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________________ take divA jananAyA bhaka-bhAratavarSIya digambara jAtIya kameTI babbara
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________________ 'bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha' granthamAlA kA yaha pAMcavA~ bhAga karnATaka ke vizva prasiddha jaina tIrthoM, aitihAsika aura purAtAttvika jaina sthaloM tathA jaina saMskRti aura kalA kI usa camatkArI upalabdhi se sambandhita hai jisane zatAbdiyoM se jana-jana kI zraddhA ko saMpuSTa kiyA hai| granthamAlA ke pUrva prakAzita cAra bhAgoM meM uttara pradeza, bihAra, baMgAla, ur3IsA; madhya pradeza, rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura mahArASTra ke digambara jaina tIrthoM kA varNana hai, jinameM aneka tIrthoM kI pahacAna siddhakSetra, kalyANakakSetra, atizayakSetra Adi ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| dakSiNa ke jaina tIrthoM ke viSaya meM dRSTi ko adhika vistAra denA hogA kyoMki yahA~ zraddhAbandanA nirmANa aura kalA ke vibhinna mAdhyamoM meM rUpAyita huI hai| gommaTezvara bAhubalI kI mahimA ko purANoM aura mahAkAvyoM ne amara banAyA hai, unako kalA ke AcAryoM ne parvata-khaNDa meM manamohaka rUpa dekara manuSya kI zraddhA ko sAkSAt jIvanta banA diyA hai| AcAryoM ke AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI, bhagavAna kundakunda deva, siddhAnta cakravartI AcArya nemicandra, vIramArtaNDa cAmuNDarAya, mahimAmayI kAlaladevI, dAnazIlA bakkanadevI, saundarya aura sAdhanA kI tejasvinI mUrti paTTamahAdevI zAntalA-ina sabake AkhyAnoM ne mandiroM, guphAoM, mUrtiyoM, maThoM, zilAlekhoM, mAnastambhoM, vasadiyoM, bhitticitroM meM apanA itihAsa pratiSThApita kiyA hai, apanA rUpa pratibimbita kiyA hai| prakRti ne ullasita hokara mAno donoM hAthoM se apanA vaibhava yahA~ bikherA hai| nadI, jharane, kuNDa, vRkSa, latAe~, zItala-surabhita samIra, sugandhita dravya tathA saMsAra ke yAtriyoM ke lie paryaTana-sthalI-sabakucha yahA~ hai| paga-paga tIrtha, kaNa-kaNa pavitra ! isa grantha ko tIrthakSetra kameTI ne apanA upAsanAkUsama mAnA hai| Apa ise par3hakara AhlAdita hoMge, apanI tIrthayAtrA ko sugama aura upayogI banA sakeMge, isa AzA se yaha pA~cavA~ bhAga pAThakoM ko samarpita hai| isa granthamAlA kA agalA arthAt chaThA bhAga, jisakA sambandha tamilanADu, Andhra aura kerala se hai, prakAzanArtha niyojita hai|
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________________ bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (pAcA bhAga) knki
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________________ bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (pA~cavA~ bhAga) karnATaka sAmagrI - saMkalana evaM lekhana DaoN. rAjamala jaina saMzodhana-sampAdana lakSmIcandra jaina niyojaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18 insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, ut fact-110003 prakAzaka bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI, hIrAbAga, bambaI - 400004
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________________ bhArata ke digambara jana tIrtha, bhAga 5 karnATaka prakAzaka bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI, hIrAbAga, bambaI - 400004 prathama saMskaraNa: 1988 mUlya : 60/ C Bharatvarshiya Digamber Jain Tirth-Kshetra Committee, Hirabaug, Bombay - 400004 mudraka pArasa priMTarsa navIna zAhadarA, dillI-110032 AvaraNa citra : gomaTeza bAhubalI (zravaNabelagola), nAgayugala (basavakalyANa saMgrahAlaya), cAmuNDarAya basadi (zravaNabelagola)
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________________ Amukha bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI ko isa bAta kI prasannatA hai ki sAre deza meM sthita digambara jaina tIrthoM kA itihAsa, bhUgola, paurANika AkhyAna, sthApatya, yAtrA-mArga tathA upalabdha sAdhanoM Adi kA paricaya dene vAlI 'bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha' granthamAlA ke antargata yaha pA~cavA~ bhAga prakAzita ho rahA hai| isa bhAga meM dakSiNa bhArata meM karnATaka pradeza meM sthita digambara jaina tIrthoM aura purAtAtvika sthAnoM kA kramabaddha varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pUrva prakAzita cAra bhAgoM meM kramazaH uttara pradeza (dillI tathA podanapura-takSazilA sahita), 2-bihAra-baMgAla-ur3IsA, 3-madhyapradeza, 4-rAjasthAna-gujarAta-mahArASTra ke tIrthasthAnoM kA varNana hai| pichale bhAga kI bhUmikA kA nimnalikhita aMza yojanA ke mUlabhUta uddezya aura dRSTikoNa para prakAza DAlatA "hamArI sad-AsthA ko AdhAra dene vAle, hamAre jIvana ko kalyANamaya banAne vAle, hamArI dhArmika paramparA kI ahiMsAmUlaka saMskRti kI jyoti ko prakAzamAna rakhane vAle, janajana kA kalyANa karane vAle hamAre tIrthaMkara hI haiM / janma-maraNa ke bhavasAgara se ubArakara akSaya sukha ke tIra para le jAne vAle hamAre tIrthaMkara pratyeka yuga meM tIrtha kA pravartana karate haiM arthAt mokSa kA mArga prazasta karate haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI isa mahimA ko apane hRdaya meM basAye rakhane aura apane zraddhAna ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke lie hamane una sabhI vizeSa sthAnoM ko tIrtha kahA jahA~-jahA~ tIrthaMkaroM ke janma Adi 'kalyANaka' hue, jahA~ se kevalI bhagavAn, AcArya aura sAdhu 'siddha' hue, jahA~ ke 'atizaya' ne zraddhAluoM ko adhika zraddhAyukta banAyA, unheM dharma prabhAvanA ke camatkAroM se sAkSAtkAra kraayaa| aise pAvana sthAnoM meM se kucha haiM jo aitihAsika kAla ke pUrva se hI pUje jAte haiM aura jinakA varNana purANa-kathAoM kI paramparA se puSTa huA hai| anya tIrthoM ke sAtha itihAsa kI koTi meM Ane vAle tathya jur3ate cale gaye haiM aura manuSya kI kalA ne unheM alaMkRta kiyA hai| sthApatya aura mUrtikalA ne evaM vividha zilpakAroM ne ina sthAnoM ke mahattva ko bar3hAyA hai| anAdi-ananta prakRti kA manorama rUpa aura vaibhava to prAyaH sabhI tIrthoM para vidyamAna hai| aise sabhI tIrthasthAnoM kI vandanA kA prabandha aura tIrthoM kI surakSA kA dAyitva samAja kI jo saMsthA akhila bhAratIya stara para bahana karatI hai, use gaurava kI apekSA apanI sImAoM kA dhyAna adhika rahatA hai, aura yahI aisI saMsthAoM ke lie zubha hotA hai; yaha jJAna unheM sakriya rakhatA hai| - isa samaya bhI tIrthakSetra kameTI ke sAmane ina pavitra sthAnoM kI surakSA, punaruddhAra aura navanirmANa kI dizA meM eka bar3A aura vyApaka kAryakrama hai| ise pUrA karane ke lie hamAre pratyeka bhAI-bahana ko yathA sAmarthya yogadAna karane kI antaHpreraNA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai| yaha
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________________ preraNA mUrta rUpa le aura yAtrI bhAI-bahanoM ko tIrtha-vandanA kA pUrA suphala, Ananda aura jJAna prApta ho, tIrthakSetra kameTI kA isa granthamAlA ke prakAzana meM yaha dRSTikoNa rahA hai|" jaisA ki isa grantha ke sampAdakIya vaktavya meM vistAra se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, dakSiNa bhArata meM sthita tIrthoM kI prakRti aura mahattva tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka-paramparA se bhinna prakAra kA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki grantha ke saMyojana, lekhana, sampAdana aura sAmagrI ke saMkalana meM samaya lagA hai| granthamAlA kA antima, chaThA bhAga tamilanADu, Andhra pradeza aura kerala meM sthita jainatIrthoM (purAtAtvika sthAnoM) kA paricaya prastuta kregaa| yaha bhAga saMkalana aura lekhana kI prakriyA meM hai| prayatna hai ki yaha jaldI hI prakAzita ho jaae| tIrthakSetra kameTI aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke isa saMyukta prayAsa kI saphalatA meM jinajina mahAnubhAvoM ne yogadAna kiyA hai una sabake prati hama kRtajJa haiN| bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI samAja kI sarvamAnya saMsthA hai, jisakI sevAe~ tIrthoM kI surakSA, suprabandha aura unakI vandanA kI bhAvanA ko protsAhita karane ke lie samarpita haiN| tIrtha-vandanA ratha kA Ayojana dharma-cakra kI mahimA kA guNagAna hai; vaha ahiMsA, zAnti sadbhAva aura tIrthaMkaroM ke lokahitakArI upadezoM ke pracAra-prasAra kA mahimAmaya mAdhyama hai| akSaya tRtIyA jayacanda DI. lohAr3e azoka kumAra jaina 19 apraila 1988 mahAmantrI adhyakSa bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina, tIrthakSetra kameTI, bambaI
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________________ sampAdakIya bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI, bambaI, dvArA Ayojita 'bhArata ke digambara jainatIrtha, zRMkhalA meM aba taka nimna prakAra cAra bhAga chapa cuke haiM : bhAga 1- uttarapradeza ke jaina tIrtha (dillI aura podanapura-takSazilA sahita) bhAga 2-bihAra, baMgAla, ur3IsA ke jaina tIrtha bhAga 3-madhyapradeza ke jaina tIrtha bhAga 4-rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura mahArASTra ke jaina tIrtha yaha pA~cavA~ bhAga karnATaka ke jaina tIrthoM se sambandhita hai| bhAratavarSa ke sAMskRtika itihAsa meM karnATaka kA mahattva advitIya aura vilakSaNa hai| karnATaka kA smaraNa karate hI gommaTezvara bhagavAna bAhubalI kI vizva prasiddha mUrti A~khoM ke Age udbhAsita ho jAtI hai / vandanA ke lie zIza svataH jhuka jAtA hai| dRSTi AkAza kA chora chUne ko uThatI hai| saMsAra kI kalA ko udAtta stara dene vAlI isa mUrti kA camatkArI takSaNa kina zilpiyoM ke hAthoM huA hai-kauna thA unakA mArgadarzaka zilpI AcArya jisakI kalpanA meM yaha bhavyatA rUpAkAra ho gayI ? isa bhAga meM zravaNabelagola ke viSaya meM jo sAmagrI dI gayI hai vaha saMkSipta aura sArabhita hai| vistAra se isalie bacA gayA hai ki bhagavAna bAhubalI kI mUrti kI pratiSThApanA ke eka hajAra varSa pUre hone para antarrASTrIya stara kA mahAmastakAbhiSeka Ayojana 1981 IsvI meM sampanna huA thA, usa avasara para zravaNabelagola mujaraI saMsthAna, tIrthakSetra kameTI bambaI aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke saMyukta prayAsa ne aneka prakAra kA, aneka vidhAoM meM, mahattvapUrNa sAhitya prakAzita huA hai jo aitihAsika, dhArmika, sAhityika aura kalApakSa kA prAmANika dastAveja-puMja hai, jisane jJAna, bhAvanA aura zraddhA ko sabala banAyA hai| saMyukta tatvAvadhAna meM prakAzita-pracArita usa sAhitya ko isa pA~caveM bhAga kA sandarbha-aMga mAnakara pAThaka yadi adhyayana kareMge, yA kama-se-kama apane bhaNDAroM aura nijI tathA sArvajanika pustakAlayoM meM rakheMge to svAdhyAya meM ruci rakhane vAle vyaktiyoM aura zodhArthiyoM ko durlabha sAmagrI prApta ho jaayegii| ina prakAzanoM meM se kucha kA ullekha kara denA prAsaMgika hogaa| inake sambandha meM pUrI sUcanA bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI, se prApta kI jA sakatI hai| (1) jaina ArTa eNDa ArkITekcara (aMgrez2I, tIna khaNDoM meM)-sampAdaka : amalAnanda ghoSa (2) jaina kalA evaM sthApatya (hindI anuvAda, tIna khaNDoM meM)-saMpAdaka : lakSmIcandra jaina, prakAzaka ___ bhAratIya jJAnapITha (3) penorAmA oNpha jaina ArTa (TAimsa oNpha iMDiyA dvArA prakAzita) -sampAdaka : DaoN. zivarAma mUrti (4) mahotsava darzana (zravaNabelagola mujaraI iMsTITyUTa)-nIraja jaina (5) homeja Tu zravaNabelagola-sarayU dozI
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________________ (6) sekreDa zravaNabelagola-DaoN. vilAsa e. saMgave (bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita) (7) antardvandvoM ke pAra (aitihAsika upanyAsa)-lakSmIcandra jaina (8) gomaTeza gAthA (upanyAsa)-nIraja jaina (9) sattA ke Ara-pAra (nATaka)-viSNu prabhAkara (10) mahAprANa bAhubalI (nATya-kAvya)-kunthA jaina (11) mahAmastakAbhiSeka smArikA-muz2araI iMsTITyUTa zravaNabelagola se prakAzita (hindI, aMgrejI, kannaDa meM) (12) bAhubalI-citrakathA (TAimsa oNpha iNDiyA prakAzana) (13) jaya gomaTezvara-akSaya kumAra jaina (14) tapomUrti bAhubalI-kamalA jaina (15) smaraNa saMcikA (kannaDa)-e0 Ara0 nAgarAja isake atirikta jo anya aneka prakAra kA bhavya sAhitya anya aneka saMsthAoM yA vyaktiyoM dvArA prakAzita huA hai vaha bhI kama mUlyavAna nhiiN| jisa samaya tIrthakSetra kameTI dvArA karnATaka aura kerala se sambandhita isa pA~caveM bhAga kI yojanA banI usa samaya ukta vipula sAhitya meM se bahubhAga prakAzita nahIM huA thA / pA~caveM bhAga ke Ayojana aura sampAdana kA dAyitva tIrthakSetra kameTI ne jJAnapITha ko diyaa| kameTI kI ora se DaoN0 rAjamala jaina ko vizeSa anubaMdhita vyavasthA ke antargata sAmagrI-saMkalana aura lekhana kA dAyitva diyA gyaa| sampAdana kA dAyitva nirvAha karate samaya mujhe lagA ki pANDulipi ko anAvazyaka vistAra se bacAnA Avazyaka hai| sampAdana kI prakriyA meM kaThinAiyA~ bhI aneka aayiiN| saubhAgya se vIra sevA mandira, dillI ke upAdhyakSa DaoN0 gokula prasAda jaina kA sahayoga prApta huaa| vaha svayaM anubhavI haiM, vidvAna haiM aura prakAzana-kAryoM ko gati dene ke lie sadaiva tatpara rahate haiN| pRSThabhUmi meM kahIM-na-kahIM jur3e haiM-paM0 balabhadra jI, dharmarAja jI ke rUpa me vartamAna bhaTTAraka svAmI mUDabidrI aura svargIya zrI gururAja bhaTTa / yojanA kI nIMva DAlI samAja ke yazasvI netA, anabhiSikta samrATa, dAnavIra, zrAvakaziromaNi sva0 zrI sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI ne / usake bAda isakA dAyitva liyA zraddheya sAhU zreyAMsa prasAda jaina ne jinakI niSThA, bhAvanA aura lagana kA koI dUsarA udAharaNa nahIM hai| ___ bhArata ke digambara jainatIrtha granthamAlA ke antargata pichale cAra bhAgoM ke niyojana va sampAdana ke lie hamAre sAmane nizcita sthiti thI ki tIrthakSetroM meM kalyANaka kSetra kauna se haiM, siddha kSetra kauna se haiM aura atizaya kSetra kauna se haiN| dakSiNa bhArata ke tIrthasthAnoM ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kA vibhAjana sambhava nahIM hai| yahA~ kI vizeSatAoM kA dRSTikoNa aura paridRzya dUsare prakAra kA hai| jina bhagavAna bAhubalI kI caraNa-vandanA se yaha Alekha prArambha huA hai, vaha tIrthaMkara nahIM haiM, dakSiNa bhArata meM unakA janma bhI nahIM huaa| kintu yaha kaisI zubha sthiti hai ki vaha bhagavAna AdinAtha se pahale mokSagAmI hue| jina parama pUjya AcArya bhadrabAhu ne 700 se adhika digambara muniyoM ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata kI dharatI ko apanI caraNaraja se pavitra kiyA, unakA anugAmI digambara ziSya thA eka aisA samrAT jisake zaurya aura yuddha-cAturya kA
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________________ bakhAna vizva itihAsa candragupta maurya ke nAma se karatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tattvajJAna aura lokopakAriNI vANI ko jinhoMne akSaroM ke mAdhyama se akSaya banAyA una bhagavAna kundakunda svAmI kI sAdhanA-bhUmi yahI aMcala thaa| 'zaurasenI prAkRta' kA nAmakaraNa unake itihAsa kI kina yavanikAoM ke pAra kA Aloka hai ? pUjyapAda AcArya nemicandra, mahAmahimAmayI kAlaladevI, vIramArtaNDa cAmuNDarAya, dAnazIlA akkanadevI tathA kalA, saundarya, Atma-sAdhanA aura tyAga kI tejasvI mUrti paTTamahAdevI zAntalA, saba alaga-alaga tathA anya aneka-aneka vibhUtiyA~ aisI haiM jinakA eka-eka nAma eka tIrtha hai| kSetrakAla aura itihAsa ke pravAha kA nirmANa saMskRti ke jina upAdAnoM se yahA~ haA hai, vaha yahA~ jIvanta hai| karnATaka meM unakI pahacAna aura paricaya hI isa pA~caveM bhAga ke prakAzana kA uddezya hai / jina paristhitiyoM se guz2arakara isa bhAga kA prakAzana ho rahA hai, aura jo vizAla sAmagrI anyatra upalabdha hai usake pariprekSya meM ise eka aisA citrAkAra mAnanA cAhie jisake raMga eka jhalaka dikhA dete haiN| saMskRti kA rUpa aura zraddhA kI surabhi yadi pAThakoM ko itanA AkarSita kara sake ki unameM yAtrA kI icchA jAgrata ho jAya to prArambhika prayatna ke rUpa meM yaha prakAzana sArthaka hogaa| dakSiNa kI tIrthayAtrA kA artha hai ve tamAma jinAlaya, basadiyA~, maTha, mAnastambha, zilAlekha, zAstra-bhaNDAra, giri-zRga, upatyakAe~, guphAe~, prapAta, kalA-saundarya, bhitticitra, zilpasAdhanA aura uttaMga matiyA~ jo 'jainoM' kI hI nahIM, 'janoM kI haiN| aisA camatkAra aura kahA~ milegA! kahA~ hai aisI bhakti jo pAradarzI hIroM aura nagoM kI karor3oM rupayoM kI laghukAya-sampadA meM se chanakara choTI-bar3I ratna-pratimAoM kA rUpa le rahI hai ? ___ anya bhAgoM meM kSetroM kA vibhAjana bhaugolika AdhAra para, prAcIna aMcaloM ke nAma para nizcita thaa| ataH pratyeka aMcala yA janapada kA nakzA denA AsAna thaa| pradezoM kA vistAra bar3A thaa| yahA~ hamane karnATaka ke jaina tIrthasthaloM kA eka hI nakzA diyA hai jo bar3e AkAra kA hai| tIrthasthaloM ke varNana-krama meM yAtrA ke mArga ko hI prAyaH dhyAna meM rakhA hai ataH z2ile kA vibhAjana-krama kahIM-kahIM nahIM sadha pAyA hai| phira bhI tIrthasthAnoM ko jilA-krama se 'anukrama' meM darzAyA gayA hai| Aja citroM ke prakAzana kA jo stara kalA-jagat meM hai vaha bahuta U~cA hai| kintu utanA hI vaha vyaya-sAdhya hai| jJAnapITha ke kalAsaMgraha meM jo citra upalabdha the, mukhya rUpa se unheM hI mAdhyama banAyA hai / yadi ve utane pariSkRta nahIM lagate jitane naye citra, to hastagata sAmagrI kA upabhoga aura mUlyavRddhi ko bacAnA hI spaSTa uddezya hai| yojanAnusAra isa granthamAlA kA chaThA bhAga Ayojita hai jisakA sambandha tamilanADu, Andhra aura kerala ke tIrthasthAnoM se hai / prayatna hogA ki isa bhAga kI sAmagrI kA saMyojana jaldI pUrA ho jAya, tAki sampAdana aura mudraNa ke lie paryApta samaya mila ske| bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI kI adhyakSatA kA dAyitva samAja ne sAha azoka kumAra jaina ko sauMpA hai| yaha saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki una jaisA kuzala aura bar3I-sebar3I yojanAoM ko dUradarzitA tathA vyAvahArika buddhi se calAne vAlA, dhArmika niSThA se sampanna vyakti samAja ko milA hai| dAyitva hAtha meM lete hI zrI sAhU azokakumAra jI tIrthakSetra
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________________ kameTI ke nivartamAna adhyakSa apane pUjya tAU, padmabhUSaNa, jainaratna, zrAvakaziromaNi, zrI sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda jI ke mArgadarzana meM aneka bar3I aura mahattvapUrNa yojanAoM ko nizcita karake unheM svayaM agrasara karane meM vyasta ho gaye haiN| jina yojanAoM ko unhoMne sAhasa ke sAtha tatkAla hAtha meM liyA hai, unameM se mukhya haiM : (1) lagabhaga sabhI tIrthoM ke vikAsa kI yojanAoM kA sampUrNa paridRzya sAmane rahe aura agale pA~ca varSoM meM una para kramazaH kAryAnvaya ho, (2) madhyapradeza meM bar3avAnI yA bAbanagajA jI meM vizva kI sabase U~cI 84 phuTa kI bhagavAna AdinAtha kI pratimA ko kSaraNa aura dhvaMsa se bacAne kI bAraha lAkha rupaye kI yojanA para kArya kA zubhArambha / do sAla bAda antarrASTrIya stara para vizAla mahAmastakAbhiSeka kA Ayojana, (3) bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI vaizAlI (bihAra) meM lagabhaga pandraha lAkha kI lAgata se bhavya smAraka kA nirmANa, (4) jarA-jIrNa mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA prAthamikatA ke AdhAra para saMrakSaNa kaarykrm| (5) kSetroM para AvAsa, bijalI, pAnI, yAtAyAta, bhojanAlaya, Adi ke yojanA-baddha kAryakramoM kI sampUrti, (6) devagar3ha, gopAcala, zaurIpura-baTezvara tathA dakSiNa ke aneka jaina kSetroM ke jIrNoddhAra kA kArya, (7) sUcanA-saMgraha, sarve aura aitihAsika sAmagrI ke saMkalana kA dezavyApI kAryakrama, (8) samasta bhArata meM tIrthavandanA ratha ke pravartana dvArA jainadharma kI prabhAvanA, dhArmika zraddhA kA saMcAra aura tIrtharakSA ke lie eka rAzi-saMgraha kA upakrama aadi| abhI taka prakAzita ina pA~ca bhAgoM ke agale saMskaraNoM ke lie bhI kameTI prayatnazIla hai ki ye hara prakAra se prAmANika, nirdoSa aura starIya hoN| pAThakoM se anurodha hai ki jahA~ jo kamiyA~ najara AyeM yA jo sujhAva upayogI lageM unheM avazya preSita kreN| - bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI, bambaI, ke mahAmantrI zrI jayacanda lauhAr3e se aura jJAnapITha ke sahakarmiyoM se jo sahayoga prApta huA usake lie AbhAra vyakta karanA merA kartavya hai| -lakSmIcandra jaina akSaya tRtIyA 19 apraila 1988
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________________ anukrama sampAdakIya bhUmikA : karnATaka meM jaina dharma vandanoya evaM darzanIya sthala jilA-krama se : bIdara : bIdara / 1, kamaThAna / 4, humnAbAda / 5, kalyANI (Adhunika basavakalyANa ) /6 gulabargA : gulabargA / 8, malakheDa /9, jevargI / 13 bIjApura : bIjApura (darzanIya sthala) 13, bAgalakoTa / 42, aihola / 43, paTTadakala / 53, bAdAmI / 59 belagA~va : bhojagA~va / 19, zeDabAla / 20, kothalI / 20, zAntigiri / 21, stavanidhi / 25, belagA~va / 29, belagA~va jile ke anya jaina sthala / 37 paNajI : paNajI (govA pradeza ) / 38 rAyacUra : koppala / 66, rAyacUra jile meM jaina dharma / 68, tuMgabhadrA bA~dha ( darzanIya sthala) / 69 ballArI : hosapeTa / 70, hampI / 7, ballArI jile ke anya jaina sthala - cippagiri / 90, bAgalI / 90, harapanahallI / 91, kogali / 91, mandAraguTTi / 91, ujjainI ( ujjima ) / 91 dhAravAr3a : lakkuNDi / 59, lakSmezvara /98, baMkApura / 102, dhAravAr3a jile ke koTumacagI / 103, naregala / 103, navila gunda / 103, par3esura / 103, baTegerI / 103, gadaga / 104, kalasApura / 104, mAlasamudram / 104, mUlagunda / 104, adaraguMcI / 104, aNNagerI/104, budarasiMgI / 105, chabbi/ 105, bannikoppe / 105, Dambala / 105, guDigerI / 105, konnUra/106, kalakerI / 106, hanagala / 106, elAvatti / 106, AraTvAla / 106, guttala/107, haverI / 107, amminabAvi / 107, belavatti / 108, hUvina siggali / 108, kAginale / 108, karagudari / 108, mataMgi / 108, mugada / 108, bennUra / 109, saMgUrU / 109, talakoDa / 109 hubalI / 91, dhAravAr3a, 95, anya jaina sthala - rona / 102, kAravAr3a : svAdI maTha / 109, joga jharane ( darzanIya sthala) / 111, kAravAr3a jile ke anya jaina sthala - vanavAsi / 112, gerusoppA / 113, bhaTakala / 114, hADuvalli / 114, muraDezvara/115, bIlagi / 115, guNDabala / 116, manakI / 116, vaigalli / 117, kumuTa / 117,
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________________ zimogA : humacA/117, zimogA jile ke anya jaina sthala-bidinUru/131, bakor3a/131, kalar3I/132, AvalinADu/132, kuppaTUru/132, bandalike/133, balligAvi/ 133, cikka mAgaDi/133, uddhare (udri)/134, heggeri/134, kundanabeTTa/134, Anekala/134, cikamaMgalUra : narasiMharAjapura/134, cikamaMgalUra jile ke anya jaina sthala-melagI/137, jayapurA/137, megunda/138, hantUru/138, mattAvara/138, zRMgero/138, kundakundAdri (kundakundabeTTa)/140maMgalora : varaMga/142, kArakala/145, mUDabidrI/159, vennuur|173, maMgalora/179, baMjara maMjezvara (nikaTavartI, kerala prAnta)/181, dharmasthala/184, maMgalora jile ke anya jaina sthala-bappanADa 194, kArakura/194, guruvAyanakere/195, brkur|195, bomrbetttt|195, kella puTTige/195, nallUra/195, nellikaru/196, zravaNaguNDa/197 hAsana : belUra/199, halebiDa/202, zravaNabelagola/219, zravaNabelagola ke Asa-pAsa ke sthala-halebelagola/279, sANehallI/279, kambadahallI/279, hAsana jile ke anya jaina sthl-arsiikere|280, hAsana/280, heragu/281, hole narasIpura/281, honagerI/ 281, hosahollu (hosahallI)/281, __ markali/281, magaluru/282, zAntigrAma/282, aMgaDi/282 maNDya : abalavADi/284, belluuru|284, bhogAdi (bhogavadi)/284, daDaga/284 baMgalora : baMgalora/285, baMgalora jile ke anya jaina sthala-zAntigatte/290, maNNe/-290, nandi/290 maisUra : maisUra/291, zrIraMgapaTTana (darzanIya sthala)/294, gommaTagiri/295, maisUra jile ke anya jaina sthala-bastipura/299, bellUra/299, cAmarAjanagara/299, hoshollu|299, hanasoge/300, ecigana halli/300, maleyUra/300, melakoTe/301, sAligrAma/301, saragUru/301 tumakUra : gubbi/302, haTTaNa/302, kuccaMgi/302, madhugiri/302, mandaragiri/302, niTUru/303, heggere/303 kolAra : kolAra jilA/304 citradurga : bAlehallI/304, betUra/304, holla kere/304 maDikeri : koDagu (kurga)/305, markarA/305, mullUru/305 pariziSTa : citrasUcI/307
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma karnATaka tathA dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma ke prasAra aura prabhAva para purAtattvavidoM, itihAsajJoM aura jijJAsu manISiyoM ne bhI gambhIra adhyayana aura vicAra kiyA hai tathA usake prabhAva ko dharma, kalA aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se vyApaka evaM mahatvapUrNa mAnA hai| karnATaka meM jainadharma ke itihAsa para vicAra karane se pahale kucha mahattvapUrNa manISiyoM ke vicAroM kA jAna lenA hogA : zrI ema. esa. rAmAsvAmI ayyaMgAra ne likhA hai- "No topic of ancient South Indian History is more interesting than the origin and development of Jains, who in times past, profoundly influenced the political, religious and literary institutions of South India." arthAt "dakSiNa bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa kA koI bhI viSaya itanA adhika rucikara nahIM hai jitanA ki jainoM kI utpatti aura vikAsa se sambandhita viSaya / kyoMki prAcIna kAla meM jainoM ne dakSiNa bhArata kI rAjanItika, dhArmika aura sAhityika saMsthAoM ko bahuta adhika prabhAvita kiyA thaa|" isI prakAra suprasiddha purAtatvavid zrI sI. zivarAmamUrti ne likhA hai "South India has been a great seat of the Digambara Jain faith " arthAt dakSiNa bhArata digambara jainadharma kA eka bar3A kendra rahA hai| zrI zivarAmamUrti kI pustaka kI bhUmikA meM sva. pradhAnamantrI zrImatI indirA gAMdhI ne likhA thA"Jainism embodies deep investigations into the nature of reality. It has given us the massage of non-violence. It was born in the heart land of India but its influence pervaded all parts of the country. Some of the earliest literature of the Tamil region, is of Jain origin. The great Jain Temples and sculptured monuments of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan are world-renowned." "Some historians tend to classify the cultural and political development of India into water-tight religious groupings. But a little analysis will show that the evolution of Indian culture was by the union of many streams which make up the might river which it has become." arthAt "jainadharma meM sat kI prakRti kA gambhIra anveSaNa nihita hai| usane hameM ahiMsA kA sandeza diyA 1. M.S. Ramaswami Ayyangar: Studies in South Indian Jainism, Part I, .p. 3, Second Edition, 1982 (First Edition 1922, Delhi, Sri Satguru Publications). 2. C. Shivaramamurti-Panorama of Jain Art, p. 15, Times of India, New Delhi, 1983. 3. Ibid., foreword.
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________________ 12 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) hai| usakA udaya bhArata ke hRdaya-pradeza meM huA thA kintu usakA prabhAva deza ke samasta bhAgoM meM phaila gyaa| tamila pradeza ke bahuta prAcIna sAhitya ke bahuta kucha aMza kA mUla jaina hai| karnATaka, mahArASTra, gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke sundara jaina mandira aura mUrtiyoM sambandhI smAraka to vizvaprasiddha haiN|" / "kucha itihAsakAra bhArata ke sAMskRtika tathA rAjanItika vikAsa ko saMkIrNa dhArmika samUhoM meM vargIkRta karane kI pravRtti rakhate haiN| kintu yadi thor3A-sA bhI vizleSaNa kiyA jAe to yaha bAta sAmane AegI ki bhAratIya saMskRti kA uttarottara vikAsa aba aneka dhArAoM ke saMgama se huA hai jisane ki eka vizAla mahAnada kA rUpa le liyA hai|" ina uddhAraNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki karnATaka meM jainadharma kI sthiti para vicAra ke lie sabase pahalI AvazyakatA hai niSpakSa dRSTi aura gahare adhyayana-manana kii| dUsarI AvazyakatA isa bAta kI bhI hai ki karnATaka meM jainadharma ke astitva kA nirNaya kevala zilAlekhoM yA sAhityika sandarbho ke AdhAra para hI nahIM kiyA jAe aura na hI yaha dRSTi hI apanAI jAe ki zilAlekha Adi likhita pramANoM ke abhAva meM jainadharma kA astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vAstava meM hamAre deza meM maukhika paramparA bahuta prAcIna kAla se surakSita rahI AI hai| jo kucha prAcIna itihAsa hameM jJAta hotA vaha yA to maukhika paramparA se yA phira purANoM ke rUpa meM rahA hai| ye purANa jaina bhI haiM aura vaidikadhArA ke bhii| inameM kahIM to mahApuruSoM kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM ke vivaraNa haiM to kahIM saMketa mAtra / ye bhI sune jAkara hI likhe haiN| yadi inheM satya nahIM mAnA jAe to rAmAyaNa yA mahAbhArata athavA rAma yA kRSNa sabakA astitva asvIkAra karanA hogA aura taba to kisI tIrthaMkara kA astitva bhI siddha nahIM ho sakegA / ataH Aiye, hama bhI paramparAgata yA paurANika itihAsa para eka daSTi ddaale| paramparAgata itihAsa prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne karmayuga kI saSTi kI thI aura isa deza kI janatA ko kRSi karanA sikhAyA thaa| ve prathama samrATa bhI the| jaba unhoMne rAjya kI nIMva DAlI, taba unhoMne hI isa deza ko maNDaloM, puroM Adi meM vibhAjita kiyA thaa| isa deza-vibhAjana meM karNATa deza bhI thaa| RSabhadeva ne apanI putrI brAhmI ko lipi (brAhmI) kA jJAna diyA thA / usI lipi se kannar3a lipi ke kucha akSara nikale haiN| jaba ve muni ho gae to unhoMne sAre deza meM vihAra kiyA aura logoM ko dharma kI zikSA dii| bhAgavatapurANa bhI isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki unake dharma kA pracAra karNATa deza meM adhika huA thA (dekhie 'zravaNabelagola' prakaraNa meM 'Rssbhdev')| cakravartI bharata-RSabhadeva ke putra ke nAma para yaha deza bhArata kahalAtA hai| jaina purANoM ke atirikta vaidikadhArA ke caudaha purANa isa tathya kA samarthana karate haiN| vaidika-jana Aja bhI 'jambUdvIpe bharatakhaNDe.."kA nitya pATha karate haiM / bharata ne chaha khaNDoM kI digvijaya kI thii| unake samaya meM bhI karnATa deza meM jainadharma kA pracAra thaa| gyAraha aura cakravartI-jaina paramparA ke anusAra bharata ke bAda gyAraha cakravartI aura hue haiN| ye jaina dharmAvalambI the aura unakA samasta bhArata para zAsana thaa| kiSkindhA ke jaina dharmAnuyAyI vidyAdhara-bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata ke tIrthakAla meM rAmAyaNa kI
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma | 13 ghaTanAe~ ghaTI haiN| rAma-carita se sambandhita jaina purANoM meM ullekha hai ki hanumAn vidyAdhara jAti ke vAnaravaMzI the| ve vAnara nahIM the, unake vaMza kA nAma vAnara thA aura unake dhvaja para vAnara kA cihna hotA thaa| hanumAna kiSkindhA ke the / yaha kSetra Ajakala ke karnATaka meM hampI (vijayanagara) kahalAtA hai / jaina sAhitya meM hanumAna ke caritra para AdhArita aMjanA-pavanaMjaya nATaka bahuta lokapriya hai| neminAtha kA dakSiNa kSetra para vizeSa prabhAva-bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA janma zauripura meM haA thA kintu apane pitA samudravijaya ke sAtha ve bhI dvArakA cale gae the| zrIkRSNa ke pitA vasudeva samudra vijaya ke choTe bhAI the / zrIkRSNa ne pravRttimArga kA upadeza diyA aura neminAtha ne nivRttimArga kaa| neminAtha ne giranAra (saurASTra) para tapasyA kI thI aura, DaoN. jyotiprasAda ke jaina anusAra, "tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA prabhAva vizeSakara pazcimI evaM dakSiNI bhArata para huaa| dakSiNa bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM se prApta jaina tIrthaMkara matiyoM meM neminAtha kI pratimAoM kA bAhalya hai jo akAraNa nahIM hai| isake atirikta karnATaka pradeza meM neminAtha kI yakSI kRSmANDinI devI kI Aja bhI vyApaka mAnyatA isa tathya kI puSTi karatI hai| zravaNabelagola meM gomaTezvara mati kI pratiSThA ke samaya isa devI ke camatkAra kI kathA bahata prasiddha hai| aitihAsika yuga pArzvanAtha aura nAga-pUjA teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha the| unakI aitihAsikatA to siddha hI hai| unhoMne apane jIvana meM 70 varSoM taka vihAra kara dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| una para kamaTha nAmaka bairI ne ghora upasarga kiyA thaa| sambhavataH yaha Azcaryajanaka hI hai ki karnATaka meM kamaThAna (kamaTha sthAna ?) kamaTagI jaise sthAna haiM aura kamatha yA kAmaTha upanAma Aja bhI pracalita haiN| vaise ye upasarga uttara bhArata meM hue batAe jAte haiM kintu sthAna-bhrama kI sambhAvanA se bhI inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha nAgajAti kI eka zAkhA uragavaMza ke the (uraga-sarpa) / unakI mUrti para sarpaphaNoM kI chAyA hotI hai / kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM nAga-jAti ke rAjatantroM yA gaNatantroM kA udaya dakSiNa meM bhI ho cukA thA aura unake iSTadevatA pArzvanAtha the| karnATaka meM yadi jaina basadiyoM (mandiroM) kA vargIkaraNa kiyA jAe to pArzvanAtha mandiroM kI hI saMkhyA sabase adhika aaegii| isI prakAra pArzva-pratimA sthApita kie jAne ke zilAlekha adhika saMkhyA meM haiN| eka tathya yaha bhI hai ki karnATaka meM pArzvanAtha ke yakSa dharaNendra aura yakSI padmAvatI kI mAnyatA bahuta hI adhika hai / kucha kSetroM meM padmAvatI kI camatkAra pUrNa pratimAe~ haiN| karnATaka ke samAna hI kerala meM nAma-pUjA sabase adhika hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki kerala meM yaha pUjA bauddhoM ke kAraNa pracalita huii| anya vidvAn isakA khaNDana kara kathana karate haiM ki yaha tulu pradeza (mUDabidrI ke Asa-pAsa ke kSetra) se kerala meM AI aura vahA~ to jainadharma aura pArzvanAtha kI hI mAnyatA adhika thI / karnATaka ke dakSiNI bhAga meM nAga-pUjA bhI pArzvanAtha ke prabhAva ko pramANita karatI hai| mahAvIra aura hemAMgada zAsaka jIvaMdhara caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra, jinakA nirvANa Aja (1988 I.) se 2515 varSa pUrva huA
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________________ 14 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (kanATaka) thA, ke dharma kA pracAra azmaka deza (godAvarI ke taTa kA pradeza), suzmaka deza (Andhra-podanapura) tathA hemAMgada deza (karnATaka) meM bhI thaa| hemAMgada deza kI sthiti karnATaka meM batAyI jAtI hai| yahA~ ke rAjA jIvaMdhara ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM pahu~ca kara dIkSA le lI thii| saMkSepa meM, jIvaMdhara kI kathA isa prakAra hai-jIvaMdhara ke pitA satyaMdhara apanI rAnI meM bahuta adhika Asakta ho ge| isalie mantrI kASThAMgAra ne unake rAjya para adhikAra kara liyaa| satyaMdhara yuddha meM mAre gae kintu unhoMne apanI garbhavatI rAnI ko kekiyantra meM bAhara bheja diyA thaa| zizu ne bar3A hone para AcArya Aryanandi se zikSA lI aura apane rAjya ko punaH prApta kiyaa| kAphI varSa rAjya karane ke bAda unheM vairAgya haA aura ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM jAkara dIkSita ho ge| san 1982 I. meM prakAzita 'Karnataka State Gazeteer' Vol-I meM likhA hai "Jainism in Karnataka is believed to go back to the days of Bhagawan Mahavir. Jivandhara, a prince from Karnataka is described as having been initiated by Mahavir himself." arthAt vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki karnATaka meM jainadharma kA itihAsa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga taka jAtA hai| karnATaka ke eka rAjA jIvaMdhara ko svayaM mahAvIra ne dIkSA dI thI aisA varNana AtA hai| saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza meM to lagabhaga eka hajAra varSoM taka jIvaMdharacarita para AdhArita racanAe~ likhI jAtI rhiiN| tamila aura kannar3a meM bhI unake jIvana se sambandhita racanAe~ haiM / jIvakacintAmaNi (tamila), kannar3a meM-jIvaMdharacarite (bhAskara, 1424 I.), jIvaMdhara-sAMgatya (bommarasa, 1485 I.) jIvaMdharaSaTpadI (koTIzvara, 1500 I.) tathA jIvaMdharacarite (bommrs)| uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa suvicArita evaM suparIkSita nahIM lagatA ki karnATaka meM jainadharma kA pracAra hI usa samaya prArambha huA jaba candragupta maurya aura zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu zravaNabelagola aae| kama-se-kama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI jainadharma karnATaka meM vidyamAna thA yaha tathya hemAMgadanareza jIvaMdhara ke caritra se svata: siddha hai| bauddhagrantha 'mahAvaMza' kA sAkSya zrIlaMkA ke rAjA pANDukAbhaya (IsApUrva 377 se 307) aura usakI rAjadhAnI anurAdhApura ke sambandha meM cauthI zatAbdI ke bauddha grantha 'mahAvaMza' meM kahA gayA hai ki zrIlaMkA ke isa rAjA ne nigaMtha jotiya (nigaMtha =nirgrantha-jainoM ke lie prayukta nAma jo ki digambara kA sUcaka hai) ke nivAsa ke lie eka bhavana banavAyA thaa| vahA~ aura bhI nirgrantha sAdhu nivAsa karate the| pANDukAbhaya ne eka nirgrantha kuMbhaNDa ke lie eka mandira bhI banavA diyA thaa| isa ullekha se yaha siddha hotA hai ki IsA se lagabhaga cAra sau varSa pUrva zrIlaMkA meM jainadharma kA pracAra ho cakA thA aura vahA~ digambara jaina sAdha vidyamAna the| isase yaha bhI niSkarSa ni hai ki vahA~ jainadharma dakSiNa meM paryApta pracAra ke bAda hI yA to karnATaka-tamilanADu hote hue yA karnATaka-kerala hote hue eka pramukha dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haA hogaa| mahAvaMza meM ullikhita jainadharma sambandhI tathya ko prasiddha itihAsakAra zrI nIlakaNTha zAstrI ne bhI svIkAra karate hae 'dI eja oNpha nandAz2a eNDa mauryAz2a' meM likhA hai ki rAjA pANDakAbhaya ne nirgranthoM ko bhI dAna diyA thaa|
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma / 15 nanda-vaMza mahAvIra svAmI ke bAda pATaliputra meM nandavaMza pratiSThita huaa| yaha vaMza jaina dharmAnuyAyI thaa| yaha tathya samrAT khAravela ke lagabhaga 2200 varSa purAne usa zilAlekha se spaSTa hai jisameM usane kahA hai ki kaliMgajina kI jo mUrti nanda rAjA uThA le gayA thA, use vaha vApasa lAyA hai| isa vaMza kA rAjya pUre bhArata para thaa| karnATaka ke bIdara ko mahArASTra se jor3ane vAlI sar3aka nAMdeDa jAtI hai| vidvAnoM ke anusAra 'nava (nau) nanda deharA' usa sthAna kA prAcIna nAma hai jo ghisakara nAndeDa ho gayA hai| 'deharA' jaina mandira ke lie Aja bhI rAjasthAna-gujarAta meM prayukta hotA hai| nAMdeDa vaha sthAna thA jahA~ nandoM ne jaina mandira banavAyA thA aura (zAyada) nagara basAyA thaa| isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki kuMtala deza nanda rAjAoM kI sImA meM thaa| zrI ema. esa. rAmAsvAmI ayyaMgAra 'kuMtala' deza ko roughly Karnataka (moTe taura para karnATaka) mAnate haiM / isake atirikta kucha tamila granthoM meM antima nanda rAjA dhanananda ke apAra khajAne, usake gaMgA meM gar3e hone yA baha jAne kA, usake lAlaca kA ullekha karate haiN| Azaya yaha ki tatkAlIna tamila deza bhI nandoM ke adhIna thA aura ina zAsakoM ke sambandha meM carcA yahA~ ke logoM-lekhakoM meM bhI aksara hotI rahatI thii| prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa ke vizeSajJa zrI hemacandrarAya caudharI ne 'iNDiyA ina da eja oNpha nandAz2a' nAmaka adhyAya meM likhA hai "Jain writers refer to the subjugation by Nanda's minister of the whole country down to the seas." arthAt "jaina lekhaka isa bAta kA ullekha karate haiM ki nanda ke mantrI ne samudra paryanta sAre deza ko adhIna kara liyA thaa|" yadi ina jaina lekhakoM ke kathana meM kucha bhI saccAI nahIM hotI, to zrI rAya caudharI usakA ullekha nahIM krte| maurya-vaMza Upara jo tathya diye gaye haiM unase yaha siddha hotA hai ki karnATaka meM jaina dharma kA prasAra candragupta maurya aura AcArya bhadrabAhu ke zravaNabelagola Ane se pUrva hI ho cukA thaa| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to candragupta maurya bAraha hajAra muniyoM (unake sAtha eka lAkha jaina zrAvaka bhI rahe hoMge) ko apane sAtha lekara karnATaka nahIM Ate / yaha tathya isa bAta kA bhI khaNDana karatA hai ki candragupta maurya ne dakSiNa para bhI vijaya kI thii| candragupta maurya ke putra bindusAra aura pote samrATa azoka ne bhI zravaNabelagola kI yAtrA kI thii| karnATaka meM kucha sthAnoM (rAyacUra z2ilA) para azoka ke lekha bhI pAye gaye haiN| azoka ko bauddha batAyA jAtA hai kintu yaha pUrI taraha satya nahIM hai| isa tathya ke samarthana meM zrI ema. esa. rAmAsvAmI ayyaMgAra ne likhA hai "Prof. Kern, the great authority on Buddhist scriptures, has to admit that nothing of a Buddhist can be discovered in the state policy of Ashoka. His ordinances concerning the sparing of life agree much more closely with the ideas of the heretical Jains than those of the Buddhist." arthAt bauddha dharmagranthoM ke mahAn adhikArI vidvAn pro. karna ko yaha svIkAra karanA par3A hai ki azoka kI rAjya-nIti meM bauddha jaisI koI bAta nahIM pAI jaatii| jIvoM kI rakSA sambandhI usake Adeza bauddhoM kI apekSA vidharmI jainoM se bahuta adhika mela khAte haiM /
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________________ 16 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) azoka ke uttarAdhikArI sabhI maurya rAjA jaina the| ataH maurya rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla meM karnATaka meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra candra gupta-bhadrabAhu paramparA ke kAraNa bhI kAphI rahA / sAtavAhana-vaMza maurya vaMza kA zAsana samApta hone ke bAda, karnATaka meM paiThana (prAcIna nAma pratiSThAnapura, mahArASTra) ke sAtavAhana rAjAoM kA zAsana rahA / isa vaMza ne IsA pUrva tIsarI sadI se IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI arthAt lagabhaga 600 varSoM taka rAjya kiyaa| the to ye brAhmaNa kintu isa vaMza ke bhI kucha rAjA jaina hue haiM / una sabameM zAlivAhana yA 'hAla' kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / isa rAjA dvArA racita prAkRta grantha 'gAthA saptazatI' para jaina vicAroM kA prabhAva hai| isa vaMza se sambandhita kucha sthAnoM kA patA gulabargA jile meM calA hai| svayaM hAla kA dAvA thA ki vaha 'kuntalajanapadezvara' hai| isake samaya meM prAkRta bhASA kI bhI unnati huii| karnATaka meM prAkRta ke prasAra kA zreya maurya aura sAtavAhana vaMza ko hai / kadamba-vaMza sAtavAhana vaMza ke bAda karnATaka meM do naye rAjavaMzoM kA udaya huaa| eka to thA kadamba vaMza 300 I. se 500 I.) jisakI rAjadhAnI kramazaHkarahada (karahATaka), vaijayantI (vanavAsI) rahIM / itihAsa meM ye vaijayantI ke kadamba nAma se prasiddha haiN| yaha vaMza bhI brAhmaNa dharmAnuyAyI thA tathApi kucha rAjA jaina dharma ke prati atyanta udAra yA jaina dharmAvalambI the / isa vaMza kA dUsarA rAjA zivakoTi prasiddha jainAcArya samantabhadra svAmI se jaina dharma meM dIkSita ho gayA thaa| kadambavaMzI rAjA kAkutsthavarman kA lagabhaga 400 I. kA eka tAmralekha halasI (karnATaka) se prApta huA hai, jisake anusAra usane apanI rAjadhAnI palAsikA (karnATaka) ke jinAlaya ko eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| lekha meM usane jinendra kI jaya' kI hai aura RSabhadeva ko namaskAra kiyA hai| kAkutsthavarman ke putra zAntivarmA ne bhI arhantadeva ke abhiSeka Adi ke lie dAna diyA thA aura eka jinAlaya bhI palAsikA meM banavAkara zrutakIti ko dAna kara diyA thA / usake putra mRgezavarman (450-478 I.) ne bhI kAlabaMga nAmaka eka gA~va ke tIna bhAga kara eka bhAga arhanmahAjinendra ke lie, dUsarA zvetAmbara saMgha ke lie aura tIsara! bhAga digambara zramaNa (nirgrantha) ke upayoga ke lie dAna meM diyA thaa| usane arhantadeva ke abhiSeka Adi ke lie bhUmi Adi dAna kI thii| magezavarmana ke bAda ravivarmana (478-520 I.) ne jainadharma ke lie bahuta kucha kiyA / apane pUrvajoM ke dAna kI usane puSTi kI, aSTAhnikA meM prati varSa pUjana ke lie purakheTaka gA~va dAna kiyA, rAjadhAnI meM nitya pUjA kI vyavasthA kI tathA jaina guruoM kA sammAna kiyaa| usane aisI bhI vyavasthA kI ki cAturmAsa meM muniyoM ke AhAra meM bAdhA na Aye tathA kAtikI meM nandIzvara vidhAna ho / harivarman kadamba (520-540 I0) ne bhI aSTAhnikA tathA saMgha ko bhojana Adi ke lie karcaka saMgha ke vAriSeNAcArya ko eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| usane ahiriSTi nAmaka zramaNa-saMgha ko marade nAmaka gA~va kA dAna bhI kiyA thaa| kadamboM ke dAna Adi para vicAra kara purAtattvavid zrI TI. ena. rAmacandrana ne likhA hai, "karnATaka meM banavAsi ke kadamba zAsaka yadyapi hindU the tathApi unakI bahuta-sI prajA ke jaina hone ke kAraNa ve bhI yathAkrama jainadharma ke anukUla the|" (anekAnta se)
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma | 17 gaMga-vaMza karnATaka meM jainadharma ke itihAsa meM isa vaMza kA sthAna sabase U~cA hai| isa vaMza kI sthApanA hI jainAcArya sahanandI ne kI thii| eka zilAlekha meM ina AcArya ko 'gaMgarAjya-samuddharaNa' kahA gayA hai| zilAlekhAnusAra ujjayinI ke rAjA ne jaba ahicchatra ke rAjA padmanAbha para AkramaNa kiyA to rAjA ne apane do putroM daDiga aura mAdhava ko dakSiNa kI ora bheja diyaa| ve karnATaka ke perUra nAmaka sthAna meM pahu~ce / usa samaya vahA~ vidyamAna siMhanandI ne unameM rAjapuruSocita guNa dekhe / bala-parIkSA ke samaya mAdhava ne talavAra se eka pASANastambha ke Tukar3e kara die / AcArya ne unheM zikSA dI, mukuTa pahanAyA aura apanI picchI kA cihna unheM diyaa| unheM 'jinadharma se vimukha nahIM hone tathA kucha durguNoM se bacane para hI kula calegA' yaha cetAvanI bhI dii| batAyA jAtA hai ki yaha ghaTanA 188 I. athavA tIsarI sadI kI hai| isa vaMza ne karnATaka meM lagabhaga eka hajAra varSoM taka zAsana kiyaa| usakI pahalI rAjadhAnI kuvalAla (Adhunika kolAra), talakADa (kAverI nadI ke kinAre) tathA ra (maNNe) rahI / itihAsa meM yaha talakADa (tAlavanapura) kA gaMgavaMza nAma se hI adhika prasiddha hai| inake dvArA zAsita pradeza 'gaMgavADI' kahalAtA thA aura usameM maisUra ke AsapAsa kA bahuta baDA bhAga zAmila thaa| karnATaka kA yahI rAjavaMza aisA hai jisane karnATaka meM sabase lambI avadhi-IsA kI cauthI sadI se gyArahavIM sadI taka-rAjya kiyA hai| gaMgavaMza ke samaya meM jaina dharma kI sthiti kA Akalana karate hue zrI TI. ena. rAmacandrana ne likhA hai, jaina dharma kA svarNayuga sAdhAraNatayA "dakSiNa bhArata meM aura vizeSakara karnATaka meM gaMgavaMza ke zAsakoM ke samaya meM thA, jinhoMne jaina dharma ko rASTradharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA thaa|" unake isa kathana meM atizayokti nahIM jAna paDatI / kintu yaha ukti isa vaMza ke jaina dharma ke pracAra sambandhI prayatnoM kA sArAMza hI hai| kucha pramukha gaMgavaMzI rAjAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ jaina dharma ke prasaMga meM diyA jA rahA hai| gaMgavaMza kA prathama nareza mAdhava thA jo ki koMguNivarma prathama ke nAma se prasiddha hai / usane maNDali nAmaka sthAna para kASTha kA eka jaina mandira banavAyA thA aura eka jainapITha kI bhI sthApanA kI thii| isI vaMza ke avinIta gaMga ke viSaya meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkara pratimA sira para rakhakara usane bAr3ha se uphanatI haI kAverI nadI ko pAra kiyA thaa| usane apane putra duvinIta gaMga kI zikSA AcArya devanandi pUjyapAda ke sAnnidhya meM dilAI thI tathA lAlavana nagara kI jaina basadi ke lie tathA anya basadiyoM Adi ke lie vividha dAna die the| vinIta kA kAla 481 I. se 522 I. ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai| yaha parAkramI hone ke sAtha-hIsAtha parama jinabhakta aura vidyArasika bhI thaa| usane kogali (karnATaka) meM cenna pArzvanAtha nAmaka basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thA / devanandi pUjyapAda usake guru the / prasiddha saMskRta kavi bhAravi bhI usake darabAra meM rhe| usane pUjyapAda dvArA racita pANinivyAkaraNa kI TIkA kA kannar3a meM anuvAda bhI kiyA thA / usake samaya meM talakADa eka pramukha jaina-vidyA kendra thaa| zrI rAmAsvAmI AyaMgAra kA mata hai ki duvinIta ke uttarAdhikArI muSkara ke samaya meM "jainadharma gaMgavAMDI kA rASTradharma thaa|" usane ballArI ke samIpa eka jinAlaya kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thaa| isa vaMza kI agalI kar3I meM zivamAra prathama nAmaka rAjA (550 I. meM) huA hai jo jinendra bhagavAna kA parama bhakta thaa| usake guru candrasenAcArya the aura usane aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA dAna diyA thaa| zrIpuruSa muttarasa (726-776 I.) nAmaka gaMganareza ne aneka jaina mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA
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________________ 18 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) thaa| usane tolla viSaya (z2ilA) ke jinAlaya, zrIpura ke pArzva jinAlaya aura usake pAsa ke lokatilaka jinamandira ko dAna diyA thaa| AcArya vidyAnanda ne 'zrIpura-pArzvanAtha-stotra' kI racanA bhI zrIpura meM isI nareza ke sAmane kI thI aisI anuzruti hai / zivakumAra dvitIya saMgota (776-815 I ) ko apane jIvana meM yuddha aura bandIgRha kA duHkha bhoganA par3A phira bhI usane jainadharma kI unnati ke lie kArya kiyaa| usane zravaNabelagola kI candragiri pahAr3I para 'zivamArana basadi' kA nirmANa karAyA thA, aisA vahA~ se prApta eka lekha se jJAta hotA hai| AcArya vidyAnanda usake bhI guru the| rAcamalla satyavAkya prathama (815-853 I.) ne apanI rAjanItika sthiti ThIka kii| kintu usane dharma ke lie bhI kArya kiyA thaa| usane cittara tAluka meM vallamalai parvata para eka guhA-mandira bhI banavAyA thaa| sambhavata: usI ke AcArya guru Aryanandi ne prasiddha 'jvAlAmAlinI kalpa' kI racanA kI thii| satyavAkya ke uttarAdhikArI ereyagaMga nItimArga (853-870 I.) ko kuDalUra ke dAnapatra meM 'paramapUjya arhadbhaTTAraka ke caraNa-kamaloM kA bhramara ke kahA gayA hai / isa rAjA ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| rAcamalla satyavAkya dvitIya (870-907 I.) ne penne kaDaMga nAmaka sthAna para satyavAkya jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura biliyUra (belUra) kSetra ke bAraha gA~va dAna meM die the| nItimArga dvitIya (907-917 I.) ne muDahalli aura toramabu ke jainamandiroM ko dAna diyA thaa| vimalacandrAcArya usake guru the| gaMganareza nItimArga ke bAda, butuga dvitIya tathA maruladeva nAmaka do rAjA hue| ye donoM bhI parama jinabhakta the| zilAlekhoM meM unake dAna Adi kA ullekha hai| mArasiMha (961-974 I.) nAmaka gaMgareza jainadharma kA mahAn anuyAyI thaa| isa nareza kI smRti eka smAraka-stambha ke rUpa meM zravaNabelagola kI candragiri para ke mandira-samUha ke parakoTe meM praveza karate hI usa stambha para Alekha ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| mArasiMha ne apanA antima samaya jAnakara apane guru ajitasena bhaTTAraka ke samIpa tIna dina kA sallekhanA vrata dhAraNa kara baMkApura meM apanA zarIra tyAgA thA / usane aneka jainamandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| vaha jitanA dhArmika thA utanA hI zUra-vIra bhI thaa| usane gurjara deza, mAlavA, vindhyapradeza, banavAsi Adi pradezoM ko jItA thA tathA 'gaMgasiMha', 'gaMgavajra' jaisI upadhiyoM ke sAthahI-sAtha 'dharma-mahArAjAdhirAja' kI upAdhi grahaNa kI thii| vaha svayaM vidvAna thA aura vidvAnoM evaM AcAryoM kA Adara karatA thaa| _ rAcamalla satyavAkya caturtha (974 I. se 984 I.)-isa zAsaka ne apane rAjya ke prathama varSa meM hI peggUra grAma kI basadi ke lie isI nAma kA gA~va dAna meM diyA aura pahale ke dAnoM kI puSTi kI thii| rAcamalla kA nAma zravaNabelagola kI gommaTezvara mahAmUrti ke kAraNa bhI itihAsa prasiddha ho gayA hai| isI rAjA ke mantrI evaM senApati cAmuNDarAya ne gommaTezvara kI mUrti kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| rAjA ne unake parAkrama aura dhArmika vRtti Adi guNoM se prasanna hokara unheM 'rAya' (rAjA) kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA thaa| uparyukta nareza ke bAda, yaha gaMga sAmrAjya chinna-bhinna hone lgaa| kintu jo bhI uttarAdhikArI hue ve jainadharma ke anuyAyI bane rhe| rakkasagaMga ne apanI rAjadhAnI talakAr3a meM eka jaina mandira banavAyA thA aura vividha dAna die the|
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma / 19 san 1004 I. meM coloM ne gaMga-rAjadhAnI talakADa para AkramaNa kiyA aura usa para tathA gaMgavAr3I ke bahuta se bhAga para adhikAra kara liyaa| paravartI kAla meM bhI, kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, gaMgavaMza 16vIM zatI taka calatA rahA kintu hoysala, cAlukya, cola, vijayanagara Adi rAjyoM ke sAmantoM ke rUpa meN| jainadharma-pratipAlaka gaMgavaMza karnATaka ke itihAsa meM sabase dIrghajIvI rAjavaMza thaa| usakI kIrti usa samaya aura bhI amara ho gaI jaba gommaTezvara mahAmUrti kI pratiSThApanA huii| cAlukya rAjavaMza karnATaka meM isa vaMza kA rAjya do vibhinna avadhiyoM meM rhaa| lagabhaga chaThI sadI se AThavIM sadI taka isa vaMza ne aihola aura bAdAmI (vAtApi ) nAmaka do sthAnoM ko kramazaH rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| dUsarI avadhi 10vIM se 12vIM sadI kI hai jabaki cAlukyavaMza kI rAjadhAnI kalyANI (Adhunika basava kalyANa) thii| jo bhI ho, itihAsa meM yaha vaMza pazcimI cAlukya kahalAtA hai / pahalI avadhi arthAt chaThI se AThavIM sadI ke bIca cAlukya rAjAoM kA paricaya aihola aura bAdAmI ke prasaMga meM isI pustaka meM diyA gayA hai| phira bhI yaha bAta punaH ullekhanIya hai ki cAlukyanareza pulakezI dvitIya ke samaya usake Azrita jaina kavi ravikIrti dvArA 634 I. meM aihola meM banavAyA gayA jaina mandira (jo ki aba meguTI mandira kahalAtA hai) cAlyukya nareza kI smRti apane prasiddha zilAlekha meM surakSita rakhe hue hai| yaha zilAlekha purAtattvavidoM aura saMskRta sAhitya ke marmajJoM ke bIca carcita hai| isI lekha se jJAta hotA hai| ki pulakezI dvitIya ne kannauja ke samrATa harSavardhana ko prayatna karane para bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM ghusane nahIM diyA thA / usake uttarAdhikArI maMgeza ne vAtApi meM rAjadhAnI sthAnAntarita kara lI thii| usa sthAna para pahAr3I ke UparI bhAga meM banA jaina guphA mandira aura usameM pratiSThita bAhubalI kI sundara mUrti kalA kA eka uttama udAraNa hai / Azcarya hotA hai ki caTTAnoM ko kATakara saikar3oM choTI-bar3I mUrtiyA~ isa guphA mandira meM banAne meM kitanA kauzala apekSita rahA hogA aura kitanI rAzi vyaya huI hogI ! 1 aneka zilAlekha isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki cAlukyanareza prArambha se hI jainadharma ko jaina mandiroM ko saMrakSaNa dete rahe haiM / antima nareza vikramAditya dvitIya ne puligere ( lakSmezvara ) ke 'dhavala jinAlaya' kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA / kalyANI ko jaina rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai (dekhie 'kalyANI' prasaMga ) / tailapa dvitIya kA nAma itihAsa meM hI nahIM, sAhitya meM bhI prasiddha hai / tailapa dvArA bandI banAye gaye dhArAnagarI ke rAjA muMja aura tailapa kI bahina mRNAlavatI kI kathA aba lokakathA-sI bana gaI hai| tailapa prasiddha kannar3a jaina kavi ranna kA bhI AzrayadAtA thaa| isa nareza ne 972 I. meM rASTrakUTa zAsakoM kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa para bhISaNa AkramaNa, lUTapATa karake use adhIna kara liyA thaa| koguli zilAlekha (992 I.) se pratIta hotA hai ki vaha jainadharma kA pratipAlaka thaa| eka anya zilAlekha meM, usane rAjAjJA kA ullaMghana karane vAle ko basadi kAzI evaM anya devAlayoM ko kSati pahuMcAne vAlA ghAtakI ghoSita kiyA hai| basadi yA jaina mandira kA ullekha bhI use jaina siddha karane meM sahAyaka hai | tailapa ke putra satyAzraya irivaveDeMga ( 997-1009) ke guru draviDa saMgha kunkundAnvaya ke vimalacandra paNDitadeva the / isa rAjA ke bAda jayasiMha dvitIya jagadekamalla ( 1014-1042 I.) isa vaMza kA rAjA huA / vaha jaina guruoM kA Adara karatA thA usake samaya meM AcArya vAdirAja sUri ne zAstrArtha meM vijaya prApta kI thI
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________________ 20 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) aura isa nareza ne unheM jayapatra pradAna kara 'jagadekamallavAdI' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA thaa| inhIM sUri ne 'pArzvacarita' aura 'yazodharacarita' kI racanA kI thI / jayasiMha ke bAda somezvara prathama (1042-68 I.) ne zAsana kiyaa| kogali se prApta eka zilAlekha meM use svAdvAda mata kA anuyAyI batAyA gayA hai| usane isa sthAna ke jinAlaya ke lie bhUmi kA dAna bhI kiyA thaa| usakI mahArAnI ketaladevI ne bhI ponnavADha ke tribhuvanatilaka jinAlaya ke lie mahAsena muni ko paryApta dAna diyA thaa| eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki somezvara ne tuMgabhadrA nadI meM jalasamAdhi le lI thii| somezvara dvitIya (1068-1076 I.) bhI jinabhakta thA jaba vaha baMkApura meM thA taba usane apane pAdapadmavopajIvI cAlukya udayAditya kI preraNA se bandalike kI zAntinAtha basadi kA jIrNoddhAra karAke eka nayI pratimA sthApita kI thii| apane antima varSa meM usane guDigere ke zrImad bhuvanaikamalla zAntinAtha deva nAmaka jaina mandira ko 'sarvanamasya' dAna ke rUpa meM bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| vikramAditya paSTha tribhuvanamalla sAhasatuMga (1076-1128 I.) isa vaMza kA antima nareza thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, . usane jainAcArya vAsavacandra ko 'bAlasarasvatI' kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA thA / gaddI para baiThane se pahale hI usane balliyagAMva meM 'cAlukyagaMgapemrmmAnaDi jinAlaya, nAmaka eka mandira banavAyA thA aura deva pUjA, muniyoM ke AhAra Adi ke lie eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usane hunasi hadalage meM padmAvatI pArzvanAtha basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isake atirikta aneka sthAnoM para mandira banavAe tathA coloM dvArA naSTa kie gae mandiroM kA jIrNodvAra bhI karAyA thaa| usake guru AcArya arhanandi the| usakI rAnI jakkaladevI bhI parama jinabhaktA thI / uparyukta cAlukyanareza ke uttarAdhikArI kamajora siddha hue| antima nareza saMbhavataH nammaMDitailapa (1151-56 I.) thA jise parAsta kara kalyANI para kalacuri vaMza kA zAsana sthApita ho gayA / isa vaMza kA paricaya Age diyA jAegA / rASTrakUTa vaMza isa vaMza kA prArambhika zAsana kSetra mukhyataH mahArASTra pradeza thA kintu usake eka rAjA yantivarman ne cAlukyoM ko kamajora jAna AThavIM zatI ke madhya meM ( 752 I. meM) karnATaka pradeza para bhI adhikAra kara liyA thA / kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki usane prasiddha jainAcArya akalaMka kA apane darabAra meM sammAna kiyA thA / isakA AdhAra zravaNabelagola kA eka zilAlekha hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki akalaMka ne sAhasatuMga ko apanI vidvattA se prabhAvita kiyA thA / sAhasatuMga dantivarman kI hI eka upAdhi thI / dantivarman ke bAda kRSNa prathama akAlavarSa zubhatuMga (757-773 I.) rAjA huaa| usI ke samaya meM elorA ke suprasiddha mandiroM kA nirmANa huA jinameM yahA~ ke prasiddha jaina guhA-mandira bhI haiN| usane cAlukyoM ke sAre pradezoM ko apane adhIna kara liyaa| usane AcArya paravAdimalla ko bhI sammAnita kiyA thaa| isa nareza kI paramparA meM dhruva-dhArAvarSa nirupama nAmaka zAsaka huA jisane 779 se 793 I. taka rAjya kiyA / usakI paTTarAnI begi ke cAlukyanareza kI putrI thI aura jinabhavatA thii| DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina ke anusAra, apabhraMza bhASA ke jaina mahAkavi svayambhU ne apane rAmAyaNa, harivaMza, nAgakumAracarita, svayambhUchanda Adi mahAna granthoM kI racanA, isI nareza ke Azraya meM, usI kI rAjadhAnI meM rahakara kI thii| kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM dhruvarAya dharalakSya nAma se isa AzrayadAtA kA ullekha kiyA hai| punnATasaMghI AcArya jinasena ne 783 I.
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma | 21 meM samApta apane 'harivaMzapurANa' ke anta meM isa nareza kA ullekha "kRSNanRpa kA putra zrIvallabha jo dakSiNApatha kA svAmI thA" isa rUpa meM kiyA hai| rAjA dhruva ke bAda govinda tRtIya (793-814 I.) rAjA huA thaa| usake samaya meM rAjya kA khUba vistAra bhI haA aura usakI gaNanA sAmrAjya ke rUpa meM hone lagI thii| usane karnATaka meM mAnyakheTa (Adhunika malakheDa) meM naI rAjadhAnI aura prAcIra kA nirmANa prArambha karAyA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, vaha jainadharma kA anuyAyI to nahIM thA kintu vaha usake prati udAra thaa| usane mAnyakheTa ke jaina mandira ke lie 802 I. meM dAna diyA thaa| 812 I. usane meM punaH zilAgrAma ke jainamandira ke lie arkakIrti nAmaka muni ko jAlamaMgala nAmaka grAma bheMTa meM diyA thaa| isake samaya meM mahAkavi svayambha ne bhI sambhavataH mUni -dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI thI jo bAda meM zrIpAla muni ke nAma se prasiddha hue the| samrATa amoghavarSa prathama (815-877 I.)-yaha zAsaka jainadharma kA anuyAyI mahAn samrATa aura kavi thaa| vaha bAlyAvasthA meM mAnyakheTa rAjadhAnI kA abhiSikta rAjA huaa| usake jaina senApati baMkeyarasa aura abhibhAvaka karkarAja ne na kevala usake sAmrAjya ko surakSita rakhA apitu vidroha Adi kA damana karake sAmrAjya meM zAnti banAe rakhI tathA vaibhava meM bhI vRddhi kI / aneka araba saudAgaroM ne usake zAsana kI prazaMsA kI hai| sulemAna nAmaka saudAgara ne to yahA~ taka likhA hai ki usake rAjya meM corI aura ThagI koI bhI nahIM jAnatA thA, sabakA dharma aura dhArmikasampatti surakSita thI / anya rAjA loga apane-apane rAjya meM svatantra rahate hue bhI usakI prabhutA svIkAra karate the| samrAT amoghavarSa ne kannar3a bhASA meM 'kavirAjamArga' nAmaka eka grantha alaMkAra aura chanda ke sambandha meM likhA hai jisakA Aja bhI kannar3a meM Adara ke sAtha adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai| usake samaya meM saMskRta, prAkRta. apabhraMza aura kannar3a meM vipUla sAhitya kA sajana huaa| usake bacapana ke sAthI AcArya jinasena ne jaina-jagata meM suprasiddha 'AdipurANa' jaise vizAlakAya purANa kI racanA kI, sATha hajAra zloka meM 'jayadhavala' jaina grantha pUrNa kiyA aura kAlidAsa se samatA rakhane vAle pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya kI racanA kii| ye AcArya RSamadeva aura bharata kA jIvana-caritra likhane ke bAda hI svargastha ho ge| unake ziSya AcArya guNabhadra ne uttaraparANa meM zeSa tIrthaMkaroM kA jIvana-carita likhA / graMtha ke anta meM unhoMne likhA hai ki samrAT amoghavarSa jinasenAcArya ko caraNoM kI vandanA kara apane Apako dhanya mAnatA thaa| Ayurveda, vyAkaraNa Adi se sambandhita aneka grantha usI ke Azraya meM race ge| usane 'praznottara-ratnamAlikA' nAmaka pustaka svayaM likhI hai jisake maMgalAcaraNa meM usane mahAvIra svAmI kI vaMdanA kI hai| usake konnUra lekha tathA saMjana tAmrapatra se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha eka zrAvaka kA jIvana vyatIta karatA thA tathA jaina guruoM aura jaina mandiroM ko dAna diyA karatA thA / 'ratnamAlikA' se yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki vaha apane anta samaya meM rAjapATa ko tyAga kara muni ho gayA thaa| sambandhita zloka hai vivekAttyaktarAjyena rAjJa yaM ratnamAlikA / racitAmoghavarSeNa sudhiyAM sadalaMkRtiH // arthAt viveka kA udaya hone para rAjya kA parityAga karake rAjA amoghavarSa ne sudhIjanoM ko vibhASita karane vAlI isa ratnamAlikA nAmaka kRti kI racanA kii|
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________________ 22 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) prasiddha bhAratIya itihAsajJa DaoN. ananta sadAziva altekara ne apanI pustaka 'rASTrakUTa eNDa deara TAimsa' meM likhA hai ki samrAT amoghavarSa ke zAsanakAla meM jainadharma eka rASTradharma yA rAjyadharma (State religion) ho gayA thA aura usakI do-tihAI prajA jainadharma kA pAlana karatI thii| unake bar3e-bar3e padAdhikArI bhI jaina the| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki jainiyoM kI ahiMsA ke kAraNa bhArata videziyoM se hArA yaha kahanA galata hai / (samrATa candragupta maurya kA bhI udAharaNa hamAre sAmane hai|) DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina ne likhA hai ki "pro0 rAmakRSNa bhaNDArakara ke matAnusAra, rASTra kaTa narezoM meM amoghavarSa jainadharma kA mahAna saMrakSaka thaa| yaha bAta satya pratIta hotI hai ki usane svayaM jainadharma dhAraNa kiyA thaa|" samrATa amoghavarSa ke mahAsenApati parama jinabhakta baMkeyarasa ne karnATaka meM baMkApura nAmaka eka nagara basAyA jo karnATaka ke eka prasiddha jaina kendra ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA aura Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / kRSNarAja dvitIya (878-914 I.) samrAT amoghavarSa kA uttarAdhikArI huA / 'uttarapurANa' ke racayitA AcArya guNabhadra usake vidyAguru the| usI ke zAsana-kAla meM AcArya lokasena ne 'mahApurANa' (AcArya jinasena ke AdipurANa aura AcArya guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa) kA pUjotsava baMkApura meM kiyA thaa| Aja isa nagarI meM eka bhI jaina parivAra nahIM hai, aisI sUcanA hai| pUjotsava ke samaya isa nareza kA pratinidhi zAsaka lokAditya vahA~ rAjya karatA thaa| isa rASTrakUTa zAsaka ne bhI mUlagaNDa, badanike Adi ke aneka jaina mandiroM ke lie dAna die the| svagaM rAjA aura usakI paTTarAnI jainadharma ke prati zraddhAlu the| usake sAmantoM, vyApAriyoM ne bhI jinAlaya banavAye the| indra tRtIya (914-922 I.) bhI apane pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti jinabhakta thaa| usane candanapuripattana kI basadi aura bar3anagarapattana ke jaina mandiroM ke lie dAna die the aura bhagavAna zAntinAtha kA pASANanirmita sundara pAda-pITha bhI banavAyA thaa| apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya usane pahale se cale Ae dAnoM kI puSTi kI thI tathA aneka dharmaguruoM, devAlayoM ke lie cAra sau gAMva dAna kie the| kRSNa tRtIya (939-967 I.) isa vaMza kA sabase antima mahAn nareza thA / vaha bhI jainadharma kA poSaka thA aura usane jainAcArya vAdiSaMgala bhaTTa kA bar3A sammAna kiyA thaa| ye AcArya gaMganareza mArasiMha ke bhI guru the| isa zAsaka ne kannar3a mahAkavi ponna ko 'ubhayabhASAcakravartI' kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA thaa| ye vahI kavi ponna haiM jinhoMne kannar3a meM 'zAntipurANa' aura 'jinAkSaramAle' kI racanA kI hai / usake mantrI bharata aura usake putra nanna ne apabhraMza bhASA meM racita 'mahApurANa' ke mahAkavi puSpadanta ko Azraya diyA thaa| kavi ne likhA hai ki nanna jinendra kI pUjA aura muniyoM ko dAna dene meM Ananda kA anubhava karate the| kavi puSpadanta brAhmaNa the kintu muni ke upadeza se jaina ho gae the| unhoMne sallekhanAvidhi se zarIra tyAgA thaa| khoTriga nityavarSa (967-972 I.) ne zAntinAtha ke mitya abhiSeka ke lie pASANa kI sundara caukI samarpita kI thI aisA dAnavalapADu ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai| usI ke samaya meM 971 I. meM rAjarAnI AryikA pambabbe ne kezaloMca kara AryikA dIkSA lI thI aura tIsa varSa tapasyA kara samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| gomaTezvara mahAmUrti ke pratiSThApaka vIramArtaNDa cAmuNDarAya evaM gaMganareza mArasiMha jaba anya sthAnoM para yuddhoM meM ulajhe hue the taba mAlakA ke paramAra sipaka ne mAnyakheTa para AkramaNa kiyA jisameM khoTriga mArA gyaa| usake putra ko bhI mArakara cAlukya tailapa ne mAnyakheTa para adhikAra kara liyaa|
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma | 23 kRSNa tRtIya ke pautra aura gaMganareza mArasiMha ke bhAnaje rASTrakUTa vaMzI indra caturtha kI mArasiMha ne sahAyatA kI, usakA rAjyAbhiSeka bhI kraayaa| zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhAnusAra, mArasiMha ne 974 I. meM baMkApura meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA / indrarAja bhI saMsAra se virakta ho gayA thA aura usane bhI 982 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra rASTrakUTa vaMza kA anta ho gayA / isa vaMza ke samaya meM lagabhaga 250 varSoM taka jainadharma karnATaka kA sabase pramukha evaM lokapriya dharma thaa| kalacuri vaMza cAlakya vaMza ke zAsana ko isa vaMza ke bijjala kalacuri nAmaka cAlukyoM ke hI mahAmaNDalezvara aura senApati ne 1156 I. meM kalyANI se samApta kara diyaa| lagabhaga tIsa varSoM taka aneka kalacari rAjAoM ne kalyANI se hI karnATaka para zAsana kiyaa| kalacuriyoM kA zAsana mukhya rUpa se vartamAna madhyabhArata, mahAkosala evaM uttarapradeza meM tIsarI sadI se hI thaa| inake sambandha meM DaoN. jyoti prasAdajI kA kathana hai ki anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra isa vaMza kA AdipuruSa kIrtivIrya thA, jisane jaina muni ke rUpa meM tapasyA karake karmoM ko naSTa kiyA thaa| 'kala' zabda kA artha karma bhI hai aura deha bhii| ataeva dehadamana dvArA karmoM ko cUra karane vAle vyakti ke vaMzaja kalacari khlaaye| isa vaMza meM jainadharma kI pravRtti bhI alpAdhika banI rhii| pro0 rAmAsvAmI AyaMgAra Adi aneka dakSiNa bhAratIya itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI I. meM jina zaktizAlI kalabhrajAti ke logoM ne tamila deza para AkramaNa karake cola, cera tathA pANDya narezoM ko parAjita karake ukta samasta pradeza para apanA zAsana sthApita kara liyA thA ve pratApI kalabhra nareza jainadharma ke pakke anuyAyI the| yaha sambhAvanA hai ki uttara bhArata ke kalacuriyoM kI hI eka zAkhA sudUra dakSiNa meM kalabhra nAma se prasiddha huI aura kAlAntara meM unhIM kalabhroM kI santati meM karNATaka ke kalacuri hue| AyaMgAra ke hI anusAra, kalacuri zAsaka bijjala bhI "apane kula kI pravRtti ke anusAra jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usakA pradhAna senApati jainavIra recimayya thaa| usakA eka anya jaina mantrI brAhma baladeva thA jisakA jAmAtA bAsava bhI jaina thA / " isI bAsava ne jainadharma aura anya kucha dharmoM ke siddhAntoM ko samamelita kara 'vIrazaiva' yA liMgAyata' mata calAyA (isa Azaya kA eka paTTa bhI 'kalyANI' ke mor3a para lagA hai| dekhie jaina rAjadhAnI 'kalyANI' prkrnn)| jo bhI ho, bijjala aura usake vaMzajoM ne isa mata kA virodha kiyA kintu vaha phailatA gayA aura jainadharma ko karnATaka meM usake kAraNa kAphI kSati pahu~cI / kahA jAtA hai ki bijjala ne apane anta samaya meM putra ko rAjya sauMpa diyA aura apanA zeSa jIvana dharma-dhyAna meM bitaayaa| san 1183 I. meM cAlukya somezvara caturtha ne kalyANI para punaH adhikAra kara liyA aura isa prakAra kalacuri zAsana kA anta ho gyaa| ablUra nAmaka eka sthAna ke lagabhaga 1200 I. ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vIrazaiva AcArya ekAntada rAmayya ne jainoM ke sAtha vivAda kiyA aura unase tAr3apatra para yaha zarta likhavA lI ki yadi ve hAra gae to ve jinapratimA ke sthAna para ziva kI pratimA sthApita kreNge| kahA jAtA hai ki rAmayya ne apanA sira kATakara punaH jor3a liyaa| jainoM ne jaba zarta kA pAlana karane se inakAra kiyA to usane sainikoM, ghur3asavAroM ke hote hue bhI haligere (Adhunika lakSmezvara) meM jaina mUrti Adi ko pheMkakara jinamandira ke sthAna para vIrasomanAtha zivAlaya banA diyaa| jainoM ne rAjA bijjala se isakI zikAyata kI to rAjA ne jainoM ko phira vahI zarta likha
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________________ 24 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) dene aura rAmayya ko vahI karizmA dikhAne ke lie khaa| jainoM ne rAjA se kSati pUrti kI mAMga kI, na ki jhagar3A bar3hAne kii| isa para rAjA ne rAmayya ko jayapatra diyaa| isa camatkAra kI kahAnI meM vidvAnoM ko sandeha hai aura isakA yahI artha lagAyA jAtA hai ki vIrazaiva yA liMgAyata mata ke anuyAyiyoM ne jainoM para una dinoM atyAcAra kiye the| eka mata yaha bhI hai ki bijjala bhI bAsava kI bahina aura apanI sundara rAnI padmAvatI ke prabhAva se vIrazaiva mata kI ora jhuka gayA thA kintu use viSAkta Ama khilAkara mAra diyA gyaa| hoyasala rAjavaMza yaha vaMza karnATaka ke itihAsa meM sabase prasiddha rAjavaMza hai| isa vaMza se sambandhita sabase adhika zilAlekha zravaNabelagola tathA anya aneka sthAnoM para pAe gae haiN| isa vaMza ke rAjA viSNuvardhana aura usakI parama jinabhakta, sundarI, nRtyagAnavizAradA paTTarAnI zAntalA to na kevala karnATaka ke rAjanItika aura dhArmika itihAsa tathA janazrutiyoM meM amara ho gae haiM apitu upanyAsa Adi sAhityika vidhAoM ke bhI cirajIvI pAtra ho gae haiM / mUDabidrI ke prAcIna jaina granthoM meM bhI unake citra surakSita haiN| uparyukta vaMza apanI adbhuta mandira aura mUrti nirmANa-kalA ke lie bhI jagavikhyAta hai| belUra, halebiDa aura somanAthapura (sabhI karnATaka meM) ke tAroM (star) kI AkRti ke bane, lagabhaga eka-eka iMca para sundara, AkarSaka nakkAzI ke kAma vAle mandiroM ne unake zAsana ko smaraNIya banA diyA hai| unake samaya kI nirmANazailI aba isa vaMza ke nAma para hoysala zailI mAnI jAtI hai| usakI pRthak pahicAna hai aura pRthak vishesstaa| hoysala vaMza kI rAjadhAnI sabase pahale sosevUra yA zazakapura (Ajakala kA nAma aMgaDi) phira belUra aura usake bAda dvArAvatI yA dvArasamudra yA dorasamudra meM rhii| antima sthAna Ajakala halebiDa (arthAta purAnI rAjadhAnI) kahalAtA hai aura nitya hI vahA~ saikar3oM paryaTaka mandira dekhane ke lie Ate haiN| isa vaMza kI sthApanA jainAcArya sudatta vardhamAna ne kI thii| hoysalanareza jainadharma ke pratipAlaka the. usake prabala poSaka the| rAnI zAntalA to apanI jinabhakti ke lie atyanta prasiddha hai| usake dvArA zravaNabelagola meM banavAyI gayI 'savatigandhavAraNa basadi' aura vahA~ kA zilAlekha usakI amara gAthA Aja bhI kahata haiM / isa vaMza kA itihAsa bar3A rocaka aura kucha vivAdAspada (sahI dRSTi ho to vivAdAspada nahIM) hai| vizeSakara viSNuvardhana ko lekara taraha-taraha kI anuzrutiyA~ pracalita haiN| jo bhI ho, hoysalavaMza kA itihAsa aura usase sambandhita tathyoM kI saMkSipta parIkSA isI pustaka meM 'halebiDa' ke paricaya ke sAtha kI gaI hai| vaha par3hane para bahuta-sI bAteM spaSTa ho jaaeNgii| hoysalavaMza kA anta 1310 I. meM alAuddIna khilajI ke aura 1326 I. meM muhammada tugalaka ke AkramaNoM ke kAraNa ho gyaa| vijayanagara sAmrAjya (1336-1565 I.) yaha hama dekha cuke haiM ki hoysala sAmrAjya kA anta alAuddIna khilajI aura muhammada tugalaka ke AkramaNoM ke kAraNa huaa| antima hoysalanareza ballAla kI mRtyu ke bAda usake eka saradAra saMgamezvara yA saMgama ke do beToM-harihara aura bukkA-ne musalamAnoM kA zAsana samApta karane kI dRSTi se saMgama nAmaka eka naye rAjavaza kI 1336 I. meM nIMva ddaalii| unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnI vijayanagara (yA vidyAnagara) meM banAI jo ki Ajakala hampI kahalAtI hai| yaha vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM varNita kiSkindhAkSetra meM sthita hai aura
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________________ karnATaka jaina dharma: 25 prAcIna sAhitya meM pampApurI kahalAtI thii| ajaina tIrthayAtrI ise pampAkSetra kahate haiM aura Aja bhI bAlIsugrIva kI guphA Adi kI yAtrA karane Ate haiN| Ajakala kI hampA meM lagabhaga 26 ki. mI. ke ghere meM bikhare par3e jaina-ajaina smArakoM, mahaloM aura sAtha hI bahanevAlI tuMgabhadrA kA paricaya isI pustaka meM diyA gayA hai| vahIM isa sthAna kA rAmAyaNa kAla se itihAsa prArambha kara vijayanagara sAmrAjya kA itihAsa aura jainadharma ke prati vijayanagara zAsakoM kA dRSTi koNa, unake senApatiyoM Adi dvArA vijayanagara meM hI kunthunAtha caityAlaya (Adhunika nAma gaNigitti basadi) Adi mandiroM ke nirmANa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa vaMza ke dvitIya nareza bukkArAya prathama (1365-77 I.) ne janoM (bhavyoM) aura vaiSNavoM (bhaktoM) ke bIca jisa DhaMga se vivAda nipaTAyA usakA sUcaka zilAlekha karnATaka ke dhArmika evaM rAjanItika itihAsa kA eka mahattvapUrNa dastAveja hai / usameM zravaNabelagola kI rakSA aura jIrNoddhAra Adi kI bhI vyavasthA kI gaI thii| Age calakara zAsaka devarAya kI patnI ne zravaNabelagola meM 'maMgAyIbasadi' kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| saMgama rAjA devarAya dvitIya (1419-46 I.) to kArakala meM gomaTezvara kI 41 phuTa 5 iMca U~cI pratimA ke pratiSThA-mahotsava meM sammilita huA thaa| vijayanagara me isa vaMza se pahale bhI jaina mandira the, khudAI meM do mandira aura bhI nikale batAe jAte haiN| svayaM isa kula ke rAmamandira meM tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki yaha vaMza jaina nahIM thA kintu isake parivAra ke kucha sadasya jinadharmAvalambI, usake prati udAra, sahiSNu aura poSaka the isameM saMdeha nhiiN| mantrI, senApati meM se kucha jaina the aura unhoMne jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa yA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| rAjA devarAja dvitIya (1419-46 I.) ke sambandha meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki usane vijayanagara ke 'pAna-supArI' bAjAra meM eka caityAlaya banavAkara usameM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA virAjamAna kI thii| uparyukta vaMza kA sabase prasiddha nareza kRSNa devarAya (1509-39 I.) haA hai jo ki raNavIra hone ke sAtha hI sAtha dharmavIra bhI thaa| usane ballArI jile ke eka jinAlaya ko dAna diyA thA aura mUDabidrI kI guru basadi ke lie bhI sthAyI vRtti dI thii| eka zilAlekha meM usane syAdvAdamata aura jinendra bhagavAna ko namaskAra karane ke sAtha hI varAha ko bhI namaskAra kiyA hai| kAlAntara meM isa vaMza kA rAjya bhI musalamAnoM ke sammilata AkramaNa kA zikAra huaa| rAjadhAnI vijayanagara pAMca mAha taka lUTI aura jalAI gii| aneka mandira-matiyA~ naSTa ho ge| vijayanagara ke vidhvaMsa ke bAda bhI isake vaMzaja candragiri se 1465 I. se 1684 I taka rAjya karate rahe / unake samaya meM bhI heggare kI basadi, mUttUra kI anantajina basadi aura maleyara kI pArzvanAtha basadi kA nirmANa yA jIrNoddhAra ina rAjAoM ke upazAsakoM eva mahAlekhAkara Adi ne karavAyA thaa| vijayanagara (hampI) ke jaina smArakoM, jainadharma ke isa kSetra kA prAcIna itihAsa aura vijayanagara zAsakoM, unake senApatiyoM Adi kA jainadharma se sambandha Adi vivaraNa ke lie isI pustaka meM 'hampI' dekhie / maisUra kA oDeyara rAjavaMza karnATaka para zAsana karane vAle bar3e rAjavaMzoM meM antima evaM suvidita nAma oDeyara rAjavaMza kA hai| Adhunika maisUra (prAcIna mahizara, maisUrapadana) isa vaMza kI rAjadhAnI rhii| itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki yaha vaMza bhI usa gaMgavaMza kI hI eka zAkhA hai jo jainadharma ke anuyAyI ke rUpa meM karnATaka ke itihAsa meM prasiddha hai / kAlAntara meM isa vaMza ne anya dharma svIkAra kara liyA kintu isake zAsakoM ne zravaNabelagola ko hamezA Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA aura usakA saMrakSaka banA rhaa| svatantratA-pUrva taka ve mahAmastakAbhiSeka meM sammalita hote rhe|
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________________ 26 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) oDeyara vaMza se sambandhita sabase prAcIna zilAlekha 1634 I. kA hai| usameM ullekha hai ki jina mahAjanoM ne zravaNabelagola kI jamIna-sampatti giravI rakha lI thI, use tatkAlIna maisUranareza cAmarAja oDeyara ne svayaM karja cukA kara chur3Ane kI ghoSaNA kii| isa para mahAjanoM ne bhUmi Adi karz2a se svayaM mukta kara dii| isa para nareza ne zilAlekha likhavAyA ki jo koI bhI isa kSetra kI jamIna giravI Adi rakhane kA kArya karegA vaha mahApApa kA bhAgI hogA aura samAja se bahiSkRta mAnA jaaegaa| 'munivaMzAmyudaya' nAmaka eka kannar3a kAvya meM varNana hai ki maisUranareza cAmarAja zravaNabelagola padhAre aura unhoMne gommaTezvara ke darzana kie| unhoMne cAmuNDarAya Adi se sambandhita lekha par3havAye, ve siddhara basadi gae aura unhoMne karnATaka ke jainAcAryoM kI paramparAgata vaMzAvalI sunI aura pUchA ki Adhunika guru kahA~ haiM / jaba unhoMne yaha jAnA ki cannarAyapaTTana ke sAmanta ke atyAcAroM ke kAraNa gommaTezvara kI pUjA banda kara guru bhallAtakIpura (Ajakala ke gerusoppe) cale gae haiM to unhoMne sammAnapUrvaka guru (bhaTTAraka jI) ko zravaNabelagola bulavAne kA prabandha kiyA aura dAna dene kA vacana diyaa| unhoMne kiyA bhI vaisA hI aura cannarAyapaTTana ke sAmanta ko harAkara padacyuta kara diyaa| zilAlekha hai ki cikkadevarAja oDeyara ne kalyANI sarovara kA nirmANa yA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thA tathA usakA parakoTA banavAyA thaa| unhoMne 1674 I. meM jaina sAdhuoM ke AhAra ke lie bhaTTArakajI ko madane nAmaka gA~va bhI dAna meM diyA thaa| uparyukta nareza ke uttarAdhikArI kRSNarAja oDeyara ne zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka jI ko aneka sanadeM dI thIM jo unake vaMzajoM dvArA mAnya kI gyiiN| unameM 33 mandiroM ke vyaya evaM jIrNoddhAra ke lie tIna gA~va dAna meM die jAne kA ullekha hai| maisUranareza kRSNarAja oDeyara caturtha bhI zravaNabelagola Ae the aura unhoMne navambara 1900 I. meM apane Agamana ke upalakSya meM apanA nAma candragiri para khudavA diyA thA jo abhI bhI aMkita hai| maisUra-narezoM kI gommaTezvara-bhakti kA vizeSa paricaya aneka pustakoM meM upalabdha hai| TIpU sultAna haidara alI aura TIpU sultAna ne bhI apanI rAjadhAnI zrIraMgapaTTana se rAjya kiyaa| unhoMne bhI zravaNabelagola ke mandiroM aura gommaTezvara kI mUrti ko hAni nahIM phuNcaaii| TIpU sultAna ne to gommaTezvara ko namana bhI kiyA thaa| svatantratA-prApti ke bAda maisUra ke oDeyara vaMza kI sattA samApta hokara prajAtAntrika karnATaka sarakAra bnii| usake mukhyamantriyoM sarvazrI nijaliMgappA, devarAja arsa aura zrI guNDarAva ne gommaTezvara ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka Adi meM jo saharSa sahayoga diyA vaha smaraNIya hai / eka hajAra varSa pUrva hone para to bhArata kI pradhAnamantrI zrImatI indirA gA~dhI ne bhI mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke avasara para gomaTeza ke prati apane zraddhA-sumana arpita kie the| vartamAna meM bhArata sarakAra kA purAtattva vibhAga aura karnATaka sarakAra kA purAtattva vibhAga, dhAravAr3a vizvavidyAlaya karnATaka ke jaina smArakoM meM vaijJAnika DhaMga se saharSa sakriya sahayoga pradAna kara rahe haiN| kucha smAraka, prAcIna mUrtiyA~, zilAlekha Adi to inhIM ke kAraNa surakSita raha gae haiM / ye sabhI saMsthAna jaina samAja kI vipulaprazaMsA ke pAtra haiN|
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma | 27 karnATaka ke choTe rAjavaMza karnATaka meM pRthak rAjA yA sAmanta Adi ke rUpa meM aura bhI aneka jaina dharmAnuyAyI vaMza rahe haiM jo the to choTe kintu dhArmika prabhAva ke unake kArya bahuta bar3e the (jaise kArakala kA rAjavaMza, humacA kA sAntara rAjakala Adi) / inakA bhI saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| sendraka vaMza nAgarakhaMDa yA banavAsi ke eka bhAga para zAsana karanevAle isa vaMza kA bahuta kama paricaya zilAlekhoM se milatA hai| ye pahale kadamba zAsakoM ke aura bAda meM cAlukyoM ke sAmanta ho gaye / jaina dharmapAlaka isa vaMza ke sAmanta bhAnuzakti rAjA ne kadambarAja harivarmA se jinamandira kI pUjA ke lie dAna dilavAyA thaa| isI prakAra isa vaMza ke dvArA eka jaina mandira ke nirmANa aura puligere (lakSmezvara) ke zaMkha jinAlaya ke lie bhUmidAna kA bhI jallekha milatA hai| sAntara vaMza jainadharma ke parama pAlaka isa vaMza kA mUlapuruSa uttara bhArata se AyA thaa| vaha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke uragavaMza meM utpanna huA thaa| usakI kuladevI padmAvatIdevI thI jo ki pArzva prabhu kI yakSiNI hai| isa devI kI atizaya mAnyatA Aja bhI humacA meM eka loka-vizvAsa aura pUjanIyatA meM agraNI hai| isa vaMza kI rAjadhAnI pomburcapura (zilAlekhoM meM nAma) thI jo ghisate-ghisate humadhA (huMcA) ho gaI hai / vahA~ padmAvatI kA mandira darzanIya hai| rAjamahala ke avazeSa bhI haiN| yaha sthAna uttara bhArata ke mahAvIrajI yA rAjasthAna ke tijArA jaisA lokapriya hai| sAntaravaMza kA prathama rAjA jinadattarAya thaa| usI ne kanakapura yA pomburcapura (humacA) meM isa vaMza kI nIMva padmAvatI devI kI kRpA se DAlI thii| isa vaMza dvArA banavAe gae jaina mandiroM, dAna Adi kA vistata paricaya 'hamacA' ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| pAThaka kRpayA use avazya pddh'eN| isa vaMza kI sthApanA kI upanyAsa jaisI kahAnI bhI vahA~ dI gaI hai| sAntara vaMza kI eka zAkhA ne kArakala meM bhI rAjya kiyaa| isI jinadattarAya ke vaMzaja bhairava-putra vIra pANDya ne kArakala meM bAhubalI kI lagabhaga 42 phuTa U~cI (41 phuTa 5 iMca UMcI) pratimA kucha kilomITara dUra se kisa prakAra lAkara san 1432 I. meM sthApita kI thI, isakA romAMcaka vivaraNa isa rAjavaMza ke zAsakoM sahita kArakala ke prasaMga meM isI pustaka meM diyA gayA hai| isa pratimA ke darzanoM ke lie Aja bhI yAtrI vahA~ jAte haiM aura isa pratimA ko tathA vahA~ kI caturmukha basadi ko dekhakara pulakita ho uThate haiM / donoM hI choTI vRkSahIna sarala pahAr3iyoM para haiN| yaha sthAna mUDabidrI se bahuta pAsa hai| karnATaka meM sAntara rAjavaMza ne jainadharma kI jo Thosa nIMva DAlI vaha bhulAI nahIM jA sktii| zravaNabelagola kI gommaTezvara pratimA ke bAda dUsare nambara kI bAhubalI pratimA isI sAntara vaMza kI dena hai / jinadattarAya ne apanA rAjya lagabhaga 800 I. meM sthApita kiyA thaa| kArakala meM isa vaMza ne lagabhaga 1600 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| raTTa rAjavaMza zilAlekhoM se hI jJAta hotA hai ki isa vaMza kA prathama puruSa pRthvIrAma thA jo ki mailapatIrtha ke
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________________ 28 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) kAreyagaNa ke guNakIrti muni ke ziSya indrakIrti svAmI kA ( prAcIna nAma sugandhavati ) thI / isa vaMza ne 1229 I. taka zAsana kiyaa| usane tathA usake muniyoM ke AhAra Adi ke lie dAna tathA mandiroM kI Aya ke lie kucha gA~va samarpita kara die the| ziSya thA / usakI rAjadhAnI Adhunika saundatti rASTrakUTa vaMza kI adhInatA meM lagabhaga 978 I. se vaMzajoM ne saundatti meM jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA / isa vaMza ke eka zAsaka lakSmIdeva ne 1229 I. meM apane guru municandradeva kI AjJA se mallinAtha mandira kA nirmANa karAke vividha dAna diye the| DaoN. jyotiprasAda ke anusAra, "municandradeva rAjA ke dharmaguru hI nahIM, zikSaka aura rAjanItika patha-pradarzaka bhI the unhIM kI dekharekha meM zAsana kArya calatA thaa| svayaM rAjA lakSmIdeva ne unheM ra-rAjya saMsthApaka-prAcArya upAdhi dI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki saMkaTakAla meM unhoMne pradhAnamantrI kA pada grahaNa kara liyA thA aura rAjya ke zatruoM kA damana karane ke lie zastra bhI dhAraNa kie the / saMkaTa nivRti ke uparAnta vaha phira se sAdhu ho gaye the / vaha kANUragaNa ke AcArya the / " gaMgadhArA ke cAlukya suprasiddha cAlyukya vaMza kI eka zAkhA ne gaMgadhArA (saMbhavataH prAcIna puligere yA Adhunika lakSmezvara nagarI yA usakA upanagara) rAjadhAnI meM rASTrakUToM ke sAmanta ke rUpa meM 800 I. se zAsana kiyaa| dasavIM sadI meM gaMgadhArA kI prasiddhi eka rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM thii| isa vaMza ke arikesarI rAjA ne kannaDa bhASA ke mahAna jaina kavi pampa ko bhI Azraya diyA thaa| usake uttarAdhikArI baTTiga dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM hI prasiddha jainAcArya somadeva sUri ne gaMgadhArA meM apane nivAsa ke samaya suprasiddha kAvya 'yazastilaka campU' tathA prAcIna bhAratIya rAjanIti siddhAnta grantha ke rUpa meM prasiddha 'nItivAkyAmRta' kI racanA kauTilya ke arthazAstra kI sUtra maMtrI meM kI thii| prAcIna bhAratIya rAjanItika siddhAntoM ke adhyayana ke silasile meM Aja bhI yaha grantha vizvavidyAlayoM meM paThita saMdarbhita kiyA jAtA hai| uparyukta rAjA ne hI lakSmezvara meM 'gaMga kandarpa' jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isa vaMza ke rAjA jainadharma ke anuyAyI rhe| ko gAlava vaMza isa rAjavaMza ne karnATaka ke vartamAna kurga aura hAsana jiloM ke bIca ke kSetra para jo ki kAverI aura hemavatI nadiyoM ke bIca thA zAsana kiyaa| usa samaya yaha pradeza koMgalanATa kahalAtA thaa| isa vaMza kA sambandha prasiddha colavaMza se jAna par3atA hai| samrAT rAjendra cola ne isake pUrvapuruSa ko apanA sAmanta niyukta kiyA thaa| yaha vaMza gyArahavI sadI meM avazya vidyamAna thA (zilAlekha bahuta kama mile haiM) aura jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| somavAra grAma meM purAnI basadi ke eka pASANa para lagabhaga 1080 I. ke zilAlekha se vidita hotA hai| ki rAjendra pRthvI koMgAlva nAmaka isa vaMza ke rAjA ne 'adaTarAditya' nAmaka caityAlaya kA nirmANa apane guru mUlasaMgha, kAnUragaNa, tagarigaLa gaccha ke gaNDavimuktideva ke lie karAyA thA aura pUjA-arcanA ke lie dAna diyA thA / AcArya prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva kA vaha bar3A Adara karatA thA aura usane apane zilAlekha ke prArambha meM unakI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| lekha meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki usake zilAlekha kI racanA cAra bhASAoM ke jJAtA sandhivigrahaka nakulArya ne kI thii| isa rAjA ne apane ko 'aureyurapuravarAdhIzvara' tathA 'sUryavaMzI -mahAmaNDalezvara' kahA hai| kucha itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki yaha vaMza caudahavIM zatAbdI yA usake bAda taka zAsana karatA rahA aura
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________________ karnATaka meM jaina dharma | 29 anta taka jainadharma kA anuyAyI banA rhaa| jo bhI ho, isa vaMza ke sambandha meM adhika jAnakArI prApta nahIM hai| caMgAlva vaMza isa vaMza kA zAsana karnATaka ke caMganADu (Adhunika huNasUra tAluka) meM thA, jo ki Age calakara pazcima-maisUra aura kUrga jiloM taka phaila gyaa| isa vaMza se sambandhita adhikAMza zilAlekha gyArahavIM-bArahavIM sadI ke haiN| kintu pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM bhI yaha vaMza astitva meM thaa| ye cola evaM hoysala narezoM ke sAmanta rahe pratIta hote haiN| isa vaMza ke adhikAMza rAjA zaiva mata ko mAnate the kintu 11-12vIM sadI meM ye jinabhakta the| uparyukta vaMza kA sabase prasiddha rAjA vIrarAjendra cola nanni caMgAMlva ne cikka hanasoge nAmaka sthAna para dezIgaNa pustakagaccha ke lie jinamandira kA nirmANa lagabhaga 1060 I. meM karAyA thaa| usI sthAna kI eka basadi kA usane jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA jisake sambandha meM yaha prasiddhi thI ki usakA nirmANazrI rAmacandra ne karavAyA thaa| san 1080 I. ke eka zilAlekha se , jo ki hanasoge kI basadi meM navaraMga-maNDapa ke dvAra para utkIrNa hai, yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isa caMgAlva tIrtha meM AdIzvara, zAntIzvara, nemIzvara Adi jinamandira the jo bhaTTAraka yA muniyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM the evaM caMgAlvanareza ne unakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| caMgAlvanareza mariyapergaDe pilduvayya ne 'pilduvi-Izvaradeva' nAmaka eka basadi kA nirmANa 1091 I. ke lagabhaga karAyA thaa| muniyoM ko bhI AhAra-dAna diyA thaa| zravaNabelagola ke 1510 I. ke eka zilAlekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki isa vaMza ke eka nareza ke mantrI-putra ne gommaTezvara kI UparI maMjila kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| niDugala vaMza uttara maisUra ke kucha bhAga para rAjya karanevAle isa vaMza ke zAsana sambandhI ullekha terahavIM zatAbdI ke prApta hote haiM / amarApura tathA niDugallu beTTa (jaina basa di) ke zilAlekho se jJAta hotA hai ki ye rAjA svayaM ko colavaMza ke tathA oreyurapuravarAdhIza kahate the| upayukta vaMza ke irugola ke zAsanakAla meM malliseTri ne tailaMgere basadi ke prasanna pArzvanAtha ke lie supArI ke do hajAra per3oM ke hisse dAna meM diye the| isI rAjA ke pahAr3I kile kA nAma kAlAjana thaa| usakI coTiyA~ UMcI hone ke kAraNa vaha 'niDugala' khlaayaa| usI ke dakSiNa meM gaMgeyanamAra ne eka pArzva jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| apane isa dharmapremI gaMgeyana kI prArthanA para rAjA iraMgola ne pArzvanAtha kI dainika pUjA, AhAradAna Adi ke lie bhUmi kA dAna kiyA thaa| vahAM ke kisAnoM ne bhI akharoTa aura pAna kA dAna kiyA thA tathA kisAnoM ne apane kolhuoM se tela lA-lAkara dAna meM diyA thaa| aisA ullekha milatA hai ki isa rAjA ko viSNuvardhana ne harAyA thaa| alupa vaMza isakA zAsana-kSetra tulanADu (mUDabidrI ke AsapAsa kA kSetra) thaa| dasavIM sadI meM taulava deza ke pramukha jainakendra the mUDabidrI, gerusoppA, bhaTakala, kArakala, sode, hADuhalli aura honnaavr| inameM se kucha to aba bhI pramakha jaina kendra haiN| isa vaMza ke zAsakoM ne jainadharma ko rAjyAzraya bhI pradAna kiyA thA aura aneka jaina
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________________ 30 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) basadiyoM ke lie dAna diyA thaa| ye rAjA 1114 I. se lagabhaga 1384 I. taka rAjya karate rhe| isa vaMza kA rAjA kulazekhara-alupendra tRtIya mUDabidrI ke pArzvanAtha kA paramabhakta thaa| dekhie 'mUDabidrI' prakaraNa / baMgavADi vaMza kA vaMza __ alupavaMza ke bAda tulunADu meM isa vaMza ne rAjya kiyA (dekhie 'mUDabidrI') saMgItapura ke sAluva maNDalezvara saMgItapura yA hADahalli (uttarI kanArA yA kAravADa jilA ke ke samaddha nagara meM isa vaMza ne pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM rAjya kiyaa| mahAmaNDalezvara sAluvendra bhagavAna candraprabha kA bar3A bhakta thaa| usake mantrI ne bhI pArzvanAtha kA eka caityAlaya padmAkarapura meM banavAyA thaa| coTara rAjavaMza mUDabiDI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAne vAle isa vaMza ke rAjA 1690 I. meM svatantra ho gae the| isa vaMza ne lagabhaga 700 varSoM taka muDabidrI meM rAjya kiyaa| inake vaMzaja aura inakA mahala Aja bhI mUDabidrI meM vidyamAna haiM / ve jainadharma kA pAlana karate haiM aura zAsana se peMzana pAte haiM / (dekhie 'mUDabidrI') bhairarasa vaMza kArakala kA yaha rAjavaMza humacA ke parama jinabhakta rAjAoM kI eka zAkhA hI thA / yaha vaMza jainadharma kA anuyAyI rahA / isI vaMza ke rAjA vIrapANDya ne san 1432 I. meM kArakala meM bAhubalI kI 41 phuTa 5 iMca U~cI pratimA nirmANa karAkara vahA~ kI pahAr3I para sthApita kI thI jisakI Aja bhI vandanA kI jAtI hai| isa vaMza ke vivaraNa ke lie dekhie 'kArakala' prakaraNa / aMjila vaMza apane Apako cAmuNDarAya kA vaMzaja batAne vAlA yaha vaMza bArahavIM sadI meM udita huaa| isakA zAsana-kSetra veNUra thA / veNUra hI isakI rAjadhAnI rahI aura isakA pradeza tulanADu ke antargata sambhavataH puMjalike kahalAtA thaa| yaha vaMza prArambha se anta taka jainadharma kA anuyAyI rhaa| isI vaMza ke zAsaka timmarAja ne 1604 I. meM veNUra meM bAhubalI kI 35 phaTa U~cI pratimA sthApita kI thI jo Aja bhI pUjita hai| isa vaMza ke vaMzaja Aja bhI vidyamAna haiM aura sarakAra se peMzana pAte haiN| unakA mahala bhI astitva meM hai| (dekhie 'veNUra' prakaraNa) karnATaka ke uparyukta saMkSipta itihAsa para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa rAjya meM jainadharma kI vidyamAnatA evaM mAnyatA atyanta prAcIna hai| kama-se-kama mahAvIra svAmI ke samaya meM to vahA~ jainadharma kA pracAra thA jo ki pArzvanAtha-paramparA kI hI pravahamAna dhArA mAnI jAe to koI bahuta bar3I aitihAsika Apatti nahIM uTha sakatI hai, kyoMki pArzvanAtha yahA~ taka ki bhagavAna neminAtha aitihAsika puruSa mAna lie gae haiN| isI prakAra karnATaka ke lagabhaga hara choTe yA bar3e rAjavaMza ne yA to svayaM jainadharma kA pAlana kiyA yA usake prati atyanta udAra dRSTikoNa apnaayaa| madhyayuga kI aitihAsika yA rAjanItika paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hue bhI yaha niSkarSa anUcita nahIM hogA ki karnATaka meM pracura rAjyAzraya prApta hone ke kAraNa bahusaMkhya prajA kA dharma bhI jainadharma rahA hogaa|
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________________ karnATaka ahiMsA ke smArakoM kI bhUmi atyanta prAcInakAla se hI karnATaka jainadharma kA pramukha kendra rahA hai| isa pradeza kA jo itihAsa zrutakevalI bhadrabAha aura candragupta maurya ke AlekhoM, vibhinna mandiroM, zilAlekhoM Adi se prApta huA hai usase isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai / yahA~ itane mandira aura tIrtha kAlAntara meM bane yA vikasita hue ki isa bhUmi ko ahiMsA ke smArakoM kI bhUmi kahanA anucita nahIM hogaa| karnATaka vibhinna zailI ke mandiroM kI nirmANazAlA yA vikAsazAlA rahA hai / IsA ko prArambhika sadI meM yahA~ kASTha ke jainamandira nirmita hote the / eka kadambanareza ne halAsI (palAzikA) meM IsA kI pAMcavIM sadI meM lakar3I kA eka jainamandira banavAyA thaa| hamacA ke zilAlekhoM meM ullekha hai ki vahA~ pASANa mandira banavAyA gyaa| yaha tathya yaha bhI sUcita karatA hai ki pahale kucha mandira pASANa ke nahIM bhI hote the / kASThamandiroM ke atirikta karnATaka meM guphA-mandira bhI haiM jo pahAr3I kI caTTAna ko kATa-kATakara banAe gae / isa prakAra ke mandira aihola aura bAdAmI meM haiN| kAlAntara meM pASANa kI kAphI caur3I aura moTI zilAoM se mandira banAye jAne lge| aisA eka mandira aihola meM 634 I. meM banA jo isalie bhI prasiddha hai ki prAcIna mandiroM meM vahI eka aisA mandira hai jisakI tithi hameM jJAta hai| hampI (vijayanagara) kA gAnigitti mandira vizAla zilAkhaNDoM se nirmita mandiroM kA eka sundara udAharaNa hai| tIna moTI aura U~cI zilAoM se usakI dIvAra chata taka pahuMca gaI hai| zAyada usameM jor3ane ke lie masAle kA bhI prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| mandiroM ke zikharoM kA jahA~ taka prazna hai, karnATaka meM uttara bhAratIya aura dakSiNa bhAratIya donoM hI prakAra ke zikharoM ke mandira vidyamAna haiN| mUDabidrI ke mandira to nepAla aura tibbata kI nirmANa zailI se saMyogavaza yA samparkavaza sAmyatA rakhate haiM / sundara nakkAzI yukta eka hajAra stambhoM taka ke mandira (mUDabidrI) karnATaka meM haiM / aura unameM se kucha kI pAliza abhI bhI acchI hAlata meM hai / kucha mandiroM meM saMgIta kI dhvani dene vAle stambha bhI haiN| nakkAzI meM bhI yahA~ ke mandira Age haiN| belagA~va kI kamala basadi kA kamala AbU ke mandiroM ke kamala se hor3a karanA cAhatA hai to jinanAthapuram ke mandira kAma utkIrNana mana moha letA hai| mAnastambhoM kI bhI yahA~ vizeSa chavi hai| kArakala meM eka hI zilA se nirmita 60 phuTa U~cA mAnastambha hai to mUDabidrI meM mAtra 40 iMca U~cA mAna stambha dekhA jA sakatA hai| mUrtikalA kA to karnATaka mAno saMgrahAlaya hI hai / yahA~ mUDabidrI meM pakI miTTI (clay) kI mUrtiyAM haiM to pASANa se nirmita vizAlakAya gommaTa (bAhubalI) mUrtiyA~ haiN| zravaNabelagola kI 57 phuTa U~cI mUrti to aba vizvavikhyAta ho cukI hai / kArakala kI 42 phuTa U~cI bAhubalI mUrti khar3I karane kA vivaraNa hI romAMcaka hai| veNara aura dharmasthala tathA gommaTagiri kI mUrtiyoM kA apanA hI AkarSaNa hai / bAdAmI guphA mandira kI
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________________ 32 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) bAhubalI mUrti to jaTAoM se yukta hai aura zravaNabelagola kI mUrti se bhI prAcIna hai| pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke vibhinna aMkana dekhane ke lAyaka haiM / humacA meM kamaTha ke upasarga sahita, to kahIM-kahIM sahasraphaNa vAlI ye mUtiyA~ mohaka haiM / caturmukhI pASANa-mUrtiyoM kA eka alaga hI AkarSaNa hai / yakSa-yakSiNI kI bhI sundara mUrtiyAM haiN| . paMcadhAtu, aSTadhAtu, sone-cA~dI aura ratnoM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI aneka sthAnoM meM haiN| tADapatroM para likhe gae hajAroM grantha isa pradeza meM haiN| prAcIna dhavala, jayadhavala aura mahAdhavala grantha bhI isI pradeza se hameM prApta hue| jaina aura ajaina rAjAoM kI dhArmika sahiSNatA ke lekha bhI yahAM prApta hote haiN| jaise hampI ke zAsaka kI rAjAjJA / vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke avazeSa yahIM haiN| hanumAna kI kiSkidhA bhI yahIM hai| kundakundAcArya ne jisa parvata se videha-gamana kiyA thA vaha kundAdri bhI yahIM hai| karnATaka meM kaI hajAra zilAlekha batAe jAte haiN| kevala zravaNabelagola meM hI 600 ke lagabhaga zilAlekha haiM / inase jaina rAjAoM aura jaina AcAryoM kI paramparA sthApita karane meM bar3I sahAyatA milI hai| kAjU, kAphI, nAriyala, kAlImirca, supArI, ilAyacI Adi ke sundara vRkSoM se harI-bharI mohaka pahAr3iyAM aura joga jharane (900 phuTa U~ce se girane vAle) paryaTaka ko sahaja hI AkarSita karate haiN| karnATaka meM lagabhaga 200 sthAnoM para jaina, tIrtha mandira yA dhvasta smAraka haiN| yadyapi isa pustaka meM pracura mAtrA meM jaina dhArmika sthAnoM aura purAtAttvika smArakoM kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai, kintu usakA mukhya uddezya tIrthayAtriyoM ke lie eka upayogI nirdezikA prastuta karanA hai / karnATaka kI purAsaMpadA ke aitihAsika mahattva kA bhI kucha digdarzana hai| santoSa kI bAta yaha hai ki karnATaka ke vizvavidyAlayoM aura zodha-saMsthAnoM meM adhyayana aura khoja prayatna jArI haiM / bAvajUda isake koI bhI pustaka aitihAsika sAkSya kI paripUrNatA kA dAvA nahIM kara sktii|
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________________ bIdara mArga aura avasthiti karnATaka ke sabase uttarI chora para bIdara jilA hai / isakA sadara mukAma bIdara zahara hai| yahA~ se kevala ATha kilomITara kI dUrI para Andhrapradeza kI sImA prArambha ho jAtI hai / Andhra se ise jor3ane vAlI sar3aka jahirAbAda hote hue haidarAbAda ko calI jAtI hai| haidarAbAda se jahirAbAda 107 ki. mI. hai aura vahA~ se bIdara 29 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| ___karnATaka ke isa zahara kI sImA mahArASTra ko bhI chUtI hai| eka ora yaha nAMdeDa se Ane vAlI sar3aka dvArA mahArASTra se jur3A huA hai to dUsarI ora bambaI-pUnA se / bambaI kI ora se rASTrIya rAjamArga (nezanala hAIve) kramAMka 9 dvArA bIdara pahu~cane kA mArga isa prakAra haibambaI-pUnA-zolApura-umargA (mahArASTra)-humnAbAda (karnATaka) aura vahA~ se 50 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai bIdara / bambaI-haidarAbAda kI kula dUrI 755 ki. mI. hai| bIdara baMgalora se 669 ki. mI. aura gulabargA se 116 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| bIdara rela dvArA sikandarAbAda aura paralI baijanAtha (vahA~ se parabhaNI hote hue auraMgAbAda) se jur3A huA hai| nikaTatama havAI aDDA haidarAbAda hai| bodara aura samIpavartI kSetra itihAsakAra kisI samaya bIdara kA sambandha prasiddha nala-damayantI AkhyAna ke vidarbha se jor3ate the kintu aba spaSTa ho gayA hai ki bIdara vidarbha nahIM hai| uparyukta nAma kA ullekha mahAbhArata meM vidura nagara ke rUpa meM huA hai, jo ki kannar3a bidura kA saMkSipta rUpa hai, vidvAnoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai / isa zahara kA nAma bidarUru > bIdare se bIdara ho gayA hai| kannar3a meM isakA artha usa sthAna se hai jahA~ bA~sa adhika saMkhyA meM utpanna hote haiN| bIdara aura usake AsapAsa ke pradeza kA ullekha purANoM, kAmasUtra Adi meM kantala (pradeza) ke rUpa meM huA hai / vaise kisI samaya isa pradeza para zAsana karane vAle hoysala, cAlukya Adi rAjAoM ne kuntaleza, kuntalezvara upAdhiyA~ dhAraNa kI thiiN| itihAsa bIdara nAMdeDa se jur3A huA hai| vidvAnoM ne nAMdeDa (nAmaka zahara) kA prAcIna nAma 'navananda deharA' yA 'naunanda deharA' batAyA hai| isakA artha hai nava nanda rAjAoM kA deharA arthAt mandira-sthAna / mandira ke lie rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM deharA zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| nanda
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________________ 2 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) rAjA jaina the| unhoMne yahA~ sundara mandira banavAkara nagara kA nirmANa karAyA hogaa| isI se yaha sthAna 'navananda deharA' kahA jAne lgaa| karnATaka sarakAra dvArA prakAzita bIdara ke gajeTiyara meM isa nAma kA artha 'nanda rAjAoM dvArA zAsita' (ruled by Nandas) diyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki pATaliputra (Adhunika paTanA) ke nanda rAjAoM ne kaliMga (ur3IsA) para vijaya prApta kara dakSiNA-patha para bhI adhikAra kara liyA thaa| isase bhI jaina dharma kA karnATaka meM prasAra candragupta maurya ke muni rUpa meM zravaNabelagola pahu~cane se pahale kA siddha hotA hai| candragupta maurya ne hI to cANakya kI sahAyatA se nanda rAjA kA takhtA palaTa diyA thaa| __nanda-rAjAoM ke bAda yaha pradeza candragupta maurya ke adhikAra meM A gayA thaa| candragupta ke pote azoka ne bhI yahA~ apane mahAmAtya niyukta kiye aura kurnUla, rAyacUra, ballArI tathA citradurga jaise sthAnoM para apane dharmalekha khudvaae| ye sthAna bIdara ke dakSiNa meM haiN| usa samaya kI dhArmika sthiti kA ullekha uparyukta gajeTiyara meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai "una dinoM isa pradeza meM jainadharma aura bauddhadharma mAnane vAloM kI saMkhyA kAfI thii| usa avadhi meM dakSiNa meM prAkRta ko sarakArI kAma-kAja kI bhASA banAyA gayA thA aura usakI yaha sthiti aneka zatAbdiyoM taka banI rhii|"1 ___maurya rAjAoM ke vAda isa pradeza para sAtavAhana (172 IsA pUrva se 203 IsvI) aura vAkATaka rAjAoM (255 IsvI se 510 IsvI) kA zAsana rhaa| unake bAda yaha pradeza rASTakaTa rAjAoM ke adhikAra meM calA gayA jinake yuga meM 'AdipurANa' ke racayitA AcArya jinasena dvitIya aura 'uttarapurANa' ke kartA AcArya guNabhadra hue| gajeTiyara meM kahA gayA hai ki "rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla meM kannar3a sAhitya kI khUba abhivRddhi huI jisameM jaina lekhakoM kA pramukha yogadAna thaa| 'kavirAjamArga' vAvya zAratra kA eka aisA grantha hai jisakA Aja bhI adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai|" kAlAntara meM bIdara kalyANI ke caulukya rAjAoM kI bhUmi kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga bnaa| isa rAjavaMza ne 1074 se 1190 taka isa pradeza para zAsana kiyA thaa| caulukya rAjA bijjala (1156-1167) jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| (kacha vidvAna yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki bijjala zaiva thaa| kintu yadi aisA hotA to vaha vIrazaiva mata ke pracAraka basava ke viruddha qadama nahIM utthaataa|) bAda meM yaha pradeza vAraMgala ke kAkatIya zAsakoM ke adhikAra meM A gyaa| unake bAda isa para dillI ke sulatAna muhammada bina tugalika kA adhikAra ho gyaa| tugalaka ke bAda yaha pradeza gulabargA ke bahamanI zAsakoM ke adhIna calA gyaa| nauveM bahamanI zAsaka ne bIdara ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA; 1. "There was a considerable following of Jainism and Buddhism in this region in those times. Prakrit was introduced as the official language in the Deccan during the period and it continued to hold that position for several centuries more." 2. "The Rastrakuta times witnessed efforescence of Kannada literature at the hands of mainly Jain writers. The Kavirajamarg is a work on poetics and it is even to-day in constant reference (P. 37).
