Jainagama Digdarshan

Author(s): Nagrajmuni, Mahendramuni
Publisher: Rajasthan Prakrit Bharti Sansthan Jaipur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002628/1

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jainAgama digdarzana DaoN0 muni nagarAja daa rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapUra

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prAkRta bhAratI puSpa 6. jainAgama digdarzana lekhaka : DaoN. muni nagarAja DI. liT. sampAdaka : upAdhyAya muni mahendrakumAra 'prathama' prakAzaka : rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura

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prakAzaka devendrarAja mehatA saciva, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura prathamAvRtti 1,100 mUlya : bIsa rupaye (sajilda), solaha rupaye (pepara beka), san 1980, vi. saM. 2037, vIra ni. saM. 2506 prApti - sthAna : 1. rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna yati zyAmalAlajI kA upAsarA, motIsiMha bhomiyoM kA rAstA, jayapura - 302003 (rAjasthAna) 2. arhat prakAzana 366 - 368, todI kornara, 32, ijarA sTrITa kalakattA -700 001. mudraka : ajamerA priNTiga varksa ghI vAloM kA rAstA, jayapura - 302003 (rAja.)

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prakAzakIya rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna ke chaThe pUSpa ke rUpa meM "jainAgama digdarzana" pustaka pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue hArdika prasannatA hai| ___jaina darzana aura sAhitya ke viziSTa vidvAn DA. munirAja zrI nagarAja jI mahArAja se janasAdhAraNa ko Agama-sAhitya kI saMkSipta jJAna upalabdha karAne hetu jainAgama digdarzana" pustaka likhane ke lie prAkRta bhAratI kI tarapha se nivedana kiyA gayA thA jise unhoMne samayAbhAva ke uparAMta bhI saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| prastuta pustaka unhIM ke prayAsa kA phala hai jisake lie saMsthAna unake prati bahuta hI AbhArI hai| isa pustaka kA sampAdana zatAvadhAnI upAdhyAya zrI mahendra mani jI ne kiyA thA, parantu pustaka-prakAzana ke pUrva hI unakA svargavAsa ho gayA, ataH unake prati saMsthAna kI ora se hArdika zraddhAMjali arpita hai| ___ jaina darzana ke labdhapratiSTha vidvAn zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, bhUtapUrva nidezaka, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda ne saMsthAna ke nivedana para isa pustaka para prAstAvika likhanA svIkAra kiyA, isake lie saMsthAna unake prati bhI AbhArI hai| pustaka ke prakAzana meM mahopAdhyAya zrI vinayasAgara saMyukta saciva ne jo athaka prayAsa kiyA tathA zrI pArasa bhaMsAlI jinhoMne pustaka ke mukha pRSTha ke kalA pakSa ko saMvA ke prati bhI saMsthAna kRtajJa hai / devendrarAja mehatA dinAMka 15-5-80 saciva, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura .

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prAkkathana yaha eka vizruta-dhAraNA hai ki jaba muhammada gajanI ne somanAtha ke maMdira ko tor3A, vahAM kI agAdha saMrakSita sAmagrI naSTa-bhraSTa kI aura atula dhana rAzi lUTakara apane deza ko lauTA usa samaya jaina samAja bhI cauMkA va cintita huaaa| dUradarzI prAcAryoM va samasta saMgha ke samakSa prazna thA-Aye dina hone vAle ye hamale jaina saMskRti va jaina sAhitya para bhI kabhI dudina lA sakate haiN| isI sandarbha meM jaina saMgha kA nirNaya rahA, saMskRti kI rakSA kA ekamAtra upAya yahI hai ki jaina AgamoM kA va sambandhita sAhitya kA lipibaddha-rUpa aise kisI sthAna para surakSita kiyA jAye, jahA~ vidharmI hamaloM kI kama se kama sambhAvanA va zakyatA ho / hama na raheM. hamArI saMskRti na rahe, hamArI Agama-nidhi bacI rahI to samagra jaina saMskRti bacI raha sakegI, usakA punarjAgaraNa ho skegaa| pariNAmataH 'jaisalamera kA bhaNDAra' banA, jahAM kI nirjala marusthalI meM hamalAvaroM kA paha~canA sahaja zakya nahIM thaa| prastuta ghaTanA-prasaMga pAgamoM kI upayogitA va garimA para paryApta prakAza DAla detA hai| Agama grantha adhyAtma va darzana se prAplAvita to haiM hI, sAthasAtha ve cirantana yugoM kI sAmAjika, pArthika, rAjanaitika vastusthiti ke bodha se bhI bhare-pare haiN| gaveSaka vidvAnoM ke lie unakI vyApaka evaM nirupama upayogitA hai / ve bhAratIya itihAsa kI aneka durbhara riktatAoM ko bharane meM sakSama pramANita hue haiM tathA ho rahe haiN| digambara-paramparA Agama jJAna ke viSaya meM digambara paramparA kI dhAraNA bahuta kucha bhinna hai| digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu caturdaza pUrvadhara, kramazaH vizAkha, proSThila Adi 11 prAcArya 10 pUrvadhara, nakSatra, jayapAla Adi 5 prAcArya ekAdaza aMgavara, subhadra, yazobhadra Adi 4 prAcArya prAcArAMgadhara hue| tadanantara na to pUrva jJAna rahA,

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na ekAdaza aMga jJAna rahA / yaha samaya vIra- nirvANa 683 taka kA hotA hai | zruta pravasthiti ke viSaya meM yaha maulika matabheda hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya 'zrAgama' digambara paramparA ke AdhArabhUta zAstra nahIM bnte| usa paramparA meM jo prAdhArabhUta zAstra haiM, unakA vivaraNa saMkSepa meM yaha hai ki vIra- nirvANa 683 ke pazcAt pUrvajJAna va aMga-jJAna kI prAMzika rUpa se dhAraNA karane vAle kucha AcArya hue| unameM se puSpadanta aura bhUtabali prAcAryoM ne dvitIya pUrva pragrAyaNI ke prAMzika AdhAra para 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kI racanA kI / AcArya guNadhara na pAMcaveM pUrva jJAnapravAda ke prAMzika AdhAra para 'kaSAya 'pAhuDa' kI racanA kI / prAcArya bhUtabali ne 'mahAbaMdha ' kA praNayana kiyA / AcArya vIrasena ne Age calakara ina granthoM para dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkAeM likhIM / ukta grantha va TIkAeM digambara paramparA meM prAgamavat mAnya haiN| inake atirikta prAcArya kundakunda ke samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAyasAra va niyamasAra aura AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke gommaTasAra, labdhisAra va dravyasaMgraha Adi bhI Agamavat mAnya haiM / Agama jJAna ke astitva - prazna para donoM paramparAmroM meM bhale hI maulika matabheda rahA hai, para donoM paramparAmroM ke prAvArabhUta granthoM se jo phalita prasUta huA hai, vaha jaina darzana va jaina saMskRti ko dvirUpa yA virUpa karane vAlA nahIM / jaina darzana ke tAtvika va dArzanika rUpa ko prastuta karane vAlA tatvArtha sUtra grantha va usake racayitA umAsvAti ( digambara mAnyatA meM umAsvAmI ) donoM paramparAtroM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya haiN| donoM pakSoM ke lie yaha eka yojaka kar3I hai / anya bhI AdhArabhUta mAnyatAeM donoM paramparAoM kI samAna haiM / bheda-mUlaka to strI - mukti, kevalI - AhAra, acelakatA, bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pANigrahaNa, kAla dravya kA rUpa Adi kucha hI mAnyatAeM haiM / samagra darzana ko tolane para inakA vajana bahuta hI kama raha jAtA hai / niSkarSa rUpa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai, donoM zAstrIya dhArAoM kA itivRtta kucha bhI rahA ho, donoM ke pratipAdana sAmya ne kisI bhI dhArA ko nyUna nahIM hone diyA hai / (iii)

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prastuta pustaka meM kevala zvetAmbara zAstrIya dhArA kA hI vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / zrAgama apanI prAcInatA va maulikatA kI dRSTi se gaveSaka vidvAnoM kI nirupama thAtI hai / 'jainAgana digdarzana " pustaka unake lie kurUMjI kA kArya karegI, aisI AzA hai / pustaka ke prastutIkaraNa meM rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna ke saciva devendrarAja mehatA kA Avedana hI eka mAtra nimitta banA hai| unake katipaya sujhAva bhI isameM kriyAnvita kiye gaye haiM / sampAdana upAdhyAya muni mahendrakumArajI 'prathama' ne kiyA hai / unakI painI nigAha meM truTiyoM ke baca pAne kI zakyatA bahuta kama hI rahatI hai / kArya - vyastatA meM bhI unhoMne isakA sampAdana manoyoga-pUrvaka kiyA hai| 24 mArca, 1678 jaina upAzraya, bar3A maMdira, kalakattA ( iv ) muni nagarAja

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prAstAvika "jainAgama digdarzana" pustaka maiMne pddh'ii| jainAgama ke viSaya meM paricaya dene vAle kaI grantha haiM kintu saMkSepa meM AgamoM ke viSaya meM jAnanA ho to yaha grantha upayogI siddha hogaa| lekhaka DA. muni zrI nagarAjajI ne isameM zvetAmbara sampradAya mAnya 45 AgamoM kA paricaya unakI TIkAoM ke ullekha ke sAtha karA diyA hai| prAgama ke viSaya meM sAmAnya jijJAsA kI pUrti yaha grantha acchI taraha se kara degA, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / ataeva lekhaka ko dhanyavAda denA aura vAcakoM kI ora se AbhAra mAnanA merA kartavya ho jAtA hai / lekhaka ne jainAgamoM kI utpatti aura saMkalana kI carcA sarvaprathama kI hai aura tadanantara kauna zAstra samyak aura kauna mithyA isa ora jo anekAnta - dRSTi se vAcaka kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai, vaha dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai| nandIsUtra meM yaha vicAraNA huI hai kintu isa ora hamArA dhyAna vizeSa jAtA nahIM / ataeva isa viSaya kI carcA jo lekhaka ne prArambha meM kI hai usake liye pAThaka unakA RNI rhegaa| prAyaH prAgama kA paricaya dene vAle isa bAta ko samyak prakAra se kahate nhiiN| ataeva lekhaka ne isa ora pAThaka kA dhyAna dilAyA hai vaha unakI udAra dRSTi kA pariNAma hai| jainAgamoM kI racanA kisane aura kaba kI ? yaha eka samasyA hai| aura jaba taka eka-eka pAgama kA viziSTa adhyayana nahIM hogA taba taka yaha samasyA banI rhegii| videzI vidvAnoM ne isa samasyA kA samAdhAna DhUDhane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura usameM saphala bhI hue haiN| unake vicAra meM prAcArAMga (prathama zrutaskandha), sUtrakRtAMga (prathama zrutaskandha), uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika (zayyaMbhavakRta) ye cAra pAgama sabhI AgamoM meM prAcIna haiN| sacamuca dekhA jAya to jainoM ke ye cAra veda haiM / AgamoM ko veda kI saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai, vaha isalie ki pAryoM meM vedoM kA sarvAdhika mahatva thaa| ataeva jJAna-vijJAna kI

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sAmagrI kA sAdhana yadi vaidikoM ke lie veda haiM to jainoM ke lie Agama vedakoTa meM gine jAyeM to Azcarya nahIM honA caahie| ina cAroM nAgamoM ke bAda prAcInatA kI dRSTi se chedagranthoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / ve chaH haiM / inameM se dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha ina cAroM ke karttArUpa se caturdazapUrva vid bhadrabAhu prathama mAne gaye haiM / cheda ke bAda sthAna AtA hai AcArAMga (dvitIya zrutaskandha ) aura sUtrakRtAMga (dvitIya zrutaskandha) kA / aMgoM meM jo kathAgrantha haiM unakA sthAna inhIM ke bAda kA ho sakatA hai / kintu aMgoM meM praznavyAkaraNa apane maulika rUpa meM vidyamAna na hokara naye rUpa meM hI hamAre samakSa hai / bhagavatI grantha to eka hI mAnA jAtA hai kintu usameM kaI prAcIna naye stara dekhe jA sakate haiM / usameM prajJApanA Adi upAMgoM kA sAkSya diyA gayA hai jo batAtA hai ki upAMgacarcita viSayoM ko prAmANya arpita karane ke lie hI una viSayoM kI carcA bhagavatI meM kI gaI hai / sabhI aMgoM ke viSaya meM paramparA to yaha hai ki unakI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI thI / kintu Aja vidyamAna una aMgoM ko dekhakara yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki unakI racanA eka kAla meM hI huI hogI ? bhagavAn ne jo upadeza diyA use hI tatkAla gaNadharoM na ina aMgoM meM sUtrabaddha kara diyA hogA, yadi hama isa tathya kI ora dhyAna deM to Agama-gata bhUgola - khagola pratyakSa viruddha haiN| to, sarvajJa bhagavAn ne aisI bAta kyoM kahI ? - isa samasyA kA samAdhAna mila jAtA hai ki ye bAteM bhagavAn ke upadeza kI hai hI nhiiN| unakA upadeza to zrAtmA ke karmabandha aura mokSa ke kAraNoM ke viSaya meM hI thA / bhUgola- khagola kI carcA to tattatkAla meM AcAryoM ne bhArata meM jaisI jo vicAraNA pracalita thI unakA prAyaH vaise hI ullekha kara diyA hai| isa carcA kA sambandha bhagavAn ke maulika upadeza ke sAtha nahIM hai / yaha to eka dharma, ( vi )

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jaba sampradAya kA rUpa le letA hai taba saba viSayoM kI vyavasthA apanIapanI dRSTi se karanI anivArya ho jAtI hai, isI bAta kA saMketa hai| AgamoM meM upAMga Adi anya jo grantha haiM unheM to paramparA meM bhI sthavira-kRta hI mAnA jAtA hai| ataeva ye sabhI sarvajJa praNIta haiM yaha mAnanA jarUrI nahIM hai| aisA mAnane se hI prAgamoM meM jahAM bhI paraspara virodha dikhAI detA hai unakA bhI samAdhAna AsAna ho jAtA hai| ekakartRka meM visaMvAda prAyaH nahIM hotA, kintu aneka kartRka aneka-kAlika granthoM meM visamvAda sambhava ho to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / ataeva AgamoM kA abhyAsa karake yaha nirNaya karanA jarUrI hai ki kaunasI maulika bAta bhagavAn ne kahI hai aura kaunasI bAta bAda meM prAcAryoM ne joDI hai| prastuta grantha meM AgamoM kA paricaya-mAtra hai aura vaha sAmAnya jijJAsu ke lie ThIka hI hai| kintu DA0 mani zrI nagarAjajI se hamArI apekSA to yaha hai ki ve apanA sAmarthya isa ora lagAkara yaha batAveM ki pAgama meM kauna-kauna se grantha kA kyA-kyA kAla ho sakatA hai aura vicAroM tathA mantavyoM kA navInIkaraNa AgamoM meM kisa prakAra huA hai ? agalI pustaka aise viziSTa adhyayana ke sAtha ve hameM deM aisI vinaMtI karanA maiM apanA karttavya samajhatA huuN| jaba prAgamaparicaya denA unhoMne prArambha hI kiyA hai taba unake sAmarthya ko dekhakara hamArI aisI apekSA ho, yaha svAbhAvika hai| yaha kArya unake lie asambhava nahIM hai jabaki ve prAgama aura tripiTaka ke niSNAtaka rUpa meM hamAre Adara ke pAtra haiN| pustaka kI chapAI acchI hai kintu prAkRta uddharaNa kucha azuddha chape haiM unheM dUsare saMskaraNa meM zuddha karake chApA jAnA jarUrI hai / isa grantha meM kucha sthala cintya haiM, jaise-pu. 33 meM nandIsUtra ko devadhi kI racanA kahA hai, kintu pR. 151 meM use deva vAcaka kI racanA mAnI hai| pR0 49, sUtrakRtAMga kA anya nAma sUtrAkRta na hokara sUcAkRta hai| pR0 19, paM0 14 meM 'upayoga' zabda ke sthAna para vacogatavAGmaya honA caahie| prArambha meM aMgoM kA jo paricaya diyA hai vaha ati (vii )

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saMkSipta hai jabaki aMga bAhyoM ke paricaya meM adhika sAmagrI dI gaI hai, isase pustaka meM paricaya kI eka rUpatA nahIM rahI / lekhaka kA dhyAna ina bAtoM kI ora dilAne se grantha kA mUlya kama nahIM hotA kevala dUsare saMskaraNa meM isa para lekhaka vicAra kara sake isake lie hI yahA~ unakA dhyAna isa ora AkRSTa kiyA gayA hai / yathArtha bAta to yaha hai ki lekhaka ne isa pustaka ko likhakara sAmAnya jijJAsu ko prAgamoM ke viSaya meM acchA paricaya diyA hai aura usake lie lekhaka kA vAcakavarga prabhArI rahegA hI / rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna ne apane astitva ke thor3e se hI samaya meM vidyA- vitaraNa ke kSetra meM apanA sthAna ucita rUpa meM jamAyA hai aura use uttarottara saphalatA mile yaha zubhecchA hai / rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna kI pragati ho rahI hai usameM usake karmaTha utsAhI saciva zrI devendrarAja jI mehatA aura unake sahakArI mahopAdhyAya paM0 zrI vinayasAgara jI kA utsAha mukhya kAraNa hai, vidyArasika vidvadvarga unake prabhArI raheMge / ahamadAbAda dinAMka 24-4-80 ( vili ) dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA

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viSayAnukrama 1-42 prAgama vicAra dharmadezanA 1, atthAgama : suttAgama 3, gyAraha gaNadhara : nau gaNa 4, zruta saMkalana 5, zruta : kaNThAgra :aparivartya 6, zruta kA udbhava 11, puSpamAlA kI taraha sUtramAlA kA grathana 14, artha ko anabhilApyatA 16, mAtRkA pada 16, pUrvAtmaka jJAna aura dvAdazAMga 17, dvAdazAMgI se pUrva pUrva-racanA 18, vRSTivAda meM pUrvo kA samAveza 19, pUrva - racanA : kAla tAratamya 19 pUrva vAGamaya kI bhASA 20, pUrvagata : eka paricaya 22, cUlikAeM 24, culikAoM kI saMkhyA 25, vastu vAGmaya 25, pUrvaviccheda kAla 26. anuyoga kA artha 26, Arya rakSita dvArA vibhAjana 28, prAgamoM kI prathama vAcanA 29, bhadrabAhu dvArA pUrvo kI vAcanA 31, prathama vAcanA ke adhyakSa evaM nirdezaka 32, dvitIya vAcanA - mAthurI vAcanA 32, vAla bhI vAcanA 34, eka hI samaya meM do vAcanAe~ ? 34, tRtIya vAcanA 35, aga-praviSTa tathA aMga-bAhya 37, malaghArI hemacandra dvArA vyAkhyA 38, prA0 malayagiri kI vyAkhyA 38, aMga-praviSTa : aMga-bAhya : samyaktA 40, gRhItA kA vaiziSTya 41 / paiMtAlIsa Agama 43-181 aga-saMjJA kyoM ? 43 dvAdazAMga -43 - 78 (1) AyArAMga 43, dvitIya zrutaskandha : racanA : kale- . vara 44, darzana 45, vyAkhyA-sAhitya 48.

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( 2 ) sUyagaDaMga, sUtrakRtAMga ke nAma 49, sUtrakRtAMga kA svarUpa : kalevara 49, vibhinna vAdoM kA ullekha 50, darzana aura pracAra 51, bauddhabhikSu 53 vedavAdI brAhmaNa 54, AtmAdvaitavAdI 55, hasti tApasa 55, vyAkhyA sAhitya 56, (3) ThANAMga 56, darzana-pakSa 57, vyAkhyA - sAhitya 59, ( 4 ) samavAyAMga 60, varNana krama 61, (5) vivAha - paNNatti 61, varNana - zailI 62, jaina dharma kA vizvakoza 63, anya granthoM kA sUcana 63, aitihAsika sAmagrI 63, darzana - pakSa 64, ( 6 ) NAyAghammakahAo nAma kI vyAkhyA 65, Agama kA svarUpa : kalevara 66, (7) uvAsagadasAno nAma : artha 67, AcArAMga kA pUraka 67, ( 8 ) aMtagaDadasAo nAma : vyAkhyA 69, (9) anuttarovavAiyadasAzro nAma : vyAkhyA 70, vartamAna rUpa : aparipUrNa, yathAvat 71, ( 10 ) paNhavAgaraNAI nAma ke pratirUpa 71, vartamAna rUpa 71, vartamAna svarUpa : samIkSA 72, (11) faamga 73, ( 12 ) diTTivAya, sthAnAMga meM dRSTivAda ke paryAya 75, dRSTivAda ke bheda : uhApoha 76, bheda-prabhedoM ke rUpa meM vistAra 76, anuyoga kA tAtparya 76, 78-110 upAMga 78, aMga : upAMga : prasAdRzya 78, vedoM ke ( x ) dvAdaza upAMga

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aMga 79, vedoM ke upAMga 79, upavedoM kI pari kalpanA 80, jaina zrutopAMga 80, (1) uvavAiya, praupapAtika kA artha 81, (2) rAyapaseNIpa 82, (3) jIvAjIvAbhigama 86, darzana-pakSa 86, vyAkhyA sAhitya 90, (4) pannavaNA, nAma : artha 91. racanA 91, racanA kA AdhAra : eka kalpanA 92, mleccha 93, Arya 93, vyAkhyA-sAhitya 96, (5) sUriyapannatti 96, prAbhRta kA artha 96, vyAkhyA sAhitya 97, (6) jambUddIvapannatti 97, vakSaskAra kA tAtparya 98, (7) caMdapannatti, sthAnAMga meM ullekha 98, rahasyamaya : eka samAdhAna 99, eka sambhAvanA 100, saMkhyA . krama meM bhinnatA 102, (8-12) pAMca nirayAvaliyA~ 102. (8) nirayAvaliyA yA kappiyA 103, viSaya vastu 103, (9) kappavaDaMsiyA 105, (10) pulphiyA 106, tApasa varNana 106, (11) pupphacUlA 108, (12) vaNhidasA 109 / (xi )

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yaha cheva sUtra 110-126 cheda sUtra 110, (1) nimIha, zabda kA artha 111, racanA : racanAkAra 112, vyAkhyA sAhitya 113, ( 2 ) mahAnisIha 113, aitihAsikatA 114, ( 3 ) vavahAra 114, katipaya mahattvapUrNa prasaMga 116, racayitA aura vyAkhyAkAra 118, (4) dasAsuyakkhaMdha 118, gaNi sampadA racanAkAra : vyAkhyA sAhitya 121, (5) kappa 121, kalevara : viSaya vastu 121, katipaya mahattvapUrNa ullekha 122, racanA eva vyAkhyA sAhitya 123, ( 6 ) paMcakappa 125. 125, patta 125, racanA : vyAkhyA sAhitya chaha mUla sUtra 126-168 126, mUla-sUtra 126, mUla: nAmakaraNa kyoM ? pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA vimarSa 127, pro. zarpeNTiyara kA mata 127, DaoN. vAlTara zuniMga kA abhimata 127, pro. gerIno kI kalpanA 128, samIkSA 128, 118, (1) uttarajjhayaNa, nAmaH vizleSaNa 129, vimarSa 131, niyuktikAra kA abhimata 133. bhadrabAhunA proktAni kA abhiprAya 134, vimarSa : samIkSA 134, viSaya-vastu 135, hRSTAnta kathAnaka 136, vyAkhyA - sAhitya 137, sArthakatA 137, vyAkhyA (2) zrAvassaya, nAma sAhitya 139, ( xii )

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(4) (3) dasaveyAliya, nAmaH anvarthakatA 139, saMkalana : prAdhAra * pUrvazruta 140, dUsarA prAdhAra : anya Agama 140, cUlikAe~ - rativAkyA 142, viviktacaryA 143, vizeSatA : mahattva 144, vya khyA-sAhitya 144, prathama prakAzana 144 piNDanijjatti, nAma : vyAkhyA 145, kucha mahattvapUrNa ullekha 146, -aohanijjutti, nAma : vyAkhyA 147, eka mahattvapUrNa prasaMga 147, upadhi-nirUpaNa 148, jinakalpI va sthavirakalpI ke upakaraNa 148, sAdhvI yA prAyikA ke upakaraNa 149, vyAkhyA sAhitya 150, -pakkhiya sutta 150, khAmaNA-sutta 150, vaMdittusutta 151, - isibhAsiya 151, (5) nandI sUtra, racayitA 151, svarUpa : viSaya-vastu 151, darzana-pakSa 152, jJAnabAda 153, avadhijJAna 153, manaH paryayajJAna 156, kevala jJAna 157, prAbhinibodhika jJAna 158, zrutajJAna 162, (6) anuyogadvAra 164, mahattvapUrNa sUcanAeM 165, .. __ anumAna 166, upamAna 167, prAgama 168 / dasa paiNNaga - 168-181 prakIrNakoM kI paramparA 168, prApta prakIrNaka 170, (1) causaraNa 170, (2) pAura-paccakkhANa, nAmaH prAzayaH viSaya 171, (3) mahApaccakkhANa, nAmaH abhiprAya 172, viSaya vastu 172, ( xiii )

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(4) bhatta-pariNNA, nAmaH prAzaya 172, katipaya mahattva pUrNa prasaMga 173, (5) taMdula-veyAliya, nAma : artha 174, nArI kA hIna rekhAcitra 174, kucha vicitra vyutpattiyAM 175, (6) saMthAraga 176, (7) gacchAyAra 177, vyAkhyA-sAhitya 178 (8) gaNivijjA 179, (9) deviMda-thaya 179, (10) maraNa-samAhI 179, kalevara : viSaya-vastu 180, upasaMhAra 181 / bhAgamoM para vyAkhyA - sAhitya 182-193 prayojana 182, vyAkhyAnoM kI vidhAe~ 183, nijjutti 184, aitihAsikatA 184, niyuktiyA~ : racanAkAra 185, bhAsa 185, racanA : racayitA 186, cuNNiudbhava : lakSaNa 186, cUrNiyoM kI bhASA 187, prAkRta kI pradhAnatA 188, cUrNiyA~ : racanAkAra 188, mahattvapUrNa cUrNiyA~ 189, TIkAe~ - abhipreta 190, TIkAe~ purAvartI paramparA 191, himavat therAvalI meM ullekha 191, pramukha TIkAkAra-prAcArya haribhadrasUri 191, zIlAGakAcArya 192, zAntyAcArya evaM nemicandrAcArya 192, prAcArya abhayadeva prabhRti uttaravartI TIkAkAra 193, vizeSatA : mahattva 193 / (xiv)

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Agama vicAra dharma-dezanA tIrthaMkara arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM dharma-dezanA dete haiN| unakA apanA vaiziSTya hotA hai, vividha bhASA-bhASI zrotRgaNa apanI-apanI bhASA meM use samajha lete haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM ve bhASAtmaka pudgala zrotAoM kI apanI-apanI bhASAoM meM pariNata ho jAte haiN| jainavAGamaya meM aneka sthaloM para aise ullekha prApta hote haiN| samavAyAMga sUtra meM jahA~ tIrthaMkara ke cautIsa atizayoM kA varNana hai, vahA~ unake bhASAtizaya ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai : "tIrthaMkara arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM dharma kA pAkhyAna karate haiN| unake dvArA bhASyamANa arddhamAgadhI bhASA Arya, anArya, dvipada, catuSpada, mRga, pazu, pakSI tathA sarIsRpa prabhRti jIvoM ke hita, kalyANa aura sukha ke lie unakI apanI-apanI bhASAoM meM pariNata ho jAtI hai|"1 prajJApanA sUtra meM Arya kI bahumukhI vyAkhyA ke sandarbha meM sUtrakAra ne aneka prakAra ke bhASA-Arya kA varNana karate hue kahA hai : "bhASA-Arya arddhamAgadhI bhASA bolate haiM aura brAhmI-lipi kA prayoga karate haiN|" 1. bhagavaM ca Na prahamAgahIe bhAsAe dhammamAikkhai / sAvi ya raNaM ahamAgahI bhAsA bhAsijjamANI tesiM savvesi mAriyamaNAriyANaM duppaya-ca uppayamiya-pasu-sarIsivANaM appappaNo hiya-siva-suhadAya bhAsattAe pariNamai / - samavAyAMga sUtra ; 34 2. kiM taM bhAsAriyA ? bhAsAriyA praNegavihA paNNattA / taM jahA-jeNaM praddhamAgahIe bhAsAe bhAsai jattha viyaraNaM baMbhI livI pavattaI / -prajJApanA; pada 1, 36

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jainAgama digdarzana aupapAtika sUtra kA prasaMga hai : "taba bhagavAn mahAvIra anekavidha pariSad-parivRta (zreNika) bimbisAra ke putra kUNika (ajAtazatru) ke samakSa zarad Rtu ke nava stanita-nUtana megha ke garjana ke samAna madhura tathA gambhIra, krauMca pakSI ke ghoSa ke samAna mukhara, dundubhi kI dhvani kI taraha hRdya vANI se, jo hRdaya meM vistAra pAtI huI, kaNTha meM vartulita hotI huI tathA mastaka meM prAkIrNa hotI huI vyakta, pRthak-pRthak spaSTa akSaroM meM uccArita, mammaNA - avyakta vacanatA-rahita, sarvAkSara-samanvayayukta, puNyAnurakta, sarvabhASAnugAminI, yojanaparyanta zrayamANa arddha mAgadhI bhASA meM bolate haiM, dharma kA parikathana karate haiN| vaha arddha mAgadhI bhASA una AryoM, anAryoM kI apanI-apanI bhASAoM meM pariNata ho jAtI hai|" prAcArya hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana ke maMgalAcaraNa meM jainI vAk arddha mAgadhI bhASA ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA karate hue 'sarva bhASApariNatAm' pada se prazastatA prakaTa kI hai| alaMkAratilaka ke racayitA vAgbhaTa ne bhI usI prakAra sarvajJAzrita arddha mAgadhI bhASA kI stavanA karate hue bhAva vyakta kiye haiM : "hama usa arddha mAgadhI bhASA kA prAdarapUrvaka dhyAna, stavana karate haiM, jo saba kI hai, sarvajJoM dvArA vyavahRta hai, samagra bhASAoM meM pariNata hone vAlI hai, sArvajanIna hai, saba bhASAoM kA srota hai|"2 __ bhASA-prayoga ko aneka vidhAeM hotI haiN| jahA~ zraddhA, prazasti 1. samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre koriNayassa raNNo bhaMbhAsAra puttassa mAradanavattha riNaya-mahuragabhIra kocaNigyosaduMdubhissare uvevItthaDAe kaMThe vaTThiyAe sire samAigAe agilAe amammaraNAe savakkharasaNivAIyAe puNarattAe savvabhAsAraNugAmaNie sarassaIe joyaramaNahAriNAsareNaM addhamAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsaMti arihA dhamma parikaheMti tesiM savvesiM pAriyamaNAriyANa pragilAe dhamma-mAikkhaMti sA vi ya NaM addhamAgahA bhAsA tesi savvesi prAriyamaNAriyANaM prappaNo sabhAsAe pariNamaMti / - propapAtika sUtra ; pR. 117, 118 2. sarvArdhamAgadhIM sarvabhASAsu pariNAminIm / sArvIyAM sarvato vAcaM sArvajJI prariNadadhmahe // - alaMkAra - tilaka 1, 1

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mAgama vicAra tathA samAdara kA bhAva adhika hotA hai, vahA~ bhASA arthavAda-pradhAna ho jAtI hai| ise dUSaNIya nahIM kahA jaataa| parantu, jahA~ bhASA kA prayoga jisa vidhA meM hai, use yathAvat rUpa meM samajha liyA jAye to kaThinAI nahIM hotii| isI dRSTikoNa se ye prasaMga jJeya aura vyAkhyeya haiN| bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra isa yuga ke antima tIrthaMkara the| isa samaya upalabdha arddha mAgadhI Agama-vAGamaya unhIM kI dezanA para AdhArita hai| pratthAgama : suttAgama Agama do prakAra ke haiM.-1. atthAgama (arthAgama) aura 2. suttAgama (suutraagm)| tIrthaMkara prakIrNa rUpa meM jo upadeza karate haiM, vaha arthAgama hai| arthAt vibhinna arthoM-viSaya-vastuoM para jaba-jaba prasaMga Ate haiM, tIrthaMkara prarUpaNA karate rahate haiN| unake pramukha ziSya arthAtmaka dRSTyA kiye gaye upadezoM kA sUtrarUpa meM saMkalana yA saMgrathana karate rahate haiN| prAcArya bhadrabAhukRta Avazyaka niyukti meM isI prAzaya ko agrAMkita zabdAvalI meM kahA gayA hai : "arhat artha kA bhASaNa yA vyAkhyAna karate haiN| dharma-zAsana ke hita ke lie gaNadhara unake dvArA vyAkhyAta artha kA sUtra rUpa meM grathana karate haiN| isa prakAra sUtra pravRtta hotA hai|" 1. indrabhUti, 2. agnibhUti, 3. vAyubhUti, 4. vyakta, 5. sudharmA. 6. maNDita, 7. mauryaputra 8. akampita, 6. acalabhrAtA, 10. metArya, 11. prabhAsa; bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ye gyAraha gaNaghara the| unakA zramaNa-saMgha nau gaNoM meM vibhakta thA, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. godAsa gaNa, 2. uttarabaliyassaya gaNa, 3. uddeha gaNa, 4. cAraNa gaNa, 5. UrdhvavArtika gaNa, 6. vizvavAdI gaNa, 7. kAmadhika gaNa, 8. mANava gaNa tathA 6. koTika gaNa / ' 1. samaNassa bhagavo mahAvIrassa nava gaNA hotthaa| taM jahA--godAsa gaNe, uttarabaliyassayagaNe, uddehagaNa, cAraNagaNe,uDr3havAiyagaNe, vissavAigaNe, kAmiDDhiyagaNe, mAravagaNe, koddiygnne| - sthAnAMga; 6, 26

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jainAgama digdarzana gaNadhara Agama-vAGamaya kA prasiddha zabda hai / AgamoM meM mukhyatayA yaha do arthoM meM vyavahRta huA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke pradhAna ziSya gaNadhara kahe jAte haiM, jo tIrthaMkaroM dvArA arthAgama ke rUpa meM upadiSTajJAna kA dvAdaza aMgoM ke rUpa meM saMkalana karate haiN| pratyeka gaNadhara ke niyantraNa meM eka gaNa hotA hai, jisake saMyama jIvitavya ke nirvAha kA gaNadhara pUrA dhyAna rakhate haiN| gaNadhara kA usase bhI adhika Avazyaka kArya hai, apane adhInastha gaNa ko Agama-vAcanA denaa| tIrthaMkara artha meM jo Agamopadeza karate haiM, unheM gaNadhara zabdabaddha karate haiM / artha kI dRSTi se samasta prAgama-vAGamaya eka hotA hai, parantu, bhinna-bhinna gaNadharoM ke dvArA saMgrathita hone ke kAraNa vaha zAbdika dRSTi se sarvathA eka ho, aisA nahIM hotaa| zAbdika antara svAbhAvika hai / ataH bhinna-bhinna gaNadharoM kI vAcanAe~ zAbdika dRSTi se sadRza nahIM hotIM / tatvataH unameM aikya hotA hai| gyAraha gaNadhara : nau gaNa __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM gaNoM aura gaNadharoM kI saMkhyA meM do kA antara thaa| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki pahale se sAtaveM taka ke gaNadhara eka-eka gaNa kI vyavasthA dekhate the, pRthak-pRthak AgamavAcanA dete the, parantu, Age cAra gaNadharoM meM do-do kA eka-eka gaNa thaa| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki pAThaveM aura nauveM gaNa meM zramaNa-saMkhyA kama thI; isalie do-do gaNadharoM para sammilita rUpa se eka-eka gaNa kA dAyitva thaa| tadanusAra akampita aura acalabhrAtA ke pAsa AThaveM gaNa kA uttaradAyitva thA tathA metArya aura prabhAsa ke pAsa nauveM gaNa kaa| kalpasUtra meM kahA gayA hai : "bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sabhI gyArahoM gaNadhara dvAdazAMga-vettA, caturdaza-pUrvI tathA samasta gaNi-piTaka ke dhAraka the| rAjagRha nagara meM mAsika anazana pUrvaka ve kAlagata hue, sarvaduHkha-prahINa bane arthAt mukta hue / sthavira indrabhUti (gautama) tathA sthavira Arya sudharmA; ye donoM hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhigata

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prAgama vicAra hone ke pazcAt mukta hue|"' jyoM-jyoM gaNadhara siddhi-prApta hote gaye, unake gaNa sudharmA ke gaNa meM antarbhAvita hote gye| zru ta-saMkalana tIrthaMkara sarvajJatva prApta karane ke anantara upadeza karate haiN| taba unakA jJAna sarvathA svAzrita yA Atma-sAkSAtkRta hotA hai, jise darzana kI bhASA meM pAramArthika pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| sarvajJa hone ke bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samasta jagata ke samagra prANiyoM ke kalyANa tathA zreyas ke lie dharma-dezanA dii| unakI dharma-dezanAoM ke sandarbha meM bar3A sundara krama milatA hai| unake nikaTatama suvinIta antevAsI gautama, yadyapi svayaM bhI bahuta bar3e jJAnI the, parantu, loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se bhagavAn mahAvIra se aneka prakAra ke prazna pUchate the| bhagavAn unakA uttara dete the| zrata kA vaha pravahamAna srota eka vipula jJAna-rAzi ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA arddhamAgadhI meM upadiSTa arthAgama kA Arya sudharmA ne sUtrAgama ke rUpa meM jo saMgrathana kiyA, aMzataH hI sahI dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM vahI prApta hai| zruta-paramparA ke (mahAvIra ke uttaravartI) srota kA Arya sudharmA se jur3ane kA hetu yaha hai ki ve hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttarAdhikArI hue; isaliye Age kI sArI paramparA Arya sudharmA kI (dharma -) apatya-paramparA yA (dharma -) vaMzaparamparA kahI jAtI hai| kalpasUtra meM likhA hai : "jo Aja zramaNanirgrantha vidyamAna haiM, ve sabhI anagAra Arya sudharmA kI apatyaparamparA ke haiM, kyoMki aura sabhI gaNadhara nirapatya rUpa meM nirvANa ko prApta hue|"3 1. savve ee samaNassa bhagava pro mahAvIrassa ekkArasa vi gaNaharA duvAla__ saMgiNo coddasapugviNo samattagaNipiDagadharA rAyagihe nagare mAsieNaM bhattaNaM prapANaeNaM kAlagayA jAva savvadukkhappahINA / there idabhUi there ajja suhamme siddhi gae mahAvIre pacchA donni vi prinivvuyaa||203 // 2. bArahavAM aMga dRSTivAda prabhI lupta hai| 3. je ime prajjatAte samaNA niggaMthA viharaMti e e NaM savve ajja suhammassa praNagArassa pAhAvaccijjA, pravasesA gaNaharA niravaccA vocchinnaa|

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jainAgama digdarzana zrutaH kaNThAnaH aparivartya vedoM ko zruti kahe jAne kA kAraNa sambhavataH yahI hai ki unheM sunakara, guru-mukha se prAyatta kara smaraNa rakhane kI paramparA rahI hai / jaina Agama-vAGmaya ko bhI zru ta kahA jAtA hai| usakA bhI yahI abhiprAya pratIta hotA hai ki use sunakara, prAcArya yA upAdhyAya se adhigata kara yAda rakhe jAne kA pracalana thaa| sana kara jo smaraNa rakhA jAe, usameM sunI huI zabdAvalI kI yathAvattA sthira raha sake, yaha kaThina pratIta hotA hai| purA-kAlIna manISiyoM ke dhyAna se yaha tathya bAhara nahIM thA; ataH ve prArambha se hI isa ora yatheSTa jAgarUkatA aura sAvadhAnI baratate rhe| vaidika vidvAnoM ne saMhitA-pATha, pada-pATha, krama-pATha, jaTA-pATha tathA dhana-pATha ke rUpa meM veda-mantroM ke paThana yA uccAraNa kA eka vaijJAnika abhyAsa-krama nirdhArita kiyA thaa| isa vaijJAnika pATha-krama ke kAraNa hI vedoM kA zAbdika kalevara Aja bhI akSuNNa vidyamAna hai| jaina AgamajJoM ne ise bhalobhA~ti anubhava kiyaa| unhoMne bhI AgamoM ke pATha yA uccAraNa ke sambandha meM kucha aisI maryAdAe~, niyamana yA paramparAe~ bA~dhIM, jinase pATha kA zuddha svarUpa aparivartya raha ske| anuyoga dvAra sUtra meM AgamataH dravyAvazyaka ke prasaMga meM sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki Agama-pATha kI kyA-kyA vizeSatAe~ haiM ? ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. zikSita - sAdhAraNatayA pATha sIkha lenA, usakA sAmAnyataH uccAraNa jAna lenA / 2. sthita - adhota pATha ko mastiSka meM sthira krnaa| 3. jita - kramAnurUpa Agama-vANI kA paThana krnaa| yaha tabhI 1. prAgamo davAvassayaM - jassa NaM prAvassaeti padaM -sikkhataM, TitaM, jitaM, mita, parijitaM, nAmasamaM, ghosasama, ahINakkharaM, praNavakkharaM, avvAiddhakkharaM, akkhaliyaM, amiliyaM, avaccAmeliyaM, paDipuNNaM, paDipuNNaghosaM, kaMTThoTThavippamukkaM guruvAyaraNovagayaM / - anuyogadvAra sUtra; 11

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mAgama vicAra 4. mita sadhatA hai, jaba pATha nija-varAMgata- adhikRta yA svAyatta ho jAtA hai / mita kA artha mAna, parimANa yA mApa hotA hai / pATha ke sAtha mita vizeSaNa kA prAzaya pAThagata akSara Adi kI maryAdA, niyama, saMyojana prAdi hai | 5. parijita - anukramatayA pATha karanA sarala hai / yadi usI pATha kA vyatikrama yA vyutkrama se uccAraNa kiyA jAye, to bar3I kaThinatA hotI hai / yaha tabhI sambhava hotA hai, jaba pATha parijita arthAt bahuta acchI taraha adhikRta ho / adhyetA ko vyatikrama yA vyutkrama se pATha karane kA bhI abhyAsa ho / 7 6. nAmasama - hara kisI ko apanA nAma pratikSaNa, kisI bhI prakAra kI sthiti meM samyak smaraNa rahatA hai / vaha pratyeka vyakti ko AtmasAt ho jAtA hai / apane nAma kI taraha Agama-pATha kA AtmasAt ho jAnA / aisA hone para adhyetA kisI bhI samaya pATha kA yathAvat sahaja rUpa meM uccAraNa kara sakatA hai / 7. ghoSasama - ghoSa kA artha dhvani hai / pATha zuddha ghoSa yA dhvanipUrvaka uccarita kiyA jAnA cAhie / vyAkhyAkAroM ne ghoSa kA prAzaya udAtta', anudAtta tathA svarita abhihita kiyA hai / jahA~ jisa prakAra kA svara uccarita honA apekSita ho, vahA~ vaisA hI uccarita honA / veda-mantroM ke uccAraNa meM bahuta sAvadhAnI rakhI jAtI thI / ghoSasama ke abhiprAya meM itanA aura 1. uccairudAttaH / 2. nIcairanudAttaH / 3. samavRttyA svaritaH / 4. mantro hInaH svarato varNato vA, sA vAgvajro yajamAnaM hinasti, vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakaumudI 1, 2, 29-31, mithyA prayukto na tamarthamAha / yathendrazatruH svaratoparAdhAt // pANinIya zikSA; 52 -

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jainAgama digdarzana jor3A jAnA bhI saMgata pratIta hotA hai ki jina varNoM ke jo-jo uccAraNa sthAna hoM, unakA una-una sthAnoM se yathAvat uccAraNa kiyA jaae| vyAkaraNa meM uccAraNa-sambandhI jisa upakrama ko prayatna kahA jAtA hai, ghoSasama meM usakA bhI samAveza hotA hai| 8. ahInAkSara-uccAryamANa pATha meM kisI bhI varNa ko hIna arthAt gAyaba yA aspaSTa na krnaa| pATha spaSTa honA caahie| 6. antyakSara-uccAryamANa pATha meM jitane akSara hoM, ThIka ve hI uccarita, hoM, koI atirikta yA adhika na mila jaae| 1. vargoM ke uccAraNa meM kucha ceSTA karanI par3atI hai, use 'yatna' kahate haiM / yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai| jo yatna varNa ke mukha se bAhara Ane se pUrva antarAla meM hotA hai, usako prAbhyantara kahate haiN| binA isake bAhya yatna niSphala hai| yahI isakI prakRSTatA hai; ataeva ise 'prayatna' kahA jAtA hai| 'prakRSTo yatnaH prayatnaH' yaha artha saMgata bhI isIliye hai| isakA anubhava uccAraNa karane vAlA hI kara sakatA hai ; kyoMki usI ke mukha ke antarAla meM yaha hotA hai| dUsarA yatna mukha se vaNaM nikalate samaya hotA hai; ataeva yaha bAhya kahA jAtA hai| isakA anubhava sunane vAlA bhI kara sakatA hai| ___ yatno dvidhA-prAbhyantaro bAhyazca / prAdyaH paMcadhA-spRSTa-ISatspRSTaISadvivRta-vivRta - saMvRtabhedAt / tatra spRSTaM prayatnaM sparzAnAm / ISatspRSTa - mantaHsthAnAm / ISadvivRtamUSmaNAm / vivRtaM svarANAm / hrasvasyAvarNasya prayoge saMvRtam, prakriyAdazAyAM tu vivRtameva / bAhyastvekAdazadhA-vivAraH saMvAraH zvAso nAdo'ghoSo ghoSolpaprAraNo mahAprANa udAttonudAttaH svaritazceti / svaro vivArA: zvAsA praghoSAzca / hazaH saMvArA nAdA ghoSAzca / vargANAM prathamatRtIyapaMcamA maNazcAlpaprANAH / vargANAM dvitIyacaturtho zalazca mahAprANAH / - laghu siddhAnta kaumudI; saMjJAprakaraNam, pR0 18-20.

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prAgama vicAra 10. avyAviddhAkSara-a+vi+yA+viddha ke yoga se avyAviddha zabda banA hai| viddha kA artha biMdhA huA hai aura usake pahale pA upasarga laga jAne se usakA artha saba ora se yA bhalIbhA~ti biMdhA huaA ho jAtA hai / 'yA' me pUrva lagA 'vi' upasarga biMdha jAne ke artha meM aura vizeSatA lA detA hai| akSara ke vyAviddha hone kA artha hai, usakA apahata honA, pIr3ita honaa| apahanana yA pIr3ana kA prAzaya akSaroM ke viparIta yA ulTe paThana se hai / vaisA nahIM honA caahie| 11. askhalita-pATha kA yathApravAha uccAraNa honA caahie| pravAha meM eka laya (Rhythm) hotI hai, jisase pATha dvArA vyajyamAna Azaya suSThutayA avasthita rahatA hai; ataeva pATha meM skhalana nahIM honA caahie| askhalita rUpa meM kiye jAne vAle pATha kI artha-jJApakatA vaizadya liye rahatI hai| 12. amilita-ajAgarUkatA yA asAvadhAnI se kiye jAne vAle pATha meM yaha AzaMkita rahatA hai ki dUsare akSara kadAcit pATha ke akSaroM ke sAtha mila jaayeN| vaisA hone se pAThoccAraNa kI zuddhatA vyAhata ho jAtI hai| vaisA nahIM honA caahiye| 13. avyatyAneDita-a+vi+ati+pAmraDita ke yoga se yaha zabda banA hai| AmraDita kA artha zabda yA dhvani kI AvRtti' hai| pAia saddamahaNNavo meM 'vaccAmeliya' aura 'viccAmeliya' donoM rUpa diye haiN| donoM kA eka hI artha hai| vahA~ 'bhinna-bhinna aMzoM se mizrita, asthAna meM hI chinna hokara cira grathita tathA tor3a 1. saMskRta -(ka) hindI koSa ; prApTe, pR0 115 (kha) Reduplication : Sanskrit-English Dictionary - Sir Monier M. Williams; p 147.

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10 jainAgama digdarzana kara sAMdhA huA' artha' kiyA gayA hai| sUtra - vyAkhyAtAoM ne isakA artha anya sUtroM athavA zAstroM ke milate-julate yA samAnArthaka pATha ko cAlU yA kriyamANa - uccAryamANa pATha se milA denA kiyA hai, jo kozakAroM dvArA kI gayI vyAkhyA se milatA huA hai / zAstra-pATha yA sUtroccAraNa meM prAmra Dana, atyadhika Amra eDana--vyatyAsra Dana nahIM honA cAhie / 14. pratipUrNa - zIghratA yA atizIghratA se grasta-vyastatA AtI hai, jisase uccAraNIya pATha kA aMza chUTa bhI sakatA hai / pATha kA paripUrNa rUpa se - samagratayA, usake binA kisI aMza ko chor3e uccAraNa kiyA jAnA cAhie / 15. prati pUrNaghoSa - pAThoccAraNa meM jahA~ laya ke anurUpa bolanA Avazyaka hai, vahA~ dhvani kA paripUrNa yA spaSTa uccAraNa bhI utanA hI apekSita hai / uccAryamANa pATha kA uccAraNa itane manda svara se na ho ki usake sunAI dene meM bhI kaThinAI ho / pratipUrNa ghoSa samIcona, saMgata, vAMchita svara se uccAraNa karane kA sUcaka hai / jaise, manda svara se uccAraNa karanA varjya hai, usI prakAra ati tIvra svara se uccAraNa karanA bhI dUSaNIya hai / 16. kaNThoSThavipramukta kaNTha + proSTha + vipra + mukta ke yoga se yaha zabda niSpanna huA hai / mukta kA artha chUTA huA hai / jahA~ uccAraNa meM kama sAvadhAnI baratI jAtI hai, vahA~ uccAryamANa varNa kucha kaNTha meM, kucha hoThoM meM bahudhA aTaka jAte haiM / jaisA apekSita ho, vaisA spaSTa aura subodhya uccAraNa nahIM ho pAtA / pAThoccAraNa ke sambandha meM jo sUcana kiyA gayA hai, vaha eka ora uccAraNa ke pariSkRta rUpa aura pravAha kI yathAvattA banAye rakhane ke yatna kA dyotaka hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora uccAraNa, paThana, abhyAsa 1. pAiprasa mahaNNavo ; pR0 776

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prAgama vicAra pUrvaka adhigata yA svAyatta kiye gaye zAstroM ko yathAvat smRti meM TikAye rakhane kA bhI sUcaka hai| ina sUcanAoM meM anukrama, vyatikrama tathA vyutkrama se pATha karanA, pATha meM kisI varNa ko lupta na karanA, adhika yA atirikta akSara na jor3anA, pAThagata akSaroM ko paraspara na milAnA yA kinhIM anya akSaroM ko pATha ke akSaroM ke sAtha na milAnA Adi ke rUpa meM jo tathya upasthita kiye gaye haiM, ve vastutaH bahuta mahatvapUrNa haiM / isake liye sambhavataH yahI bhAvanA rahI huI pratIta hotI hai ki zramaNa-paramparA se uttarottara gatizIla dvAdazAMgamaya mAgama-vAGamaya kA srota kabhI parivartita, vicalita tathA vikRta na hone paaye| zru ta kA udbhava sarvajJa jJAna kI prarUpaNA yA abhivyaMjanA kyoM karate haiM, vaha Agama rUpa meM kisa prakAra pariNata hotA hai, isakA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM bahuta sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| vahAM kahA gayA hai : "tapa, niyama tathA jJAna rUpI vRkSa para ArUDha amita-ananta jJAna-sampanna kevalI-jJAnI bhavyajanoM ko udbodhita karane ke hetu jJAna-puSpoM kI vRSTi karate haiN| gaNadhara use buddhirUpI paTa meM grahaNa kara usakA pravacana ke nimitta grathana karate haiN|'' vRkSa ke dRSTAnta kA vizadIkaraNa karate huye bhASyakAra likhate haiM : "jaise, vipula vana-khaNDa ke madhya eka ramya, unnata tathA pralamba zAkhAnvita kalpavRkSa hai / eka sAhasika vyakti usa para ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai| vaha vahAM aneka prakAra ke surabhita puSpoM ko grahaNa kara letA hai| bhUmi para aise puruSa haiM, jo pUSpa lene ke icchuka haiM aura tadartha unhoMne apane vastra phailA rakhe haiN| vaha vyakti una phUloM ko phailAye hue vastroM para prakSipta kara detA hai| ve puruSa anya logoM para anukampA 1. tava-niyama-nANarukkhaM prArUr3ho kevalI prmiynaannii| to muyai nANavuThiM bhaviyajaNavibohaNachAe // taM buddhimaeNa paDeNa gaNaharA gihiu niravasesaM / titthayarabhAsiyAI gaMthaMti to pavayaNaTThA / / -- vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : 1064-65

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12 jainAgama digdarzana karane ke nimitta una phUloM ko gUthate haiN| isI taraha yaha jagat eka vanakhaNDa hai| vahAM tapa, niyama aura jJAnamaya kalpa vRkSa hai| cautIsa atizaya-yukta sarvajJa usa para ArUDha haiN| ve kevalI paripUrNa jJAna-rUpI puSpoM ko chadmasthatA rUpa bhUmi para avasthita jJAna rUpI puSpa ke arthIicchuka gaNadharoM ke nirmala buddhirUpI paTa para prakSipta karate haiN|" bhASyakAra ne svayaM hI prazna upasthita karate hue isakA aura vizleSaNa kiyA hai, jo paThanIya hai : "sarvajJa bhagavAna kRtArtha haiN| kucha karanA unake lie zeSa nahIM hai| phira ve dharma-prarUpaNA kyoM karate haiM ? sarvajJa sarva upAya aura vidhi-vettA haiN| ve bhavyajanoM ko upadeza dene ke liye hI aisA karate haiM, abhavyoM ko kyoM nahIM udbodhita karate ?" samAdhAna prastuta karate hue bhASyakAra kahate haiM : 'tIrthaMkara ekAnta rUpa meM kRtArtha nahIM haiM; kyoMki unake jina nAma-karma kA udaya hai| vaha karma vandhya yA niSphala nahIM hai; ataH use kSINa karane ke hetu yahI upAya hai / athavA kRtArtha hote hue bhI jaise sUrya kA svabhAva prakAza karanA hai, vaise hI dUsaroM se upakRta na hokara bhI paropakAra parAyaNatA 1. rukkhAiruvayanirUvaraNatyamiha dvvrukkhdilNto| jaha koi viulavaNasaMDamajhayAraThThiyaM rammaM // tugaM viulakkhaMdhaM sAisamo kpprukkhmaaruuddho| pajjattagahiyabahuvihasurabhikusumoNukaMpAe / kusumatthibhUmiciTThiya purisapasAriyapaDesu pakkhivai / gaMthati te ghetta sesajaNANaggahaThAe / logavaraNasaMDamajjhe trottIsAisayasaMpadovepro / tava-niyama-nANamaiya sa kapparukkha smaaruuddh'o|| mA hojja nANagaharaNammi saMsapo teNa kevaliggahaNaM / so vi ca uhA to yaM savaNNa amiyanAriNa tti / / pajjattanANakusumo tAI chaumatthabhUmisaMthesu / nANakusumatthigaNaharasiyabuddhipaDesu pakkhivai / -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : 1066-1101

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bhAgama vicAra 13 ke kAraNa dUsaroM kA paramahita karanA unakA svabhAva hai / kamala sUrya se bodha pAte haiM-vikasita hote haiM, to kyA sUrya kA unake prati rAga hai ? sUrya kI kiraNoM kA prabhAva eka samAna hai, para, kamala usase vikasita hote haiM, kumuda nahIM hote. to kyA sUrya kA unake prati dvaSa hai ? sUrya kI kiraNoM kA prabhAva eka samAna hai, para, kamala usase jo vikasita hote haiM aura kumuda nahIM hote, yaha sUrya kA, kamaloM kA, kumudoM kA apanA-apanA svabhAva hai| ugA huaA bhI prakAzadharmA sUrya ullU ke lie usake apane doSa ke kAraNa andhakArarUpa hai, usI prakAra jina rUpI sUrya abhavyoM ke lie bodha-rUpI prakAza nahIM kara skte| athavA jisa prakAra sAdhya roga kI cikitsA karatA huA vaidya rogI ke prati rAgI aura asAdhya roga kI cikitsA na karatA yA rogI ke prati dvoSI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, usI prakAra bhavyajanoM ke karma-roga ko naSTa karate hue jinendrarUpI vaidya usake prati rAgI nahIM hote tathA abhavya janoM ke asAdhya karma-rUpI roga kA apacaya na karane se usake prati ve dvaSI nahIM kahe jA sakate / jaise, kalAkAra anupayukta kASTha Adi ko chor3a kara upayukta kASTha Adi meM rUpa-racanA karatA huA anupayukta kASTha ke prati dvaSI aura upayukta kASTha ke prati anurAgI nahIM kahA jAtA, usI prakAra yogya ko pratibodha dete hue aura ayogya ko na dete hae jinezvara deva na yogya ke prati rAgI aura na ayogya ke prati dvaSI kahe jA sakate haiN|" 1. kIsa kahai kaittho kiM vA bhaviyAraNa ceva bohatthaM / samvopAyavihiNNU ki vA'bhavve na bohei // negaMteNa kayattho jeNodinna jiNi danAmaM se / tadavaMjhapphalaM tassa ya khavaraNovApro'yameva jayo / / jaM va kayatthassa vi se praNavakayaparovagArisAbhabvaM / paramA yadesayatta bhAsayasAbhanvamiva raviNo // ki va kamalesu rAmo raviNo bohei jeNa so taaii| kumuesu va se doso jaM na vibujjhati se taaii| jaM boha-maulaNAI sUrakarAmarisapro samANAmro / kramazaH

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14 puSpamAlA kI taraha sUtramAlA kA grathana bIjAdi buddhi-sampanna' vyakti ( gaNadhara ) usa jJAnamayI puSpavRSTi ko samagratayA grahaNa kara vicitra puSpa mAlA kI taraha pravacana ke nimita sUtra - mAlA - zAstragrathita karate haiM / jisa prakAra mukta - bikhare huye puSpoM kA grahaNa duSkara hotA hai aura gUMthe huye puSpoM yA puSpa gucchoM kA grahaNa sukara hotA hai, vahI prakAra jina vacana rUpI puSpoM ke sambandha pichale pRSTha kA zeSa kamala kumuyAraNa to taM sAbhavvaM tassa tesi ca // jaha bolUgAIsa pagAsaghammAvi so sadoseNaM / uzro vi tamorUvo evamabhavvANa jiesUro // sabhaM tigicchamAraNo rogaM rAgI na bhaNNae vejjo / muramANo ya prasajjha nisehayaMto jaha pradoso || taha bhavvakammarogaM nAsaMto rAgavaM na jiraNavejjo / na ya dosI prabhavtrAsajbhakammarogaM nisehato // motta majoggaM jogge dalie rUvaM karei svayAro / naya rAgaddosillo taheva jogge vibohaMto // jainAgama digdarzana - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : 1102-1110 kara liye jAte haiM, use meM ullikhita zrAdi zabda apane meM akhaNDa dhAnyaprakhaNDa sUtra vAGmaya ko 1. jisa buddhi ke dvArA eka pada se aneka pada gRhIta bIja - buddhi kahate haiN| bIja - buddhi ke sAtha pATha koSTha - buddhi kA sUcaka hai / jaise, dhAnya-koSTha bhaNDAra saMjoye rahatA hai, usI prakAra jo buddhi dhAraNa karatI hai. vaha koSTha-buddhi kahI jAtI hai / 2. pravacana kA abhiprAya prasiddha vacana yA prazasta vacana yA dharma-saMgha se hai / athavA pravacana se dvAdazAMga liyA jA sakatA hai / vaha ( dvAdazAMga zruta) kisa prakAra ( udbhAvita ) ho, isa prAzaya se dvAdazAMgAtmaka pravacana ke vistAra ke liye yA saMgha para anugraha karane ke liye gaNadhara sUtra racanA karate haiM dvAdazAMga rUpa pravacana sukha pUrvaka grahaNa kiyA jA sake, usakA sukhapUrvaka guraNana - parAvartana, dhAraNa-smaraNa kiyA jA sake, sukhapUrvaka dUsaroM ko diyA jA sake, sukhapUrvaka pRcchA-vivecana, vizleSaraNa, anveSaNa kiyA jA sake, etadartha gaNadharoM kA sUtra racanA kA prayatna hotA hai /

