Jain Sahityakash Ke Aalokit Nakshatra Prachin Jainacharya

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006191/1

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prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA - 64 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgraha bhAga - 4 jaina sAhityAkAza ke alokita nakSatra prAcIna jainAcArya AhesA dharma : paramI DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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samarpaNa pa. pU. mAlava siMhanI zrI vallabhaku~varajI ma.sA. pa. pU. sevAmUrti zrI pAnaku~varajI ma.sA. pa. pU. suprasidva vyAkhyAtrI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.adhyAtma rasikA zrI maNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA.

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prAcya vidyApITha graMthamAlA kramAMka - 64 sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgraha bhAga - 4 jainadharma ke prAcIna AcArya lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, ema. e., pIeca. DI. nidezaka - prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura vidyApITha 12215*21 vidyA sA zAjApura ( vimuktaye prakAzaka - prAcya vidyApITha zAjApura (ma. pra. )

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prAcya vidyApIThagraMthamAlAkramAMka-64 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgrahabhAga-4 jainadharma ke prAcIna AcArya lekhaka: DaoN.pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka - prAcya vidyApITha, dupAr3AroDa,zAjApura (ma.pra.) phona naM. 07364-22218 email - sagarmal.jain@gmail.com prakAzana varSa 2016 kApIrAiTa - lekhakaDaoN. sAgaramala jaina mUlya - rupae 200/ sampUrNa seTa (lagabhaga 25 bhAga) - 5000/mudraka-AkRti oNphaseTa, naI peTha, ujjaina (ma.pra.)

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prakAzakIya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina vidyA evaM bhAratIya vidyAoM ke bahuzruta vidvAna haiN| unake vicAra evaM Alekha vigata 50 varSoM se yatratatra vibhinna patra-patrikAoM aura saMskRta, prAkRta evaM hindI ke vibhinna graMthoM kI bhUmikAoM ke rUpa meM prakAzita hoterahe haiN| una sabako ekatrita kara prakAzita karane ke prayAsa bhI alpa hI hue haiN| prathamataHunake lagabhaga 100 Alekha sAgaramala jaina abhinaMdana graMtha meM aura lagabhaga 120 Alekha - zramaNa ke vizeSAMkoM ke rUpa meM 'sAgara jaina vidyA bhAratI' meM athavA 'jaina dharma evaM saMskRti' ke nAma se sAta bhAgoM meM prakAzita hue haiM / kiMtu DaoN. jaina ke lekhoM kI saMkhyA hI 320 se adhika haiN| sAtha hI unhoMne saMskRta evaM prAkRta tathA jaina dharma aura saMskRti se sambaMdhita aneka graMtha kI vistRta bhUmikAeM bhI likhI haiN| unakA yaha samasta lekhana prakIrNa rUpa se bikharA par3A hai| viSayAnurUpa usakA saMkalana bhI nahIM huA hai, unake aneka graMtha bhI aba punaH prakAzana kI apekSA rakha rahe haiM, kiMtu chaha-sAta hajAra pRSThoM kI isa vipula sAmagrI ko samAhita kara prakAzita karanA hamAre lie sambhava nahIM thA- sAdhvIvaryA saumyaguNA zrI jI kA sujhAva rahA ki prathama krama meM unake vIkIrNa AlekhoM ko hI eka sthAna para ekatrita kara prakAzita karane kA prayatna kiyA jaae| unakI yaha preraNA hamAre lie mArgadarzaka banI aura hamane DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke AlekhoM ko saMgrahita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| kArya bahuta vizAla hai, kiMtu jitanA sahaja rUpa se prApta ho sakegA - utanA hI prakAzita karanekA prayatna kiyA jaaegaa| aneka prAcIna patrapatrikAeM pahale hAtha se hI kampoja hokara priMTa hotI thI, sAtha hI ve vibhinna AkAroM aura vividha prakAra ke akSaroM se mudrita hotI thI, una saba ko eka sAija meM aura eka hI phaoNNTa meM prakAzita karanA bhI kaThina thA - ataH unako punaH prakAzita karane hetu unakA punaH TaMkaNa evaM prupharIDiMga Avazyaka thaa| hamAre punaH TaMkaNa ke kArya meM sahayoga kiyA zrI dilIpa nAgara ne evaM prupha saMzodhana ke kArya meM sahayoga kiyA- zrI caitanya jI sonI evaM zrI narendra jI gaur3a ne hama inake evaM mudraka AkRti oNphaseTa ujjaina ke AbhArI haiN| TrasTa maNDala prAcya vidyApITha, nareMdra jaina evaM zAjApura

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kra. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. viSaya sUci anukramaNikA peja kra. AcArya bhadrabAhu AcArya umAsvAti AcArya dharasena puSpadanta aura bhUtabali aura unakA graMtha SaTkhaNDAgama 55 AcArya kundakunda 66 AcArya siddhasena divAkara zivArya aura unakI bhagavatI ArAdhanA samadarzI AcArya haribhadra jaTAsiMhanandI aura unakA varAMgacaritra apabhraMza ke mahAkavi svayambhU yativRSabha aura unake kasAyapAhuDa ke cUrNisUtra aura tiloyapaNNi pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana aura unakA vyAkaraNa AcArya hemacaMdra : eka yugapuruSa 1 27 49 77 99 109 169 182 191 202 208

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1- AcArya bhadrabAhu ( IsvI pUrva 3rI zatI) vaha carama zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu jaina dharma kI sabhI paraMparAoM ke dvArA mAnya rahe haiN| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke prAcInatama ullekha se lekara paravartI graMthoM ke saMdarbhoM ke AdhAra para unake vyaktitva aura kRtitva ko lekara Adhunika yuga meM paryApta uhApoha yA vicAra-vimarza huA hai, kintu unake jIvanavRtta aura kRtitva ke saMbaMdha meM IsA pUrva se lekara IsA kI pandrahavIM zatI taka likhita vibhinna graMthoM meM jo bhI ullekha prApta hote haiM, unameM itanA matavaibhinnya hai ki sAmAnya pAThaka kisI samIcIna niSkarSa para pahu~ca nahIM pAtA hai / bhadrabAhu ke caritra lekhakoM ne unake saMbaMdha meM jo kucha likhA hai, anuzrutiyoM evaM svaira kalpanAoM kA aisA mizraNa hai, jisameM se satya ko khoja pAnA eka kaThina samasyA hai| Aryabhadra yA bhadrabAhu nAmaka vividha AcAryoM ke saMbaMdha meM jo kucha anuzruti se prApta huA, use caturdaza pUrvadhara aura dvAdazAMgI ke jJAtA zvetAmbara paraMparA ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saptama paTTadhara aura digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra aSTama paTTadhara carama zrutakevalI Arya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake jIvanavRtta aura kRtitva ke saMbaMdha meM eka bhramapUrNa sthiti banI huI hai aura aneka paravartI ghaTanAkrama aura kRtiyA~ unake nAma ke sAtha jur3a gaI haiM / jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparAoM meM Arya bhadrabAhu athavA Aryabhadra nAmaka aneka AcArya hue haiN| paravartI lekhakoM ne nAma sAmya ke AdhAra para unake jIvana ke ghaTanAkramoM aura kRtitva ko bhI carama zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3a diyaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, kahIM-kahIM to apanI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ko paripuSTa karane ke liye sva- kalpanA se prasUta aMza bhI unake jIvanavRtta ke sAtha milA diye gaye haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya hastImalajI ne apane graMtha 'jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga - 2, pRSTha 327 para jo kucha likhA hai, vaha niSpakSa evaM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se itihAsa ke zodhArthiyoM ke liye vicAraNIya hai / ve likhate haiM- "bhadrabAhu ke jIvana caritraviSayaka donoM paraMparAoM ke graMthoM kA samIcInatayA adhyayana karane se eka bar3A Azcaryajanaka tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki na zvetAmbara paraMparA ke graMthoM meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ke jIvana-caritra ke saMbaMdha meM mataikya hai aura na digambara paraMparA ke graMthoM meM hI / bhadrabAhu ke jIvana saMbaMdhI donoM paraMparAoM ke -

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vibhinna graMthoM ko par3hane meM eka niSpakSa vyakti ko spaSTa rUpa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sambhavataH donoM paraMparAoM ke aneka graMthoM meM bhadrabAhu nAma vAle do-tIna AcAryoM ke jIvana-caritroM kI ghaTanAoM ko gaDDa-maDDa karake aMtima caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu ke jIvana caritra ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA hai| pazcAtvI AcAryoM dvArA likhe gaye kucha graMthoM kA, unase pUrvavartI AcAryoM dvArA likhita graMthoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para spaSTarUpeNa AbhAsita hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu ke caritra ke pazcAtvatI AcAryoM ne apanI kalpanAoM ke AdhAra para kucha ghaTanAoM ko jor3A hai| unhoMne aisA apanI mAnyatAoM ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa banAne ke abhiprAya se kiyA athavA aura kisI anya dRSTi se kiyA, yaha nirNaya to tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke pazcAt pAThaka svayaM hI niSpakSa buddhi se kara sakate haiN|' AcArya bhadrabAhu ke jIvanavRtta evaM unake nAma se pracalita kRtiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana karane kA zreya jina pAzcAtya bhAratIya vidyAvido ko jAtA hai, unameM prophesara harmana jAkobI prathama haiN| unhoMne sarvaprathama yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki pAinna (prAcya) gotrIya zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu ko niyuktiyoM kA kartA mAnanA bhrAMti hai, kyoMki niyuktiyA~ vIra nirvANa saMvat 584 se 609 ke bIca racita haiM, jabaki zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu to vIra nirvANa saMvat 162 (digaMbara mAnyatA) athavA vIra nirvANa saMvat 170 (zvetAmbara mAnyatA) meM svargastha ho cuke the| isa saMbaMdha meM samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se jina bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne ciMtana kiyA hai, unameM munizrI puNyavijayajI, munizrI kalyANavijayajI, paM. sukhalAlajI, paM. dalasukhabhAI, AcArya hastImalajI, AcArya mahAprajJajI, sAdhvIvaryA saMghamitrAjI Adi pramukha haiN| digaMbara paraMparA ke vidvAn DaoN. rAjArAmajI ne bhI raidhUkRta bhadrabAhu caritra (paMdrahavIM zatI) kI bhUmikA meM samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne apanI dRSTi ko, digaMbara strotoM ko prAmANika mAnate hue, unhIM para vizeSa rUpa se kendrita rakhA hai, jabaki AcArya hastImalajI, munizrI kalyANavijayajI aura sAdhvI saMghamitrAjI ne donoMparaMparAoMkemUlasrotoMkAadhyayanakaraapanAsamIkSAtmakaciMtanaprastuta kiyA hai| ___vizeSa rUpa se niyuktiyoM ke kartA ke prazna ko lekara pro. harmana jAkobI, muni puNyavijayajI, AcArya hastImalajI, AcArya mahAprajJajI, samaNI kusumaprajJAjI evaM svayaM maiMne bhI samIkSAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiye haiM, inameM samaNI kusumaprajJAjI ko

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3 chor3akara zeSa sabhI isa saMbaMdha meM ekamata haiM ki niryuktiyA~ prAcya gotrIya AcArya bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyA~ nahIM haiM, kintu ve kisakI kRtiyA~ haiM, isa sambandha meM ina sabhI ke bIca bhI matavaibhinya hai| isakI vistRta carcA hama Age bhadrabAhu ke kRtitva ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate samaya kreNge| AcArya bhadrabAhu kA jIvanavRtta zrutavalI AcArya bhadrabAhu prathama ke dIkSA paryAya ke pUrva ke jIvana-vRtta ke saMbaMdha meM prAcIna Agamika pramANa prAyaH anupalabdha haiM / kalpasUtra evaM naMdIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM unakA jo nirdeza milatA hai, usameM kalpasUtra meM unake guru ke rUpa meM yazobhadra kA, ziSyoM ke rUpa meM godAsa, agnidatta, jinadatta aura somadatta kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI, bhadrabAhu ke ziSya godAsa se godAsagaNa prAraMbha hone aura usakI tAmraliptikA, koTivarSIyA, pauNDavarddhanikA aura dAsIkharbaTikA nAmaka cAra zAkhAe~ hone kA nirdeza haiN|' yahA~ unake gRhI jIvana se saMbaMdhita do hI tathya upalabdha hote haiM - eka to yaha ki unakA gotra pAitra thA, kyoMki kalpasUtra, naMdIsUtra aura dazAzrutaskandhaniryukti- tInoM meM hI unake gotra ko 'pAina' kahA gayA hai| isa ullekha kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM koI bhI zaMkA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki upalabdha sUcanAoM meM ye nirdeza prAcInatama aura sabhI IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrva haiM, phira bhI 'pAinna' kA jo artha pUrvavartI aura paravartI AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai, vaha mujhe samucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| prAyaH sabhI ne isakA saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa 'prAcIna' mAnA hai, jisakA artha purAtana hotA hai aura isI AdhAra para AcArya hastImalajI ne to yaha siddha karane kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai ki " kisI paravartI bhadrabAhu kI apekSA pUrvavartI hone se unheM prAcIna kahA gayA hai" kintu merI dRSTi meM 'pAina' kA artha paurvAtya arthAt prAcI yA pUrva dizA kA nivAsI karanA cAhiye / madhyapradeza ke brAhmaNoM meM Aja bhI audIcya nAmaka eka varga hai, jo * apane ko pUrva dizA se AyA huA mAnatA hai| sarayUpArIya, puravaiyAM Adi bhI paurvAtya brAhmaNa jAtiyA~ haiM, isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai - bhadrabAhu bhArata ke athavA bihAra ke pUrvIya pradeza baMgAla ke nivAsI the| unakI ziSya paraMparA meM koTivarSIyA, pauNDavarddhanikA aura tAmraliptikA Adi jo zAkhAe~ banI haiM, ve unhIM nagaroM ke nAma para haiM, jo baMgAla meM vizeSa rUpa se usake pUrvI bhAga meM sthita haiM, ataH bhadrabAhu ke pAinnaM nAma gotra kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki ve paurvAtya brAhmaNa the / 94 "

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bhadrabAhu ke janma-sthAna ko lekara unase saMbaMdhita paravartI kathAnakoM meM vaividhya evaM visaMvAda kI sthiti hai / kalpasUtra, naMdIsUtra, dazAzrutaskaMdha kI niyukti, titthogAlIpainnA, gacchAcArapainnAAdiprAcIna stara ke zvetAmbaragraMthoM meM unake janma sthAna kA koI ullekha nahIM hai - paravartI zvetAmbara graMthoM - gacchAcAra kI doghaTTIvRti aura prabaMdhakoza meM unheM pratiSThAnapura (vartamAna paiThana, mahArASTa) kA nivAsI batAyA hai| prabandhacintAmaNi meM yadyapi bhadrabAhu ke nivAsa sthAna kA to koI ullekha nahIM hai, kintu unake tathAkathita bhAI varAhamihira ko pATaliputra kA nivAsI kahA gayA hai|' jJAtavya hai ki pratiSThAnapura jahA~ dakSiNa mahArASTa meM hai, vahA~ pATalIputra (paTanA) uttara bihAra meM hai, isa prakAra janma sthAna ko lekara zvetAmbara strotoM meM vipratipatti hai| digaMbara paraMparA ke graMtha bhAvasaMgraha meM unheM ujjaina ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai| punnATasaMghIya yApanIya hariSeNa ne apane graMtha bRhatkathAkoSa (I. 932) meM bhadrabAhu ke jIvanavRtta kA ullekha kiyA hai- unake anusAra, prAcIna kAla meM puNDavardhana rAjya meM koTipura nagara (devakoTTa) meM rAjapurohita somazarmA kI dharmapatnI somazrI kI kukSi se bhadrabAhu kA janma huA, kintu unhoMne bhI isa koTipura ko urjayanta parvata (giranAra) ke mArga meM kahIM gujarAta meM sthita mAna liyA hai- jo bhrAMti hai| vastutaH, yaha koTipura na hokara koTivarSa thA, jo baMgAla meM puNDavardhana ke samIpa sthita rahA hogaa| koTivarSa ke bhadrabAhu ke janmasthAna hone kI saMbhAvanA hameM satya ke nikaTa pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki AgamoM meM bhadrabAhu ke ziSya godAsa se prAraMbha hue godAsagaNa kI do zAkhAoM kA nAma koTivarSIyA aura pauNDAvarddhanikA ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai| ratnanaMdI ne apane bhadrabAhukathAnaka meM janma sthAna aura mAtA-pitA ke nAma Adi ke saMbaMdha meM prAyaH hariSeNa kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai|ridhuune apane bhadrabAhukathAnaka meM mAtA-pitA aura rAjA Adike nAma to vahI rakhe, kintu koTipurako kauttukapura (kautukapura) kara diyA hai|' janma-sthala evaM nivAsa kSetra ke ina samasta ullekhoM kI samIkSA karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vastutaH pAinna gotrIya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA janma-sthala pauNDavardhana deza kA koTivarSa nagara hI rahA hai, kintu hariSeNa ne use jo gujarAta meM sthita mAnA, vaha bhrAMtipUrNa hai / vastutaH, yaha nagara baMgadeza ke uttara-pUrva meM aura campA (Adhunika bhAgalapura) se dakSiNa-pUrva meM lagabhaga 100 kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita thaa| zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne prabaMdhakoza Adi meM jo use pratiSThAnapura se samIkRta kiyA

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hai, vaha bhI bhrAMta hai| usakA saMbaMdha naimittika bhadrabAhu, jo varAhamihira ke bhAI the, se to ho sakatA hai, kintu zrutakevalIbhadrabAhu se nahIM ho sakatA hai| jahA~ taka bhadrabAhu ke vicaraNa kSetra kA prazna hai- zvetAmbara paraMparA ke anusAra unakA vicaraNa kSetra uttara meM nepAla ke tarAI pradeza se lekara dakSiNa baMgAla ke tAmralipti taka pratIta hotA hai| unake dvArA 12 varSa taka nepAla kI tarAI meM sAdhanA karane kA ullekha titthogAlIpainnA (tIrthodgAlika prakIrNaka-lagabhaga 5vIM-6ThI zatI) evaM Avazyaka cUrNI (7vIM zatI) Adi aneka zvetAmbara strotoM se prApta hotA hai| yadyapi digaMbara strotoM se isa saMbaMdha meM koI saGketa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI isakI prAmANikatA saMdehAspada nahIM lagatI hai| ___ jahA~ taka unakI dakSiNa yAtrA kA prazna hai- isa saMbaMdha meM zvetAmbara strota prAyaH mauna haiM, digaMbara strotoM meM bhI aneka vipratipattiyA~ haiN| bhAva saMgraha meM AcArya vimalasena ke ziSya devasena ne zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti ke prasaMga meM nimittazAstra ke pAragAmI AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA ujjayinI meM bAraha varSIya duSkAla kI bhaviSyavANI kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka gaNanAyakoM ne apane-apane ziSyoM ke sAtha vibhinna pradezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| zAMti nAmaka AcArya saurASTa deza ke vallabhI nagara pahu~ce- jahA~ vikrama kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huii|" isa prakAra isa kathAnaka meM bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa deza meM bihAra kA aura candragupta kI dIkSA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| punaH, isameM jina naimittika bhadrabAhu kA ullekha hai, unakA sattAkAla vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI mAna liyA gayA hai, jo bhrAMta pratIta hotA hai| AcArya hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza meM bhadrabAhu dvArA bAraha varSIya duSkAla kI bhaviSyavANI karane, ujjayinI ke rAjA caMdragupta dvArA dIkSA grahaNa kara bhadrabAhu se dasa pUrvo kA adhyayana karane tathA vizAkhAcArya ke nAma se dakSiNapatha ke punnATa deza (karnATaka) jAne aura rAmilla, sthUlAcArya aura sthUlibhadra ke sindhu sauvIra deza jAne kA nirdeza kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA ujjayinI ke samIpavartI bhAdrapada deza (saMbhavataH vartamAna maMdasaura kA samIpavartI pradeza) meM anazana karane kA ullekha kiyA hai|" isa prakAra na kevala zvetAMbara srotoM meM, apitu hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza," zrIcaMdra ke apabhraMza bhASA meM graMtha kahAkosu (vi. 12vIM zatI) aura devasena ke

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6 bhAvasaMgraha meM bhI bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa deza jAne kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| bRhatkathAkoza Adi meM unake ziSya vizAkhAcArya ke dakSiNa deza meM jAne kA ullekha hai, "kintu svayaM unakA nhiiN| unake svayaM dakSiNa deza meM jAne ke jo ullekha milate haiM, ve rAmacaMdra mumukSu ke puNyAstravakathAkoza" (12vIM zatI), raidhU ke bhadrabAhukathAnaka " ( 15vIM zatI) aura ratnanaMdI ke bhadrabAhucaritra " ( 16vIM zatI) ke haiN| inameM bhI jahA~ puNyAstravakathAkoza meM unake magadha se dakSiNa jAne kA ullekha hai, vahI ratnanaMdI ke bhadrabAhucaritra meM avaMtikA se dakSiNa jAne kA ullekha hai| ina vipratipattiyoM ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai ki kathAnaka 10vIM se 16vIM zatI ke madhya racita hone se paryApta rUpa se paravartI haiM aura anuzrutiyoM yA lekhaka kI nijI kalpanA para AdhArita hone se kAlpanika hI adhika lagate haiM / yadyapi DaoN. rAjarAmajI ne isakA samAdhAna karate hue yaha likhA hai ki 'yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu apane vihAra meM magadha se duSkAla prAraMbha hone ke kucha dina pUrva cale hoM aura ucchakalpa ( varttamAna- uceharA, jo uccairnAgara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala bhI hai) hote hue ujjayinI aura phira vahA~ se dakSiNa kI ora svayaM gaye hoM, yA svayaM vahA~ rukakara apane sAdhu-saMtoM ko dakSiNa kI ora jAne 18 kA Adeza diyA ho, " kintu merI dRSTi meM jaba magadha se pUrvI samudrItaTa se tAmralipti hote hue dakSiNa jAne kA sIdhA mArga thA, to phira duSkAlayukta madhya deza meM ujjayinI hokara dakSiNa jAne kA kyA aucitya thA ? yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA / merI dRSTi meM ina kathAnakoM meM saMbhAvita satya yahI hai ki cAhe duSkAla ka paristhiti meM bhadrabAhu ne apane muni saMgha ko dakSiNa meM bhejA ho, kintu ve svayaM to magadha meM yA nepAla kI tarAI meM hI sthita rahe, kyoMki vahA~ unakI dhyAna sAdhanA ke jo nirdeza 19 20 haiM, ve titthogAlI " (lagabhaga 5vIM zatI) aura cUrNi sAhitya " (lagabhaga 7vIM zatI) hone se ina kathAnakoM kI apekSA na kevala prAcIna haiM, apitu prAmANika bhI lagate haiN| punaH, dhyAna sAdhanA kA yaha ullekha bAraha varSIya duSkAla ke pazcAt pATaliputra kI sthUlabhadra kI vAcanA ke samaya kA hai, ataH zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa jAne ke ullekha prAmANika nahIM haiN| isameM satyAMza kevala itanA hI pratIta hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu to apanI vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa uttara bhArata ke magadha evaM tarAI pradeza meM sthita rahe, kintu unhoMne apane ziSya parivAra ko avazya dakSiNa meM bhejA thA / nirgrantha munisaMgha kI laMkA evaM tamila pradeza meM I. pU. meM upasthiti ke

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abhilekhIya evaM bauddha sAhitya ke saMketa bhI isa tathya kI puSTi karate haiN| punaH, vaDDamANu (AMdhrapradeza) meM huI khudAI meM godAsagaNa kA abhilekhIya sAkSya" bhI isa tathya kI puSTi avazya karatA hai ki bhadrabAhu kI ziSya paraMparA yA to tAmralipti se jalamArga dvArA yA phira baMgAla aura ur3IsA ke sthala mArga se AMdhrapradeza hokara laMkA evaM tamilanADu phuNciithii| yahA~ isI prasaMga meM zravaNabelagolA sthita caMdragiriparvata evaM pArzvanAtha vasati ke abhilekhoM kI prAmANikatA kI carcA karanA bhI apekSita hai| zravaNabelagolA ke candragiri pararvata para zaka saMvat 572 arthAt vikrama saMvat 707 IsvI san 650 kA zilAlekha hai, usameM bhadrabAhu aura caMdragupta ke ullekha haiM / jahA~ taka caMdragiri ke abhilekha kA prazna hai, usameM na to bhadrabAhu ko zrutakevalI kahA hai aura na caMdragupta ko mauryavaMzIya / ataH, yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki isameM ullekhita bhadrabAhu ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura caMdragupta ko caMdragupta maurya mAnA jAye yA bhadrabAhu ko varAhamihira ke bhAI bhadrabAhu aura caMdragupta ko caMdragupta nAmaka koI guptavaMzIya rAjA maanaajaaye| pArzvanAthavasati ke isase bhI 50 varSa pUrva zaka saMvat 533 yAI. san 600 ke eka abhilekha meM spaSTa rUpa se zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura naimittika bhadrabAhu-aise do bhadrabAhu kA ullekha hai| isameM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt vizAkha Adi sAta AcAryoM kA ullekha karake phira guru paraMparA ke krama se bhadrabAhu svAmI kA ullekha hai aura unake Adeza se sarvasaMgha kA ujjaina se dakSiNa patha jAne kA nirdeza hai- isase aisA pratIta hotA hai, ye bhadrabAhu varAhamihira ke bhAI naimittika bhadrabAhu hoNge| varAhamihira ke paMcasiddhAntikA nAmaka graMtha kI prazasti ke AdhAra para unakA kAla zaka saMvat 437 (I. san 505) vikrama saM. 562 siddha hotA hai, ataH ye abhilekhIya ullekha naimittika bhadrabAhu se saMbaMdhita ho sakate haiM aura isameM ullekhita caMdragupta, caMdragupta maurya na hokara caMdragupta nAmaka koI anya rAjA hogaa| abhilekhoM evaM naimittika bhadrabAhu kI kAlika samAnatA bhI isakA pramANa hai| __jJAtavya hai kiraidhUne apanebhadrabAhucaritra meM jisa caMdragupta kebhadrabAhu se dIkSita hone kI bAta kahI hai, use caMdragupta maurya na mAnakara usake pautra azoka kA pautra batAyA hai|" kucha digaMbara vidvAnoM ne isakI pahacAna samprati se kI hai, kintu na to, samprati kA nAma

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caMdragupta thA- aisA koI pramANa milatA hai aura na zrutakevalIbhadrabAhu se azoka ke pautra caMdragupta kI samakAlikatA hI siddha hotI hai / ataH, isa kathAnaka meM svaira kavikalpanA hI adhika parilakSita hotI hai| ___zvetAmbara prabaMdhoM meM bhI naimittika bhadrabAhu ko pratiSThAnapura (paiThaNa-dakSiNa mahArASTa) kA nivAsI mAnA gayA hai, ataH inakA saMbaMdha dakSiNa meM karnATaka kI yAtrA se ho sakatA hai / punaH, zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke saMbaMdha meM ye abhilekha isaliye bhI prAmANika nahIM lagate haiM ki ye unake svargavAsa se eka hajAra varSa bAda ke haiM, ataH zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke saMbaMdha meM inakI prAmANikatA eka anuzruti se adhika nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| hA~, yadi ye naimittika bhadrabAhu se saMbaMdhita haiM, to inakI prAmANikatA evaM vizvasanIyatA kAphI bar3ha jAtI hai, kyoMki donoM ke kAla meM mAtra 150 varSa kA aMtara hai| isa carcA se yaha bhI jJAta ho jAtA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura naimittikabhadrabAhu meM lagabhaga 800 varSoM kAlaMbAaMtarAla hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke graMthoM meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke kAryoM meM unake dvArA mahAprANa nAmaka dhyAna kI sAdhanA karane evaM sthUlibhadra ko 14 pUrvo kI vAcanA dene kI saMpUrNa ghaTanA kA vivaraNa Avazyakaniyukti (lagabhaga 3rI zatI) evaM titthogAlIpaiNNA" (tIrthodgAlika prakIrNaka-lagabhaga 5vIM zatI) meM milatA hai| saMkSepa meM, dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ke bAda zramaNa saMghapATalIputra meM ekatrita huaathaa| aMga sAhitya ko vyavasthita karane hetu AgamoM kI isa prathama vAcanA kA Ayojana huAusameM gyAraha aMgoM kA punaH saMkalana kiyA gayA, kintu dRSTivAda evaM pUrvo kA saMkalana nahIM ho sakA, kyoMki usa vAcanA meM inako saMpUrNa rUpa se jAnane vAlA koI bhI zramaNa upasthita nahIM thaa| usa samaya dRSTivAda aura 14 pUrvo ke saMpUrNa jJAtA mAtrabhadrabAhu hIthe, jo nepAla meM mahAprANadhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| zramaNa saMgha ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM kucha muni pATalIpattana (paTanA) se nepAla kI tarAI meM gaye aura unase vAcanA dene kI prArthanA kI, bhadrabAhu ne apanI dhyAna sAdhanA meM vighna rUpa mAnakara vAcanA dene se iMkAra kara diyaa| vAcanA dene se iMkAra karane kara saMgha dvArA bahiSkRta karane/sambhoga viccheda rUpa daNDa kA nirdeza dene ke kAraNa ve punaH vAcanA dene meM sahamata hote haiN| sthUlibhadra ke sAtha kucha muni vAcanA lene jAte haiM, prAraMbha meM vAcanA maMthara gati se calatI hai| sthUlibhadra ko chor3akara zeSa muni- saMgha nirAza hokara lauTa AtA hai| sthUlibhadra kI dasa pUrvo kI

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vAcanA kI pUrNatA para yakSA Adi unakI bahanoM kA AnA-unake dvArA siMha kA rUpa banAnA-unake isa vyavahAra se khinna hokara bhadrabAhu kA vAcanA dene se iMkAra karanA, atyadhika vinaya karane para zeSa cAra pUrvo kI zabda rUpa se vAcanA denA-Adi kucha ghaTanAe~ varNita haiM, jinakI sUcanA aneka zvetAmbara strotoM se prAyaH samAna rUpa se prApta hotI hai, kintu ye sabhI strota bhI IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI sadI se pUrva ke nahIM haiM, arthAt pA~ca sau varSoM ke pazcAt lipibaddha hue haiM, phira bhI sthUlibhadra ke siMharUpakI vikurvaNA ke atirikta isameM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jinakI prAmANikatA para prazna cihna lagAyA jA ske| isa saMpUrNa vivaraNa se jo mukhya bAteM ubhara kara sAmane AtI haiM, ve nimna haiMvAcanA ke samaya bhadrabAhu apanI vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa apanI vaiyaktika sAdhanA ko hI mahatvapUrNa mAnakara anupasthita rhe| ho sakatA hai ki saMghIya kAryoM ke prati unakI isa anyamanaskatA ke kucha anya bhI kAraNa ho / sthUlibhadra bhI unheM apane vyavahAra se pUrNa saMtuSTa nahIM kara sake, phalataH unheM dI jAne vAlI vAcanA bhI madhya meM 10 pUrvo ke bAda roka dI gii| jJAtavya hai ki digaMbara strotoM meM isa Agama-vAcanA kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| isake sthAna para digaMbara strota AcAra ke praznoM para, vizeSa rUpa se vastra-pAtra-kambala saMbaMdhI vivAda ke AdhAra para zvetAMbara aura yApanIya paraMparAoM ke udbhava kI bAta karate haiN| yadyapi isa saMbaMdha meM digaMbara strotoM meM jo vipratipattiyA~ haiM, usakI carcA to maiM bAda meM karUMgA, kintu itanA dRr3hatApUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM spaSTa saMgha-bhedanahIM huAthAkyoMki zvetAmbara (zvetapaTTa), digambara (nirgrantha) yApanIya evaM kUrcaka Adi sampradAyoM ke astitva saMbaMdhI jo bhI sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya pramANa milate haiM, ve sabhI IsA kI caturtha evaM paMcama zatAbdI se hI milate haiN| sAhityika strotoM meM sarvaprathama vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' meM siyambara/siyambarAzabda milatA hai| isameM sItA ko dIkSita avasthA meM siyambarA aura eka anya prasaMga meM eka muni ko siyambara kahA gayA hai| yaha mAtra eka vizeSaNa hai yA sampradAya bheda kA sUcaka hai, yaha nirNaya kara pAnA kaThina hai / sampradAya bheda ke rUpa meM ina zabdoM kA sarvaprathama prayoga halsI (dhAravAr3a-uttarI karNATaka) ke abhilekha meM milatA hai, jo IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI kA hai| isa abhilekha meM nirgrantha, zvetapaTTa, yApanIya, kUrcaka- aise cAra jaina sampradAyoM kA

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10 ullekha hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki spaSTa saMghabheda IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI kI ghaTanA hai, jisakA saMbaMdha cAhe kisI rUpa meM naimittika bhadrabAhu se to ho sakatA hai, kintu zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se kadApi nahIM hai| isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki digambara strotoM meM jo vastra pAtra vivAda kI sUcanA hai, vaha pUrNataH niHssAra hai| digaMbara paraMparA ke bhadrabAhu saMbaMdhI kathAnakoM meM saMgha bheda saMbaMdhI jo ghaTanAkrama varNita hai, usameM kitanA satyAMza hai, yaha samajhane ke liye pahale inakI samIkSA kara lenI hogii| digambaroM ke mAnya sAhitya meM yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNati (5-6 zatI) meM bhadrabAhu kA nirdeza to hai, kintu usameM aisA koI ullekha nahIM hai, jo yaha batAtA ho ki zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya paraMparAoM kI utpatti kaise huI ? sarvaprathama hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza (dasavI zatI) meM evaM vimalasena ke ziSya devasena ke bhAva saMgraha (lagabhaga dasavIM zatI) meM zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti kI kathA ko bhadrabAhu ke kathAnaka ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA hai, kintu isameM kAla saMbaMdhI visaMgati spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| eka ora isameM bhadrabAhu ke ziSya zAntyAcArya ke dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla meM vallabhI jAne aura vahA~ jAkara kambala, pAtra, daNDa evaM zveta vastra grahaNa karane kA nirdeza hai, sAtha hI isa kathA meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki sukAla hone para zAntyAcArya dvArA vastrAdi ke tyAga kA nirdeza dene para unake ziSya (jinacandra) ne unako mAra ddaalaa| usake bAda vaha zAntyAcArya vyaMtara yoni meM utpanna hokara ziSyoM ko pIr3A dene lgaa| ziSyoM dvArA unakI pratidina pUjA (zAMti snAtra) karane aura kASThapaTTikA para aMkita unake caraNa sadA sAtha rakhane kA vacana dene para vaha vyantara zAMta huA aura isa prakAra zvetAmbaroM kA kuladeva bana gyaa| isameM isa ghaTanA kA samaya vikrama kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa bAda arthAt vIra nirvANa saMvat 606 batAyA hai, jabaki zrutakevalI bhadrAbAhu kA svargavAsa to vIra nirvANa saMvat 162 meM ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra yaha kathAnaka na to zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya se saMgati rakhatA hai aura na naimittika bhadrabAhu ke samaya se kyoMki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu to usake 460 varSa pUrva hI svargastha ho cuke the aura naimittika bhadrabAhu isake lagabhaga 400 varSa bAda hue haiM, ataH yaha kathAnaka pUrI taraha kAlpanika hai| isameM satyAMza mAtra yaha hai ki vastra-pAtra saMbaMdhI yaha vivAda Aryabhadragupta ke guru zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa ke bIca vIra nirvANa saMvat 606 yA 609 meM hI huA thA, kyoMki isakI puSTi zvetAmbara aura digaMbara- donoM hI sAhityika strotoM se ho

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11 jAtI hai| ina zivabhUti ke eka ziSya pUrvadhara bhadragupta the, ataH nAma sAmya kA sahArA lekara ise bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3a diyA gyaa| punaH, isameM bhadrabAhu ke nAma ke sAtha zrutakevalI kA abhAva aura unake avantikA meM hone kA ullekha bhI acelatA ke pakSadhara zivabhUti ke ziSyabhadragupta se hI saMgati rakhate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki ina bhadragupta se AryarakSita ne na kevala pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kiyAthA, apitu unakA samAdhimaraNa/niryApanA bhI karavAI thii| yaha niryApanA bhI avantI ke samIpavartIbhAdrapada deza meM huI thii|aaryrkssit bhI svayaM dazArNapura (vartamAna maMdasaura) ke nivaasiithe| isa prakAra yahA~ pUrvadhara Aryabhadragupta ke kathAnaka ko zrutakevalIbhadrabAhu se jor3ane kA asaphala prayAsa huaahai| yahabhI jJAtavya hai ki Aryabhadragupta aura AryarakSita ke samaya taka jinakalpa kA pracalana thA, yadyapi acelakatA ke samarthaka jinakalpa ke sAtha-sAtha pAtra, kambala Adi ke grahaNa ke rUpa meM sthavira kalpa bhI pracalita thaa| AryarakSita ne eka ora varSAkAla meM atirikta pAtra kI anumati dIthI, vahIM dUsarI ora apane pitA ko nagnatA grahaNa karavAne hetu kuzalatApUrvaka eka yukti bhI racI thii| isI kAla kI mathurA kI jinamUrtiyoM ke pAdapITha para jo muniyoM ke aMkana haiM, ve bhI ise puSTa karate haiM, kyoMki unameM nagna muni ke aMkana ke sAtha kambala, mukhavastrikA evaMjholI sahita pAtra pradarzita haiN| (ina aMkanoM ke citrajaina dharma kAyApanIya sampradAya nAmaka graMtha ke aMta meM pradarzita haiM aura ye mUrtiyA~ aura pAdapITha lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM upalabdha haiN)| isake pazcAt, digaMbara paraMparA meM hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke kathAnaka ke sAtha ardha sphAlaka evaM zvetAmbara paraMparA kI utpatti ke kathAnaka upalabdha hote haiN| aMtara yaha hai ki jahA~ devasena ne isa ghaTanA ko vIra nirvANa saM. 606 meM ghaTita batAyA, vahA~ hariSeNa ne spaSTataH ise zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se jor3akara I.pU. tIsarI zatI meM btaayaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne isameM devasena dvArA ullekhita zAntyAcArya ke sthAna para rAmilla, sthUlavRddha (sthUlAcArya) aura sthUlibhadra - aise tIna anya AcAryoM ke nAma diye haiN| inameM sthUlibhadra ke nAma kI puSTi to zvetAmbara srotoM se hotI hai, kintu rAmilla aura sthUlavRddha kauna the, usakI puSTi anya kisI bhI srota se nahIM hotI hai| isameM sthUlibhadra ko bhI eka sthAna para chor3akara anyatra bhadrAcArya kahA gayA hai| eka vizeSa bAta isa kathAnaka meM yaha hai ki isameM ardhasphAlakoM meM zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti batAI hai| ise kambala tIrtha bhI kahA gayA hai aura kathAnaka ke

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12 aMta meM kambalatIrtha se sAvalIpattana meM yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti dikhAI hai, jabaki aitihAsika dRSTi se satya yaha hai ki bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM jo munisaMgha dakSiNa meM calA gayA, use vahA~ ke jalavAyu ke kAraNa nagna rahane meM vizeSa kaThinAI nahIM huI, kintu jo munisaMgha uttara meM rahA, use uttara-pazcima meM jalavAyu kI pratikUlatA ke kAraNa nagna rahate hue bhI kambala evaM pAtrAdi svIkAra karanA par3e tathA isI kAraNa jinakalpa evaM sthavirakalpa kA vikAsa huaa| ise utsarga evaM apavAda mArga bhI kaha sakate haiM / - zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa ke vivAda ke pazcAt IsA kI dUsarI zatI meM do varga bane / eka varga ne pUrva meM gRhIta kambala aura pAtra ko yathAvat rakhA isase hI kAlAMtara meM varttamAna zvetAMbara saMgha kA vikAsa huA aura dUsarA varga, jisane kambala aura pAtra kA tyAga karake uttara bhArata meM punaH acelakatva aura pANIpAtra kI pratiSThA kI thI aura jise zvetAmbaroM ne boTika kahA thA, vahI Age calakara dakSiNa meM pahale mUlagaNa yA mUlasaMgha ke nAma se aura phira yApanIya saMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| jJAtavya hai ki isa saMbaMdha meM vistRta sapramANa carcA maiMne jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya nAmaka apane graMtha meM kI hai| icchuka vyakti use vahA~ dekha sakate haiN| " 34 jJAtavya hai ki idhU ne apane bhadrabAhucaritra meM kambala dhAraka arddha nagna muniyoM se zvetAmbara paraMparA kA udbhava dikhAyA, vaha to ThIka hai, kintu unhoMne zvetAmbaroM se yApanIyoM kI utpatti dikhAI, vaha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki zvetAMbara aura yApanIyadonoM kA vikAsa uttara bhArata kI sthavirakalpI muniyoM kI paraMparA se huA hai, jo nagna rahate hue bhI kambala, pAtra evaM mukhavastrikA rakhate the / lagabhaga 15vIM zatI meM raidhU ne aura solahavIM zatI meM ratnanaMdI ne jo bhadrabAhu caritra race, unameM pUrva kI anuzrutiyoM meM svaira kalpanA se bhI naI-naI bAteM jor3a dI haiM, jaise - muniyoM dvArA rAtri meM bhikSA lAkara dina meM khAnA, bhikhAriyoM dvArA muni kA peTa cIrakara usameM se anna nikAlakara khA jAnA, rAtri meM bhikSArtha Aye nagna muni ko dekhakara strI kA garbhapAta ho jAnA, sthUlavRddha ke ziSyoM dvArA unakI hatyA karanA, unakA vyantara ke rUpa meM janma honA aura apane una duSTa ziSyoM ko kaSTa denA, ziSyoM dvArA unakI haDDI yA kASTha paTTikA para aMkita caraNa kI pUjA karanA Adi / " jJAtavya hai ki bhAvasena ne zvetAmbaroM meM pracalita zAMtipATha aura zAMti snAtra ko dekhakara zAntyAcArya kI kathA gar3hI, to raidhU evaM ratnanaMdI ne zvetAmbaroM meM sthApanAcArya kI paraMparA ko dekhakara

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13 sthUlAcArya kI yaha kathA gar3hI hai| jJAtavya hai ki sthApanAcArya ke rUpa meM pA~ca koDiyA yA kASTha paTTikA rakhane kI paraMparA zvetAmbaroM meM hai| sthApanAcArya kA ullekha to bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI milatA hai| bhadrabAhu ke jIvanavRtta meM vipratipattiyA~ ina kathAnakoM kI svairakalpanAoM ke jor3ane se na kevala aitihAsika prAmANikatA khaNDita huI, apitu inakI pArasparika visaMgatiyA~ bhI bar3hatI gaIM / isa saMbaMdha meM maiM apanI ora se kucha na kahakara AcArya hastImalajI evaM DaoN. rAjArAmajI" ke mantavyoM ke AdhAra para kucha visaMgatiyoM ko prastuta kara rahA hU~(1) dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla kahA~ par3A, isa saMbaMdha meM mataikya nahIM haiN| hariSeNa, devasena evaM ratnanaMdI ne ujjayinI meM batAyA, to raidhU ne use magadha meM kahA aura bhAvasena ne use sindhu-sauvIra deza meM btaayaa| (2) bhadrabAhu dakSiNApatha gaye athavA nahIM - isa saMbaMdha meM bhI mataikya nahIM haiN| hariSeNa, devasena Adi ne unheM avantI pradeza meM rahane kA ullekha kiyA, to raidhU ne unheM pATaliputra se dakSiNa jAne kA saMketa kiyaa| (3) hariSeNa ne candragupta muni ko hI vizAkhAcArya batAyA hai, jabaki devasena aura ratnaMdIne caMdragupta muni aura vizAkhAcArya ko alaga-alaga mAnA hai| (4) zvetAmbaramata kI utpatti ke prasaMgameM jahA~ devasena nezAntyAcArya ke ziSya jinacandra kAullekha kiyA, vahA~ anya sabhIne sthUlavRddha ke ziSyoM kA ullekha kiyaa| (5) jahA~ devasena ne zvetAMbara mata kI utpatti vikrama saMvat 136 arthAt vIra nirvANa saM. 606 meM mAnI, vahA~ anyoM ne use zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3akara use bIranirvANasaMvat 162 ke pUrva maanaa| (6) bhAbasena ne caMdragupta ke muni hone kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA, jabaki anyoM ne unake muni hone kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu raidhU ne ise candragupta maurya (prathama) ke sthAna para usake pautra azoka kAbhIpautra nirUpita kiyA hai, jabaki kAlika dRSTi se zrutakevalIbhadrabAhu aura isa azoka ke pautra caMdragupta meM koI saMgati nahIM hai| punaH, azoka ke pautra kA nAma caMdragupta thA, isakI aitihAsika AdhAra para koI puSTi nahIM hotI hai|

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(7) isI prakAra, zvetAmbaroM ke utpatti se saMbaMdhita ghaTanAkrama meM pratyeka lekhaka ne apanI svaira kalpanA kA prayoga kiyA hai, ataH unameM bhI aneka vipratipattiyA~ dikhAI detI haiM, jinake saMketapUrva meM kiye gaye haiN| (8) bhadrabAhu ke svargavAsa sthala ke saMbaMdha meM bhI ina kathAnakoM meM matabheda hai| kisI ne use bhAdrapada dezamAnA, to kisI ne dakSiNapatha kI guhATavI mAnA hai| Azcarya hai ki 16vIM zatI meM hue ratnanaMdI taka kisI ne bhI use zravaNabelagolA nahIM batAyA hai| isa prakAra kI aneka vipratipattiyoM ke kAraNa digaMbara paraMparA meM pracalita bhadrabAhu saMbaMdhI ina kathAnakoM kI aitihAsika prAmANikatA para praznacihna laga jAtA hai, ataH unameM nihita tathyoM kI aitihAsika dRSTi se gahana samIkSAapekSita hai| digambara paraMparA meM varNita bhadrabAhucaritra saMbaMdhI kathAnakoM meM uttara bhArata ke dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla, unake ziSya vizAkhAcArya ke dakSiNa gamana, jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa ke vibhAjana tathA zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya sampradAyoM ke udbhava ke kathAnaka hI vistAra se varNita haiN| merI dRSTi meM ina sabameM satyAMza itanA hI hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya magadha meM duSkAla athavA rAjanItika asthiratA kI sthiti rahI hai, phalataH unakI ziSya paraMparA ne dakSiNa meM pravAsa kiyA ho- yaha bhI satya hai ki halasI (dhAravAr3a) ke pA~cavI zatI ke abhilekhoM meM zvetapaTTa, yApanIya, kUrcaka evaM nirgrantha sampradAyoM ke jo ullekha haiM, unameM nirgrantha sampradAya saMbhavataH zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI ziSya paraMparA se saMbaMdhita rahA hai, jabaki yApanIya sampradAya, jo kramazaH bhadrAnvaya (tIsarI zatI) evaM mUlasaMgha (caturtha zatI) ke nAmoM se abhihita hotA huA halasI (pA~cavI zatI) meM yApanIya sampradAya ke nAma se hI abhihita huA"-usakA saMbaMdha bhI bhadra nAmaka AcArya se rahA hai, phira ve cAhe zivabhUti ke ziSya aura Arya nakSatra ke guru Aryabhadragupta (I. dUsarI zatI kA pUrvArddha) hoM athavA unakI ziSya paraMparA meM hue gautama gotrIya Aryabhadra (I. tIsarI kA pUrvArddha), jinake nAma se bhadrAnvaya calA aura jo niyuktiyoM ke kartA haiM tathA jo Arya viSNu ke praziSya Arya kAlaka ke ziSya tathA sthavira vRddha ke guru aura skandila evaM siddhasena divAkara ke praguru rahe haiM, ye sabhI yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara donoM ke pUrvaja rahe haiM- yahI kAraNa hai ki ye dakSiNa bhArata meM vikasita acelakatva kI samarthaka digambara aura yApanIya paraMparA meM bhI mAnya rahe haiN|

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merI dRSTi meM digambara paraMparA kI paTTAvalI meM ullekhita Arya nakSatra aura Arya viSNubhI ve hI haiM, jinakA ullekha kalpasUtra evaM naMdIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM milatA hai|" isI prakAra, digambara paraMparA ke bhadrabAhu kathAnakoM meM ullekhita sthUlabhadra, rAmilla aura sthUlavRddha (sthUlAcArya) kisI eka bhadrabAhu se saMbaMdhita na hokara pRthakpRthak bhadra nAmaka AcAryoM se haiN| sthUlabhadra kA saMbaMdha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se rahA haisaMbhavataH inake dvArA jinakalpa ke sthAna para sthavira kalpa kA vikAsa huA ho| ho sakatA hai ki rAmilla kA saMbaMdha bhadrAnvaya ke saMsthApaka Arya bhadragupta se ho aura ye rAmillAcArya vidizA meM sthApita jinamUrtiyoM meM ullekhita rAmagupta hoM, inase hI Age calakaraM bhadrAnvaya aura yApanIya sampradAya kA vikAsa huA hai, jabaki sthUlavRddha vastutaH sthavira vRddha hoM, jinake ziSyoM se vartamAna zvetAmbara paraMparA kA vikAsa huaa| jJAtavya hai, kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra gautamagotrIya AryabhadrasthaviravRddha ke guru haiM / isa prakAra, ye tInoM bhadra nAmaka tIna alaga-alaga AcAryoM se saMbaMddha rahe, jinheM zrutakevalIAryabhadrabAhu kI kathA ke sAthagaDDa-maDDa kara diyA gyaahai| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki paravartI digambara AcAryoM ne jo bhadrabAhu kathAnaka taiyAra kiye, unameM anuzrutiyoM se prApta ina bhadra nAmaka vibhinna AcAryoM ke kathAnakoM ko Apasa meM milA diyA aura zvetAmbara ko ati nimna starIya yA bhraSTa dikhAne ke liye ghaTanAkramoM kI svaira kalpanA se racanA kara dii| yadi usa yuga ke zvetAmbara muni itane nimna evaM bhraSTa AcaraNavAle hote, to halasI ke usa abhilekha meM (jisameM nirgranthoM evaM zvetAmbaroM kA sAtha-sAtha ullekha huA hai) zvetAmbaroM ke liye- arhatprokta saddharmakaraNaparasTA zvetapaTTamahAzramaNa saMgha jaisI AdarasUcaka zabdAvalI kA prayoga nahIM hotaa|"jnyaatvy hai ki yaha abhilekha dakSiNabhArata ke uttarI karnATaka ke usa kSetra kA hai, jahA~ nirgrantha digambara sampradAya evaM yApanIya sampradAya adhika prabhAvazAlI thaa| vahA~ rAjA ke dvArA I. san kI pA~cavIM zatI ke zvetAmbaroM ke liye mahAtapasvI jaise zabdoM ke prayoga se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki usa yuga ke zvetAmbara muni itane AcArahIna nahIM the, jaisA ki inabhadrabAhu caritroM meM unheM citrita kiyA gayA hai| __ AcArya hastImalajI ne jaina dharma ke maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 357 para isa tathya para prakAza DAlA hai ki paravartIkAla meM racita digambara paraMparA ke ina bhadrabAhu caritroM meM kisa prakAra svaira kalpanAoM dvArA dUsare sampradAyoM ko nIcA dikhAne ke liye

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16 ghaTanAkrama jor3e jAte rahe / unake anusAra, digambara paraMparA ke vibhinna graMthoM ke adhyayana se yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki vibhinna kAloM meM bhadrabAhu nAma ke pA~ca AcArya hue haiN| unhoMne kAlakrama ke anusAra inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA hai - 1. zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu (vIra nirvANa saM. 162, arthAt I. pU. tIsarI zatI), 2. 29veM paTTadhara bhadrabAhu ( vIra nirvANa saM. 492-515 arthAt IsA kI prathama zatI), 3. nandisaMgha balAtkAragaNa kI paTTAvalI meM ullekhita bhadrabAhu (vIra nirvANa saM. 609-631 arthAt IsA kI dUsarI zatI), 4. nimitajJa bhadrabAhu ( IsA kI tIsarI zatI, vIra nirvANa AThavIMnauvIM zatI), 5. prathama aMgadhArI bhadrabAhu (vIra nirvANa saMvat 1000 ke pazcAt ) / yahA~ ina pA~ca bhadrabAhu nAmaka AcAryoM kI saMgati zvetAmbara paraMparA se kaise saMbhava hai - yaha vicAra karanA apekSita hai - | (1) aMtima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu jinakA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa saM. 162 meM huA, ye 14 pUrva va 12 aMgoM ke jJAtA the / zvetAmbara paraMparAnusAra ye sAtaveM aura digambara paraMparAnusAra ye AThaveM paTTadhara the| ye sacela-acela donoM paraMparA ko mAnya rahe haiN| inake samaya meM utsarga aura apavAda mArga yA sthavirakalpa aura jinakalpa kI vyavasthAe~ pRthak-pRthak huii| ye chedasUtroM ke karttA haiN| chedasUtroM meM utsarga aura apavAda mArgoM tathA jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kI carcA hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki unake kAla meM vastra - pAtra vyavasthA kA pracalana thA / punaH, yadi bhadrabAhu (prathama) ko uttarAdhyayana kA saMkalanakarttA mAnA jAye, to usameM bhI chedasUtroM ke tathA sacela-acela paraMparAoM ke ullekha haiM / punaH, vidvAnoM ne pUrvoM ko pArzvApatya paraMparA se sambaddha mAnA hai| cUMki chedasUtroM kA AdhAra pUrva the aura pUrva pArzvApatya paraMparA ke AcAra mArga kA pratipAdana karate the, ataH chedasUtroM meM vastra-pAtra ke ullekha pArzvapatyoM se saMbaMdhita the, jo Age calakara mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM mAnya ho gye| inakA kAla I.pU. tIsarI zatI hai / (2) 29veM paTTadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu (aparanAma - yazobAhu), jo ATha aMgoM ke jJAtA the, inakA kAla vIra nirvANa saM. 492 se 515 (I. pU. prathama zatI) mAnA gayA hai| AcArya hastimalajI ke isa ullekha kA AdhAra saMbhavataH koI digambara paTTAvalI hogii| harivaMzapurANa meM yazobAhu ko mahAvIra kA 27vA~ paTTa batAyA gayA hai / isa kAla meM koI bhadrabAhu yA yazobAhu nAmaka AcArya hue haiM,

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17 isakI puSTi zvetAmbara srotoM se nahIM hotI hai| (3), nandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa kI paTTAvalI meM ullekhita vIra nirvANa saM. 609 se 631 ke madhya AcArya pada para rahe hue AcArya bhadrabAhu ke ziSya guptigupta the| AcArya hastimalajI ke anusAra inhIM bhadrabAhu ke kathAnaka ko thor3A atiraMjita karake hI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM vastutaH ye zivabhUti ke ziSya bhadragupta the| inake kAla meM vIra nirvANa saMvat 606 yA 609 meM uttara bhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha meM puna: acelakatva kI pratiSThA huI evaMboTika yAyApanIya paraMparA kA vikAsabhI isI kAla meM huaa| nandIsUtra evaM kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM inakA ullekha zivabhUti ke ziSya ke rUpa meM hai| zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM meM ziSya zrIgupta kA ullekha hai| saMbhava hai ki zrIgupta hI guptigupta hoN| (4) nimitajJa bhadrabAhu digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra gyAraha aMga ke viccheda ke pazcAt hue haiN| zrutaskandha ke kartA ke anusAra inakA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM ye gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra haiM, jo niyukti ke kartA tathA Arya viSNu ke praziSya aura Arya kAlaka ke ziSya haiM tathA sthaviravRddha ke guru aura siddhasena divAkara ke dAdAguru haiM / yahI kAla skandila kI mAthurI evaM vallabhI kI nAgArjuna kI vAcanA kA hai, kyoMki AgamoM kI mAthurI vAcanA evaM niyuktiyA~ yApanIyoM ko mAnyarahI haiN| (5) vIra nirvANa ke 1000 varSa pazcAt hue bhadrabAhu digambara paramparA ke anusAra prathama aMga ke dhAraka the / merI dRSTi meM ye zvetAmbara prabaMdhoM meM ullekhita varAhamihira ke bhAI bhadrabAhu haiN| varAhamihira kI paMca siddhAntikA meM usakA racanAkAla zaka saM. 427 batAyA hai, isameM 135 varSa jor3ane para vikrama saM. 562 AtA hai| isameM 470 jor3ane para vIra nirvANa saM. 1032 AtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isakA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM nahIM hai| yadi hemacandra kI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para isameM 60 varSa kama bhI kareM, to bhI inakA kAla vIra nirvANasaM. 972 AtA hai, jo isa vAcanA ke mAtra 8 varSa pUrva hai, ataH kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM inakA ullekha hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| inake samaya meM zvetAmbara sampradAya eka svatantra sampradAya ke rUpa meM astitva meM A gayA thA

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18 aura zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIyoM ke bIca bheda rekhA spaSTa ho cukI thI / isa prakAra, AcArya hastimalajI dvArA ullekhita digambara paraMparA meM vibhinna kAloM meM hue pA~ca bhadrabAhu meM se cAra kA ullekha zvetAmbara strotoM meM prAcyagotrIya bhadrabAhu, bhadragupta, gautama gotrIya Aryabhadra aura naimittika varAhamihira ke bhAI bhadrabAhu nAma se prApta hotA hai / ina cAroM kI digambara strotoM se prApta nAmoM se kAlika samarUpatA bhI hai| 42 jJAtavya hai, zvetAmbara paraMparA meM titthogAlI paiNNA evaM cUrNikAla taka bhadrabAhu ke jIvanavRtta meM unakA pUrvadhara honA, dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ke pazcAt pATaliputra meM huI prathama Agama vAcanA, usameM bhadrabAhu kI anupasthiti, saMgha dvArA pUrvoM kI vAcanA dene kA anurodha, vRddhAvasthA evaM mahAprANa dhyAna sAdhanA meM vyastatA ke kAraNa bhadrabAhu dvArA apanI asamarthatA yA anyamanaskatA vyakta karanA, saMgha dvArA saMbhoga - viccheda kI sthiti dekhakara saMgha kA anurodha svIkAra kara sthUlibhadra Adi ko vAcanA denA, sthUlabhadra dvArA siMha rUpa banAkara vidyA kA pradarzana karanA, bhadrabAhu dvArA Age vAcanA dene se iMkAra, vizeSa anurodha para mAtra mUla kI vAcanA denA Adi ghaTanAe~ varNita haiM / vahIM naMdarAja dvArA maMtrI zakaDAla ke sAtha durvyavahAra, sthUlabhadra se vairAgya prApta kara dIkSita honA Adi ghaTanAe~ ullekhita haiM, 12 kintu inameM kahIM bhI varAhamihira kA ullekha nahIM hai / 'gacchAcAra pannA kI doghaTTIvRtti se lekara prabaMdha - ciMtAmaNi, prabaMdhakoza Adi ke bhadrabAhucaritra meM mAtra varAhamihira saMbaMdhI kathAnaka hI varNita hai, kintu jJAtavya hai ki ye sabhI racanAe~ IsA kI 11vIM zatI ke bAda kI haiN| inameM bhadrabAhu ke sAtha varAhamihira kA dIkSita honA, phira zramaNa paryAya kA tyAga karake apane dvArA 12 varSa taka sUrya vimAna meM rahakara jyotiSa cakra kI jAnakArI prApta karane kA mithyA pravAda phailAnA, rAjapurohita bana jAnA, varAhamihira ko putra kI prApti honA, usa putra ke dIrghajIvI hone kI bhaviSyavANI karanA, isI samaya usa putra ke bAre meM bhadrabAhu kI bhaviSyavANI satya siddha hone ke ullekha haiM / ina prabaMdhoM ke dvArA inheM caturdaza pUrvadhara aura niyukti kA karttA bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra, zvetAmbara evaM digambara strotoM meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura naimittika bhadrabAhu ke kathAnakoM ko milA diyA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, ina donoM ke madhya meM hue Aryabhadragupta aura gautamagotrIya AryabhaTTa nAmaka AcAryoM ke kathAnaka evaM kRtitva bhI inameM ghula mila gaye haiM, jinakI samyak samIkSA karake unakA vizleSaNa karanA apekSita hai /

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19 AcAryabhadrabAhu kA kRtitva jahA~ taka zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyoM kA prazna hai, unako dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa' (bRhatkalpa) aura vyavahAra nAmaka chedasUtroM kA kartA mAnA gayA hai|" dazAzrutaskandha niyukti aura anya strotoM se isakI puSTi hotI hai| kucha logoM ne inheM nizItha kA kartA bhI mAnA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM merA ciMtana yaha hai ki na kevala nizItha, apitu saMpUrNa AcAracUlA, jisakA eka bhAga nizItha rahA hai, usake kartA zrI zrutakevalIbhadrabAhu haiM, kyoMki usa kAla taka nizItha AcAracUlA kAhI ekabhAgathA aura usase usakA pRthakkaraNa nahIM huaathaa| isake atirikta, bhadrabAhu ke kRtitva ke saMbaMdha meM jo naI bAta mujhe jJAta huI, vaha yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke saMkalanakartA bhI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana aMgaAgamoM evaM pUrvo se uddhRta haiN| isa prakAra, uttarAdhyayana eka kartRka nahIM hokara eka saMgraha graMtha hI siddha hotA hai, ataH isakA kartA kauna hai, yaha prazna nirarthaka hai| phira bhI, yaha prazna to banA hI rahatA hai ki isakA saMgraha yA saMkalana kisane kiyA? prAcInakAla meM saMgrAhaka yA saMkalanakartA kahIM bhI apanA nAma nirdeza nahIM karate the, ataH isa saMbaMdha meM eka saMbhAvanA yaha vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana pUrvo se uddhRta haiM, ataH usake saMkalanakartA koI pUrvadhara AcArya rahe hoNge| pUrvadharoM meM bhadrabAhu kA nAma mahatvapUrNa hai, ataH bhadrabAhu uttarAdhyayana ke saMkalanakartA hai, yaha saMbhAvanA vyakta kI jA sakatI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM eka pramANa AcArya AtmArAmajI ne apanI uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA meM diyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki 'bhadrabAhunA proktAni bhadrabAhvAni uttarAdhyayanAni' arthAta bhadrabAhu dvArA prokta hone se uttarAdhyayanoM ko bhadrabAhava bhI kahA jAtA hai / isa AdhAra para kaI vidvAnoM ne uttarAdhyayana ke saMkalanakartA ke rUpa meM bhadrabAhu ko mAnane kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai| AtmArAmajI ma.sA. ne bhI uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA meM yaha nirdeza to kiyA hai ki uttarAdhyayana kA eka nAma bhadrabAhava' bhI hai, kintu uttarAdhyayana kA yaha nAma kahA~ upalabdha hotA hai, isakA ullekha unhoMne nahIM kiyA hai, kintu unake anusAra uparokta paMkti ke AdhAra parabhadrabAhu ko uttarAdhyayana kA racayitA mAnane kA koI aucitya nahIM hai, ki uparyukta kathana meM bhadrabAhunA ke sAtha proktAni kriyApada prayukta huA hai, jisakI vyutpatti prakarSaNa uktAni proktAni' hai, arthAt vizeSa rUpa se vyAkhyAta,

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vivecita yAadhyApita hai| proktAni kA artha racitAni nahIM ho sakatA hai- isa bAta kI puSTi zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke prokte (3/1/69), hema vyAkaraNa ke 'tena prokte' (6/3/18) tathA pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke tena proktaM (4/3/10) sUtroM kI vyAkhyA se bhI hotI hai| punaH, bhASAzailI evaM viSayavastu kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para bhI uttarAdhyayana ke sabhI adhyayanoM ko eka kAla kI racanA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM eka ora prAcIna arddhamAgadhI prAkRta ke zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai, to dUsarI ora arvAcIna mahArASTI prAkRta ke zabdabhI upalabdha hote haiN| zailI kI dRSTi se bhI kucha adhyayana vyAsa zailI meM likhe gaye haiM, to kucha samAsa zailI meM haiM, ataH ye saba tathya bhI uttarAdhyayana ke eka kartRka mAnane meM visaMgati utpanna karate haiN| phira bhI, isa AdhAra para itanA to mAnA hI jA sakatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke saMkalanakartA saMbhavataH bhadrabAhu rahe hoM / yaha spaSTa hai ki niyukti meM uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayanoM para niyukti likhI gaI hai, ataH niyuktikAra ke samakSa chattIsa adhyayanarUpa uttarAdhyayana upasthita thaa| yadi niyuktiyoM ke kartA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu (prathama) ko mAnate haiM, to hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki uttarAdhyayana kA saMkalana usake pUrva ho cukA thA aura yaha saMbhava hai ki usake saMkalanakartA bhI ve svayaM hoM, kyoMki jisa prakAra unhoMne chedasUtroM kI racanA kara una para niyukti likhI, usI prakAra unhoMne uttarAdhyayana kA saMkalana karake usa para niyukti likhI ho, yadyapi unheM niyukti kA kartA mAnanA vivAdAspada hai| dUsare, yadi niyukti ke kartA ke rUpa meM gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra athavA anya vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) ko mAnA jAye, to bhI yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke saMkalanakarttApAiNNagotrIya Arya bhadrabAhu rahe hoN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke ikatIsaveM adhyayana kI satrahavIM gAthA meM dazAdi ke chabbIsa adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai, ataH uttarAdhyayana ke saMkalana ko ina chedasUtroM se paravartI mAnanA hogaa| ina chedasUtroM ke racayitA svayaM prAcya gotrIya bhadrabAhu svayaM hI haiM, ataH saMbhava hai ki unhoMne ina chedasUtroM kI racanA ke bAda uttarAdhyayana kA saMkalana kiyA ho| ataH, isase uttarAdhyayana ke saMkalanakartA bhadrabAhu prathama ko mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai|

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isa prakAra yaha nizcita hai ki dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra- ina chedasUtroM ke kartA bhadrabAhu (prathama) haiM, sAtha hI nizItha sahita AcAracUlA ke kartA bhI ve haiM- yaha saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI gaI hai, jo nirAdhAra nahIM hai| isI prakAra, unake uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke saMkalanakartA hone kI saMbhAvanA se bhI iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu niyuktiyoM ke kartA AryabhadrabAhu prathama nahIM haiM, to kauna haiM ? isa prazna para maiMne alaga se eka svataMtra nibaMdha meM vicAra kiyA hai, jo Aspects of Jainology, Vol. 6, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinaMdana graMtha meM prakAzita hai, ataH isa nibaMdha ko yahI virAma dete haiN| saMdarbha 1. AcArya hastimala jI, jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga-2, jayapura (rAja.), 1974 I., pR. 327. 2. . ........... the author of the Niryukties Bhadrabahu is indentified by the Jainas with the patriarch of that name, who died 170 A.V. There can be no doubt that they are mistaken, For the account of the seven schisms (ninhaga) in the Avasyaka Niryukti, VIII-56-100, must have been written between 584 and 609 of the Vira era. There are the dates of the 7th and 8th schims of which only the former is mentioned in the Niryukti. It is therefore certain that the Niryukti was composed before 8th schism609.A.V.-uddhRta, jainadharmakAmaulikaitihAsa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 359. there ajja jasabhahassa tuMgiyAyaNa saguttassa ime do therA ajjabhaddabAhu pAiNasagutte there ajja saMbhUti vijae mADharasagutte... there ajjabhaddabAhU pAiNasagotte, there ajja saMbhUyavijaye maaddhrsgotte| therassaNaM ajjabhaddabAhussa pAiNagottassa ise cattAri therA aMtevAsI ahAvaccA abhiNNAyA hotthA, taM jahA-there godAse 1 there aggidatte 2 there jaNNadatte 3 there somadatte 4 kAsavagotte nnN|therehiNto godAse hito kAsavaguttehiMto itthaNaM godAsagaNe nAmaMgaNe niggae, tassa NaM imAo cattAri sAhAo evamAhijjaMti, taM jahA- tAmalittiyA 1 koDIvarisiyA 2 poMDavaddhaNiyA 3 dAsIkhabbaDiyA 4 / - kalpasUtra therAvalI, 207

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4. 5. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR. 374. - (a) gacchAcAra painnA doghaTTIvRtti, gAthA 82 kI vRtti, uddhRta jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR. 327-330. (ba) dakSiNApathe pratiSThAnapure bhadrabAhu varAhAhrau dvau dvijo kumArau / cakArAnazanaM dhIraH sa dinAni bahUnyalam // 43 // -bRhatkathAkoza, kathAnaka saMkhyA 131, , zloka saM. : 22 - prabaMdhakoza, pR. 2. 6. prabandhacintAmaNi, merutuMga, prakAzaka- siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA, granthAMka 1, zAMti niketana, baMgAla 1933 I., pR. 194.. 7. AsI ujjeNI Nayare AyAriyo bhaddabAhunAmeNa / - bhAvasaMgraha, devasena, 53. 8. athAsti viSaye kAnte pauNDavardhanenAmani / koTimataM puraM pUrvaM devakoTTaM ca sAmpratam // - bRhatkathAkoSa, hariSeNa, kathAnaka saMkhyA 131, zloka 1 . 9. iha ajjakhetti ... kautukapurammi... siribhaddabAhu ... bhadrabAhucaritra, raidhU, saM. rAjArAma jaina, pR. 2. 10. nepAla vattiNIe ya bhayavaM bhaddabAhusAmI acchaMti cauddassa puvvI / - AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga-2, patrAMka 178. 11. chattIse varisasae vikkama rAyassa maraNapattassa / . soraTThe uppaNNo sevaDasaMgho hu vallahIe // 137 // Asi ujjeNiNayare Ayariyo bhaddabAhu NAmeNa / jANiya suNimittadharo bhaNio saMgho mio teNa // 138 // hoii iha dubbhikkhaM bArahavarasANi jAva puNNANi / desaMtarAI gacchaha NiyaNiyasaMgheNa saMjuttA // 139 // ekkaM puNa saMtiNAmo saMpatto valahiNAmaNayarIe / bahusIsasaMpautto visae soraTThae rasme // 141 // - bhAvasaMgraha, devasena-gAthA, 137-39, 141, mANikacaMda digambara jaina graMthamAlA, muMbaI 1921 I. 12. prApya bhAdrapadaM dezaM zrImadujjayinIbhavam / . 23 se 43.

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23 13. sarvasaMghAdhipo jAto visssaacaarysNjnyk|| anena sahasaMgho'pisamasto guruvaakytH| dakSiNApathadezasthapunnATaviSayaM yyau||40|| -bRhatkathAkoza, kathAnaka saMkhyA 131, zloka 38-40. 14. kahAkosu, kartA-zrIcandra, prakAzaka-prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda 1966 I., saMdhi47, kaDaSaka 10. 15. puNyAstrava kathAkoza, sampA. - rAmacandra mumukSu, prakAzaka - bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvatpariSada 1998,pR. 225-227, kathAkramAMka 38. 16. bArahasahasa muNihiM sahiubhaddabAhurisi clliyu| jaMtaujaMtau kayavayadiNahiM aDavihiM pattu gunnlliyu|| -bhadrabAhu, cANakyacandragupta kathAnaka, raidhU,saM. - DaoN.rAjArAmajaina, 13 pR. 26. 17. dekheM - bhadrabAhucaritra, ratnanandI, pariccheda 3,zloka 47 se 53, prakAzaka - digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, 1966 I. 18. bhadrabAhu-cANakya-candragupta kathAnaka, sampA. - rAjArAma jaina, prastAvanA, 9-11. 19. soviyacoddasapuvI baarsvaasaaiNjogpddivnno| dejjana vadejavAvAyaNaM ti vaahippuutaav|| -titthogAlI, painnayaM 725, paiNNayasuttAI, saM. muni puNyavijaya, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1984 I. 20. mahApANaMNapaviThTho mi, iyANiM paviThTho mi, to na jAti vAyaNaM dAtuM ... / -AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga-2, patrAMka 187. 21. mahAvaMsa (10.65, 33. 43-79) ke anusAra zrIlaMkA meM bauddhadharma pahu~cane ke pUrva jaina dharma kA astitvthaa| pANDukAbhaya ne vahA~ joniva aura giri nAmaka nimranthoM ke lie caitya banavAye the| bAda meM maTTagAmiNI abhaya ne nirgranthoM kA vinAza kara diyaa|

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24 22. T.V.G. Sastri, "An Earlist Jaina Site in the Krishna Valley", Arhat Vacana, Vol. 1(3-4), June-Sept. 89, p. 23-54. 23. hIrAlAla jaina, sampA. - jainazilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-1, mANikacandra digambara jaina graMthamAlA, granthAMka 28, muMbaI 1928 I., lekhAMka 17-18.. 24. mahAvIra savitariparinivRte bhagavatparamarSi gautama gaNadhara sAkSAcchiSya lohArya - jambu-viSNudevAparAjita-govarddhana-bhadrabAhu-vizAkha-proSThila kRttikAryya - jayanAma siddhArtha dhRtiSeNabuddhilAdi guruparamparINa vakra (ka) mAbhyAgata mahApuruSasaMkRtikAryasamavadyotitAnvaya bhadrabAhu svAminA ujjayanyAmaSTAMga mahAnimitta tattvajJena traikAlyadarzinA nimittena dvAdazasaMvatsara-kAlavaiSamyamupalabhya kathite sarvassaGgha uttarApathAddakSiNApathaM prasthitaH - / pArzvanAthavasati zilAlekha, zaka saMvat 522, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-1, lekhAMka 1. 25. saptAzvivedasaMkhyaM, zakakAlamapAsya caitra shuklaadau| ardhAstamitebhAnau, yavanapure saumya divaasaadye|| ___-paMcasiddhAntikA aMtima prazasti, uddhRta-jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga-2, pR. 372. 26. caMdagutti rAyahu vikkhAyahu viNdusaarnnNdnnusNjaayhu| tahuputtu viasouhuupuNNauNauluNAmusuatahu uppnnnnu| .... NAmeM caMdagutti thunnNdnnusNjaayusjjnnuaannNdnnu| - bhadrabAhu-cANakya-caMdragupta kathAnaka, 10-11. 27. titthogAlIpainnaya- gAthA 714-752, paiNNayasuttAI, saM.-muni puNyavijayajI, prakAzaka mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI, san 1984. 28. (a) dekheM- jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 220 221. (ba) pecchai paribbhamanto dAhiNa dese siyambara pnno| - paumacariyaM (vimalasUri) prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI, 22/78.