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________________ bIdara / 3 ise aga kile kA punanirmANa karAyA, mahala banavAye aura bagIce lgvaaye| san 1656 meM auraMgajeba ne ne sAmrAjya meM milA liyaa| kisI samaya bahamanI sAmrAjya dakSiNa meM kAMjIvarama, uttarapUrva meM rAjamuMDI aura goA taka phailA huA thaa| vartamAna bIdara eka jilA mukhyAlaya hai| dharatI lAla hai, magara loga sahajasvabhAvI haiN| yaha tIna bhASAoM hindo, marATho aura kannar3a kA saMgama-sthAna hai| yahA~ hindI acchI taraha bolI aura samajhI jAtI hai| candraprabhu digambara jaina mandira yaha nAna isa mandira meM nAgarI lipi meM bhI likhA hai| yaha eka choTA-sA mandira hai jo ki relave sTezana aura basa-sTaiNDa ke pAsa chatrI cauka ke samIpa sTezana-roDa para sthita hai| yaha mandira bahuta purAnA hai aura samaya-samaya para isakA jIrNoddhAra hotA rahA hai| isa mandira meM dasavIM se pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka kI prAcIna pratimAe~ haiN| mandira meM isa samaya mUrtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM-padmAsana candraprabha (saMgamaramara), kAyotsarga padmaprabha (paMcadhAtu), nau phaNoM se yukta padmAsana pArzvanAtha (saMgamaramara), siddha-parameSThI kI dhAtu-pratimA, dhAtu kI hI candraprabha kI pratimA, padmAsana pArzvanAtha kI pratimA jisa para sarpa kA lAMchana hai, eka caubIsI (kAMsya) jo ki kucha ghisa gaI hai aura sambhavataH 15 vIM zatAbdI kI hai / padmAvatI aura kSetrapAla kI bhI pratimAe~ haiN| mandira paMcAyatI hai| yahA~ jainiyoM ke 15 ghara haiN| mandira kA prabandha diga0 jaina mandira paMcamaNDala dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| patA hai-zrI diga0 jaina mandira paMcamaNDala, zAhagaMja, po0bIdara 585401 (krnaattk)| yahA~ Thaharane kI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai| bIdara kA mahattva kisI siddhakSetra yA atizayakSetra ke rUpa meM nahIM hai kintu kamaThAna ke atizayayukta mandira ko jAne ke lie vahI eka mArga hai| kilA aura saMgrahAlaya yahA~ eka qilA hai jo ki dhvasta avasthA meM hai| usameM kAra yA basa dvArA jAyA jA sakatA hai| isake raMgIna mahala gaganamahala, naubatakhAnA aura bAdazAhoM kI kabra dekhane ke lie paryaTaka Ate haiN| vizeSakara lakar3I ke khambhoM para nakkAzI dekhane lAyaka hai| ___ isa kile ke eka burja meM karnATaka daravAz2A bhI hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki zatru para Upara se garama pAnI DAlane kA prabandha bhI isa kile meM thaa| ... kile meM eka saMgrahAlaya (myujiyama) bhI hai| usake bAhara eka digambara jaina mUrti kA dhar3a rakhA huA hai| saMgrahAlaya meM dasavIM zatI kI eka bhavya caubIsI bhI hai, jisake mUla nAyaka haiM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva (dekheM citra kra0 1) / bIdara kArIgarI ke lie bhI prasiddha hai| bIdarI kArya kI vastuoM kI prasiddhi haidarAbAda ke cAramInAra ke AsapAsa ke bAz2Ara meM pratyakSa dekhI jA sakatI hai|
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________________ 4 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kamaThAna : bhUmigata pArzvanAtha mArga aura avasthiti yaha sthAna bIdara se sar3aka mArga dvArA 11 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yaha bIdara jile kA hI eka gA~va hai| 'kamaThAna' kA nAma sunate hI yaha bhASAvaijJAnika sambhAvanA sAmane AtI haiki kahIM prAcIna samaya kA kamaThasthAna hI to ghisa-piTakara kamaThAna nahIM ho gayA ? yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha pratimA aura usakA kucha atizaya isa sambhAvanA ko puSTa karatA jAna par3atA hai| jaina paurANika varNana ke anusAra to, kamaTha ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha para uttarapradeza ke ahicchatra (rAmanagara) meM upasarga kiye the| eka anya dRSTi yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki isa sthAna kA kamaTha se koI sambandha rahA ho yA isa sthAna para bhI usane pArzvaprabhu para upasarga kiyA ho| bhagavAna ne 100 varSa kI Ayu pAyI thI aura 70 varSa muni avasthA meM deza-videza kA bhramaNa kara jaina dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| yaha atyanta sambhava hai ki yahA~ bhI unakA vihAra huA ho| unakA yuga bIte bhI to abhI kula 276 3 varSa hI hue haiM (bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirmANa 2513 varSa pUrva, unase 250 varSa pUrva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA nirmANa-kula 2763 vrss)| isakA artha yaha huA ki baira aura kSamA arthAt kamaTha kA upasarga aura pArzvanAtha kI ananta kSamA 2763+70 (pArzva kA muni-jIvana) =2833 varSoM ke bIca kI kahAnI hai aura isa avadhi meM kamaThasthAna kA kamaThAna ho jAnA koI asambhava bAta nahIM hai / jo bhI ho, isa viSaya meM gambhIra khoja kI AvazyakatA hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira (yaha nAma yahA~ nAgarI lipi meM likhA huA hai) yaha kamaThAna gA~va ke anta meM pIche kI ora sthita hai| vahA~ taka kAra yA basa bhI jA sakatI hai| yaha pattharoM kA banA choTA-sA eka prAcIna mandira hai / mandira ke mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha ardhapadmAsana meM bhUmigata garbhagRha meM virAjamAna haiN| yaha garbhagaha eka caTTAna ke nIce hai| mUrti lagabhaga sAr3he tIna phuTa U~cI hai aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| usa para purAnI kannar3a meM eka lekha bhI hai| mUrti ke prakSAla Adi kA jala garbhagRha kI dIvAla ke sAtha lagI lagabhaga 3 phuTa x 2 phuTa kI eka kuI (choTA kuA) meM giratA hai| usI se abhiSeka ke lie jala bhI liyA jAtA hai / janazruti hai ki isI kuI ke mArga se eka moTA-sA sarpa kabhIkabhI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke sAmane AtA hai aura ghaNTe Adha ghaNTe baiThakara calA jAtA hai| mUrti ke arcaka kA yaha bhI kathana hai ki usane mUrti para hAsya, prasannatA yA zAnti ke bhAva aneka bAra anubhava kiye haiN| isa prakAra yaha prAcIna mUrti atizayayukta mAnI jAtI hai| uparyukta bhUmigata garbhagRha yA caTTAna ke Upara eka sAdhAraNa-sI vedI banI huI hai jisa para padmAsana meM saMgamaramara ke pArzvanAtha virAjamAna haiM / lalitAsana meM dharaNendra kI eka mUrti hai jo ki gyArahavIM sadI kI anumAnita hai| mUrti para nau phaNa haiN|
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________________ kamaThAna : bhUmigata pArzvanAtha | 5 isa mandira kI dIvAloM para citrakArI bhI hai jo aba aspaSTa-sI ho gaI hai| isake citra bhagavAna neminAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita haiN| ratha, sUrya, candra tathA samavasaraNa ke kucha citra aba bhI apane dhuMdhale rUpa meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| mandira meM pradakSiNA-patha bhI hai aura usake bAhara khulA A~gana hai jisake tInoM ora khule barAmadoM ke rUpa meM yAtriyoM ke Thaharane kA sthAna hai| pAsa hI meM rasoI banAne kI bhI jagaha hai| mandira kA zikhara pANDuka-zilA jaisA hai jisameM pA~ca stara haiN| cauthe stara para tIrthaMkaroM kI padmAsana yA kAyotsarga mudrA meM mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| inameM eka mUrti pArzvanAtha kI bhI hai (dekheM citra kra. 2) / zikhara ke Upara (gola) Amalaka hai aura sabase Upara klsh| yahA~ mandira ko 'devala' kahate haiN| mandira acchI hAlata meM hai, usameM dainika pUjana bhI hotI hai kintu usakI vyavasthA yahA~ kevala zeSa bacA eka kama AyavAlA jaina parivAra hI karatA hai| phira bhI, mAgha sudI paMcamI ko yahA~ melA lagatA hai jisameM bIdara Adi sthAnoM ke jaina parivAra sammilita hote haiN| mandira kA ahAtA kAphI bar3A hai / usameM eka cabUtare para munirAja guNakoti ke caraNa haiM jo ki lagabhaga cAra sau varSa prAcona batAye jAte haiN| DaoN. horAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita 'zilAlekha saMgraha' bhAga-1 ke zilAlekha kramAMka 30 para lekha meM yaha ullekha hai ki zravaNabelagola meM AcArya guNa koti ne dehotsarga kiyaa| sambhavata. ye vahI AcArya haiN| . ___ mandira kI isa bhUmi kI rakSA ke lie aba cAradIvArI banAI jA rahI hai jisake lie bhAratavarSIya digambara jainatIrtha kSetra kameTI ne anudAna diyA hai / mandira kI Aya kA sAdhana Ama ke eka per3a ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| yahA~ ke eka mAtra zrAvaka zrI AdinAtha padamannA belakere (po0 kamaThAna) haiN| vartamAna meM mandira kA prabandha eka samiti karatI hai jisake adhyakSa zrI jinendrappA Tikke haiN| patA isa prakAra hai-zrI jinendrappA Tikke, zAhagaMja jaina mandira, po0 bIdara-585 226 (krnaattk)| karnATaka sarakAra dvArA prakAzita bIdara jile ke gajeTiyara meM isa jile ke darzanIya sthAnoM ke vivaraNa meM kamaThAna ke pArzvanAtha mandira ko bhI sammilita kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI hindI bolI evaM samajhI jAtI hai| jaina paryaTakoM ke lie bIdara-kamaThAna ke bAda dUsarA pramukha kendra hai bIjApura / kintu yadi paryaTaka kisI basa yA nijI vAhana se yAtrA kara rahe hoM to unheM bIjApura ke mArga meM yA usake thor3e Asa-pAsa par3ane vAle kucha pramukha jaina kendroM ko bhI dekhate jAnA caahie| humnAbAda bIjApura jAne ke lie sar3aka-mArga gulabargA hokara hai kintu bIca meM bIdara se 50 ki. mI. kI dUrI para humnAbAda sthAna par3atA hai| kisI samaya yaha bhI eka pramukha jaina nagara thaa| yahA~ do mandira the| vartamAna meM eka to dhvasta avasthA meM hai aura dUsarA zrI candraprabhu digambara
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________________ 6 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) jaina mandira (yaha nAma nAgarI meM bhI likhA hai) kahalAtA hai| jisa galI meM yaha mandira hai vaha jaina galI kahalAtI hai| rAstA saMkarA hai| jaina mandira ke bajAya aba yaha mandira saMgIta pAThazAlA adhika kahalAtA hai kyoMki aba isake bAharI bhAga meM upayaMkta pAThazAlA lagatI hai| mandira cAra-pA~ca sau varSa purAnA hai aura patthara kA banA huA hai| vedI sAdhAraNa hai| mandira para zikhara nahIM hai| usameM tIna ora meharAbadAra barAmade haiM aura bIca meM khulA A~gana hai| isameM mUrtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM-saMgamaramara kI lagabhaga do phuTa kI pArzvanAtha mUrti, isI prakAra kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI eka aura mUrti, eka hI phalaka para lagabhaga Der3ha phuTa U~cI pArzva pratimAe~, gomaTezvara kI mUrti tathA mahAvIra evaM eka caubIsI jisake mUlanAyaka candraprabha haiM / eka Ale meM AdinAtha kI mUrti bhI sthApita hai / kSetrapAla aura padmAvatI kI bhI mUrtiyA~ haiN| humnAbAda meM isa samaya kevala eka jaina parivAra raha gayA hai jisake pAsa mandira ke lie Aya kA anya koI sAdhana nahIM hai| bahuta vyathita mana se ve dUsare dhvasta mandira ko bhI dikhAte haiM jo vartamAna mandira ke pAsa hI hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki isa mandira kI kucha pratimAe~ terahavIM zatAbdI kI haiN| humnAbAda ko prAcIna samaya meM jayasiMhapurA kahA jAtA thaa| zAyada ise cau lukya nareza jayasiMha ne basAyA thaa| kalyANI (Adhunika basavakalyANa) mArga evaM avasthiti humnAbAda rASTrIya rAjamArga kra. para 9 sthita hai / yaha rAjamArga haidarAbAda ko pUnAbambaI se jor3atA hai| yadi paryaTakoM kI basa gulavargA kI ora na jAkara isI rAjamArga para humnAbAda se umargA (mahArASTra) kI ora 22 ki. mI. bar3he to use eka tirAhA milegA jahA~ se kalyANI yA basavakalyANa 6 ki. mI. hai| isa sthAna ko kalyANa yA kalyANAbAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| aitihAsika mahattva basavakalyANa jAne vAlI sar3aka ke tirAhe para zahara kI myunisipala kauMsila ne tIna bhASAoM meM eka bar3A-sA borDa lagAyA hai| usameM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| nAgarI lipi meM lekha isa prakAra hai "dekho ! kalyANarUpI jyoti prajvalita hai jisameM bhaktirasarUpI taila hai| cahu~ ora zivaprakAza vyApta hai| zrI allama prabhu kI pAvana-bhUmi kalyANa-zrI akka mahAdevI" "bArahavIM zatAbdI meM jagajjyoti basavezvara ne kalyANa kI puNyabhUmi meM satya, ahiMsA
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________________ kalyANI (basavakalyANa) / 7 aura samatA Adi zreSTha tattvoM kA atyanta prabhAvazAlI zailI se upadeza diyA thaa| 'kAyaka vai kailAsa" arthAt karma hI kailAsa hai| uparyukta udghoSa unakA mUla mantra thA / isa prakAra unhoMne apane se zreSTha tattvajJAna kA mahattva janatA ke mAnasa-paTala para aMkita kiyA thaa| unhoMne zrI rAma kA tyAga, zrIkRSNa kA yoga, mahAvIra kI ahiMsA, baddha ko anukampA, IsAmasIha kA prema aura mahammada paigambara Adi ke mahAna tattvoM ko apane meM samAveza kara liyA thaa| zrI basavezvarajI ke AkarSaka vyaktitva ne asaMkhya zivazaraNoM tathA zivazaraNiyoM ko kalyANa kI pAvana bhUmi ko ora AkarSita kiyA thaa| kalyANa ke anubhavamaNDapa meM prathama basavavAdI pramatha allama prabhu kI adhyakSatA meM anubhava yA vicAra kiyA karate the| pavitra sthAnoM ke darzanArtha svAgata |-ttaaun myunisipala kauMsila' __ isa uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vIrazaiva mata ke saMsthApaka zrI basavezvara ne jaba apanA mata calAyA taba kalyANI meM mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko pAvanadhArA baha rahI thI jise vahA~ ke sammAnanIya nAgarika Aja bhI smaraNa karate haiN| sAtha hI yaha tathya bhI ubharatA hai ki vIrazaiva mata meM bhI mahAvIra ke siddhAnta guMthe hue haiN| zrI basavezvara kalyANI ke caulukyavaMzI jaina rAjA bijjala ke zAsanakAla meM bijjala ke pradhAnamantrI the| sambhavataH ve jaina the yA jainadharma se prabhAvita the| unhoMne apanA nayA pantha calAyA thA jo vIrazaiva mata khlaayaa| caulukya rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI pahale mAnyakheTa (Adhunika malakheDa) meM thii| vahA~ se haTakara unhoMne kalyANI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| dasavIM se bArahavIM sadI ke bIca kalyANI deza kI sabase samRddha, aura sabase sundara nagarI thii| vaha eka jaina sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ vidvAnoM kA bhI jamaghaTa rahA karatA thaa| karnATaka sarakAra kA paryaTana vibhAga bhI kalyANI kA ullekha jaina rAjAoM kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM karatA hai aura paryaTakoM ko usakI ora AkarSita karatA hai / aba bhI vahA~ caulukya rAjAoM dvArA banAyA gayA qilA (muslimoM dvArA kucha parivartita), usake vizAla dvAra tathA qile kI dIvAroM para jaina aura hindU mUrtiyoM ke cihna dekhe jA sakate haiN| yaha kilA bahuta vizAla rahA hogaa| kile meM lakar3I ke bar3e-bar3e khambhe, zahatIra (bImsa) aura una para kI gayI nakkAzI Aja bhI darzanIya hai| uparyukta qile ke andara eka sarakArI saMgrahAlaya bhI hai jisameM dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ saMgRhIta haiM / inakI saMkhyA 15-16 hai| koI tIrthaMkara mUrti khaDgAsana meM khaNDita hai to koI padmAsana meM / koI mastaka vihIna hai to kisI kA nicalA bhAga gAyaba hai| (dekheM citra kra. 3) / kucha mUrtiyA~ samAdhimaraNa kA dRzya aMkita karatI haiM / eka mUrti para nAgakumAra aura usakI patnI kA aMkana hai jo ki sambhavataH dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ho sakate haiN| (dekheM citra kra. 4) / kalyANI meM jainadharma kI smRti dilAne vAlA cau lukyakAlIna eka dhvasta jaina mandira, bAjAra sthita jAmA masajida ke nikaTa mukhya sar3aka ke pAsa kumhAroM kI bastI meM, khaMDahara ke rUpa meM chitarA huA hai|
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________________ 8 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) uparilikhita tirAhe se kalyANI kasbA 5 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| pAsa hI, sarakArI yAtrI-nivAsa (TUrisTa homa) hai| usake bAda, kasbe se pahale eka tAlAba par3atA hai jo ki kAphI baDA hai| usake pAnI para galAbI raMga kI parata-sI ca hI rahatI hai| isa kAraNa yaha bhI eka AkarSaNa kA eka viSaya bana gayA hai| ___ yAtriyoM ko yahA~ basa se hI jAnA par3atA hai aura Thaharane kI vizeSa suvidhA nahIM hai / yAtrI-nivAsa bhI kasbe se 3-4 ki. mI. dUra hai / bambaI-haidarAbAda rAjamArga para kalyANI ke nikaTa ke sthAna sastApura (5 ki. mI.) meM bhI yAtrI-nivAsa kI suvidhA hai| kalyANI yA basavakalyANa ke paryaTana ke bAda paryaTaka ko vApasa humnAbAda lauTanA cAhie aura vahA~ se gulabargA hote hue bIjApura jAnA caahie| yaha kevala sar3aka-mArga kI yAtrA hai| gulabargA mArga aura avasthiti sar3aka-mArga dvArA humnAbAda se gulabargA 60 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ pahu~cane ke lie bIdara yA humnAbAda se karnATaka sarakAra kI ArAmadeha (lakz2arI) baseM bhI upalabdha haiM / yahA~ se baMgalaura 584 ki. mI. hai / basa-sTaiNDa re nave-sTezana ke pAsa hI hai| yaha sthAna madrAsa-bambaI relamArga para bar3I lAina kA sTezana hai aura madhya (seNTrala) relave ke antargata AtA hai| relave sTezana zahara se kucha dUra par3atA hai| ____ gulabargA jile kA mukhyAlaya gulavargA hI hai aura sar3aka tathA relamArga dvArA vibhinna sthAnoM se jur3A huA hai| ___ gulabargA kA prAcIna nAma kalaburgI hai| kannar3a bhASA meM isakA artha hotA hai-'patyaroM vAlI jamIna' yA 'pattharoM kI chatoM vAlA sthAna' yA 'pattharoM kA Dhera' / saSTa hai ki yaha sthAna aura usake AsapAsa kA bhUbhAga patharIlA hai tathA yahA~ ke makAna adhikAMzataH pattharoM ke haiN| ___yahA~ hindI, marAThI aura kannar3a bolI tathA samajhI jAtI hai| jaina tIrthayAtrA kI dRSTi se gulabargA kA mahattva nahIM hai kintu jaina sAhitya ko dRSTi se isa z2ile kA bahuta mahattva hai| isa jile ke malakheDa (prAcIna mAnyakheTa), seDama, hunasI, ayanUra (Adhunika afajalapura), baMkura, gogI, harasura, huMcAlige, malli, iMgalige Adi sthAnoM meM dhvasta prAcIna jinAlaya evaM mUrtiyA~ Adi pAI jAtI haiN| unheM dekhate hue yaha nizcita hai ki kisI samaya yA kama-se-kama rASTrakUTa zAsakoM ke samaya (IsA kI nauvIM zatAbdI) meM yaha sthAna jaina-dharma kA eka pramukha kendra rahA hogaa| gulabargA meM mahAvIra cauka meM eka digambara jaina mandira hai| nagara meM isa samaya karIba 100 digambara jaina parivAra haiM / isI prakAra kirAnA bAz2Ara meM eka zvetAmbara jaina mandira hai aura yahA~ 40 ke lagabhaga zvetAmbara jaina parivAra haiM /
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________________ gulabargA /9 saMgrahAlaya paryaTaka kI dRSTi se yA jaina mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se yahA~ kA saMgrahAlaya (myUz2iyama) dekhane lAyaka hai jo ki seDama roDa para aspatAla ke sAmane do gumbaz2oM meM hai| yahA~ kI mUrtikalA (sculpture) gailarI meM jaina pratimAoM kA acchA saMgraha hai| eka phalaka para Upara tIrthaMkara prati hai aura usake nIce eka upadezakartA pradarzita hai| isI prakAra lagabhaga tIna phuTa kI 10vIM zatAbdI kI eka padmAsana pratimA hai jisa para sAta phaNa haiM kintu usake kandhoM para kezaguccha dikhAyA gayA hai (dekheM citra kramAMka 5) / kezoM ko isa prakAra kI laTeM vAstava meM bhagavAna AdinAtha ke kandhoM para citrita kI jAtI haiN| uparyukta saMgrahAlaya kI adhikAMza pratimAe~ khaNDita haiM, aneka sthAnoM se saMgrahIta kI gaI haiM aura 8vIM se lekara / 1vIM zatAbdI taka kI haiN| tIrthaMkaroM meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimAe~ hI adhika haiM / mUrtiyA~ kamalAsana para, stambhoM se yukta meharAba vAlI tathA donoM ora makara se citrita (makara-toraNa) evaM kIrtimukhayukta haiN| caMvaradhArI bhI pradarzita haiM jo ki tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora khar3e hue dikhAe gae haiN| adhikAMza pratimAe~ do phuTa se lekara cAra phuTa taka kI haiM / eka khaNDita brahmayakSa (11vIM sadI) bhI isa saMgrahAlaya meM hai / usake cAroM hAtha TUTe hue haiM aura usake sira ke Upara eka padmAsana tIrthaMkaramUrti hai| eka nAgaphalaka bhI kucha asAmAnya hai| usa para nAga ke sAta pa.Na dikhAe gaye haiM jo ki pArzvanAtha ke yakSa dharaNendra ke pratIka ho sakate haiN| usameM dAyeM tarafa pArzvanAtha kI AkRti hai aura nIce padmAvatI kii| dUsarI ora eka choTA-sA sarpa utkIrNa hai| yadi paryaTaka apane vAhana yA basa se gulabargA hote hue yAtrA kara rahA hai to use yaha saMgrahAlaya avazya dekhanA caahie| yaha subaha ATha se dopahara eka baje taka khulA rahatA hai| rASTrakUTa zAsana-kAla ke atirikta, bahamanI zAsakoM ke yuga meM bhI gulabargA eka mahattvapUrNa rAjadhAnI rahA hai / use yaha gaurava lagabhaga 200 varSoM taka prApta rahA / usake bAda bahamanI zAsakoM ne bIdara ko apanI rAjadhAnI banA liyaa| usake bAda kI, isa nagara kI kahAnI mUgaloM aura nijAmI zAsana ke antargata AtI hai| vaise yahA~ kA qilA bhI darzanIya hai| usameM 15 burje haiM aura 25 se bhI adhika topeM haiN| eka topa to paccIsa phuTa lambI hai| yahA~ aneka masajideM dikhAI detI haiN| malakheDa (prAcIna mAnyakheTa) avasthiti evaM mArga gulabargA ke samIpa hI seDama (Sedan) tAluka meM eka aura mahattvapUrNa prAcIna jaina kendra hai-malakheDa / yadi Apa isa sthAna ko pracalita nakze meM DhUMDhege to vaha nahIM milegA kyoMki yaha aba serama/seDaka tAluka (tahasola) meM kaganA (Kagna) nadI ke kinAre basA huA
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________________ 10 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) choTA-sA, bahuta thor3I AbAdI vAlA eka gA~va hai| yaha gulabargA se sar3akamArga dvArA lagabhaga 35 ki. mI. kI dUrI para gulavargA-seDama mArga para sthita hai| ___madhya relave kI bar3I lAina ke vAr3I-sikandarAbAda relamArga para 'malakheDa roDa' nAma kA eka choTA-sA relave sTezana hai jahA~ se yaha sthAna lagabhaga chaha ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| aitihAsika mahattva yaha viDambanA hI hai ki jaina dharmAnuyAyI rASTrakUTa rAjAoM kI yaha rAjadhAnI aba eka grAma mAtra raha gayI hai| rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ne yahA~ 753 IsvI se lagabhaga 200 varSoM taka rAjya kiyA thaa| dakSiNa (Deccan) ke isa rAjya ne apane utkarSa kAla meM isa pradeza ke itihAsa meM vaisI hI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI thI jaisI ki 17vIM zatAbdI meM marahaThoM ne / isa vaMza kA sabase prabhAvazAlI rAjA amoghavarSa (814-878) huA hai| usane isa rAjadhAnI kA vistAra karate hue aneka mahala aura udyAna evaM darga banavAe the| bhagna kile aba bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| ina do sau varSoM kI avadhi meM mAnyakheTa jainadharma kA eka pramukha kendra thaa| usa yuga kI pASANa aura kAMsyamUrtiyA~ Aja bhI yahA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| kSetra-darzana malakheDa grAma meM 'neminAtha basadi' nAmaka eka jaina mandira hai jo ki 9vIM zatAbdI kA batAyA jAtA hai| isake stambhoM para manalubhAne vAlI nakkAzI hai aura 9vIM se lekara 11vIM zatAbdI taka kI aneka jina-pratimAe~ haiM jinakI U~cAI Der3ha phuTa se lekara pA~ca phuTa taka hai| kacha pratimAoM ke Asana khaNDita haiM / jaina tIrthaMkara. caubIsI. nandIzvara dvIpa, yakSI Adi kI saMkhyA lagabhaga / 5 hai| inameM se kucha pramukha kI yahA~ carcA kI jaaegii| isa mandira meM kAMsya kA eka kSatigrasta choTA-sA mandira hai| usake cAra staroM para 24 (12 + 6+5+1) tIrthaMkara evaM anya AkRtiyA~ cAroM ora haiM jinakI kula saMkhyA 96 ho jAtI hai jo ki sAmAnyataH anya sthAnoM para nahIM pAI jAtI (dekheM citra kra. 6) / yaha mandira 11vIM-13vIM sadI kA aura lagabhaga Der3ha phuTa U~cA hai| isI prakAra nandIzvara dvIpa bhI hai jisa para cAroM ora 13 tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM utkIrNa haiN| uparyukta basadi meM kAMsya kI hI eka caturdazikA (14 tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~) hai| isake malanAyaka bIsaveM tIrthaMkara manisavratanAtha haiM jo ki kAyotsarga madrA meM haiN| zeSa 13 tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM unake donoM ora haiM / toraNa para kIrtimukha hai aura tIna chatra haiN| mRdaMgavAdaka bhI citrita haiM / nIce kI ora yakSa-pakSI haiN| caudaha tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA isa prakAra mAnI jA sakatI hai-bharatakSetra ke pA~ca, airAvatakSetra ke pA~ca aura jambUdvIpa ke videhakSetra ke cAra, isa prakAra kala 14 tiirthkr| ___ ambikA kI bhI yahA~ eka sundara mUrti hai| yaha devI AmravRkSa ke nIce sukhAsana meM dikhAI gaI hai| usake hAtha meM Ama aura bijaurA haiM / bAla kandhoM para laharA rahe haiM / usake
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________________ malakheDa (prAcIna mAnyakheTa) / 1i pAsa priyaMkara aura zubhaMkara bhI utkIrNa haiM / lagabhaga DhAI phuTa U~cI yaha mUrti nauvIM zatAbdI kI batAI jAtI hai| jaina sAhitya kA kendra ___saMskRta, apabhraMza aura kannar3a sAhitya kI dRSTi se malakheDa (mAnyakheTa) kA atyanta sammAnanIya sthAna hai| rAjA anovavarSa prathama kA eka nAma nRpatuMga bhI thaa| usane svayaM saMskRta meM 'praznottara ratnamAlikA' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thI jisakA viSaya naitika AcAra thaa| yaha grantha dUra-dUra taka kAphI lokapriya huaa| kahA jAtA hai ki isakA anuvAda tibbatI bhASA meM bhI huA thaa| isI se isa rAjA kI vidvattA evaM lokapriyatA tathA prabhutA kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa racanA ke antima chanda se patA calatA hai ki rAjA amoghavarSa ne rAjapATa tyAga kara munidIkSA le lI thii| prasiddha 'zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa' para bhI inhoMne amoghavRtti nAmaka TIkA likhI thI aisA isa TIkA ke nAma se prakaTa hotA hai, yA yaha TIkA inake nAma se prasiddha huii| - amoghavarSa ke zAsanakAla meM hI mahAvIrAcArya ne apane 'gaNitasAra' grantha kI racanA kI thii| kannar3a bhASA meM amoghavarSa ne 'kavirAjamA nAmaka alaMkArazAstra/chandazAstra sambandhI grantha kA praNayana kiyA thaa| yaha grantha Aja bhI kannar3a meM eka sandarbha-grantha hai| isameM kAnar3I pradeza kA, jo ki godAvarI se lekara kAverI nadI taka phailA huA thA, prasaMgopAtta sundara varNana hai| isase isa pradeza kI tatkAlIna saMskRti kA bhI acchA paricaya milatA hai| rASTrakUTa narezoM ke zAsanakAla meM jaina sAhitya kI ullekhanIya vRddhi nirantara hotI rhii| amoghavarSa ke uttarAdhikArI kRSNa dvitIya ke rAjakAla meM 'uttarapurANa' kI samApti baMkApura (karnATaka) meM huii| vahA~ usa samaya rASTrakUTanareza kA sAmanta lokAditya zAsana karatA thaa| yaha 'uttarapurANa' usI 'AdipurANa' kA antima bhAga hai jise AcArya jinasena 42 adhyAyoM taka hI pUrA kara pAye the aura jisameM bhagavAna AdinAtha ke jIvana kA sundara kAvyamaya varNana bahuta vistAra ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai aura jisakI vinaya evaM jisakA svAdhyAya Aja bhI lagabhaga hara jaina mandira meM hotA hai| 'uttarapurANa' meM zeSa teIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kA varNana unake ziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne kiyA hai| 'uttarapurANa' kI prazasti meM guNabhadrAcArya ne likhA hai ki rAjA amoghavarSa AdipurANa ke racayitA AcArya jinasena dvitIya ke caraNoM kI pUjA kiyA karate the| rASTrakUTanareza kRSNarAjadeva ke zAsanakAla meM AcArya somadeva sUri ne apane saMskRta gadyapadya mizrita grantha 'yazastilaka-campa' (samAptikAla 959 I0) kI racanA gaMgadhArA nAmaka sthAna para kI thii| isameM mahArAja yazodhara kA caritra varNita hai| kannar3a sAhitya ke 'kavicakravartI' ponna mahAkavi ne mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTanareza kRSNa
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________________ 12 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) tRtIya (939-967 I0) ke zAsanakAla meM kannaDa bhASA meM 'zAntipurANa' (zAntinAtha kA jIvana carita) kI racanA kI thii| kannaDa bhASA ke tIna sarvazreSTha grantha haiM--pahalA pampa kavi kA 'Adi purANa', dUsarA ranna kavi kA 'ajitapurANa' aura tIsarA kavi ponta kA 'zAntipurANa' / apanI zreSTha upamAoM ke kAraNa kavi ponna ko kannar3a sAhitya meM vahI sthAna prApta hai jo ki saMskRta sAhitya meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ko| apabhraMza sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI mAnyakheTa yA rASTrakUTa zAsana-kAla pIche nahIM rahA, yA yoM kaheM ki agraNI rahA / prasiddha apabhraMza mahAkavi pUSpadanta ne apanI apabhraza amara racanA 'mahApurANa' (tisa TThi mahApurisaguNAlaMkAru-tresaTha mahApuruSoM ke guNoM kA varNana, jo hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita hai) kA praNayana isI kAla meM kiyA thaa| .. isa mahAkavi ne mAnyakheTa ko naSTa hote dekhA thaa| isa sambandha meM prastuta hai-DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ko pustaka 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna' se eka uddharaNa : "saMvat 1029 ke lagabhaga jaba dhArA ke paramAravaMzI rAjA harSadeva ke dvArA mAnyakheTa nagarI lUTI aura jalAI gaI, taba mahAkavi pUSpadanta ke mukha se haThAt nikala par3A ki 'jo mAnyakheTa nagara donoM aura anAthoM kA dhana thA, sadaiva bahujanapUrNa aura puSpita udyAna-vanoM se suzobhita hote hue aisA sundara thA ki vaha indrapurI kI zobhA ko bhI phokA kara detA thA, vaha jaba dhArAnAtha ko kopAgni se dagdha ho gayA taba, aba puSpadanta kavi kahA~ nivAsa kre|" (apabhraMza mahApurANa, sandhi 50) mahAkavi puSpadanta kI do aura mahattvapUrNa racanAe~ haiM-'jAyakumAra cariu' (nAgakumAra carita) aura 'jasahara cariu' (yazodhara crit)| mAnyakheTa meM isa avadhi meM bhI itanI sundara evaM vizAla racanAe~ mahAkavi puSpadanta dvArA prastuta kiyA jAnA yaha siddha karatA hai ki unake samaya meM mAnyakheTa tathA usake AsapAsa ke kSetra meM apabhraMza kA vyApaka pracAra aura paThana-pAThana thaa| yadi koI yaha kahe ki apabhraMza unhoMne uttara bhArata ke kisI sthAna para sIkhI hogI to use yaha bhI socanA cAhie ki unakI racanAoM ke pAThaka to unake hI kSetra ke rahe hoMge aura unakI samajha ke bAhara kI bhASA meM ve apanI racanAe~ kyoM prastuta karate? zravaNabelagola ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra, rASTrakUTanareza indrarAja caturtha ne rAjapATa tyAgakara muniveza dhAraNa kiyA thA aura samAdhimaraNapUrvaka candragiri (zravaNabelagola) para apanI deha tyAgI thii| lagabhaga do sau varSoM taka jainadharma, darzana, AcAra aura saMskRta, apabhraza tathA kannaDa kI yaha 'sAhityaka evaM dArzanika rAjadhAnI' aba sikur3akara kevala eka grAma raha gaI hai, yahI viSAda kA viSaya hai| yadi malakheDa kI yAtrA kI hI jAtI hai to paryaTaka ko agale paryaTaka-sthala bIjApura kI ora prasthAna karane ke lie vApasa gulabargA lauTa AnA caahie|
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________________ bIjApura | 13 jevargI gulabargA se bIjApura ke mArga meM 39 ki. mI. kI dUrI para jevargI nAmaka sthAna par3atA hai / yadyapi tIrthayAtrI yA paryaTaka kI daSTi se isakA AkarSaNa nahIM hai, kintu yadi kisI ko bIca meM devadarzana kI AvazyakatA par3e to vaha yahA~ kI zAntinAtha basadi meM darzana kara sakatA hai| isa mandira ke lie eka galI meM mukhya sar3aka se sIdhA mArga pulisa sTezana hokara jAtA hai| mandira eka sAdhAraNa bhavana jAna par3atA hai, patthara kA banA hai, usa para zikhara nahIM hai| mandira meM zAntinAtha kI kAyotsarga pratimA (lagabhaga 4 phuTa), pArzvanAtha ko do kAMsya pratimAe~, supArzvanAtha, zAntinAtha aura kunthunAtha kI kAyotsarga pratimAe~ haiN| ghor3e para savAra brahmayakSa kI bhI pratimA hai| padmAvatI kI eka khaNDita pratimA ke hAtha meM nAgadaNDa hai (dekheM citra kra. 7) / paMcaparameSThI kI bhI eka pratimA hai| yahA~ lalitAsana meM eka aura jaina devo ko mUrti pratIta hotI hai jisakA sthAnIya nAma 'kAlammA' hai| usake hAtha meM khaDga aura gadA hai tathA varadamudrA hai| gulabargA jile ke anya sthAnoM para jaina mandira gulabargA jile meM aneka sthAnoM para jaina mandira yA basadiyA~ haiM / yathA--alaMda (pAva basadi), asura (zAhapura tAluka-dhvasta mandira), athanUra (aphajalapura-dhvasta candranAtha basadi), baMkura (citapura tAluka-zAntinAtha basadi), gogI (jevargI tAluka-pArzva basadi), harasura (ciMcolI tAluka-paMcakUTa basadi), huMcAlige (aphajalapura tAluka-pArzva basadi), iMgalige (vAr3I sTezana ke pAsa-dhvasta mandira), kalagI (ciMcolI tAluka-trikUTa basadi), kalagerI (jevargI tAluka-dhvasta mandira), malagaTTI (citapura tAluka-AdinAtha basadi), malli (jevargo tAluka-malli jinAlaya), nagai (citapura tAluka-nagai basadi), seDama (zAntinAtha basadi), ziravAla (zAhapura tAluka-paMcagupa siddhezvara nAmaka jaina mandira), sirabhAga (gulabargA tAluka -dhvasta jaina mandira), taDakala (alaMda tAluka-pArzvanAtha basadi), yAdagiri (yAdagiri tAluka --mahAvIra bsdi)| uparyukta sUcI se yaha spaSTa hogA ki gulabargA jile ke gA~va-gA~va meM jaina dharma kA pracAra thA aura vahA~ aba bhI bahuta se sthAnoM meM jaina mandira yA unake avazeSa vidyamAna haiN| bIjApura (dakSiNa kA AgarA) avasthiti aura mArga gulabargA se sar3aka-mArga dvArA bIjApura kA yAtrAkrama isa prakAra hai-gulabargA se jevargI 39 ki. mI., jevargI se siMdagI (Sindgi) 45 ki. mI., siMdagI se hipparagI (Hippargi) 23 ki. mI. aura vahA~ se bIjApura 37 ki.mii.|
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________________ 14 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) bIjApura rASTrIya rAjamArga kramAMka 13 para sthita hai| yaha rAjamArga eka ora zolApura ko jor3atA hai jo ki rAjamArga kra. 9 para sthita hai, to dUsarI ora yaha baMgalora ko bIjApura se jor3atA hai| bIjApura se zolApura 101 ki. mI. hai aura baMgalora 579 ki. mii.| yahA~ se belagA~va, baMgalora Adi sthAnoM ke lie sarakArI ArAmadeha baseM bhI calatI haiN| baMgalora-hubalI-zolApura choTI lAina (mITara geja) para bIjApura dakSiNa-madhya (sAuthasenTrala) relave kA eka pramukha relave-sTezana hai| yahA~ Ane vAlI lagabhaga sabhI relagAr3iyA~ zolApura se hubalI taka calatI haiN| kevala golagumbaja eksapresa zolApura se baMgalora taka (hubalI hote hue) calatI hai| relamArga dvArA bIjApura se zolApura 110 ki.mI. hai aura baMgalora 712 ki.mI. hai| ___ bhArata sarakAra aura karnATaka sarakAra dvArA bahuvijJApita bIjApura apanI gola gumbada ke lie eka atyanta AkarSaka evaM vismayakArI paryaTaka kendra hai| bIjApura kA prAcIna nAma vijayapura thA jisakA ullekha sAtavIM sadI ke eka stambha evaM gyArahavIM sadI ke 'mallinAtha purANa' meM milatA hai| kannar3a meM Aja bhI ise vIjApura (Vijapur) hI kahA jAtA hai| jaina paryaTakoM ko bhI yahA~ kI yAtrA, anya darzanIya sthAnoM ke lie bhI, avazya karanI caahie| ve yahA~ yaha dekha sakate hai ki yahA~ kA sundara evaM vizAla jaina mandira masjida ke rUpa meM pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM parivartita kara diyA gyaa| usakA nayA nAma karImuddIna yA purAnI masjida hai jo ki ArakilA (Arkilla) meM sthita hai| usake eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha eka jaina mandira thA aura use eka yAdava rAjA ne bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| yaha masjida Anandamahala se lagabhaga 200 gaja kI dUrI para hai| isameM stambhoM para rakhe gae chata ke pASANa sImeNTa jaisI kisI cIz2a se jur3e nahIM jAna pdd'te| jaina mandira vartamAna meM, bIjApura meM do digambara jaina mandira haiM / zahara kA eka mandira AdinAtha mandira hai jo ki prAcIna hai| zahara ke kendra meM aura basa-sTaiNDa se kucha dUrI para mukhya mArga (mahAtmA gAMdhI roDa) ke bIcoM-bIca (bAz2Ara ke pAsa) gA~dhI jI kI eka mUrti hai, usake Age nAriyala bAz2Ara hai, usase Age mahAvIra roDa aura vahIM hai rAmagalI jahA~ ki yaha mandira sthita hai| isa jaina mandira ke ThIka sAmane hI rAma mandira bhI hai jo ki vahA~ pahu~cane ke lie eka pahacAna-cihna kA kAma karatA hai| AdinAtha mandira anya makAnoM ke sAtha paMkti meM lagA hone ke kAraNa bAhara se eka sAdhAraNa timaz2ilA makAna lagatA hai| spaSTa hai ki usakA sAmane kA eva kucha anya bhAga phira se banAyA gayA hai / andara garbhagRha patthara kA hai| vedI sAdhAraNa hai| usake sAmane ke haoNla kI chata lakar3I kI hai / stambha bhI lakar3I ke haiM / mandira meM gyArahavIM sadI se lekara bIsavIM sadI taka kI pratimAe~ haiN| saMgamaramara kI pIche kuMDalI vAlI saptaphaNI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA
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________________ / 15 (lagabhaga Der3ha phuTa ) gyArahavIM sadI kI hai / gola Asana para bAhubalI kI sAta iMca ke lagabhaga, latAoM ke spaSTa aMkana se yukta pratimA terahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| do ardhapadmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ pandrahavIM aura solahavIM sadI kI haiN| do paMkti ke nAgarI lekhayukta lagabhaga do phuTa OM anAtha kI eka pratimA bIsavIM zatAbdI kI hai / isI prakAra eka paMkti ke lekhavAlI saptapaNI pratimA pArzvanAtha kI hai kintu vaha sarpakuNDalI rahita hai / daragA ke sahasraphaNI pArzvanAtha yahA~ se paryaTaka ko eka atizayayukta pratimA ke mandira kI ora bar3hanA hai / isa mandira kA nAgarI lipi meM nAma likhA hai 'zrI 1008 sahasraphaNI pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira, daragA (bIjApura)' / kaTTarapanthI dharmAndhoM ke AkramaNa se bacAne ke lie ise z2amIna meM dabA diyA gayA thaa| abhI kucha hI varSoM pUrva hI ise nikAlA gayA hai| isakI racanA se bhI isakA prAcIna honA siddha hotA hai / jaina mandira ko DhUMr3ha nikAlanA kabhI-kabhI muzkila kAma hotA hai / isa mandira ke sAtha bhI kucha aisA hI huA hai / isa kAraNa yahA~ usakA mArga diyA jA rahA hai / mahAtmA gAMdhI roDa para gAMdhI cauka sabhI jAnate haiM / vahA~ se AjAda roDa, candApurI roDa / isake bAda mulagasI agasI nAmaka qile ke phATaka jaisA eka geTa AtA hai / usake bAhara gA~va jaisA muhallA hai / usase lagabhaga eka kilomITara kI dUrI para jela hai aura vahA~ se phira eka kilomITara kI dUrI para eka choTA gA~va jaisA hai jo ki 'daragA' kahalAtA hai / yaha sthAna zahara se lagabhaga tIna kilo mITara kI dUrI para hai / yahIM yaha mandira sthita hai / uparyukta mandira meM kAle pASANa kI lagabhaga 5 phuTa U~cI eka hajAra phaNoMvAlI pArzvanAtha kI eka bar3I atizayapUrNa pratimA hai (dekheM citra kra. 8 ) / usakI vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki sarpaphaNa meM dUdha DAlane se sabhI phaNoM meM dUdha baha nikalatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha mUrti jamIna se nikalI thI / isI mUrti vAle koSTha meM saMgamaramara kI lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI eka caubIsI bhI hai jisake mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha haiM / isI taraha kI eka aura pratimA bhI hai| dUsare koSTha meM kAle pASANa kI padmAsana pArzvanAtha pratimA hai / isI prakAra kAle pASANa kI hI mahAvIra svAmI kI padmAsana pratimA 5 phuTa U~cI hai / ye pratimAe~ dasavIM, caudahavIM aura pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI batAI jAtI haiM / sAta phaNoM vAlI pArzvanAtha pratimA ke keza bhI dikhAe gae haiM / koSTha meharAbadAra haiM aura pASANa ke haiM / dUsare koSTha meM jAne ke lie lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cA choTA daravAjA hai / muslima zailI kA eka choTA-sA zikhara bhI isa mandira para hai / mandira ke Asa-pAsa koI bhI jaina parivAra nahIM rahatA hai| mandira meM subaha 9 se 10 baje taka pUjana hotI hai aura usake bAda usakA daravAjA banda kara diyA jAtA hai / mandira ke cAroM ora parakoTA hai / saMgrahAlaya bIjApura meM bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga kA eka saMgrahAlaya bhI hai jo ki gola
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________________ 16 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) gumbada ke ahAte meM nakkArakhAne meM sthita hai| isa bhavana ke bAda gola gumbada hai / saMgrahAlaya meM saptaphaNayukta lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA hai jisameM kuNDalI kandhoM taka AI hai (dekheM citra kramAMka 9) / lagabhaga sAr3he cAra phuTa U~cI eka anya pratimA ke phaNa TUTe hue haiM / gyArahavIM sadI kI pA~ca phuTa U~cI eka kAyotsarga pArzvanAtha pratimA para kevala pA~ca phaNa hI haiN| isI sadI ko eka ora saptaphago pA~ca phuTa U~cI pArzva pratimA hai| pradarzana-peTI (zo kesa) meM eka se Der3ha phuTa U~cI tIna pratimAe~ pradarzita haiM / tIsarI vIthI meM aneka zilAlekha haiM / yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki 'mallinAtha purANa' ke racayitA abhinava paMpa ne, yahA~, isI zahara meM mallinAtha-jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| bAz2Ara ke pAsa hI esa. esa. roDa para eka darzanIya svetAmbara mandira bhI hai| bIjApura meM lagabhaga 40 digambara jaina parivAra haiN| Thaharane ke lie koI jaina dharmazAlA nahIM hai| bIjApura jaina sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha nagara kannar3a ke mahAkavi pampa kI janmabhUmi hai jo ki apanI 'pamparAmAyaNa' aura 'mallinAtha purANa' kRtiyoM ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya evaM kannar3a bhASA meM amara ho gaye haiM aura Aja bhI jinakA nAma sAhityikoM dvArA bar3e Adara se liyA jAtA hai| loga inheM 'abhinava pampa' kahate the / vaise unakA nAma nAgacandra thA / isI prakAra unakI rAmAyaNa kA nAma 'rAmacandracaritapurANa' hai| bIjApura se 25 ki. mI. kI dUrI para eka sthAna bAbAnagara ke nAma se batAyA jAtA hai| bIjApura se 20 ki.mI. kI dUrI para tivakoTA hai aura vahA~ se 5 ki.mI. para yaha nagara hai| lekhaka ko isa sthAna ke eka vIrazaiva bhakta ne batAyA ki vahA~ eka aisI jaina mati hai jise saI kI noka chuA dene para (pUjA ke bAda) vaha noMka sone kI ho jAtI thii| kAlAntara meM usakA durupayoga haA aura atizaya banda ho gyaa| yahAM kA mandira sAdhAraNa hai| yahA~ hare raMga ke pASANa kI DeDa phaTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI eka AkarSaka pratimA hai| phAlgana kI amAvasyA ko yahA~ rathotsava hotA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki usa dina abhiSeka ke lie 24 mIla dUra kRSNA nadI se jala lAyA jAtA hai| eka darzanIya sthala rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya stara para bIjApura kI prasiddhi vahA~ sthita gola gumbada ke kAraNa hai| roma sthita seMTa pITara kI gumbada (vyAsa 45 mITara) ke bAda, jo ki vizva kI sabase bar3I gumbada hai, yaha vizva kI dUsarI sabase bar3I gumbada hai| isakA vyAsa 40 mITara hai| itane vizAla haoNla meM Upara kI chata ko sahArA dene ke lie eka bhI stambha nahIM hai| isakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA 'phusaphusAhaTa gailarI' (Whispering gallery) hai| yaha gailarI pharza se 109 phuTa U~cI hai aura dIvAloM se 11 phuTa Age nikalI huI hai| jaba isa haoNla meM Apa praveza karate haiM to Apake pairoM kI AvAz2a kI z2ora kI pratidhvani isa gailarI meM hotI hai / yahA~ hara samaya itanI bhIr3a yA apanI AvAz2a kI pratidhvani sunane vAloM kI itanI saMkhyA hotI hai ki Apako
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________________ bIjApura / 17 isakA avasara hI nahIM miltaa| phira bhI, isa gailarI meM Upara jAkara loga apanI AvAz2a kI gUMja sunate haiM / cAlIsa mITara vyAsa kI isa gumbada meM yadi Apa eka ora khar3e ho jAe~ aura dIvAla kI ora muMha karake dhIre se bhI boleM to ApakI bAta dUsaro ora sunI jA sakatI hai aura apanI hI AvAz2a kI gUMja se Apako aisA lagegA ki koI ApakI bAta kA uttara de rahA hai| isa gailarI meM phusaphusAhaTa yA kAgaz2a kI khar3akhar3a bhI bAraha vAra gUMjatI hai| loga use sunane ke lie tAlI bajAte haiM yA sITI bajAte haiM yA khA~sate haiM aura Azcarya se abhibhUta hokara lauTa jAte haiN| kiso bho bhavana meM zra vaga-vyavasthA (Acoustics) kA yaha eka adbhuta camatkAra aise samaya (17vIM zatI meM) nirmita haA jaba vijJAna itanA unnata nahIM thaa| isakI sAta maz2iloM vAlI mInAreM evaM anya kalAkArI bhI paryaTaka ko mugdha karatI haiN| aura yaha gambada hai kyA ? muhammada AdilazAha (1627-56) kA makabarA / isa sultAna ne gaddI para baiThate hI ise banavAnA prArambha kara diyA thaa| kintu isakI sAja-sajjA pUrI hone ke pahale hI usakA antakAla ho gayA / gumbada meM lakar3I kA jo maNDapa hai, usake nIce jamIna ke andara use daphanAyA gayA hai| usI ke pAsa usakI begama aura beTI kI kabra bhI haiM / isa gumbada ke kAraNa hI bIjApura ko dakSiNa kA AgarA kahA jAtA hai| gola gumbada bIjApura relave sTezana se lagabhaga do phAMga kI dUrI para hai aura usake sAmane kI sar3aka sTezana-roDa kahalAtI hai jo ki sIdhI gA~dhI cauka kI ora jAtI hai| gA~dhI cauka aura gola gumbada ke bIca kAMgresa bhavana par3atA hai / vahIM basavezvara kI mUrti ghor3e para hai| yahIM DI.so. kampAuNDa aura karnATaka sarakAra kA AdilazAhI hoTala hai| ina sabhI ke pAsa eka prasiddha imArata gaganamahala hai jahA~ solahavIM zatAbdI meM alI AdilazAha apanI prajA kI zikAyateM sunA karatA thaa| aura isI mahala ke pIche Anandamahala roDa para hai-eka purAnI masjida karImuddIna msjid| kisI samaya yaha eka vizAla jaina mandira thA aura sambhavataH do-maMjila / isake vizAla haoNla meM aneka stambha haiN| eka-eka paMkti meM dasa bar3e stambha haiM aura isa prakAra kI pA~ca paMktiyA~ spaSTa dikhAI detI haiN| isa samaya yaha purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai| gaganamahala eka qilA hai| usI ke bhItara eka jalamandira hai jo ki lagabhaga 35 phaTa caur3A aura 35 phuTa lambA tathA lagabhaga bAraha phuTa gaharA hai| usameM bAhara kI ora kamala, tArA Adi kI sundara citrakArI hai| ise jalasthita caumukhA (jisameM pratimA cAroM ora se dekhI jA sakatI hai) mandira kahane ko jI karatA hai / yaha patthara kA banA huA hai| isa mandira ke cAroM ora ATha-dasa phuTa caur3I (bAraha phuTa gaharI khAI hai jisameM kisI samaya pAnI bharA rahatA hogA / kintu usameM pAnI bharane ke lie nAlI yA pAipa kI vyavasthA usakI racanA meM kahIM bhI naz2ara nahIM aayii| yaha bhI nahIM mAlUma par3atA ki mandira meM jIne kI kyA vyavasthA thii| isakA itihAsa jJAta nahIM ho sakA / jaina mandira ke samIpa hone tathA Aja bhI jalamandira ke nAma se hI prasiddha hone ke kAraNa yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki kyA yaha bhI dhvasta yA aprayukta jinamandira to nahIM hai ? jo bhI ho, isa viSaya meM zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| kAMgresa bhavana ke sAmane hI bArA (bAraha) kamAna haiN| ye itane U~ce, caur3e aura vizAla
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________________ 18 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) haiM ki inheM avazya dekhanA caahie| zAyada koI bhavana adhUrA hI raha gyaa| bIjApura kI eka anya prasiddha imArata hai ibrAhIma roz2A / yaha eka makabarA hai aura isameM kabra para kurAna kI AyateM svarNAkSaroM meM likhI huI haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki AgarA ke tAjamahala ke nirmANa kI preraNA isI se milI thii| isakI kArIgarI bhI darzanIya hai| AdilazAhI sultAnoM ke samaya kI yahA~ aura bhI aneka darzanIya imArateM haiN| yahA~ haidara yA upaliburja (malike maidAna) meM eka topa bhI rakhI huI hai jo sAr3he nau mITara lambI hai aura jisakA vaz2ana pacapana Tana batAyA jAtA hai| Thaharane ke lie yahA~ karnATaka sarakAra kA AdilazAhI hoTala acchA hai aura kendrasthAna meM hai| paryaTakoM ko jAnakArI milane ke atirikta nagara-bhramaNa karAne kI bhI vahA~ vyavasthA hai| vaise usI ke pAsa mahAtmA gAMdhI roDa para kucha acche hoTala bhI haiN| hindI, marAThI aura kannar3a yahA~ bolI aura samajhI jAtI haiN| eka cetAvanI-bIdara, gulabargA aura bIjApura kA isa yAtrAkrama meM varNita sar3aka-mArga choTI-choTI pahAr3iyoM se yukta hai| bar3I dUra taka kabhI-kabhI vRkSa dikhAI nahIM dete / basa yA kAra ko chAyA meM khar3I karane ke lie bhI kabhI-kabhI parezAna honA par3atA hai / adhikatara baseM garmiyoM meM yAtrA para nikalatI haiN| unheM cAhie ki ve iMjina aura yAtriyoM ke lie paryApta pAnI apane sAtha rakheM / kenavAsa kI pAnI se bharI thailiyA~ bonaTa para laTakA kara yAtrA karane se ThaNDA pAnI pIne ko mila jAtA hai| bIjApura jile ke tIna pramukha jainakalA kendra haiM -bAdAmI, paTTadakala aura aihola jo apane itihAsa aura zilpa ke lie aneka vidvAnoM ke adhyayanasthala aura Aja bhI dezI-videzI paryaTakoM ke AkarSaNa-kendra haiM / bIjApura se bAdAmI ke lie sIdhA rela aura sar3aka-mArga bhI hai| kintu abhI udhara na jAkara pahale belagA~va ko ora prasthAna karanA cAhie tathA rAste meM zAntigiri (nayA, ramaNIka evaM zAnta) tIrtha kSetra, stavanidhi (tIrya), belagAMva kI kamala basadi (kalA kA eka AzcaryakArI namUnA) tathA goA kI yAtrA karanI caahie| bAdAmI se vizvaprasiddha hampI (vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI) kI ora yAtrAkrama rhegaa| bAdAmI ke lobha meM stavanidhi, goA jaise kSetra yA to chUTa jAe~ge yA yAtrA lambI ho jAegI aura krama ThIka nahIM rhegaa| jile ke anya jaina sthala bIjApura(vijayapura) z2ilA bhI jaina dharma kA prasiddha kendra rahA hai / Aja bhI usake nimnalikhita sthAnoM meM jinamandira acchI hAlata meM yA dhvastAvasthA meM vidyamAna haiM / ye sthAna haiM alaguru (Alaguru, AdinAtha basadi, jamakhaMDi tAluka), arasibiDu (Ars bidu, mandira, bIjApura z2ilA), bAgalakoTa (Bagalkot, pArzvanAtha basadi), eragala (Ergal, jinAlaya, siMdagI tAluka), gaDara (Gudur, mahAvIra caityAlaya, hanagaMda tAlaka), honavADa (lonvad, pArzvasUpAva jinAlaya, bIjApura z2ilA), hunazyAla (Hunshyal, padmAvatI mandira, siMdagI tAluka), hunaguMda (Hungund, jaina devAlaya, bIjApura jilA), indi (Indi, AdinAtha basadi, indi tAluka), iMglezvara (Ingleshvar,
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________________ tIna Adhunika muniratnoM kI bhUmi meM / 19 rAvana siddhezvara mandira meM supArzva, besavana bAgevAr3I tAluka), kamagi (Kametgi, pArzvabasadi, muDDe bihala (jinAlaya, isI nAma kA tAluka) talikoTI (Talikoti, AdinAtha basadi, muDDebihala tAluka) aura teradala (Terdal, goMka jinAlaya, jamakhaMDi taaluk)| aura aba belagAMva kI dizA meM zAntigiri kI or| tIna Adhunika muni ratnoM kI bhUmi meM bIjApura jile ke bAda belagA~va eka aisA z2ilA hai jisameM jinadharma kI prabhAvanA Aja bhI zAyada karnATaka ke kisI bhI jile se sabase adhika hai| yaha z2ilA mAno jainoM kA gar3ha hI hai| belagA~va hI vaha z2ilA hai jisane Adhunika yuga meM bhI tIna muniratna hameM diye haiM--- AcArya zAntisAgara jI, AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI aura AcArya vidyAnanda jI / ye hI ve jAtarUpa muni haiM jinhoMne jaina-ajaina janoM meM jainadharma kI prabhAvanA kI hai aura jaina samAja ko mArgadarzana diyA hai| - ava hamAre yAtrAkrama kA agalA par3Ava hai AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja ke gA~va kothalI ke pAsa sthita shaantigiri| mArga --sar3aka-mArga se vibhinna sthAnoM ko dUro isa prakAra hai-bIjApura se babalezvara hote hue jamakhaNDi 62 ki. mii.| jamakhaNDi se eka mArga belagAMva (153 ki. mI.) jAtA hai aura dUsarA mArga dhAravADa ( yaha bhI 153 ki. mii.)| kintu zAntigiri ke lie hameM jamakhaNDi se mahAliMgapura jAnA hai jahA~ pahu~cane ke lie do mArga haiN| eka, banahaTTI (19 ki. mo.) hokara aura dUsarA mudhola hokara / mudhola ke rAste mahAliMgapura kI dUrI ATha-nau ki. mo. adhika par3atI hai| isalie banahaTTI ke rAste mahAliMgapura jAnA caahie| yahA~ se cikor3I ( Chikodi ) 61 ki. mI. hai| vaise dakSiNa-madhya relave kI miraja-hubalI (mITara geja) lAina para 'cikor3o roDa' relave sTezana bhI hai jo ki miraja se 65 ki. mI. hai| cikor3I se nipAnI 27 ki. mo. dUra hai| ina donoM sthAnoM ke bIca meM zAntigiri mArga hai| jaba hama cikor3I ke nikaTa pahu~cate haiM to cikor3I-nipAnI mukhya sar3aka para sthita basasTaiNDa ke pAsa sundara dharmacakra ke sanmukha hote haiN| cikor3I meM lagabhaga do sau jaina parivAra nivAsa karate haiM / yahA~ eka mandira purAnA hai aura eka nyaa| donoM mandiroM kI vyavasthA samAja dvArA kI jAtI hai| .. cikor3I tAluka ne hI bhArata ko digambara jaina samAja ko ukta tIna Adhunika muniratna diye haiN| bhojagAMva cikoDI tAluka meM AcArya zAntisAgara jI kI janmabhUmi bhojagA~va hai / yaha kothalI se
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________________ 20 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) 20 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yaha gA~va akoka-galatagA-cikor3I roDa para sthita hai| isakI AbAdI lagabhaga 15 hajAra hai| yahA~ lagabhaga 500 jaina parivAra nivAsa karate haiN| yahA~ do digambara jaina mandira haiN| zeDabAla AcArya zrI vidyAnanda jI kA janmasthAna zeDabAla (Shedbal) bhI cikoDI tAluka meM hai| cikor3I se vahA~ pahu~cane kA mArga isa prakAra hai-cikor3I se kAgavAr3a aura vahA~ se sheddbaal| zeDabAla dakSiNa-madhya relave kA sTezana bhI hai aura miraja jaMkzana se 17 ki. mI. hai| isa jaMkzana para bambaI se baMgalora jAne vAlI pUrI rela badalatI hai kyoMki miraja taka bar3I lAina hai aura miraja se baMgalora taka choTI lAina / zeDabAla meM lagabhaga 200 jaina parivAra haiM aura tIna digambara jaina mandira / yahA~ eka dharmazAlA aura zAntinAtha pAThazAlA hai| eka zaiva mandira meM bhI digambara mUrti hai| yaha bhI jJAta huA hai ki saMsAra ke prati nirmohI vidyAnanda jI mahArAja apane janmasthAna ke prati bhI nirmohI haiN| yadi ve cAhate to vahA~ aneka saMsthAe~ khula sakatI thiiN| AcArya vidyAnanda jI 1985 meM apanI Ayu ke 60 varSa pUre kara cuke haiN| kothalI AcAryaratna dezabhUSaNa jI kI janmabhUmi kothalI nAmaka gA~va ( mArga ke lie 'zAntigiri kSetra' nAmaka agalA zIrSaka dekhie ) hai| yahA~ lagabhaga eka sau jaina parivAra nivAsa karate haiN| dezabhUSaNa hAI skUla meM do sau se Upara vidyArthI adhyayana karate haiN| yahIM para sthita gurukula yA Azrama meM pacAsa-sATha chAtra haiN| ye digambara jaina vidyArthI haiN| Azrama kI vyavasthA samAja ke dAna se hotI hai| yahA~ kA Teliphona naM. ziragA~va 39 hai| yAtriyoM ke Thaharane kI vyavasthA bhI Azrama meM kara dI jAtI hai| yahIM se zAntigiri kSetra jAne ke lie mArga-darzana bhI prApta ho jAtA hai| kothalI gA~va ke eka-do vRddhoM se AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNajI ke bAre meM pratikriyA jAnane kI dRSTi se prazna kiyA to ve bole--"dezabhUSaga to hamase bahuta Age nikala gayA, hama gahasthI o meM phaMse yahA~ ke yahA~ ho raha gae, pichar3a ge|" AvAyaratna dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja ne 1987 meM isI sthAna para sallekhanA dhAraNa kara deha-visarjana kara diyaa| unako preraNA se yahA~ eka Arogya dhAma kI sthApanA bhI kI gaI hai| Azrama kI sthApanA 1968 meM huI thii| yahA~ AdinAtha jinamandira, chAtrAvAsa, bhojanagRha aura dharmazAlA bhI hai| Azrama kA patA isa prakAra haizrI 108 AcAryaratna dezabhUSaNa muni digambara jaina Azrama TrasTa po. kothalI (kuppAnavAr3I) 591287, tA0-cikor3I, jilA-belagA~va (karnATaka)
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________________ zAntigiri kSetra | 21 zAntigiri kSetra mArga (cikoDI-nipANI sar3aka para)-isa sar3aka-mArga para jaba nipANI kevala 6 ki. mI. raha jAtA hai, taba vahA~ karnATaka sarakAra ke loka nirmANa vibhAga dvArA lagAyA gayA meharAbadAra eka borDa dikhAI par3atA hai jisa para likhA hai "zrI AcArya deza bhUSaNa jaina digambara Azrama" (nAgarI lipi meM) / yahIM se kothalI gA~va ko sar3aka jAtI hai jahA~ yaha Azrama hai| isI sar3aka para isa borDa se pahale eka aura borDa ThIka isI prakAra kA lagA hai| vahA~ se eka sar3aka sIdhI kuppAnavADI gA~va ko jAtI hai aura kucha acchI batAI jAtI hai (cikor3I kI ora se Ane vAloM ke lie yaha suvidhAjanaka ho sakatI hai)| yaha sar3aka bhI sIdhI dezabhUSaNa Azrama taka pahu~catI hai| jo bhI ho, kothalI sthita AcArya dezabhUSaNa Azrama se zAntigiri kSetra kevala Der3ha ki. mI. hai aura Azrama se dikhAI detA hai| jo sarakArI baseM nipANI se cikor3I taka calatI haiM ve donoM hI gA~voM meM jAkara mukhya sar3aka para AtI haiN| yaha bhI eka suvidhA hai kyoMki baseM Azrama taka AtI haiN| uttara bhArata ke bahata-se jaina paryaTakoM tathA jaina tIrthoM kI paryaTaka basa calAne vAle logoM ko zAntigiri kSetra kI jAnakArI nahIM hotI, aisA jAna par3atA hai| ve prAyaH bambaIsatArA aura kolhApura hote hue yAtriyoM ko kumbhoja bAhuvalI le jAte haiN| aura phira pUnAbaMgalora rAjamArga 4 kra. se yAtrA kara nipANI hote hue sIdhe stavanidhi pahu~cate haiM aura stavanidhi ko hI mahArASTra kI ora se karnATaka meM praveza ke bAda pahalA toryasthAna yAtriyoM ko batAte haiN| yadi ve nipANI se cikor3I sar3aka (6 ki. mI.) le leM to kothalI meM AcArya dezabhUSaNa Azrama hote hue zAntigiri pahu~ca sakate haiM aura vApasa nipANI lauTakara stavanidhi kI ora prasthAna kara sakate haiN| kumbhoja bAhuvalI se bhI zAntigiri ke lie eka aura choTA sar3akamArga hai jo ki isa prakAra hai-kumbhoja bAhubalI se icalakaraMjI (mahArASTra kA nagara, kapar3e kA vyApAra-kendra) 18 ki. mI., vahA~ se kuppAnavADI gA~va 25 ki. mI. aura vahA~ AcArya dezabhaSaNa Azrama hote hue zAntigiri kSetra, phira vahA~ se AcArya zrI dezabhUSaNa mahArAja ke gA~va kothalI evaM Azrama hote hue nipANI jahA~ pUnA-baMgalora rASTrIya rAjamArga kra. 4 unheM stavanidhi le jaayegaa| rela se yAtrA karane vAloM ko miraja jaMkzana se 65 ki0 mI0 dUra cikauDI-roDa sTezana utarakara cikoDI se basa dvArA dezabhUSaNa Azrama aura vahA~ se zAntigiri kSetra jAnA hogaa| nipANI meM lagabhaga 200 jaina parivAra rahate haiN| yaha choTA-sA zahara tambAkU ke vyApAra ke lie prasiddha hai / yahA~ do digambara aura do zvetAmbara mandira haiN| eka zvetAmbara dharmazAlA bhI hai| - yadi koI yaha prazna kare ki bambaI-kumbhoja bAhubalI kI ora se praveza karane para samaya kI kamI ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue karnATaka kA pahalA tIrthasthAna kauna-sA hai to hamArA yahI uttara hogA ki vaha sthAna zAntigiri kSetra hai| AcAryaratna deSabhUSaNa jI kI janmasthalI ke atyanta nikaTa eka sundara ramaNIka pahAr3I para isakA nirmANa san 1979 meM prArambha huA / zAntigiri na to siddhakSetra hai aura na hI atizayakSetra, kintu eka Adhunika dharmasthala hai jisakI kalpanA evaM
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________________ 22 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) racanA adbhuta hai tathA vAtAvaraNa zAnta, saumya evaM prabhAvaka hai| anurodha hai ki hara jaina paryaTaka ko yaha sthAna avazya dekhanA cAhie / yahA~ kI racanA ke Age diye gaye vivaraNa se hI tathya kA nizcaya ho jaayegaa| dezabhUSaNa Azrama se zAntigiri kSetra kI thor3I-sI U~cI pahAr3I taka pakkI sar3aka banI huI hai| usa para TyUbalAiTa bhI lagI huI haiN| isIlie vahA~ taka pahu~cane ke lie basa yA kAra ko kisI prakAra kI parezAnI nahIM hotii| vaise Azrama ke kAryakartA yAtriyoM kI sahAyatA karate haiN| Azrama se hI zAntigiri kA parakoTA evaM zikhara Adi dikhAI dete haiM yadyapi zAntigiri Der3ha ki. mI. dUra hai| kSetra-paricaya zAntigiri kSetra kA eka parakoTA hai jisakI dIvAleM lagabhaga dasa-bAraha phuTa U~cI haiN| usakA lagabhaga bIsa-paccIsa phaTa U~cA pravezadvAra pASANa nirmita hai| usake Upara do dhvajastambha haiM aura eka ghar3I lagI huI hai| kSetra meM praveza karate hI nAriyala ke per3a (joki isa kSetra meM bahuta hI kama haiM) aura zItala havA yAtrI kA svAgata karatI hai| ahAtA bar3A hai aura aneka baseM yA kAra Adi ThaharAyI jA sakatI haiN| yAtriyoM ke lie yahA~ eka dharmazAlA hai jisameM cAlIsa kamare haiM / isako do maMz2ileM jamIna ke Upara haiM to eka jamIna ke nIce (aNDaragrAuNDa) / dharmazAlA kSetra ke Ahate ke bAhara kintu usase bilakula saTI huI hai| isakA dharAtala kSetra se nIcA hai| bijalI aura pAnI kI acchI vyavasthA hai| muniyoM ke lie yahA~ pA~ca bhUmigata guphAe~ banAI gayI haiM jo ki dharmazAlA se jur3I huI haiN| isa sthAna se kucha hI dUra para pattharoM kI eka pANDukazilA bhI banAI gayI hai| kSetra ke ahAte ke bAhara muni-nivAsa aura kSetra kA kAryAlaya hai| yahA~ kAphI bar3A eka dezabhUSaNa pravacana haoNla hai jisameM koI na koI tyAgI-vratI dharmopadeza kiyA karate haiM / yaha bhI ahAte se bAhara hai| kSetra ke karmacAriyoM kI AvAsa-vyavasthA bhI acchI kI gaI hai| zAntigiri meM yAtriyoM ke lie niHzulka bhojana kI vyavasthA hai| isake lie kAryAlaya ko kama se kama do ghaNTe pahale sUcanA de dI jAnI caahie| sau se do sau taka yAtriyoM ko eka sAtha bhojana karAyA jA sakatA hai| yadi yAtriyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai to yaha adhika acchA hogA ki kSetra ke kAryAlaya ko kucha dina pUrva sUcanA de dI jAe kyoMki kSetra eka ekAnta pahAr3I para hai aura Avazyaka sAmagrI kA prabandha karane meM derI laga sakatI hai| kSetra kA prabandha uttama hai| kSetra-darzana bahuta se aise tIrthasthAna haiM jahA~ darzanIya mandira, vandanIya kulikAe~ yA kalA-smAraka to aneka haiM kintu svayaM kSetra kI ora se yaha mArgadarzana nahIM milatA ki vaha darzana yA vandanA kisa krama se prAramma kareM ki koI bhI mahattvapUrNa yA vandanIya mandira Adi chUTa na jaaye| zAnti
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________________ zAntigiri kSetra | 23 giri kSetra meM isa ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai| vahA~ sambandhita mandira Adi para darzana-phamAMka diyA gayA hai jo bahuta suvidhAjanaka hai| ___ darzana kramAMka 1-yaha 'samavasaraNa mandira' hai| isakI lambAI-caur3AI 22 x 22 phuTa hai| yaha mandira saMgamaramara kA banA hai| isameM kA~ca kA samavasaraNa nirmANAdhIna hai| raMga-biraMge sundara kA~ca yA zIzoM ke kaTaghare meM mAnastambha, vRkSa, gandhakuTI Adi kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| yaha mohaka samavasaraNa eka adbhuta racanA hogii| bijalI ke prakAza ke saMyojana se yaha kisI kA bhI mana moha legaa| ___ darzana kramAMka 2-yaha nandIzvara mandira hai| isameM pA~ca giri yA parvata banAye gaye haiN| isakI gola zilAoM para pItala kI 52 padmAsana pratimAe~ sthApita haiM jinakI pratiSThA bhI ho cukI hai| spaSTa hai ki inakI pUjA hotI hai| isa mandira kA haoNla 30 phuTa x 30 phuTa hai| nandIzvara dvIpa-jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra, isa dvIpa meM kula 52 parvata haiM aura pratyeka parvata para eka-eka caityAlaya hai| phAlguna, ASAr3ha aura kArtika ke antima ATha dinoM meM arthAt aSTAhnikA parva meM devatAgaNa nandIzvara dvIpa meM tathA manuSya apane-apane mandiroM meM nandIzvara dvIpa kI sthApanA karake bar3e bhaktibhAva se jinendra bhagavAna ke ina 52 caityAlayoM kI pUjA karate haiM aura puNya arjita karate haiM / darzana kramAMka 3-'kamala mndir'| yaha 30 phuTa x 30 phuTa kA eka aSTakoNa bhavana hai| isameM caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM kI adbhuta jhA~kI hai joki saMgamaramara kI haiN| inakA varNa sapheda, kAlA aura bAdAmI hai / caubIsI cAroM dizAoM meM dRzya hai| isake mUlAnAyaka padmaprabha kAyotsarga mudrA meM kamalAsana para kendra meM virAjamAna haiN| zeSa tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM haiN| vedI ke tIna stara haiM / sabhI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA ho cukI hai aura unakI vidhivat pUjana hotI hai| darzana kramAMka 4-pArzvanAtha (teIsaveM tIrthaMkara) kI satraha phuTa uttuMga saMgamaramara kI yaha pratimA khule AkAza ke nIce pA~ca phuTa U~ce eka cabUtare para kamalAsana para pratiSThita hai / mUrti para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai aura sarpakuNDalI pIche taka gayI hai| mUrti ke pAdamUla meM pArzvanAtha kA lAMchana (cihna) sarpa banA haA hai| saMgamaramara ke jisa phalaka para isa tIrthaMkara-pratimA kA utkIrNana huA hai usI phalaka para caraNoM ke pAsa yakSa-yakSI dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI bhI pratimAe~ haiN| __darzana kramAMka 5-'AdinAtha mandira'--yaha mandira jaina tIrthaMkaroM, AcAryoM, RSiyoM, bhAvI tIrthaMkaroM evaM stotroM kA eka vizAla saMgraha hI hai jo kevala darzanamAtra se jainadharma ke mahAna stambhoM kA sahaja hI meM paricaya karA detA hai| isakA trama isa prakAra hai isa mandira meM kamalAsana para saMgamaramara kI bharata kI 9 phuTa U~cI, kendra meM bhagavAna AdinAtha kI 12 phuTa U~cI aura bAhubalI ko 9 phuTa U~cI pratimAe~ khar3I huIM yA kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiN| itanI U~cI pratimAoM ke prakSAla ke lie sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| _____ saMgamaramara kA 'sammedazikhara kA eka nakzA' yahA~ kA~ca kI cahAradIvArI ke andara pradarzita hai| pItala kI 4 phuTa U~cI 'caubIsI' bhI yahA~ hai| usake mUlanAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM / pratimA para usakA lAMchana siMha hai aura donoM ora ca~varadhArI haiM / zeSa tIrthaMkaroM kI padmAsana
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________________ 24 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) * mUrtiyA~ kulikAoM meM pratiSThita haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM ke bAda padmAsana meM jainadharma ke pramukha AcAryoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / gautama gaNadhara upadeza-mudrA meM pradarzita haiN| kundakundAcArya aura umAsvAmI ke hAthoM meM pustaka hai| unake bAda vorasenAcArya, jina penAcArya haiN| unake bAda amRtacandrAcArya sthApita haiN| unake hAtha meM bhI pustaka hai / aura unake vAda AcArya bhUlabalI aura puSpadanta haiN| AcAryoM kI paMkti ke bAda kAyotsarga madrA meM bharata ko ATha phaTa U~cI saMgamaramara kI mUrti hai / bharata-pratimA se Age candraprabha bhagavAna kI Der3ha phuTa U~cI saMgamaramara kI pratimA padmAsana meM virAjamAna hai| saptarSi pratimAe~ candraprabha kI pratimA se Age pratiSThita haiN| ye kulikAoM meM haiM aura tIna phuTa U~cI haiM tathA saMgamaramara ko banI huI haiN| ina RSiyoM ke nAma haiM-1. zrImanyu, 2. suramanyu, 3. zrInicaya, 4. sarvasundara, 5. jayadAna, 6. vinayalAlasa aura 7. jayamitra / .. do dIvAloM ke bIca meM kucha bhItara kI ora eka koNa meM 'ratnatraya bhagavAna' kI bAdAmI raMga kI saMgamaramara kI mUrtiyA~ kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiN| - bhagavAna bAhubalI kI savA do phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mudrA meM mUrti bhI yahIM hai| - isake bAda bhAvI tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ kulikAoM meM virAjamAna kI gaI haiN| unake dvAra para cakradhArI khar3e hue pradarzita haiN| pratimAe~ kAyotsarga mudrA meM, tIna phuTa U~cI, saMgamaramara kI banI huI haiN| ye haiM zrI 1008 sImaMdhara svAmI, yugamaMdhara svAmI, bAhu svAmI, subAhu svAmI, sujAta svAmI, svaMyaprabha svAmI, vRSabhAnana svAmI, anantavIrya svAmI, suraprabha svAmI / yahIM saMgamaramara ke zilA-phalakoM para utkIrNa hai 'bhaktAmara strota', aura usake bAda vizAlakIti svAmI kI pratimA hai| zAyada ekarasatA kama karane ke lie aba mahAvIra mI kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM sAta phuTa U~cI pratimA pratiSThita kI gaI hai| unase Age vajradhara svAmI virAjamAna haiN| phira utkIrNa haiM tIna saMgamaramara phalakoM para 'kalyANamandira stotra' / tadanantara tIrthaMkaroM kI zRkhalA punaH prArambha hotI hai / candrAnana svAmI, bhadrabAhu svAmI, bhujagama svAmI, Izvara svAmI, nemaprabha svAmI, vIrasena svAmI, mahAbhadra svAmI, devayaza svAmI aura ajitavIrya svAmI bhI upayukta prakAra se virAjamAna haiN| punaH do dIvAloM ke bIca meM kucha bhItara kI ora eka koSTha meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI kAle pASANa kI sAr3he cAra phuTa U~vo eka manohara pratimA hai| usa para chatratraya hai| ca~varadhArI bhI haiM aura pratimA makaratoraNa yukta hai| AcAryoM kI paMkti punaH / ye AcArya haiM-nemicandra AcArya, akalaMka AcArya, dharasena aura jayakoti AcArya / ye pratimAe~ bhI pUrvokta AcArya-pratimAoM ke samAna virAjamAna haiN| mandira meM yakSa-yakSI pratimAe~ bhI haiN| saMgamaramara kI jvAlAmalinI devI sAmAnya padArtha hAthoM meM liye hue hai| padmAvatI devI ko bhI isI prakAra kI eka mUrti hai| aba hama Ate haiM zAMtigiri ke sabase AkarSaka aura mahattvapUrNa bhAga kI or| khule AkAza ke nIce saMgamaramara ke kamalAsana para kSetra ke bIcoM-bIca kAyotsarga mudrA meM saMgamaramara kI sundara pratimAe~ darzaka ke mana para amiTa chApa chor3atI haiN| ye pratimAe~ haiM-bIca meM zAntinAtha
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________________ stavanidhi | 25 21 phuTa, candraprabha 19 phuTa aura zAntinAtha ke dUsarI ora bhagavAna mahAvIra 19 phuTa / darzaka ina mUrtiyoM kI saumya mudrA ko nihAratA hI raha jAtA hai aura usakA mastaka inake sAmane apane Apa hI zraddhA se jhuka jAtA hai| isa kSetra ko yadi jaina purANa yA itihAsa kA eka saMgrahAlaya yA myUz2iyama kahA jAya to koI atyukti nahIM hogii| yahA~ zAnti hai| sAdhanA kA, Atmacintana kA avasara hai| jo loga bar3e zaharoM, usake zora-gula, naukarI, dhandhA yA gRhasthI ke jhameloM se kucha dina rAhata cAhate haiM unheM zAnti milegI isI zAntigiri meN| yahA~ kI prakRti bhI unakA svAgata karatI jAna par3atI hai| kSetra kA patA isa prakAra hai-zrI zAntigiri kSetra, posTa-kothalI-kuppAnabADI591287, tAluka-cikor3I, jilA-belagA~va (krnaattk)| Teliphona naMbara hai-siragAMva 29, dezabhUSaNa Azrama kA phona naM. hai-sirapura 39 (isase bhI madada milegii)| aura aba vApasa nipANI hote hue stavanidhi kI or| stavanidhi avasthiti aura mArga sar3aka-mArga dvArA yaha sthAna bambaI-pUnA-baMgalora rAjamArga kra0 4 para sthita hai aura nipANI se 7 ki0 mI0 tathA belagA~va se 55 ki0 mI0 kI dUrI para hai| isa rAjamArga kI kAlI syAha caur3I sar3aka ke kinAre para nAgarI lipi meM stavanidhi aura vahA~ se baMgalora kA borDa mIla ke anya pattharoM kI taraha lagA hai| vahA~ se eka choTI sar3aka mur3atI hai jo ki pahAr3I ke pIche Der3ha kilomITara kI dUrI para chipe stavanidhi kSetra kI ora Apako le jaaegii| stavanidhi saMbaMdhI mIla kA jahA~ patthara lagA hai vahIM sar3aka ke kinAre kI pahAr3I para zrI sahasra phaNi-pArzvanAtha garukala hai jisakI carcA Age kI jaaegii| stavanidhi kSetra kI saDaka isI gurukula ke sAmane se hokara kSetra kI ora jAtI hai| stavanidhi kA Ajakala vahA~ pracalita apabhraza nAma 'tAvando' hai (stavanidhi zabda ghisakara tAvandI ho gayA hai|| tAvandI nAma kA gA~va pahAr3I para hai| gurukula ke pAsa se belagA~va kI ora nirantara U~cI uThatI jAne vAlI pahAr3I ko tAvandI yA tAvandI ghATa kahA jAtA hai| stavanidhi cikor3I tAluka ke antargata hai| --------- eka sAvadhAnI-jo yAtrI basa se stavanidhi ke lie mukhya sar3aka para utareM unheM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki Der3ha ki0 mI0 dUra sthita stavanidhi kSetra taka jAne yA sAmAna le jAne ke lie koI savArI yahA~ nahIM milegii| isa sthAna se stavanidhi taka kI sar3aka bhI U~vI hotI calI jAtI hai| isalie yaha adhika acchA hogA ki ve isa sthAna ke pAsa sthita garukula meM Thaharane sambandhI suvidhA kA patA lagA leN| stavanidhi karnATaka ke pramukha tIrthoM meM se eka hai| uttara bhArata se karnATaka jAne vAlI
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________________ 26 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) baseM bhI paryaTakoM, yAtriyoM ko sabase pahale stavanidhi le jAtI haiN| isakI suvidhAjanaka sthitirASTrIya rAjamArga-ke kAraNa bhI yahA~ pahu~canA AsAna hotA hai| kSetra-paricaya isa kSetra kI prasiddhi brahmadeva (yakSa) ke kAraNa hai| ve jaina-ajaina sabhI se Adara evaM zraddhA prApta karate haiN| kannar3a bhASA meM ina brahmadeva ko 'bharamappA' kahA jAtA hai| stavanidhi kA jaina mandira prAcIna jAna par3atA hai aura pASANa nirmita hai / usake pIche kI pahAr3I kA bhI usake nirmANa meM paryApta lAbha uThAyA gayA hai| mandira ke AsapAsa pattharoM kI dIvAla kA parakoTA hai| mukhya sar3aka aura kSetra ke bIca yakSI padmAvatI kA eka mandira hai| mandira ke sAmane 30 phuTa U~cA eka mAnastambha hai kintu usake Upara mUrti nahIM hai| bijalI girane se mUrti dhvasta ho gaI yA nikala gii| mUrti kA nizAna mandira kI UparI maMz2ila (prathama tala) se dikhAI detA hai| yahA~ ke mandira kI racanA isa prakAra hai-mandira meM tIna devakoSTha haiN| aura ina sabhI ke sAmane pASANa ke moTe stambhoM para AdhArita khulA barAmadA yA haoNla hai| __ mandira kI adhikAMza mUrtiyA~ 9vIM aura 10vIM sadI kI haiN| prathama devakoSTha ke bAhara nAgarI lipi meM likhA hai-'zrI 1008 cintAmaNi tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha' / ye isa koSTha ke nAyaka pratIta hote haiM aura phaNAvalI yukta haiN| yahIM, isI koSTha meM, gyArahavIM sadI kI lagabhaga savA do phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mudrA meM bhagavAna AdinAtha kI mUrti hai / unakA cihna baila pAdamUla meM aMkita hai| vahIM yakSa-yakSI bhI utkIrNa haiM / mUrti ke alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM makara-toraNa kI yojanA hai| isameM anya mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / isa eka koSTha ko bhI do devakoSTha ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kara diyA gayA hai| isake sAmane khulI jagaha bhI kama hai| ___ dUsare devakoSTha (bIca) ke praveza-dvAra para nAgarI meM likhA hai '1008 zrI vighnahara pArzvanAtha tiirthNkr'| isa koSTha ke garbhagRha meM mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha virAjamAna haiN| inheM navakhaMDa pArzvanAtha (dekheM citra kra. 10) kahA jAtA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki pArzvanAtha kI mati ko jamIna se nikAlate samaya isake nau Tukar3e ho gae the| navakhaNDa pArzvanAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiN| una para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai aura chatramaya haiN| sarpakuNDalI pIche taka gaI hai| makara-toraNa meM phUlapattiyoM kI DijAina hai| yakSa-yakSiyoM kA aMkana nahIM hai| isI kakSa meM kAMsya kI navadevatA kI mati hai| brahmayakSa kI mati ke atirikta, saMgamaramara kI Der3ha phuTa aura DhAI phuTa kI do padmAsana mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| kAMsya ke hI kSetrapAla ke caraNa haiN| brahmadeva kI kAMsya pratimA bhI toraNayukta hai| unakA vAhana azva hai| lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM eka pratimA aura hai| saptaphaNAvalI aura chatratraya ke sAtha hI belabUTe se yukta pA~ca paMktiyoM kA toraNa hai| isa pratimA ke pairoM ke pAsa ca~varadhArI bhI aMkita haiM / yaha eka bar3I bhavya evaM AkarSaka pratimA hai| lagabhaga 9 iMca U~cI padmAvatI kI mUrti bhI isI kakSa meM hai|
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________________ stavanidhi | 21 dUsare devakoSTha meM jo garbhagRha hai usake bAhara do vediyA~ aura haiM jina para uparyukta pratimAe~ Adi sthApita haiM / koSTa kA pravezadvAra pItala kA hai| tIsarA koSTha brahmadeva kA sthAna hai| unake eka ora zAntinAtha virAjamAna haiN| yaha pratimA padmAsana meM hai| usa para tIna chatra haiM / ca~varadhArI sira taka utkIrNa haiN| pratimA ke Upara kIrtimukha bhI hai| isa para belabUTedAra toraNa hai / yaha pratimA lagabhaga do sau varSa prAcIna batAI jAtI hai| isa koSTha meM sthApita brahmadeva kI mUrti bahuta vizAla hai| usa para sindUra putA hai| isa mUrti ke viSaya meM yaha janazruti hai ki kisI samaya brahmadeva vizAla the| kAlAntara meM ve choTe ho gae, unake tIna khaNDa ho ge| pahale unheM baiThakara dekhanA par3atA thA itane vizAla the ve / unake koSTha kA praveza-dvAra cA~dI kA thaa| bAda meM pItala kA banA diyA gyaa| isa koSTha meM eka sthAna aisA hai jahA~ manautI ke lie nAriyala phor3A jAtA hai| brahmadeva sambandhI atizaya se isa kSetra kI jaina-ajaina janatA bar3I prabhAvita hai| kahA jAtA hai, yadi koI bhAvapUrvaka inake darzana karatA hai to usakI manokAmanA darzana karane ke kucha hI dinoM bAda pUrI ho jAtI hai| yahA~ pratidina jaina-ajaina janatA darzana ke lie kAphI saMkhyA meM AtI hai| bhaktajana vizeSa rUpa se nAriyala car3hAte haiM / phUla, kapar3A, sonA, cA~dI Adi bhI car3hAe jAte haiN| yahA~ janavarI (pauSa vadI amAvasyA) ko melA lagatA hai jisameM jaina-ajaina bhArI saMkhyA ma Ate haiN| stavanidhi mandira ke Upara kI maMjila para eka sahasrakUTa caityAlaya bhI hai jo ki bhadramaNDapa kahalAtA hai| yahA~ eka sarvatobhadrikA bhI hai| isameM cAroM ora cAra tIrthaMkara haiM / eka ora kAyotsarga mudrA meM neminAtha haiM to dUsarI ora AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha kA bhI aMkana hai| mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM padmAsana meM mahAvIra svAmI chatratraya yukta haiM / sarvatobhadrikA prAcIna batAI jAtI hai| hara mUrti ke Upara koNIya zikhara hai| devakulikA lakar3I kI hai| mandira ke tIna ora pahAr3o hai| sAmane jo sIr3hiyA~ dikhAI detI haiM ve kSetrapAla mandira taka jAtI haiN| mandira ke tInoM ora dharmazAlA hai| kula paccIsa kamare haiN| bijalI-pAnI kI vyavasthA bhI hai| Upara ke hara kamare meM snAnaghara kI vyavasthA hai kintu nIce nala nahIM hai / kSetra kI pAnI kI TaMkI meM pahAr3I jharane kA pAnI nirantara AtA rahatA hai jo ki ThaNDA hotA hai aura mIThA hai| isa dharmazAlA meM Thaharakara yAtrI pahAr3I sthAna kI upayogitA evaM Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| Thaharane kA zulka dAna ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai| yadi pUrI basa isa kSetra para Ae to yAtriyoM ko ThaharAne ke lie bhI vahA~ eka bar3A hAla hai| usameM eka samaya meM lagabhaga 200 yAtrI Thahara sakate haiM / isa hAla ke sAtha eka rasoIghara bhI hai| isakA zulka bhI dAna ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai| ___ mandira ke bAhara nAriyala Adi anya sAmAna kI choTI-moTI dukAneM haiN| kucha-eka phoTogrAphara bhI yahA~ nivAsa karate haiN| AvazyakatA kA sAmAna yahA~ upalabdha ho jAtA hai| mandira ke
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________________ 28 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) bAhara eka hoTala bhI hai jo ArDara dene para bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA kara detA hai| ATha-dasa jaina parivAra mandira ke ahAte meM hI nivAsa karate haiN| stavanidhi kSetra kolhApura ke vartamAna bhaTTAraka zrI lakSmIsena jI tathA nipANI ke vartamAna bhaTTAraka zrI jinasena jI ke kSetrAdhikAra meM AtA hai| isa kSetra kA prabandha nimnalikhita dvArA kiyA jAtA haidakSiNa bhArata jaina sabhA, zrI kSetra kameTI po0-stavanidhi-591237 z2ilA-belagA~va (karnATaka) Telifona naM0 308/ nipANI eksaceMja sahasraphaNi pArzvanAtha gurukula stavanidhi ___uparyukta nAma usa gurukula kA hai jo ki pUnA-baMgalora rAjamArga para sar3aka ke kinAre kintu stavanidhi se pahale par3atA hai| isakI sthApanA 1939 meM huI thii| gurukula meM yAtriyoM ko Thaharane kI vyavasthA bhI kara dI jAtI hai kintu gurukula ke pAsa sthAna sImita hai, pahale pUcha lenA caahie| yAtriyoM ke anusAra gurukula bhojanAlaya meM bhojana kA bhI prabandha kara diyA jAtA hai| gurukUla kA 'zrI 1008 sahasraphaNi pArzvanAtha mandira' (yaha nAma nAgarI meM likhA hai) mukhya sar3aka ke sAmane hI dikhAI par3atA hai| isameM pArzvanAtha pratimA para eka hajAra phaNa banavAne kI yojanA thI kintu bana nahIM sake / unake sthAna para choTe-choTe sarpa-phaNa banAye gaye haiN| kintu yaha pratimA sahasraphaNi kahalAtI hai| pratimA bAdAmI raMga kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai evaM atyanta bhavya hai| mandira ke sAmane mAnastambha bhI hai / isa mandira kA nirmANa 1963 I. meM huA thaa| ___mandira ke pIche chAtrAvAsa tathA vidyAlaya haiN| yaha gurukula bAhubalI vidyApITha kumbhoja bAhubalI dvArA saMcAlita evaM niyantrita hai| yahA~ eka-do kamare kA athitigRha snAnaghara yukta hai, kucha aura kamare bana rahe haiM / palaza kI bhI vyavasthA ho gaI hai| kintu yAtriyoM ko stavanidhi meM hI ThaharanA cAhie, kyoMki yahA~ sthAna kI kamI hai / gurukula ke sAmane nipANI meM basoM kA TAima Tebala lagA hai| yahA~ rukanevAlI basoM kI bhI sUcanA upalabdha hai| mArgastha pArzvanAtha gurukula ke pAsa belagA~va kI dizA meM pahAr3I para pArzvanAtha kI saMgamaramara kI dasa phuTa U~cI pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM khule AkAza ke nIce sthApita hai jo ki sar3aka se hI dikhAI detI hai|
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________________ belagA~va belagA~va / 29 avasthiti aura mArga gA~va karnATaka kA eka pramukha jilA hai aura rASTrIya rAjamArga kra. 4 para sthita hai / yaha sar3aka mArga pUnA-baMgalora roDa kahalAtA hai / jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, yaha pramukha jaina tIrtha nidhi se lagabhaga 55 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita hai| rAjamArga zahara ke bIca se hokara gujaratA hai| basa sTaiNDa pI. bI. roDa para qile ke pAsa hai / belagA~va se baMgalora 502 ki. mI. hai| yahA~ se vibhinna sthAnoM ke lie ArAmadeha baseM upalabdha haiM / bambaI - baMgalora rela mArga para bhI belagA~va eka pramukha relave sTezana hai / bambaI se miraja taka bar3I lAina hai aura miraja se baMgalora taka choTI lAina / (miraja para yAtrI bar3I lAina kI gAr3I chor3akara choTI lAina kI gAr3I meM baiThakara Age kI yAtrA karate haiM / jinakA rijarvezana hotA hai unheM choTI lAina kI gAr3I meM apane Apa hI rijarvezana mila jAtA hai / ) belagA~va choTI lAina para sthita hai aura relamArga dvArA miraja se 138 ki. mI. dUra hai| isa mArga para bambaI se baMgalora taka calane vAlI mahAlakSmI eksapresa acchI gAr3iyoM meM se eka hai / belagA~va dakSiNa-madhya relave ke antargata AtA hai / sTezana basa sTaiNDa se 2 ki. mI. dUra hai / belagA~va meM havAI aDDA bhI hai| yaha belagA~va - bAgalakoTa mArga para zahara se lagabhaga 12 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sAmbrA (Sambra) nAmaka sthAna para avasthita hai / yaha pustaka likhate samaya, iMDiyana eyaralAinsa kI eka dainika ur3Ana bambaI se belagA~va ke lie sIdhI hai / yaha sevA subaha ke samaya kI hai aura karIba savA ghaNTe kI hotI hai marAThI bhASI isa sthAna ko 'belagA~va' kahate haiM jabaki kannar3abhASI 'belagAma' bolate haiM / aMgrejI meM 'Belgaum ' hai / belagA~va kA prAcIna nAma veNugrAma yA veNupura hai / isakA artha hotA hai - vaha sthAna jahA~ veNu (bA~sa) adhika hote hoM / saMbhava hai kisI samaya yahA~ bA~soM kI adhikatA ho ( aba nahIM hai ) / yahA~ hala kannar3a (purAnI kannar3a) meM 1205 I0 kA eka zilAlekha hai jisameM isa sthAna kA nAma balagAmbe aura vegigrAma bhI diyA gayA hai / isa lekha meM rASTrakUTa ( raTTa) rAjAoM kI vaMzAbalI dI gaI hai aura jaina mandira ke lie dAna kA ullekha hai / usa samaya yahA~ kArtavIrya deva kA zAsana thA / (yaha pahale bhI ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki karnATaka meM zilAlekha ko zAsana kahA jAtA rahA hai / ) belagA~va bAraha kilomITara kSetra meM phailA huA hai aura eka pramukha vyApArika kendra hai| na kevala bItI zatAbdiyoM meM yA madhya yuga meM, apitu Aja bhI yaha sthAna jainoM kA bahuta bar3A kendra hai / Aja bhI ise jainoM kA gar3ha kahA jA sakatA hai / Aja bhI yahA~ lagabhaga 3000 jaina parivAra nivAsa karate haiM / alaravADa, bastavADa aura anagola jaise gA~va pUre ke pUre jaina haiM / bhagA~va meM kevala eka jaina parivAra hai kintu usane bhI eka nayA mandira banavAyA hai / yahA~ ke jaina caturtha jaina aura paMcama jaina ke rUpa meM ba~Te hue haiM / caturtha jaina khetI karate haiM aura paMcama jaina vyApAra karate haiM /
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________________ 30 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) darzanIya sthala - kamala basadi (neminAtha jinAlaya) yadi koI yaha pUche ki belagA~va meM dekhane lAyaka eka hI kauna-sI cIz2a hai to bahuta spaSTa uttara hogA- neminAtha jinAlaya / isa uttara kA khaNDana jinabhakta to zAyada karegA hI nahIM, koI bhI purAtattvavid (ArkiyolaoNjisTa) yA kalApremI bhI nahIM karegA / dasavIM sadI meM nirmita yaha mandira bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai kintu isameM Aja bhI pUjana hotI hai / yahA~ 15 jaina mandira aura haiM jinakA yathAsthAna Age paricaya diyA jAyegA / belagA~va meM eka kilA hai joki lagabhaga sau ekar3a meM phailA huA hai| yaha qilA basa sTaiNDa ke pAsa hai| isakI pazcima aura uttara dizA meM do daravAz2e haiM / uttara dizA kA daravAz2A mukhya daravAz2A hai / isa qile meM senA kI chAvanI bhI hai / aura yahIM hai 'kamala basadi' aura 'cikka basadi ' nAmaka do jaina mandira / qile ke kSetra meM bhI kucha jaina parivAroM kA nivAsa hai / janazruti hai ki belagA~va ke qile ke nirmANa meM 108 jaina mandiroM kI sAmagrI lagI hai / zAyada hama isa para kama vizvAsa karate kintu qile kI dIvAreM Aja bhI isakA pramANa de rahI haiN| Aie, hama eka-do pramANa to DhU~r3ha hI leM / qile meM praveza ke lie hama pUnA - baMgalora rAjamArga se esa. pI. thorAta geTa kI ora jaba bar3hate haiM to apanI dAhinI ora DaoN. caugule bharateza hAIskUla kA bhavana dekhate haiM / vahIM 'bharateza paoNliTekanika' aura 'bharateza homyopaithika kaoNleja' bhI haiM / hAIskUla kI nIMva khodate samaya bhI eka kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara pratimA nikalI thI / isa hAIskUla aura qile kI dIvAra ke bIca meM khAI hai / skUla ke pAsa khAI ke kinAre khar3e hokara thorAta geTa ke dAhinI ora dIvAla meM bane gola stambha kI ora yadi hama dRSTi DAleM to usa stambha meM nIce kI ora gola AkAra meM eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimA jar3I huI dikhAI degii| pratimA para tIna chatra haiN| Upara eka zikhara hai aura patrAvalI hai / aba isa sthAna se lagabhaga 15-20 phuTa Age dIvAla ke UparI hisse para nigAha DAleM to aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ qile kI dIvAla meM jar3I huI paayeNge| inameM se kucha beloM se Dha~ka bhI gaI haiN| lekhaka pUrI dIvAla yA pUre qile kA sarvekSaNa nahIM kara sakA / aba sIdhe kamala basadi ( dekha citra kra. 11 ) kI ora, qile ke andara / kamala basadi kI prasiddhi kA kAraNa hai- mandira ke maNDapa kI lagabhaga 30 phuTa x 20 phuTa golAkAra chata kI maMjarI meM 'eka hI kamala' aura nIce kI ora AtI usakI paMkhur3iyoM kI atyanta kalAtmaka zrRMkhalA / isa prakAra ke kamala AbU Adi ke jaina mandiroM meM (arthAt rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM bhI kahIM-kahIM ) dekhane ko milate haiM / isa kamala kI 72 paMkhur3iyoM meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara kA aMkana hai arthAt bhUtakAla ke 24, vartamAna ke 24 aura bhaviSyakAla ke 24, isa prakAra tIna caubIsiyoM kA manamohaka utkIrNana kiyA gayA / isa phUla meM yA chata meM ekadUsare se choTe hote gae cAra ghere haiM / bIca meM kamala ke cAra phUla laTake haiM jo ki pASANa ke haiM / phUla bhI eka-dUsare se choTe hote cale gaye haiM / tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta ATha dikpAla bhI utkIrNa haiM kintu do dikpAla aba nahIM haiM / isa kamala ko jitanI dera dekhate raheM utanI dera aisA lagatA hai ki hama kalpanA loka meM haiM / yaha kamala pUre karnATaka meM prathama sthAna rakhatA hai, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai / uparyukta khule maNDapa meM pASANa ke 14 stambha haiM / ina stambhoM aura zahatIroM (bImsa) para T
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________________ belagAMva | 31 sundara navakAzI hai| Aja bhI ina stambhoM meM se kucha stambhoM kI pAliza darzaka ko Azcarya meM DAla detI hai| arcaka aise stambha batA sakatA hai jinakI camakadAra pAliza meM yadi apane hAthoM kI praticchAyA dekheM to stambhoM meM Apako apane hAtha-do nIce aura do Upara dikhAI deNge| isake atirikta kucha stambhoM meM se usI taraha kI dhvani una para hAtha se TikaTika karane para nikalatI hai jaisI dhAta ke bane kisI pAtra Adi ko bajAne para nikalatI hai| dhyAna rahe ye stambha stambha maNDapa ke bIca meM nahIM haiM balki usake ghere kI paridhi meM haiN| inakI kAlI pAliza aisI lagatI hai jaise vaha kucha dinoM pUrva hI kI gaI ho| kucha logoM kA yaha bhI kathana hai ki yaha mandira 1400 varSa purAnA hai| jo bhI ho, kalA ke itihAsa meM apane kamala ke kAraNa yaha mandira apanA vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai| isake maNDapa ke vAtAyana (khir3akiyA~) jAlIdAra haiM aura AkarSaka haiM / ye bArahavIM sadI ke Asa-pAsa ke jAna par3ate haiN| isa racanA ko dhyAna se dekhanA caahie| pUre kamala kA phoTo lenA kaThina kAma hai| uparyukta kamala basadi ke praveza-dvAra ke nicale madhya bhAga meM eka nartaka dala kA aMkana hai| garbhagRha ke sAmane ke cAra stambhoM para bhI sUkSma nakkAzI hai| ____mandira ke mUlanAyaka neminAtha haiN| batAyA jAtA hai ki unakI yaha pratimA lagabhaga 200 varSa pUrva jaMgala meM milI thii| neminAtha ardhapadmAsana meM haiN| unake pIche bar3A gola bhAmaNDala aMkita hai / yaha alaMkaraNahIna hai, makaratoraNa aura chatratraya yukta hai / mUrti kA lAMchana zaMkha bhI utkIrNa hai| bhagavAna neminAtha kA siMhAsana do hAthiyoM ke Upara nirmita hai| kalpavRkSa aura kaivalyavRkSa bhI aMkita haiM / pratimA gyArahavIM sadI kI jAna par3atI hai aura lagabhaga 7 phuTa U~cI hai| _ 'kamala basadi' ke garbhagRha meM bAyIM ora sumatinAtha kI pratimA hai| una para eka hI chatra hai aura unake yakSa-yakSI ghuTanoM taka (pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai ) utkIrNa kiye gae haiN| pratimA makara-toraNayukta hai, aura usa para kIrtimukha bhI hai| __ tIrthaMkara AdinAtha sahita jo ki padmAsana meM haiM, eka atyanta AkarSaka caubIsI bhI yahA~ hai| mUlanAyaka para chatratraya haiN| ve uccAsana para virAjamAna haiN| donoM ora cavaradhArI haiM aura yakSayakSI ghuTanoM taka yAnI laghu AkRti meM utkIrNa haiN| zeSa tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM haiM aura eka-eka vartula meM aMkita haiN| gyArahavIM sadI kI lagabhaga 3 phuTa U~cI eka pArzvanAtha pratimA bhI isa mandira meM hai jisa para chatratraya aura sapta phaNAvali hai| ve ulaTe kamalAsana para virAjamAna haiN| Asana U~cA hai usameM kucha darAreM haiM aura usakI marammata kI gaI hai| ghuTanoM taka yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiN| isa mandira meM navagraha pratimA (citra kra. 12) darzanIya hai| yaha pASANa kI hai aura pAna kI AkRti meM lagabhaga dasa iMca kI hai| yaha aThArahavIM sadI kI jAna par3atI hai| basAda kA zikhara choTA evaM kaTanIdAra hai| garbhagRha ke sAmane kA koSTha khAlI hai (Ama taura para usameM bhI pratimAe~ ho mandira kI patthara kI jAliyoM evaM stambhoM ke atirikta usakI nimnalikhita tIna vizeSatAe~ darzaka ko apanI ora vizeSa rUpa se AkarSita karatI haiM--- 1. vizAla evaM kalAtmaka maNDapa kI chata meM utkIrNa kamala kA phUla, jisakI 72 paMkhur3iyoM
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________________ 32 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) meM tIna caubIsI tathA dikpAla aMkita haiM / yaha rAjasthAna kI kalA se hor3a karatA hai| 2. pASANa kI pAna kI AkRti meM nvgrh-prtimaa| 3. sundara kalpavRkSa yukta bhagavAna neminAtha kA siNhaasn| belagA~va ke kile meM kamala basadi ke atirikta eka aura mandira hai jo ki bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa ke saMrakSaNa meM hai| isakA nAma 'cikka basadi' hai / kamala basadi ke pAsa meM hI yaha sthita hai| isameM pUjana-prakSAla nahIM hotaa| isameM toyaMkara supAzrvanAtha kI dazavIM sadI kI pratimA tathA gyArahavIM sadI kI pArzvanAtha kI pratimAe~ evaM caubIsI haiM / yaha mandira bhI prAcIna hai| isameM praveza ke lie jo sIr3hiyA~ banI haiM unake donoM ora nartaka-dala kA sundara evaM sajIva utkIrNana hai| mandira ke pravezadvAra para bahuta sUkSma nakkAzI kI gaI hai / siradala ke Upara yakSayakSI kA aMkana hai| isake sundara stambha nIce gola aura Upara kI ora caukora hote cale gae haiM / mandira ke UparI bhAga meM muMDera para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ ukerI gaI haiN| qile kA kucha bhAga senA ke kabje meM hai| uparyukta kile meM eka aura mandira dhvasta avasthA meM daragA ke pAsa hai| use bhI dekha lenA caahie| usakI nirmANa zailI se yaha sandeha hotA hai ki yaha bhI zAyada kisI samaya jaina mandira rahA ho to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / yaha mandira upekSita hai arthAt na isameM pUjana hotI hai aura na hI purAtattva vibhAga (zAyada) isakI dekhabhAla karatA hai| jo bhI ho, isake sambandha meM anusandhAna kI AvazyakatA hai| isa mandira ke pravezadvAra ke pAsa patthara kI jAlI hai aura apsarAoM kA aMkana hai / yahA~ ATha devakUlikAe~ haiN| unameM koI-na-koI pratimA avazya rahI hogii| ye devakUlikAe~ mandira meM cAroM ora haiN| isake andarUnI bhAga meM cAra vizAla pASANa-stambha haiM, jina para sUkSma nakkAzI kI gaI hai| isakI chata meM zAyada kamala kA phUla utkIrNa thaa| isake valayAkAra bhAga meM mAlAoM aura zRkhalAoM kA utkIrNana bhI mana ko moha letA hai| Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki belagA~va karnATaka meM jainoM kA gar3ha hai| belagA~va nagara-nigama ke kSetra meM hI 15 digambara jaina mandira haiM jinameM Aja bhI pUjana hotI hai| qile ke eka mandira 'kamala basadi' kA paricaya Upara diyA jA cukA hai| anya mandiroM (kucha prAcIna bhI haiM meM se kucha kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ diyA jaaegaa| yadi samaya ho to inheM bho dekha lenA cAhae / eka do mandiroM ke sambandha meM atizaya ko bhI janazruti hai| nagara nigama ke kSetra ke bAhara gA~voM ke mandira isa saMkhyA meM zAmila nahIM haiN| belagA~va meM aneka jaina saMsthAe~ bhI haiM jinakA paricaya bhI saMketa rUpa meM diyA jaaegaa| zahara ke jaina mandira zahara ke jaina mandiroM ke lie yaha adhika upayukta hogA ki kisI sthAna ko eka kendra mAna liyA jAe aura vahA~ se prArambha karake krama se mandiroM kI yAtrA kI jaae| ye sabhI mandira 10 ki0 mI0 ke ghere meM haiN| pUnA-baMgalora roDa, jo belagA~va zahara ke andara se gujaratA hai, yA jise isa zahara meM dhAravAr3a jAne vAlI sar3aka kahate haiM , para sthita hai mANikabAga digambara jaina borDiMga / yaha kile
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________________ 1. bIdara--pArzvanAtha basadi : caubIsI meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha; lagabhaga dasavIM shtii|
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________________ 2. kamaThAna--pArzvanAtha basadi ; ardha padmAsana mudrA meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii| 3. basava kalyANa saMgrahAlaya : eka tIrthaMkara mUrti kA mastaka; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii|
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________________ 4. basava kalyANa - saMgrahAlaya : nAga-yugala ; gyArahavIM zatI /
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________________ 5. gulabargA-saMgrahAlaya : jaTAdhArI pArzvanAtha; lagabhaga dasavIM shtii|
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________________ JABALPUR 6. malakheDa--- neminAtha basadi : mandira kI laghu AkRti, kAMsya nirmita; gyArahavIM zatI / 7. jevargI-- zAntinAtha basadi : yakSI padmAvatI kI kAMsya mUrti; lagabhaga caudahavIM zatI /
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________________ 8. bIjApura--sahasraphaNa pArzvanAtha basa di : pArzvanAtha kI prasiddha mUrti; lagabhaga caudahavIM shtii|
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________________ + 9. bIjApura -- purAtattva saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, phaNAvalI ke kAraNa ullekhanIya; abhilikhita saMvat 1232 10. stavanidhi -- paMcakUTa basadi : navakhaMDa pArzvanAtha; lagabhaga dasavIM zatI /
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________________ 11. belagA~va-kamala basadi : bAhya dRzya; lagabhaga dasavIM shtii| 12.belagA~va-kamala basadi : navagraha-pratimA kA pASANapaTTa, aThArahavIM shtii| 13. rAyabAga-AdinAtha basadi : tIrthaMkara AdinAtha; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii|
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________________ belagAMva | 33 se lagabhaga eka ki0 mI0 kI dUrI para aura basa sTaiNDa ke pAsa (lagabhaga itanI hI dUrI para) sthita hai| svargIya seTha mANikacandra dvArA cAra ekar3a jamIna kharIdakara dAna kI gaI thI, isI kAraNa yaha sthAna mANikabAga kahalAtA hai| isa boDiMga hAusa meM lagabhaga tIna sau chAtra rahate haiN| isakA prabandha eka samiti karatI hai| isakA ahAtA bar3A hai| borDiMga hAusa meM eka choTA kintu sundara mandira hai jisake mUlanAyaka candraprabha haiN| yaha mUrti saMgamaramara kI hai| isameM kAMsya kI caubIsI, navadevatA, paMcaparameSThI, jvAlAmAlinI aura padmAvatI tathA nandIzvara bhI haiM / mandira ke pIche do-tIna kamaroM kA atithi-gRha hai jisameM anumati milane para Thaharane diyA jAtA hai| ye kamare phanizDa nahIM haiM / boDiMga meM eka bhojanAlaya hai jise eka jaina parivAra calAtA hai / yAtrI vahA~ zuddha bhojana pA sakate haiN| zahara meM bhI eka dharmazAlA kA nirmANa ho rahA hai| yadi yAtrI-basa yA kAra meM kharAbI ho jAe to boDiMga hAusa ke sAmane hI mUla rUpa se gujarAtI jaina paravAra kI eka bar3I varkazApa hai jo eka phaikTarI lagatI hai aura usameM 50-60 gAr3iyA~ hamezA marammata ke lie khar3I rahatI haiN| zahara ke anya mukhya mandiroM kA saMkSipta paricaya (atizaya, prAcInatA Adi sahita) isa prakAra hai pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira--boDiMga hAusa se pUnA-baMgalora roDa para basa sTaiNDa hai| usI ke pAsa zeTTI galI meM yaha pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira hai| yaha hai to prAcIna mandira hI, kintu 1958 meM isakA jIrNoddhAra huA hai| yahA~ padmAsana meM pArzvanAtha kI eka saMgamaramara kI mUrti hai| kAMsya kI eka caubIsI aura pItala kI navadevatA kI pratimA bhI hai| padmAvatI devI kI eka mati alaga se hai| mandira ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimA hai, jisake donoM ora eka-eka hAthI mAlA liye hue haiN| isake praveza-dvAra para sundara nakkAzI hai / daravAje kI dehalIja para bhI kamala kA phUla aMkita hai| . cikka basadi-qile ke thorAta geTa se phorTa roDa nAmaka sar3aka se 'maTha galI' ke lie rAstA jAtA hai| isa galI meM jainoM kI kAphI adhika saMkhyA hai| yahA~ bhI eka pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira hai jo ki 'cikka basadi' bhI kahalAtA hai| yaha mandira bhI prAcIna hai aura isakA jIrNoddhAra haA hai| mandira ke sAmane eka bahuta prAcIna mAnastambha hai| isa para cAroM ora kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiM / usI ke Upara cAroM dizAoM meM sarpa kA bhI utkIrNana hai jo ki kucha asAmAnya jAna par3atA hai| isa mandira kA zikhara choTA aura zaMku AkAra kA hai| belagA~va meM jaba bhI kisI muni kA Agamana hotA hai taba unheM isI mandira ke ahAte meM ThaharAyA jAtA hai| yahIM muni-nivAsa hai| vartamAna meM yahA~ yAtriyoM ko khule barAmade meM ThaharAyA jAtA hai| viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke lie do-tIna kamare bhI haiN| cikka basadi meM isa samaya navIna dharmazAlA kA nirmANa kiyA jA rahA hai| usake haoNla meM 500 taka yAtrI Thahara sakeMge aisI AzA hai| kucha kamare bhI banAe jaayeNge| yahA~ pAnI-bijalI caubIsoM ghaNTe upalabdha hai| yAtriyoM ko bartana bhI mila skeNge| dharmazAlA do-maMz2ilI hogii| vivAha Adi kAryoM ke lie yahA~ maMgala-maNDapa kI bhI vyavasthA hai| usake Upara bhI kamaroM kA nirmANa kArya jArI hai| isa prakAra cikka basadi kI yaha dharmazAlA yAtriyoM ke lie Thaharane kA
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________________ 34 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) eka upayukta sthAna ho skegii| - gurubasadi yA doDDubasadi (neminAtha devasthAna ) - maTha galI se anantazayana galI ( bAz2Ara kA ilAkA), vahA~ se tilaka cauka hokara basavAna galI hai / yahIM sthita hai uparilikhita devasthAna yA mandira jo ki do hajAra varSa purAnA batAyA jAtA hai / isakA jIrNoddhAra 1845 I0 meM huA thaa| isameM kAle pASANa kI bhagavAna neminAtha kI mukhya pratimA hai / brahmadeva aura padmAvatI kI pratimAe~ bhI haiN| garbhagRha aura usake agale koSTha ke bAda, eka bar3A haoNla hai / mandira para zikhara nahIM hai| usakI chata U~cI hai / mandira ke sAmane eka prAcIna mAnastambha hai / usake cAroM ora padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiN| Upara bhI tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiM / isake eka ora brahmadeva haiM to dUsarI ora padmAvatI / mandira meM eka prAcIna bAvar3I bhI hai / mandira meM khulA kSetra bhI kAphI hai / usake AsapAsa arcaka (pujArI) rahate haiM / ahAte kI dIvAra lAla patthara kI IMToM kI banI huI hai| zerI galI meM candraprabha mandira hai / vahA~ pahu~cane ke lie paryaTaka ko doDDa basadi se rAmaliMga galI, tilaka cauka hote hue zerI galI meM pahu~canA cAhie / yahIM para yaha mandira sthita hai / batAyA jAtA hai ki yaha mandira bhI prAcIna hai kintu usakA navInIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha bAta isa jinAlaya para kie gae raMga-rogana se bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai / isake garbhagRha ke mUlanAyaka candraprabha haiM / pratimA kAle pASANa kI hai / isI meM haiM caubIsI aura arihanta pratimAe~ / garbhagRha se bAhara ke koSTha meM pItala kA dharmacakra, jainadhvaja tathA trichatra dhvaja bhI haiM / isa koSTha se bAhara yakSa-yakSa kI pratimAe~ haiM / isakA ahAtA choTA hai| yaha mandira 'TonAna basadi bhI kahalAtA hai / uparyukta sabhI mandira purAne zahara kI sImA meM haiM / TikavAr3I kA mandira - pUnA - baMgalora roDa se uparyukta mandiroM kI yAtrA kara zerI galI se zani mandira roDa para Akara nimnalikhita mArgoM ko pAra karate hue TilakavAr3I pahu~canA cAhie - zani mandira roDa, pATila galI, sTezana roDa, (chAvanI sImA) relave sTezana, paoNvara hAusa roDa, pula ke nIce se goA roDa, TilakavAr3I relave kraoNsiMga, somavAra peTha ke bAda TilakavAr3I / dhanika evaM zikSita varga kI isa nayI tathA sApha-sutharI kAlonI meM zrI pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira, TilakavAr3I pulisa sTezana ke pAsa hai / yaha bhI hai to prAcIna kintu isakA jIrNoddhAra isa prakAra huA hai ki yaha bilakula navIna lagatA hai| isa para zikhara nahIM hai / isake pravezadvAra para, jo ki lakar3I kA hai, bahuta sundara nakkAzI hai / isake garbhagRha meM lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM ucca Asana para prasthApita hai / usa para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai aura vaha makara- toraNa tathA kIrtimukha se alaMkRta hai / pArzvanAtha mUrti ke yakSayakSa kA utkIrNana usake ghuTanoM taka huA hai / yahA~ dhAtu kI caubIsI aura navadevatA pratimAe~ bhI haiM / mandira ke AloM meM padmAvatI aura jvAlAmAlinI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / mandira kA maNDapa kAphI bar3A hai / gomaTeza nagara (gommaTa nagara yA kannaDa nAma hiMdavADI ) kA jaina mandira - gomaTeza nagara eka aisI kAlonI hai jo ki eka pahAr3I para banI huI hai / yahA~ bhI dhanika yA ucca varga kA
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________________ belagA~va | 35 nivAsa hai / yahA~ eka digambara jaina mandira hai / yaha basadi bhI bahuta purAnI evaM choTI-sI hai kintu usakA kucha vistAra kiyA gayA hai / yaha mandira muzkila se 20 phuTa caur3A aura 20 phuTa lambA jAna par3atA hai| usake AsapAsa khulI jagaha hai / mandira patthara kA banA huA hai aura usa khara nahIM hai| isa mandira ke sAtha eka janazrati jaDI haI hai jo ki belagA~va ke nAma kI sArthakatA batAtI hai aura yaha saMketa detI hai ki belagA~va meM 108 jaina mandira kyoM the| kahA jAtA hai ki choTI-sI pahAr3I para sthita isa choTe-se mandira ke AsapAsa bA~soM kA ghanA jaMgala thaa| isI kAraNa yaha nagara veNugrAma (Age calakara belagA~va) kahalAtA thaa| yahA~ 108 svAmI the| ve saba-ke-saba yahA~ dAvAnala meM bhasma ho ge| unake sAtha hI 108 mandira bhI naSTa ho ge| yahA~ ke rAjA ne jaba yaha samAcAra jAnA to use bar3A duHkha haa| isalie usane prAyazcita ke rUpa meM kile ke kSetra meM 108 jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| zAhapura (koregalI)-gomaTezanagara se koregalI jA sakate haiN| yahA~ bhI eka prAcIna mandira hai joki bar3A hai| usakA jIrNoddhAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 2452 meM huA thaa| isake garbhagRha meM saMgamaramara kI lagabhaga 3 phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana pratimA hai jisa para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai| yahA~ caubIsI evaM nandIzvara haiN| candraprabha kI kAle pASANa kI bhI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI padmAsana pratimA hai| saMgamaramara kI kAyotsarga pArzva-mUrti bhI hai jisa para chatratraya hai| bAhara padmAvatI evaM jvAlAmAlinI bhI virAjamAna haiN| isakA haoNla bar3A hai| usameM pASANa ke stambha haiM / mandira ke siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara pratimA utkIrNa hai| mandira ke sAmane sundara nakkAzIdAra mAnastambha bhI hai| uparyukta mandira ke hI sAmane eka sAdhAraNa-sA dikhanevAlA makAna (kramAMka 1993) hai| isake bhItara bhI eka prAcIna atizayayakta mandira hai jisakA nAma hai 'pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira' koregalI, zAhapura / yaha mandira pASANa nirmita hai| isa para na to zikhara hai aura na hI sAmane koI mAnastambha / kintu isa mandira meM sundara, sAtizaya mUrtiyA~ haiN| isake garbhagRha meM lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI sapta phaNAvaliyukta evaM kAyotsarga mudrA meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| mUrti makaratoraNa yukta hai| yahIM zrutaskandha aura kAMsya kI eka caubIsI hai jo ki 'utsavamUti' kahalAtI hai / isake mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga mudrA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra haiN| unake AsapAsa cApa ke AkAra meM anya teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI padmAsana mudrA meM choTI-choTI mUrtiyA~ pradazita haiN| yaha caubIsI bhI makaratoraNa yukta hai / usakA alaMkaraNa AkarSaka va mohaka hai aura usa para caMvaradhArI tathA yakSa-yakSI bhI utkIrNa haiN| saMgamaramara ke bAhubalI tathA kAMsya ke AdinAtha kAyotsarga madrA meM haiN| eka triti yA ratnatraya mati bhI yahA~ hai| sarvAta yakSa tathA padamAvatI evaM jvAlAmAlinI kI pratimAe~ bhI yahA~ haiM / kAMsya kI eka aura caubIsI bhI yahA~ hai| __atizaya- isa mandira kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti lagabhaga 450 varSa pUrva dAMDeli jaMgala ke eka kue~ meM se prApta huI thii| aneka logoM kA anubhava hai ki jo vyakti bhakti-bhAva se isa mUrti kI pUjA karatA hai use apane sAmane aisA dikhAI par3atA hai mAno bhagavAn kI A~khoM se pAnI jhara rahA hai| yadi usa vyakti ke acche dina haiM yA AnevAle haiM to mUrti ke mukha para halkI-sI muskAna dikhAI par3atI hai / yadi usa para koI saMkaTa AnevAlA ho, to usakI dRSTi meM mUrti kI mudrA
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________________ 36 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) gambhIra ho jAtI hai| yaha mUrti svapna meM bhI dikhAI detI hai| mandira ke bAhara kSetrapAla hai aura eka prAcIna kuA~ hai| eka aura janazruti isa mandira ke lakI vRkSa ke sambandha meM hai / aisA kahA jAtA hai ki agara kisI ke ghara meM koI bhujaMga (sarpa) A jAe aura yadi vaha vyakti usa samaya tatkAla mandira meM Akara bhagavAna ko namaskAra kare aura padmAvatI devI se sambandhita lakI vRkSa kI eka pattI lekara apane makAna meM sAmanevAle bhAga se praveza kare to ghara ke pichavAr3e se calA jAtA hai| isa sthAna se mahAdvAra roDa hote hue punaH pUnA-baMgalora roDa para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| uparyukta bhramaNa-krama meM hamane kamala basadi ko chor3akara pramukha ATha mandiroM kI yAtrA kii| aba sabhI 15 mandiroM ke sthAna saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM-(1) kile meM kamala basadi, (2) zeTTI galI meM, (3) basavAna galI meM, (4) zerI galI meM, (5) cikka basadi, (6) hasUra meM, (7) zAhapura meM, (8) TilakavAr3I meM, (9) gommaTanagara meM, (10) mANikabAga boDiMga meM, (11) kuDyI (bAgalakoTa roDa para) meM, (12) halagA meM, (13-14) anagola meM do mandira aura (15) goA roDa para majagA~va meN| AsapAsa ke gA~voM meM bhI jaina mandira haiM / belagA~va se lagabhaga 30 ki0 mI0 kI dUrI para ibrAhimapura nAmaka gA~va, tAluka candragar3ha (mahArASTra), meM bhI bahuta-sI prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| saMsthAe~ belagA~va meM digambara jaina saMgha bhI hai / yahA~ jainoM dvArA aneka saMsthAoM kA saMcAlana kiyA jAtA hai / belagA~va janatA zikSaNa samiti, belagA~va (pina-590016) nimnalikhita saMsthAe~ calAtI hai-1. bharateza homyopaithika meDikala kaoNleja, 2. bharateza paoNliTekanika, 3. bharateza iMDasTriyala TreniMga insTiTyUTa, 4. DaoN. caugule bharateza hAIskUla, 5. isI nAma kA eka hAIskUla kuDattI gA~va meM, 6. zrI je. Ara. Dor3anavAra hAIskala, halaga, 7. bharateza iMgliza mIDiyama skUla, 8. zrImatI mANikabAI zAradA zizu bihAra aura 9. bharateza iMgliza mIDiyama ke0 jI0 / . eka anya saMsthA gomaTeza vidyApITha, gomaTagiri belagA~va hai| isakI sthApanA muni bhadrabAhu ne kI thii| isake antargata (1) gomaTeza poliTekanika, (2) gomaTeza hAIskUla aura (3) gomaTeza iMgliza mIDiyama skUla calate haiN| __mANikabAga digambara jaina boDiMga hAusa, pUnA-baMgalora roDa, 590016 (Telifona naM. 22372) kI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai| jvAlAmAlinI zrAvikAzrama, zAhapura, belagA~va eka aisI saMsthA hai jisameM cAlIsa chAtrAoM ke AvAsa kI vyavasthA hai| mausama belagA~va ko garIboM kA zimalA kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ jUna se pharavarI taka rAteM ThaNDI hotI haiN| jUna, julAI aura agasta meM varSA bhI khUba hotI hai|
