarUpa 'vRndAvana meghadUta' tathA saMhitA ke udAharaNasvarUpa 'yaduvaMza dilIpavaMza' uddhRta kiyA hai| hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana meM nimnAMkita granthoM evaM granthakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| granthoM ke nAma-avantisundarI, uSAharaNa, paJcazikhazUdrakathA, bhAmaha vivaraNa, rAvaNa-vijaya, haravilAsa, hariprabodha, hRdaya daparNa ityAdi / granthakAroM ke nAma (1) daNDI, (2) bhaTTatota, (3) bhaTTanAyaka, (4) bhojarAja, (5) mammaTa, (6) maMgala, (7) AyurAja, (8) yAyAvarIya, (9) vAmana, (10) zAkyAcArya, (11) rAhula, (12) rAjazekhara Adi / pro. rasikalAla pArIkha dvArA sampAdita kAvyAnuzAsana ke anta meM 254 grantha evaM granthakAroM ke nAma diye haiN| 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kA mUlyAGakana - ___ AcArya hemacandra kA kAvyAnuzAsana prAyaH saGagraha grantha hai| unhoMne apane grantha meM rAjazekhara ( kAvyAmImAMsA ), mammaTa ( kAvya prakAza ), Anandavardhana (dhvanyAloka), abhinava gupta (locana) se sAmagrI paryApta mAtrA meM grahaNa kI hai| maulikatA ke viSaya meM hemacandra kA apanA svatantra mata hai| unhoMne apanI pramANa-mImAMsA kI TIkA meM prArambha meM hI maulikatA ke viSaya meM spaSTa kahA hai| "vidhAe~ anAdi hotI haiM, ve saMkSepa athavA vistAra kI dRSTi se nayI mAnI 1- apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya-DA0 devendrakumAra jaina-pRSTha 317

Page #123
hemacandra ke alaGkAra-grantha 111 jAtI haiM tathA usa dRSTi se tattada granthakAroM kI kRti mAnI jAtI haiN"| AcArya hemacandra dvArA prastuta maulikatA kI isa paribhASA se yaha anumAna hotA hai ki ve apane samaya meM aneka granthoM ke kartRtva ke viSaya meM AlocanA ke zikAra jarUra bane hoNge| usake nirAkaraNArtha hI unheM aisA spaSTIkaraNa denA pdd'aa| hemacandra ke mata se koI bhI granthakAra bilakula nayI cIja nahIM likhtaa| usa mUla viSaya kA vikAsa evaM vikAsa kI zailI nayI hotI hai / hemacandra kI maulikatA kI yaha kasauTI yadi unhIM para lAgU kI jAya to unakI maulikatA zata pratizata siddha hotI hai| ___ kAvyAnuzAsana kI racanA karate samaya mammaTa ke 'kAbya prakAza' kA hemacandra ne vizeSa upayoga kiyA hai / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM mammaTa evaM unake 'kAvya prakAza' kA ullekha kaI bAra AtA hai / phira bhI 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM hemacandra kI maulikatA akSuNNa hai| yadyapi 'kAvya prakAza' ke sAtha 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kA bahuta sAmya hai kintu kahIM-kahIM hI nahIM apitu paryApta sthAnoM para hemacandrAcArya ne mammaTa kA virodha bhI kiyA hai| . sarva prathama 'kAvya kA prayojana' para carcA karate hue mammaTa ne kAvya ke chaH prayojana batAye haiM- (1) yaza prApti (2) artha lAbha (3) vyavahAra jJAna (4) azubha nivAraNa (5) tAtkAlika Ananda aura (6) kAntAtulya upadeza / AcArya hemacandra ne isakA virodha kiyA hai / unake matAnusAra Ananda, yaza evaM kAntAtulya upadeza hI kAvya ke prayojana ho sakate haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne yahA~ mammaTa dvArA batAye anya tIna prayojana chor3a diye haiN| arthalAbha, vyavahAra jJAna, evaM aniSTa nivRtti hemacandra ke matAnusAra kAvya ke prayojana nahIM haiN| hemacandra ke anusAra kAvya kA pradhAna kAraNa kevala pratibhA hai / mammaTa ke anusAra kAvyotpatti meM pradhAna tIna kAraNa hote haiM- (1) zakti yA pratibhA (2) nipuNatA yA vyutpatti tathA (3) AvyAjJazikSayAbhyAsa arthAta kisI zreSTha kavi ke pAsa zikSA paanaa| AcArya hemacandra ke mata se kAvyanirmiti kA pradhAna hetu pratibhA hI hai / yahA~ bhI unhoMne mata bhinnatA dikhalAkara mammaTa dvArA nirdezita zeSa kAraNa gauNa batalAye haiN| kAraNoM meM pradhAna tathA gauNa kA antara spaSTa karanA mahatvapUrNa hai| hemacandra ke anusAra pratibhA sadaiva naisagikI hotI - 1- "anAdaya evaitA vidyA: saMkSepa vistAra vivakSayA navanavIbhavanti tattatkartRkA zyocyante"-pramANamImAMsA-hemacandra; pRSTha 1-2

Page #124
AcArya hemacandra 112 hai / vyutpatti ke viSaya meM hemacandra kahate haiM ki loka- zAstra tathA kAvya meM prAvINya prApta karanA hI vyutpatti hai- "lokazAstra kAvyeSu nipuNatA vyutpattiH" / kAvya kI paribhASA meM hemacandra kA mata mammaTa ke anurUpa dikhAyI detA hai / kintu usameM bhI kucha sUkSma bheda haiM- hemacandra ne apanI paribhASA meM alakAroM ko samAviSTa kara liyA hai / 'ca' akSara se apavAda sUcita kiyA gayA hai / kabhI-kabhI binA alaGakAra ke bhI kAvya ho sakatA hai / kintu sAdhAraNa taura para alaGkAra kAvya ke lie atyAvazyaka haiM / AcArya hemacandra aura mammaTa kI kAvya- paribhASA meM aura bhI sUkSma antara yaha hai ki hemacandra ne guNa, doSa, alaGakAra kA astitva rasa kI kasauTI para hI rakhA hai / mammaTa ne aisA nahIM kiyA hai / hemacandra satyataH rasa- siddhAnta ke anuyAyI pratIta hote haiM / isIliye ve alaGkAroM ko rasAzrita, rasa ke aMga mAnate haiM / unake mata ke anusAra jo rasa kI hAni karane vAle arthAt rasApakarSaka haiM, ve doSa hote haiM / tathA jo rasa ko vRddhigata karane vAle arthAt rasotka haiM, ve guNa kahalAte haiM / 'kAvya prakAzakAra' kahIM bhI yaha kasauTI nahIM apanAte haiM / isake viparIta mammaTa to dhvani mata ke anuyAyI dikhAyI dete haiM / unhoMne 'kAvya prakAza' meM dhvani vivaraNa meM dhvani ke eka prakAra ke rUpa meM ( asaMlakSyakrama vyaMgya) rasa kA vivecana kiyA hai / sambhavataH isaliye mammaTAcArya dhvani prasthApana paramAcArya kahe jAte hai| hemacandra ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ke dvitIya adhyAya meM hI svatantra rUpa se rasa carcA kI hai tathA rasa-vivaraNa ke samaya abhinava guptAcArya kI abhinavabhAratI TIkA jyoM ki tyoM udaghRta kI hai / ( 4 ) mammaTa evaM mukulabhaTTa ke se 'lakSaNA' rUr3hi athavA prayojana para AdhArita hotI hai, kintu hemacandra isake virodhI haiM / unake mata se lakSaNA kevala prayojana para AdhArita hotI hai / 'kAvya prakAza' meM kAvya ke prakAra uttama, madhyama, adhamAdi se viSaya prathama adhyAya meM hI varNita haiM jisase kAvyazAstra ke prAthamika chAtroM ko ekadama kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM rasa carcA evaM zeSa carcA ke anta meM kAvya ke prakAroM kI carcA kI hai jisase samajhane meM sulabhatA, sugamatA hotI hai / kAvya ke 10 guNoM ko hemacandra tathA mambhaTa ne tIna guNoM ke antargata ( oja, prasAda, mAdhurya ) dikhAyA hai tathA zeSa doSAbhAva batalAyA hai / mammaTa ne 'kAvya prakAza' meM 61 alaGakAroM kA varNana kiyA hai kintu hemacandra ne kevala 29 alaGakAroM se 61 alaGkAroM kA kAma calAyA

Page #125
hemacandra ke alaGakAra-grantha hai| sUkSma bheda evaM kama mahatva ke alaGkAroM ko unhoMne tatsadRza mahatvapUrNa alaGkAroM meM milA diyA hai, udAharaNArtha saMGakara ke antargata saMsRSTi, dIpaka ke antargata tulyayogitA / haimacandra ke parabRtti alaGkAra meM mammaTa ke paryAya evaM parivRtti donoM samA jAte haiM / upamA ke antargata ananvaya aura upameyApamA donoM samA jAte hai / mammaTa 'puMstvAdapi pravicalet' ko zleSamUlA prastuta prazaMsA ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM batAte haiM, kintu hemacandra ise hI zabda-zakti mUla-dhvani ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dete haiN| hemacandra kI upamA kI paribhASA mammaTa se bhinna hai / udAharaNArtha"sAdharmyamupamA bhede"-mammaTa tathA "hRdya sAdharmyamupamA"-hemacandra / isameM mammaTa kevala sAdharmya para jora dete haiN| unameM saundaryAbhiruci kama pratIta hotI hai / hemacandra kI paribhASA meM saundaryAGga-hRdya para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai / sAdharmya AhlAdajanaka hogA taba hI vaha upamA alaGkAra hogaa| mammaTa kI paribhASA meM aisI bAta nahIM haiN| mammaTa kA 'kAvyaprakAza' vistRta hai, suvyavasthita hai, kintu sugama nahIM hai| usake viSaya meM nimnAMkita ukti prasiddha hai-'kAvyaprakAzasya kRtA gRhe gRhe / TIkAstathApyeSa tathaiva durgama:' // agaNita TIkAe~ hone para bhI 'kAvya prakAza' durgama hI raha jAtA hai / kiMbahunA durgama hai isIlie sugama karane ke lie agaNita TIkAyeM likhI gyiiN| 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM isa durgamatA ko 'alaGkAracUDAmaNi' evaM 'viveka' ke dvArA sugamatA meM pariNata kiyA gayA hai| 'kAvyaprakAza' meM kevala zravya kAvya ke tantra ke viSaya meM- sAGgopAGga carcA hai; kintu dRzya kAvya ke viSaya meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA gayA hai / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM nATaka ke viSaya meM bhI sAGagopAGa ga carcA hone ke kAraNa niHsandeha 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kA mahatva 'kAvyaprakAza' se nitAnta adhika hai| isa sandarbha meM 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI tulanA paNDita vizvanAtha ke 'sAhitya darpaNa' mAtra se kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya hemacandra aura vizvanAtha donoM ke anusAra mahAkAvya kI kathA ke vikAsa-krama meM pA~ca nATakIya sandhiyoM kA samanvaya honA cAhiye / daNDI hemacandra, tathA vizvanAtha ina tInoM ke anusAra pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda Adi se prAya: anta taka rahatA hai| daNDI dvArA varNanIya viSayoM meM duSToM ke atirikta AcArya hemacandra aura vizvanAtha ne mahAkAvya ke varNanIya viSayoM meM duSToM kI nindA aura sajjanoM kI prazaMsA kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| kAvya-lakSaNA ke viSaya meM jarUra mata-bheda prakaTa hotA hai / vizvanAtha kAvya kA lakSya dharmArtha-kAma

Page #126
114 AcArya hemacandra mokSa kI prApti batalAte haiM / agnipurANa trivargasAdhana batalAte haiM / bhAmaha, daNDin tathA vAmana ne yaza evaM Ananda ko kAvya kA lakSya batalAyA hai / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM apane samarthana ke lie AcArya hemacandra vividha grantha evaM granthakartA ke nAma uddhRta karane meM atIva dakSa haiM / aisA karane se unakI maulikatA kSuNNa nahIM hotI hai| mammaTa ke 'kAvya prakAza' ke atirikta hemacandra ne rAjazekhara ke 'kAvya mImAMsA', Anandavardhana ke 'dhvanyAloka' tathA abhinavaguptAcArya, rudraTa, daNDin, dhanaJjaya Adi ke granthoM se aneka uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ke chaThe adhyAya meM arthAlaGakAroM kA nirUpaNa karate samaya viveka vivRtti meM pUrvavartI AcAryoM dvArA carcita sabhI alaGakAroM ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai / bhoja rAjA ke grantha 'sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa' evaM 'zRgAraprakAza' meM prastuta mata kA jinameM adhikatama alaGkAroM kI saMkhyA nirdiSTa hai, hemacandra dvArA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / bhAmaha, vAmana, daNDin ityAdi ke alaGakAra rIti ityAdi pakSa svatantra kAvyatatva ke rUpa meM AcArya hemacandra ko mAnya nahIM the| pUrvakAla meM yadyapi rasa kAvyaniSTha mAnA jAtA thA to bhI daNDI, vAmana, udbhaTa Adi ke mana para rasa kA mahatva zanaiH zanaiH bar3ha rahA thA / sarva prathama rudraTa ne kAvya tatva ke rUpa meM 'rasa' ko svatantra sthAna diyA evaM carcA kii| tadanantara rAjazekhara, bhoja, agni purANakAra, hemacandra, mammaTa, ityAdi ne rasatatva ko Atmatatva mAnakara usakA svatantra vivecana kiyA / rasa ke viSaya meM AcArya hemacandra ne bharata mata kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai| ve 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM spaSTa likhate haiM ki ve apanA mata nirdhAraNa abhinavagupta evaM bharata ke AdhAra para kara rahe haiM katipaya lekhakoM ko 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM maulikatA kA abhAva khaTakatA hai| ma.ma.pI.vhI. kANe ke matAnusAra AcArya hemacandra pradhAnataH vaiyAkaraNa the tathA alaGakAra-zAstrI gauNa rUpa meM the| isalie unake matAnusAra hemacandra kA 'kAvyAnuzAsana' saGagrahAtmaka ho gayA hai| zrI trilokInAtha jhA kA mata bhI pro.pI.vhI. kANe se milatA-julatA hai aura unhoMne bhI 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM maulikatA kA abhAva hI dekhaa'| zrI e0 bI0 kItha, bhI 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM maulikatA dekha nahIM pAte; zrI esa0 ena0 dAsagupta evaM esa0ke070 bhI isa viSaya meM kItha kA hI anusaraNa karate haiN| zrI viSNupada bhaTTAcArya ne apane prabandha meM zrI ma0 ma0 kANe ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA hecamandra ke 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI maulikatA prasthApita 1 -bihAra risarca sosAyaTI, Vol XL III bhAga eka do pRSTha 22-23

Page #127
hemacandra ke alaGkAra-grantha 115 kI hai| usameM unhoMne AcArya hemacandra ke mata mammaTa, mukulabhaTTa, dhvanikAra Anandavardhana ke mata se kisa prakAra bhinna hai, yaha dikhAyA hai, tathA 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ko nitAnta maulika kRti siddha kiyA hai / sacamuca yadi koI granthakAra apane mata ke samarthana meM anya granthoM se, granthakAroM ke uddharaNa prastuta karatA hai to usameM usa granthakAra kI maulikatA naSTa nahIM hotI hai, balki isase to usake mata kI, siddhAnta kI evaM maulikatA kI puSTi hI hotI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM mammaTa, rAjazekhara, bharata abhinavagupta, Anandavardhana, ghanaJjaya, Adi AlaGkArikoM ke uddharaNa niHsandeha prastuta kiye haiM, kintu isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM ki AcArya hemacandra zata-pratizata ukta AlaGakArikoM kA mata mAnate haiM aura unakA 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kevala eka saGagraha mAtra hai / hemacandra kA apanA svayaM kA svatantra mata hai, svatantra zailI hai, svatantra dRSTikoNa hai| apane dRSTikoNa ko samajhAne ke lie ve anya granthoM se uddharaNa prastuta karate haiM to usameM unake mata kI pratiSThA bar3hatI hI hai, ghaTatI nhii| maulikatA to kabhI naSTa nahIM hotii| maulikatA ke viSaya meM hemacandra kA svayaM kA mata pahale hI uddhRta kiyA jA cukA hai| phira bhI maulikatA kI dRSTi se hama eka bAra phira vihaGa gamAvalokana karate haiM / udAharaNArtha unakA kAvya kA prayojana hI dekhiye "kAvyamAnandAya yazase kAntAtulyatayopadezAya ca" isameM "kalA ke lie kalA" siddhAnta kI dhvani spaSTa sunAyI detI hai| mammaTa athavA dUsare AcAryoM dvArA batAye gaye kAvya ke prayojana hemacandra ko mAnya nahIM haiN| "kAvyamAnandAya" kahakara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki svAntaH sukhAya kAvya-racanA hotI hai / hemacandra kA yaha dRSTikoNa nitAnta maulika hai| isI prakAra hemacandra kI upamA kI vyAkhyA bhI anupameya hai| "hRdya saadhrmymupmaa"| prAyaH sabhI AlaGkArikoM ne 'sAdharmya' para hIvizeSa jora diyA hai / kintu 'hRdya' para vizeSa jora dekara hemacandra ne apanI maulikatA siddha kI hai / samAna dharmatA hRdya arthAta AlAdajanaka honI cAhiye / 'sAdharmya hRdya arthAt AhlAdajanaka hogA to hI vaha alaGakAra ho sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| alaGa kAra rasopakAraka ho to hI ve kAvya meM upAdeya haiM isaliye upamA kA 'sAdharmya hRdya honA hI cAhiye / "hRdya sahRdayahRdayAlhAdakAri" alaGa kAra-cUr3A1 -'AcArya hemacandra para vyaktiviveka ke kartA kA RNa' nibandha iNDiyana kalcara grantha 13 pRSTha 218-224,

Page #128
116 AcArya hemacandra maNi meM unhoMne hRdya kI paribhASA dI hai / ataH samAnadharmatva ke sAtha vaha samAnadharmatva AhlAdajanaka bhI honA cAhiye / saundarya ke bhAva-pakSa para hemacandra vizeSa dhyAna dete haiM / yaha hemacandra kI hI maulikatA hai| alaGkAroM kI saMkhyA kama karake anurUpa alaGkAroM kA tatsama pradhAna alaGkAra meM samAveza karanA AcArya hemacandra kI hI kalA hai| AcArya hemacandra kA rasa-vivecana bhI bar3A hI mArmika evaM gaharA hai / bharata nATyazAstra ke evaM abhinavagupta ke uddharaNa uddhRta karane para bhI hemacandra ke vivecana meM maulikatA hai / unhoMne kAvya ke guNa-doSa ko rasa kI kasauTI para kasakara hI varNita kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki rasApakarSaka doSa haiM, rasotkarSaka guNa haiM tathA alaGkAra rasAzrita hone caahiyeN| rasAbhAva meM alaGakAra ko kAvya ke doSa hI samajhanA caahiye| alaGakAra kevala bAhya saundarya ke lie nahIM, una se Antarika sundaratA arthAt rasaniSpatti honA Avazyaka hai| __ ve rasa-siddhAnta ke kaTTara anuyAyI the| rasa-siddhAnta kI abhivyakti meM unakI maulikatA prakaTa hotI hai| hemacandra ke mata se vyabhicAri bhAva sthAyI bhAvoM ko jo sahAyatA pahuMcAte haiM. vaha sahAyatA svayaM kA dharma sthira rakhakara nahIM balki svayaM kA dharma sthAyI bhAvoM meM arpaNa karake pahuMcAte haiN| vyabhicAri bhAva durbala dAsoM ke samAna parAvalambI hote haiM, asthira hote haiN| svAmI kI lahara ke anusAra jisa prakAra sevakoM ko badalanA par3atA hai usI prakAra vyabhicAri bhAva sthAyI bhAvoM ke anusAra badalate haiM / svayaM kA astitva miTAkara sthAyI bhAvoM meM arpita ho jAte haiM, unakA paryavasAna unhIM meM ho jAtA hai| hemacandra kA ukta kathana bahuta mArmika evaM maulika hai ! kAvyAnuzAsana ke matAnusAra kAvya saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura grAmyApabhraza meM bhI likhA jA sakatA hai / kAvyAnuzAsana kI eka anya vizeSatA hai - usameM varNita kathA ke prakAra tathA geya ke prakAra / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ke 'alaGkAracUr3AmaNi' tathA 'viveka' meM jo udAharaNa evaM jAnakArI hemacandra ne dI, vaha saMskRta-sAhitya meM evaM kAvya-zAstra ke itihAsa ke lie atyaMta upayukta hai / hemacandra ne jo grantha evaM granthakAroM ke nAma uddhRta kiye haiM unase saMskRta-sAhitya ke itihAsa para paryApta prakAza par3a sakatA hai| __ DA0 esa0 ke0 De0 ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ko 'kAvya prakAza' se nikaSTa batAyA hai / DA. rasikalAla pArIkha ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI prastAvanA meM DA0 1 -History of Sanskrit Poetics, Vol. I, Page-203

Page #129
hemacandra ke alaGkAra-grantha 1 so ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai, kintu DA0 rasikalAla pArIkha ne bhI 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ko eka sarvotkRSTa pAThyapustaka batAyA hai / satya bAta yaha hai ki AcArya hemacandra ke sammukha sabhI stara ke pAThaka the / ve yuga-puruSa the evaM pracAra-prasAra unakA uddezya thA / ataH sUtra - zailI meM grantha-racanA kI aura phira sAdhAraNa pAThakoM kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie unhoMne 'alaGakAracUr3AmaNi' likhA / vizeSa jJAna kI pipAsA rakhane vAle medhAvI chAtroM ke lie 'viveka' nAmaka vivRti likhakara unheM bhI jJAnavRddhi kA avasara diyA hai| isa prakAra sabhI koTi kI janatA ke lie 'kAvyAnuzAsana' grantha upAdeya bana gayA hai / mammaTa kA 'kAvyaprakAza' eka to kliSTa hai, sAdhAraNa pAThakoM ke lie vaha sugama nahIM, aura saMskRta ke kAvya ke atirikta anya sAhitya vidyAoM kA adhyayana karane ke lie pAThakoM ko dUsare grantha bhI dekhane par3ate haiM / hemacandra kA 'kAvyAnuzAsana' isa artha meM paripUrNa grantha hai / usameM kAvya ke atirikta nATaka, nATikA, kathA, campU Adi sAhitya kI vividha zAkhAoM kA samucita paricaya diyA gayA hai / ataH AcArya hemacandra ke 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt phira dUsarA grantha par3hane kI jarUrata nahIM rahatI / 117 DA0 esa0 ke De0 ne kAvyAnuzAsana ko kevala eka zikSA-grantha kahA hai, yaha mata nitAnta bhrAnta hai / niHsandeha usameM kavi - zikSA prakaraNa haiM, kintu isase vaha grantha kevala zikSA-grantha kI koTi meM nahIM A sakatA / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM kAvya - zAstra ke sabhI aGgoM para savistAra vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH vaha sampUrNa kAvya-zAstra para suvyavasthita tathA suracita prabandha hai / jisa prakAra hemacandra ne gujarAta ke lie pRthak vyAkaraNa diyA, usI prakAra unhoMne gujarAta ke sabhI staroM ke pAThakoM ke lie eka utkRSTa alaGakAra-grantha bhI diyaa| yaha grantha aba sAhityazAstra ke pratyeka jijJAsu ke lie upAdeya grantha bana gayA hai / alaGkAra zAstra ke utkRSTa granthoM meM Aja AcArya hemacandra ke 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI gaNanA hotI hai| ----

Page #130
- hemacandra ke anusAra kAvya-bheda kAvya . prekSya zravya geya pAThya mahAkAvya, AkhyAyikA, kathA, campU, anirbaddha, 1 nATaka, 2 prakaraNa, 3 nATikA, saMskRta prAkRta apabhraza nAmyApabhraMza 4 samavakAra, 5 IhAmRga, 6 Dima, 7 vyAyoga, 8 utsRSTikAGka, prahasana, 1 AkhyAna. 2 nidarzana. 10 bhANa, 11 vIthI, 12 saTTaka, 3 pravallikA. 4 mattallikA. 5 maNikulyA. 6 parikathA. 7 khaNDakathA. / / / / / / / / 8 sakalakathA. / / / / / 6 upakathA. 10 bRhatkathA. DoMvikA, bhANa, prasthAna, ziGagaka, bhASika, preraNa, rAmAkrIDa, hallIsaka rAsaka, zrIgaditta, goSThI, ...... AcArya hemacandra komala uddhata mizra

Page #131
adhyAya : 5 koza grantha hemacandra pUrva koza sAhitya - kAlacakra ke abAdha rUpa se calate rahane se laukika zabdoM ke bhI jJAtAoM kA hAsa ho jAne para AcAryoM ne laukika kozoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| isakA vAstavika jJAna Aja taka andhakAra meM hI par3A hai, kyoMki prAyaH sabhI prAcIna koza anupalabdha haiN| 12 vIM zatAbdI meM racita, 'zabda kalpadruma' nAmaka koza meM 26 kozakAroM ke nAma upalabdha hote haiN| samprati upalabdha kozoM meM sabase prAcIna khyAti prApta amarasiMha kA 'amara-koza' hai| prAcIna praNAlI ke anusAra adhyayana-adhyApana karane vAle paNDitoM ke yahA~ abhI bhI 'amarakoza' kaNThastha karane kI pravRtti calI A rahI hai / isase usakI lokapriyatA abhI taka akSuNNa hai, yaha siddha hotA hai| ataH AcArya hemacandra ne apane kozoM ke nirmANa meM inase preraNA evaM sahAyatA lI ho to usameM Azcarya nahIM / 'amarakoSa' ke atirikta 6 vI tathA 10 vIM zatAbdI meM jaina AcAryoM ne saMskRta koza nirmANa meM jo yogadAna diyA, vaha bhI hemacandra ke sAmane thaa| usI zatAbdI meM dhanaJjaya ke tIna koza grantha bhI hemacandra ke lie preraNA ke srota bane hoMge kyoM ki 'nAmamAlA' meM kozakAra ne kevala 200 zlokoM meM hI Avazyaka zabdAvalI kA cayana kiyA hai / zabda se zabdAntara banAne kI prakiyA hemacandra ke kozoM meM bhI dikhAyI detI hai- udAharaNArtha pRthvI ke nAmoM ke Age ghara zabda yA ghara ke paryAyavAcI zabda jor3a dene se parvata ke nAma, pati yA pati ke samAnArthaka svAmin Adi zabda jor3a dene se rAjA ke nAma evaM rUha zabda jor3a dene se vRkSa ke nAma ho jAte haiN| isase eka prakAra ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI jAnakArI se dUsare prakAra ke paryAyavAcI

Page #132
120 AcArya hemacandra zabdoM kI jAnakArI sahaja meM hI ho jAtI hai / isake atirikta hemacandra ke jIvanakAla kA samaya koza-sAhitya kI sasRddhi kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| 12 vIM zatAbdI se hameM vibhinna prakAra ke aneka koza grantha prApta hote haiM / bhairavI ke 'anekArtha koza' meM amara, zAzvata, halAyudha, aura dhanvantari kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / abhayapAla kI "nAnArtha-ratnamAlA" isI yuga meM racI gayI thI / mahezvara ke 'vizvaprakAza koza' kI racanA isI yuga kI hai / kezava svAmI ke grantha dvaya "nAnArthArNava saMkSepa" evaM "zabdakalpadruma isI yuga kI dena haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne bhI 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi" 'anekArthasaGgraha', 'nighaNTuzeSa' evaM 'dezI nAmamAlA' kozoM kI racanA isI samaya kii| AcArya hemacandra yuga-pravartaka the, ataH ve samakAlIna koza-nirmANa-Andolana se dUra kaise raha sakate the ? hemacandra ke koza grantha- 12 vIM zatAbdI meM jitane koza grantha likhe gaye unameM se sarvotkRSTa grantha hemacandra ke koza haiM / zrI e0 bI0 kItha bhI apane saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM ukta kathana kA samarthana karate haiM / AcArya hemacandra kA 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' 6 kANDoM meM samAnArthaka zabdoM kA saGgraha hai, jinakA Arambha jaina devatAoM se aura anta bhAvavAcaka zabdoM (Abstracts), vizeSaNoM aura avyayoM se hotA hai / isa padyamaya koza ke 6 kANDa haiM-(1) devAdhideva kANDa-86, (2) devakANDa-250, (3) martyakANDa-568, (4) bhUmikANDa423, (5) nAraka kANDa-7 aura (6) sAmAnya kANDa-178 / isa prakAra isa koza meM kula 1542 padya haiM / usake bAda unhoMne zeSa nAmamAlA' likhI jisakI zloka saMkhyA kula 208 hai tathA anukrama nimnAnusAra hai-zeSa nAmamAlA-prathama kANDa zeSaH zlo0 1543 se 1633; dvitIya kANDa zeSaH zloka 1634 se 1668, caturtha kANDa zeSa: zloka 1666 se 1738, nAraka paMcama zeSaH zloka 1736 se 1740-50 / abhidhAna cintAmaNi-isa koza meM samAnArthaka zabdoM kA saGgraha kiyA gayA hai| ve Arambha meM hI rUr3ha, yaugika aura mizra zabdoM ke paryAyavAcI zabda likhane kI pratijJA bhI karate haiM / vyutpatti se rahita, prakRti tathA pratyaya ke vibhAga karane se bhI anvarthahIna zabdoM ko rUDha kahate haiM-jaise AkhaNDala Adi / kucha AcArya rUr3ha zabdoM kI bhI vyutpatti mAnate haiM, para usa vyutpatti kA prayojana kevala varNAnupUrvI kA jJAna karAnA hI hai, anvartha pratIti nhiiN| ataH 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' meM saGgrahIta zabdoM meM prathama prakAra ke zabda rUr3ha haiM / dUsare prakAra ke zabda yaugika haiN| zabdoM ke paraspara arthAnugama ko yoga

Page #133
hemacandra ke koza-grantha 121 kahate haiM / yaha yoga guNa, kriyA tathA anya sambandhoM se utpanna hotA hai| guNa ke kAraNa nIlakaNTha, zitikaNTha, kAlakaNTha ityAdi zabda grahaNa kiye gaye haiN| kriyA ke sambandhoM se utpanna hone vAle sraSTA, dhAtA ityAdi haiN| anya sambandhoM meM svasvAmitva, janya, janaka, dhAryadhAraka, patikalatra, sakhya, vAhyavAhaka, AzrayaAzrayI evaM vadhyavadha bhAva sambandha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| svavAcaka zabdoM meM svabhivAcaka zabda yA pratyaya jor3a dene se svasvAmi vAcaka zabda bana jAte haiM / svAmivAcaka pratyayoM meM matupa, in aN, aka ityAdi pratyaya evaM zabdoM meM pAla bhuj, ghana, netR, zabda parigaNita haiM / yathA-bhU-matup=bhUmAn, ghana+in-ghanI, ziva+aN =zavaH,daNDa+ika=dANDikaH,bhU+pAla=bhUpAlaH,bhU+pati =bhUpatiH AcArya hemacandra ne ukta prakAra ke sabhI sambandhoM se niSpanna zabdoM ko koza meM sthAna diyA hai / unhoMne mUla zlokoM meM jina zabdoM kA saGgraha kiyA hai, unake atirikta 'zeSAzca' kahakara kucha anya zabdoM ko sthAna diyA hai| isake pazcAt svopajJa vRtti meM bhI chUTe hue zabdoM ko sameTane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa prakAra isa koza meM usa samaya taka pracalita aura sAhitya meM vyavahRta zabdoM ko sthAna diyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha koza saMskRta sAhitya meM sarvazreSTha hai / TIkA meM nAmamAlA ko 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi' nAma diyA gayA hai / sambhavata: vRtti kA nAma 'tatvabodhavidhAyinI' hai| isa grantha meM zabda pramANya vAsuki evaM vyAr3i se liyA gayA hai / vyutpatti dhanapAla aura prapaJca se lI gayI hai / vikAsa vistAra vAcaspati evaM anyoM se liyA gayA hai / isa prakAra ve jinheM pramANa mAnate haiM una pradhAna AcAryoM ke nAma usameM haiN| vAsuki aura vyAr3i ke AdhAra para ve zabda kI satyatA siddha karate haiN| vyAkhyA ke lie dhanapAla kI sahAyatA lete haiM / yaha pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa-grantha kI paryApta AlocanA huI hai ataH ve isa grantha meM pramANa dene meM prArambha se hI vizeSa sAvadhAna haiN| 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' ke pratyeka kANDa ke anta meM pariziSTa hai| anekArtha saGagraha isI kA pUraka grantha hai| 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi koza' aneka dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| itihAsa kI dRSTi se isa koza kA bar3A mahatva hai| hemacandra ne svopajJa vRtti TIkA meM pUrvavartI nimnalikhita 56 granthakAroM tathA 31 granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / granthakAra hai1. amara, 2. amarAdi, 3. alaGkArakRt 4. Agamavid, 5. utpala, 6. kAtya, 7. kAmandaki, 8. kAlidAsa 6. kauTilya, 10. kauzika, 11. kSIrasvAmI

Page #134
122 AcArya hemacandra 12. gauDa, 13. cANakya, 14. cAndra, 15. dantila, 16. durga, 17. dramila, 18. dhanapAla, 16. dhanvantarI, 20. nandI, 21. nArada, 22. nairukta, 23 padArthavid, 24. pAlakApya, 25. paurANika, 26. prAcya, 27. buddhisAgara, 28. bauddha, 26. bhaTTatota, 30. bhaTTi, 31. bharata, 32. bhAguri, 33. bhASyakAra, 34. bhoja, 35. manu, 36. mAgha, 37. muni, 38. yAjJavalkya, 36. yAjJika, 40. laukika, 41. liGgAnuzAsanakRta, 42. vAgbhaTa, 43. vAcaspati, 44. vAsuki, 45. vizvadatta, 46. vaijayantIkAra, 47. vaidya, 48. vyAr3i, 46. zAbdika, 50. zAzvata, 51. zrIharSa, 52. zrutijJa, 53. sabhya, 54. smArta, 55. halA yudha tathA 56. hRdhya / granthoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- 1. amarakoza, 2. amaraTIkA, 3. amaramAlA, 4. amarazeSa, 5. artha-zAstra, 6. Agama, 7. cAndra, 8. jaina-samaya, 6. TIkA, 10. tarka, 11. triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita, 12. dvayAzraya mahAkAvya, 13. dhanurveda 14. dhAtupArAyaNa, 15. nATyazAstra, 16. nighaNTu, 17. purANa, 18. pramANamImAMsA, 16. bhArata, 20. mahAbhArata, 21. mAlA, 22. yogazAstra, 23. liGagAnuzAsana, 24. nAmapurANa, 25. vidhupurAga, 26. veda, 27. vaijayantI, 28. zAkaTAyana, 26. zruti, 30. saMhitA tathA 31. smRti / isa koza meM vyAkaraNa vArtika, TIkA, paJjikA, nibandha, sagraha, pariziSTa, kArikA, kAlindikA, nighaNTu, itihAsa, prahelikA, kiMvadanti, vArtA Adi kI bhI vyAkhyA aura paribhASA prastuta kI gayI haiN| ina paribhASAoM se sAhitya ke aneka siddhAntoM para prakAza par3atA hai| Arambha meM hI AcArya kahate haiM ki yaha prayAsa niHzreyasa, arthAt mukti ke lie hai / Atma-prazaMsA evaM paranindA se kyA prayojana ? ataH jaina-sampradAya kI dRSTi se bhI isameM dhArmika sAmagrI paryApta rUpa meM milatI haiN| rUr3ha, yaugika mizra zabdoM ke vibhAgoM kA varNana kara muktAdi jIvoM ke krama varNita haiN| pahale kANDa meM gaNagharAdi aGagoM ke sahita devAdhideva, vartamAna bhUta bhaviSyat arhantoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / dUsare kANDa meM aGgoM sahita devoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tIsare meM aGgoM sahita manuSyoM kA, cauthe meM agoM sahita tiryaJcoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| inameM eka indriya vAle pRthvIkAyika zuddha pRthvI, bAlU reta ityAdi; jalakAyika, hima, barpha Adi; tejakAyikA-aGgArAdi; vAyukAyikapavanAdi; vanaspatikAyika, zaivAlAdi; do indriya vAle jIva-kASThakITa, ghuNa, kRmi Adi jIva; tIna indriya vAle jaise pipIlaka, pIlaka; cAra indriya vAle