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prAgama vicAra 15 meM hai / pada, vAkya, prakaraNa, adhyayana, prAbhRta Adi nizcita kramapUrvaka ve ( sUtra ) vyavasthita hoM, to yaha gRhIta hai, yaha gRhItavya hai, isa prakAra - samIcInatA aura saralatA ke sAtha unakA grahaNa, guNana-parAvartana, dhAraNasmaraNa, dAna, pRcchA Adi sadha sakate haiM / isI kAraNa gaNadharoM ne zruta kI avicchinna racanA kI / unake lie vaisA avazya karaNIya thA; kyoMki una ( gaNadharoM) kI vaisI maryAdA hai / gaNadhara - nAma-karma ke udaya se unake dvArA zruta racanA kiyA jAnA anivArya hai / sabhI gaNadhara aisA karate rahe haiM / "" spaSTIkaraNa ke hetu bhASyakAra jijJAsA - samAdhAna kI bhASA meM Age batalAte haiM : "tIrthaMkara dvArA prakhyAta vacanoM ko gaNadhara svarUpa yA kalevara dete haiM / phira unameM kyA vizeSatA hai ? yathArthatA yaha hai ki tIrthaMkara gaNadharoM kI buddhi kI apekSA se saMkSepa meM tatvAkhyAna karate haiM, sarvasAdhAraNa hetuka vistAra se nahIM / dUsare zabdoM meM t (sUkSma) arthabhASita karate haiM / gaNadhara nipuNatApUrvaka usakA (vistRta) sUtrAtmaka grathana karate haiM / isa prakAra dharma - zAstra ke hita ke liye sUtra pravartita hote haiM / "2 1. taM nAgakusumavuTThi ghetta N bIyAibuddhizro savvaM / gaMthati pavayaraTThA mAlA iva cittakusumAraNaM // tri anj varaNamiha suyanAraNaM kahaM tayaM hojjA | pavara mahavA saMgho garhati tayaraNa gahaTThAe // dhe va suhaM suhaguNadhAraNA dAu pucchiu ceva / eehi kAraNehi jIyaM ti kayaM garaNaharehiM // mukkakusumAraNaM gaNAiyAI jaha dukkaraM kareu je / gucchAraNa ca suhayaraM taheva jiraNavayaraNakusumANaM // paya-vakka-pagararaNa-jjhAya - pAhuDAiniyatakkamapamANa / tadaragusaratA sahaM ciya gheppai gahiyaM idaM gejbhaM // evaM guNaNaM dharaNaM dAraNa pucchA ya tadarasA reNaM / hoi suhaM joyaMpi ya kAyadhvamiyaM jano'vassaM // sahi garaNaharehi jayaMti suyaM jano na vochinnaM / garaNa haramajjAyA vA jIyaM savvAcina vA // - vizeSAvazyaka bhASyaH 1111-17 2. jiNabhariNai cciya sutta garagaharakaraNammi ko viseso ttha / so tadavikkha bhAsai na u vittharamro suyaM ki tu // pratthaMbhAsa hA sutaM gaMthati garagaharA niuNaM / sAsarAsa hiTThAe to sutta pavatta i // vahI, 1118-16

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jainAgama digdarzana artha kI anabhilApyatA ___ artha kI vAggamyatA yA vAgagamyatA ke sambandha meM spaSTIkaraNa karane ke abhiprAya se bhASyakAra likhate haiM : "artha anabhilApya hai| vaha abhilApa yA nirvacana kA viSaya nahIM hai; isaliye zabdarUpAtmaka nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM artha kA kisa prakAra kathana kara sakate haiM ? zabda kA phala artha-pratyAyana hai-vaha artha kI pratIti karAtA hai; isaliye zabda meM artha kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se artha-kathana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|" punaH AzaMkA karate haiM : "taba aisA kahA jA sakatA hai, arhat, artha-pratyAyaka sUtra hI bhASita karate haiM, artha nhiiN| gaNadhara usI kA saMcayana karate haiM / taba donoM meM kyA antara huaA ?" - samAdhAna diyA jAtA hai-arhat puruSApekSayA-gaNadharoM kI apekSA se stoka-thor3A-sA kahate haiM, ve dvAdazAMgI nahIM kahate; ataH dvAdazAMgI kI apekSA se vaha (arhat-bhASita) artha hai tathA gaNadharoM kI apekSA se sUtra / " mAtRkA-pada - utpAda, vyaya tathA dhra vatva mUlaka tIna pada, jo arhat dvArA bhASita hote haiM, mAtakA-pada kahe jAte haiN| usa sambandha meM bhASyakAra likhate haiM : "aMgAdi sUtra-racanA se nirapekSa hone ke kAraNa (tIna) mAtRkA-pada artha kahe jAte haiN| jisa prakAra dvAdazAMga pravacana-saMgha ke liye hitakara hai, usa prakAra ve (mAtRkA-pada) hitakara nahIM haiN| saMgha ke liye vahI hitakara hai, jo sukhapUrvaka grahaNa kiyA jA ske| 1. naNa prattho'bhilappo sa kahaM bhAsai na sadarUvo so| sadammi taduvayAro pratthappaccAyaNa phalammi / / to suttameva bhAsai pratyappaccAyagaM, na nAmatthaM / gaNahAriNo vitaM ciya kariti ko paDivisesottha / / so purisAvikkhAe thovaM bharaNi na u baarsNgaaii| prattho tadavikkhAe sutta ciya gaNaharANaM taM / -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : 1120-22

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mAgama vicAra vaha gaNagharoM dvArA racita bAraha prakAra kA zru ta hai| vaha nipuNaniyataguNa yA nirdoSa, sUkSma tathA mahAn-vistRta artha kA pratipAdaka hai|" bhASyakAra ne dvAdazAMgAtmaka prAgama-racanA hetu, paramparA, krama, prayojana, Adi ke sandarbha meM bahuta vistAra se jo kahA hai, unakA mAnasika jhukAva yaha siddha karane kI ora vizeSa pratIta hotA hai ki prAgamika paramparA kA udgama-srota tIrthaMkara hai; ataH gaNadharoM kA kartRtva kevala niyU haNa, saMkalana yA grathana mAtra se hai| vaidika paramparA meM veda apauruSeya mAne gaye haiN| paramAtmA ne RSiyoM ke mana meM veda-jJAnamaya mantroM kI avatAraNA kii| RSiyoM ne antazcakSuSoM se unheM dekhaa| phalataH zabdarUpa meM unhoMne unheM abhivyaMjanA dii| RSi mantra-draSTA the, mantra-sraSTA nhiiN| isI prakAra bhASyakAra dvArA vyAkhyAta kiye gaye tathyoM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai, gaNadhara vAstava meM pAgama sraSTA nahIM the, pratyuta ve arhat-prarUpita zru ta ke draSTA yA anubhavitA mAtra the / jo unake darzana aura anubhUti kA viSaya banA, unhoMne zabda rUpa meM usakI avatAraNA kii| bhAratavarSa kI prAyaH sabhI prAcIna dhArmika paramparAoM kA yaha siddha karane kA vizeSa prayatna dekhA jAtA hai ki unakA vAGamaya apauruSeya, anAdi, IzvarIya yA pArSa hai| pUrvAtmaka jJAna aura dvAdazAMga jaina vAGamaya meM jJAniyoM kI do prakAra kI paramparAyeM prApta hotI hai: -pUrvaghara aura dvaadshaaNg-vettaa| pUrvo meM samagra zruta yA vAk1. aMgAisuttarayaNAniravekkho jeNa teNa so prtyo| mahavA na sesapavayaNahiyau tti jaha vArasaMgamiNaM // pavayaNahiyaM puraNa tayaM jaM suhagahaNAi gnnhrehito| bArasavihaM pavattai niuNaM suhama mahatthaM ca / / niyayaguNaM vA niuNaM nidosaM gaNaharA'havA niuNA / taM puNa kimAi-pajjatamAmiha ko va se saaro|| -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : 1123-25

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jainAgama digdarzana pariNaya samagra jJAna kA samAveza mAnA gayA hai / ve saMkhyA meM caturdaza haiM / jaina zramaNoM meM pUrvadharoM kA jJAna kI dRSTi se ucca sthAna rahA hai| jo zramaNa caturdaza pUrvo kA jJAna dhAraNa karate the, unheM zru takevalI kahA jAtA thaa| eka mata aisA hai, jisake anusAra pUrva jJAna bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrvavartI samaya se calA A rahA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt arthAt uttaravartI kAla meM jo vAGamaya sajita huaA, usase pUrva kA hone se yaha (pUrvAtmaka jJAna) 'pUrva' zabda se sambodhita kiyA jAne lgaa| usakI abhidhA ke rUpa meM prayukta 'pUrva' zabda sambhavataH isI tathya para prAdhRta hai| dvAdazAMgI se pUrva pUrva-racanA eka dUsare abhimata ke anusAra dvAdazAMgI kI racanA se pUrva gaNadharoM dvArA arhat-bhASita tIna mAtRkA-padoM ke AdhAra para caturdaza zAstra race gaye, jinameM samagrazrata kI avatAraNA kI gayI; Avazyaka niyukti meM aisA ullekha hai / ' dvAdazAMgI se pUrva-pahale yaha racanA kI gayI; ataH ye caturdaza zAstra caturdaza pUrvo ke nAma se vikhyAta huye / zrata jJAna ke kaThina, kaThinatara aura kaThinatama viSaya zAstrIya paddhati se inameM nirUpita huye| yahI kAraNa hai, yaha vAGamaya vizeSataH vidvatprayojya thA / sAdhAraNa buddhivAloM ke liye yaha durgama thA; ataeva isake AdhAra para unake lAbha ke liye dvAdazAMgI ko racanA ko gyo| 1. dhammovApro pavayaNamar3avA punAI desayA tassa / samvajiNANa gaNaharA coddasapuvvA u te tassa // sAmAiyAiyA vA vayajIvanikAyabhAvaNA paDhamaM / eso dhammovAdo jiNehiM sanvehiM uvittttho|| -mAvazyaka niyukti : gAthA 262-63

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prAgama vicAra Avazyaka niyukti vivaraNa meM prAcArya malayagiri ne isa sambandha meM jo likhA hai, paThanIya hai| dRSTivAda meM pUrvo kA samAveza dvAdazAMgI ke bArahaveM bhAga kA nAma dRSTivAda hai| vaha pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai -1. parikarma, 2. sUtra, 3. pUrvAnuyoga, 4. pUrvagata aura 5. cuulikaa| caturtha vibhAga pUrvagata meM caturdaza pUrva jJAna kA samAveza mAnA gayA hai| pUrva jJAna ke prAdhAra para dvAdazAMgI kI racanA huI, phira bhI pUrva jJAna ko chor3a denA sambhavataH upayukta nahIM lagA / yahI kAraNa hai ki antataH dRSTivAda meM use sanniviSTa kara diyA gyaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina tatva-jJAna ke mahatvapUrNa viSaya usameM sUkSma vizleSaNa pUrvaka bar3e vistAra se vyAkhyAta the| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM ullekha hai ki yadyapi bhUtavAda yA dRSTivAda meM samagra upayoga-jJAna kA avataraNa arthAt samagra vAGamaya antarbhUta hai| paranta, alpabuddhi vAle logoM tathA striyoM ke upakAra ke hetu usase zeSa zruta kA ni' haNa huA, usake AdhAra para sAre vAGamaya kA sarjana humA / 2 pUrva racanA : kAla tAratamya pUrvo kI racanA ke sambandha meM prAcArAMga-niyukti meM eka aura 1. nanu pUrva tAvA pUrvANi bhagavadbhirgaNadhararupanibadhyante, pUrva karaNAt pUrvAraNIti pUrvAcAryapradarzitamutpattizravaNAt, pUrveSu ca sakalavAGmayasyAvatAro, na khalu tadasti yatpUrveSu nAbhihitaM, tataH kiM zeSAMgaviracanenAMgabAha yaviracanena vA ? ucyate, iha vicitrA jagati prANinaH tatra ye durmedhasaH te pUrvANi nAdhyetumIzate, pUrvANAmatigambhIrArthatvAt, teSAM ca durmedhasatvAt, strINAM pUrvAdhyayanAnadhikAra eva, tAsAM tucchatvAdidoSavahulatvAt / --pR0 48 : prakAzaka bhAgamodaya samiti, bambaI 2. jaivi ya bhUyAvAe savvassa vanogayassa proyAro / nijjUhaNA tahA vi hu dummehe pappa hatthI ya / / -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya * gAthA 551

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jainAgama digdarzana saMketa kiyA gayA hai, jo pUrva ke ullekhoM se bhinna hai| vahAM sarvaprathama prAcArAMga kI racanA kA ullekha hai, usake anantara aMga-sAhitya aura itara vAGamaya kA / jahA~ eka ora pUrva vAGamaya kI racanA ke sambandha meM prAyaH adhikAMza vidvAnoM kA abhimata unake dvAdazAMgI se pahale race jAne kA hai, vahAM prAcArAMga-niyukti meM saba se pahale prAcArAMga ke sarjana kA ullekha eka bheda utpanna karatA hai| vartamAna meM usake apAkaraNa kA koI sAdhaka hetu upalabdha nahIM hai| isaliye isakA niSkarSa nikAlane kI ora vidvajjanoM kA prayAsa rahanA caahie| __sabhI matoM ke pariprekSya meM aisA spaSTa dhvanita hotA hai ki pUrva vAGmaya kI paramparA sambhavataH pahale se rahI hai aura vaha mukhyataH tattvavAda kI nirUpaka rahI hai| vaha vizeSata: una logoM ke liye thI, jo svabhAvataH dArzanika mastiSka aura tAtvika ruci-sampanna hote the, sarvasAdhAraNa ke liye usakA upayoga nahIM thaa| isaliye kucha uktiyAM pracalita huI-bAlakoM, nAriyoM, vRddhoM, alpamedhAviyoM yA gUr3ha tatva samajhane kI nyUna kSamatA vAloM ke hita ke liye prAkRta meM dharma-siddhAMta kI avatAraNA huii|' pUrva vAGmaya kI bhASA pUrva vAGamaya atyadhika vizAlatA ke kAraNa zabda-rUpa meM samagratayA vyakta kiyA jA sake, sambhava nahIM mAnA jaataa| paramparayA kahA jAtA hai ki, masI-cUrNa kI itanI vizAla rAzi ho ki aMbArI sahita hAthI bhI usameM DhaMka jAye, usa masI cUrNa ko jala meM gholA jaae| usase pUrva likhe jAeM, tathApi vaha masI-cUrNa aparyApta rhegaa| ve lekha meM nahIM bAMdhe jA skeNge| arthAt pUrva jJAna samagratayA zabda kA viSaya nahIM hai| vaha labdhirUpa-prAtmakSamatAnusyUta hai| para, itanA sambhAvya mAnanA hI hogA ki jitanA bhI aMza rahA ho, zabda-rUpa 1. bAlastrIvRddhamUrkhANAM nRNAM cAritrakAkSiNAm / anugrahArya tatvajJaH siddhAntaH prAkRtaH kRtaH / / -dazavakAlika vRtti ; pR0 203

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'Agama vicAra 21 meM usakI avatAraNA avazya huI / taba prazna upasthita hotA hai, kisa bhASA meM aisA kiyA gayA ? sAdhAraNatayA yaha mAnyatA hai ki pUrva saMskRta-baddha' the| kucha vidvAnoM kA isa sambandha meM anyathA mata bhI hai| ve pUrvo ke sAtha kisI bhI bhASA ko jor3anA nahIM cAhate / labdhirUpa hone se jisa kisI bhASA meM unakI abhivyaMjanA sambhAvya hai| siddhAntataH aisA bhI sambhAvita ho sakatA hai, para. caturdaza pUrvadharoM kI, daza pUrvadharoM kI, kramazaH hIyamAna pUrvadharoM kI eka paramparA rahI hai| una pUrvadharoM dvArA adhigata pUrva-jJAna, jitanA bhI vAg-viSayatA - meM saMcita huA, vahAM kisI-na-kisI bhASA kA avalambana avazya hI rahA hogaa| yadi saMskRta meM vaisA huA, to svabhAvataH eka prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra prAkRta (arddhamAgadhI) Adi bhASA hai| tIrthaMkara arddha mAgadhI meM dharma-dezanA dete haiM, jo zrota samudAya kI apanI-apanI bhASA meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| devatA isI bhASA meM bolate haiM / arthAt vaidika paramparA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAloM ke anusAra chandas (vaidika saMskRta) kA jo mahatva hai, jaina dharma meM AsthA rakhane vAloM ke liye ArSatva ke sandarbha meM vahI mahatva prAkRta kA hai| bhArata meM prAkRta boliyAM atyanta prAcIna kAla se loka-bhASA ke rUpa meM vyavahRta rahI haiN| chandas sambhavataH unhIM boliyoM meM se kisI eka para prAdhRta ziSTa rUpa hai| laukika saMskRta kA kAla usase pazcAdavartI hai| isa sthiti meM parvazrata ko bhASAtmaka dRSTi se saMskRta ke sAtha jor3anA kahAM taka saMgata hai ? kahIM pUrvavartI kAla meM aisA to nahIM hA, jaba saMskRta kA sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM sarvAtizAyI gaurava punaH pratiSThApanna hamA, taba jaina vidvAnoM ke mana meM bhI vaisA AkarSaNa jagA ho ki ve bhI apane prAdi-vAGamaya kA usake sAtha 1. yaditi zrutamasmAbhiH pUrveSAM sampradAyataH / caturdazApi pUrvANi saMskRtAni purAbhavan / 113 prajAtizayasAdhyAni tAnyucchinnAni kAlataH / madhunakAdazAMgyasti sudharmasvAmibhASitA / 114 -maa kRssi

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22 jainAgama digdarzana lagAva siddha kareM, jisase usakA mAhAtmya bddh'e| nizcayAtmaka rUpa meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, para, sahasA yaha mAna lenA samAdhAyaka nahIM pratIta hotA ki pUrva-zrata saMskRta-nibaddha rahA / pUrvagata : eka paricaya pUrvagata ke antargata vipula sAhitya hai| usake antarvartI caudaha pUrva haiM : 1. utpAda pUrva-samagra dravyoM aura paryAyoM ke utpAda yA utpatti ko adhikRta kara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakA pada parimANa eka karor3a hai| 2. agrAyaNIya pUrva-agra tathA ayana zabdoM ke mela se agrAyaNIya zabda niSpanna huA hai / agra kA artha' parimANa aura ayana kA artha gamana-pariccheda yA vizadIkaraNa hai| arthAt isa pUrva meM saba dravyoM, saba paryAyoM aura saba jIvoM ke parimANa kA varNana hai| pada-parimANa chiyAnaveM lAkha hai| 3. vIryapravAda pUrva-sakarma aura akarma jIvoM ke vIrya kA vivecana hai| pada-parimANa sattara lAkha hai| 4. asti-nAsti-pravAda pUrva-loka meM dharmAstikAya Adi jo haiM aura khara-viSANAdi jo nahIM haiM, unakA isameM vivecana hai athavA sabhI vastue~ svarUpa kI apekSA se haiM tathA para-rUpa kI apekSA se nahIM haiM, isa sambandha 1. agra parimANaM tasya prayanaM gamanaM pariccheda ityarthaH / tasmai hitamagrAyaNIyam, sarvadra vyAdiparimANaparicchedakAri-iti bhAvArthaH / tathAhi tatra sarvadravyANAM sarvaparyAyANAM sarvajIvavizeSANAM ca parimANamupavarNyate / -abhidhAna rAjendra : caturtha bhAga, pR0 2515 2. antaraMga zakti, sAmarthya, parAkrama /

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Agama vicAra meM vivecana hai / ' pada-parimANa sATha lAkha hai / 5. jJAnapravAda pUrva-mati Adi pAMca prakAra ke jJAna kA vistArapUrvaka vizleSaNa hai / pada-parimANa eka kama eka karor3a hai / 23 2 6. satya - pravAda pUrva--- satya kA artha saMyama kA vacana hai / unakA vistArapUrvaka sUkSmatA se isameM vivecana hai / padaparimANa chaH adhika eka karor3a hai / 7. prAtma-pravAda pUrva - prAtmA yA jIva kA naya-bheda se aneka prakAra varNana hai / pada-parimANa chabbIsa karor3a hai / 8. karma-pravAda pUrva - jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga, pradeza Adi bhedoM kI dRSTi se vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / pada-parimANa eka karor3a chiyAsI hajAra hai / - 9. pratyAkhyAna pUrva - bheda-prabheda sahita pratyAkhyAna tyAga kA vivecana hai / pada-parimANa caurAsI lAkha hai / 10. vidyAnupravAda pUrva - aneka atizaya - camatkAra - yukta vidyAoM kA, unake anurUpa sAdhanoM kA tathA siddhiyoM kA varNana hai / pada-parimANa eka karor3a daza lAkha hai / 11. avandhya pUrva - vandhya zabda kA artha niSphala hotA hai / niSphala na honA pravandhya hai / isameM niSphala na jAne vAle zubha - phalAtmaka jJAna, tapa, saMyama Adi kA tathA 1. yad vastu loke'sti dharmAstikAyAdi, yacca nAsti kharazRMgAdi tatpravadatItyastinAstipravAdam / athavA sarvaM vastu svarUpeNAsti, pararUpeNa nAstIti zrastinAstipravAdam / - abhidhAna rAjendra ; caturtha bhAga, pR0 2515 2. satyaM saMyamo vacanaM vA tatsatyasaMyamaM vacanaM vA prakarSeNa saprapaMcaM vadatIti satyapravAdam / - prabhidhAna rAjendra ; caturtha bhAga, pR0 2515

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jainAgama digdarzana azubha phalAtmaka pramAda Adi kA nirUpaNa hai / pada parimANa chabbIsa karor3a hai| 12. prANAyu-pravAda pUrva-prANa arthAt pAMca indriya, mAnasa Adi tIna bala, ucchavAsa-niHzvAsa tathA Ayu kA bheda prabheda sahita vizleSaNa hai / pada-parimANa eka karor3a chappana lAkha hai| 13. kriyA-pravAda pUrva-kAyika Adi kriyAoM kA, saMyamAtmaka kriyAoM kA tathA svAcchAnda kriyAoM kA vizAla vipula vivecana hai / pada-parimANa nau karor3a hai| 14. loka bindusAra pUrva-loka meM yA zruta-loka meM akSara ke Upara lage vinda kI taraha jo sarvottama tathA sarvAkSarasannipAta labdhi hai, usa jJAna kA varNana hai|' pada parimANa sAr3he bAraha karor3a hai| cUlikAeM cUlikAeM pUrvo kA pUraka sAhitya hai| inheM parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata tathA anuyoga (dRSTivAda ke bhedoM) meM ukta aura anukta artha kI saMgrAhikA grantha-paddhatiyAM kahA gayA hai| dRSTivAda ke ina bhedoM meM jina-jina viSayoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, una-una viSayoM meM vivecita mahatvapUrNa arthoM-tathyoM tathA katipaya avivecita arthoM-prasaMgA kA ina cUlikAoM meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ina cUlikAoM kA pUrva vAGamaya meM vizeSa mahatva hai| ye cUlikAeM zrata rUpI parvata para coTiyoM kI taraha suzobhita haiN|| 1. loke jagati zrutaloke vA akSarasyopari binduriva sAra sarvottamaM sarvAkSarasannipAtalabdhihetutvAt lokabindusAram / -prabhidhAna rAjendra ; caturtha mAga, pR0 2515. 2. yathA merau cUlAH, tatra cUlA iva dRSTivAde parikarmasUtrapUrvAnuyogoktAnuktAtha-- saMgrahaparA pranyapaddhatayaH / bahI : pR0 2515

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pAgama vicAra cUlikAyoM kI saMkhyA pUrvagata ke antargata caturdaza pUrvo meM prathama cAra pUrvo kI cUlikAeM haiN| drazna upasthita hotA hai, dRSTivAda ke bhedoM meM pUrvagata eka bheda hai| usameM caturdaza pUrvo kA samAveza hai| una pUrvo maiM se cArautpAda,agrayaNIya,vIrya-pravAda tathA asti-nAsti-pravAda para cUlikAe~ haiN| isa prakAra inakA sambandha ina cAra pUNe se hotA hai / parikarma,sUtra, pUrvagata aura anuyoga meM ukta anukta arthoM-viSayoM kI saMgrAhikA ke rUpa meM bhI inakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / usakI saMgati kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai? vibhAjana yA vyavasthApana kI dRSTi se pUrvo ko dRSTivAda ke bhedoM ke antargata pUrvagata meM liyA gayA hai / vastutaH unameM samagrazru ta kI avatAraNA hai; ataH parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata tathA anuyoga ke viSaya bhI maulikatayA unameM anusyUta haiM hii| ___ cAra pUrvo ke sAtha cUlikAoM kA jo sambandha hai, usakA abhiprAya hai ki ina cAra pUrvo ke sandarbha meM ina culikAoM dvArA sRSTivAda ke sabhI viSayoM kA, jo vahA~ vistRta yA saMkSipta vyAkhyAta haiM, kucha kama vyAkhyAta haiM, kucha kevala sAMketika haiM, vizadarUpeNa vyAkhyAta nahIM haiM, saMgraha hai| isakA Azaya hai ki cUlikAoM meM dRSTivAda ke sabhI viSaya sAmAnyataH sAMketika haiM. para, vizeSataH jo viSaya parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata tathA anuyoga meM vizadatayA vyAkhyAta nahIM haiM, unakA inameM prastutokaraNa hai| pahale pUrva ko cAra, dUsare ko bAraha, tIsare kI pATha tathA cauthe kI daza cUlikAe~ mAnI gayI haiM / isa prakAra kula 4+12+8+10=34 cUlikAeM haiN| vastu-vAGmaya cUlikAoM ke sAtha-sAtha 'vastu' saMjJaka eka aura vAGamaya hai, jo pUrvo kA vizleSaka yA vivardhaka hai| ise pUrvAntargata adhyayanasthAnIya granthoM ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai / ' zrotAoM kI apekSA se 1. pUrvAntargateSu adhyayanasthAnIyeSu granyavizeSeSu / -prabhidhAna rAjendra, SaSTha bhAga, pR0 879

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26 jainAgama digdarzana sUkSma jIvAdi bhAva-nirUpaNa meM bhI 'vastu' zabda abhihita hai|' aisA bhI mAnA jA jAtA hai, saba dRSTiyoM ko isameM avatAraNA hai / / pUrva-viccheda-kAla zvetAmbara-mAnyatA ke anusAra prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke dehAvasAna ke sAtha antima cAra pUrvo kA viccheda ho gayA jo unheM sUtrAtmaka rUpa meM prApta the, arthAtmaka rUpa meM nhiiN| tadanantara daza pUrvo kI paramparA Arya vajra taka calatI rhii| nandI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra Arya vajra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 18 veM paTTadhara the| unakA dehAvasAna vIra-nirvANAbda 584 meM mAnA jAtA haiN| Arya vajra ke svargavAsa ke sAtha dazama pUrva vicchinna ho gyaa| anuyoga kA artha anuyoga zabda anu aura yoga ke saMyoga se banA hai| anu apasarga yahA~ prAnukUlyArthavAcaka hai| sUtra (jo saMkSipta hotA hai) kA, artha (jo vistIrNa hotA hai) ke sAtha anukUla, anurUpa yA susaMgata saMyoga anuyoga kahA jAtA hai| prAgamoM ke vizleSaNa tathA vyAkhyAna ke prasaMga meM prayukta viSaya-vizeSa kA dyotaka hai / anuyoga cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta kiye gaye haiM: 1. caraNakaraNAnuyoga.4 2. dharmakathAnuyoga, 3. gaNitAnuyoga tathA 4. dravyAnuyoga / 5 AgamoM meM ina cAra anuyogoM kA vivecana hai / kahIM vistAra se varNita hue haiM aura kahIM saMkSepa 1. zrotrapekSayA sUkSmajIvAdi bhAvakathane / 2. sarvadRSTInAM tatra samavatArastasya janake / abhidhAna rAjendra : caturtha bhAga, pR0 2516 3. cattAriu paNa progA, caraNe dhammagaNiyANaproge ya / daviyA'Nuproge ya tahA, jahakammaM te mahaDr3hIyA / -abhidhAna rAjendra : prathama bhAga, pR0 356 4. caraNa kA artha caryA, prAcAra yA cAritrya hai| isa sambandha meM jahAM vivecana-vizleSaNa ho, vaha caraNakaraNAnuyoga hai / 5. dravyoM ke sandarbha meM sabasatparyAyAlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa yA vizada vivecana jisameM ho, vaha dravyAnuyoga hai|

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Amama vicAra 27 se / Arya vajra taka prAgamoM meM anuyogAtmaka dRSTi se pRthaktA nahIM thii| pratyeka sUtra cAroM anuyogoM dvArA vyAkhyAta hotA thA / Avazyaka niyukti meM isa sambandha meM ullekha hai : 'kAlika zru ta (anuyogAtmaka) vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se apRthak the arthAt unameM caraNakaraNAnuyoga prabhRti anuyoga catuSTaya ke rUpa meM avibhaktatA thii| Arya vajra ke anantara kAlika zrata aura dRSTivAda kI anuyogAtmaka pRthaktA (vibhaktratA) kI gyii|" AcArya malayagiri ne isa sambandha meM sUcita kiyA hai : "taba taka sAdhu tIkSNaprajJa the; ataH anuyogAtmaka dRSTyA avibhaktarUpeNa vyAkhyA kA pracalana thA-pratyeka sUtra meM caraNakaraNAnuyoga Adi kA avibhAgapUrvaka vartana thaa|" niyukti meM jo kevala kAlika zru ta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, prAcArya malayagiri ne ise spaSTa karate hue likhA hai : "mukhyatA kI dRSTi se yahAM kAlika zru ta kA grahaNa hai, anyathA anuyogoM kA to kAlika, utkAlika Adi meM sarvatra avibhAga thA hii|" vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM isa sambandha meM vizleSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai : 'Arya vajra taka jaba anuyoga apRthak the, taba eka hI sUtra kI cAroM anuyogoM ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA hotI thii|" anuyoga vibhakta kara die jAeM, unakI pRthakkaraNa kara chaMTanI kara dI jAe, to vahAM (usa sUtra meM) ve cAroM anuyoga vyavachinna nahIM ho jAeMge? bhASyakAra samAdhAna dete haiM ki "jahAM kisI eka sUtra kI 1. jAvaMta prajja vairA apahuttaM kAliprANuprogassa / teraNAreNa puhuttaM kAlima suma diTThivAyaM ya / / -prAvazyaka niyukti - 763 2. yAvadAryavajrA-pArvavanasvAmino mukho mahAmatayastAvatkAlikAnuyogasya kAlikazrutavyAkhyAnasyApRthaktvaM-pratisUtraM caraNakaraNAnuyogAdInAmavibhAgena vartamAsIt, tadA sAdhUnAM tIkSNaprajJatvAt / kAlikagrahaNaM prAdhAnyakhyApanArtham, anyathA sarvAnuyogasyApRthaktvamAsIt / -prAvazyaka niyukti : pR0 383, prakA0 prAgamodaya samiti,

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28 jainAgama digdarzana vyAkhyA cAroM anuyogoM meM hotI thI vahAM cAroM meM se amuka anuyoga ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA kiye jAne kA vahAM prAzaya hai zrArya rakSita dvArA vibhAjana anuyoga-vibhAjana kA kArya zrArya rakSita dvArA sampAdita huA / ArakSita vajra ke paTTAdhikArI the / ve mahAn prabhAvaka the, devendroM dvArA abhipUjita the / unhoMne yuga kI viSamatA ko dekhate hue kahAM, kaunasA anuyoga vyAkhyeya hai, isakA mukhyatA kI dRSTi se cAra prakAra se vibhAjana kiyA- sUtra -granthoM ko cAra anuyogoM meM bAMTA / ' 1 Arya rakSita ne ziSya puSyamitra - durbalikA puSyamitra ko, jo mati, 'medhA' aura dhAraNa Adi samagra guNoM se yukta the, kaSTa se zrutArNava ko dhAraNa karate dekha kara, atizaya jJAnopayoga dvArA yaha jAnA ki loga kSetra aura kAla ke prabhAva se bhaviSya meM mati, medhA aura dhAraNA se parihIna hoNge| una para anugraha karate hue unhoMne kAlika pradizruta ke vibhAga dvArA anuyoga kiye / 6 1. puhutte prabhoge cattAri duvAra mAsae ego ! hutAogakaraNe te prattha tamro vivocchinnA // kiM varehi puhuttaM kayamaha tadaNaMtarehi bhariNayammi / tadatarehiM tadamihiya gahiya suttatthasarihiM || devidavaM diehiM mahANubhAvehi rakkhiyajjehaM / jugamAsajja vibhatto raNabhogo to kabhI cauhA // vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : 2286-88 2. mati = pravabodha-zakti 3. medhA pATha-zakti -- -- 4. dhAraNA = avadhAraNA zakti 5. aidaMyugIna puruSAnugrahabuddha, yA caraNakaraNa dravya dharmakathA gariNatAnuyoga bhedAccaturdhA / sUtrakRtAMgaTIkA, upodghAta - 6. nAUNa rakkhiyajjo maimehAdhAraraNAsabhagApi / kiccheNa ghare mAraNaM suyAvaM pUsamittaM ti // utternut progo maimehAghAraNAiparihINe / nAU gamesa purise khettaM kAlAraNabhAvaM ca // sAnuggahoroge vIsu kAsI ya suyavibhAge NaM // - - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : 2286.61

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Agama vicAra vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke vRttikAra maladhArI hemacandra ne 2511vIM gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM prasaMgopAttatayA yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki "durbalikA puSyamitra ke atirikta prArya rakSita ke tIna mukhya ziSya aura thevindhya, phalgurakSita aura goSThAmAhila / zrAcArya rakSita ne durbalikA puSyamitra ko Adeza diyA, ve vindhya ko pUrvoM kI vAcanA deM / durbalikA puSyamitra vAcanA dene lage / para punarAvRtti na kara pAne ke kAraNa navama pUrva kI unako vismRti hone lagI / prAcArya rakSita ko usa samaya lagA, aise buddhizAlI vyakti ko bhI yadi sUtrArtha vismRta hone lage haiM, taba bhaviSya meM aura adhika kaThinAI utpanna ho jAyegI / unhoMne isa vivazatA se prerita hokara pRthak-pRthak anuyogoM kI vyavasthA kI / " anuyogoM ke AdhAra para sUtroM kA vibhAjana nimnAMkita prakAra se huA : ' 1. prathama -- caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM kAlika zruta- gyAraha aMga, mahAkalpa zruta tathA cheda sUtra / 2. dvitIya - dharmakathAnuyoga meM RSibhASita / 3. tRtIya - gaNitAnuyoga meM sUryaprajJapti Adi / 4. caturtha - dravyAnuyoga meM dRSTivAda / 26 AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA meM aneka srotoM se yaha vidita hotA hai ki candragupta maurya ke rAjya bAraha varSoM kA bhISaNa durbhikSa par3A / janatA annAdi khAdya padArthoM ke prabhAva meM trAhi-trAhi karane lagI / bhikSopajIvI zramaNoM ko bhI 1. kAliyasuyaM ca isimAsiyAI taimA ya sUrapannatI / savvo ya divAmro cautthamro hoi zraNuprogo // jaM ca mahAkappasuyaM jANi zra se sAriNa cheyasuttANi / caraNakararaNA progo tti kAliyatthe uvagayANi // vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : 2264-65

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30 jainAgama digdarzana taba bhikSA kahAM se prApta hotI ? sthavirAvalI meM isa sambandha meM ullekha hai : "vaha daSkAla kAlarAtri ke samAna karAla thaa| sAdhusaMgha (bhikSApUrvaka) jIvana nirvAha hetu samudrataTa para calA gyaa| adhIta kA guNana-yAvRtti na kiye jAne ke kAraNa sAdhuoM kA zruta vismRta ho gyaa| abhyAsa na karate rahane se medhAvI janoM dvArA kiyA gayA adhyayana bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / duSkAla kA anta huA / sArA sAdhu-saMgha pATaliputra meM milA / jisa-jisa ko jo aMga, adhyayana, uddezaka Adi smaraNa the, unheM saMkalita kiyA gyaa| bArahaveM aga dRSTivAda kA saMkalana nahIM ho skaa| saMgha ko cintA huI / AcArya bhadrabAhu caturdaza pUrvadhara the| ve nepAla meM sAdhanA kara rahe the / zrIsaMgha ne unheM bulAne ke lie do muni bheje|"' prAcArya haribhadra ke prAkRta upadeza pada tathA Avazyaka cUrNi meM bhI isI taraha kA varNana hai| nIranidhi athavA samudra-taTa para sAdhuoM ke jAne ke ullekha se zramaNa-saMgha ke dakSiNI samudra-taTa yA dakSiNa deza jAne kI kalpanA kI .1. itazca tasmin duSkAle, karAle kAlarAtrivat / nirvAhArthaM sAdhusaMvastIraM nIranidheryayau // praguNyamAnaM tu tadA, sAdhUnAM vismRtaM zrutam / anabhyasanato nazyatyadhItaM dhImatAmapi / saMgho'tha pATaliputre, duSkAlAnte'khilo'milat / yadaMgAdhyayanoddezAdyAsId yasya tadAdikam // tatazcaikAdazAAni zrIsaMgho'melayattadA / dRSTivAdanimitta ca, tasthau kiMcid vicintayan // nepAladezamArgasthaM, bhadrabAhu ca pUrviNam / jJAtvA saMghaH samAhvAtu tata: preSInmunidvayam // -sthavirAvalI caritam : 955-56 jAmo pratammi samaye dukkAlo do ya dasama vrisaarinn| savvo sAhusamUho gayo tamro jalahitIresu // taduvarame so puNaravi pADaliputte samAgamo vihiyA / saMgheNaM suyavisayA ciMtA ki kassa pratthe ti|| jaM jassa prAmi pAse uddesajjhayaNamAisaMghaDiu / taM savvaM ekkArassa maMgAI taheva tthviyaaii||

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-Agama vicAra 31 jAtI hai / kintu, nIranidhi se dakSiNI samudra taTa hI kyoM liyA jAe ? usase baMgopasAgara (baMgAla kI khAr3I) bhI liyA jA sakatA hai, jisa ke taTa para ur3IsA kI eka lambI paTTI avasthita hai, jahAM jaina dharma kA saMcAra ho cukA thA / bhadrabAhu dvArA pUrvo kI vAcanA prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke pAsa zrIsaMgha kA pradeza phuNcaa| ve mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM nirata the / unake lie pATaliputra A pAnA sambhava nahIM thA / usase unakI sAdhanA vyAhata hotI thI / unhoMne svIkRti dI ki vahAM rahate hue ve samAgata adhyayanArthiyoM ko pUrvoM ko vAcanA de sakeMge - pradhyApana karA skeNge| kahA jAtA hai, tadanusAra zrIsaMgha ne pandraha sau zramaNoM ko nepAla bhejA / unameM pAMca sau vidyArthI zramaNa the tathA pratyeka adhyayanArthI zramaNa ke khAna-pAna Adi Avazyaka kAryoM kI vyavasthA, paricaryA Adi ke hetu do-do zramaNa niyukta the / isa prakAra kula eka hajAra paricAraka zramaNa the / prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne vAcanA denA prArambha kiyA / uttarottara vAcanA calate rahane meM kaThinAI sAmane Ane lagI / dRSTivAda pUrva jJAna kI atyadhika durUhatA va jaTilatA tathA tadanurUpa ( tadapekSa) bauddhika kSamatA va dhAraNA-zakti kI nyUnatAke kAraNa adhyayanArthI zramaNa parizrAnta hone lage / antataH ve ghabarA gaye / unakA sAhasa TUTa gayA / sthUlabhadra ke atirikta koI bhI zramaNa adhyayana meM nahIM Tika sakA / sthUlabhadra ne apane adhyayana kA krama nirabAdha cAlU rakhA / daza pUrvo - kA sUtrAtmaka tathA arthAtmaka jJAna unheM adhigata ho gyaa| Age adhyayana cala hI rahA thA / isa bIca eka ghaTanA ghaTa gayI / unakI -bahineM jo sAdhviyA~ thI, zramaNa bhAI kI zru tArAdhanA dekhane ke liye AI | sthUlabhadra ise pahale hI jAna gaye / bahinoM ko camatkAra dikhAne ke hetu vidyA-bala se unhoMne siMha kA rUpa banA liyA / bahineM bhaya se ThiThaka gaIM / sthUlabhadra tatkSaNa asalI rUpa meM A gaye / bahineM cakita ho gayIM /

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32 jainAgama digdarzana AcArya bhadrabAhu ne saba kucha jAna liyaa| ve vidyA ke dvArA bAhya camatkAra dikhAne ke pakSa meM nahIM the; ataH isa ghaTanA se ve sthUla bhadra para bahuta ruSTa huye| Age vAcanA denA banda kara diyA / sthUlabhadra ne kSamA maaNgii| bahata anunaya-vinaya kiyaa| taba unhoMne Age ke cAra pUrvo kA jJAna kevala sUtra rUpa meM diyA, artha nahIM batalAyA / sthUlabhadra ko caturdaza pUrvo kA pATha to jJAta ho gayA, para, ve artha daza hI pUrvo kA jAna pAye; ataH unheM pATha kI dRSTi se caturdaza pUrvadhara aura artha kI dRSTi se daza pUrvadhara kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra artha kI dRSTi se bhadrabAhu ke anantara cAra pUrvo kA viccheda ho gyaa| prathama vAcanA ke adhyakSa evaM nirdezaka gyAraha aMgoM kA saMkalana pATaliputra meM sampanna huaa| ise prathama Agama-vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| isakI vidhivat adhyakSatA yA netRtva kisane kiyA, spaSTa jJAta nahIM hotA / prAcArya bhadrabAhu viziSTa yoga sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM nepAla gaye huye the; ataH unakA netRtva to sambhava thA hI nhiiN| bhadrabAhu ke bAda sthUlabhadra kI hI saba dRSTiyoM se varIyatA abhimata hai| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai, prAcArya bhadrabAhu jaba nepAla jAne lage hoM, unhoMne saMgha kA adhinAyakatva sthUlabhadra ko sauMpa diyA ho| adhikatama yahI sambhAvanA hai, prathama Agama-vAcanA sthUlabhadra ke netRtva meM huI ho| dvitIya vAcanA--mAthurI bAcanA Avazyaka cUNi ke anusAra prAgamoM kI prathama vAcanA vIranirvANa ke 160 varSa pazcAt huii| usameM gyAraha aMga saMkalita he| garu-ziSya krama se ve zatAbdiyoM taka cAlU rahe, para, phira vIranirvANa ke lagabhaga paune sAta zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAt aisI sthiti utpanna huI ki AgamoM ke punaH saMkalana kA udyoga karanA pdd'aa| kahA jAtA hai, taba bAraha varSoM kA bhayAnaka dubhikSa pdd'aa| loka-jIvana asta-vyasta ho gyaa| logoM ko khAne ke lAle par3a gye| zramaNoM para bhI usakA pratikUla prabhAva pdd'aa| khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana,

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pAgama vicAra Adi kI anukUlatA miTa gyii| zrAmaNya meM sthira raha pAnA atyadhika kaThina ho gyaa| aneka , zramaNa kAla-kavalita ho gye| nandI cUNi meM isa sambandha meM ullekha hai-grahaNa, guNana, anuprekSA Adi ke prabhAva meM zru ta naSTa ho gyaa| kucha kA kahanA hai, zru ta naSTa nahIM huA, adhikAMza zruta-vettA naSTa ho gye| hArda lagabhaga samAna hI hai| kisI bhI prakAra se ho, zruta-zRMkhalA vyAhata ho gyii| durbhikSa kA samaya biitaa| samAja kI sthiti sudhrii| jo zramaNa baca pAye the, unheM cintA huI ki zruta kA saMrakSaNa kaise kiyA jAye ? usa samaya prAcArya skandila yuga-pradhAna the| unakA yugapradhAnatva-kAla itihAsa-vettAoM ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa 827-840 mAnA gayA hai| nandI sthavirAvalI meM prAcArya skandila kA ulelkha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anantara cauvIsaveM sthAna para hai| nandIkAra ne unakI prazasti meM kahA hai ki "Aja jo anuyoga-zAstrIya arthaparamparA bhArata meM pravRtta hai, vaha unhIM kI dena hai| ve parama yazasvI the| nagara-nagara meM unakI kIti parivyApta thii|" nandI sUtra devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa dvArA viracita mAnA jAtA hai| ve antima Agama-vAcanA (tRtIya vAcanA) ke adhyakSa the| devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne prAcArya skandila ke anuyoga ke bhArata meM pravRtta rahane kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne apane netRtva meM samAyojita vAcanA meM yadyapi pichalI donoM (mAthurI aura vAlabhI) vAcanAoM ko dRSTigata rakhA thA, phira bhI prAcArya skandila kI (mAthurI) vAcanA ko mukhya AdhAra-rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA thA; ataH unake prati Adara vyakta karane kI dRSTi se unakA yaha kathana svAbhAvika hai| ___ mathurA usa samaya uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma kA mukhya kendra thaa| vahA~ prAcArya skandila ke netRtva meM Agama-vAcanA kA Ayojana huaa| Agama-vettA muni dUra-dUra se Aye / jinheM jaisA smaraNa thA, saba samanvita karate hue kAlika zru ta saMkalita kiyA gayA / usa samaya prAcArya skandila hI eka mAtra anuyogadhara the| unhoMne upasthita zramaNoM ko anuyoga kI vAcanA dii| yaha vAcanA mathurA meM dI gayI

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34 jainAgama digdarzana thI; ataH 'mAthurI vAcanA' khlaaii| isakA samaya vahI arthAt parinirvANAbda 827 aura 840 ke madhya honA cAhiye, jo AcArya skandila kA yugapravAna-kAla hai| vAlabhI vAcanA lagabhaga mAthurI vAcanA ke samaya meM hI valabhI-saurASTra meM nAgArjuna sUri ke netRtva meM eka muni-sammelana Ayojita huA, jisakA uddezya vismRta zru ta ko vyavasthita karanA thaa| upasthita maniyoM kI smRti ke AdhAra para zra toddhAra kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra jitanA upalabdha ho sakA, vaha sArA vAGmaya suvyavasthita kiyA gyaa| nAgArjuna sUri ne samAgata sAdhuoM ko vAcanA do| prAcArya nAgArjuna sUri ne isa vAcanA kI adhyakSatA yA netRtva kiyaa| unakI isameM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA thI; yaha nAgArjunIya vAcanA kahalAtI hai| valabhI kI pahalI vAcanA ke rUpa meM isakI prasiddhi hai| eka hI samaya meM do vAcanAe~ ? . kahA jAtA hai, ukta donoM vAcanAoM kA samaya lagabhaga eka hI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki eka hI samaya meM do bhinna sthAnoM para vAcanAe~ kyoM Ayojita kI gayIM ? valabhI meM Ayojita vAcanA meM jo muni ekatra hue the, ve mathurA bhI jA sakate the| isake kaI kAraNa ho sakate haiM : 1. uttara bhArata aura pazcima bhArata ke zramaNa-saMgha meM syAt kinhIM kAraNoM se mataikya nahIM ho| isalie valabhI meM sammilita hone vAle muni mathurA meM sammilita nahIM hue hoN| unakA usa (mathurA meM Ayojita) vAcanA ko samarthana na rahA ho| 2. mathurA meM hone vAlI vAcanA kI gatividhi, kAryakrama, paddhati tathA netRtva Adi se pazcima kA zramaNa-saMgha sahamata na rahA ho| 3. mAthurI vAcanA ke samApta ho jAne ke pazcAt yaha vAcanA Ayojita kI gayI ho| mAthurI vAcanA meM huA kArya pazcimI zramaNa saMgha ko pUrNa santoSajanaka na lagA ho; ataH prAgama evaM tadupa

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jainAgama vicAra 35 jIvI vAGamaya kA usase bhI utkRSTa saMkalana tathA sampAdana karane kA vizeSa utsAha unameM rahA ho aura unhoMne isa vAcanA kI prAyojanA kI ho| phalataH isameM kAlika zru ta ke atirikta aneka prakaraNa-grantha bhI saMkalita kiye gaye, vistRta pATha vAle sthaloM ko artha-saMgati pUrvaka vyavasthita kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra kI aura bhI kalpanAeM kI jA sakatI haiN| para itanA to mAnanA hogA ki koI-na-koI kAraNa aisA rahA hai, jisase samasAmayikatA yA samaya ke thor3e se vyavadhAna se ye vAcanAeM Ayojita kI gyiiN| kahA jAtA hai, ina vAcanAoM meM vAGamaya lekha-baddha bhI kiyA gyaa| donoM vAcanAoM meM saMkalita sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para pAThAntara yA vAcanA-bheda bhI dRSTigata hote haiN| grantha-saMkalana meM bhI kucha bheda rahA hai| jyotiSkaraNDaka kI TIkA' meM ullekha hai ki anuyogadvAra Adi sUtroM kA saMkalana mAthurI vAcanA ke AdhAra para kiyA gyaa| jyotiSkaraNDaka Adi grantha vAlabhI vAcanA se gRhIta haiN| upayukta donoM vAcanAoM kI sampannatA ke anantara prAcArya skandila aura nAgArjuna sUri kA paraspara milanA nahIM ho skaa| isalie donoM vAcanAoM meM saMkalita sUtroM meM yatra-tatra jo pATha-bheda cala rahA thA, usakA samAdhAna nahIM ho pAyA aura vaha eka prakAra se sthAyI bana gyaa| tRtIya vAcanA upayukta donoM vAcanAoM ke lagabhaga DeDha zatAbdI pazcAt arthAt vIra-nirvANAnantara 680veM yA 663veM varSa meM valabhI meM phira usa yuga ke mahAn AcArya aura vidvAn devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM tIsarI vAcanA Ayojita huii| ise valabhI kI dUsarI 1. pR. 41

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jainAgama digdarzana vAcanA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| zruta-srota kI satata pravahaNazIlatA ke avaruddha hone kI kucha sthitiyAM paidA huI, jisase jaina saMgha cintita huaa| sthitiyoM kA spaSTa rUpa kyA thA, kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| para, jo bhI ho, isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki zru ta ke saMrakSaNa ke hetu jaina saMgha vizeSa cintita tathA prayatnazIla thaa| pichalI DeDha zatAbdI ke antargata pratikUla samaya tathA paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa zru ta-vAGamaya kA bahuta hrAsa ho cukA hogaa| aneka pAThAntara tathA vAcanA-bheda Adi kA pracalana thA hI; ataH zru ta ke punaH saMkalana aura sampAdana kI prAvazyakatA anubhUta kiyA jAnA svAbhAvika thaa| usI kA pariNAma yaha vAcanA thii| pAThAntaroM, vAcanA-bhedoM kA samanvaya, pATha kI ekarUpatA kA nirdhAraNa, aba taka asaMkalita sAmagrI kA saMkalana Adi isa vAcanA ke mukhya lakSya the| sUtra-pATha ke sthirIkaraNa yA sthAyitva ke lie yaha saba apekSita thaa| vastutaH yaha bahuta mahatvapUrNa vAcanA thii| bhArata ke aneka pradezoM se AgamajJa, smaraNa-zakti ke dhanI munivRnda aaye| pichalI mAthurI aura vAlabhI vAcanA ke pAThAntaroM tathA vAcanA-bhedoM ko sAmane rakhate hue samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa se 1. pichalI donoM vAcanAmoM ke sAtha jisa prakAra dabhikSa kI ghaTanA jaDI hai, isa vAcanA ke sAtha bhI vaisA hI hai| samAcArI zataka meM isa sambandha meM ullekha hai ki bAraha varSa ke bhayAvaha dubhikSa ke kAraNa bahuta se sAdhu divaMgata ho gye| bahuta-sA zrata vicchinna ho gayA, taba bhavya logoM ke upakAra tathA zrata ko abhivyakti ke hetu zrIsaMgha ke anurodha se devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne (98. vIra nirvANAbda) duSkAla meM jo baca sake, una saba sAdhunoM ko valabhI meM bulaayaa| vicchinna, avaziSTa, nyUna, adhika, khaNDita, akhaNDita prAgamAlApaka unase suna buddhipUrvaka anukrama se unheM saMkalita kara pustakArUr3ha kiyaa|

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mAgama vicAra vicAra kiyA gyaa| samAgata vidvAnoM meM jina-jina ko jaisA pATha smaraNa thA, usase tulanA kI gyii| isa prakAra bahulAMzatayA eka samanvita pATha kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA skaa| prayatna karane para bhI jina pAThAntaroM kA samanvaya nahIM ho sakA, unheM TIkAoM, cUNiyoM Adi meM saMgRhIta kiyA gyaa| mUla aura TIkAoM meM isa ora saMketa' kiyA gayA hai| jo katipaya prakIrNaka kevala eka hI vAcanA meM prApta the, unheM jyoM-kA-tyoM rakha liyA gayA aura prAmANika svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| pUrvokta donoM vAcanAoM meM saMkalita vAGmaya ke atirikta jo prakaraNa-grantha vidyamAna the, unheM bhI saMkalita kiyA gyaa| yaha sArA vAGamaya lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| isa vAcanA meM yadyapi saMkalana, sampAdana Adi sArA kArya tulanAtmaka evaM samanvayAtmaka zailI se huA, para, yaha saba mukhya AdhAra mAthurI vAcanA ko mAna kara kiyA gayA / Aja aMgopAMgAdi zru ta-vAGamaya jo upalabdha hai, vaha devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM sampanna vAcanA kA saMskaraNarUpa hai| aMga-praviSTa tathA aMga-bAhya Agama-vAGamaya ko praNayana yA praNetA kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai : 1. aMga-praviSTa tathA 2. aMga-bAhya / AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM aga arthAt aMga-praviSTa tathA anaMga arthAt aMga-bAhya kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai : 'gaNadharakRta va sthivirakRta, AdezasRSTa (arthAt tIrthaMkara prarUpita tripadI-janita) va unmukta vyAkaraNa-prasUta (arthAt vizleSaNa-pratipAdanajanita) dhra va niyata va cala-aniyata; ina dvividha vizeSatAoM se yukta vAGamaya aMga-praviSTa tathA aMga-bAhya nAma se abhihita hai|"2 gaNadharakRta, Adezajanita tathA dhra va; ye 1. vAcanAntare tu puna:. nAgArjunIyAstu evaM paThanti' ityAdi dvArA saketika / 2. gaNaharatherakayaM vA pAesA mukkavAgaraNo vaa| dhuvacalavisesamo vA aMgANagesu nANatta / -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 550

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38 jainAgama digdarzana vizeSaNa aMga praviSTa se sambaddha haiM tathA sthavirakRta, unmukta vyAkaraNa prasUta aura cala; ye vizeSaNa aMga bAhya ke liye haiM / maladhArI hemacandra dvArA vyAkhyA prAcArya maladhArI hemacandra ne bhASya kI isa gAthA kA vizleSaNa karate huye likhA hai : gautama Adi gaNadharoM dvArA racita dvAdazAMga rUpa zra ta aMgapraviSTa zra ta kahA jAtA hai tathA bhadrabAhu svAmI Adi sthavira-vRddha prAcAryoM dvArA racita Avazyaka niyukti prAdi zruta aMgabAhya zru ta kahA jAtA hai| gaNadhara dvArA tIna bAra pUche jAne para tIrtha kara dvArA udgIrNa utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvya mUlaka tripadI ke AdhAra para niSpAdita dvAdazAMga zru ta aMgapraviSTa zru ta hai tathA artha-vizleSaNa yA pratipAdana ke sandarbha meM niSpanna Avazyaka Adi zru ta aMgabAhya zru ta kahA jAtA hai| dhra va yA niyata zru ta arthAt sabhI tIrtha karo ke tIrtha meM avazya hone vAlA dvAdazAMga rUpa zrata aMgapraviSTa zruta hai tathA jo sabhI tIrtha karoM ke tIrtha meM avazya ho hI, aisA nahIM hai, vaha tandulavaicArika Adi prakaraNa rUpa zru ta aMgabAhya zru ta hai| prA0 malayagiri kI vyAkhyA nandI sUtra kI TIkA meM TIkAkAra prAcArya malayagiri ne aMgapraviSTa tathA aMgabAhya zrata kI vyAkhyA karate haye likhA hai : "sarvotkRSTa zru talabdhi-sampanna gaNadhara racita mUlabhUta sUtra, jo sarvathA niyata haiM, aise AcArAMgAdi aMgapraviSTa zruta haiN| unake atirikta anya zruta-sthaviroM dvArA racita zru ta agabAhya zru ta hai|" aMgabAhya zru ta do prakAra kA hai : (1) sAmAyika Adi chaH prakAra kA Avazyaka tathA (2) tdvytirikt| Avazyaka-vyatirikta zru ta do prakAra kA hai : (1).kAlika evaM (2) utkAlika / jo zruta rAta tathA dina ke prathama prahara tathA antima prahara meM hI par3hA jAtA hai, vaha kAlika' zru ta hai tathA jo kAla velA ko vajita kara saba samaya par3hA 1. jisake liye kAla-vizeSa meM par3he jAne kI niyAmakatA nahIM hai|

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pAgama vicAra 36 jAtA hai, vaha utkAlika zru ta hai| vaha dazavaikAlika Adi aneka prakAra kA hai| unameM se katipaya granthoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. kalpa-zru ta, jo sthavirAdi kalpa kA pratipAdana karatA hai| vaha do prakAra kA hai-eka cullakalpa zru ta hai,jo alpa grantha tathA alpa artha vAlA hai| dUsarA mahAkalpa zru ta hai, jo mahAgrantha aura mahA artha vAlA hai| 2. prajJApanA, jo jIva Adi padArthoM kI prarUpaNA karatA hai| 3. pramAdApramAda adhyayana, jo pramAda-apramAda ke svarUpa kA bheda tathA vipAka kA jJApana karatA hai| 4. nandI, 5. anuyogadvAra, 6. devendrastava, 7. tandulavaicArika, 8. candrAvedhyaka, 6. sUryaprajJapti, 10. poriSImaNDala, 11. maNDala - praveza, 12. vidyAcAraNa, 13. gaNividyA, 14. dhyAnavibhakti, 15. maraNa-vibhakti, 16. prAtmavizuddhi, 17. vItarAga-zru ta, 18. saMlekhanA zru ta, 16. vihArakalpa, 20. caraNavidhi, 21. aAtura pratyAkhyAna, 22. mahApratyAkhyAna Adi / ye utkAlika zru ta ke antargata haiN| kAlika zru ta aneka prakAra kA hai : 1. uttarAdhyayana, 2. dazAkalpa, 3. vyavahAra, 4. vRhatkalpa. 5. nizItha, 6. mahAnizItha, 7. RSibhASita grantha, 8. jambUdvIpa-prajJapti, 6. dvIpasAgara-prajJapti, 10. candra-prajJapti, 11. kSullakavimAna-pravibhakti, 12. mahAvimAna pravibhakti, 13. agacUlikA, 14. vargacUlikA, 15. vivAha-cUlikA, 16. aruNopapAta, 17. varuNopapAta, 18. garuDopapAta, 16. dharaNopapAta, 20. vaizramaNopapAta, 21. vailaMdharopapAta, 22 devendropapAta, 23. utthAna-zru ta, 24. samutthAna-zru ta, 25. nAga-parijJA, 26. nirayAvaliyA, 27. kalpikA, 28 kalpAvataMsikA, 26. puSpikA, 20 puSpacUlA, 31. vRSNidazA; ityAdi caurAsI hajAra prakIrNaka grantha prathama tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabha ke samaya meM the| saMkhyAta hajAra prakIrNaka grantha bIca ke bAIsa tIrtha karoM ke samaya tathA caudaha hajAra prakIrNaka grantha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM the| jisa tIrtha kara ke autpAtikI prAdi cAra prakAra kI buddhi se yukta jitane ziSya the,

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jainAgama digdarzana unake utane hajAra grantha the / pratyekabuddha bhI utane hI hote the / yaha kAlika, utkAlika zruta 'gabAhya kahA jAtA hai / 40 'ga-praviSTa: zraMga bAhya samyaktA jaina darzana kA tatva jJAna jahA~ sUkSmatA, gambhIratA, vizadatA Adi ke lie prasiddha hai, vahAM udAratA ke lie bhI usakA vizvavAG maya meM anupama sthAna hai / vahAM kisI vastu kA mahatva kevala usake nAma para AdhRta nahIM hai, vaha usake yathAvat prayoga tathA phala para TikA hai| aMga-praviSTa aura praga- bAhaya ke sandarbha meM jina zAstroM kI carcA kI gayI hai, ve jaina paramparA ke mAnya grantha haiM / unake prati jainoM kA bar3A prAdara hai / ina granthoM kI prAdeyatA aura mahanIyatA inako grahaNa karane vAle vyaktitva para avasthita hai / yadyapi ye zAstra apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se samyak zruta haiM, para gRhItA kI dRSTi se ina para isa prakAra vicAra karanA hogA - yadi inakA gRhItA samyak dRSTi sampanna yA samyaktvI hai, to ye zAstra usake lie samyak zruta haiM aura yadi inakA gRhItA mithyAdRSTi sampRkta - mithyAtvI hai, to ye mAnya grantha bhI usake lie mithyA zruta kI koTi meM cale jAte haiM / itanA hI nahIM, jo jaina zAstra, jinheM sAmAnyataH asamyak ( mithyA ) zrata kahA jAtA hai, yadi samyaktvI dvArA parigRhIta hote haiM, to ve usake lie samyak zruta kI koTi meM prA jAte haiM / isa tathya kA vizeSAvazyaka bhASyakAra ne tathA Avazyaka niyukti ke vivaraNakAra prAcArya malayagiri ne bar3e spaSTa zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai / " 1. ( ka ) bhagANagaM paviTTha sammasuyaM loiyaM tu micchrayaM / prAsajja u sAmittaM loiya louttare bhayaNA || - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 537( kha ) - samyak zrutam - - purANa rAmAyaNa bhAratAdi, sarvameva vA darzanaparigrahavizeSAt samyak zrutamitarad vA, tathAhi-- samyagdRSTI sarvamapi zrutaM samyak tama heyopAdeyazAstrANAM heyopAdeyatayA parijJAnAt, mithyAdRSTo savaM midhyAzrutam viparyayAt / -- prAvazyaka niyuktiH pR0 47, prakA0 prAgamodaya samiti bambaI