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________________ hai / belagA~va / 37 apanI vyApArika gatividhiyoM ke kAraNa belagA~va ko 'bambaI kA baccA' bhI kahA jAtA yahA~ hindI, marAThI aura kannaDa bolI tathA samajhI jAtI hai / belagA~va jile ke anya jaina sthala belagA~va jile ke anya sthAnoM meM bhI jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA hai| ye haiM-ammanagI (Ammanagi, hukkerI tAluka) meM pArzva basadi - dasavIM - gyArahavIM sadI, degA~va (belagA~va z2ilA), kadakalata (Kadaklat, hukkerI tAluka) meM pArzva basadi, kAgavAr3a (Kagvad, athAnI tAluka ) meM mahAvIra basadi, kalluhole ( Kalluhole, belagA~va jilA ) meM zilAlekha, khAnApura (Khanapur, isI nAma kA tAluka - paricaya goA ke mArga meM diyA jAegA), koNNUru (Konnur, gokAka tAluka) meM zilAlekha, neralige ( Neralige, belagA~va jilA - yahA~ kA vIrabhadra mandira pahale jaina mandira thA) meM zilAlekha, palAsike ( Palasike, khAnApura tAluka) meM zilAlekha, rAyabAga (Raybag, athAnI tAluka) meM guDDaDa basadi evaM AdinAtha basadi / (dekheM citra kra. 3), saMkezvara (Sankheshwar ,cikoDI tAluka) meM pArzvanAtha basadi, saudatti (Saudatti, isI nAma kA tAluka) ke qile meM mahAvIra basadi, yAdavADa (Yadvad, gokAka tAluka) meM pArzva basadi tathA yamakanamardI (Yamakanmardi, belagA~va tAluka) meM pArzvanAtha basadi / belagA~va se prasthAna- kucha loga yahA~ se rela yA sar3aka mArga dvArA goA ( usakI rAjadhAnI paNajI) jAte haiM / vizeSa sUcanA uttara bhArata se paryaTana basa le jAne vAle aksara logoM ko belagA~va kI 'kamala basadi ' bhI nahIM dikhAte haiM aura belagA~va yA paNajI se paryaTakoM ko dhAravAr3a, hubalI hote hue 'jogaprapAta' ( phAlsa) le jAte haiM / kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai| dhAravAr3a, hubalI pAsa meM jarUra haiM kintu inakI yAtrA bAda meM karanI caahie| aise paryaTaka do-tIna aise sthAnoM se vaMcita raha jAte haiM jo itihAsa, kalA aura sthApatya meM antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta kara cuke haiM / ye haiM (1) aihola, paTTadakala aura bAdAmI ke mandira tathA guphAe~, (2) lakkuNDI kA jinAlaya evaM saMgrahAlaya tathA ( 3 ) hampI - vizva itihAsa meM prasiddha vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI jisakI kalA Adi ke khaNDahara tuMgabhadrA nadI ke kinAre-kinAre 26 ki. mI. kSetra meM phaile hue haiN| inameM jaina smAraka bhI haiN| isa kSetra kA pahale paryaTana kilomITara kI dRSTi se bhI ThIka baiThatA hai / ataH goA bhramaNa ke bAda punaH belagA~va Akara ina sthAnoM kI ora prasthAna ucita hogA /
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________________ 38 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) paNajI (goA ) (unmukta vAtAvaraNa, prAkRtika sauMdarya kI rAjadhAnI ) avasthiti aura mArga belagA~va se rela mArga dvArA vAsko Di gAmA ( goA kA relave sTezana ) 163 ki. mI. hai / yahA~ loMDhA jaMkzana hokara jAnA par3atA hai jo ki belagA~va se 51 ki. mI. hai| yahA~ choTI lAina kI gAr3I calatI haiN| miraja dakSiNa madhya relave kA eka pramukha jaMkzana hai / yahA~ se baMgalora aura vAskoDigAmA (saMkSepa meM, vAsko), goA ke lie choTI lAina kI relagAr3iyA~ zurU hotI haiN| goA kI rAjadhAnI paNajI aura vAsko ke bIca kI dUrI 31 kilomITara hai / isalie vAsko se basa lenI hotI hai, taba kahIM paNajI pahu~cate haiM / belagA~va zahara se goA (paNajI) kA sar3akamArga isa prakAra hai- belagA~va se gujarane vAle pUnA-baMgalora roDa se belagA~va relave sTezana, vahA~ pula ke nIce se rAjamArga kramAMka 4e sIdhA paNajI ke lie jAtA hai / rAste meM 27 ki. mI. kI dUrI para khAnApura par3atA hai / yahA~ bhI zAntinAtha basadi gA~va se bAhara sthita hai / yahA~ pujArI anya sthAna se Akara pUjana kara jAtA hai / khAnApura se 26 ki. mI. kI dUrI para loMDhA nAmaka sthAna hai| loMDhA se paNajo 100 ki.mI. aura belagA~va 53 ki. mI., kAravAr3a (uttara karnATaka jilA ) 115 ki. mI. aura dhAravAr3a 62 ki. mI. haiN| baMgalora yahA~ se 598 ki. mI. hai| isa prakAra yaha sthAna relave jaMkzana hone ke sAtha hI sAtha sar3aka yAtAyAta kA bhI eka pramukha kendra hai / yahA~ se rela eka ora vAsko jAtI hai to dUsarI ora dhAravAr3a | loMr3hA se 25 ki. mI. kI dUrI para anamoDa nAmaka sthAna hai / yahA~ karnATaka sarakAra kA ceka posTa hai / anamoDa se 22 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita mole (Molem) nAmaka sthAna taka kA rAstA ghATiyoM evaM jaMgala se bharA hai / ise ghATa sekzana kahate haiM / isameM 5 mor3a itane adhika haiM ki rAta ko vAhana nahIM clte| ja~galI jAnavara bhI vahA~ pAye jAte haiM / havAI jahAja se yAtrA ke lie dillI, bambaI, belagA~va aura baMgalora se vAyuyAna upalabdha haiM / paNajI ke lie havAI aDDA DAbolima hai jo ki pagajI se 29 ki. mI. aura vAsko DigAmA se 3 ki.mI. hai / samudrI mArga dvArA bhI paNajI kI yAtrA sambhava hai / bambaI kI eka pharma mesarsa mugala lAinsa, nyU pherIvhArpha (Ferry wharf), bambaI akTUbara se maI taka apanA jahAja bambaI se paNajI taka calAtI hai| jahAja yAtriyoM ko goA sarakAra ke sacivAlaya ke sAmane utAratA hai jo suvidhAjanaka sthAna hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra abhayAraNya Upara likhe 22 ki. mI. pahAr3I aura jaMgala kA rAstA goA sarakAra ke kSetra meM AtA hai / bhArata ke saMvidhAna meM 1987 meM goA ko kendra zAsita pradeza ke sthAna para aba rAjya kA darjA prApta ho gayA hai / goA sarakAra 1 isa kSetra meM zikAra kI manAhI kara dI hai aura isa
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________________ paNajI, goA | 39 kSetra ko bhagavAna mahAvIra abhayAraNya' ghoSita kara diyA hai| yAtrI isa Azaya kA meharAbadAra borDa sar3aka ke Upara lagA huA dekha sakate haiN| goA sarakAra ke ceka posTa, vizeSakara paNajI se mole kI ora Akara, isa abhayAraNya meM praveza karane vAle yAtriyoM kI isa bAta kI bhI jA~ca karate haiM ki ve kahIM zikAra ke lie to nahIM jA rhe| uparyukta jA~ca-caukI ke pAsa goA sarakAra kA eka paryaTaka-kSetra (TUrisTa kAmpleksa) hai| saMdhyA ho jAne yA kucha dera vana ke praveza kSetra ke pAsa jo yAtrI vizrAma yA zAnti cAhate haiM ve yahA~ Thahara sakate haiN| jA~ca-caukI ke pAsa kucha dUkAneM bhI haiN| mole se paNajI kevala 58 ki. mI. hai| mole para samApta hone vAle jaMgala-ghATa ke bAda tisko nAmaka sthAna AtA hai| yahA~ se rAstA ThIka hai| tisko se poNDA (Ponda) hokara paNa kevala 29 ki. mI. hai| pUre rAste kAjU aura nAriyala ke vRkSa paryaTaka kA mana moha lete haiM / poNDA meM anya sampradAyoM ke mandira aura carca Adi haiN| goA meM jaina dharma paNajI se 10 ki. mI. pahale purAnA goA (Old Goa yA Veha Goa) rAste meM AtA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ jainadharma se sambandhita kucha zilAlekha pAe gae the jo ki isa samaya kalakattA saMgrahAlaya meM haiN| vAstava meM, goA meM jainadharma sambandhI khoja-kArya abhI nahIM huA hai| dillI se prakAzita 'hindustAna TAimsa' meM zrI pI. ema. khaNDeparkara (Khandeparker)kA eka lekha Jainism once Flourished in Goa' prakAzita haA hai| usI ke AdhAra para yahA~ kucha aura jAnakArI dI jA rahI hai| bicolima tathA poNDA tAluka ke bA~doDa meM jaina basadiyA~ tathA tAmbaDI suralA (Tambdi Surla) aura korTalima (Cortalim) se prApta jaina pratimAe~ isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa haiM ki goA meM jainadharma kA dUragAmI prabhAva thaa| hAravalema (Harvalem) jalaprapAta ke pAsa jo guphAe~ milI haiM ve bhI, kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, jaina guphAe~ haiN| goA ke bicolima tAluka meM kuDanema (Kudnem) nAmaka eka prAcIna jaina mandira aura usakA maNDapa prakAza meM AyA hai / vaha 'gujirAMce deula' kahalAtA thA jisakA artha hai gujarAtiyoM kA mandira / yaha gujarAtiyoM kA banavAyA jAna par3atA hai jo ki purtagAliyoM ke AkramaNa ke samaya belagA~va bhAga gae (purtagAliyoM ne aneka jaina mandira naSTa kie the ) tAki ve IsAI nahIM banAe jA skeN| kahA jAtA hai ki gujarAtI loga yahA~ kI yAtrA karane Ate haiN| isa mandira kA dhvaMsa 15vIM sadI meM huA pratIta hotA hai| uparyukta mandira meM garbhagRha, mukhamaNDapa aura tIrthaMkara pratimA haiN| isa mandira kI nirmANazailI bhI nAgara hai| U~cI caukI aura U~cA zikhara isako kAphI U~cAI kA AbhAsa dete haiN| sambhavataH isI ke anukaraNa para aura bhI mandira bane hoM jo aba naSTa ho ge| isa sthAna ke tAlAba kI saphAI karate samaya tIrthakara mUrti kA jo mastaka milA hai vaha kadamba rAjAoM ke z2amAne kA ho sakatA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI khaNDita mUrtiyA~ purAne goA ke carca ke ahAte meM sthita purAtattva vibhAga ke saMgrahAlaya meM haiN| purAne goA meM seMTa phrAMsisa da esisI kI kanveNTa ke prAMgaNa se eka zilApaTTa 1425-33
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________________ 40 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kA pAyA gayA hai jisake saMskRta-kannaDa lekha se ye bAteM jJAta hotI haiM-(1) vidyAnanda svAmI ke ziSya siMhanandyAcArya ke ziSya hariyaNNa sUri kA zaka saMvat 1354 meM samAdhimaraNa huA thaa| (2) siMhanandyAcArya ke ziSya muniyaNa ko bandavADi kI neminAtha basadi ke lie zaka saM. 1347 ko vAgurumbe grAma tathA zaka saMvat 1355 meM akSaya nAmaka grAma dAna meM die gae the| (3) usa samaya vijayanagara ke rAjA devarAya dvitIya ke arntagata lakkappa ke putra triyambaka kA goA para zAsana cala rahA thaa| (4) bandavADigrAma ko prAcIna kAla meM zrIpAla rAjA dvArA basAyA gayA thA tathA vahA~ maMgadaNDa ke putra virugapa ne tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA mandira banavAyA thA jisakA jIrNoddhAra AcArya siMhanandi kI preraNA se kiyA gayA thaa| uparyukta lekha se patA calatA hai ki pandrahavIM zatAbdI se pahale bhI goA meM jainadharma kA pracAra thA aura vahA~ jina-mandiroM kA nirmANa hotA thaa| goA sarakAra ne 'Tourist Directory' nAmaka eka pustikA prakAzita kI hai jo hara paryaTaka ko prApta kara lenI caahie| usameM pUjA-sthAna (Places of worship) ke arntagata hindU mandiroM kI eka sUcI dI gaI hai / isa sUcI meM yaha ullekha hai ki purAne goA meM zrI gomaTezvara (Shri Gomateshwar) kA eka mandira hai| isa mandira ko DhUMr3hate hue jaba prastuta lekhaka vahA~ pahu~cA to yaha jJAta huA ki yaha mandira bAhubalI (gomaTezvara) se sambandhita nahIM hai balki yaha gomantezvara yA zivajI kA mandira hai| jaina paryaTaka ko isa ullekha se bhrAnti ho sakatI hai| purAne goA meM eka vizAla bhavana meM bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga kA eka vizAla saMgrahAlaya darzanIya to hai kintu usameM koI jaina purAvazeSa nahIM haiN| isIke ahAte meM eka bar3A-sA carca hai jisameM IsA kI sundara mUrtiyA~ haiM / yaha saMgrahAlaya paNajI jAne vAle mukhya mArga para hI sthita hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki 16 vIM zatAbdI meM AdilazAha ne isa zahara ko basAyA thA aura vaha apanI rAjadhAnI bIjApura se yahA~ lAnA cAhatA thaa| kintu alabukarka aura usake sAthiyoM ne isa para apanA kabjA kara liyaa| smaraNa rahe, goA 1961 taka purtagAliyoM ke kabje meM thA aura jaba samajhadArI se ve nahIM haTe to svatantra bhArata kI senA ne pulisa kArravAI karake purtagAliyoM ko bhagA diyaa| goA ko paryaTakoM kA svarga kahA gayA hai| usake prati pAzcAtya paryaTaka to kAphI saMkhyA meM AkarSita hote hI haiM, bhAratIya paryaTaka bhI eka bAra goA avazya jAnA cAhate haiN| paryaTakoM kI yaha Ama dhAraNA hai ki goA meM bar3A unmukta vAtAvaraNa hai| paNajI belagA~va paha~cane para jaina paryaTaka bhI goA ko yAtrA ke AkarSaNa se baca nahIM paate| kisI sImA taka yaha saca bhI hai| prakRti ne use nirAlI chaTA dI hai| eka ora araba sAgara laharAtA hai to dUsarI ora pazcima ghATa (sahyAdri parvatamAlA) kI manorama pahAr3iyA~ haiM / nAriyala, tAr3a aura kAjU ke vRkSoM ke bIca hare-bhare cAvala ke kheta paryaTaka kA mana moha lete haiM / goA kI rAjadhAnI paNajI yA paNajima meM purtagAliyoM kI dena dezI-videzI zarAba aura AdhI rAta taka calane vAlA paoNpa saMgIta (pAzcAtya saMgIta) kadama-kadama para mileNge| aneka paryaTaka inhIM bAtoM se
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________________ paNajI, goA | 41 AkarSita hote haiN| aise sundara sthAna deza ke anya bhAgoM meM bhI haiN| ina bAtoM se dUra rahane vAle paryaTaka ke lie yahA~ halakI garama jalavAyu, aura samudra kA sundara kinArA bhI paryApta AkarSaka haiN| yahAM para pahale se hI kisI sarakArI hoTala meM sthAna surakSita na karA sake to use Thaharane ke lie adhika kirAyA denA par3atA hai, kyoMki yahA~ ke hoTala sadA bhare rahate haiM / goA paryaTana vibhAga ne vibhinna kirAyoM ke hoTaloM kI lambI sacI prakAzita kI hai jo ki paryaTakoM ko niHzalka milatI hai| Thaharane kI kaThinAI ke atirikta zAkAhArI paryaTaka ko bhojana-nAzte ke lie pahale yaha sunizcita kara lenA cahie ki vahA~ machalI Adi mA~sAhArI vastue~ to nahIM bntiiN| yahA~ pAva-bhAjI adhika khAI jAtI hai| paNajI zahara mAMDovI nadI ke bAe~ kinAre para basA hai / isa nadI kA pATa kAphI caur3A hai| yahA~ bAga-bagIcoM, bahumaMjilI imAratoM ke atirikta kucha carca aura zrI maMgeza mandira aksara paryaTaka dekhate haiM / zahara ke pIche alTinho pahAr3I hai jo ise bhavyatA pradAna karatI hai| batAyA gayA hai ki yahA~ eka jaina mandira kA bhI nirmANa hogaa| yahA~ aneka rAjyoM ke loga rahate, vyApAra karate haiM aura hindI bahuta acchI taraha samajhI aura bolI jAtI hai| vaise yahA~ koMkaNI (marAThI kI eka bolI)mUla bhASA hai| purAne goA meM do carca vizeSa rUpa se prasiddha haiM / eka 16vIM sadI meM banA 'besilikA oNpha baoNma jIsasa' hai jahA~ IsAI santa phrAMsisa jeniyara ke avazeSa cA~dI kI eka peTikA meM rakhe haiN| dUsarA carca seMTa ketheDrala hai| isake pA~ca ghaNTAloM meM se eka sone kA hai jo ki vizva ke acche ghaNTAloM meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyasta jaina paryaTaka yadi paNajI pahu~ca hI jAtA hai to vaha goA ke do aura sundara sthAnoM kI yAtrA kara sakatA hai / eka to vAsko Di-gAmA nAmaka zahara aura dUsarA kalaMguTa nAmaka samudrI kinAre / donoM bhinna-bhinna dizAoM meM haiN| ___ vAsko Di-gAmA-yaha paNajI se 31 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai / paNajI meM basa-sTaiNDa ke pAsa maDagA~va (Margam) roDa hai jo ki rASTrIya rAjamArga kramAMka-17 kahalAtA hai| kucha kilomITara yAtrA ke bAda yAtrA bar3I AnandadAyaka ho jAtI hai| sar3aka para juArI (Zuari) nadI kA nayA bar3A pula hai aura vahA~ se rAjamArga kramAMka 17e lagabhaga 12 kilomITara isa nadI ke kinAre calate hue vAsko Di-gAmA pahu~cAtA hai| rAste ke dUsarI ora choTI pahAr3I aura nAriyala ke per3a anokhA dRzya upasthita karate haiM / vAsko relave sTezana ke Asa-pAsa bAz2Ara hai, sarakArI hoTala aura sUcanA kendra bhI haiN| yahA~ bhI aneka bahumaMjilI imArateM haiN| zAkAhArI bhojana kI bhI hoTaleM haiM / yahA~ se dAbolima havAI aDDA kevala 3 kilomITara yA zahara ke bAhara hI sthita hai| isI prakAra maDagA~va hArvara (bandaragAha) kevala 3-4 kilomITara hai| rela to yahA~ taka AtI hI hai| kalaMguTa samudrI kinArA (Calangute Beach)-goA ke sabase sundara samudrI kinAroM meM isakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| yaha paNajI se 16 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita hai| paNajI basa-sTaiNDa se ovarabrija pAra kara lagabhaga 3 ki. mI. calane para pAnI ko eka TaMkI ke pAsa se sar3aka kalaMguTa samudrI kinAre kI ora jAtI hai / yahA~ AbAdI hai, dUkAneM haiM, basa sTaiNDa hai, sarakArI hoTala bhI haiM / samudrI
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________________ 42 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kinArA lagabhaga eka kilomITara lambA evaM bhavya hai / araba samudra kA pAnI kinAre para kucha maTamailA hai| gaharI bArIka maTamailI retI kI isake kinAre bahuta lambI-caur3I kAlIna bichI hai, aisA lagatA hai| vAsko Di-gAmA aura kalaMguTa donoM hI sthAnoM ke lie sarakArI baseM calatI haiM / kalaMguTa se vApasa paNajI lauTanA caahie| isa prakAra paryaTaka ko goA kI yAtrA samApta kara vApasa belagA~va AnA cAhie tAki vaha kalA evaM itihAsa ke kSetra meM antarrASTrIya khyAti ke cAra sthAnoM-aihola, paTTadakala, bAdAmI aura hampI kA kalA-sthApatya vaibhava dekhane se vaMcita na raha jaae| ye sthAna chor3a dene lAyaka bilakula bhI nahIM haiN| vizeSa sUcanA paNajI se belagA~va lauTane para kucha loga yaha salAha de sakate haiM ki ve belagA~va se sIdhe dhAravAr3a (loMr3hA se bhI rAstA hai) hote hue hubalI cale jAe~ / uttara bhArata kI paryaTaka baseM prAyaH yaha mArga apanAtI haiM kintu aisA karane meM paryaTaka kA hita nahIM hai / vaha Upara likhe kalA-kSetroM ko dekhane se vaMcita raha jAtA hai| unheM dekhakara dhAravAr3a-hubalI kI ora Ane meM kucha kilomITara kI bacata bhI hotI hai| isalie belagA~va ke bAda paryaTaka kA agalA par3Ava bAgalakoTa honA caahie| bAgalakoTa avasthiti evaM mArga bAgalakoTa bIjApura jile kA eka tAluka hai| sar3aka-mArga dvArA belagA~va se bAgalakoTa 140 ki. mI. hai| rAstA prAyaH vRkSahIna choTI pahAr3iyoM se gujaratA hai| bar3e gA~va dUra-dUra taka nahIM milate / lokApura nAmaka sthAna para kucha suvidhA milatI hai| pAnI kI vyavasthA rakhanI caahie| rAste meM jaina mandira nahIM haiN| vaise yaha nagara bIjApura se bhI sar3aka-mArga (lagabhaga 90 ki. mI.) aura rela-mArga dvArA bhI jur3A huA hai / zolApura se hubalI aura baMgalora se zolApura taka calane vAlI golaguMbaja eksapresa yahA~ AtI hai| jo paryaTaka sArvajanika basoM yA rela dvArA yAtrA kara rahe hoM unheM yaha salAha dI jAtI hai ki ve bAgalakoTa meM relave sTezana ke pAsa ke kisI acche hoTala meM Thaharakara, aihola kI yAtrA kara AveM / bAgalakoTa meM TUrisTa baMgalA nahIM hai| bAgalakoTa kA prAcIna nAma bAgaDige (Bagadige) batAyA jAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha nagara rAvaNa ke vajantriyoM (saMgItajJoM) ko dAna meM prApta huA thaa|
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________________ vAlI aihola / 43 kSetra-darzana uparyukta nagara meM pArzvanAtha basadi nAmaka eka digambara jaina mandira hai| isameM dasavIM zatI se lekara unnIsavIM zatI taka kI sundara pratimAe~ haiN| pahalI maMjila para virAjamAna lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga pratimA ke sAtha sundara nakkAzI hai| sAta phaNoM isa pratimA kI sarpa-kuNDalI bhagavAna ke pairoM taka AyI hai / isa para chatra aura ovara nahIM haiN| mUrti ke Asana para kannar3a meM tIna paMktiyoM kA lekha hai| dasavIM zatAbdI kI dharaNendra kI bhI eka pratimA isa mandira meM hai| bArahavIM sadI kI AdinAtha kI ardhapadmAsana pratimA ke donoM ora do sAdha hAtha jor3e pradarzita haiN| isa para sambhavataH telugu meM lekha hai| unnIsavIM zatAbdI kI sahasraphaNI padmAsana pArzvanAtha pratimA ke Asana para sarpa kA cihna hai| isakI nakkAzI bhI manohArI hai| pandrahavIM sadI ko lagabhaga 18 iMca U~co bAhubalI kI mUrti ke gale meM trivalaya (tIna rekhAe~) utkIrNa haiM aura kAna kandhoM taka citrita haiM / latAe~ tathA bAmiyA~ to haiM hii| mandira meM navadevatA kI eka kAMsya pratimA hai jo kucha ghisa gaI hai| isa para nau devatAarhanta, siddha, AcArya, AdhyAya, sAdhu, jinadevatA, jinavANI jinadharma aura jinamandira(eka cakra ke rUpa meM pradarzita) utkIrNa haiM / isa para tamila meM ATha paMktiyoM kA eka lekha bhI hai| yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ kannaDa, telugu aura tamilabhASI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI acchI saMkhyA rahI hogI aura unameM paraspara adbhuta bhrAtRbhAvanA rahI hogii| bAgalakoTa meM belagA~va roDa para eka zvetAmbara mandira bhI hai| aihola (mandiroM kA gA~va) avasthiti evaM mArga bIjApura jile ke nakzoM meM isa gA~va ke aMgrejI nAma haiM-Aivalli yA Aihole / sthAnIya janatA 'aiholI' kahatI hai| prAcIna nAma aivilla, ayyAvale yA Aryapura haiN| _isa gA~va taka do relave sTezanoM-bAgalakoTa yA bAdAmI-se basa dvArA paha~cA jA sakatA hai| vaise bAgalakoTa se sar3aka kA rAstA acchA hai| belagA~va se rAyacUra sar3aka-mArga bAgalakoTa hokara gujaratA hai / bAgalakoTa aura hunagunda (Hongund) ke bIca meM amInagar3ha (45 ki. mI.) nAmaka sthAna se eka dUsarI sar3aka aihola ke lie jAtI hai| isa mArga para baseM bhI adhika haiM / amInagar3ha se aihola (9 ki. mI.) ke lie basa yA meTADora mila jAtI haiM / bAgalakoTa se aihola (46 ki. mI.) ke lie sIdhI basa-sevA bhI hai| dUsarA sar3aka-mArga bAdAmI se paTTadakala hote hue hai / bAdAmI se aihola kI basa grAmINa
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________________ 44 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kSetroM se gujaratI hai, yAtrI ko asuvidhA hotI hai / vAstavika kaThinAI aihola se paTTadakala pahu~ca meM hotI hai| paTTadakala se bAdAmI ke lie aneka baseM haiM yA meTADora mila jAtI haiM / yadi koI paryaTaka bAdAmI se paTTadakala hote hue aihola basa dvArA pahu~canA cAhe to use pahale aihola dekhanA cAhie, usake bAda paTTadakala / kamaTagI bAgalakoTa-amIna gar3ha - aihola mArga para kamaTagI (Kamatgi) nAmaka sthAna hai / yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi meM bhI 10vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI taka kI pArzvanAtha, candraprabha evaM caubIsI kI manohArI pratimAe~ haiM / padmAsana meM pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya pratimA para phaNa haiN| dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ke atirikta pratimA ke sAtha nau grahoM kA utkIrNana dhyAna dene yogya hai / isI mArga para bAgalakoTa se lagabhaga 40 kilomITara kI dUrI para kRSNA nadI ke bAe~ taTa para jainapura nAmaka eka gA~va hai| karnATaka sarakAra ke bIjApura sambandhI gaz2eTiyara meM likhA hai ki isa gA~va kA nAma yahA~ ke prAcIna jaina nivAsiyoM ke kAraNa par3A hogaa| yahA~ aba jaina mandira nahIM hai / aitihAsika mahattva aihola gA~va kisI samaya cAlukya rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI rahA hai| isake atirikta yaha vyApAra kA bhI eka pramukha kendra thA / sabase mahattvapUrNa tathya to yaha hai ki yaha 'mandiroM kI nagarI' thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ kisI samaya lagabhaga 150 mandira the / kintu aba yahA~ lagabhaga 70 mandiroM ke avazeSa dekhe jA sakate haiM / ye mandira jaina, vaiSNava aura zaiva sampradAyoM sambandhita haiM / mandiroM ke atirikta yahA~ guphA mandira bhI haiM / vAstuvidoM kA mata hai ki yahA~ kucha zatAbdiyoM taka vibhinna zailiyoM ke mandiroM ke nirmANa ke prayoga calate rahe / kintu vibhinna zailiyoM ke mandira ke nirmANa meM yaha bAta adhika sambhava lagatI hai ki cAlukya rAjA uttara bhArata aura dakSiNa bhArata ko milAne vAle pradeza para zAsana karate the / unakA rAjya uttara meM narmadA (gujarAta, mAlavA) taka aura dakSiNa meM samudra taTa se samudra taTa taka thA / una dinoM jaba bhI kisI pradeza para vijaya prApta kI jAtI thI, taba jIte gaye pradeza ke kArIgaroM, zilpiyoM ko bhI vijayI rAjA apane sAtha le jAte the / zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki aihola, paTTadakala aura bAdAmI, ina samIpastha sthAnoM meM uttara bhArata ke zikharavAle mandira aura dakSiNa bhArata ko vimAna zailI ke mandira dekhane ko milate haiM / jo bhI ho, aihola ke mandira nirmANa prArambhika avasthA ke acche udAharaNa haiM / uparyukta adhikAMza mandiroM kA nirmANa cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla huA thA / aihola sthita 'meguTI' nAmaka jaina mandira meM AcArya ravikIrti racita jo zilAlekha lagA hai usase cAlukya vaMza kI vaMzAvalo prApta hotI hai / anuzruti hai ki cAlukya rAjAoM kA mUla puruSa ayodhyA se dakSiNa bhArata meM AyA thA / jo bhI ho, isa vaMza kA saMsthApaka jayasiMha mAnA jAtA hai jo ki pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM huA hai / vaha jainAcArya guNacandra vasucandra aura vAdirAja kA Adara karatA thA / usakI
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________________ aihola / 45 saMtati meM pulakezI prathama huA jo vIra aura kuzala zAsaka thaa| usane bhI jaina mandira ke lie dAna diyA thaa| usake rAjya meM jainadharma kA khUba pracAra thA aura usake samaya meM aihola eka pramukha jaina kendra bana gayA thaa| usakA putra kIrtivarmana jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usane 567I. meM jaina mandira ke lie dAna diyA thaa| vikhyAta jaina itihAsajJa DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ke anusAra, usI ke samaya meM 585 I. meM yahA~ meguTI nAmaka jaina mandira banA aura eka gurukula kI sthApanA huI / kIrtivarmana ke bAda rAjya usake bhAI maMgalIza ke hAthoM meM calA gyaa| usane rAjadhAnI aihola se haTAkara vAtApi (Adhunika bAdAmI) meM sthApita kii| maMgalIza ne 597 se 608 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| usake samaya meM hI cAlukyoM ke eka uparAjA kI patnI kI kokha se mahArASTra ke alakAka nagara (altema) meM jainAcArya akalakadeva kA janma huA thaa| usI kAla meM bAdAmI kI prasiddha zaila-guphAoM (Rock caves) kA nirmANa prArambha huaa| . cAlukya vaMza kA sabase prasiddha, zaktizAlI tathA apane rAjya kA samudra-taTa taka aura revA nadI taka vistAra karane vAlA rAjA pulakezI dvitIya huaa| usane 608 se 642 I. taka zAsana kiyaa| usakA apara nAma yA upAdhi 'satyAzraya' thii| usa samaya uttara bhArata meM kannauja kA harSavardhana kaliMga aura gujarAta ke mArgoM se dakSiNa bhArata taka apanA sAmrAjya phailAnA cAhatA thaa| kintu pulakezI dvitIya ne usake aneka prayatna viphala karake 'paramezvara' upAdhi dhAraNa kI thii| donoM hI zAsaka zaktizAlI the| harSavardhana bauddhadharma ke prati adhika AkRSTa thA to pulakezI dvitIya jainadharma kI ora / donoM hI anya dharmoM kA Adara karate the| jainadharma ke prati pulakezI dvitIya kI vizeSa prIti kA pramANa hai aihola sthita 'meguTImandira' kI pUrvI dIvAla para utkIrNa jainAcArya ravikIti dvArA likhA gayA zilAlekha jo Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / yaha zilAlekha zaka saMvat 556 kA hai yAnI IsvI san 634 kaa| isa zilAlekha meM, jo ki saMskRta meM hai, AcArya ravikIti ne cAlukyoM kI vaMzAvalI dete hue pulakezI dvitIya ke parAkrama, vijaya aura guNoM kA varNana kAvyamaya zailI meM kiyA hai / pulakezI ne AcArya ravikIti ko paryApta rUpa se sammAnita kiyA thaa| usane meguTI mandira ke lie sambhavataH dAna bhI diyA thA / AcArya ravikIrti svayaM apane ko kAlidAsa aura bhAravi ko koTi kA kavi mAnate the| yaha tathya isa zilAlekha meM ullikhita hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva bhI inhIM ravikIti ke ziSya batAye jAte haiN| isa rAjA ke samaya meM cInI yAtrI hvanasAMga bhI bhArata AyA thaa| usake yAtrA-vivaraNa se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki pulakezI dvitIya ke samaya meM karnATaka tathA zeSa dakSiNa bhArata meM jainoM, jaina sAdhuoM evaM jaina mandiroM kI saMkhyA bauddhoM se kahIM adhika thii| isa samaya pulakezI dvitIya vAtApi (Adhunika bAdAmI) meM zAsana kara rahA thaa| usane IrAna ke zAsaka se bhI upahAroM kA AdAna-pradAna kara mitratA sthApita kI thii| dakSiNa ke zAsaka pallaveza narasiMhavarman se eka yuddha meM usakI mRtyu ho gii| usake uttarAdhikArI vikramAditya prathama 'sAhasAMka' yA 'sAhasatuMga' (642-680 I.) ko bhI pallavanareza se yuddhoM meM apanA jIvana bitAnA pdd'aa| vaha bhI jainadharma kA samarthaka thaa| usI ke samaya meM akalaMkadeva ne kaliMga deza kI rAjadhAnI ratnasaMcayapura meM bauddhoM se zAstrArtha kara unheM harAkara 'bhaTTa' upAdhi grahaNa kI thii| . cAlukya vaMza ke uttaravartI rAjA bhI jainadharma ke prati udAra the aura unhoMne aneka jinAlayoM ko paryApta dAna diyA thaa|
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________________ 46 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) aihola ko cAlukya mandira nirmANa zailI kI janmabhUmi yA prayogasthalI kahA gayA hai / yahA~ IsvI 450 aura 650 ke bIca lagabhaga sau mandiroM kA nirmANa huA batAyA jAtA hai jinameM se 70 ke lagabhaga dhvasta avasthA meM aba bhI bikhare par3e haiM / ye mandira uttara bhAratIya lambe zikharoM vAle bhI haiM aura dakSiNa bhAratIya zailI ke zikharoM - guMbada yA ulaTe pyAle ke AkAra vAle haiM / kSetra-darzana aihola ke pramukha mandiroM ko dekhane ke lie paryaTaka ko kama-se-kama eka dina kA samaya Avazyaka hai / vaha bhI taba jaba ki vaha kisI gAiDa ko apane sAtha le le / sarakArI basa paryaTaka ko gA~va meM le jAtI hai jahA~ varSA dhUpa se bacane ke lie koI zeDa nahIM hai| basoM ko asuvidhA to hai hI / pUchane para hI patA calatA hai ki basa amuka sthAna para rukatI hai| hAlA~ki karnATaka sarakAra ne ise paryaTana sthala rUpa meM a~grejI aura phreMca bhASAoM meM paricaya-parce Adi chapavAkara vijJApita kara rakhA hai / kalA aura sthApatya sAhitya meM to aihola kA pramukha sthAna hai hI, paryaTakoM ke vizrAma ke lie vahA~ karnATaka sarakAra kA eka TUrisTa ba~galA hai| vaise Thaharane ke lie anya koI sAdhana nahIM hai / isalie paryaTaka ko isa suvidhAasuvidhA ko pahale se hI soca lenA cAhie / gA~va se saTA huA eka mandira -samUha hai| vahIM durgA mandira ke pAsa gAiDa mila sakatA hai / uparyukta mandiroM ke pAsa hI purAtattva vibhAga dvArA khudAI kI jA rahI hai / koI mandira bhUgarbhastha ho gayA, aisA AbhAsa hai / yaha sthAna gauDara mandira ke pAsa hai / hucimallI mandira -- gA~va ke mandira-samUha meM eka durgA mandira hai / purAtattva vibhAga ne yahA~ eka sUcanA phalaka lagAyA hai jisameM 20 mandiroM yA mandira-samUhoM ke nAma ginAe gae haiN| inameM jaina mandira meguTI aura gA~va ke pAsa ke jaina mandira samUha kA bhI ullekha hai / isa sUcI meM pahalA nAma 'hucimallI' mandira kA hai / kannaDa bhASA meM hucillI kA artha hai 'pAgala strI' arthAt yaha vaha mandira hai jahA~ kisI samaya koI pAgala aurata rahA karatI 1 isI prakAra anya mandiroM ko bhI nivAsa sthAna banA liyA gayA thA / lADakhA~ mandira - yaha mandira durgA mandira ke pAsa hI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki pahale yaha eka jaina mandira thA / kintu yahA~ ke garvanara lADakhA~ usameM rahane lage to isakA nAma lADakhA~ mandira hI par3a gayA / mandira kI racanA lagabhaga ardhavRttAkAra hai / yaha baluA patthara kA banA huA hai / isakA nirmANa 450 I. meM huA mAnA jAtA hai / isake maNDapa ke stambha itane vizAla, vizeSakara bIca ke cAra - lagabhaga 4 phuTa caur3e haiM ki isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki yaha mandira guphA - mandira ke anukaraNa para banAyA gayA hogA / kucha kama U~cAI ke stambhoM kI do katAreM bhI inake Asa-pAsa haiM jisase yaha eka bar3A sabhAmaNDapa sA lagatA hai / isameM baiThane kA bhI sthAna mukha-maNDapa ke khule stambhoM ke sAtha-sAtha banA huA hai / isake eka stambha para mithuna aura daravAje kI caukhaTa para yamunA nadI apane sevakoM ke sAtha utkIrNa (aba naSTaprAya) dekhI jA sakatI haiN| isakI chata sabhI ora DhalavA~ hai / zikhara nahIM hai / do garbhagRha haiM jo ki aba khAlI haiM / stambhoM para mauktika mAlAoM, kAmakrIDArata yugala, hAthiyoM, chata meM kamala, gajalakSmI, caeNvara aura chatra Adi kA sundara aMkana hai / mithuna kA prayoga aneka sthAnoM para hai| do
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________________ aihola / 47 dIvAloM meM patthara kI sundara jAliyA~ lagAI gaI haiM / bAraha rAziyoM kA cakra aura cAlukya vaMza rAjakIya cihna bhI yahA~ utkIrNa haiM / aba yahA~ nandI virAjamAna hai / yaha mandira basa sTaoNpa ke bilakula pAsa meM hI hai / yahA~ ke kucha mandiroM meM kucha logoM ne apanA DerA banA liyA thaa| purAtattva vibhAga unheM tathA yahA~ se kucha makAna hI haTavA dene kA prayatna kara rahA hai| ye mandira draviDa, nAgara aura kadamba zailI ke kahe jAte haiM aura cAlukya tathA rASTrakUTa vaMzoM ke rAjyakAla meM nirmita mAne jAte haiM / meguTI mandira - jaina paryaTaka ke lie sabase mahattvapUrNa evaM darzanIya mandira hai 'meguTI - mandira' / uparyukta mandira - samUha se isa mandira kI ora jAne ke lie TUrisTa baMgalA ke pAsa eka guphA hai jo ki 'rAvaNaphar3I' kahalAtI hai / usase kucha Age calane para choTI pahAr3I para eka mandira dikhAI detA hai / vahI meguTI mandira hai (dekheM, citra kra. 14 ) / meTI kA kannar3a bhASA meM artha hotA hai 'Upara kA' / cU~ki yaha Upara pahAr3I para sthita hai, isalie logoM ne ise 'meguTI mandira' nAma de diyA / guTI mandira ke lie rAstA jyotirliMga mandira-samUha se hokara hai| pahAr3I ke nIce kucha makAna haiM jinake pAsa se 124 sIr3hiyA~ car3hane para meguTI mandira pahu~cA jAtA hai| pahAr3I ke isa mandira se malaprabhA nadI, mandiroM, aihola gA~va aura dUra-dUra taka kI pahAr3iyoM kA sundara dRzya dikhAI detA hai / mandira ke pAsa eka sarakArI prazikSaNa vidyAlaya bhI hai| yaha vidyAlaya mAno usa jaina gurukula kA smaraNa karAtA hai jisakA saMcAlana AcArya ravikIrti kiyA karate the / usameM jaina darzana aura nyAyazAstra kI ucca zikSA dI jAtI thI / yaha bhI vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki mahAna jaina tArkika bhaTTa akalaMka ne AcArya ravikIrti se zikSA prApta kI thI / inhIM akalaMka ne ur3IsA ke ratnasaMcayapura meM chaha mAha taka zAstrArtha karake apane pratidvandviyoM ko harAyA thA / usake bAda unheM 'bhaTTa' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| inake prasiddha grantha haiM - 'tattvArtha rAjavArtika', 'aSTazatI', 'nyAyavinizcaya', 'siddhivinizcaya', 'laghIyastrayI', aura 'pramANa saMgraha' / AcArya ravikIrti ke bAda unheM hI isa jaina gurukula kA adhyakSa banAyA gayA thA / meTI mandira meM AcArya ravikIrti kA jo prasiddha zilAlekha Aja bhI lagA hai, usake anusAra isakA nirmANa 634 IsvI meM huA hogA / isa lekha meM ise 'AcArya ravikIrti dvArA nirmApita' kahA gayA hai / sambandhita paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM "satyAzrayasya paramAptavatA prasAdam zailaM jinendrabhavanaM bhavanaM mahimnAm / nirmApitaM matimatA ravikIrtinedam // " yahA~ satyAzraya se Azaya cAlukyanareza pulakezI dvitIya se hai / usakA dUsarA nAma satyAzraya thA / lekha meM kahA gayA ki satyAzraya kI kRpA se yA usakI prasannatA se AcArya ravikIrti ne isa zailamandira kA nirmANa karAyA / samaya ke thaper3oM ne isa mandira ko kAphI nukasAna pahu~cAyA hai, aisA kucha vAstuvidoM kA
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________________ 48 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) mata hai| kinhIM kA mata hai ki isake kucha bhAga adhUre hI raha ge| sthiti jo bhI ho, mandira isa samaya dhvasta avasthA meM hai, yaha bAta isake sAmane kA bhAga dekhane para spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kahIM-kahIM isakI dIvAloM para aMkana adhUrA raha gayA hai| isase bhI anumAna hotA hai ki mandira ke nirmANa ke samaya pahale patthara jar3a die jAte the aura bAda meM una para chenI calAI jAtI thii| arthAt pahale se hI utkIrNana karake stambha, dIvAla Adi khar3e nahIM kie jAte the| jo bhI ho, isakA alaMkaraNa adhika sUkSma hai| yaha mandira dakSiNa bhAratIya yA dravir3a zailI kA hai| isakA zikhara bhI adhUrA raha gayA hai yA naSTa ho gayA hai| megaTI mandira kI caukI yA adhiSThAna para bhI sundara aMkana hai| usa para hAthI aura gAyaka Adi utkIrNa kie gae haiN| madhyavartI dIvAloM ko zilAoM para devakoSTha bane haiM jo aba mUrtiyoM se rahita haiM / isake stambha bhI baluA patthara ke haiM kintu ve utane moTe nahIM haiM jitane lADakhA~ yA durgA mandira ke / isa dRSTi se bhI yaha unnata mandira-nirmANa kalA kA udAharaNa hai| isake sAmane kA agramaNDapa yA praveza-maNDapa khulA hai aura aneka stambhoM se yukta hai| isameM stambhoM kI saMyojanA isa prakAra kI gaI hai ki eka pradakSiNA-patha hI bana jAtA hai / isa prakAra yaha eka sAMdhAra yA pradakSiNA-patha yUkta mandira mAnA jAtA hai / mandira kI dIvAla meM kahIM-kahIM patthara kI jAlI kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / garbhagRha yA mUrti kA mukhya sthAna sAdhAraNa hai| usameM bhI stambha kA prayoga hai / isa samaya usameM jo padmAsana mUrti hai vaha khaNDita hai| garbhagRha se thor3A pIche haTakara do pArzva mandira aura haiM / isa kAraNa ise trikUTa' yA tIna mandiroM kA samUha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| garbhagRha ke Upara bhI eka caukora garbhagRha dUsarI maMjila para hai| usameM bhI sAdhAraNa patthara kI vedI para padmAsana tIrthaMkara kI eka khaNDita mUrti hai| isa mandira meM AcArya ravikIrti kA jo saMskRta zilAlekha bAhara kI ora lagA hai usase prasiddha saMskRta kavi kAlidAsa kA samaya-nirdhAraNa karane meM bhI sahAyatA milI hai| mandira vizAlakAya hai aura usakA ahAtA bhI bar3A hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa, mandira nirmANakalA ke itihAsa (isI mandira kI nirmANa-tithi kA patA zilAlekha se nizcita rUpa se calatA hai) tathA jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se yaha mandira atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| meguTI mandira meM zAsanadevI ambikA kI eka anUThI mUrti hai / devI paira-para-paira rakhakara AmravRkSa ke nIce AsIna hai / usake sAtha anucara haiM / bAe~ paira ke pAsa eka siMha hai| eka paricAraka ke pAsa usakA priya putra hai jo devI ko putra dete hue pradarzita hai| . yahIM se 11vIM sadI kI bhaTTAraka kI eka mUrti prabhAmaNDala sahita prApta huI hai jisake vakSa aura kandhoM para mahIna vastra hai| vaha yahA~ ke ziva mandira meM hai| yaha mandira purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai| dvitala guphA mandira-megaTI mandira ke pAsa hI nIce kI ora eka do-maMz2ila yA dvitala gaphA jaina mandira hai (dekheM citra kra. 15) / isa gaphA-mandira kI lambAI lagabhaga 30-35 phuTa hai| isake sAmane ke maNDapa yA barAmade ke cAra moTe stambha aura bhitti stambha sAmane hI dikhAI dete haiM / ina stambhoM aura bAhara kI caTTAnoM para kucha nAma aMkita haiN| kucha stambhoM para chaThI sadI ke brAhmI meM lekha bhI haiN|
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________________ aihola | 49 anumAna hai ki yaha guphA-mandira sAtavIM sadI meM nirmita kiyA gyaa| yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki isakA kucha bhAga prAkRtika hai, kucha bhAga caTTAna kATakara banAyA gayA hai to kucha bhAga mandiroM kI bhA~ti nirmita hai| jo bhI ho, guphA-mandira bAdAmI ke guphA-mandira se bhI vizAla kintu kama alaMkRta hai| guphA-mandira meM do maNDapa haiM jo ki Upara se banAe gae haiN| chata meM bhI eka tIrthaMkara yA bhaTTAraka mUrti utkIrNa hai / garbhagRha kI caukhaTa aneka zAkhAoM vAlI hai| usa para sundara aMkana hai| use pazu, patrAvalI, puSpoM, mAnava Adi se khUba sajAyA gayA hai| kucha laghu mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| hAtha jor3e bhakta bhI pradazita haiN| yahA~ mastakahIna eka tIrthaMkara mUrti lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI hai jo ki AThavIM zatAbdI kI jAna par3atI hai| isake maNDapa ke sire para tIna zailotkIrNa mandira bhI nirmita haiN| mIna basadi-meguTI pahAr3I ke dakSiNa-pUrva meM eka aura jaina guphA-madira hai jo ki 'mIna basadi' kahalAtA hai / yaha eka tala kA hai aura isake Upara caTTAna hai| isakA nirmANa bhI sAtavIM sadI ke anta meM yA AThavIM sadI ke prArambha meM huA hogA, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| isameM arahanAtha kI mati hai jisakA lAMchana matsya hai| pratimA ardhapadmAsana meM hai. usake pIche eka bar3A takiyA hai| bhAmaNDala sAdhAraNa hai| Upara ca~varadhArI aura chatratraya bhI pradarzita haiN| pratimA sAtavIM sadI kI pratIta hotI hai| yahIM para pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM phaNAvalI yukta pratimA bhI hai| sarpakUNDalI usake pIche kI ora gaI hai| eka phaNa se yukta dharaNendra, aura padmAvatI ko khar3e hue dikhAyA gayA hai| dharaNendra ke hAtha meM eka chatra hai / ye donoM dAhinI ora haiM / bAIM ora vidyAdhara utkIrNa haiN| eka bhakta ko baiThe dikhAyA gayA hai| kamaTha ko Upara se upasarga karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| tapasyA meM rata bAhubalI kI eka sundara mUrti bhI yahA~ hai jo ki sAtavIM zatAbdI kI arthAta zravaNabelagola kI prasiddha mUrti se bhI prAcIna hai| bAhabalI kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiN| unake pIche jaMgala jaisA pradarzita hai| unake kandhoM para kezoM kI jaTAe~ svAbhAvika rUpa se laharAtI dikhAI gaI haiM / nIce bAmI ke donoM ora sarpa nikalate dikhAye gaye haiN| bAhubalI kI donoM bahineM brAhmI aura sundarI latAoM ko bAhubalI ke zarIra para se haTAtI huI dikhAI gaI haiM / (dekheM citra kra. 16) mukhya garbhagRha kI chata para khile hue bar3e kamala ke phUla kA sundara aMkana hai| vaha eka caukhaTe meM banA hai| usake Asa-pAsa puSpAvalI sundara DhaMga se citrita hai| usake cAroM ora trikoNoM meM mIna-yugala Adi mAMgalika padArtha utkIrNa haiN| garbhagRha ke sAmane ke madhyavartI maNDapa kI chata meM bhI bar3e AkAra kI mIna aMkita hai| sambhavataH isI mIna ke utkIrNana ke kAraNa hI ise 'mIna basadi' kahA gyaa| __isa mandira meM dvArapAla kA aMkana bhI mohaka hai| vaha tribhaMga mudrA meM hai| usake eka hAtha meM kamala hai, dUsarA par3ha para hai. aura motiyoM kI mAlA hai| eka baunA puruSa tathA anucaroM sahita eka strI bhI aMkita hai| mahAvIra kI padmAsana mUrti ke atirikta yahA~ do ardhanirmita mUrtiyA~ hai jo pArzvanAtha ke mAtA-pitA kI batAI jAtI haiM / eka zobhA-yAtrA bhI citrita hai|
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________________ 50 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) zailotkIrNa mandira - meguTI pahAr3I kI pazcimI DhalAna para caTTAna kATakara banAyA gayA athavA zailotkIrNa choTA-sA mandira bhI hai / yaha bhI sAtavIM sadI meM nirmita mAnA jAtA hai / isakA mukhamaNDapa sAdhAraNa hai| garbhagRha kA pravezadvAra trizAkhA zailI kA hai / usI se garbhagRha meM praveza kiyA jAtA hai| mUrti ke pAdapITha para aMkita siMha kI AkRti se yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki usa para mahAvIra svAmI kI mUrti virAjamAna rahI hogI jo ki kAlAntara meM naSTa ho gaI / vaise yaha bhI satya hai ki anya tIrthaMkaroM ke AsanoM para bhI tIna yA pA~ca siMha aMkita kie jAte the / gA~va ke lADakhA~ mandira vApasa lauTa AnA cAhie aura gA~va meM sthita mandira dekhane cAhie / gA~va meM sthita jaina mandira gA~va meM pArzva basadi nAmaka eka mandira gyArahavIM sadI kA hai jo ki dhvasta avasthA meM hai / yaha kucha bar3A hI lagatA hai / isakA dvAra saptazAkhA prakAra kA hai / isake siradala para tIrthaMkara pratimA utkIrNa hai / patrAvalI kA aMkana bhI sundara hai / bArahavIM sadI kI lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI pratimA para sAta phaNa haiM / mUrti padmAsana meM hai / usakA Asana pA~ca siMhoM ke sira para hai / donoM ora gaja bhI aMkita jAna par3ate haiM / pratimA bhI khaNDita yA ghisa gaI jAna par3atI hai / gyArahavIM sadI kI hI eka aura tIrthaMkara pratimA makaratoraNa se yukta hai / usake donoM ora ca~varadhArI pratimA ke mastaka se Upara taka utkIrNa haiM / chatratraya va bhAmaNDala ke sAtha hI Asana para pA~ca siMha pradarzita haiM / anya mandira - maTha aihola meM aura bhI aneka jainamandira haiM jinheM tIna pramukha samUhoM ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / ye haiM- cAraNTI maTha samUha, yeniyavAra guDI samUha tathA yogI nArayaNa samUha | cAraNTI maTha kisI samaya eka samRddha jaina kendra rahA hogaa| yaha gA~va kI pUrva dizA meM hai / yahA~ ke mukhya mandira kA pravezadvAra uttara kI ora hai / praveza maNDapa meM alaMkaraNayukta stambha haiM / usake bAda kucha bar3A sabhA maNDapa hai jisameM cAra stambha haiM / usake bAda hai garbhagRha jisameM mahAvIra svAmI kI mUrti hai / isake pravezadvAra ke siradala ke tIna stara haiM / sabase Upara kAyo - tsarga mudrA meM bAraha tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / bIca ke stara meM padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiN| eka stara meM mandiroM ke zikharoM jaisA aMkana hai / maNDapa ke stambhoM para puSpoM-patroM kI sundara DijAina hai / isa mandira meM dUsarI maMz2ila bhI hai / vahA~ pahu~cane ke lie eka hI patthara meM khA~ce banAkara sIr3hiyA~ banAI gaI haiN| Upara bhI eka garbhagRha aura eka maNDapa tathA agramaNDapa haiM / isakA zikhara bhI draviDa zailI kA hai / pUrva aura pazcima meM do laghu mandira bhI sabhAmaNDapa se jur3e haiM / inake siradala para bhI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM, kintu garbhagRha meM mUrti nahIM hai / mandira kI dIvAla meM 1119 I. kA kannar3a meM eka zilAlekha hai jisake anusAra, cAlukya rAjavaMza ke tribhuvanamalla vikramAditya SaSTha ke zAsana kAla meM 'ayyAvole ke 500 svAmiyoM'
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________________ aihola | 51 (saMgha) ke zeTTI kezavayya ne isa mandira kI marammata aura saMvardhana ke lie. sthAyI dAna diyA thaa| zilAlekha se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya (11voM sadI meM) yaha mandira jIrNa ho cukA thA arthAt yaha mandira bhI bahuta prAcIna hai / uttarI chora para jo eka upamandira hai usake dvAra kI caukhaTa para bhI sundara nakkAzI hai| daravAjoM para caubIsa tIrthaMkara utkIrNa kie gae haiM / cAraNTI maTha se eka caukora galiyArA hai aura dvAra kI caukhaToM para vimAnoM kI anukRtiyA~ haiN| isakA zikhara dakSiNa bhAratIya zailI kA hai| ye mandira kisI samaya cAraNTI maTha ke AdhIna ho gae, isalie cAraNTI maTha mandira kahalAte haiN| cAraNTI maTha ke pAsa kA mandira sAtavIM yA AThavIM zatAbdI kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai / isameM sambhavataH mahAvIra svAmI kI mUrti rahI hogii| aba usakI hatheliyA~ nahIM haiM / Asana bhI dhvasta hai| usa para pA~ca siMha aura donoM ora hasti-zIrSa kA aMkana hai| garbhagRha kA dvAra pacazAkhA prakAra kA hai| bAyA~ bhAga TUTa gayA hai| usake siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / stambhoM ko sundara DhaMga se utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| do upamandira bhI haiM jinake pravezadvAroM ke siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| eka khaDgAsana khaNDita pratimA bhI hai| yaha mandira samUha madinaguDI aura tryambakezvara mandira samUhoM ke pAsa hai| aihola meM eka saMgrahAlaya bhI hai jisameM khaNDita tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiN| yeniyavAragur3I mandira samUha meM 6 mandira haiN| isa samUha ke pazcima-mukhI eka mandira kI racanA dasavIM sadI kI jAna par3atI hai| usameM praveza ke lie uttara kI ora stambhoMyukta eka praveza-maNDapa hai| usake siradala para gajalakSmI kA aMkana hai| isakI sajAvaTa ke lie vyAlavari kA aMkana darzanIya hai| yaha bhI do-maMz2ilA hai| kintu aba zikhara, stUpI yA grIvA kucha bhI zeSa nahIM hai| yaha bhI dakSiNa bhAratIya yA draviDa zailI kA mandira hai| isake Asa-pAsa ke mandiroM meM bhI aba mUrti nahIM haiN| uparyukta samUha kA eka aura mandira hai jisakA mukha dakSiNa kI ora hai / yaha mandira caukora maNDapa-prakAra kA hai| usameM alaMkaraNayukta cAra bhitti stambha haiN| isakI chata samatala hai aura muMDera se yukta hai kintu nIce kI ora kI chata DhaluA hai| isI samUha ke eka aura mandira (kendrIya) kA mukhya AkarSaNa usake dvAra kA sundara utkIrNana yA sajjA hai| aba garbhagRha meM eka vRttAkAra pITha hai aura usa para zivaliMga sthApita hai| isake navaraMga ke do konoM para do upamandira bhI haiN| caukI sAdhAraNa hai| yogInArAyaNa mandira samUha meM eka bar3A pUrva-mukhI mandira hai| yaha mandira trikUTa yA tIna mandiroM kA samUha hai| tInoM mandiroM kI eka vIthikA (gailarI) hai jo bAharI maNDapa kI ora khulatI hai / garbhagRha meM jo pAdapITha hai aura jo anya cihna haiM, unase jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ kisI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti virAjamAna rahI hogii| kintu aba yahA~ mahAvIra ke sthAna para kArtikeya kI pratimA sthApita hai| trikUTa ke garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha kI paoNlizadAra mUrti hai| isa mandira kA zikhara aba zeSa nahIM hai| isakI racanA-zailI se ise dakSiNa bhAratIya zailI kA mAnA jAtA hai| mandira ke stambha baluA patthara ke haiM / isa kAraNa bhI isakI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| yaha mandira-samUha virUpAkSa mandira ke pAsa hai|
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________________ 52 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) __ yahA~ ke zivamandira meM tIna jaina avazeSa bhI darzanIya haiM / unameM se eka hai 11vIM sadI kI jvAlAmAlinI yakSI kI mUrti (citra kra. 17) / yakSI lalitAsana meM hai| usake mastaka para eka chatra hai, tathA mukuTa meM candraprabha bhagavAna utkIrNa haiM / yakSI ke ATha hAtha pradarzita haiM / dUsarI vastu, gyArahavIM-bArahavoM sadI kI eka bhaTTAraka-mUrti hai| bhaTTAraka padmAsana meM haiM, unake mastaka ke Asa-pAsa prabhAmaNDala hai aura apane vakSasthala tathA kandhoM para ve mahIna vastra dhAraNa kie hue haiN| tIsarI vastu, tIrthakara kA eka Asana hai| yaha bhI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM sadI kA hogaa| Asana ke Upara tIna chatra haiM, ca~varadhArI bhI haiM tathA eka cApa hai| Asana (pAdapITha) meM pA~ca siMha utkIrNa haiN| vidyAdhara-mUrti aihola kI eka anupama kalAkRti isa samaya dillI ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya (myUz2iyama) meM hai| yaha hai vidyAdhara mUrti / isameM vidyAdharoM ko AkAza meM ur3ate hue bar3e AkarSaka DhaMga se dikhAyA gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki unake kapar3oM meM havA bhara gaI hai aura unake Asa-pAsa bAdala taira rahe haiN| smAraka aihola gA~va ke dakSiNa-pazcima daravAz2e ke bAhara hanumanta kI eka Adhunika vedI hai| urAke sAmane ke dhvajastambha ke pASANa ke pAdukAtala meM eka vIragala yA smAraka hai| usa para prAcIna kannaDa meM eka lekha hai| pASANa ke dUsare bhAga meM padmAsana meM jinendra-mUrti hai| donoM ora yakSiNiyA~ haiM, cavaradhArI haiM aura zeSa bhAga meM yaha ullekha hai ki ayyAvole ke pA~ca sau mahAjanoM ne dAna diyA thaa| vizeSa-sUcanA aba aihola kI yAtrA samApta hotI hai| agalA darzanIya sthala hai paTTadakala / vahA~ Thaharane, bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA nahIM hone se yaha parAmarza diyA jAtA hai ki nijI vAhana vAle aihola se paTTadakala jAe~ aura vahA~ se bAdAmI / jo sArvajanika vAhana se yAtrA kareM ve aihola se paTTadakala hote hue sIdhe bAdAmI yA aihola se bAgalakoTa aura vahA~ se bAdAmI jAe~ tathA vahA~ se paTTadakala aaeN| yaha dhyAna rahe ki paTTadakala chor3a dene lAyaka sthAna nahIM hai| pUrAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM sundara udyAna ke bIca aneka darzanIya ajaina mandira aura eka jaina mandira hai| kula pA~ca-cha: ghaNTe kA samaya paryApta hai| aihola se paTTadakala ke lie sArvajanika vAhana kI aura Thaharane Adi kI hI asuvidhA hai|
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________________ paTTadakala | 53 paTTadakala avasthiti aura mArga rela-mArga dvArA yahA~ pahu~cane ke lie bAdAmI relave sTezana sabase pAsa par3atA hai jo ki hubalI-zolApura relave-mArga para hai aura bAgalakoTa ke bAda AtA hai| relayAtrI ko bAdAmI relave sTezana se bAdAmI nagara basa-sTaiNDa AnA par3atA hai jo ki sTezana se cAra-pA~ca ki. mI. dUra hai| basa-sTaiNDa se basoM ke atirikta Tempo, meTADora bhI sTaiNDa ke bAhara khar3e milate haiN| isa prakAra bAdAmI se paTTadakala jAnA aura vApasa AnA adhika suvidhAjanaka hai| aihola se bhI paTTadakala Ane-jAne ke lie baseM haiM kintu bahuta hI kama haiM aura jAne vAlI tathA vApasa Ane vAlI basoM ke samaya meM antara bhI bahuta kama hai| isalie paryaTaka ko asuvidhA ho sakatI hai| sar3aka-mArga dvArA bAdAmI se paTTadakala 29 ki. mI. aura aihola se 21 ki.mI. kI dUrI para hai / paryaTaka-basa yA nijI vAhana vAle logoM ke lie bAgalakoTa-aihola-paTTadakalabAdAmI yAtrA ThIka hai| kintu sArvajanika vAhana dvArA yAtrA karane vAloM ko bAdAmI se hI yahA~ AnA jAnA ThIka rhegaa| kSetra-darzana paTTadakala ke mandiroM Adi ko dekhane ke lie kama-se-kama Adhe dina kA nyanatama samaya Avazyaka hai| zilAlekhoM meM isa sthAna kA nAma 'paTTada kisuvalala' diyA gayA hai| yaha sthAna malaprabhA nadI ke kinAre basA huA hai| jahA~ sArvajanika basa rukatI haiM vahIM bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga dvArA nirmita eka sundara udyAna meM dasa jainetara mandiroM kA eka samUha darzanIya hai| aisA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai ki aihola, bAdAmI yA paTTadakala-ina tIna sthAnoM meM se kisI eka sthAna ke mandira meM cAlukya rAjAoM kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA karatA thaa| paTTadakala bhI una sthAnoM meM se eka hai jahA~ ki mandira nirmANa ke prayoga hue the| yahA~ uttarabhAratIya zailI ke rekhA nAgara prAsAda (mandira) haiM to dakSiNa bhAratIya vimAna-zailI ke mandira bhI haiM / yahA~ ke jambUliMga, kAzI vizvezvara aura galaganAtha mandira zikharamaNDita uttara bhAratIya zailI ke devasthAna haiM to saMgamezvara, virUpAkSa aura mallikArjuna mandira dakSiNa bhAratIya zailI-caukora chata tathA uttarottara kama hote jAne vAle taloM se yukta zikharavAle mandira haiN| ye mandira tIsarI zatAbdI se lekara nauvIM zatAbdI ke bIca nirmita hue haiN| yahA~ khule AkAza ke nIce eka saMgrahAlaya bhI hai| jainetara mandiroM meM saMgamezvara, virUpAkSa aura mallikArjuna mandiroM kI kalA dekhane lAyaka hai| inameM devI-devatA, mithuna, mauktika mAlAe~, narasiMha aura rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA bhAgavata ke dRzya aMkita kie gae haiN| paTTadakala kA prAcIna jaina mandira-yaha uparyukta mandira-samUha se lagabhaga AdhA kilomITara kI dUrI para bAdAmI jAne vAlI sar3aka ke kinAre sthita hai| yaha mandira yahA~
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________________ 54 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) sar3aka ke kinAre bane carca kI pichalI dIvAra ke pAsa hai| donoM kA ahAtA sAtha-sAtha lagatA hai| isI ke pAsa prAimarI heltha seNTara bhI hai| bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hote hue bhI isa mandira taka pahu~cane ke lie pakkA mArga nahIM hai / yaha hai to sar3aka se lagabhaga do sau gaja kI dUrI para hI kintu pakkA mArga to honA hI caahie| jaina mandira kA ahAtA kAphI bar3A hai aura usameM IMToM ke kisI bhavana ke khaNDahara haiM tathA eka pakkI gaharI bAvar3I bhI hai| rASTrakUTa zAsakoM ne apane zAsana-kAla meM do mahattvapUrNa mandiroM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| eka to elaurA kA kailAza nAmaka mandira aura dUsarA paTTadakala kA jaina mandira / vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki paTTadakala kA jaina mandira AThavIM sadI ke antima caturthAMza meM nirmita huA hogaa| ___ yaha mandira acche baluA patthara se nirmita hai| isa mandira kA adhiSThAna (caukI) apekSAkRta kama U~cAI kA hai / yaha vizAla mandira caukora vargAkAra hai| isakA zikhara bhI isI prakAra kA hai| isa kAraNa isako gaNanA dakSiNa bhAratIya zailI ke mandiroM meM kI jAtI hai| mandira kA mukhamaNDapa yA praveza-maNDapa aneka stambhoM se nirmita hai / ye stambha bhI baluA patthara ke haiN| ye tIna ora bane haiM aura mandira ko bhavyatA pradAna karate haiN| inakI gola kaTAI aura ina para utkIrNa motiyoM kI mAlAe~ AkarSaka haiN| aba yaha mandira dhvasta avasthA meM hai| isake mukhamaNDapa ke kucha bhAga para chata bhI nahIM hai| mukha-maNDapa ke bAda navaraMga-maNDapa hai| isake praveza-dvAra para donoM ora do vizAlakAya hAthI bane haiN| ye hI isa mandira kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA haiM / hAthiyoM kA aisA sundara aMkana karnATaka meM zAyada kahIM nahIM hai / ye hAthI ATha-nau phuTa U~ce haiM, una para mahAvata AsIna haiM, unakI sUMDa meM mAlA aura nAriyala haiN| praveza-dvAra saptazAkhAyukta jAna par3atA hai| usameM sabase nIce pUrNa kumbha kA utkIrNana hai| navaraMga maNDapa ke stambha lagabhaga cAra phuTa caur3e haiN| unakI sundara DhaMga se gola aura caukora kaTAI kI gaI hai| yaha maNDapa AvRta hai, khulA nahIM hai / ise antarAla ke mAdhyama se vimAna vAle bhAga se jor3a diyA gayA hai| isa antarAla ke nAsikAnoM para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara evaM anya mUrtiyA~ haiN| garbhagRha kA dvAra nau zAkhA vAlA hai / usake siradala para makaratoraNa tathA patrAvalI utkIrNa haiM / garbhagRha ke dvAra ke pAsa donoM ora khulA rAstA hai| garbhagRha meM aba koI mUrti nahIM hai| kevala gola-sA eka patthara gar3A hai / sambhavataH isa para mUrti virAjamAna rahI hogii| nIce jo garbhagRha hai usI ke Upara (dUsarI maMjila para) eka choTA garbhagRha hai jo vargAkAra zikhara jaisA dikhAI detA hai| Upara jAne ke lie mukhamaNDapa meM eka lambI zilA Ter3hI rakhI huI hai| use hI kATa kara sIr3hiyA~ banAI gaI haiN| Upara ke garbhagaha kI bhittiyA~ nIce kI antaH bhittiyoM ko hI Upara taka le jAkara banAI gaI haiN| kula milAkara yaha mandira bhI vAstukalA kA eka vizeSa udAharaNa hai| isake do hAthI hI isakI utkRSTatA ke lie paryApta haiN| vartamAna meM yaha mandira purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai, yahA~ pUjana nahIM hotii|
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________________ bAdAmI / 55 bAdAmI avasthiti evaM mArga ___ sar3aka-mArga dvArA bAgalakoTa se bAdAmI kI dUrI 79 ki. mI. hai| purAne kintu abhI bhI pracalita nakzoM meM ThIka-ThIka mArga evaM dUrI jJAta nahIM hotii| kintu 1984 meM karnATaka rAjya sar3aka parivahana nigama dvArA prakAzita nakzoM ke anusAra, bAgalakoTa se kamaTagI jAnA cAhie aura vahA~ se baadaamii| isa mArga para karnATaka sarakAra kI semo lakz2arI baseM bho calatI haiN| rela dvArA yAtrA karane vAloM ke lie zolApura-hubalI relave lAina para bAgalakoTa se Age bAdAmI relave sTezana milatA hai / yahA~ pahu~cane para yAtriyoM ko kucha asuvidhA ho sakatI hai, kyoMki bAdAmI tAluka se sTezana cAra-pA~ca kilomITara kI dUrI para hai aura savArI ke nAma para kevala tA~gA hI upalabdha hai| yahA~ Thaharane ke lie gaira-sarakArI acche hoTala nahIM haiM, na hI jaina-dharmazAlA hai / paryaTana vibhAga kA hoTala kucha maha~gA hai| isa asuvidhA kI cintA nahIM karate hue bhI bAdAmI avazya dekhanA caahie| jaina paryaTakoM ke lie yahA~ kA jaina guphA-mandira darzanIya hai jise jI bharakara dekhane-samajhane ke lie kama-sekama AdhA dina Avazyaka hai| isa sthAna kA prAcIna nAma bAdAmi, vAtApI (pi) puro, bAdAvI athavA bAdAmI adhiSThAna thaa| eka aitihAsika nagara ___ Aja kA bAdAmI kisI samaya eka aitihAsika nagara thA / yahA~ cAlukya rAjAoM kA zAsana chaThI zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka rahA, jabaki yaha nagara ina rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI rahA / cAlukyanareza maMgaleza ne rAjadhAnI aihola se haTAkara yahA~ sthApita kI thii| eka khar3A U~cA pahAr3a aura eka vizAla jhola usa samaya rAjadhAnI ke lie upayukta samajhe gae hoNge| ___ cAlukya rAjAoM ke samaya meM yaha nagara dharma, saMskRti, kalA aura vidvattA kA kendra thaa| saMgIta ke kSetra meM Aja bhI bAdAmI ko smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM karnATaka saMgIta prArambha karane se pahale 'vAtApi-gaNapatiM bhaje' arthAta 'vAtApi ke gaNapati ko smaraNa karatA hU~' vandanA kI jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yahA~ do cakravatiyoM-tRtIya somezvara tathA usake putra jagadekamalla ne sabase pahale saMgIta ke prakaraNabaddha grantha kI racanA kI thii| jahA~ taka kalA kA prazna hai, yahA~ ke guphA-mandira Aja bhI usakA pramANa de rahe haiN| - cAlukya zAsaka vaise to vaiSNava dharma ke anuyAyI the kintu unhoMne zaiva, jaina aura anya dharmoM ko bhI paryApta protsAhana diyA thA evaM ve unakA Adara karate the| yahA~ eka hI pahAr3a meM thor3e-thor3e antara se nirmita vaiSNava, zaiva aura jaina guphA-mandira isakA pratyakSa paricaya dete haiN| mandiroM aura durga-nirmANa meM bhI ye Age the| cAlukyanareza maMgaleza ne isa nagarI meM guphAmandiroM kA prArambha kiyA thA aisA mAnA jAtA hai|
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________________ 56 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) yahA~ ke zAsakoM meM pulakezI dvitIya atyanta pratApI evaM udAra nareza huA hai| usake samaya meM cAlukya sAmrAjya kI sImA pUrva meM ur3IsA, pazcima meM dhArApurI (eliphaiNTA), dakSiNa meM pallava rAjya taka aura uttara meM narmadA nadI taka pahu~ca gaI thii| kannauja ke samrATa harSavardhana se bhI usane Takkara lI thI aura use harAyA thA tathA 'paramezvara' kI upAdhi grahaNa kI thii| usane harSavardhana ko narmadA se Age bar3hane hI nahIM diyaa| IrAna ke zAsaka khusaro ne usake rAjadarabAra meM apanA dUta bhejA thaa| cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne bhI pulakezI ke rAjya kI prazaMsA kI hai| aihola ke meguTI mandira (jaina mandira) meM jo zilAlekha Aja bhI lagA hai, usameM bhI jainAcArya ravikIti ne isa nareza aura usake parAkrama evaM guNoM kI jI bhara prazaMsA kI hai| cAlukya vaMza ne yahA~ 200 varSoM taka rAjya kiyaa| unake bAda rASTrakUToM ne, phira kalacuriyoM ne, tadanantara devagiri (daulatAbAda), vijayanagara, AdilazAhI Adi zAsakoM kA yahA~ zAsana rhaa| bAdAmI nagara lAla raMga ke baluA pattharoM vAle do choTe pahAr3oM ke bIca meM basA huA hai| ye pahAr3a lagabhaga 400 phuTa U~ce haiN| inhIM do pahAr3oM ke bIca meM svaccha jala vAlA eka sarovara hai jise 'agastya tIrtha' kahA jAtA hai / pahAr3iyoM ke Upara kilA hai jisameM jAne ke lie khataranAka lagane vAlI sIr3hiyA~ haiN| kile ke lie mArga guphA-mandira ke pAsa se hai kintu aba acchI dazA meM nahIM hai / guphA-mandira kile ke pazcimI bhAga meM sthita hai| guphA-mandira paryaTana sAhitya aura vAstu-vivaraNoM meM yahA~ cAra guphA-mandira batAe jAte haiN| kintu vAstava meM yahA~ pA~ca guphAe~ haiN| eka guphA, jo ki prAkRtika lagatI hai, tIsarI aura cauthI guphA ke bIca meM hai| isameM kucha aMkana bhI haiM kintu zAyada yahA~ mandira nirmita hote-hote raha gyaa| isake lie kucha bar3e pattharoM para se car3hakara jAnA par3atA hai, vaise cAra-pA~ca sIr3hiyA~ bhI haiM / yaha anya guphAoM ke rAste meM hai / eka guphA-mandira to zahara se hI dikhAI detA hai| bAdAmI se gadaga kI ora jAne vAlI sar3aka para, jahA~ bAdAmI nagara kA anta mAlUma par3atA hai vahIM, pahale nicalI DhalAna para calane ke bAda guphA-mandiroM taka jAne ke lie pahAr3I para pakkI sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| eka dIvAla jaisI racanA bhI ina sIr3hiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha calatI hai| ina sIr3hiyoM se Upara jAne para sabase pahale hameM zaiva-guphA milatI hai jo ki guphA-mandira kramAMka 1 hai / yaha zilA ke adhobhAga meM banA hai| guphA ke Upara lagabhaga 30 phITa zilA jAna paDatI hai| isameM stambhoMyUkta barAmadA (mukhamaNDapa), caukora stambhoMyukta mahAmaNDapa (haoNla) aura caTTAna ko kATakara banAyA gayA eka garbhagRha hai / garbhagRha meM zivaliMga hai jo uttarakAlIna racanA jAna par3atI hai| guphA-mandira kramAMka 2 aura 3 (donoM hI vaiSNava) kI tulanA meM yaha madhyama AkAra kI hai| isameM mauktika mAlAoM evaM ziva ke tANDava nRtya sambandhI dRzya hameM AkarSita karate haiN| guphA-mandira kramAMka 2 vaiSNava mandira hai| isakA bAharI bhAga tIsa-paiMtIsa phITa caur3A jAna par3atA hai aura isake Upara kA zilA-bhAga lagabhaga pacAsa phiitt| isameM bhI maNDapoM kI racanA pahalI guphA ke samAna hai| kintu isameM chata para svastika, kamala Adi kA aMkana, vAdaka
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________________ bAdAmI | 57 aura nartaka dala, mauktika mAlAe~ aura dvArapAla Adi kA utkIrNana dhyAna dene yogya hai / isa guphA mandira se donoM parvatoM ke bIca ke sarovara ke sundara dRzya kA Ananda liyA jA sakatA hai / sAmane hI dUsare parvata para cAra-pA~ca mandira dikhAI par3ate haiM / guphA mandira 3 se pahale qile kA dakSiNI bhAga hai aura sIr3hiyA~ dikhAI detI haiM / isake pravezadvAra para nAladaNDa sahita kamala zobhate haiM / qile meM purAnI topa rakhI hai / yahIM sIr3hiyoM ke pAsa se bAdAmI kI Adhunika AbAdI kA acchA dRzya dikhAI detA hai / isa guphA ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki cAlukyanareza maMgalIza ne ise IsvI san 578 meM nirmita karAyA thA / usI samaya usane apanI rAjadhAnI aihola se haTAkara bAdAmI meM sthApita kI thI / yaha guphA mandira sabase bar3A hai| isake mukhamaNDapa yA sAmane ke barAmade kI caur3AI lagabhaga 70 phITa hai aura guphA kI gaharAI lagabhaga 65 phITa / U~cAI meM yaha lagabhaga 15 phITa hai / isake Upara lagabhaga 50-60 phITa U~cI zilA hai jisase pAnI risatA rahatA hai| pravezamaNDapa ke sAtha utkIrNa saMgIta-vAdaka maNDalI, vizAla stambhoM para sUkSma nakkAzI, paurANika dRzya, zeSanAga para viSNu jinake Upara phaNAvalI hai, mithuna, kAmakrIDArata yugala, hanumAna Adi anya utkIrNa kRtiyA~ dekhane lAyaka haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki isa guphA evaM anya ajaina guphAoM kI dIvAloM para utkIrNana bAda meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha guphA bAdAmI nagara se bhI dikhAI par3atI hai / vAstuvidoM kA mata hai ki ye guphA - mandira isa krama se nirmita hue - pahale kramAMka 3, phira 2 aura 1 tathA sabase bAda meM kramAMka 4 | jaina guphA mandira : mUrti - zilpa kI anokhI zobhA ina guphA-mandiroM meM sabase antima arthAt guphA mandira kramAMka 4 jaina mandira (citra kra. 19 ) hai / itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki isakA nirmANa pUrvokta ajaina guphAoM ke lagabhaga sau varSoM bAda huA hogA / yaha guphA mandira 31 phITa caur3A aura 16 phITa gaharA hai / isake Upara lagabhaga 40 phITa zilA hai jo ki Tukar3e-Tukar3e dikhatI hai / isake Upara bhI pAnI risatA rahatA hai / isake sAmane khulA A~gana bahuta kama hai aura sIr3hiyoM kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai / isake ekadama nIce sarovara kA sundara dRzya dikhAI detA hai / isa guphA mandira ko yahA~ ke loga 'meNa basadi' bhI kahate haiM / anya guphAoM se Upara sthita hone ke kAraNa ise 'megaNa basadi' (arthAt Upara kA mandira ) kahA jAtA thA jo ki kAlAntara meM 'meNa basadi ho gayA / yahA~ 7-8vIM sadI ke eka-do zilAlekha bhI haiN| 1 yaha mandira 'AkAra meM laghutama kintu alaMkaraNa meM sarvotkRSTa' hai / isa guphA mandira ke praveza-maNDapa yA barAmade meM cAra sthUlakAya stambha aura do bhitti-stambha haiM / ina para motiyoM kI mAlA kA sundara evaM sUkSma aMkana darzaka ko AkarSita karatA hai / ye stambha vargAkAra haiM aura inakI sajAvaTa ke lie kamala, mithuna, makara, vallariyoM Adi kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai inake zikhara kalaza aura kumbha se suzobhita haiM / stambhoM kI zilA ko chainI se kureda-kureda kara kalApUrNa banAyA gayA hai aura unameM tIrthaMkaroM kI laghumUrtiyA~ ukerI gaI haiM / ina laghumUrtiyoM ke kendra bhAga meM mahAvIra kI kucha bar3I mUrti hai / aisA lagatA hai ki isa guphA mandira 1
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________________ 58 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) ke eka-eka iMca sthAna kA upayoga tIrthaMkara mUrtirUpI ratnoM se maNDita karane meM kiyA gayA hai| kucha mUrtiyA~ khaDgAsana haiM to kucha padmAsana meM / stambhoM ko surasundariyoM ke aMkana se bhI sajAyA gayA hai| isa guphA-mandira kI chata meM bhI sundara, AkarSaka utkIrNana hai| isake kendrIya bhAga meM AkAzacArI vidyAdhara pradarzita haiM / unakA aMkana aisA hai mAno unake vastroM meM havA bhara gaI ho aura ve sacamuca hI havA meM taira rahe hoN| isa prakAra kA aMkana aihola ko chor3akara karnATaka meM zAyada hI aura kahIM ho| isI prakAra eka bhAga meM kuNDalI mAre nAga kA aMkana bhI mana ko lubhAtA hai| yahA~ raMgIna dRzya bhI aMkita haiN| uparyukta guphA-mandira ko tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA eka vizAla saMgrahAlaya kahane meM koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| phira bhI tIna vizAlakAya mUrtiyoM kI ora hamArA dhyAna vizeSa rUpa se jAtA hai / ye mUrtiyA~ bhagavAna AdinAtha, supArzvanAtha aura bAhubalI kI haiN| AdinAtha kI pratimA lagabhaga 8 phITa U~cI hai aura cauthe stambha se jur3e barAmade kI dAhinI dIvAla meM hai| ye AdinAtha caubIsI ke mUlanAyaka haiN| unake Upara tIna chatroM kA aMkana hai jinake bIca meM eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| chatroM ke Upara golAkRti meM phUlapattI aMkita haiN| isa kAyotsarga pratimA ke donoM kandhoM taka jaTAe~ pradarzita haiN| sira ke donoM ora ca~vara tathA pIche bhAmaNDala darzAe gae haiN| yakSa-yakSI bhI utkIrNa haiN| barAmade ke bAIM ora supArzvanAtha kI lagabhaga 8 phITa U~cI pratimA hai| isa para pA~ca phaNa haiN| yaha mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| isake phaNoM ke Upara bhI phaNa jAna par3atA hai| eka bhaktA ko ghuTanoM ke pAsa baiThI dikhAyA gayA hai| yaha mahilA jakkavvA hai jisane, yahA~ lage zilAlekha ke anusAra, bArahavIM sadI meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| . isa guphA-mandira kI pArzvanAtha mUrti bhI darzanIya hai| kAyotsarga mudrA meM yaha mUrti sAta phaNoM se yukta hai| kintu usa para eka hI chatra aMkita hai| sarpa-kuNDalI bhagavAna kI mUrti ke pIche taka gaI hai| bAhubalI kI adbhuta prAcIna mUrti isa guphA-mandira meM bAhubalI (citra kra. 20) kI lagabhaga 8 phITa U~cI eka sundara pratimA hai| yaha zravaNabelagola kI pratimA se bhI prAcIna hai| isa mUrti kA nirmANa IsA kI chaThI yA adhika se adhika sAtavIM sadI meM arthAt lagabhaga 1300 varSa pUrva huA hogaa| sAdhAraNa taura para, bAhubalI pratimA ke kandhoM para jaTAoM kA aMkana nahIM kiyA jAtA, kintu isa pratimA ke donoM kandhoM para kezoM kI do-do laTeM laTakatI huI aMkita kI gaI haiN| isake pairoM ke pAsa eka-eka sarpa donoM ora ghuTanoM se nIce taka utkIrNa haiM aura ghuTanoM se Upara bhI donoM ora eka-eka sarpa prazita haiN| donoM ora eka-eka sarpa kI pUMcha kandhoM ke pAsa bala khAkara sira kI U~cAI taka citrita kI gaI haiM / bAhubalI kI donoM bahinoM-sundarI aura brAhmI kA bhI yahA~ sundara aMkana hai| bAhubalI ke kezoM kA jUr3A bhI AkarSaka rUpa meM utkIrNa hai| kula milAkara, yaha pratimA adbhuta, AkarSaka evaM apane DhaMga kI nirAlI hai| mahAmaNDapa ke bAda, caTTAna ko hI kATakara banAyA gayA eka choTA-sA garbhagRha hai / isameM
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________________ lakkuNDi / 59 praveza ke lie tIna sIr3hiyA~ aura candrazilA hai| pravezadvAra paMcazAkhAyuvata hai jisa para belabUTe kI sUkSma nakkAzI kI gaI hai| isake siradala para bhI nakkAzI dikhAI detI hai jo kuchakucha miTa gaI jAna par3atI hai| donoM ora do tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM dikhAe gaye haiN| pravezadvAra ke donoM ora do dvArapAla bhI utkIrNa haiN| mandira ke garbhagRha meM padmAsana meM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA hai jisakI pahicAna tIna siMhoM vAle usake Asana se hotI hai| pratimA dhUmila par3a gaI hai aura use vikRta kara diyA gayA hai| mUrti kA bhAmaNDala sAdhAraNa hai aura cApAkAra hai| mUrti para tIna chatra haiM jo ki alaga-alaga haiM aura ulaTI jhA~jha kI taraha dikhAI dete haiN| pratimA ke sira se Upara taka ca~varadhArI citrita haiM aura azoka vRkSa-sA aMkana bhI hai| chata meM AkAzacArI vidyAdharoM ko darzAyA gayA hai| ye garbhagaha ke sAmane kI chata meM bhI pradarzita haiN| yaha jaina guphA-mandira sabase U~cA hai aura choTA hote hue bhI mUrti-zilpakalA kA eka adbhuta saMgrahAlaya hai| nau iMca se lekara ATha-nau phITa U~cI taka kI anaginata mUrtiyA~ isa pUre guphA-mandira meM suzobhita ho rahI haiN| yelammA kA mandira __pahAr3a se nIce utarakara sarovara ke kinAre pahu~cane para devI yelammA kA dravir3a zailI kA eka choTA-sA sundara mandira hai| usake siradala para gajalakSmI, garbhagRha ke bAhara do choTe-choTe pattharoM para caraNa aura nAgaphalaka dekhe jA sakate haiN| bhUtanAtha mandira-samUha ___ sarovara ke dUsarI ora bhUtanAtha mandira-samUha hai| yahA~ upAdhyAya yA AcArya parameSThI ko upadeza-mudrA meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| ve tIna siMhoMvAle Asana para virAjamAna haiN| unake donoM ora sira se Upara taka ca~varadhArI aMkita haiN| saMbhavataH azoka vRkSa kA bhI aMkana hai| stambhoMyukta eka cApa ke siroM para makara utkIrNa haiM / ye upadezaka ke pIche alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM prayukta haiN| lakkuNDi bAdAmI, paTTadakala, aihola kI kalA-kRtiyA~ dekhane ke bAda, nizcaya hI paryaTaka vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI hampI ke kalAvazeSoM ko zIghra se zIghra dekhanA cAhegA kintu mArga meM eka aura mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai lkkunnddi| yaha rAjamArga para hai aura yahA~ purAtattva vibhAga ne adhikAMzataH jaina-mUrtiyoM se sampanna apanA saMgrahAlaya khola rakhA hai|
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________________ 60 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) avasthiti evaM mArga lakkuNDi kA prAcIna nAma lokkiguNDi thaa| lovika sthAna kA nAma thA aura 'gadyANa' (guNDi) sikkoM kA nAma / yahA~ sone ke sikke banAne kI TakasAla thii| lakkuNDi dhAravAr3a jile ke gadaga tAluka kA eka gA~va hai| yaha gA~va gadaga se gyAraha ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai aura kAravAr3a-hubalI-gadaga-hosapeTa-ballArI mukhyamArga ke kinAre para sthita hai / ekadama sar3aka ke kinAre basA huA hai yh| bAdAmI se rona (Ron, 32 ki. mI.) hote hue gadaga sar3aka-mArga dvArA pahu~cA jAtA hai| gadaga se dina meM sAta-ATha bAra siTI baseM kevala lakkuNDi taka AtI-jAtI haiM, Tempo bhI calate haiM aura mukhya mArga para anya sthAnoM ko jAne vAlI baseM bhI upalabdha haiN| rela-mArga (hubalI-zolApura lAina) dvArA gadaga kI bAdAmI se dUrI 68 ki. mI. hai| yahA~ se rela dvArA hubalI kevala 59 ki. mI. hai| lakkuNDi meM Thaharane kI vyavasthA nahIM hai isalie yaha adhika ucita hogA ki gadaga ko kendra banAkara lakkuNDi kI yAtrA kI jaae| nijI vAhana vAle sIdhe hI yahA~ pahu~ca sakate haiN| gadaga sambandhI kucha upayogI jAnakArI isa prakAra hai-yaha eka choTA zahara hai, Thaharane ke lie basa sTaiNDa ke pAsa jo bAz2Ara hai usameM pAsa hI kucha hoTala haiN| yahA~ aneka kaoNTana-mila haiN| klaoNtha mArkeTa ke pAsa rAjasthAna jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka saMgha kA jainabhavana aura zvetAmbara mandira hai tathA hemacandrAcArya jJAnamandira bhI hai| gujarAtI roDa para eka dharmazAlA bhI hai kintu usameM bhI zvetAmbara yAtriyoM ko hI Thaharane kI suvidhA dI jAtI hai| ataH digambara yAtriyoM ko zAkAhArI hoTaloM meM hI ThaharanA caahie| aitihAsika mahattva bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM ko parAsta kara rASTrakUTa vaMza ke zAsakoM ne isa kSetra meM sattA hathiyA lI thii| kintu dasavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM cAlukyoM kA punaH udaya huA aura unhoMne kalyANI ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| ina cAlukyoM meM tailapa eka vIra, parAkramI aura yo ya zAsaka huA hai| isI tailapa ne dhAra ke paramAra rAjA muMja ko chaha bAra harAkara bandI banAyA thaa| tailapa kI bahina mRNAlavatI aura muMja ke prema kI gAthA bhI itihAsa-prasiddha hai / yaha rAjA sarvadharma-sahiSNu thaa| Adhunika karnATaka ke ballArI jile ke kogali nAmaka sthAna ko cennapArzvanAtha basadi ke 992 I. ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha rAjA jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usane kannar3a ke suprasiddha kavi ranna ko 'ajita purANa' nAmaka mahAkAvya pUrNa karane para 'kavi-cakravartI' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki lakkuNDi kA 'brahma jinAlaya' bhI isI rAjA ne nirmita karavAyA thaa| jinabhakta attimabbe tailapa kA eka mahAdaNDanAyaka nAgadeva thaa| usakI patnI attimabbe atyanta jinabhakta aura dAnazIlA thii| use 'dAnacintAmaNi' kI upAdhi pradAna kI gaI thii| usane 'brahmajinAlaya' ke lie bhI dAna diyA thaa| aisA ullekha 1007 I. ke lakkuNDi ke zilAlekha meM hai| isa
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________________ lakkuNDi / 61 mahilA ne ratnoM kI 1500 jina-mUrtiyA~ banavAkara vibhinna mandiroM meM dAna meM dI thiiN| isI prakAra usane kannar3a kavi ponna dvArA racita 'zAntipurANa' kI eka hajAra pratiyA~ likhavAkara vibhinna mandiroM ko bheMTa kI thiiN| usake satItva ke prabhAva se godAvarI kA vega ruka gayA thA, aisI bhI janazruti hai| 'ajitapurANa' meM kavi ne dAnazIlA attimabbe ke sambandha meM likhA hai"sapheda ruI ke samAna attimabbe kA caritra zubhra hai, gaMgAjala ke samAna pavitra hai, ajitasena muni ke caraNoM ke samAna pUjya hai tathA suzobhita kopaNAcala ke samAna pavitra hai|" vibhinna zilAlekhoM, sAhityika kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para attimabbe kI jIvana evaM camatkArI ghaTanAoM kA jo varNana DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne apanI pustaka 'pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa evaM mahilAe~' meM diyA hai use yahA~ unhIM ke zabdoM meM ullikhita kara denA upayukta hogA _ "kalyANI ke uttaravartI cAlukyoM ke vaMza evaM sAmrAjya kI sthApanA meM jina dharmAtmAoM ke puNya, AzIrvAda aura sadbhAvanAoM kA yoga rahA, unameM sarvopari mahAsatI attimabbe thIM jinake zIla, AcaraNa, dhArmikatA, dharma-prabhAvanA, sAhitya-sevA, vaiduSya, pAtivratya, dAnazIlatA Adi sadguNoM ke utkRSTa Adarza se tailapadeva Ahavamalla kA zAsanakAla dhanya huaa| isa samrATa ke pradhAna senApati mallapa kI vaha suputrI thIM, vAjIvaMzIya pradhAnAmAtya maMtrIzvara dhalla kI vaha putravadhU thIM, pracaNDa mahAdaNDanAyaka vIra nAgadeva kI vaha priya patnI thIM aura kuzala prazAsanAdhikArI vIra paduvela taila kI svanAmadhanyA jananI thiiN| yuvarAja satyAzraya unake pati kA ananya mitra thA aura unako baDI bhaujAI mAnakara atyanta Adara karatA thaa| svayaM samrATa tailapa unheM apane parivAra kI hI sAmAnya sadasyA mAnatA thaa| eka bAra mAlavA kA suprasiddha paramAranareza vAkpatirAja muMja eka bhArI senA ke sAtha dhAvA mAratA huA tailapadeva ke rAjya ke bhItara taka ghusa AyA to cAlukya senA ne tatparatA ke sAtha usakA gatyavarodha kiyA aura phira use khadeDate hae usake rAjya mAlavA kI sImA ke bhItara taka usakA pIchA kiyaa| svayaM samrAT tailapadeva to godAvarI nadI ke dakSiNI taTa para zivira sthApita karake vahIM ruka gayA, kintu usakI senA kI eka bar3I Tukar3I mahAdaNDanAyaka nAgadeva aura yuvarAja satyAzraya ke netRtva meM nadI pAra karake paramAra senA kA pIchA karatI huI dUra taka calI gyii| isa bIca bhArI tUfAna AyA aura godAvarI meM bhayaMkara bAr3ha A gayI / uphanate hue mahAnada ne vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| cAlukya zivira meM bhArI cintA aura becainI vyApa gyii| mahArAja, mahAmantrI, senApati Adi tathA rAjaparivAra kI aneka mahilAe~ bhI zivira meM thIM jinameM attimabbe bhI thiiN| unakI tathA anya sabakI cintA svAbhAvika thii| nadI ke usa pAra gaye logoM meM se kauna aura kitane vApasa Ate haiM, aura kahIM paramAroM ne punaH bala pakar3akara unheM dhara dabAyA aura nadI taTa taka khader3a lAye to una sabake prANa jAyeMge / idhara se nadI kI bADha ke kAraNa na unheM sahAyatA pahu~cAyI jA sakatI hai aura na ve svayaM aise uphanate nada ko pAra kara sakate haiN| viSama paristhiti thii| sabakI dRSTi nadI ke usa pAra lagI thI, pratIkSA ke kSaNa lambe hote jA rahe the, unakI samApti kA koI lakSaNa nahIM thA, ki akasmAt dekhA gayA ki jisa bAta kI AzaMkA thI prAyaH vahI ghaTita honevAlI thii| saMketavidyA meM sudakSa karmacAriyoM ne usa pAra kA samAcAra jJAta karake batAyA ki jitane loga mUlataH usa pAra gaye the, unameM se Adhe
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________________ 62 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) 1 se bhI kama vApasa A pAye haiM, zeSa kheta rahe / jo Aye haiM ve saphala hokara hI lauTe haiM - paramAroM ko dUra taka unakI sImA meM khader3akara hI lauTe haiM, so bhI vizeSakara isalie ki yuddha meM mahAdaNDanAyaka nAgadeva, jo isa senA kA netRtva kara rahe the, gambhIra rUpa se Ahata ho gaye the / yaha mAlUma huA ki vaha abhI jIvita to haiM kintu dazA cintAjanaka hai, isa samaya mUcchita haiM, aura yaha samAcAra bhI abhI milA hai ki zatruoM ko bhI cAlukyoM kI isa vikaTa paristhiti bhAna ho gayA hai, aura vaha punaH inakI Toha meM vApasa A rahe haiM / ina samAcAroM se cAlukya zivira meM jo udvignatA evaM cintA vyApa gayI vaha sahaja anumAna kI jA sakatI hai / vividha sainika viSayoM ke vizeSajJoM tathA anubhavI vRddhajanoM dvArA nAnA upAya soce jAne lage, nAnAvidha prayatna bhI usa pAra vAloM ko isa pAra lAne yA unheM Avazyaka sahAyatA pahu~cAne ke lie kiye jAne lage / kintu kSubdha prakRti kI bhayaMkara virodhI zaktiyoM ke viruddha koI upAya kAragara nahIM ho rahA thA / vivazatA mu~ha bAye khar3I thI / samaya thA nahIM, jo honA thA, tatkAla honA thA / itane meM mahArAja ne aura pArSadoM ne dekhA ki eka tejasvinI mUrti zivira ke antaHpurakakSa se nikala dhIra gati ke sAtha unhIM kI ora calI A rahI hai / saba stabdha the / usane mahArAja ko, apane zvasura ko aura pitA ko praNAma kiyA, aura usI dhIra gati ke sAtha vIrabAlA attimabbarasi zivira ke mahAdvAra se bAhara nikalakara eka ucca sthAna para jA khar3I huI / logoM meM halacala huI, kinhIM ne kucha kahanA cAhA, kintu bola na nikalA / usake tejoprabhAva se abhibhUta mahArAja ke sAtha samasta daravArI jana bhI usake pIche-pIche bAhara nikala Aye - jo mArga meM yA sAmane par3e ve AdarapUrvaka idhara-udhara haTate cale gaye / mahAsatI ekAkinI, nizcala khar3I thI / usake sudIpta mukhamaNDala evaM sampUrNa deha se eka alaukika teja phUTa rahA thA / eka dRSTi usane mahAvikarAla umar3ate mahAnada para DAlI, jisapara se phisalatI huI vaha dRSTi usa pAra vyAkula hatAza khar3e sainikoM para gayI aura lauTa AyI / parama jinendrabhakta mahAsatI ne triyoga ekAgra kara iSTadeva kA smaraNa kiyA aura usakI dhIra - gambhIra vANI sabane sunI"yadi merI jinabhakti avicala hai, yadi merA pAtivratya dharma akhaNDa hai, aura yadi merI satyaniSThA akampanIya hai to, he mahAnadI godAvarI ! maiM tujhe AjJA detI hU~ ki terA pravAha utane samaya ke lie sarvathA sthira ho jAye jabataka ki hamAre svajana usa pAra se isa pAra surakSita nahIM cale Ate !" ubhayataTavartI sahasroM netroM ne dekhA vaha adbhuta, abhUtapUrva camatkAra ! saca hI, palaka mArate hI mahAnadI godAvarI ne saumya rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA, jala ekadama ghaTakara tala se jA lagA, nadI kA pravAha sthira ho gayA / harSa, ullAsa aura jayadhvani se dig - diganta vyApta ho gayA / kucha hI dera pazcAt, zivira ke eka kakSa meM marmAntaka ghAta se Ahata vIra nAgadeva apanI priyA kI goda meM sira rakhe, prasanna hRdaya se antima zvAseM le rahA thA / kakSa ke bAhara svajanaparijana samasta puna: AzA-nirAzA ke bIca jhUla rahe the / godAvarI phira se apane pracaNDa rUpa A cukI thI aura usa pAra khar3I zatru kI senA hAtha mala rahI thI / vIra nAgadeva ne vIragati prApta kI / pativiyuktA satI ne apUrva dhairya ke sAtha svayaM ko sa~bhAlA aura eka Adarza, udAsIna, dharmAtmA zrAvikA ke rUpa meM ghara meM rahakara hI zeSa jIvana vyatIta kiyA / svarNa evaM 1
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________________ lakkuNDi / 63 maNi - mANivayAdi mahArghya ratnoM 1500 jina pratimAe~ banavAkara usane vibhinna mandiroM meM pratiSThApita kI thIM, aneka jinAlayoM kA nirmANa evaM jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA, AhAra-abhayaauSadha-vidyA rUpa cAra prakAra kA dAna anavarata detI rahane ke kAraNa vaha 'dAna - cintAmaNi' kahalAyI thI / ubhayabhASA - cakravartI mahAkavi ponna ke zAntipurANa (kannaDI) kI svadravya se eka sahasra pratiyA~ likhAkara usane vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM Adi meM vitarita kI thiiN| svayaM samrAT evaM yuvarAja kI isa devI ke dharmakAryoM meM anumati, sahAyatA evaM prasannatA thI / sarvatra usakA apratima sammAna aura pratiSThA thI / ukta ghaTanA ke lagabhaga eka sau varSa pazcAt bhI ( 1118 I0 ke zilAlekhAnusAra ) hoysalanareza ke mahAparAkramI senApati gaMgarAja ne mahAsatI attimabbe dvArA godAvarI pravAha ko sthira kara dene kI sAkSI dekara hI umar3atI huI kAverI nadI ko zAnta kiyA thA / zilAlekha meM kahA gayA hai ki vizvamahAn jinabhakta attimabbarasi kI prazaMsA isalie karanA hai ki usake AjJA dete hI usake tejoprabhAva se godAvarI kA pravAha taka ruka gayA thA / AnevAlI zatAbdiyoM meM bAcaladevI, bammaladevI, lokkaladevI Adi aneka parama jinabhakta mahilAoM kI tulanA isa Adarza nArIratna attimabve ke sAtha kI jAtI thI / kisI satavantI, dAnazIlA yA dharmAtmA mahilA kI sabase bar3I prazaMsA yaha mAnI jAtI thI ki 'yaha to dUsarI attimabbe hai' athavA 'abhinava attimabbe' hai / DaoN. bhAskara Ananda sAlatora ke zabdoM meM, "jaina itihAsa ke mahilA jagat meM sarvAdhika pratiSThita prazaMsita nAma attimabbe hai / " kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra grISma Rtu meM vaha jaba zravaNabelagola meM gommaTa - svAmI kA darzana karane ke lie parvata para car3ha rahI thI to tIkhI dhUpa se santapta ho socane lagI ki isa samaya varSA ho jAtI - aura tatkAla AkAza para megha chA gaye tathA varSA hone lagI / satI asIma bhakti se bhagavAna kI pUjA kara saMtuSTa huI / " attimabbe kI uparyukta jIvana-gAthA se do niSkarSa sahaja hI nikalate haiM- eka, puNyAtmA jIva dvArA sacce hRdaya se kI gaI bhakti camatkArika phala de sakatI hai aura dUsare, isa kSetra ke Asa-pAsa hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jaina mandira the / taba hI to mahAsatI ne 1500 ratna- pratimAe~ vitarita kI thiiN| kama-se-kama karnATaka meM to jainadharma bahuta phailA huA thA / attimabbe ke putra aNiga mAsavAGi kA yahA~ kisI samaya zAsana thA / eka zilAlekha meM yaha ullekha hai ki 1175 I0 meM yahA~ kI 'neminAtha basadi' ko bhaktoM ne dAna diyA thA / eka aura zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki lavakuNDi ke 'vasudhaikabA dhava jinAlaya' ko kucha bhaktoM ne dAna dekara eka dAnazAlA ( dharmazAlA ) banavAI thI / jaina mandira aura mUrtiyA~ vartamAna meM, lakkuNDa meM eka jaina mandira hai jo 'brahma jinAlaya' kahalAtA hai / isameM yahIM kA nivAsI ekamAtra jaina pujArI pUjana karatA hai| dUsarA jaina mandira 'nAganAtha mandira' ho gayA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki lakkuNDi meM eka hI paMkti meM pA~ca jaina mandira the / eka mandira ke cihna - stambha, nIMva, brahma jinAlaya ke pravezadvAra ke pAsa dekhe jA sakate haiM / paryaTaka yaha dekheMge ki mandiroM ke pattharoM Adi kA upayoga kara yahA~ mandiroM ke pAsa hI kucha makAna bana gae haiM / bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga kA dhyAna isa ora gayA hai aura vaha ava yahA~ se makAna haTavA
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________________ 64 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) kara purAtattva sAmagrI kI rakSA ke lie prayatnazIla hai / yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki apane samaya ke isa prasiddha aitihAsika nagara meM 101 mandira aura bAvar3iyA~ thIM / aba bhI lagabhaga 50 mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa yahA~ pAe gae haiM / lakkuNDi aura usake AsapAsa kI bahuta-sI sundara jaina mUrtiyA~ isa samaya dhAravAr3a vizvavidyAlaya ke kannar3a anusaMdhAna saMsthAna ( kannar3a risarca insTITyUTa) ke saMgrahAlaya meM rakha dI gaI haiM (udAharaNa ke lie dekheM citra kra. 21 ) / jaina mUrtikalA, mandira zilpa aura jaina kannar3a sAhitya kI dRSTi se yaha sthAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa aura paryaTana ke sarvathA upayukta hai| cUMki aba yaha eka gA~va hai ataH Thaharane kI suvidhA nahIM hai / brahmajinAlaya brahmajinAlaya kA nirmANa eka zilAlekha ke anusAra dAnazIlA attimabbe ne 1007 I. karAyA thA / isa gA~va kA yaha mandira sabase prAcIna hai aura sabase bar3A hai / isakI lambAI 93 phITa caur3AI 35 phITa aura zikhara taka kI U~cAI 42 phITa hai (dekheM citra kra. 22 ) / purAtattva kI dRSTi se bhI 'brahmajinAlaya' kA adhika mahattva hai / isake nirmANa se pahale aihola aura bAdAmI jaise sthAnoM ke mandiroM kA nirmANa baluA patthara ke bar3e aura moTe zilAkhaNDoM se huA karatA thA / kintu lakkuNDi ke isa mandira ke nirmANa meM dhAravAr3a jile kI hI zilAzaMkara nAmaka khadAna se prApta kucha hare-nIle raMga ke narama aura aneka staroM vAle patthara kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA lAbha yaha huA ki stambha patale, sundara nakkAzIdAra aura icchita AkAra ke banAye jA ske| sAtha hI, zilpI ne apanI chainI se sUkSma aMkana kara dikhaayaa| isa prakAra kI naI zailI hoysala zailI kI pUrvagAminI banI / vAstuvidoM kA anumAna hai ki mandira ke nakkAzIdAra bhAga khadAna meM hI tarAze gaye aura mandira meM lAkara lagA die gaye / isa prakAra baluA patthara ke yuga kA anta huA / yaha mandira draviDa zailI kA hai| zikhara taka isameM pA~ca tala banAe gaye haiM / mukhya garbhagRha ke Upara bhI eka aura garbhagRha rahA hogA jo ki aba banda kara diyA gayA hai| isakA zikhara kramazaH choTA hotA calA gayA hai aura Upara taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate caukora ho gayA hai| mandira meM praveza ke lie jo sIr3hiyA~ haiM unake lie banI dIvAra para kamaloM kA aMkana hai| ina sIr3hiyoM se hokara eka khule maNDapa meM praveza karanA hotA hai / zAyada yaha bAda meM jor3A gayA hai / isa maNDapa meM 33 stambha haiM jina para sUkSma nakkAzI kI gaI hai| isake bAhara eka zilAlekha par3A huA hai| pUrva dizA meM sthita isa maNDapa se mandira meM praveza kiyA jAtA hai / pravezadvAra para gajalakSmI kA sundara aMkana hai / mandira ke andara eka navaraMga maNDapa hai jo ki lagabhaga 21 varga phITa kA eka vargAkAra maNDapa hai / isameM brahma kI eka caturmukha pratimA darzanIya hai / sarasvatI kI eka choTI kintu atyanta sundara pratimA bhI hai| sarasvatI pratimAoM ke aMkana meM yaha eka apanA hI mahattva rakhatI hai / sarasvatI tribhaMga mudrA meM hai aura usake sira ke Upara eka laghu tIrthaMkara mUrti hai / donoM ora ca~varadhAriNI bhI haiM / yahIM padmAvatI kI mUrti bhI pratiSThita hai / aura paMcaparameSThI evaM caubIsI kI kAMsya pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiM jina para stambhoMyukta cApa evaM makara-toraNa inakI zobhA bar3hAte haiM / isa maNDapa ke stambha anupama utkIrNana se yukta haiM kintu aba kucha stambhoM kI paoNliza yA camaka kharAba ho gaI hai /
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________________ 14 aihola-meguTI basadi : paridRzya ; chaThI shtii| 15. aihola---jaina guphA : AdhAra ke lie nirmita do-talle kA sammukha bhAga; nauvIM zatI /
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________________ 16. aihola-mIna basa di (guphA) : bhagavAna bAhubalI; nauvIM shtii|
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________________ 17. aihola--ziva mandira meM AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kI yakSI jvAlAmAlinI; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii|
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________________ sa 20. bAdAmI--jaina guphA : zailotkIrNa bAhubalI; nauvIM shtii|
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________________ 21. lakkuMDI- brahma jinAlaya : uttara-pUrva se bAhya dRzya ; dasavIM zatI /
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________________ 22. lavakuMDi -- kannar3a zodha saMsthAna, dhAravAr3a ke saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita tIrthaMkara AdinAtha; bArahavIM zatI / 23. koppala - pArzvanAtha basadi : siddhezvara maTha ke pAsa kI guphA kA bAharI dRzya /
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________________ lakkuNDi | 65 navaraMga maNDapa kI chata meM kamala kI nakkAzI atyanta AkarSaka hai| sAta gola gheroM meM aura ina sabake kendra meM sUkSma parAga dvArA pradarzita yaha kamala belagA~va kI 'kamala basadi' ke kamala kI barAbarI karatA jAna par3atA hai| ___ mandira ke garbhagRha kA pravezadvAra paMcazAkhA prakAra kA hai| usake siradala para padmAsana meM pArzvanAtha apane parikara sahita eka ubhare hue Ale meM virAjamAna haiN| nIce eka nartaka-dala citrita hai| garbhagRha meM bhagavAna neminAtha kI tIna phITa U~cI pratimA hai| usake AsapAsa makaratoraNayukta cApa hai| tIna chatra bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| siMhAsana para siMha utkIrNa haiM (zAyada inheM dekhakara hI kucha vidvAnoM ne ise mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA batAyA hai| vaise pA~ca yA tIna siMhoM se yukta Asana yA caukI anya tIrthaMkaroM ke lie bhI nirmita hotI thiiN)| pratimA ke pIche jo phalaka hai usa para eka ca~varadhArI bhI pradarzita hai| isa mandira meM aura usake bAhara kula milAkara 6 zilAlekha haiN| ye sabhI aitihAsika mahattva ke haiN| ___ mandira ke bAhara kI dIvAloM para kI gaI kArIgarI vizeSa rUpa se darzanIya hai| ina dIvAloM meM motiyoM kI mAlAoM, stambhayukta cApa aura makaratoraNa se sajjita tikone AloM meM mUrtiyoM Adi kA aMkana mana ko lubhAtA hai| pAnI bAhara nikAlane ke lie praNAlI bhI hai| zukanAsI para hAthiyoM kA sundara utkIrNana kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra pazu-pakSiyoM kA aMkana bhI darzanIya hai / mandira kI muMDera para gola-gola Ale banAe gae haiM jinameM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ darzAyI gayI haiN| ina AloM ko kIrtimukhoM se sajAyA gayA hai| kula milAkara, yaha manohArI mandira darzanIya mandiroM meM se eka hai| pArzvanAtha ke sthAna para nAganAtha brahmajinAlaya ke pAsa hI meM eka aura jaina mandira hai jo aba nAgarAja mandira kahalAtA hai| yaha bhI eka dravir3a zailI kA mandira hai kintu isake Upara kA bhAga dhvasta ho gayA hai| zikhara nahIM rhaa| kintu isakI zukanAsI para gola AloM meM padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimA dekhI jA sakatI hai| hAthiyoM kA bhI sundara aMkana hai| isake praveza-stambha para motiyoM kI mAlAoM kA sUkSma aMkana paryaTaka ko AkarSita karatA hai| pravezadvAra ke siradala para bhI padamAsana tIrthaMkara mati aura ca~varadhArI dekhe jA sakate haiN| isake andara jo stambha haiM una para kI gaI kArIgarI evaM paoNliza tathA unake koNa vizeSa rUpa se dekhane yogya haiN| nAgarAja mandira ke garbhagRha meM siMhoM se yukta Asana hai| usake Upara tIna chatra aMkita haiN| isa Asana para kisI samaya pArzvanAtha kI mUrti virAjamAna rahI hogii| usake pIche eka sarpakuNDalI kA anupama utkIrNana hai| usI ke nAma para aba yaha nAgarAja mandira kahalAne lagA hai / jaina mUrti ke sthAna para aba zivaliMga hai| ___ nAgarAja pratimA ke sAta phaNa haiM, mukuTa hai, gale meM hAra aura kamara meM AbhUSaNa haiN| kuNDalI ke citraNa meM rekhAe~ khAsa mahattva kI haiM / saMbhavataH yaha dharaNendra kA aMkana hai| isa mandira ke pAsa lagabhaga 4 phITa kI sira-rahita eka tIrthaMkara mUrti par3I huI hai|
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________________ 66 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) batAyA gayA ki 1948 ke daMgoM meM yahA~ kI kucha mUrtiyA~ tor3a dI gaI thiiN| jaina mandiroM ke sAmane nIlakaNThezvara mandira hai jo ki adhUrA raha gyaa| usake pIche nArAyaNa mandira hai| saMgrahAlaya bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga kA saMgrahAlaya avazya dekhanA caahie| yaha 'brahmajinAlaya' se nIce kI ora hai| isa vibhAga ne 'brahmajinAlaya' ke AsapAsa eka udyAna laga jinAlaya ko aura bhI sundara rUpa de diyA hai| usakI harI ghAsa meM kucha kSaNa vizrAma karane ko jI cAhatA hai| isa saMgrahAlaya meM adhikAMzataH 11vIM zatAbdI kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ saMgrahIta haiM jo ki lakkuNDi aura AsapAsa ke anya sthAnoM se prApta huI haiN| inameM Dambala se prApta mUrtiyA~ adhika haiM / lagabhaga sabhI mUrtiyA~ khaNDita haiN| mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga eka darjana hai| padmAsana aura kAyotsarga mudrA meM ye mUrtiyA~ pASANa yA saMgamaramara kI haiN| kandhoM taka jaTA vAlI mUrtiyA~ nizcaya hI RSabhadeva kI haiM to phaNAvalI sahita pratimAe~ pArzvanAtha kI haiN| kucha mUrtiyoM ke kevala sira hI zeSa bace haiM to kucha kA dhar3a aura kucha ke paira gAyaba haiM / inakI U~cAI 6 iMca se lekara 4 yA 5 phITa taka hai / aisA lagatA hai ki inheM kisI ne khaNDita kiyA hai athavA khudAI ke samaya hI ye khaNDita ho gyiiN| dharaNendra, padmAvatI evaM caivaradhAriyoM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI yahA~ saMgrahIta haiN| jo bhI ho, purAtattva vibhAga ne prAcInatA ke isa vaibhava ko bar3e sundara DhaMga se sajA rakhA hai| isa vibhAga ne yahA~ jaina kalA evaM zilpa ke pradarzana ke lie acchA prayAsa kiyA hai| vizeSa sUcanA lakkuNDi ke bAda paryaTaka ko hindU sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI vijayanagara ke jaina-ajaina kalA-vaibhava ko dekhane ke lie prasthAna karanA hai| ataH paryaTaka baseM yahIM se hosapeTa kI ora prasthAna kara sakatI haiN| jo sArvajanika vAhana se yAtrA karanA cAheM, unheM gadaga vApasa lauTakara hosapeTa kI sIdhI basa lenI caahie| cAheM to rAste meM koppala bhI ruka sakate haiN| koppala avasthiti evaM mArga koppala kA prAcIna nAma koppaNa thaa| yahA~ sthita parvata ke kAraNa yaha tIrtha koppaNAcala ke nAma se bhI suprasiddha rhaa| vartamAna meM, koppala eka tAluka (tahasIla) hai aura rAyacUra jile ke antargata AtA hai / lakkuNDi se caleM to hubalI (gadaga)-hosapeTa-rAyacUra mukhya sar3aka mArga para koppala milatA hai| gadaga se yaha 71 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai aura yahA~ se hosapeTa (vijayanagara
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________________ koppala / 67 sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI hampI ke lie mukhya sthAna ) 37 ki. mI. dUra hai / jahA~ taka rela-mArga kA sambandha hai, yaha hubalI-guMtakala mITara geja rela mArga para ( gadaga hote hue) eka sTezana bhI hai / rela mArga se yaha gadaga se 58 ki. mI. aura hosapeTa se 32 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ kI atyanta prAcIna 'pArzvanAtha basadi' sthAnIya basa sTaiNDa aura relave sTezana se do-tIna ki. mI. dUra pahAr3I kI talahaTI meM hai / isakA rAstA javAhara roDa (mArkeTa) hote hue kucha galiyoM se hokara gujaratA hai / mukhya saMvArI tA~gA hai / yahA~ do basa sTaiNDa haiM - eka nayA aura eka purAnA / ina donoM ke bIca meM mukhya sar3aka para eka sApha-sutharA hoTala Thaharane ke lie hai / prAcIna tIrtha 1 dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara solahavIM zatAbdI taka yaha eka pramukha tIrthasthala rahA aura isakI gaNanA zravaNabelagola aura UrjayaMtagiri ke samAna pavitra sthAnoM meM kI jAtI thI / cAmuNDarAya ne apane ' triSaSTilakSaNa mahApurANa' meM isa sthAna kI prazaMsA kI | anuzruti haiM ki kanakasena nAmaka muni mulugunda nAmaka sthAna para aneka varSoM taka tapasyA karate rahe kintu unheM bodha prApta nahIM huA / kintu jaba ve kopaNAcala Aye to unheM jJAna prApta ho gayA / yaha Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki kannar3a mahAkavi ranna ne dAnazIlA attimabbe ke caritra ko kopaNAcala ke samAna pavitra batAyA thA / zravaNabelagola ke eka zilAlekha meM yaha ullekha hai ki gaMga rAjAoM ne itane mandira banavAe ki vaha sthAna kopaNAcala ke samAna pavitra ho gayA / gaMgarAja ke daNDanAyaka ne kopaNa Adi tIrthoM meM mandira banavAe the| eka anya zilAlekha meM kahA gayA hai ki IcaNa ne 'belagavatti' meM aneka mandira banavAkara use kopaNa ke samAna tIrtha banA diyA thA / hoysala - nareza ke eka senApati hulla ne kopaNa ke sAdhusaMgha ko AhAradAna diyA thA / solahavIM sadI ke vidvAn vidyAnandI ne yahIM para 'vidyAnandI' upAdhi prApta kI thI / keladi ke eka zilAlekha meM ise zravaNabelagola aura Urjayantagiri ke samakakSa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jo jainadharma ke viruddha AcaraNa karegA use zravaNabelagola ke gommaTanAtha, Urjayantagiri ke neminAtha aura kopaNa ke candranAtha ke bimboM ko khaNDita karane kA pApa lagegA / janazruti hai ki kopaNa meM 771 jaina mandira the jo ki vidharmI AkramaNakAriyoM dvArA naSTa kara die ge| vartamAna sthiti bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita, zrI saMgave dvArA aMgrejI meM likhita 'da sekreDa zravaNabelagola' pustaka meM eka nakzA diyA gayA hai, usameM bhI isa sthAna ko eka tIrtha batAyA gayA hai / kintu kheda hai ki aba isa sthAna kI sthiti tIrthaM kI nahIM rahI / vartamAna meM, yahA~ jainoM ke kula ATha ghara haiM aura pArzvanAtha basadi, jisameM abhI bhI pUjana hotI hai, kA kharca samIpastha hubalI ke jaina dAtAroM kI sahAyatA se calatA hai /
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________________ 68 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) ___ Aja ke koppala meM pArzvanAtha basadi, bahAdura basadi aura mAdanUra basadi tathA siddhezvaramaTha ke pAsa eka guphA-mandira haiN| pArzvanAtha basadi aba bhI jinadarzana-pUjana ke kAma AtI hai| yaha mandira eka sAdhAraNa racanA hai| Thosa pASANa se nirmita hai, kalAtmakatA kA abhAva hai| isa para koI zikhara bhI nahIM hai| pravezadvAra se lagA eka bar3A haoNla hai jisameM moTe pASANa-stambha haiN| phira eka choTA haoNla hai jisameM khaNDita-akhaNDita mUrtiyA~ haiM, aura usake bAda hai garbhagRha yA mukhya muurtisthaan| pArzva basadi meM dasavIM sadI kI eka khaNDita tIrthakara mUrti hai| lagabhaga DhAI phITa U~cI pASANa kI eka caubIsI hai jisake mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga mudrA meM RSabhadeva haiN| unake yakSa gomeda aura yakSI cakrezvarI bhI utkIrNa haiN| RSabhadeva ke tInoM ora gola gheroM meM anya tIrthaMkara padamAsana meM virAjamAna haiN| yaha basadi 11vIM sadI kI hai| yahIM kI eka caubIsI jisake mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiM, haidarAbAda ke sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya meM hai| bArahavIM zatAbdI ke, kAyotsarga mudrA meM pArzvanAtha sAta phaNoM se yukta haiN| ye bhI lagabhaga tIna phITa ke haiN| isI sadI kA eka | phalaka bhI hai jisa para trikAla-caubIsI (72 tIrthaMkara) utkIrNa rahI hogii| isI samaya kA eka khaNDita sahasrakUTa phalaka bhI yahA~ hai| khaNDita brahmayakSa (ghor3e para savAra) aura dvArapAla ke phalaka bhI haiN| AThavIM sadI ke eka phalaka para kannar3a meM lekha hai| usa para citrita gAya bachaDe ko dulAra karatI prazita hai| ____ siddhezvara maTha ke pAsa yahA~ gyArahavIM sadI kA eka guphA-mandira hai (dekheM citra kra. 23) / aba yahA~ kevala eka jaina mUrti, caraNa-yugala aura brahmayakSa hI zeSa raha gae haiN| brahmayakSa ghor3e para savAra haiM, unake AsapAsa sUrya, ardhacandra, tArA, do manuSya tathA pazu kA citraNa hai| anyatra kamala, latA, siMha, haMsa Adi bhI stambha para utkIrNa haiN| ____bahAdura basadi meM, jo ki qile ke Upara hai, brahmayakSa kI eka purAnI mUrti hai| yaha lalitAsana meM hai aura dasavIM sadI kI hai| yahA~ se mAdanUra 9 ki. mI. dUra hai, basa se jAnA par3atA hai| vahA~ 13vIM aura 16vIM sadI kI brahmayakSa, padmAvatI (kAMsya) kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| do kAMsya paMca-tIthikAe~ ghisa gaI haiN| eka ke mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha haiM to dUsarI ke ajitanAtha / rAyacUra jile meM jaina dharma uparyukta jile meM bhI jainadharma kA acchA prasAra thaa| yaha tathya prakAza meM Ae mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM se to spaSTa hai hI, hAla hI meM kuztagI tAluka ke AntarathAna nAmaka sthAna meM gyArahavIM sadI kI lagabhaga cAra phITa U~cI caubIsI prApta huI hai jisake mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiM aura unake tInoM ora unaka tAnA Ara padmAsana meM anya tiirthNkr| mUlanAyaka ke ghugharAle kezoM kA aMkana bar3A sundara hai| . koppala tAluka ke hI nArAyaNapeTa meM bhI kucha mUrtiyA~ milI haiM jinameM gyArahavIM sadI kI lagabhaga tIna phITa U~cI caubIsI prApta huI hai jisake mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva haiN| zeSa tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM haiM aura unake dAe~ gomedha yakSa tathA bAe~
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________________ tuMgabhadrA bA~dha | 69 cakrezvarI yakSI haiM / isI prakAra ghor3e para savAra sukhAsana meM brahmadeva kA (saMbhavataH AThavIM sadI) vigraha hai| gyArahavIM sadI kI padmAvatI mati bhI prApta haI hai| hUlige--yaha sthAna bhI koppala tAluka meM hai| yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi meM zaMku ke AkAra ke zilA-phalaka para trikAla caubIsI (bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke 72 tIrthaMkara) cAroM ora utkIrNa haiN| yaha phalaka lagabhaga tIna phITa kA hai aura dasavIM sadI kaa| dasavIM aura gyArahavIM sadI kI mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha kI bhI yahA~ sundara pratimAe~ haiN| . AneguNDI--yaha bhI koppala tAluka meM hai| yaha hampI meM hI hai aura tuMgabhadrA nadI ke uttara meM hai| hampI ke sAtha bhI isa sthAna kA varNana diyA gayA hai| yahA~, tuMgabhadrA nadI kI bIca dhArA meM, eka vizAla zilAkhaNDa hai| isa para utkIrNa haiM--eka guphA aura sallekhanA ka dRzya / yaha aMkana 12vIM sadI kA hai| citra meM eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara, kevala ca~vara aura tIna chatroM sahita pradarzita haiM / usameM eka strI hAtha jor3e hue aura dUsarI ora eka puruSa puSpAMjali liye hue dikhAyA gayA hai| yahA~ ke ananta padmanAbha mandira ke pAsa eka zilA para bhI sallekhanA kA dRzya aura usakA vivaraNa aMkita hai| yahA~ kA mandira dhvasta avasthA meM hai| rAyacUra kI RSabhanAtha basadi meM tIrthaMkara kI eka asAmAnya pratimA hai| kAyotsarga mudrA meM yaha tIrthaMkara pratimA sira se caraNa taka golAkAra hai| usa para na to chatra hai aura na hI yakSa / vividha aMkanayukta yaha vartala pratimA darzanIya hai| isa mandira meM dasavIM sadI kI do se tIna phITa taka kI AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI pratimAe~ bhI haiM / gyArahavIM sadI kI saMgamaramara kI AdinAtha kI mUrti aura eka caubIsI bhI hai| saMgamaramara kI caudahavIM zatAbdI kI tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI pratimA kA prabhAmaNDala bar3A sundara hai| pratimA uccAsana para virAjamAna hai| koppala ke bAda kintu hosapeTa ke nikaTa, tuMgabhadrA bA~dha se pahale, nasIrAbAda nAmaka sthAna AtA hai| vahA~ se bhI jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiN| bhASA-lakkuNDi, koppala Adi sthAnoM meM hindI bhI bolI aura samajhI jAtI hai| yadi samayAbhAva ke kAraNa paryaTaka koppala nahIM ruka sake yA jA sake to use gadaga yA lakkUNDi se sIdhe hI hosapeTa ke lie prasthAna karanA caahie| tuMgabhadrA bA~dha : eka darzanIya sthala - koppala se hosapeTa sar3aka-mArga dvArA jAne para tuMgabhadrA nadI para banA vizAla evaM darzanIya bA~dha rAste meM AtA hai| isa bA~dha se hosapeTa kevala 6 kilomITara dUra hai| yaha bA~dha 162 phITa U~cA hai| isake jala-nikAsa dvAroM se vega se nikalatA jala eka sundara dRzya upasthita karatA hai| isakA jalakSetra 378 ki. mI. hai aura isase karnATaka evaM AMdhrapradeza kI 20 lAkha ekar3a bhUmi kI siMcAI hotI hai tathA bijalI prApta hotI hai| yahA~ anya bA~dhoM kI taraha kucha pAbaMdiyA~ bhI