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25 29. yApani (nI) ya nirgrnthkurckaanaaN...| - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-2, lekhakramAMka 99. 30. NadA va NAdamittA bidiA avarAjadA taijjA ya gAvaddhaNA cautthA pacamaA bhddbaahutti| - tiloyapaNatti, 4/1482. 31. (a) bRhatkathAkoza (hariSeNa), kathAnaka 131, zloka 45-81. (ba) bhAva saMgraha (devasena), gAthA 52-70. TippaNI - jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ hariSeNa ne rAmilla, sthavira evaM sthUlabhadra nAmaka tIna AcAryoM kA bhadrabAhu ke ziSya ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA hai, vahA~ bhAvasena ne mAtra zAntyAcArya kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra, donoM kathAnakoM meM nAmoM ke saMbaMdha meM antarvirodha hai| 32. nijjavaNabhaddagutte vIsuMpaDhaNaMcatassa puvvgyN| pavvAvioyabhAyArakkhiakhamaNehiM jnnoaa|| - Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 776. 33. bRhatkathAkoza, kathAnaka 131, zloka 62. 34. jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, sAgaramala jaina, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, pR. 44-45 evaM 363. 35. (a) bhadrabAhu-cANakya-candragupta kathAnaka, raidhU, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23. (ba) bhadrabAhucaritra, ratnanandI, pariccheda 3, zloka 56-84. 36. jainadharma kAmaulika itihAsa, pR.326-327, 343-344. 37. bhadrabAhu-cANakya-candragupta kathAnaka, prastAvanA, pRSTha 5-6 evaM 9-12. 38. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 96. 39. dekheM- (a) kalpasUtra sthavirAvali meM vistRta vAcanA ullekhita zivabhUti ke ziSya kAzyapagotrIyaAryabhadragupta aura gautamagotrIya aarybhdr| (ba) AcArya bhadrAnvayabhUSaNasya... - jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga-2, pR. 57. 40. (a) therassa NaM ajja sivabhUissa kucchaguttassa ajja bhadde there aMtevAsI kAsava gutte| therassa ajja kAlae goyamaguttassa ime do therA-there

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26 ajjasaMpalie there ajja bhadde / there ajja jehillassa... ajja vihU there / - kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI, 20-27. (ba) tato vaMde ya bhaddaguttaM / vaDDhau vAyagavaMso revainakkhatta nAmANaM - nandisUtra, sthavirAvalI, 31, 35. 41. saddharmakaraNaparasya zvetapaTTamahAzramaNasaMghasya / - jainazilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga3. lekhakramAMka 98. 42. ( a ) titthogAlIpainnayaM, saM munipuNyavijayI, gAthA 702 806. (ba) AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga-2, pR. 178, RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1929 I. 43. vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM pAINaM carimasayalasuyanANiM / suttassa kAragamisiM dasAsu kappe yavavahAre // - dazAzrutaskandhaniryukti, 1. 44. teNa bhagavatA AyArakappa, dasAkappa, vavahArA ya navamapuvvanI saMdabhUtA nijjUDhA| (jJAtavya hai ki nizItha kA eka nAma AcAraprakalpa bhI rahA ) - paMcakalpacUrNi, patra 1. 45. (a) aMgappabhavA jiNabhAsiyA ya ptteybuddhsNvaayaa| baMdhe mukkhe ya kayA chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNA // - uttarAdhyayananiryukti 4. (ba) kammappavAyapuvve sattarase pAhuDaMmi jaM suttaM / - uttarAdhyayananiryukti 67. 46. uttarAdhyayanasUtram, sampAdaka upAdhyAya AtmArAmajI, prastAvanA, T. 16-17. -

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27 2 - AcArya umAsvAti . (IsvI sana kI 3rI zatI) tattvArthasUtra ke praNetA umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya kI aMtima prazasti meM apane ko uccairnAgara zAkhA kA kahA hai tathA apanA janmasthAna nyagrodhikA batAyA hai, ataH uccairnAgara zAkhA ke utpatti-sthala evaM umAsvAti ke janmasthala kA abhijJAna (pahacAna) karanA Avazyaka hai| uccairnAgara zAkhA kA ullekha na kevala tattvArthabhASya meM upalabdha hotA hai, apitu zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM tathA mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra uccairnAgara zAkhA koTikagaNa kI eka zAkhA thii| mathurA ke 20 abhilekhoM meM koTigaNa tathA nau abhilekhoM meM uccairnAgara zAkhA kA ullekha milatA hai| koTikagaNa koTivarSa nagara ke nivAsI Arya susthita se nikalA thA / zvetAmbara paraMparA meM koTikagaNa kI utpatti kA kAraNa sUrimaMtra kA eka karor3a bAra japa karanA mAnA jAtA hai, kintu yaha bAta mAtra anuzruti rUpa hI hai| koTivarSa kI pahacAna purAtattvavidoM ne uttara baMgAla ke pharIdapura se kI hai| isI koTikagaNa ke Arya zAMtizreNika se uccairnAgara zAkhA ke nikalane kA ullekha hai| kalpasUtra ke gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM kA saMbaMdha vyaktiyoM yA sthAnoM (nagaroM) se rahA hai, jaise- vAraNagaNa vAraNAvarta se tathA koTikagaNa koTivarSa se saMbaMdhita thA, yadyapi kucha gaNa vyaktiyoM se bhI saMbaMdhita the| zAkhAoM meM kauzambiyA, koDambAnI, candranAgarI, mAdhyamikA, saurASTikA, uccai gara Adi zAkhAe~ mukhyatayA nagaroM se saMbaMdhita rahI haiN| umAsvAti kA janma sthAna nAgoda (ma.pra.) umAsvAti ne apanA janmasthAna 'nyagrodhikA' batAyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM bhI vidvAnoM ne aneka prakAra ke anumAna kiye haiN| cUMki umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya kI racanA kusumapura (paTanA) se kI thI, ataH adhikAMza logoM ne umAsvAti ke janmasthala kI pahacAna usI kSetra se karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| nyagrodha ko vaTa bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa AdhAra para pahAr3apura ke nikaTa baTagohalI, jahA~ se paMcastUpAnvaya kA eka tAmralekha milA hai, se bhI isakA samIkaraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM ye dhAraNAe~ samucita nahIM haiN| uccairnAgara zAkhA, U~ceharA se saMbaMdhita thI, usameM umAsvAti ke dIkSita hone kA artha yahI hai ki ve usake utpatti sthala ke nikaTa hI kahIM

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28 janmeM hoNge| uccairnAgara U~ceharA se mathurA, jahA~ uccanAgarI zAkhA ke adhikatama lekha prApta hue haiM tathA paTanA, jahA~ unhoMne tattvArthabhASya kI racanA kI, donoM hI lagabhaga samAna dUrI para avasthita rahe haiN| vahA~ se donoM sthAnoM kI dUrI 350 ki.mI. hai aura kisI jaina sAdhu ke dvArA yahA~ se eka mAha kI padayAtrA kara donoM sthaloM para AsAnI se pahu~cA jA sakatA thaa| svayaM umAsvAti ne hI likhA hai ki vihAra (padayAtrA) karate hue ve kusumapura (paTanA) pahu~ce the (vihrtaapurvrekusumnaamsti)| isase yahI lagatA hai ki nyagrodha, (nAgoda), kusumapura (paTanA) ke bahuta samIpa nahIM thaa| DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne saMgha vibhAjana sthala rahavIrapura kI pahacAna dakSiNa meM mahArASTa ke ahamadanagara jile ke rAhurI grAma se aura umAsvAti ke janmasthala kI pahacAna usI ke samIpa sthita nidhoja' se kI, kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai| prathama to vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se nyagrodha kA prAkRta rUpa nAgoda hotA hai, nidhoja nhiiN| dUsare umAsvAti jisa uccairnAgarazAkhA ke the, vaha zAkhA uttara bhArata kIthI, ataH unakA saMbaMdha uttara bhArata se hI rahA hogA aura isaliye unakA janmasthala bhI uttarabhArata meM hI hogaa| uccanAgarIzAkhA ke utpatti sthala U~ceharA se lagabhaga 30 ki.mI. pazcima kI ora 'nAgoda' nAma kA kasbA Aja bhI hai| AjAdI ke pUrva yaha eka svataMtra rAjya thA aura U~ceharA isI rAjya ke adhIna AtA thaa| nAgoda ke Asa-pAsa bhI jo prAcIna sAmagrI milI hai, usase yahI siddha hotA hai ki yaha bhI prAcIna nagara thaa| pro. ke.DI. bAjapeyI ne nAgoda se 24 ki.mI. dUra nacanA ke purAtAttvika mahatva para vistAra se prkaashddaalaahai| nAgoda kI avasthitipannA (ma.pra.), nacanA aura U~ceharA ke madhya hai| ina kSetroM meM zuMgakAla se lekara 9vIM-10vIM zatI taka kI purAtAttvika sAmagrI milatI hai, ataH isakI prAcInatA meM saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nAgoda nyagrodha kA hI prAkRta rUpa hai, ataH saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki umAsvAti kA janma-sthala yahI nAgoda thA aura jisa uccanAgarI zAkhA meM ve dIkSita hue the, vaha bhI usI ke samIpa sthita U~ceharA (uccakalpa nagara) se utpanna huI thii| tattvArthabhASya kI prazasti meM umAsvAti kI mAtA ko vAtsI kahA gayA hai| hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki vartamAna nAgoda aura U~ceharA - donoM hI prAcIna vatsa deza ke adhIna hI the| bharahuta aura isa kSetra ke Asa-pAsa jo kalA kA vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai, vaha kauzAmbI arthAt vatsadeza ke rAjAoM ke dvArA hI kiyA gayA thaa| U~ceharA vatsadeza ke dakSiNa kA eka prasiddha nagara thaa| bharahuta ke stUpa ke nirmANa meM bhI vAtsI gotra ke logoM kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna thA, aisA vahA~ se prApta

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abhilekhoM se pramANita hotA hai / bharahuta ke stUpa ke pUrvI toraNadvAra para vAcchIputta dhanabhUti kA ullekha hai| vatsagotra ke logoM kI bahulatA ke kAraNa hI yaha kSetra vatsa deza kahalAtA hogA aura umAsvAti kA janmasthala nAgoda madhyapradeza (nyagrodha) aura unakI uccairnAgara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala U~ceharA (ma.pra.) hai| punaH, unhoMne vartamAna paTanA (kusumapura) meM apanA tattvArthabhASya likhAthA, ataH ve uttara bhArata ke nigraMtha saMgha meM hue haiN| unakA vicaraNa kSetra paTanA se mathurA taka arthAt vartamAna bihAra, uttarapradeza, uttara-pUrvI madhyapradeza aura pazcimI rAjasthAna taka mAnAjAsakatA hai| isa prakAra, prastuta Alekha meM maiMne umAsvAti ke janmasthala aura vicaraNa kSetra kA vicAra kiyA, jo mukhyataH abhilekhIya aura sAhityika sAkSyoM para AdhArita hai| vidvAnoM se maiM inakI samyak samIkSA kI apekSA rakhatA hU~, tAki isa mahAn jaina dArzanika ke itivRtta ko anuzrutiyoM kI dhuMdha se nikAlakara aitihAsika pariprekSya meM samyakarUpeNa dekhA jaaske| umAsvAti kI uccairnAgara zAkhA kAutpattisthalaU~ceharA (ma.pra.) yahA~ hama uccairnAgara zAkhA ke saMdarbha meM hI carcA kreNge| vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki vaha uccairnAgara kahA~ sthita thA, jisase yaha zAkhA nikalI thI / munizrI kalyANavijayajI aura hIrAlAla kApar3iyA ne kaniMghama ko AdhAra banAte hue, isa uccairnAgara zAkhA kA saMbaMdha vartamAna bulaMdazahara pUrvanAma varaNa se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai| paM. sukhalAlajI ne bhI tattvArtha kI bhUmikA' meM isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kaniMghama likhate haiM ki 'varaNa yA bAraNa- yaha nAma hindU itihAsa meM ajJAta hai| baraNa' ke cAra sikke bulaMdazahara se prApta hue haiN| mulasamAna lekhakoM ne ise baraNa kahA hai| maiM samajhatA hU~ ki yaha vahI jagaha hogI aura isakA nAmakaraNa rAjA ahibaraNa ke nAma ke AdhAra para huA hogA, jo tomara vaMza se saMbaMdhita thA aura jisane yaha kilA banavAyA thaa| yaha kilA bahuta purAnA hai aura eka U~ce TIle para banA huA hai| isake AdhAra para hI hinduoM dvArA ise U~cA gA~va yA U~cA nagara kahA gayA hai aura musalamAnoM ne bulandazahara kahA hai|' yadyapi kaniMghama ne kahIM bhI isakA saMbaMdha uccairnAgara zAkhA se nahIM batAyA, kintu unake dvArA bulandazahara kA U~cA nagara ke rUpa meM ullekha hone se muni kalyANavijaya aura kApar3iyAjI tathA bAda meM paM. sukhalAlajI ne uccai garazAkhA ko bulandazahara se jor3ane ke prayAsa kiyaa| pro. kApar3iyA ne yadyapi apanA koI spaSTa

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30 1 abhimata nahIM diyA hai / ve likhate haiM- "isa zAkhA kA nAmakaraNa kisI nagara ke AdhAra para hI huA hogA, kintu isakI pahacAna apekSAkRta kaThina hai, kyoMki bahuta sAre aise grAma aura zahara haiM, jinake aMta meM 'nagara' nAma pAyA jAtA hai / ve Age bhI likhate haiM ki kaniMghama kA vizvAsa hai ki yaha U~cAnagara se saMbaMdhita hogA / " cUMki kaniMghama ne ArkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha iMDiyA ke 14veM khaNDa meM bulandazahara kA samIkaraNa U~cAnagara se kiyA thA, isI AdhAra para muni kalyANavijayajI ne yaha likha diyA hai ki "U~cA nagarI zAkhA prAcIna U~cAnagarI se prasiddha huI thI / U~cA nagarI ko Ajakala bulandazahara kahate haiM / " isa saMbaMdha meM paM. sukhalAlajI kA kathana hai- 'uccairnAgara' zAkhA kA prAkRta nAma 'uccAnagara' milatA hai / yaha zAkhA kisI grAma yA zahara ke nAma para prasiddha huI hogI, yaha to pratIta hotA hai, paraMtu yaha grAma kaunasA thA, yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai / bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM meM 'nagara' nAma se yA aMta meM 'nagara' zabdavAle aneka zahara tathA grAma hai / 'bar3anagara' gujarAta kA purAnA tathA prasiddha nagara hai| bar3a kA artha moTA (vizAla) aura moTA kA artha kadAcit U~cA bhI hotA hai, lekina gujarAta meM bar3anagara nAma bhI pUrvadeza ke usa athavA usa jaise nAma ke zahara se liyA gayA hogA, aisI bhI vidvAnoM kI kalpanA hai| isase uccanAgara zAkhA kA bar3anagara ke sAtha hI saMbaMdha hai, yaha jora dekara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake atirikta jaba uccanAgara zAkhA utpanna huI, usa kAla meM bar3anagara thA yA nahIM, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai / uccanAgara zAkhA ke udbhava ke samaya jainAcAryoM kA mukhya vihAra gaMgA-yamunA kI tarapha hone ke pramANa milate haiM / ataH, bar3anagara ke sAtha uccanAgara zAkhA ke saMbaMdha kI kalpanA sabala nahIM rahatI / "" isa viSaya meM kaniMghama kA kahanA hai "yaha bhaugolika nAma uttara-pazcima prAMta ke Adhunika bulandazahara ke aMtargata 'uccanagara' nAma ke kile ke sAtha mela khAtA hai, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki 'U~cAnagara zAkhA kA saMbaMdha bulandazahara tabhI jor3A jA sakatA hai, jaba usakA astitva I. pU. prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga rahA ho yA kama se kama usa kAla meM U~cA nagara kahalAtA bhI ho| isa nagara ke prAcIna 'baraNa ' nAma kA ullekha to hai, kintu yaha bhI 9 - 10vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA jJAta nahIM hotA / bAraNa (baraNa) nAma se kaba isakA nAma bulandazahara huA, isake saMbaMdha meM kisI natIje para pahu~cane meM unhoMne apanI asamarthatA vyakta kI hai| yaha hinduoM dvArA U~cAgA~va yA U~cA nagara kahA jAtA thA- mujhe to yaha bhI unakI kalpanA - sI pratIta hotI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM ve koI bhI pramANa prastuta nahIM kara sake haiN| 'barana' nAma kA ullekha bhI muslima

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31 I - itihAsakAroM ne dasavIM sadI ke bAda hI kiyA hai| itihAsakAroM ne isa U~cAgA~va kile kA saMbaMdha tomara vaMza ke rAjA ahivaraNa se jor3A hai, ataH isakI avasthiti IsA kI pA~cavIM - chaThavIM zatI se pUrva to siddha hI nahIM hotI / yahA~ se mile sikkoM para 'govitasabArANaye' - aisA ullekha hai / svayaM kaniMghama ne bhI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki ina sikkoM kA saMbaMdha vAraNAva yA vAraNAvata se rahA hogA / vAraNAvartta kA ullekha mahAbhArata meM bhI hai, jahA~ pANDavoM ne hastinApura se nikalakara vizrAma kiyA thA tathA jahA~ unheM jiMdA jalAne ke liye kauravoM dvArA lAkSAgRha kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA thA / bAraNAvA (bAraNAvata) meraTha se 16 mIla aura bulandazahara (prAcIna nAma barana) se 50 mIla kI dUrI para hiMDona aura kRSNA nadI ke saMgama para sthita hai / merI dRSTi meM vaha vAraNAvata vahI hai, jahA~ se jainoM kA 'vAraNagaNa' nikalA thA / 'vAraNagaNa' kA ullekha bhI kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI evaM mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / ataH, bAraNAbata (vAraNAvartta) kA saMbaMdha vAraNagaNa se ho sakatA hai, na ki uccairnAgarI zAkhA se, to koTika kI zAkhA thI / ataH, aba hameM isa bhrAMti kA nirAkaraNa kara lenA caahie| uccairnAgara zAkhA kA saMbaMdha kisI bhI sthiti meM bulandazahara se nahIM ho sakatA / yaha satya hai ki uccairnAgara zAkhA kA saMbaMdha kisI U~cAnagara se hI ho sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM hamane isase milate-julate nAmoM kI khoja prAraMbha kI hai| hameM U~cAhAra, U~caDIha, U~cIbastI, U~cauliyA, U~cAnA, U~cceharA Adi kucha nAma prApta hue| hameM ina nAmoM meM U~cAhAra (u. pra.) aura U~ceharA (ma.pra.) - ye do nAma adhika nikaTa pratIta hue| U~cAhAra kI saMbhAvanA bhI isaliye hameM ucita nahIM lagI ki usakI prAcInatA ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH hamane U~ceharA ko hI apanI gaveSaNA kA viSaya banAnA ucita smjhaa| U~ceharA madhyapradeza ke satanA jile meM satanA reDiyo sTezana se 10 ki.mI. dakSiNa kI ora sthita hai| U~ceharA se 7 ki.mI. uttara-pUrva kI ora bharahuta kA prasiddha stUpa sthita hai| isase isa sthAna kI prAcInatA kA bhI patA laga jAtA hai / varttamAna U~ceharA se lagabhaga 2 ki.mI. kI dUrI para pahAr3a ke paThAra para yaha prAcIna nagara sthita thA, isI se isakA U~cAnagara nAmakaraNa bhI sArthaka siddha hotA hai / varttamAna meM yaha vIrAna sthala 'khoha' kahA jAtA hai / vahA~ ke nagara nivAsiyoM ne mujhe yaha bhI batAyA ki pahale yaha uccakalpanagarI kahA jAtA thA aura yahA~ se bahuta sI purAtAttvika sAmagrI bhI nikalI thii| yahA~ se gupta kAla arthAt IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke rAjAoM ke kaI dAnapatra prApta hue haiN| ina tAmra- dAnapatroM meM uccakalpa (ucchakalpa) kA

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spaSTa ullekha hai, ye dAnapatra gupta saM. 156 se gupta saM. 209 ke bIca ke haiM / (vistRta vivaraNa ke liye dekheM - aitihAsika sthAnAvalI- vijayendra kumAra mAthura, pR 260261) / isase isa nagara kI guptakAla meM to avasthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai| punaH, jisa prakAra vidizA ke samIpa sAMcI kA stUpa nirmita huA hai, usI prakAra isa uccairnagara (U~caherA) ka samIpa bharahuta kA stUpa nirmita huA thA aura yaha stUpa I.pU. dUsarI yA prathama zatI kA hai| itihAsakAroM ne ise zuMga kAla kA mAnA hai| bharahuta ke stUpa ke pUrvI toraNa para vAcchiputa dhanabhUti' kA ullekha hai| punaH, abhilekhoM meM suganaM raje' - aisA ullekha hone se zuMga kAla meM isakA honA sunizcita hai| ataH, uccairnAgara zAkhA kA sthApanA kAla (lagabhaga I.pU. prathama zatI) aura isa nagara kA sattAkAla samAna hI hai| ise uccairnAgara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala mAnane meM kAla- dRSTi se koI bAdhA nahIM hai| U~ceharA (uccakalpanagara) eka prAcIna nagara thA, isameM aba koI saMdeha nahIM raha jaataa| yaha nagara vaizAlI yA pATalIputra se vArANasI hokara bharukaccha ko jAne vAle athavA zrAvastI se kauzAmbI hokara vidizA, ujjayinI aura bharukaccha jAne vAle mArga meM sthita hai| isI prakAra vaizAlI - pATaliputra se padmAvatI (paeNvAyA), gopAdri (gvAliyara) hote hue mathurA jAne vAle mArga para bhI isakI avasthiti thii| usa samaya pATalIputra se gaMgA aura jamunA ke dakSiNa se hokara jAne vAlA mArga hIadhika pracalita thA, kyoMki isase bar3I nadiyA~ nahIM AtI thIM, mArga pahAr3I hone se kIcar3a Adi bhI adhika nahIM hotaathaa| jaina sAdhuprAyaH yahI mArgaapanAte the| prAcIna yAtrA mArgoM ke AdhAra para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki U~cAnagara kI avasthiti eka pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM thii| yahA~ se kauzAmbI, prayAga, vArANasI Adi ke liye maargthe| pATalIputra ko gaMgA-yamunA Adi bar3I nadiyoM ko binA pAra kiye jo prAcIna sthala mArga thA, usake kendra nagara ke rUpa meM uccakalpa nagara (U~cAnagara) kI sthiti siddha hotI hai| yaha eka aisA mArgathA, jisameM kahIM bhI koI bar3I nadI nahIM AtI thI, ataH sArtha nirApada samajhakara ise hI apanAte the| prAcIna kAla se Aja taka yaha nagara dhAtuoM ke mizraNa ke bartanoM hetu prasiddha rahA hai| Aja bhI vahAM kAMse ke bartana sarvAdhika mAtrA meM banate haiN| U~ceharA kA uccaira' zabda se jo dhvani-sAmya hai, vaha bhI hameM isI niSkarSa ke lie bAdhya karatA hai ki uccairnAgara zAkhA kI utpatti isI kSetra se huI thii|

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33 umAsvAti kA kAla: umAsvAti ke kAla nirNaya ke saMdarbha meM jo bhI prayAsa hue haiM, ve sabhI unheM prathama se cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya siddha karate haiN| umAsvAti ke graMthoM meM hameM saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna siddhAMta kA sunizcita svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotA, yadyapi guNasthAna siddhAMta se saMbaMdhita kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kI upasthiti se itanA saMketa avazya milatA hai ki ye avadhAraNAe~ apane svarUpa ke nirdhAraNa kI dizA meM gatizIla thiiN| isase hama isa niSkarSa para to pahu~ca hI sakate haiM ki umAsvAti ina avadhAraNAoM ke sunirdhArita evaM sunizcita hone ke pUrva hI hue haiM / tattvArthasUtra kI jo prAcIna TIkAe~ upalabdha haiM, unameM zvetAmbara paraMparA meM tattvArtha -bhASya ko aura digambara paraMparA meM sarvArthasiddhi ko prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai| inameM se tattvArtha -bhASya meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI spaSTa avadhAraNA upalabdha nahIM hai, jabaki sarvArthasiddhi meM guNasthAna kA spaSTa evaM vistRta vivaraNa hai / tattvArthasUtra ke paravartI TIkAkAroM meM sarvaprathama akalaMka apane tattvArtharAjavArttika ke cauthe adhyAya ke aMta meM saptabhaMgI kA tathA nauveM adhyAya ke prAraMbha meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kA pUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN| tattvArtha kI TIkAoM ke atirikta anya graMthoM meM, vizeSa rUpa se zvetAmbara AgamoM meM samavAyAMga meM 'jIvaThANa' ke nAma se, yApanIya graMthaSaTkhaNDAgama meM jIvasamAsa' ke nAma se aura digambara paraMparA meM kundakunda ke graMthoM meM 'guNaThANa' ke nAma se isa siddhAMta kA ullekha milatA hai| ye sabhI graMtha lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI ke AsapAsa ke haiM, isalie itanA to nizcita hai ki tattvArtha kI racanA cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI hai| yaha sahI hai ki IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se vastra-pAtra ke prazna para vivAda prAraMbha ho gayA, phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A pAye the| nirgranthasaMgha (digambara), zvetapaTTamahAzramaNasaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha halsI ke pAMcavIM zatI ke abhilekhoM meM hI milatA hai| mUla saMgha kA ullekha usase kucha pahale I. san 370 evaM 421 kA hai| tattvArtha ke mUlapAThoM kI kahIM digambara paraMparAse, kahIM zvetAmbara paraMparA se aura kahIM yApanIya paraMparA se saMgati honA aura kahIM visaMgati honA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki vaha saMghabheda ke pUrva kI racanA hai| mujhe josaMketa sUtra mile haiM, usase aisA lagatA hai ki tattvArtha usa kAla kI racanA hai, jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya saMgha spaSTa rUpa se vibhAjita hokara

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34 astitva meM nahIM Aye the| zrI kApar3iyAjI ne tattvArtha ko prathama zatAbdI ke pazcAt cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM aise bhI aneka tathya haiM, jo na to sarvathA vartamAna zvetAmbara paraMparA se aura na hI digambara paraMparA se mela khAte haiN| hisTI oNpha miDivala skUla oNpha iNDiyana laoNjika' meM tattvArthasUtra kI tithi 185aU svIkAra kI gaI hai| pro. viMTaranitja mAnate haiM ki umAsvAti usa yuga meM hue, jaba uttara bhArata meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya eka-dUsare se pUrNataH pRthak nhiiNhuethe| unakA graMtha tattvArtha spaSTataH sampradAyabheda ke pUrva kA hai| sampradAyabheda ke saMbaMdha meM sarvaprathama hameM jo sAhityika sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai, vaha Avazyaka mUlabhASya kI hai, jo Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyaka ke madhya nirmita huA thaa| usameM vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt hI boTikoM kI utpatti kA arthAt uttara bhArata meM acela aura sacela paraMparAoM ke vibhAjana kA ullekha hai, sAtha hI usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki muni ke sacela yAacela hone kA vivAda to AryakRSNa aura Arya ziva ke bIca vIra ni.saM. 609 meM huA thA, kintu paraMparA bheda unake ziSya kauDiNya yA koTTavIra se huaa| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki spaSTa rUpa se paraMparAbheda vIra ni.saM. 609 ke pazcAt huA hai| sAmAnyatayA, vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvat se 470 varSa pUrva mAnA jAtA hai, kintu isameM 60 varSa kA vivAda hai, jisakI carcA AcArya hemacandra se lekara samakAlIna aneka vidvAn bhI kara rahe haiM / itihAsakAroM ne candragupta, azoka aura samprati Adi kA jo kAla nirdhArita kiyA hai, usameM candragupta aura bhadrabAhu kI tathA samprati aura suhasti kI samakAlikatA vIra nirvANa ko vikrama saMvat 410 varSa pUrva mAnane para hIadhika baiThatI hai| yadi vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvata ke 410 varSa pUrva huAhai, to yaha mAnanA hogA ki saMghabheda 609-410 arthAt vikrama saMvat 199 meM huaa|ydi isameM bhI hama kauDiNya aura koTTavIra kA kAla 60 varSa jor3eM to yaha saMghabheda lagabhaga vikrama saMvat 259 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM huA hogaa| isa saMghabheda ke phalasvarUpa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paraMparA kA spaSTa vikAsa to isake bhI lagabhaga sau varSa pazcAt hI huA hogA, kyoMki pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrva ina nAmoM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke samavAyAMga jaise zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM aura yApanIya paraMparA ke kasAyapAhuDa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama jaise graMthoM se tattvArthasUtra kI kucha nikaTatAaura virodha yahI siddha karatA hai ki usakI racanA inake pUrva huI hai|

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35 tattvArthabhASya kI prazasti tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ke kAla kA nirNaya karane kA Aja ekamAtra mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai| usa prazasti ke anusAra tattvArtha ke kartA uccairnAgara zAkhA meM hue| uccairnAgara zAkhA kA uccanAgarI zAkhA ke rUpa meM kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai| usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki yaha zAkhAArya zAntizreNika se prAraMbha huii| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra zAntizreNika Aryavajra ke guru siMhagiri ke gurubhrAtA the| zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM meM Aryavajra kA svargavAsakAla vIra nirvANa saM. 584 mAnA jaataahai|atH, AryazAMtizreNika kA jIvana kAlavIra nirvANa 470 se 550 ke bIca mAnanA hogaa| phalataH, AryazAMntizreNika se uccanAgarI kI utpatti vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM kisI samaya huii| isakI saMgati mathurA ke abhilekhoM se bhI hotI hai| uccairnAgara zAkhA kA prathama abhilekha zak saM. 5 arthAt vikrama saMvat 140 kA hai, ataH umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI yA usake pazcAt hI hogaa| umAsvAti ke tattvArthabhASya meM unheM uccairnAgara zAkhA kA batAyA gayA hai| isa zAkhA ke nau abhilekha hameM mathurA se upalabdha hote haiM, jina para kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva kA ullekha bhI hai| yadi ina para aMkita samvat zak saMvat ho, to yaha kAla zak saMvat 5 se 87 ke bIca AtA hai| itihAsakAroM ke anusAra kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva I. san 78 se 176 ke bIca hue haiN| vikrama saMvat kI dRSTi se unakA yaha kAla saM. 135 se 233 ke bIca AtA hai, arthAt vikrama saMvat kI dvitIya zatAbdI kA uttarArddha aura tRtIya zatAbdI kA puurvaarddh| abhilekhoM ke kAla kI saMgati Arya zAntizreNika aura unase utpanna uccanAgarI zAkhA ke kAla se ThIka baiThatI hai| umAsvAti isake pazcAt hI kabhI hue haiN| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne apane praguru ghoSanaMdI zramaNa aura guru zivazrI kA ullekha kiyA hai| mujhe mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM khoja karane para sthAnika kula kI gaNi uggahiNI ke ziSya vAcakaghoSaka kA ullekha upalabdha huA hai| sthAnikakula bhI usI koTikagaNa kA kula hai, jisakI eka zAkhA uccAnAgarI hai| kucha abhilekhoM meM sthAnika kula ke sAtha vajrI zAkhA kA bhI ullekha huA hai, yadyapi uccanAgarI aura vajrI- donoM hI zAkhAe~ koTikagaNa kI haiN| mathurA ke eka anya abhilekha meM nivatanAsIvada' - aisA ullekha bhI milatA hai| nivartanA saMbhavataH samAdhi sthala kA sUcaka hai, yadyapi isase ye AryaghoSaka aura Arya ziva nizcita rUpa se umAsvAti ke guru evaM praguru haiM, isa niSkarSa para pahu~canA kaThina hai, phirabhI saMbhAvanA to vyakta kI jA sakatI hai|

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36 Arya kRSNa aura Arya ziva, jinake bIca vastra - pAtra saMbaMdhI vivAda vIra ni.saM. 609 meM huA thA, ke ullekha hameM mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| yadyapi Arya ziva ke saMbaMdha meM jo abhilekha upalabdha haiM, unake khaNDita hone 1 saMvat kA nirdeza to spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu 'nivatanAsIvada' aisA ullekha hai, jo isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki unake samAdhi sthala para koI nirmANa kArya kiyA gayA thaa| Arya kRSNa kA ullekha karane vAlA anya lekha spaSTa hai aura usameM zaka saMvat 95 nirdiSTa hai / isa abhilekha meM koTIyagaNa, sthAnIyakula aura vairI zAkhA kA ullekha bhI hai / isa AdhAra para Arya ziva aura Arya kRSNa kA kAla vi. saM. 230 ke lagabhaga AtA hai| vastra- pAtra vivAda kA kAla vIra ni.saM. 609 tadanusAra 609-410 arthAt vi.saM. 199 mAnane para isakI saMgati uparyukta abhilekha se ho jAtI hai, kyoMki Arya kRSNa kI yaha pratimA unake svargavAsa ke 30-40 varSa bAda hI kabhI banI hogii| usase yaha bAta bhI puSTa hotI hai ki Arya ziva Arya kRSNa se jyeSTha the| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI unheM jyeSTha kahA gayA hai| saMbhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki ye donoM gurubhAI hoM aura unameM Arya ziva jyeSTha aura Arya kRSNa kaniSTha hoM, yA Arya ziva Arya kRSNa ke guru hoM / yadyapi vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ke kAraNa yaha krama ulaTa diyA gayA hai| Arya ziva ko umAsvAti kA praguru mAnane para unakA kAla tIsarI zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha mAnanA hogA, kintu tIsarI zatI ke uttarArddha se cauthI zatAbdI pUrvArddha taka ke jo bhI jaina zilAlekha upalabdha haiM, unameM kahIM bhI zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya - aisA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / vastra, pAtra Adi ke upayoga ko lekara vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha se vivAda prAraMbha ho gayA thA, kintu zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya paraMparAoM ke bheda sthApita nahIM hue the / vi.saM. kI chaThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha arthAt I. san 475 se 490 ke abhilekhoM meM sarvaprathama zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNasaMgha ( zvetAmbara), nirgranthamahAzramaNa saMgha (digambara) aura yApanIya saMgha ke ullekha milate haiN| pro. madhusUdana DhAkI ne umAsvAti kA kAla caturtha zatI nirdhArita kiyA hai| uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para maiM ise tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se cauthI zatI ke pUrvArddha ke bIca mAnanA caahuuNgaa| cAhe hama umAsvAti kA kAla prathama se caturtha zatI ke bIca kucha bhI mAneM, itanA nizcita hai ki ve saMgha bheda ke pUrva ke haiN| yadi hama umAsvAti ke praguru ziva kA samIkaraNa Arya ziva, jinakA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI hai aura jo

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37 uttara bhArata ke vastra-pAtra saMbaMdhI vivAda ke janaka the, se karate haiM, to samasyA kA samAdhAna milane meM suvidhA hotI hai| Arya ziva vIra nirvANa saM. 609 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM upasthita the / isa AdhAra para umAsvAti tIsarI zatI ke uttarArddha aura cauthI zatI ke pUrvArddha meM hue hoMge, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ve isa paraMparA bheda meM kauDiNya aura koTTavIra ke sAtha saMgha se alaga na hokara mUladhArA se jur3e rahe hoM, phalataH unakI vicAradhArA meM yApanIya aura zvetAmbara - donoM hI paraMparA kI mAnyatAoM kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai / vastra - pAtra ko lekara ve zvetAmbaroM aura anya mAnyatAoM ke saMdarbha meM yApanIyoM ke nikaTa rahe haiN| ina samasta carcAoM se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki umAsvAti kA kA vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya kA hai aura isa kAla taka vastrapAtra saMbaMdhI vivAdoM ke bAvajUda bhI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIyoM kA alagaalaga sAmpradAyika astitva nahIM bana pAyA thA / spaSTa sampradAya bheda, saiddhAMtika mAnyatAoM kA nirdhAraNa aura zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise nAmakaraNa pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM yA usake bAda hI astitva meM Aye haiM / umAsvAti nizcita hI sampradAya bheda aura sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke nirdhAraNa ke pUrva ke AcArya haiN| ve usa saMkramaNa kAla meM hue haiM, jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sampradAya aura unakI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAe~ sthira ho rahI thiiN| umAsvAti aura unakI paraMparA : ( I. san tIsarI zatI) umAsvAti aura unakA tattvArthasUtra jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paraMparAoM meM se mUlataH kisase saMbaMdhita hai, yaha prazna vidvAnoM ke mastiSka ko jhakajhoratA rahA hai| jahAM zvetAmbara paraMparA ke vidvAnoM ne mUlagraMtha ke sAtha-sAtha unake bhASya aura prazamarati ko umAsvAti kI hI kRti mAnakara una donoM meM upalabdha zvetAmbara samarthaka tathyoM ke AdhAra para unheM zvetAmbara siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA, vahIM digambara paraMparA ke vidvAnoM ne bhASya aura prazamarati ke karttA ko tattvArtha ke karttA se bhinna batAkara tathA mUlagraMtha meM zvetAmbara paraMparA kI Agamika mAnyatAoM se kucha bhinnatA dikhAkara unheM digambara paraMparA kA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jabaki paM. nAthUrAma premI jaise kucha taTastha vidvAnoM ne graMtha meM upalabdha zvetAmbara aura digambara - donoM paraMparAoM se viruddha tathyoM ko ubhArakara aura yApanIya mAnyatAoM se unakI

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38 ye nikaTatA dikhAkara unheM yApanIya paraMparA kA siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| vastutaH, samasta prayAsa tattvArthasUtra kI paraMparA ke saMdarbha meM kisI bhI nizcita avadhAraNA ko banAne meM taba taka sahAyaka nahIM ho sakate, jaba taka ki hama umAsvAti ke kAla kA aura ina tInoM dhArAoM ke utpanna hone ke kAla kA nizcaya nahIM kara lete / ataH, sabase pahale hameM yahI dekhanA hogA ki umAsvAti kisa kAla ke haiM, kyoMki isI AdhAra para unakI paraMparA kA nirdhAraNa saMbhava hai / 1 umAsvAti ke kAla nirNaya ke saMdarbha meM jo bhI prayAsa hue haiM, ve sabhI unheM prathama se cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya siddha karate haiM / umAsvAti ke graMthoM meM hameM saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna siddhAMta kA sunizcita svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yadyapi guNasthAna siddhAMta se saMbaMdhita kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kI upasthiti se itanA saMketa avazya milatA hai ki ye avadhAraNAe~ apane svarUpa ke nirdhAraNa kI dizA meM gatizIla thiiN| isase hama isa niSkarSa para to pahu~ca hI sakate haiM ki umAsvAti ina avadhAraNAoM ke sunirdhArita evaM sunizcita hone ke pUrva hI hue haiN| tattvArtha sUtra kI jo prAcIna TIkAe~ upalabdha haiM, unameM zvetAmbara paraMparA meM tattvArtha - bhASya ko aura digambara paraMparA meM sarvArthasiddhi ko prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai / inameM se tattvArtha-bhASya meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI spaSTa avadhAraNA upalabdha nahIM hai, jabaki sarvArthasiddhi meM guNasthAna kA spaSTa evaM vistRta vivaraNa hai / tattvArthasUtra kI paravartI TIkAoM meM sarvaprathama akalaMka tattvArtha rAjavArttika meM cauthe adhyAya ke aMta meM saptabhaMgI kA tathA 9 veM adhyAya ke prAraMbha meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kA pUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karate haiM / tattvArtha kI TIkAoM ke atirikta anya graMthoM meM, vizeSa rUpa se zvetAmbara AgamoM, yathA- samavAyAMga meM 'jIvaThANa' ke nAma se, yApanIya graMtha SaTkhaNDAgama meM 'jIvasamAsa' ke nAma se aura digambara paraMparA ke anusAra kundakunda ke graMthoM meM 'guNaThANa' ke nAma se isa siddhAMta kA ullekha milatA hai| ye sabhI graMtha lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI ke AsapAsa ke haiM, isalie itanA to nizcita hai ki tattvArtha kI racanA cauthI- pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI hai| yaha saca hai ki IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se vastra pAtra ke prazna para vivAda prAraMbha ho gayA thA, kintu yaha bhI nizcita hai ki pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A | pAye the / nirgranthasaMgha (digambara), zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha aura yApanIya saMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha halsI ke pAMcavIM zatI ke abhilekhoM meM hI milatA hai /

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39 I mUlasaMgha kA ullekha usase kucha pahale I. san 370 evaM 421 kA hai / tattvArtha ke mUlapAThoM kI kahIM digambara paraMparA se, kahIM zvetAmbara paraMparA se aura kahIM yApanIya paraMparA seM saMgati honA aura kahIM visaMgati honA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki vaha saMghabheda ke pUrva kI racanA hai| mujhe jo saMketa sUtra mile haiM, usase aisA lagatA hai ki tattvArtha usa kAla kI racanA hai, jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya spaSTa rUpa se vibhAjita hokara astitva meM nahIM Aye the| zrI kApar3iyAjI ne tattvArtha ko prathama zatAbdI ke pazcAt : cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA mAnA hai / tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM aise bhI aneka tathya haiM, jo na to sarvathA varttamAna zvetAmbara paraMparA se aura na hI digambara paraMparA se mela khAte haiN| 'hisTI oNpha miDivala skUla oNpha iNDiyana laoNjika' meM tattvArthasUtra kI tithi 185aUsvIkAra kI gaI hai| pro. viMTaranitja mAnate haiM ki umAsvAti usa yuga meM hue, jaba uttara bhArata meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya eka-dUsare se pUrNataH pRthak nahIM hue the / unakA graMtha tattvArtha spaSTataH sampradAya bheda ke pUrva kA hai / sampradAya bheda ke saMbaMdha meM sarvaprathama hameM jo sAhityika sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai, vaha Avazyaka mUlabhASya kI hai, jo Avazyaka niryukti aura vizeSAvazyaka ke madhya nirmita huA thA / usameM vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt hI boTikoM kI utpatti kA, arthAt uttara bhArata meM acela aura sacela paraMparAoM ke vibhAjana kA ullekha hai, sAtha hI usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki muni ke sacela yA acela hone kA vivAda to Arya kRSNa aura Arya ziva ke bIca vIra ni.saM. 609 meM huA thA, kintu paraMparA bheda unake ziSya hts yA koTTavIra se huaa| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki spaSTa rUpa se paraMparA bheda vIra ni.sa. 609 ke pazcAt huA hai| sAmAnyatayA, vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvat 470 varSa pUrva mAnA jAtA hai, kintu isameM 60 varSa kA vivAda hai, jisakI carcA AcArya hemacandra se lekara samakAlIna aneka vidvAn bhI kara rahe haiN| itihAsakAroM ne candragupta, azoka aura samprati Adi kA jo kAla nirdhArita kiyA hai, usameM caMdragupta aura bhadrabAhu kI tathA samprati aura suhasti kI samakAlikatA vIra nirvANa ko vikrama saMvat 410 varSa pUrva mAnane para hI adhika baiThatI hai / yadi vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvat 410 varSa pUrva huA hai, to yaha mAnanA hogA ki saMghabheda 609-410 arthAt vikrama saMvat 199 meM huaa| yadi isameM bhI hama kauDiNya aura koTTavIra kA kAla 60 varSa jor3e to yaha saMghabheda lagabhaga vikrama saMvat 259 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI uttarArddha meM huA hogaa| isa saMghabheda ke phalasvarUpa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paraMparA kA spaSTa vikAsa to isake bhI

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40 lagabhaga sau varSa pazcAt hI huA hogA, kyoMki pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrva ina nAmoM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke samavAyAMga jaise zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM aura yApanIya paraMparA ke kasAyapAhuDa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama jaise graMthoM se tattvArthasUtra kI kucha nikaTatA aura virodha yahI siddha karatA hai ki usakI racanA inake pUrva huI hai| tattvArthabhASya kI prazasti tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ke kAla kA nirNaya karane kA Aja ekamAtra mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai| usa prazasti ke anusAra tattvArtha ke kartA uccairnAgara zAkhA meM hue| uccairnAgara zAkhA kA uccanAgarI zAkhA ke rUpa meM kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai| usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki yaha zAkhAAryazAntizreNika se prAraMbha huii| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra zAntizreNika Aryavajra ke guru siMhagiri ke gurubhrAtA the| zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM meM Aryavajra kA svargavAsa kAla vIra nirvANa saM. 584 mAnA jAtA hai| ataH, Arya zAntizreNika kA jIvana kAla vIra nirvANa 470 se 550 ke bIca mAnanA hogaa| phalataH, Arya zAMntizreNika se uccanAgarI kI utpatti vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kisI samaya huii| isakI saMgati mathurAke abhilekhoM se bhI hotI hai| uccairnAgarazAkhA kA prathama abhilekhazak saM. 5 arthAt vikrama saMvat 140 kA hai, ataH umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI yA usake pazcAt hI hogaa| umAsvAti ke tattvArthabhASya meM unheM uccairnAgara zAkhA kA batAyA gayA hai| isa zAkhA ke nau abhilekha hameM mathurA se upalabdha hote haiM, jina para kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva ke ullekha haiN| yadi ina para aMkita samvat zaka saMvat ho, to yaha kAla zak saMvat 5 se 87 ke bIca AtA hai, itihAsakAroM ke anusAra kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva I. san 78 se 176 ke bIca hue haiN| vikrama saMvat kI dRSTi se unakA yaha kAla saM. 135 se 233 ke bIca AtA hai, arthAt vikrama saMvatkI dvitIya zatAbdI kA uttarArddha aura tRtIya zatAbdI kA puurvaarddh| abhilekhoM ke kAla kI saMgati Arya zAMtizreNika aura unase utpanna uccanAgarI zAkhA ke kAla se ThIka baiThatI hai| umAsvAti isake pazcAt hI kabhI hue haiN| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne apane praguru ghoSanandI zramaNa aura guru zivazrI kA ullekha kiyA hai| mujhe mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM khoja karane para sthAnika kula ke gaNi uggahiNI ke ziSya vAcaka ghoSaka kA ullekha upalabdha huA hai| sthAnika kula bhI usI koTikagaNa kA kula hai, jisakI

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41 eka zAkhA uccAnagarI hai| kucha abhilekhoM meM sthAnika kula ke sAtha vajrI zAkhA kA bhI ullekha huA hai, yadyapi uccanAgarI aura vajrI - donoM hI zAkhAe~ koTikagaNa kI haiN| mathurA ke eka anya abhilekha meM 'nivatanAsIvada' - aisA ullekha bhI milatA hai / nivarttanA sambhavataH samAdhi sthala kI sUcaka hai, yadyapi isase ye AryaghoSaka aura Arya ziva nizcita rUpa se hI umAsvAti ke guru evaM praguru haiM, isa niSkarSa para pahu~canA kaThina hai, phira bhI saMbhAvanA to vyakta kI hI jA sakatI hai / Arya kRSNa aura Arya ziva, jinake bIca vastra - pAtra saMbaMdhI vivAda vIra ni.saM. 609 meM huA thA, una donoM ke ullekha hameM mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| yadyapi Arya ziva ke saMbaMdha meM jo abhilekha upalabdha haiM, usake khaNDita hone se saMvat kA nirdeza to spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu 'nivatanAsIvada' aisA ullekha hai, jo isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki unake samAdhi sthala para koI nimArNa kArya kiyA gayA thaa| Arya kRSNa kA ullekha karane vAlA anya lekha spaSTa hai aura usameM zak saMvat 95 nirdiSTa hai / isa abhilekha meM koTIyagaNa, sthAnIyakula aura vairI zAkhA kA ullekha bhI hai / isa AdhAra para Arya ziva aura Arya kRSNa kA kAla vi. saM. 230 ke lagabhaga AtA hai / vastra-pAtra vivAda kA kAla vIra ni.saM. 609 tadanusAra 609-410 arthAt vi.saM. 199 mAnane para isakI saMgati uparyukta abhilekha se ho jAtI hai, kyoMki Arya kRSNa kI yaha pratimA unake svargavAsa ke 30-40 varSa bAda hI kabhI banI hogI / usase yaha bAta bhI puSTa hotI hai ki Arya ziva Arya kRSNa se jyeSTha the| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI unheM jyeSTha kahA gayA hai| saMbhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai, ye donoM gurubhAI hoM aura unameM Arya ziva jyeSTha aura Arya kRSNa kaniSTha hoM, yA Arya ziva kRSNa ke guru hoM, yadyapi vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ke kAraNa yaha krama ulaTa diyA gayA hai / - ina Arya ziva ko umAsvAti kA praguru mAnane para unakA kAla tIsarI zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha hogA, kintu tIsarI zatI ke uttarArddha se cauthI zatAbdI pUrvArddha taka ke jo bhI jaina zilAlekha upalabdha haiM, unameM kahIM bhI zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya - aisA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / vastra, pAtra Adi ke upayoga ko lekara vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha se vivAda prAraMbha ho gayA thA, kintu spaSTa rUpa se zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya paraMparAoM ke bheda sthApita nahIM hue the / vi. saM. kI chaThavIM zatAbdI

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ke pUrvArddha ke, arthAt I. san 475 se 490 ke abhilekhoM meM sarvaprathama zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNasaMgha (zvetAmbara), nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha (digambara )aura yApanIya saMgha ke ullekha milate haiN| pro. madhusUdana DhAkI ne umAsvAti kA kAla caturtha zatI nirdhArita kiyA hai| uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para maiM ise tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se cauthI zatI ke pUrvArddha ke bIca mAnanA caahuuNgaa| cAhe hama umAsvAti kA kAla prathama se caturtha zatI ke bIca kucha bhI mAneM, kintu itanA to nizcita hai ki ve saMghabheda ke pUrva ke haiN| yadi hama umAsvAti ke praguru ziva kA samIkaraNa Arya ziva, jinakA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI hai aura uttara bhArata meM vastra-pAtra saMbaMdhI vivAda ke janakathe, se karate haiM, to samasyA kA samAdhAna milane meM suvidhA hotI hai| Arya ziva vIra nirvANa saM. 609 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM upasthita the| isa AdhAra para umAsvAti tIsarI ke uttarArddha aura cauthI ke pUrvArddha meM hue hoMge, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ve isa paraMparAbheda meM bhI kauDiNya aura koTTavIra ke sAtha saMgha se alaga na hokara mUladhArA se jur3e rahe hoN| phalataH, unakI vicAradhArA meM yApanIya aura zvetAmbara- donoM hI paraMparA kI mAnyatAoM kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai| vastra-pAtra ko lekara vezvetAmbaroM aura anya mAnyatAoM ke saMdarbha meM yApaniyoM ke nikaTa rahe haiN| ina samasta carcAoM se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya hai aura isa kAla taka vastra-pAtra saMbaMdhI vivAdoM ke bAvajUda bhI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApaniyoM kA alaga-alaga sAmpradAyika astitva nahIM bana pAyA thaa| spaSTa sampradAya bheda, saiddhAMtika mAnyatAoM kA nirdhAraNa aura zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise nAmakaraNa pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM yA usake bAda hI astitva meM Aye haiN| umAsvAti nizcita hI spaSTa sampradAya bheda aura sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke nirdhAraNa ke pUrva ke AcArya haiN| ve usa saMkramaNa kAla meM hue haiM, jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sampradAya aura unakI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAe~ aura sthira ho rhiithiiN| __ ataH, ve usa artha meM zvetAmbara yA digambara nahIM haiM, jisa artha meM Aja hama ina zabdoM kA artha lete haiN| ve yApanIya bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMkiyApanIya sampradAya kA sarvaprathama abhilekhIya pramANabhI vikrama kI chaThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha aura IsA kI pA~cavIMzatI ke uttarArddha (I.san 475) kA milatA hai| ataH, ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kI

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pUrvaja uttara bhArata kI nigraMtha dhArA kI koTigaNa kI uccAnAgarI zAkhA meM hue haiN| unake saMbaMdha meM itanA mAnanA hI paryApta hai| unheM zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya sampradAya se jor3anA merI dRSTi meM ucita nahIM hai| kyAumAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kAAdhAra kundakunda ke graMtha haiM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne tattvArtha ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM mukhyatayA SaDkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa evaM kundakunda ke graMthoM kI carcA kI hai', anya digambara vidvAn bhI isI mata kI puSTi karate haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM sarvaprathama to yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki kyA tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama evaM kundakunda ke graMthoM meM aneka samAnatAeM parilakSita hotI haiM, kintu mAtra isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki umAsvAti ne hI inheM kundakunda se grahaNa kiyA hai| saMbhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki kundakunda ne hI umAsvAti se inheM liyA ho| hameM to yaha dekhanA hogA ki unameM se kauna pUrva meM hue aura kauna pshcaat| jahAM taka digambara paTTAvaliyoM kA prazna hai, unameM se kucha meM umAsvAti ko kundakunda kA sAkSAt ziSya aura kucha meM paraMparA ziSya batAyA gayA hai, kintu ye sabhI paTTAvaliyA~ paryApta paravartI lagabhaga 10vIM zatI ke bAda kI haiM, ataH prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sakatI / svayaM paM. nAthUrAmajI premI jaise niSpakSa digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI unheM prAmANika nahIM mAnA hai|' markarAbhilekha, jisako AdhAra banAkara vidvAnoM ne kundakunda ko pahalI se tIsarI zatAbdI ke madhya rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA thA, aba aprAmANika (jAlI) siddha ho cukA hai| aba 9vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA koI bhI aisAabhilekha nahIM hai, jo kundakunda yA unakI anvaya kA ullekha karatA ho| lagabhaga 10vIM zatI taka kundakunda ke graMthoM ke nirdezayA una para TIkA kI anupasthiti bhI yahI sUcita karatI hai ki kundakunda chaThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva to kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM hue haiM, isa tathya ko pro. madhusUdana r3hAkI aura muni kalyANavijayajI ne aneka pramANoM se pratipAdita kiyA hai, jabaki umAsvAti kisI bhI sthiti meM tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdI se paravartI siddha nahIM hote haiN| vastutaH, kundakunda evaM umAsvAti ke kAla kA nirNaya karane ke lie kundakunda evaM umAsvAti ke graMthoM meM ullikhita siddhAMtoM kA vikAsakrama dekhanA pdd'egaa| yaha bAta sunizcita hai ki kundakunda ke graMthoM meM guNasthAna' aura saptabhaMgI kA spaSTa nirdeza hai|

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44 guNasthAna kA yaha siddhAnta samavAyAMga ke 14 jIva-samAsoM ke ullekhoM ke atirikta zvetAmbaramAnya Agama sAhitya meM sarvathA anupasthita hai, yahA~ bhI ise zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne prakSipta hI mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM bhI ina donoM siddhAMtoM kA pUrNa abhAva hai, jabaki tattvArthasUtra kI sabhI digambara TIkAoM meM ina siddhAMtoM ke ullekha pracuratA se pAye jAte haiN| pUjyapAda devanandI yadyapi saptabhaMgI siddhAMta kI carcA nahIM karate, parantu guNasthAna kI carcA to ve bhI kara rahe haiN| digambara paraMparA meM AgamarUpa meM mAnya SaTkhaNDAgama to guNasthAna kI carcA para hI sthita hai| umAsvAti ke tattvArtha meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI anupasthiti spaSTa rUpa se yaha sUcita karatI hai ki ye avadhAraNAe~ unake kAla taka astitva meM nahIM AI thIM anyathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura karmasiddhAMta ke AdhAra rUpa guNasthAna ke siddhAMta ko ve kaise chor3a sakate the? cAhe vistAra rUpa meM carcA bhale hI nahIM karate, paraMtu unakA ullekha avazya karate haiN| tattvArtha sUtra 11 meM samyagdRSTi, zrAvaka, virata, anantaviyojaka, darzanamohakSapaka, upazamaka, upazAntamoha, kSamaka, kSINamoha aura jina- nirjarA ke pariNAmasvarUpa AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa aura inameM guNasthAnoM ke kucha pAribhASika nAmoM kI upasthiti yahI siddha karatI hai ki usa kAla taka guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA nirmita to nahIM huI thI, paraMtu apanA svarUpaavazya grahaNa kara rahI thii| tattvArthasUtra aura guNasthAna para zramaNa apraila-jUna 1992 meM prakAzita merA svataMtra lekha dekheM / paM. dalasukhabhAI ke anusAra, tattvArthasUtra meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa se saMbaMdhita jo dasa nAma milate haiM, ve bauddhoM kI dasa bhUmiyoM kI avadhAraNA para nirmita hue haiM aura inhIM se Age guNasthAna kI avadhAraNa kA vikAsa huA hai| yadi umAsvAti ke samakSa guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA hotI, to phira ve AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina dasa avasthAoM kI carcA na karake 14 guNasthAnoM kI carcA avazya krte| jJAtavya hai ki kaSAyapAhuDasutta meM bhI tattvArthasUtra ke samAna guNasthAna siddhAMta ke kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kI upasthiti hote hue bhI suvyavasthita guNasthAna siddhAMta kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai, jabaki kasAyapAhuDasutta ke cUrNi-sUtroM meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai| kaSAyaprAbhRta ke kucha adhikAroM ke nAma tattvArthasUtra ke samAna hI haiM- samyakattva, dezavirati, saMyata, upazAmaka, kSapaka gAthA (14), phira bhI kasAyapAhuDa kA vivaraNa tattvArtha kI apekSA kucha adhika vyavasthita evaM vistRta lagatA hai| aisA mAnA jA

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45 sakatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra, kasAyapAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA kramika vikAsa huA hai / - jaisA ki hamane nirdeza kiyA hai zvetAmbaramAnya samavAyAMga meM 14 jIvaThANa ke rUpa meM 14 guNasthAnoM kA nirdeza hai, kintu aneka AdhAroM para yaha siddha hotA hai ki samavAyAMga meM prathama zatI se pAMcavIM zatI ke bIca aneka prakSepa ho rahe haiM, ataH valabhI vAcanA ke samaya hI jIva samAsa kA yaha viSaya usameM saMkalita kiyA gayA hogA / anya prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara AgamoM, jaise- AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, bhagavatI aura yahA~ taka kI prathama zatAbdI meM racita prajJApanA aura jIvAbhigama meM bhI guNasthAna kA abhAva hai / ina AgamoM meM aise kaI prasaMga the, jahAM guNasthAna kI carcA kI jA sakatI thI, kintu usakA kahIM bhI ullekha yA nAma nirdeza taka na honA yahI siddha karatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke kAla taka ye avadhAraNAe~ astitva nahIM AI thiiN| cU~ki kundakunda", SaTkhaNDAgama ", bhagavatI ArAdhanA" aura mUlAcAra" Adi sabhI ina avadhAraNAoM kI carcA karate haiM, ataH ve tattvArtha se pUrvavartI nahIM ho skte| yadi yaha kahA jAye ki umAsvAti ke samakSa ye avadhAraNAe~ upasthita to thIM, kintu unhoMne anAvazyaka samajhakara unakA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hogA, to phira prazna yaha uThatA hai ki tattvArthabhASya ke atirikta tattvArthasUtra ke sabhI zvetAmbara aura digambara TIkAkAra isa siddhAMta kI carcA kyoM karate haiM ? yahA~ taka kI tattvArthasUtra ke prathama digambara TIkAkAra pUjyapAda devanandI sarvArthasiddhi meM tattvArtha ke prathama adhyAya ke AThaveM sUtra kI carcA meM na kevala inakA nAma nirdeza karate haiM, apitu ati vistRta vyAkhyA bhI karate haiM / yadi hama pUjyapAda devanandI kA kAla pA~cavIM kA uttarArddha aura chaThavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha mAnate haiM, to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki isI kAla meM yaha avadhAraNA sunirdhArita hokara apane svarUpa meM A gaI thI / yahI kAla zvetAmbara AgamoM kI aMtima vAcanA kA kAla hai| saMbhava yahI hai ki isI samaya use samavAyAMga meM DAlA gayA hogA / ataH, yaha sunizcita hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra na to kundakunda ke graMtha haiM aura na SaTkhaNDAgama hI, kyoMki ye sabhI tatvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya ke bAda kI racanAe~ haiM / yadyapi kasAyapAhuDa ko kisI sImA taka tattvArthasUtra kA samasAmayika mAnA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI guNasthAna siddhAMta kI dRSTi se yaha tattvArtha se kiJcita paravartI siddha hotA hai /

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46 I yadyapi isase hamAre kahane kA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki valktabhI vAcanA ke varttamAna meM zvetAmbara dvArA mAnya Agama unake tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra hai, kyoMki yaha vAcanA to umAsvAti ke bAda kI hai / vastutaH, skaMdila kI mAthurI vAcanA (vIra nirvANa 827-840) ke bhI pUrva phalgumitra ke samaya jo Agama graMtha upasthita the, ve hI tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke mukhya AdhAra rahe haiM / merI dRSTi meM umAsvAti skaMdila se pUrvavartI hai, ataH unakA AdhAra phalgumitra ke yuga ke Agama graMtha hI the / yadyapi varttamAna meM zvetAmbara paraMparA dvArA mAnya AgamoM se inameM bahuta adhika aMtara nahIM rahA hogA, phira bhI kucha pAThabheda aura mAnyatAbheda to avazya hI rahe hoNge| dUsare, varttamAna meM upalabdha zvetAmbara Agama koTikagaNa kI vajrIzAkhA ke haiM, jabaki umAsvAti koTikagaNa kI uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue haiM, ina donoM zAkhAoM meM aura unake mAnya AgamoM meM kucha mAnyatAbheda aura kucha pAThabheda avazya hI rahA hogA, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai / saMbhavataH, usI ucca nAgarI zAkhA meM mAnya AgamoM ko hI umAsvAti ne apane graMtha kI racanA kA AdhAra banAyA hogA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa cAra-pA~ca sthAnoM para tattvArthasUtra aura usakI bhASyagata mAnyatAoM meM varttamAna zvetAmbara Agamika paraMparA kI mAnyatAoM se matabheda A gayA hai, jisakI carcA hamane Age kI hai, phira bhI itanA sunizcita hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra ve hI Agama graMtha rahe haiM, jo kvacit pAThabhedoM ke sAtha zvetAmbaroM meM Aja bhI pracalita haiM aura yApanIyoM meM bhI pracalita the / isase isa bhrAMti kA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kA AdhAra SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke graMtha haiM, kyoMki ye graMtha tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA paryApta paravartI haiM aura guNasthAna, saptabhaMgI Adi paravartI yuga meM vikasita avadhAraNAoM ke ullekhoM se yukta haiN| saMdarbha : * - 1. 2. 3. 4. dekheM - tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, nemIcandra zAstrI (a. bhA. digambara jaina vidvatpariSad), bhAga 2, pR. 159-162. (a) jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza, (paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra), pR. 125. (ba) jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAga 2, (paM. kailAzacandajI), pR. 249. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, (paM. nAthUrAmajI premI), pR. 530-531. Aspects of of Jainology, Vol. III, Pt. Dalsukhbai

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47 5. Malvania Felicitiation, Vol. I,P.V. Research Institute Varanasi English Section, M.A. Dhaky, The Date of Kundakundacharya, p. 190. Ibid, p. 189-190. 6. zrIpaTTAvalIparAgasaMgraha, muni kalyANavijayajI, pR. 100-107. (a) guNaThANa maggaNehiM ya pjjttiipaannjiivtthaannehiN| ThAvaNa paMcavihehiM pnnyvvaaarhpurisss|| terahame guNaThANe sajoikevaliya hoi arhNto| cautIsa aisayaguNAhoMti hutsstthtthpddihaaraa|| -bodhapAhuDa 31-31. jIvasamAsAiM munniicudsgunntthaannaamaaii||-bhaavpraabhuut 97. nnevyjiivtthaannaanngunntthaannaayatthijovss|-smysaar 55. (da) NAhaM mggtthaannonnaahNgunntthaannjiivtthaannonn| niyamasAra 78. 8. siyaatthiNatthi uhayaM avvattavvaMpuNo ytttidyN| davvaM khusttbhNgNaadesvsennsNbhvdi||-pNcaastikaaysaar 14. 9. (a) jIvAzcaturdazasu guNasthAneSu vyavasthitAH mithyAdRSTi, sAsAdana samyagdRSTi, samyagmithyAdRSTiH, asaMyata samyagdRSTiH, saMyatAsaMyata, pramattasaMyataH, apramattasaMyataH, apUrvakaraNasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, anivRttibAdaraguNasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, sUkSmasAmparAyasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, upazAMtakaSAya vItarAgachadmasthaH, kSINakaSAyavItarAgachadmasthaH, sayogI kevalI, ayogakevalI ceti..../1/8. ___(jJAtavya hai ki guNasthAna saMbaMdhI yaha saMpUrNa vivaraNa paM. phUlacandrajI siddhAMtazAstrIdvArA sampAdita sarvArthasiddhi meM pR. 29 se pR. 92 taka lagabhaga 64 pRSThoM meM huA hai- isakA tAtparya hai ki pUjyapAda ke samakSa yaha siddhAMta pUrNa vikasita rUpa meM thA) (ba) (i) praznavazAdekasmin vastunyavirodhena vidhi pratiSedha kalpanA saptabhaMgI1/6/5 tattvArtha - vrttik| (akalaMka ke tattvArtha kArtika meM saptabhaMgI kA yaha vivaraNa pR. 33 se 35 taka tIna pRSThoM meM upalabdha hai| (jJAnapITha saMskaraNa)

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48 (ii) akalaMka ne tattvArtha 118 meM to guNasthAna kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA, mAtra 'mArgaNAsthAna kA nirdeza kiyA, kintu adhyAya ke sUtra 3 evaM adhyAya 9 ke sUtra 7 evaM 26 meM guNasthAna kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ... mithyAdRSTyAdicaturdazaguNasthAnabhedAt /5/3 jIvasthAnaguNasthAnAnAM gatyAdiSu mArgaNA lakSaNo dharmaH svAraNyAtaH / - 9/7/10 isa prakAra akalaMka ke sammukha saptabhaMgIaura guNasthAna upsthitthe| 10. edesiNcevcoddsnnhNjiivsmaasaannN...| chakkhaNDAgama-1/1/5. (vistAra evaM sabhI nAmoM ke liye dekheM - chakkhaNDAgama- 1 /1/9-22) jJAtavya hai ki chakkhaNDAgama guNasthAnoM ke liye samavAyAMga ke jIvaThANa ke samAna jIva samAsazabda kA prayoga karatA hai, guNasthAna kA nahIM / ataH donoM tatsambandhI vivaraNa meM paryApta samAnatA hai aura ye kundakunda kI apekSApUrvavartI hai) 11. (a) samyagdRSTi zrAvaka viratAntaviyojaka darzanamoha kSapakopazAmakakopazAMtamohakSapaka kssiinnmohjinaaH...| - tattvArtha 9/45 (isI avadhAraNA se guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA, isakA pramANa yaha hai ki pUjyapAda guNasthAna kI carcA meM guNasthAna ke apane nAma ke sAtha-sAtha upazAmaka kSapaka Adi uparyukta nAmoM kA samanvaya karate haiM - dekhe sarvArthasiddhi-1/8) jJAtavya hai ki kasAyapAhuDasutta meM bhI guNasthAna saMbaMdhI kucha pAribhASika zabdoM ke hote hue bhI saMpUrNa siddhAMta kA kahIM nirdeza nahIM hai, ataH kasAya-pAhuDasutta aura tattvArthasUtra kI samakAlikatA siddha hotI hai aura donoM spaSTataH sampradAyabheda ke pUrva kI racanAe~ haiN| 12. dekheM - bodhapAhuDa-31, 32 bhAvapAhuDa 97,samayasAra 55, niyamasAra 78 13. dekheM - SaT khaNDAgama - 1/1/5 tathA 1/1/9-22 14. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1086-88 15. mUlAcAra, 12 (paryApti- adhikAra) / 154-155

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49 3. AcArya dharasena (IsvI san lagabhaga 4thI evaM 5vIM zatI) mahAkarma prakRtizAstra ke upadeza tathA SaTkhaNDAgama ke racayitA puSpadanta aura bhUtI ke vidyAguru AcArya dharasena kA nAma jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya paraMparA ke bahuzruta AcArya the, phira bhI zvetAmbara aura digambara paTTAvaliyAM unake nAma kA nirdeza nahIM karatI haiN| ve yApanIya saMgha, jo Age calakara mUlasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huA, se sambaddha the| saMbhavataH, isI kAraNa zvetAmbara evaM digambara paTTAvaliyA~ unakA ullekha nahIM krtii| mAtra naMdIsaMgha, jo yApanIya dhArA se saMbaMdhita rahA hai, apanI paTTAvalI meM unakA ullekha karatA hai| yadi ve paravartI kAla ke haiM, to adhika se adhika hama unheM uttara bhArata meM vibhAjita huI acela paraMparA, jo ki Age calakara yApanIya nAma se vikasita huI, se sambaddha mAna sakate haiN| saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki ve mahArASTa, uttara karnATaka aura AMdhrapradeza meM vicaraNa kararahI uttara bhArata kI acela paraMparA, jo yApanIya nAma se prasiddha huI, se saMbaMdha hoN| unhoMne puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali nAmaka muniyoM ko karmazAstra kA adhyayana karAyA ho, kyoMki usI paraMparA se unakI nikaTatA thii| punaH, jisa naMdIsaMgha paTTAvalI ko AdhAra banAkara yaha carcA kI jA rahI hai, vaha naMdIsaMgha bhI yApanIya paraMparA se sambaddha rahA hai| kaNapake zaka saMvat 735, IsvI san 812 ke eka abhilekha meM 'zrI yApanIya nandisaMgha punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa' aisA spaSTa ullekha hai| yApanIya aura naMdIsaMgha kI ekarUpatA aura naMdIsaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM dharasena ke ullekha se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki dharasena yApanIya saMgha se sambaddha rahe haiN| dharasena ke saMdarbha meM jo anya aitihAsika sAkSya upalabdha haiM, unameM do kA ullekha vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| sarvaprathama AcArya dharasena ko joNipAhuDa (yoniprAbhRta) nAmaka nimitta zAstra ke eka apUrva graMtha kA racayitA mAnA gayA hai| isa graMtha kI eka prati bhANDArakara oriyanTala risarca iMsTiTyUTa pUnA meM hai| paMDita becaradAsajI ne isa prati se jo noTsa likhe the, unake AdhAra para yaha graMtha paNNasavana muni ne apane ziSya puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali ke lie likhA thaa| vi.sa. 1556 meM likhI gaI bRhadaTippaNikA meM isa graMtha ko vIra nirvANa ke 600 varSa pazcAt dhArasena (dharasena) dvArA racita mAnA gayA hai|' isa graMtha ke ullekha zvetAmbara aura digambara- donoM hI paraMparAoM meM pAye jAte haiM, kintu

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50 digambara paraMparA meM mAtra dhavalA kI TIkA, jo yApanIya graMtha SaDAgama kI digambara paraMparA kI TIkA hai, meM hI isa graMtha ke nAma kA ullekha huA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paraMparA kI Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM vIra nirvANa kI 6ThI yA 7vIM zatI se lekara 15-16vIM zatI taka ke aneka AcAryoM ke graMthoM meM isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (IsvI san 6ThIM zatI) kI gAthA 1775 meM 'joNIvihANa' ke rUpa meM isa graMtha kA ullekha hai| nizIthacUrNi (lagabhaga 7vIM zatI) meM AcArya siddhasena dvArA yoniprAbhRta ke AdhAra para azva banAne kA ullekha hai| maladhAragacchIya AcArya hemacandra dvArA racita vizeSAvazyaka kI bhASya TIkA meM isa graMtha ke AdhAra para aneka vijAtIya dravyoM ke sahayogasesarpa, siMha Adi prANI aura maNi, svarNa Adi padArthoM ko utpanna karane kA ullekha hai| kuvalayamAlA bhI yoniprAbhRta meM ullikhita rAsAyanika prakriyAoM kA ullekha karatI hai| isake anusAra, joNIpAhuDa meM svarga siddhi Adi vidyAoM kA ullekha hai| jinezvarasUri ne kathAkoSa-prakaraNa ke sundarIdatta' kathAnaka meM jinabhASita pUrvagata joNI pAhuDazAstra kA ullekha kiyA hai| prabhAvaka carita (5/115/122) meM bhI isagraMtha ke AdhAra para machalIaura siMha banAne ke nirdeza haiN| ___kulamaNDanasUri dvArA vikrama saMvat 1473 meM racita vicArAmRta saMgraha (pR. 9) meM ullekha hai ki agrAyaNIpUrva se nirgata yAniprAbhRta ke kucha upadezoM kI dezanA ko dharasena dvArA varjita kahA gayA hai| isameM ujjaMtagiri (pazcimI saurASTa ke girinagara) meM isa graMtha ke uddhAra kA bhI ullekha haiM / isase dhavalA meM unheM jo girinAra kI candraguphA meM nivAsa karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai, usa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| isI graMtha ke caturtha khaNDa meM agrAyaNI pUrva ke madhya 28 hajAra gAthAoM meM varNita zAstra ko saMkSepa meM kiye jAne kA bhI ullekha hai"| jahA~ digambara paraMparA meM chaThavIM zatAbdI se lekara 15vIM zatAbdI taka aneka graMthoM meM unake isa graMtha ke niraMtara ullekha pAye jAte haiN| isase yaha nizcita hotA hai, dharasena aura unakA graMtha yoniprAbhRta (joNipAhuDa) zvetAmbara paraMparAoM meM mAnya rahA hai| ataH, ve uttara bhArata kI usI nigraMtha paraMparA se sambaddha hoMge, jinake graMthoM kA uttarAdhikAra zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM ko samAna rUpa se milA hai| yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI inakA aura inake graMtha joNIpAhuDa kA ullekha dhavalA meM huA hai|

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51 'joNIpAhuDa' meM usake kartA kA nAma prajJAzramaNa (pannasavaNa) bhI ullekhita hai| prajJAzramaNa, kSamA-zramaNa yA kSapaNa-zramaNa kI taraha hI eka upAdhi rahI hai, jo uttara bhAratIya avibhakta nirgrantha paraMparA meM pracalita thii| nandIsUtra (29) meM Aryanandila ko vaMdana karate hue 'pasaNNamaNa' zabda AyA hai, usameM varNavyatyaya huA hai, merI dRSTi meM use 'paNNasamaNaM' honA cAhiye / ghavalA meM prajJAzramaNa ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai " tiloyapaNNati meM prajJAzramaNoM meM vajrayaza (vairajasa) ko aMtima prajJAzramaNa kahA gayA . hai"| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM Aryavajra aura unake ziSya Aryavajrasena kA tathA Aryavajra se vajrI zAkhA aura Arya nAgasena se nAgalI zAkhA ke nikalane kA ullekha hai| vajrasena kA kAla vIra nirvANa ke 616 se 619 mAnA gayA hai| ye nAgahasti ke samakAlIna bhI haiN| nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke anusAra dharasena kA kAla bhI yahI hai| sabase mahatvapUrNa sUcanA yaha hai ki mathurA ke huviSka varSa 48 ke eka abhilekha meM brahmadAsika kula aura uccanAgarI zAkhA ke dhara' kA ullekha hai"| lekha ke Age ke akSaroM ke ghisa jAne ke kAraNa par3hA nahIM jA sakA, ho sakatA hai, pUrA nAma dharasena' ho / kyoMki kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM zAMtisena, vajrasena Adisena nAmAntaka nAma milate haiM, ataH ise dharasena hone kI saMbhAvanAko nirasta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa kAla meM hameM kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM eka pusagiri kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, ho sakatA hai, ye puSpadaMta hoN| isI prakAra nandIsUtra vAcakavaMza sthavirAvalI meM bhUtadina kA bhI ullekha hai| inakA samIkaraNabhUtabali se kiyAjA sakatA hai| ___ yaha mahatvapUrNa hai ki bhUtadina usI nAgila zAkhA ke haiM, jo prajJAzramaNa vajrasena se prAraMbha huI thii| yadyapi isa saMdarbha meM abhI adhika pramANoM kI khoja aura gaMbhIra ciMtana kI apekSA hai, phira bhI yadidharasena vIra nirvANa kI chaThavIM zatAbdI meM hue haiM aura ve bhI yoniprAbhRta ke kartA hai, to ve mathurA ke ukta abhilekha ke AdhAra para zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ke hI pUrvaja hai| isa abhilekha kA kAla aura naMdIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalIse diyA gayA dharasena kA kAla samAna hI hai| yoniprAbhRta ke zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya hone se bhI unakA zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja uttara bhAratIya nigraMtha dhArA se honA hI siddha hotA hai| ___ yadi hama naMdIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI aura mathurA ke pUrvottara abhilekha se alaga haTakara SaTkhaMDAgama kI TIkA dhavalA ke AdhAra para dharasena ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra

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52 kareM, to hameM unakA kAla I. san kI dUsarI zatI se nIce utArakara 5vIM yA chaThavIM zatAbdI taka lAnA hogA, kyoMki dhavalA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa pazcAt saMpUrNa AcArAGga ke dhAraka lohArya hue| unake pazcAt jo bhI AcArya hue, ve saba aMga aura pUrvI ke eka deza ke dhAraka the, arthAt unheM aMga aura pUrvoM kA AMzika jJAna hI thaa| aMga aura pUrvoM kA yaha AMzika jJAna AcArya paraMparA se AtA huA dharasena ko prApta huA / " dhavalA kA yaha kathana mahatvapUrNa hai| lohArya aura dharasena ke bIca ke AcAryoM ke saMdarbha meM dhavalAkAra kA yaha ajJAna spaSTa rUpa se yaha batalAtA hai ki kama se kama unake bIca 200 varSa se adhika kA aMtara rahA hogA, ataH dharasena vIra nirvANa ke 683 + 200 = 883 varSa pazcAt, arthAt I. san kI caturtha zatAbdI ke bAda hI hue hoMge, paraMtu pro. madhusUdana DhAkI" ke anusAra dharasena kA kAla I. san kI 5 - 6ThI zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa hai| cAhe hama dharasena ko paravartI hI kyoM na svIkAra kareM, kintu anya kucha aise pramANa haiM, jinake AdhAra para bhI unheM dakSiNa bhAratIya digambara paraMparA se saMbaMddha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha spaSTa hai ki dharasena ne SaTkhaMDAgama kI racanA nahIM kI thI, unhoMne to mAtra puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali ko mahAkarmaprakRti prAbhRta kA adhyayana karAyA thA / mahAkarmaprakRti prAbhRta bhI uttara bhArata kI avibhakta nirgratha paraMparA meM hI nirmita huA thA / naMdIsUtra paTTAvalI meM Arya nAgahasti ko karmaprakRti aura vyAkaraNa zAstra kA jJAtA kahA gayA hai / " vastutaH, yahI karmaprakRtizAstra Age calakara zvetAmbara paraMparA meM zivazarma dvArA racita karmaprakRti Adi graMthoM kA aura yApanIya paraMparA meM puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali dvArA racita SaTkhaMDAgama kA AdhAra banA hai| cU~ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbaradonoM hI isa paraMparA ke uttarAdhikArI the, ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki donoM paramparAoM meM isa karmaprakRti zAstra ke AdhAra para graMtha racanAe~ huii| ataH, dharasena uttara bhAratIya nirgratha saMgha ke hI AcArya siddha hote haiM / yadi hama dharasena ke vihAra kSetra kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kareM, to bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki unhoMne puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko mahAkarmaprakRtizAstra kA adhyApana saurASTa deza ke girinagara kI candraguhA meM karAyA thA / saurASTa meM prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja taka zvetAmbara tathA yApanIya tathA yApanIyoM se nikale punnATa aura lAr3abAgar3a gacchauM kA prabhutva rahA hai, ataH kSetra kI puSTi se bhI dharasena yA to usa avibhakta nirgrantha paraMparA ke

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53 AcArya haiM, jisase zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kA prAdurbhAva huA hai, yA phira ve uttara bhAratIyaacela yApanIya paraMparA se sambaddha rahe haiN| ___ isa prakAra, sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM, AdhArabhUta graMtha, kSetra tathA kAla- sabhI dRSTiyoM se dharasena tathAkathita mUlasaMghIya digambara paraMparA se sambaddha na hokara zvetAmbara yA yApanIya paraMparA se athavA unakI pUrvaja uttara bhArata kI avibhakta nigraMtha paraMparA se hI sambaddha pratIta hote haiM aura unakA kAla IsA kI cauthI - pAMcavIM zatI ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| unakA prasiddha graMtha joNIpAhuDa ho sakatI hai aura ve mahAkarma prakRtizAstra ke vizeSa jJAtA the aura unhoMne karmazAstra kA vizeSa jJAna puSpadaMta aurabhUtabali ko diyaathaa| saMdarbha: 1. jaina zilAlekhasaMgrahabhAga 2, lekha krmaaNk| (a) SaTkhaNDAgama parizIlana (bAlacandrazAstrI), pR. 20 (ba) jaina sAhitya kA vRhad - itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR. 200-202. 3. yoniprAbhRtaM vIrAt 600 dhArasenam - vRhaTippaNikA jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka pariziSTa 1 evaM 2 4. iti rukkhAyuvvede joNivihANe ya visrisehito| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya (Agamodaya samiti), gAthA 1775. joNipAhuDAtiNAjahA siddhaseNAyarieNaassAe ktaa| - nizIthacUrNi, khaNDa 2, pR. 281. 6. vizeSAvazyakabhASya (maladhAragacchIya hemacandra kI TIkAsahita) gAthA 1775 kITIkA. Namo siddhANaM Namo joNIpAhuDasiddhANaM ... magavaM savvaNNU jeNa evaM savvaM joNI-pAhuDa bhaNiyaM ... / - kuvalayamAlA , (udyotanasUri), bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, pR. 196-97. 8. jiNabhAsiyapuvvagae joNopAhuDasue smuddittttN| eyaMpisaMghakajje kAyavvaM dhiirpurisehiN|| - jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR. 201

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9. aggeNipuvvaniggapAhuDasatthassa majjhayArammi / kiMci uddesadesaM dharaseNo vajjiyaM bhaNai // giriujjiMtaThieNa pacchimadese suraTThagirinayare / buDDataM uddhariyaM dUsamakAlappayAvammi // - vicArAmRtasaMgraha, kulamaNDana sUri, sUrata, pR. 9 10. aTThAvIsasahassA gAhANaM jattha vanniyA satthe / aggeNipuvvamajjhe saMkhevaM vitthare muttuM // 54 - vicArAmRtasaMgraha, pR. 9-10 11. Namo paNNAsamaNANaM // 18 // - SaTkhaNDAgama, ghavalA, khaNDa 4, bhAga 1, pustaka 9, pR. 81-82. 12. paNNasamaNesu carimo vairajaso nAma ohiNANIsu / carimo siriNAmo sudaviNayasusIlAdisaMpaNNo / / -tiloyapaNNati - 4/1480 13. mahArAjasya huviSkasya sa 40 / 8 he 4 di. 5 bamadAsiye kula (')u (ca)o nAgariya zAkhAyA dhara... / - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 50, pR. 38. 14. bhuahiyayappagabbhe vaMde haM bhUyadiNNamAyarie / - nandIsUtra 39. 15. SaTkhaMDAgama - dhavalATIkA, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, pR. 66-68. 16. pro. ema. e. DhAkI ke aprakAzita lekha 'SaTkhaNDAgama kA racanA kAla " para AdhArita. 17. nandIsUtra - sthavirAvalI 30.