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prAgama vicAra gRhItA kA vaiziSTya pratyeka padArtha astitva-dharmA hai / vaha apane svarUpa meM adhiSThita hai, apane svarUpa kA pratyAyaka hai / usake sAtha saMyojita hone vAle acche bure vizeSaNa para sApekSa haiM / arthAt dUsaroM - apane bhinna-bhinna prayoktAoM yA gRhItAoM kI apekSA se usameM samyak yA asamyak vyavahAra hotA hai / prayoktA yA gRhItA dvArA apanI AsthA yA vizvAsa ke anurUpa prayoga hotA hai / yadi prayoktA kA mAnasa vikRta hai, usakI AsthA vikRta hai, vicAra dUSita hai, to vaha acche se acche kathita prasaMga kA bhI jaghanyatama upayoga kara sakatA hai; kyoMki vaha usake yathArtha svarUpa kA zraM kana nahIM kara pAtA / jise burA kahA jAtA hai, usake gRhItA kA viveka udbuddha aura prAsthA satparAyaNa hai, to usake dvArA usakA jo upayoga hotA hai, usase acchAiyA~ hI phalita hotI haiM, kyoMki usakI buddhi sadgrAhiNI hai / 4ra jaina darzana kA tatva - cintana isI Adarza para pratiSThita hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki praviSTa zruta aura pragabAhya zruta jaise prArSa vAGmayako mithyA zruta taka kahane meM hicakicAhaTa nahIM hotI, yadi ve mithyAtvI dvArA parigRhIta haiM / vAstavikatA yaha hai, jisakA darzanavizvAsa mithyAtva para TikA hai, vaha usI ke anurUpa usakA upayoga karegA arthAt usake dvArA kiyA gayA upayoga mithyAtva - samvalita hogA / usase jIvana kI pavitratA nahIM sadhegI / mithyAtva - grasta vyakti ke kAryakalApa zrAtma-sAdhaka na ho kara anAtma paraka hote haiM / isaliye samyak zruta bhI usake liye mithyA zruta hai / yahI apekSA samyaSTi dvArA gRhIta mithyA zruta ke sambandha meM hotI hai / samyaktvI ke kArya-kalApa samyak yA zrAtma-sAdhaka, svapariSkAraka tathA buddhimUlaka hote haiN| vaha kisI bhI zAstra kA upayoga apane hita meM kara letA hai / yaha ThIka hI hai, aise puruSa ke liye mithyA zruta bhI samyak zruta kA kAma karatA hai| jaina tatva- cintana kA yaha vaha vareNya pakSa hai, jo pratyeka Atma-sAdhaka ke lie samAdhAna kAraka hai /

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42. jainAgama digdarzana aMga praviSTa tathA aMga bAhya ke rUpa meM jina prAgama-granthoM kI carcA kI gayI hai, unameM kucha upalabdha nahIM haiN| jo upalabdha haiM, unameM kucha niyuktiyoM ko sannihita kara zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya 45 Agama-granthoM ko pramANa-bhUta mAnatA hai| ve aMga, upAMga, cheda tathA mUla Adi ke rUpa meM vibhakta haiN|

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paiMtAlIsa prAgama aMga-saMjJA kyoM ? artha rUpa meM (tri padyAtmakatayA) tIrthaMkara prarUpita tathA gaNadhara grathita vAGamaya aMga vAGamaya ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| ise aMga nAma se kyoM abhihita kiyA gayA? yaha prazna svAbhAvika hai| uttara bhI spaSTa hai| zruta kI puruSa ke rUpa meM kalpanA kI gyii| jisa prakAra eka puruSa ke aMga hote haiM, usI prakAra zru ta-puruSa ke aMgoM ke rUpa meM bAraha pAgamoM ko svIkAra kiyA gyaa| kahA gayA hai : "zru ta-puruSa ke pAdadvaya, jaMghAdvaya, Urudvaya, gAtra dvaya-deha kA agravartI tathA pRSThavartI bhAga, bAhudvaya, grIvA tathA mastaka (pAda 2 + jaMghA 2 + Uru 2 + gAtrAddha 2+bAha 2+ grIvA 1+mastaka 1 = 12), ye bAraha aMga haiM / inameM jo praviSTa haiM, aMgatvena avasthita haiM, ve Agama zra ta-puruSa ke aMga haiN|"1 bArahavAM aMga dRSTivAda vicchinna ho gyaa| isa samaya gyAraha aMga prApta haiN| 1. prAyArAMga (prAcArAMga) prAcArAMga meM zramaNa ke prAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha do zru ta-skandhoM meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka zruta-skandha kA adhyayanoM tathA 1. iha puruSasya dvAdaza agAni bhavanti / tadyathA-dvau pAdo, dve jaMghe, dve UruNI, dve gAtrArddha, dvau bAhU, grIvA, zirazca evaM zrutapuruSasyApi paramapuruSasyAcArAdIni dvAdazAMgAni krameNa veditavyAni / tathA coktam pAyadurga jaMghoru gApradugaddha tu do ya bAhU ya / gIvA siraM ca puriso bArasa agesu ya pvittttho| zrutapuruSasyAMgeSu praviSTa maMgapraviSTam / aMgabhAvena vyavasthite zruta bhede " / --abhidhAna rAjendra, bhAga 1, pR0 38

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44 jainAgama digdarzana pratyeka adhyayana kA uddezoM yA cUlikAoM meM vibhAjana hai / prathama zru ta-skandha meM nau adhyayana evaM cauvAlIsa uddeza haiM / dvitIya zrutaskandha meM tIna cUlikAeM haiM, jo 16 adhyayanoM meM vibhAjita haiN| bhASA, racanA-zailI, viSaya-nirUpaNa Adi kI dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki prathama zruta-skandha bahuta prAcIna hai| adhikAMzatayA yaha gadya meM racita hai| bIca bIca meM yatra-tatra padyoM kA bhI prayoga huaA hai / arddhamAgadhI prAkRta ke bhASAtmaka adhyayana tathA usake svarUpa ke avabodha ke lie yaha racanA bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma mahAparijJA nidiSTa kiyA gayA hai, para, usakA pATha prApta nahIM hai| ise vyuchinna mAnA jAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai, isameM katipaya camatkArI vidyAoM kA samAveza thaa| lipibaddha ho jAne se adhikArI, anadhikArI; saba ke lie ve sulabha ho jAtI haiN| anadhikArI yA apAtra ke pAsa unakA jAnA ThIka na samajha zrI devaddhigaNo kSamAzramaNa ne Agama-lekhana ke samaya isa adhyayana ko chor3a diyaa| yaha eka kalpanA hai| vastusthiti kyA rahI, kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| ho sakatA hai, bAda meM isa adhyayana kA viccheda ho gayA ho| ___ navama upadhAna adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tapasyA kA mArmika aura romAMcakArI varNana vahAM unake lAr3ha (bardavAna jilA), vajrabhUmi (mAnabhUma aura siMhabhUma jile) tathA zubhra bhUmi (koDaramA, hajArIbAga kA kSetra) meM bihAra-paryaTana tathA prajJa janoM dvArA kiye gaye vividha prakAra ke ghora upasarga-kaSTa sahana karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ghora tapasvI tathA apratima kaSTa sahiSNu jIvana kA jo lekhA-jokhA isa adhyayana meM milatA hai, vaha anyatra kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai| dvitIya zru taskandha : racanA : kalevara dvitIya zruta-skandha meM zramaNa ke liye nirdezita vratoM va tatsambandhI bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa, bhikSu-caryA, AhAra-pAnazuddhi,zara yAsaMstaraNa-grahaNa, vihAra-caryA, cAturmAsya-pravAsa, bhASA, vastra, pAtra

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paitAlIsa prAgama 45 Adi upakaraNa, mala-mUtra-visarjana Adi ke sambandha meM niyama-upaniyama Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki mahAkalpazra ta nAmaka prAcArAMga ke nizIthAdhyayana kI racanA pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtoya AcAra-vastu ke bIsaveM prAbhUta ke AdhAra para huI hai / AcArAMga vAstava meM dvAdazAMgAtmaka vAGamaya meM sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa hai| "agANaM ki sAro ? AyAro" jaise kathana isake paricAyaka haiN| darzana prAcArAMga kA prArambha darzana ke mUlabhUta prazna se hotA hai| vaha mUlabhUta prazna hai, AtmA yA astitvvaad| AcArAMga prathama zru taskandha, prathama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM hI astitvavAda kI saMkSipta, sudRr3ha evaM manogrAhI sthApanA kI gaI hai| pAThaka mUlasparzI Ananda kI anubhUti pA sakeM tathA 'tandula nyAyena' samagra prAcArAMga kI bhAva-bhASA kA prAbhAsa bhI pA sakeM; ataH vaha maulika prasaMga yathAvat yahAM samuddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai| "suyaM me pAusaM ! te raNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-ihamegesi no saNNA bhavai, taMjahApurasthimAno vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, dAhiragApro vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, paccatthimAno vA disAmro prAgo ahamaMsi, uttarAno vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, uDDhAmo vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, ahe vA disAno Ago ahama si, praNayarIno vA disAmro Ago ahamaMsi, praNa disAno vA pAgano ahmNsi|" AyuSman ! maiMne sunA hai / bhagavAna ne yaha kahA-isa jagat meM kucha manuSyoM ko yaha saMjJA nahIM hotI, jaise-maiM pUrva dizA se pAyA hUM, 1. prAcArAMga niyukti, 261

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46 jainAgama digdarzana athavA dakSiNa dizA se AyA hUM, athavA pazcima dizA se AyA hUM, athavA uttara dizA se AyA hUM, athavA Urdhva dizA se AyA hUM, athavA aghodizA se AyA hUM, athavA kisI anya dizA se pAyA hUM, athavA anudizA se AyA huuN| . "evamegesi yo raNAtaM bhavati-asthi me pAyA provavAie, ragatthi me pAyA provavAie, ke ahaM prAsI ? ke vA ino cuno iha peccA bhavissAmi ?" __isI prakAra kucha manuSyoM ko yaha jJAta nahIM hotA-merI AtmA punarjanma nahIM lene vAlI hai, athavA mero AtmA punarjanma lene vAlI hai| maiM pichale janma meM kauna thA ? maiM yahAM se cyuta hokara agale janma meM kyA hoUgA ? "sejjaM puraNa jANejjA-sahasammuiyAe, paravAgaraNeNaM, aNNesi vA pratie soccA, taM jahApurathimAno vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, dakkhiraNApro vA dizAmro prAgo ahamaMsi, paccatthimAo vA disAo pAgo ahamasi, uttarAno vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, uDDhAmo vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, ahe vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, aNNayarImo vA disAno Ago ahamaMsi, aNa disAno yA Ago ahamaMsi / " koI manuSya 1. pUrva janma kI smRti se, 2. para (pratyakSa jJAnI) ke nirUpaNa se, athavA 3. anya (pratyakSa jJAnI ke dvArA zru ta vyakti) ke pAsa sunakara, yaha jAna letA hai, jaise maiM pUrva dizA se AyA haM, athavA dakSiNa dizA se AyA hUM, athavA pazcima dizA se AyA hUM, athavA uttara dizA se AyA hUM, athavA Urdhva dizA se AyA hUM, athavA adho dizA se AyA hUM, athavA kisI anya dizA se AyA hUM, athavA anudizA se AyA hN|| "evamegesi jaM raNAtaM bhavai-asthi me AyA aovvaaie| jo imAno dizAmro aNu disAno vA aNa saMcarai, savvApro disAmo savvApro aNu disAyo jo prAgagro aNa saMcarai sohaM / "

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paiMtAlIsa prAgama isI prakAra kucha manuSyoM ko yaha jJAta hotA hai- merI AtmA punarjanma lene vAlI hai, jo ina dizAoM aura anudizAoM meM anusaMcaraNa karatI hai, jo saba dizAoM aura saba anudizAoM se Akara anusaMcaraNa karatA hai, vaha maiM huuN| "se pAyAvAI, logavAI, kaymavAI, kiriyaavaaii|" ___ jo anusaMcaraNa ko jAna letA hai, vaho AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA astitvavAda manuSya va anya jaMgama prANiyoM taka sImita nahIM thaa| usameM sthAvara prANiyoM ke astitva ko bhI utanI hI dRr3hatA se svIkArA gayA hai, jitanA jaMgama prANiyoM ke astitva ko| vahAM pRthvI, ap, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ke jIvana kI bhI mukta carcA hai, jo lagabhaga jaina darzana kI apanI maulika mAnyatA hI mAnI jA sakatI hai| isI AcArAMga ke vanaspati nirUpaNa meM kahA gayA hai : "se bemi-appege aMdhamanme, appege aNdhmcche|" vanaspatikAyika jIva janmanA indriya-vikala, aMgha,badhira, mUka, paMgu aura avayava-hIna manuSya kI bhAMti avyakta cetanA vAlA hotA hai| zastra se bhedana-chedana karane para jaise janmanA indriya-vikala manuSya ko kaSTAnubhUti hotI hai, vaise hI vanaspatikAyika jIva ko hotI hai| "appege pAyamanme, appege pAyamacche / " indriya-sampanna manuSya ke paira Adi kA zastra se bhedana-chedana karane para use prakaTa karane meM akSama kaSTAnubhUti hotI hai, vaise hI vanaspati ko hotI hai| "appege saMpamArae, appege uddve|" . . manuSya ko mUcchita karane yA usakA prANa-viyojana karane para use jo kaSTAnubhUti hotI hai, vaise hI vanaspatikAyika jIva ko hotI hai|

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4 nAgama digdarzana " se bemi - imapi jAidhammayaM, eyaMpi jAidhammayaM / sift buDhidhammayaM eyaMpi buDhidhammayaM / imapi cittamaMtayaM, eyaMpi cittamaMtayaM / imapi chinnaM milAti, eyaMpi chinnaM milAti / imapi zrAhAragaM, eyaMpi zrAhAragaM / imapi NiccayaM, eyaMpi NiccayaM / imapi prasAsayaM, eyaMpi prasAsayaM / sift cayAvacaiyaM, eyaMpi cayAvacaiyaM / imapi vipariNAmadhammayaM, eyaMpi vipariNAmadhammayaM / " maiM kahatA hUM - manuSya bhI janmatA hai, vanaspati bhI janmatI hai / manuSya bhI bar3hatA hai, vanaspati bhI bar3hatI hai / manuSya bhI caitanyayukta hai, vanaspati bhI caitanyayukta hai| manuSya bhI chinna hone para mlAna hotA hai, vanaspati bhI chinna hone para mlAna hotI hai / manuSya bhI prahAra karatA hai, vanaspati bhI prahAra karatI hai / manaSya bhI anitya hai, vanaspati bhI anitya hai / manuSya bhI prazAzvata hai vanaspati bhI azAzvata hai / manuSya bhI upacita aura apacita hotA hai, vanaspati bhI upacita aura apacita hotI hai / manuSya bhI vividha avasthAoM ko prApta hotA hai, vanaspati bhI vividha avasthAoM ko prApta hotI hai / vyAkhyA - sAhitya AcArAMga para prAcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA niryukti, zrI jinadAsa gaNI dvArA cUrNa, zrI zIlAMkAcArya dvArA TIkA tathA zrI jinahaMsa sUri dvArA dIpikA kI racanA kI gayI / jaina vAG maya ke prakhyAta adhyetA DA0 harmana jekobI ne isakA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA tathA isakI gaveSaNApUrNa prastAvanA likhI / pro0 epha0 maiksamulara dvArA sampAdita 'Sacred Books of the East' nAmaka granthamAlA ke antargata 22 veM bhAga meM usakA prAksaphorDa se prakAzana huA / AcArAMga ke prathama zru-taskandha kA prasiddha jarmana vidvAn pro0 vAlTara zUviMga ne sampAdana kiyA tathA san 1610 meM lipjaga se isakA prakAzana kiyaa| AcArya bhadrabAhukRta niyukti .

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paitAlIsa Agama 46 tathA prAcArya zIlAMka racita TIkA ke sAtha san 1935 meM pAgamodaya samiti, bambaI dvArA isakA prakAzana huaaa| 2. sUyagaDaMga (sUtrakRtAMga) sUtra kRtAMga ke nAma sUtrakRtAMga ke lie sUyagaDa, suttakaDa tathA sUyAgaDa; ina tIna zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / sUyagaDa yA suttakaDa kA saMskRta-rUpa sUtrakRta hai| isakI zAbdika vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai :-artharUpatayA tIrthaGkaroM se sUtra kA udbhava hayA / usase gaNadharoM dvArA kiyA gayA yA nibaddha kiyA gayA grantha / isa prakAra sUtrakRta zabda kA phalita hotA hai| athavA sUtra ke anusAra jisameM tatvAvabodha karAyA gayA ho, vaha sUtrakRta hai / sUyAgaDa kA saMskRta rUpa sUtrAkRta hai / isakA artha hai-sva aura para samaya-siddhAnta kA jisameM sUcana kiyA gayA ho,vaha sUcAkRta yA sUyAgaDa hai|| sUtra kA artha bhagavadbhASita aura kRta kA artha usake AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA kiyA gayA yA racA gayA, isa paridhi meM to samasta dvAdazAMgI hI samAhita ho jAtI hai; ataH sUtrakRtAMga kI hI aisI koI vizeSatA nahIM hai / sva-apane, para-dUsaroM ke samaya-siddhAntoM yA tAtvika mAnyatAoM ke vivecana kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha mahatvapUrNa hai| vaisA vivecana isI Agama meM hai, anya kisI meM nhiiN| sUtrakRtAMga kA svarUpa : kalevara do zru ta-skandhoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama zruta-skandha meM solaha tathA dUsare meM sAta adhyayana haiN| pahalA zruta-skandha prAyaH padyoM meM 1. sUyagaDaM aMgANaM, bitiyaM tassa ya imANi naamaanni|| sUyagaDaM suttakaDaM, sUyAgaDaM ceva goNAI // 2 // sUtrakRtamiti -etadaMgAnAM dvitIyaM tasya cAmUnyekAthikAni, tadyathAsUtramutpannamartharUpatayA tIrthakRdbhyaH tataH kRtaM grantharacanayA gaNavarairiti, tathA sUtrakRtamiti sUtrAnusAreNa tatvAvabodhaH kriyate'sminniti, tathA sUcAkRtamiti svaparasamayArthasUcanaM sUcA sAsmin kRteti / etAni cAsya guNaniSpannAni naamaaniiti| -abhidhAna rAjendra; saptama bhAga, pR0 1027.

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jainAgama digdarzana hai| usake kevala eka adhyayana meM gadya kA prayoga huA hai| dUsare zrataskandha meM gadya aura padya donoM pAye jAte haiN| isa pAgama meM gAthA chanda ke atirikta indravajrA, vaitAlika, anuSTup Adi anya chandoM kA bhI prayoga huaA hai| vibhinna vAdoM kA ullekha paMcabhUtavAda, brahma kavAda-advaitavAda yA ekAtmavAda, dehAtmavAda, ajJAnavAda, prakriyAvAda, niyativAda, akartRtvavAda, sadvAd, paMcaskandhavAda tathA dhAtuvAda Adi kA prathama skandha meM prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tatpakSasthApana aura nirasana kA eka sAMketika-sA, aspaSTa sA krama vahAM hai| isase yaha bahuta spaSTa nahIM hotA ki una dinoM amuka-amuka vAda kisa prakAra kI dArzanika paramparAeM liye hue the| ho sakatA hai,ina vAdoM kA taba taka kisI vyavasthita tathA paripUrNa darzana ke rUpa meM vikAsa na ho pAyA ho| ina vAdoM para avasthita dArzanika paramparAoM (schools of Philosophy) ke ye prArambhika rUpa rahe hoN| zramaNoM dvArA bhikSAcAra meM satarkatA, pariSahoM ke prati sahanazIlatA, narakoM ke kaSTa, sAdhunoM ke lakSaNa, brAhmaNa, zramaNa, bhikSu tathA nirgranthoM jaise zabdoM kI vyAkhyA, udAharaNoM tathA rUpakoM dvArA acchI taraha kI gaI hai / ullikhita matavAdoM kI carcA sambandhita vyAkhyA-granthoM meM vistAra se bhI milatI hai| dvitIya zruta-skandha meM para-matoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| vizeSataH vahAM jIva va zarIra ke ekatva, IzvarakartRtva, niyativAda Adi kI carcA hai| prastUta zrata-skandha meM prAhAra-doSa, bhikSA-doSa Adi para vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai / prasaMgavaza yoga, utpAda, svapna, svara, vyaMjana, strI lakSaNa Adi viSayoM kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai| antima adhyayana kA nAma nAlandIya hai / isameM nAlandA meM huye gautama gaNadhara aura pApityika udaka per3hAla putta kA vArtAlApa hai / anta meM udaka per3hAla putta dvArA caturyAma dharma ke sthAna para paMca mahAvrata svIkAra karane kA varNana hai| prAcIna matoM, vAdoM aura dRSTikoNoM ke adhyayana ke lie to yaha zru tA~ga mahatvapUrNa hai hI, bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI vizeSa prAcIna

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51 paitAlIsa Agama siddha hotA hai| bhASA-vaijJAnika bhI isameM adhyayana kI pracura sAmagrI pAte haiN| varzana aura prAcAra sUtrakRtAMga kA adaijjaNAma (Ardra kIyAkhya) adhyayana usa samaya ke vibhinna matavAdoM kA saMketa detA hai / sundara ghaTanA prasaMga ke sAtha-sAtha vahAM aneka darzana-pakSoM ke prAcAra kA sahajatayA udghATana ho jAtA hai / prAkakumAra Ardra kapura ke rAjakumAra the| unake pitA ne eka bAra apane mitra rAjA zreNika ke lie bahumUlya upahAra bheje / usa samaya Ardra kakumAra ne bhI abhayakumAra ke lie upahAra bheje| rAjagRha se bhI unake badale meM upahAra Aye / Ardra kakumAra ke lie abhayakumAra kI ora se jina mUti ke rUpa meM upahAra prAyA / use pAkara Ardra kakumAra pratibuddha huye / jAti-smaraNa jJAna ke AdhAra se unhone dIkSA grahaNa kI aura vahAM se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ora vihAra kiyaa| mArga meM eka-eka kara vibhinna matoM ke anuyAyI mile| unhoMne pAkakumAra se dharma-carcAeM kii| Ardra kakumAra muni ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mata kA samarthana karate haye sabhI matavAdoM kA khaNDana kiyA / vaha sarasa carcA-prasaMga isa prakAra hai| gozAlaka-pAka ! maiM tumheM mahAvIra ke vigata jIvana kI kathA sunAtA huuN| vaha pahale ekAnta vihArI zramaNa thA / aba vaha bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha dharmopadeza karane calA haiN| isa prakAra usa asthirAtmA ne apanI AjIvikA calAne kA DhoMga racA haiM / unake vartamAna aura vigata ke AcaraNa meM spaSTa virodha hai| Ardra ka muni-bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ekAnta-bhAva atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya, ina tInoM kAloM meM sthira rahane vAlA hai| rAga-dveSa se rahita ve sahasroM ke bIca rahakara bhI ekAnta-sAdhanA kara rahe haiM / jitendriya sAdhu vANI ke guNa-doSoM ko samajhatA huA upadeza de, isameM kiMcit bhI doSa nahIM hai / jo mahAvrata, aNuvrata, prAsrava saMvara Adi zramaNa-dharmoM ko jAnakara,virakti ko apanAkara karma-bandhana se dUra rahatA hai, use maiM zramaNa mAnatA huuN|

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jainAgama digdarzana gozAlaka-hamAre siddhAMta ke anusAra kaccA pAnI pIne meM, jIvAdi dhAnya ke khAne meM, uhiSTa AhAra ke grahaNa meM tathA strI-saMbhoga meM ekAnta vihArI tapasvI ko koI pApa nahIM lgtaa| Ardra ka muni-yadi aisA hai, to sabhI gRhasthI zramaNa hI haiM, kyoMki ve ye sabhI kArya karate haiN| kaccA pAnI pIne vAle, bIja-dhAnya Adi khAne vAle to kevala peTa bharAI ke lie hI bhikSu bane haiN| saMsAra kA tyAga karake bhI ye mokSa ko pA sakeMge, aisA maiM nahIM maantaa| ___gozAlaka-aisA kahakara to tuma sabhI matoM kA tiraskAra kara rahe ho ? Ardraka muni-dUsare mata vAle apane mata kA bakhAna karate haiM aura dUsaroM kI nindA / ve kahate haiM--tatva hameM hI milA hai, dUsaroM ko nhiiN| maiM to mithyA mAnyatAoM kA tiraskAra karatA hai, kisI vyakti vizeSa kA nhiiN| jo saMyamI kisI sthAvara prANI ko kaSTa denA nahIM cAhate, ve kisI kA tiraskAra kaise kara sakate haiM ? gozAlaka - tumhArA zramaNa udyAna-zAlAoM meM, dharmazAlAoM meM isalie nahIM ThaharatA ki vahAM aneka tArkika paNDita, aneka vijJa bhikSu Thaharate haiM / use Dara hai ki ve mujhe kucha pUcha baiThe aura maiM unakA uttara na de sk| Ardraka muni - bhagavAn mahAvIra binA prayojana ke koI kArya nahIM karate tathA ve bAlaka kI taraha binA vicAre bhI koI kAma nahIM karate / ve rAja-bhaya se bhI dharmopadezana hoM karate, phira dUsare bhaya kI to bAta hI kyA?ve praznoM kA uttara dete haiM aura nahIM bhI dete / ve apanI siddhi ke lie tathA Arya logoM ke uddhAra ke lie upadeza karate haiN| ve sarvajJa sunane vAloM ke pAsa jAkara athavA na jAkara dharma kA upadeza karate haiM, kintu, anArya loga darzana se bhraSTa hote haiM, isalie bhagavAna unake pAsa nahIM jaate| - gozAlaka-jaise lAbhArthI vaNik kraya-vikraya kI vastu ko lekara mahAjanoM se samparka karatA hai, merI dRSTi se tumhArA mahAvIra bhI lAbhArthI vaNik hai /

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paitAlIsa Agama 53 pAka muni-mahAvIra navIna karma nahIM krte| purAne karmoM kA nAza karate haiM / ve mokSa kA udaya cAhate haiM, isa artha meM ve lAbhArthI haiM, yaha maiM mAnatA huuN| vaNika to hiMsA, asatya, abrahma Adi aneka pApa-karma karane vAle haiM aura unakA lAbha bhI cAra gati meM bhramaNa rUpa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra jo lAbha ajita kara rahe haiM, usakI Adi hai. para anta nahIM hai / ve pUrNa ahiMsaka, paropakAraka aura dharma-sthita haiN| unakI tulanA tuma Atma-ahita karane vAle vaNika ke sAtha kara rahe ho, yaha tumhAre ajJAna ke anurUpa hI hai / bauddha mikSu bauddha bhikSu-koI puruSa khalI ke piNDa ko manuSya mAnakara pakAye athavA tumbe ko bAlaka mAnakara pakAye, to vaha hamAre mata ke anusAra puruSa aura bAlaka ke vadha kA hI pApa karatA hai| isI prakAra yadi koI vyakti puruSa va bAlaka ko khalI va tumbA samajha kara bhedita karatA hai va pakAtA hai, to vaha puruSa va bAlaka ke vadha karane kA pApa upAjita nahIM karatA / sAtha-sAtha itanA aura ki hamAre mata meM vaha pakva mAMsa pavitra aura buddhoM ke pAraNe ke yogya hai| Ardra kakumAra ! hamAre mata meM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki jo vyakti pratidina do sahasra snAtaka (bodhi satva) bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAtA hai, vaha devagati meM Arogya nAmaka sarvottama deva hotA hai| pAkakumAra-isa prakAra prANa-bhUta kI hiMsA karanA aura usameM pApa kA abhAva kahanA, saMyamI puruSa ke lie ucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra kA jo upadeza dete haiM aura jo sunate haiM, ve donoM hI prakAra ke loga ajJAna aura akalyANa ko prApta karane vAle haiN| jise pramAdarahita hokara saMyama aura ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA hai aura jo sthAvara va jaMgama prANiyoM ke svarUpa ko samajhatA hai, kyA vaha kabhI aisI bAta kaha sakatA hai ? jo tuma kahate ho ? bAlaka ko tumbA samajhakara aura tumbe ko bAlaka samajhakara pakA le, kyA yaha koI hone vAlI bAta haiM ? jo aisA kahate haiM, ve asatya-bhASI aura anArya haiN| .. mana meM to bAlaka ko bAlaka samajhanA aura Upara se use tumbA

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54 jainAgama digdarzana kahanA, kyA yaha saMyamI puruSa ke lakSaNa haiM ? sthUla aura puSTa bher3a ko mArakara, use acchI taraha se kATakara, usake mAMsa meM namaka DAlakara, tela meM tala kara,pippalI Adi dravyoM se baghAra kara tumhAre lie taiyAra karate haiM; usa mAMsa ko tuma khAte ho aura yaha kahate ho ki hameM pApa nahIM lagatA; yaha saba tumhAre duSTa svabhAva tathA rasa-laMpaTatA kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra kA mAMsa koI anajAna meM bhI khAtA hai, vaha pApa karatA hai; phira yaha kahakara ki hama jAna kara nahIM khAte; isalie hameM doSa nahIM hai, sarAsara jhUTha nahIM to kyA hai ? prANi-mAtra ke prati dayA-bhAva rakhane vAle, sAvadya doSoM kA varjana karane vAle jJAtaputrIya bhikSu doSa kI AzaMkA se uddiSTa bhojana kA hI vivarjana karate haiN| jo sthAvara aura jaMgama prANiyoM ko thor3I bhI pIr3A ho, aisA pravartana nahIM karate haiM, ve aisA pramAda nahIM kara sakate / saMyamI puruSa kA dharma-pAlana itanA sUkSma hai| jo vyakti pratidina do-do sahasra snAtaka bhikSutroM ko bhojana khilAtA hai, vaha to pUrNa asaMyamI hai / lohI se sane hAtha vAlA vyakti isa loka meM bhI tiraskAra kA pAtra hai, usake paraloka meM uttama gati kI to bAta hI kahAM ? jisa vacana se pApa ko uttejana milatA hai, vaha vacana kabhI nahIM bolanA caahie| tathAprakAra kI tattva-zunya vANI guNoM se rahita hai| dIkSita kahalAne vAle bhikSuoM ko to vaha kabhI bolanI hI nahIM caahie| he bhikSugro ! tumane hI padArtha kA jJAna prApta kiyA hai aura jIvoM ke zubhAzubha karma-phala ko samajhA hai / sambhavataH isI vijJAna se tumhArA yaza pUrva va pazcima samudra taka phailA hai aura tumane hI samasta loka ko hastagata padArtha kI taraha dekhA hai ? vedavAdI brAhmaNa vedavAdI-jo pratidina do sahasra snAtaka brAhmaNoM ko bhojana khilAtA hai, vaha puNya kI rAzi ekatrita kara deva-gati meM utpanna hotA hai, aisA hamArA veda-vAkya hai|

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paitAlIsa Agama pAka muni-mArjAra kI taraha ghara-ghara bhaTakane vAle do hajAra snAtakoM ko jo khilAtA hai,mAMsAhArI pakSiyoM se paripUrNa tathA tIvra vedanAmaya naraka meM jAtA hai| dayA-pradhAna dharma kI nindA aura hiMsA pradhAna dharma kI prazaMsA karane vAlA manuSya eka bhI zola rahita brAhmaNa ko khilAtA hai, to vaha andhakArayukta naraka meM bhaTakatA hai| use deva-gati kahAM hai ? prAtmAvatavAdI prAtmAdvaitavAdI-pAka muni ! apane donoM kA dharma samAna hai / vaha bhUta meM bhI thA aura bhaviSya meM bhI rahegA / apane donoM dharmoM meM prAcAra pradhAna zIla tathA jJAna ko mahatva diyA gayA hai| punarjanma kI mAnyatA meM bhI koI bheda nahIM hai| kintu hama eka avyakta, lokavyApI, sanAtana, akSaya aura avyaya AtmA ko mAnate haiN| vaha prANimAtra meM vyApta hai, jaise-candra tArikAoM meN| Ardra ka muni - yadi aisA hI hai, to phira brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya va dAsa, isI prakAra kIr3e, paMkhI, sarpa, manuSya va deva Adi bheda hI nahIM raheMge aura ve pRthak-pRthak sukha-duHkha bhogate huye isa saMsAra meM bhaTakeMge bhI kyoM ? paripUrNa kaivalya se loka ko samajhe binA jo dUsaroM ko dharmopadeza karate haiM,ve apanA aura dUsaroM kA nAza karate haiM / paripUrNa kaivalya se loka-svarUpa ko samajhakara tathA pUrNa jJAna meM samAdhiyukta bana kara jo dharmopadeza karate haiM, ve svayaM tara jAte haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI tAra lete haiN| isa prakAra tiraskAra yogya jJAna vAle AtmAdvaitavAdiyoM ko aura sampUrNa jJAna,darzana,cAritra yukta jinoM ko apanI samajha meM samAna batalA kara he AyuSman ! tU apanI hI viparItatA prakaTa karatA hai / hastI tApasa hastI tApasa-hama eka varSa meM eka bar3e hAthI ko mArakara apanI AjIvikA calAte haiN| aisA hama anya samasta prANiyoM ke prati anukampA buddhi rakhate huye karate haiN|

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jainAgama digdarzana pAka muni--eka varSa meM eka hI prANo mArate ho aura phira cAhe anya jIvoM ko nahIM bhI mArate, kintu itane bhara se tuma doSa mukta nahIM ho jAte / apane nimitta eka hI prANI kA vadha karane vAle tumhAre aura gRhasthoM meM thor3A hI antara hai| tumhAre jaise Atma-ahita karane vAle manuSya kabho kevala-jJAnI nahIM ho skte| tathArUpa svakalpita dhAraNAoM ke anusaraNa karane kI apekSA jisa manuSya ne jJAnI ke AjJAnusAra mokSa mArga meM mana, vacana, kAyA se apane Apako sthita kiyA hai tathA jisane doSoM se apanI AtmA kA saMrakSaNa kiyA hai aura isa saMsAra-samudra ko tairane ke sAdhana prApta kiye haiM, vahI puruSa dUsaroM ko dharmopadeza de| vyAkhyA-sAhitya prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne sUtrakRtAMga para niyukti kI racanA kii| AcArya zIlAMka ne vAhari gaNI ke sahayoga se TIkA likhI / cUNi bhI likhI gayI / zrI harSakula aura zrI sAdhuraMga dvArA dIpikAnoM kI racanA hayI / DA0 harmana jekobI ne aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA jo Sacred Books of the East ke paiMtAlIsaveM bhAga meM AksaphorDa se prakAzita huaa| . 3. ThAraNAMga (sthAnAMga) - daza adhyayanoM meM yaha zra tAMga vibhAjita hai| isameM 783 sUtra haiM / uparyukta do zru tAMgoM se isakI racanA bhinna koTi kI hai| isake pratyeka adhyayana meM, adhyayana kI saMkhyA ke anusAra vastu-saMkhyAyeM ginAte huye varNana kiyA gayA hai / eka loka, eka aloka, eka dharma, eka adharma, eka darzana, eka caritra, eka samaya Adi / isI prakAra dUsare adhyayana meM una vastuoM kI gaNanA aura varNana AyA hai, jo do-do haiM- jaise do kriyAyeM Adi / isI krama meM dazaveM adhyayana taka yaha vastubheda aura varNana daza kI saMkhyA taka pahuMca gayA hai / isa koTi kI varNana-paddhati kI dRSTi se yaha zru tAMga pAli bauddha grantha aguttara nikAya se tulanIya hai| nAnA prakAra ke vastu-nirdeza apanI-apanI dRSTi se bar3e mahatva ke haiM / udAharaNArtha, Rk, yajuSa aura sAma, ye tIna veda batalAye

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paitAlIsa Agama gaye haiN| dharma-kathA, artha-kathA aura kAma-kathA, tIna prakAra kI kathAoM kA ullekha hai / vRkSa tIna prakAra ke batalAye gaye haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha-dharma saMgha meM huye sAta niha navoM (dharmazAsana se vimukha aura apalApaka - viparIta prarupaNA karane vAloM) kI bhI carcA pAI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM (jina nau puruSoM ne tIrthaMkaragotra bAMdhA, yathAprasaMga unakA bhI ullekha hai| isa prakAra saMkhyAnukrama ke AdhAra para isameM vibhinna viSayoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai, jo aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai| darzana-pakSa eka prakAra se prArambha kara daza prakAra taka ke mUrta-amUrta bhAvoM kA jahAM digdarzana hai, vahAM darzana kA bhI kauna-sA viSaya achUtA raha sakatA hai ? mUla meM jahAM saMketa hai, vyAkhyA-granthoM meM unhIM saMketa-sUtroM para vistRta carcA bhI hai / ThANAMga meM hetuvAda kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| vaha nyAya viSaya kA sUcana-mAtra hai| vahA~ hetu, pramANa aura hetvAbhAsoM ko eka hI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyAkAroM ne una para yathAvasthita prakAza DAlA hai| sthAnAMga kA pratipAdana nimnokta krama se hai : .. heu caunvihe paNNatte, taMjahA-jAvae, thAvae, vaMsae, luuse| hetu cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM, jaise-yApaka, sthApaka, vyaMsaka aura lUSaka / ___ ahavA heu cauvihe paNNata taMjahA-paccakkhe, aNumAraNe, provamme, aagme| ___athavA hetu cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM, jaise-pratyakSa, anumAna, praupamya, Agama / _ahavA heu cauvihe paNDatte, taMjahA-asthi te asthi, atthi te patthi, raNatthitta atthi. patthita rnntthi| . tAtparya yaha hai, to vaha bhI hai| yaha hai, to vaha nahIM hai| yaha nahIM, to vaha hai| yaha nahIM, to vaha bhI nahIM hai /

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jainAgama digdarzana pramANa evaM hetu tattva se paricita vidvAnoM ke lie ukta tInoM hI prakAra ke hetuvAda sahaja-gamya haiN| udAharaNa mAtra ke lie kevala prathama cAra bhedoM ko saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, joki kathAkrama ke sAtha bahuta hI sarasa evaM sugama bana gaye haiM / 58 1 yApaka hetu - jisa hetu se vAdI kAla yApana karatA hai / vizeSaNoM va bakoktiyoM se sAmAnya bAta ko bhI lambA kara aisA kiyA jAtA hai / vastusthiti ko samajhane meM tathA uttarita karane meM prativAdI ko bhI samaya lagatA hai / isa taraha vyartha kA kAlayApana karake vAdI apanA phalita siddha karatA hai / isa hetu para kathA taka hai- kisI kulaTA strI ne apane bhadra pati se kahA, Aja kala UMTa ke 'mIMgaraNe' bAjAra meM bahuta maMhage ho gaye haiN| eka-eka mIMgaNA eka-eka rUpyaka meM bikatA hai| tuma mIMgaNe lekara bAjAra jAo aura yathA - bhAva becakara dravyArjana karo | pati bAjAra gayA / mIMgaNoM ke bhAva pUchatA rahA / kulaTA patnI ne apanA utanA samaya apane anya premI ke sAtha bitAyA / sthApaka hetu -jo hetu apane sAdhya kI avilamba sthApanA kara detA hai, vaha sthApaka hetu hai / jaise - " vanhimAn parvato'yaM dhUmatvAt " yaha parvata agnimAn hai; kyoMki dhuMA dIkha rahA hai / sAdhya kI avilamba sthApanA ke lie udAharaNa diyA gayA hai - koI dhUrta parivrAjaka pratyeka gAMva meM jAkara kahatA hai, pRthvI ke madhya bhAga meM diyA gayA dAna bahuta hI phalavAn hotA hai / tumhArA gAMva hI madhya bhAga hai / yaha tathya maiM hI jAnatA hUM, anya koI nahIM / kisI anya bhadra parivrAjaka ne isa mAyA jAla ko tor3ane ke lie grAmavAsiyoM ke bIca yaha kahanA prArambha kiyA - parivrAjaka ! pRthvI kA bIca to koI eka hI sthAna ho sakatA hai / tuma to sabhI gAvoM meM yahI kahate A rahe ho / bhadra parivrAjaka ke itanA kahate hI sArA mAyA jAla TUTa gayA / pRthvI kA kendra to koI eka hI sthAna ho sakatA hai, tatkAla yaha saba ke samajha meM A gyaa| hetu sAdhya ko siddhi meM saphala ho gayA / / vyaMsaka hetu - pratipakSI ko vyAmugdha kara dene vAlA hetu vyaMsaka hetu hai / jaise - " asti jIvaH, prasti ghaTaH" kI sthApanA para koI kaha

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paMtAlIsa Agama 56 de, astitva dharma donoM meM samAna hai; ataH jIva aura ghaTa eka hI ho gaye arthAt jIva bhI cetana, ghaTa bhI cetana / tathArUpa vyAmugdhatA vyaMsaka heta hai| udAharaNa meM batAyA gayA hai-eka gAr3IvAna araNya se jA rahA thaa| mArga meM usane eka tittirI pakar3akara gAr3I meM rakha lii| kisI nagara meM phuNcaa| eka dhUrta ne kahA- zakaTatittirI kA kyA mola haiM ? gAr3IvAn ne samajhA, gAr3I meM sthita tittirI ke lie pUcha rahA hai| usane kahA- isakA mola tarpaNAloDikA arthAt jala mizrita saktu hai / dhUrta zakaTa-sahita tittirI lekara calane lgaa| gADIvAn jhagar3ane lagA, to dhUrta ne kahA- maiMne to zakaTa-tittirI arthAt zakaTa sahita tittirI kA mola hI pUchA thaa| zAkaTika becArA vyAmugdha rahA / dhUrta zakaTa aura tittirI lekara calate banA / yaha hai, vyaMsaka hetu / __ lUSaka hetu-dhUrta dvArA prApAdita aniSTa kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA lUSaka heta hai| jaise-chalA gayA zAkaTika kisI anya dhUrta se vitarka sIkha kara zakaTa-apahartA ke ghara jAtA hai aura kahatA haizakaTa-tittirI kA merA mola tarpaNa-loDikA to do / dhUrta ne apanI patnI se kahA-saktu ghola kara ise de do| patnI gholane baiThI, to zAkaTika patnI ko hI bAMha pakar3akara le jAne lgaa| dhUrta ne kahAyaha kyA kara rahe ho ? zAkaTika ne kahA-tarpaNA-loDikA ko hI to le jA rahA huuN| yaha to mere mola meM AI hai; ataH merI patnI hai / sakta gholatI huI strI bhI to tarpaNA-loDikA hotI hai| bAta donoM ora se TakarA gaI to dhUrta ne kahA-zAkaTika ! tuma tumhArI zakaTatittirI le jaao| merI patnI mere pAsa rahane do| isa prakAra vyasaka hetu kA nirAkaraNa hI lUSaka hetu mAnA gayA hai| vyAkhyA-sAhitya prAcArya abhayadevasUri (san 1063) ne sthAnAMga para TIkA likhI hai| prAcArAMga,sUtrakRtAMga tathA dRSTivAda (jo upalabdha nahIM haiM) ke atirikta zeSa nau agoM para unakI TIkAyeM haiM / ve navAMgI TIkAkAra kahalAte haiM / prAcArya abhayadeva ne TIkAkAra ke uttaradAyitva

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60 jainAgama digdarzana nirvAha kI kaThinAiyoM kA usameM jo varNana kiyA hai, usase usa samaya kI zAstrAvasthiti jJAta hotI hai| ve likhate haiM "zAstrAdhyeta - sampradAyoM ke naSTa ho jAne, sada Uha, sad viveka, sadvitarkaNA ke viyoga, saba viSayoM ke vivecanaparaka zAstroM kI asvAyattatA, smaraNa-zakti ke abhAva, vAcanAoM ke anekatva, pustakoM ke azuddha pATha, sUtroM kI ati gambhIratA tathA kahIM-kahIM matabheda; Adi kAraNoM se truTiyAM raha jAnA sambhAvita hai| vivekazIla vyaktiyoM ne zAstroM kA jo artha svIkAra kiyA hai, vahI hamAre lie grAhya hai, dUsarA nhiiN| prAcArya abhayadeva ne prAge ullekha kiyA hai ki ina saba kaThinAiyoM ke hote hue bhI zrI droNAcArya Adi ke sahayoga se unhoMne isakI TIkA kI racanA kI hai| prAcArya nAgarSi dvArA sthAnAMga para dIpikA kI racanA kI gyii| 4. samavAyAMga samavAyaOM kA artha samUha yA samudAya hotA hai| isakA varNanakrama sthAnAMga jaisA hai / sthAnAMga meM eka se dasa taka saMkhyAyeM pahu~catI haiM, jabaki isameM ve saMkhyAyeM eka se prArambha hokara kATAnukoTi (koDAkoDI) taka jAtI haiM / samavAyAMga meM bAraha aMgoM tathA unake viSayoM kA ullekha hai / saMkhyA kramika varNana ke antargata yathA-prasaMga 1. sampradAyo gurukramaH / 2. satsampradAyahInatvAt sadUhasya viyogataH / sarvasvaparazAstrANAmadRSTerasmRtezcame // vAcanAnAmanekatvAt pustakAnAmazuddhitaH / sUtrANAmatigAmbhIryAnmatabhedAcca kutracit / / UraNAni sambhavantIha, kevalaM suvivekibhiH / siddhAnte'nugato yo'rthaH so'smadgrAhyo na cetaraH / / ---466 pR0 3. duvAlasaMge gaNipiDie pannatta / taM jahA-pAyAre, sUyagaDe, ThANe, samavAe, vivAhapannatI, NAyAdhammakahAo, uvAsagadasAo, aMtagaDadasAmo, aNuttarovavAiyadasAmo, paNhAvAgaraNAI, vivAgasue, diTThivAe / se kiM taM pAyAre ? AyAreNaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM mAhijjai // -samavAyAMga sUtra; dvAdazAMgAdhikAra, pR0 231-32

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paitAlIsa prAgama AcArAMga ke prathama zru ta-skandha ke nau adhyayanoM, sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrata-skandha ke solaha adhyayanoM, NAyAdhammakahAo ke prathama zra taskandha ke unnIsa adhyayanoM, dRSTivAda ke katipaya sUtroM kA trairAzikA sUtra-paddhati se race jAne, uttarAdhyayana ke chatIsa adhyayanoM tathA cauvAlIsa RSi bhASita adhyayanoM, antima rAtri meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita pacapana adhyayanoM tathA vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra ke caurAsI hajAra padoM Adi kA isameM ullekha haiN| nandI sUtra kI bhI isameM carcA hai| ina ullekhoM se aisA prakaTa hotA hai ki dvAdazAMga ke sUtra-baddha ho jAne ke pazcAt isakA lekhana huaa| varNana-krama samavAyAMga meM kulakaroM, cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroM, cakravatiyoM, baladevoM evaM vAsudevoM kA, unake mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna Adi kA nAmAnukrama se varNana kiyA gayA hai| uttama zalAkA, puruSoM kI saMkhyA cauvana (tIrthaMkara 24, cakravartI 12, bAsudeva 6, baladeva +-54) dI gaI haiM, tiresaTha nhiiN| vahAM prativAsudevoM ko zalAkA puruSoM meM nahIM liyA gayA hai| isase yaha sambhAvita pratIta hotA hai ki unheM bAda meM zalAkA puruSoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA ho| yaha sArA varNana samavAyAMga ke jisa aMza meM hai, use eka prakAra se saMkSipta jaina purANa kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / jaina purANoM ke upajIvaka ke rUpa meM nizcaya hI isa bhAga kA bar3A mahatva hai| bhagavAn RSabha ko yahAM kauzalIya tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vaizAlIya kahA gayA hai, isase bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vaizAlI ke nAgarika hone kA tathya puSTa hotA hai| samavAyAMga meM lekha, gaNita, rUpaka, nATya, gIti, vAdyayaMtra Adi bahattara kalAoM kA varNana hai| brAhmI lipi Adi aThAraha lipiyoM tathA brAhmI ke chayAlIsa mAtRkA-akSaroM kI carcA hai / isa para prAcArya abhayadevasUri kI TIkA hai| 5. vivAha-paNNatti (vyAkhyA-prajJapti) jIva-ajIva Adi padArthoM kI vizada, vistRta vyAkhyA hone 1. maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA mata

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62 jainAgama digdarzana ke kAraNa hue aMga kA nAma vyAkhyA-prajJapti hai| saMkSepa meM bhagavatI sUtra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM ikatAlIsa zataka haiN| pratyeka zataka aneka uddezoM (uddezakoM) meM baMTA huaA hai / prathama se ATha taka, bAraha se caudaha taka tathA aThAraha se bIsa taka ke zatakoM meM se pratyeka meM daza-daza uddezaka haiM / isake atirikta avaziSTa zatakoM meM uddezoM kI saMkhyAe nyUnAdhika pAI jAtI haiN| pandrahaveM zataka kA uddezoM meM vibhAjana nahIM hai| usameM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA caritra hai| yaha apane Apa meM eka svatantra grantha jaisA pratIta hotA hai| vyAkhyA-prajJapti kA sUtra-krama se bhI vibhAjana prApta hotA hai isameM kula sUtra-saMkhyA 867 hai| varNana-zailI vyAkhyA-prajJapti kI varNana-zailI praznottara ke rUpa meM hai| gaNaghara gautama jijJAsu-bhAva se prazna upasthita karate haiM aura bhagavAn mahAvIra unakA uttara dete haiM yA samAdhAna karate haiN| TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadevasUri ne ina praznoMttaro kI saMkhyA chattIsa hajAra batalAI hai| unhoMne padoM kI saMkhyA do lAkha aThAsI hajAra dI hai| isake viparIta samavAyAMga meM padoM kI saMkhyA caurAsI hajAra tathA nandI meM eka lAkha cautAlIsa hajAra batalAI gayI hai| kahIM-kahIM praznottara bahuta choTe-choTe haiM / udAharaNArthaprazna- bhagavan ! jJAna kA phala kyA hai ?, uttara - vijJAna / 1. vi vividhAH-jIvAjIvAdipracurapadArthaviSayAH, prA-abhividhinA kathaMcinikhilajJeyavyAptyA maryAdayA, vA-parasparAsaMkIrNalakSaNAbhi - dhAnarUpayAjhyAH khyAnAni-bhagavato mahAvIrasya gautamAdivineyApratipraznitapadArthapratipAdanAni vyAkhyAstAH prajJApyante prarUpyante bhagavatA sudharmasvAminA jambUnAmAnamabhiyasyAm / / ...."athavA vivAhA-vividhA viziSTA vA'rthapravAhA nayapravAhA vA prajJApyante-prarUpyante prabAdhyante vA yasyAm....... -abhidhAna rAjendra; SaSTha bhAga, pR0 1238.

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'paMtAlIsa Agama prazna- vijJAna kA phala kyA hai ? uttara-pratyAkhyAna / prazna- pratyAkhyAna kA phala kyA hai ? uttara-saMyama / kahIM-kahIM vaise praznottara bhI haiM jinameM pUrA zataka hI A gayA hai| maMkhaliputra gauzAlaka ke varNana se sambaddha pandrahavAM zataka isakA udAharaNa hai| jaina dharma kA vizvakoza praznottara-krama ke madhya jaina tatvajJAna, itihAsa, anekAneka ghaTanAoM tathA vibhinna vyaktiyoM kA varNana, vivecana itanA vistata ho gayA hai ki unase sambaddha aneka pahalaoM kA vyApaka jJAna prApta hotA hai / isa apekSA se ise prAcIna jaina jJAna kA vizvakoza (Encyclopaedia) kahanA atiraMjana nahIM hogaa| anya granthoM kA sUcana vistAra meM jAte hue vivaraNa ko saMkSipta karane ke nimitta sthAna-sthAna para prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama, aupapAtika va nandI jaise granthoM kA ullekha karate hae unameM se una-una prasaMgoM ko lene kA sUcana kiyA hai / nandIsUtra vallabhI vAcanA ke Ayojaka evaM pradhAna zrI devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai| isakA bhI isa grantha meM ullekha hone se tathA yahAM ke vivaraNoM ko use dekhakara pUrNa kara lene kI jo sUcanA kI gaI hai, usase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki isa zru tAMga ko vartamAna rUpa nandIsUtra race jAne ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa se lagabhaga 1000 varSa pazcAt I0 san 527 meM prApta huA hai| vahI sthiti anya zra tAMgoM ke sambandha meM bhI ghaTita hotI hai / aisA hote hue bhI isameM sandeha nahIM ki viSayavastu purAtana tathA prAcArya-paramparAnusyUta hai| aitihAsika sAmagrI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana-caritra, unake aneka ziSya zrAvakagRhastha anuyAyI tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM isa zru tAMga meM

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64 jainAgama digdarzana vivecana prApta hotA hai jo itihAsa ko dRSTi se bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| sAtaveM zataka meM varNita mahAzilAkaMTaka saMgrAma tathA rathamasala saMgrAma aitihAsika, rAjanItika tathA yuddha-vijJAna kI dRSTi se prAcIna bhArata kA eka mahatvapUrNa prasaMga hai / aMga, baMga, magadha, malaya, mAlava, accha, vaccha, koccha, dADha, lAr3ha, vajji, moli, kAsI, kauzala, abAha, saMbhuktara Adi janapadoM kA ullekha bhArata kI tatkAlIna prAdezika sthiti kA sUcana karatA hai / AjIvaka sampradAya ke saMsthApaka, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhya pratidvandvI maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke jIvana, kArya, Adi ke saMbaMdha meM jitane vistAra se yahAM paricaya prApta hotA hai,utanA anyatra nahIM hotA / sthAna-sthAna para pApityoM tathA unake dvArA svIkRta va pAlita cAturyAma dharma kA ullekha milatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke yuga se calA Ane vAlA nirgrantha sampradAya svatantra rUpa meM vidyamAna thaa| usakA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita paMca mahAvrata mUlaka dharma ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha thA tathA kramazaH usakA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AmnAya meM sammilita honA prArambha ho gayA thaa| - AcArya abhayadevasUri kI TIkA ke atirikta isa para avacUrNi tathA laghuvRtti bhI hai / laghuvRtti ke lekhaka zrA dAnazekhara haiN| darzana-pakSa bhagavatI pAgama ke sahasroM praznoM meM nAnA prazna darzana-sambaddha haiM / ve jaina darzana kI mUlabhUta dhAraNAoM ko spaSTa karate haiM / udAharaNArtha prathama zataka ke SaSThama uddezaka meM katipaya jaTila praznoM ko eka nanheM se udAharaNa se aisA uttarita kara diyA gayA hai ki usase Age koI prazna nahIM rahatA / pahale jIva banA yA ajIva, pahale loka banA yA aloka Adi aneka praznoM ke uttara meM batAyA gayA hai-pahale murgI banI yA aNDA, murgI se aNDA utpanna huaA yA aNDe se murgI ? jaise margI aura aNDe meM koI krama nahIM banatA, zAzvata bhAva hone ke kAraNa jar3a aura cetana, loka aura aloka meM bhI koI krama nahIM bntaa| , murgI va aNDe kI pUrvAparatA kA udAharaNa pUrvokta kramabaddhatA ke praznoM kA nirAkaraNa to karatA hI hai, unase bhI adhika vaha jagat

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paitAlIsa prAgama kattatva ke prazna ko nirasta karatA hai / murgI se aNDA, aNDe se murgI yahI kArya kAraNa bhAva pahale thA, Aja hai| bhaviSya meM bhI rhegaa| bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se bIja, kI bhI yahI bAta hai| mAtA-pitA ke krama se santati-paramparA pahale bhI calatI thI, Aja bhI calatI hai, bhaviSya meM nahIM calegI, yaha socane kA viSaya nahIM hai / yaha cintana aba bauddhika stara kA nahIM rahA ki kisI samaya yaha krama nahIM calatA thA aura kiso jagat meM sraSTA ne isa kArya kAraNa' sthiti ko khar3A kiyaa| bhautika, abhautika pratyeka kriyA kA hetu Aja manuSya ke lie buddhigamya banatA jA rahA hai| kisI dina manuSya kA jJAna prAja kI apekSA bahuta sImita thA tathA vaha bAdaloM meM prakaTita indra-dhanuSa ko bhI IzvarIya-lIlA ke atirikta kucha nahIM soca sakatA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kathanAnusAra vizva-astitva kI apekSA anAdi, ananta tathA parivartana kI apekSA sAdi, sAnta hai| bhagavatI pAgama meM loka viSayaka prazna ko kaI sthAnoM para anekAnta kI vividha vidhAoM se kholA hai| 6. raNAyAdhammakahAno (jAtAdharmakathA yA jJAtRdharmakathA) nAma kI vyAkhyA _NAyAdhammakahAno ke tIna saMskRta-rUpAntara ho sakate haiMjJAtAdharmakathA, jJAtRdharmakathA, nyAya dharmakathA / abhidhAna rAjendra meM 'jJAtA dharmakathA' vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai:-"jJAta kA artha udAharaNa hai| isake anusAra isameM udAharaNa-pradhAna dharmakathAeM haiN| athavA isakA artha isa prakAra bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai- jisake prathama zrutaskandha meM jJAta arthAt udAharaNa haiM tathA dUsare zra ta-skandha meM dharma kathAyeM haiM, vaha 'jJAtAdhargakathA' hai|" jJAtRdharmakathA kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai:-jJAtR arthAt jJAtR kulotpanna yA jJAtRputra bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa 1. jJAtAnyudAharaNAni tatpradhAnA dharmakathA jJAtAdharmakathA athavA jJAtAni jJAtAdhyayanAni prathamazra taskandhe, dharmakathA dvitIye, yAsu granthapaddhatiSu tA jJAtAdharmakathAH / / -abhidhAna rAjendra; caturtha bhAga, pR0 2006

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66 jainAgama digdarzana dharmakathAoM kA jisameM varNana hai, vaha jJAtR dharmakathA sUtra hai / paramparayA isI nAma kA adhika pracalana hai| tIsarA rUpa jo 'nyAyadharmakathA' sUcita kiyA gayA hai, isake anusAra nyAya-jJAna athavA nIti-sambandhI sAmAnya niyamoM vidhAnoM aura dRSTAntoM dvArA bodha karAne vAlI dharmakathAyeM jisameM hoM, nyAya-dharmakathA sUtra hai| Agama kA svarUpaH kalevara do zra ta-skandhoM meM pAgama vibhakta hai| prathama zru ta skandha meM unnIsa adhyayana haiM tathA dUsare meM daza vrg| prathama zruta-skandha ke adhyayana meM rAjagRha ke rAjA zreNika-bimbisAra ke dhAriNI nAmaka rAnI se utpanna rAjaputra meghakumAra kA varNana hai| jaba vaha kumAra apane vaibhava tathA samRddhi ke anurUpa aneka vidyAoM tathA kalAproM kI zikSA prApta karate hue yuvA huA, usakA aneka rAjakumAriyoM se vivAha kara diyA gyaa| eka bAra aisA prasaMga banA, rAjakumAra ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza-zravaNa kiyaa| usake mana meM vairAgya hmaa| usane dIkSA svIkAra kara lii| zramaNa-dharma kA pAlana karate hue usake mana meM kucha durbalatA aaii| vaha kSubdha huaA aura anubhava karane lagA, jaise usane rAjavaibhava chor3a zramaNa-dharma svIkAra kara mAno bhUla kI ho / kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne use usake pUrva-bhava kA vRttAnta sunAyA, to usakA mana saMyama meM sthira aura daDha ho gyaa| anya adhyayanoM meM isI prakAra bhinna-bhinna kathAnaka haiM, jinake dvArA tapa, tyAga va saMyama kA udabodha diyA gayA hai| pAThaveM adhyayana meM videha-rAjakanyA malli tathA solahaveM adhyayana meM draupadI ke pUrva janma kI kathA hai| ye donoM kathAyeM bahuta mahatvapUrNa haiM / dvitIya zra ta-skanva daza vargoM meM vibhakta hai| ina vargoM meM prAyaH svargoM ke indroM kI agramahiSiyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hone vAlI striyoM kI kathAyeM haiN| prAcArya abhayadevasUri kI TIkA hai| use droNAcArya ne saMzodhita kiyA thA / AcArya abhayadevasUri ne isa grantha kI prazasti meM jo likhA hai, usake anusAra taba aneka vAcanAyeM pracalita thIM /