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________________ 70 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) haiM (jaise phoTo lene kI manAhI Adi) / hosapeTa aura AsapAsa ke logoM ke lie yaha saira kI jagaha hai| isake nicale bhAga kI ora eka sundara udyAna bhI hai jo ki bA~dha taka jAte samaya dikhAI detA hai / grISma Rtu meM bA~dha meM pAnI kama ho jAtA hai / 1 bA~dha ke pAsa kI pahAr3I para bhArata kA eka atyanta sundara nakzA banA huA hai| isI U~cI pahAr3I para eka vaikuNTha gesTa hAusa hai / vahA~ se AsapAsa kA suhAvanA dRzya dekhane ke lie eka zikhara banA hai / bA~dha ke kSetra meM Thaharane ke lie vaikuNTha aura kailAza gesTa hAusa ( sarkiTa hAusa ), karnATaka sarakAra ke paryaTana vikAsa nigama kA TUrisTa laoNja, DaoNrmiTarI ( tuMgabhadrA borDa), nirIkSaNa baMgalA tathA munIrAbAda meM indrabhavana aura lekavyU gesTa hAusa haiM / jinake pAsa hosapeTa hampI Adi jAne ke lie apanA sAdhana aura paryApta paisA nahIM haiM, unheM hosapeTa meM hI Thahara jAnA cAhie / yahA~ koTTU aura svAmIhallI nAmaka do sthAnoM se mITarageja kI eka-eka paiseMjara gAr3iyA~ bhI AtI-jAtI haiM jo ki hosapeTa para samApta hotI haiM / svayaM relave kI sUcanA hai ki barasAta meM ina gAr3iyoM kI anizcitatA rahatI hai / vaise yahA~ se hosapeTa ke lie sthAnIya baseM aura lambI dUrI kI baseM bhI kAphI milatI haiM / jo bhI ho, paryaTakoM ko hosapeTa se Ate-jAte yaha bA~dha avazya dekha lenA cAhie / hosapeTa hosapeTa kA prAcIna nAma hosapattana hai / san 1520 ke eka lekha ke anusAra, kisI samaya yaha sthAna nAgalapura bhI kahalAtA thA jo ki vijayanagara ke suprasiddha zAsaka kRSNadevarAya kI rAnI nAgaladevI ke nAma para rakhA gayA thA / aba yaha sUtI kapar3oM kI bunAI ke lie prasiddha hai / hampI yA vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke kalA-vaibhava ko dekhane ke lie yaha sthAna mukhya par3Ava hai / hosapeTa Adhunika karnATaka rAjya ke ballArI ( Bellary) jile kA eka tAluka hai aura sar3aka tathA rela-mArga dvArA bhalI-bhA~ti jur3A huA hai| avasthiti evaM mArga dakSiNa-madhya relave kI hubalI-guMtakala mITarageja relave lAina para hosapeTa eka relave sTezana hai / yahA~ se hubalI 145 ki. mI. hai| rAste meM gadaga tathA koppala relave sTezana Ate haiM / rela mArga se ballArI 65 ki. mI. aura guMtakala 114 ki. mI. hai| isa mArga para hubalI se guMtakala taka vijayanagara eksapresa calatI hai| zahara se relave sTezana tIna cAra ki. mI. dUra hai, usake AsapAsa Thaharane kI khAsa suvidhA bhI nahIM hai| sAikila-rikzA hI ekamAtra savArI hai /
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________________ hampI / 71 hosapeTa kA basa-sTaiNDa kAphI bar3A aura zahara ke bIca meM hai, AsapAsa Thaharane ke lie hoTala bhI haiN| sar3aka-mArga tuMgabhadrA bA~dha kI ora se AtA hai jisakA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai / bA~dha se hosapeTa 6 ki. mI. hai / yahA~ eka jaina mandira bhI hai| hampI yahA~ se 13 ki. mI hai| parAvazeSoM ko dekhane ke lie kamalApUra nAmaka gA~va bhI yahA~ se 11 ki. mI. kI darI para sthita hai / hampI ke lie sIdhI baseM dina bhara calatI haiN| kamalApura ke lie bhI paryApta baseM milatI haiN| hampI avasthiti vijayanagara yA hampI ke kalAtmaka avazeSa, jinameM jaina mandira bhI sammilita haiM, lagabhaga 26 ki. mI. ke ghere meM phaile hue haiM / tuMgabhadrA nadI aura tIna parvatoM ke bIca kA yaha kSetra jaina-ajaina yAtriyoM ke lie tIrthasthala aura kalA ke premiyoM ke lie eka kalAtIrtha hai| nadI, parvata aura kAlI vizAla caTTAneM eka anokhA hI dRzya upasthita karate haiM jise bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| videzI yAtriyoM ne bhI isakA manamohaka varNana kiyA hai| hampI ko zAntipUrvaka dekhane ke lie kama-se-kama Der3ha-do ghaNTe kA samaya caahie| tuMgabhadrA nadI ke kinAre ke zilAkhaNDoM para se nadI ke sAtha-sAtha kI paidala yAtrA bar3I AnandadAyI hotI hai| anya bhAgoM ko dekhane ke lie pakkI sar3akeM banI haiM kintu bAra-bAra gAr3I se car3hane-utarane se bacane ke lie kucha yAtrI ina sthAnoM ko bhI paidala hI ghama-phirakara dekhate haiN| kinta yaha dhyAna rahe ki apane vAhana se yAtrA ve hI kara sakate haiM jinake pAsa aisA prabandha ho, sArvajanika vAhana darzanIya sthaloM kI saira nahIM kraate| uparyukta tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue sabase pahale Thaharane kI samucita vyavasthA kara lenA ucita hai / hoTaloM meM Thaharane vAle tuMgabhadrA bA~dha yA hosapeTa meM Thahara sakate haiM / yadi koI jaina paryaTaka basa hai to yaha parAmarza diyA jAtA hai ki hosapeTa se hampI jAne vAlI sar3aka para ratnatraya kuTa hai| usake eka ora 'jaina grupa oNpha Tempalsa' likhA hai| isa kUTa para 'zrImad rAjacandra Azrama' hai| vahA~ Thaharane kI acchI vyavasthA ho sakatI hai| adhika saMkhyA ho to Azrama ko eka saptAha pUrva sUcanA denI hotI hai tAki AvazyakatA hone para Azrama-prabaMdhaka bhojana-sAmagrI Adi kA prabandha hosapeTa jAkara kara sake / sArvajanika vAhana se yAtrA karane vAle yAtriyoM ko apanA bhArI sAmAna Azrama taka le jAne meM kaThinAI ho sakatI hai| yaha jaina Azrama hai| isakI mAnyatA ke anusAra, yahA~ zrI sahajAnanda ghana jI mahArAja, rAjacandra jI Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| vaise candraprabha guphA-mandira bhI hai jisameM digambara mUrti hai| isa Azrama ke bAre meM yathAsthAna kucha vistAra se likhA jaaegaa|
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________________ 72 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kamalApura meM bhI nirIkSaNa baMgalA hai ki kintu vahA~ ThaharanA bhojana Adi kI dRSTi se asuvidhAjanaka hI rhegaa| paurANika evaM aitihAsika sandarbha ajaina janatA ke lie yaha pammA tIrtha hai jisakA sambandha virUpAkSa (ziva) aura pArvatI se hai| yaha kiSkindhA kSetra bhI kahalAtA hai| mAnyatA hai ki bAlI-sugrIva sambandhI rAmAyaNa kI ghaTanAe~ yahIM ghaTita huI thiiN| yahIM aMjanagiri hai jahA~ hanumAna kA janma huA thaa| yahA~ bahane vAlI tuMgabhadrA kA nAma pampA thA jo ki kannar3a meM hampI (hampe) ho gayA aura usI ke nAma se yaha nagara prasiddha ho gyaa| bhUvaijJAnikoM kA mata hai ki yaha kSetra usa goMDavAnA kSetra meM AtA hai jo ki kisI samaya aphrIkA mahAdvIpa se jur3A huA thaa| isa kSetra meM prAgaitihAsika kAla ke avazeSa bhI mile haiM; jaise vRSabha, nagna strI-puruSa ityaadi| rAmAyaNa kAla se to isa kSetra kA sambandha Aja bhI mAnA jA rahA hai| usa yuga kI yaha kiSkindhA nagarI hai| yahIM sugrIva kA rAjya thaa| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha rAjA vAnaravaMza kA thaa| usakI dhvajA para vAnara (bandara) kA cihna thA / vAnara-vaMzI bahuta hI sabhya aura unnata jAti ke loga the| yahIM para Aja kI tuMgabhadrA nadI (prAcIna kAla kI pampA nadI) ke usa pAra aMjanagiri meM hanumAna kA janma huA thaa| ve vAnara-vaMza ke the / AkhyAna hai ki yahIM rAma ko patA calA thA ki rAvaNa sItA ko uThA le gayA hai| pazcAt ve sugrIva ko sAtha lekara laMkA kI ora gaye the| isI sthAna para sugrIva kI guphA batAI jAtI hai jahA~ sugrIva ne sItA ke AbhUSaNa surakSita rakhe the| yahIM ke eka parvata mAlyavanta para rAma ne kucha samaya taka nivAsa kiyA thaa| zaiva kathA hai ki yahIM brahmA kI putrI pampAdevI ne tapasyA kI thI aura unakA vivAha virUpAkSa (ziva) se huA thaa| aitihAsika yuga meM, Aja se lagabhaga caubIsa sau varSa pUrva, yahA~ pATaliputra (paTanA) ke jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjAoM kA zAsana thaa| usa yuga meM yaha pradeza kuntala deza kahalAtA thaa| yaha nAma aneka zatAbdiyoM taka prayukta hotA rahA (lagabhaga do hajAra varSoM tk)| nanda-rAjAoM kA zAsana candragupta maurya ne samApta kara diyA thaa| samrATa candragupta digambara muni ho gae the aura unhoMne zravaNabelagola kI candragiri para AcArya bhadrabAhu kI sevA kI thI aura vahIM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| Adhunika ballArI jile meM mAskI Adi sthAnoM para azoka ke zilAlekhoM se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki yaha pradeza maurya sAmrAjya kA aMga thaa| yahA~ IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA eka brAhmI zilAlekha bhI milA hai| maurya sAmrAjya ke kSINa par3ane para Andhra meM sAtavAhana zAsakoM kA udaya huA jinhoMne IsA se 200 varSa pUrva se lekara IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI taka rAjya kiyaa| isameM kuntala pradeza bhI sammilita thaa| inakI rAjadhAnI paiThana (pratiSThAnapura) thii| vaidika grantha 'aitareya brAhmaNa' meM inheM anArya evaM dasyu kahA gayA hai| prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM inakA ullekha 'paiThana kA zAlivAhana
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________________ hampI | 73 rAjA' pAyA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki inameM se kucha rAjA jaina the aura inake rAjya meM prAkRta kA pracAra thaa| jaina granthoM 'kAtantra vyAkaraNa', guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' Adi kI racanA inhIM ke prazraya meM huI, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| sAtavAhanoM ke bAda, yaha pradeza cuTu logoM kI adhInatA meM A gayA jo ki AndhrabhRtya kahalAte the| - uparyukta cuTuoM ke bAda, isa pradeza para kadamba kula ke rAjAoM kA adhikAra huaa| isa vaMza ke dUsare rAjA zivaskanda athavA zivakoTi ko samantabhadrAcArya ne dIkSA dI thii| isI vaMza ke rAjA kAkusthavarman ke 400 I0 ke halasI tAmralekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha jaina dharma kA poSaka thA aura usane jaina mandira ke lie dAna diyA thaa| kadamba vaMza ke anya jaina rAjAzAntivarmana, mRgezavarman, ravivarman aura harivarman jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI taka inakA zAsana ThIka calatA rhaa| kadamboM ke bAda yahA~ vAtApi (bAdAmI) ke cAlukyoM kA zAsana rhaa| isa vaMza kA prasiddha rAjA pulakezI (dvitIya) jaina dharma kA prazrayadAtA thaa| aihola ke meguTI mandira ke zilAlekha se yaha bAta atyanta spaSTa hai| AThavIM sadI meM rASTrakUTa zAsaka-vaMza kA udaya huA aura ve do sau varSoM taka rAjya karate rahe / unakI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa (Adhunika malakheDa) thii| isa vaMza kA samrATa amoghavarSa jaina dharma kA pakkA anuyAyI thaa| usI ke zAsana-kAla meM jinasenAcArya (dvitIya) ne sATha hajAra zlokoM meM jayadhavala kI racanA kI, saMskRta mahApurANa (AdipurANa bhAga) kI zreSTha kAvyamayI sRSTi kii| DaoN0 altekara ke anusAra, rASTrakUToM ke zAsana-kAla meM lagabhaga do-tihAI prajA jainadharma kA pAlana karatI thii| rASTrakUToM ke bAda, uparyukta pradeza para nolamba vaMza kA rAjya rhaa| unake bAda 973 se 1200 I0 taka kalyANI ke jaina rAjAoM ke adhikAra meM yaha pradeza banA rhaa| kalyANI zAsana ke bAda yaha kSetra dvArasamudra ke hoyasala rAjavaMza ke adhIna ho gyaa| isa vaMza kA zAsaka biTrideva (viSNavardhana) jainadharmAnayAyI thA, bAda meM vaha vaiSNava bana gyaa| DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina kA mata hai ki isa rAjA ne dharma-parivartana nahIM kiyaa| usakI jaina paTTamahiSI zAntalA ne aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA aura dAna diyA thaa| vaha dakSiNa bhArata kI sarvAdhika prasiddha mahArAnI, viduSI evaM saMgIta tathA nRtya meM niSNAta mahilA thii| isI vaMza kA nareza ballAla dvitIya (1173-1220 I.) bhI jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thA aura usane tIrtha-yAtrAe~ kI thIM aura jaina mandiroM ko paryApta dAna diyA thaa| usake bAda isa vaMza kA patana prArambha huaa| sana 1310 I. meM alAuddIna khilajI ke senApati malika kAphUra ne dvArasamudra para AkramaNa kara diyA aura use apane adhIna kara liyaa| hoyasala ke kucha sAmanta svatantra ho ge| kucha samaya taka hampI kSetra samIpastha kampilA ke sAmantoM ke adhikAra meM A gyaa| ye sAmanta devagiri (Adhanika daulatAbAda) ke yAdavoM ke adhIna the| kintu devagiri para bhI muhammada tugalaka kA adhikAra ho gyaa| isa samaya kampilA ke zAsaka ne tugalaka ke viruddha vidroha karane vAle 1. dekheM 'paTTamahAdevI zAntalA' (4 bhAgoM meM) jJAnapITha se prakAzita aitihAsika upanyAsa / /
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________________ 14 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) bahAuddIna garazAspa ko zaraNa de dii| isase cir3hakara muhammada tugalaka aura vAraMgala ke kAkatIya zAsaka ne milakara kampilA para AkramaNa kara diyaa| kampilAzAsaka mArA gayA aura usakA rAjya dillI saltanata ke adhIna (1326-27 meM) ho gyaa| kampilA ke do koSadhara bhAiyoMharihara aura bukkA-ko bandI banAyA aura vahA~ unheM musalamAna banA liyaa| isI bIca dakSiNa meM muslima zAsana ke viruddha vidroha prArambha hue| kampilA ke muslima saradAra ne muhammada tugalaka se sahAyatA maaNgii| isa para tugalaka ne harihara aura bukkA ko kampilA bhejaa| ina bhAiyoM ne maukA pAkara islAma chor3a diyA, zakti saMcita kI aura eka naye rAjavaMza kI nIMva DAlI jo itihAsa meM 'saMgama rAjavaMza' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| ve saMgama ke putra the isalie yaha vaMza 'saMgama' khlaayaa| ve yAdavavaMzI bhI kahe gae haiN| vijayanagara sAmrAjya (1336-1565 I.) harihara aura bukkA ne apanI rAjadhAnI kI sthApanA ke lie hampI kSetra ko cunA / yahA~ tuMgabhadrA nadI aura tIna parvata-hemakUTa, mAtaMga aura mAlyavanta-the / ataH ina bhAIyoM ne isa nadI aura bar3e-bar3e zilAkhaNDoM vAle ina parvatoM kA upayoga kara qilebandI prArambha kI jise pUrA hone meM sAta varSoM kA samaya lgaa| moTe bolDaroM kI dIvAloM se ina parvatoM ko jor3a diyA gyaa| isa kilebandI meM Adhunika hosapeTa aura kamalApura taka ke kSetra sammilita the| isameM sAta parakoTe the / grenAiTa ke vizAla zilAkhaNDoM kI dIvAroM ke nizAna Aja bhI mahalakSetra meM vidyamAna haiN| (san 1886 I. meM akAla par3a gayA thaa| usa samaya rAhata pahu~cAne ke lie isa kilebandI ko tor3akara aneka gaDDhe bharavA die ge| aneka dvAra aba bhI maujUda haiM / inameM se hAthI nikala sakate the|) ___naI rAjadhAnI kA nAma vijayanagara rakhA gyaa| yaha bhI janazruti hai ki ina bhAiyoM ne apane guru vidyAraNya ke nAma para isakA nAma vidyAnagarI bhI rakhA thaa| kintu vijayanagara nAma hI sadA prayukta rhaa| - san 1347 I. meM dillI saltanata ke eka turkI saradAra ne daulatAbAda para adhikAra kara liyaa| gulabargA ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAkara bahamanI rAjya kI nIMva ddaalii| yaha rAjya prArambha se hI vijayanagara kA zatra rahA, usase yuddha hote rahe aura anta meM isa kAraNa se bhI vijayanagara sAmrAjya naSTa huaa| saMgama vaMza kA prathama zAsaka harihara prathama thA jisane 1336 se 1357 I. taka apane bhAI bukkA ke sAtha rAjya kiyA / DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina ke anusAra, "harihara aura usake vaMzajoM kA rAjyadharma sAmAnyataH hindUdharma thaa| prajA meM adhikAMza jaina the, unake pazcAt zrIvaiSNava, liMgAyata yA vIrazaiva aura phira sadazaiva kI saMkhyA thii| kintu vijayanagara-nareza prArambha se hI siddhAntataH sabhI dharmoM ke prati sahiSNu, samadarzI aura udAra the| svayaM rAjadhAnI vijayanagara (hampI yA prAcIna pampA) ke vartamAna khaNDaharoM meM vahA~ ke jaina mandira hI sarva prAcIna haiN| ve nagara ke sarvazreSTha kendrIya sthAna meM sthita haiM, aura aneka vidvAnoM ke mata se, unameM se aneka aise haiM jo vahA~ vijayanagara kI sthApanA ke pUrva se hI vidyamAna the| isase spaSTa hai ki yaha sthAna bahuta pahale se hI eka prasiddha jaina kendra thaa|"
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________________ hampI / 75 harihara prathama kA putra rAjakumAra virUpAkSa araga kA zAsaka thaa| usake samaya meM 1363 I. meM pArzvanAtha basadi kI sImAoM ke sambandha meM jainoM aura vaiSNavoM meM vivAda huaa| rAjakumAra donoM pakSoM ko bulAyA aura jainoM kA pakSa nyAyocita ThaharAkara eka zilAlekha aMkita karA diyA / harihara ke bAda usakA bhAI bukkArAya ( prathama ) rAjA huA / usane 1365 se 1377 I. taka rAjya kiyA / usakA mahAsenApati bhI jaina vIra baicappa thA / baica kA putra iruga bhI usakA eka senApati thA / isake samaya meM sudUra dakSiNa taka rAjya phaila gyaa| isa rAjA kA 1368 I. kA eka zilAlekha dhArmika udAratA evaM sahiSNutA ke lie bar3A prasiddha hai / isakA viSaya jainoM aura vaiSNavoM ke bIca vivAda kA samAdhAna hai| isakI nakala rAjya meM aneka sthAnoM para zilAlekha ke rUpa meM lagAI gaI thI / saMskRta aura kannar3a meM yaha lekha (yahA~ kI bhASA meM 'zAsana' ) kalya ( sAnUra paraganA ) meM cikkaNNA ke kheta meM eka pASANa para ( adhUrA ) tathA zravaNabelagola kI bhaNDAra basadi meM pUrva kI ora ke prathama stambha para pAyA gayA hai| isameM likhA haimahAmaNDaloM meM varavIra bukkArAya ke zAsanakAla meM Aneya gondi, hosapaTTaNa, penagoNDe aura kalyaha nADuoM (z2iloM) ke jainoM ne yaha Avedana kiyA ki tirumala, tirunArAyaNapura Adi anya aThAraha nADuoM ke zrIvaiSNavoM ke hAthoM jaina anyAya se mAre jA rahe haiM / isa para rAjA ne jainoM aura vaiSNavoM ke pratinidhiyoM ke hAtha se hAtha milA die aura kahA ki jaina aura vaiSNava darzana meM koI bheda nahIM hai tathA jaina darzana ko pichalI maryAdA ke anusAra paMca mahAvidyA aura kalaza kA adhikAra hai / yadi jaina darzana kI hAni yA vRddhi huI to vaiSNavoM ko ise apanI hI hAni yA vRddhi samajhanI cAhie / zrIvaiSNavoM ko isa viSaya ke zAsana ( zilAlekha ) samasta rAjya kI basadiyoM meM lagA dene caahie| jaina aura vaiSNava eka haiM, ve kabhI do nahIM samajhe jAyeM / belagula ( zravaNabelagola ) meM vaiSNava aMgarakSakoM kI niyukti ke lie rAjya ke jainiyoM se pratyeka ghara pIche prativarSa jo eka 'haNa' (sikkA) liyA jAtA hai usameM se tirumala ke tAtayyadeva kI rakSA ke lie bIsa rakSaka niyukta kie jAe~ge aura zeSa dravya jaina mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra evaM putAI Adi meM kharca kiyA jaaegaa| yaha niyama prativarSa, jaba taka sUrya-candra haiM taba taka rahegA / jo koI isakA ullaMghana karegA vaha rAjya kA, saMgha kA aura samudAya kA drohI ThaharegA / yadi koI tapasvI yA grAmAdhikArI isa dharma kA pratighAta karegA to vaha gaMgAtaTa para eka kapilA gAya aura brAhmaNa ko hatyArA mAnA jAegA / anta meM eka zloka diyA hai jisakA Azaya hai - isa pRthvI para jo bhI apanI yA dUsare kI vastu kA apaharaNa karatA hai vaha sATha hajAra varSoM taka viSTA meM kIr3oM ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / bukkA ke bAda usake putra harihara dvitIya (1377-1404 I.) ne isa kSetra para rAjya kiyaa| usake samaya meM vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI sImA uttara meM kRSNA nadI taka pahu~ca gaI thI / dakSiNa meM laMkA taka usane sainika abhiyAna kiyA thA / usakA daNDAdhinAyaka iruga yA iMrugapa nAmaka jaina thaa| usane 1386 I. meM 'kunthu jinAlaya' banavAyA thA jo Aja bhI hampI meM maujUda hai aura 'gANigiti mandira' kahalAtA hai| usane 'nAnArtharatnAkara' nAmaka koza grantha kI racanA bhI kI thI / harihara dvitIya kI 1404 I. meM mRtyu kI ghaTanA kA ullekha zravaNabelagola ke eka zilAlekha meM hai /
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________________ 16 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) uparyukta rAjA ke bAda, 1404 se 1420 taka do rAjAoM-bukkArAya dvitIya aura devaprathama ne rAjya kiyA / ve bahamanI zAsakoM se yuddha meM hI lage rhe| devarAya prathama kI rAnI bhImAdevI jaina mahilA thI / usane 1410 I. meM zravaNabelagola kI maMgAyi basadi meM zAntinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita karAI thI aura dAna diyA thA / rAjA svayaM bhI jaina muni dharmabhUSaNa kA bhakta thaa| san 1420 I. meM iTAliyana yAtrI nikolo koNTI vijayanagara AyA thA / usane isa nagara kA bar3A sundara varNana kiyA hai / devarAya dvitIya (1420-46 I.) eka mahattvAkAMkSI, mahAn zAsaka thA / bahamaniyoM se yuddha karate rahane ke atirikta, usane ur3IsA para bhI vijaya prApta kI, pUre dakSiNa bhArata para zAsana kiyA aura laMkA tathA barmA se bhI kara vasUla kiyaa| san 1424 I. meM usane varAMga kI neminAtha basadi ko varAMga grAma dAna meM diyA thaa| san 1426 I. meM usane vijayanagara ke hI pAna-supArI bAz2Ara meM pArzvanAtha kA eka mandira banavAyA thA jo aba bhI dhvasta avasthA meM maujUda hai| kAra meM bAhubalI kI pratiSThA meM vaha svayaM 1432 meM sammilita huA thA / apane rAjya ke prathama varSa (1420 ) meM hI usane zravaNabelagola ke gomaTezvara kI pUjA ke lie eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thA / isa nareza kI 1446 meM mRtyu kA ullekha bhI zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM meM hai / san 1440 meM vijayanagara Aye phArasa ke rAjadUta abdura raz2Aka ne bhI vijayanagara bahuta prazaMsA kI hai / devarAya ke bAda, lagabhaga 60 varSoM taka nirbala aura alpakAlIna zAsakoM kA rAjya rahA / saMgama rAjAoM ke eka mantrI narasiMha sAluva ne zAsana hathiyA liyA aura 1486 se 92 taka rAjya kiyA aura dakSiNa ko phira vijita kiyA / isI kAla meM 1482 meM bahamanI zAsaka kA rAjya pA~ca Tukar3oM meM ba~Ta gyaa| inameM se bIjApura kA sulatAna vijayanagara sAmrAjya kA sabase bar3A zatru siddha huA / sAluva vaMza ke zAsaka immaDi narasiMha ko bhI arasanAyaka nAma ke eka sAmanta ne mAra DAlA aura svayaM zAsaka bana gayA / yaha vaMza tuluva kahalAtA thA / usake bAda vIra narasiMha bhujabala ( 1506-9 ) zAsaka huA / usakA uttarAdhikArI kRSNadevarAya (1509-30 I.) banA / vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke itihAsa meM usakA zAsanakAla sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa thaa| usake zAsanakAla ko svarNayuga kahA gayA hai| use apane sainika abhiyAnoM meM saphalatA hI saphalatA milii| usane pUre dakSiNa bhArata para adhikAra kara liyA, bahamanI sulatAna ko dhUla caTAI, aura ur3IsA para bhI apanA prabhutva sthApita kiyA / 1520 I. meM usane rAyacUra ke yuddha meM bIjApura ke sulatAna ko harAkara bIjApura para kabjA kara liyA kintu prajA para koI atyAcAra nahIM kiyA, balki Atma-samarpaNa karane vAle sainikoM ko kSamA kara diyA / usane purtagAliyoM se bhI rAjanayika sambandha sthApita kie / sAhitya aura kalA kA bhI vaha premI thA / usane saMskRta aura telugu meM racanA kI / viTThala mandira, hajArA rAmamandira Adi hampI ke mandiroM, gopuroM Adi kA usane saMvardhana kiyaa| usake samaya meM siMcAI ke lie naharoM kA jAla bichA | purtagAlI yAtrI DomiMgo pAisa aura nUniz2a ne isa nagarI (vijayanagara) aura rAjA ke aizvarya, tyohAroM, senA, logoM, prathAoM kA bar3A rocaka evaM vistRta varNana kiyA hai jo 'vijayanagara empAyara' nAmaka nezanala buka TrasTa kI pustaka meM chapA hai / kRSNadevarAya sabhI dharmoM kA Adara karatA thaa| jaina dharma kA bhI vaha Adara karatA thA /
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________________ hampI / 17 san 1516 I. aura 1519 I. meM usane ciMgalapuTa jile kI trailokyanAtha basadi ko do gA~va dAna meM die the| ballArI jile kI eka basadi ko 1 528 I. meM usane dAna diyA thA aura zilAlekha aMkita karAyA thaa| mUDabidrI kI guru basadi ko bhI usane sthAyI vRtti dI thii| san 1530 I. ke "eka jaina zilAlekha meM syAdvAda mata aura jinendra ke sAtha AdivarAha aura zambhu ko namaskAra karanA isa nareza dvArA rAjya kI pAramparika nIti ke anusaraNa kA paricAyaka hai|" -(DaoN. jyotiprasAda jain)| varAha vijayanagara zAsakoM kA rAjakIya cihna thaa| kRSNadevarAya ke bAda, acyutarAya aura sadAzivarAya nAmaka do nirbala zAsakoM ne 1530 se 1542 taka rAjya kiyaa| unake bAda kRSNadevarAya ke dAmAda rAmarAya (araviDa vaMza) ne apane ko rAjA ghoSita kara diyA / rAmarAya ne dakSiNa kI muslima saltanata bIjApura (AdilazAhI) ko samApta karane kI yojanA banAI kintu vaha saphala nahIM ho skii| usake dAvapecoM ko dekhakara ahamadanagara, bIjApura, golakuNDA aura bIdara ke sulatAnoM ne apanI rakSA ke lie senAe~ ikaTThI kI aura sabane milakara vijayanagara para hamale ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| kRSNA nadI ke kinAre 18 janavarI 1565 ke dina talikoTA nAmaka sthAna para donoM senAoM meM bhISaNa yuddha huaa| vijayanagara kI jIta hone hI vAlI thI ki isa sAmrAjya ke muslima senApatiyoM aura sipAhiyoM ne dhokA de diyaa| (kahA jAtA hai ki vijayanagara kI senA meM dasa hajAra muslima sipAhI the|) yuddha meM, rAmarAya kA hAthI ghAyala ho gyaa| rAmarAya ne pAsa khar3e ghor3e para kUdane kA prayatna kiyA kintu ahamadanagara ke sulatAna ne usakA sira ur3A diyA aura use bhAle para TA~gakara pradarzita kiyA / senA meM bhagadar3a maca gaI aura eka sAmrAjya kA anta ho gyaa| sulatAnoM kI senA ne vijayanagara ko lagAtAra pA~ca mahInoM taka lUTA aura naSTa kiyaa| hathaur3oM se pratimAe~, mandira, kalA-kRtiyA~ naSTa kI giiN| nara-saMhAra bhISaNa rUpa se huA aura kucha hI samaya ke bAda rAjadhAnI vIrAna ho gaI aura usameM siMha jaise hiMsaka jantu ghUmane lge| jo nagara apane cauDe mArgoM, chAyAdAra vakSoM, naharoM, mandiroM tathA nIba aura santaroM kI bahatAyata evaM hIre javAharAta ke vyApAra tathA dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sAhityika abhivRddhi ke lie prasiddha thA, vaha eka purAnI smRtimAtra raha gyaa| bIjApura kI adhInatA ke bAda yaha kSetra auraMgajeba ke sAmrAjya kA aMga bana gyaa| eka sAvadhAnI hampI ke avazeSoM ko dekhane ke lie yahA~ kA nakzA atyanta Avazyaka hai anyathA bahutasI acchI cIjeM chUTa jAe~gI aura paryaTaka kA AnA vyartha ho sakatA hai| virUpAkSa mandira ke pAsa rAmakRSNa mizana kI pustaka dUkAna se eka nakzA niHzulka milatA hai jo ki lAMgaharTa kI pustaka se liyA gayA hai kintu usameM 'gANigitti' jaina mandira nahIM hai| kucha anya kSetra bhI nahIM haiN| isalie yaha ucita hogA ki paryaTaka isa pustaka meM die gae krama se bhramaNa kre| ____Upara yaha kahA gayA hai hampI meM kalAvazeSa 26 ki.mI. ke ghere meM phaile hue haiN| isakA yaha artha bilakula nahIM hai ki paryaTaka ko 26 ki.mI. ke kSetra meM ghUmanA hai| vAstava meM, ye avazeSa mukhya rUpa se do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kie jAte haiM--(1) mandira-kSetra jo ki thor3e-se pahAr3I kSetra aura tuMgabhadrA nadI ke kinAre-kinAre phailA huA hai| isa kSetra meM vRkSavihIna grenAiTa patthara kI
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________________ 78 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kAlI caTTAneM haiM, jaMgala yA jaMgalI jAnavara nahIM hai| nadI meM, usake kinAroM para, hemakUTa aura mAtaMga para par3I ye caTTAneM kahIM hAthI jaisI vizAlakAya, to kahIM bhaiMsa jaisI, kahIM binA sahAre yA sIdhI khar3I huI-sI jAna par3atI haiN| paryaTaka na cAhe to mAtaMga pahAr3a para na car3he hAlAMki vahA~ se sUryAsta, sUryodaya tathA hampI aura AsapAsa ke kSetra kA sundara dRzya dikhAI par3atA hai / cUMki ye caTTAneM garama ho jAtI haiM isalie subaha ke samaya idhara kA paryaTana ThIka rahatA hai / jainetara janatA kA tIrtha sthAna (pampA tIrtha ) hone ke kAraNa yaha yAtrA patha sUnA nahIM rhtaa| kula milAkara nadI, zilAkhaNDoM, mandiroM kA yaha dRzya bahuta dinoM taka paryaTaka ke smRti paTala para banA rahatA hai / mandira kSetra meM kucha bhAga sar3aka hai aura kucha bhAga paidala yAtrA kA hai jo bahuta hI AnandadAyI hai / ( 2 ) dUsarA kSetra - mahala kA kSetra hai / yaha maidAnI bhAga hai / yahA~ mahala, hastizAlA, siMhAsana TIlA, khudAI meM prApta jaina mandira, bhUmigata mandira aura sar3aka ke kinAre gAnigitti jaina mandira haiM / isa kSetra meM vAhana se bhI yAtrA kI jA sakatI hai / yadi paryaTaka isa kSetra kI yAtrA do bAra meM do dina kare to use adhika Ananda AegA / eka dina mandira kSetra kI aura dUsare dina mahala kSetra kI / kucha loga eka hI dina meM aura vaha bhI paidala yAtrA kara DAlate haiM, darzanIya sthaloM ke pAsa se kevala gujara jAte haiM aura unakA itanI dUra dravya vyaya karake AnA niSphala jAtA hai / sthAnIya loga yA gAiDa gAnigitti jaina mandira kSetra kI ora jAne se katarAte haiM / kaha dete haiM ki 'udhara kucha nahIM hai / aise logoM kI bAta para dhyAna nahIM denA caahie| yaha adhika acchA hogA ki yahA~ die gae krama yAtrA kI jAe / - hosapeTa se hampI ke lie do mArgoM kI sarakArI baseM calatI haiM / eka to, kaDDIrAmapura hote hue hampI jAtI hai aura virUpAkSa mandira ke sAmane ke hampI bAz2Ara samApta hotI hai / mandira kSetra ke lie kaDDIrAmapura hokara hampI jAne vAlI basa lenI caahie| dUsarI basa, kamalApura hokara hampI, usI sthAna para, jAtI hai / yaha mahala kSetra se kucha dUrI se jAtI hai / jainaparyaTaka ko parAmarza diyA jAtA hai ki vaha mahala kSetra dekhane ke lie kamalApura yA usase Age kampalI kI basa leM, kamalApura ke dUsare sTaoNpa para utareM, vahA~ se kampalI (Kampli) sar3aka para eka-do pharlAMga paidala calakara 'gAnigitti' jaina mandira dekheM, vApasa usI sthAna para A jAe~ vahIM bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga kA kAryAlaya hai aura eka sar3aka saMgrahAlaya ( museum ) ke lie mur3atI hai / vahA~ se lauTakara mahala kSetra dekheM | sar3aka para likhA hai- hampI 4 ki. mI. / saba kucha dekhane ke bAda kamalApura se hosapeTa kI basa lI jA sakatI hai / kamalApura eka gA~va hai aura hosapeTa se 11-12 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai / mandira evaM anya kalAvazeSa yAtrA krama : 1 hampI ke avazeSoM ke aitihAsika varNana meM e. eca. lAMgaharsTa kI pustaka 'hampI ina ruinsa' se sahAyatA lI gaI hai / (zrI lAMgaharsTa bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga ke usa samaya ke dakSiNa maNDala ke adhIkSaka the| unakI yaha pustaka 1925 I. meM prakAzita huI thI / unake mata yahA~ yA to uddhRta kiyA gayA hai yA usakA sArAMza diyA gayA hai, kintu aisA karate samaya
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________________ hampI / 79 unake nAma kA ullekha avazya kiyA gayA hai / hosapeTa se hampI ( mandira kSetra) taka pakkI sar3aka hai / usa para baseM calatI haiN| rAste meM anantazayanaguDI nAmaka gA~va aura kaDDIrAmapura Ate haiN| jahA~ kucha muslima kabreM haiM / hosapeTa Ane vAlI sar3aka para 7 ki. mI. ke bAda, eka sar3aka mur3atI hai jo ki mandira kSetra (hampI) kI ora jAtI hai| sIdhI sar3aka kamalApura calI jAtI hai / mandira kSetra kI basa paryaTaka ko hampI bAz2Ara meM utAra detI hai / yaha bAz2Ara 35 gaja caur3A aura 800 gaja lambA hai| kisI samaya yahA~ vyApAra kI dhUma thI - hIre-javAharAta aura sabhI vastuoM kI / yahA~ vyApAriyoM, adhikAriyoM ke bhavana the / unake avazeSa pASANa ke stambhoM, bhagna makAnoM meM aba bhI haiM jinameM kucha loga basa gae haiN| bAz2Ara aba bhI yahA~ hai / usameM pUjA sAmagrI, pustakeM, ThaNDe peya Adi milate haiM / yahIM karnATaka sarakAra kA eka choTA-sA paryaTana kAryAlaya bhI hai / 1. virUpAkSa mandira - bAz2Ara se pazcima dizA meM yahA~ kA sarvAdhika prasiddha virUpAkSa yA pampApati mandira hai jisameM aba bhI pUjana hotI hai / yaha mandira tuMgabhadrA nadI ke kinAre hai / isakA gopura ( pravezadvAra ) naumaMjilA hai aura 52 mITara U~cA hai / usameM Upara taka jAne ke lie sIr3hiyA~ bhI haiM / eka mata yaha hai ki yaha gopura bistappA ne cauthI zatAbdI meM banavAyA thA aura bistappA gopura kahalAtA thaa| dUsarA mata yaha hai ki ise devarAja dvitIya ke eka adhikArI TippA (1422-46) ne banavAyA thA aura usakI marammata kRSNadevarAya ne 1510 I. meM karAI thI / kevala 60 varSoM meM hI marammata kI AvazyakatA par3a gaI yaha kucha aTapaTA lagatA hai / eka hajAra varSa ke bAda marammata kI bAta ThIka ja~catI hai| yaha mandira aura usakA ahAtA bar3A vizAla hai / usameM tIrtha yAtriyoM ke Thaharane kI bhI vyavasthA hai / isakI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki tuMgabhadrA nadI kI eka saMkIrNa dhArA mandira kI chata para se hotI huI rasoIghara meM nIce giratI hai aura phira bAhara baha jAtI hai / isameM choTe gopura bhI haiM aura aneka choTe-choTe mandira bhI haiM / isalie yaha eka prakAra kA mandira - samUha hI hai| tIna maMjila kA eka choTA gopura kRSNadevarAya ne 1510 I. meM banavAyA thA / mukhya mandira pUrvAbhimukhI hai / isake citra sundara haiM / arjuna, dazAvatAra, dikpAla, ziva Adi kA aMkana acchA bana par3A hai| garbhagRha meM eka sa~karA, pradakSiNA - prAkAra hai| isakA zikhara gumbaja - jaisA hai / usameM virUpAkSa liMga (zivaliMga) sthApita hai / mandira ke ahAte meM pAtAlezvara, navadurgA Adi aneka choTe mandira haiM / dakSiNapazcima meM sarasvatI kI kAle pASANa vAlI pratimA se yukta eka mandira hai / do bhujAoM vAlI AsIna sarasvatI vINA bajA rahI hai aura usake mastaka ke pIche sundara prabhAvalI hai / yahA~ pArvatI aura bhuvanezvarI ke do mandiroM ko purAtattvavid bArahavIM sadI kA mAnate haiM arthAt vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA se pahale ke / lA~gaharsTa ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki isa mandira-samUha ke mandira vibhinna kAlAvadhiyoM meM nirmita hue haiM aura yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki ( 1336 I. meM vijayanagara kI nIMva par3ane se pahale hI isa sthala para jainoM kA koI mandira rahA ho / ) "It is possible that the Jains had a temple on this site long before the founding of Vijayanagar in 1336" (pRSTha 26 ) / 2. hemakUTa - virUpAkSa mandira ke dakSiNa kI pahAr3I hemakUTa ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa para sthita mandira 'jaina - mandira samUha' kahalAte haiM (citra kra. 24 ) / inheM dekhane ke lie
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________________ 80 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) hampI bAz2Ara se hosapeTa jAne vAlI sar3aka para thor3I-sI dUra hI paidala calanA hotA hai| | 'Jain group of Temples' likhA hai| yahA~ isa mandira-samaha kA mAnacitra pradazita hai| isI ke sAtha, jaina mandira (trikUTAcala) zailI ke mandira kA citra bhI diyA gayA hai| hemakUTa ke mandira dhvasta avasthA meM haiN| unameM itanI tor3a-phor3a huI hai ki jaina cihnoM kA patA nahIM lgtaa| mUrti to hai hI nhiiN| ye mandira trikUTAcala yA samUha meM tIna mandira haiM arthAt inameM tIna garbhagRha haiN| mandiroM kI yaha zailI jainakalA kI vizeSatA mAnI jAtI hai| aisA hI eka jaina mandira (pArzvanAtha basadi) hampI meM bhI maujUda hai jise devarAya dvitIya ne 1426 I. meM banavAyA thaa| trikUTa-zailI ke jaina mandira baDDamaNI (prAcIna vardhamAnapura), pragatura aura belagA~va meM bhI haiN| inake sopAnabaddha zikhara bhI jaina zailI ke mAne jAte haiN| ina trikUTa-mandiroM kA stambhoMyukta eka kendrIya maNDapa hotA hai| eka mandira uttaramukhI hai to zeSa do mandiroM kA praveza pUrva aura pazcima se hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki inameM se kucha ziva-mandira hoM yA kisI samaya rUpAntarita kiye gae hoN| lA~gaharsTa kA mata hai ki kucha mandiroM kI nirmANa-zailI itanI sAdhAraNa hai ki inheM sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pallava-mandiroM kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai aura ve vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA se pahale ke haiN| jina mandiroM meM kucha utkRSTa kalAkArI hai ve caudahavIM-pandrahavIM sadI se bhI pahale ke ho sakate haiN| inakI dIvAreM bar3e-bar3e zilAkhaNDoM ko jor3akara nirmita kI gaI haiN| inake caukora stambha bhI pASANa ke haiN| jo bhI ho, ye mandira prAcIna haiM aura jaina mandiroM ke rUpa meM Aja taka prasiddha haiN| ____3. ratnatraya-kUTa (Adhunika zrImadrAjacandra Azrama)-jaina mandira samUha ke sAmane kI pahADI para eka aura borDa para likhA hai-'zrImadarAjacandra aashrm'| yaha jisa pahADI para sthita hai use 'ratnakUTa' kahA gayA hai / isakI sthApanA svAmI sahajAnanda ghana (bhadramaNi) ne 1960 I. meM kI thii| ve saMgha se alaga ho gae aura unhoMne nAmahIna hokara apanA nAma sahajAnanda rakha liyaa| unakI tapasyA ke samaya yahA~ hiMsaka jIvoM aura vyantaroM kA upadrava batAyA jAtA hai| kintu aba Azrama, mandiroM aura aneka bhavanoM kA nirmANa ho cukA hai tathA 'vijayanagara sTIla plAMTa' kI bhI yojanA hai / isa Azrama kA ahAtA bahuta bar3A hai / pAnI-bijalI sabhI taraha kI suvidhA hai| Azrama meM prAkRtika zilAoM se nirmita eka guphA hai jo ki U~ce sthAna para hai| dotIna bar3I-bar3I zilAe~ isa guphA kA nirmANa karatI haiN| isI meM candraprabha kI digambara mUrti virAjamAna hai| isakA pharza pakkA hai| yahA~ dhyAna calatA rahatA hai, Tepa bhI calate haiM / mandira meM zrImadrAjacandra, sahajAnanda dhana ke citra lage haiN| yahIM eka guru-mandira bhI hai jisakA sabhAmaNDapa kAphI bar3A hai| isa mandira meM zrImadrAjacandra, sahajAnanda ghana aura jinadattasUri kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI gaI haiN| isa Azrama kI mAnyatAoM se kucha ko asahamati ho sakatI hai kintu candraprabha mandira darzanIya hai hii| Thaharane kI suvidhA bhI uttama hai| yaha sthAna zAnta, ramaNIka aura sAdhanA ke upayukta hai / patA isa prakAra hai-zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, ratnakUTa, hampI, posTa oNphisa-kamalApuram, relave sTezana hosapeTa, jilA ballArI (krnaattk)| ___4. pArzvanAtha ke caraNa yA viSNupAda-hemakUTa parvata para hI do gaNeza-mandira haiM jo ki 'sAzivekAlu' aura 'kaDalekAlu' gaNeza-mandira kahalAte haiN| prathama mandira kI gaNeza-pratimA
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________________ hampI / 81 2.4 mITara U~cI hai| vaha khule maNDapa meM hai kintu inheM 'sarasoM gaNeza' kahA jAtA hai / pratimA khaNDita hai / kaDalekAlu mandira kI khaNDita gaNeza pratimA 4.5 mITara U~cI hai kintu use bhI 'canA gaNeza' kahA jAtA hai / ye nAma zAyada vyaMgya meM diye gae haiM / zivakA gaNeza kI dAhinI ora eka choTA-sA mandira hai / yaha mandira caTTAna para bane una do caraNoM ke AsapAsa banAyA gayA hai jinake cAroM ora eka nAga hai / purAtattva sarvekSaNa vibhAga, bhArata sarakAra dvArA 1983 I. meM prakAzita 'hampI' nAmaka a~grejI pustaka meM DI. devakuMjAra ne likhA hai ki ina caraNoM ko sAdhAraNataH viSNu ke caraNa mAnA jAtA hai| nAga dvArA AvRta caraNa vijayanagara meM, tuMgabhadrA nadI ke kinAre kaI sthAnoM para pAye jAte haiM / kintu unakA kyA mahattva hai yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / uparyukta caraNoM kA spaSTIkaraNa dillI ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya ke nidezaka (DAyarekTara) sva. zrI zivarAmamUrti ne apanI amara kRti 'South-Panorama of Jaina Art' (1983) meM kiyA hai| ye caraNa isa pustaka kI citra saM. 2 haiM / usameM uddhRta pArzvanAtha ke Upara chape eka ulaTe aura eka sIdhe caraNa kA artha pArzvanAtha kI sarvajJatA (cahu~ ora sabhI padArtha dekha sakane kI kSamatA) batAyA hai aura nAga ko ina caraNoM kA rakSaka batAyA hai / yaha spaSTIkaraNa jaina mAnyatA ke anurUpa hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM / inase bhI isa kSetra meM pArzvanAtha kA prabhAva aura prAcIna hampI -vAsiyoM dvArA nAgaphalakoM yA nAga kI pUjA samajha meM AtI hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI mata hai ki virUpAkSa mandira pahale nAgadevatA ko samarpita thA / zrI zivarAmamUrti ne apanI uparyukta pustaka ke bArahaveM pRSTha para likhA hai-- "a pair of feet in Hampi represent Parshvanatha's kindness of the snake that he saved from annihilation, which out of his gratitude in his birth as Dharamendra Yaksha canopi d him with his hoods and protected him from Kamatha. The feet are here shown in opposite directions to suggest that he could see in all directions like Gautama, the rishi who had eyes even in his feet. The 'kevala-jnana' of Tirthankara that transcends the highest of any other knowledge and is the acme of perfection, is thereby suggested as facing and taking into accounnt every thing all around." 5-6-7-8-9-10--isI kSetra meM 'kRSNa mandira', 'sarasvatI mandira' (sarasvatI ke hAthoM meM eka tAr3apatra hai), 'baDavI liMga' (ziva mandira jisameM 3 mITara U~cA zivaliMga hai), 'ugranarasiMha' ( pratimA kI U~cAI 6.7 mITara) tathA ' caNDezvara mandira' (vaiSNava mandira) aura 'vIrabhadra mandira' ( vIrabhadra kI aba bhI pUjita 3.6 mITara U~cI pratimA ) haiM / inheM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / ina mandiroM ko dekha lene ke bAda, paryaTaka ko vApasa hampI bAz2Ara lauTanA cAhie aura virUpAkSa mandira ke gopura kI ulaTI dizA meM bar3hanA cAhie / 11. nandI - jahA~ bAz2Ara kA anta hotA hai vahA~ eka khule maNDapa meM nandI kI vizAla mUrti hai | yaha virUpAkSa (ziva) mandira ke sAmane kA nandI mAnA jAtA hai / uparyukta nandI se pahale hI eka paidala rAstA tuMgabhadrA nadI kI ora mur3atA hai / aura aba zurU hotI hai tuMgabhadrA ke sundara evaM manohArI taTa ke kinAre-kinAre mandiroM Adi kI paidala
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________________ 82 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) yaatraa| yaha yAtrA lambI nahIM hai aura na hI kucha bhayAnaka dikhane vAlI pahAr3iyoM meM se hokara / kevala nadI ke kinAre-kinAre calanA hai jahA~ yAtriyoM kA hamezA AvAgamana rahatA hai| hosapeTa se hampI bAz2Ara taka (eka se lekara Upara likhe gyArahavIM dRzya-vastu taka) kI yAtrA basa yA kAra meM bhI pakkI sar3aka ke sAtha-sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| paidala-yAtrA viTala mandira para samApta hotI hai| vahA~ phira kAra yA basa A sakatI hai aura gAnigitti mandira tathA mahala-kSetra kI yAtrA vAhana se kI jA sakatI hai| yadi kAra yA basa viTThala mandira ke pAsa lAtI ho to 'vIrabhadra svAmI mandira', 'rAnI snAnAgAra' (kvInsa baoNtha) hote hue kamalApura sthita Trevalarsa baMgalA aura phira vahA~ se talArIge? (Talarigattu) aura nimbApuram hote hue kAra yA basa viTThala mandira phuNcegii| paidala paryaTakoM ko mahala-kSetra dUsare caraNa meM dekhanA cAhie arthAta prathama yAtrA-krama viTrala mandira para samApta kara apane sthAna para lauTa AnA caahie| dUsare krama meM apanI yAtrA hosapeTa se kamalApura, vahA~ se eka pharlAga dUra gAnigitti jaina mandira (kampalI roDa para) se paryaTana prArambha karanA caahie| 12. koNDanarAma mandira-tuMgabhadrA ke kinAre calane para sabase pahale yaha mandira AtA hai| isameM rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA kI sAr3he cAra mITara U~cI pratimAe~ haiN| 13. cakratIrtha-uparyukta mandira ke sAmane hI eka ghATa hai jo cakratIrtha kahalAtA hai| taMgabhadrA ke isa ghATa para loga nahAte haiN| 14. sUryanArAyaNa mandira-rAma mandira ke pAsa sUryanArAyaNa mandira hai jisameM devatA ke solaha hAtha dikhAe gae haiN| 15. yantroddhAra hanumAna mandira-rAma mandira ke kucha Upara isa mandira meM golAkAra yantra meM yantroddhAraka AMjaneya (hanumAna) kI mUrti hai| 16. anantazayana mandira-yaha hanumAna mandira ke pAsa hai| 17. acyutapeTa yA sUlai bAjAra-yahA~ eka bAz2Ara thA jisameM devadAsiyA~ rahA karatI thiiN| unase jo kara vasUla kiyA jAtA thA, usase do haz2Ara rakSakoM (pulisa karmiyoM) kA vetana nikala AtA thaa| aba yaha sUlai bAz2Ara ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| ___18. acyutarAya mandira-Age calakara yaha mandira hai jise acyutarAya ne banavAyA thA aura jo tiruveMgalanAtha mandira ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| yaha bhI mandira-samUha hai| gopuroM ke pAsa kA kalyANa-maNDapa dhvasta avasthA meM hai aura isI prakAra isakA UparI bhAga bhI dhvasta ho gayA hai| ____19. mAtaMga parvata-uparyukta mandira ke pAsa se mAtaMga parvata para jAne ke lie sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| Upara vIrabhadra kA mandira hai / vahA~ se cAroM ora kA dRzya sundara dikhAI detA hai| 20. varAha mandira-vApasa nadI kinAre kI ora lauTane para, eka bar3e dvAra se jAne para, varAha mandira hai| dvAra kI bAyIM ora kI dIvAla para varAha utkIrNa hai| yaha vijayanagara zAsakoM kA rAjakIya cihna rahA hai| 21. nadI kinAre kA jaina mandira-yaha U~cI caTTAna para sthita hai| isa para jAne ke lie sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| isakA prAMgaNa vizAla hai / zikhara sopAnabaddha hai aura dakSiNa bhAratIya zailI kA hai| sAmane eka U~cA stambha hai| kucha loga ise dIpa-stambha kahate haiN|
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________________ hampI / 83 I spaSTa jaina cihnoM ke abhAva meM yaha mandira vivAdAspada hai / kucha vidvAna ise vaiSNava mandira siddha karane kI ceSTA karate haiM / kintu prasiddha purAtattvajJa lAMgaharsTa ne ise apanI pustaka ke anta meM die gae nakze meM jaina mandira hI sUcita kiyA hai| isakI racanA - zailI (zikhara) ke AdhAra para ve ise jaina mandira svIkAra karane ke pakSa meM haiM / unakA yaha bhI vicAra hai ki isameM jo vaiSNava mUrtiyA~ Adi haiM ve saba garbhagRha ke bAhara haiM / usase bAhara inakA utkIrNana kisI samaya hotA thA yA kArIgaroM ko isakI anumati de dI jAtI thI / unhoMne dakSiNa kannar3a meM isa prakAra ke utkIrNana kA pramANa diyA hai / yadi paryaTaka cAhe to Aja bhI kArakala ke caumukhA jaina mandira ke bAhara kI dIvAla para rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA kI mUrtiyA~ khudI huI dekha sakatA hai / kerala meM puttaMgaDI nAmaka eka gA~va meM eka dhvasta jaina mandira hai / usakI bAharI dIvAla para viSNu ke dasa avatAra utkIrNa haiM / inameM RSabhadeva bhI haiM jinheM vaiSNava jana viSNu kA AThavA~ avatAra Aja bhI mAnate haiM (bhAgavatapurANa meM unakA vizada varNana hai ) / eka samaya thA jaba vaiSNava aura jaina bar3e sahayoga se rahate the / isI kAraNa mandiroM ke garbhagRhoM ke bAhara vaiSNava aMkana bhI karane diyA jAtA thA / svayaM hampI meM, haz2ArA rAma nAmaka rAmamandira ke bAhara kI dIvAloM para tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / zRMgerI ke vidyAzaMkara mandira kI bAharI dIvAloM para bhI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiM / Adhunika yuga ke prakhyAta purAtattvavid zrI zivarAmamUrti ne bhI apanI pustaka 'sAuthapenoramA oNpha jaina ArTa' meM isakA citra jaina mandira ke rUpa meM hI diyA hai / paryaTaka svayaM dekha sakate haiM ki isa mandira ke do stambhoM para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ jaisI haiM kintu unake hAtha Upara uThe hue haiN| isa prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ upadeza - mudrA meM upAdhyAya parameSThI kI batAI jAtI haiM / ataH ye upAdhyAya mUrtiyA~ ho sakatI haiN| isake sAmane kA U~cA stambha mAnastambha hI lagatA hai / mandira meM hAthiyoM, nartakoM, vAdakoM Adi kA sundara utkIrNana hai / isakI dIvAla qile jaisI hai / ahAtA bar3A hai / isI ke ahAte meM eka do maMz2ila stambhoM para AdhArita khulA maNDapa hai / kucha loga ise 'vyAsa-maNDapa' kahate haiM jahA~ zikSA dI jAtI thI / vAstava meM yaha utsava - maNDapa rahA hogA / 22. sugrIva kI guphA - jaina mandira se nIce utarane para sugrIva kI guphA batAI jAtI hai / yaha nadI ke kinAre para hai| kahA jAtA hai ki apane haraja ke samaya sItA ne jo AbhUSaNa Adi nIce pheMke the unheM sugrIva ne isI guphA meM rakhA thA / 23. patthara kA pula - guphA ke pAsa tuMgabhadrA nadI para patthara ke eka pula ke kucha stambha dikhAyI dete haiM / isakA nirmANa caudahavIM zatAbdI meM huA thA aura yaha AnegundI jAne ke kAma AtA thA / 24. tulAbhAra ( rAjA kI tulA, King's balance ) - kucha Age calane para do grenAiTI stambhoM va eka Ar3I kar3I (bIma) se banI 'rAjA kI tulA' dikhAI detI hai / rAjyAbhiSeka, dazaharA Adi avasaroM para yahA~ rAjA ko svarNa Adi se taulA jAtA thA aura dAna diyA jAtA thA / 25. rAya gopura - tulAbhAra se Age eka mahAdvAra hai jo ki zAyada adhUrA hI raha gayA / aba isakA dhvasta avasthA meM kucha bhAga hI zeSa hai /
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________________ 84 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) 26. viTThala mandira-hampI ke mandira-kSetra meM yaha mandira sabase AkarSaka aura darzanIya hai / zAyada ise devarAya dvitIya ne pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM banavAnA prArambha kiyA thaa| yaha mandira bhI adhUrA raha gyaa| isakA prAMgaNa vizAla hai| isakA kSetraphala 500 phITa x 300 phITa batAyA jAtA hai / isake tIna gopura aba dhvasta avasthA meM haiN| isakA zikhara bhI nahIM rhaa| yaha viTThala yA viSNu ko samarpita hai| isameM 23 zilAlekha batAye jAte haiN| isameM ardha-maNDapa yA khulA maNDapa, mahAmaNDapa aura garbhagRha hai| mahAmaNDapa meM 56 stambha hai| usameM sainiko, haMso aura azvoM kA sundara utkIrNana hai| dazAvatAra bhI utkIrga kiye gae haiN| kamala kA aMkana bhI darzanIya hai| isameM pradakSiNApatha bhI hai| mandira ke ahAte meM eka saMgIta-maNDapa yA raMgamaNDapa bhI hai| yaha bhI vizAla hai| isake lagabhaga 4 phITa ke choTe-choTe stambhoM ko u~galiyoM se ThapaThapAne para saMgItamaya dhvani nikalatI hai| kevala yahI eka vizeSatA paryaTaka ko Azcarya meM DAla detI hai| kalyANa-maNDapa nAmaka eka aura 62 phITa caur3A maNDapa hai| yaha U~cI caukI para hai| mora, totoM, devI-devatAoM Adi ke citra yA aMkana adbhuta kArIgarI ke namUne haiN| pASANa kA eka ratha bhI isa mandira ke prAMgaNa meM dekhane lAyaka hai| ise garur3a mandira kahate haiN| isake pahie ghUma sakate haiM aisA kahA jAtA hai| ___ viTThala mandira pahu~cane para tuMgabhadrA nadI ke kinAre ke hampI ke mandira-kSetra kI yAtrA samApta hotI hai| yahA~ se vAhana dvArA talArikaTTe hote hue kamalApura jAyA jA sakatA hai yA vApasa hampI bAz2Ara lauTakara apane vizrAma-sthala kI or| ___ AnegundI-yadi paryaTaka cAhe to viTThala mandira se Age kI sar3aka para talArikaTTe gA~va aura vahA~ se nAva meM tuMgabhadrA nadI pAra kara AnegundI pahu~ca sakatA hai| yahA~ bhI qile kI dIvAroM, mandiroM Adi ke avazeSa bikhare par3e haiN| yaha bhI eka samaya rAjadhAnI rahA hai / aba yaha eka gA~va hai| AnegundI meM bhI eka jaina mandira hai jo ki caudahavIM zatAbdI kA batAyA jAtA hai / yahIM eka caTTAna para kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| unake donoM ora ca~varadhArI aura bhaktajana haiN| tuMgabhadrA nadI kI dhArA meM eka zilA para caraNa aura saMbhavataH sallekhanA dRzya hai / yAtrA-krama : 2 ___ kamalApura gA~va kI sImA se bAhara kampilI (Kampili) sar3aka para purAtattva vibhAga kA kAryAlaya hai| usake sAmane kI sar3aka para sIdhe eka-do pharlAga kI dUrI para hampI kA prasiddha 'gAnigitti' jaina mandira hai / jahA~ kampilI 21 ki. mI. likhA hai vahIM yaha mandira hai| 1. gAnigitti jaina mandira-kannaDa meM gAnigitti kA artha hotA hai 'telin'| na jAne kisa kAraNa se yaha Ajakala telina kA mandira kahalAtA hai| DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina kA mata hai ki kisI telina ne isakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA hogaa| lekina isa bAta ko puSTa karane vAlA koI zilAlekha bhI to yahA~ nahIM hai / ataeva saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki jaba vijayanagara ujar3a gayA, taba jisake jI meM jo AyA vaha use apane adhikAra meM kara baitthaa| sambhava hai kisI telina ne isameM apanA aDDA jamA liyA ho| isa prakAra ke udAharaNa aihola meM bhI mile haiN| eka
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________________ hampI / 85 pAgala strI eka mandira meM rahane lagI thI, isalie vahA~ kA eka mandira hucimallI ( pAgala (strIkA) mandira kahalAtA hai / eka anya mandira meM lADakhA~ rahane lage the, isalie vaha lADakhA~ mandira ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / svayaM hampI bAz2Ara meM Aja bhI aneka parivAra prAcIna avazeSoM meM apanA ghara banA baiThe haiM / isa mandira ke sAmane tIsa-cAlIsa phITa U~cA eka mAnastambha hai jise kucha loga 'dIpastambha' kahate haiM (dIpastambha meM Upara se nIce taka dIpa bane hote haiM - sabhI ora) / aba isa mAnastambha para mUrti nahIM hai / isa stambha ke nIce jo zilAlekha hai usase jJAta hotA hai isakA nirmANa 1386 I. meM huA thA / lekha ke anusAra, vijayanagara ke rAjA harihara kA daNDAdhinAyaka mantrI caica thA / usakA putra iruga yA irugapa AcArya siMhanandi kA ziSya thA / sa bhI eka senApati thA / usI ne karNATa ke kuntala viSaya ( z2ile) meM 'cAruzilAmaya' kunthu jinanAtha kA yaha caityAlaya banavAyA thA / mandira ke prAMgaNa meM kannar3a meM eka zilAlekha aura bhI hai / mandira ke pravezadvAra para pASANa kA eka siradala hai / usa para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrti utkIrNa hai| tIrthaMkara chatratraya se yukta hai aura unake donoM ora ca~vara haiM / mandira ke sAmane ke bhAga kI chata samatala hai / usa para jo mu~Dera hai vaha IMTa aura masAle kI banI hai / usake tIna bar3e AloM meM bhagna avasthA meM tIna padmAsana mUrtiyA~ bhI pahacAnI jA sakatI haiM / sAmane ke maNDapa kI aba chata nahIM rhii| sabhAmaNDapa ke pravezadvAra kI caukhaTa para makara aura patrAvalI kI sundara nakkAzI hai / siradala para kamala utkIrNa hai| navaraMga maNDapa meM cAra moTe stambha haiM jina para nakkAzI kama hai| garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana meM mahAvIra virAjamAna haiN| unase Upara bhI padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrti hai| garbhagRha meM aba koI mUrti nahIM hai / mandira uttarAbhimukhI hai / sAtha hI, eka choTA garbhagRha bhI hai jo pUrvAbhimukhI hai / mandira kA nirmANa moTI-moTI lambI zilAoM se kiyA gayA hai / zilAoM kI kula tIna paMktiyoM meM chata A jAtI hai / mandira kA zikhara sopAnabaddha hai, Upara vaha Drama - jaisA ho gayA hai / zikhara kI U~cAI 10-12 phITa hogI / mandira kA ahAtA bar3A hai / bIte samaya ko dekhate hue mandira acchI hAlata meM hai aura isa samaya bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai / gAnigitti mandira ke pAsa hI 'bhIma dvAra' hai / yaha vijayanagara meM praveza kA eka pramukha dvAra rahA hogA / jaina mandira se sAmane eka pahAr3I dikhAI detI hai jo ki 'mAlyavaMta parvata' ke nAma se mazahUra hai / batAyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ zrI rAmacandra ne kucha dinoM nivAsa kiyA thA / yahIM eka raghunAtha mandira bhI hai| kamalApura ke pUrva meM bhI eka bahuta bar3A mandira hai / yaha 'paTTAbhirAma mandira' kahalAtA / aba usameM mUrti nahIM hai / isameM bhI eka kalyANa maNDapa hai / 2. saMgrahAlaya - gAnigitti mandira se purAtattva vibhAga ke kAryAlaya vApasa lauTanA cAhie / Trevalarsa baMgalA ke sAmane se jo sar3aka hampI paoNvara hAusa kI ora jAtI hai usa para eka-do pharlAMga kI dUrI para purAtattva vibhAga kA eka sundara saMgrahAlaya hai / isake haoNla meM aura
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________________ 86 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) khule prAMgaNa meM aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ Adi haiN| haoNla meM eka tIrthaMkara mUrti padmAsana meM hai, do varadhArI AsapAsa haiM jo ki sira se Upara chatratraya taka khar3e dikhAye gae haiM / kAyotsarga mudrA meM pA~ca phaNoM se yukta supArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke Upara bhI (paNoM ke Upara) padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiM / do-tIna nAgaphalaka bhI yahA~ haiM / yahA~ eka 'thAlI - zilA' hai jisameM kaToriyA~ na haiN| khule prAMgaNa meM mukhya rUpa se bAhubalI kI khaNDita mUrti, kamala meM caraNa aura eka zilA meM do jor3I caraNa Adi hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karate haiM / saMgrahAlaya ke tInoM ora Dhera sArI mUrtiyA~ haiM / usake bhaNDAra meM bhI mUrtiyoM kA eka bar3A saMgraha hai| aura aba hampI ke mahala kSetra kI ora / kamalApura ke pulisa sTezana aura sArvajanika nirmANa vibhAga ke nirIkSaNa baMgalA ke sAmane eka stambha para likhA hai- hampI 4 ki. mI. / vahIM 'Welcome Hampi Pampa Kshetra' kA borDa lagA hai / yahIM se mahala kSetra kA paryaTana prArambha hotA hai / isa yAtrA meM sabase pahale candrazekhara mandira AtA hai / isa mandira se bhI eka pagaDaNDI gAnigitti mandira kI ora jAtI hai / candrazekhara mandira se thor3I-sI dUrI para aSTakoNa snAnAgAra ( Octagonal bath ) hai / yaha dhvasta avasthA meM hai / uparyukta snAnAgAra se vApasa lauTane para 'candrazekhara mandira' ke pAsa eka caukora 'jalazikhara' (Water tower) hai / sambhavata: yahA~ se vijayanagara ke lie jala kI pUrti kI jAtI ho / 3. rAnI snAnAgAra - zikhara ke bAda hama 'rAnI snAnAgAra' ( Queen's bath) pahu~cate haiM / yaha snAnAgAra yA 'svImiMga pUla' 50 phITa lambA aura 6 phITa gaharA hai / isameM sajAvaTapUrNa galiyAre aura chajje haiN| bAhara se yaha rAjasthAnI havelI jaisA dikhAI detA hai / 4. patthara kI nahareM - snAnAgAra taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate paryaTaka ko qile kI dIvAroM ke avazeSa dikhAI dete haiM / Azcarya hotA hai ki lagabhaga tIna phITa moTI aura cAra phITa U~cI lambI-lambI zilAoM ko kisa prakAra yahA~ lAyA aura jamAyA gayA hogA / kabhI-kabhI aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki zAyada binA masAle ke hI inheM eka-dUsare para raca diyA gayA thA / phira usase bhI adhika iMjIniyariMga kI sUcaka haiM patthara kI nahareM aura 'bahate jharane' / ye nahareM AvazyakatAnusAra pASANa-stambhoM ke Upara se le jAI gaI haiM / vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke yuga isa zahara meM ina naharoM kA jAla bichA thaa| unase peya pAnI, siMcAI kA pAnI, snAnAgAroM kA pAnI Adi prApta hotA thA / hosapeTa se kamalApura ke rAste meM aba bhI aisI nahareM dikhAI de jAtI haiM / kamalApura se pahale eka tAlAba hai / usameM bhI ina naharoM se pAnI pahu~cAyA gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ cAvala, gannA aura anya prakAra kI hariyAlI yA upaja aba bhI hotI hai / usa yuga meM nIbU aura saMtaroM kA bhI utpAdana khUba hotA thA / 5. khudAI sthala - purAtattva vibhAga kI ora se isa sthAna ke pAsa khudAI kI jA rahI hai / abhI kucha hI samaya pUrva, yahA~ eka bAvar3I nikalI thI jisameM sundara kalAkArI yukta sIr3hiyA~ nikalI haiM / khudAI kAphI vistRta kSetra meM ho rahI hai / mahAnavamI DibbA tathA mahala kSetra ke pAsa jo khudAI ho rahI hai usameM bahuta prAcIna avazeSa prApta hue haiN| dUsarI zatAbdI I. kA eka
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________________ hampI | 87 brAhmI zilAlekha milA hai| cAlukya zAsakoM kA 1076 I. kA eka aura zilAlekha bhI prApta huA hai| yahA~ eka bhUmigata kakSa bhI prakAza meM AyA hai jisase anumAna hai ki yahA~ cAluvayakAlIna koI sAMdhAra (pradakSiNApatha yukta) mandira thaa| purAtattvavidoM kA yaha anumAna ki cAlukya rAjAoM kA mahala isa jagaha thA, isa khudAI se g2alata siddha ho gayA hai| jahA~ rAjadarabAra lagatA thA usake dakSiNa meM bhI vijayanagara-sAmrAjya se pahale ke avazeSa mile haiN| inameM eka susajjita caukI (adhiSThAna) para eka mandira thA jisake eka maNDapa meM 60 stambha the aura dUsare maNDapa meM 100 stambha / lekhaka kI isa kSetra kI yAtrA ke bAda samAcAra prakAzita huA hai ki khudAI meM do prAcIna jaina mandira prakAza meM Ae haiN| isa prakAra hama yaha dekhate haiM ki hampI meM jaina mandiroM kI saMkhyA kAphI adhika thii| unakI saMkhyA yA pratizata bhI bahuta dhika rahA hogaa| nizcita hI yaha kSetra vijayanagara rAjadhAnI kI sthApanA se pahale hI eka prasiddha prAcIna jaina kendra rahA hogaa| 6. mahAnavamI DibbA yA dazaharA DibbA yA rAjasiMhAsana maMca (throne platform) yA vijaya-sadana (House of Victory)-yaha pASANa nirmita eka vizAla maMca hai jise kRSNadeva rAya ne apanI ur3IsA-vijaya ke upalakSya meM banavAyA thaa| yahA~ dazaharA utsava manAyA jAtA thA aura, eka videzI yAtrI ke anusAra, rAjA apanA vaibhava dekhA karatA thaa| usa samaya Aja ke rAjya kI gaNatantra divasa jaisI pareDa isake sAmane huA karatI thii| yaha maMca 15 phITa caur3A, 65 phITa lambA aura karIba 40 phITa U~cA hai| isa maMca para kalAtmaka stambha the aura aneka tala ke maNDapa the jo AkramaNakAriyoM dvArA naSTa kara diye ge| isa maMca kI dIvAloM para nakkAzI dhyAna se dekhane yogya hai| pUrva dizA kI dIvAla para hAthI, U~Ta, ghor3oM, nartakiyoM, holI kA dRzya Adi kalAkArI ke sundara namUne haiN| inake bAre meM purAtattvavid lAMgaharTa ne likhA hai, "There is pronounced Jaina style about all these older bas-reliefs." isI ke pAsa 1883 I. meM svela (Swell) ko eka zilAlekha milA thA jisameM jainAcArya maladhArIdeva ke maraNa kA vRttAnta hai| ye AcArya zravaNabelagola ke malliSeNa maladhArIdeva (1129 I.) ke rUpa meM pahacAne gae haiN| yahA~ haMsa aura magaramacchoM kA jo utkIrNana hai, usake bAre meM bhI lAMgaharTa kA mata hai ki yaha zailI yA isa prakAra kI nakkAzI, jaina aura bauddhoM ke anurUpa "a favourite design of the early Jain's and Buddhists" hai| (isa kSetra meM (hampI meM) eka bhI bauddha avazeSa prApta nahIM hone se yahA~ bauddha prabhAva kA to koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa|) isI maMca kI pUrvI dIvAla ke pAsa eka kakSa hai| usakI dIvAla para do videzI rAjadUtoM (eka cInI aura eka arabI) kA aMkana hai| inheM bhI dhyAna se dekhanA caahie| yahIM eka hI patthara kA aisA daravAz2A hai jo hara bAta meM lakar3I kA daravAz2A mAlUma par3atA hai| utkIrNana meM AdamI kI zera se lar3AI, zikAra ke dRzya aura rAjA ke azva pradarzita haiN| nartakiyoM aura strI-saMgItakAroM Adi ko dekhakara bhI lAMgahararTa ne likhA hai, "Perhaps, nowhere is the Jaina influence more marked than in the bas-reliefs." yahA~ sainikoM Adi kI keza-vinyAsa zailI bhI dhyAna dene lAyaka hai| unake bAla lambe hote the aura ve coTI gUMthate the| inheM dekhakara bhI lAMgaharTa ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai, "The
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________________ 88 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) warriors who represent nobles or captains and the king are portrayed wearing their hair in the Jaina style." - 7. rAjamahala aura rAjadarabAra-mahAnavamI DibbA ke pAsa hI vijayanagara rAjAoM ke mahala kI grenAiTa patthara ko caukI batAI jAtI hai jisa para hAthI, azvoM aura nartakoM kA sundara aMkana hai| kintu hAla kI khudAI ke kAraNa saMzaya utpanna ho gayA hai ki rAjamahala isI sthAna para thaa| isI ke pAsa eka bhUmigata kakSa hai jo ki hare pASANa se nirmita hai| yaha kisa kAma AtA thA spaSTa nahIM hai / kucha loga ise eka maMdira mAnate haiN| rAjadarabAra mahAnavamI DibbA ke pazcima meM sthita hai| aba vahA~ koI bhavana nahIM hai kevala caukI bacI hai| anumAna hai ki isameM eka sau stambha rahe hoNge| unake khA~ce aba bhI dekhe jA sakate haiM jo ki eka paMkti meM dasa ke hisAba se haiM / araba yAtrI abdurrajAqa ke anusAra, yaha sabase U~cA bhavana thaa| 8. hajArA-rAma mandira (bhavya, darzanIya evaM kalApUrNa)-yaha eka vaiSNava mandira hai / zrI rAmacandra ke rUpa meM yahA~ viSNu kI pratiSThA hai kintu zaiva mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| isa mandira meM rAjagharAne ke loga pUjana kiyA karate the / yaha 200 phITa lambA aura 110 phITa caur3A hai| isake prAMgaNa ke AsapAsa 24 phITa U~cI dIvAla hai tAki ekAnta meM rAjapuruSa ArAdhanA kara skeN| isakA zikhara 50 phITa U~cA hai| isameM sundara camakIle raMgoM meM citrakArI hai| isakA nAma hajArA-rAma par3ane kA eka kAraNa yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki isameM rAma ke haz2AroM citra haiN| isake stambha kAle pASANa ke camakadAra paoNliza ke haiN| mandira meM garbhagRha, navaraMga, zukanAsI aura kalyANa maNDapa haiN| isake ardhamaNDapa meM rAmAyaNa ke dRzyoM kA sundara utko rgana hai| stambhoM para gaNeza, mahiSAsuramardinI, hanumAna aura 'viSNu ke dasa avatAra' aMkita haiN| isameM itane citra haiM ki ise 'citra gailarI' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakA zikhara dakSiNa bhAratIya zailI kA hai|| rAma-mandira meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~-uparyukta mandira meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ bhI utkIrNa haiM / unameM eka hai garbhagRha ke pIche kI dIvAla para / 10 iMca kI isa padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti ke Upara zikhara jaisA banA hai| yaha mUrti pIche ke A~gana se dikhAI detI hai| yahA~ eka nakkAzIdAra stambha bhI hai| dUsarI mUrti pravezadvAra se dAhinI tarapha kI dIvAla para utkIrNa hai| zeSa aMkana Upara kahI gaI mUrti kI hI taraha hai / mUrti padmAsana mudrA meM hai| yaha mandira vizAla hai, acchI hAlata meM hai aura avazya hI dhyAna se dekhane lAyaka hai| isake pIche ammana-mandira yA devI-mandira bhI hai| rAma-mandira kI dAhinI ora, sar3aka ke kinAre eka dRzya-sthala (view point) banA hai jahA~ se vijayanagara ke avazeSa dekhe jA sakate haiN| 9. bhUmigata mandira-pAsa hI meM eka mandira hai jo ki jamIna ke andara hai| usakA gopura do maMz2ila kA hai| usakA UparI bhAga dhvasta ho gayA hai / pUrA mandira hI dhvasta avasthA meM hai| usameM pAnI bharA rahatA hai| kahate haiM ki usameM eka nahara hai / usake mahAmaNDapa kI chata se
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________________ 24. hampI-hemakUTam : mandiroM kI paMkti ; pandrahavIM zatI ke Asa-pAsa / 25. cippagiri-jaina basadi : parvata para sthita basadi kA bAhya dRzya /
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________________ 28. harapanahallI-hosa basadi : bhagavAna bAhubalI; lagabhaga bArahavIM shtii| 29. ujjainI-zaivoM dvArA adhikRta jaina basadi : chata kA dRzya ; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii|
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________________ hampI / 89 lagakara 'dIpa yA dhvaja (?) stambha' jaisI racanA hai / sambhavataH yaha mAnastambha ho / zrI deva - kuMjAri ke anusAra, isake stambhoM kI nirmiti gAnigitti jaina mandira ke stambhoM kI bhA~ti hai / yaha prAcIna mandira hai / isake stambhoM para sarpoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI huI haiM / tulanA ke lie, vicAra kareM / kerala ke vAyanADa jile ke sultAna battArI ( Sultan Battery) nAmaka sthAna ke vizAla dhvasta jaina mandira ke stambhoM para bhI sarpa kI AkRtiyA~ haiM / 10. sisTara bolDarsa - isa mandira se sar3aka mArga hampI bAz2Ara kI ora jAtA hai / thor3I dUra para do prAkRtika caTTAnoM se eka meharAva jaisI bana gaI hai| isalie inheM 'sisTara bolDarsa' ( akkA taThAgiguNDu ) kahA jAtA hai / ina caTTAnoM se Age ke smArakoM kA varNana yAtrA krama 1 meM A cukA hai / aba vApasa calie rAma mandira kI or| rAste meM 'daNDanAyaka kA ahAtA' aura 'TakasAla' haiM / rAmamandira ke lagabhaga sAmane U~cI dIvAloM se ghirA eka ahAtA hai jise ranivAsa (Zanana Enclosure) kahA jAtA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ mahaloM meM rAniyA~ rahA karatI thIM / aba yahA~ kevala caukI hI dikhAI par3atI haiM, mahala nahIM, Age bar3hane para paryaTana vibhAga kenTIna hai / 11. kamala-mahala (Lotus- Mahal) (sthAnIya logoM kI bhASA meM citrAgni- mahala ) - yaha eka bar3e ahAte meM hai| yaha eka do maMjila vAlA khulA maNDapa hai / Upara jAne ke lie eka sa~karA jInA hai jo ki bAda meM banAyA gayA jAna par3atA hai / ise kamala - mahala kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isakI racanA kamala ke AkAra kI hai| isameM lakar3I kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yaha hindU aura muslima nirmANa kalA kA eka acchA namUnA mAnA jAtA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki isakA upayoga rAnI dvArA baiThakoM Adi ke lie kiyA jAtA thA / hajArA- rAma mandira se uttara ke kSetra ko bAz2Ara kSetra batAyA jAtA hai / isameM kucha avazeSa aise haiM jo vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA se pahale ke jAna par3ate haiM / rAma-mandira aura ranivAsa ke kSetra meM eka-do choTe-choTe mandira bhI haiN| inameM 'yelammA' kA mandira bhI hai jisameM kuruba jAti ke loga aba bhI pUjana karate haiM / yaha bhI vijayanagara kI sthApanA se pahale kA batAyA jAtA hai / 12. gajazAlA (Elephant Stables ) - yaha eka U~cA guMbadadAra bhavana hai aura aba bhI acchI hAlata meM hai / isameM gyAraha mukhya hAthiyoM ke lie alaga-alaga jagaha banI huI haiN| isakI guMbadoM meM bhI vibhinnatA hai / inameM citrakArI bhI hai| hAthiyoM ko bA~dhane kA koI nizAna nahIM hone ke kAraNa kucha vidvAna ise gajazAlA nahIM mAnate / kintu araba yAtrI abdurrajAqa ke anusAra, hAthI chata se laTakI jaMjIroM se bA~dhe jAte the / inameM prakAza kI bhI acchI vyavasthA hai / 13. pAna-supArI bAz2Ara ke do jaina mandira - gajazAlA ke pIche do dhvasta jaina mandira haiN| donoM hI khetoM meM A gae haiN| unake lie rAstA 'kamala - mahala' kI ora se hai / yahA~, ziva mandira ke pAsa, eka dhvasta jaina mandira hai / usake siradala para eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti utkIrNa hai jisameM darAra par3a gaI hai / mandira kI chata bhI aba zeSa nahIM rahI / uparyukta mandira ke sAmane eka aura vizAla dhvasta jaina mandira hai / yaha lagabhaga tIsa
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________________ 90 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) phITa caur3A aura assI phITa lambA hogaa| isameM pravezadvAra kama U~cA hai| usake siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara haiM aura una para tIna chatra haiM / agramaNDapa yA barAmadA pAra karane ke bAda jo pravezadvAra AtA hai usake siradala para bhI padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para bhI padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura ca~vara kA aMkana hai| garbhagRha se pahale kA maNDapa vizAla hai aura usameM gola tathA caukora stambha hai / garbhagRha kI dIvAleM bhI lambe aura caukora pASANoM se banAI gaI haiN| zrI devakuMjAri kA mata hai ki, "Stylistically, the temple resembles the group on Hemakutam hill." arthAt isakI zailI hemakUTa ke mandiroM jaisI hai| uttara-pazcimAbhimukhI isa mandira meM 1426 I. kA eka saMskRta zilAlekha hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'karnATa deza meM vijayanagara nagarI apane mahaloM ke lie prasiddha hai / usake zAsaka isa prakAra prasiddha haiM-zakti meM bukka, dAna meM harihara, zaurya meM devarAja, jJAna meM vijayabhUpati aura vidyAvinaya meM devraaj| isI devarAja dvitIya ne 1426 meM 'parNapUgIphalApaNa' (pAnasupArI bAz2Ara) meM muktivadhU ke priya bhartAra pArzvanAtha jinezvara kA, bhavya paritoSa ke lie, dharmakIrti ke lie akhila dharmasetu zilAmaya caityAlaya bnvaayaa|' prasaMgavaza yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki vijayanagara ke isI rAjA devarAja dvitIya ne 1424 I. meM varAMga ke neminAtha mandira ke lie varAMga gA~va dAna meM diyA thA, yaha bAta vahA~ ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotI hai| uparyukta mandiroM ke sAtha hampI (vijayanagara) kI yAtrA samApta hotI hai / paryaTaka ko kamalApura yA bhUmigata mandira ke pAsa kI sar3aka se rAjacandra Azrama yA apane sthAna lauTakara vApasa gadaga kI ora prasthAna karanA caahie| ballArI jile ke anya jaina-sthala ___ uparyukta jilA bhI jaina dharma kA anuyAyI rahA hai / yahA~ jina sthAnoM para jaina avazeSa yA jaina mandira haiM, unakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra haicippagiri (Chippagiri) ballArI jile meM hI cippagiri nAmaka sthAna para eka pahAr3I para vizAla jaina mandira hai (dekheM citra kra. 25) / atrait (Bagali) bAgalI nAmaka isa sthAna para eka dhvasta jaina basadi 11vIM zatAbdI kI hai jisa para isa samaya zaiva logoM kA adhikAra hai| usake garbhagRha ke dvAra ke siradala para eka choTe Ale meM padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrti utkIrNa hai| zukanAsI meM bhI tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiN| sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya meM khaNDita pArzvanAtha aura dharaNendra Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiM (dekheM citra kramAMka 26) /
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________________ hubalI | 91 harapanahallI (Harpanhalli) ___ harapanahallI meM hosa basadi (nayA mandira) aura koTa basadi nAmaka do jaina mandira haiM / hosa basadi meM kucha AkarSaka evaM prAcIna jaina pratimAe~ Adi haiN| yahA~ eka hI phalaka para caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke caraNa haiN| yaha nirmiti 18vIM zatAbdI kI hai| aisA aMkana anyatra nahIM pAyA jaataa| 17vIM zatAbdI kI lagabhaga sAr3he-tIna phuTa U~cI padmAsana pArzvanAtha pratimA para nau phaNa isa prakAra bane haiM ki ve aThAraha mAlUma par3ate haiN| eka anya phalaka para sAta phaNI nAga isa prakAra guthA hai ki eka AkarSaka AkRti banatI hai (dekheM citra kra. 27) / yahA~ dasavIM sadI kI neminAtha kI evaM bArahavIM sadI kI bAhubalI (citra kra. 28) kI kAMsya pratimAe~ bhI haiN| ___ isI nagara kI koTa basadi meM bhI gyArahavIM sadI se lekara satrahavIM sadI taka kI prAcIna mUrtiyA~ haiM / cAra sundara caubIsI bhI isa jinAlaya meM haiM, jinake mUlanAyaka ajitanAtha (?), tathA mahAvIra, zAntinAtha evaM anya eka tIrthaMkara haiN| dharaNendra kI bhI do-eka sundara mUrtiyA~ yahA~ sthApita haiN| kogali (Kogali) yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi isa samaya dhvasta avasthA meM hai| isakA nirmANa-kAla pA~cavIM yA chaThI zatAbdI hai| mandAraguTTi (Mandargutti) yahA~ dasavIM sadI kI eka kAyotsarga pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai jisa para sAta phaNoM chAyA hai| yahIM padmAsana meM pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti caudahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| ujjainI (Ujjaini) ujjainI yA ujjima (Ujjim) nAmaka sthAna para gyArahavIM sadI kI eka jaina basadi (citra kra. 29) para isa samaya zaiva logoM kA adhikAra hai| smaraNa rahe, isI jile meM prAkRta bhASA meM azoka ke zilAlekha prApta hue haiM jinase isa pradeza para maurya zAsakoM kA zAsana siddha hotA hai| mAnyatA hai ki isa vaMza ke mUla saMsthApaka samrATa candragupta maurya the| ............ hubalI avasthiti evaM mArga hampI se hubalI pahu~cane ke lie mArga isa prakAra hai : hampI-hosapeTa-koppala-lakkuNDi -gadaga-(vahA~ se 34 ki.mI.) hubalI (Hubli) / pUnA-baMgalora rAjamArga para sthita yaha nagara dhAravAr3a se kevala 21 ki.mI. dUra hai / belagA~va
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________________ 92 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) se yaha 92 ki.mI. dUra hai| sar3aka aura rela yAtAyAta kA yaha eka pramukha kendra hai| yahA~ kA basa sTaiNDa suvidhAjanaka aura sabhI pramukha sthAnoM kI basoM ke lie eka acchA kendra hai| relave sTezana se basa sTaiNDa kI dUrI lagabhaga 2 ki.mI. hai| bambaI-pUnA-baMgalora relave lAina para yaha mITarageja kA eka bar3A jaMkzana hai / goA yA belagA~va se bhI yahA~ rela dvArA pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| donoM hI sthAnoM kI gAr3iyA~ loMr3hA aura dhAravAr3a hote hue yahA~ pahu~catI haiN| dhAravAr3a se bhI yahA~ sAta-ATha lokala gAr3iyA~ AtI haiN| Andhrapradeza ke pramukha jaMkzana guMtakala (259 ki.mI.) se bhI yaha sIdhI mITarageja rela-sevA dvArA jur3A huA hai| solApura-bIjApura-bAgalakoTa-gadaga-hubalI-relamArga (kula 353 ki.mI.) bhI ise solApura aura baMgalora se jor3atA hai| belagA~va (dhAravAr3a hokara) yA goA (dhAravAr3a hokara) se sIdhe hI yahA~ pahu~cane se darzanIya, prAcIna kalAkendra aihola, paTTadakala, bAdAmI aura hampI tathA lakkuNDi chUTa jAte haiM isalie ina sthAnoM kI yAtrA karane ke bAda yahA~ pahu~canA ucita hai / cU~ki hubalI acchA zahara hai, isalie yaha aura bhI acchA hogA ki paryaTaka ise apanA kendra banAe~ aura yahA~ se 21 ki.mI. dUra sthita dhAravAr3a ko dekhakara yahIM vApasa A jAe~ (AvAgamana kI bahuta acchI suvidhA hai), kyoMki hubalI se hI use lakSmezvara-baMkApura hote hue dakSiNa karnATaka kI yA joga-jharanoM kI yAtrA karanI hai| hubalI eka bar3A vyApArika kendra -vizeSakara sUtI-vastra aura bIr3I udyoga se sambandhita hai| prAcInatA kI dRSTi se yaha nagara gyArahavIM sadI kA jAna par3atA hai| isakA purAnA nAma pUrvadavallI (Purvadvalli-purAnA gA~va), pUrvalli (Purballi), purvalli (Purvalli) yA pUrvadallI(Purvadalli)-purAnA gA~va, tathA pubballi (Pubballi) thA / kAlAntara meM yahI hubalI (Hubli) yA hubbalI ho gyaa| jaina mandira vartamAna meM hubalI ke do bhAga haiM-1. hosa hubalI (nayI hubalI) aura 2. hale hubalI (purAnI hubalI) jise sthAnIya janatA 'rAyara hubalI' bhI kahatI hai / donoM hI meM jaina mandira haiN| anantanAtha mandira-purAnI hubalI meM eka qilA hai| usameM tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kA eka prAcIna devAlaya hai| yahA~ brahmadeva kI mUrti ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha mandira 12vIM zatAbdI meM banA thA / brahmadeva kI mUrti mahAdevI nAmaka kisI zrAvikA ne banavAI thii| yahA~ yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya rahate the| uparyukta basadi meM eka ghaNTA hai| usa para lekha hai ki yaha ghaNTA kisI anya TUTe ghaNTe se banAyA gayA thA jo ki isa mandira meM pichale 1100 varSoM se thaa| mandira meM dasavIM se solahavIM sadI taka kI pratimAe~ haiM / lagabhaga do phuTa kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti para chatratrayI, sAta phaNa, mastaka ke donoM ora ca~vara tathA jaMghAoM taka khar3e dharaNendra aura padmAvatI haiM (dekheM citra kra. 30) / cha: phITa U~cI eka caubIsI hai jisake
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________________ hubalI | 93 mUlanAyaka caudahaveM tIrthakara anantanAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiN| unake Asa-pAsa kI cApa para anya 23 tIrthakara haiM / chatra kevala eka hI hai aura mastaka ke donoM ora kevala ca~vara kA aMkana hai| yakSayakSI bhI phalaka para AsIna dikhAe gae haiN| lalitAsana meM padmAvatI aura ambikA (kAlammA ?) (dekheM citra kra. 31) tathA tribhaMga mudrA meM brahmayakSa kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| deva ghor3e para savAra haiN| mandira meM lakar3I kA pravezadvAra satrahavIM sadI kA hai| usa para uttama nakkAzI hai| purAnI habalI meM eka 'pArzvanAtha mandira' bhI hai| nayI hubalI meM tIna digambara jaina mandira haiN| inake atirikta boDiMga hAusa kA mandira bhI hai / mArga isa prakAra hai-relave sdezana se sTezana roDa para lagabhaga eka ki.mI. dUra jaina boDiga hAusa hai| usake pAsa se hI mUrusavira (Moorusavir) maTha ke lie sar3aka jAtI hai| isa maTha kA praveza-dvAra lagabhaga 50 phuTa U~cA hai| usakI ghar3I dUra se hI dikhAI detI hai| isa maTha se bAIM ora kA mArga 'bogAragallI' jAtA hai| yaha gallI Ajakala 'mahAvIra gallI' kahalAtI hai| isameM adhikAMza jaina parivAra nivAsa karate haiM aura baratanoM kI adhikAMza dukAneM jainoM kI haiN| hubalI meM lagabhaga 500 jaina parivAra haiM / isI galI meM yaha mandira sthita hai| ____ bogAragallI meM eka tarapha candraprabha mandira aura AdinAtha mandira haiM tathA dUsarI tarapha zAntinAtha mandira hai| candraprabha mandira--yaha mandira maTha ke bilakula pAsa sar3aka para hI hai| yaha eka-maMjila hai| zikhara sAdhAraNa aura gola hai| isakA maNDapa bhI choTA hai| pravezadvAra para gajalakSmI kA sundara aMkana hai| yahA~ pItala kI Der3ha phuTa U~cI pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| usakI prabhAvalI bahuta hI sundara hai| isI prakAra caubIsI aura nandIzvara bhI pItala ke haiM / bAhubalI kI bhavya pratimA bhI isI dhAtu kI banI huI hai| AdinAtha mandira-uparyukta mandira se.Age 'AdinAtha mandira' hai / yaha makAnoM ke sAtha lagA huA hai aura isakA koI ahAtA bhI nahIM hai| isalie pUcha lenA caahie| isa para zikhara bhI nahIM hai| yaha mandira 300 varSa purAnA batAyA jAtA hai| isameM kAle pASANa kI tIna phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI bhavya pratimA hai| usa para chatratrayI hai aura yakSayakSI bhI aMkita haiM / phalaka pItala kA hai aura usa para kIrtimukha hai / zveta pASANa kI, padmAsana meM, neminAtha aura candraprabha kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| pArzvanAtha kI kAle pASANa kI bhI eka mUrti hai| eka caubIsI bhI yahA~ hai jisake mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha haiN| mandira kI chata lakar3I kI hai| lakar3I ke aneka stambha bhI haiN| AdinAtha mandira ke pIche bhI ajitanAtha jaina zvetAmbara mandira hai jisameM cA~dI kI bar3Ibar3I pratimAe~ haiN| usakI chata para bhI sundara aMkana hai| isI ke pAsa ka~canAragallI nAmaka choTIsI galI meM zrI marudhara zvetAmbara saMgha (mAravAr3I) kA zrI zAntinAtha jinAlaya bhI hai jisakI nakkAzI, stambhoM para citrakArI, paurANika dRzya Adi dekhane lAyaka haiN| zAntinAtha mandira-uparyukta mandiroM ke sAmane kI paMkti meM hI tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandira hai| yaha lagabhaga 500 varSa purAnA hai| yaha bhI, mena roDa para hI, makAnoM kI paMkti meM hai aura usake sAmane baratanoM kI do-tIna dUkAneM haiN| usa para tIna zikhara dikhAI
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________________ 94 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) dete haiN| isa mandira meM dasavIM zatAbdI se lekara solahavIM zatAbdI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / gyArahavIM sadI kI pA~ca phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mRti zAntinAtha kI hai| usa para chatratrayI aura makaratoraNa haiN| yakSa-yakSI bhI Asana para aMkita haiM / zAntinAtha kI yaha mUrti kAle pASANa kI hai aura vaha kendrIya garbhagRha meM virAjamAna hai| garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthakara mUrti utkIrNa hai| usake Upara bhI kAyotsarga mudrA meM evaM padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiM / garbhagRha meM praveza ke lie candrazilA hai| usake dvAra ko cokhaTo para nara-nArI (zAyada bhakta) aura yakSa kA akana hai| eka nAgaphalaka bhI hai / bAe~ kAyotsarga evaM padmAsana meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / neminAtha kI dasavIM sadI kI pratimA ardhapadmAsana meM hai| do-tIna anya tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ bhI haiM jo dasavIM gyArahavIM aura pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI haiN| uparyukta mandira meM paMca bAlayati (arthAt ve pA~ca tIrthakara jinakA vivAha nahIM huA thA) kI manojJa pratimAe~ eka hI phalaka para haiN| isakA samaya 12vIM sadI anumAnita hai| ye tI kAyotsarga madrA meM haiN| bIca kI pratimA baDI hai| zeSa tIrthaMkara usake kandhoM taka haiN| mastaka ke donoM ora ca~vara evaM latAe~ haiM / yahA~ pArzvanAtha kI 16vIM sadI kI, aura isI sadI kI lalitAsana meM padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| mandira ke bhItara pASANa-stambhoM se yukta eka khulA maNDapa hai| usake agale do choroM para do devakulikAe~ haiM jinameM pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiN| isa kAraNa yahA~ tIna zikhara dikhAI par3ate haiN| candraprabha mandira-digambara jaina boDiMga meM candraprabha mandira hai| usameM candraprabha ke atirikta pArzvanAtha kI pItala kI do kAyotsarga pratimAe~ bhI haiN| hare pASANa kI bhI eka tIrthaMkara mUrti hai| padmAvatI kI bhI do pratimAe~ hai / mandira choTA hai| hubalI relave-sTezana se yaha borDiMga lagabhaga eka kilomITara hai aura basa-sTaiNDa se lagabhaga do kilomITara / yaha sTezana-roDa para avasthita hai| isameM kaoNleja ke chAtra rahate haiM kintu sthAna hone para yAtriyoM ko bhI ThaharA liyA jAtA hai| yAtriyoM ke lie yahA~ eka kamarA aura eka haoNla hai| borDiMga hAusa dakSiNa bhArata jaina sabhA, sAMgalI ke adhIna hai| isI ke sAtha hI bAz2Ara kSetra saMsthAe~ yahA~ kI anya saMsthAe~ haiM--mahAvIra TrasTa kA hAI skUla, mahAvIra ejyukezana sosAiTI kA AI. TI. AI., tathA vardhamAna sahakArI baiMka / . yaha bhI sUcanA hai ki yahA~ ke zAntinAtha jaina TrasTa dvArA eka dharmazAlA kA nirmANa kiyA jaaegaa| philahAla boDiMga hAusa meM Thaharane kI jagaha mila sakane kI hI sambhAva (mukhya sar3aka para boDiMga kA borDa lagA hai| boDiMga kucha andara kI tarapha hai) anyathA sTezana ke bAhara sTezana roDa para acche hoTala bhI haiN| sTezana para bhI riTAyariMga rUma upalabdha haiN| karnATaka meM hubalI taka to hindI aura marAThI se kAma cala jAtA hai| Age kannar3a kA adhika pracAra hai kintu hindI samajhane aura bolane vAle mila jAte haiN|
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________________ dhAravAr3a / 95 vizeSa sUcanA hubalI ko kendra banAkara aba 29 ki. mI. dUra dhAravAr3a, aura samaya ho to, 'amInabAvi' kI yAtrA AsAnI se kI jA sakatI hai| karnATaka ke agale yAtrA-krama meM hubalI vApasa lauTanA Avazyaka hai| joga jharanoM aura atizaya kSetra humacA ke lie hubalI se sirasI pahu~canA hotA hai| sirasI yA sAgara ke lie hubalI se bhI bambaI Adi dUra ke sthAnoM se Ane vAlI eksapresa basoM meM kabhI-kabhI jagaha mila jAtI hai| sirasI ke lie do mArga haiN| eka, kalaghaTagI aura yellApura hote hue (dUrI 191 ki.mI.) / dUsarA, hubalI se kuNDagola, lakSmezvara (80 ki.mI.), vahA~ se baMkApura (36 ki. mI.) tathA hanagala aura AtUra (jaMgala bharA rAstA) hote hue sirasI (kula 160 ki.mI. ke lgbhg)| jaina paryaTakoM ke lie dUsare rAste kI siphAriza kI jAtI hai tAki vaha lakSmezvara kA sahasrakUTa dekha ske| vahA~ dharmazAlA nahIM hai| jinake pAsa apanA vAhana nahIM hai unake lie yaha acchA hogA ki ve lakSmezvara dekhakara vApasa hubalI A jAe~ aura hubalI se sIdhe sirasI cale jaaeN| dhAravAr3a avasthiti evaM mArga dhAravAr3a (Dharwar) karnATaka kA eka pramukha jilA hai| prAcIna samaya meM yahA~ jaina dharma kA kAphI prasAra thA aura Aja bhI hai / pUnA-baMgalora rAjamArga para sthita yaha zahara belagA~va se 80 ki. mI. aura hubalI se 21 ki. mI. dUra hai| yahA~ goA se bhI sIdhe pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| paNajI se loMDhA nAmaka sthAna 100 kilomITara hai aura vahA~ se eka sar3aka sIdhI dhAravAr3a AtI hai| loMr3hA se dhAravAr3a 62 ki. mI. hai| isa sthAna se belagA~va aura kAravAr3a ke lie bhI sar3aka-mArga hai| bambaI-pUnA-miraja (bar3I lAina, miraja se choTI lAina) belagA~va-loMDhA hote hue relamArga dhAravAr3a (dakSiNa-madhya relave) pahu~catA hai aura hubalI hote hue baMgalora meM samApta hotA hai| dhAravAr3a U~cI-nIcI bhUmi para sahyAdri kI talahaTI meM basA hone ke kAraNa eka sundara sthAna lagatA hai| U~cI bhUmi ke kAraNa zahara kA kucha bhAga chipA-sA jAna par3atA hai| yahA~ kA mausama bhI acchA hotA hai| mArca ke anta meM aura aprela ke prArambha meM sabase adhika garamI par3atI hai aura apraila ke anta meM garaja ke sAtha varSA prArambha ho jAtI hai / apanI jalavAyu ke kAraNa ise choTA mahAbalezvara kahA jAtA hai| sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika gatividhiyoM kA bhI yaha kendra hai| yahIM hai eka U~cI pahAr3I para dhAravAr3a vishvvidyaaly| usI meM hai kannar3a anusaMdhAna saMsthAna (Kannada Research Institute) / isa saMsthAna kA eka suniyojita bar3A saMgrahAlaya (museum) hai jisameM bahuta adhika saMkhyA meM jaina mUrtiyA~ saMgrahIta haiN| yahA~ reDiyo-sTezana bhI hai|
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________________ 96 / bhArata ke digambara jainatIrtha (karnATaka) zAntinAtha mandira dhAravAr3a meM eka dhvasta kilA bhI hai| ullekha hai ki vijayanagara zAsaka ke adhikArI dArarAva ne ise banavAyA thA aura isI dArarAva ke nAma para yaha nagara dhAravADa khlaayaa| yahIM yaha jaina mandira bhI hai| uparyukta zAntinAtha mandira dravir3a zailI kA hai| isa para zikhara nahIM hai / isameM kamalAsana para pArzvanAtha kI kAle pASANa kI sAr3he ATha phuTa U~cI pratimA hai jisake donoM hAtha khaNDita haiM / isameM saMbhavataH sarvAhna yakSa aura dvArapAlikA kI khaNDita mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / isa mandira kI chata para bhagavAna neminAtha apane pUrNa parikara ke sAtha pradarzita haiN| chata para isa prakAra kA aMkana asAdhAraNa hai| bhagavAna neminAtha ke cAroM ora konoM meM AkAzacArI vidyAdhara (?) utkIrNa haiN| unake Asa-pAsa saMbhavata: ATha dikpAla (?) yA ca~varadhArI haiN| isI prakAra yagala rUpa meM azvArohI, gajArohI, makara Adi citrita haiM / tIrthaMkaroM kI khaDgAsana meM dhAtu-pratimAe~ bhI haiN| unake sAtha yakSa-yakSI bhI pradarzita haiN| makara-toraNa, kIrtimukha aura kalaza kI bhI saMyojanA yahA~ eka mAnastambha bhI hai jisakA AdhAra bhAga tA~be kA hai| usa para lekha aMkita hai| yahA~ AsIna padmAvatI kI prabhAvalI yukta pASANa pratimA bhI hai| isa prakAra yaha mandira asAdhAraNa aura isa kAraNa darzanIya hai| kannar3a zodha saMsthAna evaM saMgrahAlaya (dhAravAr3a vizvavidyAlaya) jaisAki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, yahA~ ke vizvavidyAlaya ke kannar3a zodha saMsthAna (KRI) kA eka bar3A saMgrahAlaya hai / use hara jaina paryaTaka ko dekhanA caahie| usameM prAcIna evaM bhavya jaina mUrtiyA~ Adi kAfI saMkhyA meM saMgrahIta haiN| ___ uparyukta saMsthAna kI sthApanA 1939 meM bambaI sarakAra ne kI thii| tabase aba taka yaha saMsthAna kannar3a sAhitya aura karnATaka ke itihAsa ke kSetra meM prazaMsanIya kArya kara rahA hai / san1958 meM isa saMsthAna meM 'Guide to the Kannada Research Institute, Museum' prakAzita kI thii| usameM lakkuNDi aura haduvallI se prApta mUrtiyoM Adi kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai| isI saMsthAna kA eka anya prakAzana hai 'Jain Iniages in KRI' / isa saMsthAna ne karnATaka meM prApta zilAlekhoM ke kucha z2ilevAra khaNDa prakAzita kie haiM aura zeSa khaNDa bhI prakAzanAdhIna haiN| unase jaina-dharma sambandhI nayI jAnakArI karnATaka ke sambandha meM prApta hone kI sambhAvanA hai| isa pustaka kI sAmagrI-saMkalana ke samaya profesara ema. ema. kulabargI saMsthAna ke adhyakSa aura saMgrahAlaya ke nidezaka the| unheM jaina purAtattva kI acchI jAnakArI hai / lekhaka ko unhoMne alamAriyoM meM surakSita tIrthaMkaroM Adi kI sundara kAMsya pratimAe~ dikhAyIM jo ki lakkuMDi aura Dambala Adi aneka sthAnoM se prApta huI haiM aura jinheM sajAkara rakhane kA unakA prayatna hai| unhoMne yaha bhI sUcanA dI ki karnATaka meM tADapatra para likhe lagabhaga dasa haz2Ara jaina grantha haiM jinakA sUcIkaraNa evaM saMrakSaNa Avazyaka hai| vizvavidyAlaya meM 'kannaDa aitihAsika anusaMdhAna sosAiTI' (Knnada Historical
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________________ 30. hubalI-anantanAtha basadi : tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ; agala-bagala meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI, dasavIM shtii|
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________________ 31. hubalI-anantanAtha basadi : eka jaina yakSI, sthAnIya nAma kAlAmbA (?); solahavIM shtii|
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________________ 32. dhAravADa-kannar3a zodha saMsthAna meM pradarzita tIrthaMkara mUrti kA mastaka / 33. dhAravAr3a-kannar3a zodha saMsthAna meM pradarzita brahmadeva /
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________________ TAMIL 34. lakSmezvara-zaMkha-jinAlaya : sahasrakUTa jinAlaya kI laghu AkRti ; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 108090010008 REMRO898086 O ( 35. lakSmezvara-zaMkha jinAlaya kA pUrva kI ora se bAhya dRzya ; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii|
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________________ dhAravAr3a / 97 Research Society) bhI kAryarata hai| yaha saba vizvavidyAlaya kempasa meM haiN| kannar3a saMsthAna ko hAla hI meM eka kheta se pItala kI DhAI phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara pratimA prApta huI hai| ___ saMgrahAlaya meM adhikAMza pratimAe~ 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI kI haiN| unameM se kucha khaNDita bhI hai (dekheM citra kramAMka 32) / saMgrahIta jaina kalA-vastuoM meM mUrtiyoM ke atirikta caraNa, sallekhanA dRzya, niSadhi (smAraka), yakSa-yakSI, nandIzvara aura bAhubalI kI pratimA mukhya haiM / brahmadeva yakSa kI mUrti (citra kra. 33) vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / ye pASANa, kAMsya aura pItala se nirmita haiM / yahA~ chaha phuTa U~cI padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti hai to eka phuTa U~cI tIrthakara mUrti bhI hai / nandIzvara kI U~cAI kevala nau iMca hai| pratimAe~ Adi galiyAre meM (haoNla ke) tathA pradarzana-baksoM (Dispalekesa) meM bhI bhalI prakAra sajAkara rakhI gaI haiM / mUrtiyoM kA saMgraha amInabAvi, lakkuMDi, Dambala ke khetoM Adi se kiyA gayA hai| unakI khoja nirantara jArI rahatI hai aura saMgraha meM vRddhi hotI rahatI hai| kucha kalAkRtiyoM kA yahA~ saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai terahavIM zatAbdI kI eka niSadhi meM Upara tIrthaMkara mUrti utkIrNa hai to nIce upAdhyAya kI mUrti, jisake hAtha meM usakA cihna pustaka hai / kIrtimukha aura makara-toraNa se yukta bahutasI kAMsya pratimAe~ isa saMgrahAlaya meM haiM jinakI kalA darzaka ko AkarSita karatI hai| brahmadeva kI bhI cAra phuTa U~cI eka mUrti vahA~ haiN| yahA~ bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kI bahuta sundara tIna caubIsiyA~ arthAt trikAla-caturviMzatikA bhI hai / mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha haiN| eka ora isI mudrA meM supArzvanAtha bhI haiN| tIna cApoM (arches) meM tIrthaMkaroM kI laghuAkRtiyA~ haiM jinakI saMkhyA 72 hogii| nIce yakSa-yakSI haiN| azoka-vRkSa,stambhayukta cApa (Pillared arch) aura kIrtimukha kI saMyojanA ke kAraNa yaha darzaka kA dhyAna vizeSa rUpa se AkRSTa karatI hai| kAmanakaTTI kA jaina mandira tathA amInabAvi kI neminAtha basadi ___ sthAnIya basa-sTaiNDa se lagabhaga do-tIna kilomITara kI dUrI para kAmanakaTTI meM bhI eka jaina mandira hai| isI basa-sTaiNDa se amInabAvi kI neminAtha basadi jo ki tIna cAra kilomITara kI dUrI para hai, dekhI jA sakatI hai| vahA~ sIdhI baseM bhI jAtI haiN| dhAravAr3a meM sTezana-roDa (nayA nAma sanmati-roDa) para jI. pI. o. ke sAmane sanmati jaina boDiMga hai| yaha basa-sTaiNDa se lagabhaga eka-Der3ha kilomITara hai| yahA~ bhI Thaharane kI sImita vyavasthA sambhava hai| hubalI ke prasaMga meM yaha parAmarza diyA gayA thA ki hubalI ko kendra banAnA cAhie aura dhAravAr3a dekhakara vApasa hubalI lauTa jAnA caahie| hubalI ke bAda agalA darzanIya sthala lakSmezvara hai|
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________________ 98 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) lakSmezvara yahA~ ke bahuta prAcIna 'zaMkha mandira' (jaina mandira) meM sahasrakUTa (eka hajAra jina-mUrtiyoM kA eka sAtha aMkana) eka aisI kalAkRti hai jo bahuta hI kama dekhane ko milatI hai| avasthiti evaM mArga lakSmezvara (Lakshmeshwar) sar3aka-mArga dvArA hubalI aura gadaga se jur3A huA hai| kuNDagola (38 ki. mI.) hote hue hubalI se lakSmezvara 78 ki. mI. hai| kheda hai ki karnATaka basarUTa aura paryaTana nakze meM yaha sar3aka nahIM hai| nikaTatama relave sTezana guDagerI hai jo ki pUnA-hubalI-baMgalora mITarageja lAina para dakSiNa relave ke antargata AtA hai| vahA~ se lakSmezvara lagabhaga 15 kilomITara hai| vartamAna meM lakSmezvara eka bar3A gA~va hai jo ki dhAravAr3a jile ke sirahaddI tAluka ke antargata AtA hai| yahA~ pahale 101 jaina mandira the, aba kevala do raha gae haiM-zaMkha basadi aura nAtha bsdi| jaina parivAroM kI saMkhyA bhI pandraha hai| na koI dharmazAlA hai aura na koI paatthshaalaa| ataH yahA~ ke mandira dekhakara Age bar3hanA caahie| basa-sTaiNDa ke Asa-pAsa kucha jaina parivAra rahate haiN| eka prAcIna nagara lakSmezvara eka prAcIna nagara hai| yahA~ 53 zilAlekha haiN| yahA~ bolI jAne vAlI kannar3a zuddha mAnI jAtI hai| zilAlekhoM meM isa nagara ke aneka nAma Ate haiN| jaise-puligere, haligera, purigere, porigere aura pulikara nagara / puligera kA artha hotA hai-cIte ke tAlAba ko nagara / ye zilAlekha 7vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka ke haiN| _ 'zaMkha basadi' sAtavIM sadI kI yA usase pahale kI nirmita jAna par3atI hai| yahA~ 700 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki pUjyapAda akalaMka kI paramparA ke udayadeva paNDita cAlukya zAsaka vijayAditya dvitIya (696-733 I.) ke rAjaguru the| isa rAjA ne uparyukta guru ko isa mandira ke lie dAna Adi diyA thaa| 734 I. ke eka anya zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki rAjamAnya vikIrNaka ne 'zaMkha jinAlaya' ke jIrNoddhAra evaM maNDana (sajAvaTa) ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki 734 I. meM yaha mandira marammata ke lAyaka ho cukA thaa| zaMkha mandira meM patthara kI lambI zilA para 968 I. ke eka lekha meM gaMga yA koMgu vaMza kI vaMzAvalI dI gaI hai| usameM ullekha hai ki mArasiMha deva koMgaNivarmA ne jinheM gaMgakaMdarpa bhI kahate the, jayadeva nAmaka purohita ko dAna diyA thaa| isa lekha meM isa mandira ko 'gaMgakaMdarpa bhUpAla jinendra mandira' kahA gayA hai| saMbhavataH kAfI marammata yA jIrNoddhAra kArya ke kAraNa yaha nAma de diyA gayA hai| eka zilAlekha se yaha sUcanA prApta hotI hai ki cAlukya zAsaka vijayAditya (696733 I.) kI choTI bahina kuMkuma mahAdevI ne yahA~ 'Ane sejje' basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura vahIM sallekhanA bhI dhAraNa kI thii|
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________________ lakSmezvara / 99 isa sthAna kI 'permADi basadi' ke darzana cAlukya bhuvanaikamalla ke sAmanta rAjA jayakIrti 1074 I. meM kiye the / yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki 1113 I. meM 'goggayyA basadi' meM indrakIrti paNDitadeva rahate the / 1295 I. meM yahA~ kI zAntinAtha basadi ke lie somayyA ne dAna diyA thA / colarAja somezvara prathama ne isa nagara para AkramaNa kiyA thA aura yahA~ ke jaina mandiroM ko naSTa kara diyA thA / sthAnIya anuzruti ke anusAra, AdayyA nAmaka vIrazaiva ne somanAtha se somezvara kI mUrti eka jaina basadi meM sthApita kI aura usa basadi ko pASANa nirmita karA diyaa| yaha ghaTanA 11vIM12vIM sadI kI batAI jAtI hai / Ajakala yaha somezvara mandira kahalAtA hai / isa ghaTanA kA ullekha 'somezvaracarite' meM bhI hai / mahAkavi pampa kI kAvya- bhUmi eka haz2Ara se adhika varSa kI prAcIna kannar3a ke Adikavi haiM mahAkavi pampa / unake do mahAkAvya prasiddha haiM 'AdipurANa' (jaina - racanA) aura 'vikramArjuna- vijaya' / kavi pampa ne AdipurANa kI racanA lakSmezvara ke 'zaMkha jinAlaya' yA 'sahasrakUTa jinAlaya' meM kI thii| mahAkavi pampa janma se brAhmaNa the kintu unhoMne jainadharma svIkAra kara liyA thA / 'maisUra' (rASTrIya pustaka nyAsa - NBT ) ke lekhaka na. sa. rAmacandraiyA ke zabdoM meM, "vaha eka hI sAtha 'kavi' aura 'kali' (vIra) donoM the / pampa ke sabhI varNana unake pratyakSa anubhava ke AdhAra paraM haiM - zAnti tathA yuddha, prAsAda aura kuTIra, gA~va aura nagara / unakA vyaktitva sampUrNa thA / unheM isa bAta para garva thA ki unake andara kAvya-dharma aura dharma donoM ke lie hI samAna sammAna hai / vaha ihaloka aura paraloka donoM kI hI rakSA kara sakate the| tabhI to unhoMne do mahAkAvya likhe - jaina dharma kA varNana karane ke uddezya se 'AdipurANa' aura laukika bAtoM kA varNana karane ke lie 'vikramArjuna - vijaya' / isa prakAra unhoMne apane do mahAkAvyoM dvArA campU- kAvya kI arthAt mizrita gadya-padya kI prathA calAyI / " ve kannaDa bhASA ke mahAn prathama kavi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiM / unakA isa bhASA - sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bar3A mahattva hai / unake dvArA pravartita campU- kAvya zailI do sau varSoM taka kannar3a sAhitya meM bar3I lokapriya rhii| zaMkha jinAlaya lakSmezvara kA 'zaMkha jinAlaya' (dekheM citra kra. 35 ) kisI samaya eka vizAla jaina mandira rahA hogA / usakA ahAtA nizcaya hI bar3A hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki isake sAtha choTe mandira bhI isI ahAte meM rahe hoN| jaise hI hama mandira ke samIpa pahu~cate haiM, hameM sar3aka ke kinAre hI eka cabUtare para tIna chatra aura kIrtimukha sthApita dikhAI par3ate haiM / inake pAsa eka khambhA gar3A hai / aisA jAna par3atA hai ki yaha cabUtarA kisI mandira kI caukI rahA hogaa| yahIM praveza - sIr3hiyoM kA jaMgalA hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki mandira kA kucha bhAga aba makAnoM meM parivartita ho gayA ho / vartamAna meM zaMkha jinAlaya eka vizAla mandira kA zeSa bhAga jAna par3atA hai / yahA~ aba bhI pUjana-arcana hotA haiM / bAhara khaNDita mUrtiyA~ aura kar3iyA~ ( Beams ) par3I haiM / mandira ke
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________________ 100 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) sAmane sAdhAraNa-sA mAnastambha hai aura balipITha bhI hai| sAmane se mandira ekadama sAdhAraNa lagatA hai| praveza-sIr3hiyoM se pahale candrazilA hai| praveza-dvAra ke donoM ora kI dIvAle sAdhAraNa haiM, una para koI nakkAzI nahIM hai| kintu muMDera ke Upara dravir3a zailI kA utkIrNana hai / usase bhI Upara kA bhAga qile ke namUne kA dikhatA hai| mandira meM garbhagRha, bar3A ardhamaNDapa aura usase bhI bar3A mahAmaNDapa tathA raMgamaNDapa haiN| isa prakAra eka aviziSTa basadi hote hue bhI yaha mandira vizAla hai| vAstuvidoM kA mata hai ki isake jIrNoddhAra eva saMvardhana ke kAraNa isake bhItarI aura bAharI bhAgoM meM parivartana hotA rahA hai (prAcIna mandiroM meM aisA hotA hI hai) / 'jaina kalA aura sthApatya' (bhAratIya jJAnapITha) meM zrI saundara rAjan ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki, "nirmama vidhvaMsa aura nAma-mAtra kI pUjA ke hote hue bhI yaha bhavya mandira chaThI zatI taka ke apane atIta ko yazogAthA kaha rahA hai|" pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| pravezadvAra para patthara kI jAlI jaisA sundara utkIrNana hai| isa basadi ke raMgamaNDapa ke tIna dvAra haiM-dakSiNa meM, uttara meM aura pazcima meM / isako cauko (aviSThAna) para vyAvari kA jIvanta aMkana hai / mandira ke stambhoM aura dIvAloM para lekha khude hue haiN| tInoM pravezadvAroM ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkaroM kA utkIrNana hai| usako dharana (beams) para bhI padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| sahasrakUTa-paryaTaka ko sabase adhika AkarSita karane vAlI yahA~ kI durlabha kalAkRti hai sahasrakUTa arthAt eka haz2Ara jina-pratimAoM kA eka hI zilAkhaNDa para ukerA jAnA yA yoM kaheM ki eka hajAra pratimAoM kA choTA-sA mandira (dekheM citra kra. 35) / yaha sahasrakUTa 11vIM sadI kA hai| isakI U~cAI 5 phuTa 3 iMca hai| isameM cAroM ora mUlanAyaka kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM DhAI phuTa U~cI kAle pASANa kI camakadAra pAlizavAlI bhavya mUrtiyA~ haiN| unake ghuTanoM ke Asa-pAsa pArzvanAtha aura supArzvanAtha aMkita haiM / unake donoM ora do stambha haiM / mUlanAyaka ke mastaka se Upara kA bhAga trikoNAtmaka hai| nIce kA bhAga catuSkoNa hai| UparI bhAga meM AloM meM padmAsana evaM kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaroM kI kucha bar3I mUrtiyA~ haiN| zeSa jina-pratimAe~ padmAsana meM haiM aura unakA AkAra choTA hai| sabase Upara kIrtimukha hai / aura eka catuSkoNIya zikhara kI AkRti hai| kula milAkara yaha sahasrakUTa akelA hI lakSmezvara Ane-jAne kA sArA zrama dUra kara mana meM Ananda aura zraddhA kA saMcAra kara sakatA hai| zaMkha basadi ke navaraMga maNDapa ke stambhoM para belagA~va jaisI sundara nirmiti hai| chata para bhI kamala kA acchA aMkana huA hai| yahA~ 10vIM aura 11vIM zatAbdI kI padmAvatI devI evaM kuSmANDinI devI kI kramazaH 2 phuTa aura 4 phuTa U~cI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| praveza se bAyIM ora kI pUrI dIvAla para patra-puSpa kA bahuta hI manohArI aMkana hai / garbhagRha ke atirikta usake sAmane ke maNDapa meM bhI mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiN| jo dravir3a zailI kA utkIrNana yahA~ hai usakA bahuta-sA bhAga naSTa ho gayA hai| usameM deviyA~, mauktika mAlAe~ tathA kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| garbhagRha kI isI ora kI pUrI dIvAla para nartakiyoM Adi kI choTI AkRtiyA~ aMkita haiN| _ mandira kI pichalI dIvAla para jo aMkana hai vaha vizeSa rUpa se AkarSaka yA dhyAna dene yogya hai / yadyapi usakA bhI bahuta-sA bhAga naSTa ho gayA hai tadapi tIrthaMkaroM kI padmAsana evaM
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________________ lakSmezvara | 101 kAyotsarga mudrA meM laghu mUrtiyA~ sundara DhaMga se utkIrNa kI gaI haiN| vizeSa rUpa se zikhara para bahuta hI sUkSma kArIgarI hai| yahIM aMkita haiM-deviyA~, nartakiyA~, yakSiyA~, siMha aura mithuna Adi / dAhinI dIvAla para bhI bAyIM ora kI dIvAla jaisA utkIrNana hai| sAtha hI usameM pASANa kA jAlIdAra jharokhA, vyAla tathA kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| nIce ke bhAga kI dIvAla para koI utkIrNana nahIM hai / zAyada yahA~ marammata kI gaI hai| praveza se dAyIM ora kI, usase Age kI dIvAla para bhI bA~yI ora kI dIvAla kI bhA~ti utkIrNana hai| sAmane se mandira dekhane para jo nirAzA hotI hai usakI pUrti ina aMkanoM tathA sahasrakUTa ke darzanoM se bhAlIbhA~ti ho jAtI hai| anantanAtha basadi yaha sthAnIya basa sTaiNDa ke nikaTa eka bar3e ahAte meM hai| kahIM-kahIM, zAyada bhUla se, ise AdinAtha basadi kahA gayA hai| yaha bhI 10vIM sadI kA mandira jAna par3atA hai| bAhara se dekhane para yaha mandira kilenumA jAna par3atA hai| isake bAhara eka nAgaphalaka hai / mandira meM eka garbhagRha hai| usake sAmane vedI para aneka mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiN| usase Age kA maNDapa kAphI bar3A hai| usameM lagabhaga 30 stambha haiM aura eka devakulikA / AkAra meM ye tInoM eka-dUsare se choTe hote cale gae haiM aura isa prakAra basadi ko bhavyatA pradAna karate haiN| devakulikA ke pravezadvAra para bhI padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiM / isameM tIna phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mudrA meM sAta phaNoM se yukta pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai / isakI caukhaTa para bhI sundara nakkAzI hai| basadi kA pravezadvAra paMca-zAkhA prakAra kA hai| usa para manohArI utkIrNana aura siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara pradarzita haiN| acchI nakkAzI ke mAmale meM yaha basadi nirAza nahIM krtii| usakA sundara pradarzana isakI pichalI dIvAla para hai| usameM trikoNAtmaka zikharayukta Ale haiN| unake bhI Asa-pAsa hAthiyoM kA aMkana hai / basadi kA zikhara kaTanIdAra hai| lakSmezvara kasbe kI isa anantanAtha basadi meM mUlanAyaka anantanAtha kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM kAle pASANa kI 5 yA 6 phuTa U~cI sundara mUrti hai| usa para eka hI chatra hai| bhAmaNDala pItala kA hai| donoM ora ca~varadhArI haiM tathA ina tIrthaMkara ke yakSa kinnara aura yakSiNI anantamatI ghuTanoM taka baiThe hue pradarzita haiM / mUrti dasavIM zatAbdI kI hai / dasavIM sadI kI hI eka pArzvanAtha mUrti aura eka khaNDita caubIsI bhI yahA~ hai / gyArahavIM sadI kI 6 phuTa U~cI eka caubIsI ke mUlanAyaka AdinAtha kAyotsarga meM haiM / unake eka ora pArzvanAtha tathA gomukha yakSa tathA dUsarI ora supArzvanAtha evaM padmAvatI utkIrNa haiN| zeSa tIrthaMkara golagheroM meM haiM, makara-toraNa kI yojanA hai aura isa para kannar3a meM eka lekha hai| isI zatAbdI kI eka paMcatIthikA (pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM kI matiyA~) bhI yahA~ dekhI jA sakatI hai| eka-do caubIsiyA~ aura bhI haiN| unameM 14vIM sadI kI kAMsya kI caubIsI ke pAdAsana para nau graha utkIrNa haiM / gyArahavIM sadI kI padmAvatI aura brahmayakSa mUtiyA~ bhI haiM jo ki atizayayukta batAI jAtI haiN| dasavIM sadI kI eka sarasvatI mUrti ke bAe~ hAtha meM pustaka hai| lakSmezvara se baMkApura hote hue sirasI ke lie prasthAna karanA caahie| jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, lakSmezvara meM dharmazAlA ke rUpa meM Thaharane kI vyavasthA nahIM hai|