Page #135
hemacandra ke koza-grantha 123 jIva jaise makar3I, bhramara Adi; pAJca indriya vAle jaise sthala carapazu, khecara pakSI, jalacara, matsyAdi, deva, devatA tathA nArakIya kA varNana milatA hai / pA~cave meM aGagoMsahita nArakIya jIvoM kA varNana tathA chaThe kANDa meM sAdhAraNa tathA avyaya zabda haiN| ___ jIvoM kI gatiyA~ pA~ca hotI haiM; yathA 1, muktagati, 2, devagati, 3, manuSyagati, 4, tiryaggati tathA 5, nArakagati / ataH jIva pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiMmukta, deva, manuSya, tiryaJca aura nAraka / 1. prabhava, prabhuH 2, zayyaMbhava, 3, yazobhadra 4, sambhUtavijaya, 5, bhadrabAhu aura 6, sthUlabhadra, ye chaH zrutakevalI kahe jAte haiN| tatpazcAt tInoM kAloM meM hone vAle 24-24 tIrthaGkaroM ke janma ke sAtha hI hone vAle atizayoM kA varNana haiN| __ RtuoM ke sambandha meM 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi koza' meM bar3I hI manoraJjaka jAnakArI milatI hai| Rtubheda se pratyeka mAsa meM sUrya kI kiraNeM ghaTatI-bar3hatI haiM / 'pUSati vardhata' isa vigraha se sUrya kA nAma 'pUSA' hotA hai / AcArya vyAr3i ke mata se-caitra meM 1200, vaizAkha meM 1300, jyeSTha meM 1400, ASAr3ha meM 1500, zrAvaNa meM 1400, bhAdrapadameM 1400, azvina meM 1600, kArtika meM 1100, agahana meM 1050, pauSa meM 1000, mAgha meM 1100 aura phAlguna meM 1050, sUrya kI kiraNeM hotI haiM / samaya parimANa bhI bar3A manoraJjaka hai| manuSyoM ke 360 varSa devoM ke 360 dina-1 divya varSa; 12,000 divya varSa=1 caturyuga; 4320000 manuSyoM ke varSa = devoM kA eka yuga-divyayuga / 2000 divyayuga kA brahmA kA eka dina-rAta hotA hai athavA 8640000000 brahmA ke dina-rAta manuSyoM kA kalpa-dvaya hotA hai| devoM ke 71 yuga = 1 manvantara306720000 varSa / 14 manuoM meM se pratyeka manu kA sthiti kAla itanA hotA hai / isase kAla kI anantatA kI kalpanA sahaja meM hI A sakatI hai| usI prakAra nApa-tola parimANa ke viSaya meM bhI tatkAlIna pracalita parimANoM para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' ke anusAra do sahasra daNDa arthAta 8000 hAtha kA eka gavyUti hotA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne 1. trividhamAna bodhaka cakra (1) pautavamAnaH-1, guJjA-1, ratti-5 guJja-1 mASaka, 16 mASaka-1 karSa, 4 karSa-1 palam, 16 mASakA-1 vista, 4 vista1 kuvista, 100 pala-1 tulA, 20 tulA-1 bhAra, 20 bhAra-1, Acita (agale pRSTha para bhI)

Page #136
124 AcArya hemacandra apane koza meM senA kA aGagoM sahita varNana kiyA hai| ukta varNana dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki ve saGagrAma meM yA to kabhI sAtha rahe hoMge yA unhoMne apanI A~kho se senA kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa kiyA hogA / usa samaya pracalita senA-paddhati para pUrNa prakAza par3atA hai / itanA hI nahIM mahAbhArata ke samaya kI akSauhiNI paddhati para bhI prakAza par3atA hai / lagabhaga mahAbhArata ke samaya se hI hamAre bhAratIya samAja meM varNasaGkakara hotA A rahA hai / samaya-samaya kI aparihArya paristhiti ke anusAra yaha avazyaM - bhAvI bhI thA / kintu samAja ko durbala hone se bacAne ke lie usa prAcIna kAla meM bhI manu mahArAja ne varNasaGkara kI samucita vyavasthA dI thI tathA sabhI prakAra ke mAnavoM ko nAgarikatA kA sammAna prApta thA / 'manusmRti' meM nirdiSTa 8 prakAra ke sammata vivAha isI bAta ko siddha karate haiM / bhArata meM janmIM sabhI santAnoM ko apanAne kA vaha mahAn saphala prayAsa thA / isase samAja sabala banA rahA; kintu kucha zatAbdiyoM ke anantara jaba janmajAta jAtiyoM kA prAbalya bar3ha rahA (2) druvayamAna (3) pAyyamAna nAma - 1. patti: 2. senA 3, senAmukha 4, gulmaH 5, vAhinI 6, pRtanA 1 kuDava - 2 prasRtI, 4 kuDava - 1 prastha, 4 prastha - 1 Ar3haka 16 Ar3haka - 1 khArI 1 aMgula - 3 yava, 24 aMgula - 1 hasta, 4 hasta - 1 daNDa, 2000 daNDa - 1 kroza, 2 kroza - 1 gavyati, 2 gavyati; - 1 yojana, azva 3 e ha 6 27 27 27 81 81 81 243 243 243 726 7, camuH 726 726 2187 8, anIkinI 2187 2187 6561 6, akSauhiNI 21870 21870 65610 senA saMkhyA bodhaka cakra gaja 1 ratha 1 patti 5 15 45 yoga 10 30 60 270 810 1215 2430 3645 7260 10635 21870 109350 218700 135 405 10, mahA- 132124e0/13212490/36637470/66062450/13212200 akSauhiNI

Page #137
hemacandra ke koza-grantha 125 kramAMka vaizyA zUdrA thA taba saGakarita varNoM kI bhI aneka jAtiyAM banI / AcArya hemacandra ke samaya pracalita saGakarita jAtiyoM ke varNana se tatkAlIna samAja-vyavasthA para prakAza par3atA hai / yadyapi sabhI vargoM ko apanAne kA prayAsa isameM bhI hai phira bhI uccanIca kA bhAva atyadhika prabhAvazIla thA yaha satya hai / varNasaGakaro ke mAtR-pitR jAti bodhaka cakra pitRjAti mAtRjAti varNasaGakara santAna jAti brAhmaNa kSatriyA mUrdhAvasiktaH brAhmaNa ambaSTa brAhmaNa pArAzava, niSAda kSatriya vaizyA mAhiSya kSatriya zUdrA ugra vaizya zUdrA karaNa zUdra vaizyA Ayogava kSatriyA kSatA brAhmaNI cANDAla vaizya kSatriyA mAgadha brAhmaNI vaidehaka kSatriya brAhmaNI sUta mAhiSya karaNI takSA (rathakAraka) mabhidhAnacintAmaNi koza kI vizeSatAeM hemacandra ke koza grantha, vizeSata: 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi koza', aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai / hemacandra ke koza granthoM kI pahalI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye koza itihAsa aura tulanA kI dRSTi se bahuta mUlyavAna haiM / vibhinna grantha tathA granthakAroM ke uddharaNa vividha dRSTiyoM se bhASA sambandhI paricaya prastuta karate haiN| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki dhanaJjaya ke samAna zabda yoga se aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke banAne kA vidhAna hemacandra ne kiyA hai kintu 'kavirUr3hayA jJeyodAharaNAvali' ke anusAra unhIM zabdoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai jo kavisampradAya dvArA pracalita evaM prayukta haiM-udAharaNArtha pati vAcaka zabdoM se kAntA, priyatamA, vadhU, praNayinI, evaM vibhA zabdoM ko yA inake samAna anya zabdoM ko jor3a dene se patnI ke nAma aura kalatravAcaka zabdoM meM vara, ramaNa, praNayI, evaM priya zabdoM vaizya

Page #138
126 AcArya hemacandra ko yA inake samAna anya zabdoM ko jor3a dene se pativAcaka zabda bana jAte haiM / gaurI ke paryAyavAcI zabda banAne ke lie ziva zabda meM ukta zabda jor3ane para zivakAntA, zivapriyatamA, zivavadhU, ziva praNayinI, Adi zabda banate haiN| vibhA kA samAnArthaka parigraha bhI hai / kintu jisa prakAra zivakAntA zabda grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai usa prakAra ziva parigraha nhiiN| ataH kavi-sampradAya meM yaha zabda grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai / kalatravAcI gaurI zabda meM vara, ramaNa, zabda jor3ane se gaurIvara, gaurIramaNa, gaurIza Adi zivavAcaka zabda banate haiN| jisa prakAra gaurIvara, zivavAcaka hai, usI prakAra gaMgAvara nahIM yadyapi kAntAvAcI gaMgA zabda meM vara zabda jor3akara pativAcaka zabda bana jAte haiM, to bhI kavi-sampradAya meM isa zabda kI prasiddhi nahIM hAne se yaha ziva ke artha meM grAhya nahIM hai| ataeva ziva ke paryAya kapAlI ke samAnArthaka kapAlapAla, kapAladhana. kapAlabhaka, kapAlapati. jaise aprayukta amAnya zabdoM ke grahaNa se bhI rakSA ho jAtI hai| isase hemacandra kI nayI sUjhabUjha kA bhI patA cala jAtA hai / vyAkaraNa dvArA zabda-siddhi sambhava hone para bhI kaviyoM kI mAnyatA ke viparIta hone se ukta zabdoM ko kapAlI ke sthAna para grahaNa nahIM kiyA jaataa| tIsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki sAMskRtika dRSTi se hemacandra ke kozoM kI sAmagrI mahatvapUrNa hai / prAcIna bhArata meM prasAdhana ke kitane prakAra pracalita the, yaha unake abhidhAnacintAmaNi koza se bhalIbhA~ti jAnA jA sakatA hai / zarIra ko saMskRta karane ko parikarma, ubaTana lagAne ko utsAdana, kastUrI kuGkuma kA lepa lagAne ko aGagarAga, candana, agara, kastUrI, kuGkuma ke mizraNa ko 'catuH samam' karpUra, agara, kaGkola, kastUrI, candana drava ke mizrita lepa ko 'yajJakardama' aura saMskArArtha lagAye jAne vAle lepa kA nAma vati yA gAtrAnulepinI kahA gayA usI prakAra prAcIna kAla meM puSpamAlAe~ bhinna-bhinna prakAra se pahanI jAtI thIM / usake viSaya meM bhI vividha nAma isa koza meM prApta hote haiM / yathAH mAlyam, mAlAstraka-mastaka para dhAraNa kI jAne vAlI puSpamAlA, garbhaka-bAloM ke bIca meM sthApita puSpamAlA, prabhraSTakam-coTI meM laTakane vAlI puSpamAlA lalAmakam-sAmane laTakatI huI puSpamAlA, vaikakSam-chAtI para tirachI laTakatI huI puSpamAlA, prAlambam-kaNTha se chAtI para sIdhI laTakatI huI puSpamAlA, ApIr3a-sira para lapeTI huI mAlA, avataMsa-kAna para laTakatI huI mAlA, bAla 1. abhidhAna cintAmaNi- 3 / 266,

Page #139
hemacandra ke koza-grantha 127 pAzyA-striyoM ke jUr3e meM lagI huI mAlA / __ isI prakAra kAna, kaNTha, gardana, hAtha, paira, kamara ityAdi vibhinna aGago meM dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle AbhUSaNoM ke aneka nAma Aye haiM / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane kI prathA kitanI adhika thii| motI kI 100, 1008, 108, 554, 54, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 5, 64 vibhinna prakAra kI lar3iyoM kI mAlA ke vibhinna nAma Aye haiN| ___sAmAnya striyoM kI sAr3I ke nIce pahane jAne vAle vastra kA nAma hai 'clnii'| vaise laha~ge ke lie calanaka athavA caNDAtaka zabda Ate haiN| putrotpatti yA vivAhAdi ke samaya mitroM ke dvArA, naukaroM ke dvArA haThapUrvaka jo kapar3A mAla chIna liyA jAtA hai usakA nAma pUrNapAtra, pUrNAnaka hotA hai / saGagIta-kalA ke viSaya meM hemacandra ke kozA ke anusAra usa samaya vINA ke do bheda the| kASThamayI vINA aura zArirI vINA, eka meM tAra se dUsare meM kaMTha se ukta svaroM kI utpatti hotI thii| isa prakAra saMskRti aura sabhyatA kI dRSTi se yaha koza bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| vibhinna vastuoM ke vyApAriyoM ke nAma tathA vyApAra yogya aneka vastuoM ke nAma bhI isa koza meM saGagrahIta hai| prAcIna samaya meM madya banAne kI aneka vidhiyA~ pracalita thiiN| zahada milAkara banAye gaye madya ko madhvAsava, gur3a se bane madya ko maireya, cAvala ubAlakara taiyAra madya ko nagnahU kahA gayA hai| gAyoM ke bhI vaSkayaNI, dhenu, pareSTu, gRSTi, kalyA, suvratA, karaTA, bajulA droNadugdhA, pInodhnI, dhenuSyA. nacikI palikanI, samAMsamInA, sukarA vatsalA ityAdi nAmoM ko dekhane se mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya gau-sampattI bahuta mahatvapUrNa pii| vibhinna prakAra ke ghor3oM ke nAmoM se jJAta hotA hai ki prAcIna bhArata meM kitane prakAra ke ghor3e kAma meM lAye jAte the, sAdhuvAhI, zukla, kazya, zrIvRkSakI, paJcabhadra, karka khoMgAha, kriyAha, nIlakA, surUhaka, vorUvAna, kulAha, ukanAha, zoNa, harika, paMgula, hala ha tathA azvamegha ke ghor3e ko yayuH kahA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, ghor3e kI vibhinna prakAra kI cAloM ke vibhinna nAma Aye __kulI (3|218)-bdd'ii sAlI, yantraNI yA kelikuJcikA (3|216)chottii sAlI ityAdi nAmoM ko dekhane se avagata hotA hai ki usa samaya choTI sAlI ke sAtha ha~sI majAka karane kI prathA thii| sAtha hI patnI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt choTI sAlI se vivAha bhI kiyA jAtA thA isIliye use kelikuJcikA kahA gayA

Page #140
128 hai / AcArya hemacandra niSkuTa - ghara ke pAsa vAlA bagIcA, pauraka - gA~va ke bAhara vAlA bagIcA, AkrIr3a-krIr3A kA bagIcA, udyAna, pramadavana - rAjAoM ke antaHpura yogya bagIcA, puSpavaTI - dhanikoM kA bagIcA, kSudrArAma - prasIdikA - choTA bagIcA, ye nAma bhI sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM / isI prakAra masAle, aGaga, pratyaGaga ke nAma, mAlA, senA, ke vibhinna nAma, vRkSalatA, pazupakSI evaM dhAnya Adi ke aneka navIna nAma Aye haiM / 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi' kI kula zloka saMkhyA 1542 hai jo prAya: amarakoza ke barAbara hI haiM, kintu abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM nAma aura unake paryAya atyadhika saMkhyA meM kahIM-kahIM duganI saMkhyA taka meM diye gaye haiM / inameM svopajJa vRtti meM kathita paryAya saMkhyA jor3a dI jAya to ukta saMkhyA kahIM-kahIM amarakoza se tigunI - caugunI taka pahu~ca jaaegii| udAharaNArtha - abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM sUrya ke 72 nAma Aye haiM, jabaki amarakoza meM 37, kiraNa ke 36, amarakoza amarakoza meM 11; candra ke 32, amarakoza meM 20; ziva ke 77, meM 48; gaurI ke 32, amarakoza meM 17; brahmA ke 40, amarakoza meM 20; viSNu ke 75, amarakoza meM 36; aura agni ke 51, amarakoza meM 34 nAma haiM / isI prakAra 'amarakoza' meM avarNita cakravartiyoM, ardhacakravartiyoM, utsapiNI tathA avasarpiNI, kAla ke tIrthakaroM evaM unake mAtA-pitA, varNacihna aura vaMza Adi kA bhI sAGgopAGga varNana prastuta grantha meM kiyA gayA hai / isake atirikta amarakoza meM alpasaMkhyaka nadiyoM, parvatoM, nagaroM, zAkhA nagaroM, bhojya padArthoM ke paryAyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA haiM, 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi' meM lagabhaga eka darjana nadiyoM; udayAcala, astAcala, himAcala, viMdhya Adi der3ha darjana parvatoM gayA, kAzI Adi sapta puriyoM ke sAtha kAnyakubja, mithilA, niSadhA, vidarbha lagabhaga der3ha darjana dezoM; vAlmIki, vyAsa, yAjJavalkya Adi granthakAra; maharSiyoM; azvinyAdi 27 nakSatroM aura sAGagoMpAGaya, grahAvayavoM ke sAtha bartanoM, sera, ghIvara, laDDU Adi vividha bhojya padArthoM tathA hATa-bAjAra Adi aneka nAmoM ke paryAya diye gaye hai / isa grantha kI mahatvapUrNa viziSTatA yaha hai ki granthakArokta zailI ke anusAra kavi rUr3hi prasiddha zatazaH yaugika paryAyoM kI racanA karake paryApta saMkhyA meM paryAya banAye jA sakate haiM, kintu kamarakoza meM ukta yA anya kisI bhI zailI se paryAya nirmita karane kI carcA taka nahIM kI gaI hai|

Page #141
hemacandra ke koza-grantha Upara nirdiSTa vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki amarakoza kI apekSA yaha zreSThatama saMskRta koza hai / ataeva yaha kathana satya hai ki AcArya hemacandrasUri ne isa grantha kI racanA kara saMskRta sAhitya ke zabda - bhANDAra kI pracuraparimANa meM vRddhi kI hai / 126 jahA~ zabdoM ke artha meM matabheda upasthita hotA hai vahA~ hemacandra anya grantha tathA granthakAroM ke vacana uddhRta kara usa mata-bheda kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiM / yathA - hemacandra ne gUMge bahare ke lie 'aneDamUka' zabda ko vyavahRta kiyA hai / inake mata meM 'eDamUka' 'anekamUka' aura 'avAkzruti' ye tIna paryAya gUGage-bahare ke lie Aye haiM; inhoMne mUka tathA avAk ye donoM nAma guGage ke lie likhe haiM / 'zaiSAzca' meM mUka ke lie jar3a tathA kar3a paryAya bhI batalAye haiM / isI prasaGga meM matabhinnatA batalAte hue 'kalamakastvavAkzrutiH itihalAyudhaH kaneDo'pi avarkaropa mUka : aneDamUka; 'andho hyaneDamUkaH syAt' iti bhAguri arthAt halAyudha ke mata meM andhe ko aneDamUka kahA hai / vaijayantIkAra ne jar3a ko 'aneDamUka' kahA hai aura bhAguri ne zaTha ko aneDamUka batalAyA hai, isa prakAra aneDamUka zabda anekArthaka hai / hemacandra ke saMskRta koza 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi' meM aneka zabda aise Aye haiM jo anya kozoM meM nahIM milte| amarakoza meM sundara ke paryAyavAcI 12 zabda diye haiM to hemacandra ne 26 zabda batalAye haiM / itanA hI nahIM hemacandra ne apanI vRtti meM 'laDaha' dezI zabda ko bhI saundaryavAcI mAnA hai / eka hI zabda ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM ko grahaNa kara unhoMne apane isa koza ko khUba samRddha banAyA hai| saikar3oM aise navIna zabda Aye haiM jinakA anyatra pAyA jAnA sambhava nahIM / yathA- jisake varNa yA pada lupta hoM, jisakA pUrA uccAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA ho usa vacana kA nAma 'grastam'; thUka sahita vacana kA nAma 'ambUkRtam' AyA hai| zubha vANI kA nAma kalyA, harSakrIr3A se yukta vacana ke nAma carcarI carmarI evaM nindApUrvaka upAlambhayukta vacana kA nAma paribhASaNa AyA hai / jale hue bhAta ke lie bhisTA aura dagdhikA nAma Aye haiN| gehU~ ke ATe ke lie samitA ( 3 / 66 ) aura jau ke ATe ke lie cikkasa ( 3 / 66 ) nAma Aye haiM / nAka kI vibhinna banAvaTa vAle vyaktiyoM ke vibhinna nAmoM kA ullekha bhI zabda saGakalana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai / cipaTI nAka vAle ke lie natanAsika, avanATa, avaTITa, avabhraTa; nukIlI nAkavAle ke lie - kharaNasa; choTInAka vAle ke lie 'naHkSudra' khura ke samAna bar3I nAkavAle ke lie - khuraNasa evaM U~cI nAka vAle ke

Page #142
130 AcArya hemacandra lie unnasa zabda saGkalita kiye gaye haiN| nirvIrA (3.194) pati-putra se pIna strI; naramAlinI (3|165)-jis strI ke dAr3hI yA mUMcha ke bAla hoM; bhAnavIyadAyI A~kha; saumya-bAyI A~kha (3 / 266); kulukam-jIbha kI maila, pippikA. dA~ta kI maila (3|266),dhviam-mRgcrm kA paMkhA; gAlAvartam-kapar3e kA paMkhA, paulindA-nA~va ke bIca vAlA DaNDA / upara kA bhAga maGga ; sekapAtra yA secana (6|542)-naaNv ke bhItara jame hue pAnI pheMkane kA camar3e kA pAtra; gopaansii(4|75)-chaapr chAne ke lie lagAyI gayI lakar3I;-viSkaMbha (4186)-jisameM bA~dhakara mathAnI ghumAyI jAtI hai vaha lakar3I, rUpyam (4|112-113)-sonaa, cA~dI, tA~be kA sikkA; ghanagolaka-mizrita sonA-cA~dI / tantrikA (4 / 157) kUe~ para rassI bA~dhane ke lie kASTa kI banI carakhI, Adi ye zabda apane bhItara sAMskRtika itihAsa bhI sameTe hue haiN| hemacandra kA koza-sAhitya meM sthAna- yadyapi vyAkaraNa, upamAna, koza, AptavAkya, vyavahAra Adi ko vyutpanna zabda kA zaktigrAhaka batalAyA hai to bhI unameM vyAkaraNa evaM koza hI mukhya haiN| inameM bhI vyAkaraNa ke prakRti-pratyaya-vizleSaNa dvArA prAyaH yaugika zabdoM kA hI zakti grAhaka hone se sarvavidha rUr3ha, yaugika tathA yogarUr3ha zabdoM kA abAdha jJAna koza ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se hemacandra kA sthAna na kevala saMskRta koza granthakAroM meM apitu sampUrNa koza sAhityakAroM meM akSuNNa hai| 'zeSAzca' kahakara anya zabdoM kA bhI inake koza meM sthAna hai / unhoMne tatkAlIna samaya taka pracalita evaM vyavahRta sabhI zabdoM ko apane koza meM sthAna diyA hai, yaha unake koza kI sarvazreSThatA kA eka kAraNa hai| unake koza jijJAsuoM ke lie kevala paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA saGkalanamAtra nahIM hai apitu isameM bhASA sambandhI bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI saGkalita hai| samAja aura saMskRti ke vikAsa ke sAtha bhASA ke aGaga-upAGgoM meM bhI vikAsa hotA hai aura bhAvAbhivyaJjanA ke lie naye-naye zabdoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / koza navIna tathA prAcIna sabhI prakAra ke zabda-samUha kA rakSaNa aura poSaNa karatA hai / hemacandra ne adhikAdhika zabdoM ko sthAna dete hue navIna aura prAcIna kA samanvaya upasthita kiyA hai / yathA-guptakAla ke bhukti-prAnta, viSaya-jilA yukta-jile kA sarvocca adhikArI, viSayapati-jilAdhIza, zaulkika-cuGgI vibhAga kA adhyakSa, gaulmika-jaGgala vibhAga kA adhyakSa, balAdhikRta-senAdhyakSa, mahAvalAdhikRt-phIlDa mArzala, akSayapaTalAdhipati-rekArDa kIpara-ityAdi naye zabda isameM grahaNa kiye gaye haiN|

Page #143
hemacandra ke koza-grantha hemacandra ke 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi koza' ke svopajJa vRtti meM aneka prAcIna AcAryoM ke pramANa Aye haiM / aneka zabdoM kI aisI vyutpattiyA~ bhI upasthita kI gayI haiM jinase una zabdoM kI Atma kathA likhI jA sakatI hai / zabdoM meM parivartana kisa prakAra hotA rahA hai; artha vikAsa kI dizA kaunasI rahI hai; yaha bhI vRtti se spaSTa hotA hai / udAharaNArtha - bhASyate bhASA, 'vaNyate vANI' zrUyate zrutiH, vigato dhavo bhartA asyA: vidhavA' samukhaM lapanaM saMlApaH sammukhaM kathanaM saGkathA, paDate jAnAti iti paNDitaH paNDA buddhiH saJjAtA asyeti vA, ityAdi / ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki zabdoM kI vyutpattiyA~ kitanI sArthaka haiM / ata: svopajJavRtti bhASA ke adhyayana ke lie bahuta Avazyaka hai / zabdoM kI nirukti ke sAtha unakI sAdhanikA bhI apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhatI hai / abhidhAnacintAmaNi aura bhASA vijJAna - bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se hemacandra kA 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi koza' bar3A mUlyavAna hai / hemacandra ke zabdoM para prAkRta, apabhra Mza evaM anya dezI bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA pUrNataH prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / aneka zabda to Adhunika bhASAoM meM dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / kucha zabda bhASA - vijJAna ke samIkaraNa, viSamIkaraNa ityAdi siddhAntoM se prabhAvita haiM / udAharaNArtha 1. polikA ( 3 / 62 ) - gujarAtI meM poNI, bRjabhASA meM ponI, bhojapurI meM piunI, hindI - piunI. 2. moda ko laDDukazca ( zeSa 364 ) - hindI - laDDU, gujarAtI - lADU, marAThI tathA rAjasthAnI-lADU, m 131 3. coTI ( 3 / 336 ) - hindI - coTI, gujarAtI - coNI, rAjasthAnI - cor3I yA cuNikA 4. samau kandukagendukau ( 3 / 353 ) - hindI - genda, brajabhASA - genda, marAThI - genda 5. heriko - gUr3ha puruSa: ( 31397 ) - brajabhASA meM - heraheranA, gujarAtI - hera 6. taravAri ( 3 / 446 ) - brajabhASA - taravAra, marAThI - talavAra; gujarAtI - taravAra 7. jaGagalo nirjala : ( 4 / 16 ) - brajabhASA, hindI tathA marAThI - jaMgala 8. cAlanI titaU ( 4 84 ) - brajabhASA tathA gujarAtI - cAlanI hindI - calanI tathA chalanI, rAjasthAnI - cAlanI. isa prakAra bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se, sAMskRtika itihAsa kI dRSTi se, zabda - jJAna kI dRSTi se hemacandra kA 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi koza' sarvotkRSTa evaM sarvAGgasundara hai / phira bhI apane koza kI pUrNatA hetu unhoMne pariziSTa rupa do aura koza likhe / tadanantara dezI - nAma - mAlA likhakara zabda koza kI samApti kI 1

Page #144
132 AcArya hemacandra hai / anekArthasaGagraha - AcArya hemacandra ne apanA 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi koza' "anekArthaM saGagraha" nAmaka pariziSTa koza likhakara pUrA kiyA hai / anekArtha saGagraha meM 7 kANDa aura 1636 zloka haiM / anukrama nimnAnusAra hai - ( 1 ) ekasvara kANDa - zloka 17, (2) dvi-svara kANDa - zloka 617, (3) tri-svara kANDazloka 814, (4) catusvara kANDa - zloka 356, (5) paJcam svara kANDa - zloka 57, (6) SaTsvara kANDa - zloka 7 tathA ( 7 ) pariziSTa kANDa - zloka 68 // prArambhika zloka meM hI tIrthakaroM ko praNAma karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki aba ve 6 adhyAyoM meM anekArtha saGagraha kI racanA karate haiM / jisameM eka hI zabda ke aneka artha diye gaye haiM / anekArthaka zabdoM ke isa saGagraha meM prArambha ekAkSara zabdoM se aura anta SaDakSara zabdoM se hotA hai / zabdoM kA krama Adima arraft a tathA antima kakArAdi vyaJjanoM ke anusAra calatA hai / 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' meM eka hI artha ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA saGagraha hai kintu anekArtha graha meM eka hI zabda ke aneka artha diye haiM / 1 AcArya hemacandra ke ziSya mahendrasUri ne unake nAma meM anekArthaM saGagraha para vRtti likhI / vRtti ke dvitIya adhyAya ke anta meM svayaM mahendrasUri hI isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM / ina kozoM se hemacandra ne saMskRta kozakAra ke rUpa kIrti prApta kI / hemacandra ke samaya meM tathA unake bAda bhI unake koza pramANa mAne jAte the / yaha kaI uddharaNoM se siddha hotA hai / udAharaNArtha "hemacandrazca rudrazcAmaro'yaM sanAtanaH " - dezI nAmamAlA * jisa prakAra 'zabdAnuzAsana' meM hemacandra ne prAkRta evaM apabhraMza kA vyAkaraNa likhakara zabdAnuzAsana ko pUrNatA pradAna kI usI prakAra koza sAhitya meM bhI unhoMne 'dezI nAmamAlA' likhakara koza sAhitya ko pUrNatA dI / 'dezI nAmamAlA' ke anta meM hemacandra ne spaSTa likhA hai ki unhoMne apane vyAkaraNa ke pariziSTa ke rUpa meM ukta kozoM kI racanA kI / vRtti meM unhoMne likhA hai ki zabdAnuzAsana ke 8 veM adhyAya kA pariziSTa dezI nAmamAlA koza hai | ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya hemacandra ke mata se ukta koza unake vyAkaraNa se sambandhita hai / 'dezI nAmamAlA' unake prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA hI eka bhAga hai / 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM bhI unhoMne zabdAnuzAsana zabda kA prayoga vyApaka artha meM hI kiyA hai jisameM vyAkaraNa tathA koza donoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / 1 - ekAdi paMcasvarAvyayAbhighaH pariziSThaH kANDa: - anekArtha saGagraha |

Page #145
hemacandra ke koza-grantha 133 dezI nAmamAlA meM 3678 dezI zabdoM kA saGkalana kiyA gayA hai| isake AdhAra para Adhunika bhASAoM ke zabdoM kI sAGagopAGaga vyutpatti likhI jA sakatI hai / vAstava meM dezI nAmoM kA saGgraha evaM suvyavasthita vibhAjana bar3A hI kaThina kArya thA / hemacandra svayaM kahate haiM ki dezya zabdoM kA saGgraha kaThina kArya hai / saGgraha karane para bhI unakA grahaNa karanA aura bhI kaThina hai aura isIlie hemacandra ne yaha kArya hAthoM meM liyaa| hemacandra ne dezI zabda strIliGga meM likhakara use bolI jAne vAlI bhASA se sambaddha kiyA hai| yaha bolI jAne vAlI bhASA saMskRta athavA prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke pare thii| ina dezI zabdoM kI vyutpatti saMskRta se nahIM ho sakatI thii| ataH ise nirarthaka zabdoM kA saGgraha kahakara DA0 bUlara mahodaya ne hemacandra kI AlocanA kI hai, kintu DA0 bUlara AlocanA karate samaya hemacandra ke mantavya ko samajha nahIM pAye / pro0 muralIdhara benarjI ne svasampAdita 'dezI nAmamAlA' ke prastAvanA meM isa prazna para yukti saGgata vicAra kiyA hai tathA hemacandra ke AlocakoM ko samucita uttara diyA hai| 'dezI nAmamAlA' meM likhita udAharaNoM ke sambandha meM pro0 pizela ne unheM mUrkhatApUrNa batalAyA hai tathA kahA ki unase koI sayuktika artha nahIM nikala sakatA / pro0 benarjI ne uttara dete hue likhA hai ki yadi gAthAoM ko zuddha rUpa meM par3hA jAya to unase hI sundara artha nikalatA hai| pratyeka rasika una gAthAoM ko sundara kavitA samajhakara par3hatA hai / ' phira bhI aneka gAthAoM ke saMzodhana kI abhI bhI AvazyakatA hai / 1- "These examples are either void of all sense or of an incr edible stupidity............It was most disgusting task to make out the sense of these examples, some of which have remained rather obscure to me." (P. 8. Introduction to Desinammala B. S. S.) "If the illustrative gathas of Hemchandra which have appeared to Pischel as examples of 'extreme absurdity' or non-sense are read correcting the errors made by the copyists in the manner explained above, they will yield very good sense. A few examples of such corrected readings are given below to make the point clear ( P. P. XLIII to LI ). After discussing this point in detail Prof. Banerjee comes