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paiMtAlIsa Agama 7. uvAsagadasAzro ( upAsakadazA) nAmaH artha upAsaka kA artha zrAvaka tathA dazA kA artha tadgataaNuvrata Adi kriyA-kalApoM se pratibaddha yA yukta adhyayana (grantha- prakaraNa ) hai / ' 67 prastuta zrutAMga meM daza adhyayana haiM jinameM daza zrAvakoM ke kathAnaka haiM / ina kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se jaina gRhasthoM dvArA pAlanIya dhArmika niyama samajhAye gaye haiM / sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai| fa dharmopAsakoM ko apane dharma ke paripAlana ke sandarbha meM kitane hI vighnoM tathA pralobhanoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, para, ve unase kabhI vicalita yA dharmacyuta nahIM hote / anta me bAraha gAthAoM dvArA dazoM kathAnakoM ke mukhya vaNyaM viSayoM kA saMketa karate hue grantha kA sAra upasthita kiyA gayA hai / zrAcArAMga kA pUraka isa zrutAMga ko eka prakAra se prAcArAMga kA pUraka kahA jA sakatA hai / AcArAMga meM jahAM zramaNa-dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ isameM zramaNopAsaka - zrAvaka yA gRhastha dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / Ananda Adi mahAvaibhavazAlI gRhasthoM kA jIvana kaisA thA, usa samaya deza kI samRddhi kaisI thI, ityAdi viSayoM kA isa zrutAMga se acchA paricaya milatA hai / prAcArya abhayadevasUri kI isa para TIkA hai / isI zrAgama kA eka sundara, sarasa va hRdayasparzI prasaMga yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai- bhagavAn mahAvIra apanI bRhat ziSya maNDalI ke sAtha vaizAlI ke samIpastha vANijya grAma meM Aye / IzAna koNa sthita dya tipalAza udyAna meM Thahare / indrabhUti gautama do dina se uposita the / tIsare dina pAtra, cIvara aura zAstA kI anujJA le, I 1. upAsakA: zrAvakAstadgatAraguvratAdi kriyAkalApapratibaddhA dazAdhyayanAni upAsaka dazA / - zrabhidhAna rAjendra ; bhA0 pR0 1064

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685 jainAgama digdarzana bhikSATana ke lie nikale / galiyoM va caurAhoM para eka hI carcA thI ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prathama upAsaka zrAnanda zramaNopAsaka pralamba tapasyA se apane zarIra ko kSINa kara aba 'saMthArA' - AmaraNa ana zana meM cala rahA hai / gautama ke mana meM Ananda se milane kI utkaMThA jagI / bhikSATana se lauTate hue ve prAnanda kI pauSadhazAlA meM pahuMce / dvAra para ruke / gautama ko Aye dekhakara mAnanda pulakita huA bolA - bhadanta ! maiM uThakara Age AU, ApakA abhivAdana karU, aisI merI zArIrika kSamatA nahIM rahI hai / Apa hI Age aayeN| mujhe nikaTa se darzana deM / ,, gautama Age bddh'e| Ananda ne yathAvidhi vandana kara svayaM ko tRpta kiyA / gautama kI ora dekha vaha bolA, bhadanta ! mujhe isa zAnta sAdhanA meM rahate hue vizAla avadhijJAna ( zratIndriya jJAna ) kI upalabdhi huI hai, jisase maiM pUrva, pazcima va dakSiNa meM pAMca-pAMca sau yojana lavaNa samudra taka, uttara meM cUlahemavaMta parvata taka, UMcAI meM prathama sudharmA svarga taka, adhastala meM prathama naraka ke loluca narakavAsa taka saba kucha hastAmalakavat dekha sakatA hU~ / gautama ne Ananda ke kathana para vizvAsa nahIM kiyaa| kahA zrAnanda ! itanA vipula avadhi jJAna kisI gRhI ko ho nahIM sakatA / tumane mithyA sambhASaNa kiyA hai| isakA prAyazcitta karo / Ananda ne kahA-- bhadanta ! prAyazcitta mithyAcaraNa kA hotA hai, na ki satyAcaraNa kA / maiM prAyazcitta kA bhAgI nahIM hUM / kRpayA Apa hI prAyazcitta kareM / Apa hI ne satya ko asatya kahA hai / gautama ke mana meM Ananda ke kathana se duzcintA huI / maiM catudaza sahasra bhikSutroM meM agragaNya zramaNa hUM | yaha eka zramaNopAsaka merI bAta ko kATa rahA hai / gautama ne socA, isakA nirNaya maiM bhagavAn mahAvIra se karA - U~gA / ve drutagati se udyAna meM Aye / bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana kiyA aura sArI samasyA kahI / bhagavAn mahAvIra to vItarAga the| unake mana meM bhalA kaba AtA ki mere agraNI ziSya kI pratiSThA kA prazna hai aura mujhe

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paiMtAlIsa zrAgama 66 isakI zAna rakhanI hai / unheM to yathArthaM hI kahanA thA / ve bole, - gautama ! prAyazcitta ke bhAgI tuma hI ho| tumane asatya kA Agraha liyA thA / Ananda ne jo kahA, vaha sambhava hai, satya hai / tuma inhIM pairoM vApisa jAo aura zramaNopAsaka Ananda se kSamA-yAcanA karo / I gautama bhI to vItarAga-sAdhanA ke pathika the / apane ahaM kA visarjana kara, grAnanda ke pAsa lautte| apanI bhUla ko svIkAra kiyA, Ananda se kSamA-yAcanA kI / 8. zrantagaDadasAno ( zrantakRddazA) nAma : vyAkhyA jina mahApuruSoM ne ghora tapasyA tathA Atma-sAdhanA dvArA nirvANa prApta kara janma-maraNa - AvAgamana kA anta kiyA, ve zrantakRt kahalAye | una arhatoM kA varNana hone se isa zrutAMga kA nAma antakRddazA~ga hai / isa zrutAMga meM ATha varga haiN| prathama meM daza, dvitIya Tha, tRtIya meM teraha, caturtha meM daza, paMcama meM daza, SaSTha meM solaha, saptama meM teraha, tathA aSTama varga meM daza adhyayana haiM / isa zrutAMga meM kathAnaka pUrNatayA varNita nahIM pAye jAte / 'vaNNao' aura 'jAva' zabdoM dvArA adhikAMza varNana vyAkhyA - prajJapti athavA jJAtAdharmakathA - Adi se pUrNa kara lene kI sUcanA mAtra kara dI gayI hai / sthAnAMga meM prantakRddazA kA jo varNana AyA hai, usase isakA vartamAna svarUpa mela nahIM khAtA / vahAM isake daza ' adhyayana batalAye haiM / una adhyayanoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. nami adhyayana, 2. mAtaMga adhyayana, 3. somila adhyayana, 4. rAmagupta adhyayana, 5. sudarzana adhyayana, 6. jamAli adhyayana, 7. bhagAli adhyayana, 1. dasa dasAno paNNattAno taM jahA kammavivAgadasAo, ubAsagadasAmro, aMtagaDavasAmro, bharaguttarovavAiyadasA, zrAyAradasAmro, paNhAvAgaraNadasAno, baMghadasAno, dogiddhidasAo, dIhadasApro, saMkheviyadasAo / - sthAnAMga sUtra; sthAna 10, 2

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jainAgama digdarzana 8. kiMkarmapallita adhyayana, 6. phAlita adhyayana, 10. maMDitaputra adhyayana | bahuta sambhAvita yaha pratIta hotA hai ki prArambha meM isa zrutAMga grantha meM upAsakadazA~ga kI taraha daza hI adhyayana rahe hoMge / pIche pallavita hokara vartamAna rUpa meM pahuMcA ho / jisa prakAra upAsakadazA meM gRhastha sAdhakoM yA zrAvakoM ke kathAnaka varNita haiM, usI taraha isa zrutAMga meM arhatoM ke kathAnaka varNita kiye gaye haiM aura ve prAyaH eka jaisI zailI meM likhe gaye haiM / 70 antakRddazA ke tRtIya varga ke aSTama adhyayana meM devakI - putra gajasukumAla kA kathAnaka hai; jo vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / yaha kathAnaka uttaravartI jaina sAhitya meM pallavita aura vikasita hokara avatarita huA hai / chaThe varga ke tRtIya adhyayana meM ajuna mAlAkAra kA kathAnaka hai, jo jaina sAhitya meM bahuta prasiddha hai / svatantra rUpa se isa kathAnaka para aneka racanAeM huI haiM / aSTama varga meM aneka prakAra kI tapo vidhiyoM, upavAsoM tathA vratoM kA varNana hai / 6. anuttarovavAiyadasAdho (anuttaropapAtikadazA) nAma : vyAkhyA tA~ga meM katipaya aise viziSTa mahApuruSoM ke prAkhyAna haiM, jinhoMne tapaH -pUrNa sAdhanA ke dvArA samAdhi-maraNa prApta kara anuttara vimAnoM meM janma liyA / vahAM se punaH kevala eka hI bAra manuSyayoni meM AnA hotA hai, arthAt usI mAnava bhava meM mokSa ho jAtA hai / anuttara aura upapAta ( udbhava, janma) ke yoga se yaha zabda banA hai, jo nvarthaka hai / tIna vargoM meM yaha zrutAMga vibhakta hai / prathama varga meM daza, dUsare varga meM teraha tathA tIsare varga meM daza adhyayana haiM / inameM caritroM kA varNana paripUrNa nahIM hai / kevala sUcana mAtra kara anyatra dekhane kA iMgita kara diyA gayA hai / prathama varga meM dhAriNI- putra jAli tathA tRtIya varga meM bhadrA putra dhanya kA caritra kucha vistAra ke sAtha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / dhanya anagAra kI tapasyA, tajjanita deha-kSINatA Adi aise

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paMtAlIsa Agama 71 prasaMga haiM, jo mahAsohanAdasutta, kassapasohanAdasutta Adi pAli-granthoM meM varNita buddha kI tapasyA-janita daihika kSINatA kA smaraNa karAte haiN| vartamAna rUpa : aparipUrNa, ayathAvat aisA anumAna hai ki isa grantha kA vartamAna meM jo svarUpa prApta hai. vaha paripUrNa aura yathAvat nahIM hai| sthAnAMga meM isake bhI daza adhyayanoM ko carcA pAI hai| pratIta hotA hai, prArambha meM upAsakadazA tathA antakRddazA kI taraha isake bhI daza adhyayana rahe hoM, jo aba kevala tIna vargoM ke rUpa meM avaziSTa haiM / 10. paNhavAgaraNAI (praznavyAkaraNa) nAma ke pratirUpa zra tAMga ke nAma meM prazna aura vyAkaraNa : ina do zabdoM kA yoga hai, jisakA artha hai praznoM kA vizleSaNa, uttara yA samAdhAna / para, Aja isakA jo svarUpa prApta hai, usase spaSTa hai ki isameM praznottaroM kA sarvathA abhAva hai| vartamAna rUpa praznavyAkaraNa kA jo saMskaraNa prApta hai, vaha do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale khaNDa meM pAMca prAsrava dvAra-hiMsA, mRSAvAda 1. aNuttarovavAiyadasAraNaM dasa ajjhayaraNA paNNattA taM jahA isidAse ya dhaNNe ya, sUnakkhatta ya kittiye / saMThArane sAlibha e, pAraNaMde teyalI iya / / dasannabhadde ahamutte eme te dasa prAhiyA / -sthAnA~ga sUtra; sthAna 10, 66 2. praznAzca pRcchA, vyAkaraNAni ca nirvacanAni samAhAratvAt prazna vyAkaraNam / tatpratipAdako granthopi praznavyAkaraNam / praznAaMguSTAdiprazna vidyAstA vyAkriyante abhidhIyante yasminniti praznavyAkaraNam / pravacanapuruSasya dazame'Gge / ayaM ca vyutpattyarthosya pUrvakAle'bhUt / idAnIM tvAsravapaMcakasaMvarapaMcakavyAkRtirevehopalabhyate ... / -abhidhAna rAjendra ; paMcama bhAga, pR0 361

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72 jainAgama digdarzana (asatya), adatta (caurya), brahmacarya tathA, parigraha kA svarUpa bar3e vistAra ke sAtha batalAyA gayA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM pAMca saMvaradvAraahiMsA, satya, datta (acaurya), brahmacarya tathA niSparigraha kI vizada vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| prAcArya abhayadevasUri kI TIkA ke atirikta AcArya jJAnavimala kI bhI isa para TIkA hai / vartamAna-svarUpa : samIkSA sthAnAMga sUtra meM prazna vyAkaraNa ke upamA, saMkhyA, RSibhASita, prAcArya-bhASita, mahAvIra-bhASita, kSomaka' prazna, komala prazna, prAdarza-prazna,2 agaSTha prazna tathA bAhu prazna; ina daza adhyayanoM kI carcA hai| nandIsUtra meM eka sau pATha prazna, eka sau pATha aprazna, eka sau pATha praznAprazna, aMguSTha ke prazna, bAhu ke prazna, Adarza (darpaNa) prazna, anya aneka divya vidyAoM (mantra-prayoga), nAgakumAra tathA svarNakumAra devoM ko siddha kara divya saMvAda prApta karanA Adi praznavyAkaraNa ke viSaya vaNita huye haiN|4 1. vidyA-vizeSa, jisase vastra meM devatA kA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai / -~pAiprasahamahaNNavo, pR0 281 2. vidyA-vizeSa, jisase darpaNa meM devatA kA Agamana hotA hai / -pAiprasahamahaNNavo, pR0 51 3. paNhAvAgaraNadasAraNaM dasa ajjhayaraNA pa0, taM0 uvamA, saMkhA, isibhA siyAiM, pAyariyabhAsiyAI, mahAvIrabhAsiyAI, khomagapasiraNAiM, komalapasiNAI, adAgapasiNAI, aMguTThapasiNAI, baahupsinnaaii| -sthAnAMga; sthAna 10, 68 4. se ki taM paNhAvAgaraNAiM ? paNhAvAgaraNesu raNaM aThuttaraM pasiNasayaM, aThuttaraM apasiNasayaM, aThuttaraM pasiNApasiNa sayaM / taM jahAaMguThThapasiNAiM, bAhupasiNAI, addAgapasiNAI, NNe vicittA divvA vijjAiM, sayA nAga-suvaNNehiM sihi divA saMvAyA prAdhavijjaMti, paNhAvAgaraNANaM parittA vAyaNA saMkhijjA praNuprogadArA, saMkhijjAver3hA, saMkhijjA silogaa.......| -nandI sUtra; pR0 185-86.

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paMtAlIsamAgama 73 sthAnAMga aura nandI meM prazna-vyAkaraNa ke svarUpa kA jo vizleSaNa huA hai, vaisA kucha bhI Aja usameM nahIM miltaa| isase yaha anumAna karanA anucita nahIM hogA, sthAnAMga aura nandI ke anusAra isakA jo maulika rUpa thA, vaha raha nahIM paayaa| sambhavataH usakA viccheda ho gayA ho| 11. vivAgasuya (vipAkazrata) azubha-pApa aura zubha-puNya karmoM ke duHkhAtmaka tathA sukhAtmaka vipAka (phala) kA isa zra tAMga meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isI kAraNa yaha vipAka zru ta yA vipAka sUtra kahA jAtA hai| do zru taskandhoM meM yaha zru tAMga vibhakta hai| pahalA zruta-skandha duHkha-vipAka viSayaka hai tathA dUsarA sukha-vipAka vissyk| pratyeka meM daza daza adhyayana haiM, jinameM jIva dvArA Acarita karmoM ke anurUpa hone vAle duHkhAtmaka aura sukhAtmaka phaloM kA vizleSaNa hai| jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta kA jo sUkSma, talasparzI evaM vizada vivecana huaA hai, vizva ke darzana-vAGmaya meM vaha ananya va asAdhAraNa hai| usake sodAharaNa vizleSaNa-vivecana kI dRSTi se yaha grantha bahata upayogI hai| isameM jahA~ kahIM laTThI Teka kara calatA huA, bhIkha mAMgatA huaA koI andhA dikhAI detA hai. vahA~ kahIM khAsa, kAsa, kapha, bhagandara, khujalI, kuSTa Adi bhayAvaha rogoM se pIr3ita manuSya milate haiM / rAjapuruSoM dvArA nirdayatApUrvaka tAr3ita, pIDita tathA udvelita kiye jAte loga dikhAI dete haiN| garbhavatI striyoM ke dohada, nara-bali, vezyAoM ke pralobhana, nAnA prakAra ke mAMsa-saMskAra va miSThAnna Adi ke viSaya meM bhI prastuta grantha meM vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| isase purAtanakAlIna mAnyatAoM, pravRttiyoM, prathAoM, aparAdhoM Adi kA sahaja hI paricaya prApta hotA hai / sAmAjika adhyayana kI dRSTi se yaha zru tAMga bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| sthAnAMga meM kammavivAgadasAno ke nAma se ullekha huA hai| vahAM uvAsagadasAmo, aMtagaDadasAyo, aNuttarovavAiyadasAno tathA

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74 jainAgama digdarzana paNhAvAgaraNadasAno kI taraha isake daza adhyayana batalAye gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM :-1. mRgAputra adhyayana, 2. gotrAsa adhyayana, 3. aNDa adhyayana, 4. zakaTa adhyayana, 5. brAhmaNa adhyayana, 6. nandiSeNa adhyayana, 7. saukarika adhyayana, 8. udumbara adhyayana, 6. sahasradAha Amalaka adhyayana, 10. kumAralakSmI adhyyn| vartamAna meM prApta vipAka sUtra ke prathama zruta-skandha ke daza adhyayana 2 isa prakAra haiM:-1 mRgAputra adhyayana, 2. ujjhita adhyayana, 3. abhagga (abhagna) sena adhyayana, 4. zakaTa adhyayana, 5. bRhaspati adhyayana, 6. nandi adhyayana, 7. umbara adhyayana, 8. zauryadatta adhyayana, 6. devadattA adhyayana, 10. aMju adhyayana / dvitIya zra ta-skandha ke adhyayana isa prakAra haiM : 1. subAhu adhyayana, 2. bhadranandI adhyayana, 3. sujAta adhyayana, 4. sudAsava adhyayana, 5. jinadAsa adhyayana, 6. dhanapati adhyayana, 7. mahAbala adhyayana, 8. bhadranandI adhyayana, 6. mahAcandra adhyayana tathA 10. varadatta adhyayana / 1. kammavivAgadasANaM dasa majjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahA-- miyAputte ya guttAse aMDe sagaDe i yAvare / mAhaNe naMdiseNe ya, sUrie ya udubare / sahasuddAhe prAmalae, kumAre lacchaI ti ya / --sthAnAMga; sthAna 10, 63 2. samoNaM prAigareNaM jAva saMpatteNaM duhavivAgANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahA--miyAputte, ujjhiyae, abhagga, sagaDe, vahassai, naMdI, Ubara, soriyadatte ya devadattA ya, aMju ya / -vipAka sUtra; prathama zruta-skandha, prathama pra0 6 3. samaNeNaM jAva saMpatteNaM suhavivAgANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA taM jahA subAhu, bhaddaNaMdI, sujAye, suvAsave, taheva jiNadAse / ghaNapati ya mahabbalo, bhaddaNaMdI, mahaca de, varadatte / / --vipAka sUtra; dvitIya zruta-skandha, prathama pra0, 2

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paitAlIsa Agama dvitIya zruta-skandha meM subAhukumAra se sambaddha prathama adhyayana, vistRta hai / agrima nau adhyayana atyanta saMkSipta haiN| unameM pAtroM ke carita kI sUcanAeM mAtra haiM / prAyaH subAhukumAra kI taraha parijJAta karane kA saMketa kara kathAnaka kA saMkSepa kara diyA gayA hai| inheM kevala nAma-mAtra ke adhyayana kahA jA sakatA hai| __sthAnAMga sUtra meM varNita kammavivAgadasAo ke tathA vipAka satra prathama zrata-skandha ke nimnAMkita adhyayana prAyaH nAma-sAdRzya liye hue haiM : sthAnAMga vipAka-sUtra, prathama zra ta-skandha. 1. mRgAputra adhyayana 1. mRgAputra adhyayana 4. zakaTa adhyayana 4. zakaTa adhyayana 6. nandiSeNa adhyayana 6. nandi (nandiSeNa) adhyayana 7. udumbara adhyayana 7. umbara adhyayana tulanAtmaka vivecana se aisA anumAna asambhAvya koTi meM nahIM jAtA ki vipAka (sUtra) kA svarUpa kucha yathAvat rahA ho, kucha parivartita yA zabdAntarita huA ho| adhyayanoM kI krama-sthApanA meM bhI kucha bhinnatA AI ho| 12. diThivAya (dRSTivAda) sthAnAMga meM dRSTivAda ke paryAya pUrvo ke vivecana-prasaMga meM dRSTivAda ke viSaya meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai| ise vichinna mAnA jAtA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM isake daza paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha humA hai : 1. dRSTivAda, 2. hetuvAda, 3. bhUtavAda, 4. tattvavAda, 5. samyakavAda, 6. dharmavAda. 7. bhASAvijaya, 8. pUrvagata, 6. anuyogagata, 10. sarvaprANa bhUtajIva satva sukhAvaha / 1. diTThivAyassa raNaM dasa nAmadhijjA pa0 taM0 diTThivAei vA hetuvAei vA bhUyavAei vA taccAvAei vA sammAvAei vA dhammAvAei vA bhAsAvijayei vA pUvvagaei vA araNuprogaei vA samvapANabhUyajIvasattasuhAvahei vA / -sthAnAMga satra; sthAna 10, 77.

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76 jainAgama digdarzana dRSTivAda ke meda : uhApoha - samavAyAMga Adi meM dRSTivAda ke pAMca bhedoM kA ullekha hai :1. parikarma, 2. sUtra, 3. pUrvagata, 4. anuyoga, 5. cuulikaa| sthAnAMga sUtra meM diye gaye haSTivAda ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM AThavAM 'pUrvagata' hai / yahAM dRSTivAda ke bhedoM meM tIsarA 'pUrvagata' hai| arthAt 'pUrvagata' kA prayoga dRSTivAda ke paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI huA hai aura usake eka bheda ke rUpa meM bhii| donoM sthAnoM para usakA prayoga. sAdhAraNatayA aisA pratIta hotA hai, bhinnArthakatA liye huye honA cAhiye; kyoMki dRSTivAda samaSTyAtmaka saMjJA hai, isalie usake paryAya ke rUpa meM prayukta 'pUrvagata' kA yahI artha hotA hai. jo dRSTivAda kA hai| dRSTivAda ke eka bheda ke rUpa meM AyA huaA 'pUrvagata' zabda sAmAnyataH dRSTivAda ke eka bhAga yA aMza kA dyotaka hotA hai, jisakA Azaya caturdaza pUrvAtmaka jJAna hai| zAbdika artha kI dRSTi se dRSTivAda aura pUrvagata-caturdaza pUrva-jJAna eka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| para, sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karanA hogaa| vastutaH caturdaza pUrvo ke jJAna kI vyApakatA itanI adhika hai ki usameM saba prakAra kA jJAna samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| kucha bhI avazeSa nahIM rhtaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki caturdaza pUrvaghara kI saMjJA zrata-kevalI hai| pUrvagata ko dRSTivAda kA jo eka bheda kahA gayA hai, vahA~ sambhavataH eka bhinna dRSTikoNa rahA hai| pUrvagata ke atirikta anya bhedoM dvArA vibhinna vidhAoM ko saMketita karane kA abhiprAya unake vizeSa parizIlana se pratIta hotA hai| kucha pramukha viSaya - jJAna ke katipaya viziSTa pakSa. jinakI jIvana meM apekSAkRta vizeSa upayogitA hotI hai, vizeSa rUpa se parizIlanIya hote haiM; ataH sAmAnya-vizeSa ke dRSTikoNa se yaha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai / arthAt sAmAnyataH to pUrvagata meM samagra jJAna-rAzi samAyI huI hai hI, para, vizeSa rUpa se tadvyatirikta bhedoM kI vahAM adhyetavyatA vivakSita hai| meda-prabhedoM ke rUpa meM vistAra dRSTivAda ke jo pAMca bheda batalAye gaye haiM, unake bheda-prabhaMdoM

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paMtAlIsa Agama 77 ke bhI ullekha prApta hote haiN| unase adhigata hotA hai ki parikarma ke antargata lipi-vijJAna aura gaNita kA vivecana thaa| sUtra ke antargata chinnachedanaya, achinnachedanaya tathA caturnaya Adi vimarza-paripATiyoM kA vizleSaNa thaa| chinnachedanaya va caturnaya kI paripATiyAM nirgranthoM dvArA tathA pracchinnachedanayAtmaka paripATI AjIvakoM dvArA vyahRta thii| Age cala kara ina saba kA samAveza jaina nayavAda meM ho gyaa| anuyoga kA tAtparya dRSTivAda kA caturtha bheda anuyoga hai, use prathamAnuyoga tathA gaNDikAnuyoga' ke rUpa meM do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| prathama meM arhatoM ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna Adi se sambaddha itivRtta kA samAveza hai, jaba ki dUsare meM kulakara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi mahApuruSoM ke carita kaa| jisa prakAra ke viSayoM ke nirUpaNa kI carcA hai, usase anuyoga ko prAcIna jaina purANa kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| digambaraparamparA meM isakA sAmAnya nAma prathamAnuyoga hI prApta hotA hai| dRSTivAda ke paMcama bheda cUlikA ke sambandha meM kahA gayA haicUlA (cUlikA) kA artha zikhara hai| jisa prakAra meru parvata kI cUlAeM (cUlikAe) yA zikhara haiM, usI prakAra dRSTivAda ke antargata parikarma, sUtra, pUrva aura anuyoga meM ukta aura anukta; donoM prakAra ke arthoM-vivecanoM kI saMgrAhikA, grantha-paddhatiyAM cUlikAyeM haiN| cUrNikAra ne batalAyA hai ki dRSTivAda meM parikarma, sUtra, pUrva aura anuyoga meM jo abhaNita yA avyAkhyAta hai, use cUlikAoM meM vyAkhyAta kiyA gayA hai| prArambha ke cAra pUrvo kI jo cUlikAyeM haiM, unhIM kA yahAM abhiprAya hai / digambara-paramparA meM aisA nahIM mAnA 1. ihaikavaktavyatAdhikArAnugatA vAkyapaddhatayo gaNDikA ucyante / taasaamnuyogo'rthkthnvidhigNnnddikaanuyogaaH| -abhidhAnarAjendra; tRtIya bhAga, pR0 761. 2. (1) utpAda, (2) agrAyaNIya, (3) vIryapravAda, (4) asti nAsti-pravAda / 3. atha kAztAzcUlA: ? iha cUlA zikharamucyate / yathA merI cUlAH, tatra

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jainAgama digdarzana jaataa| vahAM cUlikA ke pAMca bheda batalAye gaye haiM : 1. jalagata, 2. sthalagata, 3. mAyAgata, 4. rUpagata tathA 5. AkAzagata / aisA anumeya hai ki ina cUlikA-bhedoM ke viSaya meM sambhavataH indrajAla tathA mantra tantrAtmaka Adi the, jo jaina dharma kI tAttvika (dArzanika) tathA samIkSA - pradhAna dRSTi ke Age adhika samaya taka Tika nahIM sake; kyoMki inakI adhyAtma - utkarSa se saMgati nahIM thI / dvAdaza upAMga 78 upAMga 1 prAcIna paramparA se zruta kA vibhAjana zraMga-praviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM calA A rahA hai / nandI sUtra meM aMga bAhya kA kAlika aura utkAlika sUtroM ke rUpa meM vivecana huA hai| jo sUtra grantha Aja upAMgoM meM antargabhita haiM, unakA unameM samAveza ho jAtA hai / -granthoM ke samakakSa utanI hI (bAraha) saMkhyA meM upAMga granthoM kA nirdhAraNa huA / usake pIche kyA sthitiyAM rahI, kucha bhI spaSTa nahIM hai / prAgama puruSa kI kalpanA kI gii| jahAM usake prAMga sthAnIya . zAstroM kI parikalpanA aura aMga sUtroM kI tatsthAnika pratiSThApanA huI, vahAM upAMga bhI kalpita kiye gaye / isase adhika sambhavataH koI tathya, jo aitihAsikatA kI koTi meM AtA ho, prApta nahIM hai / AcArya umAsvAti ke tattvArtha bhASya meM upAMga zabda vyavahRta huA hai / aga : upAMga : asAdRzya ga gaNadhara racita haiM / unake apane viSaya haiM / upAMga sthaviraracita haiM / unake apane viSaya haiM / viSaya-vastu vivecana Adi kI [ pUrva pRSTha kA zeSa ] cUlA iva vUlA dRSTivAde parikarmmasUtra pUrvAnuyogoktAnuktArthasaMgrahaparA granthapaddhatayaH / tathA cAha cUriNakRt - diTThivAe jaM parikammasutta puvvA gujoge cUli na bhariNayaM taM cUlAsu bhariNayaM ti / atra sUrirAha-cUlA prAdimAnAM caturNAM pUrvAraNA, zeSAriNa pUrvANyacUlikAni, tA eva cUlA........... - zrabhidhAna rAjendra caturtha bhAga, pR0 2515

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'paitAlIsa prAgama 76 dRSTi se ve paraspara prAyaH asahaza yA bhinna haiN| udAharaNArtha, pahalA upAMga pahale aMga se viSaya, vizleSaNa, prastutIkaraNa Adi kI dRSTi se sambaddha honA cAhiye, para, vaisA nahIM hai| yahI lagabhaga sabhI upAMgoM ke sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadi yathArtha saMgati jor3eM to. upAMga aMgo ke pUraka hone cAhiye, jo nahIM haiN| phira isa nAma kI pratiSThApanA kaise huI, koI vyakta samAdhAna dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| . vedoM ke aMga .. bhArata ke prAcIna vAGmaya meM vedoM kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| vedoM ke artha ko samajhane ke liye, vahAM vedAMgoM kI kalpanA kI gayI, jo zikSA (vaidika saMhitAoM ke zuddha uccAraNa tathA svara-saMcAra ke niyama-grantha), vyAkaraNa, chandaH zAstra, nirukta (vyutpatti-zAstra), jyotiSa tathA kalpa (yajJAdi-prayogoM ke upapAdana-grantha) ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / inake samyag adhyayana ke binA vedoM ko yathAvat samajhanA tathA yAjJika rUpa meM unakA kriyAnvayana sambhava nahIM ho sakatA; ataH unakA adhyayana Avazyaka mAnA gayA / vedoM ke upAMga vedArtha kI aura adhika spaSTatA tathA jana-grAhyatA sAdhane ke hetu uparyukta vedAMgoM ke atirikta vedoM ke cAra upAMgoM kI kalpanA kI gayI, jinameM purANa, nyAya,mImAMsA tathA dharmazAstra kA svIkAra huaa| 1. chandaH pAdau tu vedasya, hastau kalpo'tha paThyate / jyotiSAmayanaM cakSuniruktaM zrotramucyate // zikSA ghrANaM tu vedasya, mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam / tasmAta sAMgamadhItyaiva, brahmaloke mahIyate / -pANinIya zikSA; 41-42 2. (ka) saMskRta-hindI koza : ApTe, pR0 214 (kha) Sanskrit-English Dictionary, by Sir Monier M. William, P. 213. (ga) puraannnyaaymiimaaNsaadhrmshaastraaNgmishritaaH| __ vedA : sthAnAni vidyAnAM dharmasya ca caturdaza / ___ yAjJavalkya smRti: 1-3.

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jainAgama digdarzana yaha bhI prAvazyakatA ke . anurUpa huA aura isase abhIpsita dhyeya sadhA bhii| phalataH vedAdhyayana meM sugamatA huii| upavedoM kI parikalpanA . vaidika sAhitya meM cAroM vedoM ke samakakSa cAra upavedoM kI bhI kalpanA huI, jo Ayurveda gAndharva veda (saMgIta-zAstra), dhanurveda aura arthazAstra (rAjanIti-vijJAna) ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| ..." ___vedoM ke aMgoM tathA upAMgoM kI pratiSThApanA kI to sArthakatA siddha huI, para, upaveda vedoM ke kisa rUpa meM pUraka huye; dArzanika dRSTi se utanA spaSTa nahIM hai, jitanA honA caahiye| udAharaNArtha, sAmaveda ko gAndharva veda se jor3A jA sakatA hai, usI taraha anya vedoM kI bhI vedoM ke sAtha saMgati sAdhane ke lie vivakSA ho sakatI hai| dUrAnvitatayA saMgati jor3anA yA paraspara tAlamela biThAnA kahIM bhI duHsambhava nahIM hotA / para, vaha kevala tarka-kauzala aura vAda-naipuNya kI sImA meM pAtA hai| usameM vastutaH satyopapAdana kA bhAva nahIM hotaa| para, 'upa' upasarga ke sAtha niSpanna zabdoM meM jo 'pUrakatA' kA vizeSa guNa honA cAhiye, vaha kahAM taka phalita hotA hai, yahI dekhanA hai / jaise, gAndharva upaveda sAmaveda se niHsata yA vikasita zAstra ho sakatA hai, para, vaha sAmaveda kA pUraka ho, jisake binA sAmaveda meM kucha apUrNatA pratIta hotI ho, aisA kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? sAmaveda aura gAndharva upaveda kI to kisI-na-kisI taraha saMgati baiTha bhI sakatI hai, para, auroM ke sAtha aisA nahIM ho sktaa| phira bhI aisA kiyA gayA, yaha kyoM ? isa prazna kA itthaMbhUta samAdhAna sulabha nahIM dIkhatA / ho sakatA hai, dhanurveda Adi lokajanIna zAstroM ko mUla vaidika vAGmaya kA aMza yA bhAga siddha karane kI utkaMThA kA yaha pariNAma huA ho| jaina zru topAMga aMga-praviSTa yA aMga-zru ta sarvAdhika prAmANika hai; kyoMki vaha bhagavatprarUpita aura gaNadhara-sarjita hai / tadvyatirikta sAhitya (sthavirakRta) kA prAmANya usake aMgAnugata hone para hai| vartamAna meM jise upAMga-sAhitya kahA jA sakatA hai, vaha saba aMga-bAhya meM sanniviSTa hai / usakA prAmANya aMgAnugatatA para hai, svatantra nhiiN|

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paiMtAlIsa Agama phira bAraha granthoM ko upAMgoM ke rUpa meM liye jAne ke pIche koI vizeSa upayogitAvAdI, sArthakatAvAdI dRSTikoNa rahA ho, yaha spaSTa bhASita nahIM hotA / veda ke sahAyaka aMga tathA upAMga granthoM kI taraha jaina manISiyoM kA bhI apane kucha mahatvapUrNa aMga bAhya granthoM ko upAMga de dene kA vicAra huA ho / krama-sajjA, nAma - sauSThava Adi ke atirikta isake mUla meM kucha aura bhI rahA ho, yaha gaveSya hai; kyoMki hamAre samakSa spaSTa nahIM hai / upAMgoM (jaina zrutopAMgoM ) ke viSaya meM ye vikIrNa jaise vicAra haiM / jaina manISiyoM para inake sandarbha meM vizeSa rUpa se cintana aura gaveSaNA kA dAyitva hai | 1. uvavAiya ( zrovavAiya) (aupapAtika) jhopapAtika kA artha 81 upapAta kA artha prAdurbhAva yA janmAntara-saMkramaNa hai / upapAta Urdhvagamana yA siddhi-gamana (siddhatva prApti) ke liye bhI vyavahRta huA hai / isa aMga meM naraka va svarga meM utpanna hone vAloM tathA siddhi prApta karane vAloM kA varNana hai; isalie yaha propapAtika hai| yaha pahalA upAMga hai / " nAnA pariNAmoM, vicAroM, bhAvanAoM tathA sAdhanAoM se bhavAntara prApta karane vAle jIvoM kA punarjanma kisa prakAra hotA hai, aneka udAharaNa prastuta karate huye isa Agama meM hRdayagrAhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM nagara, udyAna, vRkSa, pRthvIzilA, rAjA, rAnI, manuSya pariSad, deva-pariSad, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke guNa, sAdhuoM kI upamAe~, tapa ke 354 bheda, kevali samuddhAta, siddha, siddha-sukha Adi ke vizada varNana prApta hote haiM / anya (zruta) granthoM meM isI grantha kA ullekha kara yahAM se parijJAta karane kA saMketa kara 1. upapatanamupapAto devanArakajanmasiddhigamanaM cAtastamadhikRtya kRta madhyayanamaupapAtikamidaM copAMgaM vartate / - prabhidhAna rAjendra; tRtIya bhAga, pR0 60

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82 jainAgama digdarzana unheM varNita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| zru ta-vAGmaya meM varNanAtmaka zailI kI racanAoM meM yaha mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| 2. rAyapaseragIna (rAja praznIya) deva-adhikAra, deva-vimAna-adhikAra, deva-Rddhi-adhikAra, 'paradesI rAjA adhikAra tathA dRr3hapratijJakumAra adhikAra nAmaka pAMca adhikAroM meM yaha pAgama vibhakta hai / prathama tIna adhikAroM meM sUryAbha deva kA, caturtha adhikAra meM paradezI rAjA kA tathA paMcama meM dRr3hapratijJa kumAra kA varNana hai| gaNadhara gautama dvArA mahA samRddhi, vipula vaibhava, anupama dIpti, kAnti aura zobhA sampanna sUryAbhadeva kA pUrva-bhava pUche jAne para bhagavAn mahAvIra unheM usakA pUrva-bhava batalAte hue kahate haiM ki, yaha 'pUrva-bhava meM rAjA paradezI thaa| yahIM se rAjA paradezI kA vRttAnta prArambha ho jAtA hai, jo isa sUtra kA saba se adhika mahatvapUrNa bhAga hai / rAjA paradezI anAtmavAdI yA jar3avAdI thaa| usakA bhagavAn pArzva ke pramukha ziSya kezIkumAra ke samparka meM Ane kA prasaMga banatA hai| anAtmavAda aura AtmavAda ke sandarbha meM vistRta vArtAlApa hotA hai| rAjA paradezI anAtmavAdI, apunarjanmavAdI tathA jar3avAdI dRSTikoNa ko lekara aneka prazna upasthita karatA hai, tarka prastuta karatA hai| zramaNa kezIkumAra yukti aura nyAyapUrvaka vistAra se usakA samAdhAna karate haiN| rAjA paradezI satya ko svIkAra kara letA hai aura zramaNopAsaka bana jAtA hai| dharmArAdhanA pUrvaka jIvana-yApana karane lagatA hai| rAnI dvArA viSa-prayoga, rAjA dvArA kisI bhI taraha se vidviSTa aura vikSubdha bhAva ke binA AmaraNa anazana pUrvaka prANa tyAga ke sAtha yaha adhikAra samApta ho jAtA hai| AtmavAda tathA jar3avAda kI prAcIna paramparAoM aura vimarzapaddhatiyoM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa sUtra kA yaha bhAga atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / gaNadhara gautama ke pUche jAne para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Age batAyA ki sUryAbhadeva apane agrima janma meM dRDhapratijJakumAra

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paitAlIsa Agama 83 hogaa| isa prakAra antima adhikAra meM bhaviSyamANa jIvana-vRtta kA ullekha hai| - sUryAbhadeva ke vizAla, sundara, samRddha aura sarvavidha suvidhApUrNa susajja vimAna kI racanA Adi ke prasaMga meM jo varNana pAyA hai, vahAM toraNa, zAlabhaMjikA, stambha, vedikA supratiSThaka, phalaka, karaNDaka, sUcikA, prekSAgaha, vAdya, abhinaya Adi zabda bhI prApta hote haiN| vAstava meM prAcIna sthApatya, saMgIta Adi ke parizIlana kI dRSTi se yaha prasaMga mahatvapUrNa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa devakumAroM tathA devakumAriyoM dvArA batIsa prakAra ke nATaka pradarzita kiye jAne kA prasaMga prAcIna nRtta, nRtya aura nATya Adi ke sandarbha meM eka vizleSaNIya aura vivecanIya viSaya hai| nandI-sUtra meM rAyapaseNiya zabda pAyA hai| prAcArya malayagiri ne isa nAma ko rAyapaseNI mAnA hai| DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina ne isake liye rAyapaseNaiya kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa sUtra ke pradhAna pAtra yA kathA-nAyaka ke sambandha meM ekamatya nahIM hai| usa matadUdha kA AdhAra yaha nAma bhI banA hai / paramparA se rAjA paradezI isa sUtra ke kathAnaka kA mukhya pAtra hai| para, DA0 viNTaranitja ke matAnusAra mUlataH isa Agama meM kozala ke itihAsa-prasiddha rAjA prasenajit kI kathA thii| bAda meM use rAjA paradezI se jor3ane kA prayatna huaa| rAyapaseNIya tathA rAyapaseNaiya zabdoM kA sambandha to rAjA prasenajit se jur3atA hai, para, vartamAna meM prApta kathAnaka kA sambandha aitihAsika dRSTi se rAjA prasenajit se jor3anA sambhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| yaha sArA kathA-krama kaise parivartita huA, kyA-kyA sthitiyA~ utpanna huI, kucha kahA jAnA zakya nahIM hai| isalie jaba taka paripuSTa 1. nRttaM tAlalayAzrayam / tAla se mAtrA aura laya se dra ta, madhya tathA manda / jaise loka-nRtya, bhIloM kA garabA / 2. bhAvAzrayaM nRtyam / nRtya meM gAtra-vikSepa se bhAva-vyaMjanA / jaise, bharatanATyam, katthaka-nRtya, udayazaMkara ke nRtya / vizeSa-nRtta aura nRtya ke do-do bheda haiM-lAsya-madhura, tANDava-uddhata /

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84 .. jainAgama digdarzana pramANa na mile, taba taka kevala nAma-sA~gatya koI Thosa AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa Agama kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai, rAjA pradezI ke anaghar3a prazna aura kezIkumAra zramaNa ke maMje-majAye uttr| rAjA pradezI kahatA hai-"bhadanta ! maiMne eka bAra Atma-svarUpa ko samajhane, sAkSAt dekhane ke lie prayoga kiyaa| eka jIvita cora ke do Tukar3e kiye, para, AtmA kahIM dikhAI nahIM pdd'ii| do ke cAra, cAra ke ATha, isa taraha maiM usake zarIra kA khaNDa-khaNDa karate hI gayA, para AtmA kahIM nahIM milii| AtmA yadi zarIra se bhinna tattva ho, to avazya vaha pakar3a meM aatii|" kezIkumAra zramaNa-"rAjan ! tU kaThiyAre kI taraha mUrkha hai| cAra kaThiyAroM ne vana meM jAkara eka ko rasoI kA kAma sauNpaa| tIna lakar3iyAM kATane meM lge| agni ke lie use 'araNI' kI lakar3I de gye| rasoI ke lie sthita kaThiyAre ko yaha mAlUma nahIM thA ki araNI kA gharSaNa kara ke kaise agni utpanna kI jAtI hai| usane bhI agni prakaTa karane ke lie 'araNI' para kuThAra maaraa| do, cAra, chaha Tukar3e karatA hI gyaa| cUrNa kara diyaa| para agni kahAM? hatAza baiThA rhaa| rasoI na banA skaa| tInoM kaThiyAre vApisa aaye| vastu sthiti se avagata hokara bole - bar3A murkha hai tU, aise bhI kabhI agni prakaTa hotI hai ? dekha, eka catura kaThiyAre ne tatkAla yathAvidhi gharSaNa kara use agni prakaTa kara dikhAI / rAjan ! tU bhI kyA kaThiyAre jaisA mUrkha nahIM haiM ?" pradezI-"bhante ! maiM to murkha kaThiyAre jaisA hUM, para Apa to catura kaThiyAre jaise haiN| usane jaise agni prakaTa kara batAI, Apa bhI AtmA ko prakaTa kara btaayeN|" ___ kezIkumAra zramaNa-"rAjan ! isI udyAna meM hilate hue vRkSoM ko dekha rahe ho ?" pradezI-"hA~, bhante !" kezIkumAra zramaNa-"yaha bhI batAo, inheM kauna hilA rahA hai ?"

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paMtAlIsa mAgama pradezI--"bhante ! pavana / " kezIkumAra zramaNa-"rAjan ! tuma kyA dekha rahe ho ki pavana kaisA hai. usakA varNa, prAkAra kaisA hai ?" pradezI-"bhante ! pavana dekhane kA viSaya nahIM, vaha to anubhUti kA viSaya hai|" kezIkumAra zramaNa-"rAjan ! AtmA bhI dekhane kA viSaya nahIM, anubhUti kA viSaya hai| vaha cetanA, anubhUti, jJAna Adi apane guNoM se anubhUta hotI hai|" pradezI-"bhante ! ApakI prajJA prabala hai| Apane mujhe niruttara kiyA hai, para, isa viSaya meM mere anya prazna haiN|" pradezI va kezIkumAra zramaNa ke praznottaroM kA isa prakAra eka pralamba krama isa Agama meM hai| anta meM pradezI rAjA pratibaddha hotA hai, para pArhat-dharma ko svIkAra karanA nahIM caahtaa| taba use loha vaNik ke udAharaNa se samajhAyA jAtA hai / kezIkumAra zramaNa kahate haiM-"rAjan ! tuma to vaise hI mUrkha nikale, jaise loha vaNik thaa|" pradezI-"bhante ! usane kyA mUrkhatA kI ?" kezIkumAra zramaNa-"cAra vaNik dezAntara ke lie nikle| araNya meM jAte hue kramazaH lohA, cAMdI, sonA va ratnoM kI khAne paaii| tIna vaNikoM ne loha ke badale cAMdI, cAMdI ke badale sonA, sone ke badale ratna uThA liye| eka vaNika lohA hI uThAye calatA rhaa| kahA, to bhI na mAnA / apanI nagarI meM lauTane ke pazcAt tInoM vaNik zrImanta ho gye| vaha lohA becakara cane becane kI pherI lagAne lgaa| kAlAntara se jaba usane apane tIna sAthiyoM kA vaibhava dekhA, apanI bhUla para ro-rokara pachatAne lgaa| rAjan ! arhat-dharma rUpa ratnoM ko svIkAra nahIM kara ke kAlAntara se loha vaNik kI taraha tuma bhI pchtaaoge| prastuta pAgama meM AstikatA-nAstikatA jaise durgama prazna ko sarasa va sugama rUpa se sulajhAyA gayA hai| pradezI rAjA arhad-dharma

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jainAgama digdarzana svIkAra kara usakI kaThina aArAdhanA karatA hai| isa pAgama kA yahI kathAnaka bauddha-paramparA meM lagabhaga isI rUpa meM cacita hai| 3. jIvAjIvAbhigama upAMga ke nAma se hI spaSTa hai, isameM jIva, ajIva, unake bheda, prabheda Adi kA vistRta varNana hai| saMkSepa meM ise jIvAbhigama bhI kahA jAtA hai| paramparA se aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki kabhI isameM bIsa vibhAga the, parantu, vartamAna meM jo saMskaraNa prApta hai, usameM kevala nau pratipattiyA~' (prakaraNa) milatI haiM, jo 272 sUtroM meM vibhakta haiM / ho sakatA hai, ve bIsa vibhAga yA unakA mahatvapUrNa bhAga yA lupta ho jAne se bacA huprA bhAga ina nau pratipattiyoM meM vibhakta kara saMkalana kI dRSTi se naye rUpa meM prastuta kara diyA gayA ho| ye saba anumAna haiM, jinase adhika vitarkaNA karane ke sAdhana Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| gaNadhara gautama ke prazna aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttara kI zRkhalA meM isa grantha meM rUpI, arUpI, siddha, saMsArI, strI, puruSa va napuMsaka veda, sAtoM narakoM meM pratara, tiryaMca, bhuvanapati, vyantara, jyotiSka deva, jambUdvIpa, lavaNa samudra, uttara kuru, nIlavantAdi draha, dhAtakI khaNDa, kAlodadhi, mAnuSottara parvata, manuSya loka, anyAnya dvIpa-samudra Adi kA varNana hai| kahIM-kahIM varNanoM kA vistAra hayA hai| prasaMgopAttatayA isameM lokotsava, yAna, alaMkAra, udyAna, vApikA, sarovara, bhavana, siMhAsana, miSThAnna, madirA, dhAtu Adi kI bhI carcA pAI hai| prAcIna bhArata ke sAmAjika jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se isakA mahatva hai| varzana - pakSa . jIvAjIvAbhigama Agama kA darzana pakSa itanA bhara hai ki vahA~ jIva aura ajIva tattva ko nAnA bheda-prabhedoM se parilakSita kiyA gayA hai| prathama pratipatti meM kahA gayA hai, saMsArI jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM--trasa aura sthAvara / sthAvara jIva tIna prakAra ke hote haiM--pRthvIkAya, apkAya aura vanaspatikAya / bAdara vanaspatikAya bAraha hote 1. jJAna, nizciti, avApti /

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'paiMtAlIsa zrAgama haiM-vRkSa, guccha, gulma, latA, vallI, parvaga ( Ikha prAdi), tRNa, valaya ( kadalI Adi jinakI tvacA golAkAra ho), harit (hariyAlI), auSadhi, jalaruha ( pAnI meM paidA hone vAlI vanaspati), kuhaNa ( pRthvI ko bheda kara paidA hone vAlA vRkSa ) / sAdhAraNazarIra bAdara vanaspatikAyika jIva aneka prakAra ke hote haiM / trasa jIva tIna prakAra ke hote haiM- tejaskAya, vAyukAya aura audArika trasa / praudArika trasa cAra prakAra ke hote haiM-do indriya, tIna indriya, cAra indriya aura pAMca indriya vAle | paMcendriya cAra prakAra ke hote haiM-nAraka, tiyaMca, manuSya aura deva / naraka sAta hote haiM - ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaH prabhA, mahAtamaH prabhA / tiryaMca tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-- jalacara, thalacara aura nabhacara / jalacara pAMca prakAra ke hote haiM - matsya, kacchapa, makara, grAha aura zizumAra / thalacara jIva cAra prakAra ke hote haiM eka khura, do khura, gaNDIya aura saNNaya (sanakhapada ) / nabhacara jIva cAra prakAra ke hote haiMcampakkhI, lomapakkhI, samuggapakkhI aura vitatapakkhI / manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiM - saMmucchima aura garbhotpanna | deva cAra prakAra ke hote haiM- bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI aura vaimAnika / prastuta Agama meM darzana pakSa kI apekSA vyavahAra pakSa kA digdarzana hI adhika vyavasthita milatA hai / nAnA vastutroM ke prakAra jisa suyojita DhaMga se batAye gaye haiM, sacamuca hI usa kAla kA sajIva - vyaurA dene vAle haiM - tIsarI pratipatti meM ve sammulekha isa prakAra haiM--ratna -- ratna, vajra, vaiDUrya, lohita, masAragalla, haMsa, garbha, pulaka, saugandhika, jyotirasa, aMjana, aMjanapulaka, rajata, jAtarUpa, aMka, sphaTika, ariSTa / 87 - astra-zastra - mudgara, musu Mr3hi, karapatra ( karavata), asi, zakti, hala, gadA, mUsala, cakra, nArAca, kuraMta, tomara, zUla, lakuTa, bhiDipAla / dhAtu -- lohA, tAMbA, trapusa, sIsA, rUpya, suvarNa, hiraNya, kumbhakAra kI agni, IMTa pakAne kI agni, kavelU pakAne kI agni, yantra'pATaka, cullI, (jahAM ganne kA rasa pakAyA jAtA hai ) / madya - candraprabhA (candra ke samAna jisakA raMga ho), maNizalAkA, varasIdhu, varavAruNI, phalaniryAsasAra, (phaloM ke rasa se taiyAra

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jainAgama digdarzana kI huI madirA), patra niryAsasAra, puSpaniryAsasAra. coyaniryAsasAra, bahuta dravyoM ko milAkara taiyAra kI huI, sandhyA ke samaya taiyAra ho jAne vAlI, madhu, meraka, riSTa nAmaka ratna ke samAna varNavAlI (ise jaMbUphalakAlikA bhI kahA gayA hai ), dugdha jAti (pIne meM dUdha ke samAna svAdiSTa), prasannA, nellaka (athavA tallaka), zatAyu (sau bAra zuddha karane para bhI jaisI kI taisI rahane vAlI), khajUrasAra, mRdvIkAsAra (drAkSAsava), kApizAyana, supakva, kSodarasa (Ikha ke rasa ko pakAkara banAI huI ) / pAtra-bAraka (maMgala ghaTa), ghaTa, karaka, kalaza, kakkarI, pAdakAMcanikA (jisase paira dhoye jAte hoM), udaMka (jisase jala kA chir3akAva kiyA jAve), vaddhaNI (vArdhanI-galaMtikA-choTI kalasI jisameM se pAnI raha-raha kara TapakatA ho), supaviTThara (puSpa rakhane kA pAtra), pArI (dUdha dohane kA pAtra), caSaka (surA pIne kA pAtra), bhRgAra, (jhArI), karoDI (karoTikA), saraga (madirApAtra), dharaga, pAtrIsthAla, Natthaga, (nallaka), cavaliya (capalita), avpdy| AbhUSaNa-hAra (jisameM aThAraha lar3iyAM hoM), ardhahAra (jisameM nau lar3iyAM hoM), baTTaNaga (vesTanaka, kAnoM kA AbhUSaNa), mukuTa. kuNDala, vAmuttaga (vyAmuktaka, laTakane vAlA gahanA), hemajAla (cheda vAlA sone kA prAbhUSaNa), maNijAla, kanakajAla, sUtraka (vaikakSaka kRtaM), suvarNa sUtra (yajJopavIta kI taraha pahanA jAne vAlA AbhUSaNa), uciyakaDaga (ucitakaTikAni-yogyavalayAni), khuDDaga (eka prakAra kI aMgUThI), ekAvalI, kaNThasUtra, magariya (makara ke AkAra kA AbhUSaNa), urattha (vakSasthala para pahanane kA AbhUSaNa), aveyaka, (grIvA kA AbhUSaNa), zroNisUtra (kaTisUtra), cUDAmaNi, kanakatilaka, phulla, (phUla), siddhArthaka (sone kI kaNThI), kaNNavAlI (kAnoM kI bAli), zazi, sUrya, vRSabha, cakra, (caka), talabhaMga (hAtha kA AbhUSaNa), tuDau (bAhu kA AbhUSaNa), hatthamAlaga (hastamAlaka), valakSa (gale kA AbhUSaNa), dInAramAlikA, candrasUryamAlikA, harSaka, keyUra, valaya, prAlamba, (jhUmakA), aMgulIyaka (aguThI), kAMcI, mekhalA, payarasa

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paMtAlIla prAgama (pratara), pAdajAla (pairoM kA prAbhUSaNa), ghaMTikA, kiMkriNI, rayaNorujAla (ratnorujAla), nupUra. caraNamAlikA, kanakanikaramAlikA / .. bhavana-prAkAra, aTTAlaga (aTArI), cariya (gRha aura prAkAra ke bIca kA mArga), dvAra, gopura, prAsAda, AkAzatala, maNDapa, ekazAlA (eka gharavAlA makAna), dvizAlA, trizAlA, catuHzAlA, garbhagRha, mohanagRha, valabhIgRha, citrazAlA, mAlaka (majale vAlA ghara), goladhara, trikoNa ghara. caukoNa ghara, naMdAvarta, paMDuratalaharmya, muDamAlaharmya (jisameM zikhara na ho), dhavalagRha, ardhamAgadha vibhrama, zailasaMsthita (parvata ke AkAra kA), zailArdhasaMsthita, kUTAgAra, suvidhikoSThaka, zaraNa (jhoMpar3I Adi), layana (guphA Adi), viDaMka (kapotapAlI, prAsAda ke agrabhAga meM kabUtaroM ke rahane kA sthAna, kabUtaroM kA darabA) jAlavRnda (gavAkSasamUha), ni, ha (khUTI athavA dvAra), apavaraka (bhItara kA kamarA), dobAlI, cndrshaalikaa| vastra-Ajinaka (camar3e kA vastra), kSauma, kambala, dukUla, kauzeya, kAlamRga ke carma se banA vastra, paTTa, cInAMzuka, AbharaNacitra (AbhUSaNoM se citrita), sahiNagakallANaga (sUkSma aura sundara vastra) tathA sindhu, draviDa, vaMga, kaliMga Adi dezoM meM bane vastra / miSTAnna-gur3a, khA~Da, zakkara, matsyaNDI (misarI), bisakaMda, parpaTamodaka, puSpottara, padmottara, gokSIra / ___ grAma-grAma, nagara, nigama (jahAM bahuta se vaNik rahate hoM), kheTa (jisake cAroM ora miTTI kA parakoTA banA ho), karbaTa (jo cAroM ora se parvata se ghirA ho), maDaMba (jisake cAroM ora pAMca kosa taka koI grAma na ho), paTTaNa (jahAM vividha dezoM se mAla AtA ho), droNamukha (jahAM adhikatara jalamArga se Ate-jAte hoM), pAkara (jahA~ lohe Adi kI khAne hoM), Azrama, saMbAdha (jahAM yAtrA ke lie bahuta se loga Ate hoM ), rAjadhAnI, sanniveza (jahAM sArtha pAkara utarate hoN)| - rAjA-rAjA, yuvarAja, Izvara (aNimA Adi pATha aizvaryoM se sampanna), talavara (nagara rakSaka, kotavAla), mADambiya (maDamba ke

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jainAgama digdarzana mAyaka), kauTumbika (aneka kuTumboM ke AzrayadAtA, rAjasevaka), ibhya (pracura dhana ke svAmI), zreSThI (jinake mastaka para devatA kI mUrti sahita suvarNa paTTa baMdhA ho), senApati, sArthavAha (sArtha kA netaa)| dAsa-dAsa (aAmaraNa dAsa ), preSya (jo kisI kAma ke lie bheje jA sake), ziSya, bhRtaka (jo vetana lekara kAma karate hoM), bhAillaga (bhAgIdAra), krmkr| tyauhAra-AvAha (vivAha ke pUrva tAmbUla ityAdi denA), vivAha, yajJa (pratidina iSTa devatA kI pUjA ), zrAddha, thAlIpAka (gRhastha kA dhArmika kRtya), celopanayana, (muNDana), sImaMtonnayana (garbha sthApanA), mRtapiMDanivedana / utsava-indramaha, skandamaha, rudramaha, zivamaha, vaizramaNamaha, mukundamaha, nAgamaha, yakSamaha, bhUtamaha, kUpamaha, taDAgamaha, nadImaha, hradamaha, parvatamaha, vRkSAropaNamaha, caityamaha, stupamaha / naTa-naTa (bAjIgara), nartaka, malla (pahalavAna), mauSTika (muSTi yuddha karane vAle), viDambaka ( vidUSaka ), kahaga ( kathAkAra ), plavaga (kUdane-phAMdane vAle), AkhyAyaka, lAkSaka (rAsa gAne vAle), laMkha (bAMsa ke upara car3hakara khela karane vAle), maMkha (citra dikhAkara bhikSA mAMgane vAle), taNa bajAne bAle, vINA bajAne vAle, kAvaNa (bahaMgI le jAne vAle), mAgadha, jalla (rassI para khela karane vAle) / yAna-zakaTa, ratha, yAna (gAr3I), jugga (golla deza meM prasiddha do hAtha pramANa caukora vedI se yukta pAlakI, jise do yAdamI Dhokara le jAte hoM), gillI (hAthI ke upara kI ambArI, jisameM baiThane se AdamI dikhAI nahIM detA), thillI (lATa deza meM ghor3e ke jIna ko thillI kahate haiM, kahIM do khaccaroM kI gAr3I ko thillI kahA jAtA hai), zivikA (zikhara ke AkAra kI DhakI huI pAlakI), syandamAnI (puruSa pramANa lambI paalkii)| vyAkhyA sAhitya AcArya malayagiri ne isa para TIkA kI racanA kii| unhoMne isa upA~ga ke aneka sthAnoM para vAcanA-bheda hone kA ullekha kiyA

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61 paitAlIsa prAgamaH hai / sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI sUcita kiyA hai ki isake sUtra vichinna ho gaye / prAcArya haribhadra tathA devasUri dvArA laghu-vRttiyoM kI racanA kI gii| eka aprakAzita cUrNi bhI batalAI jAtI hai| 4. panavarA ( prajJApanA) nAma : zrartha prajJApanA kA artha batalAnA, sikhalAnA yA jJApita karanA hai| isa upA~ga kA nAma vastutaH anvarthaka hai / yaha jaina tattva jJAna kA utkRSTa udbodhaka grantha hai / yaha prajJApanA, sthAna, bahu-vaktavya, kSetra, sthiti, paryAya, zvAsocchvAsa, saMjJA, yoni, bhASA, zarIra, pariNAma, kaSAya, indriya, prayoga, lezyA, kAya sthiti, dRSTi, kriyA, karma-bandha, karma- sthiti, karma - vedanA, karma-prakRti, AhAra, upayoga, saMjJI, avadhi, paricAraNA, vedanA - pariNAma, samudghAta prabhRti chattIsa padoM meM vibhakta hai / padoM ke nAma se spaSTa hai ki isameM jaina siddhAnta ke aneka mahatvapUrNa pakSoM para vivecana huA hai, jo tasvajJAna ke parizIlana kI dRSTi se bahuta upayogI hai / upAMgoM meM yaha sarvAdhika vizAla haiN| goM meM jo sthAna vyAkhyAprajJapti kA hai, upAMgoM meM vaisA hI sthAna isa Agama kA hai / vyAkhyA prajJapti kI taraha ise bhI jaina tattvajJAna kA vRhat koza kahA jA sakatA hai / racanA aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki vAcakavaMzIya Arya zyAma ne isakI racanA kii| ve aMzataH pUrvadhara mAne jAte the / ajJAtakartRka do gAthAyeM prApta hotI haiM, jinase ye tathya puSTa hote haiM / unakA Azaya 1. vAyagavaravaMsAo tevIsaimeNa dhIrapuriseNa / duddharadhareNa muNiraNA, pugvasuyasamiddhabuddhIgaM / suyasAgaravieUraNa, jesA surayaNamuttamaM divAM / sIsagaraNassa bhagavano, tassa gamo prajjasAmassa // - amolaka RSi dvArA anUdita prajJApanA sUtra; prathama bhAga, pR. 2,