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________________ 102 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) baMkApura yaha sthAna, dhAravAr3a jile meM hI, lakSmezvara se 36 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita hai / yahA~ aba koI jaina mandira nahIM hai kintu prAcIna kAla kI isako mahattA jAna lenA uparyukta hogA / vartamAna meM, isa sthAna se do tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ lekha sahita prApta huI haiM / jaina- purANa kA pAThaka jinasenAcArya dvitIya ke 'mahApurANa' (saMskRta) se bhalIbhA~ti paricita hogaa| unakI isa anupama evaM kAvyamayI kRti ke bayAlIsa adhyAyoM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA caritra varNita hai / bayAlIsaveM adhyAya meM cakravartI bharata anya rAjAoM ko rAjanIti kA upadeza dete haiM / isa adhyAya ke lekhana ke bAda, mahAn AcArya jinasena svargavAsI ho ge| yaha vizAlakAya bhAga 'AdipurANa' kahalAtA hai| unake zeSa kArya ko (anya 23 tIrthaMkaroM kA saMkSipta jIvanavRtta likhakara ) unake ziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne pUrA kiyaa| unake dvArA racita bhAga 'uttarapurANa' kahalAyA / kAla kI gati kitanI vicitra hai ki jinabhakta rASTrakUTa samrATa amoghavarSa prathama ( 804 se 880 I.) ke jIvanakAla mAnyakheTa meM AcArya jinasena ne jisa vizAla grantha 'mahApurANa' kI racanA kI thI, usakA antima bhAga AcArya guNabhadra ne baMkApura meM amoghavarSa ke baMkApura sthita jainadharmAnuyAyI sAmaMta vora baMkeyarasa ke samaya meM pUrNa huA / usake bAda AcArya guNabhadra bhI svargavAsI ho gae, aura baMkeyarasa bhI / kintu 898 I. meM AcArya guNabhadra ke ziSya lokasena ne isa anupama kRti kA sArvajanika vAcana evaM pUjana baMkeyarasa ke ke zAsanakAla meM kiyA / putra lokAditya kAra prAcIna kAla meM eka prasiddha jaina kendra thA / baMkeyarasa ke nAma para hI yaha nagara baMkApura kahalAyA / batAyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ ke kucha mandira masjida banA die ge| gajalakSmI, mUrtiyoM ke lie Ale, puSpAvaliyukta 60 stambhoM vAlI raMgasvAmI nagarezvara basadi bhI to masjida bana gaI / baMkApura se hanagala, saMtekopa evaM AtUra hote hue sirasI kA mArga hai| AtUra se jaMgala kA rAstA bhI par3atA hai / dhAravAr3a jile ke anya jaina-sthala dhAravAr3a jile meM jaina dharma kA bahuta vyApaka prasAra rahA hai / isa jile meM lagabhaga tIsa sthAnoM para jaina mandira yA jaina avazeSa haiM jinameM se lakkuNDi, lakSmezvara (pUrva varNita ), amminaAdi to kalA aura itihAsa Adi kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM hI, nimnalikhita sthAnoM kA bhI apanA eka itihAsa hai / zena (Ron) yaha sthAna bAdAmI se 32 ki. mI. kI dUrI para mukhya sar3aka para sthita hai| yahA~ kI pArzva
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________________ dhAravAr3a jile ke anya jaina-sthala | 103 nAtha basadi meM dasavIM sadI kI pratimAe~ haiN| eka sundara caubIsI yahA~ lagabhaga sAr3he tIna phITa U~cI hai / usake mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiM, una para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai, yakSa-yakSI aura makaratoraNa haiN| koTumacagI (Kotumachgi) rona tAluka ke isa sthAna para bhI pArzvanAtha basadi hai| usameM gyArahavIM sadI kI pratimAe~ haiN| eka kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara pratimA para eka hI chatra hai aura makaratoraNa kA sundara aMkana / pA~ca phaNoM vAlI eka pArzvanAtha pratimA ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI, makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha, evaM eka chatra kI sundara saMyojanA hai| sarpo ke gale kI silavaToM kA utkIrNana vizeSa rUpa se AkarSaka hai (dekheM citra kra. 36) / naregala (Naregal) yahA~ eka nArAyaNa mandira (citra kra. 37) hai jo kisI samaya jaina mandira thaa| vahA~ pArzvanAtha aura AdinAtha kI khaNDita pratimAe~ haiM aura caubIsI kI caukI meM pratimAoM ke lie khA~ce bane haiN| garbhagRha ke dvAra ke siradala para jo AkRti thI vaha nikAla dI gaI hai| ye pratimAe~ 10vIM evaM 11vIM sadI kI haiN| navilagunda (Navilgund) yahA~ kI AdinAtha basadi aba khaNDahara hai| yaha bhI 10vIM sadI kI hai| usameM 10vIM aura 11vIM sadI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / mukhamaNDapa ke nIce balipITha, zukanAsikA meM eka AsIna tIrthaMkara, kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha, unake dAe~ tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, bAe~ supArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| candraprabha kI bhI eka bhavya pratimA hai (dekheM citra kra. 38) / jvAlAmAlinI devI kA prAcIna mandira bhI yahA~ hai| par3e sura (Padesur) ___ yahA~ kI candranAtha basadi meM terahavIM sadI ko DhAI phITa U~cI candraprabha kI pratimA ardhapadmAsana meM hai| usakA Asana TUTa gayA hai aura bhAmaNDala sAdhAraNa hai / dIvAla meM banI kSatigrasta caubIsI ke mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha haiN| unake bAe~-dAe~ pAzrva aura supArzva haiN| yaha aMkana 12vIM sadI kA hai / sukhAsana meM jvAlAmAlinI kI mUrti 14vIM sadI kI hai| yaha sthAna navilagunda tAluka meM hai| .. baTegerI (Bategeri) ___ gadaga tAluka ke isa sthAna meM 11vIM sadI kI khaNDita tIna mUrtiyA~ yakSiNiyoM kI pAI gaI haiM jinameM se eka cakrezvarI hai|
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________________ 104 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) gadaga (Gadag) yahA~ se bhI 9vIM aura 10vIM sadI kI khaNDita tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| unameM se bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI eka manoja pratimA hai| kalasApura (Kalsapur) yahA~ bhI eka dhvasta jaina basadi hai / yahA~ nauvIM zatAbdI kI dasa phuTa U~cI, kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara kI eka bahuta hI sundara mUrti hai (dekheM citra kra. 39) / kucha anya khaNDita tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ bhI yahA~ se prApta huI haiN| mAlasamudram (Malasamudram) , gadaga tAluka ke isa sthAna kI pArzvanAtha basadi meM mahAvIra yA neminAtha kI lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI pratimA hai| pratimA kA lekha miTA huA hai / Asana para siMha aMkita hai, ghuTanoM ke pAsa yakSa-yakSI haiN| makara-toraNa ke atirikta ca~varadhArI bhI kaTihastamudrA meM haiM / samaya 10vIM sdii| gyArahavIM sadI kI pArzvanAtha aura aura supArzvanAtha kI pratimAe~ bhI yahA~ haiN| mUlagunda (Mulgund) gadaga tAluka kA yaha sthAna dasavIM sadI meM eka pramukha jaina kendra thaa| yahA~ jo 'trikUTa basadi' hai, usakA nirmANa 902 I. meM huA thaa| yahA~ ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki jaba musalamAnoM ne yahA~ kI pArzva basadi para AkramaNa kiyA taba hanasoge ke lalitakIrti bhaTTAraka ke ziSya sahasrakIrti ne usakI rakSA ke lie apane prANoM kI Ahuti de dI thii| musalamAnoM dvArA bhagna AdinAtha kI mUrti nAgabhapa kI patnI banadAmbike ne 1672 meM yahA~ sthApita kI thii| yahIM para kavi nayasena ne kannar3a meM 'dharmAmRta' nAmaka jaina siddhAnta pratipAdaka grantha kI racanA 1113 I. meM kI thI (isakA hindI anuvAda bhI ho cukA hai)| uparyukta mandira vizAla rahA hogaa| usakA jIrNoddhAra kiyA gayA hai| kintu usake garbhagRha para zikhara nahIM hai / yahA~ tIsa phuTa U~cI eka vizAla zilA para utkIrNa adhUrI aura kSatigrasta tIrthaMkara pratimA khaDgAsana meM hai jo ki dasavIM zatAbdI kI hai| caudahavIM sadI kI eka caubIsI (ATha phuTa) yahA~ zrI kulakarNI ke ghara meM hai / usake mUlanAyaka AdinAtha haiN| mandira ke garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara pratimA utkIrNa hai| usake Upara bhI tIrthaMkara kI laghu pratimAe~ haiM / basadi kA sAmane kA bhAga bhI dhvasta ho gayA hai| adaraguMcI (Adargunchi) yahA~ se bhI dasavIM zatAbdI kI mahAvIra svAmI kI eka pratimA prApta huI hai| aNNigerI (Annigeri) hubalI ke nikaTa ke isa sthAna kI prasiddhi kannar3a mahAkavi pampa kI mAtA kA janma-sthAna
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________________ 36. koTumacagI--pArzvanAtha basadi, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ; gyArahavIM shtii| 37. naregala-nArAyaNa mandira nAmaka jaina basadi kA bAhya dRzya; lagabhaga dasavIM shtii| 38. navilaguMDa-AdinAtha basadi : aSTama tIrthakara candraprabha /
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________________ 39. kalasApura--jaina basadi ke khaNDahara : kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara mUrti /
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________________ 40. budarasiMgI-bhagavAna AdinAtha : caubIsI kA parikara (Urdhva bhAga) gyArahavIM shtii| CRUILPEHLEELLLL 41. DaMbala (ji. dhAravAr3a)--pArzvanAtha basadi kA bAhya dRzya ; satrahavIM shtii|
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________________ 42. guDigerI (ji0 dhAravAr3a)-mahAvIra basadi meM ca~varadhArI yugma sahita tIrthaMkara mUrti ; dasavIM shtii|
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________________ 43. AraTvAla (ji0 dhAravAr3a)-pArzvanAtha basadi meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaka ra mUrti ; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii|
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________________ 44. guttala (ji0 dhAravAr3a)- tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti ; lagabhaga dasavIM shtii|
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________________ 45. haverI (ji. dhAravAr3a)-muddu-mANikya basadi meM pArzvanAtha kI parikara sahita AsIna mUrti ; lagabhaga dasavIM shtii|
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________________ 46. amminabAvi (ji0 dhAravAr3a)--pArzvanAtha basadi meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha, caubIsI sahita; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii|
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________________ dhAravAr3a jile ke anya jaina-sthala | 105 hone ke kAraNa bhI hai| yahA~ ke zilAlekha se jaina mandira kA acchA itihAsa milatA hai| yahA~ 750 I. meM cAlukya zAsaka ke grAmAdhikArI dvArA mandira banavAe jAne kA ullekha hai / belubala pradeza ke zAsaka gaMga permADi ne yahA~ 'gaMga permADi jinAlaya' banavAyA thA jise rAjAdhirAja cola ne naSTa kara diyA thaa| bAda meM use cAlukya samrATa trailokyamalla prathama somezvara ne 1053 I. meM isI sthAna para mAra DAlA thaa| bAda meM puligere (lakSmezvara) ke mahAmaNDalezvara ne 1071 I. meM usa jinAlaya kA jorNoddhAra kraayaa| yahA~ kI sIr3hiyoM (bArahavIM sadI) ke jaMgale para eka hAthI para zera ko hamalA karate dikhAyA gayA hai| zera ne hAthI ke mastaka para paMjA rakha diyA hai| siMha ke muMha se patrAvalI kI eka sundara DijAina bhI sIr3hiyoM ke jaMgale para dikhAI gaI hai| qarfirit (Budersingi) habalI tAluka ke antargata isa sthAna se bhI jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiN| inameM eka caubIsI pramukha hai jisake mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara AdinAtha haiN| unake donoM ora pArzvanAtha evaM supArzvanAtha utkIrNa haiN| chabbi (Chabbi) habalI ke samIpastha isa sthAna kA 'dhora jinAlaya' eka hajAra varSa prAcIna hai| isameM mUla mUrti zAntinAtha kI hai| jisa samaya (nauvIM zatAbdI meM) pAMcAla nAmaka jaina mANDalika yahA~ rAjya karatA thA, usa samaya isa jagaha kA nAma zobhanapura thaa| san 1060 I0 meM yahA~ AcArya kanakanandI kA samAdhimaraNa huA thaa| yahA~ jainoM ke sau se Upara ghara batAe jAte haiM / eka samaya yahA~ sAta mandira the| afstantco (Bannikoppe) zirahaddI tAluka meM yaha sthAna hai| yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi AkarSaka hai| usakA zikhara aneka tala vAlA hai| hAthI, tAroM Adi kA bhavya aMkana hai| Dambala (Dambal) gadaga se lagabhaga 20 ki.mI. para, isa sthAna se gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM sadI kI aneka pratimAe~ prApta huI haiN| inameM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA pramukha hai| yahA~ satrahavIM sadI kI eka pArzvanAtha basadi bhI hai jo aba khaNDahara ho gaI hai (dekheM citra kra. 41) / yahA~ eka kile meM dhvasta jaina mandira hai| guDigeri (Gudigeri) yaha sthAna lakSmezvara ke nikaTa kuNDagola tAluka meM hai / IsvI san 1073 meM bhuvanaikamalla dvitIya somezvara ke adhInastha pergaDe prabhAkara ne yahA~ eka jinAlaya 'mahAvIra basadi' kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isameM mahAvIra svAmI kI mUrti hai (dekheM citra kra. 42) / yahA~ adhikAMza pratimAe~
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________________ 106 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) gyArahavIM zatI kI haiN| eka tIrthaMkara pratimA ke Upara chatratrayI aura latAe~ haiM jinameM gola-gola gheroM meM saMgIta-maMDalI hai / yahA~ ambikA aura padmAvatI yakSiNiyoM kI bhI gyArahavIM sadI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / eka nAgaphalaka bhI hai jisa para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti utkIrNa hai| konnUru (koyanUru) (Konnuru) gokAka tAluka meM eka paramezvara mandira hai jo pahale jaina mandira thaa| isa mandira ke siradala para eka ubhare Ale meM AsIna tIrthaMkara kI mUrti utkIrNa hai / usake sAtha chatratrayI aura donoM ora ca~varadhArI bhI haiN| isakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI hai| eka khaNDita dharaNendra (sambhavataH) kI bhI mUrti yahA~ hai| prathama rASTrakUTa zAsaka amoghavarSa ne apane sAmanta baMkeya dvArA isa sthAna para nirmita jinAlaya ke lie 'taleyUru' nAmaka gA~va aura anya bhUmi dAna meM dI thii| isakA samaya san 860 I. hai| kalakerI (Kalkeri) hanagala tAluka ke isa sthAna para bArahavIM zatAbdI meM 'anantanAtha tIrthaMkara basadi' kA nirmANa huA thaa| kamalasena muni kI preraNA se mahAjanoM ne bhI isa mandira ke lie dAna diyA thaa| yahA~ ke jinAlaya meM 19vIM sadI kI yakSI padmAvatI kI eka pratimA hai| usake Upara sAta phaNa yakta pArzvanAtha haiN| phaNa ke pAsa bhI tIrthaMkara pratimA hai| solahavIM sadI kI, brahmayakSa ke bhI eka pratimA hai| isI prakAra AdinAtha (10vIM sadI) kI khaMDita pratimA, gyArahavIM sadI kI eka tIrthaMkara pratimA aura satI-smAraka tathA eka nAgaphalaka (10vIM sadI) bhI yahA~ se prApta hue haiN| hanagala (Hangal) yahA~ kA vIrabhadra mandira pahale eka jaina mandira thA aisA jAna par3atA hai| garbhagRha ke alaMkRta pravezadvAra ke siradala para koI mUrti thI jise chainI se nikAla diyA gayA hai| elAvatti (Elavatti) ___ hanagala tAluka meM eka 'elA jinAlaya' hai| isakI gumbada naSTa ho gaI hai| yaha mandira dasavIM zatAbdI kA jAna par3atA hai| yahA~ isI sadI kI AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI pratimAe~ haiN| kAMsya kI gyArahavIM sadI kI ambikA yakSI kI pratimA para tIrthaMkara neminAtha aMkita haiN| 3777&ata (Artala) ziggA~va tAluka ke isa sthAna para pAzva-basadi hai| isakA nirmANa cAlukya zAsakoM ke samaya meM zaka saMvat 1045 meM huA thaa| preraka the muni kanakacandra / usa samaya banavAsi aura hAnugullu pradeza meM kadambakula kA mahAmaNDalezvara tailapadeva rAjya karatA thaa| isa basadi meM gyArahavIM
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________________ dhAravAr3a jile ke anya jaina-sthala | 107 zatAbdI kI pratimAe~ haiM / sAr3he cAra phITa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA para sAta phaNa haiM aura dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI bhI utkIrNa haiM (dekheM citra kra. 43) / pA~ca phITa kI eka pratimA yakSa-yakSiNI sahita evaM makara-toraNa se yukta hai| yahA~ supArzvanAtha aura brahma yakSa kI 11vIM sadI kI pratimAe~ bhI haiN| guttala (Guttal) haverI tAluka ke isa gA~va meM dasavIM sadI kI sAr3he tIna phITa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM, sAta phaNa evaM makara-toraNayukta prApta huI hai (dekheM citra kra. 44) / pustakagaccha ke maladhArideva aura somezvara paMDitadeva ke ziSya ketizeTTi ne isa grAma meM 1162 I. meM pArzvanAtha kA mandira nirmita karAyA thA aura usake lie rAjA vikramAditya se dAna meM bhUmi prApta kI thii| haverI (Haveri) yahA~ kI 'muDDU mANikya basadi' meM dasavIM zatAbdI kI lagabhaga sAr3he tIna phITa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana mUrti hai jo chatratrayI, sAta phaNoM se yukta, sira se Upara taka ca~varadhAriyoM sahita tathA tIna ora latAoM se alaMkRta hai (dekheM citra kra. 45) / isI prakAra kI eka aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrti bhI yahA~ hai / sthAnIya siddhezvara mandira meM gyArahavIM zatI ke kucha jaina cihna, jaise ca~varadhArI, brahmayakSa kA azva Adi khaNDita avasthA meM haiN| batAyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ kA vIrabhadra mandira kisI samaya eka jaina mandira thA jo ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA hai| usakA zikhara kaTanIdAra hai| dhAravAr3a tAluka aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kucha sthaloM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra haiamminabAvi (Aminbhavi) ___yaha sthAna dhAravAr3a ke bilakula nikaTa hai aura yahA~ pahu~cane ke lie siTI baseM bhI upalabdha haiN| yahA~ kI 'pArzva basadi' meM dasavIM aura gyArahavIM sadI kI bhavya mUrtiyA~ haiN| gyArahavIM sadI kI isa sthAna kI eka caubIsI jaina mUrtikalA kA eka uttama udAharaNa hai (citra kra. 46) / isake mUlanAyaka AdinAtha haiN| unakI jaTAe~ kandhoM taka pradarzita haiM / mastaka para eka alaMkRta chatra hai / unake dAhinI ora ke stambha para sAta phaNoM se yukta pArzvanAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiN| AdinAtha ke isI ora ke pAdamUla meM gomeda yakSa ko baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| bAIM ora supArzvanAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM tathA yakSI cakrezvarI haiM / stambhoM ke chora para maka dikhAe haiN| unake mukha se pAnI ke gola challe nikalate pradarzita haiN| ina challoM meM aura unake bAhara 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI laghumUrtiyA~ haiM / AdinAtha ke mastaka ke donoM ora eka-eka ca~vara utkIrNa haiN| lagabhaga tIna phuTa kI isa caubIsI meM jitanA sUkSma aura sundara aMkana huA hai vaha kevala dekhane se hI samajha meM A sakatA hai| aisA utkIrNana bahuta kama pAyA jAtA hai / pA~ca sihoM ke Asana para dasavIM sadI kI sAr3he cAra phuTa UMcI mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA bhI alaMkRta phalaka
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________________ 108 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) para hai / isI sadI kI eka pArzvanAtha pratimA para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai, chatra eka hI hai aura mati makara-toraNa se yukta hai| dharaNendra eva padmAvatI bhI pradarzita haiN| belavatti (Belvetti) zilAlekha ke anusAra, yahA~ aneka jainAcArya rahate the aura saMvaNUru nivAsI bammizeTTI ne zobhakRta saMvatsara meM yahAM 'brahma jinAlaya' kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| afan farofa (Huvin Siggali) zilAlekhAnusAra eka zrAvaka ne yahA~ 1245 I. meM zAntinAtha jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA puligere ke mANDalikoM ne dAna diyA thaa| Alfafata (Kaginile) cAlukya rAja prathama jagadekamalla ke zAsanakAla meM 1030 I. meM isa grAma ke nivAsI jinadharmabhakta kAmadeva aura usake putra ne yahA~ jaina mandira banavAyA thaa| tatkAlIna zrI AyatavarmA ne yahIM rahakara kannar3a meM AcArya samantabhadra ke 'ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra' kI TIkA likhI thii| gA~va ke eka stambha para khade lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki dAnavinoda vairinArAyaNa leMkamarasaNNA AdityavarmA ne yahA~ 'kANUMgaNa meSapASANa gaccha basadi' aura mAnastambha kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thaa| karagudari (Kargudari) ___ san 1149 meM yahA~ mahAvaDDavyavahAri kallizeTTi ne 'vijaya pArzvanAtha' mandira kA nirmANa karAke basadi ko bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| AcArya nAgacandra bhaTTAraka usakI dekhabhAla karate the| Haifit (Matangi) eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki kalacuri rAjA bijjaladeva ke zAsanakAla meM hAnagallu ke kalideva zeTTi ne yahA~ eka caturviMzati tIrthaMkara-mandira kA nirmANa 1265 I. meM karAke bhaTTAraka nAgacandra ko kucha dAna ke sAtha sauMpa diyA thaa| mugada (Mugad) yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi meM adhikAMza pratimAe~ gyArahavIM sadI kI haiN| pArzvanAtha kI pA~ca phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai aura kIrtimukha hai| unake yakSa dharaNendra para tIna phaNa aMkita haiM / pArzva kI eka kAMsyamUrti kSatigrasta hai / terahavIM sadI kI eka caubIsI ke mUlanAyaka AdinAtha haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI paMktiyoM meM sabase Upara supArzvanAtha haiM jo ki pA~ca phaNoM se yukta haiM / padmAvatI kI bhI eka AkarSaka pratimA hai / devI ke keza laharAte hue pradarzita haiM
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________________ svAdI maTha | 109 rANibennUru (Ranibennuru) zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki IsvI san 959 meM nAgula pollabayu nAmaka bhakta mahilA yahA~ nAgula jina basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thA / saMgUru ( Sanguru) vijayanagara ke rAjA harihara ke samaya meM govada zAsaka mAdhava ke senApati nemaNNA 1395 I. meM saMgUru ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya ko nAnA prakAra kA dAna diyA thaa| nemaNNA ke pitA aura pitAmaha ne isI mandira meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / taDakoDa (Tadkod) yahA~ bhI eka pArzvanAtha basadi hai / usameM gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM sadI kI pratimAe~ haiM / unameM eka viziSTa nAgaphalaka bhI hai / uparyukta phalaka meM trichatra ke nIce aneka phaNa ke nAga Apasa meM gu~the hue haiM / uttara bhArata kSetrapAla kI bhA~ti aise nAgaphalaka dakSiNa bhArata meM kaI sthAnoM para milate haiM / basadi meM sapta phaNayukta kAyotsarga pratimA virAjamAna hai jisa para kannar3a meM lekha hai / kandhoM taka jaTAvAle AdinAtha ardhapadmAsana meM haiM / unakA bhAmaNDala kSatigrasta hai / mUrti para kannar3a lekha hai| padmAvatI mukuTa meM eka phaNase yukta pArzvanAtha kA aMkana hai / devI tribhaMga mudrA meM hai / eka bhagna zilA zAyada sallekhanA se sambandhita hai / svAdI maTha : eka upekSita prAcIna kendra avasthiti evaM mArga yaha sthAna sirasI se 22 ki. mI kI dUrI para huvalI - yellApura - sirasI mArga para sthita hai / aba yaha kAravAr3a (Karwar, purAnA nAma uttara kanArA North Kanara) z2ile ke sirasI tAluka meM eka gA~va hai / yaha sode bhI kahalAtA hai aura isakA prAcIna nAma sodakere hai / ise soMDA bhI kahate haiM / jaina maTha to isa gA~va se bhI alaga aise sthAna meM hai jisake Asa-pAsa ATha-dasa jaina parivAra hI rahate haiM / vAstava meM, ise bhulA diyA gayA hai / yahA~ pahu~cane ke lie kucha bAtoM para dhyAna denA z2arUrI hai / jo basa sirasI se svAdI gA~va jAtI hai usI se vApasa lauTanA cAhie / sirasI se subaha ATha baje kI basa lI jAe to dopahara Der3ha baje kI basa se svAdI se vApasa lauTA jA sakatA hai svAdI meM tIna maTha haiM - eka to svAdI gA~va meM hai jo ki 'vAdirAja maTha' kahalAtA hai / jAtA hai ki yaha pahale jaina maTha thA kintu aba yaha zaiva maTha hai / usake sAmane mAnastambha jaisI racanA dikhAI detI hai|
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________________ 110 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) jaina mandira jaina maTha ke lie svAdI gA~va taka jAnA bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai| sirasI se hubalI jAne vAlI sar3aka jahA~ svAdI gA~va ke lie mur3atI hai usI tirAhe para utara jAnA caahie| isa tirAhe ko 'vAdirAja kraoNsa' bhI kahate haiN| isake Asa-pAsa kucha AdivAsI yA kRSaka nivAsa karate haiM aura yaha choTA gA~va 'kamaTagerI' kahalAtA hai| vaise baMkApura kI ora se Ane para yaha sirasI se pahale par3atA hai| apanA sAdhana hone para ise pahale bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ cAra avazeSa dekhane meM Ate haiN| 1. sIr3hiyoMdAra eka sundara choTA sarovara / isake lie sar3aka ke pAsa se bailagAr3I kA rAstA-jaisA mArga jAtA hai| isa sarovara meM cAroM ora sIr3hiyA~ haiN| 2. sarovara se kucha hI dUrI para jaMgala se ghirA eka choTA kintu dhvasta jaina mandira hai| usameM aba mUrti nahIM hai| sAmane U~vA mAnastambha hai| 3. dhvasta mandira se hI eka aura choTA dhvasta mandira dikhAI detA hai| vaha bhI khAlI hai, kevala kSetrapAla zeSa haiN| usakI mUrti maTha meM virAjamAna kara dI gii| 4. jaina maTha aura mandira / jaina maTha AThavIM sadI se pahale kA batAyA jAtA hai| yaha 'bhaTTa akalaMka maTha' kahalAtA hai aura isa ke bhaTTAraka bhaTTa akalaMka kahalAte haiN| saMgItapura ke paTTAcArya akalaMkadeva kA yahA~ samAdhimaraNa huA thaa| kannar3a bhASA ke prasiddha grantha 'zabdAnuzAsana' (vyAkaraNa) kI racanA bhaTTAkalaMka ne yahIM kI thI / unakA samAdhimaraNa yahA~ 1577 I. meM huA thaa| yahIM unakI samAdhi hai| yaha sthAna hI prAcIna akalaMka-pITha hai| maTha isa samaya jIrNazIrNa avasthA meM hai kintu bhaTTAraka jI usI meM nivAsa karate haiM aura dharmalAbha dete haiN| maTha meM kar3iyA~ (Beams) lakar3I kI haiN| unheM sahArA dene ke lie lakar3I ke hI moTe-moTe stambha haiM / chata bhI lakar3I kI hai / bAhara se maTha eka sAdhAraNa makAna jAna par3atA hai| maTha ke bAhara kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa karane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yahA~ kisI samaya pASANa kA bar3A bhavana rahA hogaa| kursI Adi ke patthara dekhe jA sakate haiM / bar3e-bar3e pASANa-khaNDa Aja bhI yahA~ par3e haiN| jaina maTha ke vartamAna bhaTTAraka bhaTTa akalaMka jI saumya evaM snehapUrNa vyaktitva ke svAmI haiN| Arthika dRSTi se khastA hAlata meM hone para bhI yaha maTha prAcIna paramparA ko jIvita rakhe hue hai| indaura ke kucha dAniyoM ne yahA~ bhavana-nirmANa ke lie kucha Arthika sahAyatA bhI dI hai / maTha kI Arthika sthiti thor3I-sI khetI para nirbhara hai| jaina maTha se saMlagna prAcIna jaina mandira choTA-sA hai| usake mUlanAyaka AdinAtha haiM / ve stambhayukta makaratoraNa meM virAjamAna haiN| mandira meM candraprabha aura bAhubalI kI bhI mUrtiyA~ haiM / kUSmANDinI devI aura sarvAhna yakSa bhI sthApita haiN| mandira ke dvAra ke siradala para yakSa-mUrti aura dvAra-zilA para kamala tathA dvAra ke donoM ora dvArapAla haiN| mandira aura maTha rajisTarDa TrasTa haiM / maTha kA patA isa prakAra hai
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________________ joga-jharane | 111 svasti zrI bhaTTAkalaMka bhaTTAraka svAmI jI, grAma-svAdI (sode)Swadi po.-soMDA(Sonda) tAluka-sirasI (Sirsi) z2ilA-kAravAr3a (Karwar), karnATaka yahA~ se vApasa sirasI lauTanA caahie| joga-jharane : darzanIya sthala kabhI-kabhI paryaTaka kA mana karatA hai ki mandira-mUrtiyA~ dekhane ke sAtha hI yadi prAkRtika saundarya bhI dekhane ko mila jAe to kitanA acchA rahe ! yadi aisA sthAna yAtrA-krama ke bIca meM ho to aura bhI acchaa| aisI AvazyakatA kI pUrti karate haiM 'joga jharane' (Jog Falls) / mArga hubalI-baMgalora relamArga (dakSiNa relave) para, birUra (Birur) nAmaka sthAna se mITarageja kI eka lAina birUra-tAlagappA taka hai (bIca meM zimogA aura sAgara Ate haiN)| tAlagappA se ye jharane sar3aka-mArga dvArA solaha ki. mI. haiN| sar3aka-mArga dvArA sirasI se yahA~ pahu~cane ke lie siddhapura (siddhApura Siddhapur), vahA~ se tAlagappA hote hue yahA~ pahu~cA jAtA hai| sirasI se tAlagappA taka eksapresa aura semI-lakz2arI baseM bhI calatI haiN| sirasI se bhI sIdhI basa calatI hai| Thaharane Adi kI dRSTi se yaha uparyukta hogA ki paryaTaka sirasI se sAgara jAe aura vahA~ bAjAra kSetra meM Thaharakara, basa dvArA jogajharane dekha aaye| vaise ina jharanoM para bhI Thaharane kI acchI suvidhAe~ haiN| yahA~ Thaharane ke lie jharanoM ke ThIka sAmane vuDaleNDsa hoTala (zAkAhArI aura sastA), nirIkSaNa baMgalA tathA sarakArI yUtha hosTala (sastA tathA zAkAhArI) yA pAsa hI ke karagala nAmaka sthAna meM kucha laoNja haiN| ye saba zimogA jile meM haiM / jharane jahA~ se girate haiM vahA~ bhI pI. DablyU. DI. kA gesTa hAusa hai jo ki kAravAr3a jile meM AtA hai| agara pula ThIka nahIM huA to parezAnI hotI hai / zimogA jile kI hada meM ThaharanA hI ucita hai| joga jharane vAstava meM jharane nahIM, balki zarAvatI nadI hai| yaha cAra bar3e-bar3e jharanoM ke rUpa meM ba~Takara, 960 phITa kI U~cAI se nIce ghATI meM girakara, eka aisA sundara dRzya upasthita karatI hai jo anyatra durlabha hai| usakI ina cAra dhArAoM ke bhI bar3e sundara nAma rakhe gae haiN| bAe~ se dAe~ dekhanA zurU kareM to pahalI dhArA yA jharanA 'rAjA' kahalAtI / yaha dhArA sabase bar3I hai| usake pAsa kI dUsarI dhArA 'roarara' (Roarer) kahalAtI hai kyoMki usake girane se jora kI AvAz2a hotI hai| tIsarI dhArA kA nAma' (Rocket) hai| yaha sa~kare mArga se Akara giratI hai,
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________________ 112 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) dabAva jora kA hotA hai, isa kAraNa rAkeTa jaisI AvAz2a karatI hai| cauthI aura antima dhArA kA nAma 'rAnI' hai kyoMki yaha binA zora macAe giratI hai| zarAvatI kI ye cAroM dhArAe~ phira nadI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara agale 17 ki. mI. kA mArga taya kara araba sAgara meM jA milatI haiN| uparyukta jharanoM kA Ananda lene ke lie baiThane Adi kI sundara vyavasthA hai| sAtha hI vuDaleNDsa Adi hoTala haiN| sabase acchA mausama sitambara-akTUbara hai / garmiyoM meM dhArAe~ kucha kSINa par3a jAtI haiN| sAgara se joga-jharanoM taka jAte samaya rAste meM tAlagappA AtA hai jahA~ pahAr3I para TUrisTa baMgalA aura pahAr3I ke nIce sundara sarovara hai / Age calakara zarAvatI nadI bijalI yojanA (1947 meM prArambha huI thI) kA bA~dha AtA hai / kAjU ke aneka per3a aura AdivAsiyoM ke yA kRSakoM ke samUha dikhAI dete haiM / ina logoM ke sira para supArI yA anya kisI patte kI TopI bhI dekhane lAyaka hotI hai| yahIM mahAtmA gA~dhI panabijalI kendra hai| vAstava meM yaha zarAvatI ghATI hai| jharanoM ke bAda yadi paryaTaka cAhe to gerasoppA kI ora jA sakatA hai yA sAgara vApasa lauTakara apanI Age kI yAtrA prArambha kara sakatA hai| apanA sAdhana hone para sirasI-tAlagappAjoga jharane-tAlagappA-sAgara mArga ThIka rhegaa| kAravAr3a jile ke anya jaina-sthala ... kAravAr3a jile kA nayA nAma hai| vaise yaha uttara kanArA (North Kanara) kahalAtA thaa| prAcIna kAla meM yaha pradeza 'banavosa' kahalAtA thaa| yaha z2ilA jainadharma kA eka suprasiddha kendra rahA hai / jaina smArakoM yA vidyApITha ke atirikta jainadharma ke mahAn grantha 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kA prArambha bhI isa 'vanavAsa' meM huaa| banavAsi (Banvasi) yaha sthAna sirasI se 25 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ kadamba vaMza ke rAjAoM kI bhI rAjadhAnI thii| isa vaMza ke aneka rAjA jainadharma ke anuyAyI yA poSaka the / loga yaha artha bho nikAlate haiM ki zrI rAmacandra ke vanavAsa ke kAraNa yaha pradeza banabAsa banavAsi khlaayaa| mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ko sAr3he chaha sau varSa ho cuke the| itane samaya taka unake upadezoM kI maukhika paramparA hI pramukha thI kintu unake dvArA pradatta jJAna dhIre-dhIre lupta hotA jA rahA thaa| yaha sthiti jAnakara girinagara (jUnAgar3ha) meM tapasyA evaM jJAna-prasAra meM rata AcArya dharasena cintita hue| unhoMne dakSiNa pradeza ke muni-saMgha se do yogya ziSya bhejane kA anurodha kiyA / phalasvarUpa puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ye do muni unake pAsa bheje ge| AcArya
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________________ kAravAr3a jile ke anya jaina-sthala | 113 ne unakI parIkSA lI aura apane deza vApasa bheja diyaa| puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kA mUla nAma kucha aura hI thaa| donoM hI kI danta-paMktiyA~ asundara thiiN| alaukika prabhAva se unakI dantapaMkti sundara ho gaIM aura unheM puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali ye naye nAma die ge| puSpadanta ne apane bhAnaje muni jinapAlita ko AcArya dharasena dvArA upadiSTa jJAna pradAna kiyA aura anta meM banavAsi meM Akara Agama ko pustaka kA rUpa diyaa| eka naI paramparA prArambha huI / AcArya puSpadanta isake prArambhakartA hue| puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne chaha khaNDoM meM jo jJAna lipibaddha kiyA, vaha 'SaTakhaNDAgama' khlaayaa| usakA prArambhika bhAga puSpadanta kI racanA hai aura zeSa bhAga bhUtabali kI, jise unhoMne tamila deza meM pUrA kiyA thaa| usakI pUrti para muni saMgha ne jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko isa likhita zAstra kI pUjA kI aura isa dina ko zrutapaMcamI nAma diyA gyaa| tabhI se zrutapaMcamI Aja taka manAte cale A rahe haiN| isa prakAra banavAsi jaina zAstra ke itihAsa meM atyanta gauravapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| AcArya puSpadanta kA samaya I. san 50 se 80 mAnA gayA hai / vIra nirvANa saMvat ke anusAra ve saMvat 663 ke bAda hue haiN| kannar3a ke mahAkavi pampa ke lie bhI yaha sthAna preraNAprada thaa| samaya kI gati vicitra hai ! isa prasiddha jaina sthala meM aba kevala dasa jaina parivAra raha gae haiM / yahA~ svAdI maTha kI eka zAkhA hai| banavAsi meM 'candraprabha basadi' nAmaka eka mandira hai| usameM gyArahavIM sadI se lekara solahavIM zatAbdI taka kI prAcIna pratimAe~ haiN| mandira meM solahavIM sadI kI eka caubIsI hai jisake mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha haiN| unake tInoM ora padmAsana meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| yakSa-yakSI kA bhI aMkana hai| gyArahavIM sadI kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM, lagabhaga sAr3he cAra phuTa U~cI, makaratoraNa evaM yakSa-yakSI sahita pratimA hai| eka kAMsya-pratimA bhI hai jisake sAtha parikara nahIM hai| usakA Asana ulaTe pyAle kI taraha hai| caudahavIM sadI kI eka kAMsya tIrthaMkara pratimA kA Asana bhI sTUla kI taraha kA hai| ghor3e para savAra brahma yakSa kI mUrti bhI yahA~ hai jisake pRSThabhAga ke phalaka para kamala para AsIna eka tIrthaMkara laghu mUrti hai| padmAvatI kI eka 14vIM sadI kI mUrti ke mastaka para pArzvanAtha kA aMkana hai| gerusoppA (Gerusoppa) yaha honnavara tAluka meM hai / joga-jharanoM ke pAsa hI sthita yaha sundara sthala eka paryaTaka kendra bhI mAnA jAtA hai| kisI samaya yahA~ cannavairAdevI nAmaka eka jaina rAnI rAjya karatI thii| use yahA~ kA rAjya apanI mAtA se uttarAdhikAra meM milA thaa| purtagAliyoM ne 1542 I. meM use harAkara na kevala usakA rAjya hI chIna liyA apitu yahA~ ke jaina mandiroM ko bhI jI bharakara naSTa kiyaa| IsAI dharma kA pracAra karane meM purtagAlI aMgrejoM se bhI kaTTara the| isakA pramANa Aja bhI govA meM atyadhika saMkhyA meM carcoM kI vidyamAnatA se milatA hai| yahA~ ke mandiroM Adi kA prabandha humacA ke bhaTTAraka svAmI jI dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| gerusoppA kisI samaya eka pramukha jaina kendra thaa| san 1360 meM yahA~ tIrthaMkara anantanAtha basadi kA nirmANa huA thaa| san 1563 meM zAntinAtha basadi kA nirmANa sAluvanAyaka ne karavAyA
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________________ 114 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) thaa| yahA~ neminAtha mandira bhI banA / isa sthAna ke aneka bhavyoM ne zravaNabelagola ke mandiroM kA uddhAra karAyA thaa| yahA~ caturmukha basadi, neminAtha basadi, pArzvanAtha basadi aura jvAlAmAlinI basadi nAmaka cAra mandira haiM / kucha dhvaMsAvazeSa bhI haiN| 'caturmukha basadi' kA samaya 15vIM yA 17vIM sadI mAnA jAtA hai / isake dhvasta stambhoM ko mandira ke Asa-pAsa punaH sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| mandira kI caukI para pazupakSiyoM kA sundara utkIrNana hai| usake bhItarI stambhoM para bhI sundara kArIgarI hai| mandira meM caitya-gavAkSa bhI hai| siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara pratimA aura garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra para dvArapAloM kA aMkana hai| caumukhe kI cAra pratimAe~ 15vIM zatAbdI kI aura ATha phuTa U~cI haiM / ye stambhoMyUkta cApa ke atirikta, chatratrayI se zobhAyamAna haiN| eka pratimA gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha kI hai| isakI pahicAna yakSa-yakSI Izvara aura gaurI se hotI hai / dUsarI pratimA vimalanAtha kI hai jo ki apane lAMchana varAha se yukta hai / tIrthaMkara mallinAtha kI tIsarI pratimA kI pahicAna yakSa-yakSI kubera aura aparAjitA ke vAhanoM se hotI hai / cauthI pratimA mahAvIra svAmI kI hai| ve yakSa-yakSI mAtaMga aura siddhAyikA se tathA unake vAhana se pahacAne jAte haiN| yaha mandira 'jalamandira' bhI kahalAtA hai| 'neminAtha basadi' meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha padmAsana meM chatratrayI se yukta haiN| unake yakSa-yakSI bhI aMkita haiN| ca~varadhAriyoM kA aMkana sira se Upara taka hai / pratimA para makara-toraNa hai| mUrti 14vIM sadI kI aura lagabhaga sAr3he sAta phuTa U~cI hai| ___ 'pArzvanAtha basadi' kI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana pratimA pandrahavIM sadI ke Asa-pAsa kI hai aura lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI hai| usa para eka hI chatra hai| yakSa-yakSI ghuTanoM taka haiM, sarpakuNDalI tathA makaratoraNa bhI aMkita haiN| _ 'jvAlAmAlinI basadi' eka alaga hI mandira hai / usameM gyArahavIM sadI kI yakSI lagabhaga do phuTa U~cI hai| vaha samabhaMga mudrA meM hai| usake ATha hAtha citrita haiN| isa mandira meM bhI khaNDita caubIsI aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga tathA padmAsana mUrtiyA~ haiN| ye bhI 14vIM aura 15vIM sadI kI haiN| bhaTakala (Bhatkal) yaha sthAna gerusoppA se thor3I hI dUra para samudra ke kinAre sthita hai / kisI samaya yahA~ motiyoM kA vyApAra hotA thaa| isa kAraNa ise 'motI bhaTakala' bhI kahate the / yahA~ 'jaTappA nAyakana candranAthezvara basadi' hai| usake sAmane mAnastambha hai| mandira kI adhikAMza chata DhaluA hai| hADuvalli (Haduvalli) yaha sthAna bhaTakala tAluka meM hai| isakA prAcIna nAma saMgItapura thA / yaha taulavadeza ke antargata AtA hai| kisI samaya samRddha isa nagara kA rAjA sAluvendra jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usake samaya meM jaina dharma kI khUba unnati huii| vaha candraprabha kA bhakta thaa| usane 1488 I. meM
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________________ kAravAr3a jile ke anya jaina-sthala | 115 apane jaina mantrI ko eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thA / mantrI padmaNNA ne bhI 1499 I. meM padmAkarapura meM pArzvanAtha kA eka mandira nirmANa karAyA thaa| yahA~ kI 'caubIsA basadi' dhvasta avasthA meM hai| yaha jhAr3iyoM se ghirI huI hai| kintu yahA~ kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI lagabhaga do phuTa U~cI kAMsya kI trikAla caubIsI AkarSaka hai / usa para bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke kula 72 tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| yahA~ prakRti kA dRzya bhI bar3A suhAvanA hai| harI-bharI pahAr3iyA~ mana moha letI haiN| isI basadi meM ghor3e para savAra brahma yakSa kI mUrti hai| ghor3e kA eka paira siMha para AkrAmaka mudrA meM hai| lalitAsana meM kamala para virAjamAna sarasvatI (?) kI mUrti bhI hai| devI ke hAtha meM pustaka hai| yakSa aura sarasvatI donoM hI khaNDita haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ 14-15vIM sadI kI haiN| isa sthAna kI candranAtha basadi meM lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI candraprabha kI saMgamaramara kI 13vIM sadI kI ardhapadmAsana meM mUrti hai| eka anya candraprabha mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| pArzvanAtha kI 4 phuTa U~cI pratimA (15vIM sadI) tathA kAMsya kI eka paMcatIthikA (eka hI phalaka para pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~) bhI hai jisake mUlanAyaka 'zaMkha' lAMchana ke AdhAra para tIrthaMkara neminAtha jAna par3ate haiM / yaha pratimA ATha iMca U~cI tathA terahavIM sadI kI hai| hADuvalli meM eka aura 'candranAtha basadi' hai / usameM kAyotsarga mudrA meM lagabhaga chaha phuTa U~cI candraprabha kI pratimA ke sAtha yakSa evaM yakSI (jvAlAmAlinI), chatratrayI aura kIrtimukha sahita makara-toraNa kA aMkana hai| pandrahavIM zatI kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti khaNDita hai| yahA~ 14-15vIM sadI kA eka vIragala (vIra-smAraka) bhI hai, jisameM yaha varNana hai ki kisa prakAra isa vIra ne yuddha kiyaa| usameM vIra jaTTiga ko ghor3e para savAra dikhAyA gayA hai| yahA~ do tIna vIragala aura bhI haiN| mandira isa samaya dhvasta avasthA meM hai| __sthAnIya pArzvanAtha basadi meM eka nAgapaTTa para do nAga Apasa meM guMthe dikhAe gae haiN| unake donoM ora bhI eka-eka nAga hai| isI prakAra eka stambha para nAga ke citraNa se eka AkarSaNa DijAina bana gaI hai| ye aMkana 15vIM sadI ke haiN| yahA~ haripITha meM saMgamaramara kI 24 tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiN| muraDezvara (Murdeshwar) bhaTakala tAluka ke isa sthAna para pArzva basadi meM 14vIM sadI kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM cAra phuTa U~cI pratimA hai / usa para chatratrayI hai aura nau phaNoM kI chAyA hai| dharaNendra aura padmAvatI (ghuTanoM taka), ca~varadhArI aura makara-toraNa bhI haiN| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI eka sAr3he cAra phuTa U~cI, 1539 I. kI padmAsana mUrti bhI hai| yahA~ eka satI kA smAraka bhI hai / padmAvatI kI khaNDita mUrti bhI isa basadi meM hai| yahA~ eka AkarSaka nAgaphalaka bhI hai jisameM tIna nAga Apasa meM guMthe dikhAe gae haiN| bolagi (zvetapura) (Bilagi) siddhApura tAluka ke isa sthAna kI 'ratnatraya basadi' prAcIna hai| usakA nirmANa 1570 I.
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________________ 116 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) meM prArambha huA thaa| yahA~ aneka AcArya zravaNabelagola paramparA ke hue haiN| unameM se AcArya vijayakIrti prathama kI preraNA se bhaTakala nagara kA nirmANa huA thaa| uparyukta basadi meM adhikAMza pratimAe~ 15vIM sadI kI haiN| makara-toraNa se maNDita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| usake sAtha yakSa-yakSI aMkita haiN| inhIM tIrthaMkara kI eka aura pA~ca phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti yakSa-yakSI, makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha sahita hai| 15vIM sadI kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI mahAvIra svAmI kI kAyotsarga pratimA kamalAsana para virAjamAna hai / AdinAtha kI padmAsana pratimA ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI, toraNa aura kIrtimukha ke sAtha 'gajakesarI' kA aMkana AkarSaka hai| stambhoM ke Upara aMkita gajakesarI ke mukha se jala ke phavvAre chUTa rahe haiN| dharaNendra kI adbhuta mUrti ke aMkana meM dekhane lAyaka haiM-U~cA mukaTa, tIna hAthoM meM sarpa aura dhotI kI sundara spaSTa silvtt| padmAvatI ke hAthoM meM bhI kamala kI kaliyA~ dikhAI gaI haiN| yahA~ kucha khaNDita mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| mandira kA zikhara besara zailI kA hai| guNDabala (Gundbala) honnavara tAluka ke isa sthAna meM gyArahavIM sadI kI 'ratnatraya basadi' hai| isameM 10vIM aura 11vIM sadI kI adhikAMza pratimAe~ haiM / gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI sAr3he pA~ca phuTa U~cI, ulaTe kamalAsana para sthita (citra kramAMka 52) tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI eka pratimA para kandhoM taka jaTA pradarzita haiN| eka caubIsI hai jisake mUlanAyaka kA lAMchana nahIM hai| tIna-chatra, yakSa-yakSI (ghuTanoM ke pIche ) tathA do paMktiyoM meM zeSa tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| yahA~ 'sUrastha basadi' nAmaka eka mandira aura hai| usameM bhI eka caubIsI hai jisake mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara AdinAtha haiN| isake pradakSiNA-patha meM dasavIM sadI kI tIna khaDgAsana tIrthaMkaramUrtiyA~ haiM jina para makara-toraNa hai| isI sadI kI eka pArzvanAtha kI pratimA bhI hai jisa para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai| yaha sAr3he pA~ca phuTa U~cI hai (citra kra. 53) / yahA~ gaNeza aura brahmayakSa kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| dasavIM sadI kI hI padmAvatI aura dharaNendra kI pratimAe~ bhI yahA~ haiM / isI zatAbdI kI sarasvatI kI eka sundara pratimA lalitAsana meM hai| usake U~ce mukuTa meM eka laghu tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / yaha lagabhaga DhAI phuTa kI hai| manako (Manki) honnavara tAluka ke hI isa sthAna para eka 'zAntinAtha basadi' hai| pratimA bArahavIM sadI kI aura lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI hai / zAntinAtha khaDgAsana meM haiM, ghuTanoM taka ca~varadhArI aMkita haiM aura makara-toraNa bhI hai| isa mandira ke eka stambha ke cAroM ora rAmAyaNa kI kahAnI utkIrNa hai| usa para kItimukha hai, kannar3a meM chaha paMktiyoM kA eka lekha hai aura anya AkarSaka DijAina haiN| pandrahavIM sadI ke isa stambha kI U~cAI sAta phaTa hai (dekheM citra kra. 54) /
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________________ humacA | 117 vaigalli (vaigalli) ___yaha sthAna kumuTa tAluka meM hai| yahA~ bhI 'pArzvanAtha basadi' hai| usakI caubIsI aura eka smAraka phalaka khaNDita haiM / lekha miTa-sA gayA hai| kumuTa (Kumut) yahA~ kA 'pArzvanAtha devAlaya' bArahavIM zatAbdI yA isase bhI prAcIna hai| isameM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA mUlasaMgha ke sUrasthagaNa citrakUTagaccha ke zrI mukundadeva ne kI thii| yahA~ samAdhimaraNa karane vAloM meM pramukha haiM-muni nAgacandra, zrAvaka sAvivedda tathA zrAvikA kNcldevii| humacA uttara bhArata meM rAjasthAna ke do atizaya kSetra prasiddha haiN| eka hai dillI-koTA-bambaI relave lAina para zrI mahAvIrajI aura dUsarA hai alavara jile kA tijaaraa| donoM hI atyadhika saMkhyA meM (vizeSakara uttara bhArata ke) yAtriyoM ko AkarSita karate haiN| yadi koI yaha pUche ki karnATaka meM bhI kyA koI aisA atizaya kSetra hai ? to usakA uttara hogA-hA~, humacA hai| yahA~ kI padmAvatI devI ke atizaya ke kAraNa yahA~ bar3I cahala-pahala rahatI hai aura pratidina saiMkar3oM kI saMkhyA meM yAtrI Ate haiN| isa sthAna ke nAma kA vAstavika uccAraNa huMcA (Humcha) hai / avasthiti evaM mArga sar3aka-mArga dvArA humacA tIna sthAnoM se sIdhe pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| sAgara se Anandapuram, ripanapeTa hote hue humacA kula 64 ki. mI. (rAste meM choTI pahAr3iyA~, ghATiyA~ aura kucha bhAga vana), dakSiNa meM tIrthahallI se yaha 29 ki. mI. aura zimogA se lagabhaga 60 ki. mI. hai| yahA~ dakSiNa relave ke birUra-tAlagappA mArga para sthita Anandapuram aura arasAlu(Arasalu) nAmaka do relave sTezanoM se pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| Anandapuram se basa dvArA humacA ke lie lagabhaga 40 kilomITara kI yAtrA karanI hotI hai| arasAlu se bhI basa dvArA lagabhaga 23 ki. mI. yAtrA kara vahA~ pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| sAgara se mUDabidrI Adi kI minI baseM aura bar3I baseM donoM hI humacA AtI haiN| minI baseM maTha ke cauka ke andara taka A jAtI haiN| isa atizaya kSetra kA itihAsa lagabhaga 1300 varSa purAnA hai| prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM isake nAma ke aneka rUpAntara milate haiN| kanakapura zilAlekha meM yaha pomburcapura, paTTi pombuccA, pomburcA, pombuccA, hombucA nAmoM se abhihita hai| isa kSetra ko loga hombuja, hombujA, pombucca, hombucca, humacA evaM huMcA bhI kahate haiN| rAjya sarakAra dvArA svIkRta nAma huMcA hai|
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________________ 118 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) sthAnIya jaina maTha hombuja aura homvujA donoM nAmoM kA prayoga karatA hai| isa kSetra kA nAma honnu - pucca ina do zabdoM se banA hai| 'honnu' kA artha hai sonA aura 'pucca' se khadAna kA artha siddha hai| arthAt vaha sthAna jahA~ sone kI khadAna ho / vAstava meM yahA~ sone kI khadAna nahIM hai kintu isa sthAna kA sambandha atIta kAla kI usa ghaTanA se hai jisameM yahA~ ke rAjA jinadatta ko padmAvatI devI kI kRpA se lohe ko bhI sonA banAne kI zakti prApta huI thii| yahI honnupucca bigar3ate-bigar3ate hombuja yA huMcA ho gayA hai| malenADu janapada meM sthita yaha kSetra bilezvara pahAr3I kI talahaTI meM basA huA hai| eka atizaya-kSetra atizaya-kSetra ke rUpa meM isakI prasiddhi ke cAra kAraNa haiM-(1) kamaTha ka upasarga ke samaya pArzvanAtha kI rakSA karane vAlI yakSiNI padmAvatI (yahA~ ke loga padmAmbA bhI kahate haiM) kI mati, jo manautiyoM-vizeSakara mahilAoM ke saubhAgya kI rakSaka ke rUpa meM-dUra-dUra taka jainaajaina janatA meM sadiyoM se prasiddha hai, (2) yahA~ kA 'lakkI' (lokki) vRkSa jo sadA harA-bharA rahatA hai, (3) lagabhaga 1300 varSoM pUrva nirmita 'muttinakere' (motiyoM kA tAlAba) jo kabhI nahIM sUkhatA aura (4) tuMgabhadrA nadI kI sahAyaka kumudavatI nadI kA udgama-sthala jo kumudatIrtha kahalAtA hai| humacA meM sabase mahattvapUrNa atizaya padmAvatI (lokiyabbe) devI hai jisakA alaga mandira pArzvanAtha mandira ke samIpa hI sthita hai| yahA~ loga pUjA-arcanA kara manautiyA~ manAte haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki yadi kisI bhakta kA kArya siddha hone kI saMbhAvanA ho to devI ke dAhine bhAga se phUla giratA hai (yahA~ phUla car3hAe jAte haiM) / yaha kAryakrama yA silasilA yahA~ pratidina hara samaya calatA rahatA hai / bhaktoM kI bhIr3a lagI rahatI hai| loga basoM, kAroM va anya sabhI sAdhanoM se yahA~ pahu~cate haiN| kSetra kA rocaka ghaTanApUrNa itihAsa isa kSetra kA itihAsa eka rocaka kahAnI hai| lagabhaga 22 zilAlekha yahA~ ke mandiroM Adi kA itihAsa batAte haiM / yaha kahAnI yahA~ kI paMcakUTa basadi (paMcabastI) ke prAMgaNa ke eka pASANa (1077 I. ke eka bahuta bar3e zilAlekha) para saMskRta tathA kannar3a meM khudI huI hai| lagabhaga 1680 I. meM kavi padmanAbha dvArA kannar3a meM racita 'jinadattarAyacaritre' meM bhI yahA~ ke sAntara rAjavaMza kI utpatti kI kathA varNita hai| isa kAvya kA dUsarA nAma 'padmAvatIcaritre' yA 'ammanavaracaritre' bhI hai| kathA romAMcakArI ghaTanAoM se bharapUra hai| sUrasena deza meM, uttara mathurA nAma kI nagarI meM, rAha nAma kA eka rAjA huA hai jo mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM, kurukSetra meM, lar3A thaa| usakI jIta para prasanna hokara nArAyaNa ne use eka zaMkha aura vAnara-dhvaja diyA thaa| vaha mathurA-bhujaMga ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| usakA janma ugravaMza meM huA thA (bhagavAna pArzvanAtha bhI isI vaMza ke the)| usakI kaI pIr3hiyoM ke bAda, isa vaMza meM sahakAra nAmaka rAjA huA / usakI paTarAnI kA nAma zriyAdevI thaa| ve donoM jinabhakta the|
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________________ humacA | 119 muni siddhAntakoti ke bhI ve bhakta the| unake tIna putriyA~ huIM kintu koI putra nahIM thaa| rAnI isa kAraNa cintita rahatI thii| manirAja se pUchane para unhoMne batAyA ki padmAvatI devI kI kRpA se unheM zIghra hI putraratna kI prApti hogii| garbhAvasthA meM rAnI ne svapna meM haMsI pakSI ke eka zizu ko samUha se bichur3akara eka anya tAlAba meM praveza karate dekhA / phala pUchane para munirAja ne batAyA ki rAnI eka tattvajJAnI putra ko janma degI kintu vaha jaba solaha varSa kA hogA taba usa para vipatti AegI aura vaha kisI dUsare nagara meM jAkara rahane lgegaa| samaya Ane para rAnI ne eka putra ko janma diyA jisakA nAma jinadatta rakhA gyaa| (yahI bAlaka Age calakara dakSiNa meM hummaca ke sAntara rAjavaMza kA mUla puruSa huaa|) kucha samaya pazcAt rAjA ko sUcanA milI ki usake sImA-pradeza ke logoM ne kara, bheMTa Adi denA banda kara diyA hai| yaha suna rAjA una logoM ko daNDita karane ke lie rAjadhAnI se claa| jAte samaya usane munirAja kI vandanA kI / muni siddhAntakIti ne use batAyA ki vijaya to usakI hogI kintu kula ke lie eka bAdhA hai, usase sAvadhAna rahanA hogaa| kintu vApasa lauTate samaya rAjA padminI jAti kI eka atyanta sundara vyAdhakanyA para Asakta ho gyaa| mantrI ke samajhAne ke bAvajUda bhI, vaha usase vivAha kI haTha kara baiThA / Akhira mantrI ne zabara ko bulAkara apanI kanyA se rAjA kA vivAha kara dene kA Agraha kiyaa| vRddha zabara ne pahale to yahI vicArA ki rAjA kA hInakula kI kanyA para prema caMcala hai| kintu jaba rAjA ne apanA Agraha doharAyA to usa bhIla ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA, "merI putrI se utpanna putra ko Apa vahI prema aura sammAna deMge jo ki eka aurasa putra ko milatA hai|" rAjA ne isa para yaha pratijJA kI ki zabarI se utpanna putra hI rAjA hogA aura usakA vacana asatya nahIM hogaa| donoM kA vivAha ho gyaa| rAjA sahakAra navavadhU ko apanI nagarI meM le AyA aura use eka alaga mahala meM rkhaa| rAnI zriyAdevI ko jaba isa bAta kA patA calA to usane bahuta vilApa kiyaa| jaba rAjA ne usake mukha se sunA ki "rAjA ne mere sAtha dhokhA kiyA hai, anyAya kiyA hai", to usane rAnI se kahA, "mere pUrvajanma ke duSkarma ne mujhase yaha pApa karavAyA hai| tuma dukhI mata hoo| maiM tumhAre hI putra ko rAjya sauMpakara alaga rhuuNgaa|" rAnI ne isa ghaTanA ko apane hI karma kA doSa mAnakara, eka munirAja ke sammukha dIkSA grahaNa karane kI icchA prakaTa kii| munivara ne use samajhAyA ki, "abhI tumhAre apane putra ko bar3A ho jAne do, usake bAda hI dIkSA lenaa|" idhara rAjA ne jinadatta ko yuvarAja pada de diyaa| rAnI ne bhI brahmacarya vrata dhAraNa kara liyaa| aba rAjA samasta rAjakArya bhulAkara zabarI rAnI ke sAtha jalakrIr3A, vanakrIr3A Adi nAnA krIr3Ae~ karate hue zabarI-mahala meM hI apanA sArA samaya bitAne lgaa| vaha kevala bhojana karane ke lie antaHpura meM AtA thaa| eka dina use zabarI rAnI ke sAtha zataraMja khelate-khelate saMdhyA ho gaI aura rAtri kA samaya nikaTa A gyaa| bhojana ke lie jaba jAne lagA to zabarI rAnI ne use roka liyA aura apane sAtha hI bhojana karane kA Agraha karane lgii| jaba rAjA taiyAra nahIM huA to usane rAjA se usakA bhojana hI dekhane ke lie khaa| use madya-mAMsa mizrita bhojana parosA gyaa| zabarI ne sevakoM ko vidA kiyA aura rAjA kA AliMgana kara use vaha
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________________ 120 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) bhojana khilAne lgii| rAjA ne usa dina ke bAda se bhojana ke lie antaHpura meM jAnA bhI chor3a diyaa| - eka dina rasoiye ko mAMsa nahIM milA to usane zUlI para car3hAe gae eka vyakti kA mAMsa pakAkara rAjA ko parosa diyaa| sahakAra ko vaha rucikara lgaa| usake pUchane para rasoiye ne Darate-Darate naramAMsa kI ghaTanA rAjA ko sunA dii| kSubdha na hokara rAjA ne pratidina isI prakAra kA mAMsa pakAkara parosane kA Adeza de diyaa| aba usa nagarI meM jo bhI nayA vyakti AtA usakA vadha kara, rAjA ko mAMsa khilAyA jAne lgaa| isase prajA meM bar3I khalabalI maca gaI, phusaphusAhaTa bar3hane lagI, asantoSa phailane lgaa| usase ghabarAkara rasoiye ne rAjA se kahA ki "aba maiM nara-mAMsa juTAne meM asamartha huuN| hA~, yadi kisI vyakti ko Apa hAtha meM nIbU dekara mere pAsa bhejeMge to maiM usa vyakti kA mAMsa pakA diyA kruuNgaa|" isa prakAra rAjA kA naramAMsa bhakSaNa bar3hatA hI gyaa| paristhiti ko dekhakara buddhimAna mahAmantrI ne rAjA sahakAra se jinadatta kA rAjyAbhiSeka karane kI anumati maaNgo| rAjA ne sahamati de dii| zabarI rAnI ko jaba yaha samAcAra milA to vaha rAjA sahakAra para vizvAsaghAta kA Aropa lagAkara prANa de dene kI dhamakI dene lgii| rAjA ne use batAyA ki usake pUtra mAridatta ko bhI usane alaga rAjya de diyA hai to bhI vaha nahIM maanii| usane rAjA se kahA, "jinadatta Apake lie bhI ghAtaka siddha hogaa|" usane isa bAta para jora diyA ki rAjA ke nara-mAMsa bhakSaNa se prajA asantuSTa ho cukI hai aura jinadatta ke sAtha milakara rAja-vidroha karane vAlI hai| rAjA ko zabarI kI yaha bAta a~ca gii| donoM ne milakara anta meM yaha yojanA banAI ki jinadatta ko hAtha meM nIMbU dekara pAkazAlA meM bhejA jaae| rAjA sahakAra aura zabarI rAnI kI yojanA ke anusAra, jinadatta ko hAtha meM nIbU dekara pAkazAlA bhejA gayA kintu rAste meM use zabarI kA putra mAridatta mila gyaa| usane bar3e bhAI se vaha nIbU le liyA aura svayaM hI pAkazAlA meM rasoiye ko nIbU dene ke lie calA gyaa| rAjA ke AdezAnusAra rasoiye ne mAridatta kA vadha kara DAlA aura usakA mA~sa sahakAra aura zabarI ke sAmane parosa diyaa| rAjA-rAnI ne bhojana ke samaya mAridatta kI anupasthiti kA kAraNa pUchA to rasoiye ne nIbU lekara Ae mAridatta sambandhI ghaTanA unheM batA dii| sahakAra aura zabarI ke krodha kI sImA nahIM rahI / unhoMne jinadatta ke vadha ke lie senA ko Adeza de diyaa| udhara zriyAdevI ne jaba yaha saMvAda sunA to vaha jinadatta ke prANoM kI rakSA ke lie cintita ho utthii| donoM mA~-beTe, AcArya siddhAntakIrti ke pAsa phuNce| guru ne jinadatta ko parAmarza diyA ki, "tuma azvazAlA ke usa ghor3e para, jo apanA dahinA paira uThAkara khar3A ho, savAra hokara dakSiNa dizA kI ora turanta cale jaao| aura hA~, padmAvatI devI kI yaha pratimA bhI sAtha lete jaao| jaba bhI senA tumhArA pIchA kare, use tuma yaha mUrti dikhA denA, tumhAre saba kaSTa dUra ho jaaeNge|" jinadatta mAtA se usI samaya vidA lekara azva para vahA~ se bhAga nikalA / pIchA karatI senA ko usane jaba padmAvatI kI pratimA dikhAI to senA ke loga mUcchita ho gaye aura use pakar3a nahIM ske| jinadatta sudUra dakSiNa meM (Aja ke humacA taka) A gyaa|
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________________ 47. gerusoppA (ji0 uttara kanArA)-caturmukha basadi meM sarvatobhadra pratimA /
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________________ 48. gerusoppA (ji0 uttara kanArA ) - jvAlAmAlinI basadi meM yakSI jvAlAmAlinI kI kAMsya mUrti; lagabhaga caudahavIM zatI /
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________________ dlit siddisi 44 49, THITI (fo 3 ART)-Tarafat aata # r iara; TATHAT Reat at I
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________________ 50. hADuballI (ji0 uttara kanArA)-caubIsI basa di meM trikAla-caubIsI kI kAMsya mUrti ; lagabhaga pandrahavIM shtii|
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________________ 51. bIlagi (ji0 uttara kanArA)-ratnatraya basadi kA bAhya dRzya ; besara zailI ke mandira kA udAharaNa / 52. guMDabala (ji0 uttara kanArA)-ratnatraya basadi meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI ardhapadmAsana mUrti ; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii|
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________________ 53. guMDabala (ji0 uttara kanArA)-sarastha basadi meM kAyotsarga Asana meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ; lagabhaga dasavIM shtii| 54. manakI (ji. uttara kanArA)-zAntinAtha basadi ke samIpa sthita sAta phITa U~ce stambha para rAmakathA ke dRzyoM kA aMkana /
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________________ 55. humacA (ji0 zimogA)--pArzvanAtha basa di kA sAmane kA dRzya / isake pIche zailotkIrNa zilpa sAtavIM zatI kA hai !
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________________ 56. humacA (ji0 zimogA ) - padmAvatI basadi : garbhagRha meM yakSI padmAvatI kI prasiddha mUrti / 57. humacA (ji0 zimogA) - bogAra basadi meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI parikara sahita AsIna mUrti lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI /
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________________ hamacA / 121 thakA-mA~dA jinadatta eka nirguNDi (lakkI/lokki) vRkSa para devI kI pratimA laTakAkara gaharI nidrA meM so gyaa| tabhI svapna meM use padmAvatI kA yaha sandeza sunAI par3A : "jinadatta tuma aba yahIM basa jAo, senA tumhArI ho jAegI, sthAnIya bhIla Adi tumhArI sahAyatA kreNge| merI isa mUrti se yadi tuma lohe kA sparza karA doge to vaha sonA bana jaaegaa| ataH yahIM apanI rAjadhAnI bnaao|" svapna kI divyavANI para jinadatta ko sahasA vizvAsa nahIM huaa| kintu jaba vaha mUrti ko lekara Age bar3hane kA prayatna karane lagA to mUrti vRkSa se hilI hI nahIM / aba use bhaviSyavANI para vizvAsa ho gyaa| isI bIca zatru-senA bhI 'jinadatta kI jaya' 'padmAvatI kI jaya' karatI huI usase mila gii| sthAnIya AdivAsiyoM ne bhI usakA svAgata kiyA aura sahayoga kiyaa| isa prakAra jinadatta ne mUrti ke sparza se prApta sone kI sahAyatA se naI rAjadhAnI kA nirmANa kiyA, padmAvatI kA evaM pArzvanAtha kA mandira banavAyA aura sukha se rAjya karane lgaa| usake guru siddhAntakIti aura mAtA zriyAdevI bhI vahA~ A gye| usakA vivAha bhI dakSiNa mathurA ke pAMDya rAjA kI putrI padminI aura isI rAjA ke bhAI vIra pAMDya kI kanyA manorAdhinI ke sAtha ho gyaa| kAlAntara meM apane kukRtya ke phalasvarUpa, uttara mathurA kA rAjA sahakAra aura zabarI rAnI bhI kAla ko prApta hue| vahA~ kI pIr3ita janatA ne jinadatta se zAsana sa~bhAlane kI prArthanA kii| jinadatta ne apane eka putra ko vahA~ kA zAsana sauMpa diyaa| zriyAdevI ne bhI pati kI mRtyu ke bAda AryikA kI dIkSA le lii| pomburcapura kA zAsana karate hue jaba jinadatta ko aneka varSa bIta gaye, taba padmAvatI devI ne usakI parIkSA lenI caahii| devI ne sthAnIya tAlAba (mUttina kere-motiyoM ke tAlAba) meM do motI utpanna kiye| unameM se eka to zuddha aura nirdoSa thA aura dUsarA kama camakadAra tathA doSapUrNa / karmacAriyoM se jaba ye motI rAjA ko mile to usane zuddha motI apanI patnI ko de diyA aura sadoSa motI padmAvatI devI ko bheMTa kara diyaa| dUsare dina jaba rAjA padmAmbA ke darzana karane gayA to vaha ThagA-sA raha gyaa| devI kI nAka meM usakI patnI kA zuddha motIvAlA nakaphUla camaka rahA thA / sahI sthiti kA patA calane para jinadatta ko bahuta pazcAttApa huA aura vaha devI ke samakSa gir3agir3Ane lgaa| use yaha divyavANI sunAI dI, "jinadatta, isameM tumhArA aparAdha nahIM hai| isameM doSa to kAla kA hai| tumhAre pitA ne bhI strI ke moha meM par3akara nara-mA~sa khAyA aura apane putra kA apratyakSa vadha karAyA / tuma bhI apanI patnI se vizeSa Asakta ho gaye ho / tumhArI vipatti ke samaya vaha kahA~ thI !" yaha suna jinadatta pazcAttApavaza rudana karane lgaa| taba devI ne phira kahA, "jinadatta, maiM yahA~ nahIM Thahara sktii| merI pArasamati (jisake sparza se lohe kA sonA bana jAtA thA ) aba rasavApI meM utara jAyegI / merI dUsarI pASANa-mUrti sthApita kro| vahI tumhArI aura bhaktoM kI rakSA kregii|" udAsa rAjA ke devI se yaha pUchane para ki devI kA sAnnidhya kaise prApta hogA, divyavANI sunAI dI ki "jaba taka (1) yaha lokkI vRkSa nahIM sUkhegA, (2) yahA~ ke sarovara meM pAnI rahegA, (3) kumudavatI kI dhArA bahatI rahegI tathA (4) merI dAhinI ora se manokAmanA-pUrti kI sUcaka puSpa-vRSTi hotI rahegI, taba taka merA sAnnidhya banA rhegaa|"
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________________ 122 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) jaba pArasa mUrti rasavApI meM utara gaI taba jinadatta ne holuvApI (kSIravApI) meM tairatI pASANa kI padmAvatI devI kI mUrti pratiSThApita kI / kucha samaya bAda usane apane putra jayakIrti ko rAjya dekara daigambarI dIkSA le lI / humacA kI paMcabasadi ke A~gana meM 1077 I. kA jo zilAlekha hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki jinadatta ne siMharatha nAma ke asura ko mArA thA isalie jakkiyabbe (devI) prasanna huI aura usane jinadatta ko siMha kA lAMchana (cihna) diyA / andhakAsura nAma ke asura ko mArakara usane andhAsura nAma kA nagara basAyA / kanakapura meM Akara usane kanakAsura kA vadha kiyA tathA kunda ke qile meM rahanevAle kara aura karadUSaNa ko bhagA dene se padmAvatI devI prasanna huI aura prasanna hokara usane vahA~ (kanakapura meM) eka lokki vRkSa para vAsa karanA zurU kiyA tathA lokiyabbe kA nAma dhAraNa kara usake lie eka rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM zahara basA diyA / jinadatta kA samaya lagabhaga 800 I. anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| usane sAntAligehajAra pradeza para adhikAra karake 'sAntara rAjavaMza' kI nIMva DAlI / usake uttarAdhikArI 1172 I. taka jaina dharma ke ArAdhaka bane rahe / svayaM jinadatta ne 'jinapAdArAdhaka' (jinendra ke caraNoM kI pUjA karane vAlA), 'padmAvatI - labdhavaraprasAda' Adi upAdhiyA~ dhAraNa kI thIM / padmAvatI devI usakI kuladevI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huI / isa devI kI pratiSThA Aja bhI, lagabhaga 1300 varSoM ke bAda bhI vRddhi para hI hai / humacA kA sAntara rAjavaMza paricaya zilAlekhoM se jaina dharmAvalambI jinadattarAya dvArA isa sthAna para jisa sAntara rAjavaMza kI sthApanA 800 I. ke lagabhaga kI gaI thI, usa vaMza ne lagabhaga 400 varSoM taka rAjya kiyaa| jaina dharma kI pragati ke lie, use eka sudRr3ha AdhAra dene ke lie, jinamandiroM Adi ke nirmANa meM vaha apane dravya kA sadupayoga karatA rahA / antima varSoM meM inakI rAjadhAnI kArakala ho gaI thI / antima nareza bhI vIrazaiva ho gayA thA / yahA~ saMkSepa meM, isa vaMza dvArA nirmita jinAlayoM kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai yahA~ kI prAcInatama jaina vasadi kA nAma 'pAliyakka' thA aura usakA nirmANa 878 I. ke lagabhaga huA thA / pArzvanAtha basadi kI pazcimI dIvAla para utkIrNa zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki tolApuruSa vikrama sAntara kI patnI pAliyakka ne yaha basadi apanI mAtA kI smRti meM 'pASANa vasadi' ke rUpa meM banavAI thI ( sambhavataH pahale kASTha ke mandira banate the) / eka anya lekha meM ullekha hai ki 897 I. meM isI vikrama nareza ne maunisiddhAnta bhaTTAraka ke lie eka 'pASANa basadi' banavAI thii| isa rAjA ne 'dAnavinoda' Adi upAdhiyA~ dhAraNa kI thiiN| yaha lekha' guhRda basadi ' kI bAharI dIvAla para hai / isI sthAna kI 'sULe' ( suLe - vezyA) basadi ke sAmane ke pASANa para 1062 I. ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki jinapAdArAdhaka trailokyamalla vIra sAntaradeva mAntalige ke rAjyakAla meM 'paTTaNasAmi jinAlaya' ko molakere gA~va dAna meM milA thA / dAnI paTTaNAmi seTTi ne pratimA ko ratnoM se mar3ha diyA thA / usake pAsa sonA, cA~dI, mUMgA Adi ratnoM kI evaM
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________________ humacA | 123 paMcadhAtu kI pratimAe~ thiiN| pArzva basadi ke mukhamaMDapa ke dakSiNa stambha para 1062 I. kA hI eka lekha hai jisake anusAra isa rAjA ne apane nagara meM bahuta-se jinamandira banavAye the| usakI patnI ne nokiyabbe basadi ke sAmane makara-toraNa aura balligAvi meM cAgezvara nAma kA mandira banavAyA thA aura vaha dAnavatI ke rUpa meM prasiddha huI thii| candraprabha basadi ko bAharI dIvAla para zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki bhujabala sAntaradeva zAntalige ne apanI rAjadhAnI pomburca meM 'bhujabala sAntara jinAlaya' ke lie 1065 I. meM apane guru kanakanandI ko haravari grAma dAna meM diyA thaa| 'sULe basadi' ke sAmane mAnastambha para 1077 I. kA hI yaha zilAlekha hai ki vIra sAntara ke jyeSTha putra tailapadeva ne, jo bhujabala sAntara ke nAma se bhI prasiddha thA, paTTaNasAmi dvArA nirmita tIrtha basadi ke lie bIjakan vayaL kA dhana diyA thaa| paMcabasadi ke A~gana ke eka pASANa para 1077 I. kA eka bahuta bar3A zilAlekha hai jisameM isa vaMza kI vaMzAvalI dI hai| usameM ullekha hai ki jaba nannisAntara rAjya kara rahA thA, taba usakI mausI caTTaladevI Adi ne paMcakUTa basadi kA nirmANa prArambha kraayaa| usakI nIMva paNDita zreyAMsa ne rakhI thii| isa avasara para aneka prakAra ke dAna diye gae the| yaha basadi 'urvItilaka' bhI kahalAtI hai| uparyukta nareza ke anuja ne 1087 I. meM 'paMcakUTa basadi' ke lie apane guru vAdIbhasiMha ko dAna bheTa dI thii| 'kSatracUDAmaNi' aura 'gadhacintAmaNi' nAmaka grantha inhIM kI racanAe~ haiN| san 1103 meM caTTaladevI kI preraNA se 'paMva basadi' ke sAmane eka aura basadi kI nIMva rakhI gaI thii| isa dharmaparAyaNA mahila kI gayI hai / vaha pallavanareza kaDuveTTi kI rAnI thI kintu zAyada vaidhavya ke kAraNa apane sAntara parivAra meM vApasa A gaI thii| vikrama sAntara dvitIya ne 1147 I. meM apanI bahina paMpAdevI ke sahayoga se paMcabasadi meM uttarIya paTTazAlA kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha zilAlekha humacA meM toraNa vAgila ke uttara kI ora ke stambha para hai| usameM likhA hai ki pomburca ke sAntara rAjA zrIvallabha apara nAma vikrama sAntara kI bar3I bahina paMpAdevI bar3I jinabhakta thii| usane eka hI mahIne meM urvItilaka basadi ke sAtha-sAtha zAsana-devatA sthApita karAyA thaa| paMpAdevI se attimabbe ke samAna udAra vAcaladevI kA janma huaa| isa jinabhaktA ne ponna ke 'zAntipUrANa' kI eka hajAra pratiyA~ apane kharca se likhavAIM aura sone tathA rannoM kI 1500 jina-pratimAe~ banavAI thiiN| lekha ke anusAra paMpAdevI, zrIvallabha tathA vAcaladevI ne 'paMca basadi' kI uttarIya paTTazAlA banavAkara vAsupUjya siddhAntadeva ke pAda-prakSAlanapUrvaka dAna diyA thaa| padmAvatI mandira ke prAMgaNa meM dAe~ hAtha ke stambha para 1268 I. ke lekha meM kahA gayA hai ki dhanika jakapa ke putroM ne bahuzobhAyukta caTTalA-maNDapa banavAyA aura likhavAyA ki 'jaina zAsana cirakAla taka bddh'e| isakA pracAra karane vAloM meM saddharma, bala, Ayu, Arogya aura aizvarya kI abhivRddhi ho|'
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________________ 124 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) AcArya - paramparA jaina AcAryoM kI paramparA kI dRSTi se bhI yahA~ ke zilAlekha bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM / toraNa bAgila ke dakSiNI stambha para 1077 I. ke eka zilAlekha se yaha paramparA jAnakArI ke lie udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kI jAtI hai : vardhamAna svAmI ke tIrtha meM gautama gaNadhara hue / unake pazcAt bahuta se trikAlajJa muniyoM ke hone ke bAda, kramazaH koNDakundAcArya, zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu, bahuta se AcAryoM ke vyatIta hone ke bAda samantabhadra svAmI, siMhanaMdyAcArya, akalaMkadeva, kanakasenadeva (jo vAdirAja nAma se bhI prasiddha the), oDeyadeva (zrI vijayadeva), dayApAla, puSpasena, siddhAntadeva, vAdirAjadeva ( ' SaT - tarkaSaNmukha' tathA 'jagadekamalla - vAdi' nAma se bhI prasiddha ), kamalabhadradeva, ajitasenadeva hue / ajitasenadeva ke sahadharmI zabda- caturmukha tArkika cakravartI vAdIbhasiMha hue| unake bAda kumArasenadeva munIndra aura unake bAda zreyAMsadeva -yahA~ nAmAvalI samApta hotI hai / jaina maTha yahA~ kA jaina maTha atyanta prAcIna hai / maTha ke sabhI bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti kahalAte haiM / yaha saMsthA hI isa kSetra kI rakSA aura saMvardhanA karatI rahatI hai / maTha kI sthApanA kundakundAnvaya ke nandisaMgha (mUla saMgha ? ) dvArA kI gaI thii| isake pramukha AcArya haiM - AcArya samantabhadra, vidyAnanda, vizAlakIrti aura muni nemicandra / jaina maTha ke vartamAna bhaTTAraka haiM svastizrI paTTAcArya devendrakIrti svAmIjI / ve eka yuvA bhaTTAraka haiM / unhoMne gaNita meM bI- esa. sI. aura darzanazAstra meM ema. e. upAdhiyA~ prApta kI haiN| unakA paTTAbhiSeka 1971 I. meM huA thaa| thor3e hI samaya meM unakI preraNA se yahA~ mahAvIra bhavana, devendra bhavana, kundakunda vidyApITha bhavana, bhojanAlaya, DAka-tAra bhavana, siddhAnta bhavana, citrabhavana, padmayyA bhavana, cA~dI kA ratha, maTha kA jIrNoddhAra Adi nirmANakArya sampanna hue haiM / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI 21 phITa U~cI saMgamaramara kI pratimA bhI ApakI preraNA kA phala hai / bhaTTArakajI ne aneka dezoM meM jaina dharma kA pratinidhitva kiyA hai / ve AThadasa bAra videza yAtrA kara cuke haiN| a~grejI para ApakA acchA adhikAra hai / jaina maTha ke adhIna 36 mandira haiM / pA~ca tIrthoM - humacA, varaMga, kundAdri, kArakala Adi kA saMcAlana yahIM se hotA hai / kSetra-darzana isa atizaya kSetra kA darzana yadi eka krama se kiyA jAe to ucita hogA / yahA~ kramabaddha yAtrA karAne kA prayatna kiyA jAegA / humacA kSetra ke parisara meM praveza karate hI 'mahAvIra bhavana' nAma kA eka do maMz2ilA Adhunika bhavana hai / usake cAroM ora chatarI meM tathA chajje meM bhI bAhubalI haiM / yahA~ ke haoNla meM pANDuka zilA para kamalAsana para bhagavAna mahAvIra kI cAra phITa U~cI pratimA hai / isa bhavana meM hindI, a~grejI, marAThI, tamila aura kannaDa granthoM kA saMgraha kiyA jA rahA hai / yahA~
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________________ macA / 125 lagabhaga 1500 tADapatrIya grantha haiM / varaMga maTha meM bhI isa prakAra ke zAstra haiM / isa bhavana meM pravacana kI bhI vyavasthA hai / isa bhavana ke pIche padmAmbA TrasTa maisUra kA do maMjilA bhavana hai jahA~ rathotsava ke samaya yAtriyoM ko 6 dina taka niHzulka Thaharane aura bhojana kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai / uparyukta bhavana ke pAsa hI 'ratha- ghara' hai / usameM sundara DhaMga se utkIrNa lagabhaga 15 phITa U~cA lakar3I kA ratha hai / cA~dI kA karIba dasa phITa U~cA eka aura ratha bhI yahA~ hai / uparyukta rathoM kA prayoga rathotsava ke samaya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha utsava mUla nakSatra ( mArca mAsa) meM 6 dinoM taka hotA hai / isa samaya padmAvatI devI kA julUsa 6 dinoM taka pUre gA~va meM nikAlA jAtA hai| devI ke vAhana isa prakAra hote haiM- eka dina siMhavAhana, dUsare dina sarpavAhana, gajavAhana aura visarjana ke dina cA~dI kI pAlakI / isa utsava ke avasara para sAhitya sammelana, dharma sammelana Adi Ayojita kiye jAte haiM / utsava meM lagabhaga dasa haz2Ara jaina-ajaina bhAga lete haiM / lakkI marA - padmAvatI mandira ke pIche, yahA~ eka 'lakkI marA' hai / 'lakkI' vRkSa kA nAma hai / ise saMskRta meM nirguNDi kahate haiM / kannar3a meM 'marA' kA artha hotA hai vRkSa / lakkI vRkSa ko 'kari lakkI' bhI kahate haiN| batAyA jAtA hai ki yaha kabhI nahIM sUkhatA, sadA harA-bharA rahatA hai| isakI jar3a padmAvatI devI kI pratimA ke Asana ke nIce batAI jAtI hai / yaha cAroM ora se kucha U~cI pakkI dIvAla se ghirA huA hai| isake tIna ora aMkana hai / eka nAgaphalaka hai / ghor3e para jinadattarAya aMkita haiM / padmAvatI evaM pArzvanAtha bhI aMkita haiN| bhakta loga isa vRkSa kI pUjA karate haiM aura nIce girI paMttiyA~ le jAte haiM / sarpa daMza ke lie bhI isakI mantrita pattiyoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai / _makkala basadi (makkala - bAlaka) -- isa nAma kA eka choTA-sA mandira yahA~ kI dharmazAlA meM hai / zilAnirmita isa maMdira meM cAra phITa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI sAtaphaNoM se 'yukta pratimA hai / yakSa-yakSa evaM mastaka se Upara taka ca~varadhArI bhI aMkita haiN| bAhara eka kulikA meM kSetrapAla bhI haiM / purAnI dharmazAlA eka maMz2ilA hai / usameM tIsa kamare haiM, bijalI-pAnI kI vyavasthA hai / kucha bar3e kamaroM meM pUrI basa ke yAtriyoM ke lie bhI prabaMdha kiyA jAtA hai / yahIM pAsa meM viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke lie atithigRha bhI hai / isI ke pIche padmAmbA prauDha -zAlA hai jisameM sAtavIM se gyArahavIM taka kI kakSAe~ lagatI haiM / eka naI dharmazAlA purAnI dharmazAlA ke pIche banAI gaI hai / vaha tIna maMz2ila hai / usameM snAnAgAra yukta 36 kamare haiM / isa dharmazAlA meM cAra bistaroM vAle snAnAgArayukta cAra bar3e kamare bhI haiN| yaha dharmazAlA maTha se lagI huI hai / naI dharmazAlA aura pArzvanAtha basadi ke bIca meM patthara jar3A vizAla prAMgaNa hai / usake bAda hI hombuja jaina maTha hai / isa prAcIna vizAla maTha meM 18 iMca moTe lakar3I ke stambha haiM, jinake UparI bhAga meM sUkSma nakkAzI hai / tabhI lakar3I kI hai / maTha meM Upara bhaTTAraka - nivAsa hai aura nIce kI maMz2ila meM maTha kA kAryAlaya / maTha meM hI eka vizAla bhojanazAlA hai jisameM sau-do sau vyakti eka sAtha bhojana kara sakate haiN|
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________________ 126 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) yahA~ yAtriyoM ko ni:zulka bhojana karAyA jAtA hai| yAtrI bhaMDAra meM dAna de dete haiN| Thaharane kI vyavasthA bhI niHzulka hai| maTha kI gauzAlA aura khetI bhI hai| maTha ke bIcoMbIca neminAtha mandira hai| pratimA zveta saMgamaramara kI padmAsana meM hai| pravezadvAra para lagabhaga 5 phITa U~ce kASTha-nimita dvArapAla haiN| isI prakAra mandira ke pravezadvAra para kASTha ke hI pA~ca phITa U~ce yakSa-yakSI bhI haiN| yahA~ 10vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI kI pratimAe~ pArzvanAtha Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI tathA aSTadhAtu kI padmAvatI evaM sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| isa basadi meM eka phuTa U~cI aSTadhAtu kI candraprabha kI khaDgAsana pratimA bhI hai| _ 'siddhAnta basadi' meM kucha darzanIya vizeSa pratimAe~ bhI haiM jinake darzana kI alaga se vyavasthA hai| tIrthayAtrI jaba isa kSetra ke ahAte meM praveza karatA hai to use eka bar3A AhAtA dikhAI par3atA hai| sAmane lambI-lambI aneka sIr3hiyA~ tathA mAnastambha dikhAI dete haiN| isI ahAte meM haiM 'pArzvanAtha basadi' aura 'padmAvatI mndir'| eka hI A~gana meM tIrthaMkara aura yakSiNI ke alaga-alaga mandira yAtriyoM ko sabase adhika AkRSTa karate haiN| yahA~ prAyaH melA lagA rahatA hai| vizeSakara dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina-jainetaroM kA yahA~ tA~tA lagA rahatA hai| loga basoM, kAroM meM bharakara Ate haiM aura pUjana-manautI Adi ke bAda apane sthAnoM ko lauTa jAte haiM / yahA~ uttara bhArata ke mahAvIrajI aura atizaya kSetra tijArA jaisA vAtAvaraNa upasthita hotA hai| vaise yahA~ pA~ca-chaha jaina parivAra hI haiM, unakI sthiti acchI nahIM hai, ve kRSi para nirbhara karate haiM / kintu yAtriyoM ke kAraNa kSetra meM vizeSa cahala-pahala rahatI hai| pArzva basadi- yaha isa sthAna kA sambhavataH sabase prAcIna mandira (citra kra. 55) hai / yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki yahA~ IsvI san 950, 1062 tathA 1256 ke zilAlekha haiM / mandira domaMjilA hai| Upara kI maMz2ila meM tIrthaMkara anantanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI tIna mUrtiyA~ haiM / isake stambha aura toraNa grenAiTa pASANa ke haiN| garbhagRha meM bIca meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA lagabhaga pA~ca phITa U~cI hai, usa para chatratrayI saptaphaNAvalI aura mastaka se Upara taka ca~varadhArI haiN| pArzvanAtha pratimA ke AsapAsa (donoM ora) anya tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiN| garbhagRha se Age, kucha bar3e maNDapa ke pravezadvAra ke eka ora kAMsya kA nandIzvaradvIpa hai jisakI cAroM dizAoM meM se pratyeka dizA meM tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ prardAzata haiN| dUsarI ora kortimukha sahita stambhayukta cApa ke nIce padmAsana meM lagabhaga cAra phITa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA hai / citraNa chatratrayI aura saptaphaNa sahita hai| ina donoM ke pAsa arthAt maNDapa ke dAe~ aura bAe~ chora para kamalAsana para lagabhaga sAta phITa U~co kAle pASANa kI pArzvanAtha kI, sambhavataH sAtavIM sadI kI, bahuta manohArI pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| unake donoM ora kamaTha ke upasarga ke dRzya utkIrNa haiN| mUrti para chatra eka hI hai aura sAtaphaNoM kI chAyA hai| eka ora kamaTha upasarga kara rahA hai aura dUsarI ora usakI ptnii| sabase Upara kamaTha ko bhagavAna para zilA pheMkate hue dikhAyA gayA hai to usakI patnI ko charikA jaisI vasta liye he| usake nIce kamaTha tIra-kamAna kA prayoga kara rahA hai to usakI patnI ke hAtha meM talavAra hai / usase bhI nIce inhoMne siMha kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura siMha ke nIce donoM ne pramatta hAthI kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hai| bhagavAna para kamaTha ne ghanaghora
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________________ humacA | 127 varSA aura oloM kI vRSTi bhI kI thii| bhayaMkara varSA ke kAraNa jaba bhagavAna kA zarIra nAka se se bhI Upara taka pAnI meM DUbane ko huA, taba dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kA Asana kampAyamAna huaa| apane pUrvajanma (nAga-nAgina) ke rakSaka pArzvanAtha para upasarga jAna ve turanta dauDe aae| dharaNendra ne bhagavAna para phaNoM kI chAyA kI aura padmAvatI ne chatra se pArzvanAtha ko Dhaka liyaa| isa phaNa aura chatra kA citraNa bhI isI pratimA ke sAtha hai| jaba kamaTha aura usakI patnI ko apane upasarga bekAra jAte dikhe to unheM jJAna huA ki ve tIrthaMkara para upasarga karake ghora pApa kara rahe haiN| ve pachatAe aura hAtha jor3akara unhoMne bhagavAna se kSamA maaNgii| unheM yahA~ kSamA mAMgate hue aura bhaktipUrvaka namana karate citrita kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke sAtha isa prakAra kA aMkana bahuta hI kama milatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha aMkana darzaka ko yAda rahatA hai| yahIM para gyArahavIM sadI kI ambikA yA kUSmANDinI devI (neminAtha kI yakSI) kI mUrti bhI lagabhaga tIna phITa U~cI hai| pradakSiNA-patha meM siMha kA khaMDita aMkana bhI prAcIna jAna par3atA hai| pArzvanAtha-pratimA se Age ke maNDapa meM lakar3I ke 6 phITa U~ce do dvArapAla donoM ora haiN| paMcazAkhA prakAra kA sundara dvAra bhI hai| mandira U~ce cabUtare para hai| praveza ke lie sIr3hiyA~ haiM aura mandira ke sAmane balipITha hai| pArzvanAtha basadi ke prAMgaNa meM bahata-se smAraka-pASANa aura utkIrNa prastara-khaNDa Adi par3e hae haiN| isI mandira ke bAja meM RSimaNDala yantra aura kalikuNDa yantra haiN| kalikuNDa yantra meM 8 bIjAkSara haiM-ha, bha, ma, ra, gha, jha, sa aura kh| ye aSTa mantrAkSara ATha karmoM kA nAza karate haiN| mandira ke sAmane mAnastambha bhI hai| padmAvatI mandira-pArzva basadi se lagabhaga saTA padmAvatI mandira hai / yaha 'padmAvatI guDi' yA 'ammanavara basadi' bhI kahalAtA hai| padmAvatI ke isa mandira ke sAmane lagabhaga 50 phITa U~cA eka bahuta prAcIna mAnastaMbha hai| isameM Upara yakSa aura nIce tIrthaMkara mUrti hai| isakA tathA mandira kA jIrNoddhAra bhI ho cukA hai| usake garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha kI yakSI padmAvatI kI bhavya pratimA hai (dekheM citra kra. 56) / devI ke hAthoM meM aMkuza, pAza aura pustaka haiM tathA cauthA hAtha abhayamudrA meM hai / ve lalitAsana meM haiM / savA phITa U~cI yaha pratimA gyArahavIM sadI kI hai| pratimA ke utkIrNana meM devI kI kSINa kaTi dhyAna dene yogya hai| yakSiNI ke mukUTa para saMbaMdhita tIrthaMkara kI padmAsana mUrti hotI hai kintu yahA~ devI ke mastaka ke Upara saMgamaramara kI pAvanAtha ko mUrti hai jisa para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai| U~ kIrtimukha ke rUpa meM hai| cA~dI ke phrema kI kulikA ke Upara pArzvanAtha virAjamAna haiN| svastika aura zikhara bhI hai| makaratoraNa kI bhI saMyojanA hai| padmAvatI pAramparika vezabhUSA meM mukuTa, svarNa-AbhUSaNoM se maNDita hai| yaha mUrti 'utsava mUrti' kahalAtI hai| garbhagRha ke dvAra kI caukhaTa cA~dI kI hai| usake siradala para padmAsana meM pArzvanAtha aura yakSa-yakSI haiM / garbhagRha meM praveza se pahale ke haoNla meM, donoM tarapha AloM meM, do aura sundara padmAvatI pratimAe~ haiN| isI sabhAmaNDapa meM bhaktoM kI bhIr3a jamA hotI hai| isa sabhAmaNDapa se pahale kAphI bar3A evaM khulA maNDapa hai| andara jAne se pahale bhItarI sabhAmaNDapa ko bAharI dIvAla ke pAsa lagabhaga 6 phITa U~cI eka-eka dvArapAlikA donoM ora haiN| una para kIrtimukha haiM tathA donoM ora vAdaka-vRnda kA sundara utkIrNana hai| pASANa-nirmita isa mandira ke sAmane eka dhvajastambha bhI hai|
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________________ 128 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) sandhyA ke samaya padamAvatI mandira meM nagADoM, ghaNToM kI dhvani ke sAtha devI kI AratI hotI hai| phira devI kI pratimA kA, bAhara lAkara gAje-bAje sahita pAlakI meM julUsa nikAlA jAtA hai, vApasI meM pArzvanAtha mandira kI pradakSiNA kI jAtI hai / mandira meM bhI AratI kI jAtI hai aura nAriyala, kelA Adi phaloM se pUjA kI jAtI hai| padmAvatI devI mukhya rUpa se striyoM kI ArAdhya devI hai| karnATaka meM aisI striyA~ kama hI hoMgI jo devI kI manautiyA~ nahIM mAnatI hoM, sAr3I, AbhUSaNa Adi bheMTa kara darzana nahIM karatI hoN| logoM kA yaha aTa vizvAsa hai ki devI kI prasannatA se manokAmanA pUrI hotI hai| nAriyala, phUla Adi zraddhApUrvaka car3hAne para yadi devI ke dAhinI ora se phUla gire to manokAmanA pUrI hogI aisA mAnA jAtA hai / hara zukravAra ko devI ko vizeSa rUpa se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA hai aura vizeSa pUjana hotI hai / devI ke pUjana ke lie yaha dina zubha mAnA jAtA hai| paMcakUTa basadi yA paMcabasadi-yaha yahA~ kA prAcIna mandira hai jo ki dharmazAlA kSetra se Age hai| pA~ca garbhagRha vAlA yA pA~ca mandiroM kA samUha yaha mandira 10vIM yA 11vIM zatAbdI kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha pASANa nirmita hai| isa samaya yaha bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai| isake pA~ca garbhagRhoM meM kramazaH candraprabha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra svAmI aura RSabhanAtha kI lagabhaga cAra phITa U~cI pratimAe~ haiN| padmAvatI kI do prAcIna mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / pravezadvAra ke eka ora dharaNendra kI aura dUsarI ora padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM jo lagabhaga nau phITa U~cI haiN| navaraMga meM sarasvatI aura siddha bhagavAna kI padmAsana pratimAe~ bhI haiN| isake dvAra kA aMkana sundara hai| siradala para donoM ora ca~varadhAriyoM sahita padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| ___ uparyukta basadi kA mukhamaNDapa khulA evaM stambhAdhArita hai| sopAna-a~gale para sundara hAthI aura siMha utkIrNa haiM / mandira kI caukI kI U~cAI lagabhaga 6 phITa hai| lambAI-caur3AI 80 phITa x 40 phITa ke lagabhaga hogii| mandira ke sAmane balipITha cAra stambhoM se AvRta hai| usake sAmane eka sopAna-a~gale meM Upara gajalakSmI , makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha haiN| do stambhoM para lekha haiN| mandira ke sAmane eka caturmukha brahmadeva stambha hai| nIce ke bhAga meM saMgIta maNDalI, pAlakI meM rAjA-rAnI, rAjA kA jalasa utkIrNa haiN| hAthI aura vyAla bhI pradarzita haiM / eka dvArapAla lagabhaga 9 phITa U~cAI kA hai| mandira para zikhara nahIM hai| chata caurasa pASANa kI hai / mandira ke ahAte meM eka trikoNa pASANa meM devanRtya kA dRzya aMkita hai| yahA~ smAraka-pASANa bhI hai| uparyukta mandira ke ahAte meM eka choTA pArzvanAtha mandira bhI hai| usa para bhI zikhara nahIM hai, chata DhaluA hai| siradala para tIrthaMkara aura kAyotsarga mudrA meM pArzvanAtha kI makaratoraNayukta mUrti hai| usake pIche ke bhAga meM kalaza Adi utkIrNa haiN| yahIM, paMcabasadi kI sImA meM hI, candraprabha kA choTA mandira bhI hai| muttina kere (motI kA tAlAba)-yaha uparyukta prAcIna mandira se thor3I hI dUrI para hai| yaha 1300 varSa purAnA hai / eka kilomITara ke lagabhaga lambA hai| caur3AI kahIM kama hai to kahIM jyAdA / isameM jAne ke lie sIDhiyA~ haiM / yaha bahuta gaharA hai aura pAnI kI kitanI hI kamI
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________________ humacA | 129 kyoM na ho jAe, yaha kabhI sUkhatA nhiiN| barasAta meM pAnI Upara taka A jAtA hai| isameM kamala ke phUla khile rahate haiN| apanI avicchinna jalAzayatA ke kAraNa yaha tAlAba atizayayukta mAnA jAtA hai| paMcabasadi ke pAsa se hI eka pagaDaNDI maTha ke nAriyala ke khetoM taka jAtI hai| vahIM kucha dUrI para eka sthAna hai jahA~ kisI samaya 'sAntara rAjAoM kA mahala' thaa| yaha mahala lakar3I kA thA jo jalakara bhasma ho gyaa| isakA pramANa bhI milatA hai| yadi isa sthAna kI miTTI khodI jAe to anAja jale cAvala (Carbonised rice) Aja bhI prApta hotA hai| skUla banAte samaya yahA~ se kucha mUrtiyA~ bhI nikalI thiiN| kundakunda vidyApITha uparyukta sthAna ke pAsa kI pahAr3I para eka do-maMz2ilA kundakunda vidyApITha hai / yahA~ lagabhaga sau vidyArthiyoM ko maiTrika taka kI zikSA, dhArmika zikSA ke sAtha hI, dI jAtI hai| vidyApITha ke pIche san 978 I. meM vikrama sAntara dvArA banavAI gaI vizAla bAhubalI basadi thI jisakI aba kevala caukI hI zeSa raha gaI hai| mandira ke vibhinna bhAgoM kA eka Dhera pattharoM ke Dhera ke rUpa meM par3A hai| uparyukta mandira meM bAhubalI kI kucha jIrNa pratimA lagabhaga pA~ca phITa kI hai jo ki vidyApITha ke hAla meM rakhI huI hai| vaha ulaTe kamalAsana para virAjamAna hai, chatra eka hI hai| bAhubalI ke sira para jaTAe~ pradarzita haiM jo tIna laToM ke rUpa meM, donoM kandhoM taka AI haiN| latAe~ pairoM para hI haiM, hAthoM para nahIM / bA~bI bhI nahIM haiM / utkIrNa bhAmaNDala cApAkAra hai| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI navanirmita vizAla mUrti-vidyApITha ke pIche pahAr3I thii| use samatala karAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra prAyaH khule prAMgaNa meM jayapura meM nirmita 23 phITa U~cI nIle saMgamaramara kI mUrti khule AkAza ke nIce sthApita kI gaI hai| usa para sarpa kA lAMchana hai| sarpakuNDalI pairoM taka AI hai| Ara. sI. sI. kI caukora caukI para, jisake Upara ke bhAga meM saMgamaramara lagA hai, yaha mUrti sthApita hai / pASANa-phalaka jaMghAoM taka AyA hai / itanI vizAla mUrti ke lie aura koI AdhAra (Support) nahIM hai / yaha pratimA navanirmita hai| kumudavatI tIrtha-yaha jaina tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai| billezvara gA~va ke pAsa sthita isa tIrtha ke lie eka rAstA pArzvanAtha kI navIna pratimA ke pAsa se aura dUsarA rAstA maTha ke pIche se bhI do pagaDaMDiyoM ke rUpa meM hai| yahA~ eka caukora kuNDa hai jo jamIna se lagabhaga 10 phITa nIcA hai / isake cAroM ora sIr3hiyA~ banI haiM / bIca meM hAthI kI AkRti aura Upara kI pASANaracanA meM puSpa utkIrNa haiM / yahA~ eka praNAlI se pAnI kI svaccha zItala dhArA sadA hI kuNDa meM giratI rahatI hai| yahI kumudavatI nadI kA udgama sthAna hai / yaha dhArA kahA~ se AtI hai yaha jJAta nahIM ho skaa| vaise isake Upara kI pahAr3I miTTI kI hai / nadI ke udgama ke kAraNa bhI ise tIrtha kahate haiM / jaina-jainetara sabhI ise mAnate haiN| jina-pratimAoM ke abhiSeka ke lie yahA~ se pratidina hAthI para rakhakara jala lAyA jAtA hai| gA~va ke loga bhI yahA~ se pAnI le jaate| haiN| yahA~ eka TIle para nAgaphalaka hai / eka choTe phalaka para nAga Apasa meM guMthe hue haiM / phalaka ke /
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________________ 130 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) bakarI kA cihna hai / anumAna hai ki yahA~ koI mandira rahA hogA / zilAe~ par3I haiM aura jagatI ke samAna racanA dikhAI detI hai / samIpa meM hI eka choTA tAlAba hai / guDada basadi - guDada kA artha hai pahAr3I / san 897 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM isakA ullekha hai / yahA~ kisI samaya bhagavAna bAhubalI kI pratimA thI / aba mandira naSTa ho gayA hai / sULe basadi - kannaDa meM 'sULe' kA artha hai vezyA / sambhavataH kisI vezyA ne yaha mandira banavAyA thA / isake sAmane do zilAlekha haiM / yaha eka choTA-sA eka mandira hai, usa para zikhara nahIM hai / yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI kI pA~ca siMha ke Asana para padmAsana mUrti hai, usake chatra TUTa gae haiM, ca~varadhArI haiM / mUrti kI pUjana nahIM hotI / mandira jaMgalI jhAr3iyoM se ghirA huA hai / usake donoM ora zilAe~ asta-vyasta avasthA meM par3I haiM / yahA~ eka zilAlekha karIba 10 phITa U~cA hai / uparyukta mandira se kucha hI dUrI para, pagaDaNDI para jhAr3iyoM ke nIce eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti par3I huI hai / bogAra basadi - bogAra kisI kA nAma thA / yaha mandira azoka vRkSa ke bagIce ke andara hai / gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra bhI ho cukA hai| isameM lagabhaga tIna phITa U~cI mahAvIra svAmI kI padmAsana mUrti hai / yahA~ 10vIM yA 11vIM sadI kI pArzvanAtha (citra kra. 57 ), candraprabha Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI bar3I-bar3I mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / mandira kI dIvAra para purAnI kannaDa meM zilAlekha bhI haiN| khule prAMgaNa meM yakSI siddhAyikA, kUSmANDinI devI aura aneka nAgaphalaka haiM / isake Upara kavelU ( TAilsa) kI chata hai / Upara jAne kA rAstA banda kara diyA gayA hai / zikhara dravir3a zailI kA hai / zikhara para hAthI, padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura vidyAdhara- paMkti kA utkIrNana hai / isake ahAte kI dIvAla prAcIna hai| isake sopAna ja~gale para vyAla kA aMkana hai| jIbha kA AkAra sU~Da jaisA hai / pIche kI ora bhI vyAla, devI aura hAthI pradarzita haiM / yahA~ sULe basadi se bhI pagaDaMDI AtI hai aura maTha ke pAsa se bhI rAstA hai / sAntara rAjAoM ke samaya kI miTTI kI dIvAra bhI yahA~ kAphI U~cI hai / usakA ahAtA bar3A hai aura vaha gA~va ke AsapAsa taka phailA hai / hombuja maTha meM vibhinna prakAra ke abhiSekoM Adi kI eka sUcI hai aura usake lie dAna kI rAzi bhI nirdhArita hai / karnATaka ke isa atizaya kSetra meM yAtriyoM ko Thaharane tathA bhojana kI sabhI acchI suvidhAe~ upalabdha haiM / yahA~ anusaMdhAna kendra ke nirmANa kI yojanA bhI hai / kSetra kA patA isa prakAra hai svasti zrI bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti jI grAma-huMcA (Humcha ), pinakoDa - 577436 jilA - zimogA ( Shimoga), karnATaka TelIphona - Humcha 22
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________________ zimogA jile ke anya jaina sthala | 131 zimogA jile ke anya jaina sthala sAgara tAluka jainadharma kA eka prasiddha pradeza rahA hai, aisA lagatA hai| yahA~ aba bhI aneka jaina basadiyA~ avaziSTa haiN| fafaqe (Bidnur) yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi meM caudahavIM aura pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI pratimAe~ haiN| chatratraya, yakSa-yakSI, makara-toraNa se yukta eka caubIsI lagabhaga DhAI phITa U~cI, 14vIM sadI kI hai| isI sadI kI eka caubIsI sarvatobhadrikA kucha khaNDita kintu manohara hai| usameM cAroM ora kAyotsarga eka-eka tIrthakara ke sAtha pA~ca-pA~ca padmAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI saMyojanA hai| eka 'paMcatIthikA' bhI pandrahavIM sadI kI hai jisameM bIca meM eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura unake AsapAsa do-do aura tIrthakara padmAsana meM haiM / IsA kI 14vIM yA 15vIM sadI kI hI tIna-cAra kAMsya-mUrtiyA~ bhI yahA~ haiM / brahmayakSa bhI ghor3e para savAra pradarzita haiM / eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ rAmanAtha ne zaka saMvat 1410 meM eka caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAkara usameM AdIzvara svAmI kI mUrti pratiSThita karAyI thii| bakor3a aura usake AsapAsa kI jaina basadiyA~ halemana basadi-isa basadi meM adhikAMza pratimAe~ 10vIM aura 11vIM sadI kI haiN| yahA~ kama-se-kama cAra kAMsya-caubIsI haiM jo ki nau iMca se lekara Der3ha phuTa taka kI U~cAI kI haiN| ye 10vIM se 13vIM sadI taka kI haiM / eka caubIsI para cApa ke sAtha kari-makara pradarzita haiM / eka 'tritIthikA' bhI yahA~ hai / usameM sambhavataH zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha aura arahanAtha khaDgAsana meM haiM (citra kra. 58) / ye chatratrayI, ca~varadhAriyoM evaM makara-toraNa se yukta haiM / supArzvanAtha ke atirikta padmAvatI kI mUrti bhI hai jisakA prabhAmaNDala kamala kI AkRti kA hai| yakSI jvAlAmAlinI kI AkRti ke AsapAsa Aga kI lapaTeM pradarzita haiN| olagere basadi-isameM bhI kAMsya kI 15vIM sadI kI caubIsI hai jisake mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiN| una para 9 phaNoM kI chAyA hai| do paMktiyoM meM, vRttoM meM 23 tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu mUrtiyA~ haiN| katinakere basadi-yahA~ bhI kAMsya kI caubIsI hai jisake mUlanAyaka AdinAtha (?) haiN| yaha aMkana 15vIM sadI kA hai / kAyotsarga mudrA meM anantanAtha kI eka sAr3he cAra phITa U~cI 11vIM sadI kI pratimA hai| abhinandananAtha kI eka AkarSaka kintu asAmAnya pratimA ke sAtha yakSa yakSezvara apane vAhana hAthI para savAra hai aura yakSI vajrazRkhalA haMsa para AsIna hai| mUrti ke AsapAsa 13 tIrthaMkara aura utkIrNa haiN| isa prakAra kA aMkana asAdhAraNa jAna par3atA hai| padmAvatI (14vIM sadI) aura eka tIrthaMkara pratimA (10vIM sadI) bhI yahA~ haiN| kaDarUra basadi-caudahavIM sadI kI, yahA~ kI caubIsI ke mUlanAyaka mahAvIra svAmI haiN| ve padmAsana meM haiM aura yakSa-yakSI sahita haiN| zeSa tIrthaMkara bhI padmAsana meM haiN|
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________________ 132 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) paTela ke ghara kI basadi-isameM dasavIM zatAbdI kI ATha iMca U~cI 'paMcatIthikA' kAMsyapratimA hai| usameM sapna phaNAvalI se yukta pArzvanAtha pramukha haiN| unake donoM ora kAyotsarga mudrA meM do tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiM / nau phaNoM se yukta padmAsana pArzvanAtha kI bhI eka pratimA hai / ___karUra basadi-yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi ke sAmane kI ora dharaNendra kI eka sundara mUrti hai| dharaNendra kA yakSa vAhana kachuA bhI yahA~ eka ora dikhAyA gayA hai| dharaNendra ardhayogapaTTa meM AsIna hai / usakA ka raNDa mukuTa U~cA hai aura phaNa kI chAyA hai / yaha 11vIM sadI kA aMkana hai| U~cAI lagabhaga tIna phITa hai| padamAvatI kI bhI isI prakAra kI sundara pratimAe~ 10vIM aura 11vIM sadI kI haiN| sarvAhna yakSa bhI apane dharmacakra ke sAtha yahA~ AsIna haiM / uparyukta basadi meM 10vIM sadI kI ghisI-khaNDita caubIsI, khaNDita pArzvanAtha pratimA (11vIM sadI), kAMsya kI pArzvanAtha pratimA (11vIM sadI), pandrahavIM sadI kI abhinandanAtha pratimA (pASANa kI), tritIthikA aura 15vIM sadI kI caubIsI Adi bhI haiN| kalar3I (Kaladi) __yahA~ kI basadi meM 12vIM se 15vIM sadI taka kI pratimAe~ haiM / tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI / 328 I. (lekha ke anusAra) kI kAMsya pratimA vizeSa AkarSaka hai / mUrti padmAsana meM chatratrayI se yukta, yakSa-yakSI tathA ca~varadhAriyoM sahita haiN| AkAzacArI vidyAdharoM ke hAthoM meM mAlAe~ haiM aura 'abhiSeka karatA hAthI' vizeSa AkarSaNa hai| pandrahavIM sadI kI eka kAyotsarga pratimA saptaphaNa yukta hai| usake sAtha dharaNendra aura padmAvatI bhI aMkita haiN| paMcatIthikA yadyapi kharAba ho gayI hai, tadapi usa para azoka vRkSa kA sundara aMkana hai| eka anya 'paMcatothikA' bhI hai| kucha khaNDita pratimAe~ bhI haiN| induvanI basadi-isa basadi meM 15vIM sadI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| yahA~ kAMsya tIrthaMkara mUrti ke sAtha na to parikara hai aura na hI chtr| yahIM eka smAraka ke Ale meM tIrthaMkara kI padmAsana mUrti hai| donoM ora mAnastambha bhI hai| isa para kannaDa lekha bhI hai| AvalinADu (Avalinadu) yaha soraba tAluka meM haiN| isakA prAcIna nAma hiriya Avali thaa| yaha 15vIM sadI meM prasiddha jaina kendra thA / yahA~ aneka muniyoM aura zrAvakoM ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| kuppaTUru (Kubattur) soraba tAluka kA yaha sthAna 11vIM se 15vIM sadI taka jaina dharma kA prasiddha kendra aura nAgara khaNDa kA 'tilaka prAya' thaa| san 1077 I. meM kadamba rAjavaMza kI rAnI mAlaladevI ne yahA~ pArzvanAtha basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yahA~ ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ aneka jaina mandira the| pArzvanAtha basadi kI mUrtiyA~ tathA anya kalAvazeSa saba 11vIM zatAbdI ke haiM / lagabhaga
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________________ zimogA jile ke anya jaina sthala / 133 sAr3he chaha phITa U~cI padmAsana meM pArzvanAtha pratimA para saptaphaNoM kI chAyA hai, chatratrayI hai / yakSa- yakSI kandhoM se Upara taka utkIrNa haiM / latAoM kA bhI aMkana hai / cAra phITa kI eka aura pArzvanAtha pratimA hai / AdinAtha kI eka khaNDita mUrti bhI hai| saMbhavataH mahAvIra kI pratimA bhI hai / siradala para tIrthaMkara aura gajasiMha kA aMkana hai / nAgapuruSa kA bhI aMkana hai jo ki saMbhavataH dharaNendra hai| bandalike (Bandalike) sora tAluka ke isa sthAna kI 'zAntinAtha basadi' yA 'bandalike basadi' isa samaya dhvasta avasthA meM hai (citra kra. 59 ) / yaha gyArahavIM sadI kI hai / isake siradala para tIrthaMkara mUrti utkIrNa hai| yakSa-yakSI aura dvArapAla kA bhI utkIrNana hai / aba isameM mUrti nahIM hai / san 911 I. meM rASTrakUTa rAjA kannaradeva jaba malakheDa meM rAjya karatA thA, taba yaha eka prasiddha jaina kendra thA / usakA mahAsAmanta kaliviTTarasa banavAsi meM rAjya karatA thA / usake adhIna sAmanta nAgArjuna thA jo nAgara khaNDa kA zAsaka thaa| kisI yuddha meM usakI mRtyu ho gaI to samrATa ne usakI patnI jakkiyabbe ko zAsaka niyukta kiyaa| usane kuzalatApUrvaka rAjya kiyA / kintu jaba roga ne use A gherA to usane apanI putrI ko rAjya sauMpa diyA aura badali tIrtha meM jAkara sallekhanA grahaNa kara lii| usI ke nAma para yA usake dvArA nirmita karAe jAne ke kAraNa yahA~ kI basadi 'javikayavve basadi' kahalAtI hai / hoysala senApati recarasa bhI yahA~ darzanArtha AyA thA / yaha basadi dUra-dUra ke logoM ko AkarSita karatI thI / balli gAvi (Baligavi) zikArapura yA zikArIpura tAluka ke isa sthAna kI jaina basadi bhI aba dhvasta avasthA meM hai / gyArahavIM sadI meM yaha eka jaina kendra thA / yahA~ eka jaina maTha bhI thA / vikramAditya SaSTha ne yahA~ ke 'cAlukya permADi jinAlaya' ko dAna diyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki san 1068 I. meM jaina kavi aura senApati ne yahA~ kI kASThanirmita AdinAtha basadi ko parivartita karAkara usake sthAna para pASANa kA mandira banavA diyA thA / kintu Aja yahA~ kevala zilAlekha hI yahA~ kI gAthA sunAte haiN| uparyukta sthAna para pArzvanAtha aura ambikA kI tIna-tIna phITa U~cI khaMDita pratimAe~ haiN| haiM jo ki gyArahavIM sadI kI haiM / cikka mAgaDi ( Chikkamagadi) yaha bhI zikArIpura tAluka meM hai / yahA~ ke basavaNNA mandira ke eka stambha para khude lekha ke anusAra, kadambarAja boppA ke sAmanta zaMkara ne yahA~ 1182 I. meM zAntinAtha caityAlaya banavAyA thA aura balipura ke rAjA sUryAbharaNa ne isa mandira ke lie supArI ke 500 per3a aura sahasra puSpavATikAoM se suzobhita eka udyAna dAna meM diyA thA (citra kra. 60 ) / hoyasala rAjA ballAladeva ke daNDanAtha recaNa ne bhI isake lie eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| yaha basadi 14vIM sadI kI hai| usake sAmane eka adbhuta mAnastambha bhI hai| isa sthAna para eka vIragala bhI hai /
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________________ 134 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) uddhare Udri (Udri) zikArIpura tAluka kA yaha sthAna bhI prasiddha jaina kendra thaa| yahA~ 'paMca basadi', 'kanakabasadi' aura 'eraga jinAlaya' nAmaka tIna mandira the / 'Udri basadi' 12vIM sadI meM nirmita haI thii| yaha eka choTA-sA mandira (citra kra. 61) hai| yahA~ vimAna meM Upara eka chatratrayIyukta padamAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM jinake AsapAsa ca~varadhArI haiN| isakI chata meM kamala kA aMkana bahuta manohArI hai| isakA zikhara kaTanIdAra hai / chata dhvasta ho gaI hai| zukanAsA para AsIna tIrthaMkara donoM ora yakSa-yakSI sahita haiN| navaraMga maNDapa kI chata para pUrNa vikasita kamala utkIrNa hai (citra kra. 61 A) / daravAje ke siradala para eka tIrthaMkara mUrti virAjamAna hai| eka tIrthakara mUrti kA yakSa trimukha lalitAsana meM hai| yahA~ ambikA kI mUrti bhI hai| heggeri (Heggeri) zimogA ke cikkanAyakanahalli tAluka ke isa sthAna para hoyasalanareza narasiMhadeva ke mahAsAmanta govideva ne yahA~ pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa karAkara dAna diyA thaa| kundanabeTTa (Kundanbetta) ___ yahA~ kI basadi meM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kI lAMchana sahita padmAsana mUrti hai| prabhAmaNDala sAdhAraNa-sA hai / ca~varadhArI sira se Upara taka aMkita haiN| Anekala (Anekal) - yahA~ 'hoyasala basadi' nAmaka mandira hai / isa mandira kA vizeSa vivaraNa samprati prApta nahIM hai| narasiMharAjapura narasiMharAjapura karnATaka ke cikamaMgalUru jile meM hai| I. san 1915 se pahale isa sthAna kA nAma yedevallI (Yedevalli) thaa| uparyukta san meM yahA~ yuvarAja kAntirava narasiMharAja veDiyara kA Agamana huaa| usa khuzI meM isakA nAma narasiMharAjapura kara diyA gyaa| avasthiti evaM mArga hamacA se yahA~ pahu~cane kA mArga isa prakAra hai-humacA se tIrthahallI (35 ki. mI.), vahA~ se koppA (25 ki. mI.) aura vahA~ se narasiMharAjapura (22 ki. mii.)| humacA se koppA taka kA mArga choTI pahAr3iyoM, choTI ghATiyoM se hokara hai| koppA se narasiMharAjapura ghATa-kSetra hai, U~cI
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________________ narasiMharAjapura | 135 harI-bharI pahAr3iyA~ aura jaMgala haiN| eka minI basa narasiMharAjapura se kArakala bhI jAtI hai| birUra (Birur) aura zimogA se bhI basa dvArA pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / zimogA se bahuta-sI baseM AtI haiN| basa sTaiNDa maTha se eka ki. mI. dUra hai| basa vAle maTha ke sAmane se bhI savArI le lete haiM yA vahA~ utAra dete haiN| yahA~ ekamAtra savArI ATorikzA hai| nikaTa relave sTezana pUnA-baMgalora relave lAina para birUra jaMkzana hai / birUra-tAlagappA lAina para zimogA bhI pAsa par3atA hai| kSetra darzana ___ isa kSetra kA nAma 'siMhadana gadde' jaina maTha yA basadi yA jvAlAmAlinI hai| siMha+dana (gAya)gaTe (khetI) se milakara isa maTha kA nAma banA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki ki lagabhaga 650 varSa pUrva, AcArya samantabhadra gerusoppe (joga jharanoM ke pAsa eka sthAna) se jaba jvAlAmAlinI yakSI (candraprabha kI yakSI) kI mUrti yahA~ lAye the taba unhoMne eka kheta meM siMha aura gAya ko sAtha-sAtha nirbhIka vicaraNa karate dekhA to unhoMne prAcIna zAntinAtha mandira ke pAsa hI jvAlAmAlinI kI mUrti pratiSThApita kara, yakSI ke mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA / taba se yaha sthAna 'siMhadanagadde' kahalAne lgaa| ___jvAlAmAlinI mUrti yahA~ lAne kA kAraNa yaha thA-gerusoppe meM cannavairAdevI nAmaka jaina rAnI kA rAjya thaa| lar3AI meM purtagAliyoM ne rAnI ko harA diyA aura jaina mandiroM ko bhI jI-bharakara naSTa kiyA / isa vinAzalIlA ke sAkSI vahA~ ke dhvasta jaina mandira aba bhI haiN| isa sthAna kI eka caturmukhI pratimA kA aMkana bahuta hI sundara hai / yaha caudahavIM zatAbdI kI mAnI jAtI hai aura vijayanagara kAla ke prArambhika samaya kI kRti batAI jAtI hai| yahA~ kula 6 mandira haiM / ye prAcIna aura arvAcIna donoM prakAra ke haiN| candraprabha yA candranAtha mandira prAcIna mandira ke sthAna para nayA banA hai| usameM virAjamAna candraprabha kI mUrti padmAsana meM hai| yaha saMgamaramara kI hai aura lagabhaga 4 phuTa U~cI hai| usa para candraprabha kA lAMchana hariNa utkIrNa hai| vedI sAdhAraNa hai / garbhagRha ke bAhara eka haoNla (sabhAmaNDapa) hai jisake tIna ora barAmade haiN| sAmane eka khulA prAMgaNa bhI hai| mandira caukora hai| usake stambhoM para bhI DijAina hai / pravezadvAra kA siradala pASANa-nirmita hai aura usa para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrti hai tathA nIce ykss-ykssii| mandira kA nayA dvAra AkarSaka hai, usa para puSpAvalI kA sundara utkIrNana hai / pravezadvAra kI sIr3hiyoM ke donoM ora vyAla kA aMkana hai / mandira caukorapASANoM se nirmita hai| usa para kucha U~cA zikhara bhI hai / isa mandira ke nirmANa meM sAhU zreyAMsa prasAda jI ne Der3ha lAkha rupaye kA dAna diyA thaa| dUsarA mandira zrI pArzvanAtha svAmI jaina mandira kahalAtA hai| yahA~ ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra, isa mandira kA nirmANa vijayanagara ke zAsaka kRSNadevarAya ke zAsanakAla meM huA thaa| mandira aura usameM virAjamAna pratimA aura bhI prAcIna batAe jAte haiM / zilAlekha mandira meM lagA hai kintu garbhagRha sahita mandira nayA bana gayA hai| yaha eka sAMdhAra yA pradakSiNApatha yukta mandira hai| garbhagaha ke Age do maNDapa yA haoNla haiM aura unase bhI Age eka khulA barAmadA yA agramaNDapa hai / mandira meM caukhaToM (phema) meM jar3e citra yA peNTigsa bhI haiM / mUlanAyaka pArzva