Page #146
134 AcArya hemacandra dezI nAmamAlA ( rayaNAvali ) - AcArya hemacandra kA dezI zabdoM kA yaha zabdakoza bahuta mahatvapUrNa aura upayogI hai / prAkRta-bhASA kA yaha zabda-bhANDAra tIna prakAra ke zabdoM se yukta hai-tatsama, tadbhava aura deshii| tatsama ve zabda haiM, jinakI dhvaniyA~ saMskRta ke samAna hI rahatI haiM, jinameM kisI bhI prakAra kA varNa-vikAra utpanna nahIM hotA, jaise nIra, kaGaka, kaNTha, tAla, tIra, devI aadi| jina zabdoM ko saMskRta dhvaniyoM meM varNa lopa, varNAMgama, varNa-vikAra, athavA varNa-parivartana ke dvArA jJAta karAyA jAe, ve tadbhava kahalAte haiM; jaise agra-agga, iSTa-iThTha, dharma -dhamma, gaja-gaya, dhyAna-dhANa, pazcAta-pacchA Adi / jina prAkRta zabdoM kI vyutpatti-prakRti pratyaya vidhAna sambhava na ho aura jisakA artha mAtra rUr3hi para avalambita ho to ina zabdoM ko dezya yA dezI kahate haiM, jaise agaya-daitya, AkAsiya-paryApta, irAva-hasti, palAvila-dhanADhya, chAsI-chAza, cor3ha-bilva / dezI nAmamAlA meM jina zabdoM kA saGkalana kiyA gayA hai unakA svarUpa nirdhAraNa svayaM AcArya hema ne kiyA hai| jo zabda na to vyAkaraNa se vyutpanna haiM aura na saMskRta kozoM meM nibaddha haiM tathA lakSaNA-zakti ke dvArA bhI jinakA artha prasiddha nahI hai, aise zabdoM kA saGakalana isa koza meM karane kI pratijJA AcArya hema ne kI hai / "desa visesa pasiddhIha bhaNNabhANA aNantayA hunti / tamhA aNAipAi apayaTTa bhAsA visesao dezI" dezI zabdoM se yahA~ mahArASTra, vidarbha, AbhIra Adi pradezo meM pracalita zabdoM kA saGkalana bhI nahIM samajhanA caahiye| deza vizeSa meM pracalita zabda ananta haiN| ata: unakA saGkalana sambhava nahIM haiM / anAdi kAla se pracalita prAkRta bhASA hI dezI hai| koSakAra kA 'dezI' se abhiprAya spaSTataH una zabdoM se haiM jo prAkRta sAhitya kI bhASA aura usakI boliyoM meM pracalita haiM; tathApi na to vyAkaraNoM se yA alaGa kAra kI rIti se siddha hote aura na saMskRta ke to the conclusion, "As the gathas when read in this way give a good sense, they can no longer be regarded as examples of 'incredible stupidity'. They will be appreciated, it is hoped by every lover of poetry as a remarkable feat of ingenuity worthy of Hemchandra and far beyond the capacity of his disciples to whom Pischel is inclined to ascribe them" (PLI)

Page #147
hemacandra ke koza-grantha 135 koSoM meM pAye jAte haiN| isa mahAn kArya meM udyata hone kI preraNA unheM kahA~ se milI-yaha hemacandra ne dUsarI gAthA aura usakI svopajJa TIkA meM spaSTIkaraNa kara diyA hai| jaba unhoMne upalabhya niHzeSa dezI zabdoM kA parizIlana kiyA, taba unheM jJAta huA ki koI zabda hai to sAhitya kA, kintu usakA prayoga karatekarate kucha aura hI artha ho rahA hai, kisI zabda meM varSoM kA anukrama nizcita nahIM hai, kisI ke prAcIna aura vartamAna deza-pracalita artha meM virodha hai tathA kahIM gatAnugati se kucha kA kucha artha hone lagA hai / taba AcArya ko yaha AkulatA utpanna huI ki are, aise apabhraSTa zabdoM ke kIcar3a meM phaMse hue logoM kA kisa prakAra uddhAra kiyA jAya / basa isI kutUhalavaza ve isa dezI zabda saGgraha ke kArya meM pravRtta ho gaye / hemacandra ne uparyukta pratijJA-vAkya meM batAyA hai ki jo vyAkaraNa se siddha na hoM, ve dezI zabda haiM; aura isa koza meM isa prakAra ke dezI zabdoM ke saGkalana kI pratijJA kI gayI hai| para isameM Adhe se adhika zabda aise haiM, jinakI vyutpattiyA~ vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ke AdhAra para siddha ho jAtI haiM; jaise abhayaNNiggamo-amRtAnirgama / hemacandra ne saMskRta zabda koza meM isa zabda ke na milane ke kAraNa hI ise dezI zabdoM meM sthAna diyA hai| isI prakAra DIlA, halua, aihArA, thero zabda dezI nAmamAlA meM dezI mAne gaye hai| aura prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM saMskRta niSpanna / isa koza meM 4058 zabda saMkalita haiM-isameM tatsama zabda 180, garbhita tadbhava-1850, saMzayayukta tadbhava-528, avyutpAdita prAkRta zabda-1500, varNakrama se likhe gaye isa koza meM 8 adhyAya haiM aura kula 783 gAthAyeM haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM isameM aisI aneka gAthAyeM uddhRta haiM jinameM mUla meM prayukta zabdoM ko upasthita kiyA gayA hai / ina gAthAoM kA sAhityika mUlya bhI kama nahIM hai| kitanI hI gAthAoM meM virahaNiyoM kI cittavRtti kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNoM kI gAthAoM kA racayitA kauna hai, yaha vivAdAspada hai| zailI aura zabdoM ke udAharaNoM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki inake racayitA bhI AcArya hema hone caahiye| zabda-vivecana ke sambandha meM abhimAna cihna, avanti, sundarI, gopAla, devarAja, droNa, ghanapAla, pAThodUkhala, pAdaliptAcArya, rAhulaka, zAmba, zIlaGka aura sAtavAhana ina 12 zAstrakAroM tathA sAratara dezI aura abhimAna cihna ina do dezI zabdoM ke sUtra pAThoM ke ullekha milate haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dezI zabdoM ke aneka koza granthakAra ke sammukha the|

Page #148
136 __ AcArya hemacandra koza meM saGgrahIta nAmoM kI saMkhyA pro0 benarjI ke anusAra 3978 hai jinameM yathArtha dezI ve kevala 1500 mAnate haiM, zeSa meM 100 tatsama, 1850 tadbhava aura 528 saMzayAtmaka tadbhava zabda batalAte haiN| isa koza kI nimnAM. kita vizeSatAe~ hai1- sundara sAhityika udAharaNoM kA saGkalana kiyA gayA hai / 2- saGkalita zabdoM kA Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke sAtha sambandha sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 3- aise zabdoM kA saGakalana kiyA hai, jo anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai| 4- aise zabda saGkalita haiM, jinake AdhAra para usa kAla ke rahana-sahana aura rIti-rivAjoM kA yatheSTa jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 5- parivartita arthavAle aise zabdoM kA saGakalana kiyA gayA hai, jo sAMskRtika . itihAsa ke lie atyanta mahatvapUrNa aura upayogI haiN| sAhityika saundarya- udAhRta gAthAoM se aneka gAthAo kA sarasatA, bhAvataralatA evaM kalAgata saundarya kI dRSTi se gAthA-saptazatI ke samAna mUlya hai| inameM zRgAra, ratibhAvanA, nakha-zikha citraNa, dhaniko ke vilAsabhAva, raNabhUmi kI vIratA, saMyoga, viyoga, kRpaNoM kI kRpaNatA, prakRti ke vibhinna rUpa, dRzya, nArI kI masRNa aura mAMsala bhAvanAe~ evaM nAnA prakAra ke ramaNIya dRzya aGkita haiN| vizva kI kisI bhI bhASA ke koza meM isa prakAra ke sarasa padya udAharaNa ke rUpa meM nahIM milate / kozagata zabdoM kA artha udAharaNa dekara avagata karA denA hemacandra kI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA hI kArya hai| udAharaNArtha- AyAvalo ya bAlayavammi AvAlayaM ca jalaNiyaDe / ADoviyaM ca Arosiyammi ArAiyaM gahie / / 1-70 AyavalI-bAlaAtapa, AlAlayaM-jalanikaTaM, ADoviyaM-Aropitam ArAiyaMgrahitam artha meM prayukta hai, ina zabdoM kA yathArtha prayoga avagata karane ke lie udAharaNa meM nimnAMkita gAthA upasthita kI gayI hai / AyAvale pasarie ki ADovasi rahaMGa ! NiyadahayaM / - ArAiya visakando AvAlaThiyaM pasAesu / / 70 prathama varga he cakravAla ! sUrya ke bAla Atapa ke phaila jAne para, udaya hone para, tuma apanI strI ke Upara kyoM krodha karate ho ? tuma kamalanAla lekara jala ke nikaTa baiThI huI apanI bhAryA ko prasanna kro| isa prakAra 75 pratizata zRgArAtmaka gAthAe~ haiM / 65 gAthAe~ kumArapAla kI prazaMsA viSayaka haiM tathA zeSa anya haiM /

Page #149
hemacandra ke koza-grantha 137 Adhunika bhASA-zabdoM se sAmya dezI nAmamAlA kA mahatva bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| bhArata kI prAntIya bhASAoM para dezI nAmamAlA se paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| koza meM aise aneka zabda saGgrahIta haiM jinase marAThI, kannar3a, gujarAtI, avadhI, brajabhASA aura bhojapurI ke zabdoM kI vyutpatti sidhda kI jA sakatI hai / udAharaNArtha-ammA (15) hindI kI vibhinna grAmINa boliyoM meM yaha isI artha meM prayukta hai| cullIha ulli-udANA (187) bhojapurI, rAjasthAnI, brajabhASA aura avadhI meM cUlhA, gujarAtI meM cUlo, bundelI meM cUlau aura khar3I bolI meM cUlhA, oDaDharNa uttarayim (1 / 155) rAjasthAnI-aur3hanI brajabhASA, avadhI, gujarAtI-or3hanI / kaTArI kssurikaa-(2|4) hindI kI sabhI grAmINa boliyoM meM kaTArI, saMskRta kartarI se sambandha kiyA jA sakatA hai / kandomUlasAkam (2 / 1) hindI, baMgalA tathA maithilI meM kanda, saMskRta meM bhI prayukta / khaDDA (khani) (2 / 66) hindI meM khaDDA / cAulA (taNDUlA) (38) hindI meM cAvala / DhaMkanI pidhAnikA (4 / 14) hindI meM ddhknii| isI prakAra saMskRti sUcaka zabda bhI paryApta mAtrA meM milate haiN| udAharaNArtha-keza-racanA, bavvarI (6|60)-saamaany keza-racanA, phuNTA (6|84)-rukhe keza bA~dhane ke lie, olAggirbha (11172)-jUr3A bA~dhane ke lie; kumbhI (2 / 34 ) sundara DhaMga se sajAye gaye keza vinyAsa, Dhumantao (547 ) rukhe bAla lapeTanA, aNarAho (1 / 24) sira para raMgIna kapar3A lapeTanA, nIraMgI (5 // 31) avaguNThana, vasantotsava (phaggU) 6 / 82, AluMkI (1 / 53) lukAchipI kA khela, amboccI-puSpalAvI (16) puSpacayana karane vAlI mAlina ambasamI (1|37)baasaa bhojana, aamlyN(1|67) alaGkaraNa karane kA ghara uAlI (160) sone ke bane karNAbhUSaNa, ullarayaM (1 / 160) kaur3iyoM ke AbhUSaNa, avareiA (171) zarAba vitarita karane kA bartana, DoMgilI (4 / 12) pAnadAna, vaNNayaM (7 / 37) candanacUrNaM / isa prakAra yaha prAkRta- koza sAhitya aura saMskRti viSayaka zodha aura

Page #150
AcArya hemacandra adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai / dezI zabdoM ke sambandha kI sImAoM kA kozakAra ne bar3I sAvadhAnI se pAlana kiyA hai, jisakA kucha anumAna hameM unakI svayaM banAyI huI TIkA ke avalokana se hotA hai / yathA - Arambha meM hI ajja zabda grahaNa kiyA hai usakA prayoga 'jina' ke artha meM batalAyA hai / TIkA meM prazna uThAyA hai ki ajja to svAmI kA paryAyavAcI Arya zabda se siddha hotA / isakA uttara unhoMne yaha diyA hai ki use yahAM grantha ke Adi meM maMgalavAcI samajha kara grahaNa kara liyA hai / 18 vIM gAthA meM aviNayavara zabda jAra ke artha meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / TIkA meM kahA hai| isa zabda kI vyutpatti avinaya vara se hote hue bhI saMskRta meM usakA yaha artha prasiddha nahIM hai, aura isalie use yahA~ dezI mAnA gayA hai / 67 vIM gAthA meM AraNAla kA artha kamala batalAyA gayA hai, TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki usakA vAcika artha yahA~ isaliye nahIM grahaNa kiyA gayA kyoMki vaha saMskRtodbhava hai / 'Asiyaa' lohe ke ghar3e ke artha meM batalAkara TIkA meM kahA hai ki kucha loga ise ayas se utpanna Ayasika kA apabhraMza rUpa bhI mAnate haiM / unako saMskRta TIkA meM isa prakAra se zabdoM ke spaSTIkaraNa va vivecana ke atirikta gAthAoM ke dvArA dezI zabdoM ke prayoga ke udAharaNa bhI diye haiM / aisI gAthAyeM 634 pAyI jAtI haiM / 138 pUrva granthoM ke samAna isa grantha meM bhI hemacandra ne pUrva lekhakoM kA samucita upayoga kiyA hai| dezI nAmamAlA meM unhoMne 20 grantha-kartAoM kA evaM do kozoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / ina grantha-kartAoM meM eka nAma avanti sundarI kA hai / sambhavataH yaha paNDita rAjazekhara kI patnI hogI jinheM rAjazekhara ne apanI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM eka adhikAriNI ke rUpa meM dikhAyA hai| hemacandra ne dezI nAmamAlA meM dhanapAla, devarAja, gopAla, droNa, abhimAna cihna, pAdaliptAcArya, zIlAGka nAmaka kozakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai / dhanapAla kI 'pAiyalacchI nAmamAlA' upalabdha hai / 4- nighaNTu - abhidhAna cintAmaNi koza, anekArthaM saMgraha, dezI nAmamAlA sampAdana karane ke pazcAt anta meM AcArya hemacandra ne 'nighaNTuzeSa' nAmaka vanaspati koza kI racanA kI / yaha unake prArambhika zloka se vidita hotA hai" / yaha vanauSadhi kA eka koza hai / nighaNTu meM bhI 6 kANDa haiM tathA 366 zloka haiM / inameM sabhI vanaspatiyoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM / isake vRkSa, gulma, latA, zAka, tRNa aura dhAnya 6 kANDa haiM / vaidyaka zAstra ke lie bhI isa koza kI atyadhika upayogitA hai / kANDa vivaraNa nimna anusAra hai 1 - nighaNTuzeSa - prArambhika zloka

Page #151
hemacandra ke koza-grantha 136 nighaNTu zeSa : 1. vRkSakANDa zloka 1860-2070, 2. gulma , , 2071-2175, 3. latA , , 2176-2220, 4. zAka ,, , 2221-2252, 5. tRNa , , 2253-2270, 6. dhAnya ,, , 2271-2285, isa koza para abhI taka koI vatti prApta nahIM hotI hai| isa koza se hemacandra kA zabda-zAstra kA kArya sampUrNa hotA hai| paJcAGga sahita siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana (unake vRttiyoM sahita) tathA vRtti sahita tInoM koza evaM 'nighaNTu zeSa' yaha saba milAkara hemacandra kA zabdAnuzAsana pUrNa hotA hai| isa prakAra hemacandra ne gujarAta ke jJAna-pipAsu adhyayanArthI ke lie-aura isa mAdhyama se bhArata ke jJAnecchu pAThakoM ke liye, zabda-zAstra ke adhyayanArtha sarvotkRSTa granthoM kI racanA kI / vizeSa jJAna prApta karane ke icchuka pAThakoM ke lie unhoMne vistRta jAnakArI se yukta vRttiyA~ likhiiN| adhyayana ke lie hemacandra ke granthoM kA mahatva sadaiva akSuNNa rhegaa| isa prakAra cAlukya nareza siddharAja jayasiMha kI icchA usake vaibhava aura ucca stara ke anusAra kAryarUpa meM pariNata huI aura sAhitya kI pratyeka zAkhA meM siddharAja jayasiMha ke Azraya meM gujarAta ne sarvotkRSTatA prApta kii| hama kaha sakate haiM ki siddharAja jayasiMha ne na kevala AcArya hemacandra ke rUpa meM eka jIvanta vizvavidyAlaya khar3A kiyA apitu adhyayana ke jJAnapUrNa . granthoM kA samUha bhI prastuta kiyaa| eka gujarAtI kavi ne 'hema' zabda para koTi likhate hue ThIka hI kahA hai| 'hema pradIpa pragaTAvI sarasvatIno sArthakaya kI dhuM nija nAmanu siddharAje' arthAt siddharAja ne sarasvatI kA hema pradIpa jalAkara (suvarNa dIpaka athavA hemacandra) apanA 'siddha'nAma sArthaka kara diyaa| 1- rAnako devI kAvya-sa0 rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka /

Page #152
adhyAya:6 dArzanika evaM dhArmika grantha a. bhAratIya darzana meM jaina-darzana kA sthAna- IsA kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI pUrva vaidika karma-kANDa ke virodha meM eka mahAn krAnti kA sUtrapAta huA, jisake netA the mahAvIra svAmI aura gautama buddha / dharma ke kSetra meM yaha vaimanasya sAhitya ke kSetra meM atyanta zubha siddha huaa| bhAratIya SaD darzana kI abhyunnati meM bhI isa krAnti kA hAtha rahA hai / isa dRSTi se bhAratIya itihAsa meM evaM bhAratIya darzana meM jaina-dharma evaM darzana kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai / usa samaya pArasparika spardhA ke kAraNa sAhitya ke atirikta sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI adbhuta, unnati huii| bhArata ke dhArmika itihAsa meM jaina-dharma kA pramukha sthAna hai| bhAratIya sAhitya ko preraNA, protsAhana aura pragati pradAna karane meM jaina-dharmAvalambI AcAryoM kA pramukha yoga rahA hai / apane Arambhika kAla meM jaina-dharma ko virodha kA sAmanA karanA par3A kintu uttarottara usameM samanvaya evaM sAmaJjasya kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa huA aura Aja bhArata kA sArA jana-mAnasa jaina-dharma ko paramAdara kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| bhArata ke dhArmika itihAsa meM pragatizIla dharmoM meM jaina-dharma kI gaNanA hotI hai / ataH isa deza kI saMskRti ke nirmANa meM jaina-darzana kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| sAmAnyataH jana-dharma aura hindU-dharma meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai / jaina-dharma kevala vaidika karma-kANDa ke pratibandhoM evaM usake hiMsA sambandhI vidhAnoM ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai / vedoM meM varNita ahiMsA aura tapa ko hI jainoM ne apanAyA hai / sAdhanA aura vairAgya kI bhAvanA unhoMne vedAnta se grahaNa kii| zramaNa para

Page #153
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha 141 mparA kA janmadAtA jaina-dharma hai| satyataH do cintana dhArAyeM bahatI haiN| pahalI paramparA-mUlaka jJAna ke saMrakSita svarUpa ke anugamana para jora detI hai / vaha brAhmaNa-vAdI paramparA hai / dUsarI cintanadhArA pragati-zIla hai, jJAna ko vikAsazIla mAnatI hai, isameM yajJa ke sthAna para AcaraNa ko mahatva hai, devayajana ke Upara manuSyatva ko mahatva hai, niH zreyasa ke liye mAnavIya puruSArtha kA mahatva hai, yaha zrAmaNya paramparA kahalAtI hai / jaina-dharma kA triratna-samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak caritra hindU-dharma ke bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga tathA karmayoga kA hI rUpAntara hai / isa prakAra jaina-dharna mUlataH hindU-dharma, vizeSata: vaiSNava sampradAya ke, adhika pAsa hai / dArzanika dRSTikoNa se bhI brAhmaNoM ke sA~khya aura yoga-darzanoM ke nirIzvaravAda se jaina-dharma kI paryApta samAnatA hai| sRSTi aura brahma kI pRthak sattA kA jitanA samarthaka kapila kA sA~khya hai, utanA hI jaina-darzana bhii| vedAnta kA mumukSu yA jIvanmukta hI jaina-darzana kA siddhajIva evaM arhat hai| donoM darzana AtmA kI sattA kI svIkAra karate haiM, aura brahma-sAkSAtkAra ke lie AtmA ke vikAsa para jora dete haiN| AtmA aura mokSa ke svarUpa sambandha dRSTi meM rakhakara vicAra kiyA jAya to jaina-darzana utanA hI Astika ThaharatA hai jitanA ki brAhmaNa darzana / jaina-darzana AtmA kA caramoddezya sAdhanA evaM tapazcaryA ko batAtA hai, vedAnta meM bhI jIvanmukta ke lie brahma taka pahu~canA anivArya batAyA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA atyanta vizAla evaM vistRta hai| jaina-mata kA avirbhAva vaidika mata ke bAda meM huaa| digambara zvetAmbaroM kA AvirbhAva 300 I0 pU0 meM ho cukA thaa| bhadra, sAhU~ Adi digambara sampradAya ke pravartaka evaM sthUlabhadra Adi zvetAmbara sampradAya ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiM / sthUlabhadra kA paralokavAsa 252 I0 pU0 meM ho cukA thaa| madhyayugIna nyAya-zAstra ke itihAsa meM jainoM kA eka vizeSa sthAna hai / akalaGaka kA 'nyAya vArtika' svAmI vidyAnanda kA 'zloka vAtika', samantabhadra kI 'Apta mImAMsA', haribhadrasUri ke 'SaDdarzana samuccaya' mallisena kI 'syAdvAda maMjarI' ityAdi granthoM meM naiyAyika dRSTi se jaina siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jaina-dharma kI sabase bar3I dena 'syAdavAda vAda' hai / usameM savikalpa mAnavIya jJAna kI alpanA kI anubhUti kUTa-kUTa kara bharI hai / vastutaH vItarAgatA, sampUrNa vItarAgatA jaina-dharma kA lakSya hai| ___ jaina-dharma kI aneka zAkhAyeM aura upa-zAkhAyeM haiM / jaina-dharma kI paramparA bhArata meM Aja bhI jIvita hai| isakA eka mAtra kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAratIya dharma evaM darzana meM jaina-dharma kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| samanvayavAda, jise anekAnta

Page #154
142 . .. AcArya hemacandra vAda se pukArA jAtA hai-kA sAkSAt darzana pradAna kara jaina-darzana ne bhAratIya darzana meM apanA anyatama sthAna banA liyA hai| zrAmaNya vicAra-paramparA kA janmadAtA hone ke kAraNa aura zramaNa saMskRti kA pravartaka hone ke kAraNa Aja jaina-dharma zramaNa pradhAna-jisameM AcaraNa ko pramukhatA dI gayI hai-bana gayA hai / hemacandra ke dArzanika grantha - pramANa mImAMsA __ AcArya hemacandra ne apanI sampUrNa sAhitya sarjanA eka vizeSa hetu kI pUrti arthAt jaina-dharma ke pracAra hetu kI hai / ata: unake pratyeka grantha meM-phira vaha kAvya ho yA stuti ho yA purANa ho, jaina dharma evaM darzana ke ucca tatva ratna aMtarnihita haiN| unakI 'vItarAga-stuti' athavA 'dvAtriMzikA' kAvya, sabhI meM dArzanika tatva guthe haiN| phira bhI vizuddha dArzanika koTi meM gaNanIya unakA eka mAtra apUrNa grantha hai-aura vaha hai unakA 'pramANa mImAMsA' nAmaka grantha / AcArya hemacandra ke darzana grantha-'pramANa mImAMsA' meM yadyapi unakI mUla sthApanAe~ viziSTa nahIM hai phira bhI jaina pramANa-zAstra ko sudRr3ha karane meM, akATya tarkoM para supratiSThita karane meM pramANa mImAMsA'kA viziSTa sthAna hai / unake dvArA racita 'pramANamImAMsA' pramANa prameya kI sAGagopAGaga jAnakArI pradAna karane meM sakSama hai| anekAntavAda, pramANa, pAramArthika pratyakSa kI tAtvikatA indriya-jJAna kA vyApAra-krama, parokSa ke prakAra, anumAnAvayavoM kI prAyogika vyavasthA, nigraha-sthAna, jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA, sarvajJatva kA samarthana Adi mUla viSayoM para isa laghu grantha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kali-kAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandrasUri kI antima kRti 'pramANa mImAMsA' kA prajJAcakSu paM0 zrI sukhalAla jI dvArA sampAdana kiyA gayA tathA siMdhI jaina granthamAlA ke dvArA I0 sa0 1936 meM prakAzana huA / 'pramANa mImAMsA' sUtrazailI kA grantha hai / yaha akSapAda gautama ke sUtroM kI taraha pAMca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai aura pratyeka adhyAya kaNAda yA akSapAda ke adhyAya ke samAna do AnhikoM meM parisamApta hai / isameM gautama ke prasiddha nyAyasUtroM ke adhyAya Anhika kA hI vibhAga rakhA gayA hai, jo hemacandra ke pUrva zrI akalaMka ne jaina vAGmaya meM zurU kiyA thaa| durbhAgya kI bAta hai ki yaha grantha pUrNa rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hai / isa samaya taka sUtra 100 hI upalabdha haiM tathA utane hI sUtroM kI vRtti bhI hai| aMtima upalabdha 2:1:35 kI vRtti pUrNa hone ke bAda eka naye sUtra kA utthAna unhoMne zurU kiyA aura usa adhUre utthAna meM hI khaNDita labhyagrana pUrNa ho jAtA hai| upalabdha grantha do adhyAya tIna Anhika mAtra hai jo svopajJavRtti

Page #155
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha 143 sahita hI hai| sambhavata: AcArya apanI vRddhAvasthA meM isa grantha ko pUrNa nahIM kara sake, athavA sambhava hai ki zeSa bhAga kAla kavalita ho gayA ho| ise grantha meM hemacandra kI bhASA vAcaspati mizra kI taraha napI-tulI, zabdADambara zUnya, sahaja, sarala hai ; usameM na ati saMkSiptatA hai aura na adhika vistAra / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se darzana-zAstra kI paribhASA kA adhyayana karane vAloM ke lie 'pramANa mImAMsA' mahatvapUrNa hai / bhAratIya darzana vidyA ke brAhmaNa, bauddha aura jaina ina tInoM matoM kI tAtvika paribhASAoM meM aura lAkSaNika byAkhyAoM meM kisa prakAra kramazaH vikasana, vardhana aura parivartana hotA gayA yaha jJAna isa grantha ke adhyayana se ho jAtA hai| sUtra tathA usakI vRtti kI tulanA meM aneka jaina, bauddha aura vaidika granthoM kA upayoga unhoMne kiyA hai| 'pramANa mImAMsA' kA uddezya kevala pramANoM kA carcA karanA nahIM hai| apitu pramANanaya aura sopAya bandha mokSa ityAdi parama puruSArthopayogI viSayoM kI carcA karanA hai| hemacandra ne 'svaprakAzatva' ke sthApana aura aikAnhika 'paraprakAzatva' ke khaNDana meM bauddha, prabhAkara, vedAnta, Adi sabhI svaprakAzavAdiyoM kI yuktiyoM kA saMgrahAtmaka upayoga kiyA hai| zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM bhI hemacandra kI khAsa vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne grahIta-grAhI aura grahISyamANagrAhI donoM kA samatva dikhAkara sabhI dhArAvAhI jJAnoM meM prAmANya kA samarthana kiyA hai aura yaha samarthana karate hue sampradAya nirapekSa tArkikatA kA paricaya karAyA hai / yadyapi ve jinabhadra, haribhadra devasUri tInoM ke anugAmI haiM tathApi vedhAraNA ke lakSaNa sUtra meM digambarAcArya akalaGka, vidyAnanda, Adi kA zabdaza: anusaraNa karate haiM / jinabhadra ke mantavya kA khaNDana na karake, hemacandra samanvaya karate haiM / anumAna-nirUpaNa meM bhI hemacandra ne pUrvavartI tArkikoM ke anusAra vaidika paramparA sammata trividha anumAna praNAlI kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA kintu anumAna praNAlI ko vyApaka banA diyA hai, jisase asaGgati dUra ho gyii| 'pramANa mImAMsA' kA Abhyantara svarUpa- 'athAto brahma jijJAsA' ke anusAra AcArya hemacandra ne bhI apane grantha kA Arambha 'atha pramANa mImAMsA' 1 / 1 / 1 sUtra se kiyA hai aura phira upodghAta ke vistAra meM na jAte hue ekadama dUsare hI sUtra meM pramANa kI laghutama evaM saralatama paribhASA prastuta kI hai / 'samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam' 1 / 1 / 2 unakA pramANa vibhAga vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai| unake anusAra pramANa do haiM-pratyakSa aura parokSa / AcArya kA yaha pramANa vibhAga do dRSTiyoM se anya paramparAoM kI apekSA vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai| eka to eka

Page #156
144 AcArya hemacandra vibhAga meM Ane vAle pramANa dUsare vibhAga se asaGkIrNa rUpa se alaga ho jAte haiM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sabhI pramANa binA khIMca-tAna ke isa vibhAga meM samA jAte haiM / pratyakSa anubhava ko sAmane rakhakara AcArya jI ne pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do mukhya vibhAga kiye jo eka dUsare se bilakula alaga haiM / isameM na to cArvAka kI taraha parokSAnubhava kA apalApa hai, na bauddha-darzana-sammata pratyakSa anumAna dvaividhya kI taraha Agama Adi itara pramANa vyApAroM kA apalApa hai, na trividha pramANavAdI sAMkhya tathA prAcIna vaizeSika, na caturvidha pramANavAdI naiyAyika, paccavidha pramANavAdI prabhAkara, Savidha pramANavAdI mImAMsaka, saptavidha yA aSTavidha pramANavAdI paurANika Adi kI taraha apanI pramANa saMkhyA kA apalApa hai| cAhe jitane pramANa hoM, ve yA to pratyakSa hoMge yA parokSa / isa prakAra pramANa zakti kI maryAdA ke viSaya meM jaina darzana kA yA kaheM hemacandra indriyAdhipatya tathA anindriyAdhipatya donoM svIkAra karake ubhayAdhipatya kA hI samarthana karate haiN| pratyakSa kA tAtvika vivecana karate hue AcArya hemacandra kI mata hai ki indriyA~ kitanI hI paTu kyoM na hoM, para ve antata: haiM paratantra hI ! paratantrajanita jJAna ko apekSA svataMtra-janita jJAna ko hI pratyakSa mAnanA nyAya saGgata hai| svatantra AtmA ke Azrita jJAna hI pratyakSa haiM / AcArya ke ye vicAra tatvaciMtana meM maulika haiN| aisA hote hue bhI loka-siddha pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahakara unhoMne anekAnta daSTi kA upayoga kiyA hai| ___'pramANa mImAMsA' meM sannipAtarUpa prAthamika indriya vyApAra se lekara antima indriya vyApAra taka kA vizleSaNa evaM spaSTatA ke sAtha anubhava siddha ativistRta varNana hai / yaha varNana Adhunika mAnasa-zAstra tathA indriya vyApAra-zAstra kA vaijJAnika adhyayana karane vAloM ke lie bahuta mahatva kA hai| AcArya ne sabhI prakAra ke jJAnoM ko pramANa koTi meM antarbhukta kiyA jinake bala para vAstavika vyavahAra calatA hai| sabhI pramANa-prakAroM ko unhoMne parokSa ke antargata lekara apanI samanvaya dRSTi kA paricaya karAyA hai| ve indriyoM kA svatantra sAmarthya mAnate haiN| usI prakAra anindriya arthAt mana aura AtmA donoM kA alaga-alaga bhI svatantra sAmarthya mAnate haiN| ve sabhI AtmAoM kA svatantra pramANa sAmarthya mAnate hai pramANa sAmarthya mAnate hai| isake viparIta nyAyadarzana ke anusAra kevala Izvara mAtra kA pramANa sAmarthya iSTa hai, kintu hemacandra kI dRSTi se anindriya kA bhI pramANa sAmarthya iSTa hai, indriyoM kA pramANa-sAma

Page #157
145 dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha kArya bhI mAnya hai / dharmA-dharma ke viSaya meM kevala Agana nahIM, mana, AtmA donoM kA pramANa-sAmarthya iSTa haiN| jaina tArkikoM ke anusAra 'pramANa-mImAMsA' meM bhI hetu kA ekamAtra anyathA-nupapatti rUpa nizcita kiyA gayA jo usakA nirdoSa lakSaNa bhI ho sake aura saba matoM ke samanvaya ke sAtha jo sarvamAnya bhI ho| hetu ke aise ekamAtra tAtvika rUpa ke nizcita karane kA tathA usake dvArA 3,4,5,6, pUrva prasiddha hetu rUpoM ke yathA sambhava svIkAra karane kA zreya jaina tArkikoM ke sAtha AcArya hemacandra kI hI hai / parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM kI saMkhyA kA nirNaya zrotA kI yogyatA ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| avayava prayoga kI yaha vyavasthA vastutaH sarva saGgrAhiNI hai / anya paramparAoM meM zAyada hI yaha dekhI jAtI hai / AcArya hemacanda ke samaya sambhavataH tatva-cintana meM jalpa, vitaNDA, kathA kA calAnA pratiSThA samajhA jAne lagA thA, jo chala jAti Adi ke asatya dAMvapecoM para hI nirbhara thaa| hemacandra ne apane tarka-zAstra meM kathA kA eka vAdAtmaka rupa hI sthira kiyA, jisameM chala Adi kisI bhI kapaTa-vyavahAra kA prayoga vayaM hai| "tatvasaMrakSArtha praznikAdi samakSaM sAdhana dUSaNa vadanaM vAda:" (2 / 1 / 30), kathA vahI jo ekamAtra tatva-jijJAsA kI dRSTi se calAyI jAtI hai / isa prakAra eka mAtra vAda kathA ko hI pratiSThita banAne kA mArga jaina tAkikoM ne prazasta kiyA hai / vAda ke sAtha hI hemacandrAcArya ne apanI 'pramANa mImAMsA' meM jayaparAjaya vyavasthA kA nayA nirmANa kiyA hai / yaha nayA nirmANa satya aura ahiMsA donoM tatvoM para pratiSThita huA hai| yaha jaya-parAjaya kI pUrva vyavasthA meM nahIM thaa| prameya aura pramatA ke svarUpa-jaina darzana ke anusAra vastumAtra pariNAmI nitya hai / jaba anubhava na kevala nityatA kA hai aura na kevala anityatA kA, taba kisI eka aMza ko mAnakara dUsare aMza kA balAt mela baiThAne kI apekSA dono aMzo ko tulya rUpa meM-tulya satyarUpa meM svIkAra karanA hI nyAya saMgata hai / dravya-paryAya kI vyApaka dRSTi kA yaha vikAsa jaina-paramparA kI hI dena hai| pramANa mImAMsA ne isI ko svIkAra kiyA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne AtmA kA svarupa aisA mAnA jisameM ekasI paramAtma-zakti bhI rahe aura jisameM doSa,vAsanA,Adi ke nivAraNa dvArA jIvana-zuddhi kA vAstavika uttaradAyitva bhI rhe| isa prakAra hemacandra ke AtmaviSayaka cintana meM vAstavika paramAtma-zakti yA Izvara-bhAva kA tulyarUpa se sthAna hai / doSoM ke nivANArtha tathA sahajazuddhi ke AvirbhAvArtha prayatna kA pUrA