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55 4 - puSpadanta aura bhUtabali aura unakA graMtha SaTkhaNDAgama ( lagabhaga IsvI san kI pAMcavIM zatI) puSpadanta aura bhUtabali SaTkhaNDAgama ke raciyatA haiM / inake ullekha naMdIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke atirikta kucha anya paTTAvaliyoM aura abhilekhoM meM bhI milate haiN| harivaMzapurANa kI sUcI meM inakA ullekha nahIM hai / prApta ullekhoM meM bhI kAlakrama aura guru paraMparA kI dRSTi se itanI visaMgatiyA~ haiM ki ina donoM ko guru paraMparA kA aura inake kAla kA nirNaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM yadyapi puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ke ullekha haiM, kintu ve bhI unakI guru paraMparA aura gaNa Adi ke saMbaMdha meM ve spaSTatayA mauna haiN| dharasena to unake vidyAguru hI siddha hote haiM, unake dIkSA guru kauna the, ve kisa paraMparA aura anvaya ke the, isa saMbaMdha meM hameM dhavalA, jayadhavalA aura naMdIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI se bhI koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai / puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali kA kAla bhUtabali aura puSpadaMta ko kuMdakuMda kI paraMparA se sambaddha batAne ke lie, siddharavasati kA I. san 1398 kA jo abhilekha upalabdha hotA hai, vaha bhI itanI adhika visaMgatiyoM se bharA huA hai ki usakI vizvasanIyatA samApta ho jAtI hai / upalabdha digambara paTTAvaliyoM kI mukhya kamI yaha hai ki ve kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke samAna avicchinna guru paraMparA kI sUcaka nahIM haiM / unameM guru yA AcArya paraMparA ke sthAna para nandIsUtra kI vAcaka vaMza sthavirAMvalI ke samAna prasiddha- prasiddha AcAryoM ke nAmoM kA saMkalana mAtra hai| isa saMkalana meM bhI vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM meM paraspara asaMgatiyA~ pAI jAtI hai / punaH, nAmoM ke isa saMkalana meM kAlakrama aura guru paraMparA kA koI dhyAna nahIM rakhA gayA hai | jahA~ siddharavasati ke abhilekha' ke puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko arhatbali kA sAkSAt ziSya dikhAyA gayA hai, vahIM naMdIsaMgha paTTAvali meM unake bIca mAghanandI aura dharasena kA ullekha hai / isI prakAra, ukta abhilekha meM mAghanandI puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ke ziSya nemicandra ke ziSya haiM, vahIM naMdIsaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM ve dharasena ke guru haiM / jahA~ eka anya paTTAvalI' meM kundakunda ko mAghanandI kA praziSya aura jinacandra kA ziSya kahA gayA hai, vahIM ukta abhilekha meM mAghanandI ko kundakunda kI ziSya paraMparA meM unase 10veM sthAna para batAyA gayA hai| siddharavasati ke 14vIM zatI ke abhilekha meM puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kI jo guru paraMparA dI hai, usameM to kAlakrama ke viveka kA bhI pUrNa abhAva parilakSita hotA hai / usameM AcAryoM kA krama isa prakAra hai -

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kundakunda umAsvAti (gRdhrapiccha) balAkapiccha samantabhadra zivakoTi devanadI bhaTTAkalaMka jinasena puSpadanta guNabhadra arhadbala bhUtabali nemicandra mAghanandI eka ora digambara paraMparA yaha mAnatI hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama para kundakunda parikarma nAmaka prAkRta vyAkhyA' likhI thI, kintu dUsarI ora usI SaTkhaNDAgama ke raciyatA ko kundakunda kI ziSya paraMparA meM dasaveM krama para sthAna denA kitanA virodhAbhAsapUrNa hai| yadi hama naMdIsaMgha paTTAvalI ko pramANa mAnate haiM, to puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kA kAla IsA kI tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga nizcita hotA hai, kintu isa abhilekha ke anusAra to puSpadanta aura bhUtabali na kevala kundakunda ke pazcAt, apitu umAsvAti, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, devanandi, bhaTTa akalaMka, jinasena guNabhadra Adi ke bhI pazcAt hue haiN| bhaTTa akalaMka kA kAla digambara vidvAnoM ne sAtavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga mAnA hai, ataH ukta abhilekha ke anusAra puSpadanta aura bhUtabali 8vIM zatI ke pUrva ke siddha nahIM hote haiM / ina saba visaMgatiyoM ke kAraNa digambara paraMparA meM upalabdha paTTAvaliyA~ prAcIna AcAryoM ke saMbaMdha meM vizvasanIya nahIM raha jAtIM, jabaki kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI paTTAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA mathurA ke abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se siddha ho cukI hai| jisa naMdIsaMgha kI paTTAvalI kI prAmANikatA ko hamAre vidvAnoM ne balapUrvaka sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / ' usameM gautama se lekara bhUtabali taka 33 AcAryoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai, kintu inameM kahIM bhI kundakunda kA

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57 nAmollekha nahIM hai, jabaki usI kI bhUmikA rUpa meM prakSipta 3 zlokoM meM use mUlasaMgha naMdIAmnAya, balAtkAragaNa, sarasvatI gaccha aura kundakundAnvaya kI paTTAvalI kahA gayA hai / yadi ye bhUmikArUpa 3 zloka isI paTTAvalI ke aMza haiM, to phira yaha paTTAvalI paryApta paravartI hI siddha hogI, kyoMki balAtkAragaNa kA ullekha san 1075 I. ke pUrva nahIM milatA hai / svayaM kundakundAnvaya kA, jisakI yaha paTTAvalI kahI jAtI hai, ullekha bhI I. san 931 ke pUrva kahIM nahIM milatA hai|' aisI sthiti meM puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ke guru paraMparA aura kAla kA nirNaya di. paTTAvaliyoM aura abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para kara pAnA kaThina hai / yadyapi dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM Aye unake ullekhoM se unakI aitihAsikatA sunizcita hai, kintu isa AdhAra para unako guru paraMparA tathA unake kAla kA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / unake kAla aura paraMparA kA nirNaya karane kA sAdhana hamAre pAsa unake graMtha kI viSayavastu ke atirikta anya kucha bhI nahIM hai| yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki unake vidyAguru dharasena the, to unheM hameM I. san kI cauthI se pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke bIca kahIM bhI to sthApita karanA hogA, kintu yaha kAlanirNaya unakI paraMparA kA AdhAra nahIM bana sktaa| yadyapi itanA nizcita hai ki isa kAla meM yApanIya saMgha susthApita ho cukA thA aura isalie inake yApanIya hone kI saMbhAvanA ko nirasta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vastutaH, SaTkhaNDAgama ko yApanIya graMtha siddha karane ke lie sabase Avazyaka tathya usameM sthApita una mAnyatAoM ko spaSTa karanA hai, jinake AdhAra para use yApanIya graMtha siddha kiyA jA sake / agrima paMktiyoM meM hama una tathyoM ko prastuta kareMge, jinake AdhAra para SaTakhaNDAgama aura unake kartA puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko yApanIya paraMparA kA mAnA jA sakatA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama aura usakI viSayavastu SaTkhaNDAgama ke yApanIya paraMparA se saMbaMdhita hone kA sabase mahatvapUrNa evaM anyatama pramANa usameM satprarUpaNA nAmaka anuyogadvAra kA 93vA~ sUtra hai, jisameM paryApta manuSyanI (strI) meM saMyata-guNasthAna kI upasthiti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo prakArAntara se strI-mukti kA sUcaka hai|' yadyapi digambara paraMparA meM isa sUtra ke 'saMjada' pada ko lekara kAphI UhApoha huA aura mUlagraMtha se pratilipi karate samaya kAgaja aura tAmrapatra para kI gaI pratilipiyoM se ise chor3a diyA gayA thaa| yadyapi anta meM saMpAdakoM ke Agraha ko mAnakara mudrita prati meM saMjada pada rakhA gayA aura yaha 'saMjada' pada bhAvastrI ke

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58 saMbaMdha meM hai, aisA mAnakara saMtoSa kiyA gyaa| prastuta prasaMga meM maiM una sabhI carcAoM ko uThAnA nahIM cAhatA, kevala itanA hI kahanA cAhU~gA ki SaTkhaNDAgama ke sUtra 89 se lekara 93 taka meM kevala paryApta manuSya aura aparyApta manuSya, paryApta manuSyanI aura aparyApta manuSyanI kI carcA hai, dravya aura bhAva manuSya yA bhAvI manuSyanI kI vahA~ koI carcA hI nahIM hai, ataH isa prasaMga meM dravya strI aura bhAva strI kA prazna uThAnA hI nirarthaka hai| dhavalAkAra svayaM bhI isa sthAna para zaMkita thA, kyoMki isase strI-mukti kA samarthana hotA hai, ataH usane apanI TIkA meM yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki manuSyanI ke sadaMrbha meM saptama guNasthAna mAnane para usameM 14 guNasthAna bhI mAnane hoMge aura phira strI-mukti bhI mAnanI 8 hogI, kintu jaba deva, manuSya, tiryaca Adi kisI ke bhI saMbaMdha meM mUla graMtha meM dravya aura bhAva-strI kI carcA kA prasaMga nahIM uThAyA gayA, to TIkA meM manuSyanI ke saMbaMdha meM yaha prasaMga uThAnA kevala sAmpradAyika Agraha kA hI sUcaka hai| vastutaH, prastuta graMtha yApanIya sampradAya kA rahA hai| cU~ki ukta sampradAya strImukti ko svIkAratA thA, ataH use yaha sUtra rakhane meM koI Apatti hI nahIM ho sakatI thI / samasyA to una TIkAkAra AcAryoM ke sAmane AI, jo strI-mukti kA niSedha karane vAlI digambara paraMparA kI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para isakA artha karanA cAhate the / ataH, mUlagraMtha meM 'saMjada' pada kI upasthiti se SaTkhaNDAgama mUlataH yApanIya paraMparA kA graMtha siddha hai, isameM kiMcit bhI saMzaya kA sthAna nahIM raha jAtA hai / yApanIya paraMparA ke saMbaMdha meM yaha bhI sunizcita hai ki ve zvetAmbara AgamoM ko mAnate the aura unakI paraMparA meM unakA adhyayana-adhyApana bhI hotA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kI viSayavastu bahuta kucha rUpa meM zvetAmbara paraMparA ke prajJApanA sUtra se milatI hai, yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama meM ciMtana kA jo vikAsa hai, vaha prajJApanA meM nahIM hai / isa saMbaMdha meM paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne vistAra se jo carcA kI haiM, use hama atisaMkSepa meM yahA~ prastuta kara rahe haiM - 1. prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama - donoM kA AdhAra 'dRSTivAda' hai, ataH donoM kI sAmagrI kA strota eka hI hai / 2. donoM kI viSayavastu meM bahuta kucha samAnatA hai, kintu donoM kI nirUpaNa zailI bhinna hai - eka jIva ko kendra meM rakhakara vivecanA karatA hai to dUsarA baddha karmoM ke kSaya ke kAraNa niSpanna guNasthAnoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara jIva kA vivecana karatA hai /

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* 59 3. prajJApanA ke 36 padoM meM se karmabaMdhaka, karmavedaka, vedabaMdhaka, vedavedaka aura vedanA- ye chraH khaNDa, SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI isI nAma se sUcita kiye gaye haiM, jinakI samAnatA tulanIya hai / 4. jahA~ prajJApanAsUtra bhagavatI ke samAna praznottara zailI meM likhA gayA hai, vahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama meM kucha prazna - uttara bhI saMgrahIta haiM / 5. prajJApanA eka hI AcArya kI saMgrahakRti hai, usameM koI cUlikA nahIM hai, kintu SaTkhaNDAgama kI sthiti isase bhinna hai, usameM aneka cUlikAe~ bhI samAviSTa haiN| 6. jahA~ prajJApanA sUtra - zailI kA graMtha hai, vahAM SaTkhaNDAgama anuyoga-zailI yA vyAkhyA - zailI kA graMtha hai / 7. uparyukta kucha bhinnatAoM ke hote hue bhI SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA meM nirUpaNasAmya aura zabdasAmya hai / prajJApanA kI gAthAeM kra. 99-100-101 SaTkhaNDAgama meM sUtra kra. 122-23-24 meM pAI jAtI haiM, kintu jahA~ 'imaM bhaNidaM' kahakara ina gAthAoM ko SaT khaNDAgama meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, vahAM prajJApanA meM aisA koI nirdeza nahIM hai / ina gAthAoM ke atirikta mahAdaNDaka kI carcA donoM meM bahuta kucha samAnarUpa se milatI hai| alpabahutva kI isa carcA ko prajJApanA meM 26 dvAroM ke dvArA vivecita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM mAtra gati Adi 14 dvAroM ke AdhAra para isakI carcA kI gaI hai| prajJApanA meM jo adhika dvAra haiM, unakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unameM jIva aura ajIva - donoM kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM mAtra jIva kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama ke 14 dvAra prajJApanA meM bhI usI nAma se milate haiM, mAtra krama kA aMtara hai / 8.jahA~ prajJApanA meM mahAdaNDaka meM jIva ke 98 bhedoM kA ullekha hai, vahAM SaTkhaNDAgama ke mahAdaNDaka meM jIva ke mAtra 78 bhedoM kA ullekha hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM prajJApanA meM vaicArika vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai, jabaki yahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama prAcIna paraMparA kA anusaraNa karatA hai, kintu anya prakaraNoM meM prajJApanA kI apekSA SaTkhaNDAgama meM vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai / 9. prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama- donoM meM hI tIrthaMkara, cakravarttI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi pada kI prApti kI carcA hai / 10. jisa prakAra prajJApanA meM niyuktiyoM kI aneka gAthAeM haiM, usI prakAra

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60 SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI niryuktiyoM kI aneka gAthAeM milatI haiM, isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki donoM kisI samAna paraMparA se hI vikasita hue hai / SaTkhaNDAgama pustaka 13 meM sUtra 4 se 16 taka kI gAthAeM Avazyakaniryukti meM gAthA kra. 31 se Age aura vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM gAthA kra. 604 se yathAvat milatI hai / SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA ke mUla srota kI yaha ekarUpatA yahI sUcita karatI hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kA vikAsa bhI usI dhArA se huA hai, jisameM prajJApanA kI racanA huI / yadyapi SaT - khaNDAgama meM kucha sthala to aise haiM, jo prajJApanA kI apekSA bhI prAcIna paraMparA kA anusaraNa karate haiM, kintu SaTkhaNDAgama meM anuyogadvAra ke mAdhyama se jo vyAkhyA zailI apanAI gaI hai, usameM naya - nikSepa paddhati kA jo anusaraNa pAyA jAtA hai, vaha prajJApanA meM upalabdha nahIM hai aura isa dRSTi se prajJApanA SaTkhaNDAgama kI apekSA prAcIna pratIta hotA hai / usI prakAra, prajJApanA meM guNasthAna - siddhAMta kA koI bhI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM to guNasthAna - siddhAnta vivecana kA mukhya AdhAra rahA hai / isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki prajJApanA kI apekSA SaTkhaNDAgama paravartI hai | jahA~ prajJApanA IsA pUrva prathama zatI kI racanA hai, | vahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA nahIM hai, phira bhI donoM meM viSayavastu evaM zailIgata sAmya yahI sUcita karatA hai ki donoM ke vikAsa kA mUla srota eka hI paraMparA hai| I pro. hIrAlAla jaina aura pro. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA kI pustaka 1, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1 ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kI apanI bhUmikA meM paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ke uparyukta vicAroM kI samIkSA kI hai, kintu ve bhI yaha to mAnate hI hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA meM viSayavastugata sAmya hai / " cAhe ve yaha nahIM mAneM ki SaTkhaNDAgama para prajJApanA kA prabhAva hai, kintu itanA to mAnanA hI hogA ki isa samAnatA kA AdhAra donoM kI pUrva paraMparA kA honA hai aura yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM hI uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha paraMparA ke samAna rUpa se uttarAdhikArI rahe haiM aura isIlie donoM kI Agamika paraMparA eka hI hai tathA yahI unake Agamika graMthoM kI nikaTatA kA kAraNa hai / SaTkhaNDAgama meM strI-mukti kA samarthana aura zvetAmbara Agamika aura niryukti sAhitya se usakI zailI aura viSayavastugata samAnatA yahI siddha karatI hai ki yaha yApanIya paraMparA kA graMtha hai|

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61 mUla SaTkhaNDAgama kI zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya se kisa prakAra nikaTatA hai, use nimna tulanAtmaka vivaraNoM se samyak rUpa se jAnA jA sakatA haiprajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama prajJApanA sUtra samayaM vakkaMtANaM samayaM tesiM sarIranivvattI / samayaM ANuggahaNaM samayaM UsAsa - nIsAse // 99 // SaTkhaNDAgama * samagaM vakkaMtANaM samagaM tesiM sarIraNippattI / samagaM ca aNuggahaNaM samagaM ussAsaNissAso | sUtra 124 prajJApanA sUtra ekkassa u jaM gahaNaM bahUNa sAhAraNANa taM ceva / jaM bahuyANaM gahaNaM samAsao taM pi egassa / / 100 / SaTkhaNDAgama eyarasa aNuggahaNaM bahUNa sAhAraNANameyassa / eyassa jaM bahUNaM samAsado taM pi hodi yassa // - sUtra - 123 prajJApanA sUtra sAhAraNamAhAro sAhAraNamANupANagahaNaM ca / sAhAraNajIvANaM sAhAraNalakkhaNaM eyaM // 101 // SaTkhaNDAgama sAhAraNamAhAro sAhAraNamANapANagahaNaM ca / sAhAraNajIvANaM sAhAraNalakkhaNaM bhaNidaM / (sUtra 122) sthAnAMga sthAnAMga aura SaTkhaNDAgama maNasA vayasA kAeNa vAvi juttassa viriyapariNAmo / jIvassa appaNijjo sa jogasanno jiNakkhAo // - sthAnAMga, sthAna 3, pR. 101

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SaTkhaNDAgama maNasA vacasA kAeNa cAvi juttassa viriyprinnaamo| jIvassappaNiyoo jogo tti jiNehi nnidditttto|| - SaTkhaNDAgama, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, pR. 101 Avazyakaniyukti aura SaTakhaNDAgama Avazyakaniyukti aMgulamAvaliyANaM, bhAgasaMkhijja dosu sNkhijjaa| aMgulamAvaliaMto, AvaliyA aMgulapuhuttaM // 32 // SaTkhaNDAgama aMgulamAvaliyAe mAgamasaMkhejja do vi sNkhejjaa| aMgulamAvaliyaMto AvaliyaM cAMgulapudhattaM // 304 // Avazyaka niyukti bharahaMmi addhamAso, jaMbUdIvaMmi sAhio maaso| vAsaM ca maNualoe, vAsapuhuttaM ca syagaMmi // 34 // SaTkhaNDAgama bharahammi addhamAsaM sAhiyamAsaM ca jNbudiivmmi| vAsaM ca maNualoe vAsapudhattaM ca rUjagammi // 307 // Avazyakaniyukti saMkhijami u kAle, dIvasamuddAvi huMti sNkhijjaa| kAlaMmi asaMkhijje, dIvasamuddA u bhaiyavvA // 35 // SaTkhaNDAgama saMkhejjadime kAle dIva - samuddA havaMti sNkhejjaa| kAlammi asaMkhejje dIva - samuddA asaMkhejjA // 308 / / Avazyakaniyukti kAle cauNha vuDDhI, kAlo bhaiyavvu khittbuddddhiie|

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vuDDhIi davvapajjava, bhaiyavvA khittakAlA u // / 36 / / SaTakhaNDAgama kAlo caduNNa vuDDhI kAlo bhajidavvo khettavuDDhIe / vuDDhIe davva-pajjaya bhajidavvA khetta - kAlA du ||309 // Avazyakaniryukti sakkIsANA paDhamaM, duccaM ca saNakumAramAhiMdA / taccaM ca baMbhalaMtaga, sukkasahassAra ya cautthIM // 48 // SaTkhaNDAgama sakkIsANA paDhamaM doccaM tu saNakkumAra- mAhiMdA / taccaM tu bamha-laMtaya sukka sahassArayA cotthaM // 316 / / Avazyaka niryukti ANapANayakappe, devA pAsaMti paMcamiM puDhavIM / taM ceva AraNacyUya, ohInANeNa pAsaMti // 49 // SaTkhaNDAgama ANada-pANadavAsI taha AraNa - accudA ya je devA / passaMti paMcamakhidiM chaTThima gevajjayA devA // 318 // Avazyakaniryukti ukkoso maNuesuM, maNussatiriesu ya jahaNNe ya / ukkosa logamitto, paDivAi paraM apaDivAI // 53 // SaTkhaNDAgama ukkassa mANusesu ya mANusa - tericchae jahaNNohI / ukkassa logamettaM paDivAdI teNa paramapaDivAdI // 3271 vivecana zailIgata samAnatA SaTkhaNDAgama prajJApanA dizA 63

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kaSAya lezyA 2. gati 1. gati indriya 2. indriya 4. kAya 3. kAya 5. yoga 4. yoga 6. veda 5. veda 6. kaSAya 10 lezyA 9. samyaktva 12. samyaktva 10. jJAna 7. jJAna 11. darzana 9. darzana 12. saMyata 8. saMyama 13. upayoga 14. AhAra 14. AhAraka 15. bhASaka 16. paritta 17. paryApta 18. sUkSma 19. saMjJI 13. saMjJI 20. bhava 11. bhavya 21. astikAya 22. carima 23. jIva 24. kSetra 25. baMdha 26. pudgala isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki SaTkhaNDAgama bhI umAsvAti aura prajJApanA ke kartA zyAmAcArya ke bAda kA graMtha hai| isakA kAla IsA kI pA~cavIM yA chaThavIM zatI se pUrva nahIM jAtA hai| yadyapi isameM digambara mAnya sAta nayoM ke

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65 sthAna para umAsvAti ke bhASyamAnya pATha ke anurUpa pA~ca hI nayoM kA ullekha hai| yadi umAsvAti cauthI yA pA~cavIM zatI ke haiM, to yaha graMtha bhI pAMcavIM yA chaThavIM zatI se prAcIna nahIM ho sakatAaura isakAjo kAla hai, vahIMpuSpadaMta aura bhUtabali kA kAla hai phirabhI itanA nizcita hai ki puSpada aura bhUtabalikarma siddhAMta ke gahana jnyaataathe| saMdarbha: 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-1, siddharavasati abhilekha, kramAMka 105. 2. SaTkhaNDAgamadhavalATIkA samanvita, khaNDa-1, bhAga-1 pustaka-1, prastAvanA, pR. 21-22 para uddhRta. 3. paTTAvalIparAgasaMgraha, pR- 117-118. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalATIkAsamanvita, khaNDa-1, bhAga-1, pustaka-1 prastAvanA, pR. 42. 5. vahI, prastAvanA, pR.-23. 6. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-3, prastAvanA, pR. 62. maNusiNIsumicchAiTTi sAsaNasammAiTThi TThANe siyApajjattiyAosiyA apjjtiyaao||92|| sammAmicchAiTThi asaMjadasammAiTThisaMjadAsaMjadasaMjada NiyamA pjjttiyaao||93|| 8. dekheM-vahIkhaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, pRSTha 334 para dhavalATIkA. 9. paNNavaNAsuttabhAga-prastAvanA (gujarAtI), pR., mahAvIra vidyAlayabambaI. dekheM- SaTkhaNDAgama, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1 ke dvitIyasaMskaraNa kI bhUmikA, pR. 10.

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5. AcArya kundakunda (IsvI san lagabhaga 5vIM yA 6ThIM zatI) AcArya kundakunda digambara jaina sAhityAkAza ke ve sUrya hai, jinake Aloka se unake paravartIkAla kA sampUrNa jaina sAhitya Alokita hai| kintu durbhAgya yaha hai ki anya bhAratIya AcAryoM ke samAna hI unake jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM koI bhI adhikRta jAnakArI unake aura unake sahavartI sAhitya se / hameM nahIM milatI hai| unake aura unake sAhitya ke AdhAra para mAtra aTakaleM hI lagAI jAtI hai| unakA vAstavika gRhI jIvana kA nAma kyA thA ?, unake mAtA pitA kauna the?, ve kaba aura kisa kAla meM hue - isakI adhikRta jAnakArI kA prAyaH abhAva hI hai| yadyapi yaha bAta sahI lagatI hai ki unake janmasthAna yA nivAsasthAna - kauNDakauNDapura ke AdhAra para hI ve kundakunda nAma se vikhyAta hue hai| sAmAnyatayA unheM nimna pA~ca nAmoM se pahacAnA jAtA hai- kundakunda, padyanandI, vakragIva, gRddhapiccha aura elAcArtha kahI-kahI unheM balAkapiccha bhI kahA gayA hai| inameM paravartI cAra nAma to nizcaya hI unakI muni avasthA se sambandhita hai aura prathama nAma unake nivAsasthala kauNDakauNDapura se sambandhita hai| Aja bhI dakSiNa bhArata ke kucha kSetroM meM vyaktiyoM ke gA~va yA nagara ke nAma unake nAma kA hI eka hissA hote haiN| sambhavataH kundakunda ke sAtha bhI aisA hI huA ho aura apane gA~va ke nAma se hI ve prakhyAta hue ho| padyanandI nAma unakI dIkSita avasthA kA nAma ho, kintu digambara AmnAya meM padyanandI nAma ke aneka AcArya ho gaye hai, ataH isa nAma se unakI pahacAna kara pAnA kaThina hI hai, yadyapi nandI nAmAnta se kucha vidvanoM ne unheM digambara AmnAya ke nandI saMgha se joDane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu yaha kitanA.pramANika hai, yaha siddha kara pAnA kaThina hai, yadyapi nandIsaMgha paTTAvalI ke pUrva kI hArnale dvArA sampAdita nandIsaMgha paTTAvalI meM pAcaveM krama para kundakunda kA nAma diyA hai anya paTTAvalIyoM meM kundakunda kA nAma nahI hai| kucha zilAlekhoM meM kundakundAnvaya kA nAma milatA hai| zilAlekhoM meM bhI unake nAma kundakunda yA padyanandI utkIrNa hai| ataH itanA nizcita hai ki IsA kI prathama sahasrAbdi meM ve nizcita hue hai| zilAlekhoM meM IsA kI sAtavIM zatI ke bAda se kUndakundAnvaya ke hone

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67 ke kucha pramANa upalabdha hai| gRddhapiccha yaha nAma unake dvArA mayUrapiccha ke sthAna para gRddha ke paMkha kI picchI dhAraNa karane se huA hai aura vakragIva unake atyAdhika lekhana aura paThana karane se gardana TeDI ho jAne ke kAraNa huA ho, ailAcArya bhI unakA eka aura bhI milatA hai, kintu ye tInoM vizeSaNa lagabhaga IsvI san kI teharavIM zatI se hI pracalana meM dekhe jAte hai ataH ye unake hI vizeSa nAma the, yaha siddha kara pAnA kaThina pratIta hotA hai vidvAnoM ne kundakunda aura padyanandI ina do nAmoM ko hI pramANika mAnA hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki ve dakSiNa bhAratIya digambara paramparA ke jainAcArya hue hai jinhone vipula sAhitya kI racanA kI thii| gurU paramparA aura sampradAya ___acArya kundakunda ke gurU kauna the, yaha bhI pUrNataH eka vivAdAspada prazna rahA hai, unhoMne apane grantha pAhuDa (prAbhRta) meM apane gurU ke rUpa meM bhadrabAhu kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu bhadrabAhu nAma ke bhI aneka AcArya hue hai unake gurU ke rUpa meM ullekhita bhadrabAhu kauna se hai, yaha nirNaya kara pAnA kaThina hai| digambara vidvAnoM ne do bhadrabAhu kI kalpanA kI hai - prathama bhadrabAhu jo pUrvadhara the aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt I. pU. lagabhaga tIsarI zatI meM hue hai, ve AcArya kundakunda ke vAstavika gurU nahIM ho sakate hai, kyoMki donoM meM kAla kA lambA antarAla hai, digambara vidvAnoM dUsare bhadrabAhu kI kalpanA IsA kI dUsarI zatI meM hone kI hai, kintu unake sAtha pUrvadhara Adi hone jo vizeSaNa diye gaye hai, ve to prathama bhadrabAhu ke sambandha meM yukta yA susaMgata ho sakate haiN| punaH kucha digambara vidvAnoM ne bhadrabAhu prathama ko hI gamaka gurU mAnakara yaha saMgati biThAI haiM, kintu yaha vAstavika saMgati nahIM hai, gamaka gurU mAnane meM koI bAdhA to nahIM hai, kintu isase samakAlikatA yA prAcInatA kA nirNaya nahIM ho pAtA hai, kyoMki Aja bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra yA gautama hamAre sabake gamaka gurU to hai hii| astu / zvetAmbaroM ne jina dUsare bhadrabAhu (barAmihara ke bhAI) kI kalpanA kI hai, unakA kAla lagabhaga I.sA. kI sAtavIM zatI hai, ataH unase bhI kundakunda kI kAlika samarUpatA ThIka se nahIM baiThatI hai| kundakunda ke gurU ke rUpa meM dUsarA nAma jinacandra kA bhI mAnA jAtA hai, kintu ye jinacandra kauna the, kaba hue, aisA koI bhI sabala pramANa nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbaroM meM jinacandra

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nAma ke aneka AcArya hue hai, inameM kundakunda ke gurU kauna se jinacandra the, yaha nirNaya kara pAna kaThina hai| sambhavataH jinacandra nAma ke AdhAra para AcArya hastImalajI ne yaha kalpanA karalI ho ki kundakunda pahale zvetAmbara paramparA meM dIkSita hue, phira zivabhUti ke prabhAva se yApanIya yA boTika ho gaye aura phira digambara hokara muni kI acelatA kA joro se samarthana karane lage, kintu isa sambandha meM sabala pramANa khoja pAnA kaThina hai| ataH yaha AcArya zrI kI svaira kalpanA hI ho sakatI hai| pramANika taura para nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kucha bhI kalpanA kara pAnA kaThina hI hai| itanA nizcita hI hai ki ve apane lekhana ke AdhAra para to digambara paramparA ke hI AcArya siddha hote hai| dakSiNa meM digambara paramparA kA hI bAhulyA thA, ataH yaha nizcita unakA samasta lekhana digambara paramparA se prabhAvita rahA hai| kundakunda kA kAla kundakunda kA samaya kyA hai ?, yaha atyanta hI vivAdAspada viSaya rahA hai| jahA~ kucha digambara vidvAna unheM I.pU. prathama zatAbdI meM rakhate hai, vahI kucha vidvAna unheM vikrama kI sAtavIM yA AThavIM zatI kA mAnate hai, inameM se kise satya mAnA jAye, yaha nirNaya ati kaThina hai| phira bhI unake lekhana meM prastuta saMketo yA avadhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para unake kAryakAla kA nirNaya sambhava hai| sarvaprathama paTTAvalI ke AdhAra para DaoN. ratanacaMdajI aura hArnale Adi kucha pazcimI vidvAnoM ne unheM I.pU. yA IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA mAnA hai to dUsarI ora pro. DhAkI digambara AcAryoM dvArA sAtavIM taka unakA ullekha bhI nahIM karanA, kundakundAnvaya ke sabhI abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika pramANa sAtavIM zatI ke bAda ke hone ke AdhAra para unheM vikrama kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI yA usake bhI bAda kA mAnate haiN| maineM bhI apane pUrva lekhoM meM pro. DhAkI kA samarthana karate hue aura unake dvArA kathita saptabhaMgI, guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna aura jIvasthAna tathA inake pArasparika sambandha kI spaSTatA ke AdhAra para inheM pAcavI zatI ke bAda kA hI mAnA hai| kucha digambara vidvAna unheM pUrvApara donoM tithiyoM ke madhya rakhate haiM yathA pro. hIrAlAlajI ne unheM IsA kI dvitIya zatI kA mAnA hai| paM. nAthUrAmajI premI ne bhI niyamasAra kI gAthA ke lokavibhAga zabda ko AdhAra banAkara lagabhaga unakA samaya vikrama kI chaThI zatI svIkAra kiyA hai| paM.

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69 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne yaha mAnA hai ki kundakunda I. pUrva san 8 se I. san 165 ke bIca sthita the, arthAta IsA kI dUsarI zatI meM hue / paM. kailAzacandajI markarA abhilekha ke AdhAra para unhe IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI kA mAnate hai / vaha paTTAvalI, jisake AdhAra para kundakunda ko I. pU. prathama zatAbdi meM rakhA jAtA hai, vaha bahuta hI paravartI kAla kI hai| usakI samaya racanA vikrama saMvat 1800 ke Asa-pAsa hai| isa prakAra apane se aThAraha sau varSa pUrva hue vyakti ke sambandha vaha kitanI pramANika hogI, yaha vicAraNIya hai| maine hI nahIM, apitu digambara jaina vidvAna paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne bhI isa paTTAvalI ko apramANika mAnA hai ve likhate haiM ki "isameM prAcIna AcAryo kA samaya aura krama bahuta kucha gaDabaDa meM pAyA jAtA hai udAharaNa ke lie pUjyapAda (devanandI) ke samaya ko hI lIjiye, paTTAvalI meM vaha vi. saM. 258 se 308 taka diyA hai| parantu itihAsa meM vaha 450 ke karIba AtA hai / itihAsa meM vasunandI kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai / parantu paTTAvalI meM chaThIM zatAbdi (525-531) diyA gayA, merI dRSTi meM yaha 600 varSa kI bhUla prArambha se calI A rahI hai| ataH paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra likhate haiM - yaha paTTAvalI saMdigdha avasthA meM hai aura kevala isI ke AdhAra para kisI ke samayAdi kA nirNaya kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? pro. hArnale, DaoN. piTarsana ne isI AdhAra para umAsvAtI ko IsA kI pahalI zatI kA vidvAna likhA hai aura isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne isa paTTAvalI kI koI vizeSa jA~ca nahIM kI / (dekheM - svImI samantabhadra pR. 145-146) / pro. ratanacandajI ise pramANa mAnakara kundakunda ko I. pUrvottara prathama zatI kA mAna rahe hai, yaha bAta kitanI prAmANika hogI ? yadi yaha paTTAvalI anyoM ke bAre meM bhI samaya kI apekSA apramANika hai, to kundakunda ke bAre meM pramANika kaise hogI ? ve bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi meM samAna gAthAe~ dikhAkara yaha kaise siddha kara sakate hai, ve gAthAe~ yA prasagaM kundakunda se unameM liye gaye hai| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki kundakunda ne ye prasaMga vahA~ se liye hoM / kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM ina sabhI vidvAnoM ke mata na kevala eka-dUsare ke virodhI hai apitu samIkSya bhI hai| merI dRSTi meM kundakunda IsA kI chaThI zatAbdi ke pUrva ke nahIM ho sakate haiM ? (1) yadi ve IsA kI prathama se lekara tIsarI, cauthI zatI taka ke bhI hote to koI

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70 na koI digambara AcArya jo IsA kI ravIM zatI se pUrva huA haiM, unakA nirdeza avazya krte| lekina samantabhadra, jinasena prathama, akalaMka, vidyAnandI Adi koI bhI cAhe unake pakSa meM ho yA vipakSa meM ho unakA nirdeza avazya krte| lekina AThavIM zatI taka koI bhI digambara yA zvetAmbara AcArya unakA nirdeza nahIM karate hai| (2) AcArya kundakunda kI amara kRtiyA~ samayasAra, niyamasAra, paMcAstikAyasAra, pravacanasAra Adi kI amRtacandra ke pUrva taka TIkA kI bAta to alaga, kisI bhI AcArya ne unakA nirdeza taka nahIM kyoM nahIM kiyA ?yadi ve unake pakSadhara hote to unakA nirdeza karate yA una para TIkA likhate, kAza yadi unake mantavyoM ke virodhI hote to unakA khaNDana krte| kintu IsA kI AThavIM-navIM zatI taka na to una kRtiyoM kA kahIM koI nirdeza milatA hai aura una para TIkA hI likhI gaI hai| yahA~ taka ki unakA nAma smaraNa bhI koI nahIM karatA hai| jabaki aneka pUrva AcAryo kA nAma nirdeza Adara pUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| (3) markarA abhilekha (rAka saM. 388) jisake AdhAra para kundakunda ko IsA kI cauthI zatI kA bhI mAnA jAtA hai, vaha jAlI hai, pramANika nahIM hai| prathamataH na kevala itihAsavidoM ne, apitu svayaM digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI use jAlI mAna liyA hai| IsA kI pA~cavI, chaThI zatI ke pUrva ke sabhI abhilekha prAkRta bhASA aura brAhmI lipI ke milate hai, jabaki yadi abhilekha saMskRta bhASA aura devanAgarI lipi meM hai| (4) kundakunda ne jo suttapAhuDa gAthA 22-23 meM strI mukti kA niSedha kiyA hai, usakA nirdeza AThavIM zatI ke pUrvavartI kisI bhI zvetAmbara yA digambara mAnya kisI bhI grantha meM nahIM milatA hai| navIM zatAbdi meM digambara AcArya vIrasvAmI mAtra usakA samarthana karate hue SaTkhaNDAgama ke prathama khaNDa ke 63 veM sUtra kI dhavalATIkA meM karate hai, jabaki AThavIM zatI meM zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra ne usakA nirdezakara usa sambandha meM yApanIya mAnyatA kA samarthana kiyA hai| jo acelakatA kI samarthaka hokara bhI strImukti aura kevalImukti kI sApoSaka rahI hai| (5) pro. ratanacaMdrajI bhI apane grantha 'jaina paramparA aura yApanIya saMgha' meM kundakunda ke anullekhana sambandhI isa prazna kA sIdhA uttara na dekara mAnA vismRti kA tarka dekara chuTTI pA lete hai| jabaki chaTI, sAtavIM zatI ke digambara

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AcAryoM ko apane pUrvavartI aneka AcAryoM ke nAma smaraNa meM rahe aura unheM Adara-pUrvaka namaskAra kiyA, ve kundakunda jaise mahAna AcArya ko kaise bhUla gaye ? merI dRSTi meM isake do hI kAraNa ho sakate hai, yA to ve unheM apanI paramparA kA na mAnakara kisI anya paramparA kA mAnate ho, yA phira unake kAla taka kundakunda kA astittva bhI nahIM rahA ho| bhAI zrI ratanacaMdajI ne mAnA ki guNasthAna ke sambandha meM merA mata parivartita huA hai, parantu aisA nahIM hai| AcArya kundakanda ke granthoM meM na kevala gaNasthAna apitu mArgaNAsthAna aura jIvasthAna kI carcA bhI hai na kevala carcA hai, unake sahasambandha kI ora saMketa bhI hai| ne kevala zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM eka apavAda ko choDakara jahA~ unheM 'jIvaThANa' kahA hai, zvetAmbaroM ke samAna SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI prArambha meM unheM 'jIvaThANa' hI kahA hai| tattvArtha meM to kahIM bhI guNasthAna kI carcA nahI hai jabaki kundakunda usakI carcA karate haiM, jina dasa avasthAoM kA tattvArtha ke 6 veM adhyAya meM ullekha hai, ve bhI guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa ke pUrva kI hai aura SaTakhaNDAgama ke kRtianuyogadvAra ke pariziSTa meM pAI jAtI hai, ve hI donoM gAthAe~ AcArAMga niyukti meM yathAvat hai| mai to mAtra yaha kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki yadi 14 guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA umAsvAti ke pUrva thI, to unhoMne use kyoM nahIM apanAyA ? kyoM mAtra dasa avasthA kI carcA kI, caudaha kI kyoM nahI kI ?jainadarzana aura usakI tattvamImAMsA aura jJAnamImAMsA meM aneka avadhAraNAe~ kAlakrama meM vikasita huI hai jaise paMcAstikAya se Sadravya aura tIna pramANoM se chaha pramANoM kI avadhAraNAdi tIna trasa aura tIna sthAvara se paMca sthAvaroM aura eka trasa kI avadhAraNA / ataH guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, saptabhaMgI Adi kI suspaSTa abhivyakti ke AdhAra para AcArya kundakunda IsA kI chaThI zatI ke bAda hI kabhI hue hai| markarA abhilekha ko DaoN. hIrAlAlajI, pro. gulAbacandajI caudharI Adi ne jAlI siddha kara hI diyA hai, yadi pro. ratanacaMdrajI use AMzika satya bhI mAne to bhI vaha lekha zaka saMvat kA hai aura zaka saM. 388 bhI use (388+78+57=533 I. san) IsA kI chaThI zatI kA hI siddha karatA hai| ataH kevala digambara vidvAnoM kI bAta ko hI mAne to bhI kundakunda kA samaya I. san kI chaThI zatI pUrva nahIM le jAyA sakatA hai| markarA abhilekha ke atirikta anya abhilekha jo zaka saMvat 716 evaM 724 Adi ke

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72 hai ve bhI IsA kI 6vIM zatI ke hI haiN| yadi kundakundAnvaya se kundakunda kA kAla sau varSa pUrva bhI mAna liyA jAe to bhI kundakunda kA samaya IsA kI chaThI zatI se pUrva nahIM jAtA hai / proM. ratanacandrajI ne sabhI prAcIna stara ke granthoM arthAt mUlacAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, SaTkhaNDAgama, tattvArthasUtra Adi meM kundakunda ke granthoM se gAthAe~ lene kA jo saMketa kiyA hai, usa sambandha meM merA eka hI prazna hai yadi ina sabhI granthakAroM ne kundakunda ke granthoM se gAthAe~ aura avadhAraNAe~ gRhIta kI hai, to ve unake nAma kA ullekha kyoM nahIM karate hai ? gAthAe~ le le aura nAma lenA bhUla jAye, yaha to eka gRhastha ke lie ucita nahIM hai to sAdhu aura vaha bhI zuddha AcAravAn digambara muniyoM ke lie kaise kSamya hogA ? yaha vicAraNIya avazya hai ? AdaraNIya bhAI ratanacandrajI ne mere se asahamata hokara bhI unake grantha meM aura lekhoM meM mere prati jo AdarabhAva prakaTa kiyA hai vahI yaha saMketa karatA hai ki pUjya munivaroM ne jaba kundakunda ke granthoM se anekoM gAthAe~ aura saiddhAntika avadhAraNAe~ gRhIta kI, to ve Adara pUrvakaunake nAma kA smaraNa karanA kaise bhUla gaye ? yadi hama paMcAstikAya ke TIkAkAra jayasena aura bAlacandrajI kI bAta ko mAnakara yaha kahe ki kundakunda ne yaha grantha mahArAja zivakumAra ke lie likhA aura ye zivakumAra, zivamRgeza varmA hI the, jo zaka saMvat 450 meM rAjya karate the to bhI kundakunda kA kAla IsA kI chaThI zatI se pUrva nahIM le jAyA sakatA hai| isa prakAra merI dRSTi meM kundakunda ke kAla kI apara sImA I. san kI chaThIM zatI aura nimna sImA I. san kI AThavIM zatI mAnI jA sakatI hai| Age hama unake sAhityi avadAna kI carcA karege / AcArya kundakunda kA sAhityaka avadAna AcArya kundakunda kA sAhityika avadAna stara aura grantha saMkhyA donoM hI apekSA se mahAna hai| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki unake 22 yA 23 grantha AjabhI upalabdha hai| yadyapi unheM 84 pAhuDoM (prAbhRtoM) kA lekhaka mAnA jAtA hai tathApi Aja ve sabhI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, yadi aSTa pAhur3a ko ATha bArasANuvekkhA ko bAraha aura dasa bhakti ko dasa grantha mAnA jAye to Aja bhI yaha saMkhyA lagabhaga 35 ke AsapAsa pahu~ca jAtI hai / unake upalabdha granthoM kI sUcI banAte samaya jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ne aSTa prAbhRtoM aura dasa bhaktiyoM -

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73 ko kramazaH ATha aura dasa grantha mAne hai| unake anusAra yaha sUcI nimna hai - 1. samayasAra, 2. niyamasAra, 3. paMcAstikAyasAra, 4. pravacanasAra, 5. bArassANuvekkhA, 6. daMsaNapAhuDa, 7. suttapAhuDa, 8. cArittapAhuDa, 9. zIlapAhuDa, 10. bodhapAhuDa, 11. bhAvapAhuDa, 12. mokkhapAhuDa, 13. liMgaDapAhuDa, 14. rayaNasAra, 15. siddhabhakti, 16. zrutabhavita, 17. yogIbhavita, 18. cAritrabhavita, 19. AcAryabhavita, 20. nirvANabhavita, 21. paMcagurUbhavita, 22. thorasAmibhakti / kucha logoM ne vaTTakera ke 23 mUlAcAra kA kartA bhI unheM mAnA hai| isa prakAra mukhtArajI unake granthoM kI saMkhyA 22 yA 23 batAte hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne aSTapAhuDa, rayaNasAra aura mUlAcAra ke unake kRrtavya ke sambandha meM zaMkA bhI uThAI hai| yahA~ mai isa vivAda meM par3akara mAtra unake ina granthoM kA ati-saMkSipta paricaya mAtra dUgA~ / (1) samayasAra - AcArya kunda ke sAhitya meM zreSTha AdhyAtmika grantha ke rUpa meM samayasAra kA sthAna sarvopari hai| yaha grantha mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM upalabdha hai, isakI gAthA saMkhyA vibhinna saskaraNoM meM alaga-alaga hai, yathA - amRtacandrajI kI TIkA meM samayasAra kI gAthA saM. 415 hai, jabaki jayasena kI TIkA meM gAthA saMkhyA 436 hai| yahI sthiti anya saMskaraNoM kI bhI hai jaise - kahAnajI svAmI ke saMskaraNa meM 415 gAthAe~ hai| isa grantha meM nizcayadRSTi aura vyavahAradRSTi se Amrava, puNya, pApa, badha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kI avasthAoM kA sundara citraNa hai| vaidika paramparA meM isI prakAra kI dRSTi ko lekara aSTAvakragItA nAmaka grantha milatA hai| dono meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bahuta samarUpatA hai| yaha to nizcita hai ki aSTAvakra upaniSadakAlIna RSi hai| ataH unakI aSTAvakragItA se yA unakI AdhyAtmikadRSTi se kundakunda ke samayasAra kA prabhAvita honA bhI pUrNataH amAnya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi samayasAra meM nizcayanaya kI pradhAnatA se aneka kathana hai, kintu AcArya kundakunda ne kahI bhI vyavahAranaya kI upekSA nahIM kI hai| jabaki unake TIkAkAra amRtacaMdrajI ne vyavahAra kI upekSA kara nizcaya para adhika bala diyA hai| amRtacaMdrajI kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve apanI Dora ko jainadarzana ke khUTe se bAdhakara apanI pataMga vedAnta ke AkAza meM uDAte hai| kundakunda ne aneka sthaloM para zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM kA Azraya liyA hai jaise gAthA saMkhyA 15 kA

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74 artha zvetAmbara Agama AcArAMga ke AdhAra para hI ThIka baiThatA hai, kahAnajI svAmI ke saMskaraNa meM to pATha hI badala diyA hai, "apadesa suttamajjhaM" ke sthAna para "apadesa saMta majjhaM" kara diyA hai| mUla artha hai zAstra yA Agama meM (AcArAMga meM) use avyapadezya arthAt anirvacanIya kahA hai| (2) paMcAstikAyasAra - tattvamImAsIya dRSTi se yaha bhI AcArya zrI kA eka bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa grantha hai, yaha bhI mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM racita hai| isakI gAthA saMkhyA amRtacaMdrajI kI TIkA ke anusAra 173 hai, jabaki jayasenAcArya ne 181 mAnI hai| isameM jainatatvamImAMsA kI eka mahatvapUrNa avadhAraNA arthAt paMcAstikAyoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM jainadarzana meM paMcAstikAyo kI avadhAraNA mUla hai aura usI se SadravyoM kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai| paMcAstikAya hai 1. jIvAstikAya, 2. pudgalastikAya, 3. dharmAstikAya, 4. adharmAstikAya aura 5. AkAzastikAya / jainadarzana meM prAcInakAla meM loka ko paMcAstikAya rUpa mAnA gayA thA aura kAlakrama meM usameM anAstikAya ke rUpa meM kAla ko joDakara hI SaTdravyoM kI avadhAraNA banI hai| -- (3) pravacanasAra - AcArya kundakunda ke mahatvapUrNa granthoM meM pravacanasAra kA nAma AtA hai| yaha grantha bhI mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM racita hai| AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM para arddhamAgadhI evaM mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva hone se unakI bhASA ko ajaina vidvAnoM ne jaina zaurasenI bhI kahA hai| amRtacaMdrajI kRta TIkA meM isakI gAthA saMkhyA 275 hai jabaki jayasenAcArya kRta TIkA meM isakI gAthA saMkhyA 311 hai / kahamajI svAmI ne bhI amRtacaMdrajI kA anusaraNa kara gAthA saMkhyA 275 hI mAnI hai / isake prathama jJAnatattva prajJApana adhikAra ke cAra upa adhikAra hai - 1. zuddhopayogadhikAra 2. jJAnAdhikAra, 3 sukhAdhikAra aura 4. zuddha prinnaamaadhikaar| isI prakAra dUsare jJeyatattva prajJApana - adhikAra ko dravya sAmAnya adhikAra aura dravya - vizeSa adhikAra tathA jJAtAjJeya adhikAra aise tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| tIsare caragANuyoga cUlikA mahAdhikAra ko bhI cAra adhikAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai 1. AcaraNa prajJApanAdhikAra, 2 . mokSamArga prajJApanAdhikAra, 3. zuddhopayoga prajJApanAdhikAra aura 4. paMcaratnAdhikAra / sAmAnya tathA isa grantha kA pratipAdya mokSamArga hI hai|

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75 (4) niyamasAra - yaha zaurasenI prAkRta meM racita eka saMkSipta grantha hai| isakI gAthA saMkhyA padyaprabha ke anusAra 187 hai| isa para amRtacaMdrajI aura jayasena kI koI TIkAe~ nahIM hai| padyaprabha ke atirikta isakI anya TIkAe~ upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| isa grantha kA mUla viSaya samyak-darzana, samyak-jJAna, samyak-cAritra evaM Sadravya hI hai| jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI sAmAyika Adi sambandhI isakI kucha gAthAeM nandIsUtra meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| yadyapi inako kisane kisase liyA hai yaha viSaya vivAdAspada hI rahA hai| yadi hama kundakunda ko IsvI san kI chaThI zatI kA mAne to unake dvArA ye gAthAe~ nandIsUtra se avatarita kiyA jAnA siddha ho sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| iti alam / (5-12) aSTaprAbhRta yA aTThapAhuDa - vastu aSTaprAbhRta yA aTThapAhuDa vastutaH eka grantha na hokara ATha granthoM kA samUha hai isake antargata- 1. daMsaNa pAhuDa, 2. sutta pAhuDa, 3. cAritta pAhuDa, 4. zIla pAhuDa, 5. bodha pAhuDa, 6. bhAva pAhuDa, 7. ligDa pAhuDa aura 8. mokkha pAhuDa - ye ATha choTe choTe grantha samAhita hai| paM. mukhtArajI ke anusAra pratyeka pAhuDa kI gAthA saMkhyA isa prakAra hai - dasaNa pAhuDa - 36, sutta pAhuDa - 27, cAritta pAhuDa - 44, zIla pAhuDa - 40, bodha pAhuDa - 62, bhAva pAhuDa- 163, liMga pAhuDa - 22, aura mokkha pAhaDa meM 16 gAthAe~ hai| kucha vidvAna ina granthoM ko alaga-alaga karake inheM ATha svatantra granthoM meM vibhAjita karate hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne mAtra chaha pAhuDoM ko alaga se prakAzita bhI kiyA hai| (13) bArassANuvekkhA (dvAdazANuprekSA) - aNuprekSAe~ 12 mAnI gaI hai, inheM bhAvanAe~ bhI kahA jAtA hai| aNuprekSAoM yA bhAvanAoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara jaina paramparA meM aneka mata hai - kucha AcArya maitrI, pramoda, karUNA aura mAdhyastha - aisI cAra bhAvanAe~ mAnate hai| kintu prastuta grantha meM nimna 12 bhAvanAe~ mAnI gaI hai - 1. anitya bhAvanA, 2. azaraNa bhAvanA, 3. ekatva bhAvanA, 4. anyatva bhAvanA, 5. saMsAra bhAvanA, 6. loka bhAvanA, 7. azuci bhAvanA, 8. Asrava bhAvanA, 6. saMvara bhAvanA, 10. nirjarA bhAvanA, 11. dharma bhAvanA aura 12. bodhi durlabha bhaavnaa| prakArAntara se zve. AgamoM meM pAMca mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| phira bhI jaina paramparA meM bhAvanAoM ko lekara jo bhI grantha likhe gaye hai unameM uparokta bAraha bhAvanAoM kI hI carcA huI hai AcArya kundakunda ne

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76 unhIM kA anusaraNa kara bAraha bhAvanAoM kI carcA kI hai| isa sambandha meM eka anya grantha svAmI kArtikeya kA bhI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM aneka AcAryoM ne ina bhAvanAoM ko AdhAra banAkara saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza, purAnI hindI Adi meM aneka grantha likhe hai| (14-21) dasa bhaktiyA~ - dasa bhaktiyoM meM jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ke anusAra 8 bhaktiyA~ hI AcArya kundakunda racita hai - 1. thossAmi daNDaka (arhata bhakti), 2. siddha bhakti, 3. AcArya bhakti, 4. paMcagurU bhakti, 5. zruta bhakti, 6. yogI bhakti, 7. cAritra bhakti aura 8. siddha bhakti / zeSa do bhaktiyA~ kisake dvArA racita hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| bhaktiyoM ko svataMtra grantha mAnane meM eka samasyA hai, kyoMki ye stuti rUpa bhaktiyA~ ati saMkSipta hai| isa kAraNa kucha AcArya ina dasa bhaktiyoM ko bhI eka hI grantha mAnate hai| inameM 8 bhaktiyoM kundakunda dvArA racita mAnI gaI hai| inake aririkta 22 rayaNasAra, 23 mUlAcAra Adi anya kucha grantha bhI kundakunda racita mAne jAte hai yadyapi inakA kundakunda racita honA vivAdAspada hai| AcArya kundakunda racita mAne gaye ina granthoM meM zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se kahA~-kahA~ aura kaunasI gAthAe~ samAna hai yahA~ batAnA bhI vivAda ko janma degA, ataH hama isa carcA ko virAma dekara isa viSaya ko yahI samApta kara denA ucita hogaa| yahA~ merA Azaya yaha hai ki hama AcArya zrI ke sAhityika avadAna ke mahatva ko hama samajhe yahI ucita hogaa|

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6- AcArya siddhasena divAkara . (lagabhaga cauthI yA pA~cavI zatI) ___ siddhasena divAkara jaina darzana ke zIrSastha vidvAn rahe haiM / jaina darzana ke kSetra meM anekAntavAda kI tArkika sthApanA karane vAle ve prathama puruSa haiN| jaina darzana ke Adya tArkika hone ke sAtha-sAtha ve bhAratIya darzana ke Adya saMgrAhaka aura samIkSaka bhI haiN| unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM kI tArkika samIkSAbhIprastuta kI hai| aise mahAn dArzanika ke jIvanavRtta aura kRtitva ke saMbaMdha meM terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI meM racita prabaMdhoM ke atirikta anyatra mAtra sAMketika sUcanAe~ hI milatI haiM, yadyapi unake astitva ke saMdarbha meM hameM aneka prAcIna graMthoM meM saMketa upalabdha hote haiN| lagabhaga caturtha zatAbdI se jaina graMthoM meM unake aura unakI kRtiyoM ke saMdarbha hameM upalabdha hone lagate haiM, phira bhI unake jIvanavRtta aura kRtitva ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta jAnakArI kA abhAva hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake jIvanavRtta, sattAkAla, paraMparA tathA kRtiyoM ko lekara aneka vivAda AjabhI pracalita haiN| yadyapi pUrva meM paM. sukhalAlajI, pro. e.ena. upAdhye, paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra Adi vidvAnoM ne unake vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke saMdarbha meM prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu ina vidvAnoM kI paraspara virodhI sthApanAoM ke kAraNa vivAda adhika gaharAtA hI gyaa| maiMne apane graMtha jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' meM unakI paraMparA aura sampradAya ke saMbaMdha meM paryApta rUpa se vicAra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu unake samagra vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke saMbaMdha meM Aja taka kI navInakhojoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo kucha naye tathya sAmane Aye haiM, unheM dRSTi meM rakhakara maiMne DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya ko siddhasena divAkara ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke saMdarbha meM eka pustaka taiyAra karane ko kahA thaa| Aja jabaki yaha kRti prakAzita ho cukI hai, isake saMbaMdha meM yaha vizvAsapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne siddhasena divAkara ke saMdarbha meM aba taka jo kucha likhA gayA thA, usakA Alor3ana aura vilor3ana karake hI isa kRti kA praNayana kiyA hai| unakI yaha kRti mAtra upalabdha sUcanAoM kA saMgraha hI nahIM hai, apitu unake tArkika ciMtana kA pariNAma hai| yadyapi aneka sthaloM para maiM unake niSkarSoM se sahamata nahIM hU~, phira bhI unhoMne jisa tArkikatA ke sAtha apane pakSako prastuta kiyA hai yaha nizcaya hI zlAghanIya hai| vastutaH, siddhasena ke saMdarbha meM pramukha rUpa se tIna aisI bAteM rahI hai, jina para

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vidvAnoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai - 78 1. unakA sattAkAla 2. unakI paraMparA aura 3. nyAyAvatAra evaM kucha dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzikAoM ke kRtitva kA prazna / yadyapi unake sattAkAla ke saMdarbha meM mere mantavya evaM DaoN. pANDeya ke mantavya meM. adhika dUrI nahIM hai, phira bhI jahA~ unhoMne apane niSkarSa meM siddhasena ko 6vIM zatAbdI kA AcArya mAnA haiM, vahA~ maiM isa kAla sImA ko lagabhaga 100vA~ varSa pahale le jAne ke pakSa meM hU~ jisakI carcA maiM yahA~ karanA cAhU~gA / siddhasena kA kAla 1 unake kAla ke saMbaMdha meM paM. sukhalAlajI ne evaM DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya ne vistRta carcA kI hai, ' ataH hama to yahA~ kevala saMkSipta carcA kreNge| prabhAvakacarita meM siddhasena kI guru paraMparA kI vistRta carcA huI hai / usake anusAra siddhasena Arya skandila ke praziSya aura vRddhavAdI ke ziSya the| Arya skandila ko mAthurI vAcanA kA praNetA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha vAcanA aura nirvANa 840 meM huI thii| isa dRSTi se Arya skandila kA samaya vikrama kI caturtha zatAbdI ( 840-470 = 370 ) ke uttarArddha ke lagabhaga AtA hai / kabhI-kabhI praziSya apane praguru ke samakAlika bhI hotA hai, isa dRSTi se siddhasena divAkara kA kAla bhI vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdI kA uttarArddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| prabaMdhoM meM siddhasena ko vikramAditya kA samakAlIna mAnA gayA hai / yadi candragupta dvitIya ko vikramAditya mAna liyA jAya, to siddhasena caturtha zatI ke siddha hote haiM / yaha mAnA jAtA hai, unakI sabhA meM kAlidAsa, kSapaNaka Adi nau ratna the / yadi kSapaNaka siddhasena hI the, to isa dRSTi se bhI siddhasena kA kAla vikrama kI caturtha zatAbdI kA uttarArddha mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki candragupta dvitIya kA kAla bhI vikrama kI caturtha zatAbdI kA uttarArddha siddha hotA hai / punaH, mallavAdI ne siddhasena divAkara ke sanmatitarka para TIkA likhI thI, aisA nirdeza AcArya haribhadra ne kiyA hai| prabaMdhoM meM mallavAdI kA kAla vIra nirvANa saMvat 884 (884-470 = 414) ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM sanmatisUtra para TIkA likhI jA cukI thI / ataH, siddhasena vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdI

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ke uttarArddha meM hue hoNge| punaH, vikrama kI chaThavIM zatAbdI meM pUjyapAda devanandI ne jainendra vyAkaraNa meM siddhasena ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| pUjyapAda devanandI kA kAla vikrama kI pA~cavIM-chaThavIM zatI mAnA gayA hai| isase bhI ve vikrama saMvat chaThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva hue haiM, yaha to sunizcita ho jAtA hai| mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM do abhilekha aise haiM, jinameM Arya vRddhahasti kA ullekha hai| saMyoga se ina donoM abhilekhoM meM kAla bhI diyA huA hai| ye abhilekha huviSka ke kAla ke haiN| inameM se prathama meM varSa 60 kA aura dvitIya meM varSa 79 kA ullekha hai| yadi hama ise zaka saMvat mAneM, to tadnusAra dUsare abhilekha kA kAla lagabhaga vikrama saMvat 215 hogaa| yadi ye lekha unakI yuvAvasthA ke hoM, to AcArya vRddhahasti kA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha taka mAnAjAsakatA hai| isa dRSTi se siddhasena kA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke bIca mAnA jAsakatA hai| isa samagra carcA se itanA nizcita hotA hai ki siddhasena divAkara ke kAla kI sImA- rekhA vikrama saMvat kI tRtIya zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se lekara vikrama saMvat kI paMcama zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke bIca hI kahIM nizcita hogii| paM. sukhalAlajI, paM. becaradAsajI ne unakA kAla caturtha-paMcamazatAbdI nizcita kiyA hai| pro. DhAkI ne bhI unheM pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM mAnA hai, kintu isa mAnyatA ko uparyukta abhilekhoM ke Aloka meM tathA candragupta dvitIya se samakAlikatA kI dRSTi se thor3A pIche lAyA jA sakatA hai| yadi Arya vRddhahasti hI vRddhavAdI haiM aura siddhasena unake ziSya haiM, to siddhasena kA kAla vikrama kI tRtIya zatI ke uttarArddha se caturtha zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke bIca hI mAnanA hogaa| kucha prabandhoM meM unheM Arya dharma kA ziSya bhI kahA gayA hai| Arya dharma kA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM hai| ye Arya vRddha ke bAda tIsare krama para ullikhita haiN| isI sthavirAvalI meM eka Arya dharma devardhigaNikSamAzramaNa ke pUrva bhI ullekhita haiN| yadi hama siddhasena ke sanmatiprakaraNa aura tattvArthasUtra kI tulanA kareM to donoM meM kucha samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| vizeSa rUpa se tattvArthasUtra ke anekAMtadRSTi ko vyAkhyAyita karane ke lie arpita' aura 'anarpita' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| ina zabdoM kA prayoga sanmatitarka (1/42) meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| merI dRSTi meM siddhasena umAsvAti se kiMcit paravartI ho sakate haiN|

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siddhasena divAkara kI paraMparA jahA~ taka unakI paraMparA kA prazna haiM, DaoN. pANDeya ne isakI vistRta carcA nahIM kI hai| saMbhavataH, DaoN. pANDeya ne unakI paraMparA ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa ullekha yaha jAnakara nahIM kiyA ho ki isa saMbaMdha meM vistRta carcA maiMne apane graMtha jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya meM kI hai, ataH maiM yaha Avazyaka samajhatA hU~ ki yaha carcA isa bhUmikA meM kara dI jaae| siddhasena divAkara ke sampradAya ke viSaya meM vibhinna dRSTikoNa parilakSita hote haiN| jinabhadra, haribhadra Adi se prAraMbha karake paM. sukhalAlajI, paM. becaradAsajI Adi sabhI zvetAmbara paraMparA ke vidvAn ekamata se unheM apane sampradAya kA svIkAra karate haiN| isake viparIta SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalATIkAevaM jinasena ke harivaMza tathAraviSeNa ke padmapurANa meM siddhasena kA ullekha hone se paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra jaise digambara paraMparA ke kucha vidvAn unheM apanI paraMparA kA AcArya siddha karane kA prayAsa karate haiM, kintu digambara paraMparA meM unakI kucha bhinnatAoM ko dekhakara pro. e.ena. upAdhye Adi kucha digambara vidvAnoM ne unheM yApanIya paramparA kA AcArya siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| pro. upAdhye ne jo tarka diye, unheM spaSTa karate hue tathA apanI ora se kucha anya tarkoM ko prastuta karate hue DaoN. kusuma paToriyA ne bhI unheM yApanIya paraMparA kA siddha kiyA hai| prastuta saMdarbha meM hama ina vidvAnoM ke mantavyoM kI samIkSA karate hue yaha nizcaya karane kA prayatna kareMge ki vastutaH siddhasena kI paraMparA kyA thI? kyA siddhasena digambara haiM? samantabhadra kI kRti ke rUpa meM mAnya ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM prApta nyAyAvatAra kI jisa samAna kArikA ko lekara vivAda hai ki yaha siddhasena ne samantabhadra se lI hai, isa saMbaMdha meM prathama to yaha nizcita nahIM hai ki ratnakaraNDasamantabhadra kI kRti hai, dUsare, yaha ki yaha kArikA donoM graMthoM meM apane yogya sthAna para hai, ataH ise siddhasena se samantabhadra ne liyA hai yA samantabhadra se siddhasena ne liyA hai- yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| tIsare, yadi samantabhadra bhI lagabhaga 5vIM zatI ke AcArya haiM aura nyAyAvatAra ko siddhasena kI kRti mAnane meM bAdhA nahIM hai, to yahabhI saMbhava hai, samantabhadra ne ise siddhasena se liyA ho| samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA meM bhI sanmatitarka kI kaI gAthAe~ apane saMskRta rUpa meM milatI hai|

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81 paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena ko digambara paraMparA kA AcArya siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiM, tathApi mukhtArajI unheM digambara paraMparA kA AcArya hone ke saMbaMdha meM koI bhI AdhArabhUta pramANa prastuta nahIM kara pAye haiN| unake tarka mukhyataH do bAtoM para sthita hai - prathamataH siddhasena ke graMthoM se yaha phalita nahIM hotA ki ve strImukti, kevalIbhukti aura savastramukti Adi ke samarthaka the / dUsare, yaha ki siddhasena athavA unake graMtha sanmatisUtra kA ullekha jinasena, hariSeNa, vIraSeNa Adi digambara AcAryoM ne kiyA hai- isa AdhAra para ve unake digambara paraMparA ke hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta karate haiN| yadi AdaraNIya mukhtArajI unake graMthoM meM strImukti, kevalIbhukti yA savastramukti kA samarthana nahIM hone ke niSedhAtmaka tarka ke AdhAra para unheM digambara mAnate haiM, to phira isI prakAra ke niSedhAtmaka tarka ke AdhAra para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki unake graMthoM meM strImukti, kevalIbhukti aura savastra mukti kA khaNDana nahIM hai, ataH vezvetAmbaraparaMparA ke AcArya haiN| punaH, mukhtArajI ye mAna lete haiM ki raviSeNa aura punnATasaMghIya jinasena digambara paraMparA ke haiM, yaha bhI unakI bhrAMti hai| raviSeNa yApanIya paraMparA ke haiM, ataH unake paradAdA guru ke sAtha meM siddhasena divAkara kA ullekha mAneM, to bhI ve yApanIya siddha hoMge, digambara to kisI bhI sthiti meM siddha nahIM hoNge|aadrnniiy mukhtArajI ne eka yaha vicitra tarka diyA hai ki zvetAmbara prabandhoM meM siddhasena ke sanmatisUtra kA ullekha nahIM hai, isalie prabandhoM meM ullikhita siddhasena anya koI siddhasena haiM, ve sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena nahIM haiN| kintu mukhtArajI ye kaise bhUla jAte haiM ki prabaMdha graMthoM meM likhe jAne ke pA~ca sau varSa pUrva haribhadra ke paMcavastu tathA jinabhadra kI nizIthacUrNi meM sanmatisUtra aura usake kartA ke rUpa meM siddhasena ke ullekha upasthita haiM / jaba prabandhoM se prAcIna zvetAmbara graMthoM meM sanmatisUtra ke kartA ke rUpa meM siddhasena kA ullekha hai, to phira yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki prabandhoM meM jo siddhasena kA ullekha hai, vaha sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena kA na hokara kucha dvAtriMzikAoM aura nyAyAvatAra ke kartA kisI anya siddhasena kA hai| punaH, zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne yadyapi siddhasena ke abhedavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura unheM AgamoM kI avamAnanA karane para daNDita kiye jAne kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai, kintu kisI ne bhI unheM apane se bhinna paramparA yA sampradAya kA nahIM batAyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAn unheM matabhinnatA

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82 ke bAvajUda bhI apanI hI paraMparA kA AcArya prAcIna kAla se mAnate A rahe haiN| zvetAmbara graMthoM meM unheM daNDita karane kI jo kathA pracalita hai, vaha bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ve sacela dhArA meM hI dIkSita hue the, kyoMki kisI AcArya ko daNDa dene kA adhikAra apanI hI paraMparA ke vyakti ko hotA hai- anya paraMparA ke vyakti ko nhiiN| ataH siddhasena digambara paraMparA ke AcAryathe, yaha kisIbhI sthiti meM siddha nahIM hotA hai| kevala yApanIya graMthoM aura unakI TIkAoM meM siddhasena kA ullekha hone se itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki siddhasena yApanIya paraMparA meM mAnya rahe haiN| punaH, zvetAmbara dhArA se kucha bAtoM meM apanI mata - bhinnatA rakhane ke kAraNa unako yApanIya yA digambara paraMparA meM Adara milanA asvAbhAvikabhI nahIM hai| jo bhI hamAre virodhI kA Alocaka hotA hai, vaha hamAre lie AdaraNIya hotA hai- yaha eka manovaijJAnika satya hai| kucha zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM kA virodha karane ke kAraNa siddhasena yApanIya aura digambaradonoM paraMparAoM ke AdaraNIya rahe haiM, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve digambara yA yApanIya haiN| yaha to usI lokokti ke AdhAra para huA hai ki 'zatru kA zatru mitra hotA hai| kisI bhI digambara paraMparA ke graMtha meM siddhasena ke jIvanavRtta kA ullekha' hone se tathA zvetAmbara paraMparA dvArA unheM kucha kAla ke lie saMgha se niSkAsita kiye jAne ke vivaraNoM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve digambara yA yApanIya paraMparA ke AcArya nahIM the| matabhedoM ke bAvajUda bhI zvetAmbaroM ne sadaiva hI unheM apanI paraMparA kA AcArya mAnA hai| digambara AcAryoM ne unheM dveSya-sitapaTa' to kahA, kintu apanI paraMparA kA kabhI nahIM maanaa| eka bhI aisA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai, jisameM sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena ko digambara paraMparA kA kahA gayA ho, jabaki zvetAmbara bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha kRtiyoM kI pratilipiyoM meM unheM zvetAmbarAcArya kahA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke sAhitya meM chaThavIM-sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara madhyakAla taka siddhasena ke aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / punaH, siddhasena kI kucha dvAtriMzikAeM spaSTa rUpa se mahAvIra ke vivAha Adi zvetAmbara mAnyatA evaM Agama graMthoM kI svIkRti aura Agamika sandarbho kA ullekha karatI hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara paraMparA ke graMtha yaha bhI ullekha karate haiM ki kucha praznoM ko lekara unakA zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM se matabheda thA, kintu isase yaha to siddha nahIM hotA hai ki ve kisI anya paraMparA ke AcArya the| yadyapi siddhasena zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya ko svIkAra

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83 karate the, kintu ve AgamoM ko yugAnurUpa tarka purassaratA bhI pradAna karanA cAhate the, isalie unhoMne sanmatisUtra meM AgamabhIru AcAryoM para kaTAkSa kiyA tathA AgamoM meM upalabdha asaMgatiyoM kA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai / " paravartI prabaMdhoM meM unakI kRti sanmatisUtra kA ullekha nahIM hone kA spaSTa kAraNa yaha hai ki sanmatisUtra meM zvetAmbara Agama mAnya kramavAda kA khaNDana hai aura madhyayugIna sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM se jur3e hue zvetAmbarAcArya yaha nahIM cAhate the ki unake sanmatisUtra kA saMgha meM vyApaka adhyayana ho, ataH jAnabUjhakara unhoMne usakI upekSA kI / paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne sanmatisUtra ke karttA siddhasena ko digambara siddha karane ke uddezya se yaha mata bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sanmatisUtra ke karttA siddhasena, katipaya dvAtriMzikAoM ke karttA siddhasena aura nyAyAvatAra ke karttA siddhasena - ye tInoM alaga-alaga vyakti haiN|" unakI dRSTi meM sanmatisUtra ke karttA siddhasena divAkara digambara haiM- zeSa donoM zvetAmbara haiM, kintu yaha unakA durAgraha mAtra hai - ve yaha batA pAne meM pUrNataH asamartha rahe haiM ki Akhira ye donoM siddhasena kauna haiM ? siddhasena ke jina graMthoM meM digambara mAnyatA kA poSaNa nahIM hotA ho, unheM anya kisI siddhasena kI kRti kahakara chuTakArA pA lenA ucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| unheM yaha batAnA cAhie ki Akhira ye dvAtriMzikAeM kaunase siddhasena kI kRti haiM aura kyoM inheM anya siddhasena kI kRti mAnA jAnA cAhie ? mAtra zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hone se unheM siddhasena kI kRti hone se nakAra denA to yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / yaha to tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba anya suspaSTa AdhAroM para yaha siddha ho cukA ho ki sanmatisUtra ke karttA siddhasena digambara haiM / isake viparIta, pratibhA samAnatA ke AdhAra para paM. sukhalAlajI ina dvAtriMzikAoM ko sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena kI hI kRtiyA~ mAnate haiM / " zvetAmbara paraMparA meM siddhasena divAkara, siddhasenagaNi aura siddharSi kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu inameM siddhasena divAkara ko hI 'sanmatisUtra', stutiyoM (dvAtriMzikAoM ) aura nyAyAvatAra kA karttA mAnA gayA hai| siddhasenagaNi tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kI vRtti ke kartA haiM aura siddharSi - siddhasena ke graMtha nyAyAvatAra ke TIkAkAra haiN| siddhasenagaNi aura siddharSi ko kahI bhI dvAtriMzikAoM aura nyAyAvatAra kA karttA nahIM kahA gayA hai / punaH, Aja taka eka bhI aisA pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai ki kisI bhI yApanIya yA digambara AcArya ke dvArA mahArASTrI prAkRta meM koI graMtha likhA gayA ho / yApanIya aura