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________________ 136 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) nAtha kI lagabhaga 5 phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti para 9 phaNoM kI chAyA hai aura chatratraya haiN| donoM ora ca~varadhArI haiM jo ki Upara taka aMkita haiM / vedI sAdhAraNa hai| candraprabha kI saMgamaramara kI tIna phuTa U~cI lAMchanayukta mUrti ke atirikta, kucha AkarSaka kAMsya-mUrtiyA~ bhI isa devAlaya meM haiN| tIrthaMkara pratimAoM ke atirikta sarasvatI aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI yahA~ sthApita haiN| tIsarA mandira candra nAtha kI yakSI jvAlAmAlinI kA hai (dekheM citra kra. 62) / yaha pratimA AcArya samantabhadra dvArA gerusoppA se, jaina rAnI kA rAjya naSTa ho jAne para, yahA~ lAI gaI thii| hamacA meM jisa prakAra yakSI padmAvatI kA alaga mandira hai usI prakAra yahA~ bhI jvAlAmAlinI kA alaga mandira hai| devI atizayayukta mAnI jAtI hai| varSa meM eka bAra jvAlAmAlinI kA mahArathotsava manAyA jAtA hai jisameM dUra-dUra ke loga sammilita hote haiN| usa samaya indrapratiSThA, nAndImaMgala, vimAna-zuddhi. paMcAmRta-pUjA, zrIvajrapaMjara yantradhArA, zrI jvAlAmAlinI devI SoDazopacAra mantra, puSpArcana, aSTavidhArcana, mahAbhiSeka, zrI candranAtha svAmI kalazAbhiSekapUjA, jvAlAmAlinI aura bAhubalI svAmI kA mahAbhiSeka Adi cAra-pA~ca dina calane vAle kAryakrama Ayojita kie jAte haiN| mandira kA bAharI pravezadvAra lakaDI kA paMcazAkhA prakAra kA hai, usa para puSpAvalI kA sundara aMkana hai| andara kA daravAjA bhI lakar3I kA hai kintu usa para aMkana kama hai| nIce ca~varadhAriNiyA~ haiM / garbhagRha ke dvAra kI caukhaTa bhI utkIrNa hai aura usa para nIce dvArapAla pradarzita haiN| garbhagRha meM jAne ke lie sIr3hiyA~ haiN| jvAlAmAlinI kI mUrti pItala kI hai| usa para kIrtimukha hai aura eka choTI tathA eka bar3I sundara, AkarSaka DhaMga se utkIrNa cApa (arch) haiN| mUrti ke tIna ora kA phema bhI pItala kA hai aura usa para bhI acchI nakkAzI hai / mandira ko chata lakar3I kI hai| TAilsa (kavelU, maMgalora DhaMga ke) se DhakA mandira kA zikhara SaTkoNa hai| mandira meM praveza se pahale bar3A khulA prAMgaNa hai| usameM donoM ora tIna vizAla stambha haiN| sAmane balipITha hai| mandira ke cAroM ora khulA prAMgaNa hai aura kaMgUredAra dIvAla hai| isake pIche sarovara hai jisameM kamala khilate haiM / isa prakAra yaha mandira AkarSaka bana gayA hai| ____ zAntinAtha mandira yahA~ kA cauthA mandira hai| yaha bhI prAcIna mandira thA kintu aba isane navIna rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai| isameM garbhagRha ke sthAna para eka vedI hai jisa para mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha apane lAMchana hariNa ke sAtha padmAsana meM virAjamAna haiN| mati cAra phaTa U~cI saMgamaramara kI hai| vedI vAlA maNDapa kucha bar3A hai| usake sAmane khulA barAmadA hai| mandira ke siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara pratimA hai| lakar3I ke daravAje para sundara aMkana hai| puSpAvalI ke atirikta donoM palloM para mAnastambha aura svastika tathA hAtha ke cihna se yukta jambUdvIpa kI AkRti hai| nIce dvArapAla bhI pradarzita haiN| pA~cavA~ mandira maTha kA mandira hai| usameM bhI prAcIna pratimAe~ haiN| kisI anya sthAna se lAkara virAjita bAhubalI kI pratimA ke donoM ora bA~biyA~ utkIrNa haiM / mandira meM pArzvanAtha, candra prabha, padmAvatI aura jvAlAmAlinI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| __maTha ke ahAte meM hI, maTha meM pravezavAlI sar3aka ke pAsa, kSetrapAla kA choTA-sA mandira hai| yaha chaThA mandira hai|
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________________ cikkamaMgalUru jile ke anya jaina sthala / 137 yahA~ kA maTha bhI prAcIna hai yaha spaSTa hai / yahA~ ke bhaTTAraka 'svasti zrI lakSmIsena bhaTTAraka paTTAcArya svAmIjI' kahalAte haiM / vartamAna bhaTTAraka jI saumya mUrti aura atyanta madhura svabhAva ke haiN| unase milanA AnandadAyaka evaM preraNAprada hotA hai| siMhadanagadde maTha meM yAtriyoM ke lie Thaharane aura bhojana kI acchI vyavasthA hai| pahale se sUcanA milane para do sau yAtriyoM taka ko bhojana karAyA jA sakatA hai / Thaharane ke lie tIna parivAra-nivAsa (phemilI kaoNTeja) haiM jinake sAtha snAnaghara saMlagna haiM / kucha aura nivAsa bana rahe haiM / do dharmazAlAe~ haiN| unameM teraha kamaroM ke sAtha snAnaghara saMlagna haiM / Azrama meM 14 kamare aura do bar3e haoNla haiN| eka haoNla meM pA~ca sau vyakti baiTha sakate haiN| yahA~ eka sabhAmaNDapa bhI bana rahA hai| maTha ke kSetra meM bhI do haoNla haiN| jvAlAmAlinI nAmaka, lar3akiyoM ke hAIskUla bhavana kA nirmANa bhI cala rahA hai| bra. candasAgara varNI ke sampAdakatva meM 'samantabhadravANI' nAmaka eka pAkSika kannar3a patrikA bhI prakAzita hone lagI hai| maTha kI Aya kA eka sAdhana dasa ekar3a kI khetI bhI hai| yahA~ ke zAnta, svAsthyavardhaka vAtAvaraNa aura Thaharane kI Adhunika suvidhAoM ke upalabdha hone ke kAraNa kucha paryaTaka to yahA~ kucha dina rama jAte haiM yA bAra-bAra Ate rahate haiN| yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki yahA~ se zahara kA basa sTaiNDa eka ki. mI. dUra hai| kSetra kA patA isa prakAra hai siMhadanagadde bastI maTha (Sinhdanagadde Basti Matha) po. narasiMharAjapura (Narasimharajapura), Pin-577134 jilA-cikamaMgalUru (Chikmagalur) (karnATaka) cikkamaMgalUru ke jile ke anya jaina sthala isa jile meM jaina sthaloM kA bhalI prakAra se sarvekSaNa nahIM huA, aisA jAna par3atA hai| zilAlekhoM se evaM anya upalabdha jAnakArI ke anusAra, yahA~ kucha sAmagrI dI jA rahI hai| melagI (Melgi) yaha sthAna tIrthahallI se lagabhaga 10 ki. mI. dUrI para hai| yahA~ tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kA lagabhaga sAta-sau ATha-sau varSa purAnA mandira hai| isa samaya yaha bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai| yahA~ hAthI para savAra aura mastaka para dharmacakra dhAraNa kiye sarvAhna yakSa kI lagabhaga 6 phuTa U~cI mUrti hai / kSetrapAla kI bhI lagabhaga 6 phuTa U~cI eka mUrti hai| jayapurA (Jaipura) yahA~ kI AdinAtha basadi meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI khaDgAsana pratimA evaM anya tIrthaMkaroM
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________________ 138 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kI dhAtu-pratimAe~ haiN| mandira kI chata DhaluA hai / megunda (Megund) yahA~ choTI zAntinAtha basadi hai / usakI bhI DhaluA chata para kavelU (TAitsa) lage haiN| mandira meM zAntinAtha kI padmAsana pratimA, ghuTanoM taka aMkita yakSa-yakSI sahita hai / makara-toraNa bhI utkIrNa hai| hantUru (Hanturu) ____ mUDugere ke isa sthAna se prApta zilAlekha ke anusAra, tribhuvanamalla kumAra ballAladeva kI bar3I bahina samyaktva-cUr3AmaNi hariyabbarasi ne 'koDaMginADa malevaDi' meM sthita hantUru meM ratnakhacita va maNikalaza se yukta uttuMga caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAke usameM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti pratiSThita karAI thii| mandira to hoyasala zAsakoM se dAna milA thaa| yaha mandira 1052 I. meM siddhAntadeva ko dekhabhAla ke lie sauMpa diyA gayA thaa| mattAvara (Mattavar) ___ isa sthAna ke zilAlekha kA kathana hai ki eka bAra hoyasala rAjA vinayAditya isa gA~va meM aaye| grAmavAsI unheM darzana ke lie pahAr3a ke mandira para le gaye / isa para rAjA ne grAma meM mandira nahIM hone kA kAraNa puuchaa| mANikya zeTTI ne isakA kAraNa dhana kA abhAva btaayaa| isa para rAjA ne apane koSa se dhana dekara 1069 I. meM yahA~ pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa kraayaa| isameM aneka zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA jinameM sabase pramukha thI jkkbbaa| zrRMgerI yaha sthAna narasiMharAjapura ke samIpa hI hai| rAstA koppA-bAlehannUra hokara hai / Aja hindU samAja meM isa sthAna kI pratiSThA zaMkarAcArya maTha ke kAraNa hai| kintu yaha kisI samaya jainoM kA gar3ha thA, yaha bahuta kama logoM ko jJAta hai| yahA~ ke vidyAzaMkara mandira ke bAhara kI ora AloM meM digambara mUrtiyoM kA sundara utkIrNana hai-dharmoM ke saha-astitva kA kA prAcIna pramANa / yaha mandira caudahavIM zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai| nezanala buka TrasTa ne zrI na. sa. rAmacandrayA dvArA likhita tathA zrI sumaMgala prakAza dvArA hindI meM anUdita eka pustaka 1973 meM prakAzita kI hai| usake 144-45 pRSThoM para vyakta vicAra evaM jAnakArI yahA~ uddhRta karanA prAsaMgika hogA "tuMga ke bAyeM taTa para avasthita zRMgerI cikkamagalUru jile meM par3atA hai| yaha nAma RSyazRMga giri kA eka loka-pracalita rUpa hai| zaMkara ke AvirbhAva-kAla se pUrva hI yaha sthAna
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________________ zRMgerI | 139 eka Azrama athavA tapobhUmi ke rUpa meM prasiddha thA / yaha eka pavitra sthAna thA jisa para RSyazRMga ke pitA vibhANDaka jaise RSi-muniyoM ke caraNoM kI dhUla par3I thii| jainoM ne bhI apanI sAdhanA ke lie ise Adarza sthAna mAnA thaa| saca pUchA jAye to zRMgerI jainadharma kA eka gar3ha hI thaa| balki isI kAraNa zaMkara ko vahA~ apanA advaita-kendra sthApita karane ke lie preraNA milii| zaMkara ne dUra-dUra taka kI yAtrA kI thI aura prAcIna RSi-muniyoM dvArA pavitrIkRta sthAna unhoMne kitane hI dekhe hoNge| tuMga ke hI taTa para mattU, tIrthahalli aura zivamoggA jaise aneka pavitra sthAna maujUda haiM / isa dRSTi se isa nadI kA sthAna gaMgA ke bAda hI AtA hai / bahuta karake zaMkara ne yahI cAhA hogA ki unakA prathama AdhyAtmika kendra jainoM ke kisI gar3ha meM hI sthApita kiyA jAye / dakSiNa meM apane AdhyAtmika abhiyAna para ghUmate hue unhoMne AMzika rUpa meM jainadharma ko apanI dharmavijaya kA lakSya banAyA thA / jaina tathA bauddha dharma zaMkarAcArya ke isa AdhyAtmika AkramaNa ke Age Thahara nahIM paaye|" ___"suvikhyAta zrI 'zAradA mandira' ke prAMgaNa meM lagabhaga 18 mITara U~cA eka ekAzma stambha khar3A hai / yaha jaina paramparA vAlA mAnastambha hI hai| stambha ke dakSiNa mukha para eka jaina mUrti khudI huI hai| isase siddha hai ki yaha na to koI garur3a 'kambA' hai aura na hI rUDha hindU mandira vAstukalA kA koI dhvajastambha hii|" - "jainoM ke gar3ha ke patana ke bAda jainoM ke sthAna ujar3akara jIrNa-zIrNa sthiti ko pahu~ca gye| abhI bhI lagabhaga vahA~ eka darjana jaina basadiyA~ dekhane ko milatI haiM / isa kSetra se ekatra kI gayI kaI jaina mUrtiyA~ kaoNleja saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita haiN|" prAcIna pArzvanAtha basadi eka zilAlekha ke anusAra isa basadi kA nirmANa 1150 I. meM hemmADi zeTTI aura siriyalA ke putra mArizeTTI kI smRti meM huA thaa| san 1523 I. meM yahA~ anantanAtha evaM candraprabha kI pratimAe~ virAjamAna kI gaI thiiN|| . spaSTa hai ki isa mandira ke mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha haiN| unake AsapAsa aneka tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ padmAsana aura khaDgAsana meM haiN| isakA mukhamaNDapa bar3A lagatA hai| zikhara trikoNAtmaka hai| garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra para do-do kI paMkti meM tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| navaraMga meM bhI pArzvanAtha evaM anya tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiM / mukhamaNDapa meM eka zilAlekha hai / usake UparI bhAga meM tIrthaMkara aura caMvaradhArI haiN| vizeSa sUcanA zRMgerI se kArakala bhI jA sakate haiM / kintu aisA karane se kundAdri aura varaMga chUTa jaaeNge| ataH jo kundAdri (car3hAI ke kAraNa) nahIM jAnA cAheM unheM hulikala ghATa hote hue hebI jAkara varaMga aura vahA~ se kArakala jAnA caahie| tIrthahallI jAkara Agumbe ghATI hote hue minI basa dvArA (rAste meM kundAdri) hebrI hokara bhI varaMga pahu~cA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ 140 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kundAdri (kundakundabeTTa) avasthiti evaM mArga yahA~ pahu~cane kA mArga isa prakAra hai-narasiMharAjapura-koppA-tIrthahallI (yahA~ humacA se bhI sodhe A sakate haiM)-guDakerI (gA~va, talahaTI meM)-vahA~ se kundAdri (pahAr3a) para lagabhaga 8 ki. mI. gAr3I se yA paidl| kAra kA rAstA bhI varSA ke kAraNa kharAba ho jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI gAr3I lauTAne kI jagaha nahIM miltii| isa sthAna se Age Agumbe gA~va hai| yahA~ taka bar3I baseM A sakatI haiN| usake bAda Agumbe ghATI (14 ki. mI.) hai jisameM se kevala minI baseM hI jA sakatI haiN| isa ghATI ko pArakara hebrI (Hebri) nAmaka sthAna se varaMga aura kArakala ke lie sar3aka jAtI hai| eka minI basa sAgara-humacA-tIrthahallI-kundAdri-Agumbe-kArakala-mUDabiDI taka hai| zRMgerI se bhI yahA~ ke lie baseM AtI haiN| narasiMharAjapura se bhI eka minI basa AtI hai| kintu bar3I basa se kundAdri ke darzanakara vApasa tIrthahallI, vahA~ se kalamane ke AsapAsa se halikala ghATa kI sar3aka pakar3a kara hebrI pahu~canA cAhie aura vahA~ se varaMga tathA kaarkl| Agumbe ghATI meM aneka mor3a haiM, ghanA jaMgala hai aura varSA bhI bahuta hoto hai| isalie minI basa aura bar3I basa ke mArga kA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| bar3I basa bhI Agumbe gA~va taka jA sakatI hai| vahA~ se utarAI prArambha hotI hai jo 14 ki. mI. hai| kundAdri dekhakara narasiharAjapUra yA hamacA vApasa lauTanA cAhie yA varaMga jAnA caahie| talahaTI ke gA~va meM kundAdri kA arcaka (pujArI) rahatA hai| dharmazAlA nahIM hai| pahAr3a ke Upara cAra kamaroM kA sarakArI gesTa hAusa aura humacA maTha ke prabandha kI dharmazAlA bijalIpAnI sahita hai, eka haoNla ke rUpa meM / pahAr3a para Thaharane meM asuvidhA ho sakatI hai| kundAdri isa samaya karnATaka ke cikamaMgalUru jile ke tIrthahallI tAluka ke antargata AdivAsI ilAke kI tIna hajAra phuTa se adhika U~cI eka pahAr3I hai / kundakundAcArya se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa yaha prAcInakAla se hI eka tIrtha mAnA jAtA rahA hai| "maMgalaM bhagavAn vIro maMgalaM gautamo gnnii| maMgalaM kundakundAryo jainadharmo'stu maMgalam // " sambhavataH dara jaina isa namaskAra-mantra se paricita hai aura isameM namaskRta kundakundAcArya se hI isa pahAr3I kA sambandha hai / yahIM unhoMne tapasyA kI thii| yahIM se ve videha kSetra gaye the| isI pahAr3I para una mahAn AcArya ke caraNa 13 paMkhur3iyoM ke kamala meM bane hue haiN| kundakundAcArya kundakundAcArya kA janma dakSiNa bhArata meM pedathanADu jile meM kauNDakundapura nAmaka gA~va meM (eka anya mata ke anusAra guMtakala ke samIpa kuNDakuNDI grAma meM) IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI meM yA Aja se lagabhaga 1900 varSa pUrva huA thaa| apane gA~va ke nAma para ye kundakunda kahalAe (Aja
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________________ kundAdri (kundakundabeTTa) / 141 bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM nAma se pahale gA~va kA nAma bhI lagatA hai)| inakA vAstavika nAma AcArya padmanandI batAyA jAtA hai| inake cAra nAma aura bhI batAe jAte haiM / ye AcArya bhadrabAhu dvitIya ke athavA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke pAramparika ziSya mAne jAte haiM / digambara jaina samAja meM inakI pratiSThA sthApita huI ki tabhI se yaha samAja mUlasaMgha aura kundakundAnvaya kA mAnA jAtA hai| ye tamilavAsI the| dakSiNa bhArata ke zilAlekhoM meM inakA nAma 'koNDakunda' AtA hai| ___ina mahAn AcArya ne jainadharma ke prAmANika granthoM kI jo racanA kI vaha advitIya hai| pravacanasAra, samayasAra, paMcAstikAya, niyamasAra Adi prasiddha granthoM tathA 84 pAhuDa-granthoM (prAkRta meM jainagrantha) kI racanA inhoMne kI thii| zAyada isIlie inheM gautama gaNadhara ke bAda namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai| kundakundAcArya ke viSaya meM eka kathA pracalita hai jisakA sambandha isa pahAr3I se hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki eka bAra inheM jaina siddhAntoM ke bAre meM kucha zaMkA huI / usake samAdhAna ke lie inhoMne isI pahAr3I para dhyAna lagAyA aura pUrva videha kSetra ke tIrthaMkara sImaMdhara svAmI ke samavasaraNa meM jA phuNce| vahA~ ve eka saptAha rahe aura apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kara isI pahAr3I para vApasa A gye| yaha bhI anuzruti hai ki inhoMne jaba dhyAna lagAyA to sImaMdhara svAmI ne 'saddharmavRddhirastu' (saddharma kI vRddhi ho) kahA / upadeza ke bIca meM yaha sunakara bhavya janoM ne tIrthaMkara se isakA prasaMga pUchA to sImaMdhara svAmI ne uttara diyA ki "maiMne bharata-kSetra ke nirgrantha kundakunda AzIrvAda diyA hai|" sazarIra anyatra gamana kI ghaTanAe~ aneka dharmoM va sthAnoM meM milatI haiM / aba vaijJAnika bhI isa tathya kI ora dhyAna dene lage haiM / IsAI dharma meM bhI aisI ghaTanAe~ lipibaddha haiN| isalie isa anuzruti para bhI ekadama avizvAsa nahIM karanA caahie| kundakundAcArya ko tIrthaMkara se divyajJAna prApta huA ho / unakI racanAoM ko dekhate hue avizvAsa kI guMjAiza kama hI lagatI hai| kSetra-darzana kundAdri para eka kuNDa hai joki pAdukAzrama ke pAsa meM hI hai| ise 'pApanAzinI' kahate haiN| isakA jala pIne ke kAma meM AtA hai| yaha kuNDa prAkRtika hai evaM parvata ke zikhara para hai| yahA~ do guphAe~ bhI haiN| uparyukta kuNDa ke kinAre eka prAcIna pArzvanAtha mandira hai| isake sAmane eka mAnastambha hai| garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha kI adbhuta pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai (dekheM citra kramAMka 63) / tIrthaMkara kI mUrti ko eka bar3A sarpa lapeTe hue hai aura apane sAta phaNoM kI chAyA pArzvanAtha para kara rahA hai| mUrti para usake do lapeTe spaSTa dekhe jA sakate haiN| sarpakuNDalI pAdamUla taka AI hai| ghuTanoM ke pAsa eka yakSa hai / isa prakAra kI pratimA zAyada anya kisI sthAna para nahIM hai / mandira ke dvAra aura maNDapa meM bhI sundara kalAkArI hai| kundAdri para jaina mandiroM ke khaNDahara, mUrtiyoM evaM kalApUrNa zilAkhaNDa jahA~-tahA~ bikhare milate haiN| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha bahuta prasiddha tIrthasthAna rahA hogaa| vartamAna meM isakA
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________________ 142 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) prabandha humacA ke bhaTTArakajI dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| ___ kundAdri kA prAkRtika saundarya bhI kama nahIM hai / yahA~ se sUryAsta kA dRzya bar3A sundara dikhAI detA hai| varaMga avasthiti evaM mArga karnATaka ke maMgalora z2ile (purAnA nAma dakSiNa kannar3a z2ilA, South Kanara), meM kArakala tAluka ke antargata yaha lagabhaga do hajAra kI AbAdI vAlA eka gA~va hai| yaha zimogAmaMgalora mArga para sthita hai| isa gA~va kA nikaTatama relave sTezana maMgalora hai| sar3aka-mArga dvArA yaha kArakala se 24 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| narasiMharAjapurA yA yA kundrAdi se bar3I basa ke mArga para sthita hebrI se yA Agumbe ghATI utarakara choTI basa dvArA hebI nAmaka sthAna se yaha ATha ki. mI. hai / hebrI se bar3I baseM yahA~ A sakatI haiM hAlAMki Agumbe ghATI hokara sAgara yA narasiMharAjapurA jAnevAlI choTI baseM bhI yahA~ se AtI-jAtI haiM / yahA~ pahu~cane ke lie basa kI acchI suvidhA hai / yaha sthAna tulunADu pradeza meM AtA hai| kisI samaya yahA~ heggaDe sAmanta zAsana karate the| boDara-koTe nAmaka eka choTA kilA yahA~ kI pahAr3I para dekhA jA sakatA hai| maMgalora ke upa-nyAyAlaya (saba korTa) meM 1424 I. kA eka lekha kannaDa aura saMskRta bhASA meM tIna tAmrapatroM para hai| usake anusAra varaMganA gA~va ko vahA~ kI neminAtha basadi (mandira) ke lie vijayanagara ke rAjA devarAya ne dAna meM diyA thaa| ye tAmrapatra eka aMgUThI ke dvArA jur3e hue haiN| a~gUThI para eka mohara lagI hai jisapara eka jaina mUrti hai| varaMga meM eka jala-mandira hai jisake kAraNa isa sthAna ko 'karnATaka kI pAvApurI' kahA jAtA hai| yAtriyoM kI suvidhA ke lie sar3aka para 'zrI varaMga digambara jaina mandira' kannar3a aura nAgarI meM do sthAnoM para likhA huA hai| sar3aka se maTha taka jAne ke lie pakkI sar3aka bhI hai aura eka pagaDaNDI bhii| kSetra sar3aka se lagA huA hai| __isa kSetra kA itihAsa abhI jJAta nahIM hai| kSetra-darzana varaMga meM tIna mandira haiM-1. maTha kA candranAtha mandira, 2. jalamandira (caturmukha basadi) aura 3. neminAtha bsdi| sthAnIya jaina maTha hombuja (humacA) jaina maTha ke niyantraNa meM kArya karatA hai| vAstava meM,
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________________ varaMga | 143 maTha kA koI alaga bhavana nahIM hai apitu candranAtha mandira ke bAharI barAmade meM hI kAmacalAU kAryAlaya hai jisakA kArya yahA~ pAsa meM hI rahanevAlA arcaka parivAra dekhatA hai| candranAtha mandira-sAmane se dekhane para yaha eka sAdhAraNa-sA makAna lagatA hai| usake garbhagRha para choTA kalaza hai aura kavelU kI chata hai / mandira meM praveza se pahale eka cauka AtA hai jisake cAroM ora khulI dAlAna yA barAmadA hai| isa khule sthAna meM yAtriyoM ko bhI ThaharA diyA jAtA hai, alaga se kamare nahIM haiN| bhavana kA pravezadvAra lakar3I kA hai aura usa para makaratoraNa, bela Adi utkIrNa haiM / siradala para padmAsana pArzvanAtha do ca~varadhAriyoM sahita pradarzita haiN| nIce yakSa-yakSI evaM donoM ora do dvArapAla haiM / garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra para bhI zRMkhalA kI DijAina kA sundara utkIrNana hai / basadi meM Der3ha-do phuTa moTe lakar3I ke stambhoM kA prayoga huA hai / ina para bhI sundara utkIrNana hai| kar3I (bomsa) para vyAla aMkita kie gae haiN| choTe-se garbhagRha ke tIna choTe-choTe khaNDa haiM / antima khaNDa meM mUlanAyaka candranAtha kI eka phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti hai| yaha pratimA candrazilA se nirmita hai| mUrti ke pIche se prakAza karane para rozanI mUrti ke ArapAra dikhAI detI hai / mUrti ke pIche makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukhayukta pItala kA phalaka hai| anya kAMsya tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ bhI haiN| pratimAoM se Age vAle khaNDa meM padmAvatI devI kI mUrti hai| usase Age kA khaNDa khAlI hai| garbhagRha se Age sabhAmaNDapa yA bar3A haoNla hai| usake bAda cauka / caturmukha basadi-uparyukta mandira ke pAsa, sAmane hI dikhAI denevAlI eka choTI harIbharI pahAr3I kI talahaTI meM eka sarovara hai / isI meM 'kere-basadi' yA 'jalamandira' yA 'caturmukha basadi' hai (citra kra. 64) / kannar3a meM kere kA artha hotA hai tAlAba / jaba isameM pAnI bharA hotA hai aura kamala ke phUla khile hote haiM taba yaha pAvApurI jaisA dRzya uparasthita karatA hai| aise samaya meM darzana ke lie nAva dvArA jAnA hotA hai| nAva kI vyavasthA kSetra dvArA kI jAtI hai| yaha sarovara 13 ekar3a meM hai| kabhI-kabhI isa sarovara kA pAnI sUkha bhI jAtA hai| 'kere basadi' eka sAdhAraNa nakkAzI rahita pASANa-mandira hai| vaha U~ce cabUtare para sthita hai| usa taka jAne ke lie sarovara ke cAroM ora sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| mandira ke bAhara cAroM ora khulA cabUtarA hai| usI meM lagabhaga tIna phuTa caur3A eka kuA~ bhI hai jisameM se abhiSeka kA jala liyA jAtA hai| bAhara eka nAgaphalaka bhI hai / mandira bAraha koNa kA hai| cAra trikoNoM ke rUpa meM zikhara hai / zikhara tA~be se AvRta hai / basa di caturmukha hai / usakA nirmANa isa prakAra haA hai ki mati hara dizA se dikhAI detI hai| mandira meM cAra tIrthaMkaroM kI martiyA~ eka hI gola vedI para sthApita haiM / andara jo pradakSiNA-patha hai vaha sa~karA hai, muzkila se do phuTa caur3A hogaa| pASANa-mUrtiyA~ lagabhaga sAr3he tIna phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiN| basadi ke pravezadvAroM para nAgarI meM namaskAra likhA hai / eka dvAra ke jisa siradala para 'bhagavAna pArzvatIrthaMkarAya dharaNedrayakSa-padmAvatIyakSIsahitAya namaH' likhA hai usa dizA meM makara-toraNa aura ca~vara sahita sAta phaNoM se yukta pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| nIce dharaNendra aura padmAvatI haiN| dUsarI dizA meM 'bhagavAna nemi tIrthaMkarAya sarvAhna-yakSa kUSmAMDinI-yakSI sahitAya namaH' likhA hai| usa ora neminAtha kI yakSa-yakSI sahita mUrti hai (dekheM citra kra. 65) / alaMkaraNa pUrvavat hai / tIsarI dizA meM, 'bhagavAna ananta tIrthaMkarAya pAtAla yakSa anantamati yakSI sahitAya
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________________ 144 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) namaH' likhA hai| vahA~ anantanAtha kI mUrti anya do mUrtiyoM kI bhA~ti hai| kintu eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki prabhAvalI meM paMcaparameSThI kA aMkana hai tathA eka pArzva meM brahma yakSa aura kUSmAMDinI haiN| cauthI dizA meM 'bhagavAna zAnti tIrthaka rAya garur3a-yakSa mAnasI-yakSI sahitAya namaH' likhA hai| isa dizA kI zAntinAtha mUrti upayukta alaMkaraNa sahita hai| jalamandira kI padmAvatI pratimA atizayapUrNa batAI jAtI hai| devI ke sAmane nAriyala, kele, kuMkuma, agarabattI, kapUra aura supArI tathA phUla car3hAe jAte haiN| yahA~ manautI karane ke lie sabhI sampradAyoM ke loga Ate haiN| neminAtha basadi-isa sthAna kA sabase pramukha, vizAla (lagabhaga 70 phuTa caur3A, 70 phuTa lambA), nakkAzIdAra pASANa-nirmita mandira lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa prAcIna batAyA jAtA hai (citra kra.66) / yaha to batAyA hI jA cukA hai ki 1424 I. meM vijayanagara ke zAsaka devarAya ne isa mandira kA darzana kara varaMga gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| ataH isakI prAcInatA aura lokapriyatA svata: siddha hai| mandira ke pAsa hI, kintu mandira ke ahAte se bAhara, mAnastambha dikhAI detA hai jo lagabhaga 45 phuTa U~cA hai| usake zIrSa bhAga para cAroM ora kAyotsarga tIrthakara pratimAe~ haiN| yaha stambha dUra se hI dikhAI detA hai aura isake ThIka pAsa se hI maTha ko jAnevAlA rAstA khetoM meM se hokara hai| isa basadi meM praveza pUrva dizA se hai / mandira ke cAroM ora pakkI dIvAla hai aura usakA ahAtA kAphI bar3A hai / ahAte meM eka maNDapa bhI hai / yAtrA yA rathotsava Adi ke samaya usameM bhagavAna virAjamAna kie jAte haiN| mandira ke sAmane khulA stambhoM yukta barAmadA yA maNDapa hai| yahA~ eka dhvajastambha bhI hai jisapara dhvaja phaharAyA jAtA hai| praveza karate hI eka toraNadvAra hai jisapara padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| sopAna-jaMgale se pahale hI donoM ora lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~ce hAthI bane hue haiM / mandira ke prathama pravezadvAra para donoM ora nIce pUrNakumbha kA aMkana hai| usake siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrti hai| dvAra kI caukhaTa para nakkAzI bhI AkarSaka hai| dvAra ke donoM ora dvArapAla bhI pradarzita haiN| isI prakAra yahA~ kannar3a meM do zilAlekha bhI haiM / andara ke vizAla maNDapa meM pItala kI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM AkarSaka matiyA~ makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha sahita haiN| isI kakSa meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha tathA brahmadeva aura padmAvatI devI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| bAIM ora ke choTe garbhagRha meM candraprabha kI pItala kI makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha yukta mUrti hai| yahIM AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| sabase anta ke garbhagRha ke mUlanAyaka neminAtha paryaMkAsana meM haiN| unakI pratimA lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI hai aura kIrtimukha tathA makara-toraNa se alaMkRta hai / usase pahale kA koSTha khAlI hai| mandira se bAhara do zilAlekha aura haiM / dAhinI ora zikharayukta eka kulikA meM kSetrapAla haiN| mandira ke barAmade kI patthara kI chata DhaluA hai| usake AdhAra ke lie pASANa kI hI kar3iyA~ (bImsa) haiN| stambhoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga pacAsa hogii| mandira kI tInoM dizAoM (pRSThabhAga chor3akara) meM mukhamaNDapa haiM / mukhya pravezadvAra ke stambha para nIce donoM ora kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| stambha para ghaNTikAoM kA sAdhAraNa-sA aMkana hai| eka stambha para eka ora kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara, dUsarI ora padmAvatI tathA tIsarI ora eka hAthI aMkita kie gae haiN| isa mandira kI lagabhaga DhAI phuTa U~cI, anantanAtha aura AdinAtha kI khaDgAsana pratimAe~ hoyasala zAsakoM ke
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________________ 58. bakoDa (ji0 zimogA)--halemane basadi meM khaDgAsana tIna tIrthaMkaroM kI kAMsya matiyA~: lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii| 59. bandalike (ji. zimogA)-somezvara (zAntinAtha ?) basadi kA khaNDahara, mukha-maNDapa kA dakSiNa-pUrva kI ora se dRzya /
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________________ TA 60. cikkamAguDi ( ji0 zimogA) ) - basavaNNA basadi kA sAmane kA dRzya, vizAla zilAlekha darzanIya; lagabhaga caudahavIM zatI / 61. udri (ji0 zimogA) -- udri basadi kA bAhya dRzya / zikhara kI viziSTa zailI darzanIya; 5: 9
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________________ 61 A. udri (ji0 zimogA ) - udri basadi : kamala ke AkAra meM utkIrNita chata / 152222222 62. narasiMharAjapura (ji0 cikkamaMgalUra ) - jvAlAmAlinI basadi meM yakSI jvAlAmAlinI kI puSpa mAlAoM se alaMkRta marti /
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________________ 63. kundAdri - pArzvanAtha basadi tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI eka bar3I tathA eka choTI darzanIya mUrti / :
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________________ 64. varaMga -- kere basadi jalAzaya meM sthita mandira kA dRzya /
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________________ 65. varaMga-kere basadi : tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti, aSTa prAtihAryoM kA aMkana / 66. varaMga-neminAtha basadi kA pUrva kI ora kA dRzya /
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________________ 67. kArakala-caturmukha basadi : dakSiNa-pazcima se bAhya dRzya / 68. kArakala-gommaTezvara basadi : gommaTezvara kI vizAla mUrti / /
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________________ 169, kArakala-gommaTezvara basa di : gommaTezvara ke sammukha brahmadeva stambha /
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________________ kArakala / 145 samaya kI mAnI jAtI haiM / yaha mandira yadyapi zilA-nirmita hai tadapi isameM AvaraNa ke lie tAMbe kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa basadi ko 'hire basadi' bhI kahate haiN| varaMga tulanADu (tulu-eka bolI hai usase sambandhita pradeza) ke antargata AtA hai| isa tulu pradeza meM bailoM kI daur3a kI pratiyogitA vizeSa AkarSaNa evaM Ayojana kA viSaya hai| yaha pratiyogitA varaMga meM bhI Ayojita kI jAtI hai / isa pradeza meM viziSTa devatAoM ke utsava kA bhI rivAz2a hai| varaMga meM, hasta nakSatra (pharavarI) meM rathotsava yA yAtrA Ayojita kI jAtI hai| zrutapUjA kA utsava bhI yahA~ manAyA jAtA hai| neminAtha mandira ke pAsa hI kSetra kI ora se calAI jAnevAlI eka pAThazAlA hai| zravaNabelagola ke vartamAna bhaTTAraka svasti zrI cArukItijI kI yaha janmabhUmi hai| Thaharane kI aparyApta suvidhA ke kAraNa yaha parAmarza diyA jAtA hai ki yAtrI mUDabidrI meM ThahareM, vahA~ se basa se Akara yahA~ kI yAtrA kareM / pAsa meM kArakala bhI hai| kucha loga kArakala meM laoNja meM Thahara sakate haiN| sAmAna sahita AnevAle yAtriyoM kA yahA~ ThaharanA asuvidhAjanaka ho sakatA hai| varaMga kSetra kA patA isa prakAra hai zrI varaMga (Varang) digambara jaina maTha, grAma-varaMga, pinakoDa 576144 tAluka-kArakala (Karkal) z2ilA-maMgalora (Mangalore), karnATaka kArakala [42 phuTa U~cI bAhubalI kI mUrti kArakala eka tAluka (tahasIla) hai jo ki maMgalora/maMgalUra z2ile (purAnA nAma dakSiNa kannar3a, South Kanara) ke antargata AtA hai| avasthiti evaM mArga yaha sthAna varaMga se 24 ki. mI., mUDabidrI se 26 ki. mI. aura mUDabidrI hote hue maMgalora se 63 ki. mI. kI dUrI para maMgalora-zimogA mArga para sthita hai| isa mArga para basoM kI acchI suvidhA hai| -- nikaTatama relave sTezana aura havAI aDDA maMgalora hai| uparyukta mArga para calanevAlI baseM yAtrI ko yahA~ ke bAz2Ara meM sthita basa sTeNDa para chor3atI haiN| vahA~ se mUDabidrI kI ora jAnevAlI sar3aka para, lagabhaga eka ki. mI. kI dUrI para, bAhubalI ko vizAla mUrti, prasiddha caturmukha basadi aura jaina maTha tathA dharmazAlA Adi ke lie mArga hai|
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________________ 146 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) jisa kAle raMga kI vRkSahIna choTI pahAr3I para eka caturmukha basadi hai, vaha sar3aka se bilakula lagI huI hai| vahA~ nAgarI meM caturmukha mandira kA borDa lagA hai / kucha aura dUrI para jAne para, maDabidrI kI saDaka jahA~ mur3atI hai, vahA~ bhI 'jaina dharmazAlA' kA borDa nAgarI meM hai| usa para 'jaina pravAsI mandira' (nAgarI meM) aura aMgrejI meM 'Jain Travellers Bungalow' likhA hai / yahA~ se hI bAhubalI kI mUrti ke lie rAstA jAtA hai / mAnastambha nIce se hI dikhAI detA hai| yahIM jaina maTha kA borDa bhI dikhAI detA hai / basa sTaoNpa bhI jaina maTha ke pAsa hai| maTha ke pAsa zrI bAhubalI zrAvikAzrama aura zrI bAhabalI mandira haiN| Age gomaTezvara dharmazAlA hai| isameM sAta kamare aura do haoNla haiM / isakA ahAtA bar3A hai / svaccha , zAnta vAtAvaraNa bhI hai| magara garmiyoM meM yahA~ ThaharanA vizeSa kaSTadAyaka hotA hai| isakA prabandha zrI jaina dharma jIrNoddhAraka saMgha, kArakala (raji.) dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| nagara meM Ane-jAne ke lie ekamAtra sAdhana ATorikzA hai| __ kannaDa meM kArakala (karikallu) kA artha hotA hai 'kAlA patthara' / yahA~ kA grenAiTa patthara bar3I-bar3I mUrtiyA~ nirmita karane ke lie vizeSa rUpa se prasiddha hai| hamAre apane samaya meM hI dillI kI sAr3he teraha phuTa U~cI mahAvIra kI padmAsana mUrti, phIrojAbAda aura dharmasthala kI vizAla bAhubalI pratimAe~ yahIM se banakara gaI haiN| isa prakAra kI zilAe~ anyatra durlabha haiN| kArakala jahA~ jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke lie eka tIrtha-sthAna hai vahIM jainetara janatA ke lie yaha itihAsa aura kalA kA eka anupama kSetra hai| itihAsa prAcIna kAla se hI kArakala eka prasiddha jaina kendra rahA hai, yaha eka samRddha vyApArika nagara to thA hii| isake saMkSipta itihAsa para dRSTipAta karanA ucita hogaa| humacA ke prasaMga meM yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki apane narabhakSI pitA aura vimAtA ke atyAcAroM se pIr3ita jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjakumAra jinadatta ne uttara mathurA se dakSiNa meM Akara sAntara nAmaka rAjavaMza kI nIMva padmAvatI devI kI kRpA se ddaalii| usake uttarAdhikArI jainadharma ke pratipAlaka hI rahe / kintu rAjadhAnI humacA se kalasa aura phira vahA~ se kArakala sthAnAntarita ho gii| bArahavIM sadI ke anta meM isa vaMza ke zAsakoM para liMgAyata mata kA bhI prabhAva ho gayA thA, aisA kucha logoM kA mata hai| kintu kArakala ke aneka zilAlekha isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki kArakala meM lagabhaga 500 varSa (terahavIM se satrahavIM sadI) taka zAsana karane vAle sAntara rAjA mukhya rUpa se jainadharma ke hI anuyAyI bane rahe, bhale hI unhoMne anya dharmoM ke prati udAratA kyoM na dikhAI ho| aisI mAnyatA hai ki padmAvatI devI ne eka bAra 'bhairavI' kA rUpa bhI dhAraNa kara ina zAsakoM kI sahAyatA kI thii| isa kAraNa isa vaMza ke zAsakoM ke nAma ke sAtha bhairava kA bhI prayoga hone lgaa| ye zAsaka hoyasala, vijayanagara aura ikkeri rAjAoM ke sAmanta the| terahavIM zatAbdI kI bAta hai, usa samaya yahA~ jainoM ke lagabhaga 700 ghara the, (aba kArakala meM 50-60 jaina parivAra hI haiN)| sabhI vyApAra Adi karake sarala pariNAmI jIvana vyatIta karate the| kintu yahA~ sAta grAmoM kA 'elanADa kApiTa heggaDe' nAmaka jo zAsaka thA vaha jainoM evaM anya prajAoM para atyAcAra karatA thaa| usI samaya humacA ke jaina zAsaka mUDabidrI kI yAtrA para Aye
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________________ kArakala | 147 hae the| logoM ne unase apane kaSTa kA hAla kaha sunaayaa| isa para bhairavarAya ne hamacA se senA bulAI aura heggaDe ko parAsta kara zAsana se haTA diyaa| phira bhairavarAya ne yahA~ eka rAjamahala aura usake madhya meM eka jina-mandira banavAyA tathA apanI rAjadhAnI ko 'pANDyanagara' nAma diyaa| san 1262 I. meM bhairavavaMzI pANDyadeva ne yahA~ apane hAthiyoM ko pAnI pIne ke lie 'Ane kere' (Ane hAthI, kere tAlAba) kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| kArakala ke samIpa hI Aja bhI sthita 'hiriyaMgaDi' nAmaka sthAna para lokanAtha devarasa ke zAsanakAla meM, 1334 I. meM zrAvakoM ne yahA~ kI prasiddha zAMtinAtha basadi aura 60 phuTa U~cA mAnastambha banavAyA thaa| yahIM, jaina mandiroM ke pAsa hI, san 1416 meM rAmanAtha nAmaka zAsaka ne eka sarovara nirmANa karAke use apanA nAma diyA / yaha Aja bhI 'rAmasamudra' kahalAtA hai| yahA~ ke zAsaka bhairarasa oDeya kA putra jaba 1418 I. meM zravaNabelagola ke gommaTezvara ke darzana karake lauTA to usane bhI aisI hI mUrti kArakala meM banavAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| jaba vaha rAjagaddI para baiThA to usane vartamAna gommaTeza kI vizAla mUrti 1432 I. meM sthApita karAyI / abhinava pANDyadeva ne 1457 I. meM hiriyaMgaDi kI neminAtha basadi ko dAna diyA thaa| hiriya bhairavadeva ne 1462 I. meM yahA~ jaina maTha kI sthApanA karAI jo ki Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| prasaMga yoM upasthita huA ki panasoge aura mUDabidrI donoM ke hI bhaTTAraka usake guru the| eka bAra rAjA ne 'saubhAgya noMvi' nAmaka vrata karane meM sahAyatA ke lie mUDabidrI ke bhaTTArakajI ko nimantrita kiyA kintu mUDabidrI ke zAsaka bhI yahI vrata kara rahe the| isalie unhoMne eka tyAgI ko kArakala bheja diyaa| rAjA isase aprasanna huA aura usane una tyAgI kA hI paTTAbhiSeka karavAkara yahA~ panasoge maTha kI zAkhA sthApita kara dI aura bhaTTArakajI ko lalitakIti nAma de diyaa| ___ immaDi bhairavarAya sabhI dharmoM ke prati sahiSNu thaa| purtagAliyoM ne goA meM atyAcAra kie the| usake pariNAmasvarUpa jaba vahA~ ke sArasvata brAhmaNa isa nareza ke Azraya meM Aye to isa zAsaka ne na kevala unheM Azraya diyA apitu unake lie 'veMkaTaramaNa devasthAna' bhI banavA diyaa| bhairava dvitIya ne 1586 I. meM yahA~ kA suprasiddha caturmukha mandira banavAyA thaa| kIti kA lobha kyA nahIM karA letA / yahA~ ke zAsaka dAmaNi immaDi bhairavarAya ko jaba yaha patA calA ki veNUra meM bhI kArakala jaisI gommaTeza mUrti pratiSThApita honevAlI hai to use lagA ki isase kArakala kI koti kama hogii| isalie mUrti kI pratiSThA ko rokane ke lie usane veNUra ke zAsaka ke viruddha 1602 I. meM yuddha cher3a diyA jisameM vaha hAra gayA thaa| agale zAsaka vIra pANDya ke rAmaya meM veNUra kI ajila rAnI madhurakkA thii| usane veNUra ke gomaTezvara kA mahAmastakAbhiSeka karAnA cAhA to vIrapANDya isase sahamata nahIM huaa| isa para rAnI ne use grAma bheMTa meM diyA taba kahIM mahAmastakAbhiSeka sampanna ho skaa| vIra pANDya se Age isa vaMza kA itihAsa nahIM hai aura na hI unake vaMzaja aba vidyamAna haiN| jo bhI ho, ina zAsakoM ke yuga meM kArakala meM advitIya jaina smArakoM kA nirmANa huA jinheM dekhane vAstuvid, kalApremI aura tIrthayAtrI sabhI Ate haiN|
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________________ 148 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kSetra-darzana caturmukha (caumukhI) basadi yA tribhuvanatilaka caityAlaya--Ajakala ise ina do nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai kintu isake nirmANa sambandhI zilAlekha meM ise 'tribhuvanatilaka jina caityAlaya' aura 'sarvatobhadra caturmukha' kahA gayA hai (dekheM citra kra. 67) / isa mandira ke nirmANa kI bhI eka anuzruti hai / yahA~ ke rAjA bhairavarAya ke zAsanakAla meM eka bAra zRMgerI maTha ke zaMkarAcArya kArakala aaye| rAjA ne unakA AdarapUrvaka svAgatasatkAra kiyaa| jaba ve vApasa jAne lage to rAjA ne unase anurodha kiyA ki ve kucha dina aura kArakala meM ThahareM / isa para zaMkarAcArya narasiMha bhAratI ne kahA ki vaidika devasthAna rahita sthAna para ve adhika nahIM rukeMge / yaha sunakara rAjA ne (1567 I. meM) jo mandira jinendra deva ke lie banavAyA thA usameM hI zeSazAyI viSNu kI mUrti sthApita karavA dI aura usake lie 'netlikArU' gA~va bhI dAna meM de diyaa| Ajakala yaha 'anantazayana devasthAna' kahalAtA hai| sundara zilpakalAyukta yaha mandira bhI yahA~ ke darzanIya sthAnoM meM se eka hai| jaina mandira ke lie prastAvita sthAna ko jainetara mandira ke lie de dene para yahA~ ke bhaTTAraka lalitakIti aprasanna hue| sadA kI bhA~ti jaba rAjA unake darzana ke lie gayA to unhoMne use 'dharmadrohI' kahA / apane gambhIra svabhAva ke anusAra rAjA ne uttara diyA ki rAjA ko samabhAvI yA sabako eka hI daSTi se dekhanevAlA honA cAhie, yahI usakA kartavya hai| phira bhI, usane bhaTTArakajo ko santuSTa karane ke lie yaha pratijJA kI ki vaha 'anantazayana devasthAna' se bhI adhika sundara jaina mandira bnvaaegaa| tadanusAra 'caturmukha basadi' kA kArya prArambha ho gyaa| bAhubalI kI mUrti pahale se hI usake sAmane kI pahAr3I para pratiSThita thii| caturmukha basadi meM 1586 I. kA saMskRta tathA kannar3a meM eka zilAlekha hai| usameM vItarAga ko namaskAra karake kahA gayA hai ki rAjA bhairavendra ne dezIgaNa panasogA ke bhaTTAraka lalikIrti munIndra ke upadeza se yaha mandira bnvaayaa| lekha meM pomburca (humacA) kI padmAvatI aura pArzvanAtha tathA dorbali (bAhubalI) ke AzIrvAda kI kAmanA kI gaI / bhairavendra kI mAtA kA nAma gummaTAmbA thA / bhairavendra jinadattarAya (jaina sAntara vaMza ke saMsthApaka) kA vaMzaja thA aura jina gaMdhodaka se usakA zarIra pavitra thaa| usane niHzreyas sukha kI prApti ke lie kArakala kI pANDyanagarI (kArakala kI upanagarI) meM gummaTezvara ke pAsa kI kailAsagirisannibha cikkabeTa (choTI pahAr3I) para sarvatobhadra (jisameM cAroM ora mUrti hotI haiM) caturmukha ratnatraya rUpa tribhuvanatilaka jina-caityAlaya kA nirmANa svarNakalaza kI sthApanA kara karAyA aura usameM aranAtha, mallinAtha tathA munisuvratanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ tathA pazcima dizA meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ sthApita kraaii| isI lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isake lie telAra nAmaka gA~va dAna meM diyA gayA thA jisase 700 'mUDe' (dhAnya) kI prApti thii| iMjAla aura tallUra gA~voM se bhI Aya hotI thI jisase pUjana kA kharca calatA thaa| nitya pUjana ke lie 14 sthAnika (pujArI) niyukta the| sabase adhika bhIr3a pazcima dvAra kI vedI para hotI thI kyoMki vahA~ caubIso thii| mandira meM basanevAle brahma
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________________ kArakala / 149 cAriyoM ko ATha kambala zani-nivAraNa ke lie aura Avazyaka vastue~ mandira kI ora se dI jAtI thiiN| yaha byaurA zilAlekha meM diyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM yaha mandira sarakAra dvArA saMrakSita smAraka hai| kintu isameM Aja bhI vidhivat pUjana hotI hai| caturmukha basadi kI racanA eka vizAla maNDapa ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai / usakA pravezadvAra unnthai| yahA~ cAroM ora stambhayukta cAra pravezamaNDapa haiN| isI prakAra cAroM ora barAmadA bhI hai| cAroM ora mukhadvAra bhI haiN| UparI AvaraNa DhaluA hai aura bahuta sundara dikhatA hai| vaha eka ke Upara eka zilA sa~jokara banAyA gayA hai| saMbhavataH eka aTUTa caTTAna para nirmita yaha mandira dUra se hI paryaTaka kA dhyAna AkarSita karatA hai / isa mandira me kula 108 stambha haiM jinameM se 40 mandira ke andara haiM aura 68 usase bAhara / usake vizAla 28 stambhoM para vividhatApUrNa sundara nakkAzI hai| garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara pratimA utkIrNa hai| usameM tIna tarapha kramazaH arahanAtha, mallinAtha aura munisuvratanAtha kI pratimAe~ aura cauthI ora caubIsa tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiM / zrutaskandha, brahmadeva aura padmAvatI kI pratimAeM bhI haiM / mUrtiyoM kA Asana utkIrNa hai, aura use pratyeka dizA meM tIna-tIna siMha sa~bhAle hue haiN| yaha Asana vargAkAra hai| garbhagRha ke cAroM ora gandhakUTa haiM, eka usase bAhara aura tIsarA usase bhI bAhara hai| isI prakAra do pradakSiNA-patha haiM tathA tIsarA pradakSiNA-patha bAhara se bhI hai / mandira ke dakSiNa dvAra se pahale sopAna-jaMgalA hai jisapara vyAla aMkita haiN| prathama pravezadvAra ke siradala para gajalakSmI, usase Upara padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura dvArapAla bhI aMkita haiN| usase dAhine stambha para gaNeza kA aMkana hai tathA nIce ke dAhinI ora ke stambha para Apasa meM guMthe sarpa pradarzita haiN| isa mandira meM kAle pASANa kI sAta phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga tIna mUrtiyA~ haiN| ye tInoM alagaalaga kisma ke pASANoM se nirmita haiN| unake pIche koI AdhAra (Support) nahIM hai / unake hAtha aura pairoM ke bIca se daravAz2A (sAmane kA) dikhatA hai| nirmANa kI yaha eka vizeSatA hai| dIpAvalI se eka dina pahale pratimAoM para tila kA tela lagAkara aura unheM poMchakara pUjA kI jAtI hai| isI prakAra yahA~ eka choTA-sA darpaNa lagA hai jisameM isa mandira ke sAmane kI pahAr3I para khar3I bAhubalI kI mUti dikhAI par3atI hai| pazcima dvAra kI ora ATha phuTa U~cA zilAlekha hai| uttara meM, dIvAloM para rAdhA-kRSNa utkIrNa hai / eka varga meM do sarpa aura saMgIta maMDalI kA utkIrNana hai| pravezadvAra ke sAmane ke stambha para 'gajavRSabha' kA sundara aMkana hai-zarIra baila aura hAthI kA kintu mukha eka hI / yadi isako hAtha se AdhA DhaMkA jAe to hAthI aura dUsarA bhAga AdhA DhaMkA jAe to vRSabha dikhAI detA hai / yahIM per3a para car3hatA eka AdamI bhI utkIrNa hai| usake nIce kamala yukta sarovara hai / pUrva dizA meM bhI, nartaka-dala aMkita hai / isa ora ke do stambhoM para kAyotsarga pratimAe~ bhI haiN| dIvAla para rAma, sItA, hanumAna, lakSmaNa aura garur3a utkIrNa haiN| isI prakAra do sAdhu kamaNDalu liye aMkita haiM / anya matoM ke pUjya puruSoM kA bhI aMkana usa yuga ke jainoM kI samadarzitA aura sahiSNutA ke Thosa pramANa haiN| jaina mandiroM meM isa prakAra ke aMkana mandira ke bAhara hI kie jA sakate the| mandira ke cAroM ora stambhoM evaM dIvAla para nAnA prakAra kA sUkSma aMkana hai| use dhyAna se dekhanA caahie| chata meM puSpa kA aMkana mano
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________________ 150 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) hArI hai, vizeSakara sau daloM vAlA eka hI puSpa / pratimAoM ko vizeSa dhyAna se dekhane para, vizeSakara unake antara se dikhanevAle dvAra Adi AzcaryakArI haiN| mandira ke pUrva meM nIce rAmasamudra nAmaka tAlAba dikhAI detA hai aura Agumbe ghATI tathA cAramADi pahAr3iyoM kA suhAvanA dRzya A~khoM ke sAmane pratyakSa ho jAtA hai| kArakala ke gommaTeza zravaNabelagola kI 57 phuTa U~cI bAhubalI pratimA vahA~ ke pahAr3a kI eka caTTAna ko kATakara banAI gaI hai lekina kArakala ke gommaTeza kI mUrti (dekheM citra kramAMka 68) kA nirmANa apane vartamAna sthAna se lagabhaga eka ki. mI. kI dUrI para huA thA aura use vahA~ se vartamAna pahAr3I para lAkara sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| pratimA ke nirmANa kA itihAsa bar3A dilacaspa hai| gommaTeza kI mUti ko pratiSThA I. san 1436 meM huI thii| eka videzI kalAvid vAlahAusa ne likhA hai ki isa mUrti ko dekhakara unheM pariyoM kI kahAnI yAda A jAtI hai ki kisa prakAra unakA qilA thA, usakA parakoTA aura AsapAsa ke prAkRtika dRzya the / yahA~ kI pahAr3I, mUrti aura parakoTA to yaha bhAvanA jagAte hI haiM, usake nirmANa kI rocaka kahAnI koI bhI bar3e cAva se suna aura sunA sakatA hai| hameM isakA vivaraNa caduracandrabha nAmaka kannar3a kavi kI racanA 'kArkalada gomaTezvara carite' (racanA-kAla 1646 I.) meM prApta hotA hai / kavi svayaM isI tulanADu pradeza kA nivAsI thaa| use yahA~ ke zAsaka bhairava rAya kA bho Azraya prApta thaa| san 1418 I. meM rAjA bhairavarAya kA putra (yuvarAja) vIra pANDya bhairarasa uttara deza kI yAtrA karake jaba zravaNavelagola pahuMcA to vahA~ kI bAhubalI mUrti ke darzana kara atyanta Ananda vibhora huaa| vahIM usane mana-hI-mana nizcaya kiyA ki vaha bhI aisI hI pratimA kA nirmANa kArakala meM kraayegaa| san 1432 I. meM vaha rAjya siMhAsana para baiThA aura apanI kIti ajaraamara karane ke lie usane mUrti-nirmANa kA kArya prArambha karavA diyaa| rAjA ko apane mahala ke bAIM ora, pArzva meM hI, tatkAla eka unnata zilA dikhAI pdd'ii| vaha bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti ko apane sAtha lekara zilA dikhAne ke lie nikala par3A / lalitakIrti ke yaha kahane para ki ve jahA~ Aye haiM vahA~ kI vajrazilA se gommaTeza mUrti kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai, rAjA ne tatkAla zilA kI pUjA kI aura isa pratimA ke nirmANa kA kArya samArohapUrvaka zilpiyoM ko sauMpa diyaa| rAjA ne zilpiyoM ko yaha kahakara protsAhita kiyA ki unheM puNya aura yaza kA bhAgI bananA caahie| usake bAda bhaTTArakajI ne zilpiyoM ko bAhubalI kI kathA sunaaii| zubha muhUrta meM rAjajyotiSI kI salAha para yaha kArya prArambha karane se pahale rAjA ne zilpiyoM ko muhUrta-bheMTa dekara saMtuSTa kiyaa| mUrti-nirmANakartAoM ne eka varSa taka tanmayatApUrvaka parizrama zrama karake mati kA sthala AkAra taiyAra kara liyaa| aba yaha samasyA utpanna haI ki mati ko vartamAna pahAr3I para kaise le jAyA jaae| (mUrti apane vartamAna svarUpa meM 42 phuTa U~cI aura lagabhaga 80 Tana vajana kI hai| apanI anagar3ha avasthA meM vaha aura bhI vajanI tathA lambI rahI hogii|) mUrti ko khUba gaThI huI rassiyoM se bA~dhA gayA, aura bIsa pahiyoM kI eka lambI gAr3I banAI gii| isa gAr3I ko khIMcane meM svayaM rAjA, daNDanAyaka, saubhAgyavatI striyA~, puruSa aura
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________________ kArakala / 151 AbAlavRddha haz2AroM loga sammilita hue| jayaghoSa aura gAje-bAje ke sAtha yaha gAr3I bahuta kama Age sarakatI thii| usa samaya usake bhAra se aisA lagatA thA ki pRthvI hila rahI hai / rAjA aura mantrI Adi uccAdhikArI logoM kA utsAha bar3hAte the| logoM kI thakAna dUra karane ke lie rAjA svayaM apane hAthoM se logoM ko mIThe peya padArtha, Ama, khajUra Adi phala tathA khAdya padArtha bA~TatA thaa| rAjA ne gAr3I ke pahiyoM meM bezumAra nAriyala ba~dhavAye the / anta meM mUrti kA yaha sthUla AkAra eka mAha ke parizrama ke bAda vartamAna pahAr3I para pahu~ca gyaa| gommaTeza kI mUrti ko sughar3a rUpa dene kA kArya aba pahAr3I para prArambha huaa| zilpiyoM ke lie rAjA ne 72 khambhoM vAlA eka maNDapa banavA diyaa| rAjA unheM protsAhita karatA rahA thaa| phira bhI mUrti ko vartamAna rUpa dene meM eka varSa aura laga gyaa| jaba pratimA taiyAra huI to use khar3A karane kI atyanta kaThina samasyA sAmane aaii| pahAr3I eka-sI to thI nahIM, use samatala bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thaa| astu, rAjA ne eka hajAra savvala lagavAe aura paccIsa hajAra janatA ne apanI pUrI tAkata lagAkara mUrti ko 13 pharavarI 1432 ke dina apane sthAna para pratiSThita kara diyaa| usa dina kA vAtAvaraNa bhI abhUtapUrva thaa| rAjA svayaM jayajayakAra kara rahA thA, maMgalAcaraNa evaM stuti par3hI jA rahI thIM; kavi,gAyaka aura lalanAe~ komala sumadhura svaroM meM gA rahe the| bAje baja rahe the aura ghaNToM kA ninAda ho rahA thaa| isa avasara para aneka rAjamAnya vyakti aura sAmanta evaM anya rAjA upasthita the| vijayanagara ke rAjA kRSNadevarAya bhI apanI nagarI se isa zabha avasara para Aye the| bAhubalI kI mUrti-stambha ke bAe~ aura dAe~ jo zilAlekha utkIrNa hai usake anusAra, 'zaka rAjA ke virodhyAdikRta varSa arthAt 1353 varSa ke phAlguna zakla, budhavAra ke dina somavaMza ke bhairavendra ke putra zrI vIra pANDyezI yA pANDya rAya ne yahA~ (kArakala meM) bAhubalI kI pratimA banavAkara pratiSThita kraaii| yaha pratimA jayavaMta rahe / yaha kArya unhoMne dezIgaNa ke panasoge zAkhA kI paramparA meM hone vAle lalitakIti munIndra ke upadeza se kiyaa|' gommaTezvara kI mUrti-stambha ke sAmane jo brahmadeva stambha hai usa para bhI yaha Alekha (yahA~ ke loga 'zAsana' kahate haiM) utkIrNa hai ki 'zaka rAjA ke rAkSasa nAma ke 1358veM varSa meM phAlguna zukla 12 ke dina, jinadatta ke vaMzaja bhairava ke putra zrI vIrapANDya nRpati kI pratyeka icchA pUrI karane ke lie pratiSThApita yaha jinabhakta brahma (deva) pratimA tumhArI bhI manokAmanA pUrI kre|' zravaNabelagola kI mUrti kI hI bhA~ti, kArakala meM bAhubalI kI yaha pratimA kaviyoM, lekhakoM evaM kalA-pArakhiyoM meM kavitA, lekhana yA vivecana kA viSaya rahI hai| purAtattva vizArada phargyusana, parsI brAuna, zivarAma mUrti Adi sabhI ne isa para prakAza DAlA hai / Adhunika yuga meM, zrI jI. pI. rAjaratnam ne apanI pustaka 'kArakala kA gommaTa' meM gommaTa sAhitya kA paricaya diyA hai jo marAThI aura tamila Adi bhASAoM meM bhI upalabdha hai| parsI brAuna ne ise 'Carved out of living rock' batAyA hai| phargyusana ne isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki sacamuca yaha mati aura kahIM se banAkara lAI gaI aura yahA~ pratiSThiApita kI gii| gommaTa kA kannar3a meM artha hotA hai-sundara, manohara tathA uttama / jaina purANoM ke anusAra bAhabalI kAmadeva the / ataH manmatha ke lie prayukta zabdoM kA prayoga unake lie bhI huaa|
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________________ - 152 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) eka samaya aisA bhI AyA jaba gommaTeza kI mUrti kA pUjana banda ho gyaa| taba tatkAlIna bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti jI ne usa samaya ke zAsaka dAvaNi immaDi devarAya ko isakA bodha kraayaa| isa rAjA ne sana 1646 kI 16 pharavarI somavAra ko isa mati kA mahAmastakAbhiSeka kraayaa| uparyukta kannar3a kavi ne ise dekhA thA aura usakA varNana kiyA hai| abhiSeka se pahale pUjanAdi kA kAryakrama prArambha huaa| rAjA ne logoM ke Thaharane ke lie pANDyapurI (vartamAna hiriyaMgaDI gA~va jo kArakala se lagA huA hai ) meM 60 dAnazAlAoM (dharmazAlAoM) kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| pUjotsava meM zAmila hone vAloM ke lie 12 bhaNDAroM meM anAja Adi kA saMgraha kiyA gayA thaa| macAna banAne ke lie pA~ca hajAra loga per3a (balliyA~) lAye the / isa kAma meM unheM do mAha lage the| mUDabidrI, keladi Adi kI janatA aura zAsakoM ne kapar3A, ghI Adi padArthoM kA udAra dAna diyA thA / pUjA aura abhiSeka-kArya isa prakAra sampanna huaa| pahale dina hiriyaMgaDI ke neminAtha kA pUjana haa| dUsare dina indrapratiSThA hii| sarvAhna yakSa kI zobhAyAtrA bhI niklii| rAtri ko nAMdI maMgala-vidhi sampanna hii| tIsare dina bIjAropaNa ke lie zuddha miTTI kA saMgraha kiyA gyaa| sone kI thAliyoM meM 18 prakAra kA dhAna boyA gyaa| isake pazcAta sarvoSadhi zaddha jala 12 kalazoM meM bharA gyaa| isa jala se mati zaddhi kI kriyA saMpanna huI / yuvarAja bAhubalI ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda, vairAgya vidhi sampanna huii| unake yogirAja hone kA utsava manAyA gyaa| unakA kevalajJAnotsava bhI huA, aura usake bAda mahAmastakA. bhissek| mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke samaya 32 daNDoM ke maNDapa meM 1008 kumbhoM ko suniyojita DhaMga se rakhA gyaa| unake nIce ghAsa phailAyA gyaa| bAje-gAje ke sAtha saubhAgyavatI striyA~ 1008 kalazoM meM jala laayiiN| isa jala se gommaTeza kI bhajAoM aura mastaka para jala-abhiSeka kiyA gyaa| usake bAda dUdha ke samAna sapheda nAriyala ke pAnI se abhiSeka saMpanna kiyA gyaa| isameM eka lAkha nAriyaloM kA pAnI kAma meM lAyA gayA thaa| tatpazcAta kele ke pake phaloM, gaDa aura cInI se bhare tIna sau ghar3oM, ghI ke 108 kalazoM aura dUdha-dahI se abhiSeka sampanna huaa| phira cAvala ke ATe aura haldI ke cUrga se abhiSeka huaa| cAvala ke ATe se abhiSeka ke samaya pratimA cA~dI jaisI aura haldI se abhiSeka ke samaya sone jaisI lagatI thii| inake bAda kumakUma, kezara, kapUra, candana se abhiSeka huaa| phira sugaMdhita phUloM kI varSA aura zAnti-pUjana navagraha-zAnti-vidhAna bhI kiyA gyaa| saMghapUjA, bhaTTAraka-pAdaprakSAlana, vasaMtotsava ke sAtha mahAmastakAbhiSeka pUrNa huaa| ___ aba yaha mahAmastakAbhiSeka bAraha varSa meM eka bAra sampanna hotA hai aura prativarSa mAgha mAsa meM rathotsava Ayojita kiyA jAtA hai| ___ kAvya-racanAoM, stutiyoM Adi meM bAhubalI ko gummaTa, gommaTa, gommaTeza, gomaTajina, gommaTezvara jina, gommaTa jinendra, gommaTadeva kahA gayA hai| gommaTeza-mUrti-jisa cikkabeTTa (choTI pahAr3I) para yaha mUrti sthApita hai, vaha jamIna se lagabhaga 300 phuTa U~cI hai| usa para jAne ke lie zilA ko hI kATa-kATakara 182 purAnI sIr3hiyA~ aura 30 naI sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiM / pahAr3I itanI U~cI hai ki mUrti ke darzana dUra se hI hote haiM, yahA~ taka ki mUDabidrI kI ora jAne vAlI basa meM se hI mUrti kA kucha bhAga dikhAI de
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________________ kArakala / 153 jAtA hai / pratimA kA mukha uttara kI ora hai / yahA~ leTarAiTa miTTI se bane do prAkAra haiN| bAharI pravezadvAra ke sAmane eka mAnastambha hai / yaha 20 phuTa U~cA hai| usa para khule meM pA~ca phuTa U~cI brahmayakSa kI AsIna mUrti hai (dekheM citra kra.69) / vIra pANDya kA zilAlekha isa stambha para bhI hai isakA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| andara praveza karate samaya pUrva meM zItalanAtha aura pazcima meM pArzvanAtha kI cAra phaTa U~cI matiyA~ haiN| Age dhvajastambha hai| usase Age eka pravezadvAra hai| phira bAhubalI kI mUrti ke darzana hote haiN| gommaTa svAmI kA pAdapITha gola hai aura sahasradala kamala ke aMkana se yukta hai| mUrti pASANa nirmita adhiSThAna para sthita hai aura usake cAroM ora pASANa se hI nirmita vedikA hai| kucha vAstuvidoM kA mata hai ki mUrti kI lambAI aura vajana kI dRSTi se mUrti kA pAdakamala choTA hai jo ki lagabhaga pAMca phuTa hI hai / mUrti kI kula U~cAI 42 phuTa hai / usake dAe~ eka zilAlekha hai aura bAyIM ora 'zrIvIra pANDya' khudA hai jise rAjA ke hastAkSara mAnA jAtA hai| pratimA ke pIche jA~ghoM taka eka zilAphalaka hai jisa para bA~bI aura latAoM kA aMkana hai| pAdatala ke samIpa kI bA~bI se sarpa nikalate dikhAe gae haiN| latAe~ jA~ghoM se lipaTatI huIM, bhujAoM ko sameTatI Upara kandhoM taka calI gayI haiN| mUrti ke udara para trivalaya (tIna rekhAe~) laghutara hotI calI gaI haiN| isI prakAra gale meM bhI rekhAe~ dikhAI gaI haiN| bAla dhuMgharAle haiN| gommaTa svAmI kucha gambhIra zAnta mudrA meM haiM, jo eka tapasyArata zramaNa ke sarvathA ucita hai| _ mUrti isa samaya bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga ke niyantraNa meM eka saMrakSita smAraka ke rUpa meM hai| pUjana hotI hai| gommaTezagiri se pUrA kArakala nagara dikhAI detA hai| yahA~ se nAriyala ke vRkSoM kA sundara dRzya mana ko moha letA hai / yahIM se pazcimI ghATa kI pahAr3iyoM kA pratyakSa citra bhI dekhane yogya hai| bAhubalI ke pIche kI ora lagabhaga eka kilomITara kI dUrI se eka rAjamArga kudremukha jAtA hai| kArakala sthita anya mandiroM kI yAtrA pArzvanAtha mandira-pahAr3I se nIce yaha mandira hai| isameM pArzvaprabhu kI lagabhaga 18 iMca kI padmAsana pratimA hai / sapheda saMgamaramara kI padmAvatI mUrti bhI hai / devI ke camatkAra ke rUpa meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yadi devI kI icchA manokAmanA pUrNa karane kI ho to samIpa meM hI sthita rAmasamudra nAmaka tAlAba meM kamala ke phUla khila uThate haiN| mandira purAnA hai kintu usakA jIrNoddhAra ho cukA hai| candranAtha mandira-digambara jaina maTha meM candranAtha mandira hai| isameM paMcadhAtu kI candraprabha kI khaDgAsana mUrti hai / kUSmANDinI kI bhI pratimA hai| yahIM pASANa kI tIna phuTa U~cI bhaTTArakajI kI gaddI hai / vartamAna bhaTTAraka svasti zrI lalitakIrti jI kI Ayu sAmagrI saMkalana ke samaya (1985 I. meM) 82 varSa thii| lagabhaga 50 varSa pUrva unakA paTTAbhiSeka huA thaa| yahA~ kA maTha 'dAnazAlA maTha' kahalAtA hai|
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________________ 154 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) bAhubalI zrAvikAzrama-isa meM bhI darzana ke lie mUrti hai| isa Azrama meM chaThI-sAtavIM se lekara abhI upAdhi-kakSA taka kI zrAvikAe~ adhyayana karatI haiN| zrI vIrendra heggar3e jI kI mAtA zrImatI ratnammA isakI adhyakSA haiM / yahA~ ke mandira meM solaha svapnoM kA sundara aMkana hai| NamokAra-mantra nAgarI aura kannar3a meM likhA hai / yaha Adhunika mandira hai| bammarAja basadi-maTha se kucha Age bammarAja nAmaka prAcIna basadi hai jisakA jIrNoddhAra ho cakA hai| mandira choTA. DhalaA chata vAlA aura stambhoM se yukta hai| yahA~ pArzvanAtha kI lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI khaDgAsana pratimA hai jisakI sarpakuNDalI ghuTanoM taka AI hai| pratimA ke sAtha makara jala ugalate dikhAe gae haiN| yahIM rAmasamudra nAma kA tAlAba hai| usakA jala mIThA hai aura nahAne Adi ke upayukta hai| ise yahA~ ke rAmanAtha rAjA ne banavAyA thaa| Upara vaNita mandira Adi eka prakAra se maTha-kSetra hai| isI meM gomaTeza dharmazAlA bhI hai jisake tIna alaga-alaga khaNDa haiN| isa kSetra kI sar3aka maTha-roDa yA dAnazAlA-roDa kahalAtI hai| caturmukha basadi ke arcaka pujArI zrI nAbhirAjendra kA nivAsa bhI pAsa hI meM hai| unake ghara meM bhI eka caityAlaya hai jisameM pArzvanAtha aura padmAvatI kI pratimAe~ haiN| zravaNa basadi-maTha ke ThIka sAmane kI sar3aka se hama zravaNa basadi yA candranAtha basadi pahu~cate haiN| isakA nirmANa 1604 I. meM huA thA / yaha mandira humacA-maTha ke adhIna hai| isake mUlanAyaka candraprabha haiM jinakI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI prAcIna pratimA chatratrayI, makara-toraNa se yukta hai evaM kamalAsana para virAjamAna hai| kamalAsana para kannar3a meM lekha hai / yakSI jvAlAmAlinI kI mUrti bhI yahA~ hai| mandira ke stambhoM para pUrNakumbha kA aMkana hai| pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura usase bhI Upara eka vedI meM padmAsana mUrti hai| pUrA mandira moTe-moTe pASANa-stambhoM se nirmita hai| usakA mukhamaNDapa yA sAmane kA barAmadA tInoM ora se khulA hai, utkINita stambhoM para AdhArita tathA DhaluA chata se AcchAdita hai| isa sthAna kI mUrti usI nellikara (Nellikar) pASANa kI banI huI hai jisase caturmukha basadi kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| kere basadi yA caturmukha basadi-kannar3a bhASA meM kere kA artha tAlAba hotA hai| yaha mandira 300 varSa prAcIna batAyA jAtA hai| yaha eka bar3e tAlAba meM banA hai| tAlAba garmiyoM meM sUkha jAtA hai / usa taka jAne ke lie mukhya sar3aka se hI eka U~cA rAstA hai| isameM sopAna-jaMgalA bhI hai| __basadi kA ahAtA bar3A hai| dvAra kI caukhaTa pASANa-nirmita hai| garbhagRha lAla maTIle patthara kA banA hai| garbhagRha ke cAroM ora pradakSiNA-patha hai| pazcima meM U~ce cabUtare para eka zilAlekha bhI hai| isa basadi meM kula 20 stambha haiN| cAroM ora khulA barAmadA hai / mandira jIrNoddhAra kI apekSA rakhatA hai| gola vedI para cAra tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM-pUrva meM AdinAtha, dakSiNa meM candraprabha, pazcima meM zAntinAtha aura uttara meM vrdhmaan| matiyoM para chatratrayI aura yakSa-yakSI bhI haiN| zikhara nahIM hai| aramane basadi-aramane kA artha hai rAjamahala / isa basadi ke sAmane jaina rAjA kA
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________________ kArakala / 155 mahala thA / nAgarI, kannar3a aura aMgrejI meM zrI AdinAtha mandira likhA hai| dvAra para eka hAthI kA citra banA hai| mandira sAmane se eka sAdhAraNa makAna-jaisA lagatA hai| isakA ahAtA bar3A hai| usake sAmane eka khulA barAmadA hai / mandira kI dIvAle vizeSa lAla patthara kI banI haiN| lakar3I kA purAne DhaMga kA, pItala-mar3hA daravAjA hai| mandira meM lakar3I ke hI stambha haiM aura chata bhI lakar3I kI hai| chata DhaluA hai| cAroM ora pradakSiNA-patha hai| basadi meM mahAvIra svAmI kI saMgamaramara kI mUrti hai| AdinAtha evaM anya tIrthaMkaroM kI bhI mUrtiyA~ haiM / zikhara nahIM hai| yakSa-yakSI pItala ke haiM tathA makara-toraNa evaM kIrtimukha se saMyukta haiN| vyantara-stambha-ukta mandira ke dAhinI ora pASANa kA eka choTA stambha hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki usa para 'kalakuDA' nAmaka vyantara kA vAsa hai| mahAmastakAbhiSeka se pahale aura hara mAha saMkrAnti meM pUjana kI jAtI hai tAki kArya nirvighna samApta hote raheM / isI stambha ke pAsa lAla campA phUla kA eka per3a hai jo 300 varSa purAnA batAyA jAtA hai / aba isa z2amIna para jaina hAIskUla bana rahA hai| neminAtha basadi-kArakala se bilkula lagA huA hirayaMgaDI gA~va hai| yahIM sar3aka mandiroM taka jAkara samApta ho jAtI hai| Age pahAr3I A gaI hai| isa choTe se kSetra meM prAcIna neminAtha basadi aura prasiddha mAnastambha hai| __ abbagadevI basadi yA AdinAtha basadi-yaha nAma nAgarI meM bhI likhA hai| ise rAnI abbaga ne banavAyA thaa| yaha lagabhaga 300 varSa purAnA choTA-sA mandira hai jisakA jIrNoddhAra bhI ho cukA hai| isameM mUlanAyaka AdinAtha ko lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI kAle pASANa kI pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| usake ghuTanoM kA navIna citraNa dhyAna dene yogya hai| pIche pItala kA phalaka hai| yahIM sAmane ke dUsare kakSa meM pItala kI pratimAe~ haiN| isake stambha pASANa ke haiN| pradakSiNA-patha bhI hai| chatra TAilsa kI hai| uparyavata mandira ke pAsa lagabhaga 15 phuTa caur3A eka choTA mandira hai| usakI chata bhI TAilsa kI hai| ahAtA avazya kucha baDA hai| yahA~ sucanApaTa lagA hai-zrI karnATaka jaina parohita saMgha' / mandira ke sAmane pIpala kA eka per3a hai jahA~ nAgaphalaka hai / mandira meM do tala vAlI pItala kI vedI hai| usa para saMgamaramara kI mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA hai| pItala kA bhAmaNDala bhI hai| nIce brahmayakSa hai| sarvAhna yakSa ke mastaka ke Upara dharmacakra hai / pItala kA hI eka nandIzvara dvIpa bhI hai| AsapAsa lakar3I kA gherA aura pradakSiNA-patha hai| gammatikArI basadi yA pArzvanAtha basadi-yaha bhI eka choTA mandira hai / yaha kucha jIrNa avasthA meM hai| isameM nellikere pASANa kI hI, lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai / pAdamUla meM yakSa-yakSI haiM / sarpakuNDalI ghuTanoM taka pradarzita hai / mandira kI chata DhaluA aura pASANa-nirmita hai| sATha phuTa U~cA manohara mAnastambha-uparyukta mandira se sar3aka ke anta meM eka bahuta U~cA mAnastambha dikhAI detA hai| yaha purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai / eka hI zilA se nirmita yaha mAnastambha lagabhaga 60 phuTa U~cA batAyA jAtA hai| isakA nirmANa 1553 I. meM huA thA / yaha tIsa mIla dUra, bArakura se lAyA gayA thaa| anuzruti hai ki ise lAte samaya rAjA se yaha bAta
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________________ 156 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) huI thI ki vaha ise mUDabidrI le jaayegaa| kintu yadi nadI pAra karake sUryAsta se pahale vahA~ nahIM pahu~ca sakA to yaha kArakala meM hI sthApita kara diyA jaayegaa| isameM hAthI Adi kI sundara nakkAzI hai aura uttama mAnastambhoM meM isakI gaNanA hotI hai| isake cAroM ora kAyotsarga tIrthakara pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiN| isI ke pAsa eka dhvajastambha bhI hai| cAma basadi yA AdinAtha basadi-bAIM ora yaha mandira hai| cAma eka nAma hai| mandira choTA hai-lagabhaga 20 phuTa caur3A / zikhara nahIM hai / sopAna-a~galA hai| pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrti hai aura nIce pUrNa-kumbha hai / sArA mandira sthAnIya lAla patthara kA hai| Upara grenAiTa kI chata hai / mUlanAyaka AdinAtha kI lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI pratimA khaDgAsana meM hai| ___ anantanAtha basadi-zravaNa basadi kI lAina meM yaha mandira sthita hai / usake sAmane bAraha stambhoM kA khulA bhadramaNDapa hai| sopAna-jaMgalA bhI hai| kAle pASANa kI tIna phuTa U~cI anantanAtha kI khaDgAsana pratimA yakSa-yakSI tathA azoka vRkSa sahita hai / mUrti kI prabhAvalI pASANa kI hai| mandira kI dIvAle sthAnIya lAla patthara kI haiM / cAroM ora 22 stambha haiM aura tIna ora se khulA barAmadA hai| chata para TAilsa aura kalaza haiN| guru basadi-uparyukta mandira ke pAsa hI hai / isake sAmane cAra stambhoM kA bhadramaNDapa hai| praveza-mArga para tIna phuTa U~ce do susajjita hAthI nirmita haiM / pravezadvAra ke donoM ora dvArapAla haiN| nIce haMsa aura pUrNakumbha aMkita haiN| siradala para padmAsana tIrthakara mUrti hai| eka aura vedI meM, kAMsya kI makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha yukta caubIsI hai / anya tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ bhI haiM / lakar3I kA gandhakUTa bhI yahA~ hai| pItala kI eka caukora caubIsI bhI isa mandira meM hai| isake stambha pASANa ke haiN| pIche kI ora patthara kI jAlI hai| bAhara tIna phuTa caur3A barAmadA hai| stambhoM kI kula saMkhyA 22 hai| barAmade kI DhaluA chata pASANa kI hai| Upara tIna choTe-choTe kalaza haiN| chata TAilsa kI hai| bhaTTAraka smAraka-mandira ke dAhinI ora eka niSadhikA hai| yahA~ eka adbhuta bhaTTAraka smAraka hai| tIna zilAoM para aMkana hai| zilAe~ alaga-alaga haiM magara jur3I huI haiN| unake zIrSa bhAga meM neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura vardhamAna kI mUrtiyA~ padmAsana meM haiN| nIce 12 muniyoM ke citra aMkita haiM jinake nAma haiM (Upara kI paMkti meM) : 1. kumudacandra, 2. hemacandra, 3. cArukIrti NDatadeva, 4. zrutamuni, 5. dharmabhUSaNa aura 6. pUjyapAda svaamii| nIce kI paMkti meM 1. vimalasUri, 2. zrIkIrti, 3. siddhAntadeva, 4. cArukIrtideva, 5. mahAkIti aura 6. mahendrakIrti / / isa smAraka meM eka pustaka dikhAI gaI hai| usake pAsa pratyeka ora bIca meM bhaTTAraka haiM aura nIce do bhaTTAraka kisI viSaya para carcA karate dikhAe gaye haiM / yaha smAraka apane DhaMga kA eka hI hai| hire basadi yA neminAtha basadi-yaha yahA~ kA prasiddha prAcIna mandira hai| yaha mAnastambha ke pIche hai| nAgarI meM nAma bhI likhA huA hai| mAnastambha to isake sAmane ho hI gyaa| sAmane hI balipITha aura dhvajastambha bhI haiM / mandira bar3A bhavya hai / caturmukha mandira ke bAda, bar3e mandiroM meM isakI gaNanA hotI hai| yaha basadi pASANa nirmita hai| isakA nirmANa pANDya cakravartI ke kAla
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________________ kArakala / 157 meM 1319 I. meM huA thaa| uparyukta basadi kA pravezadvAra trizAkhA prakAra kA hai| usameM nIce pUrNakumbha aura siradala para tIrthaMkara kI mUrti hai| dvAra lagabhaga 15 phuTa U~cA hai / mandira meM jAne ke lie sopAna-jaMgalA hai| isakA dvAra bhI lagabhaga pandraha phuTa U~cA hai| siradala para bhI padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrti hai| nIce dvArapAla pradarzita haiM / garbhagRha meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI lagabhaga sAta phuTa U~cI padmAsana mUrti hai jo 600 se adhika varSa purAnI batAI jAtI hai| prabhAvalI pASANa kI hai| mati ke pIche kA phalaka makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha yukta hai| mUrti kA Asana pASANa kA hai| mUrti kI paoNliza abhI bhI camakadAra hai| garbhagRha kA dvAra pItala kA hai / eka dUsare prakoSTha meM kAMsya kI kI choTI-choTI mUrtiyA~ haiN| ve bhI 600 varSa purAnI batAI jAtI haiN| eka tIsare koSTha meM kAle pASANa kI AdinAtha kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha sahita hai / brahmayakSa kI mUrti bhI hai / mandira kI chata para kamala-puSpoM kA sundara-aMkana hai| pradakSiNA-patha kI saMyojanA bhI hai| praveza-maNDapa meM 12 stambha haiM / praveza karate hI dAhinI ora kSetrapAla aura usI ora 'jinavANI' hai (eka bhAmaNDala sAmane lagA hai) / yahI hai 'zrI neminAtha zrutabhaNDAra' / mandira ke sAmane 12 stambhoM kA bhadramaNDapa bhI hai| usase Age gopura yahA~ phAlguna mAsa meM pUrNimA ke dina rathotsava hotA hai| AdinAtha mandira-neminAtha basadi se dAhinI ora ahAte meM hI yaha eka choTA mandira hai| isameM paMcadhAtu kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI AdinAtha kI pratimA hai| siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura nIce pUrNakumbha haiN| yahA~ ke do stambhoM para sundara nakkAzI hai / mandira lagabhaga bAraha phuTa caur3A hai| candraprabha mandira--yaha AdinAtha mandira ke sAmane hai| isameM bhI paMcadhAtu kI candraprabha kI cAra phuTa U~cI pratimA hai / zeSa vivaraNa AdinAtha mandira ke samAna hai| sparzamalA pahAr3I-neminAtha basadi ke pIche 'sparzamalA pahAr3I' hai| anuzruti hai ki hAthI ke paira kI jaMjIra isake patthara ke samparka meM Ane se sone kI ho gaI thii| yahA~ eka suraMga bhI hai| neminAtha basadi-yaha basadi avazya dekhane yogya hai| usameM Upara tA~bA lagA hai tAki vajana kama rhe| zikhara nahIM hai| tIna choTe kalaza haiN| nIce kavelU lage haiN| ___ammanavara basadi-yaha basadi mAnastambha ke dAhinI ora hai / isake praveza-stambha para eka zilAlekha hai| sAmane mAnastambha ke pAsa dhvajastambha bhI hai| praveza-dvAra ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara mati hai| malanAyaka pArzvanAtha kI mati pItala kI hai| usake pIche makara-toraNa evaM kIrtimakha hai| eka hI paMkti meM AdinAtha se vardhamAna svAmI taka caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI eka hI AkAra kI kAle pASANa kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM chatratrayI se yukta lagabhaga do phuTa U~cI pratimAe~ haiM jo bar3I bhavya lagatI haiN| eka kulikA meM sarasvatI kI tIna phuTa U~cI pratimA hai| prabhAvalI pItala kI hai| dUsarI ora padmAvatI kI tIna phuTa U~cI mUrti hai joki humacA kI padmAvatI mUrti se bar3I hai| pItala kA do phuTa kA nandIzvara bhI hai| pUrNakumbha aura pavitra granthi kA bhI aMkana hai| garbhagRha se bAhara ke koSTha meM pItala ke phrema meM aneka kAMsya-mUrtiyA~ haiM / samavasaraNa
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________________ 158 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) tathA ca~varadhArI Adi bhI aMkita haiM / uparyukta pUrA hI mandira pASANa kA hai| usako chata para kamala-puSpoM kA manohArI aMkana hai| bAraha stambha aise haiM jo nIce se Upara taka sundara nakkAzI ke kAma se saje haiN| stambhoM para kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara, motiyoM kI mAlAe~, hAthI, pUrNakumbha, natya karatI bAlAe~ aura madaMgavAdaka utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| ye aMkana mandira ko bhavyatA pradAna karate haiN| cAroM ora DhaluA chana hai / patthara kA choTA zikhara bhI hai| mandira lagabhaga 60 phuTa x 40 phuTa hai| gururAya basadi yA candraprabha mandira-isameM kAle pASANa kI candraprabha kI cAra phuTa U~cI mUrti hai| prabhAvalI nahIM hai| pASANa ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para Upara padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura nIce dvArapAla haiN| mandira chaTA hai| zikhara nahIM hai / tA~be kA choTA kalaza hai, chata TAilsa kI hai| yahA~ mandira kI dIvAla para aura ahAte meM zilAlekha haiN| khule barAmade ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para bhI padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura nIce pUrNakumbha kA aMkana hai / mandira choTA hai| __ aDDageri basadi-isa basadi ke mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiN| unakI pASANa-pratimA cAra phuTa U~cI hai / prabhAvalI bhI usI meM hai| mandira choTA hI hai| mAnastambha ke AsapAsa nau mandira haiN| kArakala meM kula 21 mandira haiN| bhujabali brahmacaryAzrama-isa nAma kA gurukula bhI idhara hI hai| isameM lagabhaga 80 chAtra nivAsa karate haiM / Azrama meM vardhamAna mandira nAmaka nayA mandira hai| kSetra kA patA isa prakAra hai svastizrI bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti jI, zrI digambara jaina maTha, dAnazAlA roDa, (jaina maTha roDa). po. kArakala (Karkal), pinakoDa-574104 z2ilA-maMgalora (Mangalore), karnATaka
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________________ mUDabidrI / 159 mUDabidrI a~grez2I nakzoM meM isa sthAna ke nAma Mudabidri tathA Mudabidre donoM die gae haiN| kSetra kI paricaya - pustaka meM Mudabidre hai jo nakzoM meM nahIM milegA / isa sthAna kA sarakAra dvArA mAnya evaM pracalita vAstavika nAma mUDabidrI hI hai / kintu uccAraNa-vibhinnatA ke kAraNa loga ise 'mUlabadrI' (uttara evaM madhya bhArata ke loga yaha nAma adhika jAnate haiM) tathA 'mUlabidrI' yA 'mUDabadrI' bhI kaha jAte haiN| dhArmika niSThAvAna kucha loga zravaNabelagola ko jainabadrI tathA mUDabidrI ko 'mUlabadrI' tathA 'jaina kAzI' bhI kahate haiM / zilAlekhoM meM isa sthAna ko 'veNupura' yA 'vaMzapura' tathA 'vratapura' kahA gayA hai| kisI samaya yahA~ bA~soM kA ghanA jaMgala rahA hogA isalie vaMza (bA~sa) pura kahalAyA / veNu kA artha bA~sa hotA hai / yahA~ aneka sAdhu- vratI logoM kA kisI samaya nivAsa hone ke kAraNa ise 'vratapura' bhI kahA gayA / sa do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| muDa (pUrva ) aura bidiru (bA~sa) arthAt vaha sthAna jo maMgalora Adi baMdaragAhoM ke pUrva meM hai aura jahA~ bA~sa ke vana haiM / mUvI eka choTA kintu prasiddha sthAna hai / yaha kArakala tAluka (tahasIla) aura maMgalora z2ile ke antargata hai / yaha jilA pahale dakSiNa kannar3a z2ilA kahalAtA thA kintu aba yaha maMgalora z2ilA kahalAtA hai / avasthiti evaM mArga kArakala se mUDabidrI kevala 26 ki. mI. dUra hai / veNUra se lagabhaga 25 ki. mI. aura maMgalora se 37 ki.mI. kI dUrI para yaha sthAna hai| mUDabidrI ke lie basoM kA sabase acchA sAdhana maMgalora se hai / vahA~ se lagabhaga hara Adhe ghaNTe para basa yahA~ AtI hai / jaina maTha basa sTaiNDa se eka ki.mI. dUra hai| Ane-jAne kA sAdhana TaiksI aura oNTo-rikzA hai / baMgalora se maMgalora mukhya mArga yahIM se hokara jAtA hai / isalie baMgalora (391 ki.mI.) aura maisUra (326 ki.mI.) se bhI yaha sthAna sIdhA jur3A huA hai | zravaNabelagola se yahA~ sIdhe Ane ke lie 'cannarAyapaTTaNa' (zravaNabelagola se 13 ki.mI.) yA hAsana ( zravaNabelagola se 51 ki.mI.) se basa-mArga hai / bambaI se maMgalora kI kula dUrI 936 ki.mI hai aura isake lie bahuta sI ArAmaTE baseM bambaI aura maMgalora AtI-jAtI haiM / nikaTatama havAI aDDA aura baMdaragAha maMgalora hai / sabase pAsa kA relave sTezana bhI maMgalora hI hai| dillI se maMgalora taka maMgalora eksapresa ( jayaMtI janatA) tathA kerala eksapresa lagabhaga pratidina yahA~ AtI haiM / madrAsa se bhI maMgalora taka sIdhI gAr3iyA~ haiM / sa lunA pradeza meM sthita hai / tulu eka bolI kA nAma hai aura nADu kA artha z2ilA hotA hai / yaha bhUbhAga apanI hariyAlI, prAkRtika pahAr3I saundarya, kAjU, , nAriyala Adi ke lie bhI prasiddha hai / sahyAdri parvata ko kRpA se yahA~ varSA bho acchI hotI hai aura jalavAyu
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________________ 160 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) samazItoSNa tathA svAsthyavardhaka hai| kerala kA sundara pradeza bhI maMgalora se 20 ki. mI. ke lagabhaga Age bar3hane para prArambha ho jAtA hai / mUDI kI vibhinna vargoM meM prasiddhi isa prakAra hai - ( 1 ) zraddhAlu tIrthayAtrI yaha Ava zyaka mAnatA hai ki zravaNabelagola kI yAtrA ke bAda yahA~ kI yAtrA vaha avazya kre| vaise bhI yahA~ kA jaina maTha zravaNabelagola kI hI eka zAkhA hai / ( 2 ) vidvAnoM evaM anusaMdhAnakartAoM ke lie yaha eka pramukha sthAna hai / yahIM se dhavala, jayadhavala aura mahAdhavala nAmaka mUlagrantha tADapatroM para prApta hue the / yahA~ bahuta-se tADapatrIya grantha haiM / tADapatrIya granthoM kI likhAI aura raMgIna citrakArI Azcaryajanaka haiM / sva0 sAhU zAntiprasAdajI dvArA sthApita ramArAnI jaina zodha saMsthAna Adhunika suvidhAoM se yukta hai / ( 3 ) kalAvidoM ke lie bhI yaha kSetra vizeSa AkarSaka hai / yahA~ kA eka hajAra khambhoM vAlA 'tribhuvanatilakacUr3AmaNi' yA 'candranAtha mandira, yahA~ ke mandiroM meM pakI miTTI (clay) Adi kI prAcIna pratimAe~ tathA kucha durlabha pratimAe~ (vizeSa prabandha dvArA dekha sakate haiM) na kevala kalAvidoM para apitu tIrthayAtriyoM para bhI eka sthAyI smRti chor3atI haiM / (4) kucha pAzcAtya vAstuvidoM ne yaha likhA hai ki yahA~ kI mandira nirmANa kalA (DhaluA, laghutara hotI jAtI chateM, gavAkSa Adi) nepAla aura tibbata kI bhavana-nirmANa kalA se mela khAtI hai| donoM kalAoM kA mela kaba kaise huA yaha unheM Azcarya meM DAlatA hai / kintu gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra karane se yaha tathya sAmane AegA ki tulunADu meM jagaha-jagaha DhaluA chata ke mandira haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki isa pradeza meM varSA bahuta adhika aura joroM se hotI hai / ataH yahA~ ke makAna aura mandira DhaluA chata ke banAe jAe~ to koI Azcarya nahIM honA cAhie / yahA~ se kucha hI dUra, kerala ke kucha mandiroM kI chateM to aura bhI AzcaryakArI haiM / unameM se kucha kI chateM to aisI lagatI haiM jaise koI chatarI AdhI khola dI gaI ho| itanI gola aura DhAladAra chateM haiM vahA~ kI / kAraNa vahI - teja varSA kA honA hai / (5) uttara bhArata se Ane vAle yAtriyoM ko yaha dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai ki yahA~ rAta meM bhI pUjana hotI hai aura kelA, nAriyala Adi car3hAe jAte haiM / phala - puSpa to sthAnIya upaja ke kAraNa caDhAe jAte haiM yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu rAtri meM pUjana, dhUmadhAma se AratI, dIpakoM kI mAlA, caraNAmRta jaisI prathAe~ usa kAla kA smaraNa dilAtI haiM jaba jainadharma ko vaiSNava, zaivoM Adi ke kAraNa ghora saMkaTa kA sAmanA karanA par3A thA aura apane dharma kI rakSA ke lie jaina guruoM, usake anuyAyiyoM ko anya matoM kI bhI kucha bAteM apanA lenI par3I hoMgI / jo bhI ho, mUDabidrI kA yaha kSetra aise hI aneka kAraNoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / prAcIna vaMzapura yA veNupura saMbandhI zilAlekhoM meM yahA~ ke logoM kI pravRtti, sampannatA, prAkRtika saundarya Adi kA paricaya milatA hai / yahA~ kI hosa basadi ( nayA mandira ) jo ki 'tribhuvanatilakacUDAmaNi caityAlaya' kahalAtI hai, ke kama se kama cAra zilAlekhoM meM isa prakAra kA varNana hai / eka zilAlekha meM kahA gayA hai ki "sundara bAga-bagIcoM, sugandhita puSpoM kI gandha se yukta pavana, cahu~ ora suzobhita bAhya pradezoM se ghirA huA, uttama jina mandiroM se pavitra, sundara bhavanoM se zobhita yaha vaMzapura devAMganAoM ke samAna puNyAtmA striyoM ke nivAsa ke kAraNa manohara hai / " isI prakAra eka aura zilAlekha kA kathana hai ki "vakSa-bhAra se kucha jhukI huI, hAroM ke
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________________ mUDabidrI | 161 bhAra se lacakatI huI, kSINa kaTivAlI nAriyA~ kisake citta meM prema kA saMcAra nahIM krtiiN| sajjanoM kA samaya kAvyazAstra kI carcA meM (kAvyazAstra vinodena) vyatIta hotA hai isa ukti ko sArthaka karane vAle vidvAnoM se tathA hIrA, pannA, motI Adi bahumUlya ratnoM evaM rezama Adi bahumUlya vastroM ke vikretAoM se yaha nagara suzobhita hai|" kSetra kA itihAsa mUDabidrI kSetra kA itihAsa bhI atyanta prAcIna jAna par3atA hai / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne apane muni-jIvana ke 70 varSoM meM ghUma-ghUmakara jaina-dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| unakA vihAra dakSiNa meM bhI haA thaa| ve nAga jAti kI eka zAkhA uragavaMza ke the (uraga kA artha bhI sarva hotA hai)| DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina kA mata hai : "unake samaya meM pUrva, pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM aneka prabala nAga-sattAe~ rAjatantroM athavA gaNatantra ke rUpa meM udita ho cakI thIM aura ina logoM ke iSTa-devatA pArzvanAtha hI rahe pratIta hote haiN|" tulanADu aura samIpavartI kerala meM nAga-pUjA aura pArzvanAtha kI atyadhika mAnyatA, unake yakSa dharaNendra aura yakSI padmAvatI ke mandira yA sambandhita camatkAra sambhavataH isI tathya kI puSTi karate haiN| - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyI jaina rAjAoM meM hemAMgada deza (karnATaka meM sthita) ke jIvandhara aura sAlvadeza ke rAjA kA bhI nAma AtA hai| isake sambandha meM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA' nAmaka grantha meM likhA hai : "dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjAoM meM sAlava nAmaka eka rAjavaMza kA ullekha milatA hai| sAlvamalla jinadAsa tuluvadeza para zAsana karate the|" svayaM mahAvIra svAmI ne bhI dakSiNa meM vihAra kiyA thaa| __ zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya kA zravaNabelagola ke candragiri parvata para Agamana aura tapasyA sambandhI vRttAntoM aura zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki bAraha haz2Ara muniyoM ke saMgha meM se kevala AcArya bhadrabAhu aura candragupta hI isa giri para raha gae the aura zeSa muniyoM ko dakSiNa bheja diyA gayA thA / sambhava hai kucha muniyoM kA isa ora bhI vihAra huA ho / yaha ghaTanA IsA pUrva 365 se pahale kI hai jaba AcArya bhadrabAhu ne zarIra tyAgA thaa| IsA kI dUsarI sadI meM karahATaka (mahArASTra) meM kadamba nAmaka rAjavaMza kI sthApanA huii| usake uttarAdhikArI mayUravarman (cauthI sadI) ne apanI rAjadhAnI banavAsi (karnATaka) meM sthAnAntarita kii| usakA eka uttarAdhikArI kAkutsthavarman jainadharma kA poSaka thaa| usakA putra mRzevarman (450-478 I.) bhI jaina dharma kA anuyAyI aura jaina guruoM kA Adara karane vAlA zAsaka thaa| sambhavataH inhI zAsakoM ke samaya meM arthAt IsA kI pAMcavIM sadI meM tulanADu para isa jinabhakta vaMza kA Adhipatya ho gayA thaa| mUDabidrI sambandhI eka anuzruti kA sambandha sAtavIM zatAbdI se batAyA jAtA hai| usa samaya mUDabidrI meM jainadharma pratipAlakoM kA abhAva ho gayA thA aura yahA~ ghanA jaMgala dRzyamAna thaa| usa sadI meM zravaNabelagola se eka munirAja kA isa kSetra meM vihAra huaa| isa sthAna para pahu~cakara unhoMne eka jagaha (jahA~ isa samaya siddhAnta basadi hai) eka apUrva dRzya-eka siMha aura eka gAya ko eka sAtha vicaraNa karate-jaba dekhA to unheM aisA anubhava huA ki isa
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________________ 162 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) sthAna meM koI-na-koI atizaya avazya hai / anantara unheM vahA~ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI eka vizAla evaM bhavya prAcIna pratimA ke darzana hue| unhoMne IsvI san 714 meM usakI pratiSThA karavAI aura eka mandira banavAyA jo ki Age calakara 'guru basadi' kahalAyA (prAcIna nAma pArzvanAtha basadi hai)| dasavIM zatAbdI meM tulanADu kA zAsana alupa yA aluvavaMzI sAmantoM ke hAthoM meM A gyaa| ve bhI jinendrabhakta the| isI vaMza ke rAjA kulazekhara alupendra prathama (bArahavIM sadI) ke zAsanakAla meM tulanADu meM jainadharma ko rAjakIya prazraya prApta thaa| mUDabidrI ke eka zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki kulazekhara tRtIya (1355-1590) ne mUDabidrI kI guru basadi (pArva mandira) ko dAna diyA thaa| isa lekha meM kulazekhara ko bhaTTAraka cArukIti ke 'zrIpAdapadmArAdhaka' kahA gayA hai| yaha rAjA bar3A vaibhavazAlI thA aura ratnakhacita siMhAsana para baiThatA thaa| * tuludeza baMgavADi ke baMgavaMza ke bhI adhIna rahA / yaha vaMza 1100 se 1600 taka pRthak astitva meM rhaa| isake sabhI rAjA jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| pahale yaha vaMza hoysala zAsakoM kA sAmanta rahA / vIra narasiMha baMganarendra (1245-1275 I.) eka kuzala aura vidyAvyasanI zAsaka thaa| usake guru AcArya ajitasena the| solahavIM sadI meM yaha vaMza vivAha-saMbaMdha dvArA kArakala ke bhairarasa kala se saMyakta ho gyaa| vaha vaMza jinadattarAya (hamacA meM sAntara vaMza ke saMsthApaka jaina rAjA) kI kula-paramparA meM thaa| zilAlekhoM meM tolahAra jaina zAsakoM 1169 I. kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| kAlAntara meM sAmantagaNa hoyasala rAjavaMza kI adhInatA se svatantra ho ge| inameM cauTara vaMzIya rAjA bhI the jinakA ullekha 1690 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM milatA hai| inhoMne mUDabidrI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki inhoMne lagabhaga sAta sau varSoM taka yahA~ rAjya kiyaa| ye jainadharma ke pratipAlaka the| inake vaMzaja Aja bhI mUDabidrI meM apane jIrNa-zIrNa mahala meM rahate haiM aura sarakAra se peMzana pAte haiN| ___ sAlva rAjavaMza kA, hADuvalli kA mahAmaNDalezvara mallirAya parama jinabhakta thaa| mUDabidrI kisI samaya usake adhIna thA aisA ullekha yahA~ ke zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai| ___ mUDabidrI, vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke patana ke bAda, TIpU sulatAna ke adhikAra meM A gyaa| usake bAda yahA~ briTiza zAsana rahA aura 1956 meM maisUra rAjya (vartamAna karnATaka) meM sammilita kara diyA gyaa| kSetra-darzana zrI jaina maTha-baMgalora-maMgalUra sar3aka ke ekadama kinAre aura mUDabidrI ke lagabhaga bIcoM-bIca sthita 'jaina maTha' sAmane se sAdhAraNa dumaMjilA makAna dikhAI detA hai| usake pAsa hI dharmasthala Adi kI dUrI batAne vAlA mIla kA patthara lagA hai| pravezadvAra para nAgarI lipi meM zrI jaina maTha, usake nIce romana meM yahI nAma aura unase bhI nIce zrI pArzvanAtha svAmI, zrI dAnazAlA jaina maTha likhA hai| yaha sthAna AbAdIvAlA sthAna hai / prAyaH sabhI baseM maTha ke sAmane se AtI-jAtI haiM / maTha meM praveza karate hI pArzvanAtha kA choTA-sA mandira
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________________ mUDabidrI | 163 vizeSakara rAtri ke samaya raMga-biraMge balboM se prakAzita dikhAI detA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki maisUra pradeza ke samIpastha dvArasamudra (Adhunika halebiDa) kA jaina rAjA viSNuvardhana jaba vaiSNava ho gayA (kucha itihAsakAroM ke mata se, vaha vaiSNava nahIM huA, jaina hI rahA AyA) taba usane jainoM para atyAcAra kie / sambhava hai, bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdI meM jainoM para atyAcAra hue hoN| kahA jAtA hai ki tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM zravaNabelagola para bhI A~ca AI / vahA~ ke maTha ke bhaTTAraka cArukIrtijI maTha meM surakSita tADapatrIya zAstroM Adi ko surakSA ke lie cintita ho utthe| bhramaNa karate hue ve mUDabidrI Aye aura unhoMne yahA~ para jaina maTha kI sthApanA karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| yaha kArya san 1220 I. meM sampanna huaa| zravaNabelagola tathA baMkApura se dhavala, jayadhavala Adi tAr3apatroM para likhe evaM citrita mUlyavAna granthoM Adi ko yahA~ surakSita rakhA gyaa| tabhI se yaha maTha zravaNabelagola ke jaina maTha kI eka zAkhA mAnA jAtA hai aura yahA~ ke bhaTTAraka bhI cArukIti kahalAte haiN| vartamAna bhaTTArakajI kA bhI nAma svastazrI paNDitAcArya cArukIti bhaTTAraka hai| unakA paTTAbhiSeka 1976 I. meM huA thaa| bhaTTArakajI kA nivAsa-sthAna bhI isI maTha meM hai| maTha kA bhavana kAphI purAnA lagatA hai| usameM lakar3I ke moTe-moTe stambha haiM aura lakar3I kI hI chata hai| ____ maThada (maTha kI) basadi-isameM kAle pASANa kI Der3ha phITa U~cI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti hai| yahIM para pUjana Adi, jinameM AratI bhI sammilita hai, evaM anya vidhAna sapanna hote haiN| yahA~ kI dIvAla para bharata-bAhubalI ke milana kA sundara citra bhI banA hai| rAtri ko raMga-biraMge prakAza kI chaTA hotI hai| ____ maTha meM prabandhaka kA kAryAlaya bhI hai| bhaTTArakajI kI svIkRti se tAr3apatra para likhe durlabha granthoM aura durlabha pratimAoM ke vizeSa darzana kI bhI vyavasthA hai| ise 'siddhAnta-darzana' kahate haiN| maDabidrI meM Thaharane ke lie tIna sthAna haiN| 1. sva0 sAhU zAntiprasAdajI dvArA sthApita ramArAnI jaina zodha saMsthAna meM cAra phlaiTa haiN| sabhI suvidhAoM se yukta ye phlaiTa vidvAnoM, viziSTa vyaktiyoM, anusaMdhAna-kartAoM ke lie haiM / 2. saMsthAna ke sAmane pArzvakIti gesTahAusa hai| isameM nIce do aura Upara pA~ca-isa prakAra sAta bar3e kamare snAnAgAra sahita haiN| aura bhI kamare banavAne kI yojanA hai| 3. purAnI dharmazAlA (maTha se kucha dUrI pr)| isakI hAlata acchI nahIM hai / dharmazAlA ke jIrNoddhAra ke lie maTha prayatnazIla hai| ____ maTha meM TelIphona kI bhI vyavasthA hai| ramArAnI jaina zodha saMsthAna--yaha maTha ke ahAte meM hI hai| ise sva. sAhU zAnti prasAdajI jaina ne apanI dharmaparAyaNA patnI ramArAnI ke nAma para unakI smRti meM banavAyA thaa| yahA~ vibhinna granthoM kI lagabhaga cAra hajAra pANDulipiyA~ haiN| anusaMdhAnakartAoM ke lie yaha eka viziSTa kendra hai| vizeSa AkarSaNa hai una granthoM kA jo ki tAr3apatroM para likhe hue haiN| mUDabidrI ke mandiroM kA paricaya dene se pahale yahA~ kI mUrtiyoM kI vizeSatA ke bAre meM jAna lenA upayukta hogaa| mUDabidrI vibhinna dhAtu Adi padArthoM aura vibhinna U~cAiyoM kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA eka adbhuta saMgrahAlaya hai / yahA~ Adhe aMgula se lekara nau phITa (pArzvanAtha
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________________ 164 / bhArata meM digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) pratimA, gurubasadi meM) taka U~cI pratimAe~ vibhinna mandiroM meM haiN| kucha laghu pratimAoM kA AkAra yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai / bAhubalI (dhAtu, cAra iMca), anantanAtha (pASANa, pA~ca iMca), padmaprabha (pASANa, tIna iMca), neminAtha (pASANa, chaha iMca), mahAvIra (paMcadhAtu, DhAI iMca), khaDgAsana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (candana, do iMca), khaDgAsana candranAtha (DhAI iMca), pAzvanAtha (pASANa, chaha iMca), caubIsI (pandraha iMca), sarvatobhadrikA (ATha iMca), padmAsana pArzvanAtha aura gurubasadi meM tAr3apatra kI jina-pratimA Adi (nau iMca), sarasvatI (dhAtu, nau iMca), jvAlAmAlinI (dhAtu, chaha iMca), kUSmANDinI (bAraha iMca) tathA kAle pASANa kA mAnastambha (caubIsa iMca) aadi| yahA~ pakI miTTI (clay, leppada basadi meM cAra phITa U~cI mUrti) tathA vibhinna prakAra ke pASANa, kAMsya, pItala, paMcadhAtu, amRtazilA, sphaTika Adi ratnoM kI vibhinna AkAroM kI pratimAe~ bhI haiM / hosa mandira meM to paMcadhAtu kI ATha phITa U~cI candraprabha kI eka bahuta hI manojJa pratimA hai| hosa basadi yA tribhuvanatilakacUDAmaNi mandira yA candranAtha-mandira-yaha basadi (dekheM citra kra. 70) uparyukta zodha saMsthAna se Age aura maTha ke bilkula pAsa meM hai / eka haz2Ara stambhoM vAle isa sundara aura vizAla mandira kA nirmANa, yahA~ ke zilAlekha tathA candraprabha ke vigraha (yahA~ va isa pradeza meM anyatra mUrti ko 'vigraha' zilAlekha ko 'zAsana' kahate haiM) ke pAdapITha meM aMkita lekha ke anusAra, maMgalUra rAjya ke antargata nAgamaNDala ke dezarAja oDeyara ke rAjyakAla meM 29 janavarI, 1430 I. guruvAra ko mUDabidrI ke zrAvakoM ne debarAja kI AjJA se tathA yahA~ ke maTha ke bhaTTAraka zrImad abhinava cArukIrti paNDitAcArya ke Adeza se karAyA thaa| eka anya zAsana ke anusAra, isa mandira kA namaskAra-maNDapa yahA~ ke zrAvakoM ne 1451 I. meM banavAyA thaa| isa basadi ke suprasiddha bhairAdevI-maNDapa kA nirmANa bhairAdevI ne 1462 I. meM karAyA thaa| usI samaya citrAdevI ne citrAmaNDapa kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thaa| uparyukta basadi (mandira) meM gopuradvAra maNDapa, bhairAdevI maNDapa, citrAdevI maNDapa, namaskAra maNDapa, tIrthaMkara maNDapa, lakSmI maNDapa (gandhakuTI) tathA garbhagRha (maNDapa)-isa prakAra kula chaha maNDapa haiM jo eka-dUsare se tathA garbhagRha se jur3e hue haiM aura mandira ko vizAla AkAra pradAna karate haiM, sAtha hI, use apane sundara aura kalApUrNa stambhoM ke kAraNa bhavyatA pradAna karate haiN| citrAdevI, bhairAdevI, lakSmIdevI una jaina mahilAoM ke nAma haiM jinake nAma para ye maNDapa bne| isa mandira kI tIsarI maMjila kI chata para tA~be kA AvaraNa gerusoppA ke mahAmaNDalezvara bhairavarAja ne vIrasena muni kI AjJA se pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM car3havAyA thaa| basadi ke sAmane lagabhaga 50 phITa U~cA eka mAnastambha hai| usakA nirmANa 1462 I. meM bhairavarAja kI rAnI nAgaladevI ne karAyA thaa| mandira meM vibhinna maNDapoM ke nirmANa kI vibhinna avadhiyoM ko dekhate hue yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki isa mandira meM saMvardhana (addition) hote rahe haiN| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki
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________________ mUDabidrI / 165 yaha mandira cauthI se chaThI zatAbdI ke bIca kA hai| kintu mandira kI unnata zilpakalA ko dekhate hue yaha sambhava nahIM lgtaa| vaise bhI ise hosa (nayA) mandira kahate haiN| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki maDabidrI ke mandiroM kA nirmANa bArahavIM se solahavIM sadI ke bIca huA hai| tribhuvanatilakacUr3AmaNi basadi kA parakoTA bahuta U~cA hai (karIba 15 phITa) aura kisI choTe kile kI dIvAla ke samAna lagatA hai| mandira kA ahAtA bhI bar3A hai| mandira kA gopura (pravezadvAra) bhI kAphI U~cA hai| usa para aura usake AsapAsa sundara aMkana hai| usake siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara, ca~varadhArI aura kIrtimukha haiM / dvAra ke donoM ora indra-indrANI bane haiN| unake nIce siMha, hAthI aura vyAla pradarzita haiM / dvAra ke vizAla cAra palla lakar3I ke haiN| una para donoM ora padamAsana meM tIrthaMkara pAzvanAtha virAjamAna hai| nIce eka ghur3asavAra ke hAtha meM tIra hai to dUsarI ora ke ghur3asavAra ke hAtha meM talavAra hai| deviyA~ bhI pradarzita haiM / dvAra pAra karane ke bAda khulA prAMgaNa hai| basadi ke sAmane lagabhaga 50 phITa U~cA kalAMpUrNa mAnastambha hai / caukI se Upara kamala, usase Upara padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara tathA sabase Upara ke bhAga meM kalaza aura ghaNTiyA~ haiN| ___ mAnastambha se Age eka 'dhvaja-stambha' bhI hai| pravezadvAra kI sIr3hiyoM ke pAsa eka-eka hAthI, donoM ora, haiN| hAthiyoM kI pITha se ghaNTiyA~ jhUlatI huI dikhAI gaI haiN| unake pairoM meM sundara AbhUSaNa haiN| Age bhairAdevI maNDapa hai (dekheM citra kra. 71) / maNDapa kalA kI dRSTi se sabase sundara hai| isake stambhoM para utkIrNana aneka prakAra kA, sUkSma, manohArI evaM nAnAdezIya hai| isa maNDapa ke stambha lagabhaga bAraha phITa U~ce haiN| nIce se catuSkoNa aura Upara kalAtmaka DhaMga se gola banAe gae ye stambha haiM to patthara ke, kintu lagate aise haiM mAno ve lakar3I ke hoN| inakI kArIgarI itanI vividhatApUrNa evaM manohara hai ki koI bhI do stambha eka-jaise dikhAI nahIM dete / kucha stambha aSTakoNIya hai / bhairAdevI maNDapa ke stambhoM para 'cInI Dregana' aura jirAfa kA aMkana bhI hai| ye pazu bhArata meM nahIM pAe jAte / ye kaise hote haiM aura inheM kaise aMkita kiyA jAe isakI kalpanA nizcaya hI prAcIna kAla ke yahA~ ke una vyApAriyoM ne zilpiyoM ko dI hogI jo samudra-mArga se deza-dezAntaroM meM vyApAra ke lie (vizeSakara ratnoM ke) AyA-jAyA karate the| ye loga apanA dharma nibAhane ke lie hIre, panne Adi kI choTIchoTI jinamUrtiyA~ bhI apane sAtha rakhate the aura apane kSetra ke mandiroM ko bheMTa bhI kara dete the| jo bhI ho, isa prakAra kA nAnAdezIya aMkana mUDabidrI ke isa mandira ke atirikta karnATaka meM sambhavataH aura kahI nahIM hai / basadi kI kar3iyA~ (bImsa) bhI khAlI nahIM haiM, una para bhI nakkAzI hai| isa maNDapa kI chata ke bIca meM eka aSTakoNa hai| usameM kamala utkIrNa hai aura usakI kaliyA~ laTakatI huI dikhAI gaI haiN| uparyukta maNDapa ke bAda, eka choTA-sA balipITha hai| phira eka maNDapa AtA hai jisakA kASTha-dvAra vizAla hai| sabhA maNDapa meM aneka stambha haiN| eka maNDapa ko kalaza-maNDapa bhI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki utsava ke samaya usakA prayoga abhiSeka ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| usase Age ke haoNla yA maNDapa meM aneka jinapratimAe~ haiN| garbhagRha meM candraprabha kI paMcadhAtu kI kAyotsarga
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________________ 166 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) mudrA meM ATha-nau phITa U~cI pratimA hai jo bahuta sundara hai / vaha makara-toraNa se bhI alaMkRta hai| mUrti ke donoM ora dIpastambha haiM / prakAza meM yaha pratimA atyanta manojJa lagatI hai| yahA~ candraprabha kI yakSiNI jvAlAmAlinI kI mUrti bhI hai| mandira meM rAma-lakSmaNa aura sItA kA bhI aMkana (jaina rAmAyaNa ke anusAra) hai / yAtriyoM ko yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha mandira timaMjilA hai| dUsarI aura tIsarI maMjila para bhI darzana haiN| tIsarI maMjila kI manojJa pratimAoM ko to yAtrI sadA smaraNa rkhegaa| dUsarI maMjila para jAne ke lie kalazamaNDapa meM se sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| mukhamaNDapa ke Upara vahA~ eka dhAtunirmita sahasrakUTa caityAlaya hai| usameM prakAza ke lie patthara kI jAliyA~ banI huI haiN| Upara kI maMz2ila (dUsarI) para sIr3hiyoM ke pAsa hI darzana haiM / vahA~ garbhagRha meM padmAsana meM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA hai| usa para chatratrayI, makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha kI sundara sajAvaTa hai| isa dUsare tala para eka haoNla hai / usameM bhI aneka stambha haiN| ye noce ke stambhoM kI apekSA choTe haiN| haoNla meM donoM ora pratimAe~ haiN| bAIM ora kulikA meM chatratrayI se yukta caubIsI hai tathA dAhinI ora kI kulikA meM pASANa kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai / yaha yakSa-yakSI sahita hai, chatratrayI aura makara-toraNa, kotimukha se sajAI gaI hai| tIsarI maMz2ila kA rAstA mahAvIra svAmI vAle garbhagRha ke pAsa se hokara jAtA hai / sIr3hiyA~ kucha saMkIrNa haiN| isa tIsare tala meM kAMsya aura sphaTika pratimAoM kA vizAla saMgraha hai| tIna daravAjoM ke isa garbhagRha meM padmAsana aura kAyotsarga pratimAe~ haiM / ve makara-toraNa Adi se bhI alaMkRta haiN| garbhagRha ke sAmane do darpaNa lage haiN| inakA upayoga pratimAoM ko rozanI meM dikhAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| akelA 'tribhuvananilaka-cUDAmaNi' mandira hI yAtrI ko Anandita karane ke lie paryApta / aba use raMga-biraMgI rozanI meM saptAha meM do bAra dikhAne kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| mandira me aneka zilAlekha haiM jinakA sAra Upara A gayA hai| : gurubasadi yA siddhAnta mandira-mUDabidrI kA yaha dUsarA pramukha mandira hai / isake nirmANa kI tithi to jJAta nahIM hai kintu yaha IsA kI AThavIM sadI ke prArambha yA usase pahale kA avazya hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa basadi meM kAle pASANa kI pArzvanAtha (citra kra. 72) kI nau phITa U~cI jo kAyotsarga mudrA meM pratimA hai, usa para eka lekha hai jisake anusAra yahA~ ke zrAvakoM ne isa mUrti kI pratiSThA IsvI san 714 meM karavAI thii| Upara eka anuzruti kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai jisake anusAra kisI samaya jaMgaloM se ghire isa nagara meM gAya aura siMha ko eka sAtha dekhakara zravaNabelagola se Ae eka muni ne atizaya kA nizcaya kiyA aura bAda meM unheM yaha manohArI pratimA milii| usI ko isa mandira meM pratiSThApita kiyA gayA hai| cUMki guru (muni) ne ise DhUMDha nikAlA thA isalie yaha mandira 'gurubasadi' khlaayaa| ise guru basadi kahane kA dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki mUDabidrI ke bhaTTArakoM kA paTTAbhiSeka isI mandira meM hotA hai / jo bhI ho, mandira aura mUrti kI prAcInatA svataH siddha hai| yahA~ tAr3apatra kI bhI eka jina-pratimA hai / eka caubIsI bhI yahA~ hai| . siddhAnta mandira ke rUpa meM isakI khyAti kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isameM tAr3apatroM para
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________________ mUDabidrI | 167 prAcIna dhavala, jayadhavala evaM mahAdhavala nAmaka siddhAnta-grantha baMkApura se lAkara surakSita rakhe gae the / aba ye maTha meM sthAnAntarita kara die gae haiM (dekheM citra kra. 73) / basadi ke bAhara eka gaddImaNDapa hai jisakA nirmANa yahA~ ke cola zeTTI Adi zrAvakoM ne 1538 I. meM karAyA thaa| san 1924 I. meM yahA~ ke tatkAlIna bhaTTArakajI ne mandira kI chatapara tA~be kA AvaraNa car3havAkara mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thaa| aura paMcakalyANaka karAyA thaa| - isa basadi meM padmAsana meM sambhavata: AdinAtha kI pratimA hai aura usake pIche eka laghumandira hai jisake tIna ora 52 tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / yaha saMkhyA nandIzvara dvIpa kI TotI hai| kinta utkIrNana cAroM ora hotA hai| dhAta ke eka kamala jaisI racanA meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti bhI yahA~ hai| usakI ATha paMkhur3iyoM meM eka AsIna devatA hai| yaha racanA Upara kI maMz2ila meM hai| yahIM kucha durlabha pratimAe~ bhI haiM jo siddhAnta-darzana vyavasthA ke antargata dikhAI jAtI haiN| . . kisI samaya bhArata meM tAr3apatroM para zAstra likhane kI prathA thI / vizeSakara karnATaka meM lagabhaga dasa haz2Ara grantha tAr3apatroM para likhe maujUda haiM aisA anumAna hai| tAr3apatroM para suI se kureda-kureda kara likhAI kI jAtI thii| kintu dhavala, jayadhavala aura mahAdhavala ye tIna mahAnagrantha aise haiM jinameM yaha paddhati nahIM apanAI gaI hai| ye grantha lAkha kI syAhI banAkara lekhanI se likhe gae haiN| usa samaya ke lekhakoM ne sambhavata: yaha naI khoja kI thI jo ki ina granthoM taka hI sImita rhii| lagabhaga ATha-nau sau varSa pahale prAcIna kannar3a lipi meM likhe gae ye grantha hamArI amUlya dharohara haiN| inakA prakAzana hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bhI ho gayA hai| . uparyukta granthoM meM atyanta manohara raMgIna citra hAziyoM meM evaM svataMtra rUpa se bhI banAe gae haiN| citroM ke lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM rahA hai ki ve viSaya se saMbaMdhita hI hoN| citroM ke viSaya meM sammilita haiM-tIrthaMkara, upAdhyAya muni, yakSa-yakSI, ca~varadhArI, sarasvatI, zrutadevI, zrAvaka, prAkRtika dRzya, bAdala, vana, latA-vallarI, kamala puSpa (vibhinna sundara aMkana), meghAcchanna, kAza kI chAyA Adi / anya aneka granthoM jaise-kalpasatra, kAlakAcAryakathA (14vIM sadI) Adi meM bhI citra haiN| bahuta-se anya granthoM meM zyAma-zveta citra haiN| pANDulipi para ina citroM ke raMga bhI prAkRtika haiM aura vizeSa rIti se banAe gae haiN| kAle, nIle, pIle, hare aura lAla raMga prAkRtika padArthoM-patthara, miTTI, per3oM ke chilakoM aura rasoM, kAjala, puSpoM se prApta raMga Adi sAmagrI ko goMda meM gholakara cikane banAye gaye haiN| isI kAraNa ye raMga Aja bhI pakke haiN| pake aura sUkhe tAr3apatroM kA upayoga karane ke kAraNa inake raMga phIke nahIM par3e haiN| ina granthoM meM hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana aura unakI paTTamahiSI parama jinabhaktA viduSI kuzala rAjanItijJA, rUpa kI pratimA zAntalA ke citra bhI haiN| eka manohara citra meM zrutadevI ke sAtha mayUra kA citra tathA yakSiNI mahAmAnasI kA haMsa vAhana sahita aura yakSa ajita kA usake vAhana kachue ke sAtha citraNa atyanta sundara hai| bahuta-se citroM kA sundara prakAzana bhI ho cukA hai| ye grantha aura citra bhI yAtriyoM ko avazya dekhane caahie|