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jainAmama digdarzana isa prakAra hai : "vAcakavaMzIya, Arya sudharmA kI tevIsavIM pIr3hI meM sthita, dhairyazIla, pUrvazrutaH meM samuddha, buddhi-sampanna prAya zyAma ko vandana karate haiM jinhoMne zruta-jJAna rUpI sAgara meM se apane ziSyoM ko yaha (prajJApanA) zruta-ratna pradAna kiyaa|" . Arya zyAma ke prArya sudharmA se tevIsavIM pIr3hI meM hone kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha kisa sthavirAvalI yA paTTAvalI ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, jJAta nahIM hotaa| nandI-satra meM varNita sthavirAvalI meM zyAma nAmaka AcArya kA ullekha to hai, para ve sudharmA se prArambha hone vAlI paTTAvalI meM bArahaveM hote hai|' tevIsaveM sthAna para vahAM brahmadIpakasiMha nAmaka AcArya kA ullekha hai| unheM kAlika zrRMta tathA cAroM anuyogoM kA dhAraka va uttama vAcaka-padaprApta kahA hai| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI se Arya zyAma kI Rmika saMkhyA mela nahIM khaatii| racanA kA prAdhAra : eka kalpanA .. prajJApanA sUtra ke prArambha meM lekhaka kI ora se stavanAtmaka do - gAthAyeM haiM, jo mahatvapUrNa haiN| ve likhate haiM : "sUtra-ratnoM ke nidhAna, bhavyajadoM ke lie nirvattikAraka bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saba jIvoM ke bhAvoM kI prajJApanA upadiSTa kii| bhagavAn ne duSTivAda se nirbharita, 1. suhammaM aggivesAraNaM, jaMbUnAmaM ca kAsavaM / pabhavaM kaccAyaNaM vaMde, vacchaM sijjabhavaM tahA // jasamaddatugIyaM vaMde saMbhUyaM ceva maaddhrN| . bhaddabAhuM ca pAinna', thUlabhaddaca goyamaM // elAvaccasagottaM, vaMdAmi mahAgiri suhatthi ca / tato kosiyagotta, bahulassa balissahaM vaMde // hAriyagottaM sAyaM ca, vaMde mohAgoriyaM ca sAmajjaM / -nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI; gAthA 25-28 2. ayalapurammi khette, kAliyasuya aNugae dhIre / baMbhaddIvagasIhe vAyagapayamuttamaM ptte|| -nandIsUtra, sthavirAvalI : gAthA 36

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paitAlIsa prAgama vividha adhyayanayukta isa zruta-ratna kA jisa prakAra vivecana kiyA hai, maiM bhI usI prakAra kruuNgaa| ina gAthAoM meM prayukta 'diTThivAyaNIsaMda' pada para vizeSa gaura karanA hogaa| dRSTivAda vyuchinna mAnA jAtA hai| zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt usake sampUrNa vettAoM kI paramparA miTa gaI / para, aMzataH vaha rahA / zyAmArya ke sambandha meM jina do vandanamUlaka gAthAoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, vahAM unheM pUrva-jJAna se yukta bhI kahA gayA hai / sambhavataH Arya zyAma prAMzika dRSTyA pUrvajJa rahe hoN| ho sakatA hai, isI abhiprAyaH se unhoMne yahAM dRSTivAda-nisyanda zabda jor3A ho, jisakA prAzaya rahA ho ki dRSTivAda ke mukhyatama bhAga pUrva-jJAna se ise gRhIta kiyA gayA hai| prastuta Agama meM varNita vanaspati Adi ke bheda-prabheda bahuta hI vistRta va vijJeya haiM / bheda-prabhedoM ke isI krama meM mlecchoM va AryoM kA bhI ullekhanIya citraNa hai| mleccha zaka, yavana, cilAta (kirAta), zabara, barbara, maruDa, uDDa (or3a),bhaDaga, niNNaga, pakkaNiya, kulakkha, goMDa, siMhala, pArasa, godha, koMca, aMdha. damila (dravir3a), cillala, puliMda, harosa, DoMba, bokkaNa, gaMdhahAraga, vahalIka, ujjhala (jalla), romapAsa, bakuza, malaya, baMdhuya, sUyali, koMkaNaga, meya, pahlava, mAlava, maggara, AbhAsiya, ANakkha, cINa, lAsika, khasa, khAsiya, nehura, moMDha, DoMbilaga, losa, panosa, kekaya, akkhAga, hUNa, romaka, ruru, maruya aadi| pArya Arya do prakAra ke hote haiM-Rddhi-prApta aura anRddhi-prApta / Rddhi prApta-arahaMta, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, cAraNa aura vidyA1. sUyarayaNanihANaM, jiraNavareNa bhaviyaNanivvuikareNaM / . uvadaMsiyAH bhagavayA, paNNavaraNA savvabhAvAraNaM // ... ajjhayaNamiNaM citta, suyarayaraNaM diThivAyaraNIsaMdaM / jahavaNiyaM bhagavayA, ahamavi taha vaNNaissAmi // -prajJApanA: maMgalAcaraNa. 2. 3

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jainAgama digdarzana ghara / anRddhi prApta nau prakAra ke hote haiM-kSetrArya, jAtyArya, kulArya, kArya, zilpArya, bhASArya, jJAnArya, darzanArya aura cAritrArya / kSetrArya-sAr3he paccIsa (253) deza meM mAne jAte haiM : janapada rAjadhAnI 1. magadha rAjagRha 2. aMga campA 3. baMga tAmralipti 4. kaliMga kAMcanapura 5. kAzI vArANaso 6. kozala sAketa 7. kuru gajapura 8. kazAvarta zauripura 6. pAMcAla kAMpilyapura 10. jAMgala ahicchatrA 11. saurASTra dvAravatI 12. videha mithilA 13. vatsa kauzAmbI 14. zANDilya nandipura 15. malaya 16. matsya vairATa 17. varaNA acchA 18. dazArNa mRttikAvatI 16 cedi zukti 20. sindhusauvIra vItibhaya 21. zarasena mathurA 22. bhaMgi pApA 23. vaTTA (?) mAsapurI (?) 24. kuNAla zrAvastI 25. lAr3ha koTivarSa 253. kekayIardha zvetikA pa bhadrilapura

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'paitAlIsa prAgama jAtyArya-aMbaSTha, kaliMda, videha, vedaga, harita, cucuNa (yA tutunn)| kulArya-ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, ikSvAku, jJAta, kaurava / kArya-dauSyika ( kapar3e becane vAle ), sautrika ( sUta becane vAle), kArpAsika (kapAsa becane vAle), sUtravaikAlika, bhAMDavaikAlika, kolAliya (kumhAra), naravAhanika (pAlakI Adi uThAne vaale)| zilpArya-tunnAga (raphU karane vAle), tantuvAya (bunane vAle), 'paTakAra (paTavA), deyar3A (hatikAra, mazaka banAne vAle), kASThapAdukAkAra (lakar3I kI pAdukA banAne vAle), maMjupAdukAkAra, chatrakAra, vajjhAra (vAhana karane vAle), potthakAra (pUcha ke bAloM se jhAGa Adi becane vAle, athavA miTTI ke putale banAne vAle), lepyakAra, citrakAra, zaMkhakAra, daMtakAra, bhAMDakAra, jijjhagAra, sellagAra (bhAlA banAne vAle), koDigAra (kor3iyoM kI mAlA banAne vaale)| bhASArya-ardhamAgadhI bhASA bolane vaale| brAhmI lipI likhane ke prakAra-brAhmI, yavanAnI, dosApuriyA, kharoSTrI, pukkharasAriyA, bhogavatI, paharAiyA, atakkhariyA, (aMtAkSarI), akkharapuTThiyA, kainayikI, nihnavikI, aMkalipi, gaNitalipi, aAdarza lipi, mAhezvarI, domilipi (drAvir3I), paulindii| jJAnArya pAMca prakAra ke haiM--Abhinibodhika, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyavajJAna aura kevalajJAna / darzanArya-sarAgadarzana, vItarAga darzana / sarAga darzananisarga ruci, upadeza ruci, prAjJA ruci, sUtra ruci, bIja ruci, abhigama ruci, vistAra ruci, kriyA ruci, saMkSepa ruci, dharma ruci / vItarAga darzana-upazAnta kaSAya, kSINa kaSAya / . cAritrArya-sarAga cAritra, vItarAga cAritra / sarAga cAritrasUkSmasamparAya, bAdara samparAya / vItarAga cAritra-upazAnta kaSAya, kSINa kaSAya / athavA cAritrArya pAMca hote haiM--sAmAyika, chedopasthAna, parihAra vizuddhi, sUkSmasamparAya, yathAkhyAta cAritra /

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66 vyAkhyA sAhitya prAcArya haribhadrasUri ne pradezAkhyA laghuvRtti kI racanA kI hai| AcArya malayagiri ne usI ke AdhAra para TIkA kI racanA kI / kulamaNDana ne pravacUri likhI / jainAgama digdarzana vyAkhyAkAroM ne isa Agama meM samAgata pATha bhedoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / aneka sthaloM para katipaya zabdoM ko avyAkhyeya mAnate hue TIkAkAra ne unheM sampradAyagamya kahakara chor3a diyA hai / sambhava hai, ve zabda spaSTArtha dyotaka nahIM pratIta hue hoM; ataH AmnAya yA paramparA se samajha lene ke atirikta aura kyA kahA jA sakatA thA ? prajJApanA kA gyArahavAM pada bhASA-pada hai / upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne isakA vivecana kiyA hai / 5. sUriyapannatti (sUrya prajJapti) dvisUrya siddhAnta, sUrya ke udaya, grasta, AkAra, proja, gati prAdi vistAra se varNana hai, jisase isake nAma kI anvarthakatA prakaTa hotI hai / sAtha hI sAtha candra, anyAnya nakSatra Adi ke AkAra, gati, avasthiti Adi kA bhI vizada vivecana hai / bIsa prAbhRtoM meM vibhakta yaha grantha eka sau ATha sUtroM meM sanniviSTa hai / prAbhRta prAkRta ke 'pAhuDa' zabda kA saMskRta-rUpAntara hai / prAbhRta kA artha aneka granthoM ke adhyAya yA prakaraNa ke artha meM prAbhRta zabda prayukta pAyA jAtA hai / isakA zAbdika tAtparya upahAra bheMTa yA samarpaNa hai / vyutpatti kI dRSTi se isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai : "apane abhISTa - priya jana ko jo pariNAma - sarasa, deza - kAlocita durlabha vastu dI jAtI hai aura jisase priya jana kI citta prasannatA prAsAdita kI jAtI hai, loka meM use prAbhRta kahA jAtA hai / " " 1. uccate - iha prAbhRtaM nAma loke prasiddha yadabhISTAya puruSAya deza-kAlocitta durlabhaM vastu pariNAmasundaramupanIyate tataH prAmriyate prApyate cittamabhISTasya puruSasyAneneti prAbhRtamiti vyutpatteH / - zrabhidhAna rAjendra paMcama bhAga; pR. 614

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paiMtAlIsa zrAgama grantha ke prakaraNa ke sandarbha meM isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai : "apane priya tathA vinaya prAdi guNa-yukta ziSyoM ko deza aura kAla kI ucitatA ke sAtha jo grantha-saraNiyAM dI jAtI haiM, unheM bhI prAbhRta kahA jAtA hai / "" zabda cayana meM jaina vidvAnoM ke mastiSka kI urvaratA isase spaSTa hai / prakaraNa ke artha meM prAbhRta zabda vAstava meM sAhityika suSamA liye hue hai / vyAkhyA - sAhitya zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa para niyukti kI racanA kI, aisA prasiddha hai / para, vaha prApta nahIM hai, kAla-kavalita ho gaIM hai / AcArya malayagiri kI isa para TIkA hai / vAstava meM yaha grantha itanA durjJeya hai ki TIkA kI sahAyatA ke binA samajha pAnA sarala nahIM hai / sUrya, candra, nakSatra Adi se sambaddha apane vizeSa prakAra ke vizleSaNa ke kAraNa yaha grantha vidvajjagat meM AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai / pro0 vebara ne jarmana bhASA meM isa para eka nibandha likhA, jo san 1860 meM prakAzita huA / sunA jAtA hai, DA0 Ara0 zAma zAstrI ne isakA A Brief Translation of Mahavira's Suryaprajnapti ke nAma se a MgrejI meM saMkSipta anuvA dakiyA thA ! para, vaha bhI aprApya hai / DA0 thIbo ne sUyaprajJapti para lekha likhA thA, jisameM unhoMne jainoM ke dvisU aura dvicandravAda kI bhI carcA kI thI / unake anusAra yUnAna ke logoM meM unake bhArata Ane ke pUrva yaha siddhAnta sarva svIkRta thA | Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. no 49, P. 107 meM vaha lekha prakAzita huA thA / 67 6. jambUddIvapannatti (jambUdvIpaprajJapti) jambUdvIpa se sambaddha isa upAMga meM anekavidha varNana haiM / isa grantha ke do bhAga haiM- pUrvArddha aura uttarArddha / pUrvArddha cAra vakSaskAroM tathA uttarArddha tIna vakSaskAroM meM vibhakta haiM / samagra upAMga meM 176 sUtra haiM / 1. vivakSitA api ca granthapaddhatayaH paramadurlabhA pariNAmasundarAzcAbhISTebhyo vinayAdiguNakalitebhyaH ziSyebhyo dezakAlaucityenopanIyante / - zrabhidhAna rAjendra paJcama bhAga, pR. 614.

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18 jainAgama digdarzana vakSaskAra kA tAtparya vakSaskAra kA artha yahAM prakaraNa ko bodhita karAtA hai| para, vAstava meM jambUdvIpa meM isa nAma ke pramukha parvata haiM, jinakA jaina bhagola meM kaI apekSAoM se bar3A gahatva hai / jambUdvIpa se sambaddha vivecana ke sandarbha meM granthakAra, prakaraNa kA avabodha karAne ke hetu vakSaskAra kA jo prayoga karate haiM; vaha sarvathA saMgata hai| jambUdvIpastha bharata kSetra Adi kA isa upA~ga meM vistRta varNana hai| unake sandarbha meM aneka durgama sthala, pahAr3a, nado, guphA, jaMgala Adi kI carcA hai| - jaina kAla-cakra-avasarpiNI-suSama-suSamA, suSamA, suSamaduHSamA, duHSama-suSamA, duHSamA, duHSama-duHSamA, tathA utsarpiNIduHSama-duSamA, duSamA, duHSama-suSamA, suSama-duHSamA, suSamA. suSamasaSamA kA savistAra varNana hai| usa sandarbha meM caudaha kulakara Adi, tIrtha kara RSabha, bahattara kalAyeM, striyoM ke liye vizeSataH causaTha kalAyeM tathA aneka zilpa Adi kI carcA hai / isa koTi kA aura bhI mahatvapUrNa varNana hai / jaina bhUgola tathA prAgitihAsa-kAlIna bhArata ke adhyayana ko dRSTi se jambUdvIpaprajJapti kA vizeSa mahatva hai| 7. candapannatti (candraprajJapti) sthAnAMga meM ullekha sthAnAMga sUtra' meM sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti tathA dvIpasAgaraprajJapti ke sAtha candraprajJapti kA bhI aMga bAhya ke rUpa meM ullekha humA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki sUryaprajJapti tathA candraprajJapti donoM prAcIna haiN| donoM kabhI pRthak-pRthak the, donoM ke apane-apane viSaya the| vartamAna meM candraprajJapti kA jo saMskaraNa prApta hai, vaha sUryaprajJapti se sarvathA-akSarazaH milatA hai / bheda hai to kevala maMgalAcaraNa tathA grantha meM vivakSita bIsa prAbhRtoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana karane vAlI aThAraha gAthAoM kA / candraprajJapti ke prArambha meM ye gAthAyeM haiN| 1. cattAri paNNattIpo aMgabAhiriyAno paNNatAmo, taM jahA-caMdapaNNattI, sUrapaNNatI, jaMbUddIvapaNNatI, diivsaagrpnnnntii| -sthAnAMga sUtra; sthAna 4,1,47

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paitAlIsa prAmama 64 tatpazcAt krama-nirdiSTa viSaya prArambha hotA hai| sUryaprajJapti meM ye gAthAyeM nahIM haiM arthAt maMgalAcaraNa tathA vivakSita viSaya-sUcana ke binA hI grantha prArambha hotA hai, jo AdyopAnta candraprajJapti jaisA hai| vAstava meM yadi ye do grantha haiM, to aisA kyoM ? yaha eka prazna hai, jisakA aneka prakAra se samAdhAna kiyA jAtA hai| rahasyamaya : eka samAdhAna atiparamparAvAdo dhArmika, jinheM svIkRta mAnyatA kI paridhi se bAhara nikala kara jarA bhI socane kA avakAza nahIM hai, sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti ke paripUrNa pATha-sAmya ko dekhate hue bhI Aja bhI yaha mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hote ki ye do grantha nahIM haiM / unakA vicAra hai ki sUrya, candra, katipaya nakSatra Adi kI gati, krama Adi se sambaddha kaI aise viSaya haiM, jo pravRttitaH eka samAna haiM; ataH unameM to bheda kI koI bAta hI nahIM hai / eka jaise donoM varNana donoM sthAnoM para lAgU hote haiN| aneka viSaya aise haiM, jo donoM meM bhinna-bhinna haiM, yadyapi unakI zabdAvalI eka hai| eka hI zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM / sAmAnyataH pracalita artha ko hI loga adhikAMzata: jAnate haiN| apracalita artha prAyaH ajJAta rahatA hai| bahuta kama vyakti use samajhate haiM / yahAM kucha aisA hI huA pratIta hotA hai| vAstava meM donoM upAMgoM meM prayukta eka jaise zabda bhinnArthaka haiN| aisA kiye jAne ke pIche bhI eka cintana rahA hogA / bahuta se viSaya aise haiM, jinakA udaghATana sahI adhikArI yA upayukta pAtra ke samakSa hI kiyA jAtA hai, anadhikArI yA apAtra ke samakSa nahIM; ataH unheM rahasyamaya yA gupta banAye rakhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| adhikArI ko unhIM zabdoM dvArA vaha jJAna de diyA jAtA hai, jinakA artha sAmAnyataH vyakta nahIM hai / aisI hI kucha sthiti yahAM rahI ho, to Azcarya nahIM / kabhI paramparA se ina rahasyoM ko jAnane vAle vidvAn rahe hoMge, jo adhikArI pAtroM ke samakSa una rahasyoM ko prakAzita karate rahe hoN| para, vaha paramparA sambhavataH miTa gii| rahasya rahasya hI raha gye| yahI kAraNa hai ina donoM upAMgoM ke sambandha meM isa prakAra ke prazna upasthita hote haiN| vAstava meM vartamAna meM jJAna ke alpatva ke kAraNa

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100 jainAgama digdarzana aisA hai| tathya yahI hai, donoM upAMga, jo vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM, yathAvat haiM, aparivartita haiN| unheM bhinna-bhinna ho mAnA jAnA cAhiye / kahane ko svIkRta paramparA ke saMrakSaNa ke hetu jo kucha kahA jA sakatA hai, para, viveka ke sAtha usako yathArthatA kA aMkana karane kA prabuddha mAnava ko adhikAra hai| isaliye yaha kahanA paramparA kA khaNDana nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhie ki rahasyamayatA aura zabdoM ko anekArthakatA kA sahArA paryApta nahIM hai, jo ina donoM upA~goM ke anaikya yA asAdRzya ko siddha kara ske| adhika yuktiyAM upasthita karane ko AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vijJajana unmukta bhAva se cintana kareMge, to aisA sambhava pratIta hogA ki unameM se adhikAMza ko kisI rahasyamayatA tathA zabdoM ke bahvarthakatA-mUlaka samAdhAna se tuSTi nahIM hogii| yaha mAnane meM koI anyathAbhAva pratIta nahIM honA cAhie ki vartamAna meM upalabdha ye donoM upAMga svarUpataH zAbdika dRSTi se eka haiM aura tAtparyataH bhI do nahIM pratIta hote| eka sambhAvanA * ho sakatA hai, kabhI prAcIna kAla meM kahIM kiso grantha-bhaNDAra meM sUryaprajJapti kI do hastalikhita pratiyAM par3I hoN| unameM se eka prati Upara ke pRSTha va usa para likhita 'sUryaprajJapti' nAma sahita rahI ho tathA dUsarI kA Upara kA patra-nAma kA patra nahIM rahA ho, naSTa ho gayA ho, kho gayA ho| nAmavAlo prati meM bhI prArambha kA patra, jisameM mAMgalika va viSayasUcaka gAthAnoM kA ullekha thA, khoyA huaA ho| arthAt aba donoM pratiyoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra samajhA jAnA caahie| una donoM pratiyoM meM eka prati aisI thI, jisakA Upara kA pRSTha thA, usa para grantha kA nAma thA, para, usameM gAthAyeM nahIM thoN| grantha kA viSaya sodhA prArambha hotA thaa| gAthAnoM kA patra lupta thaa| dUsarI prati isa prakAra kI thI, jisameM Upara kA pRSTha, grantha kA nAma nahIM thA / grantha kA prArambha gAthAoM se hotA thaa| donoM meM kevala bheda itanA-sA thA, eka gAthAoM se yukta tho, dUsarI meM gAthAeM nahIM thIM, para, ApAtataH dekhane para donoM kA prArambha bhinna lagatA thA, isase isa viSaya ko nahIM samajhane vAle vyakti ke lie asamaMjasatA ho

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paitAlIsa mAgama 101 sakatI thii| kisI vyakti ne bhaNDAra meM granthoM ko vyavasthita karane hetu yA sUcI banAne ke hetu granthoM kI chAna-bIna kI ho| jaina agoM, upAMgoM Adi ke paryavekSaNa ke sandarbha meM ye donoM pratiyAM usake sAmane AyI hoN| nAma sahita prati ke sambandha meM to use koI kaThinAI nahIM huI; kyoMki vaha nAma bhI spaSTa thA aura granthArambha bhii| Upara ke patra se rahita, binA nAma kI prati ke sambandha meM use kucha sandeha hamA ho, usane UhApoha kiyA ho / sambhavataH vaha vyakti vidvAn na rahA ho / bhaNDAra kI vyavasthA yA dekha-rekha karane vAlA mAtra ho, yA granthoM kI pratilipi karane vAlA sAdhAraNa paThita vyakti rahA ho| aisA sambhava hai ki prathama prati ko jisameM grantha-nAma thA, gAthAeM nahIM thIM, prakaraNa prArambha se cAlU hotA thA, usane yathAvat rahane diyaa| dUsarI prati, jisa para nAma nahIM thA, gAthAoM ke kAraNa jo bhinna grantha pratIta hotA thA, ke lie usane kalpanA kI ho ki vaha sambhavataH candraprajJapti ho aura apanI kalpanAnusAra vaisA nAma lagA diyA ho| vaha grantha ko bhItara se dekhatA, gaveSaNA karatA, pATha milAtA, yaha saba to taba hotA, jaba vaha eka anusandhitsu vidvAn hotaa| candraprajJapti kA yathArtha rUpa taba taka sambhavataH naSTa ho gayA hogA; ataH anyatra kahIM usakI sahI pratimila nahIM sakI ho aura usI prati ke AdhAra para, jisa para nAma batalAyA gayA thA, eka hI pATha ke grantha do nAmoM se cala par3e hoM, calate rahe hoN| zatAbdiyAM bItatI gayIM aura eka hI pATha ke do grantha pRthak-pRthak mAne jAte rhe| dharma zraddhA bhI detA hai aura viveka bhii| viveka-zUnya zraddhA acakSuSmatI kahI jAtI hai| para, dharma ke kSetra meM vaisA bhI hotA hai, jo pAlocya hai, prAdeya nhiiN| ati zraddhA-pUrNa mAnasa ke bAhulya ke kAraNa prAgamavettAoM meM isa tathya ko jAnate hue bhI vyakta karane kA utsAha kyoM hotA ? jaba logoM ke samakSa yaha sthiti AI, to apanI mAnyatA aura paramparA ke parirakSaNa ke nimitta aise tarkoM kA, jisa ora igita kiyA gayA hai, jinheM tarka nahIM, tarkAbhAsa kahA jA sakatA hai, sahArA liyA jAne lgaa|

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102 jainAgama digdarzana bartamAna meM do kahe jAne vAle upAMgoM kA jo kalevara hai, use dekhate hue yaha mAnane meM dharma kI jarA bhI virAdhanA yA samyaktva kA hanana nahIM lagatA ki eka hI pATha ko do granthoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kI bAta kucha aura gaveSaNA, cintana tathA parizIlana kI mAMga karatI hai, tAki yathArtha kI upalabdhi ho sake / saMkhyA-krama meM bhinnatA upAMgoM ke saMkhyA-krama meM jambUdvIpaprajJapti, sUryaprApti, candraprajJapti kI sthAnApannatA meM kucha bheda hai| battIsa Agama-granthoM ke prathama hindI anuvAdakartA zrI amolaka RSi ne jambUdvIpa-prajJapti ko pA~cavAM, candra-prajJapti ko chaThA tathA sUrya-prajJapti ko sAtavAM upAMga mAnA hai| vipTaranitja kA isa sambandha meM abhimata hai ki mUlataH candra-prajJapti kI gaNanA sUryaprajJapti se pahile kI jAtI rahI hai / viNTaranitja yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki candraprajJapti kA Aja jo rUpa hai, pahale vaisA nahIM thaa| usameM inase bhinna viSaya the| saMkhyA-krama meM maiMne pAMcaveM sthAna para sUryaprajJapti; chaThe sthAna para jambUdvIpaprajJapti tathA sAtaveM sthAna para candraprajJapti ko liyA hai| kAraNa yaha hai, jahAM taka patA calatA hai, sUrya prajJapti apane yathAvat rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / apane nAma ke anurUpa usa meM sarya-sambandhI varNana apekSAkRta adhika hai| candra kA bhI varNana hai, para, vistAra aura vividhatA meM usase kama / candraprajJapti kA vartamAna saskaraNa spaSTa hI maulikatA kI dRSTi se Alocya hai; ataH ise jambUdvIpaprajJapti ke pazcAt liyA gayA hai| prAcArya malaya.. giri kI isa para TIkA hai| pAMca nirayAvaliyA nirayAvaliyA (nirayAvalikA) meM pAMca upAMgoM kA samAveza hai, jo isa prakAra hai : - 1. nirayAvaliyA yA kappiyA (kalpikA) 2. kappavaDaMsiyA (kalpAvataMsikA) 3. pupphiyA (puSpikA) 4. pupphacUliyA (puSpacUlikA) 15. vahi dazA (vRSNi dazA) ___

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'paiMtAlIsa pAgama pahale kabhI sambhavataH ye pAMcoM eka hI nirayAvalikA sUtra ke rUpa meM rahe hoN| para, jaba aMgoM ke samakakSa upAMga bhI bAraha kI saMkhyA meM pratiSThita kiye jAne apekSita mAne gaye, to unhe pAMca upAMgoM ke rUpa meM pRthaka-pRthak mAnane kI paramparA cala pdd'ii|| 8. nirayAvaliyA (nirayAvalikA) yA kappiyA (kalpikA) prastuta upAMga daza adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1, kAlakumAra adhyayana, 2. sukAlakumAra adhyayana, 3. mahAkAlakumAra adhyayana, 4. kRSNakumAra adhyayana, 5. sakRSNakamAra adhyayana, 6. mahAkRSNakumAra adhyayana, 7. vIrakRSNakumAra adhyayana, 8. rAmakRSNakumAra adhyayana, 6. priyasena kRSNakumAra adhyayana tathA 10. mahAsena kRSNakumAra adhyayana / jina kumAroM ke nAma se ye adhyayana haiM, ve magadharAja zreNika ke putra tathA kUNika (ajAtazatru) ke bhAI the, jo vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke adhinAyaka ceTaka aura kUNika ke bIca hue saMgrAma meM ceTaka ke eka-eka bANa se kramazaH mAre gye| viSaya-vastu prathama adhyayana kRSNakumAra ke prasaMga se prArambha hotA hai| usakI mAtA kAlIdevI kUNika ke sAtha yuddha meM gaye huye apane putra ke viSaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna pUchatI hai| bhagavAn se yaha jAnakara ki vaha yuddha meM ceTaka ke kAraNa se mArA gayA hai, vaha bahuta duHkhita aura zokAnvita ho jAtI hai / kucha yathAvastha hone para vApisa lauTa jAtI hai| gaNadhara gautama taba bhagavAna mahAvIra se kAlakamAra ke agrima bhava aura vigata bhava ke sambandha meM prazna karate haiN| usakA bhagavAn mahAvIra jo uttara dete haiM, usa sandarbha meM kUNika-ajAtazatru ke jIvana kA itivRtta vistata rUpa meM upasthita ho jAtA hai| zreNika kI garbhavatI rAnI cellaNA kA pati ke kaleje ke mAMsa ke tale hue zoloM tathA madirA kA prasannatApUrvaka prAsvAda lene kA nighRNa 1. mUla pATha meM 'solehi' zabda pAyA hai, jisakA saMskRta rUpa 'zoleH' hogA / zUla yA kA~Te se tale jAne ke kAraNa usa prakAra ke mAMsa ke Tukar3oM ko zIla kahA jAtA hogaa|

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104 jainAgama digdarzana dohada, abhayakumAra dvArA buddhimattApUrvaka usakI pUrti, kUNika kA janma mAtA dvArA use utkuraDI (ghUre) para phikavAyA jAnA, zreNika dvArA use vApisa lAyA jAnA, sneha pUrvaka pAlA jAnA, bar3e hone para kUNika dvArA pitA zreNika ko bandIgRha meM DAla rAja-siMhAsana hathiyAyA jAnA, zreNika dvArA duHkhAtireka se Atma-hatyA kiyA jAnA, apane choTe bhAI vehallakumAra ke kAraNa secanaka hastI Adi na lauTAye jAne se vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke adhipati ceTaka para kUNika dvArA car3hAI kiyA jAnA Adi kA isa sandarbha meM varNana AtA hai / rathamUsala tathA mahAzilAkaMTaka saMgrAma kA vahAM ullekha mAtra hai| usa sambandha meM vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra kA saMketa kara diyA gayA hai| dUsare adhyayana ko sAmagrI kevala itanI-sI hai- "usa samaya campA nagarI thii| pUrNabhadra caitya thaa| kUNika rAjA thA aura padmAvatI usakI rAnI thii| vahA~ campA nagarI meM pahale rAjA zreNika kI bhAryA, kUNika kI kaniSThA mAtA sukumArAMgI sukAlI rAnI thii| sukAlI devI ke sukumArAMga sukAlakumAra huA / tIna sahasra hAthiyoM ko lie yuddha meM gayA huaA kAlakumAra jisa prakAra mArA gayA, usI taraha kA samagra vRttAnta sukAlakumAra kA bhI hai| antataH sukAlakumAra bhI mahAvideha kSetra meM saMsAra kA anta karegA-siddha hogA / "1 dUsare adhyayana kA vRttAnta yahIM samApta ho jAtA hai / / 1. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM caMpA NAmaM raNayarI hotyA / puNNabhadde ceie, kUriNaya rAyA, paumAvaI devI / tatthaNaM caMpAnayarIe seNiyassa raNNo ajja koNiyassa raNNo cullamAuyA sukAlI nAma devI hotthA sukumAlA / . tIseNaM sukAlIe devIe putte sukAle nAme kumAre

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paiMtAlIsa prAgama 105 tIsare se dazoM taka ke adhyayanoM kA varNana bhI kevala itanI-sI paMktiyoM meM hai : " zeSa AThoM adhyayanoM ko prathama adhyayana ke sadRza samajhanA cAhie / putroM aura mAtAoM ke nAma eka jaise haiM / nirayAvalikA sUtra samApta hotA hai / " " 6. kappavaDaMsiyA (kalpAvataMsikA) kalpAvataMsa kA artha vimAnavAsI deva hotA hai / kalpAvataMsikA zabda usI se niSpanna huA hai / isa upAMga meM daza adhyayana haiM, jinameM rAjA koNika ke daza pautroM ke saMkSipta kathAnaka haiM, jo svargagAmI hue / daza adhyayanoM ke nAma carita nAyaka kumAroM ke nAmoM ke anurUpa haiM, jaise, 1. padmakumAra-adhyayana, 2. mahApadmakumAra adhyayana, 3 bhadrakumAra- adhyayana, 4. subhadrakumAra adhyayana, 5. padmabhadrakumAra * adhyayana 6. padmasenakumAra-adhyayana, 7 padmagulmakumAra adhyayana, 8. nalinIgulmakumAra - adhyayana, E, AnandakumAra adhyayana tathA 10 nandakumAra-adhyayana | dazoM kumAra nirayAvalikA (kalpikA) meM varNita rAjA zreNika ke kAlakumAra Adi dazoM putroM ke kramazaH putra the / prathama adhyayana meM kAlakumAra ke putra padmakumAra ke janma, dIkSA grahaNa, svarga-gamana tathA antataH mahAvideha kSetra meM janma le kara siddhatva prApta karane taka kA saMkSepa meM lagabhaga cAra-pAMca pRSThoM meM varNana hai / dUsare adhyayana meM sukAlakumAra ke putra mahApadma kA saMkSiptatama vivaraNa hai / kevala usake janma ke vRttAnta kA pAMca-sAta paMktiyoM meM sUcana kara grAge prathama adhyayana kI taraha samajha lene kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai / tIsare adhyayana se | pUrva pRSTha kA zeSa ] hotthA sukumAle / tategaM se sukAle kumAre prannayAkayAi tihi daMtisahassehi jahA kAle kumAre niravisesaM taheva mahAdidevA se aMte karehiMti / - nirayAvaliyA; dvitIya adhyayana, pR0 63-64 1. evaM sesA vi bhaTTha prajbhayaraNA, nAyavvA paDhamaM sarisA, gavaraM mAtAzro sarisA NAmA / girayAvalIyAo sammattAmro / -- nirayAvaliyA; samApti-prasaMga |

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106 jainAgama digdarzana dazaveM adhyayana taka kI sUcanA kevala prAghI paMkti meM yaha kahate hue ki unheM prathama adhyayana kI taraha samajha lenA cAhie, de dI gayI hai / sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki unako mAtAeM unake sadRza nAmoM kI dhAraka thIM / anta meM dazoM kumAroM ke dIkSA paryAya ko bhinna-bhinna samayAvadhi tathA bhinna-bhinna devaloka prApta karane kA ullekha karate hue upAMga kA parisamApana kara diyA gayA hai / yaha upAMga bahuta saMkSipta hai / magadha bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA buddha ke samaya meM pUrva bhArata kA eka prasiddha ekatantrIya ( eka rAjA dvArA zAsita rAjya thA / kalpikA tathA kalpAvataMsikA prAgitihAsakAlIna samAja ko sthiti jAnane kI dRSTi se upayogI haiM / 10. puSkiyA ( puSpikA ) prastuta upAMga meM daza adhyayana haiM, jinameM aise strI-puruSoM ke kathAnaka haiM, jo dharmArAdhanA aura tapaHsAdhanA dvArA svarga gaye / apane vimAnoM dvArA vaibhava, samRddhi evaM sajjApUrvaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana karane Aye / tApasa-varNana tIsare adhyayana meM somila brAhmaNa ke kathAnaka ke sandarbha meM cAlIsa prakAra ke tApasoM kA varNana hai / unameM kucha isa prakAra haiM: (ka) kevala eka kamaNDalu dhAraNa karane vAle / (kha) kevala phaloM para nirvAha karane vAle / (ga) eka bAra jala meM DubakI lagA kara tatkAla bAhara nikalane vAle | (gha) bAra-bAra jala meM DubakI lagAne vAle / (Ga) jala meM hI gale taka DUbe rahane vAle / (ca) sabhI vastroM, pAtroM aura deha ko prakSAlita rakhane vAle / (cha) zaMkha dhvani kara bhojana karane vAle / (ja) sadA khar3e rahane vAle / (jha) mRga- mAMsa ke bhakSaNa karane vAle /

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paitAlIsa mAgama (Ta) hAthI kA mAMsa khAkara rahane vaale| (Tha) sadA UMcA daNDa kiye rahane vAle / (Da) valkala-vastra dhAraNa karane vAle / (Dha) sadA pAnI meM rahane vaale| (Na) sadA vRkSa ke nIce rahane vAle / (ta) kevala jala para nirvAha karane vaale| (tha) jala ke Upara Ane vAlI zaivAla khA kara jIvana calAne vaale| (da) vAyu-bhakSaNa karane vaale| (gha) vRkSa-mUla kA AhAra karane vaale| (na) vRkSa ke kanda kA AhAra karane vaale| (pa) vRkSa ke pattoM kA AhAra karane vaale| (pha) vRkSa kI chAla kA AhAra karane vaale| (ba) puSpoM kA AhAra karane vAle / (bha) bIjoM kA AhAra karane vAle / (ma) svataH TUTa kara gire hue patroM, puSpoM, tathA phaloM kA AhAra karane vAle / (ya) dUsare dvArA phaiMke hue padArthoM kA AhAra karane vaale| (ra) sUrya kI AtApanA lene vaale| (la) kaSTa saha kara zarIra ko patthara jaisA kaThora banAne vaale| (va) paMcAgni tApane vaale| (za) garma bartana para zarIra ko paritapta karane vaale| tApasoM ke ve vibhinna rUpa usa samaya kI sAdhanA-praNAliyoM kI vividhatA ke dyotaka haiM / sAdhAraNataH inameM se kucha kA jhukAva haThayoga yA kAya-valeza mulaka tapa kI ora adhika pratIta hotA hai| ina sAdhanAoM kA sAMgopAMga rUpa kyA thA, inakA kina dArzanika paramparAoM yA dharma-sampradAyoM se sambandha thA, una dinoM bhArata meM usa prakAra ke unase bhinna aura bhI sAdhanA-krama the kyA, unake pIche tattva-cintana kI kyA pRSThabhUmi thI, ityAdi viSayoM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se ye sUcanAe~ upayogI haiN|

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jainAgama digdarzana 11. pupphacUlA (puSpacUlA) 1. zrIdevI-adhyayana, 2. hrIdevI-adhyayana, 3.vRtidevI-adhyayana, 4. kIrtidevI-adhyayana, 5. buddhidevI-adhyayana, 6. lakSmIdevI-adhyayana, 7 ilAdevI, adhyayana, 8. surAdevI-adhyayana, 6. rasadevI-adhyayana, 10. gandhadevo-adhyayana, ye daza adhyayana haiN| prathama adhyayana meM zrIdevI kA varNana hai| vaha devI daivI-vaibhava, samRddhi tathA sajjA ke sAtha apane vimAna dvArA bhagavAn ke darzana ke liye pAtI hai| gaNadhara gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra se usakA pUrva bhava pUchate haiM / bhagavAn use batalAte haiN| isa prakAra zrIdevI ke pUrva janma kA kathAnaka upasthita kiyA jAtA hai| dUsare se dazaveM taka ke adhyayana kevala saMketa mAtra haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM:-jisa prakAra prathama adhyayana meM zrIdevI kA vRttAnta vaNita hanA hai, usI prakAra avaziSTa nau devIyoM kA samajha leN| una deviyoM ke vimAnoM ke nAma unake apane-apane nAmoM ke anusAra haiN| sabhI saudharma-kalpa meM nivAsa karane vAlI haiM / pUrva bhava ke nagara, caitya, mAtApitA, unake apane nAma saMgrahaNI gAthA' ke anusAra haiN| apane pUrva bhava meM ve sabhI bhagavAn pArzva ke samparka meM aaii| puSpacUlA AryA kI ziSyAe~ huI / sabhI zarIra prAdi kA vizeSa prakSAlana karatI thIM, zauca-pradhAna thiiN| sabhI devaloka se cyavana kara mahAvideha kSetra meM siddhi prApta kareMgI / isa prakAra puSpacUlA kA samApana huaa|" 1. saMgrahaNI gAthA, jisameM pUrva-bhava ke nagara, nAma, mAtA-pitA mAdi kA ullekha rahatA hai, vicchinna pratIta hotI hai| 2. evaM sesANa vi gavaNhaM bhariNayavvaM, sarisaNAmA vimAraNA, sohamme kappe / punvabhave nagare ceiya piyamAINaM appaNo yA nAmai jahA sagahaNIe / savvA pAsassa aMtiyaM nikkhatAo, pupphacUlANaM sisiNIyAno sarIrapAusiNIyAno saccAmo aNatara caicaittA mahAvidehe vAse sijjhihiM ti| evaM khalu nikkhevamo / pupphacUlAmo smmttaayo| -pupphabUlA; antima aMza

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paitAlIla prAgama 106 12. vahidazA (vRSNidazA) nAma nandI-cUNi ke anusAra isa upAMga kA pUrA nAma andhakavRSNi dazA thaa| andhaka zabda kAla-krama se lupta ho gayA, kevala vRSNidazA bacA rahA / aba yaha upAMga isI nAma se prasiddha hai| isameM bAraha adhyayana haiM, jinameM vRSNivaMzIya bAraha rAjakumAroM kA varNana hai| unhIM rAjakumAroM ke nAma se ve adhyayana haiM : 1. niSadhakumAra-adhyayana, 2. anIkakumAra-adhyayana, 3. prahvakumAra-adhyayana, 4. vedhakumAraadhyayana, 5. pragatikumAra-adhyayana, 6. muktikamAra-adhyayana, 7. dazarathakumAra-adhyayana, 8. r3harathakumAra-adhyayana. 6. mahAdhanuSkumAraadhyayana,10. sapradhanuSkumAra-adhyayana,11. dazadhanuSkumAra-adhyayana tathA 12. shtdhnusskumaar-adhyyn| prathama adhyayana meM baladeva aura revatI ke putra niSadhakumAra ke utpanna hone, bar3e hone, zramaNopAsaka banane tathA bhagavAn ariSTanemi se zramaNa-pravrajyA grahaNa karane Adi kA varNana hai / usake vigata tathA bhaviSyamANa do bhavoM va antataH (dUsare bhava ke anta meM) mahAvideha kSetra meM siddhatva prApta karane kA varNana hai| yadyapi isa adhyayana meM vAsudeva kRSNa kA darzana prasaMgopAta hai, para, vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| vAsudeva kRSNa ke prabhutva, vaibhava, sainya, samRddhi, garimA, sajjA Adi kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaSNivaMza yA yAdava kula ke rAjya, yAdavavaMza kA vaipulya, Aja ke saurASTra ke prAgitihAsakAlIna vivaraNa Adi adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa upAMga kA yaha bhAga upayogI hai / anya gyAraha adhyayana kevala sUcanA mAtra haiN| jaise, isI prakAra (prathama kI taraha) avaziSTa gyAraha adhyayana samajhane caahie| pUrva bhava ke nAma Adi saMgrahaNI gAthA se jJAtavya haiN| ina gyAraha kumAroM kA varNana niSadhakumAra ke varNana se na nyUna hai aura na adhika / isa prakAra vRSNidazA kA samApana huaaa|" 1. evaM sesA vi ekArasa ajjhayaNA neyavvA / sagahaNI paNusAreNa ahINamaharita ekkArasasu vi / iti vahidazA sammataM / -vRSNidazA sUtra; antima aMza /

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110 jainAgama digdarzana vRSNi dazA ke samApta hone kA kathana karane ke anantara.aMta meM ina zabdoM dvArA eka aura sUcana kiyA gayA hai : "nirayAvalikA zruta-skandha samApta huaaa| upAMga samApta hue / nirayAvalikA upA~ga kA eka hI zruta-skandha hai| usake pA~ca varga haiN| ve pAMca dinoM meM upadiSTa kiye jAte haiM / pahale se cauthe taka ke vargoM meM daza-daza adhyayana haiM aura pAMcaveM varga meM bAraha adhyayana haiN| nirayAvalikA zruta-skandha samApta huaa|" isa ullekha se bahata spaSTa hai, vartamAna meM pRthaka-pRthaka pAMca gine jAne vAle nirayAvalikA (kalpikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA puSpacUlA tathA vRSNidazA); ye upAMga kabhI eka hI grantha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita the| cheva sUtra bauddha vAGamaya meM vinaya-piTaka kI jo sthiti hai, jaina vAGamaya meM cheda-sUtroM kI lagabhaga usI prakAra kI sthiti hai / inameM jaina zramaNoM tathA zramaNiyoM ke jIvana se sambaddha AcAra-viSayaka niyamoM kA vizleSaNa hai, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA nirUpita kiye gaye the tathA Age bhI samaya-samaya para unakI uttaravartI paramparA meM nirdhArita hote gaye the| niyama-bhaMga ho jAne para sAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA anusaraNIya aneka prAyazcitta-vidhiyoM kA inameM vizeSataH vizleSaNa hai| zramaNa-jIvana kI pavitratA ko banAye rakhane kI dRSTi se chedasUtroM kA vizeSa mahattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki inheM uttama kahA gayA hai| bhikSu-jIvana ke samyaka saMcAlana ke hetu cheda-sUtroM kA adhyayana atyanta Avazyaka samajhA gayA hai| prAcArya, upAdhyAya jaise mahattvapUrNa padoM ke adhikArI cheda-sUtroM ke marma-vettA hoM, aisA apekSita mAnA jAtA rahA hai| kahA gayA hai, koI bhI prAcArya 1. nirayAvaliyA suyakakhaMgho smmtto| sammattAriNa ya ubaMgArie / nirayAvali udgeNaM ego suyakkhaMgho, paMcavaggA paMcasu divasesu uddisati / tattha causu dasa dasa uddesagA / paMcamage bArasa udde sagA / nirayAvaliyA suyakkhaMgho smmto| -nirayAvaliyA; (vahidazA), antima bhAga

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paitAlIsa Agama 111 cheda-sUtroM ke gambhIra adhyayana ke binA apane zramaNa-samudAya ko le kara grAmAnugrAma vihAra nahIM kara sktaa| nizItha bhASya meM batalAyA gayA hai ki cheda-sUtra arhat-pravacana kA rahasya udbodhita karane vAle haiM, guhya-gopya haiN| ve alpa sAmarthyavAn sAdhaka ko nahIM diye jA sakate / pUrNa pAtra hI unake adhikArI hote haiM / bhASyakAra kA kahanA hai ki, jisa prakAra aparipakva ghaTa meM rakhA gayA jala ghaTa ko naSTa kara detA hai, usI prakAra cheda-sUtroM meM sannihita siddhAntoM kA rahasya anadhikArI sAdhaka ke nAza kA kAraNa hotA hai| vinaya-piTaka ke sambandha meM isI prakAra kI gahyatA (gopanIyatA) kI carcA prApta hotI hai / milinda-prazna meM ullekha hai ki vinayapiTaka ko chipA kara rakhA jAnA cAhie, jisase apayaza na ho| kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki prAyazcitta prakaraNa meM bhikSutroM aura bhikSuNiyoM dvArA pramAda yA bhogAkAMkSA ke ubhara jAne ke kAraNa sevita una cAritrika doSoM kA bhI varNana hai, jinakI vizuddhi ke liye amuka-amuka prAyazcitta karane hote haiM / jana-sAdhAraNa taka usa sthiti kA pahaMcanA lAbhakara nahIM hotaa| jo vastusthiti ke paripUrNa jJAtA nahIM hote, unameM isase zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke prati aneka prakAra kI vicikitsA tathA azraddhA kA utpanna honA AzaMkita hai| sambhavataH isI kAraNa gopyatA kA saMketa kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| 1. nisIha (nizItha), 2. mahAnisIha (mahAnizItha), 3. vavahAra (vyavahAra), 4. dasAsuyakkhaMgha (dazAtha taskandha), 5. kappa(kalpa), 6. paMca-kappa athavA jIyakappa (paMca kalpa athavA jItakalpa) prabhRti cheda-sUtra mAne jAte haiN| 1. nisIha (nizItha) zabda kA arthaH nizItha zabda kA artha andhakAra, aprakAza yA rAtri hai| nizItha bhASya meM isakA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai : "aprakAza yA prandhakAra. loka meM 'nizItha' zabda se abhihita hotA hai| jo aprakAzadharma-rahasyabhUta yA gopanIya hotA hai, use bhI nizItha kahA gayA

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112 jainAgama digdarzana hai|" isa vyAkhyA kA tAtparya yaha hai ki, jisa prakAra rahasyamaya vidyA mantra, tantra, yoga Adi anadhikArI yA aparipakva buddhivAle vyaktiyoM ko nahIM batAye jA sakate arthAt unase unheM chipA kara yA gopya rakhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra nizItha sUtra bhI gopya hai, hara kisI ke samakSa udghATya nahIM hai| nizItha AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zruta-skandha se sambaddha mAnA jAtA hai / ise prAcArAMga ke dvitIya zruta-skandha kI paMcama cUlA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, jise nizItha-calA-adhyayana kahA jAtA hai| nizItha ko AcAra-prakalpa ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| nizItha sUtra meM sAdhunoM ke aura sAdhviyoM ke prAcAra se sambaddha utsarga-vidhi tathA apavAda-vidhi kA vivecana hai evaM unameM skhalanA hone para prAcaraNIya prAyazcittoM kA vivecana hai| isa sandarbha meM vahA~ bahuta sUkSma vizleSaNa huA hai, jo apane saMyama-jIvitavya kA samyak nirvAha karane kI bhAvanA vAle pratyeka nirgrantha tathA nirgranthinI ke liye paThanIya hai / aisI mAnyatA hai ki yadi koI sAdhu nizItha sUtra vismRta kara de, to vaha yAvajjIvana AcArya-pada kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| racanA : racanAkAra nizItha sUtra kI racanA kaba huI, kisake dvArA huI, yaha nivivAda nahIM hai / bahuta pahale se isa sambandha meM mata-bheda cale A rahe haiM / nizItha bhASyakAra kA abhimata hai ki pUrvadhArI zramaNoM dvArA isakI racanA kI gayI / arthAt yaha pUrva-jJAna ke AdhAra para nibaddha hai| isakA aura adhika spaSTa rUpa isa prakAra mAnA jAtA hai ki navama pratyAkhyAna pUrva ke AcAra-saMjJaka tRtIya adhikAra ke bIsaveM prAbhUta ke AdhAra para yaha (nizItha-sUtra) racA gyaa| __ cUrNikAra jinadAsa mahattara kA mantavya hai ki. visAhagaNi (vizAkha gaNI) mahattara ne isakI racanA kI, jisakA uddezya apane 1. jaM hoti appagAsaM, taM tu nisIhaM ti logsiddh| jaM apagAsadhamma aNNaM pi tayaM nisIghaMti / /

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paiMtAlIsa prAgama 113 ziSya-praziSyoM kA hita-sAdhana thaa| paMcakalpa cUrNi meM batAyA gayA hai ki, prAcArya bhadrabAhu nizItha sUtra ke racayitA the| nizItha sUtra meM bIsa uddezaka haiN| pratyeka uddezaka bhinna-bhinna saMkhyaka sUtroM se vibhakta haiN| vyAkhyA sAhitya __ nizItha ke sUtroM para niyukti kI racanA huI / paramparA se prAcArya bhadrabAhu niyuktikAra ke rupa meM prasiddha haiN| sUtra evaM niyukti ke vizleSaNa hetu saMghadAsa gaNI ne bhASya kI racanA kii| sUtra, niyukti aura bhASya para jinadAsa mahattara ne vizeSa cUNi kI racanA kI, jo atyanta sAra-gabhita hai| pradya mna sUri ke ziSya dvArA isa para pravacUri kI bhI racanA kI gaI / isa para bRhad bhASya bhI racA gayA, para, vaha aAja prApta nahIM hai / sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA dvArA nizItha sUtra kA bhASya evaM cUrNi ke sAtha cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzana huyA hai, jisakA sampAdana suprasiddha vidvAn upAdhyAya amara muni jI tathA muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' dvArA kiyA gayA hai| 2. mahAnisIha (mahAnizItha) mahAnizItha ko samagra Arhat-pravacana kA sAra batAyA gayA hai| para, vastutaH jo mUla rUpa meM mahAnizItha thA, vaha yathAvat nahIM raha skaa| kahA jAtA hai ki, isake grantha naSTa-bhraSTa ho gaye, unheM dImaka khaagye| tatpazcAt prAcArya haribhadrasUri ne usakA punaH pariSkAra yA saMzodhana kiyA aura use eka svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki vRddhavAdI, siddhasena, yakSasena, devagupta, yazovardhana, ravigupta, nemicandra tathA jinadAsa gaNI prabhRti prAcAryoM ne use samAhRta kiyaa| vaha pravartita huA / sAdhAraNatayA nizItha ko laghu nizItha aura ise mahAnizItha kahA jAtA hai| para, vAstava meM aisA ghaTita nahIM hotA; kyoMki uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki mahAnizItha kA vAstavika rUpa vidyamAna nahIM hai| ____mahAnizItha chaH adhyayanoM tathA do cUlAoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama adhyayana kA nAma zalyoddharaNa hai| isameM pApa rUpa zalya kI

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114 jainAgama digdarzana nindA aura pAlocanA ke sandarbha meM aThAraha pApa-sthAnakoM kI carcA hai| dvitIya adhyayana meM karmoM ke vipAka tathA pApa-karmoM ko pAlocanA kI vidheyatA kA varNana hai| tRtIya aura caturtha adhyayana meM kutsita zola yA pAcaraNa vAle sAdhunoM kA saMsarga na kiye jAne ke sambandha meM upadeza hai / prasaMgopAtta yahAM ullekha hai ki, navakAra mantra kA uddhAra kiyA aura ise mala sUtra meM sthAna diyA / ' navanotasAra saMjJaka paMcama adhyayana meM guru-ziSya ke pArasparika sambandha kA vivecana hai| usa prasaMga meM gaccha kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki gacchAcAra nAmaka prakorNaka kI racanA isI ke AdhAra para huii| SaSTha adhyayana meM pAlocanA tathA prAyazcitta ke kramazaH dasa aura cAra bhedoM kA varNana hai| pati kI mRtyu para strI ke satI hone tathA yadi koI rAjA niSpatra mara jAe, to usakI vidhavA kanyA ko rAjya-siMhAsanAsIna kiye jAne kA bhI yahAM ullekha hai / aitihAsikatA isa sUtra kI bhASA tathA viSaya ke svarUpa ko dekhate hae isako gaNanA prAcIna AgamoM meM kiyA jAnA samIcona nahIM lgtaa| isameM tantra sambandhI varNana bhI prApta hote haiN| jaina AgamoM ke atirikta itara granthoM kA bhI isameM ullekha hai / anya bhI aise aneka pahalU haiM, jinase yaha sambhAvanA puSTa hoto hai ki yaha sUtra arvAcIna hai| 3. vavahAra (vyavahAra) : zrata-vAGamaya meM vyavahAra-sUtra kA bahuta bar3A mahatva hai| yahAM taka ki ise dvAdazAMga kA navanIta kahA gayA hai| yadyapi saMkhyA meM cheda-sUtra chaH haiM, para, vastutaH unameM viSaya, sAmagrI, racanA Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa tIna hI haiM, jinameM vyavahAra sUtra mukhya haiM / avaziSTa do nizItha aura bRhatkalpa haiN| 1. yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki digambara-mAnyatA meM navakAra mantra ke viSaya meM bhinna mAnyatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke dhavalA TIkAkAra vIrasena kA abhimata hai ki prAcArya puSpadanta navakAra mantra ke sraSTA haiM /

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paitAlIsa prAgama 115 daza uddezaka haiM, jo lagabhaga tIna sau sUtroM meM vibhakta haiN| kalevara meM yaha zru ta-grantha nizItha se choTA aura vRhatkalpa se bar3A hai| bhikSuSoM, bhikSuNiyoM dvArA jJAta-ajJAta rUpa meM prAcarita doSoM yA skhalanAmoM kI zuddhi yA pratikAra ke lie prAyazcitta, AlocanA Adi kA yahAM bahuta mArmika varNana hai| udAharaNArtha, prathama uddezaka meM eka prasaMga hai / yadi eka sAdhu apane gaNa se pRthaka ho kara ekAkI vihAra karane lage aura phira yadi apane gaNa meM punaH samAviSTa honA cAhe, to usake lie Avazyaka hai ki, vaha usa gaNa ke prAcArya, upAdhyAya Adi ke samakSa apanI gardA, nindA, AlocanApUrvaka prAyazcitta aMgIkAra kara prAtma-mArjana kre| yadi prAcArya.yA upAdhyAya na mile, to sAmbhogika, vidyAgamI sAdhuoM ke samakSa vaisA kare / yadi vaha bhI na mile, to satrakAra ne anya sAmbhogika itara sampradAya ke vidyAgamI sAdhu ke samakSa vaisA karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| usake bhI na milane para sUtrakAra ne anya viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke vikalpa upasthita kie haiM, jinakI sAkSI se AlocanA, nindA, gare dvArA antaH-pariSkAra kara prAyazcitta kiyA jaaye| yadi vaisA koI bhI na mila pAe, to sUtrakAra kA nirdeza hai ki grAma, nagara, nigama, rAjadhAnI, kher3a, karpaTa, maDamba, paTTaNa, droNamukha Adi ke pUrva yA uttara dizA meM sthita ho, apane mastaka para donoM hAthoM kI aMjali rakha kara isa prakAra kahate hue AtmaparyAlocana kare ki maiMne aparAdha kie haiM, sAdhutva meM aparAdhI doSI banA huuN| maiM arhatoM aura siddhoM kI sAkSI se AlocanA karatA huuN| Atma-pratikrAnta hotA hUM, prAtma-nindA tathA gardA karatA hUM, prAyazcitta svIkAra karatA huuN| Atma-pariSkRti yA antaHzodhana kI yaha mahatvapUrNa prakriyA hai, jo zrAmaNya ke vizuddha-nirvahana meM niHsaMdeha udbodhaka tathA utpreraka hai / vyavahAra-sUtra meM isa prakAra ke aneka prasaMga haiM, jinakA zramaNajIvana evaM zramaNa-saMgha ke vyavasthA-krama, samIcInatayA saMcAlana tathA pavitratA kI dRSTi se bar3A mahattva hai|

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116 katipaya mahatvapUrNa prasaMga prAyazcittoM ke vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se dUsarA uddezaka bhI vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / anavasthApya, pArAMcika Adi prAyazcittoM ke sandarbha meM isa meM aneka mahatvapUrNa tathyoM kA vivecana huA hai / eka sthAna para varNana hai- "jo sAdhu rogAkrAnta hai, vAyu Adi ke prakopa se jisakA citta vikSipta hai, kAraNa vizeSa ( kandarpodbhava Adi) se jisake citta meM vaikalya hai, yakSa Adi ke Aveza ke kAraNa jo glAna hai, zaitya Adi se pratyAkrAnta hai, jo unmAda prApta hai, jo devakRta upasarga se grasta hone ke kAraNa asta-vyasta hai, krodha Adi kaSAya ke tIvra praveza ke kAraNa jisakA citta khinna hai, usako -- una sabako jaba taka ve svastha na ho jAyeM, taba taka unheM gaNa se bahiSkRta karanA prakalpya hai / " isa prakAra ke aura bhI aneka prasaMga haiM / gaNa - dhArakatA ke lie apekSita vidhi - niSedha, padAsInatA, bhikSA-caryA, vidhi krama, svAdhyAya ke sambandha meM sUcana Adi aneka vivaraNa haiM jo zramaNa jIvana ke sarvAMgINa adhyayana evaM anuzIlana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM / jainAgama digdarzana sthitiyAM vihAra caryA ke sambhoga - visambhoga kA sAtavAM uddedezaka sAdhunoM aura sAdhviyoM ke pArasparika vyavahAra kI dRSTi se adhyetavya hai / vahAM ullekha hai ki, tIna varSa ke dIkSA paryAyavAlA arthAt jise pravrajita hue kevala tIna varSa hue haiM, vaisA sAdhu usa sAdhvI ko, jise dIkSA grahaNa kiye tIsa varSa ho gaye haiM, upAdhyAya ke rUpa meM pradeza - upadeza de sakatA hai / isI prakAra kevala pAMca varSa kA dIkSita sAdhu sATha varSa kI dIkSitA sAdhvI ko prAcAryarUpa meM upadeza de sakatA hai / ye vidhAna vinayapiTaka ke usa prasaMga se tulanIya haiM, jahAM sau varSa kI upasampadA prApta bhikSuNI ko bhI usI dina upasampanna bhikSu ke prati abhivAdana, pratyutthAna, aMjali prati Adi karane kA vidhAna hai / sAdhuoM evaM sAdhviyoM ke AcAra-vyavahAra-sambandhI tAratamya aura bheda-rekhA kI dRSTi se ye prasaMga vizeSa rUpa se mananIya evaM samIkSaNIya haiM /