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84 digambara AcAryoM ne jo kucha bhI prAkRta meM likhA hai, vaha saba zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI likhA hai, jabaki sanmatisUtra spaSTataH mahArASTI prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai| sanmatisUtra kA mahArASTI prAkRta meM likhA jAnA hI isa bAta kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai ki siddhasena yApanIya yA digambara nahIM haiN| ve yA to zvetAmbara haiM, yA phira uttara bhArata kI usa nirgrantha dhArA ke sadasya haiM, jisase zvetAmbara aura yApanIya-donoM vikasita hue haiM, kintu ve digambara to kisIbhI sthiti meM nahIM haiN| siddhasena kA sanmatisUtra eka dArzanika graMtha hai aura usa kAla taka strI-mukti aura kevalI -bhukti jaise prazna utpanna hI nahIM hue the| ataH sanmatisUtra meM na to inakA samarthana hai aura na khaNDana hii| isa kAla meM uttara bhArata meM AcAra aura vicAra ke kSetra meM jaina saMgha meM vibhinna mAnyatAe~ janma le cukI thIM, kintu abhI sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa zvetAmbara, digambara, yApanIya Adi rUpoM meM nahIM ho pAyA thaa| vaha yuga thA, jaba jaina paraMparA meM tArkika cintana prAraMbha ho cukA thA aura dhArmika evaM Agamika mAnyatAoM ko lekara matabheda panapa rahe the| siddhasena kA Agamika mAnyatAoM ko tArkikatA pradAna karane kA prayatna bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| phira bhI, usa yuga meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya aise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A pAye the| zvetAmbara evaM yApanIyasampradAya ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTa nAma nirdeza ke sAtha josarvaprathama ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, ve lagabhagaI. san 475, tadanusAra vikrama saM. 532 ke lagabhaga arthAt vikrama kI chaThavIM zatAbdI pUrvArddha ke haiM / ataH, siddhasena ko kisI sampradAya vizeSa se nahIM jor3A jA sakatA, kyoMki usa yuga taka na to sampradAyoM kA nAmakaraNa huA thA aura na hI ve astitva meM Aye the| mAtra gaNa, kula, zAkhA Adi kA hI pracalana thA aura yaha spaSTa hai ki siddhasena vidyAdharazAkhA (kula) ke the| kyA siddhasena yApanIya haiM? pro.e.ena. upAdhye ne siddhasena ke yApanIya hone ke saMdarbha meM jo tarka diye haiM," yahA~ unakI samIkSA kara lenAbhIaprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| (1) unakA sarvaprathama tarka yaha hai ki siddhasena divAkara ke lie AcArya haribhadra ne zratukevalI vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai aura zrutakevalI yApanIya AcAryoM kA vizeSaNa rahA hai, ataH siddhasena yApanIya haiM / isa saMdarbha meM hamArA kahanA yaha hai ki zrutakevalI vizeSaNa na kevala yApanIya paraMparA ke AcAryoM kA, apitu zvetAmbara

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85 paraMparA ke prAcIna AcAryoM kA bhI vizeSaNa rahA hai| yadizrutakevalI vizeSaNa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM hI paraMparAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, to phira yaha nirNaya kara lenA ki siddhasena yApanIya haiM, ucita nahIM hogaa| (2) AdaraNIya upAdhyAyajI kA dUsarA tarka yaha hai ki sanmatisUtra kA zvetAmbara AgamoM se kucha bAtoM meM virodha hai| upAdhyejI ke isa kathana meM itanI satyatA avazya hai ki sanmatisUtra kI abhedavAdI mAnyatA kA zvetAmbara AgamoM meM virodha hai| merI dRSTi se yaha eka aisA kAraNa hai ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne apane prabandhoM meM unake sanmatitarka kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, lekina mAtra isase vena toAgama virodhI siddha hote haiM aura na yApanIya hii| sarvaprathama to zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne unheM apanI paraMparA kA mAnate hue hI unake isa virodha kA nirdeza kiyA hai, kabhI unheM bhinna paraMparA kA nahIM kahA hai| dUsare, yadi hama sanmatisUtra ko dekheM, to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve AgamoM ke AdhAra para hI apane mata kI puSTi karate the| unhoMne Agama mAnyatA ke antarvirodha ko spaSTa karate hue siddha kiyA hai ki abhedavAdabhI Agamika dhAraNA ke anukUla hai| ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki Agama ke anusAra kevalajJAna sAdi aura anaMta hai, to phira kramavAda saMbhava nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki kevala jJAnopayoga samApta hone para kevala darzanopayoga ho sakatA hai| ve likhate haiM ki sUtra kI AzAtanA se Darane vAle ko isa Agama vacana para bhI vicAra karanA caahie| vastutaH, abhedavAda ke mAdhyama se ve, unheM Agama meM jo antarvirodha parilakSita ho rahA thA, usakA hI samAdhAna kara rahe the| ve AgamoM kI tArkika asaMgatiyoM ko dUra karanA cAhate the aura unakA yaha abhedavAda bhI usI Agamika mAnyatA kI tArkika niSpatti hai, jisake anusAra kevalajJAna sAdi, kintu anaMta hai| ve yahI siddha karate hai ki kramavAdabhIAgamika mAnyatA ke virodha meM hai| ___ (3) pro. upAdhye kA yaha kathana satya hai ki siddhasena divAkara kA kevalI ke jJAna aura darzana ke abhedavAda kA siddhAMta digambara paraMparA ke yugapadvAda ke adhika samIpa hai| hameM yaha mAnane meM bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai ki siddhasena ke abhedavAda kA janma kramavAda aura yugapadvAda ke antarvirodha ko dUra karane hetu hI huA hai, kintu yadi siddhasena divAkara digambara yA yApanIya hote to unheM sIdhe rUpa meM yugapadvAda ke siddhAMta ko mAnya kara lenA thA, abhedavAda ke sthApanA kI kyA AvazyakatA thI ? vastutaH, abhedavAda ke mAdhyama se ve eka ora kevalajJAna ke sAdi-ananta hone kI Agamika

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86 vacana kI tArkika siddhi karanA cAhate the, vahIM dUsarI ora, kramavAda aura yugapadvAda kI virodhI avadhAraNAoM kA samanvaya bhI karanA cAhate the| unakA kramavAda aura yugapadvAda ke bIca samanvaya kA yaha prayatna spaSTa rUpa se yaha sUcita karatA hai ki ve digambara yA yApanIya nahIM the| yahA~ yaha prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi siddhasena ne kramavAda kI zvetAmbara aura yugapadvAda kI digambara mAnyatAoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai, to unakA kAla sampradAyoM ke astitva ke bAda honA caahie| isa saMbaMdha meM hama yaha spaSTa kara denA cAhate haiM ki ina vibhinna mAnyatAoM kA vikAsa pahale huA hai aura bAda meM sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa kI prakriyA meM kisI sampradAya vizeSa ne kisI mAnyatA vizeSa ko apanAyA hai| pahale mAnyatAe~ astitva meM AIM aura bAda meM sampradAya bneN| yugapadvAda bhI mUla meM digambara mAnyatA nahIM hai, yaha bAta alaga hai ki bAda meM digambara paraMparA ne use mAnya rakhA hai| yugapadvAda kA sarvaprathama nirdeza zvetAmbara kahe jAne vAle umAsvAti ke tattvArthAdhigamabhASya meM hai|" siddhasena ke samakSa kramavAda aura yugapadavAda- donoM upasthita the| cUMki zvetAmbaroM ne Agama mAnya kie the, isalie unhoMne Agamika kramavAda ko mAnya kiyaa| digambaroM ko Agama mAnya nahIM the, ataH unhoMne tArkika yugapadvAda ko prazraya diyaa| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki kramavAda evaM yugapadvAda kI ye mAnyatAe~ sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa ke pUrva kI haiN| isa prakAra yugapadvAda aura abhedavAda kI nikaTatA ke AdhAra para siddhasena ko kisI sampradAya vizeSa kA siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, anyathA phira to tattvArtha bhASyakAra ko bhI digambara mAnanA hogA, kintu koI bhI tattvArthabhASya kI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para use digambara mAnane ko sahamata nahIM hogaa| (4) punaH, AdaraNIya upAdhyejI kA yaha kahanA ki eka dvAtriMzikA meM mahAvIra ke vivAhita hone kA saMketa cAhe siddhasena divAkara ko digambara ghoSita nahIM karatA ho, kintu unheM yApanIya mAnane meM isase bAdhA nahIM AtI hai, kyoMki yApanIyoM ko bhI kalpasUtra to mAnya thA hI, kintu kalpasUtra ko mAnya karane ke kAraNa ve zvetAmbara bhI to mAne jA sakate haiN| ataH, yaha tarka unake yApanIya hone kA sabala tarka nahIM hai| kalpasUtra zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ke pUrva kA graMtha haiM aura donoM ko mAnya hai, ataH kalpasUtra ko mAnya karane se ve donoM ke pUrvaja bhI siddha hote haiN| AcArya siddhasena ke kula aura vaMza saMbaMdhI vivaraNa bhI unakI paraMparA nirdhAraNa

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87 meM sahayogI siddha ho sakate haiN| prabhAvakacaritra aura prabaMdhakoza meM unheM vidyAdhara gaccha kA batAyA gayA hai, ataH hameM sarvaprathama isI saMbaMdha meM vicAra karanA hogaa| digambara paraMparA ne sena nAmAnta ke kAraNa unako senasaMgha kA mAna liyA hai, yadyapi yApanIya aura digambara graMthoM meM jahA~ unakA ullekha huA hai, vahA~ unake gaNa yA saMgha kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra Arya susthita ke pA~ca pramukha ziSyoM meM sthavira vidyAdharagopAla eka pramukha ziSya the| unhIM se vidyAdhara zAkhA niklii| yaha vidyAdhara zAkhA koTika gaNa kI eka zAkhA thii| hamArI dRSTi meM AcArya siddhasena isI vidyAdharazAkhA meM hue haiN| paravartI kAla meM gaccha nAma pracalita hone ke kAraNa hI prabandhoM meM ise vidyAdhara gaccha kahA gayA hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM siddhasena ke guru Arya vRddha kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isa AdhAra para yadi hama vicAra kareM, to Arya vRddha kA kAla devardhigaNi se cAra pIr3hI pUrva hone ke kAraNa unase lagabhaga 120 varSa pUrva rahA hogA, arthAt ve vIra nirvANa samvat 860 meM hue hoNge| isa AdhAra para unakI Arya skaMdila se nikaTatA bhI siddha ho jAtI hai, kyoMki mAthurI vAcanA kA kAla vIra nirvANa saM. 840 mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, unakA kAla vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdI nirdhArita hotA hai| merI dRSTi meM AcArya siddhasena inhIM Arya vRddha ke ziSya rahe hoNge| abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para Arya vRddha koTika gaNa kI vrajI zAkhA ke the| vidyAdhara zAkhA bhI isI koTika gaNa kI eka zAkhA thii| gaNa kI dRSTi se to Arya vRddha aura siddhasena eka hI gaNa ke siddha hote haiM, kintuzAkhA kAaMtara avazya vicAraNIya hai| saMbhavataH, Arya vRddha siddhasena ke vidyAguru hoM, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki AcArya siddhasena kA saMbaMdha usI koTikagaNa se hai, jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM hI paraMparAoM ke pUrvaja haiM / jJAtavya hai ki umAsvAti bhI isI koTika gaNa kI uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue the| . hama cAhe unake gaNa (vaMza) kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM yA kAla kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, siddhasena digambara, zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya paraMparAoM ke astitva meM Ane ke pUrva hI ho cuke the| ve uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA meM hue haiM, jo Age calakara zvetAmbara aura yApanIya ke rUpa meM vibhAjita huI / yApanIya paraMparA ke graMthoM meM siddhasena kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha unheM apanI pUrvaja dhArA ke eka vidvAn AcArya hone ke kAraNa hI hai / vastutaH, siddhasena ko zvetAmbara yA yApanIya siddha karane ke prayatna isalie nirarthaka haiM ki pUrvaja dhArA meM hone ke kAraNa kvacit matabhedoM ke hote hue bhI ve donoM ke lie

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samAna rUpa se grAhya rahe haiN| zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM ko yaha adhikAra hai ki ve unheM apanI paraMparA ko batAe~, kintu unheM sAmpradAyika artha meM zvetAmbara yA yApanIya nahIM kahA jAsakatA hai| ve donoM ke hI pUrvaja haiN| (7) pro. e.ena. upAdhye ne unheM karnATakIya brAhmaNa batAkara karnATaka meM yApanIya paraMparA kA prabhAva hone se unako yApanIya paraMparA se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu uttara-pazcima karnATaka meM upalabdha pA~cavIM, chaThavIM zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki uttara bhArata ke zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha kA bhI usa kSetra meM utanA hI mAna thA, jitanA nigraMtha saMgha aura yApanIyoM kA thaa| uttara bhArata ke ye AcArya bhI uttara karnATaka taka kI yAtrAe~ karate the| siddhasena yadi dakSiNa bhAratIya brAhmaNabhI rahe hoM, to isase yaha phalita nahIM hotA ki ve yApanIya the| uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA, jisameM zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kA vikAsa huA hai, kA bhI bihAra dakSiNa meM pratiSThAnapura arthAt uttara pazcimI karnATaka taka nirbAdha rUpa se hotA rahA hai| ataH, siddhasena kA karnATakIya brAhmaNa honA unake yApanIya hone kA prabala pramANanahIM mAnA jAtA hai| ___merI dRSTi meM itanA mAnanA hI paryApta hai ki siddhasena koTikagaNa kI usa vidyAdhara zAkhA meM huethe, jo ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja hai| (8) punaH, kundakunda ke graMthoM aura vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra kI jo sanmatisUtra se nikaTatA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha nahIM hai ki siddhasena dakSiNa bhArata ke vaTTakera yA kundakunda se prabhAvita haiN| apitu sthiti isake ThIka viparIta hai / vaTTakera aura kundakunda- donoM hI ne prAcIna Agamika dhArA aura siddhasena kA anukaraNa kiyaa| kundakunda ke graMthoM meM basa-sthAvara kA vargIkaraNa, caturvidhamokSamArga kI kalpanAAdi para Agamika dhArA kA prabhAva spaSTa hai, cAhe yaha yApaniyoM ke mAdhyama se hI una taka pahu~cA ho / mUlAcAra kA to nirmANa hI Agamika dhArA ke niyukti aura prakIrNaka sAhitya ke AdhAra para huA hai| usa para siddhasena kA prabhAva honA bhI asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| AcArya jaTila ke varAMgacarita se bhI sanmati kI aneka gAthAe~ apane saMskRta rUpAntara meM prastuta haiN| yaha saba isI bAta kA pramANa hai ki ye sabhI apane pUrvavartI AcArya siddhasena se prabhAvita haiN| pro. upAdhye kA yaha mAnanA ki mahAvIra kA sanmati nAma karnATaka meM ati prasiddha hai aura siddhasena ne isI AdhAra para apane graMtha kA nAma sanmati diyA hogA, ataH

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89 siddhasena yApanIya hai, mujhe samucita nahIM lagatA hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhI mahAvIra ke sanmati vizeSaNa kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise sanmati se yukta hone se ve zramaNa kahe gae haiN| isa prakAra, pro. e.ena. upAdhye ne siddhasena ke yApanIya hone ke jo-jo pramANa diye haiM, vesabala pratIta nahIM hote haiN| suzrI kusuma paToriyA ne jugalakizora mukhtAra evaM pro. upAdhye ke tarkoM ke sAthasAtha siddhasena ko yApanIya siddha karane ke lie apane bhI kucha tarka prastuta kiye haiM / ve likhatI haiM ki sanmatisUtra kA zvetAmbara graMthoM meM bhI AdarapUrvaka ullekha hai| jItakalpacUrNi meM sanmatisUtra ko siddhivinizcaya ke samAna prabhAvakagraMtha kahA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM siddhivinizcaya ko zivasvAmI kI kRti kahA gayA hai| zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM bhI zivArya ke siddhivinizcaya kA ullekha hai| yadi eka kSaNa ke lie mAna bhI liyA jAye ki ye zivasvAmI bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya hI haiM, to bhI isase itanAhI phalita hogA ki kucha yApanIya kRtiyA~ zvetAmbaroM ko mAnyathIM, kintu isase siddhasena kAyApanIyatva siddha nahIM hotA hai| , punaH, sanmatisUtra meM arddhamAgadhIAgama ke uddharaNabhI yahI siddha karate haiM ki ve usa Agamika paraMparA ke anusaraNakartA haiM, jisake uttarAdhikArI zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya- donoM haiN| yaha bAta hama pUrva meM hI pratipAdita kara cuke haiM ki AgamoM ke antarvirodha ko dUra karane ke lie hI unhoMne apane abhedavAda kI sthApanA kI thii| suzrI kusuma paToriyA ne vistAra se sanmatisUtra meM unake Agamika anusaraNa kI carcA kI hai / yahA~ hama usa vistAra meM na jAkara kevala itanA hI kahanA paryApta samajhate haiM ki siddhasena usa Agamika dhArA meM hI hue haiM, jisakA anusaraNa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM ne kiyA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki donoM hI unheM apanI-apanI paraMparA kA kahate haiN| __ Age ve punaH yaha spaSTa karatI haiM ki guNa aura paryAya ke saMdarbha meM bhI unhoMne AgamoM kA spaSTa anusaraNa kiyA hai aura pramANarUpa meM Agama-vacana uddhRta kiye haiN| yaha bhI unheM Agamika dhArA kA hI siddha karatA hai| zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM dhArAe~ arddhamAgadhI Agama ko pramANa mAnatI haiN| siddhasena ke sammukha joAgama the, ve devarddhi vAcanA ke na hokara mAthurI vAcanA ke rahe hoMge, kyoMki devarddhi nizcita hI siddhasena se paravartI haiN| suzrI paToriyA ne madanUra jilA nellaura ke eka abhilekha" kA ullekha karate

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90 hue yaha batAyA hai ki koTamuDuvagaNa meM mukhya puSyAhanandi gaccha ke gaNadhara ke sadRza jinanandI munIzvara hue haiN| unake ziSya pRthvI para vikhyAta kevalajJAna nidhi ke dhAraka svayaM jinendra ke sadRza divAkara nAma ke muni hue| yaha satya hai ki yaha koTimuDuvagaNa yApanIya hai, kintu isa abhilekha meM ullekhita divAkara siddhasena divAkara hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai, kyoMki isameM ina divAkara ke ziSya zrI maMdira devamuni kA ullekha hai, jinake dvArA adhiSThita kaMTakAbharaNa nAmaka jinAlaya ko yaha dAna diyA gayA thaa| yadi divAkara maMdiradeva ke guru haiM, to ve siddhasena divAkara na hokara anya koI divAkara haiM, kyoMki isa abhilekha ke anusAra maMdiradeva kA kAla IsvI 942 arthAt vi.saM. 999 hai| inake guru inameM 50 varSa pUrva bhI mAne jAeM to ve dasavIM zatAbdI uttarArddha meM hI siddha hoMge, jabaki siddhasena divAkara to kisI bhI sthiti meM pA~cavIM zatI se paravartI nahIM haiN| ataH, vedivAkara siddhasena nahIM ho sakate haiN| donoM ke kAla meM lagabhaga 600 varSakAaMtara hai|ydiismeN ullekhita divAkara ko maMdira deva kAsAkSAt guru namAnakara paraMparAguru mAneM, to isase unakA yApanIya honA siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki paraMparA guru ke rUpa meM to gautama AdigaNadharoM evaM bhadrabAhu AdiprAcIna AcAryoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| aMta meM, siddha yahI hotA hai ki suiddhasena divAkara yApanIyana hokara yApanIyoM ke puurvjthe| siddhasena zvetAmbaroM ke pUrvajaAcArya haiM siddhasena ko pA~cavIM zatI ke pazcAt ke sabhI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne apanI paraMparA kA mAnA hai| anekazaH zvetAmbara graMthoM meM zvetAmbara AcArya ke rUpa meM unakA spaSTa nirdeza bhI hai aura yaha bhI nirdeza hai ki ve kucha praznoM para Agamika dhArAse matabheda rakhate haiM, phira bhI kahIM bhI unheM apanI paraMparA se bhinna nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ataH, sabhI sAdhaka pramANoM kI samIkSA ke AdhAra para yahI phalita hotA hai ki ve usa uttara bhAratIya nirgrantha dhArA ke vidyAdhara kula meM hue haiM, jise zvetAmbara AcArya apanI paraMparA kA mAnate haiM, ataH vezvetAmbaroM ke pUrvaja AcArya haiN| isI prakAra, tIsarA prazna 'nyAyAvatAra' ke kRtitva ke saMdarbha meM hai| isa saMbaMdha meM mere aura DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya ke mantavya meM spaSTataH matabheda hai| asaMga ke graMthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se 'abhrAMta' pada mila jAne ke bAda maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki nyAyAvatAra jaina nyAya kA prathama graMtha hone ke nAte AcArya siddhasena divAkara kI hI racanA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM merA tarka nimna hai

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91 17 nyAyAvatAra, sanmatisUtra ke karttA siddhasena kI kRti hai yA nahIM, yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hai / isa saMdarbha meM zvetAmbara vidvAn bhI mataikya nahIM rakhate haiN| paM. sukhalAlajI,paM. becaradAsajI evaM paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne nyAyAvatAra ko siddhasena kI kRti mAnA hai, kintu ema. e. DhAkI Adi kucha zvetAmbara vidvAn unase matabheda rakhate hue use siddharSi kI kRti mAnate haiN| " DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya ne ! prastuta kRti meM isa prazna kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai tathA pro. DhAkI ke mata kA samarthana karate hue nyAyAvatAra ko siddhasena divAkara kI kRti na mAnate hue ise siddharSi kI kRti mAnA hai, kintu kucha tArkika AdhAroM para merI vyaktigata mAnyatA yaha hai ki nyAyAvatAra bhI siddhasena kI kRti hai / prathama to yaha ki nyAyAvatAra bhI eka dvitriMzikA hai aura siddhasena ne stutiyoM ke rUpa meM dvitriMzikAeM hI likhI haiN| unake paravartI AcArya haribhadra ne aSTaka, SoDazaka evaM viziMkAeM to lirkhI, kintu dvAtriMzikA nahIM likhii| dUsare, nyAyAvatAra meM Agama yuga ke pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama- ina tIna pramANoM kI hI carcA huI hai, darzana yuga meM vikasita jaina paraMparA meM mAnya smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka kI pramANa ke rUpa meM mUla graMtha meM koI carcA nahIM hai, jabaki paravartI sabhI zvetAmbara evaM digambara AcArya evaM nyAyAvatAra ke TIkAkAra siddharSi svayaM bhI ina pramANoM kI carcA karate haiM / yadi siddharSi svayaM hI isake karttA hote to kama se kama eka kArikA banAkara ina tInoM pramANoM kA ullekha to mUlagraMtha meM avazya karate / punaH, siddharSi kI TIkA meM eka bhI aise lakSaNa nahIM milate haiM, jisase vaha svopajJa siddha hotI hai| isa kRti meM kahIM bhI uttama puruSa ke prayoga nahIM milte| yadi yaha unakI svopajJa TIkA hotI, to isase uttama puruSa ke kucha to prayoga milte| pratyakSa kI paribhASA meM prayukta 'abhrAnta' pada tathA samantabhadra ke ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra ke jisa zloka ko lekara yaha zaMkA kI jAtI hai ki nyAyAvatAra siddhasena divAkara kI kRti nahIM hai - anyathA ve dharmakIrtti aura samantabhadra ke paravartI siddha hoNge| prathama to yahI nizcita nahIM hai ki ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra samantabhadra kI kRti hai yA nahIM / usameM jahA~ taka 'abhrAnta' pada kA prazna hai, pro. TUcI ke anusAra yaha dharmakIrti pUrva bhI bauddhanyAya meM pracalita thA / anuzIlana karane para asaMga ke guru maitreya kI kRtiyoM meM evaM svayaM asaMga kI kRti abhidharma samuccaya meM pratyakSa kI paribhASA meM 'abhrAnta' pada kA prayoga huaa| abhidharma samuccaya meM asaMga svayaM likhate haiM -

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92 pratyakSaM sva satprakAzAbhrAnto'rtha jJAtavya hai ki asaGga vasubandhu ke bar3ebhAI the aura inakA kAla lagabhaga tIsarIcauthI zatAbdI hai| ataH, siddhasena divAkara kI kRti nyAyAvatAra meM abhrAnta pada ko dekhakara use na to paravartI mAnA jA sakatA hai aura na yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vaha dharmakIrti se paravartI kisI anya siddhasena kI kRti hai| yadi bauddha nyAya meM abhrAnta pada kA ullekha tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke granthoM meM upalabdha hai, to phira nyAyAvatAra (caturtha-zatI) meM abhrAnta pada kA prayoga asvAbhAvika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| DaoN. pANDeya ne bhI apanI isa kRti meM isa tathya ko svIkAra kara liyA hai, phira bhI ve nyAyAvatArako siddhasena kI kRti mAnane meM saMkoca kara rahe haiM? ___ unakA dUsarA tarka yaha hai ki nyAyAvatAra kI anumAna pramANa kI paribhASA para digambara vidvAn pAtra kesarI kA prabhAva hai| unake anusAra, nyAyAvatAra kI 22vIM kArikA kA pAtra kesarI kI vilakSaNa kadarthana kI kArikA se AMzika sAmya hai, lekina isa AdhAra para yaha mAnanA kI pAtra kesarI (7vIM zatI) kA prabhAva nyAyAvatAra para hai, mujhe tarkasaMgata nahIM jAna par3atA, kyoMki isake viparIta yaha bhI to mAnA jA sakatA hai ki siddhasena divAkara kAhI anusaraNapAtra kesarI ne kiyA hai| tIsare, jaba nyAyAvatAra ke vArtika meM zAntisUri spaSTa rUpa se 'siddhasenArka sUtritam' (nyAyAvatAra vArtika- 1/1) aisA spaSTa ullekha karate haiM, to phira yaha saMdeha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ki nyAyAvatAra ke kartA siddhasena divAkara padavI vAle siddhasena nahIM haiN| yadi nyAyAvatAra siddharSi kI kRti hotI, to vArtikakAra zAntyAcArya, jo unase lagabhaga do sau varSa pazcAt hue haiM, yaha ullekha avazya krte| unake dvArA siddhasena ke lie arka' vizeSaNa kA prayoga yahI siddha karatA hai ki nyAyAvatAra ke kartA anya koI siddhasena na hokara siddhasena divAkara hI haiM, kyoMki arka kA matalaba spaSTa rUpa se divAkara (sUrya) hI hai| unheM nyAyAvatAra kI kArikAoM kI samantabhadra kI kArikAoM meM samarUpatA dikhAI dene parabhInyAyAvatArako siddhasena divAkarakRta mAnane para bAdhA nahIM AtI, kyoMki samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA Adi kRtiyoM meM siddhasena ke sanmatitarka kA spaSTa prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| inameM na kevala bhAvagata samAnatA hai, apitu prAkRta aura saMskRta ke zabda rUpoM ko chor3akara bhASAgata bhI samAnatA hai aura yaha nizcita hai ki siddhasena

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divAkara samantabhadra se pUrvavartI hai| ataH, siddhasena kI kRtiyoM kI samantabhadra kI kRtiyoM meM samarUpatA dikhAI dene ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna kara lenA ucita nahIM hogA ki nyAyAvatAra siddhasena divAkara kI kRti nahIM hai| samantabhadra ne jaba siddhasena ke sanmatitarka se AptamImAMsA meM aneka zlokoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai, to yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki unhoMne ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra (jisakA samantabhadrakRta honA bhI vivAdAspada hai) meM bhI siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra se kucha zloka abhigRhIta kiye hoN| punaH, jaba nyAyAvatAra kA dUsarA va cauthA pUrA kA pUrA zloka yAkanIsUnu haribhadra ke aSTakaprakaraNa aura SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM pAyA jAtA hai, to phira nyAyAvatAra ko haribhadra ke bAda hone vAle siddharthikI vRtti kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? isase yaha spaSTa hai ki nyAyAvatAra kI racanA haribhadra se pUrva ho cukI thI phira ise siddharSi kI kRti kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? ataH DaoN. pANDeya aura pro. DhAkI kA yaha mAnanA ki nyAyAvatAra mUla siddharSi kI kRti hai, kisI bhI dRSTi se tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| apane pakSa ke bacAva meM DaoN. pANDeya kA yaha tarka ki ye zloka siddhasena kI lupta pramANa dvAtriMzikA ke hoM, adhika vajanadAra nahIM lagatA hai| jaba nyAyAvatAra ke ye zloka spaSTa rUpa se haribhadra ke aSTakaprakaraNaaura SaTdarzana samuccaya se mila rahe hoM, to phira drAvir3I prANAyAma ke dvArA yaha kalpanA karanA ki ve kisI lupta pramANadvAtriMzikA ke zloka hoMge, yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| jaba siddhasena ke isa nyAyAvatAra meM abhI 32 zloka haiM, to phira saMbhava yaha bhI hai ki isakA hI apara nAma pramANadvAtriMzikA ho? punaH, jaba haribhadra ke dvArA nyAyAvatAra para vRtti likhe jAne para spaSTa sUcanAeM prApta ho rahI haiM, to phira yaha kalpanA karanA ki ve haribhadra prathama nahokara koI dUsare haribhadra hoMge, mujhe ucita nahIM lgtaa| jaba yakinIsUnu haribhadra nyAyAvatAra kI kArikA apane graMthoM meM uddhRta kararahe haiM, to yaha mAnane meM kyA bAdhA hai ki vRttikArabhIvehI hoM? . nyAyAvatAra kI viSayavastu se yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha jaina pramANazAstra kI Adya racanA hai| usameM akalaMka ke kAla meM vikasita tIna pramANoM, yathA-smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka yA Uha kA upalabdha nahIM honA tathA Agamika tIna pramANoM kI sUcanA prApta honA yahI pramANita karatA hai ki vaha akalaMka (8vIM zatI) se pUrva kA graMtha hai| siddharSi kA kAla akalaMka se paravartI hai aura unhoMne apane nyAyAvatAra kI vRtti meM spaSTataH ina pramANoM kI carcA kI hai, jabaki AThavIM zatI taka ke kisI zvetAmbara AcArya meM

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94 inakI carcA nahIM hai, yahA~ taka ki haribhadra bhI ina pramANoM kI carcA nahIM karate haiMpUrvavartI zvetAmbarAcArya Agamika tIna pramANoM pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda kI carcA karate haiM / ataH, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki nyAyAvatAra, Agamika tIna pramANoM kA hI ullekha karane ke kAraNa siddhasena divAkara kI hI kRti hai / yadi yaha siddharSi kI kRti hotI, to nizcaya hI mUla kArikA meM inakI carcA honI thI / punaH, DaoN. pANDeya kA yaha kathana kI svopajJavRtti meM katipaya viSaya- bindu aise milate haiM ki jinakA ullekha mUla meM nahIM hai, paraMtu bhASya yA vRtti meM hotA hai, kintu maiM DaoN. pANDeya ke isa tarka se sahamata nahIM hU~, kyoMki yadi nyAyAvatAra siddharSi kI vRtti hotI, to ve kama se kama yaha tarka nahIM dete ki isa nyAyAvatAra prakaraNa meM anumAna se Uha ko pRthak karake nahIM dikhAyA gayA, kyoMki yaha prakaraNa saMkSipta ruci ke jIvoM ke anugraha ke lie likhA gyaa| isa prasaMga meM yadi siddharSi ne svayaM hI mUlagraMtha likhA hotA, to avazya yaha likhate ki maiMne yaha prakaraNa saMkSipta ruci vAle logoM ke liye banAyA / siddharSi ne kahIM bhI isa tathya kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai ki mUlagraMtha mere dvArA banAyA gayA hai / ataH, yaha kalpanA karanA nirAdhAra hai ki mUla nyAyAvatAra siddharSi kI kRti hai aura usa para unhoMne svopajJavRtti likhI hai| yaha satya hai ki usa yuga meM svopajJa TIkA yA vRtti likhe jAne kI pravRtti pracalana meM thI, kintu isa siddharSi kI vRtti se kahIM bhI phalita nahIM hotA hai ki vaha svopajJa hai / punaH, svopajJavRtti meM mUla meM varNita viSayoM kA hI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usameM naye viSaya nahIM aate| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM tattvArthasUtra mUla meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kI koI carcA nahIM hai, to usake svopajJabhASya meM bhI kisI bhI sthAna meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kI carcA nahIM kI gaI, kintu anya AcAryoM ke dvArA jaba usa para TIkAeM likhI gaIM, to unhoMne vistAra se guNasthAna siddhAMta kI carcA kii| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki nyAyAvatAra kI mUla kArikAeM siddharSi kI kRti nahIM haiM / yadi mUlakArikAe~ bhI siddharSi kI kRti hotIM, to unameM naigamAdi nayoM evaM smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka Adi pramANoM kI kahIM koI carcA nahIM honI thI / naya vivecana ke saMdarbha meM DaoN. pANDeya kA yaha tarka bhI samIcIna nahIM hai ki "yadi siddharSi siddhasena ke graMtha para vRtti likhe hote, to jo siddhasena ko abhISTa nahIM hai yA to usakA ullekha nahIM karate, yA ullekha karate bhI, to yaha kahakara ki mUlAkAra ise nahIM maantaa"| yahA~ unheM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki TIkAkAroM ke dvArA apanI

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95 navIna mAnyatA ko prastuta karate samaya kahIM bhI yaha likhane kI pravRtti nahIM rahI hai ki ve Avazyaka rUpase jo mUlagranthakAra kA maMtavya nahIM hai, usakA ullekha kreN| siddharSi kI nyAyAvatAra vRtti meM nayoM kI jo carcA hai, vaha kisI mUla kArikA kI vyAkhyA na ho karake eka pariziSTa ke rUpa meM kI gaI carcA hI hai, kyoMki mUla graMtha kI 29vIM kArikA meM mAtra 'naya' zabda AyA hai, usameM kahIM bhI naya kitane hai, yaha ullekha nahIM hai, yaha TIkAkAra kI apanI vyAkhyA hai aura TIkAkAra ke lie yaha bAdhyatA nahIM hotI hai ki vaha una viSayoM kI carcA na kare, jo mUla nahIM haiN| itanA nizcita hai ki yadi siddharSi kI vRtti svopajJa hotI, to ve mUla meM kahIM na kahIM nayoM kI carcA krte| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki mUla graMthakAra aura vRttikAra- donoM alaga-alaga vyakti haiN| TIkA meM navIna-navIna viSayoM kA samAvezayahI siddha karatAhai kinyAyAvatAra kI siddharSi kI vRttisvopajJa nahIM hai| jahA~ taka DaoN. pANDeya ke isa tarka kA prazna hai ki vRttikAra ne mUlagranthakAra kA nirdeza prAraMbha meM kyoM nahIM kiyA, isa saMbaMdha meM merA uttara yaha hai ki jaina paraMparA meM aise aneka udAharaNa haiM, jahA~ vRttikAra mUlagranthakAra se bhinna hote hue bhI mUla graMthakAra kA nirdeza nahIM karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM kahIM bhI yaha nirdezanahIM hai ki vaha umAsvAti ke mUlagraMthaparaTIkA likha rahA hai| ye loga prAyaH kevala graMtha kA nirdeza karake hI saMtoSa kara lete the, graMthakAra kA nAma batAnA Avazyaka nahIM samajhate the, kyoMki vaha janasAmAnya meM jJAta hI hotA thaa| ataH, yaha mAnanA ki 'nyAyAvatAra' siddhasena divAkara kI kRti na hokara siddharSi kI kRti hai aura usapara likhI gaI nyAyAvatAra vRttisvopajJa hai, ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| nyAyAvatAra siddhasena kI kRti hai, isakA sabase mahatvapUrNa pramANa to yaha hai ki mallavAdI ne apane graMtha nayacakra meM spaSTa rUpa se siddhasena ko nyAyAvatAra kA kartA kahA hai / mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki pratilipikAroM ke pramAda ke kAraNa hI kahIM nyAyAvatAra kI jagaha nayAvatAra ho gayA hai| pratilipiyoM meM aisI bhUleM sAmAnyatayA ho hI jAtI haiN| jahA~ taka siddhasena kI una stutiyoM kA prazna hai, jinameM mahAvIra ke vivAha Adi ke saMketa haiM, digambara vidvAnoM kI yaha avadhAraNA ki yaha kisI anya siddhasena kI kRti hai, ucita nahIM hai| kevala apanI paraMparA se samarthita na hone ke kAraNa kisI anya siddhasena kI kRti kaheM, yaha ucita nahIM hai|

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96 uparokta do praznoM para lekhaka DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya se matabheda rakhate hue bhI maiM itanA avazya kaha sakatA hU~ ki unhoMne isa kRti kA praNayana pakSa vyAmoha se Upara uThakara taTastha dRSTi se kiyA hai| yaha kRti siddhasena divAkara ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ko ujAgara karane meM saphala siddha hogI, yaha merA pUrNa vizvAsa hai| unhoMne katipaya binduoM para matavaibhinnya hote hue bhI isa kRti ke lie bhUmikA likhane kA Agraha kiyA, ataH maiM unake prati AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~ tathA yaha apekSA karatA hU~ ki bhaviSya meM bhI ve jaina vidyA ke graMthabhaNDArakoapanI navIna-navIna kRtiyoM se ApUrita karate rheNge| 28 navaMbara, 1997 ___ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina vArANasI saMdarbha 1. dakheM - sanmati prakaraNa, sampAdaka-paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI, jJAnodaya TasTa, ahamadAbAda, prastAvanA, pRSTha 6 se 16. 2a. daMsaNagAhI- daMsaNaNANappabhAvagaNi satthANi siddhiviNicchaya - saMmatimAdi geNhaMtoasaMtharamANe jaMakappiyaMpaDisevati jayaNAte tatthaso suddho apraayshcittiibhvtiityrthH| - nizIthacUrNi, bhAga 1, pRSTha 162. dasaNappabhAvagANasatthANasammadiyAdisutaNANe yajo visArado Nissakiyasuttatho ttivuttaM bhvti| - vahI, bhAga 3, pRSTha 202. ba. Ayariya siddhaseNeNasammaI epitttthiajsennN| dUsamaNisAdivAgara kappattaNao tdkkhennN|| -paMcavastu (harabhidra) 1048. sa. zrIdazAzrutaskandhamUla, niyukti, cUrNisaha, pR. 16 (zrImaNivijayagraMthamAlA naM. 14, saM 2011) (yahA~ siddhasena ko guru se bhinna artha karane vAlA bhAva abhinaya kA doSI batAyA gayA hai)| ... pUrvAcArya viraciteSu sanmati-nayAvatArAdiSu ... / (jJAtavya hai ki nayAvatAra hI kAlakrama meM - nyAyAvatAra hotA hai) - dvAdazAraM nayacakram, (mllvaadi)| bhAvanagarasyA zrI AtmAnanda sabhA, 1988, tRtIya vibhAga, pR. 886. 3a. aNeNa sammadasutteNasaha kathamidaM vakkhANaM Na viruujjhde| (jJAtavya hai ki isake pUrva sanmatisUtra kI gAthA 6 uddhRta hai) - dhavalA, TIkA samanvita, SaTkhaNDAgama- 1/1/1, pustaka 1, pRSTha 16. .

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ba. da. - * harivaMzapurANa (jinasena ) - 1 / 30. sa. siddhaseno'bhaya bhImasenako guru parau tau jinazAMtiSeNakau / - vahI - 66 / 29. sa. pravAdikariyUthAnAM kesarI nayakesaraH / pha. ja. jagatprasiddha bodhasya, vRSabhasyeva nistuSAH / *bodhayaMti satAM buddhiM siddhasenasya sUktayaH // 4. " jJAtavya hai ki harivaMzapurANa ke aMta meM punnATasaMghIya jinasena kI apanI guruparamparA meM ullikhita siddhasena tathA raviSeNa dvArA padmacarita ke aMta meM apanI guru paraMparA meM ullikhita divAkara yati- ye donoM siddhasena divAkara se bhinna haiM / yadyapi harivaMza ke prAraMbha meM tathA AdipurANa ke prAraMbha meM pUrvAcAryoM kA smaraNa karate hue jina siddhasena kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ve siddhasena divAkara hI haiM / I i. dekheM - jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, jugalakizora 5 97 siddhasena kavirjIyAdvikalpanakharAGkuraH // - AdipurANa ( jinasena ) - 1 /42. asIdindragururdivAkarayatiH ziSyo'sya cArhanmuniH / tasmAllakSmaNasena sanmuniradaH ziSyo ravistu smRtaH // - padmarita (raviSeNa) 123/167. mukhtAra, pRSTha 500-585. dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM sanmatisUtra kI kitanI gAthAe~ kahA~ uddhRta huIM, isakA vivaraNa paM. sukhalAlajI ne sanmatiprakaraNa kI apanI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai / dekheM - sanmatiprakaraNa 'bhUmikA', pRSTha 58. isI prakAra jaTila ke varAMgacarita meM bhI sanmatitarka kI aneka gAthAe~ apane saMskRta rUpAMtara meM pAyI jAtI haiN| isakA vivaraNa maiMne isI graMtha ke isI adhyAya se varAMgacaritra ke prasaGga meM kiyA hai| Siddhasenas Nyayavatara and other works, A.N. Upadhye, Jaina Sahitya Vikas Mandal, Bombay. 'Introduction' pp XIV-XVII yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN. kusuma paToriyA, vIra sevA maMdira TasTa prakAzana, vArANasI - 1988,pR. 143/148.

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6. 7. 98 dekheM- jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, paM. jugala kizora mukhtAra, pRSTha 580-582. dekheM- prabhAvakacaritta, prabhAcandra, siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, pR. 54-61. prabaMdhakoza (caturviMzatiprabaMdha), rAjazekharasUri, siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha, pR. 15-21. prabaMdha cintAmaNi, merutuMga, siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha, pR. 7-9. 8. 9. prabhAvakacarita - vRddhavAdisUricaritam, pR. 107-120. 'anekajanmAntarabhagnamAnaH ssaro yazodApriya yatpuraste' - paMcama dvAtriMzikA 36. 10. dekheM - sanmatisUtra 2 /4, 2/7, 3/46. 11. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza - paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, pR. 527-528. 12. sanmatiprakaraNa - saMpAdaka paM. sukhalAlajI evaM becaradAsajI, jJAnodaya TasTa, ahamadAbAda, pR. 36-37. 13. Siddhasena's Nyayavatar and other works.A.N. Upadhye, Introduction-pp. xiii to zviii. 14. suttAsAyaNabhIrUhi taM ca daTThavvayaM hoI / saMtami kevale samma NANassa saMbhavo Natthi // suttammi ceva sAI - apajjavasiyaM ti kevalaM vRttaM / kevalamANammiya daMsaNassa tamhA saNihaNAraM // - sanmatiprakaraNa- 2/7-8. 15. sambhinna jJAnadarzanasya tu bhagavataH kevalino yugapat sarvabhAva grAhake nirapekSe kevalajJAne kevaladarzane cAnusamayamupayogo bhavati / - tatvArthabhASya- 1 / 31. 16. kalpasUtra. 17. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, , lekha kramAMka 143. 18. "The Date and authorship of Nyayavatar, M.A. Dhaky, 'Nirgrantha' Edited by M. A. Dhaky & Jitendra Shah, Sharadaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre, Ahmedabad-4. 19. abhidharmasamuccaya, vizvabhAratI zAMtiniketana 1950, sAMkathya pariccheda, pU.105.

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99 7- zivArya aura unakI bhagavatI ArAdhanA ( IsvI san 7vIM zatI) 'ArAdhanA' yA 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' yApanIya paraMparA kA eka aura mahatvapUrNa graMtha hai / isake racayitA zivArya haiM / graMtha ke aMta meM graMthakAra ne svayaM likhA hai ki "Arya jinanaMdI gaNi, Arya sarvagupta gaNi aura Arya mitranaMdI ke caraNoM ke nikaTa sUtroM aura unake abhiprAya ko acchI taraha se samajha karake pUrvAcAryoM dvArA nibaddha kI huI racanAoM ke AdhAra se pANitala bhojI zivArya ne yaha ArAdhanA apanI zakti ke 2 anusAra rcii|' graMthakarttA ne apane aura apane tInoM guruoM ke lie 'Arya' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai, sAtha hI jiNanandI aura sarvagupta ko gaNi bhI kahA hai| mathurA evaM vidizA ke abhilekhoM evaM kalpa tathA nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI taka muniyoM ke nAmoM ke Age 'Arya' tathA sAdhvI ke lie 'AryA' zabda ke prayoga kA pracalana thA tathA AcArya ko gaNi zabda se abhisUcita kiyA jAtA thA / ' vidizA ke abhilekha meM to Aryakula kA bhI ullekha hai|' yaha Aryakula yApanIya thA- yaha bAta hama pUrva meM batA cuke haiM / vidizA ke eka abhilekha' meM Aryacandra ke lie 'pANitala bhojI' vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai / ArAdhanA meM zivArya ne bhI apane lie 'pANitala bhojI' kA vizeSaNa prayoga kiyA hai / ataH, donoM eka hI paraMparA ke pratIta hote haiN| muni ke nAma ke sAtha 'Arya' vizeSaNa kA prayoga zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paraMparAoM meM lagabhaga chaThavIM-sAtavIM zatI taka pracalita rahA hai, jabaki digambara paraMparA meM isakA prayoga nahIM dekhA jAtA hai / zivArya ke sAtha lage hue 'Arya' aura 'pANitala bhojI' vizeSaNa unheM yApanIya Aryakula se saMbaMdhita siddha karate haiM / unake guruoM ke nandi nAmAntaka nAmoM ke AdhAra para bhI unakA saMbaMdha yApanIya paraMparA ke naMdIsaMgha se mAnA jA sakatA hai / jinasena ne apane AdipurANa meM inheM zivakoTi kahA hai|' yadyapi kucha digambara granthoM meM zivakoTi ko samantabhadra kA ziSya batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, ' kintu yaha mata bhrAmaka hai| paM. nAthUrAmajI premI ne isa mata kA apane graMtha 'ArAdhanA aura unakI TIkA' nAmaka lekha meM vistArapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai|' zAkaTAyana ne zivArya ke guru sarvagupta ko bar3A bhArI vyAkhyAtA batAyA hai| cUMki zAkaTAyana bhI yApanIya hai, ataH

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100 8 mukti yA strI mukti ke samarthaka arthAt yApanIya hone meM saMdeha prakaTa karate haiM / ve likhate haiM ki hameM ve (aparAjitasUri) savastra mukti yA strI mukti ke samarthaka pratIta nahIM hue| ' saMbhavataH, paMDitajI isa aitihAsika tathya para dhyAna nahIM de pAye ki strI mukti aura kevalI mukti ke prazna hI 6 - 7vIM sadI ke pUrva kisI bhI zvetAmbara - digambara graMtha meM carcita nahIM haiN| digaMbara paraMparA meM sarvaprathama kundakunda ne suttapAhuDa ke kundakundakRta hone meM hI saMdeha prakaTa kiyaa| dUsare, ve kundakunda ko chaThavIM zatI pUrva kA nahIM mAnate haiN| yApanIya mAnyatAoM kI carcA karate hue agrima adhyAya meM hamane isa saMbaMdha meM vistRta carcA kI hai| ataH, bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM strI mukti aura kevalI bhukti kA ullekha na dekhakara use eka tIsarI paraMparA kA graMtha kahate hue bhI use yApanIya paraMparA kA nahIM mAnanA, AdaraNIya paMDitajI ke sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA hI sUcaka hai / jaba mUlagraMtha meM yaha carcA hI nahIM thI, to TIkAkAra aparAjita ne bhI use nahIM uThAyA, kintu isase ve strI mukti ke virodhI nahIM kahe jA sakate haiM / yApanIyoM ke atirikta aisA koI bhI jaina - sampradAya nahIM thA, jo acelatA kA samarthaka hote hue bhI AgamoM ko mAnya kara rahA thA / yadi strI mukti aura kevalI bhukti kA spaSTa samarthana yA niSedha hI usa graMtha ke kisI sampradAya vizeSa se saMbaMdhita hone kA AdhAra ho to phira aneka graMtha, jinheM Aja digambara paraMparA apanA graMtha mAna rahI hai, unheM digambara paraMparA kA graMtha nahIM mAnanA hogA / kundakunda ke hI samayasAra, niyamasAra, paMcAstikAya meM strI-mukti aura kevala bhukti kA khaNDana nahIM milatA hai| kyA isake abhAva meM inake digambara AcArya dvArA racita hone meM koI saMdeha kiyA jAnA cAhie ? - zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paraMparA ke prAcIna aneka graMtha aise haiM, jinameM ina donoM avadhAraNAoM ke samarthana yA niSedha ke saMbaMdha meM kucha nahIM kahA gayA hai| mAtra strI-mukti aura kevala bhukti kI samarthaka gAthAoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa use yApanIya mAnane se iMkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| paMDita nAthUrAma premI apane lekha 'yApanIyoM kA sAhitya' meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke karttA zivArya aura TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri yApanIya the / isa saMbaMdha meM hama unake tarkoM ko unake hI zabdoM meM prastuta kara rahe haiM / ve likhate haiM ki aparAjita ke viSaya meM vicAra karate samaya mUla bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI kucha

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101 bAteM aisI milI haiM, jinase usake kartA zivArya bhI yApanIya saMgha ke mAlUma hote haiN| dekhie 1. isa graMtha kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki Arya jinanandi gaNi, Arya sarvagupta gaNiaura Arya mitranandigaNike caraNoM meM acchI taraha sUtra aura unakAarthasamajhakara aura pUrvAcAryoM kI racanA ko upajIvya banAkara 'pANitalabhojI' zivArya ne yaha ArAdhanA rcii| hama logoM ke lie prAyaH ye sabhI nAma aparicita haiN| aparAjita kI paraMparA ke samAna yaha paraMparA bhI digambara sampradAya kI kisI paTTAvalI yA gurvAvalI meM nahIM miltii| isa dhAraNA ke sahI hone kA bhI koI puSTa aura nirdhAnta pramANa abhI taka nahIM milA ki ve zivakoTi aura zivArya eka hI haiM, jo samantabhadra ke ziSya the| jo kucha pramANa isa saMbaMdha meM diye jAte haiM, ve bahuta pIche ke gar3he huemAlUma hote haiN|"aurto aura, svayaM zivArya hI yaha svIkAra nahIM karate ki maiM samantabhadra kA shissyhuuN| ____ 2. aparAjitasUri yadi yApanIyasaMgha ke the, to adhika saMbhava yahI hai ki unhoMne apane hI sampradAya ke graMtha kI TIkA kI hai| 3. ArAdhanA kI gAthAe~ kAphI tAdAda meM zvetAmbara sUtroM meM milatI haiM, isase zivArya ke isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai ki pUrvAcAryoM ke race granthoM ke AdhAra para hI yaha graMtharacita hai| ____ 4. jina tIna guruoM ke caraNoM meM baiThakara unhoMne ArAdhanA nAmaka isa graMtha ko racA hai, unameM se 'sarvagupta gaNi' zAyada vahI haiM, jinake viSaya meM zAkaTAyana kI amodhavRtti meM likhA hai ki "upasarvaguptaM vyaakhyaataarH|"- 1-3-104, arthAt sAre vyAkhyAtA yA TIkAkAra sarvagupta ke pIche haiN| cU~ki zAkaTAyana yApanIya saMgha ke the, isaliye saMbhavayahI hai kisarvagupta yApanIyasaMghakehIsUtroM yAAgamoM kevyaakhyaataahoN| . 5. zivArya ne apane ko pANitalabhojI' arthAt hatheliyoM para bhojana karane vAlA khaa| yaha vizeSaNa unhoMne apane ko zvetAmbara sampradAyase alaga prakaTa karane ke lie diyA hai| yApanIya muni hAthaparabhIbhojana karate the| ve karatalayojI kahe jAte the| 6. ArAdhanA kI 1132vIM gAthA meM 'medassa muNNissa akkhANaM' (metAryamunerAkhyAnam) arthAt metArya muni kI kathA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| paM. sadAsukhajI ne apanI vacanikA meM isa pada kA artha hI nahIM kiyA hai| yahI hAla naI

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102 hindI TIkA ke karttA paM. jinadAsa zAstrI kA hai| saMskRta TIkAkAra paM. AzAdhara ne to isa gAthA kI vizeSa TIkA isalie nahIM kI ki vaha sugama hai, paraMtu amitagati ne isakA saMskRtAnuvAda karanA kyoM chor3a diyA ? ve metArya ke AkhyAna se paricita nahIM the, zAyada isI kAraNa / metAryamuni kI kathA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bahuta prasiddha hai" / ve eka cANDAlinI ke lar3ake the, paraMtu kisI seTha ke ghara pale the / atyaMta dayAzIla the| eka dina ve eka sunAra ke yahA~ bhikSA ke liye gaye / usane apanI dukAna meM usI samaya sone ke jau banAkara rakkhe the| vaha bhikSA lAne ke lie bhItara gayA aura muni vahIM dukAna meM khar3e rahe, jahA~ jau rakkhe the| itane meM eka kauMca (sArasa) pakSI ne AkAra ve jau cuga liye / sunAra ko saMdeha huA ki muni ne hI jau curA liye haiN| muni ne pakSI ko cugate to dekha liyA, parantu isa bhaya se nahIM kahA ki yadi saca bAta mAlUma ho jAyegI, to sunAra sArasa ko mAra DAlegA aura usake peTa meM se apane jau nikAla legA, para isase sunAra ko saMdeha ho gayA ki yaha kAma muni kA hI hai, isane hI jau curAye haiM / taba usane unheM bahuta kaSTa diyA aura aMta meM bhIge camar3e meM kasa diyaa| isase unakA zarIrAnta ho gayA aura unhoMne kevala jJAna prApta kiyA / hariSeNakRta kathAkoza meM metArya muni kI kathA hai, paraMtu usameM zvetAmbara kathA se bahuta bhinnatA hai / gAthA 6 kI vijayodayA TIkA meM likhA hai- "saMskAritAbhyantaratapasA iti vA asambaddhaM / antareNApi bAhyatapo'nuSThAnaM antarmuhUrtamAtre NAdhigataratnatrayANAM bhaddaNarAjaprabhRtInAM purudevasya bhagavataH ziSyANAM nirvANagamanamAgame pratItameva / " yaha bhaddaNarAja Adi kI antarmuhUrta meM nirvANa prApti kI kathA bhI digambara sAhitya meM ajJAta hai / isI taraha, gAthA 17 kI TIkA meM bhI bhaddaNAdayo rAjaputrAstasminneva bhave trasatAmApannAH ataevAnAdimithyAdRSTayaH prathama jinapAdamUle zrutadharmasArAH samAropitaratnatrayAH / 7. dasa sthitikalpoM kI nAmavAlI gAthA, jisakI TIkA para aparAjita ko yApanIya siddha kiyA gayA hai, jItakalpa- bhASya kI 1972 naM. kI gAthA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya kI anya TIkAoM aura niyuktiyoM meM bhI yaha milatI hai aura prabhAcandra ne apane prameyakamalamArttaNDa ke strI-mukti-vicAra ( nayA eDIzana, pR. 131) prakaraNa meM isakA ullekha zvetAmbara siddhAMta ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai -

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103 "nAcAlekyaM neSyate (Apa ISyateva) 'Acelakkuddesiya-sejjAhara rAyapiMDakiyikamme' ityAdeH puruSaprati dazavidhasya sthitikalpasyamadhye tdupdeshaat|" ArAdhanA kI 662 aura 663 naMbara kI gAthAeM bhI digambarasampradAya ke sAtha mela nahIM khAtI haiN| unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki labdhiyukta aura mAyAcArarahita cAra muniglAnirahita hokara kSapaka ke yogya nirdoSa bhojana aura pAnaka (peya) laaeN| isa para paM. sadAsukhajIne Apatti kI hai aura likhA hai ki yahabhojana lAne kI bAta pramANarUpa naahiiN|' isI taraha sejjAgAsaNisejjA" Adi gAthA para (jo mUlAcAra meM bhI 391 naM. para hai) kavivara vRMdAvanadAsajI ko zaMkA huI thI aura usakA samAdhAna karane ke lie dIvAna amaracandajI ko patra likhA thaa| dIvAnajI ne uttara diyA ki isameM vaiyAvRtti karane vAlA muni AhAra Adi se muni kA upakAra kare, paraMtu yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai ki AhAra svayaM hAtha se banAkara de| muni kI aisI caryA AcArAMga meM nahIM btlaaii|' 8. gAthA 1123 naM. kI desAmisiya suttaM' meM tAlapalaMbasutammi' pada meM jisa sUtra kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha kalpasUtra (bRhatkalpa) kA hai, jisakA prAraMbha hai 'tAlapalaMbaM Na kppdi'| ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM, 'tathA coktaM' kahakara kalpa kI dogAthAeM aura dI haiM aura vehI AzAdhara ne kalpe' kahakara uddhRta kI haiN| 9. gAthA 79-83 meM muni ke utsarga aura apavAda mArga kA vidhAna hai, jisake anusAra muni vastra dhAraNa kara sakatA hai- "vasanasahitaliMgadhAriNo hi vastrakhaMDAdikaM zodhanIyaM mht| itarasya picchaadimaatr|" 10. gAthA 79-80-81 meM zivArya ne bhakta pratyAkhyAna ke prasaMga meM kahA hai ki utsargaliMga vAle (vastrahIna) ko to, jo ki bhakta pratyAkhyAna karanA cAhatA hai, utsargaliMga hI cAhie, paraMtu jo apavAdaliMgI (savastra) hai, use bhI utsargaliMga hI prazasta kahA hai, arthAt use bhI nagna ho jAnA cAhie aura jisake liMgasaMbaMdhI tIna doSa durnivAra hoM, use vasati meM saMstarArUr3ha hone para utsargaliMga dhAraNa karanA caahie| bRhatkalpasUtra, Avazyakaniyukti bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAeM eka sI haiN| sAdhu ke mRtaka zarIra ke saMskAra kI gAthAe~ khAsa taura se ullekhanIya haiN| _11. ArAdhanA kA cAlIsagA~va vijahanA' nAma kA adhikAra bhI vilakSaNa aura abhUtapUrva hai, jisameM muni ke mRta zarIra ko rAtribhara jAgaraNa karake rakhane kI aura dUsare

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104 dina kisIacche sthAna meM vaise hI (binA jalAye) chor3a Ane kI vidhi varNita hai|" yaha pArasI logoM jaisI vidhi anya kisI digambara graMtha meM abhI taka dekhane meM nahIM aaii| ___12. nambara 1544 kI gAthA meM kahA hai ki ghora avamodarya yA alpa bhojana ke kaSTa se binA saMkleza buddhi ke bhadrabAhu muni uttama sthAna ko prApta hue", paraMtu digambara sampradAya kI kisI bhI kathA meM bhadrabAhu kA isa Unodara-kaSTa se samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha nahIM hai| 13 nambara 428 kI gAthA" meM AdhAravatva guNa ke dhAraka AcArya ko 'kappavabahAradhArI' vizeSaNa diyA hai aura kalpa-vyavahAra, nizIthasUtra, zvetAmbara sampradAya meM prasiddha graMtha haiN| isI taraha 407 nambara kI gAthA meM niryApaka guru kI khoja ke lie parasaMgha meM jAne vAle muni kI 'AyAra-jIda-kappaguNadIvaNA' hotI hai|" vijayodayA TIkA meM isa pada kA artha kiyA hai, AcArasya jItasaMjJitasya kalpasya guNaprakAzana / ' AzAdhara kI TIkA meM likhA hai, 'AcArasya jIdasya kalpasya ca guNaprakAzanA / etAni hi zAstrANi ratnatrayatAmeva drshynti|' paM. jinadAsa zAstrI ne hindI artha meM likhA hai ki AcArazAstra, jItazAstra aura kalpazAstra inake guNoM kA prakAzana hotA hai| arthAt, tInoM ke mata se ina nAmoM ke zAstra haiM aura yaha kahane kI jarUrata nahIM ki AcArAMgaaura jItakalpa zvetAmbara sampradAya meM haiN| tIsarI gAthA kI vijayodayA TIkA- 'anuyogadvArAdInAM bahUnAmupanyAsamakRtvA diGmAtropanyAsaH' AdimeM anuyogadvArasUtra kA ullekha kiyA hai| ____bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM (gAthA 116, pR. 277) 'paMcavadANi jadINaM' Adi Avazyaka sUtra kI gAthA uddhRta kI hai| 499vIM gAthA kI vijayodayA meM 'aMgabAhyevA bahuvidhavibhatte sAmAyika caturviMzatIstavo, vaMdanA, pratikramaNaM, vainayikaM, kRtikarma, dazavaikAlikaM , uttarAdhyayanaM, kalpavyavyavahAraH kalpaM mahAkalpaM, puNDarIkaM mahApuNDarIka ityAdinAM vicitrabhedena vibhkto|" 1123 vIM gAthA kI TIkA- "tathA coktaM kalpe-harita taNo sahigucchA" aadi| __ina saba bAtoM se siddha hai ki zivArya bhI yApanIya saMgha ke haiM / isa taraha kI aura bhIaneka bAteM mUla graMtha meM haiM jo digambara sampradAya ke sAtha mela nahIM khaatii|

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105 bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke yApanIya paraMparA kA graMtha hone ke saMbaMdha meM digambara paraMparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn paM. nAthUrAmajI premI ke uparyukta AdhAroM ke atirikta eka anya mahatvapUrNa AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki usameM zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya prakIrNakoM se aneka gAthAe~ haiN| paM. kailAzacandrajI ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kIapanI bhUmikA meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| jina prakIrNakoM kI gAthAe~ bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM milatI haiM, unameM AurapaccakkhANa, bhattapariNayasaMthAraga, maraNa samAhI pramukha haiN| yadyapi paMDitajI gAthAoM kI isa samAnatA kotosUcita karate haiM, phirabhIvespaSTarUpase yaha nahIM kahate haiM ki ina graMthoMseyegAthAe~ lI gaI haiN| vastutaH, ina gAthAoM ke AdAna-pradAna ke saMbaMdhameM tIna vikalpa ho sakate haiN| yA toyegAthAe~bhagavatI ArAdhanAse inagraMthoM meM gaI hoM, yA phirabhagavatIArAdhanAkAra ne ina graMthoMse yegAthAe~lI hoM, athavAyegAthAe~donoMkIekahIpUrvaparaMparAsecalIArahI hoM, jinheM donoM ne liyA ho| isameM prathama vikalpahai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanAse inagraMthakAroM ne ye gAthAe~ lI hoM, yaha isaliye bhI asaMbhava nahIM hai ki ye graMtha bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI apekSA prAcIna haiN| nandI, mUlAcAra Adi meM inameM se kucha graMthoM ke ullekha milate haiN| punaH, ina graMthoM meM guNasthAna jaise vikasita siddhAMta kAbhI nirdezanahIM hai| jabaki jagavatI ArAdhanA meM vaha siddhAMta upasthita hai| tIsare, yaha spaSTa hai ki ye graMtha AkAra meM laghu haiM, jabaki ArAdhanAekavizAlakAyagraMtha hai| yaha sunizcita hai ki prAcInastara ke graMtha prAyaH AkAra meM laghu hote haiM, kyoMki unheM maukhika rUpa se yAda rakhanA hotA thA, ataH ve ArAdhanA kI apekSApUrvavartI haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM vijahanA (mRtaka ke zarIra ko jaMgala meM rakha dene) kI jo carcA hai, vaha prakIrNakoM meM to nahIM hai, kintu bhASya aura cUrNi meM hai, ataH prastuta ArAdhanA bhASya cUrNiyoM ke kAla kI racanA rahI hogii| ataH, yaha prazna to uThatA hI nahIM hai ki ye gAthAe~ ArAdhanAse ina prakIrNakoM meM gaI haiN| ___ yadi hama yaha svIkArana bhI kareM kiye gAthAe~ zvetAmbara sAhityase ArAdhanA meM lI gaI haiM, to yaha to mAnanA hI hogA ki donoM kI koI sAmAnya pUrva paraMparAthI, jahA~ se donoM ne ye gAthAe~lI haiM aura sAmAnyapUrvaparaMparAzvetAmbara aura yApanIya (boTika) kI thI, kyoMki donoM Agama, prakIrNaka aura niyukti sAhitya ke samAna rUpa se uttarAdhikArI rahe haiM / ataH, bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM AurapaccakkhANa, bhattapariNNa, saMthAraga, maraNasamAhi evaM niryukta Adi kI anekoM gAthAoM kI upasthiti yahI siddha

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106 karatI hai ki vaha yApanIya paraMparA kA graMtha hai| yaha bAta toaneka digambara vidvAn bhImAna rahe haiM ki mUlAcAra aura ArAdhanA meM anekoM gAthAe~ samAna haiM aura mUlAcAra meM gAthAe~ AurapaccakkhANa, mahApaccakkhANa, niyukti Adi zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya graMthoM se hIuddhRta haiN| saMdarbhaH 1. ajjajiNaNaMdigaNi-savvagutta gnni-ajjmittnnNdiinnN| avagamiya pAdamUle smmNsuttNcatthNc|| puvvAyariyaNibaddhA uvajIvittA imaassttiie| ArAdhaNA sivjjennpaannidlbhoinnaaridaa|| chadumatthadAe ettha dujaMbaddhaM hojja pvynnviruddhN| sodhetu sugIdatthApavayaNa vcchldaaedu|| ArAdhaNAbhagavatI evaM bhattIe vnnnnidaasNtii| saMghassa sivajjassayasamAdhivaramuttamaM deu|| - bhagavatIArAdhanA-2159, 2160, 2161, 2162. dekheM - jainazilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, mANikacandra digambara jaina graMthamAlA samiti, lekha kramAMka- 16, 22,24,26,29,30,31,33,36, 41, 45, 51,54,55,56,59. dekheM - vahI, lekha kramAMka 91. 4. jarnala oNphaoriyanTala isTiTyUTa bar3audA, jilda 18, san 1969, pR. 247-51, thrI inskripzansa oNpharAmagupta - jI.esa. ghai, 5. AdipurANa (jinasena) - 1/49. 6. dekheM - jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 76. 7. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 76-77. 8. vahI, pR. 30. ajjjinnnnNdignniajjmittnnNdiinnN| avagamiyapAyamUle sammaMsuttaM ca atthaM c|| 2161 / / puvvAyariyaNivaddhA upajIvittA imaassttiie| ArAhaNA sivjennpaannidlbhoinnaaridaa|| 2162 / /

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___107 10. mApanIya saMgha ke muniyoM meM kIrttinAmAnta adhikatAse hai, jaise- pAlyakIrti, ravikIrtti, vijayakIrti, dharmakIrti Adi / nandi, gupta, candra, nAmAnta bhI kAphI haiM, jaise-jinanandi, mitranandi, sarvagupta, nAgacandra, nemicandra. 11. dekhoAge ke pRSThoM meM ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAeM'. 12. anantakIrtti-graMthamAlA meM prakAzita bhagavatI ArAdhanA vacanikA' ke aMta meM una gAthAoM kI eka sUcI dI hai, jo mUlAcAra aura ArAdhanA meM eka-sI haiM aura paM. sukhalAlajI dvArA sampAdita 'paMca pratikramaNa sUtra' meM mUlAcAra kI sUcI dI hai, jobhadrabAhukRta 'Avazyakaniyukti' meM bhI hai| 13. dekho -Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 867-70. 14. cattArijaNAbhattaM uvakappaMti agilaaepaaoggN| chaDiyamavagadadosaMamAiNo lddhisNpnnnnaa||662|| cattArijaNA pANayamuvakappaMti agilaaepaaogN| chaMDiyamavagadadosaM amAiNo lddhisNpnnnnaa||663|| 15. sejagAsaNisejjA uvahIpaDilehaNA uvgghide| aahaarosyvaaynnvikiNcnnuvvttnnaadiisu||305|| 16. dekho, 'ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM'. 17. bhagavatI ArAdhanAvacanikA kI bhUmikA, pR. 12-13. 18. omodarie dhorAe bhaddabAhU asNkilitttthmdii| dhorAe tigiMchAepaDivaNNo uttamaM tthaannN||1544|| 19. coddasa-dasa-Nava-puvvI mtaamdiisaayrovvgNbhiiro| kappavahAradhArI hodihuaadhaarvNnnaam| 20. aayaarjiiNdkppgunndiivnnaaattsodhinijhNjhaa| ajjava-maddava-lAghava-tuTThI plhaadnnNcgunnaa|| yahIgAthAthor3ese pAThAntara kesAtha 130veM nmbrprbhiihai| usameM tuTThI palhAdaNaM caguNA' kI jagaha bhattI palhAdakaraNaMca' pATha hai|

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108 21. 130vIM gAthA (pR. 304 ) meM bhI 'AyArajIdakappaguNadIvaNA' pada hai| isakA artha vijayodayA meM kiyA hai- 'prathamamaMgamAcArazabdenocyate / AcArazAstranirdiSTakramaH AcArajIdazabdena ujyate / kalpyate abhidhIyate yena aparAdhAnuparo daNDaH saMkalpastasya guNaH upakArastena nirvartyatvAt / anayoH prakAzanaM AyArajIdakappaguNadIvaNA / " 59vIM gAthA (pR. 797 ) meM Navamammiya jaM puvve bhaNide kappe tava vavahAro / aMgesu sesaesu ca paiNNae cAvi taM diNNaM / 622vIM gAthA (pR. 824) meM 'chedasudajANagagaNI se chedasUtrajJaH / ' 22. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, paM. kailAzacaMdajI, bhUmikA, pR. 9.