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________________ 168 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) baDaga basadi-baDaga kA artha hai uttara (dishaa)| cUMki yaha mandira uttara dizA meM sthita hai isalie ise 'baDaga basadi' kahA jAtA hai / batAyA jAtA hai ki yaha mandira bhI atyanta prAcIna hai| isake mUlanAyaka haiM candranAtha / pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai tathA amRtazilA se nirmita hai| ise choTA candranAtha mandira bhI kahate haiN| isake sAmane lagabhaga 40 phuTa U~cA mAnastambha hai| ___ zeTTara basadi (zeTTI kA mandira)-yaha eka prAcIna mandira hai aura isakA nirmANa mUDabidrI ke hI baMgottama zeTTI nAmaka zrAvaka ne karAyA thaa| uparyukta basadi sAmane se eka sAdhAraNa bhavana dikhAI par3atI hai| usakI chata DhaluA hai aura use DhaMkane vAlI zilAe~ aisI lagatI haiM jaise lakar3I ke takhte eka ke Upara eka U~ce karake jamAe gae hoN| mandira pASANa-nirmita hai| isake mUlanAyaka vardhamAna (mahAvIra) haiM jinakI kAle pASANa kI lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti yahA~ sthApita hai| isa mandira ke nirmANa ke sambandha meM yahA~ ke eka zilAlekha meM eka anuzruti dI gaI hai| kintu mandira ke nirmANa ke saMvat ke sambandha meM zilAlekha mauna hai| isakA nirmAtA baMgottama zeTTI kisI samaya vyApAra ke lie dezAntara gayA aura vahA~ eka jauharI ke sAtha vyApAra karane lgaa| usa deza ke vyApArI ne jaba zeTTI kA ratnoM kI parIkSA kA DhaMga aura usameM atyanta kuzalatA dekhI to usane zeTTI ko apane ratna-vyApAra meM sAjhIdAra banAne kA prastAva kiyaa| zeTTI ne prastAva mAna liyA aura donoM milakara vyApAra karane lage / eka dina vahA~ ke rAjA ne sabhI jauhariyoM ko apane mahala meM nimantrita kiyaa| usa deza kA jauharI zeTrI ko bhI apane sAtha le gyaa| rAjA ne sabhI jauhariyoM ko nIMbU ke AkAra kA eka motI dikhAyA aura unase pUchA ki yaha kauna-sA motI hai aura isakA kyA mUlya hai| sabhI jauharI usa motI ko dekhakara Azcarya meM par3a gae tathA kucha bhI batAne meM asamartha rahe / zeTTI ne bhI motI ko dhyAna se dekhA aura binA kisI hicaka ke rAjA se kahA, "rAjana ! kSamA kreN| yaha motI asalI nahIM hai| isake andara eka meMDhaka tathA thor3A-sA jala hai|" yaha sunakara rAjA ne satyatA kI jA~ca karane ke lie usa motI ko phor3ane kA Adeza diyA to jauharI kA kathana satya niklaa| rAjA isase bar3A prasanna huaa| usane zeTTI ko bahata-sA dhana aura eka U~Ta bheTa meM dekara use svadeza jAne kI anumati de dii| zeTTI jisa samaya vartamAna (zeTTI) basadi ke pAsa AyA to U~Ta vahIM leTa gayA aura pUrI koziza karane para bhI vahA~ se Age nahIM bddh'aa| isa para zeTTI ne nizcaya kiyA ki vaha isI sthAna para para eka jainamandira bnvaayegaa| aura isa prakAra nirmANa huA zeTTI basadi kaa| isa mandira meM baMgottama zeTTI kA eka citra bhI hai| yaha bhI anuzruti hai ki isa mandira meM jaina zAstroM kA acchA saMgraha thaa| hiriya/hire basadi-yaha mandira 'ammanavara basadi' (mA~ kA mandira) bhI kahalAtA hai| yaha dumaMjilA hai aura yahA~ ke anya mandiroM kI hI bhA~ti sAmane se eka sAdhAraNa-sA makAna lagatA hai| chata bhI DhaluA hai / yaha eka prAcIna mandira lagatA hai| yahA~ ke eka zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki zAnta-kAMtaNNA nAmaka zeTTI ne isake namaskAra-maNDapa kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| zilAlekha kA kucha bhAga aspaSTa bhI hai, isa kAraNa anya vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| isa mandira ke mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha haiM / unako kAle pASANa kI pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM lagabhaga tIna
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________________ 70. mUDabidrI -- tribhuvanatilakacUDAmaNi mandira kA bAhya dRzya /
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________________ 6.40 71. mUDabidrI-candranAtha basa di : bhairodevI maNDapa ke stambha /
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________________ po o ou o do 72. nafat--t afe : natat ditiat? Chtrapich I
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________________ 73. mUDabidrI - siddhAnta basadi : prAcIna tADapatrIya pANDulipiyA~ 1 74. mUDabidrI - ammanavAra basadi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI paMktibaddha mUrtiyA~ 1
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________________ COMXXX 75. mUDabidrI-coTAra mahala : kASTha-stambha para utkIrNa nvnaariikuNjr|
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________________ 76. mUDabidrI -- gA~va ke bAhara samAdhiyoM kI katAra / +++++; 77. veNUra - bAhubalI basadi : bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrti /
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________________ annNdun raamu l smyN aNduku nddumu attuku muNduku syy aNdr sutN yjyy ku ku muNdu nuNci tmku kul muNdu kuru yudrunu muNdu mNddlN nu smu gl ku pNpulu tn vNtu plumuut tiiyddN prvNtmuNddiyu munngaa kul muNduku ndduN miidugaa almun yNdu ANUMOVIE Vide Srio Metarandoi CARTOON Mumaithe sNgENCE C.84 78. 277- Taaraafk : fall 15,747 AT HTT THE RITHAH |
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________________ 79. veNUra -- zAntezvara basadi ( kallu basadi ) : mAnastambha /
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________________ mUDabidrI | 169 phuTa U~cI hai / ve yakSa-yakSI sahita haiN| isa mandira kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake bhItarI prAkAra meM khaDgAsana caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM (citra kra. 74), sarasvatI aura padmAvatI kI pakI miTTI (clay) kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| isa prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ anya kisI sthAna para zAyada hI hoN| isakI Upara kI maMjila para padmAsana meM AdinAtha kI dhAtunirmita pratimA hai| anuzruti hai ki isakA nirmANa dIpaNNA zeTTI nAmaka jinabhakta ne karAyA thaa| beTakeri basadi-isakA mukhamaNDapa ise eka sAdhAraNa bhavana kA AbhAsa detA hai| isake mUlanAyaka mahAvIra svAmI haiM jinakI padmAsana meM tIna phuTa U~cI saMgamaramara kI pratimA hai| usa para chatra hai aura jala ugalate makara dikhAe gae haiM arthAt yaha pratimA makara-toraNa yukta hai| yaha basadi eka-maMjilA hai| koTi basadi-isakA nirmANa 1401 I. meM koTi zeTTI nAmaka jinadharmAnuyAyI ne karAyA thaa| isa kAraNa ise koTi basadi kahate haiN| isake mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara neminAtha haiM jinakI pratimA kAle pASANa se nirmita hai aura lagabhaga DhAI phuTa U~cI hai| ve yakSa-yakSI sahita haiN| ca~varadhArI bhI utkIrNa haiN| prabhAvalI tAmra-nirmita hai| isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra san 1924 I. meM mUDabidrI ke hI coTara rAjA dharmasAmrAjayyA ne karAyA thaa| isalie yaha mandira unake vaMzajoM ke niyantraNa vikrama zeTTI basadi-vikrama zeTTI nAma ke zrAvaka ne isa basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thA, isalie yaha 'vikrama zeTTI basadi' kahalAtA hai| isake sAmane lagabhaga 35 yA 40 phuTa U~cA sundara mAnastambha hai| isake mUlanAyaka RSabhadeva haiN| kAle pASANa se nirmita unakI mUrti do phuTa U~cI hai| tIrthaMkara kamalAsana para padmAsana meM haiM aura makara-toraNa se saMyukta haiM / aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unakA Asana choTA hai aura unake caraNa kucha bAhara nikale hae haiN| kallu basadi-kannaDa meM 'kallu' kA artha pASANa hotA hai| pASANa-nirmita hone ke kAraNa yaha mandira kallu basadi kahalAtA hai| san 1934 I. meM isakA jIrNoddhAra huA thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki pahale isake mUlanAyaka candranAtha the kintu jIrNoddhAra ke bAda yahA~ zItalanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kara dI gii| yaha bhI eka prAcIna mandira jAna par3atA hai| mUrti manohara hai, makara-toraNa ko bhI saMyojanA hai| bhAmaNDala ardhacandrAkAra hai / mandira ke sAmane eka mAnastambha bhI hai jisapara sabase Upara kalaza hai| leppada basadi-yahA~ 'leppa' (miTTI) se nirmita candraprabha aura jvAlAmAlinI yakSI kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI mUrtiyA~ haiN| isa kAraNa ise 'leppada basadi' kahA jAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki vikrAMta zeTTI aura padumazeTTI nAmaka zrAvakoM ne isakA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isakA ullekha 'sthApanA padyAvalI' meM bhI hai| isa basadi kI jvAlAmAlinI kI prasiddhi isa kSetra meM adhika hai| isa kAraNa apane manoratha kI pUrti hetu vidhi-vidhAna yA pUjA karAne ke lie AsapAsa kI janatA saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM yahA~ prativarSa AtI hai| mandira ke sAmane lagabhaga 40 phuTa U~cA eka mAnastambha bhI hai| derammA zeTTI basadi-yaha mandira mallinAtha basadi bhI kahalAtA hai| isake mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara mallinAtha haiN| isameM kamalAsana para arahanAtha, mallinAtha aura munisuvratanAtha kI
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________________ *170 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiN| inheM 'ratnatraya bhagavAna' bhI kahA jAtA hai| bIca kI pratimA zveta pASANa kI hai aura zeSa do dhAtu-nirmita / yahA~ caubIsI bhI hai| anuzruti hai ki derammA zeTTI eka nirdhana zrAvaka thaa| kintu usake mana meM yaha icchA balavatI huI ki vaha bhI eka jinamandira kA nirmANa kraae| dRr3ha nizcayI usa jinabhakta ne apanI Aya meM se cauthAI bhAga bacAkara dhana-saMgraha kiyA aura isa mandira kA nirmANa kraayaa| cola zeTrI basadi-jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai, isa mandira kA nirmANa cola zeTrI nAmaka jinadharmAnuyAyI ne karAyA thaa| isameM sumatinAtha, padmaprabha aura mallinAtha kI kAle pASANoM se nirmita bhavya pratimAe~ padmAsana meM haiN| sumatinAtha kI pratimA makara-toraNa aura prabhAvalI se yukta hai kintu Asana choTA jAna par3atA hai| padmaprabha kI mUrti bhI makara-toraNa evaM yakSa-yakSI sahita hai / sundara nakkAzIdAra bhAmaNDala dhanuSAkAra jAna par3atA hai| mallinAtha kI pratimA bhI makara-toraNa se sajjita hai / yakSa-yakSI kA bhI aMkana hai| nakkAzI sundara hai| isa basadi meM pASANa ke eka zaMkha para neminAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM yakSa-yakSI, makara-toraNa se susajjita haiN| unake AsapAsa ca~vara bhI aMkita haiM / mandira ke dAe~-bAe~ bhAga meM do cIbIsI bhI haiN| mAdizeTTI basadi yA AdinAtha basadi-mAdizeTTI nAmaka vyakti ne isakA nirmANa karAyA thA, isalie ise mAdizeTTI basadi kahate haiM / RSabhadeva yA AdinAtha isake mUlanAyaka haiN| isalie ise AdinAtha basadi ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / RSabhadeva kI kAle pASANa se nirmita lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| unake AsapAsa anya 23 tIrthaMkara bhI khaDgAsana meM utkIrNa haiM / yakSa-yakSI bhI pradarzita haiN| isakI nirmANa sambandhI jAnakArI mati ke pAdapITha meM utkIrNa lekha se milatI hai| beMki yA beMkaNatikArI basadi-beMkaNatikArI nAmaka jinadharmI dvArA nirmita karAe jAne ke kAraNa yaha isa nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| isameM jo caubIsI hai usake mUlanAyaka anantanAtha haiN| unakI kAyotsarga mudrA meM kAle pASANa kI lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI pratimA hai jisake prabhAvalaya meM anya tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / yakSa-yakSI bhI pradarzita haiN| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI eka anya mUrti sAta phaNoM se tathA yakSa-yakSI se saMyojita hai| prabhAvalI evaM ca~vara kA aMkana bhI hai| yahA~ eka sarasvatI pratimA bhI hai jisake hAtha meM vINA aura pustaka hai| ___ kere basadi-kannar3a meM kere kA artha tAlAba hotA hai / isake sAmane eka tAlAba hai, isa kAraNa yaha 'tAlAbavAlA mandira' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isake mUlanAyaka mallinAtha haiM / kAle pASANa se nirmita unakI lagabhaga tIna phaTa U~cI mati kAyotsarga madrA meM yakSa-yakSI sahita tathA makara-toraNa se sajjita hai| mUrti para nAbhi ke pAsa tIna valayoM kA aMkana prabhAvazAlI hai| paDu basadi-kannar3a meM 'paDu' kA artha hotA hai pUrva (dishaa)| yaha mandira mUDabidrI kI pUrva dizA meM sthita hai isalie 'paDu basadi' kahalAtA hai| eka tAmrapatra meM ullekha hai ki yaha mandira guru basadi se bhI prAcIna hai / yaha tIna tIrthaMkaroM-vimalanAtha, anantanAtha aura dharmanAtha kI manojJa, pASANa-nirmita kAyotsarga, lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI mUrtiyoM ke lie prasiddha hai| isa mandira meM eka 'guptagRha' bhI hai jisameM kisI samaya patthara kI peTI meM aneka viSayoM ke jaina grantha
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________________ mUDabidrI | 171 surakSita rakhe gae the| kintu kucha pramAdavaza yaha vizAla evaM ajJAta bhaMDAra kIr3oM kA upahAra bana gyaa| jo grantha zeSa bace the unheM ArA nivAsI sva. bAbU deva kumAra ne apane vyaya se vyavasthita karavAyA, unakI sUcI banavAI aura unheM yahA~ ke jainamaTha meM surakSita rakhavA diyA thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki isa kSetra meM tAr3apatroM para likhe granthoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga tIna-cAra haz2Ara thii| jo surakSita raha gae haiM unheM aba zrImatI ramArAnI jaina zodha saMsthAna meM vidvAnoM ke anusaMdhAna Adi ke lie sa~bhAlakara rakha diyA gayA hai| jaina pAThazAlA basadi-yahA~ ke jainamaTha ke sAmane kisI samaya eka jaina saMskRta pAThazAlA thI / yahA~ ke mandira meM amRtazilA se nirmita lagabhaga do phuTa U~cI munisuvratanAtha kI eka khaDgAsana sundara mUrti hai / yakSa-yakSI bhI haiN| jaina-pula batAyA jAtA hai ki mUDabidrI meM 18 tAlAba haiN| anuzruti hai ki 'tribhuvanatilakacUDAmaNi' mandira ke lie 'aMkisAleya kere' (tAlAba) se cA~dI ke kalaza meM jala lAyA jAtA thaa| isa mandira ke pAsa jo pula hai vaha jaina pula kahalAtA hai| coTara rAjamahala jaina dharmAnuyAyI coTara vaMza ke rAjA kisI samaya hoyasala rAjAoM ke sAmanta the| samaya pAkara ve svatantra ho gae aura unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnI pahale ullAla meM aura bAda meM mUDabidrI evaM puttige meM sthApita kii| inakA zAsanakAla 1160 se 1860 I. arthAt lagabhaga sAta sau varSoM taka rahA / usake bAda unakA rAjya briTiza zAsana ke antargata calA gyaa| unheM rAjanaitika peMzana dI gaI joki yahA~ rahanevAle unake vaMzajoM ko Aja taka milatI hai| coTara rAjAoM ke mahala kA nirmANa 1643 I. meM haA thaa| yaha ATha ekaDa bhami meM phailA huA hai| usake cAroM ora qilAbandI hai tathA tIna ora khAI hai| mahala aba khastA hAlata meM hai kintu usameM citrita jaina kalA darzanIya hai| kArIgarI itanI sUkSma evaM vismayakArI hai ki prazaMsA kiye binA nahIM rahA jaataa| yahA~ ke eka stambha para pA~ca apsarAoM kI AkRti se banI eka ghor3e kI AkRti citrita kI gaI hai| ise 'paMcanArIturaga' kahate haiM / eka aura citra meM nau apsarAoM kI AkRti se eka kuMjara (hAthI) kI AkRti banatI hai / yaha 'navanArIkuMjara' kahalAtA hai (citra kra. 75) / uparyukta citra 12 vIM se 14vIM sadI taka ke bIca bane batAe jAte haiN| inase AbhUSaNa, pozAka, keza-vinyAsa Adi kI acchI jAnakArI milatI hai / gavAkSoM meM bhI sUkSma citrakArI hai jo dekhate hI banatI hai| yahA~ eka kakSa aisA bhI batAyA jAtA hai jisameM mRta rAjAoM ke zarIra ko namaka meM DAlakara rakhA jAtA thaa| isa coTaravaMza ke loga Aja bhI jainadharma kA pAlana karate haiN| .. kASTha kA ratha-mUDabidrI meM kASTha kA eka ratha bhI hai jisa para nakkAzI kA sundara aura sUkSma kAma huA hai|
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________________ 172 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) niSadhiyA~ yA samAdhiyA~ yahA~ samAdhiyoM kI adbhuta racanA pAI jAtI hai (dekheM citra kr.76)| aisI racanA bhArata meM zAyada hI kahIM ho| ye samAdhiyA~ aThAraha maThAdhipatiyoM tathA do zrAvakoM kI batAI jAtI haiN| kintu lekha kevala do hI samAdhiyoM para haiM / samAdhiyA~ tIna se lekara ATha tala taka kI haiN| inakA eka tala dUsare tala kI DhalavA~ chata ke dvArA vibhakta hotA hai| isa kAraNa ye kAThamAMDU yA tibbata ke paigoDA-jaisI lagatI haiN| inakI hara maMz2ila kI chata DhalAvadAra hai| ye bhArata meM apane DhaMga kI hI nirmiti haiN| vArSika utsava aura mele yahA~ kI tIna basadiyoM ke utsava aura mele prasiddha haiN| hosa basadi yA tribhuvanatilakacUDAmaNi nAmaka candranAtha mandira meM prativarSa caitra zukla 14 ko 'choTA rathotsava' tathA pUrNimA ke dina 'bar3A rathotsava' bar3e ullAsa ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai jisameM AsapAsa kI haz2AroM kI saMkhyA meM janatA bhAga letI hai / 'baDaga basadi' meM hara sAla mAgha zukla 13 ko rathotsava Ayojita kiyA jAtA hai| 'hire basadi' meM hara varSa baizAkha zu. 15 ko rathotsava hotA hai| yahA~ padmAvatI devI kI pUjA karAne, manautiyA~ manAne ke lie bar3I saMkhyA meM loga Ate haiN| caitra mAsa meM 'leppada basadi' meM yahA~ ke coTaravaMzIya rAjagharAne ke sadasyoM dvArA bhagavAna kA abhiSeka lakar3I kI vizAla sIr3hiyA~ banAkara sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| mUDabidrI ko saMsthAeM yahA~ kI sabase pramukha saMsthA zrImatI ramArAnI jaina zodha saMsthAna hai, jisase jaina-janetara vidvAna lAbha lete haiN| sana 1965 meM yahA~ 'mahAvIra kalA, vijJAna aura vANijya mahAvidyAlaya' kI sthApanA 'samAja mandira sabhA' ke prayatnoM se huii| yahA~ para jaina hAyara sekeNDarI skUla bhI hai jo aba jaina jUniyara kaoNleja ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| skUla apanI rajata jayantI manA cukA hai| - mUDabidrI na kevala eka pramukha jaina kendra yA tIrtha athavA zAstroM kA apUrva saMgrahasthAna hai apitu use kavi ratnAkara kI janmabhUmi hone kA bhI gaurava prApta hai| unakI 'bharateza-vaibhava', 'ratnAkara-zataka' Adi kRtiyA~ prasiddha haiN| unakI smRti meM yahA~ 'ratnAkara nagara' nAma kI eka kAlonI basAI gaI hai| vartamAna sthiti lagabhaga dasa-bAraha hajAra kI AbAdI vAlA yaha choTA nagara aba bhI dUra-dUra ke jaina tIrthayAtriyoM ko AkarSita karatA hai, yadyapi yahA~ jaina zrAvaka parivAroM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga pacAsa hI raha gaI hai| ve adhikAMzataH kRSi para nirbhara karate haiN| mukhya upaja nAriyala, kAjU, supArI tathA cAvala hai / jamIMdArI unmUla ke kAraNa jaina zrAvakoM tathA maTha ko Arthika hAni huI hai|
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________________ veNUra | 173 maTha kA patA isa prakAra hai zrI digambara jainamaTha, po. mUDabidrI (Mudabidri) pina-574227 jilA-maMgalora (Mangrlore), karnATaka vizeSa sUcanA varaMga, kArakala, veNUra meM dharmazAlAoM kI sthiti acchI nahIM hai / maMgalora meM bhI dharmazAlA nahIM hai| maMgalora se 27 kilomITara dUra baMgara maMjezvaram (kerala) ke do mandira bhI dekhane yogya haiN| ina pA~ca sthAnoM ke lie maDabidrI ko kendra banAnA caahie| maDabidrI se sUbaha hI koI basa se bhI nikala jAe~ (kArakala hote hue) to sabase pahale varaMga kA jalamandira Adi dekhakara, kArakala kI 42 phuTa U~cI bAhubalI kI mUrti aura caturmukha basadi Adi sabhI mandira dekhakara mUDabidrI vApasa A sakate haiN| isI prakAra veNUra kI vizAla gommaTa mUrti aura zAntinAtha vasadi Adi dekhakara usI dina vApasa AyA jA sakatA hai| Thaharane kI uttama suvidhA kI dRSTi se veNUra kI yAtrA dharmasthala se bhI AsAna hai| maMgalora kA eka mandira aura maMgalora zahara dekhakara rela yA basa (basa adhika suvidhAjanaka) dvArA kerala rAjya ke baMgara maMjezvara kI prAcIna caturmukha basadi aura eka anya jaina mandira dekhakara usI dina maMgalora vApasa A sakate haiM / itanI suvidhA maMgalora aura mUDabidrI ke bIca basoM kI hai| mUDabidrI meM hindI se kAma cala jAtA hai| veNUra avasthiti evaM mArga ___ maMgalora (yA dakSiNa kannar3a) jile ke belataMgaDI tAluka ke antargata vegUra (Venuru) gA~va hai / mUDabidrI se yaha sar3aka-mArga dvArA 20 kilomITara, dharmasthala se (guruvAyanakare hote hue) 32 ki. mI. tathA maMgalora se 52 ki. mI. hai / veNUra se rAjakIya mukhyamArga para sthita guruvAyanakere kevala 15 ki. mI. hai| relave sTezana maMgalora hI sabase pramukha hai| mUDabidrI se veNUra jAte samaya mArga bar3A ramaNIka hai / bIca meM kucha gA~va par3ate haiN| vahA~ ke jaina bandhaoM ne sar3aka para 'pArzva mandira' aura 'puSpadanta mandira' Adi ke sacanApaTa lagA rakhe haiN| apane vAhana se yAtrA karane vAle inheM bhI dekha sakate haiM aura apane sAdharmI bandhuoM kA paricaya pAkara unakA utsAha bar3hA sakate haiN| isa sthAna kA prAcIna nAma enUra thA jo ki yahA~ ke zilAlekha meM utkIrNa hai| aba yaha
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________________ 174 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) eka choTA-sA gA~va hai jisakI vartamAna AbAdI pandraha sau ke lagabhaga hai| jainiyoM ke dasa parivAra haiN| sabhI nAriyala supArI cAvala aura kAjU kI khetI karate haiN| veNUra bhI tuludeza (tulanADu) meM hai| veNUra kI prasiddhi yahA~ kI prAcIna bAhubalI mUrti (35 phuTa) ke kAraNa hai / U~cAI kI dRSTi se zravaNabelagola (57 phuTa) aura kArakala (42 phuTa) kI mUrti ke bAda isa mUrti kA tIsarA nambara thaa| kintu dharmasthala meM gomaTeza (bAhubalI) kI 39 phuTa U~cI mUrti sthApita ho jAne ke bAda karnATaka meM yahA~ kI mUrti kA sthAna cauthA ho gyaa| itihAsa jaina dharma kA pAlana karane vAle rAjavaMzoM meM yahA~ 1154 I. se 1764 I. taka zAsana karane vAle ajilagotrIya rAjAoM kI bhI gaNanA hotI hai / isa vaMza ke rAjA somavaMzI the / ajila vaMza kI nIMva timmaNa ajila prathama ne (1154-1180 I.) rakhI / vaha sambhavataH gaMgavaMza meM utpanna huA thA aura gaMgavADi kA nivAsI thaa| yahA~ kI bAhubalI pratimA ke dAyIM ora ke zilAlekha meM isa vaMza ke timmarAja ne apane Apako cAmuNDarAya kA vaMzaja batAyA hai| kucha logoM ke anusAra ye vahI cAmuNDarAya haiM jinhoMne zravaNabelagola kI prasiddha mUrti nirmita karAI thI jabaki kucha anya vidvAn kadambavaMza ke cAmuNDarAya se inakA sambandha jor3ate haiN| jo bhI ho, isa vaMza ke rAjA prArambha se anta taka jaina dharma ke anuyAyI bane rahe / unake uttarAdhikArI Aja bhI aladaMgaDI meM rahate haiN| unakA aba dhvasta mahala kisI samaya sAta maMz2ilA thaa| usake dvAra para pASANa ke do hAthI nirmita haiN| uparyukta vaMza ke hI eka rAjA ne veNUra kI prasiddha zAntIzvara basadi kA nirmANa 1490 I. ke lagabhaga karAyA thaa| __ ajila vaMza meM timmarAja ajila caturtha huA hai jisane isa pradeza para 1550 se 1610 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| usI ne veNUra meM bhagavAna bAhubalI kI mUrti banavAI thii| isa mUrti ke kAraNa kArakala ke rAjA ne timmarAja ke sAtha yuddha cher3a diyA thA jisakA vivaraNa mUrti ke prasaMga meM diyA jaaegaa| jaba yahA~ kI mahArAnI madhurikAdevI (1610-1647 I.) ne gomaTeza kA abhiSeka lagabhaga 1634 I. meM karAyA taba bhI kArakala ke rAjA ne veNUra para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| isI vaMza meM padmalAdevI nAmaka eka dharmaprANa rAnI ne bhI yahA~ zAsana kiyA hai| san 1764 I. meM haidaraalI ne ise apane rAjya meM milA liyaa| kintu yaha vaMza calatA rahA / use aMgrejoM se bhI peMzana milatI thii| kisI samaya veNUra pradeza puMjalike kahalAtA thaa| kSetra-darzana yAtrI jaba veNUra gA~va meM basa se utaratA hai use kucha kadama calane para do stambhoM para eka phalaka para 'OM Sri Bhagavan Bahubali Kshetra' aMgrejI meM dikhAI degaa| sAmane hI eka bhavana hai jahA~ nAgarI meM 'zrI digambara jaina atizaya tIrtha kSetra samiti (raji.), veNUra (dakSiNa kannar3a)' kA borDa milegaa| isI bhavana meM pArzvanAtha mandira hai| mandira pUrvAbhimukhI hai| isameM mUlanAyaka
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________________ veNUra | 175 pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya pratimA hai| yahA~ kA zilAlekha ghisa gayA hai| isalie isakI prAcInatA sambandhI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| jo bhI ho, mUDabidrI ke bhaTTAraka jI ne isakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA hai| dainika pUjA ke lie sarakAra se bhI zAyada nAmamAtra kI sahAyatA milatI hai| - uparyukta mandira ke pravezadvAra ke dAhinI ora lagabhaga sau phuTa kI dUrI para ahAtA hai jahA~ bAhubalI kI 35 phuTa U~cI vizAla pratimA hai (dekheM citra kra. 77) / mUrti kA UparI pRSTha bhAga dUra se dikhAI detA hai| ___ bAhubalI mUrti ke ahAte ke bAhara, hameM eka vizAla stambha milatA hai| usa para mUrti ke sAmane mukha kie hue yA dakSiNa dizA kI ora muMha kie brahma yakSa kI mUrti hai| yakSa ke eka hAtha meM nAriyala aura dUsare meM daNDa hai / mukuTa U~cA hai| nIce brahmadeva ghor3e para savAra haiM / anya koI utkIrNana yA zilAlekha nahIM hai| zravaNabelagola yA kArakala kI vizAla bAhubalI mUrtiyA~ pahAr3iyoM para pratiSThApita haiN| kintu veNUra kI mUrti eka samatala TIle para sthita hai jo ki gurapura nadI (bIsa gaja caur3I aura pattharoM ke bIca kalakala kara bahatI) ke dakSiNa kinAre para hai| nadI ke tala se yaha TIlA lagabhaga 50 phuTa U~cA hai| sar3aka se bAhubalI ahAtA dasa-bAhara phuTa U~cA hai| usase Upara kA ahAtA lagabhaga sAta phuTa U~cA hai| itanI U~cAI ke kAraNa yaha mUrti mIloM dUra se dikhAI detI hai| yaha ahAtA mUrti ko bhavyatA pradAna karatA hai| bAhubalI prAMgaNa kA dvAra bAraha-teraha phuTa U~cA hai| usa para nIce pUrNakumbha aura siradala para padmAsana tIrthakara aMkita haiN| dvAra para '2500vA~ zrI mahAvIra nirvANotsava' aba bhI likhA hai / mUrti ke darzana kA samaya niyata hai jisakA yAtriyoM ko dhyAna rakhanA caahie| samaya isa prakAra hai-subaha 7 se 9 baje taka aura zAma 6 se 7 tk| yAtrI yahA~ ke jainabandhuoM athavA sthAnIya kAryAlaya se anya kisI samaya ke lie AvazyakatAnusAra anurodha kara sakate haiN| ... jaise hI hama prAkAra ke bhItara praveza karate haiM, vaise hI apane bAyIM ora 'binnANi' mandira aura dAyIM ora 'akkaMgala' nAmaka do choTe mandira dekhate haiM / vinnANi meM zAntinAtha svAmI kI aura dAyIM ora candraprabha svAmI kI mUrti hai| akkaMgala kA artha 'bahineM hotA hai| inake nikaTa ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki ina mandiroM ko rAjA timmarAja ajila kI do rAniyoM pANDayakkadevI aura mallidevI ne 1604 I. meM banavAyA thaa| bAhubalI mUrti ke sAmane prAMgaNa meM eka dhvajastambha hai jisa para tA~bA car3hA hai| isa stambha para vASika rathayAtrA ke samaya dhvaja phaharAyA jAtA hai| usase Age pASANa-nimita eka maNDapa hai jisa para car3hane ke lie sIr3hiyA~ banI haiN| sIr3hiyoM ke a~gale para donoM ora lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~ce do sundara hAthI bane haiN| sAmane do cabUtare haiM / unameM se eka dUsare se kucha nIcA hai| Upara ke cabUtare para nIce eka bar3A aura eka choTA kamala banA hai| ina kamaladvaya ke Asana para pratiSThita hai bAhubalI kI 35 phuTa U~cI vizAla mUrti / mUrti ke donoM ora sAta khaNDoM (paMktiyoM) ke lagabhaga sAta-ATha phuTa U~ce dIpadAna haiM jinameM dIpa dvArA prakAzana kI vyavasthA
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________________ 176 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) hai| isI prakAra pratimA ke donoM ora pASANa ke khambhe bhI banAe gae haiM jina para abhiSeka ke samaya maMca banAyA jAtA hai| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki mUrti ko sahArA dene ke lie mUrti ke pAdatala se ghuTane taka eka pASANa-phalaka khar3A kiyA gayA hai / isI phalaka ke sAmane ke bhAgoM meM, donoM ora eka-eka sarpa tIna phaNa Upara uThAe mUrti ke ghuTanoM taka dikhAe gae haiN| unake nIce bhI bA~bI tathA sarpa pradarzita haiM / bAhubalI ke zarIra para latAe~ donoM pairoM ke bIca meM se (er3I se) Upara uThakara ghuTanoM se hote hue jA~ghoM para car3hatI dikhAI gaI haiN| ghuTanoM se Upara latA ke pattoM kA aMkana bahuta spaSTa hai / latAe~ hAthoM para do lapeTana detI huI kaMdhoM ke jor3oM taka gaI haiN| bAhubalI ke udara para tIna valaya aMkita kie gae haiM jo mUrti ko svAbhAvikatA pradAna karate haiM / mUrti ke kAna lambe haiM, ve bhujA ko sparza karate haiN| mUrti para sahaja muskAna kA bhAva jhalakatA hai| yaha kAle pASANa kI hai| apane nirmANa ke prArambhika varSoM meM vaha bahuta sundara rahI hogI kintu aba usa para havA aura pAnI kA prabhAva spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai| smaraNa rahe, yahA~ varSA bahuta adhika hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mUrti isa samaya kahIM kAlI, kahIM maTamailI aura kahIM sapheda- sI naz2ara AtI hai| mUrti ke bAyIM ora tathA dAyIM ora zilAlekha haiN| dAyIM ora ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki cAmuNDarAya ke vaMzaja timmarAja ne enUra meM bhujabalI (bAhubalI) nAmaka jinezvara pratimA zaka saMvat 1525 (1604 I.) meM sthApita kii| yaha timmarAja pANDyanareza kA choTA bhAI, pANDyaka rAnI kA pUtra tathA rAyakavara kA jAmAtA thaa| usane isa mati kI sthApanA belagula (zravaNabelagola) ke bhadAraka (dezIgaNa) cArukIti ke Adeza se enara (veNara) meM kii| bAyIM ora ke zilAlekha meM bhI yaha ullekha hai ki isakI sthApanA timmarAja ne kI thI aura vaha somavaMza kA dhurINa tathA puMjalike kA zAsaka thaa| yahA~ bAhubalI ke lie 'gummaTeza' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ prativarSa mArca (phAlguna pUrNimA) meM rathotsava hotA hai jo pA~ca dinoM taka calatA hai| usa samaya bAhubalI kI choTI dhAtu-pratimA kA upayoga abhiSeka ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / isa avasara para lakar3I ke sundara ratha kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| mUrti vAle cabUtare se cAroM ora harI-bharI pahAr3iyA~, per3a-pattIhIna kAlI Thosa vizAla zilAe~, kabhI-kabhI dUra-dUra kI ina zilAoM se bhI nIce tairate bAdala aura prakRti ke anupama saundarya kI mana ko prasanna karane vAlI jhalaka milatI hai| mUrti ke sAmane se prasiddha kudremukha pahAr3I bhI dikhAI detI hai| (kannar3a meM kudre kA artha hotA hai ghor3A / pahAr3I ke isa prakAra ke AkAra ke kAraNa yaha nAma par3A hogaa|) bAhubalI-mUrti ke kAraNa yuddha-yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki yaha mUrti vahIM para sthita kisI caTTAna ko hI tarAza kara nahIM banAI gaI hai| anuzruti hai ki isakA nirmANa vartamAna sthala se chaha-sAta kilomITara kI dUrI para kalyANI nAmaka sthAna para huA thaa| apanI kIrti amara karane aura apanI barAbarI kA yA U~cA koI dUsarA na ho isa prakAra kI IrSyA manuSya se kyA nahIM karA letI ? aisI hI IrSyA kA kAraNa banI veNUra kI yaha vizAlakAya bhajabalI (bAhabalI) kI mati / zravaNabelagola kI prasiddha bAhabalI mati ke nirmAtA cAmuNDarAya ke hI sambhavata: vaMzaja veNUra ke zAsaka timmarAya ne bhI bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrti
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________________ veNUra | 177 kA nirmANa kArya prArambha kiyA thaa| jaba yaha samAcAra kArakala ke tatkAlIna zAsaka rAjA immaDi bhairavarAya ko milA to usane vicAra kiyA ki usake pUrvaja rAjA vIra pANDya ne kArakala meM 42 phuTa U~cI bAhubalI mUrti pratiSThApita kI hai| agara veNara meM bhI isase U~cI yA bhavya bAhubalI mati bana gaI to usake pUrvaja aura aura kArakala kI mUrti kI prasiddhi meM kamI aaegii| isalie usane timmarAja ko saMdeza bhejA ki veNUra meM bAhubalI mUrti sthApita nahIM kI jAe aura mUrti ko kArakala bheja diyA jaae| timmarAja ko kArakala-nareza kI yaha bAta sahana nahIM hii| usane kahalA bhejA ki kaisI bhI vipatti kyoM na Ae, bAhubalI kI mUrti veNUra meM hI pratiSThita kI jaaegii| yaha samAcAra pAkara bhairavarAya atyanta aprasanna huA aura usane ajila rAjya kI sImA para apanI senA bhejakara veNUra rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyaa| isa vipatti kA samAcAra pAkara veNUra-nareza ne bAhubalI kI mUrti ko yahA~ kI phalguNI nadI ke kinAre retI meM rAtoMrAta chipA diyA tAki hAra jAne para bhI gomaTeza kI mUrti kArakala ke rAjA ke hAtha na lge| usake bAda timmarAja ne apane senApati ko kArakala-nareza kI senA se yuddha karane ke lie apanI sImA para bhejaa| donoM senAoM meM yuddha huA aura kArakala-nareza usameM hAra gyaa| taba kahIM jAkara 1604 I. meM vartamAna mati veNara meM sthApita ho skii| tIsa varSa bAda, mastakAbhiSeka ke samaya phira yuddha-timmarAja ke bAda usakI bhAnajI madhurikAdevI ne 1610 se 1647 taka veNUra meM zAsana kiyaa| usane lagabhaga 1634 I. meM bhujabalI ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka kA Ayojana kiyaa| usa samaya bhI tatkAlIna kArakalanareza ne isa samAroha kA virodha kiyA aura veNUra para AkramaNa kara diyaa| rAnI madhurikA ne kuzalanIti apanAI aura kArakala ke rAjA ko kucha gA~va bheMTa meM dekara vApasa lauTA diyaa| isa prakAra yaha mUrti do bAra IrSyA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa yuddha kA kAraNa bnii| ___Adhunika veNUra meM kula ATha mandira haiM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM-(1) bhujabalI (bAhubalI) mandira, (2) akkaMgala mandira, (3) binnANi mandira, (4) pArzvanAtha mandira, (5) zAntinAtha mandira, (6) vardhamAna mandira, (7) tIrthaMkara mandira tathA (8) RSabhanAtha mandira / mandira kra. 1 se 4 kA paricaya Upara diyA jA cakA hai| zeSa cAra mandiroM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimnaprakAra hai| ye sabhI mandira pAsa-pAsa haiN| bAhubalI-prAMgaNa ke pAsa hI sthAnIya maTha kA kAryAlaya bhI hai| Upara die gae kra. 5 se 8 taka ke mandira gA~va ke pAsa haiN| kallubasadi yA zAntinAtha svAmI mandira-cUMki yaha basadi pASANa (kallu =pASANa nirmita) hai isalie yaha mandira kallu basadi bhI kahalAtA hai| vaise isakI prasiddhi zAntinAtha svAmI mandira ke rUpa meM hai| AkAra meM bar3A hone se yaha bar3A mandira bhI kahalAtA hai| 1490 I. ke lagabhaga jaina, zAsaka timmarAja ke pUrvaja ne isakA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha lAla patthara kA banA hai aura timaMz2alA hai| isameM nIce kI maMz2ila ke mandira ke mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha haiM jinakI kAle pASANa kI lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI bhavya mUrti hai / zAntinAtha ke vigraha (mUrti) ke sAtha hI unake yakSa garur3a aura yakSI mahAmAnasI bhI usI zilA meM utkIrNa kie gae haiM / mUrti kI kamara se upara jo prabhAvalI hai usameM aSTa prAtihAryoM (1. azoka vRkSa, 2. puSpavRSTi, 3. divyadhvani, 4. ca~vara, 5. siMhAsana, 6. prabhAmaNDala, 7. duMdubhi aura 8. chatratrayI) kA sundara aura AkarSaka
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________________ 178 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) aMkana hai| isa prakAra kI prAtihAryoM sahita mUrtiyA~ bahuta hI kama dekhane ko milatI haiM / stambhoM para bhI uttama nakkAzI hai| uparyukta mandira kI dUsarI maMjila para 'vardhamAna svAmI basadi' hai| usameM lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI mahAvIra svAmI kI kAMsya-pratimA virAjamAna hai| usakI prabhAvalI bhI sundara hai| tIsarI maMjila meM candraprabha kI pASANa-mUrti hai| ___isa prakAra zAntinAtha mandira aura vardhamAna mandira eka hI bhavana meM haiM / mandira ke prAMgaNa meM do zilAlekha haiM (dekheM citra kra. 78) / isa mandira ke sAmane eka U~cA mAnastambha (dekheM citra kra. 79) bhI hai jo bahuta dUra se dikhAI detA hai| usameM cAroM ora kula milAkara caubIsa laghu tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa kI gaI haiM jinake kAraNa isa mAnastambha kI zobhA aura bhI adhika bar3ha gaI hai| RSabhadeva basadi-zAntinAtha svAmI mandira kI bAyIM ora yaha eka choTA mandira hai| isake mUlanAyaka RSabhadeva haiN| pASANa-nirmita unakI lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI padmAsana mUrti hai / mandira kA itihAsa jJAta nahIM hai, kintu mUrti prAcIna lagatI hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkara basadi-yaha mandira zAntinAtha svAmI mandira ke dAhinI ora hai| yahA~ eka zilAlekha hai| usake anusAra, rAnI madhurikA ne isa mandira kA nirmANa 1621 I. meM karAyA thaa| zilAlekha aba bhI AsAnI se par3hA jA sakatA hai| isameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI pASANa-pratimAe~ haiM / siMha yukta Asana para mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna hone ke kAraNa yaha mandira 'haripITha' bhI kahalAtA hai| pUrA mandira pASANa-nirmita hai| usake dvAroM kI caukI Adi para bela-bUToM kI kalAtmaka evaM sUkSma kArIgarI kI tulanA halebiDa aura belUra kI kArIgarI se bhI kI jAtI hai| kama-se-kama dakSiNa kannar3a jile meM yaha aMkana zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai| isa mandira meM padmAvatI aura sarasvatI kI pratimAe~ bhI haiN| isa kAraNa ise ammanavara (ammanavara=mA~) mandira bhI kahate haiN| veNUra ke kucha mandiroM ke lie sarakAra se bahuta hI kama rAzi pUjA-prakSAla Adi ke lie milatI hai| isa rAzi ko tasadIka kahA jAtA hai| veNUra tIrthakSetra samiti ke vartamAna adhyakSa zrI vIrendra hegaDe, dharmasthala, aura zrI kRSNarAja ajila (rAjavaMza ke) aura mantrI DaoN. indra, veNUra haiM / kSetra kA patA nimna prakAra hai zrI digambara jaina tIrthakSetra samiti (raji.) gA~va aura po. oN.-veNUra (Venoor), pinakoDa-574242 z2ilA-maMgalora (Mangalore), karnATaka Telifona nambara 31, veNUra Upara yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki yAtrI ko Thaharane kI suvidhA kI STi se mUDabidrI upayukta hai / yA phira Thaharane kI uttama vyavasthA dhyAna meM ho to dharmasthala meM Thaharakara yahA~ ke darzana karane caahie| dharmasthala yahA~ se 32 ki. mI. hai| veNUra se guruvAyanakere 15 ki. mI. aura vahA~ se dharmasthala 17 ki. mI. hai / guruvAyanakere se dharmasthala ke lie dina bhara baseM milatI haiN|
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________________ maMgalora | 179 maMgalora avasthiti evaM mArga ___ choTe kintu dhArmika athavA kalA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sthAnoM ko dekhate-dekhate paryaTaka yA yAtrI kA jI karatA hai ki karnATaka ke bar3e zahara aura vahA~ kI cahala-pahala bhI vaha dekha le to yAtrA ekAMgI nahIM rhegii| aura yadi vahA~ pahAr3iyoM yA sAgara kI bhI chaTA hoto aura bhI sundr| isa icchA kI pUrti hotI hai maMgalora kI yAtrA krke| aura vaha hai bhI to mUDabidrI se kevala 37 ki. mI. dUra, jahA~ pahu~cane ke lie mUDabidrI se hara Adhe ghaNTe para basa milatI hai| yahA~ se veNUra 54 ki. mI. aura dharmasthala 75 ki. mI. hai| jahA~ taka rela kA prazna hai, dillI se maMgalora eksapresa (purAnA nAma jayantI janatA) aura kerala eksapresa (usakA eka-bhAga) yahA~ pahu~catI haiN| gorakhapura-kocIna kA bhI eka bhAga yahA~ AtA hai| madrAsa se vesTa kosTa eksapresa, madrAsa-maMgalora-eksapresa maMgalora AtI haiM / trivendrama ke lie malAbAra eksapresa (trivendrama-maMgalora), tathA trivendrama-maMgalora parazurAma eksapresa tathA aneka peseMjara gAr3iyA~ evaM baMgalora-maMgalora peseMjara yahA~ AtI haiN| isa prakAra yaha zahara dillI, madrAsa, bambaI (janatA eksapresa kAlIkaTa taka), trivendrama aura kanyAkumArI se sIdhA jur3A huA hai| bambaI se aneka ArAmadeha baseM bhI yahA~ AtI haiM / anya zaharoM se bhI (jaise baMgalora, maisUra Adi se) yaha basoM dvArA sIdhA jur3A huA hai| " maMgalora jahAjoM ke lie eka baMdaragAha hai / yahA~ havAI aDDA bhI hai| yahA~ bambaI aura baMgalora se sIdhI ur3Ane AtI haiN| isa nagara kA nAma badalatA rahA hai / kabhI yaha maMDagora (Mandegora), maganUra (Maganur), to kabhI maMgalAdevI ke mandira ke kAraNa maMgalapura bhI kahalAtA rahA hai| samudra ke kinAre sthita isa nagara meM bhI jainadharma kA prabhAva madhyayuga se to kama-se-kama rahA hI hai| karnATaka sarakAra dvArA prakAzita dakSiNa kannar3a (South Kanara) jilA gajeTiyara, 1973 meM isa tathya kA ullekha isa prakAra hai "Most of the dynasties that ruled over the region successively from about the fourteenth century A.D. right upto the beginning of the British period where Jaina and Jaina monuments were developed under royal patronage." arthAt caudahavIM zatAbdI se briTiza zAsana ke prArambha taka adhikatara jina rAjavaMzoM ne uttarottara rAjya kiyA ve jaina the aura unhoMne yahA~ ke smArakoM-basadiyoM ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| . prAcIna digambara jaina mandira maMgalora meM ema. TI. roDa (mena Tempala roDa) se kucha Age eka digambara jaina mandira hai| yaha purAne baMdaragAha kSetra meM hai| vahA~ pahu~cane kA mArga isa prakAra hai| (relave sTezana se basasTaiNDa)-basa sTaiNDa se ghaNTAghara (klaoNka TaoNvara)-TAuna haoNla-seMTrala TaoNkIz2a ke pIche bIbI
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________________ 180 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) alAdI roDa (rAste meM zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka saMgha kA mandira) / isI sar3aka para thor3I dUra Age, dAhine mur3ane para ema. TI. (mena Tempala) roDa nAmaka galI hai| vahA~ masjida ke sAmanevAlI galI se digambara jaina mandira dikhAI detA hai| yadi koI vaise pUchegA to bahuta kama loga yaha mandira batA paaeNge| isalie isa rAste kA anusaraNa karanA caahie| uparyukta mandira sAmane se do-maz2ilA makAna jaisA dikhAI detA hai, yadyapi mandira ke stambha dikhAI dete haiN| isakI chata para kavela (TAilsa) car3he haiM aura tIna choTe-choTe kalaza haiM / mandira kA ahAtA sthAnIya lAla patthara kA hai| basadi kA pravezadvAra lakar3I kA hai kintu usa para tA~bA jar3A huA hai| sAmane balipITha hai| Upara zikhara vAlI maMjila se lakar3I kA eka lambA-sA hAtha donoM ora laTakatA dikhatA hai| ise 'abhayahasta' kahate haiN| basadi ke mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha haiN| unakI prAcIna pratimA padmAsana meM lagabhaga dophaTa U~cI hai| unhIM ke nAma para yaha mandira 'maMgalara zAntinAtha svAmI jaina mandira' kahalAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI makara-toraNayukta aneka mUrtiyA~ bhI yahA~ haiN| AdinAtha kI bhI tIna phuTa U~cI padmAsana meM pratimA hai| padmAvatI kI mUrti bhI yahA~ pratiSThApita hai / mandira meM pradakSiNApatha bhI hai / agramaNDapa kI chata lakar3I kI hai| pravezadvAra kI caukhaTa aura daravAz2e para cA~dI car3hI hai| siradala para kIrtimukha kA aMkana hai| isa nagara meM zrImaMtIbAI ke nAma se eka saMgrahAlaya (Museum) bhI hai / usameM aneka jaina pratimAe~ saMgrahIta haiM / inameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI dhAtumUrti (citra kra. 80-81), caubIsI aura sphaTika pratimAe~ Adi manohArI haiN| ___maMgalora meM lagabhaga pacAsa digambara jaina parivAra nivAsa karate haiN| kintu koI jaina dharmazAlA nahIM hai, pahale thii| yAtrI basa-sTaiNDa ke AsapAsa hoTaloM meM yA relave ke riTAyariMga rUma meM Thahara sakate haiM / sTezana para dUdha upalabdha hai| zAkAhArI bhojana ko 'sasyahAri' likhA gayA hai| sUcanA maMgalora se lagabhaga 15 ki. mI. kI dUrI para talapAr3I nAmaka sthAna se kerala kI sImA prArambha ho jAtI hai / maMgalora se kAsaragoDa (zahara) jAnevAlI sar3aka para sthita baMgara maMjezvara nAmaka gA~va (maMgalora se 27 ki. mI.) meM eka prAcIna mandira bArahavIM sadI kA hai| dUsarA jaina mandira yA maTha bhI prAcIna hai / ina donoM meM Aja bhI pUjana hotI hai| inheM avazya dekhanA caahie| vApasa maMgalora lauTakara sIdhe dharmasthala (39 phuTa uttuMga bAhubalI pratimA) ke darzanArtha jAnA cAhie jo ki maMgalora se 75 ki. mI. hai|
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________________ baMjara maMjezvara / 181 baMgara maMjezvara (bArahavIM sadI kA caumukhA mandira) kerala meM Aja bhI jainadharma hai yaha sunakara loga Azcarya meM par3a jAte haiN| paryaTaka yA yAtrI cAheM to isakI puSTi maMgalora se kula 22 yA 25 ki. mI. yAtrA karake svayaM kara sakate haiM / vahA~ eka parivAra 12vIM sadI kA caumukhA mandira sambhAlatA hai to dUsarA eka parivAra eka anya jaina mandira kI dekhabhAla karatA hai| avasthiti evaM mArga baMgara maMjezvara kerala ke kaNNUra (Cannanore) jile ke kAsaragoDa. tAluka meM sthita hai| karnATaka kI sImA para sthita hone ke kAraNa yAtrAkrama meM isa sthAna kA ullekha yahIM para kara denA upayukta hai| sar3aka-mArga dvArA yaha maMgalora-kAsaragoDa mArga para par3atA hai| talapAr3I nAmaka sthAna se, jo maMjezvara se pahale hai, kerala kI sImA prArambha hotI hai / basa dvArA yaha lagabhaga 25 kilomITara hai| . relamArga dvArA baMgara maMjezvara maMgalora ke bahuta nikaTa hai| maMgalora-triveMdrama lAina para tIsarA relave sTezana 'maMjezvara' hai| dUrI kevala 17 ki. mii.| relave sTezana se bAhara karIba eka pharlAga calane para isa gA~va kA eka cauka milatA hai / cUMki maMjezvara aura baMgara maMjezvara do sthAna haiN| isalie isa cauka se baMgara maMjezvara taka kI 6 ki. mI. kI yAtrA yA to ATorikzA se yA phira talapAr3I se AnevAlI basa dvArA karanI caahie| darzanIya sthala baMgara maMjezvara ke bAre meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jainadharma-pAlaka baMgara nAmaka eka rAjA yahA~ rAjya karatA thA isalie yaha sthAna 'baMgara maMjezvara' kahalAtA hai| (maMjezvara ke dakSiNI aura uttarI bhAga para do choTe-choTe jaina rAjA rAjya karate the| inameM se eka kA nAma baMgara rAjA aura dUsare kA nAma viThala rAjA thaa| TIpU sulatAna ne baMgara rAjA ko phA~sI para laTakA diyA thA aura dUsare ko TellicerI meM zaraNa lene ke lie bAdhya kara diyA thaa| kisI samaya yaha eka samRddha nagara thaa|) ___ baMgara maMjezvara meM yAtrI ko kaTTA (Katta) bAz2Ara meM utaranA caahie| vahIM para anantezvara basa gereja hai| usI ke sAmane 'caturmukhA basadi' yA maTha ke arcaka (pujArI) kA nivAsa hai| ye loga malayAlama, kannar3a yA tulu samajhate haiN| puruSa aMgrez2I bhI samajha lete haiM / sthAnIya navayuvaka hindI bhI jAnate haiM / ve bhI madada kara dete haiN| cUMki arcaka-parivAra ke sadasya subaha pUjana kara maMgalora cale jAte haiM isalie subaha hI yahA~ pahu~ca jAnA ucita rhegaa| adhika acchA yaha hogA ki donoM mandiroM ke rakSakoM ko pahale se patra bhejakara sUcita kara diyA jaae| donoM ke pate vivaraNa ke anta meM die gae haiN|
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________________ 182 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) baMgara maMjezvara ke jaina mandira maMjezvara nadI ke dakSiNI kinAre para sthita haiN| yaha nadI araba sAgara se jA milatI hai| isa sthAna kA eka bhAga maidAnI hai to dUsarA pahAr3I / vartamAna caturmukha basadi yA caumukhA eka choTe TIle yA pahAr3I para sthita hai| usake cAroM ora U~cI la kA gherA hai| isa ghere ke bhI bAhara eka aura gherA hai| usameM se hokara andara jAne ke lie jo rikta sthAna hai usameM se kevala eka hI vyakti Ter3hA hokara nikala sakatA hai| isa TIle ke sAmane nAriyala ke vRkSa haiM aura unake bAda araba sAgara laharAtA hai mAno vaha AdinAtha kA pAdaprakSAlana karanA cAhatA ho| caumukhA mandira choTA hai, usakA zikhara bhI sAdhAraNa hai| usakA jIrNoddhAra bhI huA hai| mandira eka aura U~ce cabUtare para banA hai aura eka-maMjilA hai| isameM cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiN| ye tIrthaMkara haiM-AdinAtha, zAntinAtha, candranAtha aura vardhamAna svaamii| yahA~ padmAvatI kI pratimA bhI hai| isake ahAte meM kSetrapAla aura nAgaphalaka bhI haiN| mandira yadyapi prAcIna hai, tadapi isameM mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya tathA pASANa kI anya sabhI pratimAoM kI Aja bhI pUjana hotI hai| isa mandira ko tulanA, mUrtiyoM ke vinyAsa kI dRSTi se, kArakala kI caturmukha basadi se kI jAtI hai| isa prakAra yaha tulanADu paramparA kA mandira mAnA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAn isa mandira ko solahavIM zatAbdI kA mAnate haiN| itihAsa jo bhI ho, isakA bhUgola aisA hai ki isa TIle para sthita isa basadi ke pAsa samudra kI zAnta aura zItala havA se parama sukha kA anubhava hotA hai| jaina basadi yA cha isI sthAna para eka aura jaina basadi yA maTha hai| yahA~ ke jaina parivAra (kula do) ise choTA caumukhA bhI kahate haiM / yaha kitanA prAcIna hai, yaha kisI ko nahIM mAlUma / isake rakSaka-arcaka ise do sau varSa prAcIna batAte haiN| kintu yaha aura bhI prAcIna ho sakatA hai| vaise yaha caumukhA bhI nahIM hai| zAyada caumukhe (bar3e mandira) se antara batAne ke lie ise choTA caumukhA kaha diyA gayA hai| vAstava meM yaha choTA mandira hai| ... pahicAna ke lie yaha Ajakala maMjezvara bIr3I varksa kooNpareTiva sosAiTI limiTeDa (kerala dineza bIr3I) ke pakke Adhunika bhavana ke pAsa meM sthita hai| AsapAsa muslima AbAdI hai / jaina basadi kahanA ho to jaina ke 'ai' para jora dekara bolanA caahie| yaha basadi eka maMz2ila basadi hai| usa para koI zikhara nahIM hai| bAhara se mAlUma hI nahIM hotA ki yahA~ bhI koI mandira hogaa| isase pahale mandira ko lagabhaga ojhala kie hue (bIca kI barAmadAnumA jagaha chor3akara) eka makAna lambAI meM hai, jisameM isakA rakSaka yA arcaka parivAra rahatA hai| ____uparyukta mandira meM jAne ke lie ahAte jaisI sthAnIya lAla patthara kI dIvAla meM, jo khAlI jagaha hai usameM, se eka AdamI Ter3hA hokara muzkila se andara jA sakatA hai| mandira ke sAmane balipITha hai| ahAte meM eka kSetrapAla hai| eka sAdhAraNa makAna jaise isa mandira meM sundara
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________________ baMgara maMjezvara | 183 pratimAe~ haiM / pravezadvAra ke siradala para koSTha meM hI padmAsana mudrA meM eka tIrthakara pratimA utkIrNa hai jo adhika spaSTa rUpa se lakSita nahIM hai| choTe-se pravezamaNDapa ke bAda eka choTA khAlI koSTha hai| usake bAda pItala yA kAMsya kI manohara pratimAoM kA bahuta sundara saMgraha hai| Upara kI paMkti meM pA~ca kAMsya-pratimAe~ haiM to nIce dAhinI ora cAra tathA bAIM ora cAra kAMsya-mUrtiyA~ haiN| ye sabhI kAyotsarga mudrA meM makara-toraNa se alaMkRta haiN| sabase nIce kI paMkti meM bhI aisI hI chaha kAMsya-pratimAe~ aura haiN| isI koSTha meM, kendra meM, kAMsya kI eka caubIsI hai jisake mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiM aura zeSa tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM haiN| kAyotsarga mudrA meM hI chatratrayI aura makara-toraNa se sajjita do kAMsya-pratimAe~ haiN| unase bhI bar3I kintu yakSa-yakSI sahita pArzvanAtha pratimA tIna chatra, makara-toraNa aura kIrtimukha sahita hai / supArzvanAtha kI eka bahuta hI manohArI kAMsya mUrti bhI yahA~ hai jisakA alaMkaraNa atyanta lubhAvanA hai| usa para pA~ca phaNa aura yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiN| ina pratimAoM kI vedI sAde patthara kI hai| isI kakSa meM lakar3I kI bilakula sAdI vedI meM kAMsya kI hI brahmadeva (ghor3e para), padmAvatI (phaNa sahita), kUSmAMDinI aura sarasvatI kI AkarSaka pratimAe~ haiN| yahIM gaNadharapAla ora tA~be kA siddhayantra bhI haiN| garbhagRha choTA hai, usakI vedI bhI sAdhAraNa patthara kI hai| usa para eka caubIsI virAjamAna hai jisake mUlanAyaka AdinAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiM aura zeSa tIrthaMkara padmAsana mudrA meN| kAMsya kI eka bahuta choTI caubIsI bhI yahA~ hai jisake mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiM aura zeSa tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM / pArzvanAtha kI hI eka anya kAMsya pratimA chatratrayI aura makaratoraNa se saMjoI gaI hai| ___mandira kI chata nIcI, DhaluA aura lakar3I kI hai| usa para yA dIvAloM para koI kArIgarI nahIM hai / garbhagRha aura pratimA-prakoSTha meM a~dherA hai| pradakSiNA-patha bhI nahIM hai| usake cAroM ora ghUmakara dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mandira ke jIrNoddhAra kI AvazyakatA hai| eka hI sAdhanahIna kRSaka parivAra isa sudUra pradeza meM mandira kI kaba taka rakSA kara sakegA! yAtriyoM ko sahAyatA karanI caahie| uparyukta mandiroM se sambandhita pate isa prakAra haiM 1. zrI digamgara jaina caturmukha basadi c/o zrI vI. padmarAjendra / ceTTiyArapeTa (Chettiarpet) po. oN. baMgara-maMjezvara (Bangar Manjeshwar) Pin 670323 jilA-kAsaragoDa (Kasargod), Kerala 2. zrI jaina basadi C/o zrI jayarAma indra ceriyAra Near Kerala Dinesh Beedi Bldg. po. oN. baMgara maMjezvara (Bangar Manjeshwar)-670323 * z2ilA-kAsaragoDa (Kasargod), Kerala
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________________ 184 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) dharmasthala [dharmo kA apUrva saMgama] karnATaka ke kisI bhI kone meM yadi Apa kisI bhI dharma ke anuyAyI se yaha pUche ki kyA vaha dharmasthala (Dharmasthal) ke bAre meM jAnatA hai to uttara milegA, "kyoM nahIM, vaha to eka apUrva tIrthasthala hai !" karnATaka ke lagabhaga hara sthAna se basoM se jur3A jaina aura jainetara janatA kA yaha tIrthasthAna sabhI dharmoM kA apUrva saMgama hai| yahA~ lagabhaga pA~ca hajAra tIrthayAtrI pratidina Ate haiM aura snAnAgArayukta kamaroM vAlI Adhunika dharmazAlAoM meM niHzulka Thaharane ke atirikta niHzulka bhojana bhI pAte haiN| sarvadharma-sahiSNutA kA lagabhaga pichale pAMca sau varSoM se prasiddha yaha kSetra na kevala dhArmika kSetra meM, apitu sAMskRtika, sAhityika aura zaikSika kSetra meM, apane apUrva sahayoga evaM dIna-dukhiyoM ke prati sevA-bhAva tathA sahAyatA ke kAraNa karnATaka se bAhara bhI, kIrti arjita kara cukA hai| san 1982 I. meM yahA~ bhagavAna bAhubalI kI vizAla evaM sundara mUrti kI pratiSThA ho jAne se bhI yaha jainoM ke lie eka pramukha dharmatIrtha bana gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ ke dharmAdhikArI vIrendra heggar3e jI 'abhinava cAmuNDarAya' ke nAma se prasiddha ho gae haiN| avasthiti evaM mArga dharmasthala maMgalora (dakSiNa kannar3a) jile ke belaTaMgaDi tAluka meM sthita hai| maMgalora se yahA~ kI dUrI 75 ki. mI. hai| maMgalora se baMTavala taka rASTrIya rAjamArga kra. 48 hai| vahA~ se rAjya sarakAra kA rAjamArga kra. 64 lenA hotA hai| rAjamArga baMTavala se guruvAyanakere, vahA~ se belaTaMgaDi aura ujire (Ujire) taka taya karane ke bAda, dharmasthala ke lie sar3aka mur3atI hai| pUrA mArga suvidhAjanaka evaM vyasta hai| yaha maMgalora-cikamaMgalUra mArga bhI kahalAtA hai| maDabidrI se Ane vAloM ko veNara (20 ki. mI.), vahA~ se guruvAyanakere (15 ki. mI.), aura vahA~ se dharmasthala (17 ki. mI.) AnA cAhie / guruvAyanakere se nagara-sevA kI taraha hara samaya baseM milatI rahatI haiM / zravaNabelagola kI ora se Ane vAle yAtrI hAsana (135 ki. mI.) se yA belUra (mUDigere hote hue, cAramADi ghATa bIca meM AtA hai) se yahA~ pahu~ca sakate haiM / yahA~ se baMgalora 349 ki. mI. hai| dharmasthala kI kula AbAdI 6000 ke lagabhaga hai kintu yahA~ yAtriyoM, basoM (sarakArI, gaira-sarakArI) aura anya vAhanoM kA melA lagA rahatA hai| kabhI-kabhI to yAtriyoM kI saMkhyA dasa hajAra aura usase bhI adhika pahu~ca jAtI hai| somavAra ko, maMjunAtha kI vizeSa pUjA ke samaya, yahA~ ATha-dasa hajAra yAtrI hote haiM / mele ke samaya yaha saMkhyA cAlIsa hajAra taka pahu~catI hai| ___ maMgalora kI ora se (guruvAyanakere hote hue) yahA~ Ane para, dharmasthala se do ki. mI. pahale, 'netrAvatI' nadI par3atI hai jo ki maMgalora meM araba sAgara meM milatI hai| zraddhAlu isake
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________________ dharmasthala | 185 ghATa para nahAkara vahA~ sthita choTI-choTI dukAnoM se pUjA kI sAmagro kharIdakara dharmasthala kI yAtrA karate haiN| dharmasthala pahu~cane para sabase pahale lagabhaga tIsa phITa U~cA mahAdvAra AtA hai| isakA nirmANa 1966 meM sva0 zrI ratnavarmA heggaDe ne karAyA thaa| usameM sabase Upara donoM ora ziva kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| donoM ora do gumaTiyA~ haiM, unameM bhI ziva (maMjunAtha) pratiSThita haiN| mahAdvAra se sabhI sarakArI yA paryaTaka baseM andara taka AtI haiN| vahA~ unakA jamaghaTa dekhA jA sakatA hai| eka vizAla sarakArI basa-sTaiNDa hai jisameM pUchatAcha kendra, amAnatI sAmAna-ghara, samaya-sAraNI Adi sabhI suvidhAe~ haiM / yahIM dUra taka arthAt maMjunAtha mandira taka lagabhaga sau dukAneM yA hoTaleM najara AtI haiN| eka prakAra se pUrA bAjAra hI hai| dharmasthala kSetra kA eka pUchatAcha kAryAlaya (enquiry office) bhI hai jahA~ se yAtriyoM ke Thaharane aura bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| jaina yAtrI zrI vIrendra heggaDe jI ke nivAsa sthAna (vasanta mahala jo ki maMjunAtha mandira ke sAmane hI hai) para unake nijI saciva se Thaharane Adi ke lie anurodha kara sakate haiM / zrI heggaDejI aura unakA parivAra digambara jaina dharma kA anuyAyI hai| sAtha hI, vigata pA~ca sau varSoM se vaha sarvadharma-samanvaya aura sahiSNutA kA smaraNIya kArya karatA A rahA hai| dharmasthala meM dharmazAlAe~ Adhunika DhaMga kI banI haiM aura vizAla hone ke sAtha-sAtha snAnAgAra Adi Adhunika suvidhAoM se sajjita kamaroM se yukta haiN| inameM Thaharane aura kSetra kI bhojanazAlA meM yAtriyoM ko bhojana karAne kA koI zulka nahIM liyA jaataa| dharmazAlAoM ke nAma haiM-narmadA, godAvarI, gaMgA, zarAvatI, netrAvatI, vaizAlI aadi| jainadharma sambandhI smArakoM (bAhubalI pratimA, mandiroM Adi) kA varNana karane ke bAda isa sthAna ke anya mandiroM evaM kAryakalApa para saMkSipta prakAza DAlA jaaegaa| isase pahale isa kSetra ke nirmANa kA kucha itihAsa bhI jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi dharmasthala kSetra kA itihAsa lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa purAnA hai| pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM mallAramADi nAmaka gA~va meM eka jainadharmI sAmanta parivAra 'nelyADi bIDa' (Aja bhI hai) nAmaka apane nivAsa-sthAna meM rahatA thaa| gRhasvAmI kA nAma biramanna pergaDe tathA gRhasvAminI kA nAma ammudevI ballatI thaa| unhoMne apane nivAsa sthAna ke pAsa candranAtha svAmI basadi (Aja bhI hai) kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| ve donoM itane dAnazIla the ki yaha sthAna 'kuDumA' (Kuduma) kahalAne lgaa| isa zabda kA artha hai-vaha sthAna jahA~ dAna kI hI pradhAnatA ho| ____ kahA jAtA hai ki eka dina 'dharmadeva' mAnavoM ke rUpa meM azvoM aura hAthiyoM para apane lavAjame ke sAtha nelyADi bIDu Aye / unakA isa dampatI ne khUba svAgata-satkAra kiyA aura dAna diyaa| prasanna hokara devoM ne kahA, "pergaDe (heggaDe) ! hama tumhArI dAnazIlatA para prasanna haiM / tuma apanA yaha nivAsa-sthAna hameM de do aura hamArI pUjA karo, apanA nivAsa anyatra banA lo to hama tumheM asImita dhana aura samRddhi pradAna kreNge|" donoM pati-patnI dIpa
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________________ 186 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) dhUpa jalAkara unheM prasanna karane lge| apanA ghara bhI unhoMne anyatra banA liyaa| eka dina phira ve devatA unake svapna meM Aye aura kahane lage : "hama kAlarAhu (Kalarahu), kalaka (Kalarkai), kumArasvAmI aura kanyAkumArI haiN| hamAre mandira banavAo aura utsavoM kA Ayojana kro| hamArA kArya aNNappA (deva) kreNge| tuma do kulIna vyaktiyoM ko niyukta karo jo pUjanAdi karate-karAte rheN| agara zraddhApUrvaka ye kArya kie gae to tumheM dhana kI kabhI kamI nahIM hogI aura tumhArI pIr3hiyoM taka artha aura kIti kA kArya akSuNNa jArI rhegaa| hama tumhArI rakSA kreNge|" heggar3e dampatI ne vaisA hI kiyA aura dharmadevoM kI bhI ArAdhanA tathA utsava kA Ayojana hone lgaa| jaba unhoMne brAhmaNoM ko utsavoM ke samaya pUjA ke lie Amantrita kiyA to brAhmaNoM ne yaha kahakara iMkAra kara diyA ki ve, devoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavAna kI pUjA ho, tabhI A sakate haiN| isa para dharmadevoM ne aNNappA ko kadarI nAmaka sthAna se liMgama (zivaliMga) ma~gavAyA aura use vahA~ sthApita karavA diyA jahA~ Ajakala zrImaMjunAtha svAmI kA mandira hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha bodhisatva maMjughoSa jainoM aura hinduoM meM ziva kA pratirUpa hai| (smaraNa rahe, bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke 1008 nAmoM meM ziva bhI eka nAma hai| kucha vidvAna ziva aura RSabhadeva ko eka hI mAnate haiN| vaidikadhArA ke 'zivaparANa' meM RSabhadeva ko ziva kA eka avatAra mAnA gayA hai| isa purANa meM jainadharma para eka pUrA adhyAya hI hai|) jo bhI ho, isa dAnI gA~va (kuDumA) meM zrI candranAtha svAmI, zrI maMjunAtha (ziva), cAra devoM aura aNNappA deva ina sabakI pUjA hone lgii| yahIM se prArambha huA isa anUThe dharma-saMgama kA dharmasthala rUpa / san 1432 I. meM jaba biramanna pergaDe kI mRtyu ho gaI, taba unake uttarAdhikArI padmayyA heggaDe ne kallurataya (Kallurthaya) nAmaka eka anya devatA kI mUrti bhI yahA~ ke mandira meM sthApita kii| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha devatA bhaktoM ke kalyANa meM aNNappA kA dAhinA hAtha hai| solahavIM zatAbdI meM sode (Adhunika svAdI) nAmaka sthAna ke vAdirAja maTha ke zrI vAdirAja yahA~ Aye / heggaDe parivAra ne unase zikSA grahaNa karane kA jaba Agraha kiyA to unhoMne yaha kahakara iMkAra kara diyA ki jahA~ maMjunAtha kI pratimA devoM dvArA sthApita kI gaI ho, ve bhikSA nahIM leNge| heggaDe ne isa para unase pratimA kA saMskAra karane ke lie khaa| aisA hI kiyA gyaa| vAdirAja svAmI utsava aura dAna se prasanna hae aura unhoMne isa sthAna kA nAma 'dharmasthala' rakha diyaa| aba kuDumA dharmasthala ho gyaa| san 1903 meM mallaramADi gA~va ko kuDumA meM milAkara dharmasthala nAma sarakArI kAg2az2oM meM bhI darja kara diyA gyaa| taba se Aja taka heggaDe parivAra ise sArthaka dharmasthala banAne aura dAnazIlatA kA kSetra adhika se adhika vistAra karane meM tana-mana-dhana se nirantara lagA rahatA hai| unnIsavIM sadI ke prArambha meM kucha gar3abar3I huI to gavarnara janarala ne Adeza nikAlA ki dharmasthala ke mAmaloM meM hastakSepa nahIM kiyA jaae| maisUra ke mahArAjA ne bhI yahA~ Akara aura maisUra meM bhI heggaDe-jana kA svAgata kiyaa| san 1830 I. se 1955 I. taka heggaDe vaMzajoM ne yahA~ ke mandiroM meM aneka nirmANakArya karavAe aura aneka sArvajanika kAryoM jaise skUla, pradarzaniyA~ tathA sarvadharma-sammelana kI
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________________ dharmasthala | 187 kalyANakArI paramparAe~ prArambha kIM / zrI ratnavarmA heggaDe (1955 se 1968 I.) kA samaya dharmasthala ke lie bahuta mahattvapUrNa rahA / unhoMne yAtriyoM ke lie aneka suvidhAe~ juttaaiiN| inameM Adhunika suvidhAoM se yukta gaMgA, kAverI aura narmadA nAmaka susajjita dharmazAlAe~, bAraha haoNla aura parivAroM ke lie choTe bhavanoM kA nirmANa zAmila hai / sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM ke lie bhI unhoMne 'saMnyAsI kaTTe' nAmaka bhavana banavAyA / ujire nAmaka sthAna para unhoMne kalA, vijJAna aura vANijya maMjunAthezvara kaoNleja tathA dharmasthala meM bhI hAI skUla kA nirmANa karavAyA / sva. ratnavarmA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa kArya 1967 I. meM yahA~ ke lie kArakala meM bAhubalI kI 39 phITa U~cI pratimA kA nirmANa prArambha karavAnA thA / apane jIvana kAla meM ve yaha kArya pUrNa nahIM kara sake / veNUra aura kArakala kI bAhubalI pratimAoM ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka meM bhI 504 kalazoM se abhiSeka kara unhoMne apane zraddhA-sumana bAhubalI ko arpita kie the / zrI ratnavarmA ne aneka sarvadharma aura sAhitya sammelanoM kA bhI Ayojana kiyA / zRMgerI ke jagadguru ne unheM 'rAjamaryAdA' aura koniyAra maTha ke svAmI ne unheM 'dharmavIra' padavI se vibhUSita kiyA thA / vartamAna dharmAdhikArI 1 dharmasthala ke vartamAna dharmAdhikArI zrI vIrendra hegaDe kA padAbhiSeka apane pitA ke nidhana para bIsa varSa kI Ayu meM 1968 I. meM huA / usa samaya se hI unhoMne apane pitA ke adhUre kArya ko pUrNa karane aura isa kSetra kI unnati meM apane ko ekAkAra kara diyA hai| bAhubalI kI mUrti kA kAraka meM nirmANa unhoMne jArI rakhA / baMTavala nAmaka sthAna para ' AdIzvara svAmI basadi' kA kArya bhI unhoMne pUrA karAyA / yUropa, amerikA aura pUrvI eziyA (thAIdeza, siMgApura ) Adi meM jAkara dharma- prabhAvanA kI hai| aneka sthAnoM ke paMcakalyANaka bhI unhoMne karavAe haiN| isake sAtha hI aneka mandiroM, carcoM, masjidoM ko muktahasta dAna diyA hai / vivAha Adi para atyadhika kharca se garIba logoM ko bacAne ke lie heggaDejI ne sAmUhika vivAha kAryakrama prArambha kie haiM jinake antargata vibhinna jAtiyoM ke yuvaka-yuvatiyoM ke pA~ca sau se adhika vivAha eka sAtha eka hI dina meM sampanna hote haiM / aneka skUloM, kaoNlejoM tathA aspatAloM ko inakI ora se muphta sahAyatA dI jAtI hai / dharmasthala ke isa dAnavIra parivAra kI ora se cAra prAthamika skUla, do hAIskUla, gyAraha kaoNleja (iMjIniyariMga, vyavasAya prabandha bhI) tathA nau anya saMsthAna vibhinna sthAnoM meM saMcAlita kie jA rahe haiN| yAtriyoM ke lie naye gesTa hAusa banavAe gae haiN| 1 T zrI hegaDejI ne aneka utsava prArambha kie haiM jinameM yahA~ kA 'lakSadIpotsava' prasiddha hai / yaha kArtika mAsa kI ekAdazI se amAvasyA taka calatA hai / antima dina candranAtha - svAmI kI samavasaraNa - pUjA kI jAtI hai| heggaDejI aneka vivAdoM kA nipaTArA bhI karate haiM aura unakA nirNaya sabhI ko mAnya hotA hai| pUjA-vidhAnoM ke aneka niyama haiM / una niyamoM ke antatayA hegaDejI kI anumati se hI yahA~ vizeSa pUjA-anuSThAna kie jA sakate haiM / manautiyA~ manAne vAle hegaDejI ke bhAra ke barAbara cAvala yA anya sAmagrI kA dAna bhI karate haiM / isake
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________________ 188 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) lie tulAbhAra hai| ve devasvarUpa mAne jAte haiM / dharmasthala jo bhI kucha hai isa parivAra kI apanI paramparAgata sampatti yA saMsthA hai jisakI susthApita paramparAe~ bana gaI haiM / yahA~ ke sarvadharma sammelana bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / zrI vIrendra heggaDejI ke samaya meM hI yahA~ bhagavAna bAhubalI kI 39 phITa U~cI mUrti sthApita huI hai| jaina smAraka aura aba dharmasthala ke jaina smArakoM kI yAtrA / calie mahAdvAra (geTave) ke pAsa kI choTI pahAr3I kI ora / isa dvAra ke pAsa kI dasa-pandraha sIr3hiyA~ car3hane ke bAda navanirmita pravezamaNDapa hai jisa para kaTanIdAra burja bane hue haiN| isa maNDapa ke siradala para eka upAdhyAya kA aMkana hai| unakA hAtha upadeza mudrA meM uThA huA hai| isI maNDapa se saTA huA eka choTA-sA harA-bharA bagIcA hai| usameM eka zera aura eka gAya Amane-sAmane khar3e hokara pAnI pIte hue dikhAe gae haiM / vAstavika jalakuNDa meM unakA mu~ha hai| vahIM nAgarI meM eka borDa hai 'pAdarakSA pahanakara mata jaaie'| ___ aba Age 276 sIr3hiyA~ car3hanI hotI haiN| Ane-jAne ke lie ye lohe kI char3oM se vibhAjita kara dI gaI haiN| bIca-bIca meM kannar3a meM sUcanAe~ haiN| sIr3hiyoM ke pAsa se kAra Adi Upara jAne ke lie eka sar3aka bhI hai| jahA~ ye sIr3hiyA~ samApta hotI haiM vahA~ sImeMTa kaMkrITa (Ara. sI. sI.) kA eka vizAla praveza-maNDapa yA kaTanIdAra gopura hai| isI maNDapa meM svargIya zrI ratnavarmA heggaDe, jinhoMne mUrti kA nirmANa karavAyA thA, kI khar3I huI pratimA aura mUti sambandhI kucha vivaraNa hai| ve sira para sapheda maisUrI pagar3I, lambA kAlA koTa, aura dhotI pahane hue naMge pA~va haiN| yahIM se dikhAI detI hai bhagavAna bAhubalI kI navIna bhavya prtimaa| bAhubalI sthala kA ahAtA U~cI pahAr3I para bahuta vizAla hai jahA~ AsapAsa kA hariyAlI bharA dRzya, zItala pavana aura zAnta vAtAvaraNa hajAroM darzakoM ko Anandita karatA hai| bAhubalI kI mUrti ke sAmane caukI se lagabhaga 30 phITa U~cA mAnastambha haiN| usake cAroM ora yakSiNiyoM kA aMkana hai| eka dizA meM devI ke cAra hAthoM meM gadA, phala Adi haiN| eka hAtha varada mudrA meM hai| devI para pA~ca phaNoM kI chAyA hai| mukuTa meM tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / vAhana kukkuTa hai / eka anya dizA meM aSTabhujAdevI utkIrNa hai| tIsarI dizA meM SaDbhujA devI utkIrNa hai| cauthI dizA kI devI kI do bhujAe~ haiM / eka se vaha zizu kA hAtha pakar3e hai to dUsare se zizu ko godI meM saMbhAle hue hai / nIce siMha aura mukuTa para tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| ye saba tIrthaMkaroM kI yakSiNiyA~ yA zAsana-deviyA~ haiM / mAnastambha para mAlAoM evaM patrAvalI kA bhI sundara aMkana hai| usa para sabase Upara brahmadeva haiM / unake hAtha meM gadA hai| mukuTa U~cA hai aura ve gale meM aneka mAlAe~ dhAraNa kie hue haiN| 39 phITa UMcI bAhubalI mUrti ko pratiSThA yahA~ sthApita bAhubalI kI mUrti (citra kra. 82) kI pratiSThA pharavarI 1982 meM huI thii| pratiSThApaka the zrI vIrendra hegar3e, vartamAna dhrmaadhikaarii| isakI pratiSThA ke avasara para
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________________ dharmasthala / 189 heggaDejI ko 'abhinava cAmuNDarAya' kI padavI se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| prasiddha zilpI zrI gopAlakRSNa zinaoNya ne kArakala meM isakA nirmANa kiyA thaa| pratimA kArakala se vizeSa rUpa se nirmita TraoNlI para lAI gaI thii| isameM lagabhaga tIna saptAha kA samaya lagA thaa| usakA vaz2ana 200 Tana ke lagabhaga hai / use 250 azvazakti ke tIna bulaDoz2ara kA upayoga kara lAyA gayA thaa| TraoNlI meM 64 pahie the| rAste meM sabhI dharmoM, vargoM ke logoM ne mUrti kA bhavya svAgata kiyA thA, toraNadvAra banAe the| logoM ne julUsa meM zAmila bhaktoM ko zItala peya padArtha bA~Te, sar3akeM caur3I karane meM aura asthAyI pula banAne meM niHzulka sahayoga pradAna kiyA thaa| relave vibhAga ne bhI puloM ke nirmANa meM hAtha ba~TAyA thaa| bambaI kI hindustAna kansaTrakzana kampanI ne yaha mUrti hajAroM logoM ke sahayoga se 25 pharavarI 1975 ko khar3I kara dI thii| grenAiTa patthara se nirmita yaha navIna vizAlakAya mati 39 phITa U~cI hai| kandhoM para usakI caur3AI 14 phITa hai / eka bar3A caukora cabUtarA, usake bhI Upara eka cabUtarA hai / usI ke lagabhaga 60 varga phuTa UparI bhAga para yaha pratimA kamalAsana para kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthApita hai| bAhubalI svAmI ke donoM caraNoM ke AsapAsa eka-eka hAthI sUMDa se bhagavAna kA pAda-prakSAlana karate hue dikhAe gae haiN| dAhinI ora ke hAthI ke pAsa eka gAya aura eka zera ko sAtha-sAtha pAnI pIte dikhAyA gayA hai / bAIM tarapha ke hAthI ke pAsa eka gAya aura eka zeranI aMkita hai| zeranI kA zizu gAya kA dUdha pI rahA hai to gAya kA bachar3A zeranI kaa| dharma kI prabhAvanA se saha-astitva kA yahA~ manohArI aMkana hai / isa mUrti kA svarUpAMkana AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) dvArA AdipurANa meM varNita bAhubalI-caritra (parva 36) ke anusAra kiyA gayA jAna par3atA hai| prastuta haiM eka-do zloka virodhino'yamI muktavirodha svrmaasitaaH| tasyopAnrIsiMhAdyAH zazaMsurvarbhavaM muneH / / 165 / / (unake caraNoM ke samIpa hAthI, siMha Adi virodhI jIva bhI paraspara kA vaira-bhAva chor3akara icchAnusAra baiThate the aura isa prakAra ve munirAja ke aizvarya ko sUcita karate the|) jarajjambUkamAghrAya mastake vyaaghrdhenukaa| svazAvanivizeSaM tAmapIpyat stanyamAtmanaH // 166 // - (hAla kI janmI huI siMhI bhaiMsa ke bacce kA mastaka sUMghakara use apane bacce ke samAna apanA dUdha pilA rahI thii|) kariNyo visinopatrapuTaiH pAnIyamAnayat / .. tadyogapIThaparyantabhuvaH sammArjanecchayA // 169 // (una munirAja ke dhyAna karane ke Asana ke samIpa kI bhUmi ko sApha karane kI icchA se hathiniyA~ kamalinI ke pattoM kA donA banAkara unameM bhara-bharakara pAnI lA rahI thiiN|) hAthiyoM ke hI pAsa donoM ora bAhubalI kI eka-eka bahina brAhmI aura sundarI utkIrNa haiM / ve bAhubalI ke tana para lipaTI beleM haTAtI huI dikhAI gaI haiM / bAhubalI ke donoM pairoM ke bIca meM se nikalatI beleM unakI jA~ghoM para lipaTatI aMkita haiM jo vAstavika lagatI haiN| unakI pattiyoM kA bahuta sUkSma evaM sundara aMkana hai / latAe~ ghuTanoM se Upara jA~ghoM para kevala eka hI
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________________ 190 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) bAra lipaTI haiM aura kuhanI para hotI huI kandhoM ke kucha UparI bhAga taka do bAra bAhubalI kI bhujAoM ko veSTita karatI haiM / bAhubalI ke ghuTanoM ke donoM ora taka jhAr3iyA~ dikhAI gaI haiN| unake patte tihare-cauhare hokara nIce kI ora jhuke haiM / vahIM, bAMbiyoM meM se sarpa nikalate dikhAe gae haiN| pratimA ke mastaka para challedAra kezoM kA aMkana hai| nAbhi ke pAsa tIna valaya (rekhAe~) bhI halake-se utkIrga haiM / bAhubalI kI A~kheM dhyAnamagna haiM, unakI dRSTi nAsAgra hai / unakI gambhIra muskAna bhI vairAgyapUrNa lagatI hai| zAnta dhyAnastha pratimA manohara hai| bAhubalI ke keza (sAmane se) UparI sire taka pradarzita haiN| hAthoM kI U~galiyoM kI tIna haDDiyoM kA ubhAra spaSTa rUpa se dikhAyA gayA hai| pratimA ko yadi pIche kI ora se dekhA jAe to vahA~ bhI jA~ghoM taka vRkSoM-jhAr3iyoM kA aMkana dikhAI detA hai| nIce do sarpa bAhara nikalate aMkita haiM aura keza kAna ke nicale sire taka pradarzita haiN| pratimA jisa bar3I vedI para khar3I hai usa para zRkhalAoM, patrAvalI aura kamala ke phUloM kI paMktiyA~ manohArI DhaMga se utkIrNa haiN| mUrti kA raMga saleTI hai kintu kucha sapheda yA maTamailI-sI dhAriyA~ bhI dikhAI detI haiN| bAhubalI pratimA ke sAmane hI, pItala kI bAhubalI kI eka choTI pratimA bhI donoM pairoM ke bIca meM rakhI huI hai| donoM ora haMsa citrita pA~ca-chaha phuTa U~ce pItala ke dIpadAna haiN| mUrti ke sAmane akhaMDa dIpa jalatA rahatA hai| bAhubalI kI pratimA ke darzana ke lie pratidina hajAroM darzakoM kA tAMtA lagA rahatA hai| yAtriyoM ke vizrAma ke lie DhaluA chata kA ATha stambhoM para AdhArita eka maNDapa isI ahAte meM mAnastambha ke pAsa banAyA gayA hai| mAnastambha ke bAda, pratimA ke sAmane hI, eka dhvajastambha bhI hai| _ 'bAhubalI vihAra' nAmaka yaha vizAla prAMgaNa svaccha, zAnta aura pAnI-bijalI kI sundara vyavasthA se paripUrNa hai / eka haiNDapampa bhI vahA~ lagA rakhA hai| phlaDalAiTa kI bhI acchI vyavasthA hai| bijalI kI rozanI meM bAhubalI kI anUThI chaTA vizeSa AkarSaka ho jAtI hai| isa sthAna ke AsapAsa kI dRzyAvali manohara hai hI; pahAr3iyA~ aura ghATiyA~, hare-bhare vRkSa, mor3a letI sar3akeM, mUrti ke sAmane khar3e hokara dAhinI ora dikhAI denevAlI U~cI parvatamAlA yAtrI meM sphUti evaM prakRti-prema jagAtI haiN| hara yAtrI isa chaTA ko nihAratA, usa suramya sthAna meM apane vyasta kSaNoM ko bhulA dene kA prayatna karatA dikhAI detA hai| tapasyArata bAhubalI bhI klAnta-zrAnta yAtrI ko sahaja sukha kA anubhava karAte haiN| aNNappA svAmI-mahAdvAra ke bAIM ora aNNappA svAmI ke mandira ke lie sIr3hiyA~ haiN| aNNappA varSa meM eka bAra heggaDejI ko Azvasta karate haiM ki dAna karate jAo, yAtriyoM ko sukha do, tumheM dravya kI kabhI kamI nahIM hogii| isa mandira meM striyA~ aura bacce praveza nahIM kara skte| maMjunAtha mandira-kucha aura Age jAne para maMjunAtha mandira hai| yaha ziva-mandira hai| isake Age apAra janasamUha hotA hai| lAina lagatI hai kintu darzana-sevA Adi kA bar3A vyavasthita krama calatA hai| mandira bahuta vizAla hai| usameM gaNeza aura ziva kI mUrtiyA~ sone kI haiN| daravAjoM kI caukhaToM aura kalApUrNa DhaMga se utkIrNa stambhoM para cA~dI mar3hI gaI hai| devI
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________________ dharmasthala | 191 kanyAkumArI kI mUrti bhI sone kI hai| yaha mandira eka nyAyAlaya kI bhA~ti hai| yahA~ koI bhI jhUThI kasama nahIM khA sktaa| yadi vaha aisA karatA hai to use hAni uThAnI par3atI hai, yahA~ taka ki mRtyu bhI ho jAtI hai, aisI mAnyatA hai| mandira meM loga manautiyA~ manAte haiM aura manokAmanA pUrI hone para nAnA prakAra kA car3hAvA car3hAte haiN| kucha loga heggaDejI ke bhAra ke barAbara padArtha bhI bheMTa karate haiM / mandira darzanIya hai| usameM kevala peMTa yA luMgI dhotI pahanakara hI puruSa praveza kara sakate haiN| maMjunAtha mandira yA dharmasthala kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki mandira zaiva hai, pujArI vaiSNava haiM aura vyavasthApaka jaina privaar| maMjunAtha mandira ke sAmane eka saMgrahAlaya bhI hai| vasanta mahala-uparyukta mandira ke nikaTa hI zrI vIreMdra heggaDejI kA nivAsa sthAna hai| yaha vizAla bhavana vasanta mahala kahalAtA hai / yahA~ unake nijI saciva se samparka kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA yahA~ para sthita caityAlaya ke darzana kI anumati prApta kI jA sakatI hai| heggaDejI apane ghara meM bhI aneka jaina yAtriyoM ko premapUrvaka bhojana karAte haiN| unake mahala meM praveza karate hI eka susajjita sammelana yA sabhAbhavana hai| ___ zrI heggaDejI ke pArzvanAtha caityAlaya meM daravAje para cA~dI jar3I hai, siradala para sundara DhaMga se utkIrNa padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimA hai| sone kI pArzvanAtha mUrti, siddha bhagavAna kI sphaTika mUrti, mahAvIra svAmI kI paMcadhAtu kI pratimA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kI sundara racanA hai| yahIM vardhamAna svAmI ko indra aura indrANI hAthI para abhiSeka ke lie le jAte pradarzita haiM / vedI ke Upara bar3A-sA svastika hai / sarasvatI evaM yakSiNiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI nIce sthApita haiN| choTA-sA yaha caityAlaya sundara aura AkarSaka hai| vasanta mahala ke nIce vAle cauka meM zrI AdinAtha svAmI mandira hai| mUlanAyaka AdinAtha kI paMcadhAtu kI lagabhaga Der3ha phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mudrA meM chatratrayI se yukta, makara-toraNa se susajjita pratimA hai (dekheM citra kra. 83) / yahA~ eka atyanta AkarSaka caubIsI bhI tIna ora nirmita hai| yaha sphaTika kI hai aura rozanI karane para pratimAe~ harI, lAla, pIlI dikhAI detI haiN| prakAza pratimAoM ke Ara-pAra ho jAtA hai / zrutaskandha ke atirikta yahA~ kucha kAMsya pratimAe~ bhI haiM / garbhagRha se Age ke kakSa meM sundara zrRMgAra se sajjita padmAvatI, cA~dI kI paoNliza aura makara-toraNa yukta jinavANI mAtA bhI haiM / mandira ke praveza-dvAra para padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura Upara ke gavAkSa meM bhI padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti hai| jaina paryaTakoM ko zrI heggaDejI ke kAryAlaya se samparka karanA caahie| unake saciva Adi se bhI paryApta sahAyatA milatI hai| patA isa prakAra hai dharmAdhikArI zrI vIrendra heggaDejI po. dharmasthala (Dharmasthala) pinakoDa--574216, karnATaka Teliphona naM. 21, heggaDejI kA phona naM. 22 dharmasthala hai| cA~dI kA makara-toraNa se yukta eka sundara ratha bhI yahA~ hai| usa para gaNeza Adi kA aMkana
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________________ 192 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) hai| nIce hAthI pradazita haiM aura use khIMcane ke lie ghor3e bane hae hai| ___ annapUrNA-zrI heggaDejI ke nivAsa sthAna ke pAsa unakA (kSetra kA) bahuta bar3A kAryAlaya, bhaNDAragRha aura 'annapUrNA' nAmaka vizAla bhojanAlaya hai| yaha bhojanazAlA hajAroM vyaktiyoM ko bhojana banAne aura khilAne kI eka AzcaryakArI saMsthA hai / yahA~ bhApa se 25 kilo cAvala dasa minaTa meM bana jAtA hai| cAvala kA atirikta pAnI bolTa DhIle karake nikAla diyA jAtA hai| cAvala banAne ke lie tIna phuTa x tIna phuTa vyAsa ke ATha sTenalesa sTIla ke Drama haiN| zAkasabjI aura sAMbhara ke lie pAMca phuTa x pA~ca phuTa vyAsa ke yantra haiM jinameM ye saba cIjeM bhApa se banatI haiN| hAtha-TheloM meM bharakara cAvala parosA jAtA hai / aura bar3I-bar3I TokariyoM meM yantra se nikAlakara ikaTaThA kiyA jAtA hai| kyA koI vizvAsa kara sakatA hai ki zrI heggaDejI kI isa bhojanazAlA meM pratidina lagabhaga dasa hajAra vyakti niHzulka bhojana karate haiM / inameM skUloM ke chAtra bhI hote haiN| AsapAsa ke garIba loga jUna, julAI, agasta aura 15 sitambara taka (yAnI barasAta meM) prAyaH yahA~ Akara pratidina bhojana karate haiN| unake pAsa ina dinoM kAma nahIM hotaa| unake isa prakAra bhojana karane para koI Apatti nahIM krtaa| somavAra ke dina bhojana karanevAloM kI saMkhyA pandraha hajAra aura mele ke samaya cAlIsa haz2Ara taka hotI hai| prasaMgavaza yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki zrI heggaDejI kI ora se prativarSa nirdhana mahilAoM ko sAr3iyA~ bA~TI jAtI haiM / san 1985 I. meM 43 hajAra sAr3iyA~ vitarita kI gaI thiiN| kSetra ne eka tahasIla ko bhI apanA liyA hai aura gA~va ke garIboM kI hara prakAra se madada kI jAtI hai / kSetra kI ora se sAmUhika vivAha kA jo Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai usameM vara-vadhU ko eka dhotI, eka zaoNla, eka sAr3I-blAuja, cA~dI kI cena, sone kA maMgalasUtra, die jAte haiM aura vara pakSa ke dasa tathA vadhU pakSa ke dasa AdamiyoM ko bhojana karAyA jAtA hai| annapUrNA ke pIche eka prAcIna gaNeza-mandira bhI hai| yahA~ ke saMgrahAlaya aura usake pAsa ke udyAna ke nikaTa kI dukAneM pAra karake netrAvatI nAmaka Adhunika dharmazAlA, usake bAda cAra maMz2ila U~cI vaizAlI nAma Adhunika dharmazAlA aura usase Age zarAvatI nAmaka cAra maMz2ilA hoTala hai / aura usI ke pAsa hai 'netyADi bIDu' nAmaka purAtana heggdde-nivaas|| candranAtha svAmI mandira-uparyukta nivAsa se lage hue eka TIle para hai 'zrI candranAtha mndir'| vahA~ jAne ke lie 30 sIr3hiyA~ car3hanI hotI haiN| mandira kA prAMgaNa bar3A hai aura usake AsapAsa lAla balue patthara kI dIvAla hai| yaha prAcIna mandira hai / isakI chata DhaluA aura kavelU (TAilsa) kI haiM / garbhagRha ke Upara choTA-sA kalaza hai| mandira kI muMDera se do abhayahasta laTakate dikhAI dete haiM / sabase Upara kIrtimukha hai| mukhyamaNDapa cha: stambhoM para AdhArita hai| mandira ke pravezadvAra para U~ likhA huA hai| usakI caukhaTa para pItala jar3A hai| mandira meM eka prakAra se pA~ca prakoSTha haiM / garbhagRha aura usake sAmane ke cAroM prakoSThoM meM pratimAe~ haiM / bIsa-bAisa phuTa caur3e isa prAcIna choTe-se mandira kI caubIsI ke mUlanAyaka dharmanAtha haiM / garbhagRha sahita pA~coM prakoSThoM meM sundara pratimAe~ haiN| prathama koSTha meM hI caubIsI hai| garbhagRha meM mUlanAyaka candraprabha kI
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________________ dharmasthala | 193 manojJa pratimA hai| usakA bhAmaNDala kiraNoM ke rUpa meM hai / garbhagRha ke andara jAnA manA hai| basadi meM praveza ke dAIM ora bAhara ke pradakSiNApatha meM 'zrI mAtA padmAvatIjI' likhA hai / unakA mandira mukhamaNDapa sahita hai aura alaga hai| candranAtha svAmI mandira ke sAmane sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM ke lie sunirmita eka bhavana hai| dharmasthala kI mahattA isake bAre meM svAmI paramahaMsa zeSAcArya ne 'zrI dharmasthala kSetra paricaya' (aMgrez2I) nAmaka apanI pustaka meM likhA hai ki Izvara meM vizvAsa karane vAle aura anya dharmoM kA bhI Adara karane vAle sabhI dharmoM ke loga yahA~ Ate haiN| ve likhate haiM "Dharmasthala is a holy Kshetra that attracts Jains, Hindus, Christians and Muslims too who come there for amelioration of their ailments in some form or other. It goes to the credit of the institution unlike others that it serves devotees without any distinction of class or creed. It is also unique in settling civil disputes between the people. The Heggade of Dharmasthala settles such disputes more than any court established for dispensation of civil justice. A devotee visiting Dharmasthala must be a believer in supernatural powers. He must respect the Gods and Goddesses of Jains and Hindus, the Dharma Devas, and also the Heggade of Dharmasthala whose family established and built the institution of Dharmasthala with all its reputation." (arthAt dharmasthala eka aisA pavitra kSetra hai jo jaina, hindU, IsAI yahA~ taka ki musalamAnoM kA bhI zraddhAsthala bana gayA hai| yahA~ sabhI apanI daihika evaM mAnasika vyAdhiyoM kA upacAra prApta karane Ate haiN| isa kSetra kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yahA~ jAti yA dharma kA koI bhedabhAva nahIM hai| eka vilakSaNatA yaha bhI hai ki yahA~ pArasparika kalaha tathA dIvAnI evaM phaujadArI jhagar3oM kA nyAyasammata nibaTArA hotA hai| yahA~ ke dharmAdhikArI isa prakAra se nyAya aura samAdhAna karate haiM ki vaisA koI anya kyA karegA ! yahA~ Ane vAlA yAtrI sahaja hI eka adRzya zakti kI sattA meM vizvAsa karane lagatA hai / vaha yahA~ ke jaina aura hindU devI-devatAoM ko mAnatA hai, sAtha hI, dharmasthala ke haigar3e-parivAra ko jisane ki isa kSetra kI sthApanA, isakI samRddhi aura isakI kIrti ke vistAra meM prabhUta yogadAna diyA hai|) jainadharma ekAMgI dharma nahIM hai, vaha anekAMtavAdI hai| haThadharmitA se kosoM dUra, dharma ke kAraNa nRzaMsatAoM ke kalaMka se rahita yaha dharma sadA hI samadarzI, sahiSNu aura sarvodayI rahA hai / usake AcAryoM kI racanAoM meM evaM bhaktipATha meM bhI yahI bhAvanA nityaprati lakSita hotI hai| kucha udAharaNa haiM __ 1. jinasenAcArya dvitIya ne RSabhadeva ko apane sahasranAmastotra meM 'ziva' kahA hai| ukti hai-"yugAdipuruSo brahmA paMcabrahmamayaH shivH|" eka anya grantha meM ziva kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batAyA hai : "zivaM paraM kalyANaM nirvANaM jJAnamakSayam, prAptaM muktipadaM yena sa zivaH prikiirtitH|" arthAt parama kalyANarUpI sukha (nirvANa) aura akSaya jJAna (kevalajJAna) prApta kara jisane muktipada pA liyA hai, vaha ziva hai|
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________________ 194 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) 2. mAnatuMgAcArya 'bhaktAmarastotra' meM kahate haiM "buddhistvameva vibudhAcita-buddhibodhAttvaM zaMkaro'si bhuvanatraya-zaMkaratvAt / dhAtAsi dhIra zivamArga-vidhaividhAnAt vyaktaM tvameva bhagavan puruSottamo'si / " (he bhagavan Apa hI buddha ho kyoMki ApakI buddhi gaNadhara Adi vidvAnoM dvArA pUjya hai| Apa hI zaMkara haiM kyoMki Apa apanI pravRti tathA upadeza se tInoM lokoM meM sukha kI (zAMti kI) sRSTi karate haiN| Apa vidhAtA haiM kyoMki Apane muktimArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| Apa sabase uttama hone ke kAraNa puruSottama haiN|) 3. 'merI bhAvanA' meM pratyeka bhavya kahatA hai "buddha, vIra, jina, hari, hara, brahmA yA usako svAdhIna kho| bhakti bhAva se prerita ho yaha citta usI meM lIna rho||" 4. 'samaNasutta' meM eka AcArya kI yaha bhAvanA dekhie "sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA, garahatAM paraM vayaM / jo u tattha viussaMti saMsAraM te viussiyA // " _ (jo puruSa kevala apane mata kI prazaMsA karate haiM tathA dUsaroM ke vacanoM kI niMdA karate haiM aura isa taraha apanA pANDitya pradarzana karate haiM ve saMsAra meM majabUtI se jakar3e hue haiM-dRr3ha rUpa se Abaddha haiN|) todharmasthala jainadharma ke anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa, sarvadharmasamavanya, sahanazIlatA, sarvodaya aura samadarzitA kI yugAnuyuga meM kharI utarI udAtta bhAvanAoM kA Adhunika jIvanta pratinidhi kSetra hai| yahA~ se belUra kI ora prasthAna karanA caahie| maMgalora jile ke anya jaina sthala bappanADa (Bappanad) yahA~ koTa kori (Kota Kori) nAmaka basadi hai jisake sAmane eka mAnastambha bhI hai| mandira kA saMrakSaNa kArya huA hai| kArakura (Karkur) yahA~ kaThAle nAmaka sthAna para DhaluA chata kA eka bar3A jaina mandira hai|
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________________ maMgalora jile ke anya jaina sthala / 195 guruvAyanakere ( Guruvayankere) Sara ra aura dharmasthala ke rAste meM isa sthAna para tIna jaina mandira haiM1. zAntIzvara jaina basadi, 2. candranAtha basadi aura 3. anantanAtha basadi / zAntIzvara jaina mandira mUDabidrI ke mandiroM jaisA hI DhaluA chata kA mandira hai ( citra kra. 84 ) | usake sAmane eka mAnastambha hai / isakA alaMkaraNa manohArI hai / yahA~ yakSa-yakSI sahita evaM makara-toraNa se alaMkRta zAntinAtha kI bhavya pratimA hai / uparyukta sthAna kI candranAtha svAmI basadi eka sundara mandira hai / usake mUlanAyaka khaDgAsana candranAtha, yakSa-yakSI sahita haiM tathA makara-toraNa se alaMkRta haiM / isa mandira meM dhAtu kI eka hI penala meM, eka hI caukI para eka hI paMkti meM sundara caubIsI hai / anantanAtha basadi meM mUlanAyaka anantanAtha kI dhAtunirmita pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| (citra kra. 85 ) tathA yakSa-yakSI sahita evaM makara-toraNa se sajjita hai / mandira ke sAmane cAra stambhoM (bIca ke stambhoM ko nahIM ginate hue) para AdhArita brahmadeva maNDapa ( citra kra. 86 ) bhI hai| baMTavala (Bantwal), samase ( Samse), paDubidrI ( Padubidri) aura sulakerI ( Sulkeri ) nAmaka sthAnoM meM bhI jaina mandira haiM / barakura (Barkur) uDI tAluka ke isa sthAna para nauvIM sadI kI eka dhvasta jaina basadi hai / usakI chata, maNDapa Adi saba bhagnAvasthA meM haiN| usake sopAna - ja~gale para nadI - devI kA sundara aMkana hai| nartakadala, kIcaka Adi alaMkaraNa bikhare par3e haiN| bomarabeTTa (Bommerbett ) uparyukta tAluka meM hI sthita jaina basadi bilakula khaNDahara ho gaI hai| usake navaraMga meM alaMkRta stambha abhI bhI dekhe jA sakate haiM / yaha basadi bhI sambhavataH nauvIM sadI kI hai / kella puTTige (Kella Puttige) yaha sthAna kArakala tAluka meM hai / yahA~ kI anantanAtha basadi bhI prAcIna hai / dvAra para kannar3a meM nAma likhA hai / dvAra ke donoM ora eka-eka devI citrita hai / unase Upara padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara kA aMkana hai / chata DhaluA hai, zikhara nahIM hai| yahA~ 14vIM sadI kI eka bhavya pArzvanAtha pratimA kevala pA~ca iMca U~cI hai / vaha ardha - padmAsana meM hai aura usa para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai / sarpakuNDalI pIche kI ora spaSTa hai / isa mandira meM kucha viziSTa mUlyavAna pratimAe~ bhI haiM / nallUra (Nallur) kAraka tAluka ke isa sthAna para pArzvanAtha basadi aura anantanAtha basadi nAmaka do jinamandira haiM / pArzvanAtha basadi meM mUlanAyaka pArzva kI mUrti khaDgAsana meM hai / vaha jala ugalate makaroM
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________________ 196 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) tathA sAta phaNoM se maNDita hai| sarpakuNDalI pAdamUla taka pradarzita hai / sAtha hI, yakSa-yakSiNI kA bhI aMkana hai / Upara kI maMz2ila meM bhI pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM dhAtunirmita mohaka pratimA yakSa-yakSiNI sahita hai| prabhAvalI atyanta sundara hai| kUSmANDinI devI kI pratimA prabhAvalI se alaMkRta hai| devI ke hAthoM meM dhvajA, daNDa Adi kA spaSTa aMkana hai| ___anantanAtha basadi meM padmAsana aura kAyotsarga mudrA meM aneka jina-pratimAe~ haiM / mUlanAyaka anantanAtha kI manojJa mUrti hai| usakA bhAmaNDala sUrya-kiraNoM kI-sI chabi liye hue hai| yakSayakSI bhI pradarzita haiM / kevala ca~varoM kA aMkana hai, ca~varadhAriyoM kA nhiiN| ___nallUra kI pArzvanAtha basadi meM gyArahavIM sadI se lekara pandrahavIM sadI taka kI aneka tIrthaMkara evaM yakSa-yakSiNI mUrtiyA~ haiM / yahA~ gyArahavIM sadI kI lagabhaga 18 iMca kI eka 'kAMsya caubIsI' hai jo ki aMkana kI dRSTi se adbhuta hai / usake Asana para eka gAya aura eka zeranI aMkita haiN| ve eka-dUsare ke baccoM ko dUdha pilA rahI haiN| caubIsI meM dAeM-bAe~ pArzva aura supArzva haiN| padmAsana mUlanAyaka ke mastaka se Upara donoM ora tIna-tIna tIrthaMkara haiN| usase Upara eka paMkti meM sAta aura usase Upara kI paMkti meM pA~ca tathA sabase Upara kI paMkti meM tIna tIrthaMkaroM kI saMyojanA hone ke kAraNa caubIsI sundara bana par3I hai| isI sadI kI jvAlAmAlinI ko eka baila para savAra batAyA gayA hai| devI kA kirITa U~cA hai| dasavIM sadI kI neminAtha kI yakSiNI mUrti meM ambikA kA eka putra goda meM hai, dUsarA pAsa khar3A hai kintu devI ke sAtha sAmAnyataH aMkita Amraguccha nahIM hai| isI devI kI eka anya pratimA meM devI ke cAra hAtha sAmAnya vastuoM ke sAtha batAe gae haiN| usake paira ke nIce usakA vAhana siMha hai| terahavIM sadI kI nau iMcI jvAlAmAlinI kI pAdukA dhyAna dene yogya hai| caudahavIM sadI kI sAta iMcI, padmAvatI lalitAsana meM hai aura Asana para kukkuTa sarpa cihna se yukta hai| isI sadI ke, mahAvIra svAmI ke yakSa sarvAhna U~ce Asana para khar3e haiN| unake mastaka para dharmacakra hai| mUrti sAta iMca kI hI hai| terahavIM sadI ke brahmayakSa ghor3e para savAra pradarzita haiN| uparyukta basadi meM pArzvanAtha kI bArahavIM, terahavIM aura pandrahavIM sadI kI sundara mUrtiyA~ haiN| bArahavIM sadI kI pratimA sAta phaNoM se yukta hai| usa para jala ugalate makaroM kA aMkana manohArI hai| terahavIM sadI kI nau iMcI pArzva-pratimA para nau phaNoM ko chAyA hai| sarpakuNDalI pIche pradarzita hai| pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI isI AkAra kI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA meM eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki usa para chAyA kara rahe sAta phaNoM ke nIce eka pUrNa vikasita kamala kA aMkana hai / caudahavIM sadI kI do caubIsiyA~ bhI yahA~ haiN| nallUra meM pandrahavIM sadI kA eka 'brahma jinAlaya' bhI hai| nellikaru (Nellikaru) ____kArakala tAluka ke antargata isa sthAna meM pArzvanAtha basadi nAmaka eka jinAlaya hai / isameM gyArahavIM se pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka kI sundara pratimAe~ haiM (dekheM citra kra. 87) / mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha kI cAra phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga pratimA sAta phaNoM aura chatratrayI se yukta tathA makaratoraNa evaM mastaka ke donoM ora ca~vara se susajjita hai| dharaNeMdra aura padmAvatI ghuTanoM taka baiThe
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________________ maMgalora jile ke anya jaina sthala | 197 dikhAe gae haiM / saMgamaramara kI Der3ha phuTa U~cI terahavIM sadI kI mUrti ardha padmAsana meM hai| caudahavIM zatI kI mahAvIra svAmI kI kAMsya pratimA kA alaMkaraNa manohara hai| sTUla jaise Asana para virAjamAna yaha mUrti eka bAharI aura eka bhItarI cApa tathA makara-toraNa evaM kIrtimukha se vibhUSita hai / cApa ke donoM siroM para eka-eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara bhI utkIrNa haiM / yakSa-yakSI Asana taka khar3e pradarzita haiN| yahA~ pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI lagabhaga Der3ha phuTa U~cI eka caturdazikA yA 14 tIrthaMkara pratimA hai| usake mUlanAyaka caudahaveM tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM chatratrayI, mastaka ke donoM ora cavara tathA kIrtimukha se vibhUSita haiN| makara-toraNa saMyojita cApa kA alaMkaraNa atyanta AkarSaka hai / prazna uThatA hai ki caturdazikA kisa prayojana se banAI gaI hogii| samAdhAna do haiN| yA to usameM anantanAtha sahita caudaha tIrthaMkara pradarzita haiM yA phira yahA~ bharata kSetra ke pA~ca, airAvata kSetra ke pA~ca aura jambUdvIpa ke videha kSetra meM vidyamAna cAra tIrthaMkara yahA~ saMketita haiN| prayojana jo bhI ho, mUrti adbhuta hai| isa prakAra kI pratimAeM bahuta hI kama dekhane ko milatI haiN| mUrti kI bhItarI cApa meM chaha-chaha padmAsana tIrthaMkara haiM aura eka tIrthaMkara mUrti chatratrayI ke Upara padmAsana mudrA meM hai / eka aura caturdazikA bhI yahA~ hai| bArahavIM sadI kI do caubIsI (kAMsya) bhI isa basadi meM haiM jo ki kucha ghisa gaI haiN| staromos (Shravangunda) zravaNa kA artha hai zramaNa (digambara muni) aura guNDa yAnI gola patthara arthAt vaha sthAna jahA~ gola patthara kA (pAnI meM tairane kA) camatkAra prasiddha hai| yaha sthAna dharmasthala se 4 ki. mI. dUra sthita belataMgaDi tAluka meM baMgavADi se tIna ki. mI. kI dUrI para saghana jaMgala meM sthita hai| baMgavADi kA bhI thor3A-sA itihAsa jAna liyA jaae| ___ tulanADu meM bAraha jaina rAjagharAne the| unameM baMga-rAjAoM kA sthAna prathama thaa| unake rAjya kA vistAra maMgalora taka thaa| kintu unakA mUla sthAna aura mukhya nagara baMgavADi thaa| baMgavADi kA artha hai 'baMgoM kA gA~va' / aba ise baMgADi kahate hai| yahA~ baMga rAjAoM kA mahala aba bhI dhvasta avasthA meM hai| unake vaMzaja bhI yahA~ rahate haiN| yahA~ jaina zrAvakoM ke bhI ATha-dasa ghara haiN| ye rAjA anta taka aMgrez2oM se jUjhate rahe, yadyapi anya rAjAoM ne aMgrejoM se sandhi kara lI thii| Adhunika baMgADi sahyAdri kI saundaryapUrNa talahaTI meM basA huA hai / yahA~ tIna jainamandira hai| unameM se bar3e mandira ke mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha haiM / yahA~ janavarI mAha meM prativarSa rathotsava hotA hai jisameM AsapAsa ke jaina-jainetara kAphI saMkhyA meM bhAga lete haiN| isI rathotsava ke samaya eka dina zravaNaguNDa meM bho 'guNDu darzana' nAmaka utsava bhI hotA hai| usa dina eka gola patthara pAnI meM tairatA hai| vaise AzcaryakArI yaha ghaTanA avizvasanIya lagatI hai kintu isakI satyatA se sambandhita jo vivaraNa evaM anuzruti yahA~ pracalita hai, vaha isa prakAra hai prAcInakAla kI bAta hai / yahA~ aneka zramaNa (jaina muni) tapasyA karate the| unakI tapasyA se prabhAvita hokara zAsana-devatAoM ne unase pUchA ki unake lie ve kyA kreN| vItarAgI muniyoM dvArA kucha bhI nahIM mAMge jAne para, jainadharma ke camatkAroM meM zraddhA bar3hAne kI dRSTi se
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________________ 198 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) brahmayakSa dvArA isa gola patthara ke tairane kA camatkAra nirmita kiyA gyaa| baMgavADi se zravaNaguNDa taka kA patha kaMTakAkIrNa hai| per3a-paudhoM kI bharamAra hone ke kAraNa akele vyakti kA vahA~ jAnA nirApada nahIM hai| vahA~ Thaharane yA rahane kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM hai| AyatAkAra eka prAMgaNa ke madhya meM brahmadeva kA eka caukora devAlaya hI hai| prAkAra se bAhara eka tAlAba hai| yahIM eka dvAra se, jisake dAeM-bAe~ U~ce bila haiM, brahmadeva ke mandira meM pahu~cate haiN| isa mandira ke pAsa eka kuA hai jo hamezA sUkhA rahatA hai| guNDudarzana ke dina tAlAba se pAnI lAkara isameM bharA jAtA hai| usI ke pAsa patthara ke sAmane sthita 'gopurAsana' meM brahmadeva ke vizeSa pujArI (jinheM kannaDa meM 'pAtri' kahA jAtA hai) ke baiThane kA patthara kA Asana hai / pujArI pahale brahmadeva kI pUjA karatA hai aura usake bAda unakI AratI karatA hai / isa AratI ke samaya jArI ke zarIra meM brahmadeva kA praveza hotA hai| usa samaya pUjArI AratI dUsare ko dekara patthara ke Asana para AsIna hotA hai / saMsthA se sambandhita pramukha vyaktiyoM se ise yaha abhayavacana hotA hai ki vaha dharma kI mahimA kregaa| phira, eka anya pujArI cA~dI ke bartana meM rakhe patthara ko eka bar3I thAlI meM rakhakara 'pAtri' ke pAsa lAtA hai| pAtri usa patthara ko sparza karatA hai aura bAda meM vaha patthara pAnI se bhare kue meM DAla diyA jAtA hai / vaha gola patthara pAnI meM DubakI lagAkara Upara AtA hai aura isa prakAra pAnI meM tairane lagatA hai jaise chAcha meM makkhana / lagabhaga do minaTa tairane ke bAda vaha punaH pAnI meM calA jAtA hai| eka-eka kara bhakta usakA zraddhApUrvaka darzana karate haiN| prAyaH do minaTa pahale hI gola patthara ko bar3I thAlI se nikAla lete haiN| isa vismayakArI patthara ko kisI ne curA liyA thaa| taba se 1913 I. taka yaha darzana baMda rahA / san 1914 I. meM dharmasthala ke zrI candrayya heggaDe baMgavADi ke rathotsava meM aae| taba heggaDejI ne pAtri se kahA, "gola patthara kA apaharaNa hone ke bAda usakA darzana nahIM huaa| isase nAnA prakAra kI bAteM uTha jAtI haiN| isalie jainadharma evaM brahmadeva kI mahimA kA pradarzana honA caahie| hameM brahmadeva se isa prakAra kA abhayavacana milanA caahie|" isa para pAtri ne uttara diyA, "maMjunAtha ! (heggaDejI kA sambodhana) tuma jaisA cAhate ho vaisA hI pradarzana hogaa| mArI mahimA aba bhI hai| Daro mata. abhI patthara lAkara apanI mahimA dikhAte haiN|" yaha kahakara pAtri ne heggaDejI kA hAtha pakar3A aura ve donoM jaMgala meM kA~ToM kI rAha praveza kara ge| ve netrAvatI nadI ke kinAre phuNce| usake donoM ora saghana U~ce-U~ce vRkSa the aura nadI bhI gaharI thii| kucha vyakti bhI unake pIche-pIche gae the| vahA~ pahu~cakara pAtri (brahmadeva) ne heggaDejI se pUchA, "kyA patthara Avazyaka hai ? hamArI mahimA kA prakAzana Avazyaka hai na?" yaha kahakara pAtri ne usa athAha pAnI meM DubakI lgaaii| kintu magara-macchavAle usa jala meM jaba vaha pA~ca minaTa taka bAhara nahIM Ae to sabhI cintita hue| kintu bhaya aura AzaMkA ke bIca pAtri pA~ca minaTa se kucha dera bAda bAhara Ae aura unhoMne heggaDejI se pUchA, "kyA isa patthara se kAma cala jAegA? jaba heggaDejI ne 'hA~' kahA, taba usa patthara ko thAlI meM rakhakara brahmadeva kI pUjA kI gii| usake bAda jaba patthara ko pAnI-bhare kue~ meM DAlA gayA to vaha pAnI meM tairane lgaa| ise saikar3oM logoM ne apanI A~khoM se dekhA thA / guNDudarzana kA yaha silasilA aneka varSoM taka calatA rhaa| suprasiddha kannaDa sAhityakAra zrI zivarAma kAraMta bhI ise dekhakara Azcaryacakita hue the| Age
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________________ belUra | 199 calakara kucha bheMTa lekara yaha guNDudarzana kAphI samaya taka calatA rhaa| kannaDa ke prasiddha prAcIna grantha 'jainAcAra' meM bhI isa camatkAra kA ullekha hai| tulavadeza-yAtrA sambandhI usakI 26 vIM sandhi meM jo ullekha hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : "baMgavADi ke caityAlaya meM maMgalaratnatraya mandira meM zAnti-sukha-pradAtA zrI zAntinAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti virAjamAna hai| usakI zobhA avarNanIya hai| isI mandira meM padmaprabha, supArzva aura candraprabha bhagavAna kI bhI zreSTha va manojJa mUrtiyA~ haiN| baMgavADi ke pAsa hI araNya meM zravaNaguNDa nAmaka sthAna hai, jahA~ yakSa brahmadeva kI mUrti hai| usI ke pAsa kue~ meM gola patthara tairatA najara AtA hai| ise saba logoM ne A~khoM se pratyakSa dekhA hai| samasta jagat meM yaha eka adbhuta ghaTanA hai|" kahA jAtA hai ki kAla doSa ke kAraNa yA phira brahmadeva kI aprasannatA ke kAraNa kucha varSoM se yaha patthara nahIM tairatA; hAlAMki tairane vAlA patthara aba bhI vahA~ para cA~dI ke kaTore meM surakSita hai| belUra avasthiti evaM mArga belUra (Bellur) dharmasthala se lagabhaga 135 ki. mI. dUra hai| rAstA isa prakAra hai- dharmasthalaujire (nikaTa se mor3a ke maMgalora-cikkamaMgalUra mukhyamArga)- cAramADi ghATa-mUDigeregonibiDu-belUra / isa mArga se isa tarapha kI pramukha upaja kaoNphI kA bahuta yAtAyAta hotA hai| isa kAraNa isa mArga ko 'kaoNphI mArga' bhI kahA jAtA hai| vaise yaha maMgalora-cikkamaMgalUra mArga kahalAtA hai / mUDigere se eka mArga cikkamaMgalUra calA jAtA hai aura dUsarA belUra / rAste meM cAramADi nAmaka ghATa-mArga par3atA hai| basa bahuta U~cI car3hatI hai| kahIM-kahIM khar3I car3hAI hai / rAste meM 99 eca. pI. beMDa (khataranAka, sambhalakara calane yogya) mor3a Ate haiN| kintu hariyAlI aura pahAr3I dRzya atyanta suhAvane lagate haiN| isa mArga se bar3I baseM jA sakatI haiN| jisa prakAra Agumbe gA~va ke kAraNa Agumbe ghATI kahalAtI hai, usI prakAra cAramADi gA~va ke kAraNa yaha ghATa-mArga 'cAramADi ghATa' kahalAtA hai| belUra se hAsana 40 ki. mI. aura vahA~ se baMgalora 185 ki. mI. dUra hai| belUra se zravaNabelagola (hAsana hote hue) lagabhaga 90 ki. mI. dUra hai / yahA~ se halebiDa 17 ki. mI. dUra hai aura vahA~ se hAsana 35 ki. mii.|| nikaTatama relave sTezana hAsana hai jo ki dakSiNa relave mITara geja kA eka jaMkzana hai| bambaI se baMgalora mITara geja lAina para arasIkere (Arsikere) se relagAr3I hAsana (Hassan) hote hue maisUra taka jAtI hai / vaise aba baMgalora se maMgalora taka bhI mITarageja kI sIdhI gAr3I cala gaI haiM kintu abhI bahuta kama gAr3iyA~ isa lAina para haiM aura vaha bhI peseMjara gAr3I hI haiN|
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________________ 200 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) aitihAsika mahattva yAgacI nadI ke kinAre hAsana jile meM sthita hai| isa sthAna ke prAcIna nAma velApurI, belUra aura belApura milate haiN| jainetara loga ise 'dakSiNa vArANasI' bhI kahate haiN| bArahavIM sadI meM yaha sthAna eka prasiddha rAjadhAnI thaa| itihAsa aura anuzruti tathA zilAlekhoM Adi meM bahucacita hoyasalanareza biTTiga (apara nAma viSNuvardhana) yahA~ zAsana karatA thaa| usakA zAsana yahA~ ke karnATaka ke rAjanItika tathA dhArmika itihAsa meM bar3A mahattva rakhatA hai| usane 1135 I. meM yahA~ se rAjadhAnI haTAkara dorasamudra (Adhunika halebiDa) meM sthApita kI thii| hoyasala rAjavaMza kI sthApanA meM jainAcArya kA hAtha rahA hai / isakI tathA viSNuvardhana ko dharma sambandhI carcA haleviDa ke prasaMga meM kI jaaegii| belUra koI prasiddha jaina kendra nahIM hai aura na hI yahA~ ullekhanIya jaina mandira haiM / darzanIya jainamandira halebiDa meM haiN| yaha sthAna dharmasthala se halebiDa ke mArga meM par3atA hai| yahA~ ke 'cannakezava mandira' (viSNu ko samarpita) kA alaMkaraNa (sundara nakkAzI) aura mUrtikalA itanI AkarSaka aura unnata hai ki yaha mandira avazya dekhanA caahie| 'canna' kA artha hai 'sundr'| yadyapi yaha vizeSaNa kezava ke sAtha lagA hai kintu ise mandira ke sAtha bhI prayukta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'cannakezava mandira' kA sambandha jainadharma yA usake prabhAva se bhI hai jisakA ullekha mandira kI viziSTa kalA kA saMkSipta paricaya dene ke bAda kiyA jaaegaa| uparyukta mandira yahA~ ke basa sTaiNDa se lagabhaga eka kilomITara kI dUrI para hai| basa sTaiNDa ke pAsa hI TUrisTa baMgalA bhI hai| jaina yAtriyoM ko parAmarza diyA jAtA hai ki ve halebiDa (17 ki. mI.) ke TUrisTa baMgaloM meM ThahareM / vahA~ ke atyanta AkarSaka 'hoyasalezvara mandira' (isake sundara udyAnayukta ahAte meM loga pikanika karate haiM) aura tIna jainamandira dekhane meM ATha-nau ghaNTe kA samaya caahie| jaina mandira subaha hI acchI taraha dekhe jA sakate haiN| 'cannakezava mandira' U~cI dIvAla vAle vizAla ahAte (380x425 phuTa) meM sthita hai| usake do U~ce gopura (pravezadvAra) haiM / mandira kI lambAI pUrvI dvAra se garbhagRha ke pIche taka 115 phuTa hai| vaha U~cI caukI para banA hai aura usake AsapAsa kA cabUtarA dasa-pandraha phuTa caur3A hai| Amataura se mandira caukora yA gola banate haiM kintu cannakezava mandira eka tAre (star) kI AkRti kA hai| isa kAraNa usakI dIvAloM meM jo koNa bane haiM, unase isameM zilpiyoM ne apanI chainI se aisI kRtiyA~ nirmita kI haiM jo sadA yAda rahatI haiN| mandira kA nirmANa samIpa hI milane vAle narama selakhar3I patthara (kucha harA-sA) se kiyA gayA hai jisake kAraNa bArIka nakkAzI sambhava ho sakI hai| kucha loga ise grenAiTa batAte haiM jo ki galata hai| mandira kI vizeSatA use dekhakara hI jAnI jA sakatI hai / yahA~ usakA kucha paricaya diyA jAtA hai| isa prasiddha mandira kA zilpI jakaNAcArI thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki cannakezava mandira kisI samaya 'vIra-nArAyaNa mandira' kahalAtA
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________________ belUra | 201 thaa| hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana ne use 1117 I. meM talakADa ke raNakSetra meM cola sAmanta para apanI vijaya ke upalakSya meM banavAyA thA (usakA rAjyAbhiSeka 1114 I. meM huA thaa)| vaise isI mandira ke ahAte meM vIranArAyaNa nAmaka eka mandira aura bhI hai| uparyukta mandira ko eka prakAra se mUrtiyoM kA saMgrahAlaya kahA jAtA hai| yaha bAta mandira ke andara aura bAhara kI mUrtiyoM ko dekhane se ekadama spaSTa ho jAtI hai / mandira ke mukhya devatA viSNu (kezava) haiM / unakI bAraha phuTa U~cI pratimA bhavya hai| usakI prabhAvalI meM viSNu ke dasa avatAra pradarzita haiN| anya devI-devatAoM kI bhI bar3I-bar3I mUrtiyA~ haiM / mandira ke navaraMga (haoNla) meM kula 46 stambha haiM jinapara bhI aneka deva-mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| eka stambha 'narasiMha stambha' kahalAtA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki yaha stambha icchAnusAra ghumAyA jA sakatA hai| stambhoM kI nakkAzI sundara hai aura alaga-alaga stambhoM para vibhinna prakAra kI hai| aisA lagatA hai ki nakkAzI meM ye stambha eka-dUsare se hor3a kara rahe hoM / eka stambha para aSTa dikpAla bhI pradarzita haiN| yahA~ pItala kA bhI eka zeSanAga hai| garbhagRha meM kucha mUrtiyoM ke pAsa a~dherA-sA hai| mandira sarcalAiTa meM bhI dikhAyA jAtA hai / isakI chata para bhI kamala evaM apsarAoM Adi kI AkarSaka nakkAzI hai| mandira meM havA aura prakAza ke lie pattharoM kI sundara jAliyA~ haiM jinakI saMkhyA 28 hai| ye bhI sAmAnyataH tAroM kI AkRti meM haiN| una para phla-pattI tathA paurANika devoM Adi kI kathAe~ citrita haiN| ye bIca-bIca meM saMyojita kI gaI haiN| isa mandira meM paurANika devI-devatAoM yA vividha paurANika dRzyoM kI bharamAra hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bhAgavatapurANa, yakSa, bhIma dvArA gaNapati kI pUjA, kRSNa ke caraNoM meM arjuna, viSNu ko dAna dete hue bali, prahlAda kI kathA Adi aneka paurANika prasaMgoM kA saghana aMkana isa mandira kI eka pramukha vizeSatA hai| zAyada isI kAraNa yaha vaidika devI-devatAoM kA eka saMgrahAlaya hI bana gayA hai| mandira ke bAhara gajathara (lagabhaga 650 hAthI jinakI nirmANa-kalA alaga-alaga prakAra kI hai), haMsathara (haMsoM kI prI paMkti), makara kI pUrI paMkti; sainikoM, azvoM Adi kI paMktiyA~ (mandira ke cAroM ora) jinameM unakA aMkana bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hai, isa mandira ko bhavyatA pradAna karatI haiN| unake bIca-bIca meM phla-pattiyoM kI bArDara bhI haiN| nartakoM, vAdakoM aura saMgItamaNDaliyoM kA utkIrNana isameM aura bhI sundaratA lA detA hai| nArI ke vibhinna AkarSaka rUpa, jinameM se kucha kA AdhyAtmika AkhyAnoM meM yA pratIka rUpa meM mahattva batAyA jAtA hai, yahA~ bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se citrita haiN| ye madanikAe~, apsarAe~ yA sundariyA~ apanI sundara bhAvavyaMjanA ke kAraNa darzakoM ko Azcarya meM DAla detI haiN| ___ batAyA jAtA hai ki isa mandira ke hAthI-daravAje ke pAsa jo aMkana hai vaha hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana aura usakI paTTarAnI zAntalA kA hai| mandira dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki kalAkAra ne eka-eka iMca para apanI chainI calAI hai| isakA DijAina banAnevAlA zilpI sacamuca bar3I hI pratibhA kA dhanI rahA hogaa| mandira dhyAna se, aura yadi sambhava ho to gAiDa kI sahAyatA se, dekhanA cAhie / mandira dekhane ke lie logoM kA tAMtA lagA rahatA hai| .