Page #158
146 AcArya hemacandra avakAza hai| isI vyavahAra-siddha buddhi meM se jIva-bhedavAda tathA deha-pramANavAda sthApita hue jo sammilita rUpa se eka mAtra jaina-paramparA meM hI haiM / jaina-paramparA, dRzya-vizva ke atirikta, jar3a aura cetana jaise paraspara atyanta bhinna, ananta sUkSa tatvoM ko mAnatI hai / sthUla jagat ko sUkSma jar3a-tatvoM kA hI kArya yA rUpAntara mAnatI hai / sUkSma jar3a-tatva paramANu rUpa hai| ye paramAgurUpa sUkSma jar3a-tatva ArambhavAda ke paramANu kI apekSA atyanta sUkSma mAne gaye haiM / jaina-darzana pariNAmavAda kI taraha paramANuoM ko pariNAmI mAnakara sthUla jagat ko unhIM kA rUpAntara yA pariNAma mAnatA hai / AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra jaina darzana vastutaH pariNAmavAdI hai| sAMkhya-yoga kA pariNAma vAda kevala jar3a taka hI parimita hai / bhartR prapaMca Adi kA pariNAmavAda mAtra cetanatatvasparzI hai| hemacandra ke anusAra jaina pariNAmavAda jar3a, cetana, sthUla, sUkSma samagra vastusparzI hai| vaha sarva vyApaka pariNAmavAda hai / Arambha aura pariNAma donoM vAdoM kA jaina-darzana meM vyApaka rUpa meM pUrA sthAna tathA samanvaya hai / vastumAtra ko pariNAmI nitya aura samAna rUpa se vAstavika satya mAnane ke kAraNa jaina-darzana pratItya samutpAdavAda tathA vivartavAda kA sarvathA virodha hI karatA hai| ____jaina-darzana cetana bahutvavAdI hai, kintu usake cetana-tatva aneka dRSTi se bhinna svarUpa vAle haiM / hemacandra cetana ko nyAya, sA~khya ke samAna na to sarvavyApaka dravya mAnate haiM, na viziSTAdvaita kI taraha aNumAtra hI mAnate haiN| na bauddhadarzana kI taraha jJAna kI nidravya dhArA mAtra ! janoM kA cetana-tatva, samagra cetanatatva madhyama parimANavAle saGkoca-vistArazIla hone ke kAraNa isa viSaya meM jar3adravyoM se atyanta vilakSaNa nahIM / 'pramANa mImAMsA' ke anusAra jaina-darzana jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca bheda nahIM mAnatA / saba jIvatmAoM meM paramAtma-zakti eka-sI hai aura vaha sAdhana pAkara vyakta hotI bhI hai| jaina-darzana cetana bahutvavAdI hone ke kAraNa tAtvika rUpa se bahuparamAtma vAdI hai| prakRti se anekAnta-vAdI hote hue bhI jaina-darzana kA svarUpa ekAntataH vAstavavAdI hI hai / AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra indriyajanya, matijJAna aura pAramArthika kevala jJAna meM satya kI mAtrA meM antara hai, yogyatA athavA guNa meM nahIM / AcArya aneka sUkSmatama bhAvoM kI anirvacanIyatA ko mAnate hue bhI nirvacanIya bhAvoM ko bhI yathArtha mAnate haiN| jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA meM abheda kI kalpanA hindU-darzana (vaidika) kA hI prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| 'pramANa mImAMsA' meM jIva-sarvajJavAda siddha kiyA gayA hai jo usakI

Page #159
dArzanika evaM dhArmika grantha 147 eka anyatama vizeSatA hai| AcArya jI anusAra hara phoI adhikArI vyakti sarvajJa banane kI zakti rakhatA hai / unake anusAra jaina pakSa nirapavAdarUpa se sarvajJavAdI ho rahA hai, jaisA ki na bauddha paramparA meM huA hai, aura na vaidika paramparA meM / isa kAraNa se kAlpanika, akAlpanika, mizrita yAvat sarvajJatva samarthaka yuktiyoM kA saGgraha akele jaina pramANa- zAstra meM hI milatA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra hI AcArya hemacandra paryAyArthika aura dravyArthika donoM dRSTiyoM ko sApekSa bhAva se tulyabala aura samAna satya mAnate haiM / dravya ke bIca vizleSaNa karate-karate anta meM sUkSmatama paryAyoM ke vizleSaNa taka ve sahI pahu~cate haiM para ve paryAyoM ko vAstavika mAnakara bhI dravya kI vAstavikatA kA parityAga bauddha darzana kI taraha nahIM karate / paryAyoM aura dravyoM kA samanvaya karate-karate eka sat tatva taka ve pahu~cate haiM / phira bhI ve brahmavAdI kI taraha dravya-bhedoM aura paryAyoM kI vAstavikatA kA parityAga nahIM karate / jaina dharma meM bauddha paramparA kI taraha na to Atyantika vizleSaNa huA aura na vedAnta kI taraha Atyantika samanvaya / isI kAraNa se jaina dRSTi meM aparivartiSNutA Aja taka rahI hai / usakA vAstavavAditva svarUpa sthira rahA / 'pramANa mImAMsA' meM AcArya hemacandra ne anekAntavAda tathA nayavAda kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa prastuta kiyA hai jo jainAcAryoM kI bhAratIya pramANa - zAstra ko viziSTa dena hai / vizva ke adhikatama vAda anekAnta dRSTi se zAnta kiye jA sakate haiM / anekAnta dRSTi ke dvArA jainAcAryoM ne dekhA ki pratyeka sayuktikavAda amuka-amuka dRSTi se amuka-amuka sImA taka satya hai / pratyeka vAda ko usI kI vicAra saraNI se usI kI viSaya sImA taka parIkSita kiyA jAya aura isa parIkSaNa meM vaha ThIka nikale to use satya kA eka bhAga mAnakara, aise saba satyAMza maNiyoM ko eka pUrNa satya rUpa vicAra - sUtra meM pirokara avirodhI mAlA banAyI jAya / isa vicAra ne jainAcAryoM ko anekAnta dRSTi ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna saba vAdoM kA samanvaya karane kI ora prerita kiyA / Aja bhI aneka vAdoM meM ucita samanvaya yaha anekAnta dRSTi kara sakatI hai / samanvaya mAtra athavA vizleSaNa mAtra ke avAntara vicAra - saraNiyoM ke kAraNa aneka tatvoM para aneka virodhI vAda Apa hI Apa khar3e ho jAte haiM / una sabakA samAdhAna ane tavAda se hI hotA hai / sabhI vAda virodha kI zAnti ke lie anekAntavAda kuJjI hai | AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra pratIti abhedagAminI ho yA bhedagAminI kintu sabhI vAstavika haiN| abheda aura bheda kI pratItiyA~ viruddha isI se jAna

Page #160
148 AcArya hemacandra par3atI hai ki pratyeka ko pUrNa pramANa mAna liyA jAtA hai| sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI pratyeka pratIti sva viSaya meM yathArtha hone para bhI pUrNa pramANa nahIM vaha pramANa kA aMza avazya hai / ise vRkSa aura vana ke dRSTAnta se bhI spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / aneka vRkSoM ko sAmAnya rUpa meM vana rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM taba vizeSoM kA abhAva nahIM ho jAtA, para saba vizeSa lIna ho jAte haiM yahI eka prakAra kA advaita huaa| jaba eka-eka vRkSa ko vizeSa rUpa se dekhate haiM taba sAmAnya anta rlIna ho jAtA hai| donoM anubhava satya haiM / / apane-apane viSayoM meM donoM kI satyatA hote hue bhI kisI eka ko pUrNa satya nahIM kaha sakate / pUrNa satya donoM anubhavoM kA samucita samanvaya hI hai| isI meM donoM anubhava samA sakate haiM / yahI sthiti vizva ke sambandha meM sadadvaita, athavA sada dvaita dRSTi kI bhI hai / jo tatva akhaNDa pravAha kI apekSA se nitya kahA jA sakatA hai vahI tatva khaNDakhaNDa kSaNa parimita parivartanoM va paryAyoM kI tulanA se kSaNika bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| vastu kA kAlika pUrNa svarUpa anAdi anantatA aura sAdi sAntatA dono aMzoM se banatA hai / donoM dRSTiyAM pramANa tabhI banatI haiM jaba ve samanvita hoM / dUdha dUdha rUpa se bhI pratIta hotA hai aura adadhi yA dadhi-bhinna rUpa se bhii| aisI dazA meM vaha bhAva, abhAva, ubhaya rUpa siddha hotA hai| isI taraha dharma-dharmI, guNa-guNI, kArya-kAraNa, AdhAra-Adheya, Adi dvaMdvoM ke abheda aura bheda ke virodha kA parihAra bhI anekAnta dRSTi kara detI hai / eka hI viSaya meM pratipAdya bheda se hetuvAda aura AgamavAda donoM ko avakAza hai| jIvana meM deva aura pauruSa donoM vAda samanvita kiye jA sakate haiN| kAraNa meM kArya sat bhI hai, aura asat bhI ! kar3A banane ke pUrva suvarNa meM kSamatA ke kAraNa kArya sat kintu utpAdaka sAmagrI ke abhAva meM utpanna na hone ke kAraNa asat bhI hai| bauddhoM kA paramANupuJjavAda evaM naiyAyikoM kA apUrvAvayavI vAda donoM kA samanvaya AcArya hemacandra ne pramANamImAMsA' meM anekAntavAda ke antargata kara diyA hai| isa prakAra kA sAmaJjasya yA samanvaya karate samaya nayavAda aura bhaGgavAda Apa hI Apa phalita ho jAte sambhAvita sabhI apekSAoM se dRNTikoNoM se cAhe ve viruddha hI kyoM na dikhAyI dete ho kintu vAstavika cintana va darzanoM kA sAra-samuccaya hI usa viSaya kA pUrNa anekAnta darzana hai| pratyeka apekSA sambhavI darzana usa pUrNa darzana kA eka aMga hai jo paraspara viruddha hokara bhI pUrNa darzana meM samanvaya pAne ke kAraNa vastuta: aviruddha hI hai / (1) abheda bhUmikA para "sat" zabda ke eka

Page #161
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha 146 mAtra akhaNDa artha kA darzana saGgraha naya hai / (2) guNa-dharmakRta bhaidoM kI aura jhukane vAlA vizva kA darzana vyavahAra naya kahalAtA hai| (3) atIta anAgata ko 'sat' zabda se haTAne vAlA, vartamAna bheda gAmI darzana RjusUtra naya kahalAtA hai| (4) sabhI zabdoM ko avyutpanna mAnanA-unakA artha bheda kA darzana 'zabdanaya' yA sAmprata naya haiM / (5) pratyeka zabda ko vyutpatti siddha mAnane vAlA darzana samabhirUr3hanaya kahalAtA hai / (6) eka hI vyutpatti se phalita hone vAle arthabhada evaM bhUta naya kahalAtA haiM / (7) deza, rUr3hi ke anusAra bhedagAmI, abhedagAmI, sabhI vicAroM kA samAveza naigama naya kahalAtA haiM / prAyaH pratyeka dRSTikoNa eka naya hI hai / nayarUpa AdhAra-stambhoM ke aparimita hone ke kAraNa vizva kA pUrNa darzana anekAnta bhI nissIma hai| saptabhaMgI kA AdhAra nayavAda hai aura usakA dhyeya samanvaya hai / darzanoM kA samanvaya batalAne kI dRSTi se unake viSayabhUta bhAva abhAvAtmaka donoM aMzoM ko lekara una para sambhAvita vAkya bhaMga banAye jAte hai / vahI saptabhaMgI hai / isa taraha nayavAda aura bhaMgavAda anekAnta dRSTi ke kSetra meM Apa hI Apa phalita ho jAte haiM / samanvaya ke Agraha meM jaina tArkikoM ne anekAnta, naya aura saptabhaMgIvAda kA bilakula svatantra aura vyavasthita zAstra nirmANa kiyaa| anekAnta dRSTi aura usa zAstra nirmANa ke pIche jo akhaNDa aura sajIva sarvAMza satya ko apanAne kI bhAvanA jaina-paramparA meM rahI aura jo pramANa-zAstra meM avatIrNa huI usameM jIvana ke samagra kSetroM meM saphala upayoga hone kI pUrNa yojanA hone ke kAraNa hI use bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra ko jainAcArya kI apUrva dena kahanA anupayukta nahIM hai| bhAratIya darzana ko hemacandra kI dena - 'pramANa mImAMsA' meM hemacandra ne pUrvavartI Agamika tArkika, sabhI jaina mantavyoM ko vicAra va manana se pacAkara apane DhaMga kI vizad anurukta, sUtra-zailI tathA sarva saGagrAhiNI vizadtama svopajJavRtti meM use sanniviSTa kiyaa| niyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya tathA tatvArtha jaise Agamika grantha tathA siddhasena, samantabhadra,akalaka,mANikya nandI,vidyAnanda kI prAyaH samasta kRtiyAM 'pramANa mImAMsA' kI upAdAna sAmagrI banI haiM / prabhAcanda ke 'mArtaNDa' kA bhI isameM pUrA prabhAva hai / anantavIrya kI 'prameyaratnamAlA' kA bhI isameM vizeSa upayoga huA hai / vAdI devasUri kI kRtikA bhI upayoga spaSTa hai| phira bhI pramANa mImAMsA' meM akalaMka aura mANikya nandI kA hI mArgAnugamana pradhAnatayA dekhA jAtA hai / diGnAga, dharmakIti, dharmottara, arcaTa zAnta rakSita Adi bauddha tArkika bhI inake adhyayana ke viSaya rahe haiN| kaNAda, bhAsarvajJa, vyomaziva,

Page #162
AcArya hemacandra zrIdhara, akSapAd, vAtsyAyana, udyotakara, jayanta, vAcaspati mizra, zabara, prabhAkara, kumArila, Adi vividha vaidika paramparAoM ke prasiddha vidvAnoM kI saba kRtiyA~ prAyaH inake adhyayana kI viSaya rahIM / cArvAk jayarAzi bhaTTa kA " tatvopaplava" bhI inakI dRSTi ke bAhara nahIM thA / AcArya hemacandra kI bhASA tathA nirUpaNa zailI para dharmakIrti, dharmottara, arcaMTa, bhAsarvajJa, vAtsyAyana, jayanta, vAcaspati mizra, kumArila, Adi kA hI AkarSaka prabhAva par3A hai / 'pramANa mImAMsA' aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina tarka sAhitya meM tathA bhAratIya darzana sAhitya meM viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai / 150 bhAratIya pramANa - zAstra meM 'pramANa mImAMsA' kA viziSTa sthAna hai / bhAratIya pramANa - zAstra nyAya-darzana ke antargata AtA hai, jisake prarvataka maharSi gautama mAne jAte haiM / nyAya - darzana kA mUla grantha gautama kA nyAya sUtra hai / isake bAda nyAya - bhASya ke aneka grantha likhe gaye haiM, jaise vAtsAyAyana kA 'nyAyabhASya', udyotakara kA 'nyAyavArtika', vAcaspati kI 'nyAyavArtika tAtparya TIkA', udayana kI 'nyAyavArtika tAtparyaM parizuddhi' tathA ' kusumAMjali' jayanta kI 'nyAya maJjarI' Adi / inameM svamatamaNDana tathA paramatarakhaNDana vizeSa rUpa se vidyamAna hai | navya nyAya kA Arambha gaMgeza kI 'tatvacintAmaNi' se huA hai / navyanyAya meM tarkavijJAna athavA pramANa - zAstra sambandhI viSayoM kA vizad vivecana haiM / " pramANairartha parIkSaNaM nyAya:" phira bhI isameM 16 padArtho kA parIkSA pUrvaka vivecana hotA hai, 1. pramANa, 2. prameya, 3. saMzaya, 4. prayojana, 5. dRSTAnta, 6. siddhAnta, 7. avayava, 8. tarka, 6 nirNaya, 10. vAda, 11. jalpa, 12. vitaNDA, 13. hetvAbhAsa, 14. chala, 15. jAti aura 16. nigrahasthAna / AcArya hemacandra ne apanI 'pramANa mImAMsA' meM ina sabhI padArthoM para prakAza DAlate hue bhI bhAratIya pramANa zAstra ko kucha maulika evaM navIna vicAra bheMTa kiye hai, jo jainAcAryoM kI bhI bhAratIya pramANa zAstra ko apUrva dena kahI jA sakatI hai ! sabase prathama evaM sarvazreSTha dena 'anekAnta-vAda' hai / 'pramANa mImAMsA' meM 'anekAntavAda' kI vizada carcA kara hemacandra ne pramANa - zAstra ko samanya kI aura agrasara kiyA hai| isa prakAra darzana zAstra meM adhika se adhika vyApaka dRSTikoNa ko apanAne ke lie unhone prerita kiyA hai| isase sarvadharmasahiSNutva athavA paramatasahiSNutva kI bhAvanA ko bala milA hai / bhAratIya darzana, jo adhikAMza meM hindU darzana hai, paramatasahiSNu hai / yaha sahiSNutA sambhavataH jainadarzana se samparka ke kAraNa hI hai / pratyeka kSetra meM dRSTi kI isa vyApakatA kA

Page #163
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha 151 darzana hotA hai / udAharaNArtha bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra meM cAra hI pramANa mAne jAte haiM, kintu AcArya hemacandra ne pramANoM kA aisA vibhAjana kiyA hai ki usake antargata sabhI pramANa samA jAte haiM / pratyakSa kA tAtvikatva, 'pramANa mImAMsA' kI dUsarI viziSTatA hai / svatantra AtmA ke Azrita jJAna hI pratyakSa hai| paratantra indriyajanya jJAna pratyakSa nahIM hai / tatvacintana meM ye vicAra nitAnta maulika hai / hemacandra kI anumAna ke avayavoM kI vyavasthA sarva sAhiNI hai, jo bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra ko unakI tIsarI dena hai / vastu mAtra pariNAmI nitya kahakara dravya paryAya kI vyApaka dRSTi kA paricaya jaina-paramparA kI hI dena hai| Atma viSayaka jaina-cintana meM paramAtma-zakti kA sthAna hai, tathaiva doSa nirvANArtha prayatna kA pUrA avakAza bhI hai-yaha 'pramANa mImAMsA' kI anyatama viziSTatA hai| 'nyAya ke anusAra zarIra grasta AtmA ke duHkhoM kA pUrNa vinAza sambhava nahI hai / anta meM 'pramANa mImAMsA meM jIva-sarvajJavAda kA prabhAvapUrNa samarthana kara jIvamAtra ke lie amRtamArga khulA kara diyA hai / sarvajJatva samarthaka yuktiyoM kA saGgraha jaina pramANa-zAstra meM tathA 'pramANa mImAMsA' meM hI milatA hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra meM hemacandra kI 'pramANa mImAMsA' kA sthAna advitIya hai, jo bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra ke vikAsa meM apUrva yogadAna detA hai| 'pramANa mImAMsA' ke kAraNa pramANa zAstra aura adhika vyApaka bana gayA hai / sampradAyAtIta vicAroM ke pracAra meM tathA prasAra meM 'pramANa mImAMsA' apUrva sahAyatA kara sakatI hai / 'pramANa mImAMsA' se darzana-jagata meM tathA tarka-sAhitya meM paramatasahiSNutA kA prasAra huA hai, jo poSaka vAtAvaraNa ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai / sampradAya vRddhayartha likhA gayA grantha sampradAyAtIta bana gayA, yaha 'pramANa mImAMsA' kI apUrva vizeSatA hai / ataH pramANa mImAMsA' se na kevala jaina darzana kA apitu sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana-zAstra ke gaurava meM vRddhi huI bhAratIya darzana pAzcAtya darzanoM kI bhAMti kevala tatvoM kI mImAMsA hI nahIM karatA hai, apitu AcAra-zAstra, pramANa-zAstra, kriyA-zAstra, mokSa-zAstra, Adi sabhI viSayoM ko apane meM sameTa kara calatA hai| isa dRSTi se AcArya hemacandra kA dUsarA dhArmika evaM dArzanika grantha 'yoga-zAstra' bhI draSTavya, vicAraNIya evaM cintanIya hai| ___ yoga zAstra- AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra para bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa grantha likhA hai / isakI zailI pataJjali ke 'yoga-sUtra' ke anusAra hI hai, kintu viSaya aura varNana krama meM maulikatA evaM bhinnatA hai| isa dRSTi se 'yoga-zAstra' kA

Page #164
152 AcArya hemacandra mahatva adhika hai| yaha grantha sarala zlokoM meM likhA gayA hai| usake sAtha hI bahuta-kucha pariSkRta gadya meM likhita granthakAra kI hI apanI TIkA bhI milatI haiN| vizad TIkA sahita prathama cAra paricchedoM meM jaina-darzana kA vistRta aura spaSTa varNana diyA gayA hai, antima ATha paricchedoM meM jaina dharma ke vibhinna kRtyoM kA aura muniyoM ke AcAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. kItha ke mata ke anusAra jaina-dharma granthoM ke samAna isameM bhI ahiMsA kI prazaMsA tathA nArI kI nindA kI gayI hai / hemacandra meM utkRSTa kavitA likhane kI yogyatA hai to bhI inakI isa kRti 'yoga-zAstra' ko koI viziSTa sAhityika mahatva nahIM diyA jA sakatA / vAstava meM jainAcArya hemacandra kA 'yoga-zAstra' nIti viSayaka upadezAtmaka kAvya kI koTi meM AtA hai, jo ki AcAra pradhAna hai tathA dharma aura darzana donoM se prabhAvita hai| yoga-zAstra ne nIti-kAvyoM yA upadeza kAvyoM kI paramparA ko samRddha evaM samunnata kiyA hai / 'yoga-zAstra' eka prakAra se jaina-sampradAya kA vizuddha dhArmika evaM dArzanika grantha haiM / cAlukya nareza kumArapAla ke anurodha se hemacandra ne 'yoga-zAstra' kI racanA kI thii| isameM 12 prakAza tathA 1018 zloka haiM / jisa prakAra digambara sampradAya meM yogaviSayaka zubhacandrakRta 'jJANArNava' grantha apratima hai usI prakAra zvetAmbara sampradAya meM hemacandra kA 'yoga-zAstra'bhI eka mahatvapUrNa grantha hai / 12 prakAzoM meM vibhakta 'yoga-zAstra' bhI 'jJAnArNava' ke samAna sarala subodha saMskRta meM racA gayA hai| isakA 61 padyamaya 11 vA~ prakAza AryAvRtta meM aura 12 veM prakAza ke prArambhika 51 padya bhI AryAvRtta meM, 52-53 ye do padya krama se pRthvI va maMdAkrAntA vRttoM meM tathA antima do padya zArdUla vikrIr3ita vRtta meM race gaye haiM / zeSa sampUrNa grantha anuSThubha chaMda meM racita hai| prathama cAra prakAzoM para vistRta TIkA milatI hai, kintu antima ATha prakAzoM para saMkSipta TIkA milatI hai| sambhavataH hemacandra ke ziSyoM meM se kisI ziSya ne TIkA likhI ho triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita' ke bhI uddharaNa isameM milate haiM / 'yoga-zAstra' ko adhyAtmopaniSad bhI kahA gayA hai| gRhastha jIvana meM Atma sAdhanA karane kI prakriyA kA nirUpaNa isameM kiyA gayA hai / isameM yoga kI paribhASA, vyAyAma, recaka, kumbhaka, pUraka Adi prANAyAmoM tathA AsanoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / 'yoga-zAstra' ke adhyayana evaM abhyAsa se mumukSu ko AdhyAtmika pragati kI preraNA milatI hai| vyakti kI antarmukhI pravRttiyoM ke udghATana kA pUrNa prayAsa isameM kiyA gayA hai / sambhavataH kumArapAla ko dharma kA

Page #165
dArzanika evaM dhArmika grantha muni jahA~ uparyukta ahiMsAdi vratoM kA sarvAtmanA pAlana karate haiM vahA~ usa muni-dharma meM anurakta gRhastha ukta vratoM kA dezataH hI pAlana karate haiM / isa gRhi dharma kI prarUpaNA karate hue hemacandrAcArya ne prathamataH dasa zlokoM meM ( 4757) yaha batalAyA hai ki kaisA gRhastha usa gRhi dharma paripAlana ke yogya hotA hai / tatpazcAt pA~ca aNuvratAdi svarUpa gRhastha ke 12 vratoM ko samyaktva mUlaka batalAkara yahA~ usa samyaktva va usake viSayabhUta daiva, guru, dharma, kA bhI varNana karate hue dvAdaza vratoM kA vistAra ke sAtha vivecana kiyA gayA hai / prathama prakAza ke anta meM Adarza gRhastha kA varNana anukaraNIya hai / isa prakAra Adarza gRhastha banane ke lie dvitIya prakAza kA Arambha vratanirdezoM se hotA hai / gRhasthoM ke lie nirdezita vratoM ke antargata 5 aNuvrata, 3 guNavrata tathA 4 zikSAvrata Ate haiM / inhIM ko sammilita rUpa se dvAdaza-vrata bhI kahate haiM / pUrva nirdezita paJca mahAvrata hI pA~ca aNuvrata haiM tathA dvitIya prakAza inhIM vratoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 153 tRtIya prakAza meM tIna guNavratoM kA varNana haiN| isake antargata madirA doSa, mA~sa doSa, navanIta bhakSaNa doSa, madhu doSa, udumbara bhakSaNa doSa, rAtri bhojana doSa Adi kA varNana haiM / tatpazcAt cAra zikSAvratoM kA varNana hai / isake bAda mahAzrAvaka kI dinacaryA kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / brAhma muhUrta meM jAgrata hokara rAtri meM zayanaparyanta sampUrNa kAryakrama ko yathAvidhi sampanna karate hue mokSa kA Ananda prApta karane kI sadaiva icchA karanI cAhiye / caturtha prakAza meM indriyajaya, kaSAyajaya, manaH zuddhi aura rAga-dveSa jaya kI vidhi kA vivecana karate hue samAna bhAva ko uddIpta karane vAlI 12 bhAvanAoM 1- dvAdazavrataH aNuvrata, 5- 1 ahiMsA, 2 satya, 3 asteya, 4 aparigraha, 5 brahmacarya guNavrata 3- 1 digviratiH 2, bhogopabhogamAna, 3 anarthadaNDaviramaNa zikSAvrata 4- 1 sAmAyika, 2 dezAvakAzika, 3 poSadha, 4 atithisaMvibhAga / ina vratoM kI mAnyatA ke sambandha meM do mata pracalita haiM / prathama mata meM 'dezAkAzika vrata' kI gaNanA guNavratoM meM kI gayI hai aura dvitIya meM zikSAvratoM meM / prathama mata ' bhogopabhogaparimANa' ko zikSAvratoM meM parigaNita karatA hai aura dvitIya guNavratoM meM /

Page #166
154 AcArya hemacandra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI vahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki mokSa jisa karmakSaya se sambhava hai, vaha karmakSaya AtmajJAna se hotA hai aura vaha AtmajJAna dhyAna se siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAmyabhAva ke binA dhyAna nahIM aura dhyAna ke binA vaha sthira sAmyabhAva bhI sambhava nahIM hai| isalie dhyAna tathA sAmyabhAva dono paraspara eka dUsare ke kAraNa hai| isa prakAra dhyAna kI bhUmikA bA~dhate hue dhyAna kA svarUpa va usake do bheda-dharmya aura zukla, nirdiSTa kiye gaye hai| tathA dharmyadhyAna ko saMskRta karane ke lie maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM ko dhyAna kA rasAyana batalAkara unakA bhI saMkSepa meM svarUpa dikhalAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ratnatrayoM kA samyag varNana karane ke pazcAt caturtha prakAza se prArambha meM mokSa kI sundara vyAkhyA dI hai| yaha AtmA hI cidra pa hai, dhyAnAgni meM sarvakarma bhasmasAta hokara AtmA niraMjana ho jAtI hai / kaSAyoM ko jotakara jitendriya puruSa ko hI mokSa milatA hai / isake bAda kAma-krodha rUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / indriya jaya tathA manaH zuddhi para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai / rAga-dveSa para vijaya prApta karake samatva prApti karanI cAhiye / tatpazcAt bAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai / tapa ke do prakAroM-bahistapa tathA Antaratapa, kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / dhyAna kA varNana karate hue "samatvamalambyAtha dhyAnaM yogI samAzrayet" kahakara gItokta samatvayoga kI hI AcArya jI ne pratiSThA kI hai| dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie yogI ko, jisane Asana para vijaya prApta karalI hai, Atmasthiti ke hetubhUta kisI tIrthasthAna athavA anya kisI bhI ekAnta, pavitra sthAna kA Azraya lenA caahiye| isake lie prakRta meM paryaMka, vIra, vajra, kamala bhadra, daNDa utkaTikA, godohikA, aura kAmotsarga ina Asana vizeSoM kA nirdeza karake unake pRthaka-pRthaka lakSaNa bhI dikhalAye gaye haiN| paJcama prakAza meM prANAyAma kI prarUpaNA karate hue prANApAnAdi vAyu-bhedoM ke sAtha pArthiva, vAruNa, vAyavya, aura Agneya, nAmaka vAyu-maNDaloM tathA unake praveza, nigamana ko lakSya meM rakhakara usase sUcita phala kI vistAra se carcA kI gayI hai| yoga kI Azcarya janaka zaktiyoM ke bAre meM bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| prANAyAma kA 300 zlakoM meM prarUpaNa karane para bhI jJAnArNava ke samAna hI use mokSa-prApti meM bAdhaka kahA gayA hai / hemacandra ko zubhacandra kA isa viSaya meM RNI mAnanA caahiye| 6 The prakAza meM parapurapraveza va prANAyAma ko nirarthaka kaSTaprada batalAkara use mukti-prApti meM bAdhaka batalAyA hai / sAtha hI dharma-dhyAna ke lie mana ko

Page #167
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha indriya viSayoM kI ora se khIMca kara use nAmi Adi vividha sthAnoM meM se kisI bhI sthAna meM sthApita karane kI preraNA kI gayI hai| 7 veM prakAza ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke icchuka jIva ko dhyAna, dhyeya aura usake phala ko jAna lenA caahiye| kyoMki sAmagro ke binA kabhI kArya siddha nahIM hote hai, tadanusAra yahA~ dhyAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jo saMyama kI dhurA ko dhAraNa karake prANoM kA nAza hone para bhI kabhI use nahIM chor3atA hai, zIta-uSNa Adi kI bAdhA se kabhI vyagra nahI hotA hai, krodhAdi kaSAyoM se jisakA hRdaya kabhI kaluSita nahI hotA hai, jo kAma-bhogoM se virakta hokara zarIra meM bhI niHspRha rahatA hai, tathA jo sumeru ke samAna nizcala rahatA hai, vahI dhAtA prazaMsanIya hai| dhyeya (dhyAna kA viSaya) ke piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtItaina cAra bhedoM kA nirdeza karake piNDastha meM sambhava pArthivI, AgneyI, mArutI, vAruNI aura tatrabhUH ina pA~ca dhAraNAoM kA pRthak-pRthak vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI, usa piNDastha dhyeya ke Azraya se jo yogI ko apUrva zakti prApta "hotI hai, usakA bhI digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| 8 veM prakAza meM padastha, 6 veM prakAza meM rUpastha aura 10 veM prakAza meM rUpAtIta dhyAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta 10 veM prakAza meM usa dharma-dhyAna ke AjJA vicayAdi anya cAra bhedoM kA svarUpa dikhalAte hue ukta dharmadhyAna kA phala bhI sUcita kiyA gayA hai / 11 veM prakAza meM pRthaktvavitaka Adi cAra prakAra ke zukladhyAna kA ullekha karake kevalI 'jina' ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa kiyA hai| aMtima 12 veM prakAza ke prArambha meM 'zrutasamudra' aura guru ke mukha se jo kucha maiMne jAnA hai usakA varNana kara cukA hU~, aba yaha nirmala anubhava-siddha tatva ko prakAzita karatA hU~' aisA nirdeza karake vikSipta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa, sulIna, ina citta-bhedoM ke svarUpa kA kathana karate hue vahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA kA svarUpa bhI kahA gayA hai / anta meM citta kI sthiratA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| tabhI samAdhi-avasthA prApta hokara puruSa siddha bana jAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke 'yogazAstra' kI isa dRSTi se pataJjali ke yogasUtra se tulanA ucita pratIta hotI hai| 1-bhAvanA 12-anila, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azauca, Astrava,

Page #168
AcArya hemacandra yogazAstra kA vivecana viSaya tathA varNana krama meM maulikatA tathA bhinnatA hone hone para bhI maharSi pataJjali ke 'yogasUtra' tathA hemacandra ke 'yogazAstra' bahuta sI bAtoM meM samAnatA pAyI jAtI hai / udAharaNArtha karmavAda ko hI le sakate haiM / karmavAda ko prAyaH bhArata ke sabhI darzana mAnate haiM / karmavAda ke anusAra 'kRtapraNAza' tathA 'akRtAbhyupagama' nahIM hotA hai / arthAt kiye hue karma kA phala naSTa nahIM hotA aura binA kiye hue karma kA phala nahIM milatA / pAtaJjala yogasUtra ke anusAra bhI saMsAra ke sabhI jova avidyA, ahaMkAra, vAsanA, rAga-dveSa aura aminiveza ( mRtyu bhaya ) Adi ke kAraNa duHkha pAte haiM / ve bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke karmoM ke phalasvarUpa sukha-duHkha bhoga karate haiM / yogasUtra ke dUsare pAda meM karma-phala Adi ke viSaya meM varNana AtA hai / jaba taka pUrva karmajanya sabhI saMskAroM kA nAza nahIM ho jAtA aura citta kI sabhI vRttiyoM kA anta nahIM ho jAtA taba taka duHkhoM ke punarAvartana kI sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai / bhUta aura vartamAna ke vividha karmoM se utpanna saMskAroM ko naSTa karane ke lie samAdhi kI sthiti meM dRr3hatApUrvaka sthira rahanA bar3A hI dustara kArya hai / isake lie cirasAdhanA aura kaThina yogAbhyAsa kI jarUrata hai / / 156 jaina darzana meM bhI karmavAda prANabhUta tatva mAnA jAtA hai| hemacandra ke yogazAstra ke anusAra saMsAra kI viSamatA ke mUla meM karma kA astitva hI hai / sukha-duHkha dene vAlA karma-puJja AtmA ke sAtha anAdi kAla se saMyukta hai| isI ke kAraNa AtmA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatI hai / vAsanA vibhinna prakAra ke paramANu samUhoM kA eka samuccaya hI hai / isI ko dUsare zabdoM meM karma kahate haiM / AtmA kI karmabaddha avasthA hI saMsAra hai / jaina zAstroM ke samAna AcArya hemacandra bhI mAnate haiM ki sampUrNa karmo kA kSaya hote hI muktajIva Urdhva gati ko prApta hotA hai / karma ke phala ke viSaya meM hemacandra kahate haiM ki ugra pApa kI bhA~ti tapa 12 kaSAya 4 - - 5 I 10 11 12 saMvara, nirjarA, dharma, loka, vodhibhAvanA 1 2 3 4 5 anazana, avamaudarya vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, vivikta 6 19 PS 10 zaiyyAsana, kAyakleza, prAyazcitanta, vinaya vaiyAvRhya, svAdhyAya, 11 12 vyutsarga, dhyAna 1 2 3 4 krodha, mAna, lobha, mAyA