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109 8 - samadarzI AcArya haribhadra ( IsvI san kI 8vIM zatI) AcArya haribhadra jainadharma ke prakhara pratibhAsampanna evaM bahuzruta AcArya mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne apanI lekhanI ke dvArA vipula evaM bahuAyAmI sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| unhoMnedarzana, dharma, yoga, AcAra, upadeza, vyaMgya aura carita - kAvya Adi vividha vidhAoM ke graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| maulika sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha unakA TIkA sAhitya bhI vipula hai| jaina dharma meM yoga sambaMdhI sAhitya ke tove Adi praNetA haiN| isI prakAra Agamika graMthoM kI saMskRta bhASA meM TIkA karanevAle jaina - paramparA meM veprathama TIkAkAra bhI haiN| unake pUrva taka AgamoM para joniryukti aura bhASya likhegae thevemUlataH prAkRta bhASA meM hI the| bhASyoM para Agamika vyavasthA ke rUpa meM jocUrNiyAM likhI gaI thIM ve bhI saMskRta - prAkRta mizrita bhASA meM likhI giiN| vizuddha saMskRta bhASA meM Agamika graMthoM kI TIkA lekhana kA sUtrapAta toharibhadra nehI kiyaa| bhASA kI dRSTi se unake graMtha saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM hI bhASAoM meM milate haiN| anuzruti toyaha hai ki unhoMne 1444 graMthoM kI racanA kI thI, kiMtu varttamAna meM hameM unake nAma car3he hue lagabhaga 75 graMtha upalabdha hotehaiN| yadyapi vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki inameM sekucha graMtha vastutaH yAkinIsUnu haribhadra kI kRti na hokara kinhIM dUsareharibhadra nAmaka AcAryoM kI kRtiyAM haiN| paMDita sukhalAlajI neinameM selagabhaga 45 graMthoM kotonirvivAda rUpa seunakI kRti svIkAra kiyA hai, kyoMki inameM 'bhava - viraha' aiseupanAma kA prayoga upalabdha haiN| inameM bhI yadi hama aSTaka - prakaraNa ke pratyeka aSTaka ko, SoDazakaprakaraNa ke pratyeka SoDaza ko viMzikAoM meM pratyeka viMzikA kotathA paMcAzaka meM pratyeka paMcAzaka kosvataMtra graMtha mAna leM toyaha saMkhyA lagabhaga 200 ke samIpa pahuMca jAtI hai| isaseyaha siddha hotA hai ki AcArya haribhadra eka prakhara pratibhA ke dhanI AcArya the aura sAhitya kI pratyeka vidhA kounhoMne apanI racanAoM sesamRddha kiyA thaa| 9 pratibhAzAlI aura vidvAna honA vastutaH tabhI sArthaka hotA hai jaba vyakti meM satyaniSThA aura sahiSNutA ho / AcArya haribhadra usa yuga ke vicAraka haiM jaba bhAratIya ciMtana meM aura vizeSakara darzana ke kSetra meM vAk - chala aura khaNDana- maNDana kI pravRtti balavatI bana gaI thii| pratyeka dArzanika svapakSa ke maNDana evaM parapakSa ke khaNDana meM hI apanA buddhikauzala mAna rahA thaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, darzana ke sAtha-sAtha dharma ke kSetra meM bhI

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110 pArasparika vidveSa aura ghRNA apanI carama sImA para pahuMca cukI thii| svayaM AcArya haribhadra kobhI isa vidveSa bhAvanA ke kAraNa apanedoziSyoM kI bali denI par3I thii| haribhadra kI mahAnatA aura dharma evaM darzana ke kSetra meM unake avadAna kA samyak mUlyAMkana to unake yuga kI ina viSama paristhitiyoM ke pariprekSya meM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya haribhadra kI mahAnatA toisI meM nihita hai ki unhoMnezuSka vAgjAla tathA ghRNA evaM vidveSa kI una viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI samabhAva, satyaniSThA, udAratA, samanvayazIlatA aura sahiSNutA kA paricaya diyaa| yahAM yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki samanvayazIlatA aura udAratA ke guNa unheM jaina darzana kI anekAnta dRSTi ke rUpa meM varAsata meM milethe, phira bhI unhoMne apane jIvana-vyavahAra aura sAhitya-sRjana meM ina guNoM ko jisa zAlInatA ke sAtha AtmasAt kiyA thA vaiseudAharaNa svayaM jaina - paramparA meM bhI virala hI haiN| AcArya haribhadra kA avadAna dharma-darzana, sAhitya aura samAja ke kSetra meM kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai isakI carcA ke pUrva yaha Avazyaka hai ki unake jIvanavRtta aura yugIna pariveza ke sambaMdha meM kucha vistAra se carcA kara leN| jIvanavRtta yadyapi AcArya haribhadra neudAra dRSTi sevipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA, kiMtu apanesambaMdha meM jAnakArI deneke sambaMdha meM veanudAra yA saMkocI hI rhe| prAcIna kAla ke anya AcAryoM ke samAna hI unhoMne bhI apanesambaMdha meM svayaM kahIM kucha nahIM likhaa| unhoMne graMtha - prazastiyoM meM jokucha saMketa die haiM unasemAtra itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki vejaina dharma kI zvetAmbara zAkhA ke 'vidyAdhara kula' sesambaMdhita the| inheM mahattarA yAkinI nAmaka sAdhvI kI preraNA sejainadharma kA bodha prApta huA thA, ataH unhoMne apanI aneka racanAoM meM apaneApako yAkinIsUnu ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, sAtha hI apanegraMthoM meM apaneupamAna 'bhavaviraha' kA saMketa kiyA hai| kuvalayamAlA meM udyotanasUri bhI inakA isI upanAma ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| jina graMthoM meM inhoMneapaneisa 'bhavaviraha' upanAma kA saMketa kiyA hai vegraMtha nimna haiM - aSTaka, SoDazaka, paMcAzaka, dharmabindu, lalitavistarA, zAstravArtA samuccaya, paMcavastuTIkA, anekAMtajayapatAkA, yogabiMdu, saMsAradAvAnalastuti, upadezapada, dharmasaMgrahaNI aura sambodha - prakaraNa / haribhadra ke

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111 sambaMdha meM unake ina graMthoM seisase adhika yA vizeSa sUcanA upalabdha nahIM hotii| AcArya haribhadra ke jIvana ke viSaya meM ullekha karanevAlA sabase prAcIna graMtha bhadrezvara kI kahAvalI hai| isa graMtha meM unake janma-sthAna kA nAma baMbhapunI ullikhita hai, kiMtu anya graMthoM meM unakA janmasthAna cittaur3a (citrakUTa) mAnA gayA hai| sambhAvanA hai ki brahmapurI cittaur3a kA koI upanagara yA kasbA rahA hogaa| kahAvalI ke anusAra inake pitA kA nAma zaMkara bhaTTa aura mAtA kA nAma gaMgA thaa| paM. sukhalAla jI kA kathana hai ki pitA ke nAma ke sAtha bhaTTa zabda sUcita karatA hai ki vejAti sebrAhmaNa the| brahmapurI meM unakA nivAsa bhI unake brAhmaNa honeke anumAna kI puSTi karatA hai| gaNadharasArdhazataka aura anya graMthoM meM unheM spaSTarUpa sebrAhmaNa kahA gayA hai| dharma aura darzana kI anya paramparAoM ke saMdarbha meM unake jJAna gAmbhIrya se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki unakA janma aura zikSA-dIkSA brAhmaNa kula meM hI huI hogii| kahA jAtA hai ki unheM apanepANDitya para garva thA aura apanI vidvattA ke isa abhimAna meM Akara hI unhoMneyaha pratijJA kara lI thI ki jisakA kahA huA samajha nahIM pAUMgA usI kA ziSya hojaauuNgaa| jaina anuzrutiyoM meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki eka bAra vejaba rAtri meM apaneghara lauTa rahethetaba unhoMne eka vRddhA sAdhvI ke mukha seprAkRta kI nimna gAthA sunI jisakA artha venahIM samajha sake / cakkIdugaM haripaNagaM paNagaM cakkI kesavocakkI / kesava cakkI kesava du cakkI kesI a cakkI a // - Avazyakaniryukti, 421 apanI jijJAsAvRtti ke kAraNa veusa gAthA kA artha jAnaneke lie sAdhvIjI ke pAsa ge| sAdhvIjI ne unheM apane guru AcArya jinadattasUri ke pAsa bheja diyaa| AcArya jinadattasUri neunheM dharma ke dobheda batAe - ( 1 ) sakAmadharma aura (2) nisskaamdhrm| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA ki niSkAma yA nispRha dharma kA pAlana karanevAlA hI 'bhavaviraha' arthAt mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki prAkRta bhASA aura usakI vipula sAhitya-sampadA ne AcArya haribhadra kojaina dharma ke prati AkarSita kiyA aura AcArya dvArA yaha batAe jAnepara ki jaina sAhitya ke talasparzI adhyayana ke lie jaina muni kI dIkSA apekSita hai, ataH veusameM dIkSita hoge| vastutaH eka rAjapurohita ke ghara meM janma leneke kAraNa vesaMskRta vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, veda, upaniSad,

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112 dharmazAstra, darzana aura jyotiSa ke jJAtA tothehI, jaina paramparA sejur3anepara unhoMnejaina sAhitya kA bhI gambhIra adhyayana kiyA mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMneapaneisa adhyayana kopUrvaadhyayana separipuSTa aura samanvita bhI kiyaa| unake graMtha yogasamuccaya, yogadRSTi, zAstravArtAsamuccaya Adi isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa haiM ki unhoMneapanI pArivArika paramparA seprApta jJAna aura jaina paramparA meM dIkSita hokara arjita kie jJAna koeka dUsarekA pUraka banAkara hI ina graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| haribhadra kojainadharma kI ora AkarSita karanevAlI jaina sAdhvI mahattarA yAkinI thI, ataH apanA dharma-RNa cukAneke lie unhoMneapanekomahattarA yAkinIsUnu arthAtyAkinI kA dharmaputra ghoSita kiyaa| unhoMneapanI racanAoM meM anekazaH apanesAtha isa vizeSaNa kA ullekha kiyA1 haribhadra ke upanAma ke rUpa meM dUsarA vizeSaNa bhavaviraha' hai|2 unhoMneapanI aneka racanAoM meM isa upanAma kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vivecya graMtha paMcAzaka ke aMta meM hameM bhavaviraha' zabda milatA hai| apanenAma ke sAtha yaha bhavaviraha vizeSaNa lagAnekA kyA kAraNa rahA hogA, yaha kahanA tokaThina hai, phira bhI isa vizeSaNa kA sambaMdha unake jIvana kI tIna ghaTanAoM sejor3A jAtA hai| sarvaprathama AcArya jinadatta neunheM bhavaviraha arthAt mokSa prApta karanekI preraNA dI, ataH sambhava hai unakI smRti meM veapanekobhavaviraha kA icchuka kahate hoN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki apanepriya ziSyoM ke viraha kI smRti meM unhoMneyaha upanAma dhAraNa kiyA ho| paM. sukhalAlajI neisa sambaMdha meM nimna tIna ghaTanAoM kA saMketa kiyA hai ___(1) dharmasvIkAra kA prasaMga, (2) ziSyoM ke viyoga kA prasaMga, (3) yAcakoM kodie jAnevAleAzIrvAda kA prasaMga tathA unake dvArA bhavavirahasUri ciraMjIvI hokahejAnekA prasaMgA2 isa tIsareprasaMgakA nirdezakahAvalI meM hai| haribhadra kAsamaya haribhadra ke samaya ke sambaMdha meM aneka avadhAraNAeM pracalita haiN| aMcalagacchIya AcArya merutuMga ne vicAra zreNI' meM haribhadra ke svargavAsa ke saMdarbha meM nimna prAcIna gAthAkouddhata kiyA hai paMcasaepaNasIe vikkama kAlAujhatti atthimo| haribhadrasUri bhaviyANaM disau kllaannN|| ukta gAthA ke anusAra haribhadra kA svargavAsa vi. saM. 585 meM huaa| isI

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gAthA ke AdhAra para pradyumnasUri ne apane vicArasAraprakaraNa evaM samayasuMdaragaNi svasaMgRhIta 'gAthAsahasrI' meM haribhadra kA svargavAsa vi.saM. 585 meM mAnA hai| isI AdhAra para muni zrIkalyANavijayajI ne 'dharma-saMgrahaNI' kI apanI saMskRta prastAvanA meM haribhadra kA sattA- samaya vi.saM. kI chaThI zatAbdI sthApita kiyA hai| kulamaNDanasUri ne 'vicAra amRtasaMgraha' meM aura dharmasAgara upAdhyAya netapAgacchagurvAvalI meM vIra - nirvANa - saMvat 1055 meM haribhadra kA samaya nirUpita kiyA hai 113 paNapannadasasaehiM harisUri Asi tattha puvvakaI / paramparAgata dhAraNA ke anusAra vI. ni. ke 470 varSa pazcAt vi.saM. kA prArambha mAnanese (470+585 1055) yaha tithi pUrvokta gAthA ke anurUpa hI vi. saM. 585 meM haribhadra kA svargavAsa nirUpita karatI hai / = AcArya haribhadraM kA svargavAsa vi.saM. kI chaThI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM isakA samarthana nimna dopramANa karate haiM huA, (1 ) tapAgaccha gurvAvalI meM munisuMdarasUri neharibhadrasUri komAnadevasUri dvitIya kA mitra batAyA hai, jinakA samaya vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| ataH yaha ullekha pUrva gAthokta samaya se apanI saMgati rakhatA hai| (2) isa gAthokta samaya ke pakSa meM dUsarA sabase mahattvapUrNa sAkSya haribhadra kA 'dhUrtAkhyAna' hai, jisakI carcA muni jinavijayajI ne 'haribhadrasUri kA samaya nirNaya' (pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, 1988) meM nahIM kI thii| sambhavataH unheM nizIthacUrNi meM dhUrtAkhyAna kA ullekha sambaMdhI yaha tathya jJAta nahIM thaa| yaha tathya mujhe dhUrtAkhyAna' meM mUla srota kI khoja karatesamaya upalabdha huA hai| dhUrtAkhyAna ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana meM prophesara e. ena. upAdhyeneharibhadra ke prAkRta dhUrtAkhyAna kA saMghatilaka ke saMskRta dhUrtAkhyAna para aura ajJAtakRta marugurjara meM nibaddha dhUrtAkhyAna para prabhAva kI carcA kI hai| isa prakAra unhoMnedhUrtAkhyAna koharibhadra kI maulika racanA mAnA hai| yadi dhUrtAkhyAna kI kathA kA nibaMdhana haribhadra nesvayaM apanI svaprasUta kalpanA sekiyA hai tovenizcita hI nizIthabhASya aura nizIthacUrNi ke lekhana kAla sepUrvavartI haiM, kyoMki ina donoM graMthoM meM yaha kathA upalabdha hai| bhASya meM isa kathA kA saMdarbha nimna rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai

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sasaelAsADha-mUladeva, khaNDA yaM juNNaujjANe / sAmatthaNekobhattaM, akkhAta joNa saddahati // corabhayA gAvIo, poTTalae baMdhiUNa ANemi / tilaairUDhakuhADe, vaNagaya malaNA ya tellodA // vaNagayapATaNa kuMDiya, chammAsa hatthilaggaNaM pucche / rAyarayaga movAde, jahi pecchai teimevatthA // 114 bhASya kI uparyukta gAthAoM seyaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki bhASyakAra kosampUrNa kathAnaka joki cUrNi aura haribhadra ke dhUrtAkhyAna meM hai, pUrI taraha jJAta hai, vemRSAvAda ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ise prastuta karate haiN| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki saMdarbha denevAlA graMtha usa AkhyAna kA Adyasrota nahIM hosktaa| bhASyoM meM jisa prakAra Agamika anya AkhyAna saMdarbha rUpa meM Ae haiM, usI prakAra yaha AkhyAna bhI AyA hai| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki yaha AkhyAna bhASya sepUrvavartI hai| cUrNi tosvayaM bhASya para TIkA hai aura usameM unhIM bhASya gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM lagabhaga tIna pRSThoM meM yaha AkhyAna AyA hai, ataH yaha bhI nizcita hai ki cUrNi bhI isa AkhyAna kA mUlasrota nahIM hai| punaH cUrNi ke isa AkhyAna ke aMta meM spaSTa likhA hai- 'sesaM dhuttavakhANagAhANusAreNa' (pR. 105 ) / ataH nizIthabhASya aura cUrNi isa AkhyAna ke Adi srota nahIM mAnejA skte| kiMtu hameM nizIthabhASya aura nizIthacUrNi sepUrva racita kisI aisegraMtha kI koI jAnakArI nahIM hai, jisameM yaha AkhyAna AyA ho / jaba taka anya kisI Adisrota ke sambaMdha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM hai, taba taka haribhadra ke dhUrtAkhyAna kolekhaka kI svakalpanAprasUta maulika racanA kyoM nahIM mAnA jaae| kiMtu aisA mAnanepara bhASyakAra aura cUrNikAra, ina donoM sehI haribhadra kopUrvavartI mAnanA hogA aura isa sambaMdha meM vidvAnoM kI jo abhI taka avadhAraNA banI huI hai vaha khaNDita hojaaegii| yadyapi upalabdha sabhI paTTAvaliyoM tathA unake graMtha laghukSetrasamAsa kI vRtti meM haribhadra kA svargavAsa vIra - nirvANa saMvat 1055 yA vikrama saMvat 585 tathA tadanurUpa IsvI san 529 meM mAnA jAtA hai| kiMtu paTTAvaliyoM meM unheM vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke karttA jinabhadra evaM jinadAsa kA pUrvavartI bhI mAnA gayA hai| aba hamAresAmanedohI vikalpa haiM yA topaTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra haribhadra kojinabhadra aura jinadAsa ke pUrva mAnakara unakI kRtiyoM para vizeSarUpa sejinadAsa mahattara para haribhadra

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115 kA prabhAva siddha kareM yA phira dhUrtAkhyAna ke mUlasrota koanya kisI pUrvavartI racanA yA loka-paramparA meM khojeN| yaha tospaSTa hai ki dhUrtAkhyAna cAhevaha nizIthacUrNi kA hoyA haribhadra kA, spaSTa hI paurANika yuga ke pUrva kI racanA nahIM hai| kyoMki vedonoM hI sAmAnyatayA zruti, purANa, bhArata (mahAbhArata) aura rAmAyaNa kA ullekha krtehaiN| haribhadra netoeka sthAna para viSNupurANa, mahAbhArata ke araNyaparva aura arthazAstra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, ataH nizcita hI yaha AkhyAna inakI racanA ke bAda hI racA gayA hogaa| upalabdha AgamoM meM anuyogadvAra mahAbhArata aura rAmAyaNa kA ullekha karatA hai| anuyogadvAra kI viSayavastu ke avalokana seaisA lagatA hai ki apaneaMtima rUpa meM vaha lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI kI racanA hai| dhUrtAkhyAna meM bhArata' nAma AtA hai, 'mahAbhArata' nhiiN| ataH itanA nizcita hai ki dhUrtAkhyAna ke kathAnaka ke Adyasrota kI pUrva sImA IsA kI cauthI yA pAMcavIM zatI seAgenahIM jA sktii| punaH nizIthabhASya aura nizIthacUrNI meMullekha honesedhUrtAkhyAna ke Adyasrota kI apara-aMtima sImA chaThIsAtavIM zatI ke pazcAt nahIM hosktii| ina graMthoM kA racanAkAla IsA kI sAtavIM zatI kA uttarArdha hosakatA hai| ataH dhUrtAkhyAna kA Adyasrota IsA kI pAMcavIM sesAtavIM zatI ke bIca kA hai| yadyapi pramANAbhAva meM nizcitarUpasekucha kahanA kaThina hai, kiMtu eka kalpanA yaha bhI kI jA sakatI hai ki haribhadra kI guru-paramparA jinabhadra aura jinadAsa kI ho, AgekahIM bhrAMtivaza jinabhadra kA jinabhaTa aura jinadAsa kA jinadatta hogayA ho, kyoMki 'I' aura 'dR' ke lekhana meM aura 'ta' aura 'sa' ke lekhana meM hastapratoM meM bahuta hI kama aMtara rahatA hai| punaH haribhadra jaisepratibhAzAlI ziSya kA guru bhI pratibhAzAlI honA cAhie, jabaki haribhadra ke pUrva jinabhaTTa aura jinadatta ke honeke anyatra koI saMketa nahIM miltehaiN| hosakatA hai ki dhUrtAkhyAna haribhadra kI yuvAvasthA kI racanA hoaura usakA upayoga unake gurubaMdhu siddhasena kSamAzramaNa (chaThI zatI) neapanenizIthabhASya meM tathA unake guru jinadAsagaNi mahattara nenizIthacUrNi meM kiyA ho| dhUrtAkhyAna kodekhanesespaSTa rUpa seyaha lagatA hai ki yaha haribhadra ke yuvAkAla kI racanA hai, kyoMki usameM unakI jovyaMgyAtmaka zailI hai, vaha unake paravartI graMthoM meM nahIM pAI jaatii| haribhadra jinabhadra evaM jinadAsa kI paramparA meM hue ho, yaha mAtra merI kalpanA nahIM hai| DaoN. harmana jaikobI aura anya kucha vidvAnoM nebhI haribhadra ke guru kA nAma jinabhadra mAnA hai| yadyapi muni zrI jinavijayI neiseunakI bhrAMti hI mAnA hai| vAstavikatA jobhI

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116 ho, kiMtu yadi hama dhUrtAkhyAna koharibhadra kI maulika racanA mAnatehaiM tounheM jinabhadra (lagabhaga zaka saMvat 530) aura siddhasena kSamAzramaNa (lagabhaga zaka saMvat 550) tathA unake ziSya jinadAsagaNi mahattara (zaka saMvat 598 yA viM. saM. 733) ke pUrvavartI yA kamasekama samakAlikatomAnanA hI hogaa| yadi hama haribhadra kosiddhasena kSamAzramaNa evaM jinadAsagaNi mahattara kApUrvavartI mAnatehaiM, taba tounakA samaya vikrama saMvat 585 mAnA jA sakatA hai| muni jayasuMdara vijayajIzAstravArtAsamuccaya kI bhUmikA meM ukta tithi kA samarthana karatehue likhatehaiMprAcIna aneka graMthakAroM nezrI haribhadrasUriko585 vi. saM. meM honA batAyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, kiMtu zrI haribhadrasUri nesvayaM bhI apanesamaya kA ullekha saMvat tithi-vAra-mAsa aura nakSatra ke sAtha laghukSetrasamAsa kI vRtti meM kiyA hai, jisa vRtti ke tADapatrIya jaisalamera kI prati kA paricaya muni zrIpuNyavijaya sampAdita jaisalamera kalekzana' pRSTha 68 meM isa prakAra prApya hai : 'kramAMka 196, jambU dvIpakSetrasamAsavRtti, patra 26, bhASA, prAkRta-saMskRta, kartAH haribhadraAcArya, pratilipile.saM.anumAnataH 14vIM shtaabdii|' isa prati ke aMta meM isa prakAra kA ullekha milatA haiiti kSetrasamAsavRttiH smaaptaa| viracitAzrI hribhdraacaaryH||ch|| laghukSetrasamAsasya vRttireSA smaastH| racitAbudhabodhArthaM zrI hribhdrsuuribhiH|| 1 / / pNcaashitikvrssevikrmtovrjrtishuklpNcmyaam| zukrasyazukravArezasyepuSyeca nksstre|| 2 // ThIka isI prakAra kA ullekha ahamadAbAda, saMvegI upAzraya ke hastalikhita bhaNDAra kI sambhavataH paMdrahavIM zatAbdI meM likhI huI kSetra-samAsa kI kAgaja kI eka prati meM upalabdha hotA hai| dUsarI gAthA meM spaSTa zabdoM meM zrI haribhadrasUri nelaghukSetramAsa vRtti kA racanAkAla vi. saM. (5) 85, puSyanakSatra zukra (jyeSTha) mAsa, zukravAra-zuklapaMcamI batAyA hai| yadyapi yahAM vi.saM. 85 kA ullekha hai| tathApi jina vAra-tithi-mAsa-nakSatra kA yaha ullekha hai unasevi.saM. 585 kA hI mela baiThatA hai| ahamadAbAda vedhazAlA ke prAcIna jyotiSa vibhAga ke adhyakSa zrI himmatarAma jAnI nejyotiSa aura gaNita ke

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117 AdhAra para jAMca karake yaha batAyA hai ki uparyukta gAthA meM jina vAra-tithi ityAdi kA ullekha hai, vaha vi. saM. 585 ke anusAra bilakula ThIka hai, jyotiSazAstra ke gaNitAnusAra prAmANika hai| ___isa prakAra zrI haribhadrasUri mahArAja nesvayaM hI apanesamaya kI atyaMta prAmANika sUcanA derakhI hai, taba usasebar3hakara aura kyA pramANa hosakatA hai jounake isa samaya kI siddhi meM bAdhA DAla sake? zaMkA hosakatI hai ki yaha gAthA kisI anya neprakSipta kI hogI' kiMtu vaha ThIka nahIM, kyoMki prakSepa karanevAlA kevala saMvat kA ullekha kara sakatA hai, kiMtu usake sAtha prAmANika vAra-tithi Adi kA ullekha nahIM kara sktaa| hAM, yadi dharmakIrti Adi kA samaya isa samaya meM bAdhA utpanna kara rahA hotodharmakIrti Adi ke samayollekha ke AdhAra para zrI haribhadrasUri kovikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI sekhIMcakara AThavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM lejAnekI apekSA ucita yaha hai ki zrI haribhadrasUri ke isa atyaMta prAmANika samaya-ullekha ke bala sedharmakIrti Adi kohI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdhayA uttarArdha meM lejaayaajaae| kiMtu muni zrIjayasuMdaravijayajI kI uparyukta sUcanA ke anusAra jambUdvIpa kSetra samAsavRtti kA racanAkAla hai| punaH isameM mAtra 85 kA ullekha hai, 585 kA nhiiN| itsiMga Adi kA samaya tosunizcita hai| punaH samasyA na kevala dharmakIrti Adi ke samaya kI hai, apitu jaina-paramparA ke sunizcita samayavAlejinabhadra, siddhasenakSamAzramaNa evaM jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI bhI hai- inameM sekoI bhI vikrama saMvat 585 sepUrvavartI nahIM hai, jabaki inake nAmollekha sahita graMthAvataraNaharibhadra ke graMthoM meM miltehaiN| inameM sabasepUrvavartI jinabhadra kA sattA-samaya bhI zaka saMvat 530 arthAt vikrama saMvat 665 ke lagabhaga hai| ataH haribhadra ke svargavAsa kA samaya vikrama saMvat 585 kisIbhI sthiti meM prAmANika siddha nahIM hotaa| . haribhadra kojinabhadragaNi, siddhasenagaNiaura jinadAsamahattara kA samakAlika mAnanepara pUrvokta gAthA ke vi. saM. 585 kozaka saMvat mAnanA hogAaura isa AdhAra para haribhadra kA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha siddha hotA hai| haribhadra kI kRti dazavaikAlikavRtti meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI aneka gAthAoM kA ullekha yahI spaSTa karatA hai ki haribhadrakAsattA-samaya vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke pazcAt hI hogaa|bhaassy kA racanAkAla zaka saMvat 531 yA usake kucha pUrva kA hai| ataH yadi uparyukta gAthA ke

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118 585 ko zaka saMvat mAna liyA jAe todonoM meM saMgati baiTha sakatI hai| punaH haribhadra kI kRtiyoM meM nandIcUrNi sebhI kucha pATha avatarita hue haiN| nandIcUrNi ke kartA jinadAsagaNimahattara neusakA racanA kAlazakasaMvat 598 batAyA hai| ataH haribhadra kA satta-samaya zaka saMvat 598 tadanusAra I. san 676 ke bAda hI hosakatA hai| yadi hama haribhadra ke kAla sambaMdhI pUrvokta gAthA ke vikrama saMvat kozaka saMvat mAnakara unakA kAla IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha evaM AThavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAneM tonandIcUrNi ke avataraNoM kI saMgati baiThAnemeM mAtra 20-25 varSa kA hI aMtara raha jAtA hai| ataH itanA nizcita hai ki haribhadra kA kAla vikrama kI sAtavIM /AThavIM athavA IsvI sankI AThavIMzatAbdI hI siddha hogaa| ___ isaseharibhadra kI kRtiyoM meM ullikhita kumArila, bhartRhari, dharmakIrti, vRddhadharmottara Adi seunakI samakAlikatA mAnanemeM bhI koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| haribhadra nejinabhadra aura jinadAsa ke joullekha kie haiM aura haribhadra kI kRtiyoM meM inake joavataraNa milatehaiM unameM bhI isa tithi komAnanepara koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| ataH vidvAnoM kojinavijayajI ke nirNaya komAnya karanA hogaa| punaH yadi hama yaha mAna letehaiM ki nizIthacUrNi meM ullikhita prAkRta dhUrtAkhyAna kisI pUrvAcArya kI kRti thI aura usake AdhAra para hI haribhadra neapaneprAkRta dhUrtAkhyAna kI racanA kI toaisI sthiti meM haribhadra ke samaya konizIthacUrNi ke racanAkAla IsvI san 676 seAgelAyA jA sakatA hai| muni zrI jinavijayajI neaneka Antara aura bAhya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para apanegraMtha haribhadrasUri kA samaya nirNaya' meM haribhadra ke samaya koI. san 700-770 sthApita kiyA hai| yadi pUrvokta gAthA ke anusAra haribhadra kA samaya vikrama saM. 585 mAnatehaiM tojinavijayajI dvArA nirdhArita samaya aura gAthokta samaya meM lagabhaga 200 varSoM kA aMtara raha jAtA hai| joucita nahIM lagatA hai| ataH isezaka saMvat mAnanA ucita hogaa| isI krama meM muni dhanavijayajI ne caturthastutinirNayazaMkoddhAra' meM ratnasaMcayaprakaraNa' kI nimna gAthA kA ullekha kiyA hai paNapaNNabArasasae haribhaddosUri aasipuvvkaae| isa gAthA ke AdhAra para haribhadra kA samaya vIranirvANa saMvat 1255 arthAt vi.saM. 785 yA IsvI san 728 AtA hai| isa gAthA meM unake svargavAsa kA ullekha

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119 nahIM hai, ataH iseunakA sattA-samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi ukta gAthA kI puSTi hetu hameM anya koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadi hama isI prasaMga meM vIra nirvANa saMvat ke sambaMdha meM calI A rahI 60 varSa kI bhUla kosaMzodhita kara vIra - nirvANa kovi. pU. 410 yA I.pU. 467 mAnate haiM jaisA ki maiMne apaneeka nibaMdha (dekheM: sAgara jaina- vidyA bhAratI, bhAga 1 ) meM siddha kiyA hai, toaisI sthiti meM haribhadra kA svargavAsa kAla 1255-467 = 788 I. siddha hojAtA hai aura yaha kAla jinavijayajI dvArA nirdhArita haribhadra ke sattA- samaya IsvI san 700 se 770 ke adhika nikaTa hai| haribhadra ke uparyukta samaya - nirNaya ke sambaMdha meM eka anya mahattvapUrNa samasyA khar3I hotI hai siddharSikRta upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA ke usa ullekha sejisameM siddharSi neharibhadra ko apanA dharmabodhakara guru kahA hai| unhoMneyaha kathA vi.saM. 962 meM jyeSTha zukla paMcamI, guruvAra ke dina pUrNa kI thii| siddharSi ke dvArA likhegae isa tithi ke anusAra yaha kAla 906 I. siddha hotA hai tathA usameM batAe gae vAra, nakSatra Adi bhI jyotiSa kI gaNanA sesiddha hote haiN| siddharSi upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA meM haribhadra ke viSaya meM likhatehaiM ki unhoMne (haribhadra ne) anAgata arthAt bhaviSya meM honevAle mujhakojAnakara hI merelie caityavaMdanasUtra kA Azraya lekara 'lalitavistarA - vRtti' kI racanA kI | yadyapi kucha jaina kathAnakoM meM siddharSi aura haribhadra ke pArasparika sambaMdha kosiddha kiyA gayA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki siddharSi haribhadra ke hastadIkSita ziSya the, kiMtu siddharSi kA yaha kathana ki 'bhaviSya meM honevAlemujhakojAnakara.......' yahI siddha karatA hai ki AcArya haribhadra unake paramparA - guru the, sAkSAt guru nhiiN| svayaM siddharSi nebhI haribhadra kokAlavyavahita arthAt pUrvakAla meM honevAle tathA apaneko anAgata arthAt bhaviSya meM honevAlA kahA hai| ataH donoM ke bIca kAla kA paryApta aMtara honA caahie| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki siddharSi kounake graMtha lalitavistarA ke adhyayana sejina dharma meM sthiratA huI thI, isalie unhoMne haribhadra kodharmabodha pradAtA guru kahA, sAkSAt guru nahIM khaa| muni vijayajI nebhI haribhadra kosiddharSi kA sAkSAt guru nahIM mAnA hai| 'kuvalayamAlA' ke karttA udyotanasUri ne apaneisa graMtha meM jozaka saMvat 699 arthAt I. san 777 meM nirmita hai, haribhadra evaM unakI kRti 'samarAiccakahA' tathA unake bhavaviraha nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH haribhadra I. san 777 ke pUrva hue haiM, isameM koI vivAda nahIM raha jAtA hai /

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120 haribhadra, siddharSi aura akalaMka ke pUrvavartI haiM, isa sambaMdha meM eka anya pramANa yaha hai ki siddharSi nenyAyAvatAra kI TIkA meM akalaMka dvArA mAnya smRti, pratyabhijJAaura tarka- ina tIna pramANoM kI carcA kI hai| akalaMka ke pUrva jainadarzana meM ina tIna pramANoM kI carcA anupasthita hai| haribhadra nebhI kahIM ina tIna pramANoM kI carcA nahIM kI hai| ataH haribhadra, akalaMka aura siddharSi sepUrvavartI haiN| akalaMka kA samaya vidvAnoM neI. san 720-780 sthApita kiyA hai| ataH haribhadra yA toakalaMka ke pUrvavartI yA variSTha samakAlIna hI siddha hotehaiN| haribhadra kA vyaktitva haribhadra kA vyaktitva aneka sadguNoM kI pUMjIbhUta bhAsvara pratibhA hai| udAratA, sahiSNutA, samadarzitA aisesadguNa haiM jounake vyaktitva komahanIyatA pradAna krtehaiN| unakA jIvana samabhAva kI sAdhanA kosamarpita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vidyA ke bala para unhoMnedharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM nae vivAda khar3e karane ke sthAna para unake madhya samanvaya sAdhanekA puruSArtha kiyA hai| unake lie vidyA vivAdAya' na hokara pakSavyAmoha seUpara uThakara satyAnveSaNa karanehetu hai| haribhadra pakSAgrahI na hokara satyAgrahI haiM, ataH unhoMnemadhusaMcayI bhramara kI taraha vividha dhArmika aura dArzanika paramparAoM sebahuta kucha liyA hai aura usejaina paramparA kI anekAnta dRSTi sesamanvita bhI kiyA hai| yadi unake vyaktitva kI mahAnatA kosamajhanA hai tovividha kSetroM meM unake avadAnoM kA mUlyAMkana karanA hogA aura unake avadAna kA vaha mUlyAMkana hI unake vyaktitva kA mUlyAMkana hogaa| dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM haribhadra kAavadAna dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM haribhadra kA avadAna kyA hai? yaha samajhaneke lie isa carcA kohama nimna binduoM meM vibhAjita kararahehaiM(1) dArzanika evaM dhArmika paramparAoM kA niSpakSa prastutikaraNA (2) anya darzanoM kI samIkSA meM bhI ziSTa bhASA kA prayoga tathA anya dharmoM evaM darzanoM ke pravartakoM ke prati bahumAnavRttiA zuSka dArzanika samAlocanAoM ke sthAna para una avadhAraNAoM ke sAra-tattva aura mUla uddezyoM kosamajhanekA prayatnA (1) dArzanika evaM dhArmika paramparAoM kA niSpakSa prstutikrnn| (3)

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121 (6) (8) (2) anya darzanoM kI samIkSA meM bhI ziSTa bhASA kA prayoga tathA anya dharmoM evaM darzanoM ke pravartakoM ke prati bhumaanvRtti| (3) zuSka dArzanika samAlocanAoM ke sthAna para unaavadhAraNAoM ke sAra-tattva aura mUla uddezyoM kosamajhanekA prayatnA udAra aura samanvayavAdI dRSTi rakhatehue paurANika aMdhavizvAsoM kA nirbhIka rUpasekhaNDana krnaa| (7) darzana aura dharma ke kSetra meM AsthA yA zraddhA kI apekSA tarka evaM yukti para adhika bala, kiMtu zarta yaha ki tarka aura yukti kA prayoga apanemata kI puSTi ke lie nahIM, apitu satyakIkhoja ke lie ho| dharmasAdhanA kokarmakANDa ke sthAna para caritra kI nirmalatA ke sAtha jor3anekA prayatna (9) mukti ke sambaMdha meM eka udAra aura vyApaka dRSTikoNA (10) upAsyake nAma-bheda kogauNa mAnakara usake guNoM para bl| anya dArzanika evaM dhArmika paramparAoM kA niSpakSa prastutikaraNa . jaina paramparA meM anya paramparAoM ke vicArakoM ke darzana evaM dharmopadeza ke prastutikaraNa kA prathama prayAsa hameM RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAiM lagabhaga I.pU. 3 zatI) meM parilakSita hotA hai| isa graMtha meM anya dhArmika aura dArzanika paramparAoM ke pravartakoM, yathA-nArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, sAriputra Adi koarhat RSi kahakara sambodhita kiyA gayA hai aura unake vicAroM koniSpakSa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI vaicArika udAratA evaM anya paramparAoM ke prati samAdara bhAva kA yaha ati prAcIna kAla kA anyatama aura merI dRSTi meM ekamAtra udAharaNa hai| anya paramparAoM ke prati aisA samAdara bhAva vaidika aura bauddha paramparA ke prAcIna sAhitya meM hameM kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| svayaM jaina paramparA meM bhI yaha udAra dRSTi adhika kAla taka jIvita nahIM raha skii| pariNAmasvarUpa yaha mahAn graMtha jokabhI aMga sAhitya kA eka bhAga thA, vahAM sealaga kara paripArzva meM DAla diyA gyaa| yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI Adi Agama-graMthoM meM tatkAlIna anya paramparAoM ke vivaraNa upalebdha hotehaiM, kiMtu unameM anya darzanoM aura paramparAoM ke prati vaha udAratA aura zAlInatA parilakSita nahIM hotI, joRSibhASita meM thii| sUtrakRtAMga anya dArzanika aura dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA

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122 vivaraNa todetA hai. kiMta unheM mithyA, anArya yA asaMgata kahakara unakI AlocanAbhI karatA hai| bhagavatI meM vizeSa rUpa meMmaMkhali-gozAlaka ke prasaMga meM tojaina paramparA sAmAnya ziSTatA kA bhI ullaMghana kara detI hai| RSibhASita meM jisa maMkhali-gozAlaka koarhat RSi ke rUpa meM sambodhita kiyA gayA thA, bhagavatI meM usI kA azobhanIya citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha carcA maiM kevala isalie kara rahA hUM ki hama haribhadra kI udAradRSTi kA samyak mUlyAMkana kara sakeM aura yaha jAna sakeM ki na kevala jaina paramparA meM, apitu samagra bhAratIya darzana meM unakA avadAna kitanA mahAn hai| jaina dArzanikoM meM sarvaprathama siddhasena divAkara neapanegraMthoM meM anya dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMnebattIsa dvAtriMzikAeM likhI haiM, unameM navIM meM vedavAda, dazavIM meM yogavidyA, bArahavIM meM nyAyadarzana, terahavIM meM sAMkhyadarzana, caudahavIM meM vaizeSikadarzana, paMdrahavIM meM bauddhadarzana aura solahavIM meM niyativAda kI carcA hai, kiMtu siddhasena neyaha vivaraNa samIkSAtmaka dRSTi sehI prastuta kiyA hai| veaneka prasaMgoM meM ina avadhAraNAoM ke prati cuTIlevyaMgya bhI kstehaiN| vastutaH dArzanikoM meM anya darzanoM ke jAnane aura unakA vivaraNa prastuta karanekI jopravRtti vikasita huI thI usakA mUla AdhAra virodhI matoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA hIthA siddhasena bhI isake apavAda nahIM haiN| sAtha hI paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki siddhasena kI kRtiyoM meM anya darzanoM kA jovivaraNa upalabdha hai vahabhIpATha-bhraSTatA aura vyAkhyA ke abhAva ke kAraNa adhika prAmANika nahIM hai| yadyapi siddhasena divAkara, samantabhadra, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa Adi haribhadra ke pUrvavartI dArzanikoM neanekAMta dRSTi ke prabhAva ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM vaicArika udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai, phira bhI yesabhI vicAraka itanA tomAnatehI haiM ki anya darzana aikAntika dRSTi kA Azraya leneke kAraNa mithyA-darzana haiM, jabaki jaina darzana anekAnta-dRSTi apanAneke kAraNa samyagdarzana haiN| vastutaH vaicArika samanvayazIlatA aura dhArmika udAratA kI jisa UMcAI kA sparza haribhadra neapanI kRtiyoM meM kiyA hai, vaisA unake pUrvavartI jaina evaM jainetara dArzanikoM meM hameM parilakSita nahIM hotaa| yadyapiharibhadra ke paravartI jaina dArzanikoM meM hemacaMdra, yazovijaya, Anandaghana Adi anya dharmoM aura darzanoM ke prati samabhAva aura udAratA kA paricaya detehaiM, kiMtu unakI yaha udAratA una para haribhadra ke prabhAva kohI sUcita karatI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hemacaMdra apanemahAdeva-stotra (44) meM nimnazloka prastuta karatehaiM

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123 bhava-bIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyAkSayamupAgatA ysy| ... . brahmA vAviSNurvA harojinovA nmstsmai|| vastutaH 2500 varSa ke sudIrgha jaina itihAsa meM aisA koI bhI samanvayavAdI udAracetA vyaktitva nahIM hai, jiseharibhadra ke samatulya kahA jA ske| yadyapi haribhadra ke pUrvavartI aura paravartI aneka AcAryoM nejaina darzana kI anekAnta dRSTi ke prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa udAratA kA paricaya avazya diyA hai, phira bhI unakI sRjanadharmitA usa stara kI nahIM hai jisa stara kI haribhadra kI hai| unakI kRtiyoM meM do-cAra gAthAoM yA zlAkoM meM udAratA ke cAhesaMketa mila jAeM, kiMtu aisekitane haiM jinhoMnesamanvayAtmaka aura udAradRSTi ke AdhAra para SaDdarzanasamuccaya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya aura yogadRSTisamuccaya jaisI mahAn kRtiyoM kA praNayana kiyA ho| anya dArzanika aura dhArmika paramparAoM kA adhyayana mukhyataH dodRSTiyoM sekiyA jAtA hai- eka touna paramparAoM kI AlocanA karanekI dRSTi seaura dUsarA unakA yathArtha paricaya pAneaura unameM nihita satya kosamajhanekI dRSTi se| AlocanA evaM samIkSA kI dRSTi selikhegaegraMthoM meM bhIAlocanA ke ziSTa aura aziSTa aisedorUpa miltehaiN| sAtha hI jaba graMthakartA kA mukhya uddezya AlocanA karanA hotA hai, tovaha anya paramparAoM ke prastutikaraNa meM nyAya nahIM karatA hai aura unakI avadhAraNAoM kobhrAMtarUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM syAdvAda aura zUnyavAda ke AlocakoM nekabhI unheM samyak rUpa seprastuta karanekA prayatna nahIM kiyA hai| yadyapi haribhadra nebhI apanI kucha kRtiyoM meM anya darzanoM evaM dharmoM kI samIkSA kI hai| apanegraMtha dhUrtAkhyAna meM vedharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM panapa raheaMdhavizvAsoM kA sacoTa khaNDana bhI karatehaiM, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki vena toapanevirodhI ke vicAroM kobhrAMta rUpa meM prastuta karatehaiM aura na unake sambaMdha meM aziSTa bhASA kA prayogahI krtehaiN| darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM kI racanA aura usameMharibhadra kAsthAna yadi hama bhAratIya darzana ke samagra itihAsa meM sabhI pramukha darzanoM ke siddhAMta koeka hI graMtha meM pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha prastuta karaneke kSetra meM hue prayatnoM kodekhatehaiM, tohamArI dRSTi meM haribhadra hI veprathama vyakti haiM, jinhoMnesabhI pramukha bhAratIya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM koniSpakSa rUpa seeka hI graMtha meM prastuta kiyA hai| haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI koTi kA aura usaseprAcIna darzana saMgrAhaka koI anya graMtha hameM

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124 prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| haribhadra ke pUrva taka jaina, bauddha aura vaidika - tInoM hI paramparAoM ke kisI bhI AcArya ne apanekAla ke sabhI darzanoM kA niSpakSa paricaya denekI dRSTi sekisI bhI graMtha kI racanA nahIM kI thii| unake graMthoM meM apanevirodhI matoM kA prastutikaraNa mAtra unake khaNDana kI dRSTi sehI huA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI haribhadra ke pUrva siddhasena divAkara aura samantabhadra ne anya darzanoM ke vivaraNa toprastuta kie haiM, kiMtu unakI dRSTi bhI khaNDanaparaka hI hai| vividha darzanoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karanekI dRSTi semallavAdI kA nayacakra mahattvapUrNa graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu usakA mukhya uddezya bhI pratyeka darzana kI apUrNatA kosUcita karatehue anekAntavAda kI sthApanA karanA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaliyA ke zabdoM meM nayacakra kI kalpanA ke pIche AcArya kA Azaya yaha hai ki koI bhI mata apaneApa meM pUrNa nahIM hai / jisa prakAra usa mata kI sthApanA dalIloM sehosakatI hai, usI prakAra usakA utthApana bhI virodhI matoM kI dalIloM sehosakatA hai| sthApanA aura utthApana kA yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai| ataeva anekAntavAda meM yemata yadi apanA ucita sthAna prApta kareM, tabhI ucita hai anyathA nhiiN|' nayacakra kI mUladRSTi bhI svapakSa arthAt anekAntavAda ke maNDana aura parapakSa ke khaNDana kI hI hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM bhI haribhadra ke pUrva taka niSpakSa bhAva sekoI bhI darzana - saMgrAhaka graMtha nahIM likhA gyaa| jainetara paramparAoM ke darzana - saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM AcArya zaMkara viracita mAnejAnevAle'sarvasiddhAMtasaMgraha' kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha kRti mAdhavAcArya ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha kI apekSA prAcIna hai, phira bhI isake Adya zaMkarAcArya dvArA viracita honemeM saMdeha hai| isa graMtha meM bhI pUrvadarzana kA uttaradarzana ke dvArA nirAkaraNa karatehue aMta meM advaita vedAMta kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| ataH kisI sImA taka isakI zailI konayacakra kI zailI ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai kiMtu jahAM nayacakra, aMtima mata kA bhI prathama mata khaNDana karavAkara kisI bhI eka darzana koaMtima satya nahIM mAnatA hai, vahAM 'sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha' vedAMta koekamAtra aura aMtima satya svIkAra karatA hai| ataH yaha eka darzanasaMgrAhaka graMtha hokara bhI niSpakSa dRSTi kA pratipAdaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI jovizeSatA hai vaha isameM nahIM hai / jainetara paramparAoM meM darzana - saMgrAhaka graMthoM graMthoM meM dUsarA sthAna mAdhavAcArya -

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125 (I.1350?) ke 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' kA AtA hai| kiMtu sarvadarzanasaMgraha' kI mUlabhUta dRSTi.bhI yahI hai ki vedAMta hI ekamAtra samyagdarzana hai| 'sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha' aura 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' donoM kI haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya seisa artha meM bhinnatA hai ki jahAM haribhadra binA kisI khaNDana-maNDana ke nirapekSa bhAva setatkAlIna vividha darzanoM koprastuta karatehaiM, vahAM vaidika paramparA ke ina donoM kI mUlabhUta zailI khaNDanaparaka hI hai| ataH ina donoM graMthoM meM anya dArzanika matoM ke prastutikaraNa meM vaha niSpakSatA aura udAratAparilakSita nahIM hotI, joharibhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM hai| isake pazcAt vaidika paramparA ke darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM madhusUdana sarasvatI ke 'prasthAna-bheda'kA krama AtA hai| madhusUdana sarasvatI nedarzanoM kA vargIkaraNa Astika aura nAstika ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| nAstika-avaidika darzanoM meM vecha: prasthAnoM kA ullekha krtehaiN| isameM bauddha darzana ke cAra sampradAya tathAcArvAka aura jainoM kA samAveza huA hai| Astika-vaidika darzanoM meM- nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA aura uttaramImAMsA kA samAveza huA hai| inhoMnepAzupata darzana evaM vaiSNava darzana kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra prasthAna-bheda ke lekhaka kI eka vizeSatA avazya hai jousepUrva ullikhita vaidika paramparA ke anya darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM sealaga karatI hai, vaha yaha ki isa graMtha meM vaidika darzanoM ke pArasparika virodha kA samAdhAna yaha kaha kara kiyA gayA hai ki ina prasthAnoM ke prastotA sabhI muni bhrAMta tonahIM hosakate, kyoMki vesarvajJa the| cUMki bAhya viSayoM meM lagehue manuSyoM kA parama puruSArtha meM praviSTa honA kaThina hotA hai, ataeva nAstikoM kA nirAkaraNa karaneke lie ina muniyoM nedarzana prasthAnoM ke bheda kie haiN| isa prakAra prasthAna-bheda meM yatkiMcit udAratA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai, kiMtu yaha udAratA kevala vaidika paramparA ke Astika darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM hI hai, nAstikoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA tosarvadarzanakaumudIkAra kobhI iSTa hI hai| isa prakAra darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM haribhadra kI joniSpakSa aura udAra dRSTi hai vaha hameM anya paramparAoM meM racita darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM nahIM milatI hai| yadyapi vartamAna bhAratIya dArzanika paramparAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karanevAleaneka graMtha likhejArahehaiM, kiMtu unameM bhI lekhaka kahIM na kahIM apaneiSTa darzana kohIaMtima satya ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA pratIta hotA hai| haribhadra ke pazcAt jaina paramparA meM likhegae darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM

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126 meM ajJAtakartRka 'sarvasiddhAMtapravezika' kA sthAna AtA hai, kiMtu itanA nizcita hai ki yaha graMtha kisI jaina AcArya dvArA praNIta hai, kyoMki isake maMgalAcaraNa meM 'sarvabhAva praNetAraM praNipatya jinezvaraM' aisA ullekha hai| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra prastuta graMtha kI pratipAdana zailI haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA hI anusaraNa karatI hai / ' aMtara mAtra yaha hai ki jahAM haribhadra kA graMtha padya meM hai vahAM sarvasiddhAMtapravezaka gadya meM hai| sAtha hI yaha graMtha haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI apekSA kucha vistRta bhI hai| jaina paramparA ke darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM dUsarA sthAna jIvadevasUri ke ziSya AcArya jinadattasUri (vikrama 1265) ke 'vivekavilAsa' kA AtA hai| isa graMtha ke aSTama ullAsa meM SaDdarzanavicAra nAmaka prakaraNa hai, jisameM jaina, mImAMsaka, bauddha, sAMkhya, zaiva aura nAstika- ina chaH darzanoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| paM. sukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra isa graMtha kI eka vizeSatA toyaha hai ki isameM nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA samAveza zaivadarzana meM kiyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa lekhaka ke dvArA haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA anusaraNa karanA hI hai, kyoMki usameM bhI nyAyadarzana ke devatA ke rUpa meM ziva kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai - 'akSapAdamatedevaH sRssttisNhaarkRcchivH'||13|| yaha graMtha bhI haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya ke samAna kevala paricayAtmaka aura niSpakSa vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai aura AkAra meM mAtra 66 zloka pramANa hai| jaina paramparA meM darzana - saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM tIsarA krama rAjazekhara (vikrama 1405) ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA AtA hai| isa graMtha meM jaina, sAMkhya, jaiminIya, yoga, vaizeSika aura saugata (bauddha) ina chaH darzanoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| haribhadra ke samAna hI isa graMtha meM bhI ina sabhI koAstika kahA gayA hai aura aMta meM nAstika ke rUpa meM cArvAka darzana kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya aura rAjazekhara ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM eka mukhya aMtara isa bAta kolekara hai ki darzanoM ke prastutikaraNa meM jahAM haribhadra jainadarzana kocauthA sthAna dete haiM, vahAM rAjazekhara jainadarzana ko prathama sthAna dete haiN| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra sambhavataH isakA kAraNa yaha hosakatA hai ki rAjazekhara apanesamakAlIna dArzanikoM ke abhinivezayukta prabhAva se apanekodUra nahIM rakha sake /

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127 paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kI sUcanA ke anusAra rAjazekhara ke kAla kA hI eka anya darzana-saMgrAhaka graMtha AcArya merutuMgakRta SaDdarzananirNaya' haiM / isa graMtha meM merutuMga nejaina, bauddha, mImAMsA, sAMkhya, nyAya aura vaizeSika- ina cha: darzanoM kI mImAMsA kI hai, kiMtu isa kRti meM haribhadra jaisI udAratA nahIM hai| yaha mukhyatayA jainamata kI sthApanA aura anya matoM ke khaNDana ke lie likhA gayA hai| isakI ekamAtra vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM mahAbhArata, smRti, purANa Adi ke AdhAra para jainamata kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| paM.dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA neSaDdarzanasamuccaya kI prastAvanA meM isa bAta kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki somatilakasUrikRta 'SaDdarzana-samuccaya' kI vRtti ke aMta meM ajJAtakRta eka kRti mudrita hai / isameM bhI jaina, nyAya, bauddha, vaizeSika, jaiminIya, sAMkhya aura cArvAka- aisesAta darzanoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai, kiMtu aMta meM anya darzanoM kodunaya kI koTi meM rakhakara jainadarzana koucca zreNI meM rakhA gyaahai| isprkaaruskaalekhkbhiiapnekosaamprdaayikabhiniveshseduurnhiiNrkhskaa| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhatehaiM ki darzana-saMgrAhakagraMthoM kI racanA meM bhAratIya itihAsa meM haribhadra hI ekamAtra aisevyakti haiM jinhoMneniSpakSa bhAva seaura pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha apanegraMtha meM anya darzanoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| isa kSetra meM veabhI taka advitIya haiN| samIkSA meM ziSTabhASA kA prayogaaura anyadharmapravartakoM ke prati bahumAna . darzana ke kSetra meM apanI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI puSTi tathA virodhI avadhAraNAoM ke khaNDana ke prayatna atyaMta prAcInakAla sehoterhehaiN| pratyeka darzana apanemaMtavyoM kI puSTi ke lie anya dArzanika matoM kI samAlocanA karatA hai| svapakSa kA maNDana tathA parapakSa kA khaNDana- yaha dArzanikoM kI sAmAnya pravRtti rahI hai| haribhadra bhI isake apavAda nahIM haiN| phira bhI unakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki anya dArzanika matoM kI samIkSA meM vesadaiva hI ziSTa bhASA kA prayoga karatehaiM tathA virodhI darzanoM ke pravartakoM ke lie bhI bahumAna pradarzita krtehaiN| dArzanika samIkSAoM ke kSetra meM eka yuga aisA rahA hai, jisameM anya dArzanika paramparAoM kona kevala bhraSTa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA thA, apitu unake pravartakoM kA upahAsa bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| jaina aura jainetara donoM hI paramparAeM isa pravRtti seapanekomukta nahIM rakha skiiN| jaina paramparA ke siddhasena divAkara, samantabhadra Adi diggaja dArzanika bhI jaba anya dArzanika paramparAoM kI samIkSA

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128 karate haiM tona kevala una paramparAoM kI mAnyatAoM ke prati, apitu unake pravarttakoM ke prati bhI cuTIlevyaMgya kasa dete haiM / haribhadra svayaM bhI apanelekhana ke prArambhika kAla meM isa pravRtti ke apavAda nahIM rahe haiN| jaina AgamoM kI TIkA meM aura dhUrtAkhyAna jaise graMthoM kI racanA meM vesvayaM bhI isa prakAra ke cuTInevyaMgya kasate haiM, kiMtu hama dekhate haiM ki vidvattA kI praur3hatA ke sAtha haribhadra meM dhIre-dhIreyaha pravRtti lupta hojAtI hai aura apaneparavartI graMthoM meM ve anya paramparAoM aura unake pravarttakoM ke prati atyaMta ziSTa bhASA kA prayoga karatehaiM tathA unake prati bahumAna sUcita karate haiM / isake kucha udAharaNa hameM unake graMtha 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM dekhanekomila jAte haiN| apane graMtha 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' ke prArambha meM hI graMtha-racanA kA uddezya spaSTa karate hue velikhate haiM - yaM zrutvA sarvazAstreSu prAyastattvavinizcayaH / jAyatedveSazamanaH svargasiddhisukhAvahaH // arthAt isakA adhyayana karanese anya darzanoM ke prati dveSa - buddhi samApta hokara tattva kA bodha hojAtA hai| isa graMtha meM vekapila kodivya puruSa evaM mahAmuni ke rUpa meM sUcita karate haiM- kapilo divyohi sa mahAmuniH (zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 237 ) / isI prakAra vebuddha kobhI arhat, mahAmuniH suvaidya Adi vizeSaNoM se abhihita karate haiMyatobuddho mahAmuniH suvaidyavat (vahI, 465-466 ) / yahAM hama dekhate haiM ki jahAM eka ora anya dArzanika apanevirodhI dArzanikoM kA khulakara parihAsa karate haiM - nyAyadarzana ke praNetA maharSi gautama kogAya kA bachar3A yA bela aura maharSi kaNAda koullU kahate haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora haribhadra apanevirodhiyoM ke lie mahAmuni aura arhat jaise sammAna sUcaka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga karate haiN| 'zAstravArtA - samuccaya' meM yadyapi anya dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI spaSTa samAlocanA hai, kiMtu sampUrNa graMtha meM aisA koI bhI udAharaNa nahIM milatA jahAM haribhadra neziSTatA kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana kiyA ho| isa prakAra haribhadra ne anya paramparAoM ke prati jisa ziSTatA aura AdarabhAva kA paricaya diyA hai, vaha hameM jaina aura jainetara kisI bhI paramparA ke anya graMthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotii| haribhadra ne anya darzanoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt unameM nihita sAratattva yA satya kosamajhanekA joprayAsa kiyA, vaha bhI atyaMta hI mahattvapUrNa hai aura unake udAracetA vyaktitva koujAgara karatA hai| yadyapi haribhadra cArvAka darzana kI samIkSA karate hue usake bhUta svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana karate haiM aura usake sthAna para karmavAda kI sthApanA karate haiN|

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129 kiMtu siddhAMta meM karma ke jodorUpa-dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma mAnegae haiM usameM eka ora bhAvakarma ke sthAna kosvIkAra nahIM karaneke kAraNa vahAM vecArvAka darzana kI samIkSA karatehaiM, vahIM dUsarI ora vedravyakarma kI avadhAraNA kosvIkAra karatehue cArvAka ke bhUta svabhAvavAda kI sArthakatA kobhI svIkAra karatehaiM aura kahatehaiM ki bhautika tattvoM kA prabhAva bhI caitanya para par3atA hai|" paM.sukhalAlajI saMghavI likhatehaiM ki haribhadra nedonoM pakSoM arthAt bauddha evaM mImAMsakoM ke anusAra karmavAda ke prasaMga meM cittavAsanA kI pramukhatA kotathA cArvAkoM ke anusAra bhautika tattva kI pramukhatA koeka-eka pakSa ke rUpa meM parasparapUraka evaM satya mAnakara kahA ki jaina karmavAda meM cArvAka aura mImAMsaka tathA bauddhoM ke maMtavyoM kAsumela huA hai|" ___ isI prakAra 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM haribhadra yadyapi nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM dvArA mAnya IzvaravAda evaM jagata-kartRtvavAda kI avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA karatehaiM, kiMtu jahAM cArvAkoM, bauddhoM aura anya jaina AcAryoM neina avadhAraNAoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai, vahAM haribhadra inakI bhI sArthakatA kosvIkAra krtehaiN| haribhadra neIzvaravAda kI avadhAraNA meM bhI kucha mahattvapUrNa tathyoM kodekhanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| prathama toyaha ki manuSya meM kaSTa ke samaya svAbhAvika rUpa sekisI aisI zakti ke prati zraddhA aura prapatti kI bhAvanA hotI hai, jisake dvArA vaha apanemeM AtmavizvAsa jAgRta kara ske| paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI likhatehaiM ki mAnava mana kI prapatti yA zaraNAgati kI yaha bhAvanA mUla meM asatya tonahIM kahI jA sktii| unakI isa apekSA koThesa na pahuMcetathA tarka va buddhivAda ke sAtha IzvaravAdI avadhAraNA kA samanvaya bhI ho, isalie unhoMne(haribhadra ne) Izvara-kartRvyavAda kI avadhAraNA koapaneDhaMga sespaSTa karanekA prayatna kiyA hai|" haribhadra kahatehaiM ki jovyakti AdhyAtmika nirmalatA ke phalasvarUpa apanevikAsa kI uccatamabhUmikA koprApta hoki vaha asAdhAraNaAtmA hai aura vahI Izvara yA siddha puruSa hai| usa Adarza svarUpa koprApta karaneke kAraNa kartA tathA bhakti kA viSaya honeke kAraNa upAsya hai|" isake sAtha hI haribhadra yaha bhI mAnatehaiM ki pratyeka jIva tattvataH apanezuddha rUpa meM paramAtmA aura apanebhaviSya kA nirmAtA hai aura isa dRSTi seyadi vicAra kareM tovaha 'Izvara' bhI hai aura 'kartA' bhI hai| isa prakAra Izvara-kartRtvavAda bhI samIcIna hI siddha hotA hai|" haribhadra sAMkhyoM ke prakRtivAda kI bhI samIkSA karatehaiM, kiMtu veprakRti kojaina paramparA meM svIkRta karmaprakRti ke rUpa meM dekhtehaiN| velikhatehaiM ki 'satya nyApa

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___130 kI dRSTi seprakRti karma-prakRti hI hai aura isa rUpa meM prakRtivAda bhI ucita hai, kyoMki usake vaktA kapila divya-puruSa aura mahAmuni haiN|" 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM haribhadra nebauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kI bhI samIkSA kI hai, kiMtu veina dhAraNAoM meM nihita satya kobhI dekhanekA prayatna karatehaiM aura kahatehaiM ki mahAmuni aura arhat buddha uddezyahIna hokara kisI siddhAMta kA upadeza nahIM krte| unhoMnekSaNikavAda kA upadeza padArtha ke prati hamArI Asakti ke nivAraNa ke lie hI diyA hai, kyoMki jaba vastu kA anitya aura vinAzazIla svarUpa samajha meM AjAtA hai tousake prati Asakti gaharI nahIM hotii| isI prakAra vijJAnavAda kA upadezabhI bAhya padArthoM ke prati tRSNA kosamApta karaneke lie hI hai| yadi saba kucha citta ke vikalpa haiM aura bAhya rUpa satya nahIM hai tounake prati tRSNA utpanna hI nahIM hogii| isI prakAra kucha sAdhakoM kI manobhUmikA kodhyAna meM rakhakara saMsAra kI nissAratA kA bodha karAneke liezUnyavAda kA upadeza diyA hai|" isa prakAra haribhadra kI dRSTi meM bauddha darzana kekSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda aurazUnyavAda- ina tInoM siddhAMtoM kA mUla uddezya yahI hai ki vyaktikIjagat ke prati utpanna honevAlI tRssnnaakaaprhaannho| advaitavAda kI samIkSA karatehue haribhadra spaSTa rUpa seyaha batAtehaiM ki sAmAnya kI dRSTi setoadvaita kI avadhAraNA bhI satya hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha veyaha bhI batAtehaiM ki viSamatA ke nivAraNa ke lie aura samabhAva kI sthApanA ke lie advaita kI bhUmikA bhI Avazyaka hai| advaita parAepana kI bhAvanA kA niSedha karatA hai, isa prakAra dveSa kA upazamana karatA hai| ataH vaha bhI asatya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI prakAra advaita vedAMta kejJAnamArga kobhI vesamIcIna hI svIkAra krtehaiN|" uparyukta vivecana seyaha spaSTa hojAtA hai ki anya dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA kA unakA prayatna samIkSA ke lie na hokara una dArzanika paramparAoM kI satyatA ke mUlyAMkana ke lie hI hai| svayaM unhoMne zAstravArtAsamuccaya' ke prAkkathana meM yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki prastuta graMtha kA uddezya anya paramparAoM ke prati dveSa kA upazamana karanA aura satya kA bodha karanA hai / uparyukta vivaraNa seyaha spaSTa hai ki unhoMne ImAnadArI sepratyeka dArzanika mAnyatA ke mUlabhUta uddezyoM kosamajhAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai aura isa prakAra veAlocaka ke sthAna para satya ke gaveSaka hI adhika pratIta hotehaiN|

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131 anya darzanoM ke gambhIra adhyetA evaM niSpakSa vyAkhyAkAra bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM apaneseitara paramparAoM ke gambhIra adhyayana kI pravRtti prArambha meM hameM dRSTigata nahIM hotI hai| bAdarAyaNa, jaimini Adi diggaja vidvAn bhI jaba darzanoM kI samAlocanA karate haiM, toaisA lagatA hai ki vedUsaredarzanoM ko apanesatahI jJAna ke AdhAra para bhrAntarUpa meM prastuta karake unakA khaNDana kara dete haiN| yaha satya hai ki anaikAntika evaM samanvayAtmaka dRSTi ke kAraNa anya darzanoM ke gambhIra adhyayana kI paramparA kA vikAsa sarvaprathama jaina dArzanikoM nehI kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki haribhadra samAlocya pratyeka darzana kA ImAnadArIpUrvaka gambhIra adhyayana kiyA thA, kyoMki isake binA vena touna darzanoM meM nihita satyoM kosamajhA sakatethe, na unakI svastha samIkSA hI kara sakatethe aura na unakA jaina maMtavyoM ke sAtha samanvaya kara sakate the| haribhadra anya darzanoM ke adhyayana taka hI sImita nahIM rahe, apitu unhoMneunake kucha mahattvapUrNa graMthoM para taTastha bhAva seTIkAeM bhI likhiiN| diMganAga ke 'nyAyapraveza' para unakI TIkA mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI haiN| pataMjali ke 'yogasUtra' kA unakA adhyayana bhI kAphI gambhIra pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki unhoMneusI ke AdhAra para navIna dRSTikoNa seyogadRSTisamuccaya, yogabiMdu, yogaviMzikA Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI thii| isa prakAra haribhadra jaina aura jainetara paramparAoM ke eka ImAnadAra adhyetA evaM vyAkhyAkAra bhI haiN| jisa prakAra prazastapAda nedarzana graMthoM kI TIkA likhatesamaya tad- tad darzanoM ke maMtavyoM kA anusaraNa karatehue taTastha bhAva rakhA, usI prakAra haribhadra nebhI itara paramparAoM kA vivecana karatesamaya taTastha bhAva rakhA hai| aMdhavizvAsoM kA nirbhIka rUpa sekhaNDana yadyapi haribhadra anya dhArmika evaM dArzanika paramparAoM ke prati eka udAra aura sahiSNu dRSTikoNa ko lekara calatehaiM, kiMtu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki veunake atarkasaMgata aMdhavizvAsoM koprazraya dete haiN| eka ora veanya paramparAoM ke prati AdarabhAva rakhate hue unameM nihita satyoM kosvIkAra karate haiM, todUsarI ora unameM pala rahe aMdhavizvAsoM kA nirbhIka rUpa sekhaNDana bhI karate haiN| isa dRSTi se unakI doracanAeM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa haiM- (1) dhUrtAkhyAna aura (2) dvijavadanacapeTikA / 'dhUrtAkhyAna' meM unhoMne paurANika paramparAoM meM pala rahe aMdhavizvAsoM kA sacoTa nirasana kiyA hai| haribhadra ne dhUrtAkhyAna meM vaidika paramparA meM vikasita isa dhAraNA kA khaNDana kiyA hai ki

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132 brahmA ke mukha se brAhmaNa, bAhu sekSatriya, peTa sevaizya tathA paira sezUdra utpanna hue haiN| isI prakAra kucha paurANika mAnyatAoM yathA - zaMkara ke dvArA apanI jaTAoM meM gaMgA kosamA lenA, vAyu ke dvArA hanumAna kA janma, sUrya ke dvArA kuntI sekarNa kA janma, hanumAna ke dvArA pUreparvata kouThA lAnA, vAnaroM ke dvArA setu bAMdhanA, zrIkRSNa ke dvArA govardhana parvata dhAraNa karanA, gaNeza kA pArvatI ke zarIra ke maila seutpanna honA, pArvatI kA himAlaya kI putrI honA Adi aneka paurANika mAnyatAoM kA vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meM nirasana kiyA hai| haribhadra dhUrtAkhyAna kI kathA ke mAdhyama sekucha kAlpanika bAteM prastuta karate haiM aura phira kahate haiM ki yadi purANoM meM kahI gaI uparyukta bAteM satya haiM toyesatya kyoM nahIM hosktiiN| isa prakAra dhUrtAkhyAna meM vevyaMgyAtmaka kiMtu ziSTa zailI meM paurANika mithyA-vizvAsoM kI samIkSA karate haiN| isI prakAra dvijavadanacapeTikA meM bhI unhoMne brAhmaNa paramparA meM pala rahI mithyA dhAraNAoM evaM varNa-vyavasthA kA sacoTa khaNDana kiyA hai| haribhadra satya ke samarthaka haiM, kiMtu aMdhavizvAsoM evaM mithyA mAnyatAoM ke ve kaThora samIkSaka bhii| - tarka yA buddhivAda kA samarthana haribhadra meM yadyapi eka dhArmika kI zraddhA hai kiMtu ve zraddhA kotarka - virodhI nahIM mAnate haiN| unake lie tarkarahita zraddhA upAdeya nahIM hai| vespaSTa rUpa sekahate haiM ki na tomahAvIra ke prati merA koI rAga hai aura na kapila Adi ke prati koI dveSa hI hai - pakSapAtona mevIrena dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH // - lokatattvanirNaya, 38 unake kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki satya ke gaveSaka aura sAdhanA ke pathika kopUrvAgrahoM se yukta hokara vibhinna mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karanI cAhie aura unameM jobhI yukti saMgata lageusesvIkAra karanA caahie| yadyapi isake sAtha hI vebuddhivAda sepanapanevAledoSoM ke prati bhI saceSTa haiN| vespaSTa rUpa seyaha kahate haiM ki yukti aura tarka kA upayoga kevala apanI mAnyatAoM kI puSTi ke lie hI nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhie, apitu satya kI khoja ke lie kiyA jAnA cAhie AgrahI vata ninISati yuktiM tatra yatra tasya matirniviSTA / niSpakSapAtasya tu yuktiryatra tatra tasya matireti nivezam //

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133 AgrahI vyakti apanI yukti (tarka) kA bhI prayoga vahIM karatA hai, jisevaha siddha, athavA khaNDita karanA cAhatA hai, jabaki anAgrahI yA niSpakSa vyakti jouseyuktisaMgata lagatA hai, usesvIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra haribhadra na kevala yukti yA tarka ke samarthaka haiM, kiMtu veyaha bhI spaSTa karatehaiM ki tarka yA yukti kA prayoga apanI mAnyatAoM kI puSTi yA apanevirodhI mAnyatAoM ke khaNDana ke lie na karake satya kI gaveSaNA ke lie karanA cAhie aura jahAM bhI satya parilakSita housesvIkAra karanA caahie| isI prakAra vezuSka tArkika nahokara satyaniSTha tArkika haiN| karmakANDa ke sthAna para sadAcAra para bala haribhadra kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMnedharma sAdhanA kokarmakANDa ke sthAna para AdhyAtmika pavitratA aura cAritrika nirmalatA ke sAtha jor3anekA prayAsa kiyA hai| yadyapi jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA ke aMgoM ke rUpa meM darzana (zraddhA), jJAna aura cAritra (zIla) kosvIkAra kiyA gayA hai| haribhadra bhI dharma-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM ina tInoM kA sthAna svIkAra karatehaiM, kiMtu veyaha mAnatehaiM ki na tozraddhA koaMdhazraddhA bananA cAhie, na jJAna kokutarka Azrita honA cAhie aura na AcAra kokevala bAhyakarmakANDoM taka sImita rakhanA caahie| vekahatehaiM ki 'jina' para merI zraddhA kA kAraNa rAga-bhAva nahIM hai, apitu unake upadeza kI yuktisaMgatatA hai| isa prakAra vezraddhA ke sAtha buddhi kojor3atehaiM, kiMtu nirA tarka bhI unheM iSTa nahIM hai| vekahatehaiM ki tarka kA vAgjAla vastutaH eka vikRti hai johamArI zraddhA evaM mAnasika zAMti kobhaMga karanevAlA hai| vaha jJAna kA abhimAna utpanna karaneke kAraNabhAva-zatru hai| isalie mukti ke icchuka kotarka ke vAgjAla seapanekomukta rakhanA caahie|21 vastutaH vesamyagjJAna aura tarka meM eka aMtara sthApita krtehaiN| tarka kevala vikalpoM kA sRjana karatA hai, ataH unakI dRSTi meM nirI tArkikatAAdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka hI hai| zAstra-vArtAsamuccaya' meM unhoMnedharma ke dovibhAga kie haiM- eka saMjJAna-yoga aura dUsarA puNya-lakSaNA22 jJAnayoga vastutaH zAzvata satyoM kI aparokSAnubhUti hai aura isa prakAra vaha tArkika jJAna sebhinna hai| haribhadra ke anusAra aMdhazraddhA semukta honeke lie tarka evaM yukti kosatya kA gaveSaka honA cAhie, na ki khaNDana-maNDanAtmakA khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka tarka yA yukti sAdhanA ke kSetra meM upayogI nahIM hai, isa tathya kI vistRta carcA unhoMneapanegraMtha yogadRSTisamuccaya meM kI hai|23 isI prakAra dhArmika AcAra kobhI vezuSka karmakANDa

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134 sepRthak rakhanA caahtehaiN| yadyapi haribhadra nekarmakANDaparaka graMtha likhehaiM, kiMtu paM. sukhalAla saMghavI nepratiSThAkalpa Adi koharibhadra dvArA racita mAnanemeM saMdeha vyakta kiyA hai| haribhadra ke samasta upadezAtmaka sAhitya, zrAvaka evaM muni - AcAra sesambaMdhita sAhitya kodekhaneseaisA lagatA hai ki vedhArmika jIvana ke lie sadAcAra para hI adhika bala detehaiN| unhoMne apanegraMthoM meM AcAra sambaMdhI jina bAtoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai vebhI mukhyatayA vyakti kI cAritrika nirmalatA aura kaSAyoM ke upazamana ke nimitta hI haiN| jIvana meM kaSAeM upazAMta hoM, samabhAva sadheyahI unakI dRSTi meM sAdhanA kA mukhya uddezya hai| dharma ke nAma para panapanevAlethothekarmakANDa evaM chadya jIvana kI unhoMnekhulakara niMdA kI hai aura muniveza meM aihikatA kA poSaNa karanevAloM ko Ar3e hAthoM liyA hai, unakI dRSTi meM dharma sAdhanA kA artha hai - adhyAtmaM bhAvanA dhyAnaM samatA vRttisaMkSayaH / mokSeNa yojanAdyoga eSa zreSThoyathottaram // - yogabindu, 31 sAdhanAgata vividhatA meM ekatA kA darzana dharma sAdhanA ke kSetra meM upalabdha vividhatAoM kA bhI unhoMnesamyak samAdhAna khojA hai| jisa prakAra 'gItA' meM vividha devoM kI upAsanA koyuktisaMgata siddha karanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra haribhadra nebhI sAdhanAgata vividhatAoM ke bIca eka samanvaya sthApita karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| velikhate haiM ki jisa prakAra rAjA ke vibhinna sevaka apane AcAra aura vyavahAra meM alaga-alaga hokara bhI rAjA ke sevaka haiM - usI prakAra sarvajJoM dvArA pratipAdita AcAra-paddhatiyAM bAhyataH bhinna-bhinna hokara bhI tattvataH eka hI haiN| sarvajJoM kI dezanA meM nAma Adi kA bheda hotA hai, tattvataH bheda nahIM hotA hai | 24 haribhadra kI dRSTi meM AcAragata aura sAdhanAgata jobhinnatA hai vaha mukhya rUpa sedoAdhAroM para hai| eka sAdhakoM kI rucigata vibhinnatA ke AdhAra para aura dUsarI nAmoM kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra pr| vespaSTa rUpa sekahate haiM ki RSiyoM ke upadeza meM jobhinnatA hai vaha upAsakoM kI yogyatA ke AdhAra para hai| jisa prakAra vaidya alaga-alaga vyaktiyoM kounakI prakRti kI bhinnatA aura roga kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para alaga-alaga auSadhi pradAna karatA hai, usI prakAra mahAtmAjana bhI saMsArarUpI vyAdhi haraNa karane hetu sAdhakoM kI prakRti ke anurUpa sAdhanA kI bhinna-bhinna vidhiyAM batAte haiN| 25 vepunaH kahatehaiM ki RSiyoM ke upadeza kI bhinnatA, upAsakoM kI prakRtigata bhinnatA athavA

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135 dezakAlagata bhinnatA ke AdhAra para hokara tattvataH eka hI hotI hai| 26 vastutaH viSayavAsanAoM se AkrAnta logoM ke dvArA RSiyoM kI sAdhanAgata vividhatA ke AdhAra para svayaM dharma-sAdhanA kI upAdeyatA para koI praznacihna lagAnA anucita hI hai| vastutaH haribhadra kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki dharma - sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bAhya AcAragata bhinnatA yA upAsya kI nAmagata bhinnatA bahuta mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / mahattvapUrNa yaha hai ki vyakti apane jIvana meM vAsanAoM kA kitanA zamana kara sakA hai, usakI kaSAeM kitanI zAMta huI haiM aura usake jIvana meM samabhAva aura anAsakti kitanI sadhI hai| mokSa ke sambaMdha meM udAra dRSTikoNa haribhadra anya dharmAcAryoM ke samAna yaha abhiniveza nahIM rakhate haiM ki mukti kevala hamArI sAdhanA paddhati yA hamAredharma sehI hogii| unakI dRSTi meM mukti kevala hamAre dharma meM hai - aisI avadhAraNA hI bhrAnta hai / vespaSTa rUpa sekahate haiM ki - - nAsAmbaratvena sitAmbaratve, na tarkavAdena ca tattvavAde / na pakSasevAzrayena mukti, kaSAya mukti kila muktireva // arthAt mukti na tosapheda vastra pahananesehotI hai, na digambara rahanese, tArkika vAda-vivAda aura tattvacarcA sebhI mukti prApta nahIM hosktii| kisI eka siddhAMta vizeSa meM AsthA rakhaneyA kisI vyakti vizeSa kI sevA karanese bhI mukti asambhava hai| mukti tovastutaH kaSAyoM arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha semukta hone se hai| vespaSTa rUpa seisa bAta kA pratipAdana karate haiM ki mukti kA AdhAra koI dharma, sampradAya athavA vizeSa vezabhUSA nahIM hai| vastutaH jovyakti samabhAva kI sAdhanA karegA, vItarAga dazA prApta karegA, vaha mukta hogaa| unake zabdoM meM - seyaMbaroya AsaMbaroya buddhoya ahava aNNovA / samabhAvabhAvi appA lahai mukkhaM na saMdeho / arthAt jobhI samabhAva kI sAdhanA karegA vaha nizcita hI mokSa ko prApta karegA, phira cAhe vaha zvetAmbara hoyA digambara ho, bauddha hoyA anya kisI dharma komAnanevAlA ho / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM upAsya kA nAma- -bheda mahattvapUrNa nahIM haribhadra kI dRSTi meM ArAdhya ke nAma-bhedoM kolekara dharma ke kSetra meM vivAda

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136 _karanA ucita nahIM hai| lokatattvanirNaya meM vekahatehaiM yasyaanikhilAzca doSAnasanti sarveguNAzca vidynte| brahmAvA viSNurvA harojinovA nmstsmai|| vastutaH jisake sabhI doSa vinaSTa hocuke haiM aura jinameM sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiM phira usecAhebrahmA kahA jAe, cAheviSNu, cAhejina kahA jAe, usameM bheda nhiiN| sabhI dharma aura darzanoM meM usa paramatattvayAparamasattA korAga-dveSa, tRSNAaura Asakti serahita viSaya-vAsanAoM seU para uThI huI pUrNaprajJa tathA parama kAruNika mAnA gayA hai, kiMtu hamArI dRSTi usa paramatattva ke mUlabhUta svarUpa para na hokara nAmoM para TikI hotI hai aura isI ke AdhAra para hama vivAda krtehaiN| jaba ki yaha nAmoM kA bheda apaneApa meM koI artha nahIM rakhatA hai| yogadRSTisamuccaya meM velikhatehaiM ki. sadAzivaH parabrahma siddhAtmA tthtetic| zabdestad ucyate'nvarthAd eka evaivmaadibhiH|| arthAt sadAziva, paramabrahma, siddhAtmA, tathAgata Adi nAmoM meM kevala zabda bheda haiM, unakA artha toeka hI hai| vastutaH yaha nAmoM kA vivAda tabhI taka rahatA hai jaba taka hama usa AdhyAtmika sattA kI anubhUti nahIM kara paatehaiN| vyakti taba vItarAga, vItatRSNA yA anAsakti kI bhUmikA kA sparza karatA hai taba usake sAmanenAmoM kA yaha vivAda nirarthaka hojAtA hai| vastutaH ArAdhya senAmoM kI bhinnatA bhASAgata bhinnatA hai, svarUpagata bhinnatA nhiiN| joina nAmoM ke vivAdoM meM ulajhatA hai, vaha anubhUti sevaMcita hojAtA hai| vekahatehaiM ki jousa paramatattva kI anubhUti kara letA hai usake lie yaha zabdagata samasta vivAda nirarthaka hojaatehaiN| isa prakAra hama dekhatehaiM ki udAracetA, samanvayazIla aura satyaniSTha AcAryoM meM haribhadra ke samatulya kisI anya AcArya kokhoja pAnA kaThina hai| apanI ina vizeSatAoM ke kAraNabhAratIya dArzanikoM ke itihAsa meM veadvitIya aura anupama haiN| krAMtadarzIsamAlocaka: jaina paramparA ke saMdarbha meM haribhadra ke vyaktitva ke sambaMdha meM yaha ukti adhika sArthaka hai- 'kusumoM seadhika komala aura vajra seadhika kttho|' unake ciMtana meM eka ora udAratA hai, samanvayazIlatA hai, apanepratipakSI ke satya kosamajhaneaura svIkAra karanekA vinamra