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117 paitAlI Amaga navama udde zaka meM sAdhu kI pratimAoM tathA abhigraha kA aura dazama adhyayana meM yavamadhya - candra pratimA, vajra - madhya - candra pratimA Adi kA varNana hai / dazama adhyayana meM zAstrAdhyayana kI kA vivecana hai, jo pratyeka sAdhu-sAdhvI ke anusAra nimnAMkita dIkSA - paryAya - sampanna sAdhu * zAstrAdhyayana kA adhikArI hai : dIkSA - paryAya tIna varSa cAra varSa pAMca varSa ATha varSa daza varSa gyAraha varSa bAraha varSa teraha varSa caudaha varSa pandraha varSa solaha varSa sataraha varSa aThAraha varSa unnIsa varSa bIsa varSa maryAdA evaM niyamAnukrama lie jJAtavya hai / usake nimnAMkita rUpa meM zAstra pracAra-kalpa sUtrakRtAMga dazAzru taskandha, kalpa aura vyavahAra sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga vyAkhyA prajJapti kSullikA -vimAna- pravibhakti, mahatI - vimAna - pravibhakti, aMgacUlikA, vaMga (varga) - cUlikA evaM vyAkhyA - cUlikA aruNopapAta, garuDopapAta, varuNopapAta, vaizramaNopapAta, velaMdharopapAta / utthAna - zruta, samutthAna-zruta, devendropapAta, nAgapariyApanikA svapna adhyayana cAraNa-bhAvanA adhyayana veda- nisarga AzIviSa- bhAvanA - adhyayana dRSTi - viSa - bhAvanA - aMga dRSTivAda aMga sabhI zAstra

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118 jainAgama digdarzana __isa uddezaka meM prAcArya, upAdhyAya, sthavira, tapasvI, nava dIkSita zaikSa (ziSya), vArdhakya Adi ke kAraNa glAna (zramaNa), kula, gaNa, saMgha tathA sArmika; ina daza ke vaiyAvRtya-daihika sevA Adi kA bhI ullekha hai| racayitA aura vyAkhyAkAra / ___ vyavahAra sUtra ke racanAkAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| unhIM ke nAma se isa para niyukti hai / para, sUtrakAra tathA niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu eka hI the, yaha vivAdAspada hai| bahuta sambhava hai, sUtra tathA niyukti bhinnakartRka hoM; isa nAma se do bhinna prAcAryoM kI racanAe hoN| vyavahAra sUtra para bhASya bhI upalabdha hai para, niyukti tathA bhASya paraspara mizrita se ho gaye haiN| prAcArya malayagiri dvArA bhASya para vivaraNa kI racanA kI gayI hai| vyavahAra sUtra para cUNi aura avacari kI bhI racanA hii| aisA abhimata hai ki isa para bRhad bhASya bhI thA, para, vaha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| 4. vasAsuyakkhaMgha (kzA taskandha) yaha cheda-sUtroM meM cauthA hai| ise dazA, prAcAra-dazA yA dazAzrata bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha daza bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai, jinheM dazA nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / pAThavAM bhAga adhyayana nAma se saMketita hai| prathama dazA meM asamAdhi ke bIsa sthAnoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya dazA meM zabala ke ikkIsa sthAnoM kA vivecana hai| zabala kA artha dhabboM vAlA, citakabarA yA sadoSa hai| yahAM zabala kA prayoga dUSita pAcaraNa rUpa dhabboM ke artha meM hai / tRtIya dazA meM AzAtanA ke taiMtIsa prakAra Adi kA ullekha hai| gariNa-sampadA __ caturtha dazA meM gaNI yA prAcArya kI pATha sampadAoM kA varNana hai| ve pATha sampadAeM isa prakAra haiM : 1. AcAra-sampadA, 2. zratasampadA, 3.. zarIra-sampadA, 4. vacana-sampadA, 5. vAcanA-sampadA, 6. mati-sampadA, 7. prayoga-sampadA, 8. saMgraha-sampadA / pratyeka

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-paiMtAlIsa prAgama sampadA ke bhedoM kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha zramaNa-saMskRti se prApyAyita virATa vyaktitva ke svarUpa ko jAnane kI dRSTi se bahuta upayogI hai ; ataH una bhedoM kA yahAM ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai : AcAra-sampadA ke cAra bhedaH 1. saMyama meM dhra va yogayukta honA, 2. ahaMkArarahita honA, 3. aniyatavRtti honA, 4. vRddhasvabhAvI (acaJcala svabhAvI) honaa| zruta-sampadA ke cAra bhedaH 1. bahuzru tatA, 2. paricitazra tatA, 3. vicitrazru tatA, 4. ghossvishuddhikaarktaa| __ zarIra-sampadA ke cAra bheda : 1. prAdeya-vacana, (grahaNa karane yogya vANI), 2. madhura vacana, 3. anizcita (pratibandha rahita) vacana, 4. asandigdha vacana / vAcanA-sampadA ke cAra bheda : 1. vicArapUrvaka vAcya viSaya kA uddeza-nirdeza karanA, 2. vicArapUrvaka vAcanA karanA, 3. upayukta viSaya kA hI vivecana karanA, 4. artha kA / sunizcita nirUpaNa krnaa| mati-sampadA ke cAra bheda : 1. avagraha-mati-sampadA, 2. IhAmati-sampadA, 3. avAya-mati-sampadA, 4. dhAraNA-mati-sampadA / __ prayoga-sampadA ke cAra bheda : 1. Atma-jJAna pUrvaka vAda-prayoga, 2. pariSad-jJAna pUrvaka vAda-prayoga, 3. kSetra-jJAna pUrvaka vAda-prayoga, 4. vastu-jJAna pUrvaka vaad-pryog| saMgraha-sampadA ke cAra bheda : 1. varSARtu meM saba muniyoM ke nivAsa ke lie yogya sthAna kI parIkSA karanA, 2. saba maniyoM ke liye prAtihArika pITha-phalaka-zayyA saMstAraka kI vyavasthA karanA, 3. niyata samaya para pratyeka kArya karanA, 4. apane se bar3oM kI pUjApratiSThA krnaa| paMcama dazA meM citta-samAdhi-sthAna tathA usake daza bhedoM kA varNana hai / SaSTha dazA meM upAsaka yA zrAvaka kI daza pratimAoM kA 'nirUpaNa hai / usa sandarbha meM sUtrakAra ne mithyAtva-prasUta akriyAvAda

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120 jainAgama digdarzana aura prArambha-samArambha-mUlaka kriyAvAda kA vistAra se vizleSaNa karate hue droha, rAga, moha, Asakti, vaimanasya tathA bhogaiSaNA, laukika sukha, lokaiSaNA-loka-prazasti Adi se udbhUta anekAneka pApa-kRtyoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue unake nArakIya phaloM kA romAMcaka varNana kiyA hai| saptama dazA meM dvAdazavidha bhikSu-pratimA kA varNana hai / jaise, prathama eka mAsika bhikSu-pratimA meM pAlanIya prAcAra-niyamoM ke sandarbha meM vihAra-pravAsa ko uddiSTa kara batalAyA gayA hai ki eka mAsika bhikSu-pratimA-upapanna bhikSu,jisa kSetra meM use pahacAnane vAle hoM, vahAM kevala eka rAta, adhika ho to, do rAta pravAsa kara vihAra kara jaae| aisA na karane para vaha bhikSu-dIkSAcheda athavA parihArika tapa ke prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai| pratyeka pratimA ke sambandha meM vizada vivacana kiyA gayA hai, jo pratyeka saMyama evaM tapa-rata bhikSu ke liye pari. zIlanIya hai| aSTama adhyayana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cyavana, garbhasaMharaNa, janma, dIkSA, kevala-jJAna, mokSa kA varNana hai| ise pajjosaNa-kappa yA kalpa-sUtra ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| isa para aneka prAcAryoM kI TIkAe~ hai, jinameM jinaprabha, dharmasAgara, vinayavijaya, samayasundara, ratnasAgara,saMghavijaya, lakSmIvallabha Adi mukhya haiM / payuSaNa ke dinoM meM sAdhu. pravacana meM isako par3hate haiM / cheda-sUtroM kA pariSad meM paThana na kiye jAne kI paramparA rahI hai| kyoMki unameM adhikAMzataH sAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA jAna-anajAna meM huI bhUloM, doSoM Adi ke sammArjana ke vidhi-krama haiM, jinheM vizeSataH unheM hI samajhanA cAhie. jinase unakA sambandha ho / paryuSaNa-kalpa cheda sUtra kA aMga hote hue bhI eka apanI bhinna sthiti lie hue hai; ataH usakA paThana antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke itihAsa kA avabodha karAne ke hetu upayogI hai| kiMvadantI hai ki vikramAbda 523 meM Anandapura ke rAjA dhra vasena ke putra kA maraNa ho gyaa| use tathA usake pArivarika janoM ko zAnti dene kI dRSTi se taba se isakA vyAkhyAna meM paThana-krama prArambha hugrA /

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paitAlIsa mAgama 121 racanAkAraH vyAkhyA-sAhitya dazAzrutaskandha ke racayitA prAcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| unhIM ke nAma se isa para niyukti hai / para, jaisA ki vyavahAra-sUtra ke varNana ke prasaMga meM ullekha huaA hai, sUtra aura niyukti kI eka-kartRkatA saMdigdha hai| isa para cUNi kI bhI racanA huI / brahmarSi pArzvacandrIya praNIta vRtti bhI hai| 5. kappa (kalpa athavA vRhatkalpa) dazAzrutaskandha ke aSTama adhyayana meM paryuSaNA-kalpa kI carcA kI gayI hai, usase yaha bhinna hai| ise kalpAdhyayana bhI kahA jAtA hai| kalpa yA kalpya kA artha yoga yA vihita hai| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke saMyama jIvana ke nimitta jo sAdhaka AcaraNa haiM, ve kalpa yA kalpya haiM aura usameM bAdhA yA vidhna upasthita karane vAle jo AcaraNa haiM. ve akalpa yA prakalpya haiM / prastuta sUtra meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke saMyata caryA ke sandarbha meM vastra, pAtra, sthAna Adi ke viSaya meM vizada vivecana hai| ise jaina zramaNa-jIvana se sambaddha prAcInatama AcAra-zAstra kA mahAn grantha mAnA jAtA haiN| nizItha aura vyavahAra kI taraha isakA bhI bhASA, viSaya Adi kI dRSTi se bar3A mahatva hai| isakI bhASA vizeSa prAcInatA liye hue hai| para, TIkAkAroM dvArA yatra-tatra parivartana, parivardhana Adi kiyA jAtA rahA hai, jaisA ki anyAnya prAgamoM meM bhI humA hai| kalevara : viSaya-vastu chaH uddezakoM meM yaha sUtra vibhakta hai| zramaNoM ke khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana, vihAra-caryA Adi ke gahana vivecana kI dRSTi isa meM parilakSita hotI hai / prasaMgopAtta isake prathama uddezaka meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke vihAra-kSetra ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki unheM pUrva meM aMga aura magadha taka, dakSiNa meM kauzAmbI taka, pazcima meM thAnezvara-pradeza taka tathA uttara-pUrva meM kuNAla-pradeza taka vihAra karanA kalpya hai / itanA Arya kSetra hai / isase bAhara vihAra kalpya nahIM hai| isake anantara kahA gayA ha ki yadi sAdhuoM ko apane jJAna, darzana tathA cAritrya kA vighAta na pratIta hotA ho, logoM meM jJAna, darzana va cAritrya kI vRddhi hone kI

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122 jainAgama digdarzana sambhAvanA ho, to ukta sImAoM se bhI bAhara vihAra karanA kalpya hai| tIsare uddezaka meM sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ke eka-dUsare ke Thaharane ke sthAna meM AvAgamana kI maryAdA, baiThane, sone, AhAra karane, svAdhyAya karane, dhyAna karane Adi ke niSedha prabhRti kA varNana hai / zramaNa-pravrajyA svIkAra karane ke samaya upakaraNa-grahaNa kA vidhAna, varSA-kAla ke cAra tathA avaziSTa ATha mAsa meM vastra-vyavahAra Adi aura bhI aneka aise viSaya isa uddezaka meM vyAkhyAta hue haiM, jo satata jAgarUka tathA saMyama-rata jIvana ke samyak nirvAha kI preraNA dete haiN| caturtha uddezaka meM AcAra-vidhi tathA prAyazcittoM kA vizleSaNa hai| usa saMdarbha meM anuddhAtika, pArAMcika tathA anavasthApya Adi kI carcA hai| katipaya mahatvapUrNa ullekha prAsaMgika rUpa meM caturtha uddezaka meM ullekha huaA hai ki gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, kosI aura mahI nAmaka jo bar3I nadiyAM haiM, unameM se kisI bhI nadI ko eka mAsa meM eka bAra se adhika pAra karanA sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie kalpya nahIM hai| sAtha hI-sAtha vahAM aisA bhI kahA gayA hai : "jaise, kuNAlA meM erAvatI nadI hai, vaha kama jala vAlI hai; ataH eka paira ko pAnI ke bhItara aura dUsare ko pAnI ke Upara karate hue pAnI dekha kara (nitAra-nitAra kara) use pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| use eka mAsa meM do bAra, tIna bAra pAra karanA bhI kalpya hai| para jahA~ jala kI adhikatA ke kAraNa vaisA karanA zakya nahIM hai, vahAM eka bAra se adhika pAra karanA akalpya hai| chaThe uddezaka meM eka prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki, kisI sAdhu ke pA~va meM kIlA, kAMTA, kAca kA tIkhA Tukar3A gar3a jAye, use svayaM nikAlane meM sakSama na ho, nikAlane vAlA anya sAdhu pAsa meM na ho, yadi sAdhvI use zuddha bhAvapUrvaka nikAle, to vaha tIrtha kara kI AjJA kA atikramaNa nahIM krtii| isI prakAra sAdhu kI prAMkha meM koI jIvabhunagA, bIja, raja-kaNa Adi par3a jAye, use baha sAdhu svayaM na nikAla

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paMtAlIsa Agama 123 sake aura na vaisA kara sakane vAlA koI dUsarA sAdhu pAsa meM ho, to sAdhvI zuddha bhAva se vaisA karatI huI tIrthaMkara kI AjJA kA atikramaNa nahIM krtii| ___ sAdhvI kI bhI yadi vaisI hI sthiti ho, jaisI sAdhu kI batalAI gaI hai, to sAdhu zuddha bhAva se sAdhvI ke paira se kIlA, kAMTA, kAca kA Tukar3A Adi nikAla sakatA hai| prAMkha meM se kITANu, bIja, raja-kaNa Adi haTA sakatA hai| vaisA karatA huA vaha tIrthaMkara kI prAjJA kI virAdhanA nahIM krtaa| eka aura prasaMga hai, jisameM batalAyA gayA hai ki, yadi koI sAdhvI durgama sthAna, viSama sthAna, parvata se skhalita ho rahI ho, gira rahI ho; use bacA sake, vaisI koI dUsarI sAdhvI usake pAsa na ho, to sAdhu use pakar3a kara sahArA dekara bacAe, to vaha tIrthaMkara kI AjJA kA atikramaNa nahIM karatA / isI prakAra yadi koI sAdhU nadI, jalAzaya yA kIcar3a meM phaMsI sAdhvI ko pakar3a kara nikAla de, to vaha tIrthaMkara kI AjJA kA ullaMghana nahIM krtaa| isI prakAra naukA meM caDhate-utarate samaya sAdhvI ke lar3akhar3A jAne, par3ane lagane, vAta Adi doSa se vikSipta ho jAne ke kAraNa apane ko na sambhAla pAe, harSAtireka yA zokAtireka se grasta-citta ho kara prAtma-ghAta Adi ke lie udyata hone, yakSa, bhUta, preta Adi se Avezita ho jAne ke kAraNa asta-vyasta dazA meM ho jAne jaise aneka prasaMga upasthita karate hue sUtrakAra ne nirdiSTa kiyA hai ki ukta sthiti meM sAdhu sAdhvI ko pakar3a kara bacA sakatA hai / vaisA karane meM use koI doSa nahIM aataa| spaSTa hai ki sUtrakAra ne ina prasaMgoM se zramaNa-jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM ko sUkSmatA se parakhate hue eka vyavasthA nirdezita kI hai, jo zrAmaNya ke zuddhipUrvaka nirvahaNa-hetu apekSita evaM upayukta suvidhAnoM kI pUraka hai| racanA evaM vyAkhyA-sAhitya kalpa yA vRhatkalpa ke racanAkAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| prAcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki pratyAkhyAna saMjJaka navama pUrva

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124 jainAgama digdarzaka kI prAcAra nAmaka tRtIya vastu ke bIsaveM prAbhUta ke prAyazcittasambandhI vivecana ke AdhAra para isakI racanA kI gyii| pUrva-jJAna kI paramparA usa samaya astonmukha thI; ataH prAyazcitta-vidhAna jinheM pratyeka zramaNa-zramaNI ko bhalIbhAMti jAnanA cAhie, kahIM ucchinna yA lupta na ho jAe, etadartha prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne vyavahAra sUtra aura kalpasUtra race / . kalpa para bhadravAhu kRta niyukti bhI hai, jisakI kartRkatA asandigdha nahIM hai| zrI saMghadAsa gaNI ne laghu bhASya kI racanA kii| malayagiri ne ullekha kiyA hai ki prAcArya bhadrabAha ko niyukti tathA zrI saMghadAsa gaNI kA bhASya; donoM isa prakAra paraspara vimizrita jaise ho gaye haiM ki una donoM ko pRthak-pRthak sthApita karanA asambhava jaisA hai| bhASya para prAcArya malayagiri ne vivaraNa kI racanA kii| para, vaha racanA pUrNa nahIM thii| lagabhaga do zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAt zrI kSemakIrti sUri ne use pUrA kiyaa| vRhatkalpa para vRhad bhASya bhI hai, para, vaha pUrNa nahIM hai, kevala tRtIya uddezaka taka hI prApya hai| isa para vizeSa cUrNi kI bhI racanA huii| 6. paMcakappa (paMca-kalpa) paMcakalpa sUtra aura paMcakalpa bhASya; ye do nAma pracalita haiM, jinase sAmAnyataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sambhavataH ye do grantha hoM, para, vAstava meM aisA nahIM hai| nAma do hai, grantha ek| zrI malayagiri aura zrI kSemakIrti ke anusAra paMcakalpa-bhASya vastutaH vRhatkalpabhASya kA hI eka aza hai| isakI vaisoM hI sthiti hai, jaisI piNDaniyukti aura aogha-niyukti kI haiN| piNDa-niyukti koI mUlataH pRthak grantha nahIM hai, vaha dazavaikAlika-niyukti kA ho bhAga hai / usI prakAra aogha-niyukti bhI svatantra grantha na ho kara Avazyaka-niyukti kA hI bhAga hai| viSaya-vizeSa se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa pAThakoM kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se unheM pRthak-pRthak kara diyA gayA hai / vRhatkalpa-bhASya kA aMza hone ke nAte paMcakalpa sUtra yA paMcakalpa-bhASya zrI saMghadAsa gaNI dvArA racita hI mAnA jAnA caahiye| isa para cUNi kI bhI racanA huii|

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paitAlIsa prAgama 125 jIyakappasutta (jItakalpa sUtra) jI, jIya yA jIta kA artha paramparA se prAgata prAcAra, maryAdA, vyavasthA yA prAyazcitta se sambandha rakhane vAlA eka prakAra kA rivAja Adi hai| isa sUtra meM jaina zramaNoM ke prAcAra ke sambandha meM prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna hai| eka sau tIna gAthAe haiN| isameM prAyazcitta kA mahattva, prAtma-zuddhi yA antaH-pariSkAra meM usakI upAdeyatA Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| prAyazcitta ke daza bhedoM kA vahAM vivecana hai: 1. pAlocanA, 2. pratikramaNa, 3. mizra-pAlocanA-pratikramaNa, 4. viveka, 5. vyutsarga, 6. tapa, 7. cheda, 8. mUla, 6. anavasthApya, 10. paaraaNcik| aisI mAnyatA hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu ke anantara antima do anavasthApya aura pArAMcika nAmaka prAyazcitta vyuchinna ho gye| racanA : vyAkhyA-sAhitya suprasiddha jaina lekhaka, vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya jaise mahAn grantha ke praNetA zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa (saptama vi. zatI) isa sUtra ke racayitA mAne jAte haiM / kSamAzramaNa isake bhASyakAra bhI kahe jAte haiM, para, vaha bhASya vastuta: koI svatantra grantha na ho kara vRhatkalpabhASya, vyavahAra-bhASya, paMcakalpa-bhASya tathA piNDa-niyukti prabhRti granthoM kI viSayAnurUpa bhinna-bhinna gAthAoM kA saMkalana mAtra hai| prAcArya siddhasena ne isa grantha para carNI kI racanA kii| zrIcandra sari ne (1228 bikramAbda meM) usa (cUNi) para 'viSama-pada-vyAkhyA' nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kii| zrI tilakAcArya praNIta vatti bhI hai| yatijItakalpa aura zrAddha-jItakalpa nAmaka grantha bhI jItakalpa satra se hI sambaddha yA tad viSayAntargata mAne jAte haiN| yati-jItakalpa meM yatiyoM yA sAdhuoM ke prAcAra kA varNana hai aura zrAddha-jItakalpa meM zrAddhazramaNopAsaka yA zrAvaka ke prAcAra kA vivecana hai| yati-jItakalpa kI racanA zrI somaprabha sari ne kii| zrI sAdhuratna ne usa para vRtti likhii| zrAddha-jItakalpa kI racanA zrI dharmaghASa dvArA kI gyii| zrI somatilaka ne usa para vRtti kI racanA kii| 1. pAiprasidda mahaNNavo; pR0 358 /

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126 mUla--sUtra uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, prAvazyaka, piNDa - niyukti tathA - niyukti ko sAmAnyataH mUla sUtroM ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / yaha sarvasammata tathya nahIM hai / kucha vidvAn uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika tathA Avazyaka; ina tIna ko hI mUla sUtroM meM ginate haiM / ve piNDa - niyukti tathA progha-niryukti ko mUla sUtroM meM samAviSTa nahIM karate / jaisA ki pahale iMgita kiyA gayA hai, piNDaniyukti dazarvakAlika niyukti kA tathA progha niyukti Avazyakaniyukti kA aMza hai / katipaya vidvAn ukta tIna mUla sUtroM meM piNDaniyukti ko sammilita kara unakI saMkhyA cAra mAnate haiM / kucha ke anusAra, jaisA ki prArambha meM sUcita kiyA gayA hai, progha-niryukti sahita ve pAMca haiM / katipaya vidvAn uparyukta tIna meM se Avazyaka ko haTA kara tathA anuyogadvAra va nandI ko unameM sammilita kara; cAra kI saMkhyA pUrI karate haiM / kucha vidvAn pakkhiya sutta (pAkSika sUtra ) kA bhI inake sAtha nAma saMyojita karate haiM / jainagAma digdarzana mUla sUtroM meM vastutaH uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika kA jaina vAGmaya meM bahuta bar3A mahatva hai / vidvAn inhe jaina grAgama vAG maya ke prAcInatama sUtroM meM ginate haiM / bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI inakI prAcInatA akSuNNa hai / viSaya-vivecana kI apekSA se ye bahuta samRddha haiM / suttanipAta va dhammapada jaise suprasiddha bauddha-granthoM se ye tulanIya hai / jaina darzana, AcAra-vijJAna tathA tatsammata jIvana ke vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se adhyetAoM aura anveSTAoM ke lie ye grantha vizeSa rUpa se parizIlanIya haiM / mUla : nAMmakararaga kyoM ? 'mUla-sUtra' nAma kyoM aura kaba pracalita huA, kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA / prAcIna grAgama grantho meM 'mUla' yA 'mUla sUtroM' ke nAma kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai / pazcAdvartI sAhitya meM bhI sambhavataH isa nAma kA pahalA prayoga zrI bhAvadevasUri-racita 'jainadharmaM varastotra' ke tIsaveM zloka kI TIkA meM hai| vahAM "atha uttarAdhyayana-zrAvazyaka - piNDa-

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paitAlIsa zrAgama 127 niyukti-progha niyukti - dazavekAlika iti catvAri mUlasUtrANi " isa prakAra kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA vimarSa gahana adhyayana, talasparzI anusandhAna aura gaveSaNA kI dRSTi se yoropIya dezoM ke katipaya vidvAnoM ne bhAratIya vAG maya para jisa ruci aura aparitrAnta adhyavasAya va lagana ke sAtha jo kArya kiyA hai, niHsandeha, vaha stutya hai / kArya kisa sImA taka ho sakA, kitanA ho sakA, usake niSkarSa kitane upAdeya haiM; ityAdi pahalU to svatantra rUpa meM cintana aura AlocanA ke viSaya haiM, para unakA zrama, utsAha aura satata prayatnazIlatA bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke liye bhI anukaraNIya hai / jaina vAG maya tathA prAkRta bhASA ke kSetra meM jarmanI Adi pazcimI dezoM ke vidvAnoM ne adhika kArya kiyA hai / jaina Agama - sAhitya para anusandhAna-kartA vidvAnoM ke prastuta viSaya para jo bhinna-bhinna vicAra haiM, unheM yahAM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / pro0 zarpeNTiyara kA mata jarmanI ke suprasiddha prAcya- -vidyA-adhyetA pro0 zarpeNTiyara (Prof. -Charpentier) ne uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI prastAvanA meM isa mUla sUtra nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM jo likhA hai, usake anusAra inameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kucha zabdoM (Mahavira's own words ) kA saMgRhIta honA hai / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki inameM jo zabda saMkalita hue haiM, ve svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukha se niHsRta haiM / DA0 vAlTara zuciMga kA zrabhimata jaina vAG maya ke vikhyAta adhyetA jarmanI ke vidvAn DA0vAlTara briMga (Dr. Walter Schubring ) ne Lax Religion Dyaina' nAmaka ( jarmana bhASA meM likhita) pustaka meM isa sambandha meM ullekha kiyA hai ki mUla sUtra nAma isalie diyA gayA pratIta hotA hai ki sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ke sAdhanAmaya jIvana ke mUla meM - prArambha meM unake upayoga ke lie inakA sarjana huA / 1. pRSTha 76

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128 jainAgama digdarzana pro0 gerono kI kalpanA jaina zAstroM ke gahana anuzIlaka iTalI ke praphesara gerIno (Prof. Guerinot) ne isa sambandha meM eka dUsarI kalpanA kI hai| vaisA karate samaya unake mastiSka meM grantha ke do 'mala' aura 'TIkA' kA dhyAna rahA hai; ataH unhoMne mUlakA Azaya Traiteo Original se liyaa| arthAt pro0 gerIno ne mUla grantha ke artha meM mUla sUtra kA prayoga mAnA; kyoMki ina granthoM para niyukti, carNi, TIkA, vRtti prabhRti aneka prakAra kA vipula vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya racA gayA hai| TIkA yA vyAkhyA-granthoM meM usa grantha ko sarvatra 'mUla' kahA jAtA hai, jisakI ve TIkAe~ yA vyAkhyAe~ hotI haiM / jaina Agama vAGmaya-sambandhI granthoM meM uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika para atyadhika TIkA-vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya racA gayA hai, jinameM pro0 gerIno ke anusAra TIkAkAroM ne mUla grantha ke artha meM 'mUla sUtra' kA prayoga kiyA ho / usI paripATI kA sambhavataH yaha pariNAma rahA ho ki inheM mUla sUtra kahane kI paramparA prArambha ho gaI ho| samIkSA pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne jo kalpanAe~ kI haiM, unake pIche kisI apekSA kA AdhAra hai, para, samIkSA kI kasauTI para kasane para ve sarvAzataH kharI nahIM utrtiiN| pro0 zarpaNTiyara ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM ke sAtha inheM jor3ate hue jo samAdhAna upasthita kiyA, use uttarAdhyayana ke lie to eka apekSA se saMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai, para, dazavaikAlika Adi ke sAtha usakI bilakula saMgati nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mUla yA sAkSAt vacanoM ke AdhAra para yadi mUla sUtra nAma par3atA, to yaha prAcArAMga, satrakRtAMga jaise mahatvapUrNa aMga granthoM ke sAtha bhI jur3atA, jinakA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanA ke sAtha (gaNadharoM ke mAdhyama se) sIdhA sambandha mAnA jAtA hai| para vahA~ aisA nahI hai; ataH isa kalpanA meM vihita mUla zabda kA vaha prAzaya yathAvat rUpa meM ghaTita nahIM hotaa| DA. vAlTara zubiMga ne zramaNa-jIvana ke prArambha meM-mUla meM pAlanIya prAcAra-sambandhI niyamoM. paramparAoM evaM vidhi-vidhAnoM ke

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paitAlIsa prAgama 126 ke zikSaNa kI dRSTi se mUla-sUtra nAma diye jAne kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai, vaha bhI mUla-sUtroM ke antargata mAne jAne vAle saba granthoM para kahAM ghaTatA hai ? dazavaikAlika kI to lagabhaga vaisI sthiti hai, para, anyatra bahulAMzatayA vaisA nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana meM, jo mUla-sUtroM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai, zramaNa-caryA se sambaddha niyamopaniyamoM tathA vidhi-vidhAnoM ke atirikta usameM jaina-dharma aura darzana-sambandhI aneka viSaya vyAkhyAta kiye gaye haiM / aneka dRSTAnta, kathAnaka tathA aitihAsika ghaTanA-krama bhI upasthita kiye gaye haiM, jo zramaNa-saMskRti aura jaina tattva-dhArA ke vividha pahaluoM se jur3e hue haiM; isalie DA. vAlTara zubriga ke samAdhAna ko bhI ekAMgI cintana se adhika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mUla-sUtroM meM jo sannihita hai, zubiMga kI vyAkhyA meM vaha sampUrNatayA antarbhUta nahIM hotA / ___ iTAliyana vidvAn pro. gerIno ne mUla aura TIkA ke AdhAra para mUla-sUtra nAma par3ane kI kalpanA kI hai, vaha bahuta sthUla tathA bahirgAmI cintana para AdhRta hai| usameM sUkSma gaveSaNA yA gahana vimarSa kI dRSTi pratIta nahIM hotii| mUla-sUtroM ke atirikta anya sUtroM para bhI aneka TIkAe~ haiM / pariNAma kI nyUnatA-adhikatA ho sakatI hai| usase koI vizeSa phalita niSpanna nahIM hotA; ataH isa vizleSaNa kI anupAdeyatA spaSTa hai| uparyukta UhApoha ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina darzana, dharma, prAcAra evaM jIvana ke mUlabhUta AdarzoM, siddhAntoM yA tathyoM kA vizleSaNa apane Apa meM saheje rakhane ke kAraNa sambhavataH ye mala-sUtra kahe jAne lage hoN| mukhyataH uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika kI viSaya-vastu para yadi dRSTipAta kiyA jAe, to yaha spaSTa pratibhAsita hogaa| 1. uttarajjhayaNa (uttarAdhyayana) nAma : vizleSaNa uttarAdhyayana zAbdika dRSTi se uttara aura adhyayana; ina do zabdoM kI samanviti se banA hai| uttara zabda kA eka artha pazcAt yA

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130 jainAgama digdarzana pazcAdvartI hai / dUsarA artha utkRSTa yA zreSTha hai / isakA artha prazna kA samAdhAna yA uttara to hai hii| pazcAdvartI artha ke AdhAra para uttarAdhyayana kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI jAtI hai ki isakA adhyayana prAcArAMga ke uttara-kAla meM hotA thaa| zratakevalI prAcArya zayyambhava ke anantara isake adhyayana kI kAlika paramparA meM antara AyA / yaha dazavakAlika ke uttara-kAla meM par3hA jAne lgaa| para, 'uttarAdhyayana' saMjJA meM koI parivartana karanA apekSita nahIM humA; kyoMki donoM hI sthAnoM para pazcAdavartitA kA abhiprAya sadRza hI hai / uttara zabda kA utkRSTa yA zreSTha artha karane ke AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne isa zabda kI yaha vyAkhyA ko ki jaina zruta kA asAdhAraNa rUpa meM utkRSTa evaM zreSTha vivecana hai; ataH isakA uttarAdhyayana abhidhAna anvarthaka hai| pro0 lyumaina (Prof. Leuman) ne uttara aura adhyayana zabdoM kA sIdhA artha pakar3ate hue adhyayana kA prAzaya Later Readings arthAt pazcAt yA pIche race hue adhyayana kiyaa| pro. lyumaina ke anusAra ina adhyayanoM kI yA isa pAgama ko racanA aMga-granthoM ke pazcAt yA uttara kAla meM huI; ataeva yaha uttarAdhyayana ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAne lgaa| kalpasUtra tathA TIkA-granthoM meM ullekha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane antima samaya meM apRSTa-anapUche chattIsa praznoM ke saMdarbha meM vizleSaNa-vivecana kiyaa| isa AdhAra para una adhyayanoM kA saMkalana 'apRSTa-vyAkaraNa' nAma se abhihita huA / uso kA nAma apRSTa praznoM kA uttara-rUpa hone ke kAraNa uttarAdhyayana ho gyaa| 'apRSTa-vyAkaraNa'kI carcA prAcArya hemacandra ne apane triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita mahAkAvya' meM bhI kI hai| 1. SaTtriMzattamApraznavyAkaraNAnyabhidhAya ca / pradhAnaM nAmAdhyayanaM jagadgururabhASayat // --parva 10, sarga 13, zlo0 224

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paitAlIsa mAgama vimarSa . kalpasUtrakAra tathA TIkAkAroM dvArA diyA gayA samAdhAna tathA pro. lyumaina dvArA kiyA gayA vivecana; donoM paraspara bhinna haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne binA pUche chattIsa praznoM ke uttara diye, unakA saMkalana huaA -uttarAdhyayana ke astitva meM Ane ke sambandha meM yaha kalpanA paramparA-puSTa hote hue bhI utanI hRd-grAhya pratIta nahIM hotii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apRSTa praznoM ke uttara diye, isake sthAna para yaha bhASA kyA adhika saMgata nahIM pratIta hotI ki unhoMne antima samaya meM kucha dhArmika upadeza, vicAra yA sandeza diye| phira vahAM uttara zabda bhI na A kara 'vyAkaraNa' zabda AyA hai, jisakA artha-vizleSaNa hai| yadi antima ke artha meM uttara zabda kA prayoga mAno jAtA, to phira kucha saMgati hotii| para, javAba ke artha meM uttara zabda kA yahAM grahaNa uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke svarUpa ke sAtha sambhavataH utanA mela nahIM khAtA jitanA honA caahie| uttarAdhyayana meM dRSTAnta haiM, kathAnaka haiM, ghaTanAkrama haiM-yaha saba uttara zabda ke abhiprAya meM antarbhUta ho jAe~, kama saMgata pratIta hotA hai / sAhityika dRSTi se bhI uttara zabda vastutaH prazna-sApekSa hai| prazna ke binA jo kucha bhI kahA jAe, vaha vyAkhyAna, vivecana, vizleSaNa, nirUpaNa Adi saba ho sakatA hai, para, use uttara kaise kahA jAe? niyuktikAra ne uttarAdhyayana kI racanA ke sambandha meM jo likhA hai, usase yahI tathya bAdhita hai| pro0 lyumaina ne jo kahA hai usakI tArkika asaMgati nahIM hai / bhASAzAstriyoM ne jo parizIlana kiyA hai, usake anusAra uttarAdhyayana kI bhASA prAcIna hai, para, usase pro0 lyumaina kA kathana khaNDita nahIM hotaa| unhoMne isakI vizeSa arvAcInatA to sthApita kI nahIM hai, ise aMgagranthoM se pazcAdvI batAyA hai| vaisA karane meM koI asambhAvanA pratIta nahIM hotii| eka prazna aura uThatA hai, aMga-granthoM ke pazcAdvartI to aneka grantha haiM, pazcAdvartitA yA uttaravartitA ke kAraNa kevala ise hI uttarA. dhyayana kyoM kahA gayA ? isa sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha aMga granthoM ke samakakSa mahatva liye hue hai| racanA, viSaya-vastu, vizleSaNa

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132 janAgama digdarzana Adi kI dRSTi se unhIM kI koTi kA hai; ataH ise hI vizeSa rUpa se isa abhidhA se saMzita kiyA gayA hai , yaha bhI eka anumAna hai| usase adhika koI Thosa tathya isase prakaTa nahIM hotaa| saMkSepa meM vizAla jaina tattva-jJAna tathA prAcAra-zAstra ko vyakta karane meM Agama-vAGamaya meM isakA asAdhAraNa sthAna hai| bhagavadgItA jisa prakAra samagra vaidika dharma kA niSkarSa yA navanIta hai, jaina dharma ke sandarbha meM uttarAdhyayana kI bhI vahI sthiti hai| kAvyAtmaka hRdayasparzI zailo, lalita evaM pezala saMvAda, sAtha hI sAtha svabhAvataH sAlaMkAra bhASA prabhRti isako aneka vizeSatAe~ hai, jisane samIkSaka tathA anusandhitsu vidvAnoM ko bahuta AkRSTa kiyA hai| DA0 viNTaranitja ne ise zramaNakAvya ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai tathA mahAbhArata, suttanipAta, dhammapada Adi ke sAtha isakI tulanA kI hai| uttarAdhyayana kA mahatva kevala ina zatAbdiyoM meM hI nahIM ubharA hai, pratyuta bahuta pahale se svIkAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai| niyuktikAra ne tIna gAthAe~ ullikhita karate hue isake mahatva kA upapAdana kiyA hai: "jo jIva bhavasiddhika haiM-bhavya haiM, parittasaMsArI haiM, ve uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayana par3hate haiN| jo jIva abhavasiddhika haiM-abhavya haiM, granthika satva haiM-jinakA granthi-bheda nahIM huA hai, jo ananta saMsArI haiM, saMkliSTakarmA haiM, ve uttarAdhyayana par3hane ke ayogya haiN| isalie (sAdhaka ko) jinaprajJapta, zabda aura artha ke ananta paryAyoM se saMyukta isa sUtra ko yathAvidhi (upadhAna Adi tapa dvArA) gurujanoM ke anugraha se adhyayana karanA caahiye|" 1. je kira bhavasiddhiyA, parittasaMsArimA ya bhavimA ya / te kira paMr3hati dhIrA, chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNe // 1 je huMti prabhavasiddhiyA, gaMthimasattA prnnNtsNsaaraa| te saMkiliTThakammA, prabhaviyA uttarajjhAe // 2 tamhA jiNapaNNatte, prapaMtagamapajjavehi sNjutte| prajjhAe jahAjogaM, gurupasAyA prasijjhijjA // 3

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133 paiMtAlIsa prAgama uttarAdhyayana sUtra chattIsa adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai / samavAyAMga sUtra ke chattIsaveM samavAya meM uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayanoM ke zIrSakoM kA ullekha hai, jo uttarAdhyayana meM prApta adhyayanoM ke nAmoM se milate haiM / uttarAdhyayana ke jIvAjIvavibhakti saMjJaka chattIsaveM adhyayana ke anta meM agrAMkita zabdoM meM isa ora saMketa hai: "bhavasiddhika jIvoM ke liye sammata uttarAdhyayana ka e chattIsa adhyayana prAdurbhUta kara jJAtaputra sarvajJa bhagavAn mahAvIra parinivRta mukta ho gaye / " " uttarAdhyayana ke nAma sambandhI vizleSaNa ke prasaMga meM yaha carcita huA hI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane anta samaya meM ina chattIsa adhyayanoM kA vyAkhyAna kiyA / niyuktikAra kA zrabhimata niyuktikAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA abhimata uparyukta pAramparika mAnyatA ke pratikUla hai / unhoMne isa sambandha meM niyukti meM likhA hai: "uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana aMga-prabhava haiM, kucha jinabhASita haiM, kucha pratyekabuddhoM dvArA nirdezita haiM, kucha saMvAda- prasUta haiM / isa prakAra bandhana se chUTane kA mArga batAne ke hetu usake chattIsa adhyayana nirmita hue / " " cUrNikAra zrI jinadAsa mahattara aura bRhadvRttikAra vAdivaitAla zrI zAntisUri ne niyuktikAra ke mata ko svIkAra kiyA hai / unake anusAra uttarAdhyayana ke dUsare pariSahAdhyayana kI racanA dvAdazAMgI ke bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ke karmapravAdasaMjJaka pUrva ke 70 veM prAbhRta ke AdhAra para huI hai / aSTama kApilIya adhyayana kapila nAmaka pratyeka 1. iha pAukare buddha gAyaye pariNivvae / chattIsaM uttarajjhAe, bhavasiddhiya sammae // 2. jaina - paramparA meM aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki dIpAvalI kI antima rAtri meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina chattIsa adhyayanoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA / 3. gappabhavA jiraNabhAsiyA ya patte yabuddhasaMvAyA / vaMdhe mukyA kayA, chattIsaM uttarajbhayaraNA / / - niyukti, gAthA 4

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134 jainAgama digdarzana buddha dvArA pratipAdita hai / dazavAM dra mapuSpikA adhyayana svayaM arhat mahAvIra dvArA bhASita hai / teIsavA~ kezi - gautamIya adhyayana saMvAdarUpa meM Akalita hai / 'bhadrabAhunA proktAni' kA abhiprAya - isa " bhadrabAhunA proktAni bhAdrabAhvAni uttarAdhyayanAni prakAra kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai, jisase kucha vidvAn socate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana ke racayitA prAcArya bhadrabAhu haiM / sabase pahale vicAraNIya yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayana kI niyukti ke lekhaka bhadrabAhu haiM / jaisA ki pUrva sUcita kiyA gayA hai, ve uttarAdhyayana kI racanA meM aMgaprabhavatA jina bhASitatA, pratyekabuddha pratipAditatA, saMvAda- niSpannatA Adi kaI prakAra ke upapAdaka hetutroM kA prAkhyAna karate haiM / uparyukta kathana se 'bhadrabAhunA' ke sAtha 'proktAni' kriyA- pada prayukta huA hai| proktAni kA artha 'racitAni' nahIM hotA / prakarSeNa uktAni - proktAni ke anusAra usakA artha vizeSa rUpa se vyAkhyAta, vivecita yA adhyApita hotA hai / zAkaTAyana' aura siddha haimazabdAnuzAsana Adi vyAkaraNoM meM yahI Azaya spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isa vivecana ke anusAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu uttarAdhyayana ke prakRSTa vyAkhyAtA, pravaktA yA prAdhyApayitA ho sakate haiM, racayitA nahIM / kucha vidvAn aisA mAnate haiM, uttarAdhyayana ke pUrvArddha ke aThAraha adhyayana prAcIna haiM tathA uttarArddha ke aThAraha adhyayana arvAcIna / isake lie bhI koI pramANa-bhUta yA itthaMbhUta bheda - rekhA - mUlaka tathya yA Thosa AdhAra nahIM milate | vimarSa : samIkSA samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se cintana kareM, to yaha samagra Agama bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA hI bhASita huA ho yA kisI eka vyakti ne isakI 1. TaH prokte 3 / 1 / 66 2. tena prokte 6 / 3 / 18 " zAkaTAyana - siddha hai mazabdAnuzAsanam

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"pa tAlIsa pAgama 135 racanA kI ho, aisA kama sambhava pratIta hotA hai / kAraNa spaSTa hai, yahAM sarvatra eka jaisI bhASA kA prayoga nahIM huaA hai| arddhamAgadhI prAkRta kA jahAM atyanta prAcIna rUpa isameM surakSita hai, vahAM yatra-tatra bhASA ke arvAcIna rUpAtmaka prayoga bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / isase yaha anumAna karanA sahaja ho jAtA hai ki isa pAgama kI racanA eka hI samaya meM nahIM haI / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki samaya-samaya para isameM kucha jur3atA rahA hai| isa prakAra saMkalita hotA huA yaha eka paripUrNa aAgama ke rUpa meM astitva meM AtA hai / para, aisA kaba-kaba hugrA, kina-kina ke dvArA hayA, isa viSaya meM abhI koI bhI akATya pramANa upasthita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sAra rUpa meM isa prakAra kahanA yuktiyukta lagatA hai ki isakI racanA meM aneka tattva-jJAniyoM aura mahApuruSoM kA yogadAna hai, jo sambhavataH kisI eka hI kAla ke nahIM the| viSaya-vastu jIvana kI AvazyakatA, duSTa karmoM ke dUSita pariNAma, ajJAnI kA dhyeya-zUnya jIvana, bhogAsakti kA kaluSita vipAka, bhogIkI bakare ke sAtha tulanA, adhama gati meM jAne vAle jIva ke viziSTa lakSaNa, mAnava-jIvana kI durlabhatA, dharma-zruti,zraddhA, saMyamonmukhatA kA mahatva, gahI sAdhaka kI yogyatA, saMyama kA svarUpa, sadAcAra-sampanna vyakti kI gati, deva-gati ke sukha, jJAnI evaM ajJAnI ke lakSaNa, jJAna kA sundara pariNAma, jAtivAda kI heyatA, jAtivAda kA duSpariNAma, Adarza bhikSu, brahmacarya samAdhi ke sthAna, pApI zramaNa, zramaNa-jIvana ko dUSita karane vAle sUkSma doSa, pATha prakAra kI pravacana-mAtAe~, saccA yajJa, yAjaka, yajJAgni Adi kA svarUpa, sAdhanA-nirata bhikSu kI dinacaryA, samyaktva-parAkrama kA svarUpa, Atma-vikAsa kA patha, tapazcaryA ke bhinnabhinna prayoga, caraNa-vidhi-grAhya, pariheya, upekSya prAdi kA viveka, pramAda-sthAna-tRSNA, moha, krodha, rAga, dveSa, Adi kA mUla, karmavistAra, lezyA, anAsaktatA, loka padArtha, niSphala mRtyu, saphala mRtyu prabhRti aneka viSayoM kA vibhinna adhyayanoM meM bar3A mArmika evaM talasparzI vyAkhyAna-vizleSaNa huA hai /

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136 jainAgama digdarzana daSTAnta : kathAnaka dUsarA mahatvapUrNa aMga hai, isakA rUpaka, dRSTAnta va kathAnakabhAga / inake mAdhyama se tattva-jJAna aura prAcAra-dharma kA vizada vivecana huaA hai, jisakA aneka dRSTiyoM se bar3A mahatva hai| paccIsavAM adhyayana isakA udAharaNa hai, jahAM adhyAtma-yajJa, usake aMgoMpAMgoM evaM upakaraNoM kA hRdayasparzI vivecana hai| isa prakAra ke aneka prakaraNa haiM, jahAM upamAoM tathA rUpakoM kA aisA sundara aura sahaja sanniveza hai ki vivecya viSaya sAkSAt upasthita ho jAtA hai / navama adhyayana meM indra aura rAjarSi nami kA prakaraNa anAsakta titikSu evaM mumukSu jIvana kA eka sajIva tathA asAdhAraNa citra prastuta karatA hai| bArahavAM harikezIya adhyayana uttarAdhyayana kA eka krAntikArI adhyAya hai, jahAM cANDAla-kulotpanna muni harikezabala ke tapaH-prabhAva aura sAdhanAnirata jIvana kI garimA itanI utkRSTatayA upasthita hai ki, jAti, kUla prAdi kA mada, dambha aura ahaMkAra svayameva nisteja tathA nistathya ho jAte haiN| bAIsavAM rathanemIya adhyayana prAtma-parAkrama, brahma-proja jAgRta karane kI pUrakatA ke sAtha-sAtha aneka dRSTiyoM se bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kI jIvana jhAMkI, unake dvArA laukika eSaNA aura kAmanA kA parityAga, zramaNa rathanemi kA antadauMbalya, vAsanA kA ubhAra, rAjImatI dvArA udbodhana prabhRti aise romAMcaka prasaMga haiM, jinakI bhAvanA aura prajJA; donoM ke prakarSa kI dRSTi se kama garimA nahIM hai| teIsavAM kezi-gautamIya adhyayana hai, jo bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA ke zramaNa mahAmuni kezI tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ananya antevAsI gaNadhara gautama ke paraspara milana, praznottara--saMvAda Adi bahumUlya sAmagrI liye hue hai| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA cauvIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA meM kisa prakAra samanvita rUpa meM vilIna hotI jA rahI thI, prastuta adhyayana isakA jvalanta sAkSya hai| cAturyAma dharma aora paMca mahAvratoM ke tulanAtmaka parizIlana kI dRSTi se bhI yaha adhyayana paThanIya hai /

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paMtAlIsa mAgama vyAkhyA sAhitya uttarAdhyayana sUtra para vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya vipula parimANa meM vidyamAna hai / prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa para niyukti likhii| zrI jinadAsa mahattara ne cUNi kI racanA kii| thArApadra-gaccha se sambaddha vAdivaitAla virudAlaMkRta zrI zAntisUri ne 'pAI' yA 'ziSyahitA' nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI, jo uttarAdhyayana-bRhada-vRtti bhI kahalAtI hai| zrI zAntisUri kA svargavAsa-kAla I0 san 1040 mAnA jAtA hai| isa TIkA ke AdhAra para, zrI devendra gaNI ne, jo Age cala kara zrI nemicaMdra sUri ke nAma se vikhyAta hue, 'sukhabodhA' nAmaka TIkA likhI, jo san 1073 meM samApta huii| uttarAdhyayana para TIkAeM likhane vAle aneka jaina vidvAn haiM, jinameM lakSmIvallabha, jayakIrti, kamalasaMyama, bhAvavijaya, vinayahaMsa tathA harSakula prAdi ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI isa para kArya kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha pro0 zanTiyara ne mUla pATha aMgrejI prastAvanA sahita prastuta kiyA hai| prAgama-vAGamaya ke vikhyAta anveSaka DA0 jaikobI ne aMgrejI meM anavAda kiyA, jo pro0 maiksamUlara ke sampAdakatva meM Sacred books of the East. ke paiMtAlIsaveM bhAga meM prAksaphorDa se san 1865 meM prakAzita huaa| 2. prAvassaya (mAvazyaka) nAma : sArthakatA ___ avazya se Avazyaka zabda banA hai / avazya kA artha hai, jise kiye binA bacAva nahIM, jo jarUra kiyA jAnA caahie| isake anusAra Avazyaka kA Azaya zramaNa dvArA karaNIya una bhAva-kriyAnuSThAnoM se hai, jo zramaNa-jIvana ke nirbAdha tathA zuddha nirvahaNa kI dRSTi se pAvazyaka veM hai / kriyAnuSThAna saMkhyA meM chaH haiM; ataH isa sUtra ko SaDAvazyaka bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha chaH vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai,

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jainAgama digdarzana jisameM kramazaH sAmAyika, caturviMzati-stava, vandana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna kA varNana hai| sAmAyika antaratama meM samabhAva kI avatAraNA sAmAyika hai| etadartha sAdhaka mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika dRSTi se, kRta, kArita evaM anumodita rUpa se samagra sAvadya-sapApa yogoM-pravRttiyoM se parAGa mukha rahane kA prathama Avazyaka meM varNana hai| catuviMzati-stava dvitIya Avazyaka meM loka meM dharma kA udyota karane vAle cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana hai, jisase AtmA meM tadanurUpa divya bhAva kA udreka hotA hai| vandana tIsarA Avazyaka vandana se sambaddha hai| ziSya guru-caraNoM meM 'sthita hotA hai, unase kSamA yAcanA karatA hai, unake saMyamopakaraNabhUta deha kI sukha-pRcchA karatA hai| pratikramaNa ____ cauthe Avazyaka meM pratikramaNa kA vivecana hai| pratikramaNa kA artha bahirgAmI jIvana se antargAmI jIvana meM pratyAvRtta honA hai arthAt sAdhaka yadi pramAdavaza zubha yoga se calita hokara azubha yoga ko prApta ho jAe, to vaha punaH zubha yoga meM saMsthita hotA hai| yadi usake dvArA jJAta-ajJAta rUpa meM zramaNa-dharma kI virAdhanA huI ho, kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cAyA gayA ho, svAdhyAya Adi meM pramAdAcaraNa huaA ho, to vaha . (pratikramaNa karane vAlA sAdhaka) unake liye 'micchAmi dukkar3a -mithyA me duSkRtam-aisI bhAvanA se udbhAvita hotA hai, jisakA abhiprAya jIvana ko saMyamAnukUla, pavitra aura sAtvika bhAvanA se prApyAyita banAye rakhanA hai|

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paitAlIsa bhAgama kAyotsarga pAMcavA~ prAvazyaka kAyotsarga se sambaddha hai| kAyotsarga kA Azaya hai-deha-bhAva kA visarjana aura Atma-bhAva kA srjn| yaha dhyAnAtmaka sthiti hai, jisameM sAdhaka daihika cAMcalya aura asthairya kA varjana kara nizcalatA meM sthita rahanA cAhatA hai| pratyAkhyAna chaThe Avazyaka meM sAvadya-sapApa kAryoM se nivRttatA tathA prazana, pAna, khAdya, svAdya Adi ke pratyAkhyAna kI carcA hai / vyAkhyA-sAhitya AcArya bhadrabAhu ne Avazyaka para niyukti kI racanA kii| isa para bhASya bhI racA gyaa| AcArya jinabhadra gaNI kSamAzramaNa dvArA atyanta vistAra aura gambhIratA ke sAtha "vizeSAvazyaka bhASya" kI racanA kI gayI, jo jaina sAhitya meM niHsandeha eka adbhuta kRti hai| zrI jinadAsa mahattara ne cUNi kI racanA kii| prAcArya haribhadrasUri ne isa para TIkA likhI, jo 'ziSyahitA ke nAma se vizruta hai| isameM Avazyaka ke chaH prakaraNoM kA paiMtIsa adhyayanoM meM sUkSmatayA vivecana-vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| vahAM prAsaMgika rUpa meM prAkRta kI aneka prAcIna kathAeM bhI dI gayI haiN| prAcArya malayagiri ne bhI TIkA kI racanA kii| zrI mANikyazekharasUri dvArA isakI niyukti para dIpikA kI racanA kI gyii| zrI tilakAcArya dvArA isa para laghuvRtti kI racanA huii| 3. dasaveyAliya (dazavakAlika) nAma : anvarthakatA daza aura vaikAlika; ina do zabdoM ke yoga se nAma kI niSpatti huI hai| sAmAnyataH daza zabda daza adhyayanoM kA sUcaka hai aura vaikAlika kA sambandha racanA, ni_haNa yA upadeza se hai / vikAla kA artha sandhyA hai| vaikAlika vikAla kA vizleSaNa hai| aisA mAnA jAtA

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140 jainAgamA: vigdarzana hai ki sandhyA samaya meM adhyayana kiye jAne ke kAraNa yaha nAma pracalita huaa| aisI bhI mAnyatA hai ki daza vikAloM yA sandhyAoM meM racanA, niryU haNa yA upadeza kiyA gayA / ataH yaha darzavekAlika kahA jAne lagA / isake racanAkAra yA niyU haka prAcArya zayyambhava the, jinhoMne apane putra bAla muni manaka ke lie isakI racanA kii| aMgabAhyagata utkAlika sUtroM meM dazavaikAlika kA prathama sthAna hai / daza adhyayanoM tathA do cUlikAoM meM yaha sUtra vibhakta hai / daza adhyayana saMkalanAtmaka haiM / cUlikAeM svatantra racanA pratIta hotI haiM / cUlikAoM ke race jAne ke sambandha meM do prakAra ke vicAra haiM / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra ve prAcArya zayyambhava kRta hI honI cAhie / itanA sambhAvita ho sakatA hai, cUlikAoM kI racanA daza adhyayanoM ke pazcAt huI ho / sUtra aura cUlikAoM kI bhASA itanI visadRza nahIM hai ki usase do bhinna racayitAoM kA sUcana ho / kucha vidvAn isa mata ko svIkAra nahIM karate / unake anusAra cUlikAe~ kisI anya lekhaka kI racanAe~ haiM, jo daza adhyayanoM ke sAtha jor3a dI gayIM / saMkalana : prAdhAra : pUrva zruta AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA niyukti meM kiye gaye ullekha ke anusAra dazakAlika ke caturtha adhyayana kA AdhAra Atma-pravAda- pUrva, paMcama adhyayana kA AdhAra prAtma-pravAda pUrva, saptama adhyayana kA AdhAra satyapravAda - pUrvaM tathA anya adhyayanoM kA AdhAra pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtIya vastu hai / dUsarA zrAdhAra : anya zrAgama zrutakevalI prAcArya zayyambhava ne anekAneka AgamoM kA dohana kara sAra rUpa meM dazavaikAlika ko saMgrathita kiyA / dazavaikAlika meM varNita viSayoM kA yadi sUkSmatA se parIkSaNa kiyA jAe, to pratIta hogA ki, ve vividha prAgama-granthoM se bahuta nikaTatayA saMlagna haiM / dazabaikAlika ke dUsare adhyayana kA zIrSaka ' zrAmaNyapUrvaka' hai / usameM

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paMtAlIsa pAgama 241 zramaNa ko kAmarAga yA viSaya-vAsanA se bacate rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / usa sandarbha meM rathanemi aura rAjImatI kA prasaMga bhI saMkSepa meM saMketita hai / yaha adhyayana uttarAdhyayana ke bAIsaveM 'rathanemi' adhya-yana ke bahuta nikaTa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rathanemi praura rAjImatI kA itivRtta apekSAkRta vistAra se varNita hai, para, donoM kI mUla dhvani eka hI hai| caturtha adhyayana kA zIrSaka 'SaDjIvanikAya' hai| isameM SaTkAyika jIvoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana karane ke uparAnta unakI hiMsA ke pratyAkhyAna kA pratipAdana hai| isase saMlagna prathama ahiMsA mahAvrata kA vivecana hai| tadanantara pAMca mahAvratoM kA varNana hai / prArambha-samArambha se pApa-bandha kA pratipAdana karate hue usase nivRtta hone kA sundara citraNa hai| yaha adhyayana prAcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zra taskandha ke pandrahaveM adhyayana ke uttarAddha se tulanIya hai| isa adhyayana ke pUrva bhAga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana-vRtta vistAra se ullikhita hai tathA uttara bhAga meM mahAvIra dvArA gautama Adi nirgranthoM ko upadiSTa kiye gaye pAMca mahAvratoM tathA pRthvIkAya prabhRti SaD-jIvanikAya kA vizleSaNa hai| dazavakAlika ke caturtha adhyayana kI sAmagrI kA saMkalana AcArAMga ke isI adhyayana se huA ho, aisA sambhAvya pratIta hotA hai| paMcama adhyayana kA zIrSaka 'piNDaiSaNA' hai| isameM zramaNa kI bhikSA-caryA ke sandarbha meM sabhI pahaluoM se bar3A sundara prakAza DAlA gayA hai / bhikSA ke liye kisa prakAra jAnA, nahIM jAnA, kisa-kisa sthiti meM bhikSA lenA, kisa-kisa meM nahIM lenA; ityAdi kA samIcIna vizada rUpa meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa adhyayana kI viSaya-vastu prAcArAMga ke dvitIya zrata-skandha ke prathama adhyayana se prAkalita pratIta hotI hai| usakI saMjJA bhI 'piNDaSaNA' hI hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kA zIrSaka 'vAkya-zuddhi' hai| isameM zramaNa ke dvArA kisa prakAra kI bhASA prayojya hai, kisa prakAra kI ayojya; isa varNana ke sAtha saMyamI ke vinaya aura pavitratA-pUrNa prAcAra para prakAza

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jainAgama digdarzana DAlA gayA hai| jisa-jisa prakAra ke bhASA-prayoga aura vyavahAra-caryA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha zramaNa ke anAsakta, nilipta, amUcchita, jAgarUka tathA Atma-lIna jIvana ke vikAsa se sambaddha hai| prAcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke caturtha adhyayana kA nAma 'bhASAjAta' hai| usameM sAdhu dvArA prayoga karane yogya, na karane yogya bhASA kA vizleSaNa hai / dazavakAlika ke ukta adhyayana, meM kisI apekSA se isakI avatAraNA huI ho, aisA anumeya hai| . 'vinaya-samAdhi' navama adhyayana hai| isameM guru ke prati ziSya kA vyavahAra sadA vinaya-pUrNa rahe, isa para sundara rUpa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vinaya-pUrNa vyavahAra ke sulAbha aura avinaya-pUrNa vyavahAra ke durlAbha hRdya upamAoM dvArA varNita kiye gaye haiM / yaha adhyayana uttarA-- dhyayana ke prathama adhyayana 'vinaya-zruta' se vizeSa milatA-julatA hai, jahAM guru ke prati ziSya ke vinayAcaraNa kI upAdeyatA aura avinayAcaraNa kI vaya'tA kA vivecana hai| - dazama adhyayana kA zIrSaka 'sa bhikSuH' hai| arthAt isa adhyayana meM bhikSa ke jIvana, usakI dainandina caryA, vyavahAra, saMyamAnuprANita adhyavasAya, prAsakti-varjana, alolupatA Adi kA sajIva citraNa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM bhikSu ke yathArtha rUpa kA eka rekhAMkana hai, jo sAdhaka ke liye bar3A utpreraka hai| uttarAdhyayana kA pandrahavAM adhyayana bhI isI prakAra kA hai| usakA zIrSaka bhI yahI hai| donoM kA bahuta sAmya hai| bhAva hI nahIM, zabda-racanA tathA chanda-gaThana meM bhI aneka sthAnoM para ekarUpatA hai / aisA anumAna karanA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai ki dazavai-- kAlika kA dazavAM adhyayana uttarAdhyayana kA pandrahaveM adhyayana kA bahuta kucha rUpAntaraNa hai| cUlikAe~ rati-vAkyA ., dazama adhyayana kI samApti anantara prastuta sUtra meM do cUlikAe~ haiN| pahalI cUlikA 'rati-vAkyA' hai| adhyAtma-rasa meM page vyaktiyoM