Page #169
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha 157 ugra puNya kA phala bhI isa janma meM mila sakatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra karma kI badhyamAna, sat aura udayamAna avasthAe~ mAnI gayI hai| inheM kramazaH bandha, sattA aura udaya kahate haiN| yogasUtra meM kramaza: kriyamANa, saJcita, tathA prArabdha nAma se inhIM avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA nayA hai| karmavAda ke bAda bandha aura mokSa ke viSaya meM bhI donoM ke vicAra eka se mAlUma par3ate haiM / karma kA Atyantika kSaya honA hI mokSa hai / IzvaratA aura muktatA eka hI hai / pAtaJjala yoga ke anusAra cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ke dvArA AtmA bandhanamukta hokara Atma-sAkSAtkAra kA anubhava karatI hai| karmabandha se chUTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| pAtaJjala yoga meM yama-niyama, dhyAna, dhAraNA dvArA sAdhaka asaMprajJAta samAdhi taka pahuMcatA hai| vahA~ pahu~ca jAne para yogI samasta viSaya saMsAra se mukta hotA hai / isa avasthA meM AtmA vizuddha caitanya svarUpa meM rahatI hai aura apane kaivalya yA muktAvasthA ke prakAza kA Ananda letI hai| isa avasthA ko prApta karane para puruSa sabhI duHkhoM se mukti pA jAtA hai / isa avasthA ko dharmamedha bhI kahate haiM kyoMki vaha yogI ke Upara kaivalya yA mukti kI varSA karatA hai| __ AcArya hemacandra bhI prAyaH isI prakAra muktAvasthA kA varNana karate haiN| jisa prakAra Indhana zeSa na rahane para athavA Indhana kA sambandha samApta ho jAne para Aga svayameva bujha jAtI hai, usI prakAra mana kA uparyukta krama se aNu para pUrNa rUpa se sthira hote hI cAJcalya dUra ho jAtA hai aura vaha pUrNa rUpa se zAnta bana jAtA hai / kevala jJAna, sarvajJatA prakaTa hotI hai / Age yogazAstra kI samApti karate hue AtmAnanda kI anubhUti kA varNana AcArya hemacandra vaidika darzana ke samAna hI karate haiN| mokSa ho yA na ho, parantu citta kI sthira dazA meM paramAnanda kA saMvedana hotA hai| jisake Age samagra sukha mAnoM kucha bhI nahI haiM, aisA pratIta hotA haiM / (12 / 51) ___ isa mokSAvasthA ko prApta karane ke lie jo upAya yA sAdhana batalAye haiM unameM bhI pAtaJjala yogasUtra tathA hemacandra ke 'yogazAstra' meM paryApta sAmya dikhalAyI detA hai / Atmonnati ke sAdhana rUpa meM pAtaJjala yoga kI mahattA ko prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| jaba taka manuSya kA citta yA antaHkaraNa nirmala aura sthira nahIM hotA taba taka use dharma ke tathya kA samyaka jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| Atmazuddhi ke lie yoga hI sarvottama sAdhana hai / isase zarIra ora mana kI zuddhi ho jAtI hai / sabhI bhAratIya darzana apane-apane siddhAnto ko yaugika rIti se dhyAna, dhAraNA Adi ke dvArA anubhava karane ke lie

Page #170
AcArya hemacandra prayatna karate haiM / yoga kA artha hai cittavRtti kA nirodha / yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhyAna, dhAraNA aura samAdhi ina ATha sAdhanoM se yoga kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai / jaina darzana ke paJcamahAvratoM tathA pataJjali yogasUtra ke yamoM meM kucha bhI antara nahIM haiM / jaina dharma ke samAna hI yogasUtra meM bhI yama-niyamoM kI vivecanA gayI hai / yogI ke lie ina kI sAdhanA atyAvazyaka hai kyoMki mana ko sabala banAne ke lie zarIra ko sabala banAnA atyAvazyaka hai / jo kAma-krodhAdi para vijaya prApta nahIM kara sakatA usakA mana yA zarIra sabala nahIM raha sakatA / jaba taka mana pApa vAsanAoM se bharA hai aura caJcala rahatA hai taba taka vaha kisI viSaya para ekAgra nahI ho sakatA, isa lie yoga yA samAdhi ke sAdhaka ko sabhI AsaktiyoM se aura kupravRttiyoM se virata honA Avazyaka hai| niyama kA pAlana kA artha hai - sadAcAra kA pAlana / ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha pA~ca yama haiM, tathA zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya evaM Izvara praNidhAna niyama haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai ki samyak jJAna, tathA samyak AcAra se mokSa milatA hai / samyak jJAna tathA samyak vyavahAra se hI mokSa milatA hai / jaina darzana mokSa yA nirvANa prApta karane ke hetu AcAra ko pradhAnatA detA hai / naye karmoM ko rokane ke lie tathA purAne karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie paJca mahAvrata pAlana karanA nitAnta Avazyaka haiN| ahiMsA, satya, asteya brahmacarya tathA aparigraha pA~ca vrata haiM / pAtaJjala yogasUtra meM bhI yamoM kA varNana karate hue kAyA, vAcA, manasA ahiMsA kA pAlana karane ke lie kahA hai tathA yoga sAdhanoM ke lie atyanta sAtvika AhAra kI upAdeyatA batalAkara abhakSya bhakSaNa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / yadi satya bhI parapIr3Akara ho, to na bolanA cAhiye / kauzika tApasa ke saMca kahane se kaI manuSyoM ko krUra hatyA huI thI aura use naraka milA thA / yaha kathana manu- vacana 'satyaM brUyAt, priyaM brUyAt, na brUyAt satyamapriyam' isa se bilakula milatA-julatA hai / isa prakAra satya ke viSaya meM AcArya jI ne madhyama mArga hI batalAyA hai / brahmacarya ke viSaya meM suvarNamadhya kA avalambana karate hue ve yogazAstra meM likhate haiM ki apanI patnI kI maryAdita saMgati ke atirikta pratyeka prakAra kI kAma ceSTA heya hai / isa vrata kA abhipreya hai vezyA, vidhavA, kumArI aura parapatnI kA tyAga / "dharmAvirUddho bhUteSu kAmo'svi" gItA kI isa ukti se Upara kI ukti meM bahuta sAmya dikhAyA detA hai / anta aparigraha vrata kA varNana karate hue hemacandra kahate haiM ki yaha parigraha parimANa - 158

Page #171
dArzanika evaM dhArmika grantha 151 . vrata acchI samAja-vyavasthA kA sarjana karAne vAlA vrata hai| vrata se tRSNA ke samucita niyantraNa, evaM lobha para aMkuza ho jAtA hai| isake sAtha hI vaidika kAryakramoM meM rAta ke bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra Atmonnati ke lie AcArya hemacandra jI ne apane yogazAstra meM AcAra-dharma para vizeSa jora diyA hai| pAtaJjala yoga ke aSTAMga sAdhanoM meM se kevala yama-niyamoM para unhoMne sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa se vicAra kiyA haiN| jisa AtmA kI unnati ke hetu paJca-mahAvrata Adi sAdhanoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai usa AtmA ke viSaya meM-AtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhI 'yogasUtra' tathA 'yogazAstra' meM bahuta kucha sAmya pAyA jAtA hai| maharSi pataJjali apane yogasUtra meM AtmA ko svabhAvataH zuddha caitanya svarUpa, tathA nitya mAnate haiN| yogasUtra ke anusAra AtmA vastuta: zArIrika bandhanoM aura mAnasika vikAroM se mukta rahatI hai, parantu ajJAna ke kAraNa yaha citta ke sAtha-sAtha apanA tAdAtmya kalpita kara letI hai| bhramavaza vaha apane ko citta samajhane lagatI hai| indriya-nirodha se citta kA dhArA pravAha banda ho jAtA hai aura AtmA ko apane yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai| yahI AtmasAkSAtkAra yoga kA uddezya hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra, aura 'yogazAstra' ke anusAra bhI, karma ke astitva ke AdhAra para AtmA svata: siddha hotI hai / AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra AtmA caitanya svarUpa, pariNAmI, kartA-sAkSAt, bhoktA evaM svadeha parimANaH pratikSetraM bhinnaH hai| AtmA jJAnamaya hai kintu zarIra ke bAhara AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai / AtmA ke jJAna-icchAdi guNoM kA zarIra meM hI anubhava hone ke kAraNa ina guNoM kI svAmI AtmA bhI zarIra meM hI rahane vAlI siddha hotI hai| AtmA ke jJAnamaya tathA prakAzamaya hone ke viSaya meM AcArya jI likhate haiM ki saba prakAra kA (yathArtha-ayathArtha) jJAna svaprakAzaka (svasaMvedana rUpa) hai arthAt vaha svayaM apane Apako prakAzita karatA hai| jaise dIpaka ko prakAzana ke lie dUsarI vastu kI apekSA nahI vaha svayaM prakAzarUpa hai / vaise hI jJAna bhI svaprakAza hokara hI para prakAza karatA hai| AcArya' hemacandra kI yaha udAratA unakI paramezvara viSayaka kalpanA meM bhI dikhAyI detI hai| ve paramAtmA vyakti ke nahIM-usake guNoM ke pUjaka haiN| "namo vakkAra" meM sabase prathama "namo ari hantANaM" se rAga-dveSAdi Antarika zatruoM kA nAza karane vAle ko namaskAra kahA hai / jaina darzana ke nirIzvaravAdI

Page #172
160 __ AcArya hemacandra hote hue bhI hemacandra IzvaravAdI-se pratIta hote haiM / vItarAga-stotroM meM unhoMne mahAvIra kI stuti kI hai, itanA hI nahIM somanAtha ke mandira meM jAkara unhoMne somanAtha kI stuti bhI kI hai / sarva sAdhAraNa ke lie ve paramezvara ke lakSaNa dete haiM ki sarvajJa rAga-dveSAdi samasta doSoM se nirmUkta trailokyapUjita aura yathAsthita tatvoM ke upadezaka ko IzTa ra kahate haiM / vahI paramezvara 'arhat' deva hai / sabhI vastuoM ke jJAna meM jo rukAvaTeM yA AvaraNa haiM unake naSTa ho jAne para arhana muni kA yaha svabhAva hI ho jAegA ki ve sabhI vastuoM kA jJAna prApta kreN| phira sarvajJatva unameM kyoM nahIM hogA? jJAna ke vardhamAna prakarSa kI pUrNatA jisameM prakaTa hotI hai vaha sarvajJa sarvadarzI kahalAtA hai| jainoM ke anusAra Izvara jagata kA kartA nahIM hai / ve yadyapi jagat sraSTA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko nahIM mAnate haiM phira bhI jaina-dharma meM tIrthaGakara hI mAnoM IzTa ra hai / jo-jo guNa Izvara ke lie Avazyaka samajhe jAte haiM ve sabhI jaina tIrthaGkaroM meM pAye jAte haiM / mArga-darzana ke lie evaM antaH preraNA ke lie inhIM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| ___ pAtaJjala yogadarzana ke sezvara hone para bhI usameM Izvara ke svarUpa kI vivecanA nahIM hai / Izvara kI upayogitA isI meM hai ki vaha bhI citta kI ekAgratA yA dhyAna ke sAdhanoM meM se eka hai / isa prakAra 'yogasUtra' tathA 'yogazAstra' isa viSaya meM bhI pAsa-pAsa Arahe haiM / pAtaJjala 'yogasUtra' ke anusAra yaugika sAdhana ke lie adhikArI- pAtra vyakti kI jarUrata hai| cAhe jo manuSya Asana, prANAyAma, dhyAna-dhAraNA Adi nahIM kara sakatA / manuSya Asana, prANAyAma, Adi sopAna paramparA se hI AtmasAkSAtkAra kA anubhava kara sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| ataH pAtaJjala kA yogamArga eka prakAra se aikAntika ho gayA hai| usake dvAra sabake lie khule nahIM hai| usameM sabako AtmAnubhUti dene kA AzvAsana bhI nahIM diyA gayA hai / 'yogazAstra' meM sabhI manuSya unake batAye hue mArga para cala kara muktAvasthA kA Ananda anubhava kara sakate haiN| ___ jaina dharma meM saba kucha AcAra-dharma meM hI samAviSTa hai| AcAra dharma meM bhI AcArya hemacandra ne aikAntikatA nahIM Ane dI hai| unakA darzana saMsAra ke bhinnabhinna matoM ke prati AdarabhAva rakhane vAlA darzana hai / vahA~ sabake liye dvAra khule haiN| unake mata ke anusAra brAhmaNa, strI, bhra Na, gAya, ina sabakI hatyA karane se naraka bhogane ke adhikArI aura aise hI anya pApI bhI yoga kI zaraNa lekara pAra utara gaye haiN| (1-2zloka) aparAdhiyoM ke lie bhI vahA~ AtmotthAna karane kA avasara diyA gayA hai / 'aparAdhI manuSya ke Upara bhI prabhu mahAvIra ke

Page #173
dArzanika evaM dhArmika grantha 161 netra dayA se tanika nIce jhukI huI putalI vAle tathA karuNAvaza Aye hue kiMcit A~suoM se Ardra ho gaye / AcArya hemacandra ke vizva vyApaka prema ne tathA ananta kAruNya ne dharma ke dvAra sabake khola diye haiM / jina bhagavAna kI vyAkhyAna sabhA meM kisI prakAra kA pratibandha na thA / AcArya hemacandra ne saMkucita dRSTikoNa bheda ke kAraNa mata-matAntaroM meM saMkIrNatA A jAtI hai / kAmarAga aura sneharAga kA nivAraNa sukara hai; parantu atipApI dRSTirAga kA ucchedana to paNDita aura sAdhu-santoM ke lie bhI duSkara hai / yaha vastusthiti kA sundara citraNa hai / saMsAra ke sabhI vAda, sampradAya, mata isI dRSTirAga ke hI pariNAma haiM / isa dRSTirAga ke kAraNa hI saMsAra meM azAnti evaM dukhaH dikhAyI detA hai / ataH vizvazAnti ke lie tathA dRSTirAga ke ucchedana ke liye AcArya hemacandra kA 'yogazAstra' Aja bhI atyanta upAdeya grantha hai / hamAre dharma-nirapekSa rAjya meM sAmpradAyika rAga kA bar3hane ke pahale hI uccheda vA~chanIya hai | hemacandra ke yogazAstra kI upAdeyatA isI meM hai / karma AtmA para prabhAva DAlate haiN| kIcar3a meM paira DAlakara phira dhone kI apekSA to kIcar3a meM paira na DAlanA hI acchA hai / I AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra meM zakti - sampradAya ke siddhAnta bhI jagahajagaha bikhare milate haiM / zrI bAlacandra sUri ne " vasanta vilAsa " mahAkAvya ke maMgalAcaraNa meM zakti-paddhati kA anumodana kiyA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAyAnusAra 24 tIrthaGkara kI 24 zAsanadevatA mAnI jAtI haiM / sarasvatI ke 16 vidyAvyUha mAne jAte haiM / jaina zAsana meM tIrthaMGakAra viSayaka dhyAna-yoga kA vidhAna hai / usa dhyAna dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna do mukhya vibhAga hai / usameM dharmadhyAna ke dhyeyasvarUpa para bane hue cAra vibhAga haiM - ( 1 ) piMDastha ( 2 ) padastha ( 3 ) rUpastha aura (4) rUpavarjita / jisa dhyAna meM dhyeya arthAt dhyAna kA Alambana piNDa meM ho aise dhyAna ko piNDastha dhyAna kahate haiM / jisameM zabda brahma ke varNa pada, vAkya ke Upara racita bhAvanA karanI hotI hai use padastha dhyAna kahate hai / jisameM AkAra vAle ahata kI bhAvanA hotI hai use rUpastha dhyAna kahate haiM aura jisameM nirAkAra Atmacintana hotA hai use rUpavarjita dhyAna kahate haiM / isa cAra prakAra ke dhyAna meM pRthvI, jala vAyu Adi kI dhAraNA kA krama piNDastha dhyAna yoga meM hotA hai / aura isa piNDastha dhyAna meM apanI AtmA ko sarvajJakalpa ( sarvajJasama) aura kalyANa guNa yukta apane deza meM satata dhyAna karane vAle ko mantra maNDala kI nIcI zaktiyA~, zAkinI, Adi

Page #174
162 AcArya hemacandra kSudra yoginiyA~ bAdha nahIM kara sakatIM aura hiMsra svabhAva ke prANI agara usake pAsa Akara khar3e ho jAye to stambhita ho khar3e raha jAte haiM / jaina dhyAna yoga kA hemacandra sUri ke adhyAtmopaniSada nAmAntaravAle yogazAstra meM acchI taraha se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| piNDastha dhyAna ke bAda dUsarA dhyAna padastha varga kA hotA hai| isa dhyAna meM hinduoM ke SaTcakra vedha kI paddhati ke anusAra varNamayI devatA kA cintana hotA hai / isa dhyAnayoga meM hinduoM ke mantra-zAstra kI sampUrNa paddhati svIkAra kI huI pratIta hotI hai| nAbhisthAna meM SoDazadala meM solaha svara-mAtrAe~, hRdayasthAna meM 24 dala meM madhya kaNikA ke sAtha meM 25 akSara aura mUla paMkaja meM akacaTatapayaza varNASTaka ko banAkara mAtR dhyAna kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa mAtR ke dhyAna ko siddha karane vAle ko naSTa padArthoM kA tatkAla bhAna hotA hai| phira nAbhiskaMda ke nIce aSTadala padma kI bhAvanA karake, usameM vargASTaka banAkara pratyeka dala kI sandhi meM mAyA praNava ke sAtha arhan pada banAkara, hrasva, dIrgha, pluta, uccAra se nAbhi, hRdaya, kaNTha Adi sthAnoM ko suSumnA mArga se apane jIva ko UrdhvagAmI karanA aura usake antara meM yaha cintana karanA ki antarAtmA kA zodhana hotA hai| tatpazcAt SoDazadala padma meM sudhA se plAvita apanI antarAtmA ko 16 vidyA deviyoM ke sAtha 16 dalo meM baiThAkara yaha bhAvanA karanA ki amRta bhAva milatA hai, / anta meM dhyAna ke Aveza se "so'ham" "so'ham" zabda se apane ko arhat ke rUpa meM anubhava karane ke lie mUrghA meM prayatna krnaa| isa prakAra jo apanI AtmA ko, jisa paramAtmA meM se rAga dveSa, moha, nivRta ho gaye haiM, jo sarvadarzI haiM aura jise devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiM aise dharmadeza- dharmopadeza ko karane vAle arhat deva ke sAtha ekIbhAva ko prApta huA anubhava kara sake ve piNDastha dhyeya siddha kiye hue samajhe jA sakate haiN| isa sAmAnya pratikriyA ke sivAya aura bhI aneka mantro kI paramparA se zaktiyukta Atma-svarUpa kI bhAvanAoM kA vidhAna yogazAstra ke aSTama prakAza meM kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandrasUri ne kiyA hai / ina mantroM meM praNava (U) mAyA (hIM) Adi bIjAkSara zakti-tantra ke jaise ke taise svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| kevala mukhya devatA rUpa meM 'arihantANam' jaina paMcAkSarI lI gayI hai| isa mantra zakti kI prakriyA kA hemacandrasUri ne svayaM AviSkAra nahIM kiyA, parantu prAcIna gaNadharo dvArA svIkRta mantra sampradAya kI rIti ke AdhAra para hI isakA varNana kiyA hai| yaha tathya unake yogazAstra ke 8 veM prakAza ke antima zlokoM se spaSTa mAlUma

Page #175
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha hotA hai| padastha dhyAnayoga kA phala varNana karate hue hemasUri kahate haiM ki dhyAna se yoge vItarAga hotA hai / isake atirikta zrama ko to kevala grantha vistAra hI samajhanA cAhiye / mantra vidyA ke varNa aura pada kI AvazyakatA ho to vizleSaNa karanA arthAt binA sandhivAle padoM ko bhI prayoga meM lAnA cAhiye kyoMki vaisA karane se lakSya vastu adhika spaSTa hotI hai| isa jaina zAsana meM mantrarUpI tatvaratna kA prAcIna gaNagharoM ke pramukha puruSoM dvArA svIkAra kiye hue haiN| yaha jJAna buddhimAnoM ko bhI prakAza dete haiM / isalie ye mantra aneka bhava ke klezoM kA nAza karane ke lie prakAzita kie gaye haiM / __ yogazAstra ke navama aura dazama prakAza meM rUpastha aura rUpavajita dhyAna ke prakAroM kA varNana hai, parantu usake sAtha zakti-vAda kA sambandha nahIM hai / usake bAda kI zukladhyAna kI prakriyA bhI zaktivAda ke sAtha sambandha nahIM rkhtii| sArAMza yaha hai ki aisA pratIta hotA hai ki piNDastha aura padastha dhyAna yoga meM jainoM ko tantra-sAdhanA aura tantra-zakti ko svIkArA hai aura mUla vastu kI zakti ko devatA bhAva se aGgIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jainoM meM bhI malina vidyA aura zuddha vidyA kA honA sambhava hai / hemacandrasUri ne zuddha vidyA para hI jora diyA hai| zrI viMTaranIja apane bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM likhate haiM ki hemacandra kA 'yogazAstra' kevala dhyAnayoga nahIM hai apitu sAmAnya dharmAcaraNa kI zikSA hai / zrI varadAcArI bhI isI prakAra kA mata prakaTa karate haiM / 1-"yogazAstra of Hemchandra does not mean merely meditation or absorption but religions exercise in general, the whole effort which the pious must made. The work contains complete doctrine of duties. The actual ut takes about 1/10 of the whole commentary. Hemchandra is well versed in Brahminical literature and quotes the verses from Mapu." History of Indian Literature by Winternitz, vol II; Page 511, 569, 571. tathA yogazAstra gives an account of duties of Jains and rigid practices peculiar to the asectic tempermanent of Jains" --History of Sanskrit Litrature by Varadachari, Page 101

Page #176
164 AcArya hemacandra hemacandra kI dhArmika AsthA kA svarUpa - dhArmika AsthA ke sambandha meM vicAra karate samaya yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki hindU, bauddha, jaina sabhI dharmoM ne bhakti patha ko svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha eka atyanta prAcIna sAdhanA-mArga rahA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM ke vivaraNa se yaha prabhAvita hotA hai ki kevala stutistotra yA stava-stavana hI nahIM pUjA, vandanA, vinaya, maMgala aura mahotsava ke rUpa meM bhI jaina bhakti panapatI rahI hai / unake mata se pUjA bhakti kA mukhya aMga hai| dhyAna aura bhAva pUjA ko eka mAnakara dhyAna-bhakti kI ekatA hI AcArya hemacandra ne siddha kI hai / usake bhAvapUjA, dravyapUjA jaise kaI prakAra bhI batalAye gaye haiM / vinaya aura zraddhA kA ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai| nRtya, gAyana, vAdana, nATaka, rAsa, ratha-yAtrA ityAdi sabhI kucha bhakta ke bhAvoM kI abhivyakti hai| 'yogazAstra' ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainoM kA bhagavAna vItarAgI hai / 'para' meM hone vAlA rAga hI bandha kA hetu hai, parantu vItarAgI paramAtmA 'para' nahIM apitu 'sva' AtmA hI hai / vItarAga meM kiyA gayA anurAga niSkAma hI hai| bhagavAna arahanta yA siddha rAga-dveSarahita hone para bhI bhaktoM ko unakI bhakti ke anusAra phala dete haiM / isa prakAra paramezvara kI stuti puNyavardhaka karmoM ko janma detI hai / stuti puNyabhoga kA nimitta hai, karma-kSaya kA nhiiN| bhagavAna jinendra ke caraNa kamala-yugala kI stuti ko eka aisI nadI mAnA hai jisake zItala jala se kAlodana dAvAnala upazama ho jAtA hai, arthAta mokSa milatA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne apane darzana granthoM meM eka aura AtmA ke gIta gAye to dUsarI aura arhanta ke caraNoM ke nikaTa zraddhA ke dIpaka jalAye / unhIM ne nirguNa aura saguNa jaise khaNDoM kI kabhI kalpanA nahIM kii| hemacandra ke granthoM se vidita hotA hai ki tIrthayAtrA se bhI bhakti para pradarzita kI jAtI hai / 'prabandha cintAmaNi' ke anusAra samrATa kumArapAla ne giranAra kI tIrtha-yAtrA kI thii| usa para car3hane ke lie sIr3hiyA~ lagavAyI thiiN| usane zatruJjaya tIrthakSetra ke uddhAra meM 1 karoDa 60 lAkha rupayA vyaya kiyA thaa| svayaM AcArya hemacandra bhI tIrtha yAtrA karate the| tarthaGakaro ke janma mahotsava, ratha-yAtrA mahotsava, ityAdi prakAroM se bhI dhArmika AsthA prakaTa kI jAtI thii| dhArmika AsthA prakaTa karane ke ye prakAra AcArya hemacandra ko mAnya haiN| unhoMne apane mahAvIracarita meM usa ratha-yAtrA mahotsava kA sarasa varNana kiyA hai jo samrATa kumArapAla ne sampanna karavAyA thaa| 1-pratigrAma pratipuramAsamudra mahItale / rathayAtrotsavaM so'hatpratimAnAM kariSyAti hemacandrAcArya-mahAvIracarita-sarga 12-zlo, 76

Page #177
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha 165 "moharAja parAjaya' nATaka meM bhI kumArapAla dvArA ratha-yAtrA mahotsava manAne kI AjJA dene kA ullekha hai| zrI somaprabhAcArya ke 'kumArapAla pratibodha'(1185I.) meM to isa mahotsava kA vizada varNana hai| tIrthaGkaroM ke janmotsava ke avasara para nattha-nATakAdikoM kA bhI Ayojana hotA thA / yaha bhI dhArmika AsthA prakaTa karane kA eka mAdhyama thaa| kumAravihAra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti kI sthApanA ke avasara para yazapAla mor3ha ke "moharAja parAjaya"nATaka kA pradarzana huA thaa| zrI lakSmIzaMkara vyAsa kA mata hai ki kumArapAla ne guru hemacandra se vi0 sa0 1216 meM jaina dharma kI dIkSA lene ke uparAnta kumAravihAra kA nirmANa aura pratiSThA karavAyI thI / indramahotsava"ke prArambha se sambandhita eka kathA 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita' ( 1-6-214-25 ) meM dI huI hai, jisase AcArya hemacandra kI dhArmika AsthA kA svarUpa mAlUma par3atA hai| eka bAra RSabhadeva ke putra bharata ne indradeva se pUchA ki kyA Apa svarga meM bhI isI rUpa meM rahate hai ? indra ne uttara diyA ki vahA~ ke rUpa ko manuSya dekha hI nahIM sakatA / bharata ne dekhane kI icchA prakaTa kI to indra ne alaGkAroM se suzobhita apanI eka aMgulI bharata ko dii| vaha jagatIrUpI mandira ke lie dIpaka ke samAna thii| rAjA bharata ne ayodhyA meM usa aMgulI kI sthApanA kara jo mahotsava manAyA vaha 'indra mahotsava' ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| yaha kathA Avazyaka cUrNi (pUrvArdha 21350) aura vasudeva hiNDI (pR0 184) meM bhI dI huI hai| ve jainAcArya hote hue bhI somezvara kI yAtrA meM kumArapAla ke sAtha gaye the tathA AvAhana, avaguNThana, mudrA, mantra, nyAsa, visarjana Adi svarUpa paMcopacAra vidhi se unhone ziva kI pUjA kI evaM bhagavAna ziva ko pratyakSa kiyaa| sArAMza yaha ki AcArya hemacandra kI dhArmika AsthA kA svarUpa ativizAla evaM vyApaka thaa| 1-zrI lakSmIzaMkara vyAsa-caulukya kumArapAla-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1954 pRSTha 33, 40. na 2-bhakti ke 12 bheda-siddhabhakti, zrutabhakti, cAritrabhakti, yogabhakti, AcArya bhakti, paMcaguru bhakti, tIrthaGkara bhakti, zAnti bhakti, samAdhibhakti, nirmANa bhakti, nandIzvara bhakti, caityabhakti, 12

Page #178
166 AcArya hemacandra dhArmika sAhitya meM yogazAstra kA sthAna-saMskRta kA dhArmika sAhitya sudUra vaidikakAla se Arambha hotA hai| vedoM meM jo karmakANDa viSayaka sAhitya hai vahI prAcInatama dhArmika sAhitya hai| yajurveda tathA brAhmaNa-granthoM se yaha sAhitya vipulatA se prApta hotA hai / usI prakAra smRtikAla meM yA sUtrakAla meM saMskRta meM dhArmika sAhitya kI sabase adhika samRddhi huI / isake antargata yajJasaMsthA ko sthira rakhane ke lie tadanukUla AcAra-dharma para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai, tathA varNAzrama dharma kI pratiSThA kI gayI hai| isa kAla meM dhArmika sAhitya ke antargata vizeSataH kalpasUtra tathA gRhyasUtra Ate haiM / zrotasUtra athavA kalpasUtra meM vedokta karmakANDa kA hI varNana hai tathA gRhyasUtroM meM cAturvaNyoM ke AcAra-dharma kA varNana hai / usI samaya bahuta se smRti grantha bhI likhe gaye jinameM bhI AcAra-dharma kI pramukhatA hai| jaina dharma bhI zramaNa pradhAna hai jisameM AcaraNa ko pramukhatA dI gayI hai / kevala vaidika karmakANDa ke pratibandha evaM usake hiMsA sambandhI vidhAnoM ko chor3akara jaina dharma eka prakAra se brAhmaNa dharma ko hI svIkAra karatA hai / satya, ahiMsA, tapa, tyAga, sAdhanA, vairAgya Adi bAteM jaina dharma meM vedAnta ke sadRza hI haiN| isa dRSTi se AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM kA saMskRta ke dhArmika sAhitya me viziSTa sthAna hai / AcArya jI apane yogazAstra meM karma-siddhAnta kI pratiSThA karate haiM, tathA Atma-cintana ke lie zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsa para jora dete haiM / AtmA kI sattA evaM sAkSAtkAra ke lie AtmA ke vikAsa para AcArya hemacandra bAhmaNa dharma ke samAna hI jora dete haiM / AtmA ke vikAsa ke anusAra hI paMca-mahAvrata ityAdi dvAdaza-vratoM kA unhoMne yogazAstra meM varNana kiyA hai / ataH hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra se na kevala jainiyoM kI AtmasAdhanA karane kI preraNA kI apitu naiSkarmya ke prati Asakta hindUdharma meM bhI AtmasAdhanA kI preraNA kii.| yogazAstra meM sabhI gRhasthoM ke lie gRhastha jIvana meM Atma-sAdhanA karane kI preraNA dI hai aura isa prakAra puruSArtha se dUra rahane vAle samAja ko unhoMne puruSArtha kI preraNA dI / unakA dharma kevala una puruSoM ke lie hai jo vIra aura dRr3hacitta hai| inakA mUla mantra mAno svAvalambana hai / isalie ye muktAtmA ko 'jina' yA 'vIra' kahate haiN| ___ saMskRta kA dhArmika sAhitya apanI ghisI- piTI prAcIna paramparA ko chor3akara vaiSNavadharma athavA bhakti sampradAya ke rUpa meM nayA mor3a le rahA thA / hemacandra kA jIvana evaM sAhitya isa sampradAya ke sAtha AcAra-dharma meM paryApta sAmya rakhatA thaa| isa nayI dizA meM saMskRta dhArmika sAhitya kA jo vikAsa

Page #179
dArzanika evaM dhArmika-grantha 167 ho rahA thA usameM AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM ne apUrva yogadAna dekara vikAsa meM madada dI hai| unake granthoM ne saMskRta ke dhArmika sAhitya meM bhakti ke sAtha zramaNa-dharma kA evaM tadartha kaThora sAdhAnAyukta AcAra dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| ataeva saMskRta ke dhArmika sAhitya meM AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna sadaiva akSuNNa rahegA / tatkAlIna samAja meM nidrAlasya ko bhagAkara jAgrati utpanna karane kA zreya AcArya jI ke dhArmika granthoM ko bhI hai / unake yogazAstra ke adhyayana evaM abhyAsa se AdhyAtmika pragati kI preraNA to milatI hI hai / aihika jIvana meM sAtvika jIvana vyatIta kara dIrghAyu pAne meM evaM sadAcAra se Adarza nAgarika nirmANa kara samUce samAja ko suvyavasthita karane meM AcArya hemacandra ne apUrva yogadAna kiyA hai / saMkSepa meM rASTrotthAna ke lie rASTrIya caritra kA nirmANa karane meM AcArya hemacandra ke dhArmika grantha pUrNatayA sakSama haiN| isa dRSTi se saMskRta ke dhArmika sAhitya meM AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM kA sthAna sadA hI anukaraNIya rhegaa| jaina dharma kA sAhitya atyanta samRddha hai / yaha adhikAMzataH prAkRta meM hai| sUtra kAla meM jaba anya darzanoM ne jaina-mata kI AlocanA kI taba janoM ne apane mata ke saMrakSaNa ke lie saMskRta bhASA ko apnaayaa| isa prakAra saMskRta meM bhI jaina sAhitya kA vikAsa huA hai| prAcInatama dharma granthoM meM caturdazapUrva aura ekAdaza aMga ginAye jAte haiN| lekina pUrva grantha abhI lupta ho gaye haiN| unake bAda kramaza: upAMga, prakIrNa sUtra, ityAdi nAnA zreNI ke grantha likhe gaye haiN| saMskRta meM umAsvAti kA 'tatvArthAdhigamasUtra' siddhasena divAkara kA 'nyAyAvatAra' naimicandra kA 'dravyasaGgraha' mallisena kI 'syAdvAdamaJjarI' prabhAcandra kA 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' Adi prasiddha dArzanika grantha haiN| ___ AcArya hemacandra ne apane pUrvavartI sabhI AcAryoM ke dhArmika sAhitya kA samucita upayoga kiyA aura usI paramparA ko puSTa karate hue use vikasita karate hue, use aura Age bar3hAyA hai| prAcIna kAla meM jaina varga tAtvika vicAroM ke nAma para mAno dAridraya hI thA / kevala kAyikatapa, azana, tyAgapara vizeSa jora diyA jAtA thaa| Abhyantara tapa meM svAdhyAya lAcArI se A gayA thaa| kevala asana tyAga se zarIra to jIrNa hotA hI hai, jJAna bhI jIrNa, kRzakAya, maraNAsanna ho jAtA hai, yaha pratIti jaina purANa puruSa ko dUsaroM kI apekSA bahuta vilamba se huii| umAsvAti ne sarva prathama isa anubhUti ko vyakta kiyaa| umAsvAti se jaina deha meM darzAnAtmA ne praveza kiyA / kucha jJAna kI cetanA prasphuTita huI jo Age

Page #180
AcArya hemacandra kundakunda, siddhasena, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, haribhadra, yazovijaya Adi ke rUpa meM vikasita hotI gayI' / 1 168 isI jJAna kI cetanA ko AcArya hemacandra ne apanI tarkazuddha evaM tarka siddha tathA bhakti yukta sarasa vANI ke dvArA vikAsa kI paramocca coTI para pahu~cA diyA / inhoMne purAnI jar3atA ko jar3amUla se ukhAr3a pheMka diyA, evaM bhAtmavizvAsa kA saJcAra kiyA / aura isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM ne jaina dharma ke sAhitya meM samRddhi to kI hai, sAtha hI isameM utkRSTatA lAye / jaina dharma ke sAhitya meM unake granthoM kA sthAna apUrva hai / aura unake granthoM ke kAraNa hI jaina dharma gujarAta meM to dRDhamUla huA hI bhAratavarSa meM sarvatra, vizeSataH madhyapradeza meM, jaina dharma ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM AcArya hemacandra tathA unake granthoM abhUtapUrva yogadAna kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se jaina dharma ke sAhitya meM AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM kA sthAna amUlya haiM / 1 - jaina darzana - muni zrI nyAya vijaya jI - prAkkathana ; zAntilAla