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137 prayAsa hai todUsarI ora asatya aura anAcAra ke prati tIvra Akroza bhI hai| durAgraha aura durAcAra phira cAhevaha apanedharma-sampradAya meM hoyA apanevirodhI ke, unakI samAlocanA kA viSaya banebinA nahIM rahatA hai| veudAra haiM, kiMtu satyAgrahI bhii| vesamanvayazIla haiM, kiMtu samAlocaka bhii| vastutaH eka satya-draSTA meM yedonoM tattva svAbhAvika rUpa sehI upasthita hotehaiN| jaba vaha satya kI khoja karatA hai toeka ora satya ko, cAhephira vaha usake apanedharma-sampradAya meM hoyA usake pratipakSI meM, vaha sadAzayatApUrvaka usesvIkAra karatA hai, kiMtu dUsarI ora asatya ko, cAhephira vaha usake apanedharma-sampradAya meM hoyA usake pratipakSI meM , vaha sAhasapUrvaka usenakAratA hai| haribhadra ke vyaktitva kA yahI satyAgrahI svarUpa unakI udAratA aura krAMtikAritA kA utsa hai| pUrva meM maineharibhadra ke udAra aura samanvayazIla pakSa kI vizeSa rUpa secarcA kI thI, aba maiM unakI krAMtidharmitA kI carcA karanA caahuuNgaa| krAntadarzI haribhadra haribhadra dharma-darzana meM krAMtikArI tattva vaisetounake sabhI graMthoM meM kahIM na kahIM dikhAI detehaiM, phira bhI zAstravArtAsamuccaya, dhUrtAkhyAna aura sambodhaprakaraNa meM vevizeSarUpa separilakSita hotehaiN| jahAM zAstravArtAsamuccaya aura dhUrtAkhyAna meM vedUsaroM kI kamiyoM koujAgara karatehaiM vahIM sambodhaprakaraNa meM apanepakSa kI samIkSA karatehue usakI kamiyoM kA bhI nirbhIka rUpasecitraNa krtehaiN| haribhadra apaneyuga ke dharma-sampradAyoM meM upasthita aMtara aura bAhya ke dvaita koujAgara karatehue kahatehaiM , loga dharma-mArga kI bAteM karatehaiM, kiMtu sabhI tousa dharma-mArga serahita haiN"'| mAtra bAharI kriyAkANDadharma nahIM hai| dharma tovahAM hotA hai jahAM paramAtma-tattva kI gaveSaNA ho| dUsarezabdoM meM, jahAM AtmAnubhUti ho, 'sva' kojAnaneaura pAnekA prayAsa ho| jahAM paramAtma-tattva kojAnaneaura pAnekA prayAsa nahIM hai vahAM dharma-mArga nahIM hai| vekahatehaiM- jisameM paramAtma-tattva kI mArgaNA hai, paramAtmAkI khoja aura prApti hai, vahI dharma-mArga mukhya-mArga hai| AgevepunaH dharma ke marma kospaSTa karatehue likhatehaiM- jahAM viSaya-vAsanAoM kA tyAga ho, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobharUpI kaSAyoM senivRtti ho, vahI dharma-mArga hai| jisa dharma-mArga yA sAdhanA-patha meM isakA abhAva hai vaha to(haribhadra kI dRSTi meM) nAma kA dharma hai / vastutaH dharma ke nAma para jokucha huA hai aura horahA hai usake sambaMdha meM haribhadra kI yaha pIr3A marmAntaka hai| jahAM

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138 viSaya-vAsanAoM kA poSaNa hotA ho, jahAM ghRNA-dveSa aura ahaMkAra ke tattva apanI muTThI meM dharma kodabocehue hoM, usedharma kahanA dharma kI viDambanA hai| haribhadra kI dRSTi meM vaha dharma nahIM, apitu dharma ke nAma para dharma kA AvaraNa DAlehue kucha anya arthAt adharma hI hai| viSaya-vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM arthAt krodhAdi duSpravRttiyoM ke tyAga ke atirikta dharma kA anya koI rUpa hohI nahIM sakatA hai| una sabhI logoM kI, jodharma ke nAma para apanI vAsanAoM aura ahaMkAra ke poSaNa kA prayatna karatehaiM aura mokSa koapaneadhikAra kI vastu mAnakara yaha kahatehaiM ki mokSa kevala hamAredharma-mArga kA AcaraNa karanesehogA, samIkSA karatehue haribhadra yahAM taka kaha detehaiM ki dharma-mArga kisI eka sampradAya kI bapautI nahIM hai, jobhI samabhAva kI sAdhanA karegA vaha mukta hogA, vaha cAhezvetAmbara hoyA digambara, bauddha hoyA anya koI / vastutaH usa yuga meM jaba sAmpradAyika durabhinivezaAja kI bhAMti hI apanecarama sImA para the, yaha kahanAna kevala haribhadra kI udAratA kI sadAzayatA kA pratIka hai, apitu unake eka krAntadarzI AcArya honekA pramANa bhI hai| unhoMnejaina-paramparA ke nikSepa ke siddhAMta koAdhAra banAkara dharmakobhIcArabhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA" (1) nAmadharma - dharma kA vaha rUpa jodharma kahalAtA hai, kiMtu jisameM dhArmikatA kA koI lakSaNa nahIM hai| vaha dharmatattvaserahita mAtra nAma kA dharma hai| (2) sthApanAdharma - jina kriyAkANDoM kodharma mAna liyA jAtA hai, vevastutaH dharma nahIM dhArmikatA ke paricAyaka bAhya rUpa mAtra haiN| pUjA, tapa Adi dharma ke pratIka haiM, kiMtu bhAvanA ke abhAva meM vevastutaH dharma nahIM haiN| bhAvanArahita mAtra kriyAkANDasthApanA dharma hai| (3) dravyadharma - veAcAra-paramparAeM jokabhI dharma thIM yA dhArmika samajhI jAtI thIM, kiMtu vartamAna saMdarbha meM dharma nahIM haiN| tattvazUnya aprAsaMgika banI dharma paramparAeM hI dravyadharma haiN| (4) bhAvadharma - jovastutaH dharma hai vahI bhAva dharma hai| yathA-samabhAva kI sAdhanA, viSayakaSAyasenivRttiAdibhAvadharma haiN| haribhadra dharma ke ina cAra rUpoM meM bhAvadharma kohI pradhAna maantehaiN| vekahatehaiM ki jisa prakAra takrAdi ke saMyoga, maMthana kI prakriyA aura agni dvArA paritApana ke phalasvarUpa dUdha rUpI AtmA ghRta rUpa paramAtmatattva koprApta hotA hai| 32 vespaSTa rUpa

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139 sekahatehaiM ki yaha jobhAgavata dharma hai, vahI vizuddhi kA hetu hai|" yadyapiharibhadra ke isa kathana kA yaha Azaya bhI nahIM lenA cAhie ki haribhadra karmakANDa ke pUrNataH virodhI haiN| unhoMnesvayaM hI sambodhaprakaraNa kI lagabhaga 50-60 gAthAoM meM Atmazuddhi-nimitta jinapUjA aura usameM honevAlI AzAtanAoM kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| mAtra unakA pratipAdya yaha hai ki ina karmakANDoM kA mUlya bhAvanA-zuddhi ke AdhAra para hI nirdhArita hotA hai| yadi dhArmika jIvana meM vAsanA aura kaSAyoM kA zamana aura Atma-vizuddhi nahIM hotI hai tokarmakANDa kA koI mUlya nahIM raha jAtA hai| vastutaH haribhadra sAdhya kI upalabdhi ke AdhAra para hI sAdhana kA mUlyAMkana krtehaiN| veuna vicArakoM meM se haiM jinheM dharma ke marma kI pahacAna hai, ataH vedharma ke nAma para DhoMga, ADambara aura lokaiSaNA kI pUrti ke prayatnoM kokoI sthAna nahIM denA caahtehaiN| yahI unakI krAntadharmitA hai| haribhadra ke yuga meM jaina-paramparA meM caityavAsa kA vikAsa hocukA thaa| apaneApakozramaNa aura tyAgI kahanevAlA munivarga jinapUjA aura maMdira-nirmANa ke nAma para na kevala parigraha kA saMcaya kara rahA thA, apitu jinadravya (jina pratimA kosamarpita dravya) kA apanI viSaya-vAsanAoM kI pUrti meM upayoga bhI kara rahA thaa| jina-pratimA aura jina-maMdira tathAkathita zramaNoM kI dhyAna-bhUmi yA sAdhanA-bhUmi na banakara bhoga-bhUmi bana rhethe| haribhadra jaisekrAMtidarzIAcArya ke lie yaha saba dekha pAnA sambhava nahIM thA, ataH unhoMneisake virodha meM apanI kalama calAnekA nirNaya liyaa| velikhatehaiM- dravya-pUjA togRhasthoM ke lie hai, muni ke lie tokevala bhAva-pUjA hai| jokevala muni vezadhArI haiM, muni-AcAra kA pAlana nahIM karatehaiM, unake lie dravyapUjA jina-pravacana kI niMdA kA kAraNa honeseucita nahIM hai (sambodhaprakaraNa, 1/273) / vastutaH yahAM haribhadra nemaMdira-nirmANa, pratiSThA, pUjA Adi kAryoM meM ulajhanepara muni-varga kA jopatana hosakatA thA, usakA pUrvAnumAna kara liyA thA yati saMsthA ke vikAsa seunakA yaha anumAna satya hI siddha huaa| isa sambaMdha meM unhoMnejokucha likhA usameM eka ora unake yuga ke samAja ke prati unakI Atma-pIr3A mukhara horahI hai, todUsarI ora usameM eka dharmakrAMti kA svara bhI sunAI derahA hai| jinadravya koapanI vAsanA-pUrti kA sAdhana banAnevAleuna zrAvakoM evaM tathAkathita zramaNoM kolalakAratehue vekahatehaiM- jozrAvaka jina-pravacana aura jJAna-darzana guNoM kI prabhAvanA aura vRddhi karanevAlejina-dravya kA jinAjJA ke viparIta upayoga karatehaiM,

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140 dohana karatehaiM athavA bhakSaNa karatehaiM, vekramazaH bhavasamudra meM bhramaNa karanevAle, durgati meM jAnevAleaura ananta saMsArI hotehaiN|" isI prakAra josAdhu jinadravya kA bhojana karatA hai vaha prAyazcit kA pAtra hai| vastutaH yaha saba isa tathya kAbhIsUcaka hai ki usa yuga meM dharma sAdhanA kA mAdhyama na rahakara vAsanA-pUrti kA mAdhyama bana rahA thaa| ataH haribhadra jaiseprabuddha AcArya ke lie usake prati saMgharSa karanA Avazyaka hogyaa| sambodhaprakaraNa meM haribhadra neapaneyuga ke jaina sAdhuoM kA jocitraNa kiyA hai vaha eka ora jaina dharma meM sAdhu-jIvana ke nAma para jokucha horahA thA usake prati haribhadra kI pIr3A kopradarzita karatA hai, todUsarI ora yaha bhI batAtA hai ki haribhadra tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke mUka darzaka aura taTastha samIkSaka hI nahIM the, apitu unake mana meM sAmAjika aura dhArmika krAMti kI eka tIvra AkAMkSAbhI thii| veapanI samAlocanA ke dvArAjanasamAja meM eka parivartana lAnA caahtethe| tatkAlIna tathAkathita zramaNoM ke AcAra-vyavahAra para kaTAkSa karatehue velikhatehaiM ki jina-pravacana meM pArzvastha, avasanna, kuzIla, saMsakta aura yathAchanna (svecchAcArI)- yepAMcoM avandanIya haiN| yadyapi yelogajaina muni kA vezadhAraNa karatehaiM, kiMtu inameM munitva kA lakSaNa nahIM hai| muni-veza dhAraNa karake bhI kyA-kyA duSkarma karatethe, isakA sajIva citraNa toveapanegraMtha sambodhaprakaraNa ke dvitIya adhikAra meM 'kuguru gurvAbhAsa pArzvastha Adi svarUpa' ke aMtargata 171 gAthAoM meM vistAra sekrtehaiN| isa saMkSipta nibaMdha meM una sabakI samagra carcA evaM vyAkhyA karanA tosambhava nahIM hai, phira bhI haribhadra kI kaThora samAlocaka dRSTi kA paricaya deneke lie kucha vivaraNa denA bhI Avazyaka hai| velikhatehaiM, yemuni-vezadhArI tathAkathita zramaNa AvAsa denevAlekA yA rAjA ke yahAM kA bhojana karatehaiM, binA kAraNa hI apanelie lAe gae bhojana kosvIkAra karatehaiM, bhikSAcaryA nahIM karatehaiM, Avazyaka karma arthAt pratikramaNa Adi zramaNa-jIvana ke anivArya karttavya kA pAlana nahIM karatehaiM, kautuka karma, bhUtakarma, bhaviSya-phla, evaM nimitta-zAstra ke mAdhyama sedhana-saMcaya karatehaiM, yeghRtamakkhana Adi vikRtiyoM kosaMcita karake khAtehaiM, sUrya-pramANa bhojI hotehaiM arthAt sUryodaya sesUryAsta taka aneka bAra khAterahatehaiM, na tosAdhU-samUha (maNDalI) meM baiThakara bhojana karatehaiM aura na kezaluMcana krtehaiN|" phira yekaratekyA haiM ? haribhadra likhatehaiM ki

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141 vesavArI meM ghUmatehaiM, akAraNa kaTi vastra bAMdhatehaiM aura sArI rAta nizceSTa hokara soterhtehaiN| na Ate-jAtesamaya pramArjana karatehaiM, na apanI upAdhi (sAmagrI) kA prati* lekhana karatehaiM aura na svAdhyAya hI krtehaiN| aneSaNIya puSpa, phUla aura peya grahaNa krtehaiN| bhoja-samArohoM meM jAkara sarasa AhAra grahaNa krtehaiN| jina-pratimA kA rakSaNa evaM kraya-vikraya krtehaiN| uccATana Adi karma krtehaiN| nitya dina meM dobAra bhojana karatehaiM tathA lavaMga, tAmbUla aura dUdha Adi vikRtiyoM kA sevana krtehaiN| vipula mAtrA meM dukUla Adi vastra, bistara, jUte, vAhana Adi rkhtehaiN| striyoM ke samakSa gIta gaatehaiN| AryikAoM ke dvArA lAI sAmagrI letehaiN| loka-pratiSThA ke lie muNDana karavAtehaiM tathA mukhavastrikA evaM rajoharaNa dhAraNa krtehaiN| caityoM meM nivAsa karatehaiM, (dravya) pUjA Adi kArya Arambha karavAtehaiM, jina-maMdira banavAtehaiM, hiraNya-suvarNa rakhatehaiM, nIca kuloM kodravya dekara unaseziSya grahaNa krtehaiN| mRtaka-kRtya nimitta jina-pUjA karavAtehaiM, mRtaka ke nimitta jina-dAna (car3hAvA) krvaatehaiN| dhana-prApti ke lie gRhasthoM ke samakSa aMga-sUtra Adi kA pravacana krtehaiN| apanehInAcArI mRta guru ke nimitta nadikarma, balikarma Adi krtehaiN| pATha-mahotsava rcaatehaiN| vyAkhyAna meM mahilAoM seapanA guNagAna krvaatehaiN| yati kevala striyoM ke sammukha aura AryikAeM kevala puruSoM ke sammukha vyAkhyAna karatI haiN| isa prakAra jina-AjJA kA apalApa kara mAtra apanI vAsanAoM kA poSaNa krtehaiN| yevyAkhyAna karake gRhasthoM sedhana kI yAcanA krtehaiN| yetojJAna ke bhI vikretA haiN| aiseAryikAoM ke sAtha rahaneaura bhojana karanevAledravya saMgrAhaka, unmArga ke pakSadhara mithyAtvaparAyaNa na tomuni kahejA sakatehaiM aura na AcArya hii|38 aiselogoM kA vaMdana karanesena tokIrti hotI hai aura na nirjarAhI, isake viparIta zarIra komAtra kaSTa aura karmabaMdhana hotA hai|" . vastutaH jisa prakAra gaMdagI meM girI huI mAlA kokoI bhI dhAraNa nahIM karatA hai, vaisehI yeapUjya haiN| haribhadra aisevezadhAriyoM kophTakAratehue kahatehaiM- yadi mahApUjanIya yati (muni) vezadhAraNa karake zuddha caritra kA pAlana tumhAreliezakya nahIM hai tophira gRhastha veza kyoM nahIM dhAraNa kara leteho? are, gRhasthaveza meM kucha pratiSThA tomilegI, kiMtu muni-veza dhAraNa karake yadi usake anurUpa AcaraNa nahIM karogetoulTe niMdA ke hI pAtra bnoge|" yaha una jaisesAhasI AcArya kA kArya hosakatA hai joapanesahavargiyoM koitanespaSTa rUpa sekucha kaha ske| jaisA ki maiMnepUrva

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142 pRSThoM meM carcA kI hai, haribhadra toitane udAra haiM ki ve apanI virodhI darzana - paramparA ke AcAryoM kobhI mahAmuni, suvaidya jaiseuttama vizeSaNoM se sambodhita karate haiM, kiMtu veutanehI kaThora honA bhI jAnate haiM, vizeSa rUpa seunake prati jodhArmikatA kA AvaraNa DAlakara bhI adhArmika haiN| aise logoM ke prati yaha krAMtikArI AcArya kahatA hai - aise duzzIla, sAdha-pizAcoM kojobhaktipUrvaka vaMdana namaskAra karatA hai, kyA vaha mahApApa nahIM hai?" are ! ina sukhazIla svacchandAcArI, mokSa - mArga ke bairI, AjJAbhraSTa sAdhuoM ko saMyati arthAt muni mata kho| are! devadravya ke bhakSaNa meM tatpara, unmArga ke pakSadhara aura sAdhujanoM kodUSita karanevAleina vezadhAriyoM kosaMgha mata kho| are, ina adharma aura anIti ke poSaka, anAcAra kA sevana karanevAle aura sAdhutA ke coroM kosaMgha mata kaho / joaise (durAcAriyoM ke samUha ) korAga yA dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara bhI saMgha kahatA hai use bhI cheda- prAyazcitta hotA hai| " haribhadra punaH kahate haiM - jinAjJA kA apalApa karanevAleina muni vezadhAriyoM ke saMgha meM rahanekI apekSA togarbhavAsa aura narakavAsa kahIM adhika zreyaskara hai| 43 44 haribhadra kI yaha zabdAvalI isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki dharma ke nAma para adharma kA poSaNa karanevAle apanehI sahavargiyoM ke prati unake mana meM kitanA vidroha evaM Akroza hai| vetatkAlIna jaina saMgha kospaSTa cetAvanI dete haiM ki aiselogoM koprazraya mata do, unakA Adara-satkAra mata karo, anyathA dharma kA yathArtha svarUpa dhUmila hojaaegaa| vekahatehaiM ki yadi Ama aura nIma kI jar3oM kA samAgama hojAe tonIma kA kucha nahIM bigar3egA, kiMtu usake saMsarga meM Ama kA avazya vinAza hojaaegaa|" vastutaH haribhadra kI yaha krAntadarzitA yathArtha hI hai, kyoMki durAcAriyoM ke sAnnidhya meM cAritrika patana kI sambhAvanA prabala hotI hai| vesvayaM kahate haiM, jojisakI mitratA karatA hai, tatkAla vaisA hojAtA hai| tila jisa phUla meM DAla die jAte haiM usI kI gaMdha ke hojAte haiM / " haribhadra isa mAdhyama se samAja kouna logoM kosatarka rahanekA nirdeza dete haiM jo dharma kA nakAba DAleadharma meM jItehaiM, kyoMki aiseloga durAcAriyoM kI apekSA bhI samAja ke lie adhika khataranAka haiN| AcArya aiselogoM para kaTAkSa karatehue kahate haiM- jisa prakAra kulavadhU kA vezyA ke ghara jAnA niSiddha hai, usI prakAra suzrAvaka ke lie hInAcArI yati kA sAnnidhya niSiddha hai| durAcArI agItArtha ke vacana sunanekI apekSA todRSTi viSa sarpa kA sAnnidhya yA halAhala viSa kA pAna kahIM adhika acchA hai (kyoMki yetoeka jIvana

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143 kA vinAza karate haiM, jabaki durAcArI kA sAnnidhya tojanma-janmAMtara kA vinAza kara detA hai)|" phira bhI aisA lagatA hai ki isa krAntadarzI AcArya kI bAta anasunI horahI thI kyoMki zithilAcAriyoM ke apanetarka the| velogoM ke sammukha kahate the ki sAmagrI (zarIra-sAmarthya) kA abhAva hai| vakra jar3oM kA kAla hai| duSamA kAla meM vidhi mArga ke anurUpa AcaraNa kaThina hai| yadi kaThora AcAra kI bAta kaheMgetokoI muni vrata dhAraNa nahIM kregaa| tIrthoccheda aura siddhAMta ke pravarttana kA prazna hai, hama kyA kreN| unake ina tarkoM seprabhAvita homUrkha jana-sAdhAraNa kaha rahA thA ki kucha bhI hoveza totIrthaMkara praNIta hai, ataH vaMdanIya hai / haribhadra bhArI mana meM semAtra yahI kahate haiM ki maiM apanesira kI pIr3A kisase khuuN|" 50 kiMtu yaha topratyeka krAMtikArI kI niyati hotI hai| prathama kSaNa meM janasAdhAraNa bhI usake sAtha nahIM hotA hai| ataH haribhadra kA isa pIr3A segujaranA unake krAMtikArI hone kA hI pramANa hai| sambhavataH jaina- paramparA meM yaha prathama avasara thA, jaba jaina samAja ke tathAkathita muni varga koitanA spaSTa zabdoM meM kisI AcArya nelatAr3A ho| vesvayaM duHkhI mana sekahate haiM - heprabhu ! jaMgala meM nivAsa aura daridra kA sAtha acchA hai, arevyAdhi! aura mRtyu bhI zreSTha hai, kiMtu ina kuzIloM kA sAnnidhya acchA nahIM hai| are! (anya paramparA ke) hInAcArI kA sAtha bhI acchA hosakatA hai, kiMtu ina kuzIloM kA sAtha tobilkula hI acchA nahIM hai| kyoMki hInAcArI toalpa nAza karatA hai, kiMtu yetozIlarUpI nidhi kA sarvanAza hI kara dete haiN| vastutaH isa kathana ke pIche AcArya kI eka manovaijJAnika dRSTi hai| kyoMki jaba hama kisI koitara paramparA kA mAna lete haiM tousakI kamiyoM kokamiyoM ke rUpa meM hI jAnate haiM / ataH usake samparka ke kAraNa saMgha meM utanI vikRti nahIM AtI hai, jitanI jaina muni kA veza dhAraNa kara durAcAra kA sevana karanevAleke samparka se| kyoMki usake samparka seusa para zraddhA honepara vyakti kA aura saMgha kA jIvana patita bana jaaegaa| yadi sadbhAgya se azraddhA huI tovaha jina pravacana ke prati azraddhA kojanma degA ( kyoMki sAmAnyajana tozAstra nahIM varan usa zAstra ke anugAmI kA jIvana dekhatA hai) phlataH ubhayatosarvanAza kA kAraNa hogI, ataH AcArya haribhadra bAra- bAra jina - zAsana - rasikoM konirdeza dete haiM- aisejina zAsana ke kalaMka, zithilAcAriyoM aura durAcAriyoM kI tochAyA se bhI dUra raho, kyoMki

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144 yetumhArejIvana, cAritrabala aura zraddhA sabhI kocaupaTa kara deNge| haribhadra kojina-zAsana ke vinAza kA khatarA dUsaroM senahIM, apanehI logoM seadhiklgaa| kahA bhI hai isa ghara koAgalagagaI ghara ke ciraagse| vastutaH eka krAntadarzI AcArya ke rUpa meM haribhadra kA mukhya uddezya thA jaina saMgha meM unake yuga meM jovikRtiyAM AgaI thIM, unheM dUra krnaa| ataH unhoMneapanehI pakSa kI kamiyoM koadhika gambhIratA sedekhaa| josacceartha meM samAja-sudhAraka hotA hai, josamAjika jIvana meM parivartana lAnA cAhatA hai, vaha pramukha rUpa seapanI hI kamiyoM kokhojatA hai| haribhadra neisa rUpa meM sambodhaprakaraNa meM eka krAMtikArI kI bhUmikA nibhAI hai| krAMtikArI ke dokArya hotehaiM, eka tosamAja meM pracalita vikRta mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karanA aura unheM samApta karanA, kiMtu mAtra itaneseusakA kArya pUrA nahIM hotA hai| usakA dUsarA kArya hotA hai sat mAnyatAoM kopratiSThita yApunaH pratiSThata krnaa| hama dekhatehaiM ki AcArya haribhadra nedonoM bAtoM koapanI dRSTi meM rakhA hai| unhoMneapanegraMtha sambodhaprakaraNa meM deva, guru, dharma, zrAvaka Adi kA samyak svarUpa kaisA honA cAhie, isakI bhI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| haribhadra nejahAM vezadhAriyoM kI samIkSA kI hai, vahIM Agamokta dRSTi seguru kaisA honA cAhie, isakI vistRta vivecanA bhI kI hai| hama usake vistAra meM na jAkara saMkSepa meM yaha kaheMgeki haribhadra kI dRSTi meM jopAMca mahAvratoM, pAMca samitiyoM, tIna guptiyoM ke pAlana meM tatpara hai jojitendriya, saMyamI, pariSahajayI, zuddha AcaraNa karanevAlA aura satya mArga kobatAnevAlA hai, vahI suguru hai|" haribhadra ke yuga meM guru ke sambaMdha meM eka prakAra kA vaiyaktika abhiniveza vikasita hogayA thaa| kulaguru kI vaidika avadhAraNA kI bhAMti pratyeka guru ke AsapAsa eka varga ekatrita horahA thA, jounheM apanA guru mAnatA thA tathA anya koguru meM svIkAra nahIM karatA thaa| zrAvakoM kA eka vizeSa samUha eka vizeSa AcArya koapanA guru mAnatA thA, jaisA ki Aja bhI dekhA jAtA hai| haribhadra neisa paramparA meM sAmpradAyikatA ke durabhiniveza ke bIja dekha lie the| unheM yaha spaSTa laga rahA thA ki isasesAmpradAyika abhiniveza dRr3ha hoNge| samAja vibhinna choTe-choTe vargoM meM baMTa jaaegaa| isake vikAsa kA dUsarA mukhya khatarA yaha thA ki guNapUjaka jaina dharma vyaktipUjaka bana jAegA aura vaiyaktika rAgAtmakatA ke kAraNa cAritrika doSoM ke

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145 bAvajUda eka vizeSa varga kI, eka vizeSa AcArya kI isa paramparA serAgAtmakatA jur3I rhegii| yuga-draSTA isa AcArya nesAmAjika vikRti kosamajhA aura spaSTa rUpa senirdeza diyA- zrAvaka kA koI apanA aura parAyA guru nahIM hotA hai, jinAjJA ke pAlana meM nirata sabhI usake guru haiN|" kAza, haribhadra ke dvArA kathita isa satya kohama Aja bhI samajha sakeM tosamAja kI TUTI huI kar3iyoM kopunaH jor3A jA sakatA hai| kAntadarzI samAlocaka : anya paramparAoM ke saMdarbha meM 52 pUrva meM hamane jaina paramparA meM vyApta aMdhavizvAsoM evaM dharma ke nAma para honevAlI Atma-pravaMcanAoM ke prati haribhadra ke krAMtikArI avadAna kI carcA sambodhaprakaraNa ke AdhAra para kI hai| aba maiM anya paramparAoM meM pracalita aMdhavizvAsoM kI haribhadra dvArA kI gaI ziSTa samIkSA ko prastuta kruuNgaa| haribhadrakI kAntadarzI dRSTi jahAM eka ora anya dharma evaM darzanoM meM nihita satya kosvIkAra karatI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unakI ayuktisaMgata kapolakalpanAoM kI vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meM samIkSA bhI karatI hai| isa sambaMdha meM unakA dhUrtAkhyAna nAmaka graMtha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| isa graMtha kI racanA kA mukhya uddezya bhArata (mahAbhArata), rAmAyaNa aura purANoM kI kAlpanika aura ayuktisaMgata avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA karanA hai| yaha samIkSA vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meM hai| dharma ke sambaMdha meM kucha mithyA vizvAsa yugoM serahe haiM, phira bhI purANa-yuga meM jisa prakAra mithyA kalpanAeM prastuta kI gaIM- vebhAratIya manISA meM divAliyepana kI sUcaka sI lagatI haiN| isa paurANika prabhAva sehI jaina - paramparA meM bhI mahAvIra ke garbha-parivartana, unake aMgUThe kodabAnemAtra semeru - kampana jaisI kucha cAmatkArika ghaTanAeM pracalita huiiN| yadyapi jaina - paramparA meM bhI cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi kI rAniyoM kI saMkhyA evaM unakI senA kI saMkhyA, tIrthaMkaroM ke zarIra pramANa evaM Ayu Adi ke vivaraNa sahaja vizvasanIya tonahIM lagate haiM, kiMtu tArkika asaMgati seyukta nahIM haiN| sambhavataH yaha saba bhI paurANika paramparA kA prabhAva thA jisejaina paramparA ko apane mahApuruSoM kI alaukikatA ko batAnehetu svIkAra karanA par3A thA, phira bhI yaha mAnanA hogA ki jaina - paramparA meM aisI kapola-kalpanAeM apekSAkRta bahuta hI kama haiN| sAtha hI mahAvIra ke garbha-parivartana kI ghaTanA, jomukhyataH brAhmaNa kI apekSA kSatriya kI zreSThatA sthApita karane hetu gar3hI gaI thI, ke atirikta, sabhI paryApta paravartI kAla kI haiM aura paurANika yuga kI hI dena haiM aura inameM kapola-kAlpanikatA kA puTa bhI adhika -

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146 nahIM hai| garbha-parivartana kI ghaTanA kochor3akara, jiseAja vijJAna nesambhava banA diyA hai, avizvasanIya aura aprAkRtika rUpa sejanma lenekA jaina paramparA meM eka bhI AkhyAna nahIM hai, jabaki purANoM meM aisehajAra seadhika AkhyAna haiN| jaina-paramparA sadaiva tarkapradhAna rahI hai, yahI kAraNathA ki mahAvIra kI garbha-parivartana kI ghaTanA kobhI usake eka varga nesvIkAra nahIM kiyaa| haribhadra ke graMthoM kA adhyayana karaneseyaha spaSTa hojAtA hai ki yeeka aiseAcArya haiM joyukti kopradhAnatA detehaiN| unakA spaSTa kathana hai ki mahAvIra nehameM koI dhana nahIM diyA hai aura kapila Adi RSiyoM nehamAredhana koapaharaNa nahIM kiyA hai, ataH hamArA na tomahAvIra ke prati rAga hai aura na kapila Adi RSiyoM ke prati dvess| jisakI bhI bAta yuktisaMgata housegrahaNa karanA caahie| isa prakAra haribhadra tarka kohI zraddhA kA AdhAra mAnakara cltehaiN| jaina-paramparA ke anya AcAryoM ke samAna vebhI zraddhA ke viSaya deva, guru aura dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa ke nirNaya ke lie kramazaH vItarAgatA, sadAcAra aura ahiMsA kokasauTI mAnakara calatehaiM aura tarka yA yukti sejoina kasauTiyoM para kharA utaratA hai, usesvIkAra karanekI bAta khtehaiN| jisa prakAra sambodhaprakaraNa meM mukhya rUpa seguru ke svarUpa kI samIkSA karatehaiM usI prakAra dhUrtAkhyAna meM veparokSataH deva yA ArAdhya ke svarUpa kI samIkSA karatepratIta hotehaiN| veyaha nahIM kahatehaiM ki brahmA, viSNu evaM mahAdeva hamAreArAdhya nahIM haiN| vetosvayaM hI kahatehaiM jisameM koI bhI doSa nahIM hai aura josamasta guNoM seyukta hai vaha brahmA ho, viSNu hoyA mahAdeva ho, usemaiM praNAma karatA huuN| unakA kahanA mAtra yaha hai ki paurANikoM nekapolakalpanAoM ke AdhAra para unake caritra evaM vyaktitva kojisa atarkasaMgata evaM bhraSTa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai usasena kevala unakA vyaktitva dhUmila hotA hai, apitu vejanasAdhAraNa kI azraddhA kA kAraNa bntehaiN| dhUrtAkhyAna ke mAdhyama seharibhadra aiseatarkasaMgata aMdhavizvAsoM sejanasAdhAraNa komukta karanA cAhatehaiM, jinameM ArAdhya aura upAsya devoM kocaritrahIna ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM caMdra, sUrya, iMdra, vAyu, agni aura dharma kAkumArI evaM bAda meM pANDupatnI kuntIseyauna-sambaMdha sthApita kara putra utpanna karanA, gautama RSi kI patnI ahilyA seiMdra dvArA anaitika rUpa meM yauna-sambaMdha sthApita karanA, lokavyApI viSNu kA kAmI-janoM ke samAna gopiyoM ke lie udvigna honA Adi

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_147 kathAnaka ina devoM kI garimA kokhaNDita krtehaiN| isI prakAra hanumAna kA apanI pUMcha meM laMkA koghera lenA athavA pUreparvata kouThA lAnA, sUrya aura agni ke sAtha sambhoga karake kuntI kA na jalanA, gaMgA kA ziva kI jaTA meM samA jAnA, droNAcArya kA droNa se, karNa kA kAna se, kIcaka kA bAMsa kI nalI seevaM rakta kuNDalin kA raktabiMdu sejanma lenA, aNDe sejagat kI utpatti, zivaliMga kA viSNu dvArA aMta na pAnA, kiMtu usI liMga kA pArvatI kI yoni meM samA jAnA, jaTAyu ke zarIra kopahAr3a ke samAna mAnanA, rAvaNa dvArA apanesiroM kokATakara mahAdeva koarpaNa karanA aura unakA punaH jur3a jAnA, balarAma kA mAyA dvArA garbha-parivartana, bAlaka zrIkRSNa ke peTa meM samagra vizva kA samA jAnA, agastya dvArA samudra-pAna aura junu ke dvArA gaMgApAna karanA, kRSNa dvArA govardhana uThA lenA Adi purANoM meM varNita aneka ghaTanAeM yA touna mahAn puruSoM ke vyaktitva kodhUmila karatI hai yA Atma-virodhI haiM athavA phira avizvasanIya hai| yadyapi yaha vicAraNIya hai ki mahAvIra ke garbha-parivartana kI ghaTanA, joki nizcita hI haribhadra ke pUrva pUrNataH mAnya hocukI thI, kosvIkAra karake bhI haribhadra balarAma ke garbha-parivartana kokaiseavizvasanIya kaha sktehaiN| yahAM yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki haribhadra dhUrtAkhyAna meM eka dhUrta dvArA apanejIvana meM ghaTita avizvasanIya ghaTanAoM kA ullekha karavAkara phira dUsaredhUrta seyaha kahalavA detehaiM ki yadi bhArata (mahAbhArata), rAmAyaNa Adi meM ghaTita uparyukta ghaTanAeM satya haiM, tophira yahabhI satya hosakatA hai| haribhadra dvArA vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meM racita isa graMtha kA uddezya tomAtra itanA hI hai ki dharma ke nAma para palanevAleaMdhavizvAsoM konaSTa kiyA jAe aura paurANika kathAoM meM deva yA mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM mAnya vyaktitvoM ke caritra koanaitika rUpa meM prastuta karake usakI Ar3a meM jopurohita varga apanI duzcaritratA kA poSaNa karanA cAhatA thA, usakA pardAphAza kiyA jaae| usa yuga kA purohita prathama toina mahApuruSoM ke caritroM koanaitika rUpa meM prastuta kara aura usake AdhAra para yaha kahakara ki yadi kRSNa gopiyoM ke sAtha cher3achAr3a kara sakatehaiM, vivAhitA rAdhA ke sAtha apanA prema-prasaMga calA sakatehaiM, yadi iMdra maharSi gautama kI patnI ke sAtha chala sesambhoga kara sakatA hai tophira hamAredvArA yaha saba karanA durAcAra kaisekahA jA sakatA hai? vastutaH jisa prakAra sambodhaprakaraNa meM veapanI paramparA ke zramaNa vezadhArI duzcaritra kuguruoM kophTakAratehaiM, usI prAkara dhUrtAkhyAna meM vebrAhmaNa paramparA ke tathAkathita dharma ke ThekedAroM kolatAr3atehaiM, phira bhI haribhadra kI phaTakAranekI donoM zailiyoM meM bahuta bar3A

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148 aMtara hai| sambodhaprakaraNa meM vesIdhephTakAratehaiM jaba ki dhUrtAkhyAna meM vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meN| isameM haribhadra kI eka manovaijJAnika dRSTi chipI huI hai| hameM jaba apaneghara ke kisI sadasya kokucha kahanA hotA hai toparokSa rUpa meM tathA sabhyazabdAvalI kA prayoga krtehaiN| haribhadra dhUrtAkhyAna meM isa dUsarI vyaMgyaparaka ziSTa zailI kA prayoga karatehaiM aura anya paramparA ke deva aura guruparasIdhAAkSepa nahIM krtehaiN| dUsaredhUrtAkhyAna, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, yogadRSTisamuccaya, lokatattvanirNaya, sAvayapaNNatti Adi seyaha bhI spaSTa hojAtA hai ki ArAdhya yA upAsya ke nAma ke sambaMdha meM haribhadra ke mana meM koI Agraha nahIM hai, mAtra Agraha hai toisa bAta kA ki usakA caritra nirdoSa aura niSkalaMka ho| dhUrtAkhyAna meM unhoMneuna sabakI samAlocanA kI hai joapanI vAsanAoM kI puSTi ke nimitta apaneupAsya ke caritra kodhUmila karate haiN| hama yaha acchI taraha jAnatehaiM ki kRSNa ke caritra meM rAdhAaura gopiyoM koDAla kara hamArepurohita varga nekyA-kyA nahIM kiyA? haribhadra isa sambaMdha meM sIdhetokucha nahIM kahatehaiM, mAtra eka prazna cihna chor3a detehaiM ki sarAga aura sazastra deva meM devatva (upAsya) kI garimA kahAM taka Thahara paaegii| anya paramparAoM ke deva aura guru ke sambaMdha meM unakI saumya aura vyaMgyAtmaka zailI jahAM pAThaka kociMtana ke lie vivaza kara detI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vaha unake krAMtikArI, sAhasI vyaktitva koprastuta kara detI hai| haribhadra sambodhaprakaraNa meM spaSTa kahatehaiM ki rAgI-deva, durAcArI-guru aura dUsaroM kopIr3A pahuMcAnevAlI pravRttiyoM kodharma mAnanA, dharma sAdhanA ke samyak svarupa kovikRta karanA hai| ataH hameM mithyA vizvAsoM seUpara uThanA hogaa| isa prakAra haribhadra janamAnasa kA aMdhavizvAsoM semukta karAnekA prayAsa kara krAMtadarzI kA pramANa prastuta krtehaiN| vastutaH haribhadra ke vyaktitva meM eka ora udAratA aura samabhAva haiM todUsarI ora satyaniSThA aura spaSTavAditA bhI hai| unakA vyaktitva aneka sadguNoM kA eka pUMjIbhUta svarUpa hai| vepUrvAgraha yA pakSAgraha semukta haiM, phira bhI unameM satyAgraha hai jounakI kRtiyoM meM spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai| __ AcArya haribhadra kI racanA dharmitA apUrva hai, unhoMnedharma, darzana yoga, kathA, sAhitya sabhI pakSoM para apanI lekhanI claaii| unakI racanAoM ko3 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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149 __ 1. AgamagraMthoM evaM pUrvAcAryoM kI kRtiyoM para TIkAeM- AcArya haribhadra AgamoM ke prathama saMskRta TIkAkAra haiN| unakI TIkAeM adhika vyavasthita aura tArkikatA lie hue haiN| 2. svaracita graMtha evaM svopajJa TIkAeM - AcArya nejaina darzana aura samakAlIna anya darzanoM kA gahana adhyayana karake unheM atyaMta spaSTa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| ina graMthoM meM sAMkhya yoga, nyAya-vaizeSika, advaita, cArvAka, bauddha, jaina Adi darzanoM kA prastutikaraNa evaM samyak samAlocanA kI hai| jaina yoga ke toveAdi preNatA the, unakA yoga viSayaka jJAna mAtra saiddhAMtika nahIM thaa| isake sAtha hI unhoMneanekAntajayapatAkA nAmaka kliSTa nyAyagraMtha kI bhIracanA kii| ___3. kathA-sAhitya - AcArya AcArya neloka pracalita kathAoM ke mAdhyama sedharma-pracAra koeka nayA rUpa diyA hai| unhoMnevyakti aura samAja kI vikRtiyoM para prahAra kara unameM sudhAra lAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai| samarAiccakahA, dhUrtAkhyAna aura anya laghu kathAoM ke mAdhyama seunhoMneapaneyugakI saMskRti kA spaSTa evaM sajIva citrAMkana kiyA hai| AcArya haribhadragraMtha-sUcI nimna hai 1. anuyogadvAra vRtti / 2. anekAntajayapatAkA / 3. anekAntaghaTTA 4. anekaantvaadprvesh| 5. assttk| 6. aavshykniyuktilghuttiikaa| 7. aavshykniyuktibhuttiikaa| 8. upadezapadA 9. kthaakosh| 10. krmstvvRtti| 11. kulk| 12. kSetrasamAsavRttiA 13. cturvishtistuti| 14. caityvNdnbhaassy| 15. caityvNdnvRtti| 16. jiivaabhigmlghuvRtti| 17. jnyaanpNckvivrnn| 18. jnyaandivyprkrnn| 19. dazavaikAlika-avacUrAi 20. dshvaikaalikbhuttiikaa| 21.devendrnrkendrprkrnn| 22. dvijvdncpettaa| 23. dhrmbindu| 24. dharmalAbhasiddhiA 25. dhrmsNgrhnnii| 26. dhrmsaarmuulttiikaa| 27. dhuurtaakhyaan| 28. nNdiivRtti| 29. nyaay-prdeshsuutrvRtti| 30. nyaayvinishcy| 31. nyaaymRttrNginnii| 32. nyaayaavtaarvRtti| 33. pNcnigrnthii| 34. pNcliNgii| 35. paMcavastusaTIkA 36. pNcsNgrh| 37. pNcsuutrvRtti| 38. pNcsthaank| 39. paMcAzakA 40. paralokasiddhiA 41. piMDaniyuktivRttiA 42. prjnyaapnaaprdeshvyaakhyaa| 43. pratiSThAkalpA 44. bRhanmithyAtvamaMthanA 45. munipaticaritra) 46. ytidinkRty| 47. yshodhrcrit|

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150 48. yogadRSTisamuccayA 49. yogbindu| 50. yogshtk| 51. lgnshuddhi| 52. loktttvnirnny| 53. lokbindu| 54. viNshtiviNshikaa| 55. viirstv| 56. viiraaNgdkthaa| 57. vedbaahytaaniraakrnn| 58. vyvhaarklp| 59. shaastrvaartaasmuccysttiik| 60. shraavkprjnyptivRtti| 61. shraavkdhrmtNtr| 62. SaDdarzanasamuccayA 63. ssoddshk| 64. samakita pcaasii| 65. sNgrhnniivRtti| 66. sNmttsittirii| 67. sNbodhsittrii| 68. samarAiccaka haa| 69. srvjnysiddhiprkrnnsttiik| 70. syaadvaadkucodyprihaar| . kiMtu inameM kucha graMtha aisebhI jinheM bhavavirahAMka' samadarzI AcArya haribhadra kI kRti hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| Agehama unhIM kRtiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya derahehaiM jonizcita rUpa sesamadarzI evaM bhava-virahAMka sesUcita yakinIsUnu haribhadra dvArA praNIta haiN| Agamika vyAkhyAeM * jaisA ki hamanepUrva meM nirdeza kiyA hai, haribhadra jaina AgamoM kI saMskRta meM vyAkhyA likhanevAleprathama AcArya haiN| AgamoM kI vyAkhyA ke saMdarbha meM unake nimna graMtha upalabdha haiM - ___ (1) dazavaikAlika vRtti, (2) Avazyaka laghuvRtti, (3) anuyogadvAra vRtti, (4) nandI vRtti, (5) jIvAbhigamasUtra laghuvRtti, (6) caityavaMdanasUtra vRtti (lalitavistarA) aura (7) prjnyaapnaaprdeshvyaakhyaa| ___ inake atirikta Avazyaka sUtra bRhatvRtti aura piNDaniyukti vRtti ke lekhaka bhI AcArya haribhadra mAnejAtehaiM, kiMtu vartamAna meM Avazyaka vRtti anupalabdha hai| jopiNDaniyukti TIkA milatI hai usakI utthAnikA meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki isa graMtha kA prArambha toharibhadra nekiyA thA, kiMtu veiseapanejIvana-kAla meM pUrNa nahIM kara pAe, unhoMnesthApanAdoSa taka kI vRtti likhIthI, usake AgekisI vIrAcArya nelikhii| AcAryaharibhadra dvArA viracita vyAkhyA graMthoM kAsaMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai 1. dazavakAlika vRtti - yaha vRtti ziSyabodhinI yA bRhadvRtti ke nAma sebhI jAnI jAtI hai| vastutaH yaha vRtti dazavaikAlika sUtra kI apekSA usa para bhadrabAhuviracita niyukti para hai| isameM AcArya nedazavaikAlika zabda kA artha, graMtha ke

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151 prAraMbha meM maMgala kI AvazyakatA aura usakI vyutpatti ko spaSTa karane ke sAtha hI dazavaikAlika kI racanA kyoM kI gaI isespaSTa karatehue sayyaMbhava aura unake putra manaka pUrNa kathAnaka kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| prathama adhyAya kI TIkA meM AcArya netapa ke prakAroM kI carcA karatehue dhyAna ke cAroM prakAroM kA suMdara vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| isa prathama adhyAya kI TIkA meM pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa Adi anumAna ke vibhinna avayavoM evaM hetvAbhAsoM kI bhI carcA ke atirikta unhoMneisameM nikSepa siddhAMtoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| dUsare adhyayana kI vRtti meM tIna yoga, tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJA, pAMca iMdriya, pAMca sthAvarakAya, dasa prakAra kA zramaNa dharma aura 18000 zIlAMgoM kA bhI nirdeza milatA hai| sAtha hI isameM rathanemi aura rAjImatI ke uttarAdhyayana meM Ae hue kathAnaka kA bhI ullekha hai| tRtIya adhyayana kI vRtti meM mahat aura kSullaka zabda ke artha ko spaSTa karane ke sAtha hI jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, caritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura vIryAcAra kospaSTa kiyA gayA hai tathA kathAoM ke cAra prakAroM koudAharaNa sahita samajhAyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyayana kI vRtti meM paMcamahAvrata aura rAtribhojana - vivaraNa kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha jIva ke svarUpa para bhI dArzanika dRSTi sevicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM bhASyagata aneka gAthAeM bhI uddhRta kI gaI haiN| isI prakAra paMcama adhyayana kI vRtti meM 18 sthANu arthAt vrata-SaTka, kAya-SaTka, akalpya bhojana- varjana, gRhabhAjanavarjana, paryakavarjana, niSidhyAvarjana, snAnavarjana aura zobhAvarjana kA ullekha huA hai| SaSTha adhyayana meM kSullakAcAra kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyayana kI vRtti meM bhASA kI zuddhiazuddhi kA vicAra hai| aSTama adhyayana kI vRtti meM AcAra - praNidhi kI prakriyA evaM phla kA pratipAdana hai| navama adhyayana kI vRtti meM vinaya ke prakAra aura vinaya ke phla tathA avinaya sehonevAlI hAniyoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| dazama adhyayana kI vRtti bhikSu ke svarUpa kI carcA karatI hai / dazavaikAlika vRtti ke aMta meM AcArya apaneko mahattarA yAkinI kA dharmaputra kahA hai / 2. Avazyaka vRtti - yaha vRtti Avazyaka niryukti para AdhArita hai| AcArya haribhadra neisameM Avazyaka sUtroM kA padAnusaraNa na karatehue svataMtra rIti seniryuktiM gAthAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| niryukti kI prathama gAthA kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya nepAMca prakAra ke jJAna kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| isI prakAra mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryaya aura kevala kI bhI bheda-prabhedapUrvaka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| sAmAyika

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_152 niyukti kI vyAkhyA meM pravacana kI utpatti ke prasaMga para prakAza DAlatehue batAyA hai ki kucha puruSasvabhAvasehI aisehotehaiM, jinheM vItarAga kI vANI arucikara lagatI hai, isameM pravacanoM kA koI doSa nahIM hai| doSa touna sunanevAloM kA hai| sAtha hI sAmAyika ke uddeza, nirdeza, nirgama, kSetra Adi teIsa dvAroM kA vivecana karatehue sAmAyika ke nirgama dvAra ke prasaMga meM kulakaroM kI utpatti, unake pUrvabhava, Ayu kA varNana tathA nAbhikulakara ke yahAM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA janma, tIrthaMkara nAma, gotrakarma baMdhana ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlatehue anya AkhyAnoM kI bhAMti prAkRta meM dhana nAmaka sArthavAha kA AkhyAna diyA gayA hai| RSabhadeva ke pAraNekA ullekha karatehue vistRta vivecana hetu vasudevahiMDI' kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM utpanna cAra anuyogoM kA vibhAjana karanevAleATharakSita sesambaddha gAthAoM kA varNana hai| catuviMzatistava aura vaMdanA nAmaka dvitIya aura tRtIya Avazyaka kA niyukti ke anusAra vyAkhyAna kara pratikramaNa nAmaka caturtha Avazyaka kI vyAkhyA meM dhyAna para vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAtha hI sAta prakAra ke bhayasthAnoM sambaMdhI aticAroM kI gAthA uddhRta kI gaI hai| paMcama Avazyaka ke rUpa meM kAyotsarga kA vivaraNa dekara paMcavidhakAya ke utsarga kI tathA SaSTha meM pratyAkhyAna kI carcA karatehue vRttikAra neziSyahitA nAmaka Avazyaka TIkA sampanna kI hai| AcArya haribhadra kI yaha vRtti 22,000 zloka pramANa hai| ____ 3. anuyogadvAra vRtti- yaha TIkA anuyogadvAra cUrNi kI zailI para likhI gaI hai joki nandIvRtti ke bAda kI kRti hai| isameM Avazyaka' zabda kA nipekSa-paddhati sevicAra kara nAmAdi AvazyakoM kA svarUpa batAtehue nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva kA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| zruta kA nikSepa-paddhati sevyAkhyAna kiyA hai| skandha, upakrama Adi ke vivecana ke bAda AnupUrvI ke vistAra sepratipAdita kiyA hai| isake bAda dvinAma, trinAma, caturnAma, paMcanAma, SaTanAma, saptanAma, aSTanAma, navanAma aura dazanAma kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| pramANa kA vivecana karatehue vividha aMguloM ke svarUpa kA varNana tathA samaya ke vivecana meM palyopama kA vistAra sevarNana kiyA gayA hai| zarIra paMcaka ke pazcAt bhAvapramANa meM pratyakSa, anumAna, aupamya, Agama, darzana cAritra, naya aura saMkhyA kA vyAkhyAna hai| naya para punaH vicAra karatehue jJAnanaya aura kriyAnaya kA svarUpa nirUpita karatehue jJAna aura kriyA donoM kI eka sAtha upayogitA kosiddha kiyA gayA hai|

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153 4. nandI vRtti- yaha vRtti nandIcUrNi kA hI rUpAntara hai| isameM prAyaH unhIM viSayoM ke vyAkhyAna haiM jonandIcUrNi meM haiN| isameM prArambha meM nandI ke zabdArtha, nikSepa AdievaM usake bAda jina, vIra aura saMgha kI stuti kI mahattA para prakAza DAlatehue tIrthaM karAvalikA, gaNadharAvalikA aura sthavirAvalikA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| nandI vRtti meM jJAna ke adhyayana kI yogyatA-ayogyatA para vicAra karatehue likhA hai ki ayogya kojJAna-dAna sevastutaH akalyANa hI hotA hai| isake bAda tIna prakAra kI parSad kA vyAkhyAna, jJAna ke bheda-prabheda, svarUpa, viSaya Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kevala-jJAna aura kevala-darzana ke kramika upayoga Adi kA pratipAdana karatehue yugapadvAda ke samarthaka siddhasena Adi kA, kramikatva ke samarthaka jinabhadragaNi Adi kA tathA abhedavAda ke samarthaka vRddhAcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isameM varNita siddhasena, siddhasena divAkara sebhinna haiM, kyoMki siddhasena divAkara tRtIya mata abhedavAda ke pravartaka haiN| dvitIya mata kramikatva ke samarthaka jinabhadra Adi kosiddhAMtavAdI kahA gayA hai| aMta meM zruta ke zravaNa aura vyAkhyAna kI vidhi batAtehue AcArya nenandhadhyayana vivaraNasampanna kiyA hai| 5. jIvAbhigamasUtra laghuvRtti - isa vRtti ke aparanAma ke rUpa meM 'pradezavRtti kA ullekha milatA hai| isakA granthAgra 1992 gAthAeM hai55 kiMtu vRtti anupalabdha hai| jIvAbhigamasUtra para AcArya malayagiri kRta ekamAtra vRtti upalabdha hai, jisameM aneka graMtha aura graMthakAroM kA nAmollekha bhI kiyA gayA hai| usameM haribhadrakRta tattvArthaTIkA kA ullekha hai, paraMtujIvAbhigamapara unakI kisIvRtti kA ullekha nahIM hai| 6. caityavandanasUtra vRtti (lalitavistarA)- caityavandana ke sUtroM para haribhadra nelalitavistarA nAma seeka vistRta vyAkhyA kI racanA kI hai| yaha kRti bauddhaparamparA ke lalitavistara kI zailI meM prAkRta mizrita saMskRta meM racI gaI hai| yaha graMtha caityavaMdana ke anuSThAna meM prayukta honevAleprANAtipAtadaNDakasUtra (namotthuNaM), caityastava (arihaMta ceIyANaM), caturvizatistava (logassa), zrutastava (pukkharavara), siddhastava (siddhANaM-buddhANaM), praNidhAna sUtra (jaya-vIyarAya) Adi ke vivecana ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| mukhyataH toyaha graMtha arahanta paramAtmA kI stutirUpa hI hai, paraMtu AcArya haribhadra neisameM arihaMta paramAtmA ke viziSTa guNoM kA paricaya detehue anya dArzanika vicAradhArAoM ke pariprekSya meM tarkapUrNa samIkSA bhI kI hai| isI prasaMga meM isa

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154 graMtha meM sarvaprathama yApanIya mAnyatA ke AdhAra para strImukti para samarthana kiyA gayA hai| 7. prajJApanA-pradeza vyAkhyA- isa TIkA ke prArambha meM jainapravacana kI mahimA ke bAda maMgala kI mahimA kA vizeSa vivecana karatehue Avazyaka TIkA kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| bhavya aura abhavya kA vivecana karaneke bAda prathama pada kI vyAkhyA meM prajJApanA ke viSaya, kartRtva Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jIva-prajJApanA aura ajIva-prajJApanA kA varNana karatehue ekendriyAdi jIvoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya pada kI vyAkhyA meM pRthvIkAya, apkAya, agnikAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya tathA dvIndriyAdi ke sthAnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya pada kI vyAkhyA meM kAyAdyalpa-bahutva, Ayurbandha kA alpa-bahutva, veda, lezyA, indriya Adi dRSTiyoM sejIva-vicAra, loka sambaMdhI alpa-bahutva, pudgalAlpa-bahutva, dravyAlpa-bahutva avagADhAlpa-bahutva Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| caturtha pada meM nArakoM kI sthiti tathA paMcama pada kI vyAkhyA meM nArakaparyAya, avagAha, SaTsthAnaka, karmasthiti aura jIvaparyAya kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha aura saptama pada meM nAraka sambaMdhI virahakAla kA varNana hai| aSTama pada meM saMjJA kA svarUpa batAyA hai| navama pada meM vividha yoniyoM evaM dazama pada meM ratnaprabhAAdipRthviyoM kAcarama aura acarama kI dRSTi sevivecana kiyA gayA hai| gyArahaveM pada meM bhASA ke svarUpa ke sAtha hI strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka ke lakSaNoM kobatAyA gayA hai| bArahaveM pada meM audArikAdi zarIra ke sAmAnya svarUpa kA varNana tathA terahaveM pada kI vyAkhyA meM jIva aura ajIvake vividha pariNAmoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| Ageke padoM kI vyAkhyA meM kaSAya, iMdriya, yoga, lezyA, kAya-sthiti, aMtaHkriyA, avagAhanA, saMsthAnAdi kriyA, karma prakRti, karma-bandha, AhAra-pariNAma, upayoga, pazyatA, saMjJA, saMyama, avadhi, pravicAra, vedanA aura samudghAta kA vizeSa varNana kiyA gayA hai| tIsaveM pada meM upayoga aura pazyatA kI bhedarekhA spaSTa karatehue sAkAra upayoga ke AThaprakAra aura sAkArapazyatA ke chaH prakAra batAe gae haiN| AcArya haribhadra kI svataMtra kRtiyAM Sozazaka - isa kRti meM eka-eka viSayoM kolekara 16-16 padyoM meM AcArya haribhadra ne16 SoDazakoM kI racanA kI hai| ye16 SoDazaka isa prakAra haiM- (1) dharmaparIkSASoDazaka, (2) saddharmadezanASoDazaka, (3) dharmalakSaNaSoDazaka, (4)

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155 dharmAliMgaSoDazaka, (5) lokottaratattvaprAptiSoDazaka, (6) jinamaMdira nirmANaSoDazaka, (7) jinabimbaSoDazaka, (8) pratiSThASoDazaka, (9) pUjAsvarUpaSoDazaka, (10) pUjAphlaSoDazaka, (11) zrutajJAnaliMgaSoDazaka, (12) dIkSAdhikAriSoDazaka, (13) guruvinayaSoDazaka, (14) yogabheda SoDazaka, (15) dhyeyasvarUpaSoDazaka, (16) samaraSoDazakA inameM apane-apanenAma ke anurUpa viSayoM kI carcA hai| viMzativiMzikA - viMzativiMzikA nAmaka AcArya haribhadra kI yaha kRti 20-20 prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai| yeviMzikAeM nimnalikhita haiM- prathama adhikAra viMzikA meM 20 viMzikAoM ke viSaya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya viMzikA meM loka ke anAdi svarUpa kA vivecana hai| tRtIya viMzikA meM kula, nIti aura lokadharma kA vivecana hai| caturtha viMzikA kA viSaya caramaparivarta hai| pAMcavIM viMzikA meM zuddha dharma kI upalabdhi kaise hotI hai, isakA vivecana hai| chaThI viMzikA meM saddharma kA evaM sAtavIM viMzikA meM dAna kA vivecana hai| AThavIM viMzikA meM pUjAvidhAna kI carcA hai| navIM viMzikA meM zrAvakadharma, dazavIM viMzakA meM zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM evaM gyArahavIM viMzikA meM munidharma kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bArahavIM viMzikA bhikSA-viMzikA hai| isameM muni ke bhikSA-sambaMdhI doSoM kA vivecana hai| terahavIM, zikSA-viMzikA hai| isameM dhArmika jIvana ke lie yogya zikSAeM prastuta kI gaI haiN| caudahavIM aMtarAyazuddhi viMzikA meM zikSA ke saMdarbha meM honevAleaMtarAyoM kA vivecana hai| jJAtavya hai ki isa viMzikA meM mAtra cha: gAthAeM hI milatI haiM, zeSa gAthAeM kisI bhI hastaprati meM nahIM milatI haiN| paMdrahavIM AlocanA-viMzikA hai| solahavIM viMzikA prAyazcitta-viMzikA hai| isameM vibhinna prAyazcittoM kA saMkSipta vivecana hai| satrahavIM viMzikA yogavidhAna-viMzikA hai| usameM yoga ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai| aTThArahavIM kevalajJAna viMzikA meM kevalajJAna ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa hai| unnIsavIM siddhavibhakti-viMzikA meM siddhoM kA svarUNa varNita hai| bIsavIM siddhasukha-viMzikA hai, jisameM siddhoM ke sukha kA vivecana hai| isa prakAra ina bIsa viMzikAoM meM jainadharma aura sAdhanAsesambaMdhita vividha viSayoM kA vivecana hai| yogaviMzikA yaha prAkRta meM nibaddha mAtra 20 gAthAoM kI eka laghu racanA hai| isameM jaina

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156 paramparA meM pracalita mana, vacana aura kAya - rUpa pravRtti vAlI paribhASA ke sthAna para mokSa sejor3anevAle dharma vyApAra koyoga kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI isameM yoga kA adhikArI kauna hosakatA hai, isakI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| yogaviMzikA meM yoga ke nimna pAMca bhedoM kA varNana hai- (1) sthAna, (2) urNa, (3) artha, (4) Alambana, (5) anAlambana | yoga ke ina pAMca bhedoM kA varNana isase pUrva kisI bhI jaina graMtha meM nahIM miltaa| ataH yaha AcArya kI apanI maulika kalpanA hai| kRti ke aMta meM icchA, prakRti, sthiratA aura siddhi - ina cAra yogAMgoM aura kRti, bhakti, vacana aura asaMga - ina cAra anuSThAnoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta isameM caityavaMdana kI kriyA kA bhI ullekha hai| yogazataka - yaha 101 prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha AcArya haribhadra kI yoga sambaMdhI racanA hai| graMtha ke prArambha meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra dRSTi seyoga kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, isake pazcAt AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke upAyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| graMtha ke uttarArddha meM citta kosthira karaneke lie apanI vRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honeyA unakA avalokana karanekI bAta kahI gaI hai| aMta meM yoga seprApta labdhiyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| yogadRSTisamuccaya yogadRSTisamuccaya jaina yoga kI eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| AcArya haribhadra ise 227 saMskRta padyoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai| isameM sarvaprathama yoga kI tIna bhUmikAoM kA nirdeza hai: (1) dRSTiyoga, (2) icchAyoga aura (3) sAmarthyayoga | dRSTiyoga meM sarvaprathama mitrA, tArA, balA, dIprA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA aura parA- ina ATha dRSTiyoM kA vistRta varNana hai / saMsArI jIva kI acaramAvartakAlIna avasthA ko 'ogha-dRSTi' aura caramAvartakAlIna avasthA koyoga - dRSTiyoM ke prasaMga meM hI jaina-paramparA sammata caudaha guNasthAnoM kI bhI yojanA kara lI hai| isake pazcAt unhoMne icchAyoga, zAstrayoga aura sAmarthyayoga kI carcA kI hai| graMtha ke aMta meM unhoMneyoga adhikArI ke rUpa meM gotrayogI, kulayogI, pravRttacakrayogI aura siddhayogI- ina cAra prakAra ke yogiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| AcArya haribhadra neisa graMtha para 100 padya pramANa vRtti bhI likhI hai, jo 1175 zloka parimANa hai|

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157 yogabiMdu ___ haribhadrasUri kI yaha kRti anuSTupa chanda ke 527 saMskRta padyoM meM nibaddha hai| isa kRti meM unhoMnejaina yoga ke vistRta vivecana ke sAtha-sAtha anya paramparAsammata yogoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka vivecana bhI kiyA hai| isameM yoga adhikAriyoM kI carcA karatehue unake doprakAra nirUpita kie gae haiM- (1) caramAvRtavRtti, (2) acaramAvRta-AvRta vRtti| isameM caramAvRtavRtti kohI mokSa kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| yoga ke adhikArI-anadhikArI kA nirdeza karatesamaya moha meM Abaddha saMsArI jIvoM ko bhavAbhinandI' kahA hai aura cAritrI jIvoM koyoga kA adhikArI mAnA hai| yoga kA prabhAva, yoga kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM pUrvasevA, pAMca prakAra ke anuSThAna, samyaktatva-prApti kA vivecana, virati, mokSa, AtmA kA svarUpa, kArya kI siddhi meM samabhAva, kAlAdi ke pAMca kAraNoM kA balAbala, mahezvaravAdI evaM puruSAdvaitavAdI ke matoM kA nirasana Adi ke sAtha hI haribhadra ne guru' kI vistAra sevyAkhyA kI hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pAMca bhUmikAoM meM seprathama cAra kA pataMjali ke anusAra samprajJAta-asamprajJAta ke rUpa meM nirdeza, sarvadeva namaskAra kI udAravRtti ke viSaya meM cArisaMjIvanI',nyAsa gopendra aura kAlAtItaM ke maMtavya aura kAlAtIta kI anupalabdha kRti meM sesAta avataraNa Adi bhI isa graMtha ke mukhya pratipAdya haiN| punaH isameM jIvake bhedoM ke aMtargata apunarbandhaka samyak dRSTi yA bhinna graMthI, dezavirati aura sarvavirati kI carcA kI gaI hai| yogAdhikAra prApti ke saMdarbha meM pUrvasevA ke rUpa meM vividha AcAra-vicAroM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI carcA karatehue adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna aura vRtti-saMkSaya- ina pAMca bhedoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI inakI pataMjali anumodita samprajJAta aura asamprajJAta samAdhi setulanA bhI kI gaI hai| isameM vividha prakAra ke yaugika anuSThAnoM kI bhI carcA hai joisa bAta kosUcita karatehaiM ki sAdhaka yoga-sAdhanA kisa uddezya sekara rahA hai| yaugika anuSThAna pAMca haiM- (1) viSAnuSThAna, (2) garAnuSThAna, (3) anAnuSThAna, (4) taddhetu-anuSThAna, (5) amRtaanusstthaan| inameM pahaletIna asad anuSThAna' haiM tathAaMtima ke doanuSThAna sadanuSThAna' hai| ___'sadyogacintAmaNi' seprArambha honevAlI isa vRtti kA zloka pariNAma 3620 hai| yogabiMdu ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie yaha vRtti atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai|

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158 SaDdarzanasamuccaya SaDdarzanasamuccaya AcArya haribhadra kI lokavizruta dArzanika racanA hai| mUla kRti mAtra 87 saMskRta zlokoM meM nibaddha hai| isameM AcArya haribhadra necArvAka, bauddha, nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya, jaina aura jaimini (mImAMsA darzana) ina cha: darzanoM ke siddhAMtoM kA, unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra saMkSepa meM vivecana kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM yaha eka aisI kRti hai joina bhinna-bhinna darzanoM kA khaNDana-maNDana seU para uThakara apaneyathArthasvarUpa meM prastuta karatI hai| isa kRti ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa vivecana hama haribhadra ke vyaktitva kI carcA karatesamaya kara cuke haiN| zAstravArtAsamuccaya jahAM SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM vibhinna darzanoM kA yathArtha prastutikaraNa hai, vahAM zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM vividha bhAratIya darzanoM kI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai| SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI apekSA yaha eka vistRta kRti hai| AcArya haribhadra neise702 saMskRta zlokoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai| yaha kRti ATha stabakoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama stabaka meM sAmAnya upadezake pazcAt cArvAka mata kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| dvitIyastabaka meM bhI cArvAka mata kI samIkSA ke sAtha-sAtha ekAnta-svabhAvavAdIAdimatoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| isa graMtha ke tIsarestabaka meM AcArya haribhadra neIzvara-kartRvya kI samIkSA kI hai| caturtha stabaka meM vizeSa rUpa sesAMkhya mata kI aura prasaMgAntara sebauddhoM ke vizeSavAda aura kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| paMcam stabaka bauddhoM ke hI vijJAnavAda kI samIkSA prastuta karatA hai| SaSTha stabaka meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI vistAra sesamIkSA kI gaI hai| saptama stabaka meM haribhadra nevastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA aura syAdvAda kI prasthApanA kI hai| sAtha hI isa stabaka ke aMta meM vedAMta kI samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai| aSTam stabaka meM mokSa evaM mokSa-mArga kA vivecana hai| isI krama meM isa stabaka meM prasaMgAntara meM sarvajJatA kosiddha kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI isa stabaka meM zabdArtha ke svarUpa parabhI vistArasecarcA upalabdha hotI hai| isa graMtha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya, bauddha Adi darzanoM kI samIkSA hotehue bhI unake prasthApakoM ke prati vizeSa Adara-bhAva prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura unake dvArA pratipAdita siddhAMtoM kA jaina dRSTi ke sAtha suMdara samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| isa saMdarbha meM hama vizeSa carcA haribhadra ke vyaktitva evaM avadAna kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kara cuke haiM, ata: yahAM isehama yahIM virAma detehaiN|

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159 anekAntajayapatAkA , jaina darzana kA keMdrIya siddhAMta anekAntavAda hai| isa siddhAMta ke prastutikaraNa hetu AcArya haribhadra nesaMskRta bhASA meM isa graMtha kI racanA kii| cUMki isa graMtha meM anekAntavAda koanya dArzanika siddhAMtoM para vijaya prApta karanevAlA dikhAyA gayA hai, ataH isI AdhAra para isakA nAmakaraNaanekAntajayapatAkA kiyA gayA hai| isa graMtha meM chaH adhikAra haiM- prathama adhikAra meM anekAntadRSTi meM vastu ke sad-asad svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dUsareadhikAra meM vastu ke nityatva aura anityatva kI samIkSA karatehue usenityAnitya batAyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhikAra meM vastu kA sAmAnya athavA vizeSa mAnanevAledArzanika matoM kI samIkSA karatehue aMta meM vastu kosAmAnyavizeSAtmaka siddha karake anekAntadRSTi kI puSTi kI gaI hai| Agecaturtha adhikAra meM vastu ke abhilApya aura anabhilApya matoM kI samIkSA karatehue usevAcyAvAcya nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| agaleadhikAroM meM bauddhoM ke yogAcAra darzana kI samIkSA evaM mukti sambaMdhI vibhinna mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra isa kRti meM anekAnta dRSTi separaspara virodhI matoM ke madhya samanvaya sthApita kiyA gyaahai| anekAntavAdapraveza jahAM anekAntajayapatAkA prabuddha dArzanikoM ke samakSa anekAnta-vAda ke gambhIrya kosamIkSAtmaka zailI meM prastuta karanehetu likhI gaI hai, vahAM anekAntavAdapraveza sAmAnya vyakti hetu anekAntavAda kobodhagamya banAneke lie likhA gayA hai| yaha graMtha bhI saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| isakI viSaya-vastu anekAntajayapatAkA ke samAna hI hai| nyAyapravezaTIkA - haribhadra nesvataMtra dArzanika graMthoM ke praNayana ke sAtha-sAtha anya paramparA ke dArzanika graMthoM para bhI TIkAeM likhIM haiN| inameM bauddha dArzanika diMganAga ke nyAya-praveza para unakI TIkA bahuta hI prasiddha hai| isa graMtha meM nyAya-sambaMdhI bauddha mantavya kohI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yaha graMtha haribhadra kI vyApaka aura udAra dRSTi kA paricaya detA hai| isa graMtha ke mAdhyama sejaina paramparA meM bhI bauddhoM ke nyAya-sambaMdhI mantavyoM ke adhyayana kI paramparA kA vikAsa huA hai|

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160 dharmasaMgrahaNI yaha haribhadra kA dArzanika graMtha hai| 1296 gAthAoM meM nibaddha isa graMtha meM dharma ke svarUpa kA nikSepoM dvArA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| malayagiri dvArA isa para saMskRta TIkA likhI gaI hai| isameM AtmA ke anAdi anidhanatva, amUrttatva, pariNAmitva jJAyakasvarUpa, kartRtva-bhoktRtva aura sarvajJa-siddhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| lokatattvanirNaya lokatattvanirNaya meM haribhadra neapanI udAra dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| isa graMtha meM jagat-sarjaka-saMcAlaka ke rUpa meM mAnegae IzvaravAda kI samIkSA tathA loka-svarUpa kI tAttvikatA kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM dharma ke mArga para calanevAlepAtra evaM apAtra kA vicAra karatehue supAtra kohI upadeza deneke vicAra kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| darzanasaptatikA isa prakaraNa meM samyaktavayukta zrAvakadharma kA 120 gAthAoM meM upadezasaMgRhIta hai| isa graMtha para zrImAnadevasUrikI TIkA hai| brahmasiddhisamuccaya _AcArya haribhadra dvArA racita isa saMskRta graMtha meM kula 423 padya hI upalabdha haiN| Adya pada meM mahAvIra konamaskAra kara brahmAdi ke svarUpa kobatAnekI pratijJA kI hai| isagraMtha meM sarvadharmoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| yahagraMthaapUrNapratIta hotA hai| sambodhaprakaraNa 1590 padyoM kI yaha prAkRta racanA bAraha adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| isameM guru, kuguru, samyaktva evaM deva kA svarUpa, zrAvakadharma aura pratimAeM, vrata, AlocanA tathA mithyAtva Adi kA varNana hai| isameM haribhadra ke yuga meM jaina muni saMgha meM Ae hue cAritrika patana kA sajIva citraNa hai jisakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| dharmabinduprakaraNa 542 sUtroM meM nibaddha yaha graMtha cAra adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM zrAvaka aura zramaNa-dharma kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| zrAvaka banAneke pUrva jIvana kopavitra aura nirmala banAnevAlepUrva mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsa guNoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| isa para municaMdrasUri neTIkA likhI hai|

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161 upadezapada . isa graMtha meM kula 1040 gAthAeM haiN| isa para municaMdrasUri nesukhabodhinI TIkA likhI hai| AcArya nedharmakathAnuyoga ke mAdhyama seisa kRti meM mandabuddhi vAloM ke prabodha ke lie jaina dharma ke upadezoM kosarala laukika kathAoM ke rUpa meM saMgrahIta kiyA hai| mAnava paryAya kI durlabhatA evaM buddhi camatkAra koprakaTa karaneke lie kaI kathAnakoM kA graMthana kiyA hai| manuSya-janma kI durlabhatA kocollaka, pAzaka, dhAnya, dyUta, ratna, svapana, cakrayUpaAdi dRSTAntoM ke dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| paMcavastuka (paMcavatthuga) AcArya haribhadra kI yaha kRti prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| isameM 1714 padya haiM jonimna pAMca adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai 1. pravrajyAvidhi ke aMtargata 228 padya haiN| isameM dIkSAsambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAna die gae haiN| ____ 2. nityakriyA sambaMdhI adhikAra meM 381 padya haiN| yaha munijIvana ke dainandina pratyayoM sambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAna kI carcA karatA hai| 3. mahAvratAropaNa vidhi ke aMtargata 321 padya haiN| isameM bar3I dIkSA arthAt mahAvratAropaNa vidhi kA vivecana huA hai, sAtha hI isameM sthavirakalpa, jinakalpa aura unasesambaMdhita upadhiAdi ke sambaMdha meM bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhikAra meM 434 gAthAeM haiN| inameM AcArya-pada sthApanA, gaNaanujJA, ziSyoM ke adhyayana Adi sambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kI carcA karatehue pUjAstavana Adi sambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA nirdeza isameM milatA haiN| paMcama adhikAra meM sallekhanAsambaMdhI vidhAna die gae haiN| isameM 350 gAthAeM haiN| - isa kRti kI 550 zloka parimANa ziSyahitA nAmaka svopajJa TIkA bhI milatI hai| vastutaH yaha graMtha vizeSa rUpa sejaina muni-AcAra sesambaMdhita hai aura isa vidhA kA yaha eka AkaragraMthabhI kahA jA sakatA hai| zrAvakaprajJapti (sAvayapaNNatti) 405 prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha yaha racanA zrAvakAcAra ke sambaMdha meM AcArya haribhadra kI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki isake pUrva AcArya

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162 umAsvAti nebhI isI nAma kI eka kRti saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha kI thii| yadyapi aneka graMthoM meM isakA ullekha milatA hai, paraMtu isakI Aja taka koI prati upalabdha nahIM huI hai| nAma sAmya ke kAraNa aneka bAra haribhadrakRta isa prAkRta kRti (sAvayapaNNatti) kotattvArthasUtra ke racayitA umAsvAti kI racanA mAna liyA jAtA hai, kiMtu yaha eka bhrAMti hI hai| paMcAzaka kI abhayadevasUri kRta vRtti meM aura lAvaNyasUri kRta dravya saptati meM iseharibhadra kI kRti mAnA gayA hai| isa kRti meM sAvaga (zrAvaka) zabda kA artha, samyaktva kA svarUpa navatattva, aSTakarma, zrAvaka ke 12 vrata aura zrAvaka samAcArI kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| - isa para svayaM AcArya haribhadra kI digpradA nAma kI svopajJa saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| isameM ahiMsANuvrata aura sAmAyikavrata kI carcA karatehue AcArya neaneka mahattvapUrNa praznoM kA uttara diyA hai| TIkA meM jIva kI nityAnityatA Adi dArzanika viSayoM kIbhIgambhIra carcA upalabdha hotI hai| jaina AcAra sambaMdhI graMthoM meM paMcavastuka tathA zrAvakaprajJapti ke atirikta aSTakaprakaraNa, SoDazakaprakaraNa, viMzikAeM aura paMcAzaka-prakaraNa bhI AcArya haribhadra kI mahattvapUrNa racanAeM haiN| aSTakaprakaraNa isagraMtha meM 8-8 zlokoM meM racita nimnalikhita 32 prakaraNa haiM (1) mahAdevASTaka, (2) snAnASTaka, (3) pUjASTaka, (4) agnikArikASTaka, (5) trividhabhikSASTaka, (6) sarvasampatkaribhakSASTaka, (7) pracchannabhojASTaka, (8) pratyAkhyAnASTaka, (9) jJAnASTaka, (10) vairAgyASTaka, (11) tapASTaka, (12) vAdASTaka, (13) dharmavAdASTaka, (14) ekAntanityavAdakhaNDanASTaka, (15) ekAntakSaNikavAda-khaNDanASTaka, (16) nityAnityavAdapakSamaMDanASTaka, (17) mAMsabhakSaNa-dUSaNASTaka, (18) mAMsabhakSaNamatadUSaNASTaka, (19) madyapAnadUSaNASTaka, (20) maithunadUSANASTaka , (21) sUkSmabuddhiparikSaNASTaka, (22) bhAvazuddhivicArASTaka, (23) jinamatamAlinya niSedhASTaka, (24) puNyAnubandhipuNyASTaka, (25) puNyAnubandhipuNyaphlASTaka, (26) tirthakRtadAnASTake, (27) dAnazaMkAparihArASTaka, (28) rAjyAdidAnadoSaparihArASTaka, (29) sAmAyikASTaka, (30) kevalajJanASTaka, (31) tIrthaMkaradezanASTaka, (32)