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"paitAlIsa mAgama 143 ke lie bhikSu-jIvana atyanta pAlAdamaya hai| para, bhautika dRSTi se usameM aneka kaThinAiyAM haiM, pada-pada para asuvidhAe~ haiN| kSaNa-kSaNa pratikUlatAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai / daihika bhoga agrAhya haiM hii| ye saba prasaMga aise haiM, jisake kAraNa kabhI-kabhI mAnava-mana meM durbalatA ubharane lagatI hai| yadi kabhI koI bhikSu aisI manaHsthiti meM A jAe~, to use saMyama meM TikAye rakhane ke lie, usameM punaH iMr3ha manobala jagAne ke lie use jo antaH-preraka tathA udbodhaka vicAra diye jAne cAhie, vahI saba prastuta cUlikA meM vivecita hai| sAMsArika jIvana kI duHkhamayatA, viSamatA, bhogoM kI niHsAratA, alpakAlikatA, pariNAma-virasatA, anityatA, saMyamI jIvana kI sAramayatA, pavitratA, AdeyatA Adi vibhinna pahaluoM para vizada-prakAza DAlA gayA hai tathA mAnava meM prANapaNa se dharma kA pratipAlana karane kA bhAva bharA gayA hai| vaiSayika bhoga, vAsanA, laukika suvidhA aura daihika sukha se AkRSTa hote mAnava ko unase haTA Atma-ramaNa, saMyamAnupAlana tathA titikSAmaya jIvana meM punaH pratyAvRtta karane meM bar3I manovaijJAnika nirUpaNa zailI kA vyavahAra huA hai, jo rocaka hone ke sAtha zakti-saMcAraka bhI hai| saMyama meM rati-anurAga-tanmayatA utpanna karane vAle vAkyoM kI saMracanA hone ke kAraNa hI sambhavataH isa cUlikA kA nAma 'rati vAkyA' rakhA gayA ho| viviktacaryA dUsarI cUlikA viviktacaryA hai| vivikta kA artha niyukta, pRthak, nivRtta, ekAkI, ekAnta sthAna yA vivekazIla hai| isakA Azaya usa jIvana se hai, jo sAMsArikatA se pRthak hai / dUsare zabdoM meM nivRtta hai; ataeva vivekazIla hai| isa cUlikA meM zramaNa jIvana ko uddiSTa kara anusrota meM na baha pratisrotagAmI banane, prAcAra-pAlana meM parAkramazIla rahane, alpa-sImita upakaraNa rakhane, gRhastha se vaiyAvRtya-zArIrika sevA na lene, saba indriyoM ko susamAhita kara saMyama-jIvana ko sadA surakSita banAye rakhane Adi ke sandarbha meM aneka aise utlekha kiye gaye haiM, jinakA anusaraNa karatA humA bhikSu pratibuddhajIvI banatA hai|

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jainAgama digdarzana vizeSatA : mahattva . ati saMkSepa meM jaina-tattva darzana evaM AcAra-zAstra vyAkhyAta karane kI apanI asAdhAraNa vizeSatA ke sAtha-sAtha zabda-racanA, zailI tathA bhASA-zAstra kI dRSTi se bhI isa sUtra kA kama mahatva nahIM hai| isameM prayukta bhASA ke aneka prayoga ati prAcIna pratIta hote haiM, jo prAcArAMga tathA sUtrakRtA~ga jaise prAcInatama Agama-granthoM meM hue bhASA-prayogoM se tulanIya haiN| utarAdhyayana meM hue bhASA ke prAcInatA-dyotaka prayogoM ke samakakSa isameM bhI usI prakAra ke aneka prayoga prApta hote haiM / yaha arddhamAgadhI bhASA-vijJAna se sambaddha eka svatantra viSaya hai, jisa para vizeSa carcA karanA prasaMgopAta nahIM hai / prAkRta ke suprasiddha adhyetA evaM vaiyAkaraNI DA. pizala ne utarAdhyayana tathA dazavakAlika ko prAkRta ke bhASA-zAstrIya adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa batalAyA hai| vyAkhyA-sAhitya dazavakAlika sUtra para prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne niyukti kI racanA kii| zrI agastyasiMha tathA zrI jinadAsa mahattara dvArA cUrNiyAM likhI gyiiN| prAcArya haribhadrasUri ne TIkA kI racanA kii| zrI samayasundara gaNI ne dIpikA likhii| zrI tilakAcArya yA zrI tilakasUri, zrI sumatisUri tathA zrI vinayahaMsa prabhRti vidvAnoM dvArA vRttiyoM kI racanA huii| yApanIya saMgha ke zrI aparAjita, jo zrI vijayAcArya ke nAma se bhI khyAta haiM; ne bhI TIkA kI racanA kI, jisakA unhoMne 'vijayodayA' nAmakaraNa kiyA / apane dvArA viracita "bhagavatI ArAdhanA" TIkA meM unhoMne isa sambandha meM ullekha kiyA hai| zrI jJAnasamrATa tathA zrIrAjahaMsa mahopAdhyAya ne isa para gujarAtI TIkAtroM kI racanA kii| zrI jJAnasamrAT dvArA racita TIkA 'bAlAvabodha' ke nAma se vizruta hai| prathama prakAzana pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA prAcyavidyAoM ke antargata jaina vAGamaya ke parizIlana kI ora bhI jhukAva rahA hai| unhoMne usa ora vizeSa

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paiMtAlIsa grAgama 145 adhyavasAya bhI kiyA hai, jo isa eka udAharaNa se spaSTa hai ki jarmana vidvAn DA0 arnesTa lyUmena ( Dr. Ernest Leumann) ne san 1862 meM jarmana praoNriyanTala sosAyaTI ke jarnala ( Journal of the German Oriental Society) meM sabase pahale dazavaikAlika kA prakAzana kiyA / usase pahale yaha grantha kevala hastalikhita pratiyoM ke rUpa meM thA, mudrita nahIM ho pAyA thA / usake pazcAt bhArata meM isakA prakAzana huA / uttarottara aneka saMskaraNa nikalate gaye / san 1632 meM suprasiddha jarmana vidvAn, jaina Agama vAG maya va prAkRta ke pramukha adhyetA DA0 zubiMga ke sampAdakatva meM prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha isakA jarmanI meM prakAzana huA / * 4. piMDa nijjutti ( piNDa - niyukti) nAma : vyAkhyA piNDa zabda jaina pAribhASika dRSTi se bhojanavAcI hai / prastuta grantha meM prahAra eSaNIyatA, aneSaNIyatA zrAdi ke vizleSaNa ke sandarbha meM udgama-doSa, utpAdana - doSa, eSaNA - doSa aura grAsa- eSaNA - doSa AdizramaNa jIvana ke AhAra, bhikSA prAdi mahatvapUrNa pahaluoM para vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai / mukhyataH doSoM se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa isa grantha kI aneka gAthAeM suprasiddha digambara lekhaka vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM se milatI haiM / prastuta grantha meM chaH sau ikahattara gAthAe~ haiM / yaha vAstava meM koI svatantra grantha nahIM hai / dazavaikAlika ke paMcama adhyayana kA nAma 'piNDeSaNA' hai / isa adhyayana para prAcArya bhadrabAhu kI niyukti bahuta vistRta ho gayI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki ise 'piNDa -niryukti' ke nAma se eka svatantra Agama ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA / niyukti aura bhASya kI gAthAoM kA isa prakAra vimizraNa ho gayA hai ki unheM pRthak-pRthak chA~Ta pAnA kaThina hai / piNDa - niyukti ATha adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai, jinake nAma udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA, saMyojanA, pramANa, a~gAra, dhUma tathA kAraNa

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jainAgama digdarzana haiN| bhikSA se sambaddha aneka pahaluoM kA vistRta tathA sAtha-hI-sAtha rocaka varNana hai| vahAM udgama aura utpAdana-doSa ke solaha-solaha tathA eSaNA-doSa ke daza bhedoM kA varNana hai / bhikSAgata doSoM ke sandarbha meM sthAna-sthAna para udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki amuka muni usa prakAra ke doSa kA sevana karane ke kAraNa prAyazcitta ke bhAgI hue| gRhastha ke yahAM se bhikSA kisa-kisa sthiti meM lI jAe, isa sambandha meM mahatvapUrNa carcAeM haiN| batAyA gayA hai ki yadi gaha-svAminI bhojana kara rahI ho, daho bilo rahI ho, ATA pIsa rahI ho, cAvala kUTa rahI ho, ruI dhuna rahI ho, to sAdhu ko usase bhikSA nahIM lenI caahie| isI prakAra atyanta nAsamajha bAlaka se, azakta vRddha se, unmatta se, jisakA zarIra kAMpa rahA ho, jo jvarAkrAnta ho, netrahIna ho, kaSTa-pIr3ita ho, aise vyaktiyoM se bhI bhikSA lenA avihita hai| bhaviSya-kathana, cikitsA-kauzala, mantra, tantra, vazIkaraNa Adi se prabhAvita kara bhikSA lenA bhI varjita kahA gayA hai / kucha mahatvapUrNa ullekha prasaMgopAtta sarpa-daMza Adi ko upazAnta karane ke lie dImaka ke ghara kI miTTI, vamana zAnta karane ke lie makkhI kI bITha, TUTI huI haDDI jor3ane ke lie kisI kI haDDI, kuSTa roga ko miTAne ke lie gomUtra kA prayoga Adi sAdhuoM ke lie nirdiSTa kiye gaye haiN| __ sAdhu jihvA-svAda se aspRSTa rahatA huA kisa prakAra anAsakta tathA pramUchita bhAva se bhikSA grahaNa kare, gRhasya para kisI bhI prakAra kA bhAra utpanna na ho, vaha unake lie asuvidhA, kaSTa yA pratikUlatA kA nimitta na bane, usake kAraNa gRhastha ke ghara meM kisI prakAra kI avyavasthA na ho jAe; ityAdi kA jaisA manovaijJAnika evaM vyAvahArika vivecana isa grantha meM huaA hai, vaha jaina zramaNa-caryA ke anuzIlana evaM anusaMdhAna ke sandarbha meM vizeSataH paThanIya hai| piNDa-niyukti para prAcArya malayagiri ne vRhad-vRtti kI racanA kii| zrI vIrAcArya ne isa para laghu-vRtti likhI hai|

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paiMtAlIsaM mAgama 147 mohamijjutti (mogha-niyukti) nAma : vyAkhyA ogha kA artha pravAha, sAtatya, paramparA yA paramparA-prApta upadeza hai| isa grantha meM sAdhu-jIvana se sambaddha sAmAnya samAcArI kA vizleSaNa hai / sambhavataH isIlie isakA yaha nAmakaraNa huaaa| jisa prakAra piNDa-niyukti meM sAdhuoM ke AhAra-viSayaka pahaluoM kA vivecana hai, usI prakAra isameM sAdhu-jIvana se sambaddha sabhI mAcAra-vyavahAra ke viSayoM kA saMkSepa meM saMsparza kiyA gayA hai| piNDa-niyukti dazavakAlika niyukti kA jisa prakAra aMza mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra ise Avazyaka niyukti kA eka aMza svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, jisake racayitA prAcArya bhadrabAhu haiM / isameM kula 811 gAthAe~ haiM / niyukti tathA bhASya kI gAthAe~ vimizrita haiM, unheM pRthak-pRthak kara pAnA sahaja nahIM hai| aogha-niyukti pratilekhana-dvAra, AlocanA-dvAra tathA vizuddhidvAra meM vibhakta hai| prakaraNoM ke nAmoM se spaSTa hai ki sAdhu-jIvana ke prAyaH sabhI caryA--agoM ke vizleSaNa kA isameM samAveza hai| eka mahatvapUrNa prasaMga _eka cira cacita prasaMga hai, jisa para isameM bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / vaha prasaMga hai : prAtma-rakSA--jIvana-rakSA kA adhika mahatva hai yA saMyama-rakSA kA? donoM meM se kisI eka ke nAza kA prazna upasthita ho jAe, to prAthamikatA kise denI cAhie ? isa viSaya meM prAcAryoM meM matabheda rahA hai| kucha ne saMyama-rakSA hetu mara miTane ko Avazyaka batalAyA hai aura kucha ne jIvana-rakSA kara phira prAyazcitta lene kA sujhAva diyA hai| aogha-niyukti meM batalAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko saMyama kA pratipAlana sadA pavitra bhAva se karanA hI cAhie, para yadi jIvana miTane kA prasaMga bana jAe, to vahAM prAthamikatA jIvana-rakSA ko denI hogii| yadi jIvana baca gayA, to sAdhaka eka bAra saMyama-cyuta hone

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jainAgama digdarzana para bhI prAyazcitta, tapa Adi dvArA prAtma-zuddhi yA antaH-sammArjana kara punaH yathAvastha ho sakegA / pariNAmoM ko sAtvikatA yA bhAvavizuddhi ho to saMyama kA AdhAra hai / vizeSa balapUrvaka Age kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka kA deha saMyama pAlana ke lie hai, bhoga ke lie nahIM hai / yadi deha hI nahIM rahA, to saMyama-pAlana kA prAcAra-sthala hI kahAM bacA ? deha-rakSA yA zarIra ko naSTa na hone dene kA kArya deha ke prati Asakti nahIM hai, pratyuta saMyama ke pratipAlana kI bhAvanA hai; ataH deha-pratipAlana iSTa hai| nizotha-cUrNI meM bhI yaha prasaMga vyAkhyAta huA hai| vahAM bhI varNita hai ki jahAM taka ho sake, saMyama kI virAdhanA nahIM karanI cAhie, para yadi koI bhI upAya na ho, to jIvana-rakSA ke lie vaisA kiyA jA sakatA hai| upadhi-nirUpaNa __ saMyamI jIvana ke nirvAha hetu jo nyUnatama sAdhana-upakaraNa apekSita hote haiM, unheM upadhi kahA jAtA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM 'isa viSaya kA vivecana hai / vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNa zramaNa dvArA dhAraNa kiye jAne cAhie yA nahIM kiye jAne cAhie; jaina paramparA ke antargata zvetAmbaroM tathA digambaroM meM yaha eka vivAdAspada prasaMga hai, jisake sandarbha meM donoM ora se dvividha vicAra-dhArAeM evaM samAdhAna upasthita kiye jAte haiM / prastuta grantha ke isa prakaraNa kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka parizIlana isa viSaya meM anusandhitsA rakhane vAloM ke lie vastutaH bar3A upayogI hai| isa prakaraNa meM jinakalpI zramaNa, sthavirakalpI zramaNa tathA prAyikA yA sAdhvI ke lie prayojya upakaraNoM kA vivaraNa hai / jinakalpI va sthavirakalpI ke upakaraNa jinakalpI ke lie jo upakaraNa vihita haiM, unakA grantha meM isa prakAra ullekha hai : 1. pAtra, 2. pAtra-bandha, 3. pAtra-sthApana, 4. pAtra-kesarikA ( pAtra-mukha vastrikA), 5. paTala, 6. rajastrANa,

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paitAlIsa zrAgama 146 7. gocchaka, 8-10. pracchAdaka traya, 11. rajoharaNa tathA 12. mukhavastrikA | prApta sUcanAoM se vidita hotA hai ki paTala nAmaka vastra kA upayoga bhojana - pAtra ko AvRtta karane ke lie tathA apekSita hone para guhyAMga ko Dhakane ke lie bhI hotA thA / sthavira- kalpI zramaNoM ke lie bAraha upakaraNa to the hI, unake atirikta colapaTTa aura mAtraka nAmaka do upakaraNa aura the / isa prakAra unake lie caudaha upakaraNoM kA vidhAna thA / sAdhvI yA zrArthikA ke upakararaNa jina - kalpI ke lie nirdezita bAraha upakaraNa, sthavira kalpI ke lie nirdezita do adhika upakaraNoM meM se ekamAtraka; ina teraha upakaraNoM ke atirikta nimnAMkita bAraha anya upakaraNa sAdhvI yA AryikA ke lie nirdiSTa kiye gaye prApta hote haiM / unake lie kula paccIsa upakaraNa ho jAte haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM : 14. kamaDhaga, 15. uggahaNaMtaMga (guhya aMga kI rakSA ke lie nAva kI AkRti kI taraha), 16. paTTaka ( uggahaNaMtaga ko donoM ora se Dhakane vAlA jAMghiye kI prAkRti kI taraha), 17. zraddhoruga ( uggahata aura paTTaka ke Upara pahane jAne vAlA ), 18. calanikA ( binA silA huA ghuTanoM taka pahane jAne vAlA / bAMsa para khela karane vAle bhI pahanate the ), 16. prabhitara niyaMsaNI ( yaha prAdhI jAMghoM taka laTakA rahatA hai / vastra badalate samaya loga sAdhviyoM kA upahAsa nahIM karate / ), 20. bahiniyaMsaNI ( yaha ghuTanoM taka laTakA rahatA hai aura ise DorI se kaTi meM bAMdhA jAtA hai / ), 21. kaMcuka ( vakSasthala ko Dhakane vAlA vastra), 22. ukkacchiya ( yaha kaMcuka ke samAna hotA hai / ), 23. vekacchiya ( isase kaMcuka aura ukkacchiya donoM DhaMka jAte haiM / ), 24. saMghATI (ye cAra hotI thIM - eka pratizraya meM, dUsarI va tIsarI bhikSAnnAdi ke lie bAhara jAte samaya aura cauthI samavasaraNa meM pahanI jAtI thIM), 25. khandhakaraNI (cAra hAtha lambA vastra jo vAyu Adi kI rakSA karane ke lie pahanA jAtA thA / rUpavatI sAdhviyoM ko kubjA jaisI dikhAne ke lie bhI isakA upayoga karate the / ) 1 ina 1. niyukti 674 - 77; bhASya 313 - 320

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150 jainAgama digdarzana vastropakaraNoM kA svarUpa, upayoga, apekSA, vikAsa prabhRti viSaya zramaraNa-jIvana ke aparigrahI rUpa tathA sAmAjikatA ke pariprekSya meM vizeSa rUpa se adhyetavya haiN| vyAkhyA : sAhitya aodha-niyukti para race gaye vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM zrI droNAcArya racita TIkA vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / isakI racanA cUNi kI taraha prAkRta kI pradhAnatA lie hue hai arthAt vaha prAkRta-saMskRta ke mizrita rUpa meM praNIta hai / prAcArya malayagiri dvArA vRtti kI racanA kI gii| avacUri kI bhI racanA huii| ___ pakkhiya sutta (pAkSika sUtra) Avazyaka sUtra ke paricaya tathA vizleSaNa ke antargata pratikramaNa kI carcA huI hai / AtmA kI svasthatA-apane zuddha svarUpa meM avasthiti, antaH-pariSkRti tathA prAtma-jAgaraNa kA vaha (pratikramaNa) parama sAdhaka hai / jaina paramparA meM pratikramaNa ke pAMca prakAra mAne gaye haiM-1. devasika, 2. rAtrika, 3. pAkSika, 4. cAturmAsika tathA 5. sAMvatsarika / pAkSika sUtra kI racanA kA prAdhAra pAkSika pratikramaNa hai| ise Avazyaka sUtra kA eka aGga hI mAnA jAnA cAhiye athavA usake eka aGga kA vizeSa pUraka / prastuta kRti meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha; ina pAMca mahAvratoM ke sAtha chaThe rAtri-bhojana ko milAkara chaH mahAvratoM tathA unake aticAroM kA. vivecana hai| kSamAzramaNoM kI vandanA bhI isameM samAviSTa hai| prasaMgataH isameM bAraha aGgoM, saiMtIsa kAlika sUtroM tathA aTThAIsa utkAlika sUtroM ke nAmoM kA sUcana hai| prAcArya yazodevasUri ne isa para vRtti kI racanA kI, jo 'sukhAvabodhA' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| khAmaraNA-sutta (kSAmaraNA-sUtra) pAkSika kSAmaNA sUtra ke nAma se bhI yaha racanA prasiddha hai| isameM koI ullekhanIya vizeSatA nahIM hai| ise pAkSika sUtra ke sAtha ginane kI paramparA bhI hai aura pRthaka bhI /

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paiMtAlIsa bhAgama vaMdita sutta isa sUtra kA prArambha 'vaMdittu savvasiddha' isa gAthA se hotA hai aura yahI isake nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki isakI racanA gaNadharoM dvArA kI gaI / aneka AcAryoM ne TIkAoM kI racanA kI, jisameM zrI devasUri, zrI pArzvasUri, zrI jinezvarasUri, zrIcandrasUri tathA zrI ratnazekharasUri Adi mukhya haiM / cUrNi kI bhI racanA huI, jo isa para race gaye vyAkhyA sAhitya meM sarvAdhika prAcIna hai / isake racayitA zrI vijayasiMha the / racanA - kAla 1153 vikramAbda hai / ' vaMdittu sutta' kI apara saMjJA 'zrAddha pratikramaNa - sUtra' bhI hai / ise Avazyaka se sambaddha hI mAnA jAnA cAhie / 151 isi bhAsiya ( RSibhASita) RSi se yahAM pratyeka buddha kA prAzaya hai / yaha sUtra pratyeka buddhoM dvArA bhASita yA nirUpita mAnA jAtA hai / tadnusAra isakI saMjJA 'RSibhASita' ho gaI / isake paiMtAlIsa adhyayana haiM, jinameM pratyeka buddhoM ke carita varNita haiM / isake katipaya adhyayana padya meM haiM tathA katipaya gadya meM / kahA jAtA hai ki isa para niyukti kI bhI racanA kI gaI, para, vaha aprApya hai / 5. nandI sUtra nandI-sUtra : racayitA nandI - sUtra ke racayitA zrI dRSyagaNI ke ziSya zrI devavAcaka mAne jAte haiM / kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra zrI devavAcaka, zrI devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kA hI nAmAntara hai / devavAcaka aura devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa do vyakti nahIM haiM, eka hI haiM, para, etatsambaddha sAmagrI se yaha spaSTatayA siddha nahIM hotA / donoM do bhinna-bhinna gacchoM se sambaddha the, kucha isa prakAra ke puSTa sAkSya bhI haiM / svarUpaH viSaya-vastu grantha ke prArambha meM pacAsa gAthAe~ haiM / prathama tIna gAthAoM meM granthakAra dvArA antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko praNamana karate hue

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152 jainAgama digdarzana maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai / usake pazcAt cauthI gAthA se unnIsavIM gAthA taka eka sundara rUpaka dvArA dharma-saMgha kI prazasti evaM stavanA kI hai| bIsavIM aura ikkIsavIM gAthA meM prAdya tIrthaGkara bhagavAn RSabha se antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka; cauvIsa tIrthaGkaroM ko sAmaSTika rUpa meM vandana kiyA gayA hai| bAIsavIM, teIsavIM aura cauvIsavIM gAthA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadharoM tathA dharma-saMgha kA varNana hai| paccIsavIM gAthA se saiMtAlIsavIM gAthA taka Arya sudharmA se lekara zrI dUSyagaNI taka sthanirAvalI kA prazastipUrvaka varNana hai / ar3atAlIsavIM se pacAsavIM gAthA taka tapa, niyama, satya, saMyama, vinaya, Arjava, kSAMti, mArdava, zIla Adi uttamottama guNoM se yukta, prazasta vyaktitva ke dhanI yugapradhAna zramaNoM tathA zrata-vaiziSTya vibhUSita zramaNoM kI stavanA kI hai| isase prakaTa hai ki yaha sthavirAvalI yugapradhAna paripATI para AdhRta hai| tadanantara sUtrAtmaka varNana prArambha hotA hai / sthAna-sthAna para gAthAoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai| ___jJAna ke vizleSaNa ke antargata mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH-paryava tathA kevala jJAna kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| unake bheda-prabheda, udbhava, vikAsa prAdi kA talasparzI tAtvika vivecana kiyA gayA hai| samyaka zruta ke prasaMga meM dvAdazAMga yA gaNi-piTaka ke prAcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga prabhRti bAraha bheda nirUpita kiye gaye haiN| prAsaMgika rUpa meM vahAM mithyA-zru ta kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai / gaNika, Agamika, aMga-praviSTa, aMga-bAhya Adi ke rUpa meM zru ta kA vistRta vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| Agamika vAGamaya ke vikAsa tathA vistAra ke parizIlana kI dRSTi se nandI sUtra kA yaha aMza vizeSataH paThanIya hai| darzana-pakSa darzana kA AdhAra pramANa hotA hai aura pramANa kA AdhAra jJAna / nandI Agama jJAna-carcA kA hI AdhAra bhUta zAstra hai / jaina jJAnavAda para usameM sarvAGgINa mImAMsA hai| usa jJAna mImAMsA kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki sAmAnyatayA sabhI jainetara darzanoM meM

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paitAlIsa mAgama indriya-jJAna ko pratyakSa jJAna kI koTi meM liyA hai, jabaki jaina darzana ne kevala atIdinya jJAna ko hI pratyakSa jJAna ke bhedoM meM liyA hai| nandIkAra ne indriya-jJAna ko bhI pratyakSa jJAna ke bhedoM meM le liyA hai| 'A~kha dekhA bhI apratyakSa' Adi AropoM se jaina darzana ko bacAne kI dRSTi se prastuta samAdhAna apanAyA gayA hai| Age cala kara to jaina darzana pratyakSa ke do bhedoM meM sarvamAnya ho hI gayA-indriya jJAna sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa aura avadhi Adi atIndriya jJAna pAramArthika pratyakSa / nandI sUtra kI samagna jJAna-carcA ko "jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa 1" meM nimnokta prakAra se samAhita evaM rUpAntarita kiyA gayA haijJAnavAda jJAna pA~ca prakAra hai : 1. prAbhinibodhika jJAna, 2. zru ta jJAna, 3. avadhi jJAna, 4. manaH paryAya jJAna aura 5. kevala jJAna / saMkSepa meM yaha jJAna do prakAra kA hai : pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa ke do bheda haiM : indriya pratyakSa aura noindriya pratyakSa / indriya pratyakSa pA~ca prakAra kA hai : 1. zrotrendriya pratyakSa, 2. cakSurindriya pratyakSa, 3. ghrANendriya pratyakSa, 4. jihvandriya pratyakSa 5. sparzendriya prtykss| noindriya pratyakSa tIna prakAra kA hai : 1. avadhi jJAna pratyakSa, 2. manaH paryaya jJAna pratyakSa, 3. kevala jJAna pratyakSa / pravadhi-jJAna avadhijJAna pratyakSa bhava-pratyayika aura kSAyopazamika hotA hai| bhava-pratyayika avadhijJAna arthAt janma se prApta hone vAlA jJAna / yaha devoM tathA nArakoM ke hotA hai / kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna manuSyoM tathA paMcendriya tiryaMcoM ke hotA hai / avadhijJAna ke prAvaraka karmoM meM se udIrNa ke kSaya tathA anudIrNa ke upazamana hone para utpanna hone se yaha kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / guNa-pratipanna anagAra 1. bhAga0 2. pR0 2. khAmovasamiyaM tayAvaraNijjAraNaM kammAraNaM udipAraNaM khaera aNudiNNAyaM uvasameNaM prohinANaM smuppjjii|

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154 jainAgama digdarzana zramaNa ko jo avadhijJAna hotA hai, vaha kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna hotA hai| saMkSepa meM yaha chaH prakAra kA hai : 1. AnugAmika, 2. anAnugAmika, 3. vardhamAnaka, 4. hoyamAnaka, 5. pratipAtika, 6. apratipAtika / anugAmika avadhijJAna do prakAra kA hai : 1. antagata aura 2. madhyagata / antaganta anugAmika avadhijJAna tIna prakAra kA hai : 1. purataH antagata, 2. mArgataH antagata aura 3 pArzvataH antagata / koI vyakti ulkA-dIpikA, caTulI-paryanta jvalita tRNapUlikA, alAta-tRNAgravartI agni, maNi, pradIpa athavA anya kisI prakAra kI jyoti ko agravartI rakhakara apane patha para bar3hatA calA jAtA hai, vaha purataH antagata avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| ulkA, dIpikA Adi ko pRSThavartI rakhakara sAtha liye jisa prakAra koI vyakti calatA jAtA hai, usI prakAra pRSThavartI bhAga ko pAlokita karane vAlA jJAna mArgataH antagata avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| dIpikA Adi prakAza sAdhanoM ko jisa prakAra koI vyakti pArzva meM sthApita kara calatA hai, usI prakAra pAva sthita padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA humA sAtha-sAtha calane vAlA jJAna pArzvataH antagata avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra koI puruSa ulkA Adi prakAzakArI padArthoM ko mastaka para rakhakara calatA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jo avadhijJAna cAroM ora ke padArthoM kA jJAna karAte hue jJAtA ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai, vaha madhyagata prAnugAmika avadhijJAna hai / antagata aura madhyagata avadhi meM kyA vizeSatA hai. ? purataH antagata avadhijJAna se saMkhyeya tathA asaMkhyeya yojana Age ke padArtha hI jAne va dekhe jAte haiM (jANai pAsai), mArgataH antagata avadhijJAna se saMkhyeya tathA asaMkhyaya yojana pIche ke padArtha hI jAne va dekhe jAte haiM / pArzvataH antagata avadhijJAna se donoM pAzvoM meM rahe hue saMkhyeya tathA asaMkhyeya yojana taka ke padArtha hI jAne va dekhe jAte haiM, kintu madhyagata avadhijJAna se sabhI ora ke saMkhyeya tathA asaMkhyeya yojana ke bIca meM rahe hae padArtha jAne va dekhe jAte haiM / yahI antagata avadhi aura madhyagata avadhi meM vizeSatA hai| anAnugAmika avadhijJAna kA svarUpa batAte hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki jaise koI puruSa eka bar3e agni sthala meM agni jalAkara usI ke

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paitAlIsa prAgama 155 AsapAsa ghUmatA huA usake pArzva ke padArthoM ko dekhatA hai, dUsare sthAna meM rahe hue padArthoM ko andhakAra ke kAraNa nahIM dekha sakatA, usI prakAra anAnugAmika avadhijJAna jisa kSetra meM utpanna hotA hai, usI kSetra ke saMkhyeya tathA asaMkhyeya yojana taka ke sambaddha yA asambaddha padArthoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai| usase bAhara ke padArthoM ko nahIM jaantaa| jo prazasta adhyavasAya meM sthita hai tathA jisakA cAritra pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi se vardhamAna hai, usake jJAna kI sImA cAroM ora se bar3hatI hai / isI ko vardhamAna avadhijJAna kahate haiN| aprazasta adhyavasAya meM sthita sAdhu jaba saMkliSTa pariNAmoM se saMklizyamAna cAritra vAlA hotA hai, taba cAroM ora se usake jJAna kI hAni hotI hai| yahI hIyamAna avadhi kA svarUpa hai| jo jaghanyatayA aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga athavA saMkhyAtaveM bhAga yAvat yojanalakSa pRthakatva evaM utkRSTatayA sampUrNa loka ko jAnakara phira gira jAtA hai, vaha pratipAtika avadhijJAna hai| aloka ke eka bhI AkAza pradeza ko jAnane va dekhane ke bAda AtmA kA avadhijJAna apratipAtika hotA hai / viSaya kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna cAra prakAra kA hai : 1. dravyaviSayaka, 2. kSetraviSayaka 3. kAla viSayaka aura 4. bhAva viSayaka / dravya dRSTi se avadhijJAnI jaghanya arthAt kama se kama ananta rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai aura utkRSTa arthAt adhika se adhika sabhI rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai / kSetra kI dRSTi se avadhijJAnI jaghanya aMgala ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai aura utkRSTa lokapramANa asaMkhya khaNDoM ko ( aloka meM ) jAnatA va dekhatA hai| kAla kI dRSTi se avadhijJAnI jaghanya prAvalikA ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai aura utkRSTa asaMkhya utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI rUpa atIta tathA anAgata kAla ko jAnatA - dekhatA hai| bhAvaSTi se avadhijJAnI jaghanya ananta bhAvoM (paryAyoM) ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai evaM utkRSTatayA bhI ananta bhAvoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai, samasta bhAvoM ke anantaveM bhAga ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai|

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156 mana:paryayajJAna manaH paryaya jJAna manuSyoM ko hotA hai yA zramanuSyoM ko ? manuSyoM hotA hai to kyA sammUcchima manuSyoM ko hotA hai yA garbhaja manuSyoM ko ? yaha jJAna sammUcchima manuSyoM ko nahIM, apitu garbhaja manuSyoM ko hI hotA hai, karmabhUmi athavA antaradvIpa ke garbhaja manuSyoM ko nahIM / karmabhUmi ke garbhaja manuSyoM meM se bhI saMkhyeya varSa kI Ayu vAloM ko hI hotA hai, asaMkhyeya varSa kI Ayu vAloM ko nahIM / saMkhyeya varSa kI Ayu vAloM meM se bhI paryAptaka (indriya, mana yAdi dvArA pUrNa vikasita) ko hI hotA hai, paryAptaka ko nhiiN| paryAptakoM meM se bhI samyagdRSTi ko hI hotA hai, mithyAdRSTi ko athavA mizradRSTi ( samyak - mithyAdRSTi) ko nahIM / samyaddRSTi vAloM meM se bhI saMyata ( sAdhu ) samyaka dRSTi ko hI hotA hai, asaMyata athavA saMyatAsaMyata samyakadRSTi ko nahIM / saMyatoMsAdhutroM meM se bhI apramatta saMyata ko hI hotA hai, pramatta saMyata ko nahIM / zrapramatta sAdhuyoM meM se bhI Rddhi prApta ko hI hotA hai, RddhizUnya ko nahIM / manaH paryaya jJAna ke adhikArI kA navya nyAya kI zailI meM pratipAdana karane ke bAda sUtrakAra manaHparyaya jJAna kA svarUpa varNana prAraMbha karate haiM / manaH paryaya jJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai : Rjumati aura vipulamati / donoM prakAra ke manaH paryaya jJAna kA saMkSepa meM cAra dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai : 1. dravya, 3. kSetra, 3. kAla aura bhAva / dravya kI apekSA se Rjumati anantapradezI ananta skandhoM ( saMghAta ) ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai aura usI ko vipulamati kucha adhika vipula, vizuddha tathA spaSTa jAnatA dekhatA hai / " kSetra kI apekSA se Rjumati kama se kama aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga aura adhika se adhika nIce ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke UparI bhAga ke nIce ke choTe prataroM taka, Upara jyotiSka vimAna ke UparI talaparyanta tathA tiryak-tirachA manuSya kSetra ke DhAI dvIpa samudra paryanta arthAt pandraha karmabhUmi, tosa karmabhUmi aura chappana antaradvIpoM meM rahe hue saMjJI ( samanaSka) paMcendriya paryAptaka jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai jainAgama digdarzana 1. te caiva viulamaI pramahiyatarAe viulatarAe visuddhatarAe vitimiratarAe jANai pAsai /

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paMtAlIsa prAgama 157 aura vipulamati usI ko r3hAI aMgula adhika, vipulatara, vizuddhatara tathA spaSTatara jAnatA - dekhatA hai| kAla kI apekSA se Rjumati palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke bhUta va bhaviSya ko jAnatA - dekhatA hai aura vipUlamati usI ko kucha adhika vistAra evaM vizuddhipUrvaka jAnatA - dekhatA hai| bhAva kI apekSA se Rjumati ananta bhAvoM (bhAvo ke anantaveM bhAga) ko jAnatA - dekhatA hai aura vipulamati usI ko kucha adhika vistAra evaM vizuddhipUrvaka jAnatA va dekhatA hai / saMkSepa meM manaH paryaya jJAna manuSyoM ke cintita artha ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai, manuSya-kSetra taka sImita hai tathA cAritra-yukta puruSa ke kSayopazama guNa se utpanna hone vAlA hai : maNapajjavanANaM puNa, jaNamaNapariciMtipatthapAgaDaNaM / mANusakhittanibaddha, guNapaccaiaM crittvyo| -sUtra 18, gA0 65 kevala-jJAna kevalajJAna do prakAra kA hai : bhavasthakevalajJAna aura siddhakevalajJAna / bhavastha kevalajJAna arthAt saMsAra meM rahe hue arhantoM kA kevalajJAna / vaha do prakAra kA hai : sayogibhavastha kevalajJAna aura ayogibhavastha kevalajJAna / sayogibhavastha kevalajJAna pUnaH do prakAra kA hai: prathama samaya sayogibhavastha aura aprathama samaya sayogibhavastha kevalajJAna / isI prakAra ayogibhavastha kevalajJAna bhI do prakAra kA hai| 'siddha kevalajJAna ke do bheda haiM : anantara siddha kevalajJAna aura paramparasiddha kevalajJAna / anantara siddha kevalajJAna pandraha prakAra kA hai :1. tIrthasiddha, 2. atIrthasiddha, 3. tIrthaGkarasiddha, 4. atIrthaGkara'siddha, 5. svayaMbuddhasiddha, 6. pratyekabuddhasiddha, 7. buddhabodhitasiddha, 8. strIliMgasiddha, 6. puruSaliMgasiddha, 10. napusakaliMgasiddha, 11. svaliMgasiddha, 12. anyaliMgasiddha, 13. gRhaliMgasiddha, 14. ekasiddha, 15. anekasiddha / parampara-siddha-kevalajJAna aneka prakAra kA hai, jaise 'aprathama samayasiddha, dvisamayasiddha, trisamayasiddha, catuHsamayasiddha, yAvat dazasamayasiddha, saMkhyeya-samayasiddha, asaMkhyeya-samayasiddha, ananta-samayasiddha praadi| sAmAnyataH kevalajJAna kA cAra dRSTiyoM

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jainAgama digdarzana meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai: 1. dravya, 2. kSetra, 3. kAla aura 4. bhAva / dravya kI apekSA se kevalajJAnI sampUrNa dravyoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai / kSetra kI apekSA se kevalajJAnI lokAlokarUpa samasta kSetra ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai| kAla kI apekSA se kevalajJAnI sampUrNa kAlatInoM kAloM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai / bhAva kI apekSA se kevalajJAnI dravyoM ke samasta paryAyoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai / saMkSepa meM kevalajJAna samasta padArthoM ke pariNAmoM evaM bhAvoM ko jAnane vAlA hai, ananta hai, zAzvata hai, apratipAtI hai, eka hI prakAra kA hai : aha savvadavvapariNAmabhAvaviNNattikAraNamaNaMtaM / sAsayamappaDivAI, ekavihaM kevalaM nANaM // -sU0 22, gA066 Aminibodhika-jJAna : noindriya pratyakSa ke antima prakAra kevalajJAna kA varNana karane ke bAda sUtrakAra pratyakSa jJAna kI carcA samApta kara parokSa jJAna kI carcA prArambha kara dete haiM / parokSa jJAna do prakAra kA hai : Abhinibodhika aura zrata / jahAM prAbhinibodhika jJAna hai, vahAM zrutajJAna hai aura jahAM zrutajJAna hai, vahAM Abhibodhika jJAna hai / ye donoM paraspara anugata haiM / ina donoM meM vizeSatA yaha hai ki abhimukha Aye hue padArthoM kA jo niyata bodha karAtA hai, vaha prAbhinibodhika jJAna hai / isI ko matijJAna bhI kahate haiN| zruta kA artha hai sunanA / zrutajJAna arthAt zabdajanya jJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai, kintu matijJAna zru tapUrvaka nahIM hotaa| ___avizeSita mati mati-jJAna aura mati-ajJAna ubhaya rUpa hai| vizeSita mati arthAt samyagdRSTi kI mati mati-jJAna hai tathA mithyAdRSTi kI mati mati-ajJAna hai| isI prakAra avizeSita zru ta zrata-jJAna aura zrata-ajJAna ubhayarUpa hai jaba ki vizeSita arthAt samyagdRSTi kA zruta zruta-jJAna hai evaM mithyA-dRSTi kA zruta zrutaajJAna hai| Abhinibodhika jJAna-matijJAna do prakAra kA hai : zra tanizrita aura azru tanizrita / azru tanizrita mati-buddhi cAra prakAra kI hotI

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paMtAlIsa Agama 156 hai : 1. autpAttikI, 2. vainayikI, 3. karmajA, 4, pAriNAmikI : uppattiyA veNaiyA, kammayA pariNAmiyA / buddhI caunvihA vuttA, paMcamA novalabbhaI // -sU0 26, gA* 68 prautpAttikI buddhi : pahale binA dekhe, binA sune aura binA jAne padArthoM ko tatkAla vizuddha rUpa se grahaNa karane vAlI abAdhita phalayukta buddhi ko autpAttikI buddhi kahate haiN| yaha buddhi kisI prakAra ke pUrva abhyAsa evaM anubhava ke binA hI utpanna hotI hai| vainayikI buddhi : kaThina kArya-bhAra ke nirvAha meM samartha, dharma aura kAmarUpa trivarga kA varNana karane vAle sUtra aura artha kA sAra grahaNa karane vAlI tathA ihaloka aura paraloka donoM meM phala dene vAlI buddhi vinayasamuttha arthAt vinaya se utpanna hone vAlI vainayikI buddhi hai : bharanittharaNasamatthA, tivaggasuttatthagahiyapeyAlA / ubhayologaphalavaI, viNayasamutthA havai buddhi / / karmajA buddhi : ekAgra citta se ( upayogapUrvaka ) kArya ke pariNAma ko dekhane vAlI, aneka kAryoM ke abhyAsa evaM cintana se vizAla tathA vidvajjanoM se prazaMsita buddhi kA nAma karmajA buddhi hai : uvayogadisArA, kmmpsNgprigholnnvisaalaa| sAhukkAra phalavaI, kammasamutthA havai buddhi / / -gA0 76 pAriNAmikI buddhi / __ anumAna, hetu aura dRSTAnta se viSaya ko siddha karane vAlI, Ayu ke paripAka se puSTa tathA aihalaukika unnati evaM mokSarUpa 'niHzreyas pradAna karane vAlI buddhi kA nAma pAriNAmikI buddhi hai :

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960 pramANahe udiTThatasAhiyA vayavivAgapariNAmA / hiya nisseyasaphalavaI, buddhI pariNAmiyA nAma // jainAgama digdarzana zrutanizrita matijJAna ke bhI cAra bheda haiM : 1. avagraha2. IhA, 3. avAya, 4. dhAraNA / pravagraha do prakAra kA hai : arthAvagraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha | vyaMjanAvagraha cAra prakAra kA hai : 1. zrotra ndriyavyaMjanAvagraha, 2. ghrANendriya-vyaMjanAvagraha, 3. jihva endriya-vyaMjanAvagraha, 4. sparzendriya-vyaMjanAvagraha | arthAvagraha chaH prakAra kA hai : 1. zrotrendriya-arthAvagraha, zrotrendriya- zrarthAvagraha 2. cakSurindriya-prarthAvagraha, 3. ghrANendriyaarthAvagraha, 4. jihva endriya-prarthAvagraha, 5 sparzendriya arthAvagraha, 6. noindriya ( mana ) - arthAvagraha / avagraha ke ye pAMca nAma ekArthaka haiM:avagrahaNatA, upadhAraNatA, zravaNatA, avalambanatA aura medhA / - gA0 78 hA bhI arthAvagraha kI hI bhAMti chaH prakAra kI hotI hai / IhA ke ekArthaka zabda haiM :- AbhoganatA, mArgaNatA, gaveSaNatA, cintA aura vimarza | avAya bhI zrotrendriya Adi se chaH prakAra kA hai / isake ekArthaka nAma haiM :- pravarttanatA, pratyAvarttanatA, apAya, buddhi aura vijJAna | dhAraNA bhI pUrvokta rIti se chaH prakAra kI hai / isake ekArthaka padaye haiM: - dharaNa, dhAraNA, sthApanA, pratiSThA aura koSTha / matijJAna kI pravagraha Adi avasthAoM kA kAlamAna batAte hue prAcArya kahate haiM ki avagraha eka samaya taka rahatA hai, IhA kI avasthiti antarmuhUrta hai, avAya bhI antarmuhUrta taka rahatA hai, dhAraNA saMkhyeya athavA asaMkhyeya kAla taka rahatI hai / : avagraha ke eka bheda vyaMjanAvagraha kA svarUpa samajhAne ke lie jaise koI puruSa kisI soye hue amuka ! aisA kahakara jagAtA hai / use kAnoM meM praviSTa eka samaya ke zabda - pudgala sunAI nahIM dete, sUtrakAra ne dRSTAnta bhI diyA hai vyakti ko pro amuka !

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paMtAlIsa pAgama to do samaya ke zabda-pudgala sunAI nahIM dete, yAvat dasa samaya taka ke zabda-pudgala sunAI nahIM dete / isI prakAra saMkhyeya samaya ke praviSTa pudgaloM ko bhI vaha grahaNa nahIM karatA / asaMkhyeya samaya ke praviSTa pudagala hI usake grahaNa karane meM Ate haiN| yahI vyaMjanAvagraha hai| ise mallaka-zarAva-sikorA ke dRSTAnta se bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| arthAvagraha Adi kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai : jaise koI puruSa jAgata avasthA meM avyakta zabda ko sunatA hai aura use 'kucha zabda hai' aisA samajha kara grahaNa karatA hai, kintu yaha nahIM jAnatA ki vaha zabda kisakA hai ? tadanantara vaha IhA meM praveza karatA hai aura taba jAnatA hai ki yaha zabda amuka kA honA caahie| isake bAda vaha avAya meM praveza karatA hai aura nizcaya karatA hai ki yaha zabda amuka kA hI hai| tadanantara vaha dhAraNA meM praveza karatA hai evaM usa zabda ke jJAna ko saMkhyeya athavA asaMkhyeya kAla taka hRdaya meM dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai| isI prakAra anya indriyoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanA cAhie / noindriya arthAt mana se arthAvagraha Adi isa prakAra hote haiM : jaise koI puruSa avyakta svapna dekhatA hai aura prArambha meM 'kucha svapna hai' aisA samajhatA hai / yaha manojanya arthAvagraha hai| tadanantara kramazaH manojanya IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA kI utpatti hotI hai| saMkSepa meM matijJAna-Abhinibodhika-jJAna kA cAra dRSTiyoM se vicAra ho sakatA hai : dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva / dravya kI apekSA se matijJAnI sAmAnyatayA saba padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, kintu, dekhatA nhiiN| kSetra kI dRSTi se matijJAnI sAmAnya prakAra se sampUrNa kSetra ko jAnatA hai, kintu, dekhatA nhiiN| kAla kI apekSA se matijJAnI sAmAnyatayA sampUrNa kAla ko jAnatA hai, kintu, dekhatA nhiiN| bhAva kI apekSA se matijJAnI sAmAnyatayA samasta bhAvoM-paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, kintu, dekhatA nhiiN| matijJAna kA upasaMhAra karate hue kahA gayA hai : zabda spRSTa (chUne para) hI sunA jAtA hai, rUpa aspRSTa hI dekhA jAtA hai, rasa, gandha aura sparza spRSTa evaM baddha (Atma pradezoM se gRhIta hone para) hI jAnA jAtA hai / IhA, apoha, vimarza, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, saMjJA, smRti, mati aura prajJA ye saba Abhinibodhaka-matijJAna

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162 ke paryAya haiM : puTThe suraNei sadda, rUvaM puNa pAsai apuTThe tu / gaMdha rasaM ca phAsaM, ca baddhapuTThaM IhA apoha vImaMsA, maggaNA ya sannA saI maI pannA, savvaM zrabhiNibohiyaM |: viyAgare // gavesaNA | jainAgama digdarzana zrata jJAna : zrutajJAna rUpa parokSa jJAna caudaha prakAra kA hai :- 1. akSarazruta, 2. anakSarazruta, 3. saMjJizruta, 4 asaMjJizruta, 5. samyak ta, 6. mithyAzra ta 7. sAdizruta, anAdizruta, 8, saparyavasitazruta, 10. paryavasitata 11. gamika ta 12. agamikazrata 13. aMgapraviSTa, 14 anaMgapraviSTa / inameM se akSarazrata ke tIna bheda haiM saMjJAkSara, vyaMjanAkSara aura labdhyakSara / akSara kI saMsthAnAkRti kA nAma saMjJAkSara hai / akSara ke vyaMjanAbhilApa ko vyaMjanAkSara kahate haiM / akSaralabdhivAle jIva ko labdhyakSara ( bhAvazruta) utpanna hotA hai / vaha zrotrendriya prAdibheda se chaH prakAra kA hai / anakSarazrata aneka prakAra kA kahA gayA hai, jaise UrdhvaM zvAsa lenA, nIcA zvAsa lenA, thUkanA, khAMsanA, choMkanA, nisaMghanA, anusvArayukta ceSTA karanA Adi : -gA0 85, 87 UsasiyaM nIsasiyaM, nicchUDhaM khAsiyaM ca choyaM ca / nissighiyamaNusAraM praNavakharaM cheliyAIyaM // -gAo 88 saMjJita tIna prakAra kI saMjJAvAlA hai : - (dIrgha) kAlikI, hetupadezikI aura dRSTivAdopadeziko / jisameM IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, cintA, vimarza Adi zaktiyAM vidyamAna haiM, vaha kAlikI saMjJAvAlA hai / jo prANI ( vartamAna kI dRSTi se ) hitAhita kA vicAra kara kisI kriyA meM pravRtta hotA hai, vaha hetUpadezikI saMjJA vAlA hai / samyak zruta ke kAraNa hitAhita] kA bodha prApta karane vAlA sRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA vAlA hai / prasaMjJizruta saMjJita se viparota lakSaNavAlA hai / :---

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paitAlIsa mAgama 163 sarvajJa evaM sarvadarzI arhanta tIrthaGkara praNIta dvAdazAMgI gaNipiTaka samyakazruta hai / dvAdazAMgI caturdaza pUrvaghara ke lie samyakazru ta hai, abhinnadazapUrvI arthAt sampUrNa daza pUrvo ke jJAtA ke lie bhI samyaka zrata hai, kintu, dUsaroM ke lie vikalpa se samyakazrata arthAta unake lie yaha samyakzru ta bhI ho sakatA hai aura mithyAzru ta bhii| ___ ajJAnI mithyASTiyoM dvArA svacchanda buddhi kI kalpanA se kalpita grantha mithyA zru tAntargata haiN| inameM se kucha grantha isa prakAra haiM : bhArata (mahAbhArata), rAmAyaNa, bhImAsUrokta, kauTilyaka, zakaTabhadrikA, khoDamukha (ghoTakamukha), kArpAsika, nAgasUkSma, kanakasaptati, vaizeSika, buddhavacana, vairAzika, kApilika, laukAyatika, SaSTitantra, mAThara, purANa, vyAkaraNa, bhAgavata, pAtaMjali, puNyadaivata, lekha, gaNita, zakunaruta, nATaka athavA 72 kalAe~ aura sAMgopAMga cAra veda / ye saba grantha mithyAvRSTi ke lie mithyAtvarUpa se parigRhIta hone ke kAraNa mithyAzru tarUpa hai tathA samyak dRSTi ke lie samyakatvarUpa se parigRhIta hone ke kAraNa samyak zruta rUpa haiN| athavA mithyASTi ke lie bhI ye samyak zru tarUpa haiM, kyoMki usake samyaktva kI utpatti meM ye hetu haiN| dvAdazAMgI gaNipiTaka vyucchittinaya arthAt paryAyAthikanaya kI apekSA se sAdi aura saparyavasita-sAnta hai tathA avyucchittinaya arthAt dravyAthikanaya kI apekSA se anAdi evaM aparyavasita-ananta hai| jisa sUtra ke Adi, madhya aura anta meM kucha vizeSatA ke sAtha bAra-bAra eka hI pATha kA uccAraNa ho, use gamika kahate haiN| dRSTivAda gamikazru ta hai / gamika se viparIta kAlikata (AcArAMga prAdi) agamika haiN| zru tajJAna va usake sAtha hI prastuta sUtra kA upasaMhAra karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki nimnokta ATha guNoM se yukta muni ko hI zru tajJAna kA lAbha hotA hai : 1. suzruSA(zravaNecchA), 2. pratipRcchA, 3. zravaNa, 4. grahaNa, 5. IhA, 6. apoha, 7. dhAraNA 8. AcaraNa :

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164 jainAgama digdarzana sussUsai paDipucchai, suNei giNhai ya Ihae yAvi / tatto apohae vA, dhArei karei vA sammaM // -gA0 65 anuyoga arthAt vyAkhyAna kI vidhi batAte hue prAcArya kahate haiM ki sarvaprathama sUtra kA artha batAnA cAhie, tadanantara usakI niyukti karanI cAhie aura anta meM niravazeSa sampUrNa bAteM spaSTa kara denI cAhie : - suttattho khalu paDhamo, bIno nijjuttimIsiyo bhnniyo| taino ya niravaseso, esa vihI hoi annuproge| -gA067 zrI jinadAsa mahattara ne nandI-sUtra para cUNi ko racanA kii| prAcArya haribhadra tathA prAcArya malayagiri ne isa para TIkAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| 6. anuyogadvAra . nandI kI taraha yaha sUtra bhI arvAcIna hai, jo isakI bhASA tathA varNana-krama se gamya hai| isake racayitA Arya rakSita mAne jAte haiN| prastuta sUtra meM vibhinna anuyogoM se sambaddha viSayoM kA Akalana hai| vizeSataH saMkhyA-krama-vistAra kA jo gaNitAnuyoga kA viSaya hai, isameM vizada vivecana hai| yaha grantha prAya praznottara kI zailI meM racita hai| sapta svara prasaMgopAtta isameM SaDja, RSabha, gAndhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata tathA niSAda saMjJaka sAta svaroM kA vivecana hai| svaroM ke utpatti sthAna ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki SaDja svara jihvA ke agra-bhAga se uccarita hotA hai| RSabha svara kA uccAraNasthAna hRdaya hai / gAndhAra svara kaNThAgra se niHsRta hotA hai| madhyama svara kA sthAna jihvA ke madhya bhAga se hotA hai / paMcama svara nAsikA

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"paitAlIsa prAgama 165 se bolA jAtA hai / dhaivata svara dAMtoM ke yoga se uccarita hotA hai| niSAda svara netra-bhRkuTi ke AkSepa se bolA jAtA hai| sAtoM svaroM ke jIva-niHsRta aura ajIva-niHsRta bheda-vizleSaNa ke antargata batAyA gayA hai ki mayUra SaDja svara, kukkuTa RSabha svara. haMsa gAMdhAra svara, gAya-bher3a Adi pazu madhyama svara, vasanta Rtu meM koyala paMcama svara, sArasa tathA krauMca pakSI dhaivata svara aura hAthI niSAda svara meM bolatA hai| mAnava kRta svara-prayoga ke phalAphala para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / prastuta prasaMga meM grAma, mUrcchanA Adi kA bhI ullekha hai| ATha vibhaktiyoM kI bhI carcA hai| kahA gayA hai, nirdeza meM prathamA, upadeza meM dvitIyA, karaNa meM tRtIyA, sampradAya meM caturthI, apAdAna meM paMcamI, sambandha meM SaSThI, AdhAra meM saptamI tathA AmantraNa meM aSTamI vibhakti hai| prakRti, pAgama, lopa, samAsa, taddhita, dhAtu Adi anya vyAkaraNa-sambandhI viSayoM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| prasaMgataH kAvya ke nau rasoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| - palyopama, sAgaropama Adi ke bheda-prabheda tathA vistAra, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta Adi kA vizleSaNa, bheda-prakAra; Adi kA vistAra se varNana hai / jaina pAribhASika parimANa-krama tathA saMkhyAkrama kI dRSTi se isakA vastutaH mahattva hai| mahatvapUrNa sUcanAeM ___kuprAvanika, mithyA zAstra, pAkhaNDI zramaNa, kApAlika, tApasa, parivrAjaka, pANDuraMga Adi dharmopajIviyoM, tRNa, kASTha tathA patte Dhone vAloM, vastra, sUta, bhANDa Adi kA vikraya kara jIvikopArjana karane vAloM, julAhoM, bar3haiyoM, citeroM, dAMta ke kArIgaroM, chatra banAne vAloM Adi kA yathAprasaMga vivecana huA hai| __ pramANa-varNana ke prasaMga meM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna tathA Agama kI vizada carcA kI gayI hai| pratyakSa ke do bheda batalAye gaye haiM. : indriyapratyakSa tathA no - indriya-pratyakSa / indriya-pratyakSa ke pAMca bheda kahe gaye

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166 jainAgama digdarzana haiM:-zrotrendriya- pratyakSa, cakSuH-indriya- pratyakSa, ghrANendriya- pratyakSa, rasanendriya- pratyakSa tathA sparzanendriya-pratyakSa / ___ no-indriya-pratyakSa kA varNana karate hue use avadhijJAna-pratyakSa, mana:-paryaya-jJAna- pratyakSa tathA kevala-jJAna- pratyakSa; isa prakAra ise tIna prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai| anumAna anumAna kA varNana karate hue unake pUrvavat , zeSavat tathA dRSTi-sAdharmya nAmaka tIna bhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| pUrvavat anumAna kA svarUpa samajhAne ke lie sUtrakAra ne eka udAharaNa diyA hai : jaise koI mAtA kA putra bAlyAvasthA meM anyatra calA gayA aura yuvA ho kara apane nagara vApisa paayaa| use dekha kara usakI mAtA pUrvadRSTa arthAt pahale dekhe hue lakSaNoM se anumAna karatI hai ki yaha putra merA hI hai|' isI ko pUrvavat anumAna kahate haiN| zeSavat anumAna pAMca prakAra kA hai : kAryataH, kAraNataH, gaNataH, avayavataH aura AzrayataH / kArya se kAraNa kA jJAna honA kAryataH anumAna hai / zaMkha, bherI Adi ke zabdoM se unake kAraNabhUta padArthoM kA jJAna honA isI prakAra kA anumAna hai| kAraNoM se kArya kA jJAna kAraNataH anumAna kahalAtA hai / tantuoM se paTa banatA hai, miTTI ke piNDa se ghaTa banatA hai prAdi udAharaNa isI prakAra ke anumAna ke haiM / gaNa ke jJAna se guNI kA jJAna karanA gaNataH anumAna hai / kasauTI se svarNa kI parIkSA, gaMdha se puSpa kI parIkSA Adi isI prakAra ke anumAna ke udAharaNa haiN| avayavoM se avayavI kA jJAna honA avayava anumAna hai / zRgoM se mahiSa kA, zikhA se kukkuTa kA, dAMtoM se hAthI kA, dAr3hoM se vArAha-sUara kA jJAna isI koTi kA anumAnajanya jJAna hai| sAdhana se sAdhya kA arthAt prAzraya se prAzrayI kA jJAna prAzrayataH anumAna hai / dhUmra se agni kA, bAdaloM se jala kA, abhra-vikAra se vRSTi kA, sadAcaraNa se kulIna putra kA jJAna isI prakAra kA anumAna hai| 1. mAyA putta jahA naLaM, juvANaM puNarAgayaM / kAI paccabhijANejjA, puvaliMgeraNa keNaI / / -gA0 15.