Page #181
adhyAya: 7 upasaMhAra bhAratIya sAhitya ko hemacandra kI dena AcArya hemacandra kI bahumuravI pratibhA namo'tu hemacandrAya vizadA yasya dhI-prabhA vikAsayati sarvANi zAstrANi kumudAniva // 1 // kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandra - jinheM pazcimI vidvAn AdarapUrvaka 'jJAna kA sAgara' (Ocean of Knowledge) kahate haiM - saMskRta jagat meM viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiM / saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza sAhitya ke mUrdhanya praNetA, AcArya hemacandra kA vyaktitva jitanA gauravapUrNa hai, utanA hI preraka bhI hai| 'kalikAlasarvajJa' upAdhi se unake vizAla evaM vyApaka vyaktitva ke viSaya meM anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / na kevala adhyAtma evaM dharma ke kSetra meM apitu sAhitya evaM bhASA-vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI unakI pratibhA kA prakAza samAna rUpa se vistIrNa huaa| inameM eka sAtha hI vaiyAkaraNa, AlaGakArika, dArzanika, sAhityakAra, itihAsakAra, purANakAra, koSakAra, chando'nuzAsaka, dharmopadezaka aura mahAn yugakavi kA anyatama samanvaya huA hai| AcArya hemacandra kA vyaktitva sArvakAlika, sArvadezika evaM vizvajanIna rahA hai, kintu durbhAgyavaza abhItaka unake vyaktitva ko sampradAya-vizeSa taka hI sImita rakhA gyaa| sampradAyarUpI meghoM se Acchanna hone ke kAraNa ina AcArya sUrya kA Aloka sampradAyetara jana

Page #182
AcArya hemacandra sAdhAraNa taka pahu~ca na skaa| svayaM jaina sampradAya meM bhI sAdhAraNa bauddhika stara ke loga AcArya hemacandra ke viSaya meM anabhijJa haiM / kintu AcArya hemacandra kA kAryaM to sampradAyAtIta aura sarvajana hitAya rahA hai / aura isa dRSTi se ve anya sAmAnya jana, AcAryo evaM kaviyoM se kahIM bahuta adhika sammAna evaM zraddhA ke adhikArI haiM / bhAratIya itihAsa meM 12 vIM zatAbdI arthAt hemacandra-yuga jaina saMskRti ke jayaghoSa kA yuga hai / isa samaya taka dharma, AcAra aura cintana ke kSetroM ko niyamita aura nirdezita karane vAle zAstroM aura sUtra-granthoM kA praNayana ho cukA thA evaM jana-jIvana kI jAnhavI jaina AgamoM kI upatyakA se utara kara lokabhASA kI sapATa samatala bhUmi para vicaraNa karane lagI thii| vistAra ne usakA vega tathA bhU- kilviSa kardama ne usakA nairmalya kucha kSINa kara diyA thA / AcArAMgAdi Agama sUtroM ke ubhayataTasparzI tuGga kagAroM ke bIca usakA pravAha yadyapi apekSAkRta Abaddha thA, phira bhI usakI zItala madhura pAvana phuhAra kI AhalAda - dAyinI zakti meM raMcamAtra kI kamI na Ane pAyI thI / hemacandra sacce artha meM AcArya | AcArya kise kahate haiM ? AcArya AcAra grahaNa karavAtA hai, AcArya arthoM kI vRddhi karatA hai yA buddhi bar3hAtA hai / AcArya ke tInoM dharmoM kA samAveza isameM hotA hai / Ajakala kI paribhASA ke anusAra-AcArya ziSya varga ko ziSTAcAra tathA sadvartana sikhAtA hai / vicAroM kI vRddhi karatA hai / jo isa prakAra buddhi kI vRddhi karatA hai / jo caritra tathA buddhi kA vikAsa karane meM samartha ho; vaha AcArya hai / isa artha meM AcArya hemacandra gujarAta ke eka pradhAna AcArya ho gaye, yaha niHsandeha hai / yaha bAta unake jIvanakArya kA aura loka meM usake pariNAma kA itihAsa dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtI hai / AcArya ke sabhI guNa hemacandra meM vidyamAna the / 170 saMskRta sAhitya aura vikramAditya ke itihAsa meM jo sthAna kAlidAsa kA aura zrI harSa ke darabAra meM jo sthAna bANabhaTTa kA hai, prAyaH vahI sthAna 12 vIM zatAbdI meM caulukya vaMzodbhava suprasiddha gurjara narendra ziromaNi siddharAja jayasiMha ke itihAsa meM zrI hemacandrAcArya kA hai / AcArya hemacandra aneka vidyAoM tathA zAstroM meM niSNAta the / zrI somaprabhUsUri ne zatArthakAvya meM inakA gauravapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai - " vidyAMbhonidhi maMtha maMdara giriH zrI hemacandro guruH" / granthoM kI sarvAMgapUrNatA, vaijJAnikatA aura saralatA kI dRSTi se inakA sthAna advitIya hai / nikhilazAstra nipuNatA tathA bahujJatA ke kAraNa unhoMne kalikAla

Page #183
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 171 sarvajJa kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| unakI yogyatA, unakI kSamatA, unakA jIvana, unakA kArya, unakA AcAra-vyavahAra-caritra sabhI guNa zatapratizata AcArya ke samAna the| AcArya ke sAtha-sAtha ve kalikAla-sarvajJa bhI the| mahAn vidvAn ke sAtha-sAtha ve camatkArI purUSa the| yogasiddha hone se unhoMne aneka alaukika bAteM kriyAnvita kI thiiN| AcArya hemacandra mantra-vidyA meM pAraGagata the kintu unhoMne usakA upayoga sAMsArika vaibhavoM kI prApti meM kabhI nahIM kiyaa| unake pAsa vidyAe~ thIM, maMtra the aura unheM deviyAM siddha thiiN| kintu AcArya hemacandra ne unakA kabhI rAgAtmaka prayoga nahIM kiyaa| hemacandrAcArya svayaM camatkArasiddha puruSa the phira bhI ve logoM ko camatkAra ke jAla meM mohita karanA nahIM cAhate the| unakI dhArmika AsthA mUlarUpa se buddhivAda para hI thii| hemacandra yadyapi buddhivAdI prakANDa paNDita the phira bhI alaukika zakti para unakA vizvAsa thA aura ve alaukika zaktiyukta svayaM bhI the| unhoMne apane AzrayadAtA kumArapAla kI bImArI apanI maMtra-zakti se dUra kI thii| vRddhAvasthA meM lUtA roga ho jAne para aSTAMgayogAbhyAsa dvArA lIlA ke sAtha unhoMne usa roga ko naSTa kara diyA thA' / 'prabhAvakacarita' (5-115-127) meM joNipAhur3a (yoniprAbhRta) ke bala se machalI aura siMha utpanna karane kI tathA 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' (gAthA 1775) kI hemacandra-sUri kRta TIkA meM aneka vijAtIya dravyoM ke saMyoga se sarpa, siMha Adi prANi aura maNi, suvarNa Adi acetana padArtho ke paidA karane kA ullekha milatA hai / Aja bhI pATana meM unakI alaukika zaktiyoM ke sambandha meM nAnAprakAra kI kiMbadantiyA~ prasiddha haiN| vaise bhI 3 // karor3a paMktiyoM ke virATa sAhitya kA eka vyakti ke dvArA sRjana karanA svayaM meM asAdhAraNa bAta hai| AcArya hemacandra apane bhavya vyaktitva ke rUpa meM eka jIvita vizvavidyAlaya athavA murtimAna jJAnakoSa the| unhoMne jJAnakoSa ke samakakSa vizAla grantha saGgraha kA bhI bhAvI pIr3hI ke liye sRjana kiyA thA pro0 pArIkha inheM 'Intellectual giant' kahA hai| ve sacamuca 'lakSaNA' sAhitya tathA tarka' arthAta vyAkaraNa, sAhitya tathA darzana ke asAdhAraNa AcArya the| ve suvarNAbha kAnti ke tejasvI, AkarSaka, vyaktitva ko dhAraNa karane vAle mahApuruSa the / ve taponiSTha the, zAstravettA the tathA kavi the / vyasanoM ko chur3Ane meM ve prabhAvakArI sudhAraka bhI the / unhoMne jayasiMha aura kumArapAla kI 1-prabandhacintAmaNi-hemaprabandha

Page #184
172 AcArya hemacandra sahAyatA se madyaniSedha saphala kiyA thaa| unakI stutiyA~ unheM santa siddha karatI haiM, tathA Atma-niveda / unheM yogI siddha karatA hai| ve sarvajJa ke ananya upAsaka the| AcArya hemacandra ke divya jIvana meM pada-pada para hama unakI vividhatA, sarvadezIyatA, pUrNatA, bhaviSyavANiyoM meM satyatA aura kalikAla-sarvajJatA dekhasakate haiM / unhoMne apanI jJAna-jyotsnA se aMdhakAra kA nAza kiyaa| ve maharSi, mahAtmA, pUrNa saMyamI, utkRSTa jitendriya evaM akhaNDa brahmacArI the / ve nirbhaya, rAjanItijJa, gurubhakta, mAtRbhakta, bhaktavatsala tathA vAdimAnamardaka the| ve sarvadharmasamabhAvI, satya ke upAsaka, jaina dharma ke pracAraka tathA deza ke uddhAraka the / ve sarala the, udAra the, nispRha the| sabakucha hote hue bhI, pro0 pITarsana ke zabdoM meM, duniyA ke kisI bhI padArtha para unakA tilamAtra moha nahIM thaa| unake pratyeka grantha meM vidvattA kI jhalaka, jJAnajyoti kA prakAza, rAjakArya meM aucitya, ahiMsA pracAra meM dIrghadRSTi, yoga meM svAnubhava kA Adarza, pracArakArya meM vyavasthA, upadeza meM prabhAva, vANI meM AkarSaNa, stutiyoM meM gAMbhIrya, chandoM meM bala, alaMkAroM meM camatkAra, bhaviSyavANI meM yathArthatA evam unake sampUrNa jIvana meM kalikAla-sarvajJatA jhalakatI hai| AcArya hemacandra jainAcAra ke prati kevala AsthAvAna hI nahIM the apitu svayaM bhI eka sUri kA jIvana vyatIta karate the| unhoMne apane prabhAva evam upadeza se 33000 kuTumba arthAta lagabhaga 1 // lAkha vyakti jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiye / itanA saba hote hue bhI hemacandrAcArya prakRti se santa the / siddha rAja jayasiMha evam kumArapAla kI rAjyasabhA meM rahate hue bhI unhoMne rAjyakavi kA sammAna grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| ve rAjyasabhA meM bhI rahe to AcArya ke rUpa meM hii| gujarAta kA jIvana unnata karane ke liye unhoMne ahiMsA aura tatvajJAna kA rahasya janasAdhAraNa ko samajhAyA, unase AcaraNa karAyA aura isIliye anya sthAnoM kI apekSA gujarAta meM Aja bhI ahiMsA kI jar3eM adhika majabUta haiN| gujarAta meM ahiMsA kI prabalatA kA zreya AcArya hemacandra ko hI hai / gujarAta ne hI AcArya hemacandra ko janma diyA tathA gujarAta ne hI Age jAkara mahAtmA gA~dhI ko janma diyaa| yaha daivI ghaTanAoM kA camatkAra pratIta hotA hai, kintu vAstava meM AcArya hemacandra ne apane divya AcaraNa se, prabhAvakArI pracAra evaM upadeza se mahAtmA gAMdhI ke janma kI pRSThabhUmi hI mAnoM taiyAra kI thii| bhArata ke itihAsa meM yadi sarvathA madyavirodha tathA madyaniSedha huA hai 1-hemacandrAcArya- IzvaralAla jaina-Adarza granthamAlA,mulatAna /

Page #185
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 173 to vaha siddharAja evaM kumArapAla ke samaya meM hii| isakA zreya niHsandeha pUrNatayA AcArya hemacandra ko hI hai / usa samaya gujarAta kI zAnti, tuSTi, puSTi evam samRddhi ke liye AcArya hemacandra hI prabhAvazAlI kAraNa the| inake kAraNa hI kumArapAla ne apane AdhIna aThAraha bar3e dezoM meM caudaha varSa taka jIvahatyA kA nivAraNa kiyA thA / karNATaka, gurjara, lATa, saurASTra, kaccha, sindhu, ucca bhamerI, marudeza, mAlava, kokaNa, kIra jAMgalaka, sapAdalakSa, mevAr3a,dillI aura jAlaMdhara dezoM meM kumArapAla ne prANiyoM ko abhayadAna diyA aura sAtoM vyasanoM kA niSedha kiyaa| __AcArya hemacandra ne apane pANDitya kI prakhara kiraNoM se sAhitya. saMskRti aura itihAsa ke vibhinna kSetroM ko Alokita kiyA hai / ve kevala purAtana paddhati ke anuyAyI nahIM the / jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM 'hemacandra yuga' ke nAma se pRthaka samaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai tathA usa yuga kA vizeSa mahatva hai| ve gujarAtI sAhitya aura saMskRti ke Adya-prayojaka the / isaliye gujarAta ke sAhityika viddhAna unheM gujarAta kA "jyotirdhara" kahate haiM / unakA sampUrNa jIvana tatkAlIna gujarAta ke itihAsa ke sAtha guthA huA hai| unhoMne apane ojasvI aura sarvAGagaparipUrNa vyaktitva se gujarAta ko saMvArA hai, sajAyA hai aura yugayuga taka jIvita rahane kI zakti bharI hai / "hema sArasvata satra" unhoMne sarvajanahitAya prakaTa kiyaa| ka0 mA0 munzI ne unheM gujarAta kA cetanadAtA "Creator of Gujarat consciousness'' kahA hai / 'triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita' kI prazasti meM unhoMne kahA hai ki vyAkaraNa kI racanA to siddharAja jayasiMha ke anurodha para kI gayI kintu dvayAzraya, kAvyAnuzAsana, chando'nuzAsana, yogazAstra Adi kI racanA 'lokAya' logoM ke liye kI gyii| yahAM 'lokAya' kA artha 'sAmpradAyika manovRti ke loga jaina' kiyA jAtA hai, kintu niHsandeha AcArya hemacandra ke sammukha jo zrotRvRnda athavA pAThakavarga thA vaha jaina sampradAya se adhika vyApaka thaa| usameM sabhI dharmoM ke sabhI sampradAyoM ke loga sammilita the| - AcArya hemacandra kalAtmaka nirmANa ke bhI preraka the| inakI preraNA se pazcima tathA pazcimottara bhArata meM aneka mandiroM evaM vihAroM kA nirmANa huaa| siddhapura meM siddharAja ne rUdramahAlaya prAsAda bnvaayaa| yaha 23 hAtha U~cA 1-jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa-mo. da. desAI tathA gujarAta eNDa iTsa liTarecara-ka. mA. munzI

Page #186
174 AcArya hemacandra sarvAGagapUrNa prAsAda hai / usa prAsAda meM azvapati, gajapati, narapati ityAdi bar3ebar3e rAjAoM kI mUrtiyA~ banavAkara haiM aura unake sAmane hAtha jor3e hue apanI mUrti bhI banavAyI hai| siddharAja ne sahasraliGaga sarovara banavAyA / kumArapAla ne somezvara-somanAtha mandira kA uddhAra kiyA / kumArapAla ne 1440 naye vihAra bnvaaye| tribhuvanapAla vihAra meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA krvaayii| isake atirikta mUSaka vihAra, yUkAvihAra, karambakavihAra, jholikA vihAra Adi vihAra banavAye / saMsAra-prasiddha aitihAsika somanAtha ke mandira kA punarnimANa AcArya hemacandra kI preraNA se hI huA thaa| 'prabandhacintAmaNi' meM isakA ullekha hai / paJcakUla ke mandira kA nirmANa pUrNa ho jAne para AcArya hemacandra aura kumArapAla donoM hI devadarzana karane ke liye gaye the| AcArya hemacandra ke prabhAva evaM preraNA se gujarAta tathA rAjasthAna meM bane mandira evaM vihAra kalA ke utkRSTa namUne haiN| unameM vAstukalA kI sArI zailiyoM kA samAveza huA hai / usa samaya ke sthApatya nirmANa meM drAvir3a tathA Arya-zailiyoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai / janoM dvArA nirmita kIrtistambha athavA mandiroM meM patha ke rUpa se nirmita stambha unakI kalA ke yaza ke paricAyaka haiM / stambha para nakkAzI bhI pAyI jAtI hai / AbU pahAr3a para sthita zveta pASANoM se banA huA jaina mandira sthApatya ke vaibhava kA sUcaka hai / mandiroM ke gumbada aSTa-koNIya haiM / meharAboM kI racanA kucha isa taraha kI hai jisase AThoM stambha usa gumbada ke antaraGga kI zobhA bar3hAte haiM / isa gumbada ke bhItarI bhAga ke alaGkAra cakra ekahare, dohare, tihare hokara gumbada ke kendra taka pahu~ce haiM / isa alaGkAra cakra kA vaicitrya tathA usakI samRddhi donoM uccakoTi kI suruci kA saMvardhana tathA poSaNa karate haiM / gujarAta ke bar3anagara ke sundara toraNoM yA praveza dvAra kI bhavyatA, khudAI kI anupama paTutA tathA zobhA bhAratIya sthApatyakalA ko saMsAra kI AMkhoM meM niHsandeha UcA uThAtI hai| isa yuga meM bhavana-nirmANa meM bhI jainoM ne kAphI ruci batalAyI aura isa saba ke preraNAsrota AcArya hemacandra the / vyAkaraNa zAstra meM hemacandra kA yogadAna -mAlava aura gujarAta meM rAjanItika IrSyA zatAbdiyoM se calI A rahI thA / rAjanItika IrSyA kI yaha bhAvanA Age jAkara sAhityika tathA sAMskRtika kSetra taka vyApaka ho gayI thii| bhojadeva ke lagabhaga 80 varSa pazcAt gujarAta ke prasiddha rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha mAlavA ke bhojavaMzIya rAjA yazovarma deva ko yuddha meM parAsta karake avantinAtha kahalAne lagA 1-prabandhacintAmaNi tathA bhAratIya vAstuzAstra pR. 72-DI. ena. zukla /

Page #187
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 175 thaa| usa samaya siddharAja jayasiMha ujjaina meM Aye / 'prabhAvaka carita' ke anusAra jaba adhikArIgaNa siddharAja jayasiMha ko ujjaina kA granthAlaya dikhA rahe the taba unakI dRSTi vyAkaraNa grantha para pdd'ii| hemacandrAcArya ne batalAyA, yaha zabdazAstra para grantha hai / isI taraha alaGakArazAstra, daivajJazAstra, tarkazAstra, ityAdi ke grantha ve batAte rahe / rAjA ne pUchA, 'kyA hamAre yahA~ koI vidvAna nahIM jo isa prakAra zAstrIya grantha racanA kara ske'| saba loga hemacandrAcArya ko tarapha dekhane lge| rAjA ne hemacandra se isa sambandha meM punaH punaH prArthanA kI' taba hemacandra ne kahA, 'kartavyanirdeza ke liye Apake zabda paryApta haiM / bhAratIya devI ke granthAlaya meM 8 vyAkaraNa grantha haiN| una granthoM ko kAzmIra se mNgaaiye| tatpazcAta hemacandra ne upalabdha vibhinna vyAkaraNoM kA samyaka adhyayana kara siddharAja jayasiMha ke nAma ke sAtha jor3akara "siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana" nAmaka grantha racA / jitane prAcIna ArSa vyAkaraNa bane unameM samprati ekamAtra pANinIya vyAkaraNa hI sAGgopAGga upalabdha hotA haiM / pANini ke pazcAt kaI zatAbdiyoM taka vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM pANini kA hI sAmrAjya rahA hai / vArtikakAra kAtyAyana tathA mahAbhASyakAra pataJjali ne apane bahumUlya granthoM se pANini kA hI gaurava bar3hAyA hai / kaiyaTa ne 'mahAbhASya pradIpa' likhakara tathA jayAditya vAmana ne 'kAzikA-vRtti' likhakara, jinendrabuddhi ne 'nyAsa' grantha likhakara isa paramparA ko paramocca coTI taka pahu~cAyA, kintu isa paramparA meM kucha parivartana kara, vyAkaraNa kI nayI praNAlI ko janma dene kA zreya AcArya hemacandra ko hI hai| pANini ke 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM prakriyAnusAra prakaraNa racanA nahIM hai / kAtantra kI prakriyAnusArI paramparA ko punarujjIvita kara AcArya hemacandra ne vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM svayaM kA eka 'haima sampradAya' nirmANa kiyaa| hemacandra ke prakaraNAnusArI 'siddhahaima' athavA 'zabdAnuzAsana' kA paravartI vaiyAkaraNoM para itanA prabhAva huA ki pANiniya vaiyAkaraNoM ne bhI aSTAdhyAyI kI prakriyA paddhati se paThana-pAThana kI nayI praNAlI kA aviSkAra kiyaa| solahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda to pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI samasta paThana-pAThana prakriyA granthAnusAra hone lgii| sUtrapATha, kramAnusArI paThana-pAThana zanaiH zanaiH ucchinna ho gayA / aSTAdhyAyI krama se pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana prAyaH lupta ho gyaa| AcArya hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa kI pahalI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne vyAkaraNa se sambaddha sabhI aGgoM kA pravacana svayaM hI kiyA hai / AcArya hemacandra

Page #188
176 AcArya hemacandra ne apane vyAkaraNa kI bRhad bRtti meM katipaya zikSAsUtroM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| vyAkaraNa kI racanA meM yaha asAmAnya bAta hai| 'zabdAnuzAsana' kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke sAtha hI sAtha vaha prAkRta tathA apabhraMza kA bhI prAmANika vyAkaraNa hai / unhoMne apane vyAkaraNa para do vRttiyAM likhI haiM, eka laghuvRtti tathA dUsarI bRhadvRtti / isake atirikta svopajJavRtti sahita dhAtUpArAyaNa uNAdi tathA liGgAnuzAsana bhI unhoMne likhA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane dhyAkaraNa para eka vRhannayAsa bhI likhA hai / paNDita bhagavAnadAsa ne isakA anveSaNa tathA sampAdana kiyA hai| kahate haiM ki usameM 84,000 hajAra zloka the / sampAdita aMza ko dekhakara hama usakI satyatA ke viSaya meM nizcita anumAna kara sakate haiN| ___ itanI vizAla evaM virAT kRti ko Azcarya janaka rupa se AcArya jI ne akele hI sRjita kiyA hai| hemacandra kA vyAkaraNazAstra meM yaha yogadAna mahatvapUrNa hai / kintu zabdAnuzAsana ko hI sampUrNa na mAnakara zabdazAstra kI sampUrNatA ke liye unhoMne cAra koza grantha likhe / itane para bhI AcArya hemacandra ne vizrAma nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne apane vyAkaraNa kI sodAharaNa vyAkhyA karane ke lie zAstrakA vya kI bhI racanA kI / vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM itanA vizAla yogadAna pataJjali ke bAda anya kisI bhI vaiyAkaraNa ne nahIM kiyaa| prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM apabhraza kA prakaraNa to unakI anyatama vizeSatA hai hI kintu apabhraza ke jo udAharaNa unhoMne prastuta kiye hai ve apabhraza sAhitya ke maulika ratna bhI haiN| hemacandra prAkRta aura apabhraza sAhitya ke uccakoTi ke AcArya the| apabhraMza tathA AMcalika boliyoM tathA vibhinna viSayoM kA itanA bar3A vizeSajJa usa yuga meM aura koI nahIM huaa| pANini aura sAyaNa se inakA mahatva kisI prakAra kama nahIM thaa| apabhraza bhASA aura sAhitya ko hemacandra ko dena- apabhraMza zabda kA artha hai ziSTetara yA zabda kA bigar3A huA rUpa / yaha zabda apANinIya rUpa ke liye prayukta hotA thaa| apabhraza madhyakAlIna aura Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASAoM kI bIca kI kar3I hai, jisakA adhika lagAva paravartI arthAt bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM se hai / apabhraMza ke aneka nAma milate haiM, yathA apabhraMza, avahaMza, apabhraSTa, avahaTTa ityAdi / maharSi pataJjali ne apane mahAbhASya meM likhA hai ki, "bhUyAMso'pazabdAH alpIyAMsaH zabdAH / ekaikasya hi zabdasya bahavo'pabhrazAH tadyathA-gaurityasya zabdasya gAvI, goNI, gotA, gopotalikA ityevamAdayo'pabhrazAH" / arthAt apazabda

Page #189
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 177 bahuta aura zabda (zuddha) thor3e haiM, kyoMki eka-eka zabda ke bahuta apabhraMza hai, jaise gau zabda ke gAvI, goNI, gotA, gopotalikA ityAdi apabhraMza haiM / yahA~ para 'apabhraMza' zabda apazabda ke artha meM hI vyavahRta hai, aura apazabda artha bhI saMskRta vyAkaraNa se asiddha zabda hai| ukta udAharaNoM meM gAvI, goNI ina do zabdoM kA prayoga prAcIna jaina sUtra granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / caNDa tathA AcArya hemacandra Adi prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM ne bhI ye do zabda apane-apane prAkRta vyAkaraNoM meM lakSaNa dvArA siddha kiye haiM / daNDI ne apane 'kAvyAdarza' meM pahale prAkRta aura apabhraMza kA alaga-alaga nirdeza karate hue kAvyoM meM vyavahRta AbhIra prabhRti kI bhASA ko apabhraMza kahA hai aura bAda meM yaha likhA hai ki 'zAstra meM saMskRta bhinna sabhI bhASAyeM apabhraMza kahI gayIM haiM3 / prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM apabhraMza bhASA prAkRta kA hI eka avAntara bheda hai / 'kAvyAlaMkAra' kI TIkA meM namisAdhu ne likhA hai ki "prAkRtamevApabhraMzaH" (2-12)arthAt apabhraza bhI zaurasenI, mAgadhI Adi kI taraha eka prakAra kI prAkRta hI hai / ukta kramika ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki pataJjali ke samaya meM jisa apabhraMza zabda kA 'saMskRta vyAkaraNa asiddha' isa sAmAnya artha meM prayoga hotA thA usane Age jAkara kramazaH prAkRta kA eka bheda ke vizeSa artha ko dhAraNa kiyaa| apabhraMza bhASA ke nidarzana 'vikramorvazIyam' 'dharmAbhyudaya' Adi nATyagranthoM meM, 'harivaMzapurANa' (svayambhU), 'paumacariu' (svayambhU), 'bhavisayattakahA' (dhanapAla), 'saMjama maMjarI', 'mahApurANa' (jinasena), 'jasahara cariu', 'NAyakumAra cariu' (puSpadanta), 'kathAkoSa' (hariSeNa), 'pArzvapurANa' (candrakIrti), 'sudaMsaNa-cariu' (nayanaM di), 'karakaMDa cariu' (kanakAmara), 'jayatihuaNastotra', 'da lAsavaIkahA', 'saNaMkumAra cariu' (haribhadra), 'supAsanAhacarita', 'kumArapAla carita' (hemacandra), 'kumArapAla pratibodha', 'upadezataraMgiNI', prabhRti kAvya granthoM meM 'prAkRta lakSaNa', 'siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana' (aSTama adhyAya), 'saMkSiptasAra', 'SaDbhASAcandrikA', 'prAkRta sarvasva' Adi vyAkaraNoM meM aura 'prAkRta piGgala', 'chando'nuzAsana' Adi chanda-granthoM meM pAye jAte haiM / adhikatara apabhraMza sAhitya jaina bhANDAgAroM meM prApta huA hai arthAt adhikatara jaina apabhraza sAhitya sAmane AyA hai / jainoM dvArA racita purANasAhitya,AkhyAnaka kAvya,kathA-kAvya 1- khArINiyAo gAvIo, goNaM viyAlaM (AcA 2,4,5); govINaM sagellaM (vyavahArasUtra u. 4) NagaragAvIo (vi pA 1,2-pama 26) 2- prAkRta lakSaNa 2,16 tathA he. prA. 2, 174 3- kAvyAdarza 1-36

Page #190
178 AcArya hemacandra aura upadezAtmaka dhArmika aura khaMDanamaMDanAtmaka prazastimUlaka racanAe~ milIM haiN| itanA hI nahIM, inake atirikta muktakoM ke rUpa meM vizuddha laukika zRGagArika kAvya bhI mile haiN| ___DaoN. hornali ke mata meM AryoM kI kathyabhASAe~ bhArata ke AdimanivAsI anArya logoM kI bhinna-bhinna bhASAoM ke prabhAva se jina rUpAntaroM ko prApta huI thIM ve hI bhinna-bhinna apabhraMza bhASAe~ / sara griyarsana prabhRti Adhunika bhASAtatvajJa isako svIkAra nahIM krte| inake mata se vyAkaraNa niyamita bhinna-bhinna prAkRta bhASAe~ janasAdhAraNa meM apracalita hone ke kAraNa jina nUtana kathyabhASAoM kI utpatti huI thI, ve hI apabhraMza bhASAeM haiN| ye apabhraMza bhASAeM IsavI paMcama zatAbdI ke bahuta kAla pUrva se hI vyavahRta hotI thiiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke 'vikramorvazIyam' nATaka meM apabhraMza ke rUpa pAye jAte haiN| ataH kAlidAsa ke samaya se hI apamnaza bhASAe~ sAhitya meM sthAna pAne lagI thIM, yaha spaSTa hai / ye apabhraMza bhASAe~ prAyaH dazama zatAbdI paryanta sAhitya kI bhASAe~ thiiN| ina apabhraMza bhASAoM kI mUla ve vibhinna prAkRta bhASAe~ haiM jo bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM pUrvakAla meM pracalita thiiN| ____ apabhraMza ke bahuta bheda haiM / 'prAkRtacandrikA' meM isake 27 bheda batAye gaye haiN| mArkaNDeya ne apane 'prAkRta sarvasva' meM ina bhedoM ko nagaNya kahakara samasta apabhraMzoM, ko nAgara, brAcau, upanAgara, ina tIna pradhAna bhedoM meM hI vibhAjita kiyA hai| jina apabhraMza sAhitya meM nibaddha hone se jo rUpa pAye jAte haiM unake lakSaNa aura udAharaNa AcArya hemacandra ne kevala apabhraza ke sAmAnya nAma se aura mArkaNDeya ne apabhraza ke tIna vizeSa nAmoM se diye haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne 'apabhraza' isa sAmAnya nAma se jo udAharaNa diye haiM ve rAjapUtAnA tathA gujarAta pradeza ke apabhraza se hI sambandha rakhate haiM / brAcaDApabhraza sindha pradezIya apabhraza se sambaddha hai| isake sivAya zaurasenI apabhraMza ke nidarzana madhyadeza ke apabhraza meM pAye jAte haiN| mahArASTrI prAkRta meM vyaJjanoM kA lopa sarvApekSA adhika hai / apabhraMza meM ukta niyama kA vyatyaya dekhane meM AtA hai / mahArASTrI meM jo vyaJjana varNalopa dekhA jAtA hai apabhraza meM usakI apekSA adhika nahIM, kama hI varNalopa pAyA jAtA hai / R, saMyukta ra kAra bhI vidyamAna hai / varNalopa kI gati ne mahArASTrI ko svara bahula AkAra meM pariNata kara diyA thA / apabhraza meM usI 1-vaMgIya sAhitya pariSad patrikA, 1317

Page #191
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 176 kI pratikriyA Arambha huI aura prAcIna svara-vyajjanoM ko phira sthAna dekara bhASA ko bhinna Adarza meM gaThita karane kI ceSTA huI / prAdezika apabhraMza bhASAeM sAhitya kI bhASAoM ke rUpa meM unnata hone lagIM |"subhvyo'pbhrNshH sarasaracanaM bhUtavacanam"' apabhraMza bhASA bhavya hai, paizAcI kI racanA rasapUrNa hai| apabhraza sAhitya kI racanAeM muktaka aura prabandha donoM rUpoM meM milatI haiM / jainoM dvArA likhita tIna prakAra kI prabandhAtmaka apabhraMza racanAe~ milatI haiM- purANa sAhitya, caritakAvya tathA kathAkAvya / vizuddha laukika zrRMgArika apabhraMza kAvya AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM meM muktakoM ke rUpa meM tathA sandeza rAsakAdi ke rUpa meM milatA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke sAhitya meM 'kumArapAla carita', 'prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana' kA antima bhAga, 'chando'nuzAsana' tathA dezI nAmamAlA meM apabhraMza padya pAye jAte haiM jinase usa kAlataka ke apabhraza sAhitya kA bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / hemacandra ke 'kumArapAla carita' nAmaka prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya ke antima sarga meM 2-82 taka padya apabhraza meM milate haiM / kathA kI dRSTi se prathama sarga se aSTama sarga taka nagaravarNanaRtuvarNana, candrodaya, jinamandiragamana, pUjanAdi viSayoM kA varNana vizad aura suvistRta hai| kAvya aura vyAkaraNa kI AvazyakatAoM kI eka-sAtha pUrti bar3A duSkara kArya hai| isa duSkara kArya ko hI hemacandra ne apanI isa kRti meM bar3I kuzalatA se nibAhA hai / isakI tulanA saMskRta sAhitya ke eka 'bhaTTI kAvya' se kI jA sakatI hai, kintu 'bhaTTI'meM vaha pUrNatA aura kramabaddhatA nahIM jo hameM hemacandra kI kRtiyoM meM milatI hai| AcArya hemacandra ke 'zabdAnuzAsana' ke aSTama adhyAya ke caturtha pAda meM apabhraMza bhASA kA nirUpaNa antima 118 sUtroM meM bar3e vistAra se kiyA hai aura isase bhI bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki ina niyamoM ke udAharaNoM meM unhoMne apabhraza ke pUre padya uddhRta kiye haiM / unake apabhraza ke uddharaNa rasabhAvApanna haiM / 'chando'nuzAsana' meM bhI unhoMne apabhraMza chandoM kA samAveza kara dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| paNDita kezavaprasAda mizra ne hemacandra dvArA uddhRta aneka dohoM ko pUrvI hindI meM pariNata karake dikhAyA hai| jaise: santA bhoga ju pariharai tasu kata ho balikIsu / tasu daiveNa vi suNDiau jasu khallihaDau sIsu / / hema 8-4-389 Achata bhoga je choDaya teha kantAka bali jaaveN| tekara devaya se maMDala jakara khalalau sIsa // 1-bAlarAmAyaNa- rAjazekhara-1-11