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moksssvruupaassttk| ina sabhI aSTakoM meM apanenAma ke anurUpa viSayoM kI carcA hai| dhUrtAkhyAna 163 yaha eka vyaMgyapradhAna racanA hai| isameM vaidika purANoM meM varNita asambhava aura avizvasanIya bAtoM kA pratyAkhyAna pAMca dhUrtoM kI kathAoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| lAkSaNika zailI kI yaha advitIya racanA hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM meM pAI jAnevAlI kathAoM kI aprAkRtika, avaijJAnika, abauddhika mAnyatAoM tathA pravRttiyoM kA kathA ke mAdhyama senirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| vyaMgya aura sujhAvoM ke mAdhyama seasambhava aura managar3haMta bAtoM kotyAganekA saMketa diyA gayA hai| khaDDapanA ke caritra aura bauddhika vikAsa dvArA nArI kovijaya dilAkara madhyakAlIna nArI ke caritra koudghATita kiyA gayA hai| dhyAnazatakavRtti pUrva RSipraNita dhyAnazataka graMtha kA gambhIra viSaya - Arta, raudra, dharma, zukla - ina cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA sugama vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| dhyAna kA yaha eka advitIya graMtha hai| yatidinakRtya ina graMtha meM mukhyatayA sAdhu ke dainika AcAra evaM kriyAoM kA varNana gayA hai| SaDAvazyaka ke vibhinna AvazyakoM kosAdhu ko apanedainika jIvana meM pAlana karanA cAhie, isakI vizada vivecanA isa graMtha meM kI gaI hai| paMcAzaka (paMcAsaga) AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yaha kRti jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita hai| isameM unnIsa pacAMzaka haiM, jisameM dUsaremeM 44 aura sattarahaveM meM 52 tathA zeSa meM 50-50 padya gaNi ziSya zrI caMdrasUri ke ziSya yazodeva nepahalepaMcAzaka para jaina mahArASTrI meM vi.saM. 1172 meM eka cUrNi likhI thI, jisameM prArambha meM tIna padya aura aMta meM prazasti ke cAra padya haiM, zeSa graMtha gadya meM hai, jisameM samyaktva ke prakAra, usake yAtanA, abhiyoga aura dRSTAnta ke sAtha-sAtha manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA Adi anyAnya viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| samAcArI viSaya kA aneka bAra ullekha huA hai| maNDanAtmaka zailI meM racita hone ke kAraNa isameM 'tulAdaNDa nyAya' kA ullekha bhI hai| Avazyaka cUrNi ke

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164 dezavirati meM jisa taraha navapayapayaraNa meM nau dvAroM kA pratipAdana hai, usI prakAra yahAM para bhI nau dvAroM kA ullekha hai| paMcAzakoM meM jaina AcAra aura vidhi-vidhAna ke sambaMdha meM aneka gambhIra praznoM koupasthita karake unake samAdhAna prastuta kie gae haiN| nimna unnIsa paMcAzaka upalabdha hote haiM - 1. zrAvakadharmavidhi 3. caityavandanavidhi 5. pratyAkhyAnavidhi 7. jinabhavananirmANavidhi 9. . yAtrAvidhi 11. sAdhudharmavidhi 13. piNDavidhAnavidhi 15. AlocanAvidhi 17. kalpava 19. tapavidhi 2. jinadIkSAvidhi 4. pUjAvidhi 6. stavanavidhi 8. jinabimbapratiSThAvidhi 10. upAsakapratimAvidhi 12. sAdhusamAcArI vidhi 14. zIlAMgavidhAnavidhi 16. prAyazcittavidhi 18. bhikSupratimAkalpavidhi uparokta paMcAzaka apane-apaneviSaya kogambhIratA sekiMtu saMkSepa meM prastuta karate haiN| ina sabhI paMcAzakoM kA mUla pratipAdya zrAvaka evaM muni AcAra se sambaMdhita haiM aura yaha spaSTa karatehaiM ki jaina paramparA meM zrAvaka aura muni ke lie karaNIya vidhividhAnoM kA svarUpa usa yuga meM kaisA thaa| isa prakAra hama dekhatehaiM ki AcArya haribhadra bahuAyAmI vyaktitva ke dhanI eka viziSTa pratibhAsampanna AcArya rahe haiN| unake dvArA kI gaI sAhitya sevA na kevala jaina sAhitya apitu sampUrNa bhAratIya vAMgmaya meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| haribhadra nejoudAtta dRSTi, asAmpradAyika vRtti aura nirbhayatA apanI kRtiyoM meM pradarzita kI hai, vaisI unake pUrvavartI athavA uttaravartI kisI bhI jaina - jainetara vidvAn nezAyada hI pradarzita kI ho| unhoMne anya darzanoM ke vivecana kI eka svastha paramparA sthApita kI tathA dArzanika aura yoga- paramparA meM vicAra evaM vartana kI jo abhinava dazA udghATita kI vaha vizeSakara Aja ke yuga ke asAmpradAyika evaM tulanAtmaka aitihAsika adhyayana ke kSetra meM adhika vyavahArya haiN|

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165 2. saMdarbha1. Avazyaka TIkA kI aMtima prazasti meM unhoMnelikhA hai- 'samAptA ceyaM ziSyahitA nAma aavshykttiikaa| kRtiH sitAmbarAcAryajinabhaTa- nigadAnusAriNo vidyAdharakulatilakAcAryajinadattaziSyasyadharmatoyAkinI mahattarAsUnoralpamaterAcArya hribhdrsy| jAiNimayahariAeraiyA eeudhmmputtenn| haribhaddAyarieNaMbhavarihaM icchaamaannenn|| - upadezapAda kI aMtima prazasti cirNjiivubhvvirhsuuritti| - kahAvalI, patra 301 a samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, paM. sukhalAlajI, pR. 40 SaDdarzanasamuccaya, sampAdaka DaoN. maheMdrakumAra, prastAvanA, pR. 14 6. vahI, prastAvanA, pR. 19 samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, pR. 43 vahI, pR.47 SaDdarzanasamuccaya, sampAdaka DaoN. maheMdrakumAra, prastAvanA, pR. 14 vahI, pR. 19 karmaNobhautikatvena yadvaitadapi saamprtm| AtmanovyatiriktaM tat citrbhaavNytomtm|| zaktirUpaMtadanyetu sUrayaH smprcksste| anyetu vAsanArUpaM vicitrphldNmtm|| .. -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 95-96 . 12. samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, pR. 53-54 13. vahI, pR.55 14. tatazcezvara kartRttvavAdo'yaM yujyteprm| samyagnyAyAvirodhena ythaa''huHshuddhbuddhtH|| IzvaraH paramAtmaiva tduktvrtsevnaat| yatomuktistatastasyAH kartA syaadunnbhaavtH|| mi ti o ni oo oo

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166 16. praka tadanAsevanAdeva ytsNsaaro'pitttvtH| tenetasyApi kartRtvaMkalpyAnaM ndussyti|| __-zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 203-205 15. paramaizvaryayuktatvAnmataH aatmaivceshvrH| sacakarteti nirdoSaH krtRvaadovyvsthitH|| - vahI, 207 prakRtiM cApisatryAyAtkarmaprakRtimeva hi|| evaM prakRtivAdo'pi vijJeyaH satya eva hi| kapiloktatvatazcaiva divyohisa mhaamuniH| . - vahI, 232-237 17. anyetvbhiddhtyevmetdaasthaanivRttye| kSaNika sarvamevetibuddhanoktaM na tttvtH|| vijJAnamAtramapyevaM braahysNgnivRttye| vineyAn kAMzcidAzritya yadvA tddeshnaa'rhtH|| - vahI, 464-465 18. anyevyaakhyaanyntyevNsmbhaavprsiddhye| advaitadezanAzAstrenirdiSTA na tu tttvtH||vhii, 550 19. jJAnayogAdatomuktiriti samyagvyavasthitam / tantrAntarAnurodhena gItaM cetthNndosskRt||vhii, 579 yaMzrutvAsarvazAstreSu praaystttvvinishcyH| jAyatedveSazamanaH svrgsiddhisukhaavhH||vhii, 21. yogadRSTisamuccaya, 87 evaM 88 zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 20 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 86-101 24. vahI, 107-109 citrAtu dezanaiteSAM syAd vineyaanugunnytH| ysmaadetemhaatmaanobhvvyaadhibhissgvraaH||- vahI, 134 yadvA tattannAyapekSA ttkaalaadiniyogtH| RSibhyodezanA citrA tanmUlaiSA'pi tttvtH|- vahI, 138

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167 30. 27. maggomaggoloebhaNaMti, svvemggnnaarhiyaa| - sambodhaprakaraNa, 1/4 pUrvArdha paramappa maggaNA jattha tammaggomukkha mgguti|| - vahI, 1/4 uttarArdha jatthaya visy-ksaayccaagomggohvijnnoannnno| - vahI, 1/5 pUrvArdha seyambaroya aasmbroybuddhoyahvannnnovaa| samabhAvabhAviappAlahai mukkhaM nsNdeho| - vahI, 1/3 naamaaicuppbheobhnnio| - vahI, 1/5 (vyAkhyA lekhakakIapanI hai|) 32. takkAijoya karaNAkhoraMpayauMghayaMjahA hujaa|- vahI, 1/7 33. bhAvagayaMtaM maggotassa visuddhiiiheunnobhnniyaa| - vahI, 1/11 pUrvArddha 34. tammiyapaDhamesuddesabbANi tynnusaaraanni| - vahI, 1/10 vahI, 1/19-104 vahI, 1/108 vahI, 2/10, 13,32, 33,34. 38. vahI, 2/34-36, 42, 46,49-50, 2/52, 56-74,88-92 vahI, 2/20 jaha asui tthaannNpddiyaacNpkmaalaankiirtesiise| pAsatthAiThANevaTTamANAiha apujaa||- vahI, 2/22 . jaicariuMnosakkosuddhaMjailiMga mhvpuuytttthii| togihiliMga giNhenoliMgI puuynnaariho||- vahI, 1/275 eyArisANadussIlayANasAhupisAyANamattipUvvaM / jevaMdaNanamaMsAikuvvaMtinamahApAvA? - vahI, 1/114 43. suhsiilaaoscchNdcaarinnoverinnosivphss| aannaabhttttaaobhujnnaaomaabhnnhsNvRtti|| devAi davvabhakkhaNatapparA taha umggpkkhkraa| sAhujANANapaosaMkAriNaM mAbhaNaMha sNgh|| jahammaanII ANAyAra sevinnodhmmniiiNpddikuulaa|

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168 44. 45. 46. 47. vemA 48. 49. sAhupabhiicaurovibahuyAavimAbhaNaha sNghN| asaMghasaMghajebhaNita rAgeNaahava dosenn| cheovA muhuttaM pacchittaMjAyae tesiN|| - vahI, 1/119-121, 123 gabbhapavesovivaraMbhaddavaronarayavAsa paasovi| mA jiNaANAlovakarevasaNaM naamsNgheve||- vahI, 2/132 vahI, 2/103 vahI, 2/104 vesAgihesugamaNaMjahA nisiddhaMsukula bhuyaannN| taha hINAyAra jai jaNasaMgasaDDANapar3isiddhaM / paraM dihrivisosappovaraM halAhalaM visN| hINAyAra agIyattha vynnpsNgNkhunnobhddo|| - vahI, zrAvaka-dharmAdhikAra, 2,3 vahI, 2/77-78 bAlAvaMyati evaM vesotitthakarANa esovi| nAmaNijjodhiddhi ahosirasUlaM ksspukkrimoN|| - vahI, 2/76 varaMvAhI varaM maccUvaraM daariddsNgmo| varaMaraNNevAsoya maakuliilaannsNgmo|| hiinnaayaarovivrNmaakusiilennsNgmobhdN| jamhAhINoappanAsaisavvaMhusIla nihiN|| vistAra ke lie dekheM sambodhaprakaraNa gurusvruupaadhikaar| isameM 375 gAthAoM meM suguru kA svarUpa varNita hai| noappaNaparAyA guruNokaiyA vihuMti sddddaannN| jinnvynnrynnnihinnosvvetevniyaagurunno|| - vahI, gurusvarUpAdhikAra, 3 lokatattvanirNaya, 32-33 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 129 jinaratnakoza, haridAmodara velaMkara, bhaMDArakara ArieNTala risarca insTIcyUTa, pUnA 1944, pR. 144 50. 53. 54. 55.

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169 9. jaTAsiMhanandI aura unakA varAMgacaritra ( IsvI san kI 7vIM evaM 8vIM zatI) 3 jaTAsiMhanandI yApanIya paraMparA se saMbaMddha rahe haiM, isa saMbaMdha meM jo bAhya sAkSya upalabdha haiM, unameM prathama yaha hai ki kannar3a kavi janna ne jaTAsiMhanandI ko 'kANUragaNa' kA batAyA hai / aneka abhilekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha kAragaNa prAraMbha meM 1 yApanIya paraMparA kA eka gaNa thaa| isa gaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha saudattI ke I . san dasavIM zatI (980) ke eka abhilekha se milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM gaNa ke sAtha yApanIya saMgha kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza hai|' yaha saMbhava hai ki isa gaNa kA astitva isake pUrva sAtavIM -AThavIM zatI meM bhI rahA ho| DaoN. upAdhye janna ke isa abhilekha ko zaMkA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| unakI isa zaMkA ke do kAraNa haiM- eka to yaha ki gaNoM kI utpatti aura itihAsa ke viSaya meM paryApta jAnakArI kA abhAva hai, dUsare jaTAsiMhanandinna samakAlIna bhI nahIM haiM / ' yaha satya hai ki donoM meM lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa kA aMtarAla haiM, kintu mAtra kAlabheda ke kAraNa janma kA kathana bhrAMta ho, hama DaoN. upAdhye ke isa mantavya se sahamata nahIM haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki yApanIya paraMparA ke kANUra Adi kucha gaNoM kA ullekha Age calakara mUlasaMgha aura kundakundAnvaya ke sAtha bhI huA hai, kintu isase unakA mUla meM yApanIya honA apramANita nahIM ho jAtA / kANUragaNa ke hI 12vIM zatAbdI taka ke abhilekhoM meM yApanIya saMgha ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / (dekheM - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 5, lekha kramAMka 117) isake atirikta svayaM DaoN. upAdhye ne 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke kucha zilAlekhoM meM kANUragaNa ke siMhanandI ke ullekha ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ' yadyapi ina lekhoM meM kANUragaNa ke ina siMhanandI ko kahIM mUlasaMgha aura kahIM kundakundAnvaya kA batAyA gayA hai, lekina smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki yaha lekha usa samaya kA hai, jaba yApanIya sahita sabhI apane ko mUla saMgha se jor3ane lage the / punaH, ina lekhoM meM siMhanandI kA kANUragaNa ke AdyAcArya ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / unakI paraMparA meM prabhAcandra, guNacandra, mAghanandI, prabhAcandra, anantavIrya, municandra, prabhAcandra Adi kA ullekha hai - yaha lekha to bahuta samaya pazcAt likhA gayA hai / punaH, ina lekhoM meM bhI prAraMbha meM jaTAsiMhanandI AcArya kA ullekha hai, vahA~ na to mUlasaMgha kA ullekha hai aura na kundakundAnvaya kA, vahA~ mAtra kANUragaNa kA ullekha hai / yaha kANUragaNa prAraMbha meM yApanIya gaNa thA / ataH, siddha hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI kANUragaNa ke AdyAcArya rahe hoNge|

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170 ina zilAlekhoM meM siMhanandI ko gaMga vaMza kA samuddhAraka kahA gayA hai| yadi gaMga vaMza kA prAraMbha I. san caturtha zatI mAnA jAtA hai, to gaMga vaMza ke saMsthApaka siMhanandI jaTAsiMhanandI se bhinna hone caahie|punH, kANUragaNakAastitva bhI I.san kI 7vIM - 8vIM zatI ke pUrva jJAta nahIM hotA hai| saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI kANUragaNa ke AcArya rahe hoMge aura unakA gaMga vaMza para adhika prabhAva rahA ho| ataH, Age calakara unheM gaMga vaMza kA uddhAraka mAna liyA gayA ho tathA gaMga vaMza ke uddhAra kI kathA unase jor3a dI gaI ho| (3) janna ne anantanAtha purANa meM na kevala jaTAsiMhanandI kA ullekha kiyA hai, apitu unake sAtha-sAtha hI kANUragaNa ke indranandI AcArya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai|' hama chedapiNDa zAstra kI paraMparA kI carcA karate samaya aneka pramANoM se yaha siddha kara cuke haiM ki jaTAsiMhanandI ke samakAlIna yA unase kiMcita paravartI ye indranandI rahe haiM, jinakA ullekha zAkaTAyana Adi aneka yApanIya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai / janna ne jaTAsiMhanandIaura indranandI donoM ko kANUragaNa kA batAyA hai| (4) koppala meM purAnI kannar3a meM eka lekha bhI upalabdha hotA hai, jisake anusAra jaTAsiMhanandI ke caraNa-cihnoM ko cAvvaya ne banAyA thaa| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI kA samAdhimaraNa sambhavataH koppala meM huA ho| punaH, DaoN. upAdhyene gaNabheda nAmaka aprakAzita kannar3agraMtha ke AdhAra para yaha bhI mAna liyA hai ki koppala yA kopana yApanIyoM kA mukhya pITha thaa| ataH, koppala/kopana se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNajaTAsiMhanandI ke yApanIya hone kI saMbhAvanA adhika prabala pratIta hotI hai| (5) yApanIya paraMparA meM muni ke lie yati' kA prayogaadhika pracalitarahA hai| yApanIya AcArya pAlyakIrtizAkaTAyana ko yatigrAmAgraNI' kahA gayA hai| hama dekhate haiM ki jaTAsiMhanandI ke isa varAMgacarita meM bhI muni ke lie yati' zabda kA prayoga bahutAyata se huaahaiN|grNthkaar kI yaha pravRtti usake yApanIya hone kA saMketa karatI hai| (6) varAMgacarita meM siddhasena ke sanmatitarka kA bahuta adhika anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| aneka AdhAroM para yaha siddha hotA hai ki sanmatitarka ke kartA siddhasena kisI bhI sthiti meM digambara paraMparA se sambaddha nahIM rahe haiN| yadi ve 5vIM zatI ke pazcAt hue haiM, to nizcita hI zvetAmbara haiM aura yadi usake pUrva hue haiM, to adhika se adhika

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171 3/54 zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paraMparA kI pUrvaja uttara bhAratIya nirgrantha dhArA se sambaddha rahe haiN| unake sanmatitarka meM kramavAda ke sAtha-sAtha yugapadavAda kI samIkSA, Agamika paraMparA kA anusaraNa, kRti kA mahArASTI prAkRta meM honA Adi tathya isI saMbhAvanA ko puSTa karate haiN| varAMgacarita ke 26veM sarga ke aneka zloka sanmatitarka ke prathama aura tRtIya kANDa kI gAthAoM kA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa mAtra lagate haiN| varAMgacarita sanmatitarka varAMgacarita sanmatitarka 26/52 1/6 26/65 1/52 26/53 1/9 26/69 3/47 26/54 1/11 26/70 26/55 1/12 26/71 3/55 26/57 1/17 26/72 3/53 26/58 1/18 26/78 3/69 26/60 1/21 26/90 3 /69 26/61 1/22 26/99 3/67 26/62 1/23-24 26/100 3/68 26/63 1/25 26/64 1/51 varAMgacaritakAra jaTAsiMhanandI dvArA siddhasena kA yaha anusaraNa isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki ve siddhasena se nikaTa rUpa se jur3e hue haiN| siddhasena kA prabhAva zvetAmbaroM ke sAtha-sAtha yApanIyoM ke kAraNa punnATasaMghIya AcAryoM evaM paMcastUpAnvaya ke AcAryoM para bhI dekhA jAtA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI usa yApanIya athavA kUrcaka paraMparA se saMbaMdhita rahe hoMge, joaneka bAtoM meM zvetAmbaroM kI Agamika paraMparA ke nikaTa thii| yadi siddhasena zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja AcArya haiM, to yApanIya AcAryoM ke dvArA unakA anusaraNa saMbhava hai| yadyapi varAMgacarita ke isI sarga kI do gAthAoM para samantabhadra kA bhI prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai, kintu siddhasena kI apekSA yahaprabhAva alpamAtrA meM haiN|" (7) varAMgacarita meM aneka saMdarbho meM AgamoM, prakIrNakoM evaM niyuktiyoM kA anusaraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama to usameM kahA gayA hai- "una varAMgamuni ne

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172 alpakAla meM hI AcArAMga aura aneka prakIrNakoM kA samyak adhyayana karake kramapUrvaka aMgoM evaM pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyaa"|" isa prasaMga meM prakIrNakoM kA ullekha mahatvapUrNa hai| viSayavastu kI dRSTi se to isake aneka sargoM meM AgamoM kA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| vizeSa rUpa se svarga, naraka, karma-siddhAMta Adi saMbaMdhI vivaraNa meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA anusaraNa huA hai| jaTAsiMhanandI ne caturtha sarga meM jo karmasiddhAMta kA vivaraNa diyA hai, usake aneka zloka apane prAkRta rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana ke tIsaveM karmaprakRti nAmaka adhyayana meM yathAvat milate haiM - uttarAdhyayana varAMgacarita 30/2-3 ___4/2-3 30/4-6 4/24-25 30/8-9 4/25-26-27 30/10-11 4/28-29 30/12 4/33 (AMzika) 30/13 4/35 (AMzika) 30/15 4/37 yadyapi saMpUrNa vivaraNa kI dRSTi se varAMgacarita kA karmasiddhAMta saMbaMdhI vivaraNa uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA vikasita pratIta hotA hai| isI prakAra kI samAnatA svarga-naraka ke vivaraNa meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM 36veM adhyayana kI gAthA kramAMka 284 se 296 taka varAMgacarita ke nauveM sarga ke zloka 1 se 12 taka kiMcit zAbdika parivartana ke sAtha saMskRta rUpa meM pAI jAtI hai / Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki jaTAsiMhanandIbhIAgamoM ke anurUpabAraha devalokoM kI carcA karate haiN| ... isI prakAra, prakIrNaka sAhitya kI bhI aneka gAthAe~ varAMgacarita meM apane saMskRta rUpAMtara ke sAtha pAyI jAtI haiM, dekheM dasaNabhaTTho bhaTTho, nahubhaTTho hoicrnnbbhttttho| dasaNamaNupattassa upriyddnnNntthisNsaare||65|| dasaNabhaTThobhaTTho, daMsaNabhaTThassanatthi nivvaannN| ' sijhaMti caraNarahiyA, daMsaNarahiyAna sijhNti||66|| - bhaktaparijJA

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- 173 tulanIya darzanAddhRSTa evAnubhraSTa itybhidhiiyte| nahi cAritravibhraSTobhraSTa ityucyate budhaiH||96|| mahatA tapasAyukto mithyaadRssttirsNytH| tasya sarvajJasaMdRSTyA saMsAro'nanta ucyte||97|| -varAMgacarita, sarga-26 isI prakAra varAMgacarita ke nimna zloka Atura pratyAkhyAna meM pAye jAte haiMekastu me zAzvatika : sa AtmA sdRssttisjjnyaangunnairupetH| zeSAzca me bAhyatamAzca bhAvA: sNyogsllkssnnlkssitaaste||101|| saMyogato doSamavApa jIvaH parasparaM naikvidhaanubndhi| tasmAdvisaMyogamato durantamAjIvitAntAdehamutsRjAmi / / 102 // sarveSu bhUteSu manaH samaM me vairaM na me kenacidasti kiMcit / AzAM punaH klezasahasramUlAM hitvA samAdhiM laghu saMprapadye // 103 // - varAMgacarita, sarga 31 tulanIya ego me sAsao appA naann-dNsnnsNjuo| sesA me bahirA bhAvA savve sNjoglkkhnnaa||27|| saMjogamUlA jIveNaM pattA dukkhprNpraa| tamhA saMjogasaMbaMdha savvaM bhAveNa vosire // 28 // sammaM me savvabhUesu vera majjha na kennii| AsAo vosirittANaM samAhiM paDivajjae / // 22 // - AturapratyAkhyAna ye tInoM gAthAeM AturapratyAkhyAna se sIdhe varAMgacarita meM gaIM yA mUlAcAra ke mAdhyama se varAMgacarita meM gaIM, yaha eka alaga prazna hai| mUlAcAra yApanIya graMtha hai, ataH yadi ye gAthAe~ mUlAcAra se bhI lI gaI hoM, to bhI jaTAsiMhanandI aura unake graMtha varAMgacarita ke yApanIya hone kI hI puSTi hotI hai| yadyapi kundakunda ke graMthoM meM bhI ye gAthAe~ pAI jAtI haiM, kiMtu itanA nizcita hai ki kundakunda ne bhI ye gAthAe~ mUlAcAra se hI lI hoNgii| punaH, mUlAcAra meM AturapratyAkhyAna kI lagabhaga sabhI gAthAe~ samAhita kara lI gaI haiM, ataH antatogatvA to yegAthAe~ Atura pratyAkhyAna se hI lI gaI haiN|

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174 Avazyakaniyukti kIbhI nimna do gAthAe~ varAMgacarita meM milatI haiMhayaM nANaM kiyAhINaM, hayAannANao kiyaa| pAsaMto paMgulo daDDho dhaavmaannoaaNdho||101|| saMjogasiddhIi phalaM vayaMti, nahu egacakkeNa rhopyaai| aMdhoyapaMgUyavaNesamiccA te sNputtaangrNpvitthtthaa||102|| tulanIya kriyAhInaMca yajjJAnaMnatu siddhiM prycchti| . paripazyanyathA paGgumugdho dagdho dvaagninaa||99|| tau yathAsaMprayuktau tu dvaagnimdhigcchtH| tathA jJAnacAritrAbhyAM sNsaaraanmucytepumaan||101|| - varAMgacarita, sarga 26 Agama, prakIrNaka aura niyukti sAhitya kA yaha anusaraNa jaTAsiMhanandI aura unake graMtha ko digambaretara yApanIya yAkUrcaka sampradAya kA siddha karatA hai| (8) jaTAsiMhanandI ne na kevala siddhasena kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, apitu unhoMne vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA bhI anusaraNa kiyA hai| cAhe yaha anusaraNa unhoMne sIdhe rUpa se kiyA ho yAraviSeNa ke padmacarita ke mAdhyama se kiyA ho, kintu itanA satya hai ki una para yaha prabhAva AyA hai| varAMgacarita ke zrAvaka ke vratoM kI jo vivecanA upalabdha hotI hai, vaha na to pUrNataH zvetAmbara paraMparA ke upAsakadazA ke nikaTa hai aura na pUrNataH digambara paraMparA dvArA mAnya tattvArtha ke pUjyapAda devanandI ke sarvArthasiddhi ke mUlapATha ke nikaTa hai, apitu vaha vimalasUrike paumacariyaM ke nikaTa haiN| paumacariyaM ke samAna hI isameM bhI dezAvakAsita vrata kA antarbhAva divrata meM mAnakara usa rikta sthAna kI pUrti ke lie saMlekhanA ko bArahavA~ zikSAvrata mAnA gayA hai"| kundakunda ne bhI isa paraMparA kA anusaraNa kiyaahai"| kundakunda vimalasUri seto nizcita hI paravartI haiM aura sambhavataH jaTAsiMhanandI se bhI, ataH unake dvArA kiyA gayA yaha anusaraNa asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai| smaraNa rahe ki kundakunda ne trasa-sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa, caturvidha mokSamArga Adi ke saMbaMdha meM bhI Agamika paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai aura unake graMthoM meM prakIrNakoM kI aneka gAthAe~ milatI haiN| vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA anusaraNa, raviSeNa, svayambhU Adi aneka yApanIya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, ataH jaTAsiMhanandI ke yApanIya hone kI saMbhAvanA prabala pratIta hotI hai|

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175 (9) jaTAsiMhanandI ne varAMgacarita ke nauveM sarga meM kalpavAsI devoM ke prakAroM kA jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha digambara paraMparA se bhinna hai| vaimAnika devoM ke bheda ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM spaSTa rUpase matabheda haiN| jahA~ zvetAmbara paraMparA vaimAnika devoM ke 12 vibhAgamAnatI hai, vahA~ digambara paraMparA unake 16 vibhAgamAnatI hai| isa sandarbha meM jaTAsiMhanandI spaSTa rUpa se zvetAmbara yAAgamika paraMparA ke nikaTa haiM / ve nauveMsarga ke dvitIya zloka meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki kalpavAsI devoM ke bAraha bheda haiN"| punaH, isI sarga ke sAtaveM zloka se nauveM zloka taka uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke samAna una 12 devalokoM ke nAma bhI ginAte haiM / yahA~ ve spaSTa rUpa se na kevala digambara paraMpasa se bhinna hote haiM, balki kisI sImA taka yApanIyoM se bhI bhinna pratIta hote haiN| yadyapi yaha saMbhAvanA hai ki yApanIyoM meM prAraMbha meM AgamoM kA anusaraNa karate hue 12 bheda mAnane kI pravRtti rahI hogI, kintu bAda meM digambara paraMparA yA anya kisI prabhAva se unameM 16 bheda mAnane kI paraMparA vikasita huI hogii| tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM tathA tiloyapaNNatti meM ina donoM hI paramparAoM ke bIja dekhe jAte haiN| tattvArthasUtra kA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya yApanIya pATha jahA~ devoM ke prakAroM kI carcA karatA hai, vahA~ vaha 12 kA nirdeza karatA hai, kintu jahA~ vaha unake nAmoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai, to vahA~ 16 nAma prastuta karatA hai"| yativRSabha ko tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI 12 aura 16 donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ hone kA spaSTa ullekha pAyA jAtA hai"| isase spaSTa lagatA hai ki prAraMbha meM Agamika mAnyatA kA anusaraNa karate hue yApanIyoM meM aura yadi jaTAsiMhanandI kUrcaka haiM, to kUrcakoM meM bhI kalpavAsI devoM ke 12 prakAra mAnane kI paraMparA rahI hogii| Age, yApanIyoM meM 16 devalokoM kI mAnyatA kisI anya paraMparA ke prabhAva se AyI hogii| __ (10) varAMgacarita meM varAMgakumAra kI dIkSA kA vivaraNa dete hue likhA hai ki'zramaNa aura AryikAoM ke samIpa jAkara tathA unakA vinayopacAra (vandana) karake vairAgyayukta varAMgakumAra ne ekAMta meM jA suMdara AbhUSaNoM kA tyAga kiyA tathA guNa, zIla, tapa evaM prabuddha tatva rUpI samyak zreSTha AbhUSaNa tathA zveta zubhra vastroM ko grahaNa karake ve jinendra dvArA pratipAdita mArga meM agrasara hue" / dIkSita hote samaya mAtra AbhUSaNoM kA tyAga karanA tathA zveta zubhra vastroM ko grahaNa karanA digambara paraMparA meM virodha meM jAtA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI digambara paramparA se bhinna

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176 kisI anya paraMparA kA anusaraNa karane vAle the| yApanIyoM meM apavAda mArga meM dIkSita hote samaya rAjA Adi kA nagna honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gayA thaa| cUMki varAMgakumAra rAjAthe, ataH saMbhava hai ki unheM savastra hI dIkSita hote dikhAyA gayA ho| yApanIya graMtha bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM usakI aparAjitA TIkA meM hameM aise nirdeza milate haiM, rAjA Adi kulIna puruSa dIkSita hote samaya yA saMthArA grahaNa karate samaya apavAdaliMga (savastra) rakha sakate haiN"| punaH, varAMgacarita meM hameM muni kI caryA ke prasaMga meM hemantakAla meM zIta-pariSaha sahate samaya muni ke lie mAtra eka bAra digambara zabda kA prayoga milA hai / sAmAnyatayA 'vizIrNavastrA' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| eka sthala para avazya muniyoM ko nirastrabhUSA' kahA gayA hai, "kintu nirastrabhUSA kA artha sAja-sajjA se rahita hotA hai, nagna nhiiN| ye kucha aise tathya haiM, jina para varAMgacarita kI paraMparA kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA jAnA caahie| maiM cAhU~gA ki Age Ane vAle vidvAn saMpUrNa graMtha kAgaMbhIratApUrvaka AloDana karake isa samasyA para vicAra kreN| __sAdhviyoM ke prasaMga meM carcA karate samaya unheM jIrNa-zIrNa vastroM ko dhAraNa karane vAlI athavA vizIrNa vastroM meM AvRtta deha vAlI kahA gayA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki varAMgacaritakAra jaTAsiMhanandI ko strI dIkSA aura savastra dIkSA mAnya thI, jabaki kundakundastrI dIkSA kA spaSTa niSedha karate hai| (11) varAMgacarita meM striyoM ke dIkSA kA spaSTa ullekha hai, usameM kahIM bhI aisA ullekha nahIM hai ki strI ko upacAra se mahAvrata hote haiM, jaisA ki digambara paraMparA mAnatI hai| isa graMtha meM unheM tapodhanA, amitaprabhAvI, gaNAgraNI, saMyamanAyikA jaise sammAnita padoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| sAdhvI varga ke prati aisA AdarabhAva koI zvetAmbara yA yApanIya AcArya hI prastuta kara sakatA hai / ataH, itanA nizcita hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI kA varAMgacarita kundakunda kI usa digambara paraMparA kA graMtha nahIM ho sakatA, jo striyoM kI dIkSA niSedha karatI ho, yA unako upacAra se hI mahAvrata kahe gaye haiM- aisA mAnatI ho| kundakundane sUtraprAbhRta gAthA kramAMka 25 meM evaM liGgaprAbhRta gAthA kramAMka 20 meM strI dIkSA kAspaSTa niSedha kiyA hai, yaha hama pUrva meM dikhA cuke haiN| / (12) varAMgacarita meM zramaNoM aura AryikAoM ko vastradAna kI carcA hai| yaha tathya digambara paraMparA ke viparIta hai| usameM likhA hai ki vaha nRpati muni puGgavoM ko

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177 AhAradAna, zramaNoM aura AryikAoM ko vastra aura annadAna tathA daridroM ko yAcita. dAna (kimicchadAnaM) dekara kRtArtha huaa|" yahA~ prazna upasthita hotA hai ki mUla zloka meM jahA~ muni puGgavoM ke lie AhAradAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vahAM zramaNa aura AryikAoM ke lie vastra aura anna (AhAra) ke dAna kA prayoga huA hai| saMbhavataH, yahA~ acela muniyoM ke lie hI munipuGgava' zabda kA prayoga huA hai aura sacela muni ke lie zramaNa' / bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM usakI aparAjita kI TIkA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM apavAda mArga meM muni ke lie vastra-pAtra grahaNa karane kA nirdeza hai| vastrAdi ke saMdarbha meM uparokta sabhI tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI aura unakA varAMgacarita bhI yApanIya/kUrcaka paraMparA se sambaddha rahA hai| (13) varNa-vyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM bhI varAMgacarita ke kartA jaTAsiMhanandI kA dRSTikoNa Agamika dhArA ke anurUpa evaM ati udAra hai| unhoMne varAMgacarita ke paccIsaveM sarga meM janmanAAdhAra para varNa vyavasthA kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki varNa vyavasthA karma vizeSa ke AdhAra para hI nizcita hotI hai, isase anyarUpa meM nahIM "jAtimAtra se koI vipra nahIM hotA, apitu jJAna, zIla Adi se brAhmaNa hotA hai| jJAna se rahita brAhmaNa bhI nikRSTa hai, kintu jJAnI zUdra bhI vedAdhyayana kara sakatA hai| vyAsa, vasiSTha, kamaTha, kaNTha, droNa, parAzaraAdine apanI sAdhanA aura sadAcAra se hI brAhmaNatva ko prApta kiyA thaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki varNa-vyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM varAMgacaritakAra kA dRSTikoNa uttarAdhyayana Adi kI Agamika dhArA ke nikaTa hai| punaH, isa AdhAra para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI usa digambara paramparA ke nahIM haiM, jo zUdra jalagrahaNa aura zUdra mukti kA niSedha karatI hai| isase jaTAsiMhanandI aura unake graMthavarAMgacarita ke yApanIya athavA kUrcaka hone kIpuSTi hotI hai| saMdarbha1. .... yApanIyasaMghapratItakaNDUrNaNAbdhi ... / jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhakramAMka 160. 2. dekheM - varAMgacarita, bhUmikA (aMgrejI), pR. 16.

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. dekheM - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 267,277, 299. vahI, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 267, 277, 299. jJAtavya hai ki kAraNako mUla saMgha, kundakundAnvaya aura meSapASANa gaccha se jor3ane vAle ye lekha na kevala paravartI haiM, apitu inameM ekarUpatA bhI nahIM hai. varAMgacarita, saM. e. ena. upAdhye, bhUmikA (aMgrejI), pRSTha 16 para uddhRtavaMdyU jaTAsiMhaNaMdyAcAryadIMdrAMdyAcArya di muni parA kANUrgaNaM / -anantanAtha purANa 1/17. dekheM - jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pro. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 145-146. dekheM - varAMgacarita, saM. - e. ena. upAdhye, bhUmikA (aMgrejI), pR. 17. dekheM - yApanIya saMgha para kucha aura prakAza, e. ena. upAdhye, anekAMta, vIra nirvANa vizeSAMka 1975. 9. yatInAM (3/7), yatIndra (3/43), yatipatinA (5/113), yati 178 (5/114), yatinA (8/68), vIracaryA yatayobabhUvuH (30/61), yatipatiM (30/99), yati: ( 31/ 21 ). 10. dekheM- varAMgacarita 26/82-83, tulanIya svayambhUstotra ( samaMtabhadra) -102-103. 11. AcAramAdau samadhItya dhImAnprakIrNakAdhyAyamanekabhedam / aGgAni pUrvAMzca yathAnupUrvyAmalpairahobhiH samamadhyagISTa // 12. sthUlAmahiMsAmapi satyavAkyacoratAdArarativrataM ca / bhogopabhogArthaparipramANamanarthadigdezanivRttitAM ca // - varAMgacarita, 31 / 18. sAmAyikaM proSadhapAtradAnaM sallekhanAM jIvitasaMzaye ca / gRhasthadharmasya hi sAra eSaH saMkSepataste'bhinigadyate sma // dekhie - varAMgacarita- 22 / 29 - 30, varAMgacarita - 15/111-125.

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tulanIya- paJcayaaNuvvayAI, tinnnnevgunnvvyaaiNbhnniyaaii| * sikkhAvayANi etto, cattAri jinnovitttthaanni||112|| thUlayaraM pANivahaM, mUsAvAyaM adttdaannNc| parajuvaINa nivittI, saMtosavayaM cpnycmyN||113|| disividisANayaniyamo, anntthdnnddsthvjjnnNcev| uvabhogaparimANaM, tiNNevaguNavvayA aie||114|| sAmAiyaMca uvvaasposhoatihisNvibhaagoy| antesamAhimaraNaM, sikkhaasuvyaaiNcttaari||115|| - paumacariyaM uddezaka 14 13. paMcevaNuvvayAiM guNavvayAiM havaMti taha tinnnni| sikkhAvaya cttaariysNjmcrnnNcsaayaarN| thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adttthuuley| pariharoparamahilA prigghaarNbhprimaannN|| disividisimANaM paDhamaMaNatthadaMDassa vajjaNaM vidiyN| .. bhogopabhogaparimANa iyamevaguNavvayA tinnnni|| sAmAiyaM capaDhamaM vidiyNcthevposhNbhnniyN| taiyaM ca atihipujjNcutthsllehnnaaaNte|| - carittapAhuDa, gAthA 23-26 14. dazaprakArAbhavanAdhipAnAMte vyntraastvssttvighaabhvnti| jyotirgaNAzcApidazArdhabhedA dviSaTprakArAH khalu klpvaasaaH|| ___ - varAMgacarita- 9/2, 15. saudharmakalpaH prathamopadiSTa aishaanklpshcpunrdvitiiyH| sanatkumArodyutimAMstutIyomAhendrakalpazca caturtha uktH|| brAhmyaM punaH paJcamamAhurAryAste laantvNsssstthmudaahrnti| sasaptamaH zukra iti prarUDhaH kalpasahastrAra ito'ssttmstu|| yamAnataM tannavamaM vadanti sa prANato yo dazamastu vrnnyH| ekAdazaMtvAraNamAmananti tamAraNaM dvaadshmcyutaantm|| - varAMgacarita, 9/7-8-9

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180 16. dazASTapaJcadvAdazavikalpAH klpopppnnpryNntaaH| - tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka-paM. phUlacandra zAstrI, 4/3, pR. 118 dekheM - 4/19 meM 16 kalpoM kA nirdeza hai| 17. vArasa kappA keI keI solasa vadaMti AiriyA // 115 / / sohmmiisaannsnnkkumaarmaahiNdbmhlNtvyaa| mahasukkasahassArA aanndpaanndyaarnnccudyaa|120|| - tiloyapaNNattI, AThavA~ adhikAra 19. tato hi gatvA zramaNArjikAnAM samIpabhyetya kRtopcaaraaH| viviktadeze vigatAnurAgAjahurvarAGgayo vrbhuussnnaani||93|| guNAzcazIlAni tapAMsicaivaprabuddhatattvAH sitshubhrvstraaH| saMgRhya samyagvarabhUSaNAni jinendramArgAbhiratA bbhuukH||94|| -varAMgacarita- 29/93-94 20. AvasadhevAappAuggejovA mahaDhDhio hirimN| micchajaNesajaNevA tassa hojjaavavAdiyaM liNgN||78|| Age isakI TIkA dekheM - 'apavAdikaliMgasacelaliMga' - bhagavatI ArAdhanA, bhAga 1, aparAjita TIkA, pR. 114 21. hemantakAle dhRtibaddhakakSA digambarA hybhrvkaashyogaaH| - varAMgacarita- 30/32 4. .... kRtkeshlocH|- vahI 302 22. vizIrNavastrAvRtagAtrayaSTayastAH kASThamAtrapratimA bbhuuvuH| - varAMgacarita- 31/13 23. (a) itthIsuNa paavyaabhnniyaa| (ba) daMsaNaNANacaritte mahilAvaggammi dehi viisttttho| pAsattha vihu NiyaTThobhAvaviNaTToNa so smnno|| -liMgapAhuDa 20 24. (a) narendrapanya : zrutizIlabhUSA... pratipannadIkSAstadA babhUvuH paripUrNakAmA H||31/1||diikssaadhiraajyshriymbhyupetaa... // 31/2// (ba) naravaravanitA vimucyasAdhvIzamupayayuH svpuraannibhuumipaalaaH||29/99// (sa) vratAnizIlAnyamRtopamAni... / / 31/4 / / (da) mahendrapatnyaH zramaNatvamApya... ||31/113||-vraaNgcrit

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181 25. tapodhanAnAmamitaprabhAvAgaNAgraNI sNymnaaykaasaa| - varAMgacarita- 31/6 26. "AhAradAnaM muni puGgavebhyo, vastrAnnadAnaM shrmnnaaryikaabhyH| kimicchadAnaMkhalu durgatebhyo datvAkRtArthoM nRptirbbhuuv| ___ -varAMgacarita- 23/92 * (jJAtavya hai ki mUla meM prUpha kI azuddhise zramaNa sthAna para zravaNa chapa gayA hai|) 27. (a) ApavAdika liNgscelliNgN....| - bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA, pR. 114 (ba) cattArijaNAbhattaM ubakappeMti... cattArijaNA rakkhanti daviyamuvakappiyaMtayaM tehi| - bhagavatI ArAdhanA 661 evaM 663 28. kriyaavishessaadvyvhaarmaatraaddyaabhirkssaakRssishilpbhedaat| ziSTAzca varNAzcaturo vadanti na cAnyathA varNacatuSTayaM syaat|| ___ - varAMgacarita, 25/11

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10- apabhraMza ke mahAkavi svayambhU ( IsvI san kI 8vIM zatI) 182 mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva kA apabhraMza sAhitya ke kaviyoM meM mahatvapUrNa avadAna hai| puSpadanta ne unheM vyAsa, bhAsa, kAlidAsa, bhAravI aura bANa ke samakakSa kavi mAnA hai / ve 'mahAkavi', 'kavirAja', 'kavi cakravarttI' jaisI upAdhiyoM se sammAnita the / yadyapi svayaMbhU kI tIna mahatvapUrNa kRtiyA~ Aja bhI avikala rUpa se upalabdha haiM, phira bhI unase unake jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM bahuta kama jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai| unakI ina kRtiyoM meM unake janma-sthAna, kula, paramparA, samaya Adi ke saMbaMdha meM bahuta kama sUcanAe~ prApta haiM / jahA~ taka svayaMbhU ke pArivArika jIvana kA prazna hai, hameM mAtra itanI hI jAnakArI prApta hai ki unake putroM meM eka putra kA nAma tribhuvanasvayaMbhU thA, jisane apane pitA kI adhUrI kRti ko pUrNa kiyA thaa| isake sAtha hI svayaMbhU kI kRtiyoM meM unake pitA mArutadeva aura mAtA padmanI kA ullekha milatA hai| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki unakI mAtA padmanI ke samAna hI suMdara thii| ina sAmAnya sUcanAoM ke atirikta unakI vaMza paraMparA Adi kI vistRta jAnakArI aprApta hai / svayaMbhU kI do patniyA~ thIM, eka amRtAmba aura dUsarI AdityAmbA | paMDita nAthUrAma premI ne unakI tIsarI patnI suambA kA bhI anumAna kiyA hai, jo saMbhavataH unake putra tribhuvanasvayaMbhU kI mAtA thI / svayaMbhU kA ka jahA~ taka svayaMbhU ke samaya kA prazna hai, unakI kRtiyoM meM kahIM bhI racanAkAla kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai, phira bhI unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM bANa, zrIharSa, raviSeNa Adi kA smaraNa kiyA hai, isase kucha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| raviSeNa ke padmacaritra kA racanAkAla I. san 677 mAnA jAtA hai, ataH itanA nizcita hai ki svayaMbhU I. san 677 ke pazcAt hI hue haiN| punaH, puSpadanta ne apane mahApurANa meM apane pUrvavartI kaviyoM meM svayaMbhU kA ullekha kiyA hai| puSpadanta ke mahApurANa kA racanAkAla I. san 960 hai / ataH, itanA nizcita hotA hai ki svayaMbhU I. san 677 meM 960 ke bIca kabhI hue haiM, svayaMbhU dvArA raviSeNa kA ullekha tathA jinasena kA anullekha yaha bhI sUcita karatA hai ki ve jinasena ke kucha pUrva hI hue hoNge| jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa kA racanAkAla I. san 783 mAnA jAtA hai, ataH svayaMbhU kA samaya I. san 677 se I. san 783 ke madhya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi yaha eka abhAvAtmaka sAkSya hai, isIlie

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183 pro. bhayANI ise mAnya nahIM karate haiN| saMbhavataH, unake isa kathana kA AdhAra svayaMbhUdvArA rASTakUTa rAjA dhruva ke sAmanta dhanaJjaya kA apane AzrayadAtA ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| unhoMne paumacariu ke vidyAdhara kANDa meM svayaM hI yaha ullekha kiyA hai, unhoMne dhruva ke hetu isakI racanA kii| itihAsakAroM ne rASTakUTa rAjA dhruva kA kAla I. san 780 se 794 mAnA hai| svayambhU inake samakAlIna rahe hoNge| svayambhU dvArA apanI kRtiyoM meM kANDoM kI samApti meM vAro, nakSatroM Adi kA ullekha to kiyA gayA hai, kintu durbhAgyase saMvat kA ullekha kahIM nahIM hai| inake anusAra, pillAI paJcAGga ke AdhAra para pro. bhayANI ne yaha mAnA ki yuddhakANDa 31 maI 717 ko samApta huA hogA, kintu yaha mAtra anumAna hI hai, kyoMki yahA~ saMvat se spaSTa ullekha kA abhAva hai| phira bhI, itanA to sunizcita hai ki svayambhUI. san kI 8vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha evaM nauvIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha arthAt I. san 751 se 850 ke bIca kabhI hue haiN| svayaMbhUkA sampradAya jahA~ taka svayambhU kI dharma paraMparA kA prazna hai, yaha spaSTa hai ki ve jaina paraMparA meM hue haiN| yadyapi unake putrAdi ke nAmoM ko dekhakara aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki unake kula kA saMbaMdhazaivayAvaiSNava paraMparA meM rahA hogA, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha kalpanA isalie samIcIna nahIM lagatI hai ki yadi ve zaiva yA vaiSNava paraMparA meM hue hote, to nizcita hI vAlmIki kI rAmakathA kA anusaraNa karate, na ki vimalasUri yA raviSeNa kI rAmakathA kaa| punaH, unake dvArA riTThanemicariu Adi kI racanA se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unakA saMbaMdha jaina paraMparA se rahA hogaa| isakA spaSTa pramANa yaha hai ki puSpadanta ke mahApurANa ke saMskRta TippaNa meM unheM spaSTatayA ApalIyasaMghIya (yApanIyasaMghIya) kahA gayA hai| DaoN. kiraNa sipAnI ne unake vyaktitva Adi ke sambandha meM vistRta carcA karate hue svayambhU kI dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM vaicArika udAratA ke AdhAra para jo yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki ve kaTTaratAvAdI digambara sampradAya kI apekSA jaina dharma ke samanvayavAdI yApanIya sampradAya se sabaMdhita rahe hoMge, ucita to hai, phira bhI merI dRSTi meM svayaMmbhU kA mAtra sahiSNu aura udAravAdI honA hI unake yApanIya hone kA pramANa nahIM hai, isake atirikta bhI aise aneka pramANa haiM, jisake AdhAra para unheM yApanIya sampradAya kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1. svayambhU ne bhI apane rAmakathA ke strota kI carcA karate hue raviSeNa kI paraMparA

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184 3. 4. kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| ve bhI isa kathA ko mahAvIra, indrabhUti, sudharmA, prabhava, kIrti tathA raviSeNa se prApta batAte haiM / apane kathAstrota meM prabhava Adi kA ullekha yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve yApanIya paraMparA se sambaddha rahe hoMge, kyoMki digambara paraMparA meM prabhavakAullekha nahIM hai| unakI rAmakathA meM bhI vimalasUri ke paumacariya' tathA raviSeNa ke 'padmacarita' kA anusaraNa huA hai| unhoMne digambara paraMparA meM pracalita guNabhadra kI rAmakathA kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki unakI kathAdhArA digambara paraMparA kI kathAdhArA se bhinna hai| yadi raviSeNa yApanIya haiM, to unakI kathA-dhArA kA anusaraNa karane vAle svayaMbhUbhI yApanIyahI siddha hote haiN|' yadyapi svayaMbhU ne spaSTa rUpa se apane sampradAya kA ullekha hI nahIM kiyA hai, kintupuSpadanta ke mahApurANa ke TippaNa meM unheMApalIyasaMghIya batAyA gayA hai|' isI AdhAra para paNDita nAthUrAmajI premI ne bhI unheM yApanIya mAnA hai|' svayambhU dvArA divAyara (divAkara), guNahara (guNadhara), vimala (vimalasUri) Adianya paraMparA ke kaviyoM kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha bhI unake yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha hone kA pramANa isIlie mAnA jAnA cAhie ki aisI udAratA yApanIya paramparAmeM dekhI jAtI hai, digambaraparamparA meM nhiiN| 5. svayambhU ke granthoM meM anyatairthika kI mukti kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| anyatairthika kI mukti kI avadhAraNA Agamika hai aura AgamoM ko mAnya karane ke kAraNa yaha avadhAraNAzvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM meM svIkRta rahI hai| uttarAdhyayana, jisameM spaSTa rUpa se anyaliMga siddha kA ullekha hai, yApanIyoM ko bhI mAnya rahA hai| prophesara eca.sI. bhAyANI kA mantavya bhI unheM yApanIya mAnane ke pakSa meM hai|ve likhate haiM ki yadyapi isa saMdarbha meM hameM svayaMbhUkI ora se pratyakSa yA parokSa koI vaktavya nahIM milatA hai, paraMtu yApanIya sagrantha avasthA tathA parazAsana se bhI muktisvIkAra karatetheaura svayambhUne bhI apanI kRtiyoM meM aise ullekha kiye haiN| punaH ve apekSAkRta adhika udAracetAthe, ataH unheM yApanIya mAnA jAsakatA hai| 6... eka ora acelakatva para bala aura dUsarI ora zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM

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185 ullikhita aneka tathyoM kI svIkRti unheM yApanIya paraMparA se hI sambaddha karatI hai| zrImatI kusuma paToriyA bhI isI niSkarSa para pahu~catI haiN| ve likhatI haiM ki 'mahAkavi puSpadanta ke mahApurANa ke TIkAkAra ne jisa paraMparA ke AdhAra para inheM ApalIsaMghIya kahA hai, vaha paraMparA vAstavika honI caahie| sAtha hI, aneka anyatathyoM se bhI inake yApanIya hone kAsamarthana hotA hai| inake atirikta bhI DaoN. kusuma paToriyA ne svayambhU ke graMthoM ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para anya kucha aise pramANa prastuta kiye haiM , jisase ve kucha mAnyatAoM ke saMdarbha meM digambara paraMparA se bhinna evaM yApanIya pratIta hote haiN| 1. digambara paraMparA ke tiloyapaNNattI, trilokasAra aura uttarapurANa meM rAma (balarAma) ko AThavA~ aura padma (rAmacandra) ko nauvA~ baladeva batAyA gayA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara graMthoM, yathA-samavAyAMga, paumacariyaM, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, abhidhAnacintAmaNi, vicArasAraprakaraNa Adi meM padma (rAma) ko AThavAM aura balarAma ko nauvA~ baladeva kahA gayA hai| rAma kA padma nAma digambara paramparAnusArI nahIM hai, rAma kA padma nAma mAnane ke kAraNa raviSeNa aura svayaMbhUdonoM yApanIya pratIta hote haiN| devakI ke tIna yugaloM ke rUpa meM chaha putra kRSNa ke janma ke pUrva hue the, jinheM hariNegamesI deva ne sulasA gAthApatnI ke pAsa sthAnAMtarita kara diyA thaa| svayambhU ke riTThanemicariu kA yaha kathAnaka zvetAmbara Agama ataMkRtdazA meM yathAvat upalabdha hotA hai| svayaMbhU dvArA Agama kA yaha anusaraNa unheM yApanIya siddha karatA hai| 3. svayambhUne paumacariu meM devoM kI bhojanacaryA ke saMbaMdha meM ullekha kiyA hai ki gandharva pUrvAha meM, deva madhyAha meM, pitA-pitAmaha (pitRloka ke deva) aparAha meM aura rAkSasa, bhUta, pizAca evaM graha rAtri meM khAte haiM, jabaki digambara paraMparA ke anusAra devatA kavalAhArI nahIM haiM, unake anusAra devatAoM kA mAnasika AhAra hotA hai (devesumnnaahaarii)| inhoMne kathAstrota kA ullekha karate hue krama se mahAvIra, gautama, sudharma, prabhava, kIrti aura raviSeNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| prabhava ko sthAna denA unheM digambara paramparAse pRthakkaratA hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA meM inake sthAna para viSNukA

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5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 186 ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi inake riTThanemicariu ke aMta meM jambU ke bAda viSNu nAma AyA hai, kintu yaha aMza jasakIrtti dvArA prakSipta hai / svayambhU ne sItA ke jIva kA rAvaNa evaM lakSmaNa ko pratibodha dene solahaveM svarga se tIsarI pRthvI meM jAnA batAyA hai, jabaki dhavalA TIkA ke anusAra 12veM se 16veM svarga taka ke devatA prathama pRthvI ke citrA bhAga se Age nahIM jAte haiM / paumacariu meM ajitanAtha ke vairAgya kA kAraNa mlAnakamala batAyA gayA hai, jabaki trilokaprajJapti meM tArA TUTanA batAyA gayA hai / raviSeNa ke samAna inhoMne bhI mahAvIra ke caraNAMguSTha se meru ke kampana kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha zvetAmbara mAnyatA hai / bhagavAn ke calane para devanirmita kamaloM kA rakhA jAnA- bhagavAn kA eka atizaya mAnA gayA hai| yaha bhI zvetAmbara mAnyatA hai / tIrthaMkara kA mAgadhI bhASA meM upedaza denaa| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara mAnya Agama samavAyAMga meM yaha mAnyatA hai / digambara paraMparA ke anusAra to tIrthaMkara kI divyadhvani khiratI hai, jo sarva bhASA rUpa hotI hai| 10. digambara uttarapurANa meM sagaraputroM kA mokSagamana varNita hai, jabaki vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM ke AdhAra para raviSeNa aura svayambhU ne bhIma evaM bhAgIratha ko chor3akara zeSa kA nAgakumAra deva ke kopa se bhasma honA batAyA / suzrI kusuma paToriyA ke anusAra ina varNanoM ke AdhAra para svayambhU yApanIya siddha hote haiM / isa prakAra, ina sabhI ullekhoM meM svayaMbhU kI zvetAmbara mAnyatA se nikaTatA aura digambara mAnyatAoM se bhinnatA yahI siddha karatI hai ki ve yApanIya paraMparA se sambaddha rahe hoNge| punaH, svayaMbhU muni nahIM, apitu gRhastha hI the, unakI kRti 'paumacariu' se jo sUcanAe~ hameM upalabdha hotI haiM, unake AdhAra para unheM yApanIya paraMparA se saMbaMdhita mAnA jA sakatA hai| svayaMbhU kA nivAsa sthala saMbhavataH pazcimottara karnATaka rahA hai|' abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usa kSetra para yApanIyoM kA sarvAdhika prabhAva thA, ataH svayaMbhU ke yApanIya saMgha se saMbaMdhita hone kI puSTi kSetrIya dRSTi se bhI ho jAtI hai /

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187 kala kI dRSTi se svayaMbhU 7vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura 8vIM zatIM ke pUrvArddha ke kavi hai|' yaha spaSTa hai ki isa kAla meM yApanIya saMgha dakSiNa meM na kevala praveza kara cukA thA, apitu vahA~ prabhAvazAlI bhI bana gayA thA / ataH kAla kI dRSTi se bhI svayaMbhU ko yApanIya paraMparA se saMbaMdhita mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / sAhityika pramANa kI dRSTi se puSpadanta ke mahApurANa kI TIkA meM svayaMbhU ko spaSTa rUpa se yApanIya (ApulI) batAyA gayA hai| usameM likhA hai - 'svayaMbhU patyar3ibaddha kartA ApalI saMghIyaH' isa kathana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki ve yApanIya saMgha se saMbaMdhita the / ' svayaMbhU ke yApanIya saMgha se saMbaMdha hone ke lie pro. bhayANI ne eka aura mahatvapUrNa pramANa yaha diyA hai ki yApanIya saMgha vaicArika dRSTi se udAra aura samanvayavAdI thA / yaha dhArmika udAratA aura samanvayazIlatA svayaMbhU ke graMthoM meM vibhinna sthaloM para pAI jAtI hai| 'riTThanemicariu' saMdhi 55 / 30 aura 'paumacariu' saMdhi 43/19 meM unakI yaha udAratA spaSTa rUpa se dekhI jA sakatI hai| unakI udAratA ko sUcita karane ke lie hama yahA~ kevala eka hI gAthA de rahe haiM - arahantu buddha tuhu~ hariharana va, tuhu~ aNNANa tamohariu / tuhu~ suhuMmu NiranjaNu paramapau, tuhu~ ravidambhu sayambhu siu // digambara paraMparA dhArmika dRSTi se zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI apekSA anudAra rahI hai, kyoMki vaha anyatairthika mukti ko asvIkAra karatI hai, jabaki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya anyatairthika kI mukti ko svIkAra karate haiN| svayaMbhU kI isa dhArmika udAratA kI vistRta carcA pro. bhayANIjI ne paumacariu kI bhUmikA meM kI hai| pAThaka use vahA~ dekha sakate haiN|' DaoN. kiraNa sipAnI ne bhI apanI kRti meM isa udAratA kA ullekha kiyA hai| svayambhU kI rAmakathA aura usakA mUlastrota mahAkavi svayambhU ke paumacariu kA apabhraMza sAhitya meM vahI sthAna hai, jo hindI sAhitya meM tulasI kI rAmakathA kA hai / paumacariu apabhraMza meM racita jaina rAmakathA kA mahatvapUrNa graMtha hai / yaha vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM aura raviSeNa ke 'padmacaritaM ' para AdhArita hai| yaha 5 kANDoM aura 90 saMdhiyoM meM vibhAjita hai / isake vidyAdharakANDa meM 20 saMdhiyA~, ayodhyAkANDa meM 22 saMdhiyA~, suMdarakANDa meM 14 saMdhiyA~, yuddhakANDa meM 21 saMdhiyA~ aura uttarakANDa meM 13 saMdhiyA~ haiN| isakI ina 90 saMdhiyoM meM 82 saMdhiyoM kI racanA svayaM svayaMbhU ne kI thii| aMtima 7 saMdhiyoM kI racanA

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188 unake putra tribhuvana ne kiithii| 83vIM saMdhiAMzika rUpa se donoM kI saMyukta racanA pratIta hotI hai| jJAtavya hai ki svayaMbhU ne rAma aura kRSNa- donoM hI mahApuruSoM ke caritroM ko lekara apabhraMza bhASA meM apanI racanAe~ kiiN| unhoMne jahA~ riTTanemicariu aparanAma harivaMzapurANa meM 22veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi ke sAtha-sAtha kRSNa tathA kaurava-pANDava kI kathA kA vivecana kiyA hai, vahIM paumacariu meM rAmakathA kaa| unakI rAmakathA kA AdhAra vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM rahA hai| jaina rAmakathA meM paumacariyaM kA vahIM sthAna hai, jo hindU rAmakathA meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kA hai| vastutaH, rAmakathA sAhitya meM vAlmikI kI rAmAyaNa ke pazcAt yadi koI graMtha hai, to vaha vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM (IsA kI dUsarI, tIsarI zatI) hai| jainoM ne rAma (padma) ko apane 63 zalAkA puruSoM meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna pradAna kiyA hai| jainoM meM rAmakathA kI do dhArAe~ pracalita rahI haiM, eka dhArA guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa kI hai, jisakA mUlastrota saMghadAsagaNi kI vasudevahiNDI meM milatA hai, to dUsarI dhArA kA AdhAra vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM hai| jaina AcAryoM ne jina-jina bhASAoM ko apanI racanAoM kA AdhAra banAyA, prAyaH una sabhI meM rAmakathA para graMtha likhe gye| prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, kannar3a, marugurjara aura hindIina sabhI bhASAoM meM hameM jaina rAmakathA se saMbaMdhita graMtha upalabdha hote haiN| rAmakathA ko lekara sarvaprathama vimalasUri ne prAkRta meM paumacariyaM kI racanA kI thii| usI paumacariyaM kohI AdhAra banAkara raviSeNa ne saMskRtabhASA meM padmapurANa yApadmacarita kI racanA kii| vastutaH, raviSeNa kA padmapurANa vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa hI kahA jA sakatA hai| punaH, svayaMbhUne vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM aura raviSeNa ke padmapurANa ke AdhAra para hI apabhraMzabhASA meM apane paumacariu kI racanA kii| ____DaoN. kiraNa sipAnI ne apanI kRti paumacariu kA kAvyazAstrIya adhyayana' meM likhA hai ki jainoM ke zvetAmbara sampradAya meM kevala vimalasUri kI (rAmakathA pracalita hai), parantu digambara sampradAya meM vimalasUri evaM guNabhadra- donoM kI paraMparAoM kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM unake isa kathana meM saMzodhana kI apekSA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM bhI hameM rAmakathA kI donoM dhArAoM ke saMketa milate haiN| usameM saMghadAsagaNi kI vasudevahiNDI meM rAmakathA kI usa dhArA kA mUlastrota nihita hai, jise guNabhadra ne apane uttarapurANa meM likhA hai| punaH, DaoN. sipAnI kA yaha kathana to ThIka hai ki digambaraparaMparA meM vimalasUri aura guNabhadra- donoM hI kathAdhArAe~ pracalita rahI haiM, kintu isa saMbaMdha meM bhI eka saMzodhana apekSita hai| vastutaH, nirgrantha saMgha kI acela

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189 (digambara)paraMparA kI do dhArAe~ rahI haiM, eka uttarabhArata kI yApanIya dhArA aura dUsarI dakSiNa bhArata kI digambara dhaaraa| vastutaH, vimalasUri kI rAmakathA kA anusaraNa isI yApanIya paraMparA ne kiyA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki raviSeNa ke padmapurANa aura svayaMbhUke paumacariu meM aneka aise saMketa upalabdha haiM, jo digambara paraMparAoM kI mUlabhUta mAnyatA ke viparIta haiN| raviSeNa aura svayaMbhU ne vimalasUri kI rAmakathA kA anusaraNa kiyA, usakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki ye donoM hI yApanIya paraMparA se saMbaMdhita haiN| svayaMbhU ke sampradAya ke saMbaMdha meM puSpadaMta ke mahApurANa ke TippaNa meM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki ve yApanIya saMgha ke the| isakI vistRta carcAhama pUrva meM svayaMbhU ke sampradAya ke saMbaMdha meM kara cuke haiN| svayaMbhUkA vyaktitva paumacariu ke racanAkAra svayaMbhU ke vyaktitva ke saMbaMdha meM paM. nAthUrAma premI, DaoN. bhayANI, DaoN. kochar3a, DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina, DaoN. nagendra evaM zrI satyadeva caudharIAdi aneka vidvAnoM ne carcA kI hai| DaoN. kiraNa sipAnI ne bhI usa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai, mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne kucha sthaloM para ina vidvAnoM ke vivecana se apanA matavaibhinya bhI prakaTa kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, ve paviraladante kA artha virala dAMta vAle na karake saghana dAMta vAle karatI haiN| pavirala meM unhoMne 'pa' ke sthAna para 'a' kI yojanA kI hai, yadyapi prAcIna nAgarI lipi pa' aura 'a' ke likhane meM thor3A sA hI aMtara hai yathA pa-(pa), a-(a)| yaha saMbhava hai ki kisI lehie kI bhUla ke kAraNa Age 'a' ke sthAna para pa' kA pracalana ho gayA ho, kintu jaba taka anya kRtiyoM se isa pAThabhedakI puSTi na ho jAtI hai, taba taka pake sthAna para a' kI kalpanA kara lenA ucita nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki svayaMbhU AjIvana gRhastha hI rahe, muni nahIM bane, phira bhI unakA jJAna gAmbhIrya, vidvattA, dhArmika sahiSNutAaura udAratAAdi aise guNa haiM, jo unheM eka viziSTa puruSa kI zreNI meM lAkara khar3A kara dete haiN| jahA~ taka svayaMbhU ke vyaktitva kA prazna hai, ve AtmazlAghA evaM cATukAritA se dUra rahane vAle kavi haiN| ye hI kAraNa haiM ki unhoMne svataH apanI vizeSatAoM kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA, yahA~ taka kI unhoMne apane AzrayadAtA rASTakUTa rAjA dhruva aura unake sAmanta dhanaJjaya kI bhI koI stuti nahIM kii| yadyapi ve unake prati kRtajJatA kA jJApana avazya karate haiM aura apane ko unakA Azrita batAte haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne apanI donoM patniyoM-amRtAmbAaura AdityAmbA ke pratibhIapanI kRtajJatA jJApita kI hai| unameM vinamratA apane carama bindu para parilakSita hotI hai| ve apane Apa ko ajJAnI aura kukavi taka bhI kaha dete haiN| unhoMne isa tathya ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki yaha

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190 | sAhitya sAdhanA ve pANDitya pradarzana ke lie na karake mAtra Atma abhivyakti kI bhAvanA se kara rahe haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI racanAoM meM kRtrimatA na hokara eka sahajatA hai / yadyapi unameM pANDitya pradarzana kI koI eka bhAvanA nahIM hai, phira bhI unake kAvya meM sarasatA aura jIvantatA hai / yadyapi ve AjIvana gRhastha hI rahe, phira bhI unakI racanAoM meM jo AdhyAtmika lalaka hai, vaha unheM gRhastha hokara bhI saMta ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karatI hai / vastutaH, unake kAvya meM jo sahaja AtmAbhivyakti hai, usI ne unheM eka mahAn kavi banA diyA hai| mahApaNDita rAhula sAMskRtyAyana ne unheM hindI kavitA ke prathama yuga kA sabase bar3A kavi mAnA hai / ve bhArata ke gine-cune kaviyoM meM eka haiN| svayaMbhU kI racanAe~ svayaMbhU kI jJAta racanAe~ nimna 6 haiM- (1) paumacariu, (2) svayaMbhU chanda, (3) riTThanemicariu, (4) suvvacariu, (5) siripaJcamIcariu, (6) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa / inameM prathama do prakAzita ho cuke haiM, tIsarA bhI prakAzana kI prakriyA meM hai, kintu zeSa tIna abhI taka anupalabdha haiN| inake saMbaMdha meM abhI kucha kahanA kaThina hai, kintu AzA kI jA sakatI hai ki bhaviSya meM kisI na kisI graMtha bhaMDAra meM inakI pratiyA~ upalabdha ho skeNgii| unake vyaktitva ke vaiziSTya ke saMbaMdha meM DaoN. kiraNa sipAnI ne vistRta carcA aura samIcIna samIkSA bhI prastuta kI hai| saMdarbha : 1. eha rAmakaha- sari sohantI / gaNaharadevahiM diTTha vadantI / pacchaha indabhUha aayrieN| puNu dhammeNa guNAlaMkarieM // pugu pahaveM saMsArArAeM / kittihareNaM annuttrvaaeN| puNu raviseNAyariya - psaaeN| vuddhieM avagAhiya kairAeM / - paumacariuM- 1/6-9. svayaMbhU padaDIbaddhakarttA ApalIsaMghIya / - mahApurANa (TippaNayukta), pRSTha 9. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 197. paumacariuM, saM. DaoN. harivallabha bhayANI, siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, granthAMka 34, bhUmikA (aMgrejI), pR. 13. vahI, pR. 9. svayaMbhUpAvaMDIbaddha rAmAyaNa kartA ApIsaMghIya / - mahApurANa, 1/9/5 TippaNa. paumacariuM, saM. DaoN. harivallabha bhayANI, bhUmikA (aMgrejI), pR. 13-15. 2. 3. 3 4. 5. 6. 7.