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"paMtAlIsa prAgama 167 dRSTasAdharmyavat anumAna ke do bheda haiM : sAmAnya dRSTa aura vizeSa dRSTa / kisI eka puruSa ko dekhakara taddezIya athavA tajjAtIya anya puruSoM kI AkRti Adi kA anumAna karanA sAmAnyadRSTa anumAna kA udAharaNa hai| isI prakAra aneka puruSoM kI prAkRti Adi se eka puruSa kI prAkRti Adi kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / kisI vyakti ko kisI sthAna para eka bAra dekhakara punaH usake anyatra dikhAI dene para use acchI taraha pahacAna lenA vizeSa dRSTa anumAna kA udAharaNa hai| upamAna: upamAna ke do bheda haiM : sAdhopanIta aura vaidhopanIta / sAdhopanIta tIna prakAra kA hai : kiMcit sAdhopanIta, prAyaHsAdhopanIta aura sarva sAdhopanIta / kiMcit sAdhopanIta use kahate haiM, jisameM kucha sAdharmya ho| udAharaNa ke lie jaisA meru parvata hai, vaisA hI sarSapa kA bIja hai; kyoMki donoM hI mUrta hai| isI prakAra jaisA Aditya hai, vaisA hI khadyota hai; kyoMki donoM hI prakAzayukta haiN| jaisA candra hai, vaisA hI kumuda hai; kyoMki donoM hI zItalatA pradAna karate haiM / prAyaH sAdhopanIta use kahate haiM, jisameM karIba-karIba samAnatA ho / udAharaNArtha jaisI gAya hai, vaisI hI nIlagAya hai| sarva sAdhopanIta use kahate haiM, jisameM saba prakAra kI samAnatA ho| isa prakAra kI upamA deza-kAla Adi kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa nahIM mila sakatI; ataH usakI usI se upamA denA sarvasAdhopanIta upamAna hai| isameM upameya evaM upamAna abhinna hote haiM / udAharaNa ke lie arhat hI arhat ke tulya kArya karatA hai| cakravartI hI cakravartI ke samAna kArya karatA hai Adi / vaidhopanIta bhI isI taraha tIna prakAra kA hai : kiMcitavaidhopanIta, prAyaH vaidhopanIta aura sarva vaidhopanIta /

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168 jainAgama digdarzana prAgama: Agama do prakAra ke haiM : laukika aura lokottarika / mithyAdRSTiyoM ke banAye hue grantha laukika Agama haiM; jaise, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi / lokottarika Agama ve haiM, jinheM pUrNa jJAna evaM darzana ko dhAraNa karane vAle, bhUta, bhaviSya evaM vartamAna kAla ke padArthoM ke jJAtA, tInoM lokoM ke prANiyoM se pUjita, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, arhat prabhu ne batAyA hai, jaise, dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka / athavA Agama tIna prakAra ke haiM : sUtrAgama, arthAgama aura tadubhayAgama; athavA AtmAgama, anantarAgama aura paramparAgama / tIrthaGkara prarUpita artha unake lie pAtmAgama hai| gaNadhara praNIta sUtra gaNadhara ke lie AtmAgama evaM artha anantarAgama hai| gaNadharoM ke ziSyoM ke lie sUtroM ko anantarAgama evaM artha ko paramparAgama kahate haiM / isake bAda sUtra aura artha donoM hI paramparAgama ho jAte haiN| pramANa kI taraha nayavAda kI bhI vistAra se carcA huI hai| ina varNana-kramoM se isake arvAcIna hone kA kathana paripuSTa hotA hai| prastuta grantha para zrI jinadAsa mahattara kI cUNi hai| prAcArya haribhadra tathA maladhArI hemacandra dvArA TIkAtroM kI bhI racanA kI gii| ___ dasa paieNaga (daza prakIrNaka) prakIrNaka kA prAzaya idhara-udhara bikharI huI, chitarI huI sAmagrI yA vividha viSayoM ke samAkalana athavA saMgraha se hai / jaina pAribhASika dRSTi se prakIrNaka una granthoM ko kahA jAtA hai, jo tIrthaGkoM ke ziSya udbuddhacetA zramaNoM dvArA adhyAtma-sambaddha vividha viSayoM para race jAte rahe haiN| prakIrNakoM kI paramparA : nandI sUtra meM kiye gaye ullekha ke anusAra prathama tIrthaGkara bhagavAn RSabha ke ziSyoM dvArA caurAsI sahasra prakIrNakoM kI racanA kI gii| dUsare se teIsaveM taka ke tIrthaGkaroM ke ziSyoM dvArA saMkhyeya sahasra prakIrNaka race gye| cauvIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM dvArA caudaha sahasra prakIrNaka granthoM kI racanA kI gyii|

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paitAlIsa prAgama 166 - nandI sUtra meM isa prasaMga meM aisA bhI ullekha hai ki jina-jina tIrthaGkaroM ke autpAtikI, vainayikI, kArmikI tathA pAriNAmikI; cAra prakAra kI buddhi se utpanna jitane bhI ziSya hote haiM, unake utane hI sahasra prakIrNaka hote haiM / jitane pratyeka-buddha hote haiM, unake bhI utane hI prakIrNaka grantha hote haiN|' nandI sUtra ke TIkAkAra AcArya malayagiri ne isa sambandha meM isa prakAra spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki arhata-prarUpita zruta kA anusaraNa karate hue unake ziSya bhI grantha-racanA karate haiM, use prakIrNaka kahA jAtA hai / athavA arhata-upadiSTa zrR ta kA anusaraNa karate hue unake ziSya dharma-dezanA Adi ke sandarbha meM apane vacana-kauzala se grantha paddhatyAtmaka rUpa meM jo bhASaNa karate haiM, vaha prakIrNaka-saMjJaka hai| prakIrNaka granthoM kI racanA tIrthaGkaroM ke ziSyoM dvArA hone kI jaba mAnyatA hai, to yaha sthiti pratyeka-buddhoM ke sAtha kaise ghaTita hogI: kyoMki ve kisI ke dvArA dIkSita nahIM hote / ve kisI ke ziSya bhI nahIM hote| isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai ki, pravrAjaka yA pravrajyA dene vAle prAcArya kI dRSTi se pratyeka-buddha kisI ke ziSya nahIM hote, para, tIrthaGkaroM dvArA upadiSTa dharma-zAsana kI pratipannatA yA tadanazAsanasampRktatA kI apekSA se athavA unake zAsana ke antarvartI hone se ve 1. evamAiyAiM caurAsIiM paiNNaga-sahassAI bhagavo araho usaha sAmiyassa prAititthayarassa / tahA saMkhijjAI paiNNagasahassAI majjhimagAraNa jiNavarANaM / codasapaiNyaNagasahassAriNa bhagavano vaddhamANasAmissa / mahavA jassa jattiyA sIsA uppattiyAe veraNaiyAe kammiyAe pariNAmiyAe cauvihIe buddhie uvaveyA, tassa tattiyAI paiNNagasahassAhiM / patteyabuddhA vi tattiyA ceva / -nandI sUtra; 51 '2. iha yadbhagavadarhadupadipaSTaM zrutamanusRtya bhagavataH zramaNA viracaya nti tatsarva prakIraNakamucyate / athavA zrutamanusaranto yadAtmano vacanakauzalena dharmadezanAviSu granthapaddhatirUpatayA bhASante tadapi sarvaprakIrNam / -abhidhAna rAjendra, paMcama bhAga, pR0 3

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170 jainAgama digdarzana aupacArikatayA tIrthaGkara ke ziSya kahe bhI jA sakate haiM; ataH pratyekabuddhoM dvArA prakIrNaka-racanA kI saMgatatA vyAhRta nahIM hotii|' prApta prakIrNaka vartamAna meM jo mukhya-mukhya prakIrNaka saMjJaka kRtiyAM prApta haiM, ve saMkhyA meM daza haiM : 1. causaraNa (catuHzaraNa), 2. pAura-paccakkhANa (Atura-pratyAkhyAna), 3. mahApaccakkhANa (mahA-pratyAkhyAna), 4. bhatta-pariNNA (bhakta-parijJA), 5. tandulaveyAliya (tandulavaicArika), 6. sathAraga (saMstAraka), 7. gacchAyAra (gacchAcAra), 8. gaNivijjA (gaNi-vidyA), 6. deviMda-thaya (devendra-stava), 10. maraNasamAhI (mrnn-smaadhi)| 1. causaraNa (catuHzaraNa) jana paramparA meM ahat, siddha, sAdhu aura jina prarUpita dharma; ye cAra zaraNa pAzrayabhUta mAne gaye haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina saMskRti ke ye aAdhAra-stambha haiN| inhIM cAra ke AdhAra para isa prakIrNaka kA nAma 'catuHzaraNa' rakhA gayA hai| duSkRta tyAjya haiM, sukRta grAhya; yaha dharma kA sandeza hai| isa prakaraNa meM duSkRtoM ko nindita batAyA gayA hai aura sukRtoM ko prazAnta, jisakA Azaya hai ki manuSya ko asat kArya na kara satkArya karane meM tatpara rahanA caahie| isako kuzalAnubandhI adhyayana bhI kahA jAtA hai, jisakA abhiprAya hai ki yaha kuzala-sukRta yA puNya kI anubaddhatA kA sAdhaka hai| ise tInoM sandhyAyoM meM dhyAna kiye jAne yogya batAyA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha prakIrNaka vizeSa upAdeya mAnA jAtA rahA hai| catuHzaraNa kI antima gAthA meM zrI vIrabhadra kA 1. pratyekabuddhAnAM ziSyabhAvo virudhyate, tadetadasamIcInama, yataH pravrAjakAcAryamevAdhikRtya ziSyamAvo niSiSyate, na tu tIrthakaropadiSTazAsanapratipannatvenApi, tato na kshciddoH|| -abhidhAna rAjendra, paMcama bhAga, pR. 4

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paitAlIsa mAgama 171 nAmollekha hai, jisase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ve isake racayitA rahe hoN| zrI bhuvanatuga dvArA vRtti kI racanA kI gayI aura zrI guNaratna dvArA avacUri kii| 2. pAura-paccakkhANa (prAtura-pratyAkhyAna) nAma : prAzaya : viSaya | Atura zabda sAmAnyataH roga-grasta-vAcI hai| AturAvasthA meM manuSya kI do prakAra kI mAnasika avasthAeM sambhAvita haiN| jinheM deha, daihika bhoga aura laukika eSaNAoM meM Asakti hotI hai, ve sAMsArika mohAcchanna manaH-sthiti meM rahate haiN| bhukta bhogoM kI smRti aura aprApta bhogoM kI lAlasA meM unakA mana pAkula banA rahatA hai| apane antima kAla meM bhI ve isIliye pratyAkhyAnonmukha nahIM ho paate| saMsAra meM adhikAMza loga isI prakAra ke haiN| antataH maranA to hotA hI hai, mara jAte haiN| vaisA maraNa bAla-maraNa kahA jAtA hai| yahAM bAla kA abhiprAya ajJAnI se hai| dUsare prakAra ke ve vyakti haiM, jo bhoga tathA deha kI nazvaratA kA cintana karate hae prAtma-svabhAvonmakha banate haiN| daihika kaSTa tathA roga-janita vedanA ko ve prAtma-bala se sahate jAte haiM aura apane bhautika jIvana kI isa antima avasthA meM khAdya, peya Adi kA parivarjana kara, AmaraNa anazana, jo mahAn prAtma-bala kA dyotaka hai, apanA kara zuddha caitanya meM lIna hote hue deha-tyAga karate haiN| jaina paribhASA meM yaha 'paNDita-maraNa' kahA jAtA hai / prastuta prakIrNaka meM bAla-maraNa tathA paNDita-maraNa kA vivecana hai, jisakI sthiti prAyaH AturAvasthA meM banatI hai / sambhavataH isI pRSTha-bhUmi ke AdhAra para isakA nAma prAtUra-pratyAkhyAna rakhA gayA ho| isameM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki pratyAkhyAna se hI sadagati yA zAzvata zAnti sadhatI hai| catuHzaraNa kI taraha isake bhI racayitA zrI vIrabhadra kahe jAte haiM aura usI kI taraha zrI bhuvanatuga dvArA vRtti tathA zrI guNaratna dvArA avacUri kI racanA kI gyii|

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172 nAma : zrabhiprAya 3. mahApaccavakhAraNa ( mahApratyAkhyAna ) jainAgama digdarzana asat azubha yA prakaraNIya kA pratyAkhyAna yA tyAga jIvana kI yathArtha saphalatA kA paripoSaka hai / yaha tathya hI vaha prAdhAra - zilA hai, jisa para dharmAcaraNa TikA hai / prastuta kRti meM isI pRSTha bhUmi para duSkRta kI nindA kI gayI hai| tyAga ke mahAn Adarza kI upAdeyatA kA isameM vizeSa rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai / sambhavataH isI kAraNa isakI saMjJA mahA pratyAkhyAna kI gayI / viSaya-vastu paudgalika bhogoM kA moha yA lolupa bhAva vyakti ko pavitra tathA saMyata jIvana nahIM apanAne detaa| paudgalika bhogoM se prANI kabhI tRpta nahIM ho sakatA / unase saMsAra bhramaNa uttarottara bar3hatA hI jAtA hai / etanmUlaka viSayoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue prastuta kRti meM mAyA kA varjana, titikSA evaM vairAgya ke hetu, paMca mahAvrata, grArAdhanA Adi viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / antataH yahI siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki pratyAkhyAna hI siddhi prApta karane kA hetu hai / prastuta prakIrNaka meM eka sau bayAlIsa gAthAeM haiM / 4. matta - pariNNA (bhakta-parijJA) nAmaH zrAzaya bhakta bhojana vAcI hai aura parijJA kA sAmAnya artha jJAna, viveka yA pahicAna hai / sthAnAMga sUtra meM parijJA kA eka vizeSa artha 'jJAnapUrvaka pratyAkhyAna' kiyA gayA hai | jaina dharma meM bhakta-parijJA anazanapUrvaka maraNa ke bhedoM meM se eka hai / prAtura- pratyAkhyAna ke sandarbha meM jaisA ki vivecana kiyA gayA hai, rugNAvasthA meM sAdhaka AmaraNa anazana svIkAra kara paNDita-maraNa prApta karatA hai, bhakta-parijJA kI sthiti usase kucha bhinna pratIta hotI hai | vahAM daihika asvasthatA kI sthiti kA vizeSa sambandha nahIM hai /

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paitAlIsa prAgama 173 sadasad-vivekapUrvaka sAdhaka AmaraNa anazana dvArA deha-tyAga karatA hai / dharma-saMgraha nAmaka jaina AcAra-viSayaka grantha ke tRtIya adhikaraNa meM isa sambandha meM vizada varNana hai| prastuta prakIrNaka meM anyAnya viSayoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhakta-parijJA kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana hai| mukhyataH usI ko AdhAra mAna kara prastuta prakIrNaka kA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai| prakIrNaka kA kalevara eka sau bahattara gAthAmaya hai| isameM bhaktaparijJA ke sAtha-sAtha iMginI aura pAdopagamana kA bhI vivecana hai, jo usI (bhakta-parijJA) kI taraha vivekapUrvaka azana-tyAga dvArA prApta kiye jAne vAle maraNa-bheda haiN| isa koTi ke paNDita-maraNa ke ye tIna bheda mAne gaye haiN| kanipaya mahatvapUrNa prasaMga prakIrNaka meM darzana (zraddhA-tattva-AsthA) ko bahuta mahatvapUrNa batAyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jo darzana-bhraSTa ho jAte haiM, unheM nirvANa-lAbha nahIM ho sktaa| sAdhakoM ke aise aneka udAharaNa upasthita kiye gaye haiM, jinhoMne asahya kaSToM tathA pariSahoM ko prAtmabala ke sahAre bhelate hue antataH siddhi lAbha kiyaa| manonigraha para bahata bala diyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki sAdhanA meM sthira hone ke lie mana kA nigraha yA niyantraNa atyanta Avazyaka hai| yahAM mana ko markaTa kI taraha capala tathA kSaNa bhara bhI zAnta nahIM raha sakane vAlA batAyA hai| usakA viSaya-vAsanA se pare honA duSkara hai| striyoM kI isa prakIrNaka meM kar3e zabdoM meM carcA kI gayI hai| unheM sarpiNI se upamita kiyA gayA hai / unheM zoka-sarit, avizvAsa bhUmi, pApa-guhA aura kapaTa-kuTIra jaise hIna nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakIrNaka ke racanAkAra zrI vIrabhadra mAne jAte hai / zrI -guNaratna dvArA avacUri kI racanA kI gyii|

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174 jainAgama digdarzana 5, taMdulaveyAliya (tandulavaicArika) nAma : artha tandula aura vaicArika; ina do zabdoM kA isameM samAveza hai| tandUla kA artha cAvala hotA hai aura vaicArika spaSTa hai hii| prastuta prakIrNaka ke isa nAma ke sambandha meM kalpanA hai ki sau varSa kA vRddha puruSa eka dina meM jitane tandula khAtA hai, unakI saMkhyA ko upalakSita kara yaha nAmakaraNa huA hai|' kalpanA kA prAzaya bahuta spaSTa to nahIM hai, para, usakA bhAva yaha rahA ho ki sau varSa ke vRddha puruSa dvArA pratidina jitane cAvala khAye jA sakate haiM, ve gaNanA yogya hote haiM / kyoMki vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa sahaja hI usakI bhojana-mAtrA bahuta kama ho jAtI hai / arthAt eka sasIma saMkhyA-krama isase pratidhvanita hotA hai| prakIrNaka pAMca sau chayAsI gAthAoM kA kalevara liye hue hai| isameM jIvoM kA garbha meM AhAra, svarUpa, zvAsocchvAsa kA parimANa, zarIra meM sandhiyoM kI sthiti va svarUpa, nAr3iyoM kA parimAraNe, romakUpa, pitta, rudhira, zukra Adi kA vivecana hai / ve to mukhya viSaya haiM hI, sAtha-sAtha garbha kA samaya, mAtA-pitA ke aMga, jIva kI bAlA, krIDA, mandA Adi daza dazAeM, dharma ke adhyavasAya Adi aura bhI aneka sambaddha viSaya varNita haiN| nArI kA hIna rekhA-citra prastuta prakIrNaka meM prasaMgopAtta nArI kA bahuta ghRNotpAdaka va bhayAnaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / kahA gayA hai ki nArI sahasroM aparAdhoM kA ghara hai / vaha kapaTa-pUrNa prema rUpI parvata se nikalane vAlI nadI hai| vaha duzcaritra kA adhiSThAna hai| sAdhuoM ke lie vaha zatrurUpA hai| vyAghrI kI taraha vaha krU rahRdayA hai| jisa prakAra kAle nAga kA vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usI prakAra vaha avizvasya hai / 1. tandulAnAM varSazatAyuSkapuruSapratidinabhogyAnAM saMkhyAvicAreNopalakSitaM tandula-vaicArikam / abhidhAna rAjendra; caturtha bhAga, pR0 2168

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paitAlIsa mAgama 175 "ucchakhala ghor3e ko jisa prakAra damita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usI prakAra vaha durdama hai| kucha vicitra vyutpattiyA~ nArI-nindA ke prasaMga meM nArI-artha-dyotaka zabdoM kI kucha vicitra vyutpattiyAM dI gayI haiN| jaise, nArI ke paryAyavAcI 'pramadA' zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai : 'purise matta karaMti tti pmyaayo|' arthAt puruSoM ko matta-kAmonmatta banA detI hai, isalie ve pramadAeM kahI jAtI haiN| mahilA zabda kI vyutpati isa prakAra kI gayI hai : 'NANAvihehi kammehiM sippaiyAehiM pUrise mohaMti tti mhilaao|' aneka prakAra ke zilpa Adi karmoM dvArA puruSoM ko mohita karane ke kAraNa ve "mahilAeM kahI jAtI haiN| prAkRta meM mahilA ke sAtha 'mahiliyA' prayoga bhI nArI ke artha meM hai| svArthika 'ka' jor3akara yaha zabda niSpanna huA hai| isakA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai : 'mahaMtaM kaliM jaNayaMti tti mahiliyAno' meM mahAn kalaha utpanna karatI haiM, isalie unheM 'mahiliyAno' saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ... 'rAmA' kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai : 'purise hAvabhAvamAiehiM ramaMti tti raamaao|' hAva-bhAva Adi dvArA puruSoM ko ramya pratIta hone ke kAraNa ve rAmA kahIM jAtI haiN| ___aMganA kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI gayI hai : 'purise aMgApurAe kariti tti aNgnnaagro|' arthAt puruSoM ke aMgoM meM anurAga utpanna karane ke kAraNa ve aMganAeM kahalAtI haiN| nArI zabda kI vyutpati meM kahA gayA hai : 'nArIsamA na narANaM arImo tti naariiyo|' nAriyoM ke sadRza puruSoM ke lie koI arizatru nahIM hai, isa hetu ve nArI zabda se saMjJita haiN| ina vyutpattiyoM se granthakAra kA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa spaSTa pratibhASita hotA hai ki nArI kevala nAmopakaraNa hai| nArI ko eka kutsita aura bIbhatsa padArtha ke rUpa meM citrita karane ke pIche

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176 jainAgama digdarzana sambhavataH yahI Azaya rahA ho ki mAnava kAma se-kAminI se itanA bhayAkrAnta ho jAe ki usakA aura usakA AkarSaNa hI miTa jaae| astu, yaha eka prakAra to hai, para, sUkSma manovaijJAnika dRSTi se isakI upAdeyatA sandigdha evaM vivAdAspada hai| prastuta prakIrNaka para eka vRtti kI racanA huI, jisake lekhaka zrIvijaya-vimala haiN| 6. saMthAraga (saMstAraka) jo bhUmi para saMstIrNa yA AstINaM kiyA jAe-bichAyA jAe, vaha saMstAra yA saMstAraka kahA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM isakA eka pAribhASika artha hai / jo paryanta-kriyA karane ko udyata hote haiM, Atmonmukha hote hue anazana dvArA deha-tyAga karanA cAhate haiM, ve bhUmi para darbha Adi se saMstAra-saMstAraka arthAt bichaunA taiyAra karate haiM, usa para leTate haiN| usa saMstAraka para deha-tyAga karate hue jIvana kA vaha sAdhya sAdhane meM saphala hote haiM, jisake lie ve yAvajjIvana sAdhanA-nirata tathA yatnavAn rahe / usa bichaune para sthita hote hae ve saMsAra-sAgara ko taira jAte haiM; ataH saMstAraka kA artha saMsAra-sAgara ko tairA dene vAlA, usake pAra lagAne vAlA kareM, to bhI asaMgata nahIM lgtaa| prakIrNaka meM antima samaya meM prAtmArAdhanA-nirata sAdhaka dvArA saMyojita isa prakriyA kA vivecana hai| .. eka sau teIsa gAthAoM meM yaha prakIrNaka vibhakta hai| isameM saMstAraka kI prazastatA kA bar3e sundara zabdoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra maNiyoM meM vairya maNi, surabhimaya padArthoM meM gozIrSa candana tathA ratnoM meM hIrA uttama hai, usI prakAra sAdhanAkramoM meM saMstAraka parama zreSTha hai| aura bhI bar3e udbodhaka zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki taNoM kA saMstAraka bichA kara usa para sthita huA 1. saMstIryate bhUpIThe zayAlubhiriti saMstAraH sa eva saMstArakaH / paryantakriyAM kurvadbhirda divirastaraNe, tatkriyApratipAdana-rUpe prkiirnnkanve| -abhidhAna rAjendra; saptama bhAga, pR0 165

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paitAlIsa prAgama zramaNa mokSa-sukha kI anubhUti karatA hai| isa prakIrNaka meM aise aneka muniyoM ke kathAnaka diye gaye haiM, jinhoMne saMstAraka para AsIna hokara paNDita-maraNa prApta kiyaa| zrI gaNaratna ne isa para pravacuri kI racanA kii| 7. gacchAyAra (gacchAcAra) gaccha eka paramparA yA eka vyavasthA meM rahane vAle yA calane vAle samudAya kA sUcaka hai, jo prAcArya dvArA anuzAsita hotA hai| jaba aneka vyakti eka sAtha sAmudAyika yA sAmUhika jIvana jIte hai, to kucha aise niyama, paramparAe~, vyavasthAeM mAnakara calanA par3atA hai, jisase sAmUhika jIvana samIcInatA, svasthatA tathA zAnti se calatA jaae| zramaNa-saMgha ke lie bhI yahI bAta hai| eka saMgha yA gaccha meM rahane vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko kucha vizeSa paramparAoM tathA maryAdAoM ko lekara calanA hotA hai, jinakA sambandha sAdhvAcAra, anuzAsana, pArasparika sahayoga, sevA aura saumanasyapUrNa vyavahAra se hai / sAmaSTika rUpa meM vahI saba sampradAya, gaNa yA gaccha kA prAcAra kahA jAtA hai / Adhunika bhASA meM use saMghIya AcAra-saMhitA ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta prakIrNaka meM inhIM saba pahaluoM kA varNana hai| prakIrNaka meM kula eka sau saiMtIsa gAthAeM haiM, jinameM katipaya anuSTubh chanda meM racita haiM tathA katipaya AryA chanda meM / mahAnizItha, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra Adi cheda-sUtroM kA varNana pahale kiyA gayA hai, jinameM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra, unake dvArA jJAta-ajJAta rUpa meM sevita doSa, tadartha prAyazcitta-vidhAna Adi se sambaddha viSaya vaNita haiN| kahA jAtA hai, ina granthoM se yathApekSa sAmagrI saMcIrNa kara eka gaccha meM rahane vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke hita kI dRSTi se isa prakIrNaka kI racanA kI gyii| isameM gaccha, gaccha ke sAdhu, sAdhvI, prAcArya, una saba ke pArasparika vyavahAra, niyamana Adi kA vizada vivecana hai|

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178 bainAgama digdarzana gaccha ke nAyaka yA prAcArya ke varNana prasaMga meM eka sthAna para ullekha hai ki jo prAcArya svayaM prAcAra-bhraSTa haiM, bhraSTAcAriyoM kA niyaMtraNa nahIM karate arthAt prAcAra bhraSTatA kI upekSA karate haiM, svayaM unmArgagAmI haiM, ve mArga aura gaccha kA nAza karane vAle haiM / jyAyAn evaM kanIyAn sAdhuoM ke pArasparika vaiyAvRtya, vinaya, sevA, Adara, sadbhAva Adi kA bhI isa grantha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| brahmacarya-pAlana meM sadA jAgarUka rahane kI ora zramaNavRnda ko prerita kiyA gayA hai| batAyA gayA hai ki vaya se vRddha hone para bhI zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke sAtha vArtAlApa meM saMlagna nahIM hote| zramaNiyoM kA saMsarga zramaNoM ke lie viSa-tulya hai| viSaya ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki ho sakatA hai, har3hacetA sthavira ke citta meM sthiratA-dRr3hatA ho, para, jisa prakAra ghRta agni ke samIpa rahane para dravita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra sthavira ke saMsarga se sAdhvI kA citta dravita ho jAye, usameM durbalatA ubhara aaye| vaisI sthiti meM, jaisA ki prAzaMkita hai, yadi sthavira apanA dhairya kho baiThe, to vaha ThIka vaisI dazA meM Apatita ho jAtA hai, jaise kapha meM prAlipta makSikA / antataH yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko bAlA, vRddhA, bahina, putrI aura dohitrI taka kI nikaTatA nahIM hone denI caahie| vyAkhyA-sAhitya zrI Ananda vimalasUri ke ziSya zrI vijayavimala gaNI ne gacchAcAra para TIkA kI racanA kii| TIkAkAra ne eka prasaMga meM ullekha kiyA hai ki varAhamihira AcArya bhadrabAhu ke bhAI the| isa sambandha meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke itivRtta ke sandarbha meM carcA kI jA cukI hai, yaha itihAsa-sammata tathya nahIM hai / itihAsa para prAmANikatA, gaveSaNA tathA samIkSA kI dRSTi se dhyAna na diye jA sakane ke kAraNa isa taraha ke aprAmANika ullekhoM kA pracalana rahA ho, aisA sambhAvita lagatA hai / TIkAkAra ne yaha bhI carcA kI hai ki varAhamihira ne candraprajJapti, sUrya-prajJapti prAdi zAstroM kA adhyayana karake varAhI-saMhitA nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii|

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paiMtAlIsa bhAgama 8. gaNi-vijjA (gaNi-vidyA) ApAtataH pratIta hotA hai, isa prakIrNaka ke nAma meM AyA huA 'gaNi' zabda gaNa ke adhipati yA prAcArya ke artha meM hai; kyoMki prAkRta meM sAmAnyataH gaNi zabda kA pracalita artha aisA hI hai| saMskRta meM bhI 'gaNin' zabda isI artha meM hai| samAsa meM na kA lopa hokara kevala gaNi raha jAtA hai| vAstava meM isa prakIrNaka ke nAma meM pUrvArddha meM jo gaNi zabda hai, vaha gaNa-nAyaka ke artha meM nahIM hai| gaNi zabda kI eka anya niSpatti bhI hai| 'gaNa' dhAtu ke in pratyaya lagAkara gaNanA ke artha meM 'gaNi' zabda banAyA jAtA hai| yahAM usI kA abhipreta hai; kyoMki prastuta prakIrNaka meM gaNanA sambandhI viSaya varNita hai| yaha bayAsI gAthAoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM tithi, vAra, karaNa, muhUrta, zakuna, lagna, nakSatra, nimitta Adi jyotiSa-sambandhI viSayoM kA vivecana hai / ghaNTe ke artha meM yahAM horA zabda kA prayoga haA hai| 6. devida-thaya (devendra-stava) eka zrAvaka cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko vandana karatA huA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI stavanA karatA hai| zrAvaka kI gRhiNI usa samaya apane pati se indra Adi ke viSaya meM jijJAsA karatI hai| vaha zrAvaka kalpopapanna tathA kalpAtIta devatAoM Adi kA varNana karatA hai / yahI saba isa prakIrNaka kA varNya viSaya hai| pichale kaI prakIrNakoM kI taraha isa prakIrNaka ke racanAkAra bhI zrI vIrabhadra kahe jAte haiM / isameM tIna sau sAta gAthAeM samAviSTa haiN| 10. maraNa-samAhI (maraNa-samAdhi) maraNa, jisakA kabhI-na-kabhI sabako sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, jisase sabhI sadA bhayAkrAnta rahate haiM, jisake smaraNa mAtra se deha meM eka siharana-sI daur3a jAtI hai, ko parama sukhamaya banAne hetu jaina darzana ne gambhIra aura sUkSma cintana kiyA hai tathA unake lie eka prazasta mArga-darzana diyA hai tAki mRtyu mAnava ke lie bhIti ke sthAna para mahotsava bana jaae| samAdhi-maraNa usI kA upakrama hai|

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180 nAgama digdarzana __mAnasika sthiratA, AtmonmukhatA, zuddha cintanapUrvaka dehAsaktivajita maraNa samAdhi-maraNa hai| vahAM khAna-pAna Adi saba kucha sahaja bhAva se parityakta ho jAte haiN| sAdhaka prAtma-anAtma ke bheda-vijJAna kI koTi meM pahuMcane lagatA hai| aisI antaH-sthiti utpanna ho, jIvana meM yathArthagAmitA vyApta ho jAe, etadartha cintanazIla manISiyoM ne kucha vyavasthita vidhi-krama diye haiM, jo na kevala zAstrAnuzIlana, apitu unake jIvana-satya ke sAkSAtkAra se prasUta haiN| isa prakIrNaka meM samAdhi-maraNa usake bheda Adi kA isI pariprekSya meM tAtvika evaM vizada vivecana hai| kalevara : viSaya-vastu prastuta prakIrNaka chaH sau tiresaTha gAthAoM kA zabda-kalevara liye hue hai / parimANa meM dazoM prakIrNaka granthoM meM yaha saba se vRhat hai| varNya-viSaya se sambaddha bhakta-parijJA, pAtura-pratyAkhyAna, mahA-pratyAkhyAna, maraNa-vibhakti, maraNa-vizodhi, ArAdhanA prabhRti aneka-vidha zrutasamudaya ke AdhAra para isa prakIrNaka kA sarjana huA hai| garu aura ziSya ke saMvAda ke sAtha isa grantha kA prArambha hotA hai| ziSya ko samAdhi-maraNa ke sambandha meM jijJAsA hotI hai / guru usake samAdhAna meM ArAdhanA, AlocanA, saMlekhanA, utsarga, avakAza, saMstAraka, nisarga, pAdapopagamana Adi caudaha dvAroM ke mAdhyama se samAdhi-maraNa kA vistRta vizleSaNa karate haiN| anazana-tapa kI vyAkhyA, saMlekhanA-vidhi, paNDita-maraNa ke svarUpa Adi kA isa prakIrNaka meM samAveza hai, jo prAtma-sAdhakoM ke lie kevala paThanIya hI nahIM, Antarika dRSTi se bhI vicAraNIya hai| prAsaMgika rUpa meM isameM una mahApuruSoM ke dRSTAnta upasthita kiye gaye haiM, jinhoMne parISahoM ko samabhAva se sahate hue pAdapopagamana Adi tapa dvArA siddhi prApta kii| dharma-tattvopadeza ke sandarbha meM aura bhI aneka dRSTAnta upasthita kiye gaye haiM / bAraha bhAvanAoM ke vivecana ke sAtha yaha prakIrNaka samApta hotA hai| ___ daza prakIrNakoM para yaha saMkSipta UhApoha hai| inake atirikta aura bhI katipaya prakIrNaka haiM, jinameM RSi-bhASita, tIrthodgAra

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'paitAlIsa prAgama parijJA, AjIvakalpa, siddhaprAbhRta, ArAdhanA-patAkA, dvIpa-sAgaraprajJapti, jyotiSa-karaNDaka, aMga-vidyA tathA yoni-prAbhRta; Adi ullekhanIya haiN| upasaMhAra __ zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya dvArA mukhyatayA nimnAMkita paiMtAlIsa Agama svIkRta haiM, jinakA pichale pRSThoM meM vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai : aMga-11, upAMga-12, cheda-6, mUla-4, nandI-anuyoga dvAra-2, prakIrNaka-10 / kul-45| anya prakIrNaka granthoM ke milAne para inakI saMkhyA caurAsI taka ho gyii| kisI samaya zvetAmbara matipUjaka sampradAya ke gacchoM kI saMkhyA bhI caurAsI thI / ho sakatA hai, isa saMkhyA ne bhI vaisA karane kI preraNA dI ho| .. zvetAmbara sampradAyoM ke antargata sthAnakavAsI sampradAya tathA terApaMtha sampradAya dvArA upayukta paiMtAlIsa prAgamoM meM se battIsa Agama prAmANika rUpa meM svIkAra kiye jAte haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : aMga-11 upAMga-12 cheda-4-1-nizItha, 2-vyavahAra, 3-bRhatkalpa, 4-dazAzrutaskandha mUla-4-1-dazavaikAlika, 2-uttarAdhyayana, 3-anuyoga-dvAra, - 4-nandI aavshyk-1| kula 32

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prAgamoM para vyAkhyA-sAhitya prayojana . Arya-bhASA-parivAra ke antargata chandasa ke vizleSaNa tathA jaina upAMga-sAhitya ke vivecana ke sandarbha meM vedoM ke aMga, upAMga Adi kI carcA kI gayI hai| vedoM ko yathAvat rUpa meM samajhane ke lie unake chaH aMga, upAMga yA vidyA-sthAna purANa, nyAya, mImAMsA evaM dharmazAstra kA prayojana hai / sAtha-sAtha brAhmaNa-granthoM tathA unase udbhUta sUtra-granthoM' evaM sAyaNa Adi prAcAryoM dvArA racita bhASyoM kI bhI upayogitA hai| isa vAGamaya kA bhalI-bhAMti adhyayana kiye binA yaha zakya nahIM hai ki vedoM kA hArda sahI rUpa meM AtmasAt kiyA jA ske| vedoM ke sAtha jo sthiti upayukta agopAMga evaM bhASyasAhitya kI hai, vahI pAli-piTakoM ke sAtha prAcArya buddhaghoSa, prAcArya buddhadatta, prAcArya dhammapAla Adi dvArA racita aTThakathAoM kI hai| piTaka-sAhitya ke talasparzI jJAna ke lie ina aTThakathAoM kA adhyayana nitAnta Avazyaka hai| prAkRta jaina AgamoM ke sAtha unake vyAkhyA-sAhitya kI bhI isI prakAra kI sthiti hai / usakI sahAyatA yA AdhAra ke binA AgamoM kA hArda yathAvat rUpa meM gRhIta kiyA jAnA kaThina hai| 1. sUtra-prantha sthUla rUpa meM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai : 1-zrauta sUtra, 2-2 hya sUtra, 3-dharmasUtra tathA 4-zulva sUtra /

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zrAgamoM para vyAkhyA - sAhitya 183 vAcanA-: jaina AgamoM kI apanI vizeSa pAribhASika zailI hai / aneka -AgamoM meM atyanta sUkSma tathA gambhIra viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai; zrataH yaha kama sambhava hai ki unheM sIdhA samyaktayA samajhA jA ske| inake atirikta AgamoM kI durUhatA bar3ha jAne kA eka aura kAraNa hai / unameM T-bheda se sthAna-sthAna para pATha - bhinnatA bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai / tadviSayaka paramparAeM Aja prApta nahIM haiM; ataH Agama-gata viSayoM kI samucita saMgati biThAte hue unakA abhiprAya yathAvat pakar3a pAnA sarala nahIM hai / vyAkhyAkAroM ne isa sandarbha meM sthAna-sthAna para spaSTIkaraNa dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jisase Agama- adhyetAoM ko unake adhyayana, anuzIlana aura unakA abhiprAya svAyatta karane meM suvidhA ho / vyAkhyAoM kI vidhAeM : jaina AcAryoM kA isa ora satata prayatna rahA ki zrAgama gata tattva pAThakoM dvArA sahI rUpa meM AtmasAt kiyA jAtA rahe / yahI kAraNa hai ki zrAgamoM ke vyAkhyA paraka sAhitya ke sarjana meM ve sadAkRtaprayatna rahe / phalata: niryukti, bhASya, cUrNi, TIkA, vRtti, dIpikA, vyAkhyA, vivecana, vivaraNa, avacUri, paMjikA, bAlAvabodha, vacanikA tathA TabbA Adi vividha prakAra kA vipula vyAkhyA sAhitya prApta hai / bahuta-sA prakAza meM AyA hai tathA anya bahuta-sA prakAzana kI pratIkSA meM bhaNDAroM meM maMjUSAtroM tathA puTThoM meM Aja bhI pratibaddha hai / vyAkhyA - sAhitya meM niyuktiyoM tathA bhASyoM kI racanA prAkRta bhASA meM huii| cUrNiyAM yadyapi prAkRta saMskRta kA mizrita rUpa liye hue hai, para, vahAM mukhyatayA prAkRta kA prayoga haiN| kucha TIkAeM bhI prAkRta - nibaddha yA prAkRta saMskRta - mizrita haiM / adhikAMza TIkAeM saMskRta meM haiM / isa prakAra AgamoM ke atirikta unase sambaddha prAkRta-sAhitya kI ye cAra vidhAeM aura haiM / AgamoM sahita usake pAMca prakAra hote haiM, jise paMcAMgI sAhitya kahA jAtA hai / prAkRta ke vikAsa ke vibhinna staroM, rUpoM Adi kA avabodha, bhASA - zAstrIya dRSTi se prAkRta kA sUkSma parizIlana, zrAgamagata jaina

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184 jainAgama digdarzana darzana evaM prAcAra-zAstra ke vividha pakSoM ke prAmANika tathA zodhapUrNa adhyayana Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se isa paMcAMgI sAhitya ke vyApaka aura gambhIra parizIlana kI vAstava meM bahuta upayogitA hai| nijjutti (niyukti) vyAkhyAkAra AcAryoM va vidvAnoM ke anusAra sUtroM meM jo niyukta hai, nizcita kiyA huA hai, vaha artha jisameM nibaddha ho-samIcInatayA sanivezita ho-yathAvat rUpa meM nirdiSTa ho, use niyukti kahA jAtA hai| niyuktikAra isa nizcaya ko lekara calate haiM ki ve sUtroM kA sahI tathya yathAvat rUpa meM prastuta kareM, jisase pAThaka sUtragata viSaya sahI rUpa meM hRdgata kara ske| para. jisa saMkSipta aura saMketamaya zailI meM niyuktiyAM likhI gayI haiM, usase yaha kama sambhava lagatA hai ki unheM bhI binA vyAkhyA ke sahajatayA samajhA jA ske| yadyapi vivecya viSayoM ko samajhAne ke hetu aneka udAharaNoM, dRSTAntoM tathA kathAnakoM kA unameM prayoga harA hai, para, unakA saMketa jaisA kara diyA gayA hai, spaSTa aura vizada varNana nahIM miltaa| aisI mAnyatA hai ki niyuktiyoM kI racanA kA AdhAra guru-paramparA prApta pUrva-mUlaka vAGamaya rahA hai| .. zramaNavRnda Agamika viSayoM ko sahajatayA mukhAgra rakha sake, niyuktiyoM kI racanA ke pIche sambhavataH yaha bhI eka hetu rahA ho / ye AryAchanda meM gAthAoM meM haiN| isalie inheM kaNThastha rakhane meM apekSAkRta adhika sugamatA rahatI hai| kathAeM, dRSTAnta Adi kA bhI saMkSepa meM ullekha yA saMketa kiyA hayA hai| usase ve mUla rUpa meM upadeSTA zramaNoM ke dhyAna meM A jAte haiM, jinase ve unheM vistAra se vyAkhyAta kara sakate haiN| aitihAsikatA ... vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM niyuktiyAM sarvAdhika prAcIna haiN| piNDaniyukti tathA ogha-niyukti kI gaNanA prAgamoM ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pAMcavI I0 zatI meM valabhI meM haI Agama-vAcanA, jisameM antataH prAgamoM kA saMkalana evaM nirdhAraNa

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zrAgamoM para vyAkhyA - sAhitya 185 huA, usase pUrva hI niyuktiyoM kI racanA prArambha ho gayI thI / pramukha naiyAyika dvAdazAra-naya-cakra ke racayitA zrAcArya mallavAdI ne apanI racanA meM niyukti -gAthA uddhRta kI hai, jisase mallavAdI se pUrva niyuktiyoM kA racA jAnA pramANita hotA hai| mallavAdI kA samaya vikrama kA paMcama zataka mAnA jAtA hai / niyuktiyAM : racanAkAra 1. AcArAMga, 2. sUtrakRtAMga, 3. sUryaprajJapti, 4. vyavahAra, 5. kalpa, 6. dazAzrutaskandha, 7. uttarAdhyayana, 8. zrAvazyaka, 6. dazavaikAlika, 10. RSibhASita; ina daza sUtroM para niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI gayI hai / sUryaprajJapti tathA RSibhASita kI niyuktiyAM prApya haiM / niyuktikAra ke rUpa meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA nAma prasiddha hai | para, zrutakevalI ( antima caturdaza pUrvaghara) prAcArya bhadrabAhu jinhoMne chedasUtroM kI racanA kI aura niyuktikAra AcArya bhadrabAhu eka nahIM haiM / bahuta bar3I kaThinAI yaha prAtI hai ki aneka AAgamoM para racita niyukti tathA bhASya kI gAthAeM sthAna-sthAna para eka-dUsare se itanI mila gayI haiM ki unheM pRthak kara pAnA duHzakya hai / cUrNikAra bhI vaisA nahIM kara pAye / niyuktiyoM meM prasaMgopAtta jainoM ke paramparA prApta pracAravicAra, jaina tatva- jJAna ke aneka viSaya, aneka paurANika paramparAeM, aitihAsika ghaTanAe~ ( aMzataH aitihAsika, aMzataH paurANika), isa prakAra kI vimizrita mAnyatAeM varNita huI haiN| jaina saMskRti, jIvanavyavahAra tathA cintana krama ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se niyuktiyoM kA mahatva hai / niyuktiyoM meM vizeSataH arddha - mAgadhI prAkRta kA vyavahAra huA hai / prAkRta kI bhASA - zAstrIya gaveSaNA ke sandarbha meM bhI ye vizeSataH adhyetavya haiM / mAsa (mAdhya) AgamoM ke tAtparya ko aura adhika spaSTa karane ke hetu bhASyoM kI racanA huI / inakI racanA - zailI bhI lagabhaga vaisI hai, jaisI niryu - ktiyoM kI / ye prAkRta-gAthAoM meM likhe gaye haiN| niyuktiyoM kI taraha

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186 janAgama digdarzana inameM bhI saMkSipta vivecana-paddhati ko apanAyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra niyuktiyoM kI racanA meM arddha-mAgadhI prAkRta kA prayoga huaA hai, inameM bhI pradhAnataH vaisA hI hai| kahIM-kahIM arddhamAgadhI ke sAtha-sAtha mAgadhI aura zaurasenI prAkRta ke bhI kucha rUpa dRSTigata hote haiN| racanA : racayitA ___ mukhyatayA jina sUtroM para bhASyoM kI racanA huI, ve isa prakAra haiM.-1. nizItha, 2. vyavahAra, 3. bRhatkalpa, 4 paMca kalpa, 5. jItakalpa, 6. uttarAdhyayana, 7. Avazyaka, 8. dazavaikAlika, 6. piNDa-niyukti tathA 10. aogha-niyukti / nizItha, vyavahAra aura bRhatkalpa ke bhASya aneka dRSTiyoM se atyadhika mahattva liye hae haiN| inake racayitA zrI saMghadAsa gaNI kSamAzramaNa mAne jAte haiN| kahA jAtA hai, ye yAkinImahattarA-sUnu prAcArya haribhadrasUri ke samasAmayika the| Avazyaka sUtra para laghubhASya, mahAbhASya tathA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI racanAeM kI gyiiN| aneka viSayoM kA vizada samAveza hone ke kAraNa vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA jaina sAhitya meM atyanta mahatva hai| isake racayitA zrI jinabhadra gaNI kSamAzramaNa haiN| jItakalpa tathA usake svopajJa-bhASya ke kartA bhI zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa hI haiN| bhASya-sAhitya meM prAcIna zramaNa-jIvana aura saMgha se sambaddha aneka mahatvapUrNa sUcanAeM prApta hotI haiN| nirgranthoM ke prAcIna AcAra, vyavahAra, vidhi-krama, rIti-nIti, prAyazcittapUrvaka zuddhi; ityAdi viSayoM ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana evaM anusandhAna ke gandarbha meM nizItha, vyavahAra aura bRhatkalpa-bhASya kA adhyayana nitAnta upayogI hai| inameM vividha-prasaMgoM para isa prakAra ke upayogI saMketa prApta hote haiM, jinase nirgranthoM kI prAcAra-zRkhalA ko jor3ane vAlI aneka kar3iyAM prakAza meM AtI haiN| cuNi (cariMga) udbhava : lakSaNa AgamoM para niyukti tathA bhASya ke rUpa meM prAkRta-gAthAoM meM vyAkhyAparaka granthoM kI racanA huii| unase AgamoM kA prAzaya vistAra

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prAgamoM para vyAkhyA-sAhitya 17 tathA vizadatA ke sAtha adhigata kiyA jA sake, vaisA zakya nahIM thaa| kyoMki donoM racanAe padyAtmaka thiiN| vastutaH vyAkhyA jitanI spaSTa, bodhagamya tathA hRdya gadya meM ho sakatI hai, padya meM vaisI ho sake, yaha sambhava nahIM ho pAtA / phira donoM (niyukti tathA bhASya) meM saMkSiptatA kA prAzrayaNa thA; ataH pravacanakAra, pravaktA yA vyAkhyAtA ke lie, jaisA ki ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha (zailI) lAbhakara thI, para, spaSTa aura vizada rUpa meM AgamoM kA hArda adhigata karane ke icchaka adhyetAoM ke lie unakA bahuta adhika upayoga nahIM thaa| ataeva gadya ke rUpa meM prAgamoM kI vyAkhyA race jAne kA eka krama pahale se hI rahA hai, jo cUNiyoM ke rUpa meM prApta hai| abhidhAna-rAjendrakAra ne cUNi kA lakSaNa evaM vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai : "pravRtti, apravRtti tathA vibhASA' ke rUpa meM jo arthabahula ho, heya-upAdeya artha kA pratipAdana karane kI mahattA yA vizeSatA se jo saMyukta ho, jisakI racanA hetu, nipAta tathA upasarga ke samanvaya se gambhIratA lie hue ho, jo avyavacchinna-zlokavat virAma-rahita ho, jo gama-naigama-nayAnuprANita ho, use caurNapada-cUNi kahA jAtA cUriNayoM kI bhASA cUrNikAra ne bhASA ke sambandha meM nayA prayoga kiyA hai| prAkRta jaina dRSTi se ArSa vAk hai; ataH use to unhoMne liyA hI hai, para, saMskRta ko bhI unhoMne grahaNa kiyA hai| darzana aura tatvajJAna Adi gambhIra evaM sUkSma viSayoM ko vidvadbhogya tathA byutpanna zailI meM vyAkhyAta karane meM saMskRta kI apanI apratima vizeSatA hai| usakA zabdakoza vaijJAnika dRSTi se vizAla hai tathA usakA vyAkaraNa zabdoM ke nava sarjana kI urvaratA liye hue hai| usakI apanI kucha viziSTa 1. vyAkaraNa ke anusAra zAbdika racanA kI sthitiyAM / 2. patthabahalaM mahatthaM, he univAprosaggagaMbhIraM / bahupAyamavocchinnaM, gamaraNayasuddha tu cunnapayaM / / -abhighAna-rAjendra; tRtIya bhAga, pR0 1165

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188 . jainAgama digdarzana zabdAvalI hai, jisake dvArA saMkSepa meM vistRta aura gahana artha vyAkhyAta kiyA jA sakatA hai| usakI vivecana-saraNi meM prabhAvApannatA aura gambhIratA hai| sUkSma aura pAribhASika (Technical) vizleSaNa kI daSTi se usakI apanI asAmAnya kSamatA hai| cUrNikAra dvArA bhASAtmaka mAdhyama ke rUpa meM prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta saMyojana ke pIche sambhavataH isI prakAra kA dRSTikoNa rahA ho, arthAt saMskRta ko ina vizeSatAoM se lAbhAnvita kyoM na huA jAe? cUNiyoM meM kiyA gayA prAkRta-saMskRta kA mizrita prayoga 'magipravAla-nyAya' se upamita kiyA gayA hai| maNiyoM aura mUgoM ko eka sAtha milA diyA jAye, to bhI ve pRthak-pRthak spaSTa dIkhate rahate haiN| yahI sthiti yahA~ donoM bhASAoM kI hai| prAkRta ko pradhAnatA ___cUNiyoM meM saMskRta aura prAkRta kA sammilita prayoga to huA, phira bhI unameM pradhAnatA prAkRta kI rhii| cUNiyoM meM yathA-prasaMga aneka prAkRta-kathAeM dI gayI haiM, jo dhArmika, sAmAjika, kiMvA laukika jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM se sambaddha haiN| cUrNikAra ko jo zabda vizeSa vyAkhyeya yA vizleSya lage haiM, unakI vyutpatti bhI prAyaH prAkRta meM hI prastuta kI gayI hai| varNya viSaya ke samarthana tathA paripuSTatA ke hetu sthAna-sthAna para prAkRta va saMskRta ke vibhinna viSayoM se sambaddha padya uddhata kiye gaye haiN| prAkRta bhASA kI kSamatA, abhivyaMjanA-zakti, pravAhazolatA, loka-janInatA Adi ke sAtha bhASA-zAstrIya dRSTi se caNiyoM ke adhyayana kI vAstava meM atyadhika upayogitA hai| cUNiyAM : racanAkAra AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyA-prajJapti, vRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, paMcakalpa, dazAzrutaskandha, jItakalpa, jIvAbhigama, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, nandI tathA anuyogadvAra para cUNiyoM kI racanA huI hai|

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AgamoM para vyAkhyA - sAhitya 186 cUrNiyoM ke rUpa meM jaina sAhitya ko hI nahIM, pratyuta bhAratIya vAG maya ko anupama dena dene vAle manISI zrI jinadAsa gaNI mahattara the / ve vANijya kulotpanna the / dharma-sampradAya kI dRSTi se ve koTika - gaNa ke antargata vajra - zAkhA se sambaddha the / itihAsajJoM ke anusAra unakA samaya SaSTha zatI IsavI ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / 1 jasalamera ke bhaNDAra meM dazavaikAlika cUrNi kI ka prAcIna prati milI hai, jisake racayitA sthavira agastyasiMha haiN| unakA samaya vikrama kI tRtIya zatI mAnA jAtA hai| usase prakaTa hotA hai ki zrI devagaNI kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM samAyojita vAcanA se bhI lagabhaga do-tIna zatI pUrva hI vaha racI jA cukI thI / zrAgama-mahodadhi svargIya muni puNyavijayajI dvArA usakA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai| zrI jinadAsa gaNI mahattara dvArA racita dazavaikAlika cUrNi ke nAma se jo kRti vizruta hai, use prAcArya haribhadrasUri ne vRddha vivaraNa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai / mahattvapUrNa cUriyA~ bhAratIya loka-jIvana ke adhyayana ko dRSTi se sabhI cUrNiyoM meM yatra-tatra bahuta sAmagrI vikIrNa hai, para, nizItha kI vizeSa cUrNi tathA prAvazyaka cUrNi kA unameM atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / inameM jaina itihAsa, purAtatva, tatkAlIna samAja Adi para prakAza DAlane vAlI vizAla sAmagrI bharI hai / logoM kA khAna-pAna, veza-bhUSA, AbhUSaNa, sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM laukika rItiyAM, prathAeM, samAja dvArA svIkRta naitika mApadaNDa, samaya-samaya para parva dinoM ke upalakSya meM Ayojita hone vAle mele, samAroha, janatA dvArA manAye jAne vAle tyohAra, vyavasAyika sthiti, vyApAra mArga, oka samudAya ke sAtha vyApArArtha dUra-dUra samudra pAra taka jAne vAle bar3e-bar3e vyavasAyI (sArthavAha), upaja, durbhikSa, dasyu, taskara Adi aneka jJAtavya viSayoM kA vividha prasaMgoM ke bIca ina cUrNiyoM meM vivecana huA hai / spaSTataH patA calatA hai ki jaina grAcArya tathA santa jana-jana ko dharma - pratibodha dene ke nimitta kitane samudyata rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa

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190 jainAgama digdarzana hai ki unakA loka-jIvana ke sAtha atyanta nikaTatApUrNa samparka rahA hai| usa kAla ke loka-jIvana kA eka sajIva citra upasthita kara pAnA unake lie sahajatayA sambhava ho sakA hai| jana-samparka ke sAthasAtha ve kitane vyavahAra-nipuNa the, prastuta sAmagrI se yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai| jaina-santoM ko apane darzana tathA dharma kA gahana adhyayana to thA hI, adhyayana kI anyAnya vidhAoM meM bhI unakI gaharI pahuMca thii| vAstava meM unakA adhyayana bar3A vyApaka tathA sArvajanIna thaa| lokajIvana tathA loka-sAhitya ke gaveSaNApUrNa adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI cUNiyoM kA apratima mahattva hai| prAgama-granthoM ke atirikta tatsambaddha sAhitya ke itara granthoM para bhI cUrNiyAM likhe jAne kA krama rhaa| udAharaNArtha, karma-grantha, zrAvaka-pratikramaNa jaise granthoM para bhI carNiyAM racI gyiiN| TIkAeM abhiprata __ aAgama hI jaina saMskRti, dharma, darzana, prAcAra-vicAra; saMkSepa meM samagra jaina jIvana ke mUla AdhAra haiM; ataH unake prAzaya ko spaSTa, spaSTatara aura subodhya banAne kI aora jaina AcAryoM tathA manISiyoM kA prArambha se hI prayatna rahA hai| phalataH jahA~ eka ora niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM aura caNiyoM kA sarjana hamA, dUsarI ora TIkAoM kI racanA kA krama bhI gatizIla rhaa| niyuktiyoM va bhASyoM kI racanA prAkRtagAthAoM meM huI tathA cUrNiyAM prAkRta-saMskRta-gadya meM likhI gayIM, vahAM TIkAeM prAyaH saMskRta meM racita huii| zabda-sarjana kI urvaratA, vyotpattika vizleSaNa kI vizadatA tathA abhivyaMjanA kI asAdhAraNa kSamatA Adi saMskRta kI kucha asAmAnya vizeSatAeM haiM, jinhoMne jaina tathA bauddha lekhakoM ko vizeSa rUpa se AkRSTa kiyA / phalataH uttaravartI kAla meM jaina tathA bauddha siddhAnta jaba vidvadgamya, prAMjala tathA praur3ha stara evaM dArzanika pRSTha-bhUmi para abhivyakta va pratiSThita kiye jAne lage, taba unakA bhASAtmaka pariveza adhikAMzataH saMskRta-nibaddha rhaa| jaina vAGamaya meM prAcArya siddhasena ke sanmati-tarka prakaraNa ke atirikta prAyaH pramANazAstrIya grantha saMskRta meM race gaye / yahI saba hetu the ki

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bhAgamoM para vyAkhyA-sAhitya 191 jaina dArzanika-kAla ke pUrva se hI vidvAn prAcAryoM ne AgamoM kI TIkAoM kI bhASA ke rUpa meM saMskRta ko svIkAra kiyaa| ahaMdavANI kI saMvAhikA hone ke kAraNa prAkRta ke prati jo zraddhA thI, usakA itanA prabhAva to TIkA-sAhitya meM avazya pAyA jAtA hai ki kahIM-kahIM kathAeM mala prAkata meM hI uddha ta kI gayI haiN| kucha TIkAeM prAkRta nibaddha bhI haiM, para, bahuta kama / TIkAeM : purAvartI paramparA ___ niyuktiyAM, bhASya, cUNiyAM evaM TIkAe" vyAkhyA-sAhitya ke kramika vikAsa ke rUpa meM nahIM haiM, balki sAmAnyataH aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki inakA sarjana svatantra aura nirapekSa rUpa se apanA dRSTikoNa liye calatA rahA hai| vAlabhI vAcanA ke pUrva TIkAoM ke race jAne kA krama cAlU thaa| dazavaikAlika cUrNi ke lekhaka sthavira agastyasiMha, jinakA samaya vikrama ke tatIya zataka ke AsapAsa thA, apanI racanA meM kaI sthAnoM para prAcIna TIkAtroM ke sambandha meM igita kiyA hai| himavat therAvalI meM ullekha himavat therAvalI meM kiye gaye ullekha ke anusAra Arya madhumitra ke antevAsI tathA tattvArtha mahAbhASya ke racayitA Arya gandhahastI ne Arya skandila ke anurodha para dvAdazAMga para vivaraNa likhA, jo Aja aprApya hai| muni puNyavijayajI ke anusAra AcArAMga kA vivaraNa sambhavataH vikrama ke do zataka bAda likhA gyaa| vivaraNa vastutaH saMskRta-TIkA kA hI eka rUpa hai| isa prakAra TIkAoM kI racanA kA krama eka prakAra se bahuta pahale hI cAlU ho cukA thaa| pramukha TIkAkAra prAcArya haribhadrasUri jaina jagat ke mahAna vidvAn, adhyAtma yogI AcArya haribhadrasUri kA Agama-TIkAkAroM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unakA samaya

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162 jainAgama digdarzana pAThavIM I. zatI mAnA jAtA hai| unhoMne prAvazyaka, dazavakAlika, nandI, anuyoga-dvAra tathA prajJApanA para TIkAoM ko racanA kii| TokAoM meM unakI vidvattA tathA gahana adhyayana kA spaSTa darzana hotA hai| TIkAoM meM kathA-bhAga ko unhoMne prAta meM hI yathAvat upasthita kiyaa| isa paramparA kA katipaya uttaravartI TIkAkAroM ne bhI anusaraNa kiyA, jinameM vAdivetAla AcArya zAntisUri, prAcArya malayagiri Adi mukhya haiN| zolAMkAcArya zrI zIlAMkAcArya ne dvAdazAMga vAGamaya ke atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAgama AcArAMga tathA sUtrakRtAMga para TIkAoM kI racanA kii| inameM jaina-tatva-jJAna tathA prAcAra-krama se sambaddha aneka mahatvapUrNa tathya udghATita hue haiM / zrI zolAMkAcArya kA samaya lagabhaga navama IsavI zatI mAnA jAtA hai| zAMtyAcArya evaM nemicandrAcArya __ IsA kI gyArahavIM zatI meM vAdivetAla prAcArya zAntisUri tathA prAcArya nemicandrasUri pramukha TIkAkAra hue| zrI zAntisUri ne uttarAdhyayana para 'pAiya' yA 'ziSyahitA' saMjJaka TokA ko racanA kii| vaha uttarAdhyayana-bRhad-vRtti ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| zrI nemicandrasUri ne isI TIkA ko mukhya AdhAra banAkara eka aura TIkA kI racanA kI, jise unhoMne 'sukha-bodhA' saMjJA dii| prAcArya zAntisUri ne jahA~ prAkRta-kathAoM ko uddha ta kiyA hai, vahAM aisA vRddha-sampradAya hai, isa prakAra vRddhavAda hai, anya isa prakAra kahate haiM, ityAdi mahatvapUrNa sUcanAeM kI haiM, joanusandhitsuoM ke lie bar3I upayogI haiM / inase anumeya hai ki prAcInakAla se ina kathAoM kI paramparA calI A rahI thii| kathA-sAhitya ke anuzIlana kI dRSTi se ina kathAoM kA mahatva hai| 'pAiya' tathA 'sukha-bodhA' saMjJaka TIkAoM meM kucha kathAe to itanI vistRta ho gayI haiM ki unakI pRthaka svatantra pustaka ho sakatI hai| brahmadatta tathA agaDadatta kI kathAe isI prakAra kI haiN|

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prAgamoM para vyAkhyA-sAhitya 163 prAcArya pramayadeva prabhRti uttaravartI TIkAkAra bArahavIM-terahavIM I0 zatI meM aneka TIkAkAra hue, jinhoMne TIkAoM ke rUpa meM mahatvapUrNa vyAkhyA-sAhitya kA sarjana kiyaa| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyA-prajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa tathA vipAka zra ta; ina nau aMga-granthoM para vidvattApUrNa TIkAyoM kI racanA kI, jinakA jaina sAhitya meM bar3A samAdata sthAna hai| nau aMgoM para TIkAe racane ke kAraNa ye 'navAMgI TIkAkAra" ke nAma se vizruta haiN| inakA samaya bArahavIM I0 zatAbdI hai| bArahavIM-terahavIM zatI ke TIkAkAroM meM zrI droNAcArya, maladhArI hemacandra, zrI malayagiri evaM zrI kSemakIrti Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| solahavIM zatI ke antima bhAga meM hue zrI puNyasAgaropAdhyAya, zrI zAnticandra bhI vizruta TIkAkAra the| vizeSatA : mahattva TIkAoM ne prAgama gata nigUr3ha tatvoM kI abhivyakti aura vizleSaNa kA to mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA hI, eka bahuta bar3I sAhityika nidhi bhI prastuta kI, jisakA asAdhAraNa mahatva hai| vidvAn TIkAkAroM ne mAnava-jovana ke vibhinna aMgoM aura pahaluoM kA jo vivecanavizleSaNa kiyA vaha manovaijJAnika, dArzanika, sAhityika, sAmAjika Adi aneka pahalugoM kA mArmika saMsparza lie hue hai| yaha vizAla vAGamaya uttaravartI sAhitya ke sarjana meM niHsaMdeha bar3A upajIvaka evaM preraka rahA / phalataH jaina-vAGamaya kA srota prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraza tathA anyAnya loka-bhASAoM kA mA yama liye uttarottara pallavita, puSpita evaM vikasita hotA gyaa| itanA hI nahIM, jainetara sAhitya kI bhI aneka vidhAyeM isase prabhAvita tathA anuprANita huiiN|

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