Page #192
AcArya hemacandra vaise hI Age kA padya dekhiye :- vAyasu uDaDAvanti ae piu diTaThau sahasatti 1 addhA layA mahihigaya addhAphuTTa ta utti // - hema 8-4-352 isa padya kA uttarakAla meM rAjapUtAne meM nimnalikhita rupa ho gayA :kAga uDAvana jAMvatI piya dITho sahasati / AdhI cUDI kAgagala AdhI TUTa taDitti / / AcArya hemacandra ke muktaka padyoM meM hameM svacchanda vAtAvaraNa milatA hai / jaise:jiva~ jiva~ baMkima loaNahaM Niru sAmali sikakhe i / 180 ti tiva~ vammahu niaya saruravara patthAri ti karaveI / / 8-4-344 arthAt jyoM-jyoM vaha zyAmA locanoM kI vakratA - kaTAkSapAta sIkhatI hai tyoM tyoM kAmadeva apane bANoM ko kaThora patthara para teja karatA hai / piya saMgama kau nidUDI piahI parokakha ho kemba / ivivi vinnAsiA nidU na emba na temba / / 8-4-418 nAyikA kahatI hai - na to priya saMgama meM nidrA hai aura na priya ke parokSa hone pr| merI donoM prakAra kI nidrA naSTa hogayI / pa0 candradhara zarmA gulerI ne hemacandra ke granthoM ke mahatva kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai / (1) "hemacandra ne pIche na dekhA to Age dekhA, udhara kA chUTA to idhara bar3hA liyA, apane samaya taka kI bhASA kA vivecana kara DAlA / yahI hemacandra kA pahalA mahatva hai ki aura vaiyAkaraNoM kI taraha kevala pANini ke vyAkaraNa ke lokopayogI aMza ko apane dacara meM badalakara hI ve santuSTa nahIM rahe, pANini ke samAna pIche nahIM to Age dekhakara apane samaya taka kI bhASA taka kA vyAkaraNa banA gayA" / (2) 'apabhraMza ke aMza meM unhoMne pUrI gAthAe~, pUre chanda aura pUre avataraNa diye haiM, yaha hemacandra kA dUsarA mahatva hai | apabhraMza ke niyama yoM samajha meM na Ate / madhyama puruSa ke liye paI, 'zapatha' meM tha kI jagaha gha hone se savagha aura makkaDaghugdhi kA anukaraNa prayoga binA pUrA udAharaNa diye samajha meM nahIM AtA / ( 3 ) tIsarA mahatva hemacandra kA yaha hai ki vaha apane vyAkaraNa kA pANini aura bhaTTojIdIkSita hone ke sAthasAtha usakA bhaTTi bhI hai / unhoMne apane saMskRta prAkRta dvayAzrayakAvya meM apane vyAkaraNa ke udAharaNa bhI diye haiM tathA siddharAja kumArapAla kA itihAsa bhI likhA hai / bhaTTi aura bhaTTa bhaumaka kI taraha vaha apane sUtroM ke krama se calatA hai / yAkovI kA vicAra hai ki hama ne varuruci ke 'prAkRta prakAza' ke AdhAra

Page #193
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA para apanA prAkRta vyAkaraNa banAyA kintu DA0 pizela ne isa vicAra kA khaNDana kiyA hai| deza-dizA ke bheda se aneka prakAra kI apabhraMza bhASAoM ke hone ke kAraNa hemacandra ke apabhraza vyAkaraNa meM aneka prakAra kI bhazAoM kA AnA asvAbhAvika nahIM / dhutraM tutra pratsadi vAsu, Adi dUsarI boliyo ke zabda haiM / hemacandra ne inake viSaya meM apane anya sUtroM meM bhI bahuta kucha likhA hai / apabhraMzattaNa kA sambandha vaidikatvan se hai, ehi vaidika ebhiH se nikalA hai|" yadyapi hemacandra ne bhASA kI dRSTi se apabhraMza dohoM ko uddhRta kiyA kintu nisargasiddha sAhityikatA unake mahatva ko bar3hA detI hai| apabhraMza bhASA kA prema sampUrNa dohe ko uddhRta karane ke liye AcArya ko bAdhya karatA hai tathA usake sAhityika svarUpa ko vyakta karatA hai| isase AcArya kI saMgrAhikA pratibhA aura unake loka-bhASAnurAga kA patA calatA hai| apabhraMza vyAkaraNa meM uddhRta dohoM ko zRMgArika, vIrabhAvApanna, naitika, anyoktiparaka, vastuvarNanAtmaka aura dhArmika bhedoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM / rUpavarNana dekhiye: jivaM tivaM tikkhAM levi kara jai sasi chollijjantu / to jai gori he muha kamali sarisiga ka vilahantu / / 365-1 jaise-jaise tIkSNa kiraNoM ko lekara yadi candra ko chIlA jAtA taba vaha gorI ke mukha-kamala kI samatA kucha pAtA to paataa| yahAM takSi ko cholla Adeza ho gyaa| vIrarasa kA udAharaNa dekhiye: ei ti ghoDA eha thali ehati nisiA khagga / - etthu muNIsiga jANiai jo navi vAlai vagga / / 330-4 ye ve ghor3e haiM, yaha vaha yuddhasthalI hai, ye ve tIkSNa talavAreM haiM, yahIM para usakI muNIsima puruSArtha kI parIkSA hogI, jo ghor3e kI bAga nahIM modd'egaa| yahAM para ete te ke liye hai ti, khaDgA: ke liye khagga hasvAnta rUpa prayukta hai / zRMgAra aura vIra kA mizrita rUpa dekhiye: saMgara- sa eM hiM ju baNNiai dekakhu amhArA kantu / aimata haM cattaM kusahaM gaya-kuMbhai dArantu // 345-1 saikar3oM yuddhoM meM jisakI prazaMsA kI jAtI hai, aise atyanta matta tathA ikuza kI kucha bhI parvAha nahIM karane vAle gajoM ke kumbhasthaloM ko vidArane vAle mere kAnta ko to dekho| viyoga zRGagAra kA udAharaNa dekhiye : je mahu diNNA diahaDA daie~ pavasanteNa / tANa gaNanti e aMguliu jajjariAu nehaNa // 8-4-333 1 -purAnI hindI-paM0 caMdradhara zarmA gulerI-pRSTha 129

Page #194
AcArya hemacandra priya ne pravAsArtha jAte hue jitane dina batAye the unheM ginate-ginate nakha merI aMguliyA~ nakha se jIrNa ho gayIM / 182 jai sasaNe hi to muaha aha jIvai minneha | rihiM vipayorehi gaiya gharNAkaM gajjahi khalameha // 8-4-367 yadi vaha mujhe pyAra karatI hai to mara gaI hogI, yadi jIvita hai to niHsneha hogI ! are khala megha ! donoM hI taraha se vaha sundarI maiMne kho dI hai - vyartha kyoM garajate ho ? mahanta ho ve dosaDA helli meM jhaMkha hi Ala / denta ho hauM para ubvaria jujjhanta ho karavAlu // 8-4-376 he sakhi, mere priyatama meM kevala do doSa haiM, jhUTha mata kaho / maiM baca rahatI hUM aura yuddha karate hue kevala talavAra ! bhallA huA ja mAriA bahiNi mahArA kantu / lajjejjaM tu vayaM siahu jaibhaggA ghara entu / / 8-4-351 bahina, acchA huA merA pati raNabhUmi meM mArA gayA / yadi parAjita ho vaha ghara lauTatA to maiM apanI sakhiyoM ke sAmane lajjita hotI / dAna dete hue kevala ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki hemacandra kA apabhraMza pratimita (Standard ) apabhraMza hai / zRGgArika dohoM kI paramparA ' gAhA sattasaI' se jor3I jAtI hai / jarmana vidvAn ricarDa pizela kahate haiM ki "hemacandra ke dohoM ko dekhakara kucha aisA lagatA hai ki ve kisI aise saGgraha ke liye gaye haiM jo satasaI ke Dhaga kA hai / zRGgArika dohoM meM adhikatara dohe kavi- nibaddha - vaktR prauDhokti ke rupa meM vidya mAna haiM kaI dohe rativRttipradhAna hote hue bhI vIrarasapUrNa dikhAI par3ate haiM / nAyikA sakhI yA dUtI se rativRtti jAgarita karane vAle bhAva vyakta karatI hai athavA pathika se vAkcAturya dvArA gopanavRtti kI abhivyakti karatI hai / zRGgAra rasa ke atirikta anya rasoM ke bhI aneka uddharaNa milate haiM / zrI madhusUdana modI ne "hemasamIkSA" nAmaka gujarAtI pustaka meM hemacandra ke dohoM kI vividhatA kI carcA kI aura bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se bhI unake mata meM aThAraha vIrarasapradhAna sATha upadezAtmaka, dasa jainadharma sambandhI, pAMca paurANika padya haiM / zeSa dohoM meM se Adhe to zRGgAra rasa ke lagate haiM aura do dohe muraMja ke lagate haiM / zrI modI sUtroM kI vRtti meM hemacandrAcArya ke lagabhaga 177 dohoM kI carcA kI apa hai / isase unakI sarvasaGagrAhaka dRSTi kA patA calatA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne bhASA, chanda, sAhityikatA tInoM dRSTiyoM se apabhraMza ko suvyavasthita tathA samRddha kiyA hai|

Page #195
candra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 183 isI prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki apabhraMza vyAkaraNa meM Aye huve uddharaNoM meM zRGagAra, vIra Adi tathA anya rasoM kA saMyoga haiM / kahIM nIti-sambandhI uktiyAM haiM, kahIM dhArmika sUktiyA~ yA anyoktiyA~ hai / ina uddharaNoM meM aneka prakAra ke chanda, rAsaka, raDDA, dohA, gAhA Adi dohA pramukha haiM / upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, atizayokti, vibhAvanA, hetu, arthAntaranyAsa Adi aneka alaGkAra bhI haiM jo kAvyAtmakatA ko aura bhI bar3hA dete haiM / jainAcArya hemacandra ne bahuta hI sUjha-bUjha se inakA saGgraha kiyA hai / bhASA hI nahIM sAhityika pravRttiyoM ko samajhane ke liye bhI inakA adhyayana Avazyaka hai / hemacandra ke apabhraMza vyAkaraNa meM uddhRta aneka padya unake pUrvavartI joindra, rAmasiMha, bhojarAja, caNDa, bhaTTa nArAyaNa, vAkpatirAja, tathA ajJAta lekhaka kI racanAoM meM kramazaH paramAppapayAs, pAhuDadohA, sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa, prAkRta lakSaNa, veNIsaMhAra, gauDavaho aura zuka saptati se liye gaye haiM / nyUnAdhika parivartana ke sAtha sambhava hai, hemacandra dvArA uddhRta padyoM meM hemacandra ke apane bhI dohe yA padya hoM / kucha apabhraMza padya chando'nuzAsana meM bhI milate haiM / yahA~ ina sundara sAhityika dohoM meM sarasatA ke sAtha-sAtha laukikajIvana aura grAmyajIvana ke bhI darzana hameM hote haiM / 1 bhASA - vijJAna kI dRSTi se hemacandra ke sAhitya kA mUlyAGkana : bhArata meM Arya bhASAoM kA vikAsa mukhyatayA tIna staroM meM vibhAjita pAyA jAtA hai / pahale stara kI bhASA kA svarUpa vedoM, brAhmaNoM, upaniSadoM, dvitIya kA sUtra-granthoM aura tRtIya kA rAmAyaNa, mahAbhAratAdi purANo tathA kAvyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / IsApUrva chaThI zatI meM mahAvIra aura buddha dvArA una bhASAoM ko apanAyA gayA jo usa samaya pUrva bhArata kI loka bhASAe~ thIM aura jinakA svarUpa hameM pAli tripiTaka evaM ardhamAgadhI jainAgama meM dikhAyI detA hai / tatpazcAt jo zaurasenI evaM mahArASTrI racanAe~ milatI haiM, unakI bhASA ko madhyayuga dvitIya stara kI mAnA gayA hai, jisakA vikAsa IsA kI dUsarI zatI se pA~cavI zatI taka huA / madhyayuga ke tIsare stara ko apabhraMza kA nAma diyA gayA hai / hemacandra ke apabhra Mza meM aneka prakAra kI bhASAoM kA samAveza hai / dhru ( 8-4-360), tu dhra ( 372), prassadi ( 393), broppiNu, bro'ppi (361), gRhantigRheppaNu (341, 364, 438) aura vAsu, (366), jo kabhI 'ra' aura kabhI 'R' se likhe jAte haiM - ye dUsarI boliyoM ke zabda haiM, hemacandra ne inake

Page #196
AcArya hemacandra 184 viSaya meM bahuta kucha likhA hai| apabhraza meM aneka udAharaNa aise milate haiM jinase siddha hotA hai ki yaha bhASA sindha se baGgAla taka bolI jAtI thI / sAhityika apabhraMza nizcaya hI prAkRtamUlaka apabhraMza hai, jo ukAra bahula hai / jaise : saMskRta - rAmaH vanaM gataH / prAkRta - rAmo vaNaM go| apabhraza - rAmu vaNu gayau / hemacandra ke apabhraMza vyAkaraNa evaM sAhitya kA avalokana karane se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki apabhraMza meM tIna-cAra kAraka hI raha gaye the| ayogAtmakatA kI ora usakI pravRtti spaSTa dikhAyI detI hai| isameM taja, kera Adi parasargoM kA upayoga hone lagA thaa| kriyAoM ke sthAna para kriyAoM se siddha vizeSaNoM kA upayoga hone lagA thA / vyAkaraNa kI ina vizeSatAoM ke atirikta kAvyaracanA kI bilakula nayI praNAliyA~ aura naye chandoM kA prayoga apabhraMza meM pAyA jAtA hai| dohe aura pahuDiyA chanda apabhraMza kAvya kI apanI vastu haiM, inhIM se hindI dohoM va caupAIyoM kA AviSkAra huA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke sAhitya meM 'apabhraMza kA vyAkaraNa' eka apUrva dena hai / unhoMne udAharaNoM ke liye apabhraMza ke prAcIna dohoM ko rakhA hai isase prAcIna sAhitya kI prakRti aura vizeSatAoM kA jJAna hotA hai, sAtha hI bhASA meM utpanna parivartana kA patA calatA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne hI sabase pahale apabhraza kA itanA vistRta anuzAsana upasthita kiyA hai / lakSyoM meM pUre dohe diye jAne se luptaprAya apabhraMza sAhitya surakSita raha sakA hai| bhASA kI navIna pravRttiyoM kA niyamana, prarUpaNa, vivecana inake vyAkaraNa meM vidyamAna hai / tatkAlIna vibhinna pradezoM meM pracalita upabhASA, vibhASAdi kA samyak vivecana kara unhoMne apabhraza ko amara banA diyA hai| usameM zabda-vijJAna, prakRtipratyayavijJAna, vAkya-vijJAna sabhI bhASA vaijJAnika tatva upalabdha haiN| prAcIna-arvAcIna dhvaniyoM kI samyak vivecanA bhI hai / Adhunika bhASAoM kI pramukha pravRttiyoM kA astitva usameM vidyamAna hai| hemacandra kI bhASA para prAkRta, apabhraza evaM anya dezI bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA pUrNataH prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| aneka zabda to Adhunika bhASAoM meM dikhalAyI par3ate haiM - jaise laDaDuka - laDaDU, lADU, athavA genduka-genda, herika- hera (gUr3ha puruSa), kucha zabda samIkaraNa, viSamIkaraNa ityAdi siddhAntoM se prabhAvita haiN|

Page #197
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 185 isa prakAra Adhunika bhASA-vijJAna ke liye bhI unako 'zabdAnuzAsana' paryApta sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai / pratyeka stara ke pAThaka ke liye 'zabdAnuzAsana' meM avakAza hai / unakA vyAkaraNa-grantha paripUrNa evaM samajhane meM sarala hai / kAtantravyAkaraNa kevala laukika saMskRta kA vyAkaraNa hai aura vaha bhI atisaMkSipta / cAndra-vyAkaraNa meM laukika bhAga ke sAtha vaidika svaraprakriyA bhI hai| pAlyakIrti kA vyAkaraNa kevala laukika saMskRta kA hai| isa dRSTi se AcArya hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza sabhI kA sarvAGgaparipUrNa hai| usameM svopajJa-vRtti-koSa evaM zAstrakAvya saMyukta hai| ataH AcArya hemacandra kA vyAkaraNazAstra meM apUrva yogadAna hai| ___ kathA-sAhitya kI pragati meM hemacandra kA yogadAna- saMskRta kathA-sAhitya meM AcArya hemacandra kA yogadAna sazakta hai| janasAmAnya meM pracalita kathAoM kA sAhityika aura dhArmika stara para sarvaprathama soddezya upayoga jaina-bauddhoM ne hI kiyA / inhoMne lokabhASA ke sAtha-sAtha lokakathAoM kA upayoga apanI bAta kI puSTi ke liye kiyaa| unhoMne kucha nayI kathAyeM gar3hIM, kucha purAnI kathAoM meM parivartana kiye / jo kAma brAhmaNa-granthoM ne kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA thA, vahI kAma jaina aura bauddhoM ne loka-kathAoM se liyA / saMskRta bhASA meM loka-kathAoM kA pahilA soddezya saGagraha hameM 'paJcatantra' ke nAma se upalabdha hotA hai / paJcatantra kI kahAniyA~ dhArmika, AdhyAtmika aura sAmAjika rUr3higata bhAra se sarvathA mukta, vizuddha vyAvahArika jIvana kI kahAniyA~ haiM, jinameM mAnava-prakRti ke udAtta aura kutsita donoM svarUpoM ke darzana hote haiM / vizva kI upalabdha kahAniyoM meM 'paJcatantra' prAcInatama hai, yaha nirvivAda hai / 'paMcatantra' kA anuvAda saMsAra kI sabhI pramukha bhASAoM meM ho cukA hai / vAstava meM 'paJcatantra' vartamAna vizva ke kathAsAhitya kI pahalI kRti hai / 'hitopadeza', jisakI prathama prati 1073 I0 kI milI hai, paJcatantra ke AdhAra para taiyAra kiyA gayA grantha hai / "vetAlapaJcaviMzati' kahAniyoM kA eka sundara saGagraha hai| isI prakAra kI lokakathAoM kA eka saGagraha "siMhAsana - dvAtriMzikA" hai jo vikrama carita ke nAma se prasiddha hai / 'zuka saptati' meM 70 kathAe~ saGgrahIta haiM jo zuka dvArA kahI gayI haiN| AcArya hemacandra kisI rUpa meM 'zuka saptati' se paricita the, aisA DaoN. e0 bI0 kItha kA nizcita mata hai / ve likhate haiM "hemacandra dvArA diyA huA eka gadyAtmaka uddharaNa 'bRhatkathA' se liyA huA mAnA jA sakatA hai athavA ho sakatA hai ki vaha kisI pIche ke saMskaraNa se yA dUsare srota se liyA gayA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki hemacandra dvArA diye gaye paizAcI zabdoM ke ullekha aura uddharaNa

Page #198
186 AcArya hemacandra isa kAzmIrI grantha se lie gaye hoM, kintu yaha nizcita hai ki jaina granthakAra hemacandra kisI na kisI rUpa meM 'zuka saptati' se paricita the" / vizvasAhitya meM bhArata ke AkhyAna - sAhitya kA atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / maulikatA, racanA - naipuNya, tathA vizva vyApaka prabhAva kI dRSTi se vaha anupama aura advitIya siddha ho cukA hai / bhAratIya loka-sAhitya ke parijJAna ke liye saMskRta AkhyAnoM kA anuzIlana paramAvazyaka hai / upadezAtmaka pravRtti kA manoraMjanakArI paripAka nIti-kathAoM meM huA hai / inameM rocaka kahAniyoM dvArA caritra-nirmANa kA upadeza hotA hai / nIti kathAe~ saMskRta bhASA kI sarala evaM rocaka zailI kA bhI Adarza upasthita karatIM haiM / ina kathAoM ke pratipAdya viSaya sadAcAra, dharmAcAra tathA vyAvahArika jJAna hote haiM / prAkRta - jaina-kathA-sAhitya jaina vidvAnoM kI eka viziSTa dena hai| unhoMne dhArmika aura laukika AkhyAnoM kI racanA kara sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko samRddha kiyA / kathA, vArtA, AkhyAna, upamA, dRSTAnta, saMvAda, subhASita, praznottara, samasyApUrti aura prahelikA Adi dvArA ina racanAoM ko sarasa banAyA gayA / saMskRta sAhitya meM prAyaH rAjA, yoddhA, dhanImAnI vyaktiyoM ke hI jIvana kA citraNa kiyA jAtA thA, kintu isa sAhitya meM janasAmAnya ke citraNa ko vizeSa sthAna prApta huaa| jaina kathAkAroM kI racanAoM meM yadyapi sAmAnyatayA dharmopadeza kI hI pramukhatA hai phira bhI pAdalipta, haribhadra, udyotanasUri, nemicandra guNacandra, maladhAri hemacandra, lakSmaNagaNI, devendrasUri, Adi kathA lekhakoM ne isa kamI ko bahuta kucha pUrA kiyaa| rIti pradhAna zrRMgArika sAhitya kI racanA kI kamI raha gayI thI / udhara 11-12 zatAbdI se lekara 14-15 zatAbdI taka gujarAta, rAjasthAna, mAlavA meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva uttarottara bar3hatA jA rahA thA / aneka abhinava kathA-kahAniyoM kI bhI racanA huI / aneka kathA - kozoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA / kathA-sAhitya meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvana kA vividha aura vistRta citraNa kiyA gayA / viziSTa yati, muni, satI, sAdhvI, seTha sAhUkAra, mantrI sArthavAha, Adi ke zikSAprada caritra likhe gaye / ina caritoM meM bIca-bIca meM dhArmika aura laukika sarasa kathAoM kA samAveza kiyA gyaa| upadezAtmaka kathAe~, jisakA sAkSAt uddezya manoraMjana ke sAtha upadeza hai, jaina sAhitya meM pracuratA ke sAtha pAyI jAtI haiM / jaina vidvAnoM kI ruci kahAniyoM meM bahuta thI, parantu sAtha hI unakA naitikatA kI ora vizeSa jhukAva thA / isIliye jaina lekhaka prAyeNa vikramAditya ke AkhyAnoM jaisI acchI kahA

Page #199
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 187 niyoM ko evaM mahAn sAhasika kAryoM meM bhAga lene vAle unake pAtroM ko jaina dharma ke vyAkhyAtAoM ke rUpa meM citrita karane ke prayatna meM bigAr3a dete the| AcArya hemacandra bhI sacce jaina the| ve apane dharma ke utsAhI pracAraka the| dharma meM AsthA ke kAraNa unhoMne vastuoM aura ghaTanAoM ko vikRta rUpa meM dekhA hai / isa prakAra kI racanAoM meM hemacandra ke 'pariziSThaparvan' ko prathama sthAna denA cAhiye- jo unhIMke paurANika kAvya 'triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita' kA eka pariziSTa hai| jaina paramparA meM purAkathAeM zailI aura kahAvatoM meM dhArmika sAhitya kI kRti ke nikaTa pahu~cane kI pravRti pradarzita karatI haiM / AcArya hemacandra bhI isake apavAda nahIM the| unakA 'pariziSThaparvan' kathA-sAhitya meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| ina kathAoM kA uddezya manoraMjana kI apekSA upadeza denA hai / isa grantha kI adhikAMza kahAniyA~ naitikatA kA pracAra karane vAlI haiN| jina kathAoM ko AcArya jI kahate haiM, ve paurANika upAkhyAnoM ke DhaMga kI na hokara vizeSa rUpa se sAdhAraNa lokakathAoMsI haiN| ataH eka prakAra se paJcatantrAdi kathAoM ke hI lakSya ko unhoMne apanI kahAniyoM meM Age bar3hAyA hai tathA unakA apane sampradAya ke pracAra meM samucita upayoga kara liyA hai| yaha pravRti prabhAcandra ke prabhA. vak carita meM bhI dikhAyI detI hai jisameM hemacandra ke 'pariziSThaparvan' ko hI bhAge bar3hAyA hai| prAcIna noti-kathAoM evaM loka-kathAoM meM tathA 'pariziSThaparvana' kI kathAoM meM maulika antara hai / AcArya hemacandra kA pradhAna lakSya jaina dharma pracAra hai / isaliye 'paJcatantra' yA 'hitopadeza' ke anusAra kevala pazupakSiyoM kI kahAniyA~ 'pariziSThaparvan' meM nahIM jinakA ekamAtra uddezya sadAcAra, rAjanIti, vyavahAra evaM kuzalatA kA upadeza thaa| 'bRhata kathA' athavA 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke samAna ina kahAniyoM kA uddezya kevala manoraMjana nahIM hai / unakA pradhAna lakSya dharmapracAra hone ke kAraNa unameM aitihAsika tathyoM ko bhI taror3a-maror3a kara sampradAyAnukula banAyA gayA hai| hitopadeza' aura 'paJcatantra' sampradAya-nirapekSa haiM, kintu hemacandra kI kathAoM kA uddezya jaina-dharma-pracAra hai| yathA-pariziSThaparvan' kA navama sarga, ekabAra sthUlabhadra apane purAne mitra dhanadeva ke yahAM gaye, dhanadeva kI dhanahAni bahuta ho gayI thI isaliye vaha kahIM bAhara gayA huA thaa| dhanadeva kI patnI se dhana ghara meM hI chupe rahane kI bAta sthUlabhadra ne btlaayii| dhanadeva ke vApisa Ane para usane yaha bAta satya pAyo / phira dhanadeva pATalIputra gayA aura jaina-dharma meM dIkSita ho gayA / sthUlabhadra ke do ziSya the-mahAgiri aura

Page #200
188 - AcArya hemacandra suhastin / sthUlabhadra ne unheM par3hAyA / phira ve jaina-dharma ke pracAra ke liye vicaraNa karane lge| AcArya hemacandra kA 'pariziSThaparvan' na kevala jaina kathA-saGgrahoM meM zreSTha hai apitu sampUrNa saMskRta kathAsAhitya meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai / usameM 'paJcatantra' ke anusAra nItidharma kA upadeza hai aura 'bRhatkathA', 'kathAsarit sAgara' ke anusAra manoraMjana bhI hai / ata: 'paJcatantra' aura 'bRhatkathA' kA samucita sAmaJjasya AcArya hemacandra kI kathAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta dharma-pracAra ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM bhI ye kathAeM sAdhAraNa janatA meM lokapriya huii| 'kathAsaritsAgara' aura 'pariziSThaparvana' kI katipaya kahAniyoM kA rUpAntara cIna kI kahAniyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| samanvaya bhAvanA kA vikAsa-nAnArUpAtmaka sRSTi meM sAmanjasyakA karane kA prayAsa bhAratIya saMskRti meM anAdikAla se hotA AyA hai| anekatA meM ekatA tathA ekatA meM anekatA kA sAkSAtkAra prAgaitihAsika kAla meM hI RSi-muniyoM ne kiyA thaa| ataH bhAratIya darzana kI dRSTi prArambha se hI vyApaka rahI hai| yadyapi bhAratIya darzana kI aneka zAkhAeM haiM tathA unameM matabheda bhI haiM phira bhI ye zAkhAeM eka-dUsare kI upekSA nahIM karatI haiN| sabhI zAkhAeM eka-dUsare ke vicAroM ko samajhane kA prayatna karatI haiM / ve vicAroM kI yukti pUrvaka samIkSA karatI haiM aura tabhI kisI siddhAnta para pahucatIM haiM / isI prakriyA se samanvaya bhAvanA' kA udgama huA hai / bhAratIya darzana kI isa vyApaka evaM udAra dRSTi se hI bhAratIya darzana meM samanvaya bhAvanA kA vikAsa huA hai tathA bhAratIyoM meM paramata-sahiSNutA, paradharma-sahiSNutA AyI hai| 'ekaM sat viprAH bahudhA vadanti' ityAdi upaniSad-vAkya athavA 'stainAya namaH stenAnAMpataye namaH' ityAdi rudrasUkta ke mantra samanvaya bhAvanA ke hI pratIka haiM / gautama buddha ke 'majjhima magga' (madhyama mArga) kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai| jIvana kA vyavahAra samucita DhaMga se calAne ke liye bhagavAna kRSNa ne gItA meM madhyama mArga kA hI upadeza diyA hai / aikAntika upavAsa se. zarIra sukhAne kA upadeza ve nahIM karate / khAnA hI dhyeya hai, aisA ve nahIM kahate / usI prakAra mana tathA zarIra ke vikAroM ko kucalakara samApta karane kI apekSA dharmAviruddha kAma ke pakSa meM ve upadeza dete haiN| (gItA 6-17, 7-11) vedapurANoM kI bAta to samanvayAtmaka hai hI; samaya-samaya para sAdhu santoM ne, cAhe ve kisI bhI sampradAya ke kyoM na hoM, sahiSNutA kA upadeza dekara sama

Page #201
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 189 sAhitya meM dekhane ko milatA hai / jaina dharma kI anekAnta dRSTi se ve itane samarasa nvaya bhAvanA kA vikAsa hI kiyA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne vaidika, Astika,bauddhAdi dArzanikoM ke vicAroM kA gambhIra adhyayana karane ke pazcAt hI apane tatvadarzana kI racanA kI hai| isIliye paraspara-virodhI vicAra-paddhatiyoM kA samanvaya karane vAle 'anekAntavAda' kA nirmANa ve kara sake / jaina dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki pratyeka vastu anantadharmAtmaka hotI hai| kisI vastu ke sambandha meM hama jo kucha vicAra karate haiM, usakI satyatA hamArI vizeSa dRSTi para nirbhara karatI hai| hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki kisI viSaya meM koI eka mata ekAnta satya nahIM hotA, dUsaroM ke mata bhI satya ho sakate haiN| isIliye jaina-darzana meM anyAnya matoM ke prati samAdara kA bhAva vidyamAna hai, AcArya hemacandra ne apane sAhitya meM isI samanvaya-bhAvanA kA vikAsa kiyA hai| 'yogazAstra' meM dhyAnayoga, Asana, Adi kA varNana unhoMne pAtaJjalayoga ke sadRza hI kiyA hai| yaha bhI unakI asaMkIrNatA kA paricAyaka hai| unake mokSa kA Ananda bhI vaidika mokSa ke samAna hI hai / AcArya hemacandra ne 'saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya' meM arhana tathA brahmA, viSNu, maheza kA eka rUpatva dikhAyA hai| usameM zivastuti bhI pracura mAtrA meM kI gayI hai tathA bIsaveM sarga meM to zivabhakti kA sundara varNana milatA hai / isake atirikta sampUrNa 'dvayAzraya kAvya meM zivamahimA kA vAtAvaraNa evaM vaidika saMskRti kA prabhAva hai| isa dRSTi se unakA sAhitya brAhmaNa saMskRti se prabhAvita hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai / yogazAstra meM rUpastha dhyAna kA varNana karate samaya aSTama prakAza meM brAhmaNa-mantroM ke U~ hrIM ityAdi bIjAkSara vaise ke vaise hI AcArya hemacandra ne svIkAra kiye haiN| padastha dhyAna meM bhI vaidikoM ke mantrazAstra kI paddhati ko svIkAra kiyA hai| antara itanA hI hai ki ve praNava ke sAtha "arhana" pada jor3a dete haiM / unake sAhitya meM purANoM ke dRSTAnta, svarga ke indrAdi devatAoM kA varNana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| pUjA-paddhati bhI paurANikoM ke anusAra pAyI jAtI hai / isaliye ve svayaM jainAcArya hote huve bhI saumezvara kI yAtrA meM kumArapAla ke sAtha gaye the tathA paJcopacAra vidhi se unhoMne bhagavAna ziva kA pUjana kiyaa| bhagavAn kI manautI kiye jAne kA bhI varNana unake sAhitya meM AtA hai / sAdhanA, AtmasAkSAtkAra, samAdhi kA Ananda ityAdi saba bAteM vaidika darzanAnusAra hI unake sAhitya meM pAyI jAtI haiM / puSpoJcaya, sammAjana, dakSiNA ityAdi bAtoM kA vaidika saMskRti ke anurUpa madhura citra unake 1 -dayAzraya-176 tathA 5 / 133

Page #202
19. AcArya hemacandra ho gaye the ki ve apane upadezoM meM sampradAyAtIta ho jAte the| AcArya hemacandra ke dhArmika granthoM meM jJAna aura bhakti meM pRthakatva mAnate hue bhI apRthakatva kA nirvAha huA hai| Age calakara hindI ke jaina bhakta kaviyoM ko yaha bAta birAsata meM hI milii| bhakti aura jJAna donoM se hI svAtmopalabdhi hotI hai / svAtmopalabdhi kA nAma hI mokSa hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra bhagavanniSThA aura AtmaniSThA donoM eka hI haiM / ataH bhakti aura jJAna kI ekarUpatA jisa prakAra jaina zAstroM meM vizeSataH AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM meM ghaTita hotI hai vaiso anyatra nhiiN| jaina bhakti kI yaha vizeSatA usakI apanI hai aura isakA zreya adhikA~za meM AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM ko hI hai| yaha anekAntAtmaka paramparA ke anurUpa hI hai| __ AcArya hemacandra ke granthoM meM caritra aura bhakti kA utkRSTa samanvaya pAyA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vahA~ caritra kI bhI bhakti kI gaI hai| unakA ArAdhya kevala darzana aura jJAna se nahIM apitu alaukika caritra se bhI alaGkRta thaa| caritra kI zikSA niHsandeha Adarza nAgarika nirmANa ke lie upAdeya hai| cAritra-bhakti kA sambandha eka ora bAhya saMsAra se hai, to dUsarI ora usakA sambandha AtmA se hai / isase vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa hone ke sAtha lokapriya vyavahAra bhI banatA hai / AtmA meM paramAtmA kA divyAloka phailatA hai / AcArya hemacandra kisI bhI aikAntika pakSa ko mAnane vAle nahIM the| Atyantika azanatyAga ke bhI ve virodhI the| "tela se dIpaka aura pAnI se vRkSa kI bhA~ti zarIradhAriyoM ke zarIra AhAra se hI Tikate haiN| Aja kA dina binA bhojana ke vyatIta kiyA usI prakAra aba bhI yadi maiM AhAra grahaNa na karUM aura abhigrahaniSTha banA rahU~, to una cAra hajAra muniyoM kI jo dazA huI thI arthAt bhUkha se pIr3ita hokara jisa prakAra ve vratabhagna hue usI prakAra bhaviSya ke muni bhI bhUkha se pIr3ita hokara vratabhagna hoMge, yaha vicAra karake RSabhadeva bhikSA ke liye cala par3e" / AtmA ke sambandha meM bhI AcArya hemacandra ke vicAra ekapakSIya nahIM hai| AtmA ko ekAnta aura nitya mAne to yaha artha hogA ki AtmA meM kiso prakAra kA avasthAntara athavA sthityantara nahIM hotA arthAt use sarvathA kUTastha nitya mAnanA par3egA; aura ise svIkAra karane para sukha:-duHkhAdi bhinna avasthAe~ AtmA meM ghaTita nahIM hoNgii| ekAnta anitya mAnane se bhI ve hI ApattiyAM khar3I hotI haiM / isIliye AcArya hemacandra AtmA ko nityAnitya mAnate haiN| ekAnta nitya1-triSaSThizalAkA parva 1-sarga 3-zloka 236 se 42 taka /