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11- yativRSabha aura unake kasAyapAhuDa ke cUrNisUtra aura tiloyapaNNati ( IsvI san kI 9vIM zatI) 191 yaha hama siddha kara cuke haiM ki kasAyapAhuDa mUlataH uttara bhArata kI avibhakta nirgratha paraMparA meM nirmita huA thA, ataH usake uttarAdhikArI yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM hI rahe haiN| jahA~ taka kasAyapAhuDa ke cUrNisUtroM kA prazna hai, ve yativRSabha ke kahe jAte haiN| yativRSabha kA eka anya graMtha tiloyapaNNatti bhI upalabdha hai, kintu jaisA ki prabuddha digambara vidvAn paM. nAthUrAma premI, paM. phUlacaMdajI siddhAMtazAstrI Adi kA kahanA hai ki isa graMtha meM paryApta milAvaTa huI hai, ataH usake AdhAra para yativRSabha kI paraMparA kA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu yadi hama mAtra kasAyapAhuDa kI cUrNi para vicAra kareM, to usameM aisA koI bhI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hotA, jinake AdhAra para yativRSabha ko yApanIya mAnane meM bAdhA utpanna ho / paM. hIrAlAlajI jaina' ne kasAyapAhuDa kI prastAvanA meM spaSTarUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki yativRSabha ke sammukha SaTkhaNDAgama, kammapayaDI, sataka aura sittarI- ye cAra graMtha avazya vidyAmAn the / punaH, unhoMne vistArapUrvaka una saMdarbhoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai, jo kasAyapAhuDacUrNi aura ina graMthoM meM pAye jAte haiN| vistArabhaya se hama yahA~ kevala nirdeza mAtra kara rahe haiM / unhoMne kasAyapAhuDacUrNi, kammapayaDIcUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sitarIcUrNi kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa bhI prastuta kiyA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana ke icchuka vidvAn unakI kasAyapAhuDa kI bhUmikA dekha sakate haiN| yadyapi kasAyapAhuDa kI cUrNi kI kammapayaDI cUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sittarIcUrNi se jo zailI aura vicAragata samarUpatA hai, usake AdhAra para unhoMne kammapayaDIcUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sittarIcUrNi ke racayitA bhI yativRSabha hI haiM- aisA anumAna kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki satakacUrNi, sittarIcUrNi, kasAyapAhuDacUrNi aura kammapayaDIcUrNi ina cAroM hI cUrNiyoM ke racayitA eka hI AcArya haiN| kasAyapAhuDacUrNi ke racayitA yativRSabha prasiddha hI haiN| zeSa tInoM cUrNiyoM ke racayitA, uparyukta ullekhoM se ve hI siddha hote haiM / ataH, , cAroM cUrNiyoM kI racanAe~ AcArya yativRSabha kI hI kRtiyA~ haiM / kintu, yadi hama niSpakSa bhAva se vicAra kareM, to paM. hIrAlAlajI kI yaha -

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192 mAnyatA unake sAmpradAyika Agraha kA hI pariNAma hai / yaha satya hai ki ina graMthoM meM viSayavastugata aura zailIgata samAnatAe~ haiM, kintu isa samAnatA ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ki ye sabhI yativRSabha kI kRtiyA~ haiM, ucita nahIM hai| yativRSabha se Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti ke ziSya mAnane kA AdhAra yativRSabha dvArA kSu aura nAgahasti ke matoM kA kramazaH apavvAijaMta aura pavvAijaMta ke rUpa meM ullekha karanA hai| paM. hIrAlAlajI ne jayadhavalA ke AdhAra para ise spaSTa karate hue likhA hai- "jo upadeza sarva AcAryoM se sammata hai, cirakAla se avicchinna sampradAya dvArA pravAharUpa se A rahA hai aura guru-ziSya paraMparA ke dvArA pratirUpa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pravAhyamAna (pavvAijaMta) upadeza kahalAtA hai| isase bhinna, jo sarva AcArya sammata na ho aura avichinna guru-ziSya paraMparA se nahIM A rahA ho, aise upadeza ko apravAhyamAna (apavvAijaMta) upadeza kahate haiN| AryamaMkSu AcArya ke upadeza ko apravAhyamAna aura nAgasti kSamAzramaNa ke upadeza ko pravAhyamAna upadeza samajhanA cAhie / paM. hIrAlAlajI kA kathana hai ki vaha (kammapayaDI) A. yativRSabha ke sAmane upasthita hI nahIM thI, balki unhoMne prastuta cUrNi meM usakA bharapUra upayoga bhI kiyA hai|' kammapayaDI ko zivazarmasUri kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai - inakA kAla 5 vIM zatI hai, ataH saMbhava yahI hai ki yativRSabha kA kAla inake pazcAt arthAt IsA kI chaThavIM sAtavIM zatI ho / guNasthAna siddhAMta ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se yaha mAnanA hogA ki Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti karmaprakRtiyoM ke viziSTa jJAtA the, ve kasAyapAhuDa ke varttamAna svarUpa ke prastotA nahIM the, mAtra yahI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki kasAyapAhuDa kI racanA kA AdhAra unakI karmasiddhAMta saMbaMdhI avadhAraNAe~ haiM, kyoMki Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti kA kAla I. san kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA hai| yadi hama kasAyapAhuDa meM prastuta guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA para vicAra kareM, to aisA lagatA hai ki kasAyapAhuDa kI racanA guNasthAna siddhAMta kI avadhAraNA ke nirdhArita hone ke bAda huI hai| arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM, yahA~ taka ki prajJApanA jaise vikasita Agama aura tattvArthasUtra meM bhI guNasthAna kA siddhAMta suvyavasthita rUpa nahIM le pAyA thA, jabaki kasAyapAhuDa meM guNasthAna - siddhAMta suvyavasthita rUpa lene ke bAda hI racA gayA hai / ataH, yadi tattvArtha kA racanAkAla IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI hai, to usakA kAla IsA kI tIsarI - cauthI zatAbdI mAnanA hogA, kintu yadi hama prajJApanA ke karttA AryazyAma ke bAda nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI

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193 1 ullekhita svAti ko tattvArtha, ke karttA umAsvAti mAne, athavA umAsvAti kA .kAla kama se kama IsA kI prathama zatAbdI mAne, taba hI kasAyapAhuDa ke karttA aura prastotA ke rUpa meM guNadhara, AryamakSu aura Arya nAgahasti ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, tathApi yativRSabha ko AryamakSu aura Arya nAgahasti kA sAkSAt ziSya aura antevAsI mAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai / ve unake paraMparA ziSya hI haiN| varttamAna meM kasAyapAhuDasutta meM cUlikA aura bhASya bhI upalabdha hote haiN| saMkSipta bhASyoM kI racanAe~ niryuktiyoM ke bAda aura vRhad kalpabhASya, vyavahArabhASya aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya jaise vistRta bhASya graMthoM kI racanA ke pahale hone lagI thiiN| inakA kAla lagabhaga IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI mAnanA hogA / kasAyapAhuDa kI bhASya gAthAe~ bhI isI kAla kI hoMgI aura chaThavIM-sAtavIM zatAbdI meM usa para yaha cUrNi likhI gaI hogI / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apane vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM AdezakaSAya ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue 'kecit' kahakara usake yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtra meM nirdiSTa svarUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki vaha sthApanAkaSAya se bhinna nahIM hai, usI meM usakA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai', isa AdhAra para paM. nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra yativRSabha vi. saM. 666 ke pUrva hue, yaha nizcita hotA hai, yaha unakI uttama sImA hai| yativRSabha vi.saM. 515 ke pUrva bhI nahIM hue haiM, kyoMki yativRSabha ke dvArA sarvanandI kA lokavibhAga kA tiloyapaNNatti meM pA~ca bAra ullekha huA hai aura sarvanandI kA lokavibhAga vi.saM. 515 (I. saM. 458) kI racanA hai| isI prakAra, yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNati meM vIranirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda taka kI rAjya paraMparA kA ullekha hai / tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra, vI. ni. ke 1000 varSa bAda kalkI kI mRtyu huI aura usake bAda usake putra ne do varSa taka dharmarAjya kiyaa| ataH, tiloyapaNNatti vI. ni.saM. 1002 tadanusAra vi.saM. 532 arthAt I. san 475 ke bAda hI kabhI racI gaI hai| ataH, yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai ki yativRSabha vi.saM. 535 se vi.saM. 666 ke bIca hue haiM' aura isa AdhAra para unake cUrNisUtroM kA racanAkAla IsA kI chaThavIMsAtavIM zatAbdI hI siddha hotA hai / punaH, tiloyapaNNatti ke aMta meM pAI jAne vAlI 'cuNNisaruvaTTha' ityAdi gAthA ke AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna Adi kI zatAdhika gAthAoM ke samAna hone ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA ucita hogA ki mUlAcAra, Avazyakaniryukti, Atura - pratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna Adi ke racayitA

Page #200
eka hI haiM ? vastutaH, aisA kahanA dussAhasapUrNa hogaa| hama mAtra yahI kaha sakate haiM ki inhoMne paraspara eka dUsare se athavA apanI hI pUrva paraMparA se ye gAthAe~ lI haiN| digambara paraMparA meM mAnya paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta) meM 'sataka' aura 'sittarI'- donoM graMtha samAhita haiN| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke sataka aura sittarI se jaba inakI tulanA karate haiM, to hama pAte haiM ki 2-3 gAthAoM ko chor3akara donoM kI saMpUrNa gAthAe~ eka samAna haiM, aMtara mAtra mahArASTI aura zaurasenIprAkRta kA hai| ___ kasAyapAhuDacUrNi ke atirikta kammapAyaDI, sataka aura sittarIcUrNi mUlataH zvetAmbara bhaNDAroM se hI upalabdha huI haiM aura zvetAmbara paraMparA meM hI pracalita rahI haiN| yadi hama unakI bhASA kA vicAra kareM, to spaSTa rUpa se yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki donoM kI paraMparAe~ bhinna haiN| jahA~ kaSAyapAhuDacUrNizaurasenI prAkRta meM upalabdha hotI hai, vahA~ kammapayaDI cUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sittarIcUrNi mahArASTI prabhAvita arddhamAgadhI meM upalabdha hai|aaj taka na to zvetAmbara paraMparA kA koI aisA graMtha upalabdha huA hai, jo zaurasenI prAkRta meM racA gayA hai aura na digambara tathA yApanIya paraMparA meM aisA graMtha pAyA gayA hai, jo mahArASTI prAkRta meM likhA gayA ho| yaha nirvivAda hai ki na to zvetAmbaroM ne zaurasenI prAkRta ko apane lekhana kA AdhAra banAyA aura na hI yApanIya aura digambara paraMparA ne arddhamAgadhI tathA mahArASTI prAkRta ko kbhiiapnaayaa| hA~, itanAavazya huA hai ki jaba kisI yApanIya yA digambara AcArya ne zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya arddhamAgadhI athavA mahArASTI prAkRta graMthoM ke AdhAra para koI racanA kI ho, to arddhamAgadhI aura mahArASTI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gyaa| isI prakAra, jaba kisI zvetAmbara AcArya ne kisI zaurasenI prAkRta ke graMtha ko AdhAra banAkara koI racanA kI, to usa parazaurasenI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gayA hai| yadyapi zaurasenI prabhAvayukta mahArASTI prAkRta ke graMthoM meM tIrthoMdgAlika prakIrNaka ko chor3akara anya koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai, jo aneka praznoM para zvetAmbara mAnyatA se bhinna hai, jabaki arddhamAgadhI aura mahArASTI prAkRta ke prabhAva se yukta zaurasenI prAkRta ke anekoM graMtha haiN| prAyaH yApanIya aura digambara paraMparA ke sabhI graMthoM para ardhamAgadhI yA mahArASTI kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai, jo isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki inakI gAthAe~ arddhamAgadhI srotoM se AI haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcIna stara ke jo graMtha apanI viSaya-vastu evaM zailI kI dRSTi se arddhagAgadhI AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM ke nikaTa haiM aura jo zaurasenI prAkRta

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meM rUpAMtarita yA racita haiM, ve nizcita rUpa se yApanIya haiM aura isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama spaSTatayA isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki kasAyapAhuDacUrNiyApanIya paraMparA kAhI graMtha hai aura isake lekhakayativRSabhabhI yApanIya haiN| ___jahA~ taka yativRSabha aura unake kasAyapAhuDacUrNisUtroM ke racanAkAla kA prazna hai, jayadhavalA ke anusAra yativRSabha Arya maMkSu ke ziSya aura Arya nAgahasti ke antevAsI the aura unhoMne unhIM se kasAyapAhuDa kA adhyayana kara cUrNisUtroM kI racanA kIthI, kintu isa kathana kI vizvasanIyatAsaMdehAspada hai| ___ abhilekhIya aura anya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI kA kAla IsvI san kI dUsarI zatI siddha hai| prathama to, cUrNi likhane kI paraMparA jainoM ke atirikta anyatra prApta nahIM hotI hai, punaH, jaina paraMparA meM bhI cUrNiyA~ mAtra chaThavIMsAtavIM zatAbdI se likhI jAne lagI haiM aura vaha bhI mAtra zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paraMparAoM meM hI digambara paraMparA meM koI cUrNi nahIM likhIgaI hai| punaH, yApanIya paraMparA meM bhI kasAyapAhuDa ke atirikta anya kisI graMtha para cUrNi likhI gaI ho, isake saMketa prApta nahIM hote, jabaki zvetAmbara paraMparA meM karma sAhitya aura Agamika sAhitya para lagabhaga 20 se adhika cUrNiyA~ likhI gaI haiN| kasAyapAhuDacUrNi kI zvetAmbara paraMparA kI kammapayaDIcUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sittarIcUrNi se zailIgata nikaTatA bhI yahI sUcita karatI hai ki kasAyapAhuDacUrNi kAracanAkAlabhI lagabhaga chaThavIM-sAtavIM zatI hogA aura isI AdhAra para yativRSabha kA kAla bhI yahI mAnanA hogaa| adhikAMza digaMbara aura zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne unakA yahI kAla mAnA bhI hai| bAdhA yahI hai ki isase ve kalpasUtra evaM nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM meM ullikhitaArya maMkSu evaM nAgahasti ke ziSya aura aMtevAsI na hokara paraMparA - ziSya hI siddha hoNge| kyoMki inhoMne Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti ke matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura Arya maMkSu kA upadeza vicchinna aura nAgahasti ke upadeza koavicchinna mAnA hai, isI AdhAra para dhavalAkAra ne inheM unakA ziSyamAna liyA hai| ____ ullekha se siddha hai ki tiloyapaNNatti kI racanA ke pUrva kammapayaDIcUrNi kI racanA ho cukI thii| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki yativRSabha kA kAla saMbhavataH chaThavIM zatAbdI hai, kyoMki anya prAcInacUrNiyoM kA racanAkAla bhI yahI hai| paM. hIrAlAlajI ne kammapayaDI zataka aura sittarI cUrNiyoM ke maMgala padyoM kI zabdAvalI aura zailIgata

Page #202
196 ekarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai|' yaha satya hai ki ve sabhI maMgala padya nandIsUtra kI Adi maMgala gAthAoM se prabhAvita haiM aura yahI siddha karate haiM ki ye cUrNiyA~ nandIsUtra ke bAda kI haiM aura usI paraMparA kI haiN| __ bhASya aura cUrNi likhane kI paraMparA zvetAmbaroM meM hI rahI hai, digambaroM meM na to koI bhASya likhA gayA aura na koI cUrNi hI, ataH saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtra yApanIya paraMparA ke hI hoMge, kyoMki yApaniyoM aura zvetAmbaroM meM Agamika jJAna kA paryApta AdAna-pradAna huaahai| yadi yativRSabha AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti ke paraMparA ziSya bhI hoM, to saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki ve boTika/yApanIya hoMge, kyoMki uttara bhAratIya abiyala nigraMtha paraMparA ke Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti kA saMbaMdha boTika/thApanIyoM se ho sakatA hai, mUlasaMghIya dakSiNabhAratIya kundakunda kI digambara paraMparA se nahIM hai| prAkRta loka vibhAga, jisake kartA sarvanandI haiM, kA ullekha yativRSabha ne apanI tiloyapaNNatti meM pA~ca bAra kiyA hai| zivArya ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM jinanandI, sarvaguptagaNi aura mitranandI kA ullekha apane guruoM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| ataH paM. nAthUrAma premIjI ne yaha mAnA hai ki ye sarvaguptagaNi hI sarvanandI hoN| sAtha hI, unhoMne inheM yApanIya hone kI saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hai| ataH, saMbhava yahI hai ki yativRSabha ne tiloyapaNNatti meM apanI hI paraMparA ke Arya sarvanandI kI kRti ko uddhRta kiyaaho| yativRSabha ke Age vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM jo yati viruda hai, vaha bhI zvetAmbaroM evaM yApanIyoM meM pracalita rahA hai| indranandI ke zrutAvatAra meM unheM yatipati kahA hai| yApanIya - zAkaTAyana ko yatigrAma-agraNI kahA gayA hai| isake viparIta, dakSiNa bhAratIya digambara paraMparA meM 'yati' viruda pracalita rahA ho, aisI mujhe jAnakArI nahIM hai, kintu yApanIya paraMparA se nikale kaSThAsaMgha ke bhaTTAraka yati' kahe jAte rahe haiM, udAharaNArthasonAgira ke bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI AjabhI yatijI kI gaddI kahI jAtI hai| ___ yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtroM meM na to strImukti kA niSeSa hai aura na kevalimukti kA, ataH unheM yApanIya paraMparA se saMbaddha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| yativRSabha ko yApanIya mAnane ke lie eka AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki aparAjita ne

Page #203
197 bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI gAthA 2069 (zolApura saMskaraNa) kI TIkA meM yativRSabha dvArA zrAvastI ke zastra grahaNa karake deha tyAga karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha kathA hariSeNa ke bRhada-kathAkoSa meM kramAMka 156 para aura nemidatta ke ArAdhanAkoSa meM krama 81 para vistAra se varNita hai / yadyapi bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI mUla gAthA meM mAtra 'gaNa' zabda kA ullekha hai, kintu TIkAkAra aparAjita tathA bRhadkathAkoSa ke karttA hariSeNa ne unheM yativRSabha kahA hai| saMbhavataH, TIkAkAra aura bRhadkathAkoSakAra ke sammukha koI anuzruti rahI hogI / yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke karttA zivArya, TIkAkAra aparAjita yApanIya aura bRhatkathAkoSakAra hariSeNa punnATasaMghIya rahe haiM aura isalie saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki unheM yaha kathA anuzruti se prApta huI ho aura yativRSabha unhIM ke paraMparA ke prAcIna AcArya rahe hoM / punaH, yativRSabha ke dehatyAga kI yaha ghaTanA uttara bhArata ke zrAvastI nagara meM ghaTita huI thI / uttara bhArata hI boTika yA yApanIyoM kA kendra thA, isase bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yativRSabha uttara bhAratIya acela paraMparA ke AcArya haiM / yativRSabha ko yApanIya mAnane meM ekamAtra bAdhA yaha hai ki unakI tiloyapaNNatta meM AgamoM ke viccheda kA jo krama diyA gayA hai, vaha yApanIya paraMparA ke anukUla nahIM hai, kyoMki aparAjita ( 9vIM zatI) apanI vijayodayA TIkA meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bRhadakalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, jItakalpa Adi AgamoM kA na kevala nAmollekha kara rahe haiM, apitu unake anekoM vAkyAMza yA gAthAe~ bhI uddhRta kara rahe haiM, kintu tiloyapaNNatti ko yApanIya kRti mAnane meM AgamoM kA viccheda batAne vAlI gAthAe~ bahuta bAdhaka nahIM haiN| prathama to tiloyapaNNatti meM paryApta milAvaTa huI hai, yaha tathya digambara vidvAn bhI svIkRta karate haiN| paM. nAthUrAmajI premI likhate haiM ki " isa taraha paM. phUlacaMdajI ke lekha se aura jayadhavalA kI prastAvanA se mAlUma hotA hai ki upalabdha tiloyapaNNatti apane asala rUpa meM nahIM hai| dhavalA TIkA ke bAda (arthAt 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt ) usameM saMskAra saMzodhana, parivartana, milAvaTa kI gaI hai|" isI prakAra, jayadhavalA kI prastAvanA meM paM. phUlacandrajI likhate haiM ki " varttamAna tiloyapaNNatti jisa rUpa meM pAI jAtI hai, usI rUpa meM yativRSabha ne usakI racanA kI thI, isameM saMdeha hai| hameM lagatA hai ki yativRSabha kRta tiloyapaNNatta meM kucha aMza aisA bhI hai, jo bAda meM sammilita kiyA gayA aura kucha aMza aisA bhI hai, jo kisI

Page #204
198 99 kAraNa se upalabdha pratiyoM meM likhane se chUTa gayA hai| ataH, isa saMbhAvanA se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki mUla tiloyapaNNatti yApanIya kRta rahI ho aura yativRSabha bhI yApanIya hoM / dUsare, mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki jaba yApanIya saMgha meM AgamoM ke adhyayanaadhyApana pravRtti zithila ho gaI, apanI paraMparA meM nirmita graMthoM se hI unakA kAma calane lagA, tabhI AcAryoM dvArA AgamoM ke kramika uccheda kI bAta kahI jAne lagI / sarvaprathama tiloyapaNNatti, dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM hI yaha carcA AI / punnATasaMghIya jinasena ke harivaMza ke aMta meM to nAma bhI nahIM diye haiM, mAtra viccheda kAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| sabhI graMthoM meM upalabdha sUciyoM meM sAmAnyatayA nAma aura kAlakrama kI ekarUpatA bhI yahI batAtI hai ki ina sabhI kA mUla strota eka hI rahA hogaa| vaise Agamika jJAna ke viccheda kA artha yaha bhI nahIM hai ki AgamagraMtha sarvathA viccheda ho gye| AgamoM ke eka deza jJAna kI upasthiti to sabhI ne mAnI hI hai / merI dRSTi meM to aba AgamoM kI viSayavastu evaM pada saMkhyA ko lekara hamAre AcArya usa samaya ke upalabdha graMthoM kI upekSA karake unakI mahattA dikhAne ke lie kalpanAloka meM ur3Ane bharane lage aura AgamoM kI pada saMkhyA lAkha aura karor3a kI saMkhyA ko bhI pAra karake Age bar3hane lagI aura jaba yaha kahA jAne lagA ki vipAkasUtra meM eka karor3a caurAsI lAkha battIsa hajAra pada the athavA 14vA~ pUrva itanA bar3A thA ki use likhane ke lie 14 hAthI DUba jAye itanI syAhI lagatI thI aura usameM sAr3he bAraha karor3a pada the, " kintu vAstavikatA to isase bhinna thI, una nAmoM se upalabdha graMthoM kA AkAra usa kalpita pada saMkhyA se bahuta choTA thA, ataH bacAva ke lie yaha kahA jAne lagA ki Agama vicchinna ho gaye / jaba vaha zvetAmbara paraMparA bhI, jo AgamoM kA saMrakSaNa kara rahI thI, kahane lagI ki Agamavicchinna ho rahe haiM, to digambara aura yApanIya paraMparAoM dvArA unake viccheda A bAta karanA svAbhAvika hI thA / zvetAmbara paraMparA ke Agamika prakIrNaka 'tIrthoMdgAlika' meM bhI AgamoM ke uccheda krama kA ullekha hai / " jaba AgamoM ke hote hue bhI zvetAmbara paraMparA unake viccheda kI bAta kara sakatI hai, to yApanIya AcAryoM dvArA unake viccheda kI bAta karanA Azcaryajanaka bhI nahIM hai| ataH AgamoM ke uccheda aal karane mAtra se kisI graMtha ke yApanIya hone ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai /

Page #205
199 tiloyapaNNati meM AgamoM ke viccheda kI bAta AjAne se usakAyApanIya honA nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| kyoMki Agama viccheda kI yaha carcA kevala digambara meM uThI ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai, vaha yApanIyoM aura zvetAmbaroM meM bhI huI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vAstavikatA kyA hai, isa prazna para paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne jaina sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa kI bhAga 1 kI prastAvanA meM gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai| hama yahA~ unhIM ke vicAroM ko zabdazaH uddhRta kara rahe haiM, tAki pAThaka yathArthatA ko samajha skeN| ve likhate haiM ki "aba Agamaviccheda ke prazna para vicAra kiyA jaay|aagmvicched ke viSaya meM bhI do mata haiN| eka ke anusAra sutta vinaSTa huA hai, taba dUsare ke anusAra sutta' nahIM, kintu suttadhara - pradhAna anuyogadhara vinaSTa hue haiN| ina donoM mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza nandIcUrNi jitanA to purAnA hai hii|aashcry to isa bAta kA hai ki digambara paraMparA ke dhavalA (pR. 65) meM tathA jayadhavalA (pR. 83) meM dUsare pakSa ko mAnA gayA hai, arthAt zrutadharoM ke viccheda kI carcA pradhAna rUpa se kI gaI hai aura zrutadharoM ke viccheda se zruta kA viccheda phalita mAnAgayA hai, kintu AjakA digambara samAjazruta kAhI viccheda mAnatA hai| isase bhI siddha hai ki pustaka ke likhita AgamoM kA utanA hI mahatva nahIM hai, jitanAzrutadharoM kI smRti meM rahe hue aagmoNkaa| jisa prakAra dhavalA meM zrutadharoM meM viccheda kI bAta kahI hai, usI prakAra titthogAlI prakIrNaka meM zruta ke viccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai prathama bhagavAn mahAvIra se bhadrabAhu taka kI paraMparA dI gaI hai aura sthUlabhadra bhadrabAhu ke pAsa caudahapUrva kI vAcanA lene gaye- isa bAta kA nideza hai| yaha nirdiSTa hai ki dasapUrvadharoM meM aMtima sarvamitra the| usake bAda nirdiSTa hai ki vIranirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda pUrvo kA viccheda huaa| yahA~ para yaha dhyAna denA jarUrI hai ki yahI ullekha bhagavatIsUtra (2.8) meM bhI hai| titthogAlI meM usake bAda nimna prakAra se kramazaH zrutaviccheda kI carcA kI gaI haiI.723 = vIra-nirvANa 1250 meM vivAha prajJapti aura cha: aMgoM kA viccheda I.773 = vIra-nirvANa 1300 meM samavAyAMga kA viccheda I. 823 = vIra-nirvANa 1350 meMThANAMga kA viccheda I. 873 = vIra-nirvANa 1400 meM kalpa-vyavahAra kA viccheda

Page #206
$.973 SS. 1373 $. 1473 = $. 1773 = vIra - nirvANa 1500 meM dazAzruta kA viccheda - nirvANa 1900 meM sUtrakRtAMga kA viccheda 2000 meM vizAkha muni ke samaya meM nizItha kA viccheda 2300 meM AcArAMga kA viccheda zruta meM duppasaha muni ke hone ke bAda yaha kahA gayA hai ki ve hI aMtima AcAradhara hoNge| usake bAda anAcAra kA sAmrAjya hogaa| isake bAda nirdiSTa hai ki20500 meM uttarAdhyayana kA viccheda vIra - nirvANa - vIra nirvANa vIra - nirvANa = = vIra - nirvANa vIra - nirvANa dusamA I. 19973 = I. 20373 = $. 20473 = 200 20900 meM dazavaikAlikasUtra kA viccheda 21000 meM dazavaikAlika ke artha kA viccheda, duppasaha muni kI mRtyu ke bAda $.20473 = vIra-nirvANa 21000 paryaMta Avazyaka, anuyogadvAra aura nandIsUtra avyavacchinna raheMge / -facumeft, my 697-866 titthogAlIya prakaraNa zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla graMtha hai, aisA usake adhyayana se pratIta hotA hai| usameM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM ke 14 svapnoM kA ullekha hai - gAthA 100, 1024, strI-mukti kA samarthana bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai - gAthA 556, Avazyaka niyukti kI kaI gAthAe~ isameM AtI haiM, gAthA 70 se, 383 se ityAdi, anuyogadvAra aura naMdI kA ullekha aura unake tIrthaparyaMta Tike rahane kI bAta, daza (acchere) .. Azcarya kI carcA - gAthA 887 se, nandIsUtragata saMghastuti kA avataraNa gAthA 848 se hai| AgamoM ke kramika viccheda kI carcA jisa prakAra jainoM meM hai, usI prakAra bauddhoM ke anAgatavaMza meM bhI tripiTaka ke viccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki zramaNoM kI yaha eka sAmAnya dhAraNA hai ki zruta kA viccheda kramazaH hotA hai / titthogAlI aMgaviccheda kI carcA hai| isa bAta ko vyavahArabhASya ke karttA ne bhI mAnA hai "titthogAlI evaM vattavyA hor3a ANupuvvIe / je tassa u aMgassa vucchedo jahiM viNiddiTTho / / " - vyavahAra bhASya 10/704 isase jAnA jA sakatA hai ki aMgaviccheda kI carcA prAcIna hai aura yaha digambara - zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM calI hai| aisA hote hue bhI yadi zvetAmbaroM ne

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201 aMgoM ke aMza ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna kiyA aura vaha aMza Aja hameM upalabdha haiMyaha mAnA jAya to isameM kyA anucita hai ? eka bAta kA aura bhI spaSTIkaraNa jarUrI hai ki digambaroM meM bhI dhavalA ke anusAra sarva aMgoM kA saMpUrNa rUpa se viccheda mAnA nahIM gayA hai, kintu yaha mAnA gayA hai ki pUrva aura aMga ke ekadezadhara hue haiM aura unakI paraMparA calI hai| usa paraMparA ke viccheda kA bhaya to pradarzita kiyA hai, kintu vaha paraMparA vicchinna ho gaI, aisA spaSTa ullekha dhavalA yA jayadhavalA meM bhI nahIM hai / vahA~ spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda bhAratavarSa meM jitane bhI AcArya hue haiM, ve sabhI "savvesimaMgapuvvANamekadesadhArayA jAdA" arthAt sarva aMga-pUrva ke ekadezadhara hue haiM / - jayadhavalA, bhA. 1, pR. 86, dhavalA, pR. 67 1 tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI zrutaviccheda kI carcA hai aura vahA~ bhI AcArAMgadhArI taka kA samaya vIra ni. 683 batAyA gayA hai / tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra bhI aMga zruta kA sarvathA viccheda mAnya nahIM hai| use bhI aMga - pUrva ke ekadezadhara astitva meM saMdeha nahIM hai / sandarbha 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. kasAyapAhuDasutta, prastAvanA pR. 52-53. 8. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM. nAthUrAma premI, pR. 1-3. yativRSabhanAmadheyo.. .... tato yatipatinA / - zrutAvatAra - 155-56. 9. 10. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. 47, 48 evaM 50. (AdhArabhUta graMtha nandIvRtti, samavAyAga vRtti aura dhavalA Adi). 11. paiNNayasuttAI tithyogAlI, mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI, gAthA 807-836, . 482-484. 12. nandI - cUrNi, pR. 8. dekheM - kasAyapAhuDasutta, prastAvanA, pR. 28 vahIM, prastAvanA, pR. 52 dekheM - kasAyapAhuDasutta, pR. TippaNI sahita kasAyapAhuDasutta kI prastAvanA, pR. 38 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM. nAthUrAmajI premI, pR. 10. vahI, pR. 10 . -

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202 12 - pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana aura unakA vyAkaraNa (IsvI sanankI 10vIM zatI) jaina paraMparA meM IsA kI 9vIM zatAbdI meM racita zAkaTAyana kA vyAkaraNa ati prasaddhi hai| svayaM graMthakartA aura TIkAkAroM ne ise 'zabdAnuzAsana' nAma diyA hai| isa zabdAnuzAsana para zAkaTAyana ne svayaM hI amoghavRtti nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| zAkaTAyana kA mUla nAma pAlyakIrti hai| zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti ke sampradAya ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM meM pUrva meM kAphI matabheda rhaa|' cU~ki zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana ke adhyayana adhyApana kI pravRtti dakSiNa meM digambara paraMparA meM kAphI pracalita thIaura usa para muni dayApAla Adi digambara vidvAnoM ne TIkA graMtha bhI likhe the, ataH digambara vidvAn unheM apane sampradAya kA mAnate the| isake viparIta, DaoN. ke.pI. pAThaka Adine zAkaAyana kI amoghavRtti meM Avazyakaniyukti, chedasUtra aura zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya kAlika graMthoM kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha dekhakara unheM zvetAmbara mAna liyA thaa|' kintu ye donoM dhAraNAe~ bAda meM galata siddha huiiN| aba zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti ke dvArA racita strImukti prakaraNa tathA kevalibhukti prakaraNa ke upalabdha ho jAne se itanA to sunizcita ho gayA ki ve digambara paraMparA ke nahIM haiM, kyoMki strI kI tadbhavabhukti aura kevalibhukti kI mAnyatAoM kA digambara paraMparA spaSTa rUpa se virodha karatI hai| yahA~ yaha kahanAbhI aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara paraMparA kI vibhAjaka rekhA ke rUpa meM yahI do siddhAMta pramukha rahe haiN| prasiddha tArkika AcArya prabhAcaMdra ne prameya kamalamArtaNDa' aura 'nyAya kumudacandra meM strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA khaNDana zAkaTAyana ke inhIM do prakaraNoM ko pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM rakhakara kiyA hai| ataH, ve digambara paraMparA ke nahIM ho skte| yadyapizvetAmbara paraMparA ke vAdivetAla zAMtisUrine apanI uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM, ratnaprabhane ratnAkarAvatArikA meM aura yazovijaya ke 'adhyAtmamata parIkSA' tathA 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya" kI TIkA meM strImukti aura kevalibhukti ke samarthana meM inhIMprakaraNoM kI kArikAeM uddhRta kI haiM, kintu isase yaha to siddha nahIM hotA hai ki ve zvetAmbara the, hA~, hama itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI strImukti aura kevalibhukti ke apane pakSa meM samarthana ke lie unakI kArikAe~ uddhRta karake unheM apane pakSa kA samarthaka batAte hue unake prati

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203 sammAna vyakta kiyA hai| zAkaTAyana dvArA strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA samarthana unake yApanIya hone kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai / zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrtti yApanIya the / isa saMbaMdha meM paMDita nAthUrAmajI premI ne apane graMtha jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (pR. 157-59 ) meM nimna tarka prastuta kiye haiM - (1) zvetAmbara AcArya malayagiri (lagabhaga IsA kI 12vIM zatI) ne apanI nadIsUtra kI TIkA meM unheM 'yApanIya yatigrAmAgraNI' batAyA hai / ' malayagiri ke isa ullekha se unakA yApanIya honA siddha ho jAtA hai / punaH, unakI kRti zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai, kyoMki usameM bhI unheM ' yatigrAma agraNI' - yaha viruda (vizeSaNa) diyA gayA hai| (2) zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrtti dvArA racita strI-mukti aura kevalibhukti- ye donoM prakaraNa zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke sAtha bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita bhI ho cuke haiM / prathama prakaraNa meM 45 zlokoM meM strI mukti kA samarthana hai aura dUsare prakaraNa meM 34 zlokoM meM kevalI ke dvArA bhojana karane (kavalAhAra) kA samarthana hai / jJAtavya hai ki yApanIya sampradAya zvetAmbaroM ke samAna hI strI mukti aura kevalibhukti ko svIkAra karatA thA / svayaM haribhadra ne lalitavistarA meM ina donoM bAtoM ke samarthana meM 'yApanIyataMtra' ko uddhRta kiyA hai| " aba yApanIya taMtra anupalabdha hai| ina donoM prakaraNoM meM strImukti aura kevilabhukti ke samarthana ke sAtha-sAtha acelakatva kA bhI samarthana pAyA jAtA hai| ataH, yaha svataH siddha hai ki pAlyakIrtti zAkaTAyana yApanIya the, kyoMki yApanIya hI ekamAtra aisA sampradAya thA, jo eka ora acelakatva kA samarthana karatA hai, to dUsarI ora strImukti aura kevilabhukti kA / ( 3 ) zAkaTAyana ne apane zabdAnuzAsana kI svopajJa amoghavRtti meM kAlikasUtroM ke sAtha Avazyaka, chedasUtra, niryukti Adi ke adhyayana kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / " paMDita nAthUrAmajI premI" ke anusAra "ina graMthoM kA jisa prakAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unake sampradAya meM ina graMthoM ke paThana-pAThana kA pracAra thA / ye graMtha digambara sampradAya ko mAnya nahIM the, jabaki yApanIya saMgha ina graMthoM ko mAnya karatA thaa| hama pUrva meM bhI isa tathya ko spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki ina nAmoM se pracalita varttamAna meM zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya Agama graMtha yApanIya saMgha meM mAnya rahe haiN| vaTTakera, iMdranandI, aparAjitasUri Adi aneka yApanIya AcAryoM ne inako

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204 uddhRtabhI kiyaahai| zAkaTAyana ke dvArA ina graMthoM kA apanI paraMparA ke graMthoM ke rUpa meM ullekha yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve digambara nahokarayApanIya paramparAke the| ___(4) amoghavRtti meM zAkaTAyana ne sarvagupta ko sabase bar3A vyAkhyAtA batalAyA hai,"ye sarvagupta vahI jAna par3ate haiM, jinake caraNoM meM baiThakara ArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya ne sUtra aura artha ko acchI taraha se smjhaathaa| yaha hama pUrva meM hI siddha kara cuke haiM ki zivArya aura unakI bhagavatI ArAdhanA yApanIya paraMparA se saMbaddha hai| zAkaTAyana dvArA zivArya ke guru kA zreSTha vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM ullekha bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve bhI yaapniiythe| (5) zAkaTAyana ko zrutakevalidezIyAcArya' kahA gayA hai| isa saMpUrNa pada kA artha hai zrutakevalI tulya AcArya / pANinI (5/3/67) ke anusAra dezIya zabda tulyatA kA bodhaka hai| zrutakevalI kA viruda digambara paraMparA ke anusAra unheM pradAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jaba zruta hI samApta ho gayA, to koI zrutakevalI kaise ho sakatA hai ? zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM meM aisI padaviyA~ dI jAtI thIM, jaise hemacandra ko kalikAlasarvajJa kahA jaataathaa| isI prakAra, unheM yatigrAmaagraNIbhI kahA gayA hai| yaha viruda bhI sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM meM hI pracalita thaa| digambara paraMparA meM yApanIyoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI muni ke lie yati (prAkRta-jadi) viruda pracalita huA hai| hama yaha pUrva meM hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki 'yati' virudabhI unake yApanIya hone kA pramANa hai / malayagiri dvArA nandIsUtra TIkA meM unheM yApanIya yatigrAma agraNI kahanA isakI puSTi karatA hai|" zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana kI yApanIya TIkAe~: ____ zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana para sAta TIkAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM, unameM amoghavRtti aura zAkaTAyana-nyAsa mahatvapUrNa hai / amoghavRtti ke lekhaka svayaM zakaTAyana hI hai, ataH yaha zabdAnuzAsana kI svopajJa TIkA kahI jA sakatI hai| yaha I. san 814 I. se san 867 ke bIca kabhI likhI gaI thii| paMDita nAthUrAmajI premI ne isa saMbaMdha meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| yaha amoghavRtti amoghavarpa nAmaka zAsaka ke sammAna meM likhI gaI hai| kaDaba ke dAnapAtra

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205 zaka saM. 735 arthAt I. san 813 meM yApanIya nandisaMghapuNNAgavRkSamUlaguNa ke arkakIrti nAmaka AcArya kA ullekha hai|" arkakIrti ke guru kA nAma vijayakIrti aura preguru kA nAma zrI kIrti batAyA gayA hai| paM. nAthUrAmajI premI ne yaha saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti isI paraMparA ke the aura Azcarya nahIM ki ve arkakIrti ke ziSyayAunake sadharmA hoN|" AMtarika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para amoghavRtti ke yApanIya hone ke saMdarbha meM hama pUrva meM hI sUcita kara cuke haiN|" amoghavRtti ke yApanIya hone ke saMdarbha meM hama pUrva meM hI sUcita kara cuke haiN| amoghavRtti para prabhacandra kA nyAsa hai| yadyapi yaha graMtha Aja pUrNa rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI itanA suspaSTa hai ki isake kartA prabhAcandra haiM aura ve prabhAcandra nyAyakumudacandra ke kartA prabhAcandra se bhinna haiN| hamane Age yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki ye prabhAcandra sodatti ke lagabhaga I. san 980 ke abhilekha meM ullekhita yApanIya saMghaaura kaNDUragaNake prabhAcandrahI haiN|nyaaykumudcndr ke kartA prabhAcaMdra ko nyAsa kA kartA mAnanA bhrAMtipUrNa hai| isa abhilekha meM yApanIya kaNDUragaNa kA spaSTa ullekha hai| ataH, inakA yApanIya honA nirvivAda hai| isa prakAra, zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana para likhI gaI svopajJa amoghavRtti aura nyAsa- donoM hI yApanIya paraMparA ke graMtha siddha hote haiN| yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai ki yApanIya prabhAcandra apanI hI paraMparA ke zAkaTAyana kI kRti para TIkA likheN| inhIM yApanIya prabhAcandra kA eka graMtha tattvArthasUtra bhI hai, usameM inheM bRhatprabhAcandra (lagabhaga I. san 980) kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ye nyAyakumudacaMdra ke kartA prabhAcaMdra (I. san 1020) se pUrvavartI evaMjyeSTha the| zAkaTAyana ke strImukti aura kevalibhukti prakaraNa" zAkaTAyana ke ina donoM graMthoM ke saMdarbha meM hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke haiN| strImukti prakaraNa meM strImukti kA samarthana 46 zlokoM meM aura kevalibhukti prakaraNa meM kevalibhukti kAsamarthana 37 zlokoM meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki ye donoM mAnyatAe~ digambara paraMparA se bhinna haiM tathA zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paraMparA kI haiN| yApanIya acelatA ke sAtha-sAtha strImukti aura kevalibhukti ko bhI svIkAra karate the| ina graMthoM meM eka ora acelatA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai, to dUsarI ora strI -mukti aura kevalibhukti kA bhI samarthana kiyA hai| ataH inako yApanIya mAnane se koI Apatti nahIM AtI hai|

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206 zAkaTAyana strImukti prakaraNa meM muni ke liye apavAda mArga meM aura strI ke liye utsarga mArga meM vastra grahaNa ko svIkAra karate haiM aura yaha batAte haiM ki aisI sthiti meM savastra strI ko sthavira Adi ke samAna mukti saMbhava hai| ve likhate haiM ki jinazAsana meM striyoM kI caryA vastra ke binA nahIM kahI gaI hai aura puruSa kI caryA binA vastra ke kahI gaI hai| ve Age kahate haiM ki sthavira (savastra muni) ke samAna savastrastrI kI bhI mukti saMbhava hai| yadi savastra hone ke kAraNa strI kI mukti svIkAra nahIM kareMge, to phira arza, bhagandara AdirogoM meM aura upasarga kI avasthA meM sarvatra muni kI bhI mukti saMbhava nahIM hogii| - isa carcA se spaSTa rUpa se do mukhya bAteM siddha hotI haiN| prathama to yaha ki muni ke liye utsarga meM acelatAaura apavAdamArga meM sacelatA tathAstrI ke liye utsarga mArga meM bhI sacelatA unheM mAnya hai| isase hI ve savastra kI mukti bhI svIkAra karate haiN| ataH, zAkaTAyana kAyApanIya honA nirvivAda hai, kyoMki yaha mAnyatA mAtra yApanIyoM kI hai| saMdarbhaH 1. jJAnaM canabrahma yato nikRSTaH zUdro'pivedAdhyayanaM kroti||42|| vidyAkriyAcAruguNaiH prahINo najAtimAtreNabhavetsa viprH| jJAnenazIlenaguNena yuktaM taMbrAhmaNaMbrahmavido vdnti||43|| vyAso vasiSThaH kamaThazca kaNThaH shktyugdmaudronnpraashrauc| AcAravanta stapasAbhiyuktA brahmatvamAyuH prtisNpdaabhiH||44|| - varAMgacarita sarga, 2 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM. nAthurAmapremIpR. 157. 3. zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam, saM. - paMzambhUnAtha tripAThI Indroduction, Page 14-15 4. (a) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, anu.- jinamati, (ba) nyAyakumudacandra, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 177-199 evaM 257-272, saM.- mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, pR. 751-787 5. zrImantyuttarAdhyayanAni, devacandalAlabhAI, TIkAzAMtisUrI, adhyAya 26 6. ratnAkarAvatArikA-7/57, bhAga 3, pR. 93-101. adhyAtmamataparIkSA, yazovijaya. 8. zAstravArtA samuccaya, TIkA yazovijaya. 9. zAkaTAyano'piyApanIyayatigrAmAgraNI svopajJazabdAnuzAsanavRttAvAdau 7.

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207 bhagavataH stutimevamAhazrI vIramRtaM jyotinNtvaa''disrvvedsaam| -naMdIsUtra, malayagiri TIkA, pR.23 10. dekheM-lalitavistarA (haribhadra), prakAzaka RSabhadevakezarImalazvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma,pR. 57. jJAtavya hai kiyApanIyataMtra nAmaka mUlagraMtha prAkRtabhASAmeM nibaddhathA, vartamAna meM yaha graMthaanupalabdha hai| 11. dekheM - sUtrANyadhIte, niyuktIradhIte, - bhaassyaannydhiite...| -zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNam, amoghavRtti-4/4/140 aura bhI dekheM 1/2/203-204. 12. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM. nAthUrAmajIpremI, pR. 158. 13. upasarvaguptaMvyAkhyAtAra: - zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNam amoghavRtti 1/3/104. 14. dekheM - zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam, saM.- paM.zaMbhunAtha tripAThI, Introduction Page 17 evaM jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 159. 15. nandIsUtra, malayagiriTIkA, pR. 23. 16. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM. nAthUrAmajIpremI, pR. 161. 17. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 124. 18. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa,paM. nAthUrAmajIpremI, pR. 167. 19. jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 207 20. jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 160. 21. ye donoM graMthazAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam, sampAdaka-paM.zambhUnAtha tripAThI, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha, mUrtidevI graMthamAlAgraMthAMka 39, ke aMtargata pariziSTa ke rUpa meM graMtha kIbhUmikA ke pazcAt chape haiN| 22. vastra binA na caraNaMstrINAmityaItocyate, vinaa'pi| puMsAmitinvayAryata, tatra sthavirAdivad muktiH|| . . aja'rbhagandarAdiSugRhItacIro yatina mucyte| upasarge vAcIreggadAdiH saMnyasyate caatte|| - strImukti prakaraNa, kArikA, 16-17.

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208 13. AcArya hemacaMdra : eka yugapuruSa (IsvI san kI 12vIM zatI) AcArya hemacaMdra bhAratIya manISArUpI AkAza ke eka dedIpyamAna nakSatra haiN| vidyopAsaka zvetAmbara jaina AcAryoM meM bahuvidha aura vipula sAhityasraSTA ke rUpa meM AcArya haribhadra ke bAda yadi koI mahattvapUrNa nAma hai tovaha AcArya hemacaMdra kA hI hai| jisa prakAra AcArya haribhadra nevividha bhASAoM meM jaina vidyA kI vividha vidyAoM para vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyAthA, usI prakAra AcArya hemacaMdranevividha vidyAoM para vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| AcArya hemacaMdra gujarAta kI vidvat paramparA ke pratibhAzAlI aura prabhAvazAlI jaina AcArya haiN| unake sAhitya meM jobahuvidhatA hai vaha unake vyaktitva evaM unake jJAna kI bahuvidhatA kA paricAyikA hai| kAvya, chanda, vyAkaraNa, koza, kathA, darzana, adhyAtma aura yoga-sAdhanA Adi sabhI pakSoM koAcArya hemacaMdra neapanI sRjanadharmitA meM sameTa liyA hai| dharmasApekSa aura dharmanirapekSa donoM hI prakAra ke sAhitya ke sRjana meM unake vyaktitva kI samAnatA kA anya koI nahIM milatA hai| jisa mor3havaNika jAti nesamprati yuga meM gAMdhI jaisemahAn vyakti kojanma diyA usI mor3havaNika jAti neAcArya hemacaMdra kobhI janma diyaathaa| AcArya hemacaMdra kA janma gujarAta ke dhandhukA nagara meM zreSThi cAciga tathA mAtA pAhiNI kI kukSi seI. san 1088 meM huA thaa| josUcanAeM upalabdha haiM unake AdhAra para yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki hemacaMdra ke pitA zaiva aura mAtA jainadharma kI anuyAyI thiiN|1 AjabhI gujarAta kI isa mor3havaNika jAti meM vaiSNava aura jaina donoM dharmoM ke anuyAyI pAe jaatehaiN| ataH hemacaMdra ke pitA cAciga ke zaivadharmAvalambI aura mAtA pAhiNI ke jainadharmAvalambI honemeM koI virodha nahIM hai, kyoMki prAcInakAla sehI bhAratavarSa meM aiseaneka parivAra rahehaiM, jinake sadasya bhinna-bhinna dharmoM ke anuyAyI hotethe| sambhavataH pitA ke zaivadharmAvalambI aura mAtA ke jainadharmAvalambI honeke kAraNa hI hemacaMdra ke jIvana meM dhArmika samanvayazIlatA ke bIja adhika vikasita hoske| dUsarezabdoM meM dharmasamanvaya kI jIvanadRSTi tounheM apanepArivArika parivezasehI milI thii| __ AcArya devacaMdra joki AcArya hemacaMdra ke dIkSAguru the, svayaM bhI prabhAvazAlI AcArya the| unhoMnebAlaka caMgadeva (hemacaMdra ke janma kA nAma) kI pratibhA kosamajha liyA thA, isalie unhoMneunakI mAtA se unheM bAlyakAla meM hI prApta kara liyaa|

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209 AcArya hemacaMdra kounakI alpa bAlyAvasthA meM hI guru dvArA dIkSA pradAna kara dI gaI aura vidhivata rUpa seunheM dharma, darzana aura sAhitya kA adhyayana karavAyA gyaa| vastutaH hemacaMdra kI pratibhA aura devacaMdra ke prayatna nebAlaka ke vyaktitva koeka mahanIyatA pradAna kii| hemacaMdra kA vyaktitva bhI unake sAhitya kI bhAMti bahu-AyAmI thaa| vekuzala rAjanItijJa, mahAn dharmaprabhAvaka, loka-kalyANakarttA evaM apratima vidvAn sabhI kucha the| unake mahAn vyaktitva ke sabhI pakSoM koujAgara kara pAnA toyahAM sambhava nahIM hai, phira bhI maiM kucha mahattvapUrNa pakSoM para prakAza DAlanekA prayatna avazya kruuNgaa| hemacaMdra kI dhArmika sahiSNutA yaha satya hai ki AcArya hemacaMdra kI jainadharma ke prati ananya niSThA thI, kiMtu sAtha hI ve anya dharmoM ke prati sahiSNu bhI the| unheM yaha guNa apane parivAra se hI virAsata meM milA thaa| jaisA ki sAmAnya vizvAsa hai, hemacaMdra kI mAtA jaina aura pitA zaiva the| eka hI parivAra meM vibhinna dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM kI upasthiti usa parivAra kI sahiSNuvRtti kI hI paricAyaka hotI hai / AcArya kI isa kulagata sahiSNuvRti kojainadharma ke anekAntavAda kI udAra dRSTi se aura adhika bala milaa| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki anya jaina AcAryoM ke samAna hemacaMdra nebhI 'anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA' nAmaka samIkSAtmaka graMtha likhA aura usameM anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA bhI kii| kiMtu isase yaha anumAna nahIM lagAnA cAhie ki hemacaMdra meM dhArmika udAratA nahIM thii| vastutaH hemacaMdra jisa yuga meM hue the, vaha yuga dArzanika vAda-vivAda kA yuga thaa| ataH hemacaMdra kI yaha vivazatA thI ki ve apanI paramparA kI rakSA ke lie anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kA tArkika samIkSA kara parapakSa kA khaNDana aura svapakSa kA maNDana kreN| kiMtu yadi hemacaMdra kI 'mahAdevastotra' Adi racanAoM evaM unake vyAvahArika jIvana kodekheM tohameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki unake jIvana meM aura vyavahAra meM dhArmika udAratA vidyamAna thii| kumArapAla ke pUrva vejayasiMha siddharAja ke samparka meM the, kiMtu unake jIvanavRtta hameM aisA koI saMketa - sUtra nahIM milatA ki unhoMne kabhI bhI siddharAja kojainadharma kA anuyAyI banAnekA prayatna kiyA ho| mAtra yahI nahIM, jayasiMha siddharAja ke darabAra meM rahatehue bhI unhoMne kabhI kisI anya paramparA ke vidvAn kI upekSA yA avamAnanA kI ho, aisA bhI koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| 2 yadyapi kathAnakoM meM jayasiMha siddharAja ke darabAra meM unake digambara jaina AcArya ke sAtha hue vAda-vivAda kA ullekha

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210 avazya hai, paraMtu usameM bhI mukhya vAdI ke rUpa meM hemacaMdra na hokara bRhadgacchIya vAdidevasUri hI the| yaha bhI satya hai ki hemacaMdra se prabhAvita hokara kumArapAla nejainadharmAnuyAyI banakara jainadharma kI paryApta prabhAvanA kI, kiMtu kumArapAla ke dharmaparivartana yA unakojaina banAnemeM hemacaMdra kA kitanA hAtha thA, yaha vicAraNIya hai| vastutaH hemacaMdra ke dvArA na kevala kumArapAla kI jIva- rakSA huI thI, apitu userAjya bhI milA thaa| yaha toAcArya ke prati usakI atyadhika niSThA hI thI, jisane use jainadharma kI 'ora AkarSita kiyaa| yaha bhI satya hai ki hemacaMdra neusake mAdhyama se ahiMsA aura naitika mUlyoM kA prasAra karavAyA aura jainadharma kI prabhAvanA bhI karavAI, kiMtu kabhI bhI unhoMne rAjA meM dhArmika kaTTaratA kA bIja nahIM boyA / kumArapAla sampUrNa jIvana meM zaivoM " prati bhI utanA hI udAra rahA, jitanA vaha jainoM ke prati thaa| yadi hemacaMdra cAhatetousezaivadharma sepUrNataH vimukha kara sakatethe, para unhoMne kabhI aisA nahIM kiyA balki usesadaiva hI zaivadharmAnuyAyiyoM ke sAtha udAra dRSTikoNa rakhanekA Adeza diyaa| yadi hemacaMdra meM dhArmika saMkIrNatA hotI tovekumArapAla dvArA somanAtha maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karA kara usakI pratiSThA meM svayaM bhAga kyoM lete ? athavA svayaM mahAdevastotra kI racanA kara rAjA ke sAtha svayaM bhI mahAdeva kI stuti kaisekara sakatethe ? unake dvArA racita mahAdevastotra isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki vedhArmika udAratA ke samarthaka the| stotra meM unhoMneziva, mahezvara, mahAdeva Adi zabdoM kI suMdara aura sampradAya nirapekSa vyAkhyA karate hue aMta meM yahI kahA hai ki saMsAra rUpI bIja ke aMkuroM koutpanna karanevAlerAga aura dveSa jisake samApta hogae hoM unheM maiM namaskAra karatA hUM, cAhevebrahmA hoM, viSNu hoM, mahAdeva hoM athavA jina hoM | 3 dhArmika sahiSNutA kA artha mithyA vizvAsoM kA poSaNa nahIM yadyapi hemacaMdra dhArmika sahiSNutA ke samarthaka haiM, phira bhI veisa saMdarbha meM satarka haiM ki dharma ke nAma para mithyAdhAraNAoM aura aMdhavizvAsoM kA poSaNa na ho| isa saMdarbha meM vespaSTa rUpa sekahate haiM ki jisa dharma meM deva yA upAsya rAgadveSa seyukta hoM, dharmaguru abrahmacArI hoM aura dharma meM karuNA va dayA ke bhAvoM kA abhAva ho, aisA dharma vastutaH adharma hI hai| upAsya ke sambaMdha meM hemacaMdra konAmoM kA koI Agraha nahIM, cAhevahaM brahmA ho, viSNu ho, ziva hoyA jina, kiMtu upAsya hone ke lie veeka zarta avazya rakha dete haiM, - dveSamukta honA caahie| vesvayaM kahatehaiM ki

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211 bhvbiijaaNkurjnnraagdyaakssymupaagtaasy| brahmA vA viSNurvA harovA jinovA nmstsmai||4 isI prakAra guru ke saMdarbha meM bhI unakA kahanA hai ki usebrahmacArI yA caritravAna honA caahie| velikhatehaiM ki sarvAbhilASiNaH sarvabhojinaH sprigrhH| abrahmacAriNomithyopadezAH guravona tu||5 arthAt joAkAMkSA seyukta ho, bhojyAbhojya ke viveka serahita ho, parigraha sahita aura abrahmacArI tathA mithyA upadeza denevAlA ho, vaha guru nahIM hosktaa| vespaSTa rUpa sekahatehaiM ki johiMsA aura parigraha meM AkaNTha DUbA ho, vaha dUsaroM kokaise tAra sakatA hai| josvayaM dIna hovaha dUsaroM kodhanADhya kaisebanA sakatA hai|6 arthAt caritravAna, niSparigrahI aura brahmacArI vyakti hI guru yogya hosakatA hai| dharma svarUpa ke sambaMdha meM bhI hemacaMdra kA dRSTikoNa spaSTa hai| vespaSTa rUpa seyaha mAnatehaiM ki jisa sAdhanAmArga meM dayA evaM karuNA kA abhAva ho, joviSayAkAMkSAoM kI pUrti kohI jIvana kA lakSya mAnatA ho, jisameM saMyama kA abhAva ho, vaha dharma nahIM hosktaa| hiMsAdisekaluSitadharma, dharmana hokara saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hI hotA hai|7 ___ isa prakAra hemacaMdra dhArmika sahiSNutA kosvIkAra karatehue bhI itanA avazya mAnatehaiM ki dharma ke nAma para adharma kA poSaNa nahIM honA caahie| unakI dRSTi meM dharma kA artha koI viziSTa karmakANDa na hokara karuNA aura lokamaMgala seyukta sadAcAra kA sAmAnya Adarza hI hai| vespaSTataH kahatehaiM ki saMyama, zIla aura dayA serahitadharma manuSya ke bauddhika divAliyepana kA hI sUcaka hai| veAtma-pIr3A ke sAtha udghoSa karatehaiM ki yaha bar3e kheda kI bAta hai ki jisake mUla meM kSamA, zIla aura dayA hai, aisekalyANakArI : dharmakochor3akaramandabuddhi loga hiMsA kobhI dharma maantehaiN|8 isa prakAra hemacaMdra dhArmika udAratA ke kaTTara samarthaka hotehue bhI dharma ke nAma para AI huI vikRtiyoM aura caritrahInatA kI samIkSA krtehaiN| sarvadharmasamabhAva kyoM? hemacaMdra kI dRSTi meM sarvadharmasamabhAva kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai, isakA nirdeza paM. becaradAsajI neapane hemacaMdrAcArya'9 nAmaka graMtha meM kiyA hai| jayasiMha siddharAja

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212 kI sabhA meM hemacaMdra nesarvadharmasamabhAva ke viSaya meM jovicAra prastuta kie the, vepaM. becaradAsajI ke zabdoM meM nimnalikhita haiM - 'hemacaMdra kahate haiM ki prajA meM yadi vyApaka deza-prema aura zUravIratA ho kiMtu yadi dhArmika udAratA na hotodeza kI janatA khataremeM hI hogI, yaha nizcita hI samajhanA caahie| dhArmika udAratA ke abhAva meM prema saMkucita hojAtA hai aura zUravIratA eka unmattatA kA rUpa leletI hai| aiseunmatta loga khUna kI nadiyoM ko bahAne meM bhI nahIM cUkate aura deza ujAr3a hojAtA hai / somanAtha ke pavitra devAlaya kA naSTa honA isakA jvalanta pramANa hai| dakSiNa meM dharma ke nAma para josaMgharSa huA unameM hajAroM logoM kI jaanegiiN| yaha havA gujarAta kI ora bahane lagI hai, kiMtu hameM vicAranA cAhie ki yadi gujarAta meM isa dharmAndhatA kA praveza hogayA, tohamArI janatA aura rAjya kovinaSTa honemeM koI samaya nahIM lgegaa| AgevepunaH kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra gujarAta ke mahArAjya ke vibhinna deza apanI vibhinna bhASAoM, vezabhUSAoM aura vyavasAyoM kokaratehue sabhI mahArAjA siddharAja kI AjJA ke vazIbhUta hokara kArya karate haiM, usI prakAra cAhehamAredhArmika kriyAkalApa bhinna hoM, phira bhI unameM viveka - dRSTi rakhakara sabhI koeka paramAtmA kI AjJA ke anukUla rahanA caahie| isI meM deza aura prajA kA kalyANa hai| yadi hama sahiSNuvRtti sena rahakara, dharma ke nAma para yaha vivAda kareMgeki yaha dharma jhUThA hai aura yaha dharma saccA hai, yaha dharma nayA hai yaha dharma purAnA hai, tohama sabakA hI nAza hogaa| Aja hama jisa dharma kA AcaraNa kara rahe haiM, vaha koI zuddha dharma na hokara zuddha dharma ko prApta karane ke lie yogyatAbheda ke AdhAra para banAe gae bhinna-bhinna sAmpradAyika baMdhAraNa mAtra haiN| hameM yaha dhyAna raheki zastroM ke AdhAra para lar3A gayA yuddha tokabhI samApta hojAtA hai, paraMtu zAstroM ke AdhAra para honevAle saMgharSa kabhI samApta nahIM hote, ataH dharma ke nAma para ahiMsA Adi pAMca vratoM kA pAlana ho, saMtoM kA samAgama ho, brAhmaNa, zramaNa aura mAtA-pitA kI sevA ho, yadi jIvana meM hama itanA hI pA sakeM tohamArI bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hogii|' hemacaMdra kI carcA meM dhArmika udAratA ke svarUpa aura unake pariNAmoM kA jomahattvapUrNa ullekha hai vaha Aja bhI utanA hI prAsaMgika hai jitanA ki kabhI hemacaMdra ke samaya meM rahA hogaa|

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213 hemacaMdra aura gujarAta kI sadAcAra krAMti hemacaMdra siddharAja aura kumArapAla ko apane prabhAva meM lekara gujarAta meM josadAcAra krAMti kI, vaha unake jIvana kI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai aura jisase Aja taka bhI gujarAta kA janajIvana prabhAvita hai| hemacaMdra ne apane prabhAva kA upayoga janasAdhAraNa koahiMsA aura sadAcAra kI ora prerita karaneke lie kiyaa| kumArapAla koprabhAvita kara unhoMne isa bAta kA vizeSa prayatna kiyA ki janasAdhAraNa meM se hiMsaka vRtti aura kusaMskAra samApta hoN| unhoMnezikAra aura pazu bali ke niSedha ke sAtha-sAtha madyapAna niSedha, dyUtakrIr3A - niSedha ke Adeza bhI rAjA sepArita kraae| AcArya nena kevala isa sambaMdha meM rAjyAdeza nikalavAe, apitu jana-jana korAjyAdezoM ke pAlana hetu prerita bhI kiyA aura sampUrNa gujarAta aura usake sImAvartI pradeza meM eka vizeSa vAtAvaraNa nirmita kara diyaa| usa samaya ke gujarAta kI sthiti kA kucha citraNa hameM hemacaMdra ke mahAvIracarita meM milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'rAjA ke hiMsA aura zikAraniSedha kA prabhAva yahAM taka huA ki asaMskArI kuloM meM janma lenevAle vyaktiyoM ne bhI khaTamala aura jUM jaisesUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA baMda kara dii| zikAra baMda hojAnesejIva-jaMtu jaMgaloM meM usI nirbhayatA seghUmanelage, jaisegauzAlA meM gaayeN| rAjya meM madirApAna isa prakAra baMda hogayA ki kumbhAroM kI madyabhANDa banAnA bhI baMda karanA pdd'aa| madyapAna ke kAraNa jologa atyaMta daridra hogae the, veisakA tyAga kara phira sedhanI hoge| sampUrNa rAjya meM dyUtakrIr3A kA nAmonizAna hI samApta hogayA' 10 isa prakAra hemacaMdra ne apane prabhAva kA upayoga kara gujarAta meM vyasanamukta saMskArI jIvana kI jokrAMti kI thI, usake tattva Aja taka gujarAta ke janajIvana meM kisI sImA taka surakSita haiN| vastutaH yaha hemacaMdra ke vyaktitva kI mahAnatA hI thI jisake pariNAmasvarUpa eka sampUrNa rAjya meM saMskAra krAMti hoskii| striyoM aura vidhavAoM ke saMrakSaka hemacaMdra + yadyapi hemacaMdra neapane'yogazAstra' meM pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM ke samAna hI brahmacarya ke sAdhaka ko apanI sAdhanA meM sthira rakhaneke lie nArI - niMdA kI hai| vekahatehaiM ki striyoM meM svabhAva sehI caMcalatA, nirdayatA aura kuzIlatA ke doSa hote haiN| eka bAra samudra kI thAha pAI jA sakatI hai, kiMtu svabhAva sekuTila, duzcaritra kAminiyoM ke svabhAva kI thAha pAnA kaThina hai| 11 kiMtu isake AdhAra para yaha mAna

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214 lenA ki hemacaMdra strI jAti ke mAtra Alocakathe, galata hogaa| hemacaMdra nenArI jAti kI pratiSThAaura kalyANa ke lie jomahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA, usake kAraNa veyugoM taka yAda kie jaaeNge| unhoMnekumArapAla koupadeza dekara vidhavA aura nissantAna striyoM kI sampatti korAjyasAta kie jAnekI krUra-prathA kosampUrNa rAjya meM sadaiva ke lie baMda karavAyA aura isa mAdhyama sena kevala nArI-jAti kosampatti kA adhikAra dilavAyA,12 apitu unakI sAmAjika jIvana meM pratiSThA bhI kI aura anekAneka vidhavAoM kosaMkaTamaya jIvana seubAra diyaa| ataH hama kaha sakatehaiM ki hemacaMdra nenArI kousakI khoI huI pratiSThA pradAna kii| prajArakSaka hemacaMdra hemacaMdra kI dRSTi meM rAjA kA sabasemahattvapUrNa karttavya apanI prajA ke sukhaduHkha kA dhyAna rakhanA hai| hemacaMdra rAjaguru hokara janasAdhAraNa ke nikaTa samparka meM the| eka samaya veapanekisI ati nirdhana bhakta ke yahAM bhikSArtha gae aura vahAM se sUkhI roTI aura moTA khuradurA kapar3A bhikSA meM prApta kiyaa| vahI moTI roTI khAkara aura moTA vastra dhAraNa kara verAjadarabAra meM phuNce| kumArapAla nejaba unheM anyamanaska, moTA kapar3A pahanedarabAra meM dekhA, tojijJAsA prakaTa kI, ki mujhasekyA koI galatI hogaI hai? AcArya hemacaMdra nekahA- 'hama tomuni haiM, hamArelie tosUkhI roTI aura moTA kapar3A hI ucita hai, kiMtu jisa rAjA ke rAjya meM prajA koitanA kaSTamaya jIvana bitAnA hotA hai, vaha rAjA apaneprajA-dharma kA pAlaka tonahIM kahA jA sktaa| aisA rAjA narakesarI honeke sthAna para narakezvarI hI hotA hai| eka ora apAra svarNa-rAzi aura dUsarI ora tana DhakanekA kapar3A aura khAneke lie sUkhI roTI kA abhAva, yaha rAjA ke lie ucita nahIM hai|' kahA jAtA hai ki hemacaMdra ke isa upadeza seprabhAvita horAjA neAdeza diyA ki nagara meM jobhI atyaMta garIba loga haiM, unakorAjya kI ora sevastra aura khAdya-sAmagrI pradAna kI jaae|13 isa prakAra hama dekhatehaiM ki hemacaMdra yadyapi svayaM eka muni kA jIvana jItethe, kiMtu lokamaMgala aura lokakalyANa ke lie tathA nirdhana janatA ke kaSTa dUra karaneke lie vesadA tatpara rahatetheaura isake lie rAjadarabAra meM bhI apaneprabhAva kA prayoga krtethe|

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215 samAjazAstrI hemacaMdra * svayaM muni hote hue bhI hemacaMdra pArivArika evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI suvyavasthA ke lie sajaga the| veeka aise AcArya thejojanasAdhAraNa ke sAmAjika jIvana ke utthAna kobhI dharmAcArya kA Avazyaka karttavya mAnate the / unakI dRSTi meM dhArmika honekI Avazyaka zarta yaha bhI thI ki vyakti eka sabhya samAja ke sadasya ke rUpa meM jInA siikhe| eka acchA nAgarika honA dhArmika jIvana meM praveza karanekI Avazyaka bhUmikA hai| apane graMtha 'yogazAstra' meM unhoMnespaSTa rUpa seyaha ullekha kiyA hai ki zrAvakadharma kA anusaraNa karaneke pUrva vyakti eka acche nAgarika kA jIvana jInA siikhe| unhoMne aise 35 guNoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jinakA pAlana eka acche nAgarika ke lie Avazyaka rUpa sevAMchanIya hai / velikhate haiM ki - '1. nyAyapUrvaka dhana-sampatti koarjita karanevAlA, 2. sAmAnya ziSTAcAra kA pAlana karanevAlA, 3. samAna kula aura zIla vAlI anya gotra kI kanyA sevivAha karanevAlA, 4. pApabhIru, 5. prasiddha dezAcAra kA pAlana karanevAlA, 6. niMdA kA tyAgI, 7. aisemakAna meM nivAsa karanevAlA jona toadhika khulA hona ati gupta, 8. sadAcAra vyaktiyoM ke satsaMga meM rahanevAlA, 9. mAtA-pitA kI sevA karanevAlA, 10. azAMta tathA upadrava yukta satsaMga sthAna kotyAga denevAlA, 11. niMdanIya kArya meM pravRtti na karanevAlA, 12. Aya ke anusAra vyaya karanevAlA, 13. sAmAjika pratiSThA evaM samRddhi ke anusAra vastra dhAraNa karanevAlA, 14. buddhi ke ATha guNoM seyukta, 15. sadaiva dharmopadeza kA zravaNa karanevAlA, 16. ajIrNa ke samaya bhojana kA tyAga karanevAlA, 17. bhojana ke avasara para svAsthyaprada bhojana karanevAlA, 18. dharma, artha aura kAma ina tInoM vargoM kA paraspara virodha-rahita bhAva sesevana karanevAlA, 19. yathAzakti atithi, sAdhu evaM dIna duHkhiyoM kI sevA karanevAlA, 20. mithyA AgrahoM sesadA dUra rahanevAlA, 21. guNoM kA pakSapAtI, 22. niSiddha dezAcAra aura kAlAcAra kA tyAgI, 23. apanebalAbala kA samyak jJAna karanevAlA aura apanebalAbala kA vicAra kara kArya karanevAlA, 24. vrata, niyama meM sthira, jJAnI evaM vRddhajanoM kA pUjA, 25. apane AzritoM kA pAlana-poSaNa karanevAlA, 26. dIrghadarzI, 27. vizeSajJa, 28. kRtajJa, 29. lokapriya, 30. lajjAvAna, 31. dayAlu, 32. zAMtasvabhAvI, 33. paropakAra karane meM tatpara, 34. kAmakrodhAdi aMtaraMga zatruoM para vijaya prApta karanevAlA

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216 aura 35. apanI iMdriyoM kovaza meM rakhanevAlA vyakti hI gRhastha dharma ke pAlana karane yogya hai / 14 vastutaH isa samagra carcA meM AcArya hemacaMdra neeka yogya nAgarika ke sAre karttavyoM aura dAyitvoM kA saMketa kara diyA hai aura isa prakAra aisI jIvanazailI kA nirdeza kiyA hai jisake AdhAra para sAmaMjasya aura zAMtipUrNa samAja kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isaseyaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki AcArya hemacaMdra sAmAjika aura pArivArika jIvana kI upekSA karake nahIM calate, varan ve useitanA hI mahattva dete haiM jitanA Avazyaka hai aura veyaha bhI mAnate haiM ki dhArmika honeke lie eka acchA nAgarika honA Avazyaka hai / hemacaMdra kI sAhitya sAdhanA 15 macaMdra gujarAta kI ora bhAratIya saMskRti kojomahattvapUrNa avadAna diyA hai, vaha mukhyarUpa se unakI sAhityika pratibhA ke kAraNa hI hai| inhoMne apanI sAhityika pratibhA ke bala para hI vividha vidyAoM meM graMtha kI racanA kii| jahAM eka ora unhoMne abhidhAna-cintAmaNi, anekArthasaMgraha, nighaMTukoSa aura dezInAmamAlA jaisezabdakoSoM kI racanA kI, vahIM dUsarI ora siddhahema - zabdAnuzAsanaliMgAnuzAsana, dhAtupArAyaNa jaisevyAkaraNa graMtha bhI race / koza aura vyAkaraNa graMthoM ke atirikta hemacaMdra nekAvyAnuzAsana jaisealaMkAra graMtha aura chandonuzAsana jaisechandazAstra ke graMtha kI racanA bhI kI / vizeSatA yaha hai ki ina saiddhAMtika graMthoM meM unhoMnesaMskRta bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke upekSita vyAkaraNa kI bhI carcA kii| ina siddhAMtoM ke prAyogika pakSa ke lie unhoMne saMskRta-prAkRta meM dvayAzraya jaisemahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| hemacaMdra mAtra sAhitya ke hI vidvAna nahIM the, apitu dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM bhI unakI gati nirbAdha thI / darzana ke kSetra meM unhoMne anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA, ayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA aura pramANamImAMsA jaise praur3ha graMtha racetodharma ke kSetra meM yogazAstra jaisesAdhanApradhAna graMtha kI bhI racanA kii| kathA sAhitya meM unake dvArA racita triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai| hemacaMdra nesAhitya, kAvya, dharma aura darzana jisa kisI vidhA ko apanAyA, useeka pUrNatA pradAna kii| unakI isa vipula sAhityasarjanA kA hI pariNAma thA ki unheM kalikAlasarvajJa kI upAdhi pradAna kI gii|

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217 sAhitya ke kSetra meM hemacaMdra ke avadAna kosamajhane ke lie unake dvArA racita graMthoM kA kiMcit mUlyAMkana karanA hogaa| yadyapi hemacaMdra ke pUrva vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA apanA mahattva thA, usa para aneka vRttiyAM aura bhASya likhegae, phira bhI vaha vidyArthiyoM ke lie durbodha hI thaa| vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana kI naI, sahaja evaM bodhagamya praNAlI kojanma denekA zreya hemacaMdra ko hai / vaha hemacaMdra kA hI prabhAva thA ki paravartIkAla meM brAhmaNa paramparA meM isI paddhati koAdhAra banAkara graMtha lie gae aura pANini ke aSTAdhyAyI kI praNAlI paThana-pAThana sedhIre-dhIreupekSita hogii| hemacaMdra ke vyAkaraNa kI eka vizeSatA toyaha hai ki AcArya nesvayaM usakI vRtti ke katipaya zikSA sUtroM kouddhRta kiyA hai| unake vyAkaraNa kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unameM saMskRta ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa bhI die gae haiM / vyAkaraNa ke samAna hI unake kozagraMtha, kAvyAnuzAsana aura chandAnuzAsana jaisesAhityika siddhAMta-graMtha bhI apanA mahattva rakhate haiN| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita aura pariziSTaparva ke rUpa meM unhoMne jainadharma kI paurANika aura aitihAsika sAmagrI kA josaMkalana kiyA hai, vaha bhI nizcaya hI mahattvapUrNa hai| yahAM unakI yoga zAstra, pramANamImAMsA Adi sabhI kRtiyoM kA mUlyAMkana sambhava nahIM hai, kiMtu paravartI sAhityakAroM dvArA kiyA gayA unakA anukaraNa isa bAta kosiddha karatA hai ki unakI pratibhA sena kevala unakA ziSyamaNDala apitu paravartI jaina yA jainetara vidvAn bhI prabhAvita hue| muni zrI puNyavijayajI nehemacaMdra kI samagra kRtiyoM kA jozloka - parimANa diyA hai, usasepatA lagatA hai ki unhoMnedolAkha zlokaparimANa sAhitya kI racanA kI hai jounakI sRjanadharmitA ke mahattva kospaSTa karatI hai| sAdhaka hemacaMdra hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki eka mahAn sAhityakAra aura prabhAvazAlI rAjaguru hote hue bhI mUlataH hemacaMdra eka AdhyAtmika sAdhaka the| yadyapi hemacaMdra kA adhikAMza jIvana sAhitya-sRjana ke sAtha-sAtha gujarAta meM jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra tathA vahAM kI rAjanIti meM apaneprabhAva koyathAvat banAe rakhane meM bItA, kiMtu kAlAMtara meM guru seulAhanA pAkara hemacaMdra kI prasupta adhyAtmaniSThA punaH jAgrata hogaI thii| kumArapAla jaba hemacaMdra se apanI kIrti koamara karanekA upAya pUchA tounhoMnedoupAya batAe- 1. somanAtha ke maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra aura 2. samasta deza koRNamukta karake vikramAditya ke samAna apanA saMvat claanaa| kumArapAla kodUsarA

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218 upAya adhika upayukta lagA, kiMtu samasta deza koRNamukta karane ke lie jitanedhana kI AvazyakatA thI, utanA usake pAsa nahIM thA, ataH usane guru hemacaMdra sedhana prApti kA upAya puuchaa| isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu yaha upAya socA gayA ki hemacaMdra ke guru devacaMdrasUri kopATana bulavAyA jAe aura unheM josvarNasiddhi vidyA prApta hai, usake dvArA apAra svarNarAzi prApta karake samasta prajA koRNamukta kiyA jaae| rAjA, apanepriya ziSya hemacaMdra aura pATana ke zrAvakoM ke Agraha para devacaMdrasUri pATaNa Ae, kiMtu jaba unheM apanepATaNa bulAe jAneke uddezya kA patA calA to, na kevala vepATaNa se prasthAna kara gae, apitu unhoMne apaneziSya ko adhyAtma sAdhanA sevimukha holokaiSaNA meM par3ane kA ulAhanA bhI diyA aura kahA ki laukika pratiSThA arjita karanekI apekSA pAralaukika pratiSThA ke lie bhI kucha prayatna kro| jainadharma kI aisI prabhAvanA bhI jisake kAraNa tumhArA apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hI kuMThita hojAe tumhAre lie kisa kAma kI ? kahA jAtA hai ki guru ke isa ulAhanesehemacaMdra ko apanI mithyA mahattvAkAMkSA kA bodha huA aura veantarmukha ho adhyAtma sAdhanA kI ora prerita hue| 16 yeyaha vicAra karane lageki maiMne lokaiSaNA meM par3akara na kevala apaneApakosAdhanA sevimukha kiyA, apitu guru kI sAdhanA meM bhI vighna ddaalaa| pazcAtApa kI yaha pIr3A hemacaMdra kI AtmA kobarAbara kacoTatI rahI, joisa tathya kI sUcaka hai ki hemacaMdra mAtra sAhityakAra yA rAjaguru hI nahIM the, apitu AdhyAtmika sAdhaka bhI the| vastutaH hemacaMdra kA vyaktitva itanA vyApaka aura mahAn hai ki usesamagrataH zabdoM kI sImA meM bAMdha pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, usa yuga meM rahakara unhoMnejokucha socA aura kahA thA vaha Aja bhI prAsaMgika hai| kAza! hama unake mahAn vyaktitva sepreraNA lekara hiMsA, vaimanasya aura saMgharSa kI vartamAna trAsadI se bhArata ko bacA skte|

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219 8. saMdarbha1.. hemacaMdrAcArya (paM. becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI), pR. 123. 2. AcArya hemacaMdra (vi.bhA. mUsalagAMvakara), pR. 191. dekheM : mahAdevastotra (AtmAnandasabhA, bhAvanagara), pR. 1-16 ____ mahAdevastotra, pR. 44 yogazAstra, 2/9 vahI, 2/10 vahI, 2/13 vahI, 1/40 9. hemacaMdrAcArya, pR. 53-56 dekheM : mahAvIracaritra (hemacaMdra), 65-75 (kumArapAla ke sambaMdha meM mahAvIrakIbhaviSyavANI) 11. yogazAstra, 2/84-85 12. hemacaMdrAcArya, pR.77 13. vahI, pR. 101-104 14. yogazAstra, 1/47-56 15. dekheM:AcArya hemacaMdra (vi.bhA.musalagAMvakara), adhAya 7 16. . hemacaMdrAcArya, pR. 13-178.

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aa aak prAcya vidyApITha : eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 se saMcAlita prAcya vidyA pITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI mArga para sthita isa saMsthAna kA mukhya udezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaH pratiSThita karanA hai / isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindu dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 12,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ bhI hai| yahA~ 40 patra patrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai isa parisara meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zodhArthiyoM aura mumukSujanoM ke lie adhyayana-adhyApana ke sAtha-sAtha nivAsa, bhojana Adi kI bhI uttama vyavasthA hai| zodhakArya ke mArgadarzana evaM zikSaNa hetu DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kA satat sAnidhya prApta hai| ise vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina dvArA zodha saMsthAna ke rupa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai /

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina janma di. 22.02.1932 janma sthAna zAjApura (ma.pra.) zikSA sAhityaratna : 1954 ema.e. (darzana zAstra) : 1963 pI-eca.DI. : 1969 akAdamika upalabdhiyA~ : pravaktA (darzanazAstra) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevAH 1964-67 sahAyaka prAdhyApaka ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1968-85 prAdhyApaka (prophesara) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1985-89 nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI : 1979-1987 evaM 1989-1997 lekhana : 49 pustakeM sampAdana : 160 pustakeM pradhAna sampAdaka jaina vidyA vizvakoSa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI mahatvAkAMkSI pariyojanA) puraskAra : pradIpakumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra : 1986 evaM 1998 svAmI praNavAnanda puraskAra : 1987 DipTImala puraskAra :1992 AcArya hastImala smRti sammAna : 1994 vidyAvAradhi sammAna 2003 presIDensIyala avArDa oNpha jainA yU.esa.e: 2007 vAgArtha sammAna (ma.pra. zAsana) : 2007 gautama gaNadhara sammAna (prAkRta bhAratI) : 2008 ArcAya tulasI prAkRta sammAna : 2009 vidyAcandrasUrI sammAna : 2011 samatA manISI sammAna : 2012 sadasya : akAdamika saMsthAe~ pUrva sadasya - vidvata pariSada, bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla sadasya - jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM pUrva sadasya - mAnada nidezaka, Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udypur| samprati saMsthApaka - prabaMdha nyAsI evaM nidezaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra) pUrvasacivaHpArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI videza bhramaNa : yU.esa.e., zikAgoM, rAle, hyUTana, nyUjarsI, uttarIkarolInA, vAziMgaTana, senaphrAMsisko, laoNsa eMjilsa, phinIksa, seMTa luIsa, piTsabarga, ToraNToM, (kanAr3A) nyUyArka, landana (yU.ke.) aura kATamA (nepAla) Printed at Akrati Offset, UJJAIN Ph. 0734-2561720