Page #203
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 161 vAda athavA anityavAda sadoSa hai kintu nityAnityavAda nirdoSa hai| gur3a kapha karane vAlA hai, soMTha pittajanaka kintu mizraNa meM ye doSa nahIM rahate / (vItarAga) hemacandra ke matAnusAra satva-raja-tama ina paraspara viruddha tIna guNoM se yukta prakRti ko svIkAra karake sAMkhya-darzana ne syAdvAd ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| ekahI vastu meM bhinna dharmoM,lakSaNoM evaM avasthAoM ke pariNAmoM kI sUcanA karatA haA yogadarzana syAdavAda kA hI citra upasthita karatA hai| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra pratyeka darzana meM samanvaya ko hI dekhate haiM / isa prakAra ke socane se anekAnta darzana se paraspara bhinna dRSTikoNa abhinnatA kI aura jAte haiM / paramata sahiSNutA bar3hatI hai / dRSTi vyApaka hotI hai / bhagavAna meM bhI ve samanvaya bhAva se hI dekhate haiM / isa prakAra anekAnta ke AdhAra para ve samanvaya kA pracAra karate hue 'vizvabandhutva' evaM 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bhAvanA janamAnasa meM pracArita karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| ___ samanvaya-bhAvanA ke vikAsa ne kalA ke kSetra meM bhI prabhUta yogadAna diyA hai / jaina loga sarasvatI ke bhakta the / unakA yaha bhaktibhAva kevala stuti-stotroM meM hI nahIM, varana manamohaka, mUrtiyoM meM bhI vyakta huA hai| dasavIM se terahavIM zatAbdI taka jitanI sarasvatI kI mUrtiyAM banIM unameM jaina-sarasvatI-pratimAoM kI bhavyatA kI tulanA kisI se nahIM kI jA sktii| dhAra kI bhojazAlA meM prApta sarasvatI kI mUrti, jo Ajakala 'briTiza myUjiyama, meM sthita hai, jaina zailI meM hI AcArya hemacandra samanvaya-bhAvanA kA kevala sAhitya meM hI pratipAdana karake santuSTa nahIM hue| unhoMne apane dainika AcaraNa meM samanvaya-bhAvanA kA hI vyavahAra kiyaa| isIliye jaina mandiroM ke liye kAzI se pujArI bulAe gaye the / unhoMne svayaM somanAtha kI pUjA kI thii| siddharAja jayasiMha ko AcArya hemacandra ne dRSTAntoM evaM surucipUrNa kahAniyoM ke dvArA samanvaya kA hI upadeza diyA thaa| ve apane AzrayadAtA, siddharAja jayasiMha ko jainadharma kA upadeza dekara unheM jaina dharma meM dIkSita hone ke liye prerita kara sakate the| kintu AcArya hemacandra aisA karate to ve sAmpradAyika kahalAte-kevala jaina sampradAya ke mahAna pracAraka ke rUpa meM hI prasiddha hote / kintu Aja to ve jaina dharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra karake bhI samanvaya-bhAvanA ke anurUpa pratyakSa AcaraNa karane ke kAraNa dharmanirapekSa sampradAyAtIta yugapravartaka yugapuruSa ho gaye / kumArapAla rAjA dainandina AcAra-vicAra meM eka zrAvaka ke anusAra rahate hue bhI anta taka ''paramamAhezvara"

Page #204
162 AcArya hemacandra arthAt parama zivabhakta bane rahe / AcArya hemacandra ke prabhAva se hindU mandiroM kA bhI nirmANa huA aura phalataH hindU dharma kA bhI vikAsa huaa| ataH samanvaya-bhAvanA jo kabhI ravIndranAtha ke zAnti niketana meM prakaTa hotI thI athavA mahAtmA gAMdhI ke sevAgrAma meM dikhAyI detI thI, usakA prArambha AcArya hemacandra ne hI apane AcaraNa se kiyA thA / AcArya hemacandra kI isa samanvaya-bhAvanA ke vikAsa ke kAraNa gujarAta meM dhArmika kalaha kabhI nahI hue / dharma ke nAma para kabhI bhI azAnti nahIM huI / samanvaya-bhAvanA ke kAraNa jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM abhUtapUrva vikAsa huaa| sambhavataH vizAla yAtrA, vyApaka paryaTana ke kAraNa bhI AcArya hemacandra kI dRSTi adhika vyApaka banI thii| vidyA, kalA, sAhitya, sabhyatA ke kSetra meM unhoMne samanvaya-bhAvanA kA hI prasAra kiyaa| unakI dRSTi meM saMsAra ke sabhI darzana apanI-apanI dRSTi se satya haiN| unake jIvana meM bhI durAgraha ke liye koI sthAna nahIM thaa| rAjadarabAra meM athavA chAtroM ko upadeza dene meM unhoMne kabhI bhI durAgraha se kAma nahIM liyA / upadeza karane ke pazcAt 'yathecchasi tathA kurU' isa gItokti kA unhoMne sadaiva anusaraNa kiyA / gujarAta, mAlavA, rAjasthAna Adi pradezoM meM jaina-dharma ke prasAra kA jo mahAna kArya kiyA gayA vaha kisI dhArmika kaTTaratA ke bala para nahIM, kintu nAnA dharmoM ke prati sadbhAva va sAmaJjasya-buddhi dvArA hI kiyA gayA thaa| yahI praNAlI jaina dharma kA prANa rahI hai, aura hemacandrAcArya ne apane upadezoM evaM kAryoM dvArA isI para adhika bala diyA thaa| hemacandra kA bhAratIya sAhitya meM mahatva evaM paravartI lekhakoM para prabhAva - AcArya hemacandra jaise pratibhAzAlI aura uttamottama guNoM ke dhAraka the vaisA hI unakA ziSyasamUha bhI thA / kahate haiM ki 100 ziSyoM kA parivAra unheM nitya dhere rahatA thA aura jo grantha gurU likhAte the unako vaha likha liyA karatA thaa| rAmacandrasUri, bAlacandrasUri, guNacandrasUri, mahendrasUri, vardhamAnagaNI, devacandra, udayacandra, evaM yazazcandra unake prakhyAta ziSya the| inhoMne AcArya hemacandra kI kRtiyoM para TokAeM tathA vRttiyA~ likhI haiM / sAtha hI inake svatantra grantha bhI upalabdha haiM / rAmacandrasUri ina sabhI ziSyoM meM agraNI the| unameM prakhara pratibhA evaM sAdhutva kA alaukika teja thaa| ye hI 'kumAra vihArazataka' ke racayitA haiN| inheM 'prabandhazatakartA' kahA jAtA hai| rAmacandra aura guNacandra sUri ne milakara 'nATya darpaNa' kI racanA kii| mahendrasUri ne 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi', 'anekArthamAlA', 'dezI nAmamAlA' aura 'nighaNTu' para TIkAe~ likhIM haiM / devacandra sUri ne 'candralekhA

Page #205
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 163 vijaya prakaraNa', aura bAlacandra gaNI ne 'snAtasthA' nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kii| udayacandra kA nAma vyAkaraNa kI bRhadvRtti kI TIkA kI prazasti meM AyA hai| 'kumAra vihAra-prazasti' meM vardhamAna gaNI kA nAma bhI milatA hai| 'supArzvanAtha carita' ke kartA lakSmaNagaNI zrI candrasUri ke gurubhAI aura hemacandrasUri ke ziSya the| unhoMne vi0 saM0 1196 meM rAjA kumArapAla ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke varSa meM isa grantha kI racanA kii| lekhaka ne Arambha meM haribhadrasUri Adi AcAryo kA bar3e AdarapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai| 'mahAvIra carita' ke adhyayana se lekhaka guNacandra gaNI (vi0saM0 1139) ke mantra-tantra vidyAsAdhana tathA vAmamAgiyoM aura kApAlikoM ke kriyAkANDa Adi ke vizAla jJAna kA patA lagatA hai / guNacandragaNI ke hI grantha 'pArzvanAtha carita' ( vi0 saM0 1168 ) meM bhI mantra-tantroM meM kuzala vAmamArga meM nipuNa bhAgurAyaNa nAma kA pAtra rahatA hai| ___DA0 vinTaranIja apane bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM amaracandra ke 'padmAnanda' mahAkAvya kA ullekha karate haiM jisameM AcArya hemacandra kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / AcArya hemacandra ke stotroM se prabhAvita hokara 14 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM zrI jinaprabhasUri ne "caturviMzatijinastotram" aura "caturviMzatijinastutayaH" kI racanA kii| hemacandrAcArya ke "nemistavana" se prabhAvita hokara unake ziSya zrI rAmacandrasUri ne 17 sAdhAraNa jinastavan 'zrI muni suvrata devastavaH' aura 'zrI nemijinastavaH' kI racanA kI thii| paNDita AzAdhara kA sahastranAmastavana sukhasAgarIya aura svopajJavRttiyoM ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai / 'vividhatIrtha kalpa' ke kartA zrI jinaprabhasUri ke 'ujjayantastava', 'DhIpurIstava', 'hastinApuratIrthastavana' aura 'paJca kalyANaka stavana' vividha tIrtha kalpa meM nibaddha haiM / haribhadra jinacandrasUri ke ziSya zrIcandra ke ziSya the| kavi ne grantha racanA aNahilapATana-patana meM vi0 saM0 1216 meM kI thii| haribhadra ne siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke AmAtya pRthvIpAla ke Azraya meM rahakara apane grantha kI racanA kI thii| sAhitya ke pratyeka kSetra meM paravartI saMskRta lekhakoM para AcArya hemacandra kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| prabhAcandrasUri kA "prabhAvakacarita" niHsandeha AcArya hemacandra ke 'pariziSThaparvan' se prabhAvita hai| 'kumArapAla pratibodha' ke raciyatA somaprabhAcArya evaM (moharAjaparAjaya' nATaka ke lekhaka yazapAla to AcArya hemacandra ke laghuvayaska samakAlIna hI the| inake atirikta jayasiMhasUri (vi0 saM0 1422) jinamaNDana upAdhyAya (vi0 saM0 1462) caritra sundara

Page #206
194 - AcArya hemacandra gaNI, rAjazekharasUri ( vi0 saM0 1405) ityAdi lekhaka AcArya hemacandra se pUrNatayA prabhAvita the / AcArya jI kA 'kAvyAnuzAsana' dekhakara tatkAlIna mantrI vAgabhaTa ne bhI 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI racanA kii| DaoN. kItha ke anusAra isameM hemacandra kA asaphala anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / kAvya ke kSetra meM bhI AcArya hemacandra kI paramparA Age eka zatI taka pallavita hotI rhii| kathApurANa ke kSetra meM unakA anukaraNa paryApta mAtrA meM huA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke grantha nizcaya hI saMskRta sAhitya ke alaMkAra haiN| ve lakSaNA, sAhitya, tarka, byAkaraNa evaM darzana ke paramAcArya haiN| AcArya hemacandra kI sAhitya-sAdhanA bahuta vizAla evaM vyApaka hai| vidvattA to jaise unakI janmajAta sampatti hai / vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaGakAra, koza evaM kAvyaviSayaka inakI racanAe~ anupama haiN| inake grantha rocaka, marmasparzI evaM sajIva haiN| pazcima ke vidvAn inake sAhitya para itane mugdha haiM ki unhoMne inheM 'Ocean of Knowledge'- jJAna kA mahAsAgara kahA hai| inakI pratyeka racanA meM nayA dRSTikoNa, aura nayI zailI vartamAna hai| jIvana ko saMskRta, sambandhita aura saMcAlita karane vAle jitane pahalU hote haiM una sabhI ko unhoMne apanI lekhanI kA viSaya banAyA hai| zrI somaprabhasUri ne inakI sarvAMgINa pratibhA kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai : klaptaM vyAkaraNaM navaM viracitaM chando navo dvyaashryaa| laMkAro prathito navau prakaTitaM zrI yogazAstram navam // tarkaH saMjani to navo, jina varAdInAM caritraM navam / baddhaM yena na kena kena vidhinA mohaH kRto dUrataH // AcArya hemacandra kI vidvattA janmajAta sampatti thI, to hRdaya bhakta kA milA thA, 'arhanta stotra', 'mahAvIra stotra', 'mahAdeva stotra' isake jvalanta pramANa haiN| unameM rasa hai, Ananda hai, aura hai hRdaya ko ArAdhya meM tallIna karane kI sahaja pravRtti / jaina sAhitya meM, vizeSakara usake dhArmika kSetra meM, AcArya hemacandra kA nAma agraNI hai| gujarAta meM to jaina-sampradAya ke vistAra kA sabase adhika zreya inheM hI hai| AcArya hemacandra kevala zAstroM ke nirmAtA hI nahIM the kintu sundara kAvya ke racayitA bhI the| ve paNDita kavi the, zAstra kavi the tathA purANetihAsajJa bhI the| unake kAvya meM pANDitya, zAstra ( vyAkaraNa ) tathA itihAsa kI triveNI kA saMgama huA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne eka hI kAvya meM azvaghoSa, harSa tathA bhaTTi kA madhura saGagama kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se saMskRta sAhitya meM bAcArya

Page #207
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 165 hemacandra kA mahatva sadaiva akSuNNa rhegaa| saMskRta sAhitya para bhI unakA prabhAva amiTa hai / AcArya hemacandra ke kAraNa saMskRta sAhitya paripuSTa, praphullita evaM vikasita huA hai aura usakI garimA bar3hI hai| prAkRta tathA apabhraMza sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI unakI kRtiyA~ bahumUlya haiN| hemacandra kI sAhitya sevA kA mUlyAGakana: apAre kAvya saMsAre kavireka: prajApatiH / yathA smai rocate vizvaM tathA viparivartate // isa apAra kAvya-saMsAra meM kavi hI ekamAtra prajApati hotA hai / sAhitya kI vipulatA evaM vistAra kI dRSTi se AcArya hemacandra 'sAhitya samnATa' kI upAdhi ke yogya haiN| kiMbahunA yathArthatA kI dRSTi se yaha upAdhi bhI bahuta choTI hai / Ajataka vizAlakAya grantha-racanA kI dRSTi se mahAbhAratakAra maharSi vyAsa hI sarvazreSTha granthakAra mAne jAte rahe aura unakA sarvagrAhitva batAne ke liye 'vyAsocchiSTaM jagat sarvam' yaha kahAvata prasiddha huI, kintu AcArya hemacandra ke vizAlakAya vipula granthasamUha ko dekhakara 'hemocchiSTaM tu sAhityam' aisA bhI yadi kahA gayA to vaha atyukti na hogii| zrI hemacandrAcArya kA vAstavika mUlya unakI vividhatA aura sarvadezIyatA meM hai| unhoMne vyAkaraNa-kAvya, nyAya, koza, carita, yoga, sAhitya, chandakisI bhI viSaya kI upekSA nahIM kI aura pratyeka viSaya kI ativiziSTa sevA kI hai / loga inake koza dekheM athavA vyAkaraNa par3heM, yoga dekheM athavA alaGakAra dekheM, unakI pratibhA sArvatrika hai| unakA abhyAsa paripUrNa hai| unako viSaya kI chAnabIna sarvAvayavI hai| aise mahAn puruSa ko samucita nyAya dene ke liye to aneka maNDala AjIvana abhyAsa kareM to hI kucha pariNAma A sakatA hai / Agama prabhAkara muni zrI puNyavijayajI dvArA prastuta hemacandrAcArya-kRtiyoM kA saMkhyA-nirmANa nimnAnusAra hai:siddhahemalaghuvRtti 6,000 zloka siddhahemabRhadvRtti 18,000 zloka siddhahemabRhannyAsa 84,000 zloka siddhahemaprAkRtivRtti / 2,200 zloka liGgAnuzAsana 3,684 , ugAdigaNa vivaraNa 3,250 , dhAtu pArAyaNa vivaraNa 5,600 //

Page #208
196 AcArya hemacandra 10,000 zloka 204 // 1,828 3,500 6,800 abhidhAna cintAmaNi , pariziSTa anekArthakoza nighaMTukoza dezI nAma mAlA kAvyAnuzAsana chandonuzAsana saMskRta dvayAzraya prAkRta dvayAzraya pramANa mImAMsA (apUrNa) vedAMkuza triSaSThizalAkApuruSacaritra pariziSTa parva yogazAstra svopajJavRtti sahita vItarAga stotra anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA (kAvya) ayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA (kAvya) mahAdevastotra 2,828 1,500 2,500 1,000 32,000 3,500 12,750. , . 188 " ka0 mA0 munzI ne kahA hai-"isa bAla sAdhu ne siddharAja jayasiMha ke yuga ke AndolanoM ko hAtha meM liyA, kumArapAla ke mitra aura preraka kI padavI prApta karake gujarAta ke sAhitya kA navayuga sthApita kiyaa| inhoMne jo sAhitya praNAlikAeM sthApita kI, aitihAsika dRSTi kA poSaNa kiyA, ekatA kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa kara jisa gujarAtI asmitA kI nIMva rakhI usake Upara agAdha AzA ke adhikArI eka aura aviyojya gujarAta kA mandira nirmANa kara sakate haiN|" AcArya hemacandra kA vipula grantha-bhaNDAra eka vizAla jJAnakoza hai| vibhinna ruciyoM ke pAThakoM ke liye vibhinna starAnukUla sAmagrI unake granthoM meM milatI hai / AcArya hemacandra kA sAhitya eka sundara upavana ke samAna hai jisameM taraha-taraha ke praphullita, muvikasita vRkSa haiM / ata: usameM vibhinna evaM vividha rasAsvAda haiN| sahRdaya rasika unake sAhitya meM rasamAdhurya ke sAtha-sAtha rasavaividhya kA bhI anubhava karate haiN|

Page #209
hemacandra kI bahumukhI pratibhA 197 AcArya hemacandra eka asAmAnya saGgrahakartA the| unake sAhitya meM tattad viSayoM ke sambandha meM tadavadhi taka jJAta prAya: sabhI anya granthoM ke uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| saGgrahakartRtva ke sambandha meM AcArya hemacandra sacamuca anupameya haiM / isa kSetra meM unakI barAbarI karane vAlA koI anya sAhityakAra nahIM upalabdha hotaa| unake pratyeka grantha meM anya lekhakoM ke uddharaNoM kA vizAla saGagraha hote hue bhI unakI maulikatA akSuNNa rahatI hai| vyAkaraNa meM to unhoMne apanA eka nayA sampradAya hI calAyA / kAvya meM bhI kAvya, zAstra, tathA itihAsa ina tInoM ko saMyukta kara apanI maulikatA evaM zreSThatA siddha kI hai| isa grantha meM ullikhita granthoM ke atirikta AcArya hemacandra ne 'saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya' (7-7 kahAniyoM kA eka hI kAvya) 'nAbhayanemi', 'dvisaMdhAna kAvya', 'dropadI nATaka', 'harizcandra campU', 'laghu arhannIti', ityAdri grantha likhe the, aisA kahA jAtA hai kintu ye grantha abhItaka anupalabdha haiM / 'saptasaMdhAna 'mahAkAvya' ke hone kI puSTi zrI bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya ne apane 'vizvasAhitya kI rUparekhA' meM bhI kI hai / 'laghu arhannIti' kA ullekha pro0 e0 bI0 kItha ne / apate saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM kiyA hai| zrI somezvara bhaTTa ne 'kIrti kaumudI' meM AcArya hemacandra ke viSaya meM nimnAMkita prazasti kI hai: sadA hRdi vahema zrI hemasUreH sarasvatIm / suvatyA zabdaratnAni tAmraparNI jitAyayA / kalikAla-sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra jaise jJAna ke agAdha sAgara kA pAra pAnA atyanta duSkara hai| yadi jijJAsuoM ke liye kArya karane ke liye yaha grantha thor3A bahuta bhI preraNA dene meM samartha hogA to maiM apane ko kRtArtha smjhNgaa| anta meM zraddhA ke puSpa, bhale hI ve suvAsika, praphullita na hoM, atyanta zraddhA se zraddheya AcArya jI ke caraNoM meM samarpita karatA huuN| yatvadAptaM guro vastu tadedatta samarpyate / tvaM ce prIto'si sAphalyaM sarvathA'sya bhaviSyati //

Page #210
AcArya hemacandra se sambandhita viziSTha sthAna giranAra (yAmA gamana) 6 somanAtha pATana (yAtrA gamana) banAsa sarasvatI dhaMdhUkA sadIkSAsthAna) (janma sthAna) valla bhAvalA pATaNa 5 zatrujaya pAlI tAmA yatA jamana mahI narmadA tAlI 168 AcArya hemacandra

Page #211
zrI hemaprazastiH sumastrisaMdhyaM prabhuhemasUrerananya tulyAmupadezazaktim atIndriyajJAna vivarjito'pi yaH kSoNibhartuvyathita prabodham satvAnukaMpA na mahIbhujAM syAdityeSa klRpto vitathaH pravAdaH jinendra dharma pratipadyayena zlAghyaH sa keSAM na kumArapAla : ? - somaprabhAcArya - kumArapAla pratibodha itthaM zrI jinazAsanAbhrataraNeH zrI hemacandra prabho rajJAnAndhatamaH pravAha haraNaM mAtrA dRzAM mAdRzAm // vidyApaMkajinI vikAsa viditaM rAjJo'tivRddhyai sphurat / vRtta N vizvavibodhanAya bhavatAd duHkarmabhedAya ca / / - prabhAvakcarita - hemasUriprabandha pUrva vIrajinezvare bhagavati prakhyAti dharma svayaM / prajJA vatyabhaye'pi mantriNi na yAM kartuM kSamaH kSoNikaH // aklezena kumArapAla nRpatistAM jIvarakSAM vyadhAtu / yasyAsAdya vacassudhAMsu paramaH zrI hemacandro guruH // 124 // zrI caulukaya ! sa dakSiNastava karaH pUrvaM samAsUtrita / prANiprANavidhAta pAtakasakhaH zuddho jinendrArcanAt // vAmapyeSa tathaiva pAtakasakhaH zuddhi kathaM prApnuyA / na spRzyeta kareNa dyatipateH zrI hemacandra prabho // 125 // - purAtana prabandha saGgraha -

Page #212
200 AcArya hemacandra eSu zrI jayasiMha deva nRpatistIrtheSu yAtrAM vyadhAt / siddhaH proddharadharmabhUdharaziraH koTIraratnAMkuraH / / rAjarSistu kumArapAlavipulApAlaH kRpAluH kalau kRtvA saMghamihopadezavacasA zrI hemasUra prabho / / -purAtana prabandha saGagraha kAzI nivAsI svakalatakalApadAsIkRtAzeSajanaH prkaashii| taddeva bodhaH kRtavAdirodhaH zuzrAva nAmanyakRtAvabodham // zrI hemacandreNa samaM vivAdaM kartuM samagAt samadena tatra / aho ! sahante nahi mAnavantastejaH pareSAmadhikaM samarSAH // 5 // -jinamaNDanakRta kumArapAla carita paMcamasarga-prathama varga

Page #213
sandarbha grantha sUcI saMskRta 1- abhinavabhAratI abhinavagupta gA0 o0 sI0 1936 2- amaraTIkA bhAnUjI dIkSita 3- amarakoza amarasiMha 4- anekArtha saGgrahakoza hemacandra - caukhaMbA 1926 5- aSTAdhyAyI pANini 6- abhidhAnacintAmaNi hemacandra caukhambA 7- alaGakAra sarvasva zAradA granthamAlA, kAzI 8- Apta parIkSA vidyAnaMda-vIrasevA mandira sarasAvA 1946 8- udayasundarI kathA soDhala, gA0o0sI0 1920 10- kAvya-mImAMsA rAjazekhara 11- kAvyAnuzAsana hemacandra - mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 1964 12- kAvyAlaGkAra vi0vi0 presa, kAzI, saM0 1985 13- kAvyAlaGkAra sUtrANi nirNayasAgara presa 1953 14- kAvyAlaGkArasAra saGgraha nArAyaNa dazaratha banahaTTI 1925 15- kumArapAla pratibodha somaprabhasUri muni jinavijaya gA0o0sI0 1920 16- kumArapAla prabandha jina maNDana upAdhyAya nirNayasAgara presa 1901 17- kumArapAla carita jayasiMhasUri jai0 A0 sa0 bhAvanagara saM0 1971 18- kumArapAla carita caritrasundaragaNi jAmanagara 1915 19- kumAravihArazataka rAmacandrasUri 20- trisssstthishlaakaapurusscrit| hemacandra jai0 gha0 pra0 sa0 bhAvanagara 1906 tathA jaoNnasana kRta aGagrejI anuvAda gA0 o0 sI. 21- dvAtriMzikA hemacandra 22- nyAyasUtra gautama 23- nalavilAsa gA0 o0 sI0 1926 24- nyAyAvatAra - siddhasaina - zve. jaina sabhA bambaI 1928

Page #214
202 AcArya hemacandra 25- prameyakamala mArtaNDa 26- pramANa mImAMsA 27- prabandha cintAmagi 28- prabandhakoza 26- purAtana prabandha saGgraha 30- prabhAvakacarita 31- moharAja parAjaya 32- munisuvrata svAmIcarita 33- mahAvIra carita 34- mudritakumudacandra 35- muktibodha 36- pataJjalikAlIna bhArata 37- pANinikAlIna bhArata 38- TIkA-sarvasva 36- siddhahema prazasti 40- dvayAzraya kAvya prabhAcandra -- nirNayasAgara presa bambaI 1941 hemacandra (siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha kalakattA) merUtUMgAcArya siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha 1640 rAjazekhara , , , 1635 sampA0 muni jinavijaya , saM0 1962 nirNayasAgara presa tathA vidyAbhavana 1940 yazapAla gA0o0 sI0 1920 candrasUri hemacandra jaina AtmA bhAvanagara saM0 1973 yazazcandra yazojaina na0 8 banArasa 1605 bopadeva DaoN0 prabhudayAlu agnihotrI DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla sarvAnaMda hemacandra abhayatilakaganI - e0vha0 kathAvaTe saMskRta prAkRta sI0 pUnA, 1921 jinaprabhasUri SaD gurUziSya hemacandra ya0zojai00 banArasa 1605 hemacandra bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI bhoja 41- vividha tIrthakalpa 42- vedArthadIpikA 43- siddha hemazabdAnuzAsana 44- liGgAnuzAsana 45- sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa 46- raghuvaMza kAlidAsa 47- yukatyanuzAsana 48- vItarAga stotra 46- yogasUtra 50- yogasUtra bhASya 51- pramANamImAMsA 52- chando'nuzAsana 53- nATyazAstra samantabhadra - vIra sevA mandira sarasAvA 1951 hemacandra pAtaJjali zaMkarAcArya (Arhata mata prabhAkara saMsthA bhavAnIpeTha pUnA) motIlAla lAdhAjI 166 pUnA * bharatamuni vidyAvilAsa presa banArasa 1926

Page #215
sandarbha grantha sUcI 203 prAkRta tathA apakSaza 1- kumArapAla carita hemacandra 2- jainA zilAlekha saGgraha bhAga 1 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina 3- dezI nAmamAlA hemacandra bhAMDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTI TyUTa, pUnA 4- siddhahemacandra prAkRta prakriyAvRtti yA DhuMDhikA, udaya saubhAgya gaNi 5- prAkRta vyAkaraNa sampAdaka pa0 la0 vaidya, pUnA 1628 6- prAkRta paiMgala sampAdaka zrI candramohana ghoSa-1602 7- prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya oriyanTala insTITayUTa, pUnA 1636 8% prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa anu0 hemacandra jozI- bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad paTanA 1618 6- prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana kI pI0 ela0 vaidya zolApura 1654 bhUmikA 10- dezI nAmamAlA gujarAtI sabhA bambaI saM0 2003 mAjI 1- espekTa oNpha saMskRta liTarecara-esa0 ke0De. 2- briTiza peremAunTa enDa jIniyansa inDIyA-grantha 1,2 ka0 mA0 munzI 3- eDIsana oNpha anekArtha saGgraha - tha Tacarai 4- gujarAta enDa iTsa liTarecara-ke0-ema0 munzI bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI 1933 5- hisTrI oNpha klAsIkala saMskRta liTarecara kRSNAmAcAriyara 6- hisTrI oNpha inDiyana liTarecara-vinTaraniTja grantha 1,2,3 7- hisTrI oNpha saMskRta poeTiksa pI0 vhI0 kAne 8- , , , , esa0 ke0 De0 6- hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara esa0 ena0 dAsa guptA tathA De. 10- hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana lAjika DaoN0 zatIzacandra 11- inTroDakzana TU dezI nAmamAlA pro0 benarjI 12- jainIjma ina gujarAta sI0 bI0 seTha bambaI 1653 13- lAipha oNpha hemacandra -- DaoN0 vyUhalara siMdhI jaina sirIja 1936 14- kAvyAnuzAsana rasikalAla pArIkha 15- prabandha cintAmaNi TaoNnI

Page #216
204 - AcArya hemacandra 16- rasamAlA DaoN0 phArsa 17- sisTImsa oNpha saMskRta grAmara DaoN. belavelakara 18- syAdvAda maMjarI DaoN0 dhruva 19- sthavirAvalicarita DaoN0 jekobI-kalakattA 1861, 1632 20- triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita grantha helana jAnsana gA0 o0 sI0 1631 hindo 1- apabhraMza sAhitya pro0 harivaMza kochar3a-bhAratIya sAhitya mandira dillI 1935 2- abhidhAna cintAmaNi haragovinda zAstrI, caukhambA 64 3- apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya DaoN0 devendrakumAra jaina-bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI 1965 4- apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana virendra zrIvAstava 5- AcArya hemacandra kA apabhraMza vyAkaraNa-paM0 zAligrAma upAdhyAya bhAra tIya vidyAprakAzana vArANasI 1965 6- AcArya hemacandra aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana-DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI,cokhambA63 7- AcArya vijayavallabhasUri kA smAraka grantha 8- AptamImAMsA-samantabhadra anaMtakIrti natha bha0 4 bambaI 8- kAvyaprakAza TIkA AcArya vizvezvara 10- kAvyamImAMsA-rAjazekhara paM0 kedAranAtha zarmA sArasvata paTanA 1954 11- kAvyAdarza-daNDI brajaratnadAsa-kAzI 12- jaina darzana nyAya vijaya, pATana gujarAta 1952 hindI 1956 13- jaina itihAsa bhAga 1 hIrAlAla haMsarAja 14- jaina bhaktikAvya kI pRSThabhUmi DaoN0 premasAgara jaina 15- tatvArthasUtra-umAsvAti paM0 sukhalAla bhArata jaina mahAmaMDala vardhA 1952 16- darzana saGgraha DaoN0 dIvAnacandra 17- dharma aura darzana baladeva upAdhyAya- zAradA mandira, banArasa 1948 18- prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa DaoN0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI

Page #217
205 sandarbha grantha sUcI 205 16- purAtatva caturtha pustaka vi0 vi0 mirAzI 20- prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya kI DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya sA~skRtika bhUmikA 21- paJca tantra sampA. DA. prabhudayAlu agnihotrI 22- prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya DA0 nemicandra zAstrI tArA pablikezana kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa vArANasI 1966 23- prAkRta prakAza mathurA prasAda dIkSita-caukhambA 1946 24- prAkRta bhASAoM kA rUpa-darzana AcArya narendranAtha - rAmA prakAzana lakhanA 1963 25- purAnI hindI candradhara zarmA gulerI, nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA kAzI saM0 2005 26- prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa anu0 DaoN0 hemacandra jozI 27- prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jagadIzacandra jaina caukhambA vArANasI 1961 28- bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAra. bhAratasiMha upAdhyAya toya darzana bhAga 1, 2, 26- bhAratIya darzana datta tathA caTarjI 30- bhAratIya vAstuzAstra DI0 ena0 zukla 31- bhAratIya darzana baladeva upAdhyAya- zAradA mandira banArasa, 1648 32- bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ma0pra0 zAsana 1962 kA yogadAna 33- liGgAnuzAsana, zeSanAmamAlA, hIrAcanda kastUracanda javerI gopIpurA sUrata nighaMTuzeSa 34- vizvasAhitya kI rUparekhA bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya 35 - vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa yudhiSThira mImAMsaka bhAga 1,2 36- zakti aGka kalyANa gorakhapura 37- saMskRta sAhitya kI rUparekhA nAnUrAma nyAsa evaM candrazekhara pANDe 38- saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa e0 vI0 kItha anu0 maMgaladeva zAstrI 36- saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa baladeva upAdhyAya

Page #218
206 AcArya hemacandra 40- saMskRta sAhitya kA Aloca- rAmajI upAdhyAya nAtmaka itihAsa 41- saM0 sA0 kA navIna itihAsa kRSNacaitanya anu0 vinayakumAra rAya 42- saM0 sAhitya kA itihAsa vAcaspati gairaulA 43- saM0 sAhitya kA itihAsa varadAcArI 44- saM0 sAhitya kA itihAsa esa0 ena0 dAsa gupta, esa0 ke0 De0 45- saM0 kAvya zAstra kA itihAsa pI0 vhI. kANe anu0 DaoN0 indracandra 46- sAhityadarpaNa-vizvanAtha anu0 zAligrAma zAstrI vi0saMvat 1991 47- hemacandrAcArya IzvaralAla jaina-Adarza granthamAlA, mulatAna 48- hindI sarvadarzana saGgraha pro0 umAzaMkara zarmA / 46- hemacandra mUla bUlhara hindI anu0maNilAla paTela caukhambA banArasa marAThI 1- handoracanA DaoN0 mAdhava jyUliyana 2- rasavimarza DaoN0 ke0 nA0 vATave 3- vaidika saMskRtIcA vikAsa tarkatIrtha lakSmaNazAstrI jozI 4- saMskRta kAvyAce paJcaprANa pro0 vATave- pUnA 5- bhASA vijJAna pro0 guNe gajarAto 1- jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa mo0 da. desAI 1933 2- jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta iti0 mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI 3- yogazAstra jai050 pra0sa0 bhAvanagara 1926 4- jaina zvetAmbarIya jainagrantha gAiDa-jaina AtmAnanda sabhA-bhAvanagara 5- AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka grantha 6- triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita jainadharma prasAraka sabhA-bhAvanagara 7- zaktisampradAya phArsa gujarAtI sabhA 8- hemasamIkSA zrI madhusUdana modI baMgAlI 1- vyAkaraNa darzanera itihAsa * gurUpada hAladAra

Page #219
sandarbha grantha sUcI 207 // patra-patrikAe~ 1- sAhitya saMzodhaka traimAsika khaNDa 1 aGka 3- pUnA 2- nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA bhAga 6 3- jarnala oNpha dI raoNyala aziyATika sosAyaTI baoNmbe 1635 4- iNDiyana enTIkverI akTUbara 1914 vhAlyUma 37 5- purAtatva-pustaka caturtha-gujarAtI 6- buddhiprakAza mArca 1935 gujarAtI 7- anekAnta mAsika aprela 1967, agasta 1964 vIra sevA mandira 21 dariyAgaMja, dehalI 6

Page #220

Page #221

Page #222
_