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________________ 202 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) mandira ke parisara meM chaha mandira aura haiM jinameM pramukha haiM-kappe cannigarAya, vIranArAyaNa, aNDala aura alavAsa / sIr3hiyoMdAra eka choTI bAvar3I aura aneka zilAlekha bhI yahA~ haiM / jaina cihna gopura se dAhinI ora eka lambA barAmadA hai| usameM lagabhaga bIcoMbIca eka vIragala (vIrasmAraka) hai| yaha lagabhaga cAra phuTa UMcA pASANa hai| usameM sabase Upara chatra se yukta padmAsana tIrthaMkara, ca~varadhArI aura sUrya tathA candramA utkIrNa haiN| unake nIce kannar3a meM jo lekha hai vaha bahuta kucha ghisa gayA hai / yaha pASANa dIvAla meM jar3A hai| ___ karnATaka sarakAra dvArA prakAzita hAsana jile ke gajeTiyara meM yahA~ ke eka zilAlekha kA ullekha hai| usameM kahA gayA hai : "zaiva jise 'ziva' kahate haiM, vedAntI 'brahma' kahate haiM, bauddha 'buddha' kahate haiM, mImAMsaka 'karma' kahate haiM aura jaina jise 'arhan' kahate haiM, ye saba eka hI Izvara kezava ke nAma haiN|" yadi yaha viSNuvardhana kA likhavAyA lekha hai to yaha, yaha bhI siddha karatA hai ki jaina rAjA viSNuvardhana samadarzI thA, sabhI dharmoM kA Adara karatA thA aura usake nAma se jainoM para usake jo atyAcAra batAe jAte haiM ve satya nahIM haiN| belUra ke bAda halebiDa (17 ki. mI.) ke lie prasthAna karanA caahie| halebiDa mArga halebiDa (Halebidu) sar3aka-mArga dvArA belUra se 17 ki. mI. dUra hai| vahA~ se sarakArI basoM ke atirikta meTADora bhI milatI haiM / hAsana se yaha sthAna 40 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai aura zravaNabelagola se lagabhaga 92 ki. mI. tathA baMgalora se 216 ki. mii.| maisara se yaha sthAna 160 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita hai| nikaTatama relave sTezana hAsana hai jahA~ maisUra aura baMgalora se mITara geja kI gAr3iyA~ AtI haiN| bambaI se Ane vAle yAtrI arasIkere sTezana para utarakara hAsana hote hue yahA~ A sakate haiN| eka sAvadhAnI-karnATaka sarakAra kA paryaTana vibhAga maisUra tathA baMgalora se paryaTaka baseM calAtA hai| prAiveTa baseM bhI calatI haiM jo eka hI dina meM zravaNabelagola, belUra aura halebiDa kI yAtrA karA detI haiM / ina basoM se yAtrA karanevAle zravaNabelagola meM kevala bAhubalI kI mUrti dekha pAte haiM aura halebiDa ke jainamandira to bilakula hI nahIM dekha pAte / isalie yadi thor3A samaya aura lagAyA jAe to ThIka rhe| yAtrA kA avasara bAra-bAra to AtA nhiiN|
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________________ halebiDa | 203 eka prAcIna rAjadhAnI halebiDa kA kannaDa bhASA meM artha hai purAnI rAjadhAnI (hale purAnA, biDu =raajdhaanii)| isa sthAna kA prAcIna nAma dorasamudra, dvArasamudra yA dvArAvatIpura hai| jaba yaha rAjadhAnI naSTa ho gaI to isa sthAna kA nAma hI halebiDa yA halebiDu par3a gyaa| ___naSTa hone se pUrva yahA~ hoysala-narezoM kI rAjadhAnI thii| inhIM ke samaya meM sundara mandiramUrti nirmANakalA apane zikhara para pahu~cI aura hoyasala zailI kahalAne lgii| isI nAma se yaha kalA Aja taka prasiddha hai| hoyasala rAjavaMza kI sthApanA meM jainAcArya sudatta vardhamAna ne sakriya sahAyatA kI thI yA usakI sthApanA ke ve hI mUla preraka the| halebiDa gA~va se muzkila se AdhA kilomITara kI dUrI para bastihallI nAmaka eka dUsarA gA~va hai| vahA~ tIna prAcIna jaina mandira haiM jo ki darzanIya haiN| halebiDa Ane vAle hara yAtrI ko inheM dekhanA caahie| inakA varNana Age kiyA jaaegaa| vahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi kI bAharI dIvAla meM eka zilAlekha 1133 I. kA hai| yaha lekha saMskRta aura kannar3a meM hai| usameM hoyasala rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI saMkSipta kahAnI dI gaI hai| hoyasala rAjavaMza zilAlekha ke anusAra, isa vaMza kA saMsthApaka saLa yAdava kula meM utpanna huA thaa| 'samyaktvaratnAkara' saLa sosevUru, (zazakapura) meM eka choTe sAmanta ke rUpa meM rAjya karatA thaa| sosevUru kI pahicAna mUDigere tAluka ke vartamAna aMgaDi nAmaka sthAna (belUra se lagabhaga 24 ki. mI. dUra )se kI gaI hai| isa bAta ke aneka pramANa zilAlekhoM ke rUpa meM mile haiM ki aMgaDi dasavIM zatAbdI ke madhya hI eka prasiddha jaina kendra thaa| zravaNabelagola, mUDigere, kaliyUru Adi aneka sthAnoM ke zilAlekha isa sthAna aura yahA~ para rAjavaMza kI sthApanA saMbaMdhI ghaTanAoM kI jAnakArI dete haiN| usa samaya yahA~ makara jinAlaya aura padmAvatI devI kA vizAla mandira thaa| isake sAtha hI AcArya sudatta vardhamAna kA vidyApITha thaa| saLa aura usake vaMzaja apane Apako 'male parola gaNDa' (pahAr3I sAmantoM meM mukhya) mAnate the| eka bAra AcArya upadeza de rahe the ki eka siMha vana meM se A gayA aura AcArya ke Upara jhpttaa| yaha dekha AcArya ne apanI mayUrapicchi saLa kI ora bar3hAte hue kahA, "poy saLa' (saLa, maaro)| saLa ne usI picchi se siMha ko mAra bhgaayaa| kahA jAtA hai ki jaina dharma ko sabala rAjyAzraya prApta karAne aura saLa meM eka vIra yA honahAra rAjA ke guNa dekha AcArya sudatta ne maMtroM dvArA devI padmAvatI ko vaza meM kiyA aura use hI eka siMha ke rUpa meM prakaTa kiyA thaa| zilAlekha kA yaha kathana ki AcArya vrata aura maMtroM kI sAdhanA padmAvatI ke lie kara rahe the, usa samaya ko yakSI ko sAdhanA kI jAne kI bhI sUcanA detA hai| jo bhI ho, AcArya saLa kI vIratA se prasanna hue aura inhoMne use eka nae rAjavaMza kI sthApanA ke lie AzIrvAda diyaa| tabhI se yaha vaMza poyasala yA hoyasala kahalAne lagA aura usakA rAjyacihna bhI siMha nirdhArita huaa| yaha jAnakArI 1006 I. ke kaliyUru ke hoysala zilAlekha se prApta hotI hai| Aja aMgaDi eka gA~va mAtra hai kintu hoysala-narezoM kI
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________________ 204 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kuladevI vAsaMtikA kA mandira aba bhI hai| yakSI padmAvatI kI kRpA se usa samaya vasaMta Rtu ho gaI thI aura saLa ne 'vAsantikA' devI ke nAma se hI usakA pUjana kiyA thaa| mahArAja saLa ne apanI vIratA aura yogyatA se cola aura koMgAlva rAjAoM ke kucha pradeza chInakara apane rAjavaMza kI nIMva ddaalii| usake putra vinayAditya prathama (1022-47 I.) aura pautra nRpakAma (1047-1060 I.) ne bhI apanI zakti aura rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| AcArya sudatta unakA mArgadarzana karate rhe| vinayAditya dvitIya isa vaMza kA cauthA zAsaka thaa| usane 1060-1101 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| vaha bar3A udAra, parAkramI, dAnI aura dharmAtmA rAjA thaa| zravaNabelagola ke eka zilAlekha se spaSTa hai ki apane guru jainAcArya zAntideva ke upadeza se usane aneka jina-mandiroM, sarovaroM, grAmoM, nagaroM Adi kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| aMgaDi meM hI AcArya zAntideva ne 1062 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| isa rAjA ne mattAvara nagara meM eka nahara bhI bnvaaii| usake pUrNa hone para jaba vaha 1069 I. meM usakA nirIkSaNa karane gayA to vaha pahAr3I para jinendra bhagavAna ke darzana ke lie bho gyaa| vahA~ ke seTTiyoM se nagara meM jinAlaya ke abhAva kA kAraNa pUchA to unhoMne Athika kaThinAI btaaii| taba rAjA ne svayaM dhana dekara, una logoM se bhI dAna dilAkara vahA~ eka jinamandira kA nirmANa karA diyA aura usa sthAna kA nAma 'RSihalli' rakha diyaa| apane jIvana ke antima bhAga meM vaha kucha virakta-sA ho gayA thA aura rAjya kA kAma yuvarAja tribhuvanamalla aireyaga dekhatA thaa| usane bhI jainAcAryoM kA sammAna kiyA thA aura aneka aneka jaina basadiyoM kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| usase ecaladevI dvArA brahmA, viSNu aura ziva kI taraha ballAla, viSNu aura udayAditya nAmaka tIna putra utpanna hue| ereyaMga kI zIghra hI mRtyu ho gaI aura usake jyaSTha putra ballAla prathama ne 1101-1106 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| usake dharmaguru cArukIti paNDitadeva the| eka bAra ballAla eka sainya zivira meM kisI asAdhya roga se pIr3ita ho gayA to cArukIti ne apane auSadhi-prayoga se use svastha kara diyaa| usane caMgAlva nareza ko parAjita kiyA thaa| ballAla ne apanI rAjadhAnI aMgaDi (zazakapura) se haTAkara belUra meM sthApita kI thii| viSNuvardhana viSNuvardhana (1106-1141 I.) ballAla kA choTA bhAI thaa| usakA vAstavika nAma biTTiga yA biTTideva thaa| yahI rAjA itihAsa meM, vizeSakara mandira-mUrti nirmANa-kalA ke itihAsa meM, dhArmika aura rAjanItika itihAsa meM sabase adhika yazasvI, bahucarcita aura vivAdAspada vyaktitva kA zAsaka huA hai| vaha jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usane apane rAjya kA khUba vistAra kiyA aura vahI eka prakAra se hoyasala sAmrAjya kA vAstavika saMsthApaka thaa| usane talakADa koMga, naMgali, gaMgavADi, nolambavADi, mAsavADi, huligere, halasige, banavAsi hAnuMgala para adhikAra kiyaa| aMga, kuMtala, madhyadeza aura kAMcI, vinIta tathA madurA bhI usake adhIna the| san 1135 I. meM usane rAjadhAnI belUra se haTAkara dvArasamudra (Aja ke halebiDa) meM sthApita kii| yaha 1311 I. yA 1326 I. taka hoyasala rAjadhAnI banI rhii| (san 1310 I. meM alAuddIna
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________________ halebiDa | 205 khilajI ne rAjadhAnI ko lUTA aura naSTa kiyaa| tatkAlIna nareza ne usakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lii| usake bAda muhammada tugalaka ne 1326 I. meM AkramaNa kara isa rAjya kA anta hI kara diyaa|) hoyasalanareza biTTiga yA biTTideva yA viSNuvardhana kA jIvana vivAdAspada hai| eka mAnyatA yaha hai ki (1) vaha jaina thA kintu rAmAnuja ke prabhAva se vaiSNava ho gayA thaa| (2) dUsarA mata yaha hai ki vaha jIvana bhara jaina dharma kA hI anuyAyI banA rhaa| vaiSNava dharma meM dIkSita hone ke sambandha meM biTTideva kI sthiti kA parIkSaNa DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne apanI pustaka 'pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~' (jJAnapITha prakAzana) meM tarkasaMgata DhaMga se isa prakAra kiyA hai-"uttarakAlIna vaiSNava kiMvadantiyoM ke AdhAra se Adhunika itihAsa-pustakoM meM yaha likhA pAyA jAtA hai ki vaiSNavAcArya rAmAnuja ne isa rAjA ke samakSa jainoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karake rAjA ko vaiSNava banA liyA thA, pariNAmasvarUpa rAjA ne apanA nAma viSNuvardhana rakha liyA, jainoM para atyAcAra kiye, unake guruoM ko pAnI meM pilavA diyA, zravaNabelagola ke bAhubalI kI mUrti ko tathA aneka jaina mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ko tur3avA diyA, unake sthAna meM vaiSNava mandira banavAye aura vaiSNava dharma ke pracAra ko apanA pradhAna lakSya banavAyA thaa| kintu yaha saba kathana sarvathA mithyA, ayathArtha evaM bhramapUrNa hai| rAmAnujAcArya cola rAjya ke antargata zrIraMgama ke nivAsI viziSTAdvaitI dArzanika the| unhoMne zrIvaiSNava mata ke nAma se madhyakAlIna vaiSNava dharma kA AvirbhAva kiyA, usa mata ke puraskartA evaM samartha pracAraka vaha the, itanA to satya hai| parantu vaha svayaM hI dhArmika atyAcAra ke zikAra the| colanareza adhirAjendra kaTTara zaiva thaa| usake pUrvajoM ke samaya meM to rAmAnuja jaise-taise rahe kintu vaha svayaM ina para atyanta kupita thA aura usI ke atyAcAroM se pIr3ita hokara rAmAnuja apanI janmabhUmi se kisI taraha prANa bacAkara bhAge the| rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI kulottaga cola jainadharma kA poSaka thaa| ataeva usake samaya meM bhI vaha vApasa svadeza na jA sake aura ghUmate-ghUmate antataH karNATaka meM unhoMne isa navodita evaM zaktizAlI nareza biTTideva (viSNuvardhana) kI zaraNa lii| yaha ghaTanA 1116 I. ke lagabhaga kI hai| usa samaya taka rAmAnuja paryApta vRddha ho cuke the| viSNuvardhana vidvAnoM kA Adara karanevAlA, udAra, sahiSNu aura samadarzI nareza thaa| usane ina AcArya ko zaraNa dI, abhaya aura prazraya bhI diyaa| sambhava hai ki usakI rAjasabhA meM katipaya jaina vidvAnoM ke sAtha rAmAnuja ke zAstrArtha bhI hue hoM, inako vidvattA se bhI rAjA prabhAvita huA ho, aura inheM apane rAjya meM svamata kA pracAra karane kI chUTa bhI usane de dI ho| eka-do viSNu mandira bhI rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra meM usa kAla meM bane aura unake nirmANa meM rAjA ne bhI dravya Adi kI sahAyatA dI ho, yaha bhI sambhava hai| yaha saba hote hue bhI hoysalanareza ne na to jainadharma kA parityAga hI kiyA, na usa para se apanA saMrakSaNa aura prazraya hI uThAyA aura na vaiSNava dharma ko hI pUrNatayA aMgIkAra kiyA-use rAjadharma ghoSita karane kA to prazna hI nahIM thaa| rAjA kA mUla kannaDiga nAma biTTiga, biTTideva yA biTivardhana thA jisakA saMskRta rUpa 'viSNuvardhana' thaa| yaha nAma usakA prArambha se hI thA, rAmAnuja ke samparka yA tathAkathita prabhAva meM Ane ke bahuta pahale se thA, anyathA svayaM jaina zilAlekhoM meM usakA ullekha isa nAma se na hotaa|"
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________________ 206 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) aba hama yaha dekheM ki zilAlekhoM aura anya tathyoM ke prakAza meM saccAI kyA hai (1) DaoN. jyotiprasAda kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata jAna par3atA hai ki yadi biTTiga yA viSNuvardhana jainadharma dveSI ho gayA hotA to jaina zilAlekha usake naye nAma 'viSNuvardhana' kA ullekha kadApi nahIM krte| (2) zravaNabelagola kI bAhubalI mUrti Aja bhI jyoM kI tyoM khar3I hai| vaha naSTa nahIM huii| usakA eka hajAravA~ pratiSThApanA mahotsava bhI 1981 I. meM sampanna ho cukA hai| (3) tippUra (kulageTI pradeza) nAmaka gA~va ke uttarapUrva meM pahAr3I para saMskRta tathA kannaDa meM 1117 I. kA jo zilAlekha hai, usameM jina-zAsana kI prazaMsA ke bAda hoyasala rAjAoM ke vaMza kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| bAda meM yaha ullekha hai ki viSNuvardhana ke senApati gaMga ne tippUra ko cola zAsaka se lar3akara chona liyA aura viSNuvardhana ko sauMpa diyaa| rAjA ne vara mA~gane ko kahA to gaMga ne tippUra mA~ga liyA aura mUlasaMgha ke meghacandra siddhAntadeva ko dAna meM de diyaa| isa zilAlekha meM mahAmaNDalezvara dvArAvato-puravarAdhIzvara viSNavardhana ko 'samyaktva-cUDAmaNi' kahA gayA hai| (sandarbha-jainadharma ke samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura smykcaaritr)| (4) cAmarAjanagara meM pArzvanAtha svAmI ke mandira ke eka pASANa para 1117 I. kA hI eka zilAlekha hai| isameM bhI viSNuvardhana ko 'samyaktva-cUr3AmaNi' kahA gayA hai| lekha ke anusAra isa rAjA ke daNDanAthAdhipati puNisa ne arakoTTAra meM apane dvArA banavAI gaI basadiyoM ke lie bhUmi-dAna kiyA thaa| (5) san 1121 I. meM viSNuvardhana ne hAdiravAgilu jaina basadi ke lie dAna diyA thaa| (6) viSNuvardhana ne zalyanagara (cAmarAjapaTTana tAluka) meM eka jainavihAra banavAyA thaa| isakA ullekha zalya se prApta 1125 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM hai| (7) hosahollu (kRSNarAjapeTa tAluka) meM pAzrvanAtha basadi ke dakSiNa kI ora ke eka pASANa para 1125 i. kA eka zilAlekha hai usameM bho vIragaMga hoysaladeva ko 'samyaktva-cUDAmaNi' kahA gayA hai| (8) DaoN. jyotiprasAda ke anusAra, viSNuvardhana ne 1121 I. meM belUra sthita mallinAtha jinAlaya ke lie dAna diyA thaa| (9) viSNuvardhana ko naI rAjadhAno dvArAvatI (dvArasamudra, Ajakala ke halebiDa) meM hI vijaya-pAzvanAtha mandira (halabiDa se AdhA ki. mI. dUra sthita bastihallI gA~va) kI bAhara kI dIvAla meM eka pASANa para 1133 I. kA eka zilAlekha hai jisameM hoyasala narezoM kI vaMzAvalI do gaI hai aura viSNuvardhana kI vijayoM kI zrRMkhalA kA ullekha hai| vahIM usakI aneka upAdhiyoM meM eka upAdhi 'catussamayasamuddharaNa' arthAt caturvidha saMgha (muni, AryikA, zrAvaka, zrAvikA) kA uddhAra karanevAlA aura 'zazakapura-vAsaMtikAdevI-labdha-vara-prasAda' hai / aura kahA gayA hai ki usake 'jinazAsana-rakSAmaNi' daNDanAyaka gaMgarAja ne aneka jaina mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| usa gaMga senApati aura daNDeza boppa ne dorasamudra (bastihallI) meM 'vijaya pArzvadeva' nAmaka jinamandira banavAyA thA jo aba bhI vidyamAna hai / zilAlekha kA kathana hai ki drohagharaTTa (pApanAzaka) isa jinAlaya kI sthApanA ke bAda, pujArI pratiSThA ke avasara kA pavitra
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________________ halebiDa | 207 gandhodaka lekara rAjA viSNuvardhana ke pAsa baMkApura pahu~cA / yaha rAjA apanI senA sahita vahA~ par3Ava DAle hue thA aura usane masaNa nAmaka kadamba rAjA para vijaya pAI thii| ThIka usI samaya use yaha samAcAra bhI milA ki usakI eka rAnI lakSmIdevI ne putra ko janma diyA hai| pArzvanAtha mUrti kI sthApanA, putraprApti aura yuddha meM vijaya ye saba eka sAtha hone se rAjA Anandita huaa| vaha gandhodaka lene ke lie apane siMhAsana se uTha khar3A huA aura use apane mastaka se lagAte hue usane kahA, "bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke hI kAraNa maiMne yuddha meM vijaya prApta kI hai aura mujhe putra kI prApti huii|" isalie usane dvArAvatI ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya kA nAma 'vijaya-pArzvanAtha' aura apane putra kA nAma 'vijaya narasiMhadeva' rkhaa| sAtha hI, uparyukta jinAlaya ke lie jAvagala nAmaka eka gA~va aura anya vividha prakAra ke dAna die| (10) san 1137 I. ke saumyanAtha jinAlaya (belUra) kI chata ke patthara para eka lekha hai jisakA UparI bhAga naSTa ho gayA hai| usameM ullekha hai ki viSNuvardhana ke daNDanAyaka biTTiyaNNa ne dvArasamudra meM 'viSNuvardhana jinAlaya' kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura svayaM rAjA se maysenADa meM bIjebolladara nAmaka gA~va dAna meM prApta kiyA thaa| isameM bhI viSNuvardhana ko 'vAsantikAdevilabdhavaraprasAda' kahA gayA hai| zeSa bace bhAga meM viSNuvardhana kI vijayoM kA ullekha adhika hai| (11) san 1138 I. ke sindagere ke zilAlekha meM bhI use 'samyaktvacUr3AmaNi' batAyA gayA hai| (12) zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI usakI upAdhi samyaktvacUr3AmaNi' hai| yaha lekha viSNuvardhana kI paTTarAnI zAntalA dvArA nirmita 'savatigandhavAraNa basadi' ke dUsare maNDapa ke tIsare stambha para aura jinanAthapuram meM aregala basadi ke pUrva kI ora hai| san 1141 I. meM viSNuvardhana kA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| (13) mUDabidrI meM prAcIna jaina grantha 'SaTkhaMDAgama' kI prasiddha 'dhavalA', 'jayadhavalA' aura mahAdhavalA' nAmaka TIkAe~ tADapatroM para likhI aura kahIM-kahIM raMgIna citroM se susajjita Aja bhI maujUda haiN| unameM viSNuvardhana aura usakI paTTamahiSI zAntalA kA 12vIM sadI kA (unake apane samaya kA hI) citra Aja bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| yadi vaha jainadharma kA dveSI yA vinAzakartA ho gayA thA to usakA citra pavitra evaM prAcIna grantha kI pANDulipi meM kyoM banAyA gayA hotA ? spaSTa hai vaha jaina hI thA aura jaina hI banA rhaa| citra meM rAjA aura rAnI donoM ko bhakti-mudrA meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai (citra kA Upara kA konA phaTa gayA hai)| isa tADapatrIya pANDulipi ke citroM ke bAre meM suprasiddha purAtattvavettA zivarAmati ne 'sAUtha : penoramA oNpha jaina ArTa' meM likhA hai ki ye citra viSNuvardhana ke samaya ke hI haiM aura usakI paTTarAnI zAntalA kI preraNA se banAe gae hoNge| unakA mata hai : kyoMki vahI eka aisI kalA-saMyojikA rAnI thI jo sundara se sundara citra apane samaya ke mUrdhanya kalAkAroM se nirmANa karavAtI thii| mahAna viduSI aura kalA-saMvadhinI ke rUpa meM usakI khyAti se ve sabhI paricita the| (14) belUra ke cannakezava mandira ke prasaMga meM purAtattvavettA phargyusana kA yaha mata uddhRta
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________________ 208 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kiyA jA cukA hai ki belUra ke uparyukta mandira kA vimAna zAyada bAda kI racanA hai| isI mandira ke stambhoM kA vinyAsa jaina mandiroM ke stambhoM ke vinyAsa se bahuta kucha milatA-julatA hai| jo bhI ho, yaha anusaMdhAna kA viSaya hai| yadi yahA~ kA zilAlekha bhI viSNuvardhana kA hai to vaha eka samadarzI rAjA avazya siddha hotA hai, na ki jaina dharma kA kaTTara vaiSNavazatru / belUra ke prasaMga meM yaha ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki isa zilAlekha meM bhI jainoM ke arhana kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| (15) viSNuvardhana kI paTarAnI zAntalA parama jinabhaktA thii| usane zravaNabelagola meM savatigaMdhavAraNa basadi nAmaka eka sundara jaina mandira banavAyA thA jo Aja bhI maujUda hai| ___(16) hoyasalanareza viSNuvardhana kI bar3I putrI hariyabbarasi yA hariyaladevI ne hantiyUra (hantUru) meM eka jaina mandira banavAyA thA aisA hantUru ke eka dhvasta jinAlaya ke 1130 I. ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai| (17) mahArAja viSNavardhana ke ATha daNDanAyaka yA senApati gaMgarAja, boppa, paNisamayya, aicirAja, baladeva, mariyAne, bharata aura biTTiyaNNa parama jinabhakta the| boppa nirmita 'vijayapArzva jinAlaya' Aja bhI halebiDa meM maujUda hai| (18) yaha jaina anuzruti bhI hai ki viSNuvardhana ne jainoM para jo atyAcAra kie unake kAraNa dvArAvatI (halebiDa) kI dharatI phaTa gii| rAjA viSNuvardhana ne zravaNabelagola ke cArukIrtijI ko bulaayaa| unhoMne mantrasAdhanA kI, taba kahIM zAnti sthApita huii| lagatA hai ki yaha bhI koI pracArita kahAnI hai| mUDabidrI kI pANDulipi ke citra aura aneka zilAlekha 'samyaktva-cUDAmaNi' biTiga yA biTTideva yA viSNuvardhana ko eka jainadharma pratipAlaka yA kamase-kama sabhI dharmoM ke prati sahiSNu yA samadarzI siddha karane ke lie paryApta haiN| yadi vaha jainadharma dveSI aura atyAcArI ho gayA hotA to halebiDa meM Aja vijaya-pArzvanAtha kA jo mandira hai vaha sabase pahale khaNDahara ho gayA hotA / yaha prazna bhI uThatA hai ki yadi vaha kaTTara vaiSNava ho gayA to belUra meM atyanta sundara cannakezava (viSNu) mandira ko chor3akara apanI rAjadhAnI, 17 ki. mI. dUra, halebiDa meM kyoM le jAtA / vAstava meM, pramANoM ke AdhAra para isa viSaya para vicAra honA caahie| paTarAnI zAntalA ____ viSNuvardhana kI paTarAnI kA nAma zAntalA thaa| usake pitA mArasiMgayya kaTTara zaiva the aura mAtA mAcikabbe parama jinabhaktA thii| (yaha mAtra anuzruti hI hai ki isa mahArAnI kA pati viSNuvardhana kaTTara vaiSNava thaa|) vaha aniMdya sundarI thI aura nRtya tathA gAyana meM bhI advitIya thii| usakI isI chabi ko pradarzita karanevAle aneka zilpa halebiDa aura belUra meM milate haiN| mahArAnI zAntalA kI viSama dhArmika paristhiti aura usase nipaTane kI usakI kSamatA apUrva thii| usakI kahAnI Aja bhI mana ko chUtI hai / usake jIvana ko AdhAra banAkara kannar3a ke prasiddha lekhaka zrI nAgarAja rAva ne kannaDa meM 'paTTamahAdevI zAntaladevI' nAmaka aitihAsika upanyAsa do bar3e bhAgoM meM likhA hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne usake lekhaka ko 'mUrtidevI puraskAra' se sammAnita kiyA hai aura kannaDa upanyAsa kA hindI anuvAda bhI jJAnapITha ne cAra bhAgoM meM
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________________ 80. maMgalora-zrImantIbAI smAraka saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu-mUrti / 81. maMgalora-zrImantIbAI smAraka saMgrahAlaya : pArzvanAtha kI dhAtumUrti kA pRSThabhAga /
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________________ 82. dharmasthala-bhagavAna bAhubalI ko navasthApita 39 phITa uttuMga mUti /
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________________ CS ek ek (r) ( tre taae er ( raa to | | e ai pte * / 83. dharmasthala-dharmAdhikArI ke nivAsa sthAna ke mandira meM mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara AdinAtha tathA anya mUrtiyA~ /
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________________ 84. guruvAyana ke re - zAntezvara basadi kA dakSiNa-pUrva se bAhya dRzya /
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________________ / 85. guruvAyanake re--anantanAtha basadi : tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kI dhAtumUti /
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________________ 86. guruvAyanakere-zAntezvara basadi ke sAmane paMcakaMbam arthAt pAMca stambhoM vAlA maNDapa / 87. nellikara-pArzvanAtha basadi : kAyotsarga Asana meM eka tIrthaMkara mUrti; caudahavIM shtii|
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________________ 88. hale biDa-zAntalezvara basadi : navaraMga kA eka dRzya /
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________________ 89. hale biDa-hoyasalezvara basadi ke sAmane kA dRzya / 90. halebiDa-hoyasalezvara basadi ke kalApUrNa stambha /
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________________ halebiDa | 209 prakAzita kiyA hai / upanyAsa kA mukhya svara yaha hai ki vaha eka kuzala prazAsikA thI aura parama jaina hote hue bhI pakSapAta rahita yA dharmanirapekSa thii| jo bhI ho, paTarAnI zAntalA kI yazogAthA Aja bhI gUMjatI hai| usI kI preraNA se eka gA~va zAntigrAma basAyA gayA thaa| yaha gA~va baMgalora mArga para hAsana se 12 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| vahA~ Aja bhI zAntinAtha basadi hai| paTarAnI zAntalA ke dharmaguru prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva the| rAnI ne zravaNabelagola meM eka sundara jinamandira kA nirmANa karAkara apane pati kI anumati se eka gA~va aura vibhinna dAna die the / yaha mandira 'savatigandhavAraNa basadi' kahalAtA hai| vAstava meM yaha eka vizeSaNa hai jo usake dvArA nirmita basadi ke pUrva kI ora eka lambe zilAlekha meM utkIrNa hai jisameM zAntalA dvArA yaha basadi banavAne aura usake lie eka tAlAba kA nirmANa karAne tathA eka gA~va apane guru prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva ko dAna karane kA vivaraNa hai| isa lekha meM: use 'udvattasavatigandhavAraNa' arthAt 'ucchRkhala sautoM (savati) ko vaza meM karane ke lie matta hAthI ke samAna kahA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha ki vaha apanI sautoM ko niyantraNa meM rakhatI thii| usake isa vizeSaNa ke kAraNa isa mandira kA nAma bhI 'savatigandhavAraNa basadi' par3a gyaa| mahArAnI ne 1121 I. meM isI jinAlaya meM bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI pA~ca phuTa U~cI pratimA bhI sthApita karAyI thii| zilAlekha meM usake kucha anya vizeSaNa isa prakAra haiM-dvitIya lakSmI ke samAna, abhinava rukmiNI, patihita meM satyabhAmA, viveka bRhaspati, pratyutpannamati (turanta nirNaya karanevAlI), muniyoM kA kA Adara karanevAlI, sItA ke samAna pativratA, samyaktvacUr3AmaNi, caturvidha saMgha kI unnati karanevAlI, apane kula ke abhyudaya ke lie dIpaka ke samAna, gItavAdyanRtya kI sUtradhAra, jinamata kI pracAraka aura AhAra-abhaya-auSadha-zAstra ina cAra prakAra ke dAnoM meM Ananda lene vaalii| uparyukta basadi ke dUsare maNDapa ke tIsare stambha para eka vistRta zilAlekha aura bhI hai jisameM paTTamahiSI zAntalA aura zrabaNabelagola meM usakI mAtA mAcikabbe dvArA sallekhanA grahaNa karane kA vivaraNa hai| isa lekha meM zAntalA ke kucha aura guNa ginAe gae haiM; jaise-vrataguNazIlacAritra se yukta antaHkaraNavAlI, loka meM vikhyAta, puNya kA upArjana karane meM kAraNa, jinadharmakathA meM Ananda anubhava karanevAlI, bhavyajanavatsalA, jinagandhodaka se pavitra aMgoM vAlI aadi| isa dharmavatsalA mahArAnI ne san 1131 I. meM zivagaMga nAmaka sthAna para apane guru kI upasthiti meM samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra paTarAnI zAntalA apanA nAma amara kara gii| karnATaka sarakAra dvArA prakAzita rAjya ke gajeTiyara (khaNDa do, 1983) meM devI zAntalA ko karnATaka saMskRti ke mahAna AdarzoM kI pratIka aura usake jIvana ko usa rAjya ke sAMskRtika itihAsa meM dhArmika mela-milApa kA malasvara kahA gayA hai| uddharaNa isa prakAra hai : "Shantala, the queen of Vishnuvardhana was the symbol of all that was great in Karnataka culture. Her mother was Jaina, her father a Shaiva, and her husband a Vaishnava. This religious harmony has been the keynote of Karnataka culture throughout its history." putrI-viyoga ko sahane meM asamartha usakI mAtA mAcikabbe ne bhI zravaNabelagola meM eka mAsa kA vrata lekara sallekhanA grahaNa kI / isa tathya kA bhI ullekha uparyukta zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ 210 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) itihAsa prasiddha nRpadampatI viSNuvardhana aura zAntalA ke nidhana ke bAda, vijaya narasiMhadeva (1149 se 1173 I.) isa rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI huaa| vaha viSNuvardhana kI lakSmI nAmaka rAnI kA putra thaa| vaha abhiSeka ke samaya kevala ATha varSa kA thaa| kintu usake pitA ke jaina senApati aura mantrI usake saMrakSaka rhe| usake sAmantoM, senApatiyoM evaM anya adhikAriyoM ke jainadharma sambandhI ATha-dasa lekha prApta hue haiM / zravaNabelagola kI bhaNDAri basadi meM pazcima kI ora eka zilAlekha hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki narasiMha ke mantrI hulla ne aneka mandiroM kA nirmANa-jIrNoddhAra karAne ke atirikta zravaNabelagola meM bhI 'caturviMzati tIrthaMkara jinAlaya' banavAyA thaa| eka bAra narasiMha vahA~ AyA aura usane isa jinamandira kA nAma 'bhavyacUr3AmaNi' rakhA tathA mandira ke pUjana, jIrNoddhAra Adi ke lie 'savaNeru' nAmaka gA~va dAna meM diyaa| nArasiMha ke bAda, ballAla dvitIya (1173-1220 I.) hoyasala rAjya kA zAsaka huaa| DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ke anusAra "vaha apane pitAmaha viSNuvardhana kI bhA~ti hI pratApI, bar3A vIra, mahAparAkramI, bhArI vijetA aura syAdvAdamata (jainadharma) kA poSaka evaM pakSapAtI thaa|" usane apane pitA ke mantrI hulla ke nivedana para zravaNabelagola kI uparyukta basadi ke lie 1175 I. meM do gA~va dAna kiye the| isI prakAra vahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi ke lie bhI dAna diyaa| 1192 I. meM dvArAvatI ke dhanI vyaktiyoM evaM nAgarikoM ne 'abhinava zAntideva' yA nagara-jinAlaya nAmaka mandira bnvaayaa| rAjA svayaM usameM gayA aura usane kaI grAma dAna meM die| usake samaya meM kannar3a bhASA meM vipula jaina sAhitya bhI racA gayA jisameM pramukha haiM-'yazodharacaritra' 'aMjanAcarita', harivaMzAmyudaya', 'jIvasambodhana' Adi / usake nagarAdhyakSa nAgadeva, senApati bharata aura bAhabalI, daNDAdhipa bacirAja, daNDanAyaka mahAdeva Adi aneka jinabhakta padAdhikArI the, jinhoMne aneka prakAra ke dAna die the| vIraballAla ke bAda usake putra narasiMha dvitIya ne pA~ca varSa rAjya kiyaa| usake bAda somezvara (1225-1245 I.) ne zAsana sNbhaalaa| mallakere grAma meM, Izvara mandira ke sAmane ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa rAjA kI bhI eka upAdhi 'samyaktvacUDAmaNi' thii| usake senApati 'zAnta' ne zAntinAtha mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki "usakI anumati se usake mantrI rAmadeva nAyaka dvArA eka vyavasthApatra taiyAra kiyA gayA thA, jisake anusAra zravaNabelagola ke bhItara rAjakaroM Adi para sampUrNa adhikAra vahA~ ke jainAcArya ko thaa| vahA~ vyApArI bhI prAyaH saba jaina hI the| unakI bhI ukta zAsana meM pUrNa sahamati thii|" narasiMha tRtIya (1254-1291 I.) hoyasala sAmrAjya ke eka bhAga kA rAjA huaa| dUsare bhAga para rAmanAtha (1254-1297 I.) kA zAsana rhaa| do rAniyoM ke do putroM ke kAraNa rAjyavibhAjana huaa| ___san 1254 meM narasiMha tRtIya ne rAjadhAnI ke 'vijayapArzvanAtha' mandira ke darzana kara pahale se cale Ae dAna para svIkRti dI aura svayaM bhI eka grAma dAna meM diyaa| san 1265 meM usane rAjadhAnI ke zAntinAtha jinAlaya ke lie apane guru mAghanandi ko 15 gA~va dAna meM die| usake daNDanAyaka somayya ne 1271 I. meM eka prAcIna basadi kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| mAdhava nAmaka
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________________ halaibiDa | 211 eka anya daNDanAyaka ne koppaNa meM eka navIna jina-pratimA sthApita karAI thii| isa rAjA ke prazraya meM kumadendu ne 1275 I. meM kannar3a meM jaina rAmAyaNa kI racanA kI thii| rAmanAtha hoyasala (1254-1297 I.) ne kannanUra (vikramapura) ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| usane 1276 I. meM kogali meM 'cenna pArzva-rAmanAtha basadi' kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| kolhApura ke 'sAmanta jinAlaya' ko bhI usane dAna diyA thaa| ___antima hoysalanareza ballAla tRtIya (1291-1333 I.) ne, DaoN. sAlenora ke anusAra, jainadharma ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA thaa| isa nareza kA pUrA jIvana apane rAjya kI rakSA meM biitaa| "isa vIra ballAla ke zAsanakAla meM bhI jainadharma hI karnATaka deza kA sarvopari evaM pradhAna dharma thA, aura yaha rAjA bhI usakA poSaka aura saMrakSaka yathAsambhava rhaa|" (DaoN. jyotiprasAda) usake samaya meM 1310 I. meM alAuddIna khilajI ne dvArasamudra para AkramaNa kiyA aura use luuttaa| rAjA ne usakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lI, kintu bAda meM mukara gyaa| usake bAda 1326 I. meM muhammada tugalaka ne bhISaNa AkramaNa kara isa hoysala rAjya kA anta hI kara diyaa| san 1333 I. meM isa nareza kI mRtyu ho gii| vaha apane rAjya kI rakSA kA bhAra kucha aise vyaktiyoM ko sauMpa gayA jinake hAthoM vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI nIMva pdd'ii| uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki biTTideva yA viSNuvardhana sahita usake bAda ke sabhI hoyasalanareza jainadharma ke poSaka the / prAyaH sabhI ko upAdhi 'samyaktvacUDAmaNi' thii| mandiroM kI ora hoysalezvara mandira-hale biDa gA~va meM jisa tirAhe para sarakArI baseM yA meTADora rukatI haiM (koI zeDa nahIM hai) vahA~ se eka sar3aka kucha Upara uThatI jAtI hai aura karIba eka-do pharlAga calane para jahA~ phira eka tirAhA banAtI hai vahIM sAmane hai hoyasala kalA kA eka utkRSTa namUnA 'hoysalezvara mandira' (ziva ko smrpit)| isI mandira ke ahAte meM hai khule AkAza-tale eka saMgrahAlaya jisameM uttuMga aura kalAtmaka jaina mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / mandira ke vizAla ahAte meM purAtattva vibhAga kA sundara udyAna hai| (hoysalezvara mandira ke ThIka sAmane hai karnATaka sarakAra kA TUrisTa baMgalA jahA~ kama daroM para Thaharane kI acchI suvidhA hai / jaina paryaTakoM ko yahIM ThaharanA cAhie, kyoMki yahA~ kA uparyukta mandira aura jaina mandiroM evaM sagrahAlaya dekhane ke lie kama-sekama sAta-ATha ghaNToM kA samaya Avazyaka hai| jaina mandiroM ke darzana ke lie subaha pahu~canA cAhie aura arcaka (pujArI) kI sahAyatA se dekhanA caahie| use apane ghara se bhI tAlA kholane ke lie bulAnA sambhava ho sakatA hai|) ----- 'hoysalezvara mandira' ke sAmane tirAhe para aMgrez2I meM likhA hai "Visit Famous Ancient Jain Temple" aura usI ke nIce nAgarI meM bhI likhA hai "sandarSana prekSakSIya jaina mandira" (jo vahA~ likhA hai vaisA hI prastuta lekhaka ne likha diyA hai)| TUrisTa baseM prAyaH ina mandiroM ko nahIM dikhAtI haiN| yahA~ ke TUrisTa baMgale meM bhI loga kama hI Thaharate haiM / jo bhI ho, TUrisTa baMgale ke sAmane kI sar3aka para Der3ha phalAMga kI dUrI para, eka gA~va bastihallI hai / vahA~ sArvajanika nirmANa vibhAga ne likha rakhA hai "Jain Temple-Kedareshwar Temple" isI sthAna ke bAIM ora jaina
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________________ 212 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) mandiroM kA vizAla ahAtA hai| kedArezvara mandira ziva mandira hai| ___ anuzruti hai ki hoysala rAjadhAnI meM kula 120 jaina mandira the kintu aba yahA~ kevala tIna mandira bace haiM jo ki eka hI prAMgaNa meM haiN| ye mandira bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga ke adhIna saMrakSita smAraka haiN| inameM aba bhI pUjana hotI hai| aba yahA~ kevala do jaina parivAra haiN| mandira dekhane kA samaya subaha ATha baje se zAma ke chaha baje taka hai| - __ mandiroM ke prAMgaNa kI praveza-sIr3hiyoM ke pAsa hI DhAI phuTa ke lagabhaga eka zilAlekha kannar3a meM hai| usameM sabase Upara chatratrayI se yukta padmAsana tIrthaMkara, do ca~varadhArI, sUrya-candra haiN| eka ora hAthI aMkita hai to dUsarI ora bachar3e ko dUdha pilAtI gAya / spaSTa hai ki yaha smAraka hai| sIr3hiyoM ke donoM ora lagabhaga do phuTa U~ce hAthI bane haiN| unake gale meM motiyoM kI mAlA haiM aura pITha para bhI motiyoM kI jhUla hai| unakI sUMDa meM kamala hai to pairoM ke bIca meM bar3A kml| prAMgaNa meM pravezadvAra ke bAda mandira kI ora mu~ha kie do hAthI sundara DhaMga se utkIrNa haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira ke mukhamaNDapa kI praveza-sIr3hiyoM ke jaMgaloM ke rUpa meM do hAthI gahanoM aura mAlAoM se manohara rUpa meM aMkita kie gae haiM / aisA lagatA hai ki ve abhI daur3ane hI vAle hoM, unake pairoM kA aMkana isI prakAra kiyA gayA hai| (1) vijaya pArzvanAtha basadi-yaha yahA~ kA sabase bar3A jaina mandira hai| usake sAmane balipITha bhI hai| bAhara kSetrapAla bhI haiN| isake mukhamaNDapa meM 32 stambha haiM jinake sUkSma valaya manohara haiN| una para mauktika mAlAoM aura patrAvali kA sundara aMkana kiyA gayA hai| mukhamaNDapa kI chata meM puSparacanA aura usake bAda dharaNendra yakSa kA utkIrNana hai| mukhamaNDapa ke bAda yA mandira ke bAhara cAra zilAlekha haiM / inameM se eka bAraha phuTa U~cA hai| usameM sabase Upara bhagavAna mahAvIra virAjamAna haiM / unake Asana para siMha kA cihna hai| chatratrayI aura ca~varadhArI bhI prazita haiN| eka ora gAya pradarzita hai| sarya-candra aura kItimakha tathA kannaDa meM lekha hai| isameM mandira ke nirmANa kA itihAsa hai / hoyasala vaMza kI vaMzAvalI dekara yaha ullekha hai ki rAjA viSNuvardhana ke senApati boppa ne 1133 I. meM isakA nirmANa karAyA thA aura jaba isakI pratiSThA kA gaMdhodaka lekara pujArI baMkApura viSNuvardhana ke pAsa pahu~cA to usane use mastaka se lagAyA aura yuddha meM usI samaya huI apanI vijaya kA kAraNa pArzvanAtha ko mAna isa mandira kA nAma 'vijaya-pArzvanAtha' rkhaa| use usI samaya putra-prApti kA bhI samAcAra milA thaa| usane apane putra kA nAma bhI vijaya narasiMha rakhA aura yaha saba pArzvanAtha kI pratiSThApanA kA phala smjhaa| usane mandira ke lie jAvagala nAmaka gA~va dAna meM bhI diyaa| anya zilAlekhoM (prAMgaNa ke bhI) kA sAra mandiroM ke varNana ke bAda diyA jaaegaa| vijaya-pArzvanAtha mandira ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana meM mahAvIra svAmI virAjamAna haiN| unake AsapAsa ca~varadhArI bhI haiN| dvAra ke AsapAsa ke stambha sundara DhaMga se utkIrNa haiN| garbhagRha se pahale bhI eka vizAla dvAra hai / usake siradala para bhI padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti hai| mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiN| unakI sapheda grenAiTa patthara kI caudaha phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mudrA meM mUrti para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai| chatra eka hI hai aura makara-toraNa kI saMyojanA hai| ve ulaTe kamalAsana para pratiSThita haiN| unake ghuTanoM ke pAsa dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kA aMkana hai|
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________________ halebiDa | 213 sarpakuNDalI pairoM taka pradarzita hai / mUrti kA eka hAtha kucha khaNDita lagatA hai (yaha 1133 I. kI mUrti hai) / garbhagRha meM kucha nAgaphalaka haiM / pArzvanAtha kI hI sAta phaNoM, makara-toraNa, yakSa-yakSI aura caMvara ke cihnoM se sajjita eka mUrti aura hai| garbhagRha kI chata para kamala kA aMkana hai| garbhagRha se bAhara ke prakoSTha meM yA navaraMga meM dAhinI ora brahma yakSa kI mUrti hai jisakA mukuTa U~cA hai| yakSa ke do hAthoM meM nAriyala aura gadA hai| bAIM ora kUSmANDinI devI drAkSalatA se saMyukta hai| devI ke hAthoM meM sAmAnya padArtha haiM / eka hAtha khaNDita hai| _ 'vijaya pArzvanAtha' basadi meM chata kI kArIgarI bhI dekhane yogya hai| chata meM cAra stara haiN| pahale stara meM ATha dikpAla utkIrNa kie gae haiN| dUsare aura tIsare meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / dUsare stara meM kevala ATha tIrthaMkara haiM aura tIsare meM solaha, isa prakAra kula milAkara sa tIrthaMkara ho jAte haiN| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke AsapAsa yakSa-yakSI aura bhaktajana utkIrNa haiN| sabase Upara pA~ca phaNoM se yukta dharaNendra kA utkIrNana hai / eka ora cAra hariNa aura muni kA keza-loMca dikhAyA gayA hai to dUsarI ora eka strI nRtya kara rahI hai, usake AsapAsa vAdakavRnda hai| isI prakAra yuddha ke lie samuddhata hAthI-ghor3e aura samudra meM devatA pradarzita haiN| ___ uparyukta mandira meM ATha deva-kulikAe~ yA devakoSTha haiM-mUrti ke donoM ora tIna-tIna tathA pravezadvAra ke AsapAsa do| ina para draviDa zailI ke zikhara aneka staroM vAle haiM kintu siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara bhI utkIrNa haiN| kasauTI pASANa ke adabhata stambha-praveza karane para jo haoNla AtA hai vaha navaraMga hai| usameM uttama paoNliza vAle kasauTI pASANa ke caudaha stambha haiM / stambhoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ haiM : (1) patalI-patalI mauktika mAlAe~-sUkSma kArIgarI kA namUnA, (2) karIba De iMca kI paTTI meM puSpAvali bArIkI dekhane lAyaka, (3) lagabhaga tIna iMca ke gola gheroM meM AkRtiyA~ aura (4) stambhoM ke valaya itane patale aura gola mAnoM cUr3iyA~ piro dI hoN| vaise stambha pA~ca bhAgoM meM saMyojita haiM / unake nIce ke bhAgoM meM nartaka, vAdaka aura deviyA~ utkIrNa haiM / bAraha stambhoM para uttama tathA pUrA paoNliza hai| unameM hamArA pratibimba dikhatA hai| kucheka stambhoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai-(1) pravezadvAra ke pAsa dAhinI ora khar3e hokara yadi hAtha Upara kie jAe~ to sAmane vAle stambha meM hAtha dikhAI dete haiN| (2) usake pAsa ke stambha meM pUrA zarIra dikhAI detA hai, hAtha alaga dikhate haiM / (3) bAIM ora cauthI paMkti ke dUsare stambha meM hAtha donoM tarapha dikhAI dete haiN| arthAt Upara aura nIce donoM ora hAtha dikhAI dete haiM / (4) stambhoM ke nIce ke caukora bhAga ko bajAne se saMgIta kI dhvani nikalatI hai| yahA~ taka ki pensila chuA dene se bhI madhura dhvani AtI hai| (5) stambhoM ke gola yA challevAle bhAga ko do aMguliyoM se bajAne para bhI saMgItamaya dhvani nikalatI hai / kula 12 stambhoM se saMgIta kI dhvani utpanna hotI hai| uparyakta mandira meM phala ikaTaThA karatI eka zAlabhaMjikA yA sundarI bhI utkIrNa hai| usake vastroM kA sUkSma aMkana dekhane lAyaka hai / 'vijaya pArzvanAtha basadi' kA zikhara nahIM hai / garbhagRha ke bAharI bhAga para dravir3a zailI kA utkIrNana hai| prabalita pASANa (reinforced) kA prayoga bhI isakI eka vizeSatA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki
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________________ 214 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) mandira ke nirmANa meM masAle kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isake pASANa 26 sthAnoM para andarabAhara lohe kI pattiyoM se jor3e gaye haiN| yaha tathya mandira ke bAIM ora kI dIvAla meM lagabhaga do phuTa ke antara para dekhA jA sakatA hai / vahA~ pASANoM ke bIca meM lohe kI pattI dikhAI detI hai| (2) prAcIna AdinAtha mandira--yaha pArzva basadi ke pAsa eka choTA mandira hai| dakSiNI vimAna zailI meM banA hai| pravezadvAra ke donoM ora hAthI utkIrNa haiN| eka vimAna meM mahAvIra svAmI padmAsana meM virAjamAna haiN| usase Upara mandira sambandhI zilAlekha hai jo bAda meM lagAyA jAna par3atA hai| mandira ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana meM mahAvIra ca~varadhArI se saMyukta haiN| Upara zikharayukta vimAna jAna par3atA hai| dvAra kI caukhaTa para patrAvalI kA bhI sundara aMkana hai| nIce stambhayukta cApa se alaMkRta dvArapAla pradarzita haiN| mandira ke mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva haiN| unakI pASANa-nirmita pratimA lagabhaga do phuTa kI, chatratrayI aura makara-toraNa se yukta hai| unake eka ora gomukha yakSa aura yakSI cakrezvarI haiN| Asana para siMha kA cihna hai| usake donoM konoM para alaMkRta hAthI haiM / vAstava meM, garbhagRha meM mahAvIra svAmI kI padmAsana mUrti thI jo khaNDita ho gii| vaha aba bhI zAntinAtha mandira meM rakhI hai| isalie AdinAtha kI mUrti mahAvIra svAmI ke Asana para virAjamAna kara dI gaI hai| ___ sabhAmaNDapa meM dAhinI ora kamalAsana para gaNadhara ke caraNa haiN| bAIM ora ke Asana para candranAthasvAmI kI mUrti thI, lekina vaha khaNDita ho gaI, isa kAraNa sarasvatI pratiSThApita kara dI gii| mandira ke cAra stambhoM para sundara nakkAzI hai| sabhAmaNDapa kI chata meM bIca meM kamala kA phUla utkIrNa hai| do staroM meM jo koNa banAe gae haiM unameM padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| mandira kA zikhara nahIM hai| isakA nirmANakAla 1130 I. hai| (3) advitIya kasauTo pASANa ke stambhoM vAlA zAntinAtha mandira-isa mandira ke sAmane lagabhaga tIsa phuTa U~cA eka mAnastambha hai| usake zIrSa para eka susajjita azva pUrva kI ora uchAla bharatA aMkita hai| stambha meM nIce yakSa aura eka azva bhI utkIrNa haiM / basadi ke pravezadvAra lagabhaga cAra mITara U~ce haiM / mukhamaNDapa meM stambhoM kI saMyojanA hai / U~ce dvAra ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara chatra aura ca~varadhArI se yukta haiN| garbhagRha meM mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha ko 16 phuTa U~cI kAle pASANa kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM bhavya pratimA hai| ___ mUrti para chatra hai aura mastaka ke pAsa ca~vara kA aMkana hai| zveta makara-toraNa kI bhI saMyojanA hai| unake Asa-pAsa yakSa kimpuruSa aura yakSI mahAmAnasI kI cAra phuTa U~cI mUrtiyA~ haiN| vizAla pratimA ke abhiSeka ke lie pahale se ho sor3hiyAM nirmita haiM / mUrti ke sAmane pASANa kI hI lagabhaga do phuTa U~cI makara-toraNayukta eka aura pratimA bhI sthApita hai / yahA~ para mahAvIra kI khaNDita padmAsana mUrti bhI surakSita rakhI gaI hai| zAntinAtha mandira meM bhI, usake navaraMga (dekheM citra kra. 88) meM kasauTI pASANa ke bAraha stambha haiN| unameM se pratyeka meM pratibimba kI vyavasthA hai| eka-do adbhuta udAharaNa haiM-(1) zarIra sA~pa jaisA isa navaraMga meM dAhinI ora kI antima paMkti ke dUsare stambha ke sAmane yadi hAtha U~ce kie jAe~ to stambha meM do zarIra aura sA~pa jaisI AkRti dikhAI detI hai| (2) keMkar3e jaisI
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________________ haleviDa | 215 AkRti-isI prakAra pahalI paMkti ke dUsare stambha ke pAsa khar3e hokara hAtha U~ce karane se do hAtha dikhAI dete haiM aura pAnI meM keMkar3e jaisI AkRti banatI hai / (3) navaraMga meM bIca meM khar3e hone para prathama paMkti ke aMtima stambha ke sAmane khaDe hokara dekhane se kapaDe kA raMga dikhatA hai| pratibimba (reflection) kI aisI anUThI vyavasthA to belUra aura halebiDa ke kalApUrNa mandiroM meM bhI saMbhavataH nahIM hai| yaha durlabha zilpa ina mandiroM kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| mandiroM ke prAMgaNa meM eka purAnI bAvar3I hai joki lagabhaga 70 phuTa gaharI hai| yahA~ ke mandiroM ke kucha pramukha zilAlekhoM kA sAra parama dhArmika sahiSNutA kA zilAlekha-pArzvanAtha basadi ke prAMgaNa meM saMskRta aura kannar3a meM 1638 I. kA eka zilAlekha hai| isake maMgalAcaraNa meM jinendra bhagavAna ke stavana ke bAda zambhu ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / isameM yaha ullekha hai ki jisa samaya veMkaTAdri nAmaka Arya belUra kI rakSA kara rahA thA, usa samaya huccappadeva nAmaka vyakti ne halebiDa ke 'vijaya pArzvanAtha basadi' ke stambhoM para liMgamudrA lagA dii| vijayappa ne usako tor3a diyaa| isa para halebiDa ke mahA-mattuoM ne milakara yaha Adeza jArI kiyA ki candra-sUrya ke sthAyI rahane taka jaina loga apanI sabhI dhArmika vidhi kara skeNge| isa prakAra zaivoM aura jainoM kI sahiSNutA kA udghoSaka hai yaha shilaalekh| zAntinAtha kI pratimA bAhara nikAleM-vijaya pArzvanAtha mandira ke bAhara kI dIvAla ke eka stambha para lagabhaga 1300 I. kA eka kannar3a lekha hai| usameM yaha sUcanA hai ki IzAna dizA se prArambha karake, (IzAna se) pandraha bilasta ke antara para zAntinAtha deva, jinakI U~cAI chaha bilasta hai, jamIna ke andara gar3e hue haiN| koI puNya puruSa unako bAhara nikAlakara unakI pratiSThA karAke puNya kA upArjana kre| AdinAtha mandira kA zilAlekha yaha sUcita karayA hai ki 1274 I. meM bAlacandra paNDitadeva (sAracatuSTaya Adi granthoM ke TIkAkAra) ne sallekhanA dhAraNa kara lI thI aura yahA~ ke bhavyoM ne unakI tathA paMcaparamezvara kI mati pratiSThApita kI thii| zAntIzvara mandira ke zilAlekha meM bAlacandra ke zrutaguru abhayacandra kI sallekhanA kA ullekha hai| san 1117 I. meM vijaya-pArzva mandira kI pratiSThA aura viSNuvardhana dvArA baMkApura meM gandhodaka grahaNa sambandhI eka zilAlekha pArzvanAtha basadi ke bAhara hai| ___uparyukta basadi meM hI 1255 I. kA zilAlekha hai jisameM hoysalanareza vIra narasiMha ne yahA~ ke zilAlekha meM apanI vaMzAvalI par3hI aura yahA~ kI cahAradIvArI sudharavA dI tathA anya dAna bhI vijayapArzvadeva ko arpita kie| yahIM ke 1196 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki vyApArI kavaDamayya aura devizeTTI ne koraDukere nAmaka gA~va kharIdakara zAntinAtha basadi ko dAna svarUpa bheMTa kiyaa| pArzvanAtha basadi kI bAhara kI dIvAla para 1133 I. ke zilAlekha meM hoysala rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI aura dAna kA ullekha hai|
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________________ 216 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) hoysalezvara mandira : kalA kA advitIya udAharaNa halebiDa ke isa mandira (citra kra. 89) ko dekhane ke lie pratidina saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM loga Ate haiM, darzana karate haiM, pikanika bhI karate haiM aura jhuNDa ke jhuNDa cale jAte haiN| kisI samaya yaha mandira rAjadhAnI kI prAcIra ke andara thaa| aba vaha gA~va se alaga hai| anya cihnoM ke rUpa meM miTTI ke kucha TIle haiM aura lagabhaga eka kilomITara lambA tAlAba bacA hai| hoysalezvara mandira kA nirmANa rAjA viSNuvardhana kI mRtyu ke pazcAt lagabhaga 11:0 I. meM prArambha haA thA, aisA anumAna hai| kintu yaha pUrA nahIM ho skaa| isakA Upara kA bhAga banA hI nhiiN| san 1310 I. aura 1326 I. meM kramazaH alAuddIna khilajI aura muhammada tugalaka ke AkramaNa ke kAraNa isakA nirmANa banda ho gyaa| isa mandira meM itanI sUkSma aura uttama kArIgarI hai ki aisA jAna par3atA hai ki selakhar3I (patthara) para nakkAzI karanevAloM ne isameM prayukta patthara ko zAyada gIlI miTTI samajhA hogA aura use apanI chainI se aisA rUpa dete cale gae mAno ve gIlI miTTI ko sA~ce meM DhAla rahe hoN| Aie, isakI kucha vizeSatAe~ jAneM uparyukta mandira eka mandira nahIM hai, vaha dvikUTa yA do mandiroM kA samUha hai| vAstava meM do mandira eka mArga dvArA Apasa meM jaDe hue haiN| donoM hI zivamandira haiN| una donoM kI AkRti tAre (star) jaisI hai / pratyeka mandira kI lambAI 112 phuTa aura caur3AI 100 phuTa batAI jAtI haiN| unakI U~cAI lagabhaga 25 phuTa hai| donoM hI ke sAmane khule stambhoM kA nandI maNDapa (nandI kI pratimAvAlA) hai| unameM se eka bar3A hai aura eka choTA / ye anupAtahIna jAna par3ate haiM aura bAda meM banAe gae haiM / ina mandiroM meM makkhaniyA raMga (Cream colour) ke patthara kA upayoga huA hai| yaha patthara pAsa kI hI khadAnoM se prApta kiyA gayA hai| usakI vizeSatA yaha batAI jAtI hai ki khadAna se nikAle jAne para vaha narama hotA hai, bAhara nikalane ke kucha samaya bAda sakhta ho jAne ke bAda hI usa para chainI calAI jAtI hai / kintu yahA~ kI dIvAla Adi meM lagabhaga hara iMca para bahuta hI sundara nakkAzI hai| usa para paoNliza bhI camakadAra AtI hai| isake stambha eka-dUsare para pratibimbata hote jAna par3ate haiN| stambhoM para bahata sUkSma nakkAzI hai (dekheM citra kra. 90) / mandira ke praveza kI sIr3hiyoM ke pAsa, donoM ora eka-eka sundara laghu mandira hai| pravezadvAra kA siradala bhI lambA aura U~cA hai| usakA utkIrNana paurANika AkhyAna sambandhI ghaTanAoM se kiyA gayA hai jo ki use bhavyatA pradAna karatA hai| donoM ora do dvArapAla tribhaMga mudrA meM haiM aura ratnoM se bhUSita haiN| mandira kI kursI lagabhaga sAr3he pA~ca phuTa U~cI hai| usa para gajastara, azvastara (hAthIghor3oM kI katAreM) Adi utkIrNa haiM / karIba 710 phuTa kI lambAI meM 2000 ke lagabhaga hAthI unapara AsIna vyaktiyoM sahita utkIrNa haiN| unake Upara zArdUla yA siMhoM kI katAreM haiN| phira sundara-sI baoNrDara hai| usake bAda ghur3asavAroM kA aMkana hai| phira eka baoNrDara hai / phira laMkA-vijaya ke dRzya lagabhaga 700 phuTa meM pradarzita haiM / nartaka-dala aura haMsoM kI paMktiyA~ bhI isI bhA~ti
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________________ halebiDa | 217 utkIrNa haiN| inheM dekhakara hI darzaka maMtramugdha raha jAtA hai| garbhagRha meM bhI sundara nakkAzI hai| kendra meM tANDavezvara (ziva) haiN| unake sAtha nAcategAte bhaktajana bhI utkIrNa haiN| mandira tArakAkRti hai| isa kAraNa dIvAla kaI koNa banAtI hai| isalie kalAkAra ko apanI kalA pradarzita karane kA bahuta sundara avasara milA hai / mandira kI dIvAla vaidika yA hindU devI-devatAoM, unake pratIkoM Adi kA eka vizAla saMgrahAlaya bana gaI hai| ve sabhI sandara bhUSA meM aura bahuta spaSTa aMkita kie gae haiN| dIvAla meM jAlIdAra khir3akiyA~ prakAza, havA Adi ke lie banAI gaI haiM kintu ina khir3akiyoM kA sthAna liyA hai vibhinna devI-devatAoM, apsarAoM aura nartakiyoM yA sundariyoM ne| lagabhaga 400 phaTa meM paurANika devI-devatA utkIrNa kie gae haiN| ziva ke ghuTanoM para baiThI pArvatI caudaha bAra aMkita kI gaI hai| viSNu ke avatAra bhI aneka bAra pradarzita haiN| yahI sthiti brahmA kI hai| zAyada hI koI pramukha devatA aisA bacA ho jisakA aMkana yahA~ nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki parsI brAuna jaise purAtattvavid ne isa mandira ko manuSya dvArA nirmita sundara smArakoM meM eka batAyA hai (One of the most remarkable monuments ever produced by the hand of man) / kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ hoyasala zilpa-kalA apanI parAkASThA ko paha~ca gaI aura vAstujagat meM usane 'hoyasala kalA' nAma se apanI eka alaga hI pahacAna banA lii| uparyukta mandira kA pramukha zilpI 'dAroja' batAyA jAtA hai| mandira mohaka evaM darzanIya hai| kintu yaha samAdhAna nahIM mila pAtA ki tathAkathita vaiSNava hoyasalanareza zaiva bhI ho gae the athavA nhiiN| vaise yahA~ kRSNa ko vizAla kaliMga sarpa ke mastaka para nRtya karate hue bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| jo bhI ho, deza-videza ke aneka kalA-marmajJa evaM sAdhAraNa paryaTaka pratidina isa mandira ko dekhane ke lie Ate haiN| saMgrahAlaya hoysalezvara mandira ke prAMgaNa meM bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga kA eka khulA saMgrahAlaya bhI hai| usameM anya dharmoM kI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| DheroM zilpa-kRtiyA~ jamIna para par3I haiN| inameM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| unameM padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura siradala para eka padmAsana mUrti bhI hai / lagabhaga 16 phuTa U~cI eka tIrthaMkara pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM yahA~ eka choTe se gola udyAna meM khar3I hai| usake hAtha kuhanI se TUTe hue haiN| vaha chatratrayI, ca~vara aura makara-toraNa se saMyojita hai| mastaka ke donoM ora yakSa-yakSI haiN| Asana siMha se vibhUSita hai| mUrti ke donoM ora sundara nakkAzIdAra eka-eka stambha hai / eka vIragala yA vIra-smAraka yahA~ rakhA hai| usake tIna khaNDa haiN| sabase Upara ke khaNDa meM sUrya-candra aura padmAsana tIrthaMkara (unake Asana para siMha utkIrNa haiM) aura bhakta mahilA evaM puruSa haiN| bIca ke khaNDa meM, pAlakI meM hAtha jor3e eka puruSa hai aura usake donoM ora deviyA~ haiM (vIra ko svarga liye jAne kA dRshy)| sabase nIce ke khaNDa meM tIra calAtA puruSa utkIrNa hai / usakA eka anya yoddhA se yuddha ho rahA hai| lagabhaga DhAI phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM eka chatra se vibhUSita mUrti hai jisake
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________________ 218 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) 1 Upara chAyA karanevAle phaNa TUTe hue haiN| mUrti makara- toraNa aura yakSa-yakSI se vibhUSita hai / isI prakAra tIrthaMkara Asana aura anya khaNDita tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ isa khule saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / hoysalezvara mandira ke pAsa eka tAlAba hai jo sambhavataH eka kilomITara lambA hogA / usI meM yA usake pAsa hI vaha bhUmi batAI jAtI hai jo ki tathAkathita vaiSNava (dharma meM dIkSita ) viSNuvardhana ke atyAcAroM se phaTa gaI thI aura jise viSNuvardhana ke pazcAttApa karane aura kAphI anunaya-vinaya karane ke bAda zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka cArukIrti ne kalikuNDa sAdhanA karake pATa diyA thA / yadi halebiDa meM rAjadhAnI nahIM rahI to kyA huA, sthAnIya hoysalezvara mandira aura jaina mandiroM ke kAraNa yaha hoysala kalAdhAnI to aba bhI hai / yahA~ kI kalA mana para amiTa chApa chor3atI hai| use dekhanA nahIM bhUlanA cAhie, zAntipUrvaka avalokana karanA cAhie / halebiDa se hAsana, vahA~ se cannarAyapaTTana hote hue zravaNabelagola ke lie prasthAna karanA cAhie /
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 219 zravaNabelagola "duniyA meM aise bhI kucha nagara haiM jo prAyaH anAdikAla se vidyamAna haiM / roma tathA vArANasI ko to anAdikAlIna nagara mAnA ho jAtA hai, zravaNabelagola kA bhI nAma isI sUcI meM Ane yogya hai| karnATaka ke anya kisI bhI sthAna kA itihAsa itanA dIrghakAlIna aura avichinna nahIM hai| dantakathAoM, itihAsa aura sAhitya meM jitanI carcA isakI hai, utanI aura kisI kI nhiiN|" -na. sa. rAmacandrayA, maisUra avasthiti evaM mArga karnATaka ke tIrthasthAnoM meM zravaNabelagola ko tIrtharAja kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| yahA~ pahu~cane ke lie kevala sar3aka-mArga hai / yaha tIrtha baMgalora se 142 ki. mI., maisUra se 80 ki. mI., hAsana se 48 ki. mI. aura arasIkere (relave sTezana) se 70 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita hai| ina sthAnoM se Ane vAle yAtriyoM ko yadi zravaNabelagola kI sIdhI basa nahIM mile to unheM maisUrabaMgalora rAjamArga para sthita cannarAyapaTTana nAmaka sthAna taka A jAnA caahie| yaha eka bar3A basa-sTaiMDa hai aura prAyaH sabhI ora se baseM yahA~ AtI haiN| isa sthAna se zravaNabelagola kevala 13 ki. mI. hai aura basoM kI acchI suvidhA hai| nikaTatama relave sTezana hAsana jaM. hai| maisUra se hAsana taka bhI sIdhI rela-sevA hai| zravaNabelagola : nAmoM ko sArthakatA zravaNabelagola arthAt zramaNa yA jaina muniyoM (zravaNoM) kA beLagoLa (arthAt zveta sarovara) vAstava meM kannaDa nAma hai| paramparA se yaha tIrtha aba isI sarovara, jisakA nAma kalyANI sarovara hai, ke kAraNa zravaNabelagola kahalAtA A rahA hai / vaise vibhinna yugoM aura vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ke kAraNa isa kSetra ke aura bhI aneka nAma rahe haiM / inakA bahuta kucha jJAna hameM yahA~ pAye gaye lagabhaga 577 zilAlekhoM evaM anya sAdhanoM se prApta hotA hai| jitane zilAlekha yahA~ pAye jAte haiM, bhArata meM utane zAyada hI aura kisI sthAna para hoM / ye zilAlekha IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se lekara unnIsavIM zatAbdI taka ke haiN| zilAlekhoM kI isa pRSThabhUmi se isa sthAna ke nAmoM ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milegii| zravaNabelagola kA sabase prAcIna nAma 'kaTavapra' hai / yaha nAma IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke zilAlekha meM hai jisake anusAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura AcArya prabhAcandra (candragupta maurya kA muni-avasthA kA nAma) ne isa kaTavapra (pahAr3I) para samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| kaTavapra saMskRta nAma hai| 'kaTa' kA artha hai samAdhimaNDapa aura 'vapra'se Azaya hai parvata kI coTI yA zikhara / kyoMki yahA~ kI candragiri yA choTI pahAr3I para zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se lekara aba taka saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM muniyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ne sallekhanA-vidhi dvArA apanA zarIra tyAgA hai aura isI se sambandhita saikar3oM lekha evaM bahuta se caraNa-cihna bhI yahA~ haiM ataH isakA 'kaTavapra' nAma sArthaka hai|
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________________ 220 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) saMskRta kA yaha 'kaTavapra' nAma yahA~ ke kaI anya zilAlekhoM meM 'kaLavappu', 'kalpavappa', 'kalavappi', 'kalpavappabeTTa' aura 'kaTavapragiri' utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai / aneka muniyoM Adi dvArA yahA~ tapazcaraNa evaM samAdhimaraNa ke kAraNa hI kucha zilAlekhoM meM candragiri ko 'RSigiri' tathA 'tIrtha giri' ke nAma se bhI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| cU~ki samrAT candragupta ne yahA~ apane antima dina bitAe the, isalie yaha parvata 'candragiri' bhI kahalAyA / Aja to isa parvata kA yaha nAma hI sabase adhika pracalita hai| vaise yaha pUrA kSetra 'beLagoLa' ke nAma se hI adhikatara prasiddha rahA hai lekina zilAlekhoM meM isa nAma ke uccAraNa meM bahuta bhinnatA rahI hai / isa sthAna kA eka anya nAma 'devara beLagoLa' (devoM kA belagola arthAt jinendra bhagavAna kA belagola) bhI hai / zilAlekhoM kI bhASA- racanA karane vAle paNDita yA kavi hue hI haiM / isalie unhoMne belagola (zveta sarovara) ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA bhI nAma ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai / jaise 'zveta sarovara', 'dhavala sarasa', 'dhavala sarovara', 'zukla tIrtha' yA 'dhavalatIrtha' Adi / yuga jaba tIrtha kI paramparA calI to uttara bhArata ke yAtriyoM ke lie zravaNabelagola kA eka nAma 'jainabadrI' bhI pracalita ho gayA / zravaNabelagola kI eka aura vizeSatA prAcIna meM zikSA aura adhyayana ke kendra ke rUpa meM bhI thI / uttara bhArata meM Aja bhI vArANasI (yA kAzI) ko zikSA kA eka pramukha kendra mAnA jAtA hai / isI prakAra dakSiNa meM sthita vidyA ke kendra isa zravaNabelagola ko 'dakSiNa kAzI' bhI zilAlekhoM meM kahA gayA hai / atizaya kSetra zravaNabelagola eka atizaya kSetra bhI hai| isa pavitra bhUmi meM samaya-samaya para aneka camatkAra yA atizaya hue haiM ( 1 ) candragiri para pAranAtha basadi ke uttaramukha eka stambha para zaka saMvat 1050 kA eka zilAlekha hai / usameM mahAvIra svAmI aura gautama gaNadhara kA smaraNa kara, AcArya bhadrabAhu kI mahimA batAkara yaha kahA gayA hai ki unake ziSya candragupta kI vana-devatA bhI sevA kiyA karate the (candraguptazzuzrUyaSyate sma suciraM vana- devatAbhiH) / janazruti hai ki taba nirjana candragiri - vindhyagiri pahAr3iyoM ke AsapAsa kA kSetra AbAda nahIM thA yA bahuta kama AbAdI vAlA rahA hogA / kintu bAraha haz2Ara muniyoM ke saMgha ko bhakti pUrvaka AhAra dene ke lie yahA~ devatAoM ne eka nagara kA hI nirmANa kara DAlA thA / isakA patA usa samaya lagA jabaki samasta munisaMgha sudUra dakSiNa ke lie prasthAna kara gayA aura kevala AcArya bhadrabAhu tathA prabhAcandra ( candragupta ) muni hI vahA~ raha gae / sadA kI bhA~ti muni prabhAcandra eka dina jaba AhAra ke lie gaye to apanA kamaNDalu nagara meM hI bhUla Ae / jaba ve lauTakara usI sthAna para gaye to unheM vahA~ koI AbAdI dikhAI nahIM dI / apanA kamaNDalu unheM avazya eka sUkhe per3a kI TahanI para Ta~gA dikhA / AcArya ne unheM batAyA ki AhAra kI vyavasthA sambhavataH devoM ne kI thii| cU~ki muni ke lie rAjapiNDa ( rAjA ke yahA~ kA bhojana), devapiNDa ( devatAoM dvArA pradatta bhojana) lenA niSedha hai, isalie muni prabhAcandra ne usa dina prAyazcitta
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 221 kiyaa| uparyukta zilAlekha isI ghaTanA kI ora saMketa kara rahA hai ki vana devatA bhI prabhAcandra muni ( candragupta maurya) kI sevA kiyA karate the / (2) zravaNabelagola se lagabhaga eka kilomITara kI dUrI para hosahallI grAma meM 'kerekoDi jakkalammA' nAmaka eka mandira hai / usa prAcIna mandira meM tIrthaMkara pratimA ke dAhinI ora kUSmANDinI devI ( tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI yakSiNI) kI atizayapUrNa pratimA hai / yaha janazruti hai ki isI kUSmANDinI devI ne cAmuNDarAya aura unakI mAtA ko svapna diyA thA ki 'podanapura ke bAhubalI ke darzana to durlabha haiM, tuma yahIM bAhubalI kI mUrti kA nirmANa karAo / ' uparyukta devI kI mUrti gomaTeza bAhubalI kI mUrti se bhI prAcIna batAI jAtI hai / ( eka mata yaha bhI hai ki vaha svapna padmAvatI devI ne diyA thA / ) ( 3 ) yaha to suprasiddha tathya hai ki jaba bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrti kA cAmuNDarAya ne abhiSeka karanA cAhA to saikar3oM kalaza DhAra dene ke bAda bhI mUrti kA abhiSeka nahIM ho sakA, usakA nIce kA bhAga sUkhA hI raha gayA / saba loga stabdha the / cAmuNDarAya ko AcArya nemicandra ne yaha sujhAva diyA ki eka bur3hiyA abhiSeka karanA cAhatI hai, use abhiSeka karane do / ataeva bur3hiyA ko abhiSeka maMca para lAyA gayA / usa vRddhA (ajjI) ke hAtha meM 'guLLa' (eka phala ) thA jisake do bhAgoM ko khokhalA karake usane usameM thor3A-sA dUdha bhara rakhA thaa| sabhI ke mukha para Azcarya mizrita ha~sI thI ki yaha kyA abhiSeka kara skegii| kintu Azcarya, usane jo dUdha kI bU~deM mUrti para DAlIM ve dekhate-dekhate vizAla dhAra meM badala gaIM aura pUrI mUrti kA abhiSeka ho gayA tathA pavitra abhiSeka -dUdha pahAr3I para baha nikalA aura usa dugdha-dhArA se hI 'kalyANI sarovara' kA pAnI dugdha- jaisA dhavala ho gayA / idhara jaba vRddhA ko DhUMDhA gayA to usakA kahIM bhI patA nahIM thA / AcArya nemicandra ne cAmuNDarAya ko batAyA ki 'itanI bar3I mUrti ke nirmANa para tumhAre mana meM jo garva ho gayA thA, use hI khaNDita karane ke lie kUSmANDinI devI ne vRddhA kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thaa|' isa vRddhA kI mUrti Aja bhI 'gullikA ajjI' ke nAma se bAhubalI prAkAra ke nikaTa hai / usake hAtha meM do bhAgoM vAlA pAtra usa (phala) kA pratIka hai| kahA jAtA hai ki cAmuNDarAya ne hI yaha mUrti banavAI thI / ( 4 ) zravaNabelagola meM Aja bhI kUSmANDinI devI kI mAnyatA hai / yadi kisI samaya varSA nahIM hotI hai aura sUkhe kI sambhAvanA dikhAI par3atI hai to sAre gA~va ke loga aura maTha ke bhaTTArakajI kUSmANDinI devI ke mandira meM jAkara vizeSa pUjana karate haiM jo ki 'heDige jAtre' kahalAtI hai / sabhI loga vahIM bhojana karate haiM, devI kI prArthanA ke bAda jaba vApasa Ate haiM to bhIgate hue vApasa Ate haiM / (5) bAhubalI kI mUrti ke nirmANa-kAla kI bAta hai / cAmuNDarAya ne zilpI ko yaha vacana diyA thA ki mUrti ko sUkSma AkAra pradAna karane meM vaha jitanA pASANa takSaNa karegA usake barAbara sonA use pArizramika ke rUpa meM diyA jAegA / usa sone kI pahalI khepa le jAkara zilpI ne jaba apanI mAtA ke sAmane rakhI to usake hAtha sone se hI cipaka gae / cintita mAtA daur3akara AcArya ke pAsa pahu~cI / unhoMne samAdhAna diyA ki lobha kI yaha karAmAta hai / mAtA ne lauTakara putra ko jhir3akA- " eka putra (cAmuNDarAya) to apanI mAtA ke lie svarNa se piNDa chur3A
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________________ 222 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) rahA hai aura kIrti kI ora unmukha ho rahA hai aura eka tU hai jo lobha meM pha~sA jA rahA hai|" zilpI ko mAtA kI bAta samajha meM A gaI, usake hAtha sone se chUTa gae aura vaha bhaktipUrvaka pratimA ke nirmANa meM tallIna rahane lgaa| (6) gommaTezvara-dvAra kI bAIM ora eka pASANa para zaka saMvata 1102 kA eka lambA zilAlekha hai jisameM kannar3a ke prasiddha kavi boppaNa ne gommaTa-jina kI mUrti kI sthApanA kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| usameM kavi ne eka daivI ghaTanA kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki eka dina AkAza se gommaTa-jina para 'nameru' puSpoM kI varSA huI jise sabhI ne dekhaa| isI prakAra "bhagavAna kI bhujAoM ke adhobhAga se nitya sugandha aura kezara ke samAna lAla jyoti kI AbhA nikalatI rahatI hai|" kavi boppaNa ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki koI bhI pakSI mUrti ke Upara se nahIM udd'taa| yaha to Aja bhI hara koI dekha sakatA hai ki koI bhI pakSI mati para nahIM baitthtaa| yadi atizaya nahIM hotA to eka hajAra varSoM meM kitane pakSiyoM ne ise mailA kara diyA hotaa| usa para ghoMsale yA madhumakkhI ke chatte banate-bigar3ate rahate / kintu mAnava se hIna buddhivAle pakSiyoM ne bhI mUrti kI pavitratA ko Aja taka banAe rakhA hai| paurANika evaM aitihAsika AkhyAna isa pavitra sthalI se sambandhita tIna pramukha AkhyAna haiM-1. RSabhadeva evaM bharatabAhubalI AkhyAna, 2. bhadrabAhu-candragupta AkhyAna aura 3. cAmuNDarAya evaM unake dvArA bAhubalI tiSThApanA sambandhI AkhyAna / RSabhadeva Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura bharata-bAhubalI kI kathA kA sambandha paurANika yuga se hai / AcArya jinasena ke 'AdipurANa' meM yaha kathA vistAra se varNita hai| 'AdipurANa' meM RSabhadeva kI stuti meM kahA gayA hai yo'bhUtpaJcadazo vibhuH kulabhRtAM tIrthezinAM cAgrimo, dRSTo yena manuSyajIvanavidhimuktezca mArgo mahAn / bodho rodhavimuktavRttirakhilo yasyodapAdyantimaH, sa zrImAn janako'khilAvanipaterAdyaH sa dadyAcchyim / / 47-401 // ___ arthAt jo kulakaroM meM pandrahaveM kulakara the, tIrthaMkaroM meM prathama tIrthaMkara the, jinhoMne mAnavoM kI jIvikA kA tathA mukti kA mahAn mArga dekhA thA (batAyA thA), jinheM AvaraNarahita antima jJAna (kevalajJAna) prApta huA aura jo sampUrNa pRthvI ke adhipati (cakravartI bharata) ke pitA the,
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 223 ve tuma sabako lakSmI pradAna kareM / jahA~ taka RSabhadeva se karnATaka kA sambandha hai, purANoM meM ullekha hai ki eka rAjA ke rUpa meM RSabhadeva ne jaba pRthvI kA zAsana karanA svIkAra kiyA to unhoMne sabase pahale apane sampUrNa rAjya ko grAma, pura aura pradezoM meM vibhAjita kiyA / usa samaya unhoMne aMga, baMga, puNDra, kAzI, kaliMga, magadha Adi ke sAtha-sAtha koMkaNa, karnATaka, kerala Adi pradezoM kI sImAoM kA nirmANa bhI kiyA thA / yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki RSabhadeva ne apanI putrI brAhmI ko lipi-vidyA meM pAraMgata kiyA thA / brAhmI ne taba jina 18 akSaroM kA AviSkAra kiyA unameM se kucha akSara kannar3a ke bhI haiM / aisA bhI ullekha hai ki vairAgya ke bAda RSabhadeva ne ghora tapasyA kI thI / ve eka varSa taka nirAhAra rahe, unakI jaTAe~ bar3ha gaIM aura ve zIta-tApa Adi saba kucha sahana kara logoM ko - Atma-kalyANa kA upadeza dete hue nagara-nagara, gA~va-gA~va ghUme, parvatoM para tapasyA kI aura janakalyANa meM nirantara lage rahe / taba unake upadezoM kA dakSiNa bhArata ke pradezoM para bhI vizeSa prabhAva par3A thA / jaina aura vaidika donoM hI paramparAoM meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI mAnyatA rahI hai / sAthahI, isa bAta kA bhI samarthana hotA hai ki RSabhadeva ke upadezoM kA koMkaNa, veMkaTAdri (pradeza), kuTaka pradeza (dakSiNa ke eka prAcIna pradeza kA nAma) tathA dakSiNa karnATaka pradeza meM paryApta prabhAva par3A thA aura vahA~ ke jaina (arhat) rAjA unakI janakalyANakArI mAnyatAoM kA pracAra karane meM apanI saphalatA mAnate the / inhIM yugAdi puruSa, kRSi-yuga ke prArambhakartA, prathama bhUpati, prathama yogI aura prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke aneka jJAtanAma putra the bharata aura bAhubalI / bharata- bAhubalI kA hiMsArahita yuddha RSabhadeva dvArA ayodhyA kA rAjya die jAne ke bAda samrATa bharata nItipUrvaka prajApAlana karane lge| kucha kAla ke bAda unheM eka sAtha tIna sukhada samAcAra mile| sabase prathama to unheM jJAta huA ki unake pUjya pitA ko 'kevalajJAna' prApta huA hai / ise 'dharma' kA phala mAna unhoMne kailAza parvata para jAkara RSabhadeva kI pUjA kii| dUsarA mahattvapUrNa samAcAra yaha thA ki unheM 'putraratna' kI prApti huI hai / ise 'kAma' kA phala mAna unhoMne aura nagaravAsiyoM ne khUba utsava mnaayaa| tIsarA zubha samAcAra yaha thA ki unakI AyudhazAlA meM 'cakraratna' kI utpatti huI hai / ise 'artha' kA phala mAna bharata ne usakI bhI pUjA kI aura utsava mnaayaa| usa samaya unake mantriyoM tathA senApatiyoM ne parAmarza diyA ki yaha cakra unake cakravartitva ko sUcita karatA hai aura unheM digvijaya ke lie prasthAna karanA cAhie / mahArAja bharata kI svIkRti milate hI, tumulanAda karane vAle nagAr3oM kI ghoSaNA ke sAtha bharata kI senA ne digvijaya ke lie kUca kara diyaa| bharata kA cakraratna senA ke Age-Age cala rahA thaa| sainyabala aura rAjA bharata ne sabase pahale pUrva dizA kI ora prasthAna kara gaMgA nadI -
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________________ 224 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kSetra ko sahaja hI vijita kara liyaa| vahA~ ke rAjAoM ne upahAra Adi bheMTakara unheM praNAma kara unakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lii| aneka nadiyoM ko pAra kara unhoMne gaMgA kI vedI para se samudra ko dekhaa| vizAla upasamUdra meM bhI unakA ratha praveza kara gyaa| vahA~ ke devoM (rAjAoM) ko vaza meM karane ke lie unhoMne canI huI senA apane sAtha lii| jaba unakA bANa magadhadeva kI sabhA meM pahu~cA to usane usa para 'bharata' kA nAma dekhakara pahale to yuddha kI ThAnI kintu bAda meM unakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lii| pUrva dizA meM vijaya ke bAda, bharata ne samudra ke kinAre-kinAre dakSiNa dizA kI ora kUca kiyaa| unake eka ora lavaNasamudra thA to dUsarI ora upsmudr| una donoM ke bIca meM unakI senA tIsare samudra kI bhA~ti mAlUma par3atI thii| aneka choTe-choTe rAjAoM ne unheM praNAma kara unakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lii| unheM ina rAjAoM ne hAthI, dhana Adi bheMTa meM die the| unake ghor3oM ne pampA sarovara (Adhunika hampI) ko pAra kiyA thaa| aneka dvIpoM ke rAjAoM ne unakI adhInatA svIkAra kI thii| bharatane kerala, cera aura punnAga dezoM ke rAjAoM ko bhI apane adhIna kiyA thaa| 'AdipurANa' ke racayitA jinasenAcArya ke zabdoM meM, bharata kI dakSiNa-vijaya, godAvarI aura kiSkindhA (Ajakala hampI) kSetra ko pArakara prayANa aura vijaya kA varNana isa prakAra hai __ "prakaTa rUpa se dhAraNa kiye hue ADambaroM se jinakA veSa vikaTa tathA zUravIratA ko utpanna karanevAlA hai, jinheM haldI, tAmbUla aura aMjana bahuta priya haiM, tathA prAyaHkara yaza hI jinakA dhana hai aise 'karNATaka deza' ke rAjAoM ko; jo kaThina prahAra karane meM siddhahasta haiM, jo bar3e kRpaNa haiM aura jo kevala zarIra kI apekSA hI pASANa ke samAna kaThora nahIM haiM kintu hRdaya kI apekSA bhI pASANa ke samAna kaThora haiM aise 'Andhra deza' ke rAjAoM ko; jinheM prAyaH jhUTha bolanA priya nahIM hai aura jinakI ceSTAe~ kuTila haiM, aise 'cola deza ke rAjAoM ko, madhura goSThI karane meM pravINa tathA saralatApUrvaka vArtAlApa karane vAle 'kerala deza' ke rAjAoM ko; jinake bhujadaNDa atyanta baliSTha haiM, jinhoMne zatruoM ke samUha naSTa kara diye haiM, jinheM hAthI bahuta priya haiM aura jo yuddha meM prAyaH dhanuSa tathA bhAlA Adi zastroM kA adhikatA se prayoga karate haiM aise 'pANDya deza' ke rAjAoM ko aura jinhoMne pratikUla khar3e hokara apanA parAkrama dikhalAyA hai aise anya deza ke rAjAoM ko senApati ne apanI vijayI senA ke dvArA AkramaNa kara apane adhIna kiyA thaa|" dakSiNa kI vijaya ke bAda bharata kI senA ne dakSiNa samudra kI ora prayANa kiyA thaa| vahA~ ke varatanu dvIpa ko bhI bharata ne vijita kiyaa| ___ dakSiNa dizA ke bAda bharata ne pazcima dizA ke dezoM ko bhI jItakara apane adhIna kiyaa| uttara dizA ko vijaya-yAtrA karate hue cakravartI bharata vijayArdha parvata taka jA phuNce| isa prakAra samasta pRthvI evaM mleccha khaNDoM ko jItakara ve ayodhyA lauTe / mArga meM unhoMne kailAza-parvata para RSabhadeva kI bhI vandanA kii| ayodhyA meM bharata kA cakra avaruddha digvijaya ke bAda jaba bharata ayodhyA vApasa Aye to unake cakra ne ayodhyA meM praveza
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 225 hI nahIM kiyA, vaha nagara ke bAhara hI ruka gayA / cakravartI, senApati, mantrI, purohita aura nagaravAsI sabhI Azcaryamizrita cintA meM par3a ge| bharata ke pUchane para nimittajJAnI ne batAyA ki jaba taka pUrI taraha digvijaya nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka cakra rAjadhAnI meM praveza kara vizrAma nahIM legaa| cakravartI ko jaba yaha jJAta huA ki abhI unake sabhI ninyAnave bhAiyoM aura bAhubalI ne unheM namaskAra nahIM kiyA hai, ve cintita ho uThe / isa para bharata ko parAmarza diyA gayA ki ve zAntipUrNa samAdhAna ke rUpa meM apane bhAiyoM ke pAsa patra evaM bheMTa sahita dUta bhejeM jo unheM samajhAye ki cakravartI kI adhInatA svIkAra karane meM hI unakA hita hai| mahArAja bharata ne vaisA hI kiyaa| bharata ke dUta jaba unake ninyAnaveM bhAiyoM ke pAsa pahu~ce to sabhI kA yaha ekamata uttara thA-"yaha rAjyarUpI aizvarya hamAre pitA kA diyA huA hai| hama unakI hI AjJA kA pAlana kara sakate haiN| bar3e bhAI bharata pUjya avazya haiM kintu hama apane pitA RSabhadeva ke AdezAnusAra hI cleNge|" anta meM bharata ke svAbhimAnI bhAiyoM ne kailAza para RSabhadeva ke pAsa jAkara unase dIkSA le lii| podanapura meM bharata kA dUta bAhubalI ke bAre meM bharata ko vizeSa cintA thI / unheM sAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda se bhI vaza meM karanA kaThina lagA, ataH unhoMne komala vacanoM dvArA prayatna karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura niHsRSTArtha dUta (jise svAmI kA kArya siddha karane ke sabhI adhikAra die jAte haiM) bhejaa| dUta jaba podanapura pahu~cA to rAjasabhA meM U~ce-pUre, sudRr3ha zarIra vAle kAntimAna bAhubalI ko dekha pahale to vaha ghabar3AyA kintu praNAma kara kucha Azvasta haa| bAhabalI ke pUchane para duta ne bar3I vinamratApUrvaka kahA, "hama to kevala svAmI kA sandeza lAye haiN| hamArA yahI anurodha hai ki cakravartI ne jo AjJA dI hai use Apa svIkAra kara leN| mahArAja bharata rAjAoM meM prathama haiM, Apake bar3e bhAI haiM, devatA aura sabhI nRpagaNa bhI unheM namaskAra karate haiM, mlecchoM ne bhI unakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lI hai| samudra-taTavartI pradezoM aura pRthvI para unhoMne vijaya pAI hai / kintu unake bhAI hI yadi unheM svAmI mAna praNAma na kareM, yaha zobhA nahIM detaa| AjJA nahIM mAnanevAloM ke lie unake pAsa cakraratna bhI hai !" yaha suna bAhubalI kucha muskarAe aura bole, "dUta, tU sacamuca apane svAmI kA hitasAdhaka hai| dUta hai isalie tere vacanoM ke lie bhI kSamA kiyaa|" isake bAda unakA svara dhIre-dhIre prakhara hone lgaa| unhoMne Aveza meM Ate hue kahanA prArambha kiyA, "dUta, kyA tU nahIM jAnatA ki pratApI puruSa ke prati sAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda kA prayoga vyartha hai| are, aMkuza hAthI para hI cala sakatA hai, siMha para nhiiN| ThIka hai ki bharata mujhase bar3e haiN| yaha bhI ThIka hai ki jyeSTha bhrAtA namaskAra karane yogya haiM kintu yadi vaha talavAra sira para laTakAe~ to kaisA namaskAra ? pitA RSabhadeva ne unheM bhI rAjA banAyA aura mujhe bhii| aba vaha mahArAjAdhirAja ho gaye to kyA huA ? 'bharata ke mana meM lobha samA gayA hai, vaha pitA RSabhadeva kI dI huI pRthvI mujhase chInanA cAhate haiM ataH lobha kA pratikAra karanA hogaa| jAo, kaha denA apane svAmI se, 'mujhe parAjita
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________________ 226 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kie binA vaha sampUrNa pRthvI kA upabhoga nahIM kara sakate / maiM apane adhikAra kI rakSA ke lie yuddha kA nimantraNa detA huuN|" aura vaha bhujabalI (bAhubalI) madonmatta hAthiyoM evaM anya senA ke sAtha pahale hI raNabhUmi meM jA pahu~ce / ahiMsaka yuddha aura bAhubalI ko vairAgya dUta ke vApasa lauTane para ayodhyA meM bhI nagAr3e baja utthe| paidala, ghor3e, hAthI, ratha, vidyAdhara aura deva isa taraha chaha prakAra kI senA. anya rAjAoM kI senA tathA cakraratna ke sAtha pahu~ca gii| donoM ora se vyaha kI racanA huii| bharata aura bAhubalI bhI Amane-sAmane A khar3e hue| usa samaya donoM aise lagate the mAno do siMha Amane-sAmane khar3e hoN| yuddhasthala kA vAtAvaraNa bar3A bhayAvanA thaa| donoM ora ke vRddha mantriyoM ke ceharoM para aneka prakAra ke bhAva A-jA rahe the| unhoMne apane svAmiyoM se AjJA lekara Apasa meM vicAravimarza kiyaa| apane-apane svAmiyoM ke parAkrama kI prazaMsA kara cukane ke bAda sabakI rAya anta meM isaprakAra banI-"yaha yuddha na to prajA ke kalyANa ke lie hai aura na hI sevakoM kI bhalAI ke lie / zAnti bhI isa yuddha kA dhyeya nahIM hai / kevala do bhAiyoM ke mAna-svAbhimAna kA prazna hai| donoM ke bala kI parIkSA anya prakAra se bhI ho sakatI hai| kyoM na ye donoM hI dRSTiyuddha, jalayaddha aura mallayaddha dvArA apanI zreSThatA kA nirNaya kara leM ! senAoM ke yuddha meM bhArI nara-saMhAra kyoM ho?" mantriyoM ne zAntipUrvaka donoM bhAiyoM ko samajhAyA ki ukta tIna prakAra ke yuddha Apasa meM kara hAra-jIta kA phaisalA kara leN| bar3I kaThinAI se bharata aura bAhubalI mantriyoM ke isa prastAva para sahamata hue| sahamati prApta hote hI mantriyoM ne dharmayuddha kI ghoSaNA kara dii| nirNAyaka niyukta kara die ge| * Arambha ke donoM dRSTiyuddha aura jalayuddha meM bAhubalI kI vijaya huI / anta meM mallayuddha kI ghoSaNA huii| bAhubalI kI atulita balazAlI bhujAoM ne bharata ko Upara uThAkara. cAroM dizAoM meM ghumAkara, dharatI para pachAr3anA cAhA ki tabhI unheM ekAeka isa dharA kI nirarthakatA kA bodha ho aayaa| unhoMne bharata ko dhIre se utArA aura sammAna sahita dharatI para khar3A kara diyaa| bAhubalI se tInoM yuddhoM meM parAjita bharata lajjA se gar3a gaye, kintu dUsare hI kSaNa kucale hue phaNavAle kruddha bhuMjaga kI taraha ve pratihiMsA se ubala pdd'e| krodha ke Aveza meM viveka tirohita ho gyaa| unhoMne bAhubalI para amogha cakra calA diyaa| usa samaya unheM yaha bhI yAda nahIM rahA ki svataH saMcAlita yaha cakra bandhu-bAndhavoM kA ghAta nahIM krtaa| vaha yaha bhUla hI gae ki unakA yaha anuja mokSagAmI zalAkApuruSa hai, aise uttama zarIra kA asamaya avasAna kara de, kAla meM aisI sAmarthya khaaN| pariNAma yaha haA ki cakra bAhabalI kI parikramA kara vApasa A gyaa| cakra ke lauTate hI bharata kI svAbhAvika cetanA lauTa aaii| krodha ke sthAna para aba pazcAttApa kI bhAvanA se unakA mana abhibhUta ho uThA / apane isa kukRtya ke lie ve kSamAyAcanA hetu do paga bar3hakara bAhubalI ke samakSa natamastaka khar3e ho ge| idhara bAhubalI kA komala hRdaya bharata ke manastApa se dravita ho utthaa| zAnta mana se
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 227 unhoMne bharata ko sambodhana diyA-"tumhArA kucha doSa nahIM, bhaiyaa| kaSAya kA udreka aisA hI dunivAra hotA hai| parigraha kI lipsA anarthoM kI jar3a hai| para-svAmitva kI lAlasA hI hamArI paratantratA hai| hameM paratantratA kA yaha dukhada bandhana tor3anA hI hogaa| hamane rAjya tyAga kara dIkSA lene kA nirNaya le liyA hai| hamAre kAraNa tumheM itanA saMkleza huA, isa aparAdha ke lie hameM kSamA kara denA / tumhAre cakra ko AyudhazAlA taka jAne meM aba koI bAdhA nahIM hogii| ayodhyA kA siMhAsana apane svAmI kI pratIkSA kara rahA hai|" (gomaTeza gAthA) anta meM sabhI bandhu-bAndhavoM ko sambodhita kara zAnta-gambhIra yogIza bAhubalI ne nIcI dRSTi kie manda gati se vana kI ora paga bar3hA die| - muni-dIkSA lekara bAhubalI kaThora tapazcaraNa meM lIna ho ge| eka varSa kA pratimA-yoga dhAraNa kara ve dhyAna mudrA meM khar3e ge| unake caraNoM meM sA~poM ne bA~biyA~ banA liiN| unakI deha para latAe~ car3ha AIM, para ve ina sabase vicalita nahIM hue| lekina jaba kabhI unake antas meM eka halkI-sI TIsa-'maiM bharata ke saMkleza kA kAraNa banA'-uThatI thI jo unake kevalajJAna ke utpanna hone meM bAdhaka ho rahI thii| anta meM jaba bharata apanI donoM bahanoM brAhmI aura sundarI ke sAtha vana meM bAhubalI ke darzana karane ke lie pahu~ce aura savinaya vandanA kara sambodhita kiyA ki tabhI bAhubalI kI vaha TIsa ekAeka tirohita ho gaI aura unheM kevalajJAna ho gyaa| bAhubalI ne pRthvI para vihAra kara saMsAra ko apane vacana-rUpI amRta se dhanya kiyA aura anta meM kailAza parvata se hI, RSabhadeva se bhI pahale, nirvANa-lAbha kiyaa| bAhubalI kI smRti-paramparA atyanta prAcIna kAla se bAhubalI kI smRti paramparA meM isalie surakSita nahIM banI rahI ki unhoMne apane zArIrika bala ke AdhAra para eka balavAn cakravartI para vijaya prApta kI, balki isalie ki unhoMne rAjalakSmI se zivalakSmI (mokSa kI prApti) ko adhika ucita mAnA thaa| apane svAbhimAna aura svatantratA kI rakSA ke lie unhoMne saba kucha ghAsa ke tinake kI taraha tuccha samajhakara tyAga diyaa| usa bhujabalI ne apanI vIratA pradarzita karake yaha bhI siddha kara diyA ki 'kSamA vIrasya bhUSaNam' arthAt kevala vIra, sAmarthyavAna kSamA kara sakatA hai| zAyada isI kAraNa, vizeSakara karnATaka meM rAjAoM, senApatiyoM ne unakI bar3I-bar3I pratimAeM sthApita kraaii| AcArya bhadrabAhu aura samrATa candragupta maurya zravaNabelagola kA aitihAsika paricaya AcArya bhadrabAhu aura samrATa candragupta maurya ke candragiri para Agamana, tapasyA aura samAdhi se prArambha hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha zrotA/zreNika bimbisAra rAjagRha meM rAjya karate the| unake putra ajAtazatru ne rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| usake putra udAyi ne kusumapura (Adhunika paTanA) ko rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| unake zizunAka vaMza kA anta karanevAle nandavaMza ke rAjAoM kA zAsana
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________________ 228 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) mahAvIra nirvANa ke 60 varSa bAda prArambha huaa| ye rAje jaina the| ur3IsA ke khaNDagiri-udayagiri meM Aja bhI maujUda samrAT khAravela ke I. pU. 150 ke zilAlekha meM spaSTa hai ki 'kaliMgajina' (RSabhadeva kI kaliMga meM atyanta mAnya) mUrti ko nandarAjA (nandivardhana) uThA le gayA thA jise khAravela vApasa lAyA thaa| ina nandarAjAoM ne 155 varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| antima nandarAjA dhanananda atyanta lobhI ho gayA thA aura prajA usase asantuSTa thii| use haTAkara IsA se 322 varSa pUrva candragupta prathama maurya rAjA ke rUpa meM magadha sAmrAjya kI gaddI para baitthaa| - candragupta maurya dvArA apane rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI kahAnI atyanta romAMcaka hai| usake pramukha pAtra haiM-1. candragupta maurya, 2. cANakya, 3. AcArya govardhana tathA 4. AcArya bhadrabAhu / inake jIvana-vivaraNa para dRSTi DAlane se candragiri (zravaNabelagola) kA mahattva samajhA jA sakatA haiN| zravaNabelagola kI pahAr3I (candragiri) Aja bhI jisakI smRti banAe hue hai vaha candragupta moriyavaMzI kSatriyoM kI rAjadhAnI pippali-vana (nepAla kI tarAI) meM janmA thaa| usakA vaMza 'moriya' kahalAtA thA jo ki kSatriya thaa| isa nagara ke vAsI mora ke paMkhoM kA vyavasAya karate the| ve 'mayUra poSaka' kahalAte the aura apane gharoM para bhI raMga-biraMge mora citrita karate the| mahAvIra ke eka gaNadhara bhI mauryaputra kahalAte the| spaSTa hai ki samrATa candragupta maurya kSatriya thA, jainadharmAnuyAyI thA aura sambhavataH isI kAraNa jainetara sAhitya meM usake jIvana kA antima bhAga (muni hone kI ghaTanA) likhA hI nahIM gayA aura usa sAhitya meM eka hajAra varSa taka usakI carcA upekSita rhii| cANakya-candragupta saMyoga yaha sarvavidita hai ki candragupta maurya ko magadha-sAmrAjya kA samrATa banAne meM cANakya kI pramukha bhUmikA thii| cANakya ke janma kI anuzruti bhI romAMcaka hai| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki cANakya kA janma IsA se 375 varSa pUrva huA thaa| unake aneka nAma batAe jAte haiM, jinameM cANakya, kauTilya yA viSNugupta aura 'drAmila' prasiddha haiM / unake jIvana kI kathA aneka jaina aura janetara granthoM meM pAI jAtI hai / jaina granthoM meM unake jIvana ke antima bhAga kA bhI vRttAnta milatA hai| __ jaina paramparA yaha sUcita karatI hai ki cANakya kA gotra kuTala thaa| isa kAraNa unakA nAma kauTalya yA kauTilya pdd'aa| ___ san 931 I. meM racita 'bRhatkathAkoSa' meM unheM pATaliputra meM utpanna evaM pitA kapila evaM mAtA devilA brAhmaNI kA putra batAyA gayA hai| kucha loga unheM takSazilA kA nivAsI batAte haiN| 'Avazyakaniyukti cUNi' nAmaka eka grantha meM kahA gayA hai ki bihAra ke golla janapada ke caNaya gA~va meM unakA janma huA thA aura unake brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA kA nAma caNezvarI tathA caNaka thaa| isI kAraNa ve cANakya khlaae| unake mAtA-pitA jaina dharma ke bhakta batAe gae haiM (aise aneka udAharaNa milate haiN)| jaba cANakya kA janma huA taba unake muMha meM dA~ta the| prazna
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 229 karane para unheM kisI jaina sAdhu ne batAyA ki ye dA~ta yaha sUcita karate haiM ki unakA putra rAjA banegA / mAtA-pitA dhArmika the / ve nahIM cAhate the ki SaDyantroM se bharA rAjA kA jIvana unakA putra bhoge / isalie mAtA ne cANakya ke dA~ta ghisavA die| punaH sAdhu ne unheM batAyA ki rAjayoga kI jar3a (dA~toM kI) to maujUda hai / rAjA na sahI, unakA putra kisI ko rAjA banAkara rAjazakti kA upayoga karegA / bAlaka cANakya dhIre-dhIre aneka vidyAoM meM pAraMgata ho gayA / samaya Ane para yazomatI nAmaka kanyA se usakA vivAha ho gyaa| eka bAra usakI patnI apane bhAI ke vivAha meM mAyake gii| vahA~ usakI bahinoM evaM anya logoM ne use gahanoM, acche vastroM se hIna dekhakara usakI ha~sI udd'aaii| patnI ne saba bAteM cANakya ko btaayiiN| logoM ko zikSA dekara apanI jIvikA calAne vAle cANakya bhI dukhI hue| patnI ne salAha dI ki ve pATaliputra jAe~, vahA~ kA rAjA bahuta dAna detA hai / vahA~ pahu~cakara cANakya ne aneka paNDitoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA / unakI vidvattA se prabhAvita hokara dhanananda ne use apanI dAnazAlA kA adhyakSa niyukta kara diyA / cANakya kurUpa aura abhimAnI the / baiThane ke sthAna ko lekara rAjA kI dAsI ne unakA apamAna kara diyA aura yuvarAja bhI unase nArAja ho gyaa| basa isa para unhoMne yaha pratijJA kI T " sakozabhRtyaM sasuhatputraM sabalavAhanam / nandamunmUlayiSyAmi mahAvAyuriva drumam // " (jisa prakAra A~dhI bar3e-bar3e vRkSoM ko jar3a se ukhAr3a pheMkatI hai usI prakAra maiM bhI nandavaMza ko usake koza, bhRtya, mitra, putra, sainya tathA vAhana sahita ukhAr3a phekUMgA / ) yaha pratijJA kara unhoMne pATaliputra chor3a diyA / cANakya kI pratijJA kI eka kathA aura bhI pracalita hai| kisI samaya magadha para sImA - vartI kisI rAjA ne AkramaNa kiyA / nanda rAjA ne kAvI nAmaka mantrI ko Adeza diyA ki vaha AkramaNakArI rAjA ko dhana dekara vApisa lauTA de| kAvI ne aisA hI kiyaa| bAda meM rAjA ne koza khAlI dekhakara kAvI ko andhakUpa meM DAla diyA aura use kevala sattU tathA pAnI dene lagA / tIna varSa bAda phira AkramaNa huA to nanda rAjA ne phira kAvI ko isI kArya meM lagAyA / lekina kAvI mana-hI-mana badalA lene kI bAta socatA rahatA thA / eka dina usane cANakya ko nukIlI ghAsa ko jar3a se isalie ukhAr3a kara pheMkate dekhA ki usane usake paira meM ghAva kara diyA thaa| kAvI ne use apane kArya ke lie upayukta vyakti smjhaa| vaha rAjabhavana le gayA aura avasara pAkara eka dina usane dAnazAlA meM cANakya kA yojanAbaddha tarIke se apamAna karA diyA / pariNAma svarUpa cANakya ne nandavaMza ko ukhAr3a pheMkane kI pratijJA kara ddaalii| usI samaya candragupta se usakI bheMTa ho jAtI hai / ve donoM ghor3oM para dUra cale jAte haiN| sImAvartI rAjA unheM DhU~r3ha lete haiM aura unakI dhana saMcaya Adi meM madada kara nandavaMza kA anta karavAte haiM / pahalI kathA ke anusAra, cANakya ghUmate-ghAmate, candragupta ke gA~va pippalIvana pahu~cate haiM / vahA~ ve gA~va ke mukhiyA ke yahA~ Thaharate haiM / usakI garbhavatI putrI ko yaha icchA hotI hai ki vaha candramA kA pAna kare / cANakya ne yaha kaThina icchA pUrI karane ke lie eka thAlI meM pAnI bharavAyA aura eka AdamI ko chappara para isa hidAyata ke sAtha car3hA diyA ki vaha phUsa kI
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________________ 230 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) chappara meM apane hAtha se Ar3a kara candramA ke pratibimba ko thAlI meM kama karatA jAe / garbhavatI samajhI usane candrapAna kara liyA hai| jaba usake putra utpanna huA to usakA nAma candragupta rakhA gyaa| cANakya ne candrapAna kI zarta yaha rakhI thI ki agara putra hogA to vaha unake supurda kara diyA jAyegA / uparyukta ghaTanA ko ATha-dasa varSa bIta gaye / isa avadhi meM cANakya dhana-saMgraha karate rahe tAki nandavaMza ko naSTa kiyA jA ske| eka dina ve pippalIvana meM A nikle| vahA~ unhoMne baccoM ko 'rAjakIlam' nAmaka khela khelate dekhA / eka bAlaka rAjA banA huA thA aura nyAya kara rahA thA | cANakya ne bAlaka rAjA se dAna mA~gA / rAjA ne kahA, " sAmane jitanI gAya cara rahI haiM, unheM le jAo / " cANakya ne bAlaka rAjA se kahA, "kintu ye to ApakI nahIM haiN| mujhe daNDa milegA / " rAjA ne turanta uttara diyA, "yaha dAna rAjA candragupta ne kiyA hai / isa para koI Apatti nahIM kara sakatA / " khojabIna karane para cANakya ko patA calA ki yaha to kSatriya mukhiyA kI usI putrI kA putra hai jisakA dohada unhoMne pUrA kiyA thA / unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki ve ise nandavaMza ke nAza kA sAdhana banAe~ge / cANakya ne candragupta ko hara prakAra kI zikSA dI / kucha graMthoM ke anusAra, cANakya hI svayaM vidyAbhyAsa ke lie pATaliputra Aye the, kyoMki nanda rAjAoM ke samaya meM vaha nagara 'sarasvatI aura lakSmI kA nivAsa' thaa| jo bhI ho, cANakya ne candragupta zikSA kA vizeSa prayatna usameM rAjA ke lakSaNa dekhakara kiyA thA, aisA jAna par3atA hai / candragupta maurya ne aneka mahattvapUrNa saphalatAe~ prApta kI / unhoMne lagabhaga 25 varSa ( 322 I. pU. se 297 I. pU. taka) rAjya kiyA aura usake bAda rAjasiMhAsana apane putra bindusAra ko chor3A to zravaNabelagola se sadA ke lie unakA nAtA jur3a gayA / jana paramparAH candragupta kI muni dIkSA aura zravaNabelagola meM samAdhimaraNa saMskRta aura kannar3a jaina granthoM, zravaNabelagola tathA zrIraMgapaTTana ke zilAlekhoM meM spaSTa kathana hai ki samrAT candragupta maurya digambara jaina muni ho gaye the aura zravaNabelagola meM tapa karate hue unhoMne svecchA se apanA zarIra tyAgA thA arthAt samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| unake vairAgya ke sambandha meM jaina anuzruti saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai AcArya bhadrabAhu eka dina ujjayinI meM AhAra ke lie nikale / jaba eka dina sUne ghara ke sAmane ve pahu~ce to eka bAlaka ne unase kahA, "jAo, jAo / " isa para AcArya ne usase pUchA, "kitane dinoM ke lie ?" bAlaka ne uttara diyA, "bAraha barasa / " bhadrabAhu nimittajJAnI the / unhoMne jAnA ki bAraha barasa kA akAla par3ane vAlA hai aura yahA~ muni-dharma kA nirvAha kaThina ho jAegA / isalie unhoMne apane saMgha ko ekatra kiyA aura kahA, "isa kSetra meM varSA nahIM hone ke kAraNa bAraha varSa kA bahuta kaThina akAla par3egA / isalie Apa saba sAdhugaNa lavaNasamudra ke pAsa ke pradezoM meM ( lavaNAbdhi - sanIpatAm ) cale jAe~ / " hariSe kathAkoSa ( 931 I.) meM yaha likhA hai ki bhadravAhu vahIM raha gaye the / kintu ve bhI saMgha ke sAtha zravaNabelagola Aye the yaha aba aitihAsika tathya hai / candragupta ne jaba bhadrabAhu ke ye vacana sune to unhoMne bhI muni dIkSA le lI /
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 231 AcArya hariSeNa ne likhA hai bhadrabAhuvacaH zrutvA candragupto narezvaraH / asyaiva yoginaH pArve dadhau jainezvaraM tapaH // candraguptamuniH zIghra prathamo dazapUviNAm / sarvasaMghAdhipo jAto visaSAcAryasaMjJakaH / / anena saha saMgho'pi samasto guruvAkyataH / dakSiNApathadezasthapunnATaviSayaM yayau / / (bhadrabAhu ke vacana sunakara candragupta narezvara ne inhIM yogI se jainezvarI dIkSA le lii| dazapUrvo ke prathama jJAtA candragupta muni zIghra hI pUre saMgha ke nAyaka ho gaye aura aura unakA nAma vizAkhAcArya ho gayA (matAntara se prbhaacndr)| guru ke vacanoM ko sunakara samasta saMgha ina saMghapati ke sAtha dakSiNApatha deza ke punnATa janapada meM phuNcaa|) isI kathA meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki kucha muniyoM ne sindha kI ora vihAra kiyA aura ve zithilAcArI ho gye| yaha bhI anuzruti hai ki candragupta ne solaha svapna dekhe the (jaise-bAraha phaNa vAlA sarpa jisakA artha bAraha varSa kA akAla thA, kAle hAthiyoM kA yuddha jisakA Azaya thA ki megha vAMchita varSA nahIM kareMge, Adi / ) pUche jAne para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne una svapnoM kA phala azubha batAyA aura akAla kI sambhAvanA vyakta kii| niSkarSa yaha ki AcArya bhadrabAha dvArA bAraha varSa ke akAla kI saMbhAvanA vyakta karane para candragupta ne rAjapATa chor3a diyA aura ve muni ho gye| kucha itihAsakAra jaina anuzruti ko satya mAnakara isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki candragupta maurya ne apane jIvana ke antima samaya meM jaina muni-dIkSA le lI thii| ina itihAsakAroM meM vinseMTa smitha aura pro. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI pramukha haiN| zrI ema. esa. rAmasvAmI AyaMgAra ne bhI apanI pustaka 'sTaDIz2a ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma' meM yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki zravaNabelagola meM candragupta ne bhadrabAhu ke bAda bAraha varSa tapa karate hue zarIra tyAgA ise eka aitihAsika tathya mAnA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra isa jaina anazruti meM, ki bAraha varSa kA akAla par3A thA, avizvAsa karane kA koI kAraNa hI nahIM hai| aura bhI aise aneka pramANa haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki candragupta ne bhaviSyavANI sunate hI jina-dIkSA nahIM lI apitu akAla se prajA kI rakSA ke sabhI upAya kara, use subhikSa dezoM meM pahu~cAkara, apanI Ayu alpa jAnakara sambhavataH zravaNabelagola meM ho dIkSA lI / AcArya bhadrabAhu ne use apane pAsa rakha liyA aura zeSa muniyoM ke nirvAha kI cintA se candragupta ko mukta karane ke lie, pUre muni-saMgha ko aura bhI dakSiNa ke pradeza meM bheja diyaa| isa prakAra isa 'narezvara' ne rAjadharma aura Atmadharma donoM ko rakSA kii| jaina anuzruti kA yahI artha honA cAhie ki candragupta anta meM jAkara muni ho gye| unhoMne apane rugNa guru bhadrabAhu kI eka varSa taka sevA kii| unake nirvANa ke bAda aura bAraha varSa taka ve muni rUpa meM zravaNabelagola kI usa choTI pahAr3I para Atma-sAdhanA karate rahe jo unhIM ke nAma para candragiri kahalAtI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki unake putra bindusAra ne candragiri para kucha mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa|
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________________ 232 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) isI prakAra samrATa azoka ne bhI apane pitAmaha kI tapobhUmi candragiri kI yAtrA kI thii| jaina paramparA aura zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha yaha ullekha karate haiM ki AcArya bhadrabAha aura candragapta maurya donoM hI ne candragiri para tapasyA kI thii|... zravaNabelagola ke lagabhaga 600 I. ke zilAlekha meM bhadrabAhu aura prabhAcandra kA ullekha hai| karIba 650 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM 'bhadrabAhu-candragupta-munIndrayugma' kahA gayA hai| zaka saMvat 1085 ke eka anya lekha meM 'bhadrabAhu ke candra prakAzojjvala ziSya candragupta' kathana kiyA gayA hai| I. san 1163 yA zaka saMvat 1050 ke zilAlekha meM bhadrabAhu-candragupta kA ullekha kara kahA gayA hai ki vanadevatA bhI candragupta kI sevA kiyA karate the| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki muni rUpa meM bhadrabAhu aura candragupta ne eka hI samaya meM zravaNabelagola meM tapasyA kI thii| AcArya govardhana evaM AcArya bhadrabAhu zravaNabelagola kI candagapta basadi meM patthara kI jAlI se yukta 90 pASANa-phalakoM para AcArya govardhana, AcArya bhadrabAhu ke vihAra aura candragupta ke muni hone kI kathA utkIrNa kI gaI hai| isalie ina donoM AcAryoM (jo candragupta ke samakAlIna the) ke jIvana kA saMkSipta vRttAnta bhI jAna lenA caahie| antima jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA nirvANa Aja se (1988 I. meM) 2515 varSa pUrva yA IsvI san se 527 pahale huA thaa| ina caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara ne koI grantharacanA nahIM kI kintu unake atyanta pratibhAzAlI ziSyoM yA gaNadharoM ne mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko sunakara jina granthoM kI racanA kI ve zruta (sune hae) kahalAte haiM / isa prakAra sampUrNa jJAna ke dhArI tIna kevalI mahAvIra ke pazcAta hae haiN| ye haiM-gautama, sudharmA aura jmbuusvaamii| inakA kAla 62 varSa hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko bAraha aMgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA thaa| kevala inhIM kA jJAna rakhane vAle AcArya 'zrutakevalI' kahalAe / ye pA~ca hue haiM aura inakA kula samaya 100 varSa hai| viSNukumAra, nandimitra aura aparAjita ke bAda, cauthe zrutakevalI govardhanAcArya hue haiM / antima tathA pA~caveM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu the| govardhanAcArya ke sambandha meM yaha ullekha pAyA jAtA hai ki eka bAra ve bAisaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI nirvANabhUmi Urjayantagiri (Ajakala kA giranAra parvata) kI vandanA ke uddezya se vihAra karate hue apane muni-saMtra ke sAtha puNDravardhana deza ke koTinagara meM padhAre / vahA~ unhoMne eka udyAna meM eka bAlaka ko eka ke Upara eka goTiyA~ rakhate dekhaa| usakI isa pratibhA ko dekhakara unhoMne yaha dhAraNA banAI ki yaha bAlaka kisI dina 'taponidhi' evaM zrutakevalI hogaa| isa bAlaka kA nAma bhadrabAhu thaa| vaha koTipura, jisakA purAnA nAma devakoTTa thA, ke rAjA padmaratha ke dvija somazarmA aura somazrI kA pUtra thaa| govardhanAcArya usa bAlaka ke pitA ke pAsa gae aura unase vaha bAlaka apane saMrakSaNa meM mA~ga liyaa| pitA ne AcArya ko use apane sAtha le jAne kI anumati de dii| govardhanAcArya ne use 'nAnAzAstrArthakovida' bnaadiyaa| unakA vaha ziSya punaH apane pitA ke pAsa AyA aura dIkSA le lene kI unase anumati prApta kii| govardhanAcArya ke sAtha rahakara bhadrabAhu 'mahAvairAgyasampanna' aura jJAna meM tIvrabuddhi ho gae aura
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 233 thor3e hI samaya meM unhoMne zruta kA sampUrNa jJAna prAta kara liyaa| yaha kArya sampanna hone ke bAda govardhanAcArya divaMgata ho ge| aba taka bhadrabAhu eka mahAn yogI ke rUpa meM pUjya ho cuke the / ve dharma kA upadeza dekara sabhI kA AtmakalyANa karane lage / kAlAntara meM vihAra karate hue ve avantI pradeza kI ujjayinI nagarI meM siprA nadI ke taTa para upavana meM pdhaare| vahIM ina mahAmuni ke darzana narezvara candragupta ne kie| isase Age kI kathA 'candragupta prakaraNa' meM likhI jA cukI hai / bhadrabAhu ke caritra kA varNana saMskRta ke "bRhatkathAkoSa', 'bhadrabAhucaritra', aura kannaDa ke 'munivaMzAbhyudaya', 'vaDDArAdhane' aura 'rAjAvalikathe' meM varNita hai / samrAT candragupta ke bAda unake putra bindusAra aura unake putra azoka (mahAn) hue / azoka ke putra kuNAla ke andhe kara die jAne para, kuNAla ke putra samprati ne lagabhaga 50 varSa taka zAsana kiyaa| isa avadhi meM usane bahuta se stambhoM para lekha khudavAe evaM rAjya ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jinamandira banavAe, vizeSakara rAjasthAna aura saurASTra meN| ujjaina meM usakA putra zAlizuka rAjA huaa| usane aura usakI saMtati ne IsA pUrva 164 taka rAjya kiyA / usake bAda vahA~ maurya vaMza kA anta ho gayA / isI prakAra magadha meM antima maurya rAjA brahadratha kI usake brAhmaNa mantrI puSpamitra zuMga ne hatyA kara dI aura vahA~ bhI maurya sAmrAjya kA anta ho gayA / maurya sAmrAjya ke bAda, karnATaka pradeza pratiSThAnapura ( paiThana) ke sAtavAhana rAjAoM ke adhikAra meM IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI meM A gyaa| tIsarI zatAbdI meM yaha kSetra banavAsi ke kadamboM ke zAsana meM AyA / kintu 350 I. ke Asa-pAsa jainAcArya siMhanandi kI sahAyatA se gaMgavaMza kA zAsana bhI karnATaka meM prArambha huaa| isa vaMza ne 1040 I. taka prabhAvI DhaMga se rAjya kiyA / isI vaMza ke zAsaka rAcamalla ke mantrI evaM senApati cAmuNDarAya ne 981 I. meM bAhubalI kI vizAla pratimA zravaNabelagola meM pratiSThita kraaii| gaMgavaMza ke bAda zravaNabelagola kA sambandha anya rAjavaMzoM jaise rASTrakUTa, hoysala, vijayanagara, maisUra ke oDeyara zAsakoM tathA karnATaka kI vartamAna prajAtantrIya zAsana vyavasthA se bhI rahA hai / isakA ullekha yathAsthala isa pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai| gaMgarAja rAcamalla ke mantrI evaM senApati cAmuNDarAya gomaTezvara kI vizAla pratimA pratiSThApita karAnevAle mahApuruSa cAmuNDarAya the / ye gaMgavaMzI rAjA rAcamalla ke mantrI evaM senApati the / gaMgavaMza ke rAjAoM ne maisUra (mahiSamaNDala) aura usake Asa-pAsa ke pradezoM para lagabhaga eka haz2Ara varSa taka rAjya kiyA aura jainadharma ke pracAraprasAra ke sAtha hI aneka jinamandiroM Adi kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| inakA zAsana karnATaka meM jainadharma kA svarNayuga mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakhyAta vaMza kI sthApanA evaM anya dhArmika kAryoM kA ullekha aneka zilAlekhoM evaM tAmrapatroM meM pAyA jAtA hai / zimogA jile ke kallUguDDa ke siddhezvara mandira ke 1121 I. ke eka lambe zilAlekha meM jainAcArya siMhanandi dvArA isa vaMza kI sthApanA evaM usake uttarAdhikAriyoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| usake anusAra yaha vaMza mUlarUpa
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________________ 234 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) se uttara bhAratIya thA / inake pUrvaja rAjA viSNugupta ne bhagavAna neminAtha ke nirvANa para aindradhvaja pUjA kI thI / kAlAntara meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna hone para isa vaMza ke priyabandhu rAjA ne unakI pUjA kI thI / vaMza bar3hatA gayA / usI vaMza meM padmanAbha rAjA ke zAsana kAla meM ujjayinI ke rAjA mahipAla ne acAnaka usa para AkramaNa kiyaa| isa avasara para rAjA padmanAbha ne apane do putroM mAdhava aura daDiga ko dakSiNa kI ora bheja diyaa| calate-calate ve donoM perUra nAmaka tAlAba aura suramya pahAr3I ke pAsa pahu~ce / vahA~ unheM eka caityAlaya dikhAI diyA / unhoMne jina - vandanA kI aura vahIM unheM AcArya siMhanandi ke darzana hue| donoM bhAiyoM ne AcArya kI vinaya kI aura apane Ane kA vRttAnta unheM sunAyA / AcArya ne unheM honahAra jAnakara vidyAoM meM pravINa kiyA aura padmAvatI se unake lie vara prApta kiyaa| eka dina munirAja siMhanandi ne dekhA ki mAdhava ne apanI pUrI zakti se eka pASANa-stambha para apanI talavAra se prahAra kiyA to vaha stambha kar3akar3a karate hue nIce gira pdd'aa| munirAja ne isa zakti ko dekhakara unako kaNNikAra ke parAgoM se taiyAra kiyA eka mukuTa pahanAyA, una para anAja kI vRSTi kI aura dhvaja ke lie apanI (morapaMkha kI) pIchI kA nizAna diyA aura isa prakAra unheM rAjA banA diyA / sAtha hI unhoMne yaha cetAvanI bhI dI, "apanI pratijJAta bAta ko yadi ve nahIM kareMge; agara ve jinazAsana ko svIkAra nahIM kareMge; agara ve dUsaroM kI striyoM ko grahaNa kareMge; agara ve mAMsa aura madhu kA sevana kareMge; agara ve nIcoM se sambandha jor3eMge; agara ve AvazyakatA vAloM ko apanA dhana nahIM deMge; agara yuddhabhUmi se bhAga jAe~ge - to unakA vaMza naSTa ho jAegA / " aura usa samaya se hI "ucca nandagiri unakA qilA ho gayA, kuvalAla ( Adhunika kolAra ) unakA nagara bana gayA, 96000 unakA deza ho gayA, nirdoSa jina unake deva ho gaye, vijaya unakI yuddhabhUmi kI sAthina bana gaI aura jinamata unakA dharma ho gayA / " isa lekha meM AcArya siMhanandi ko 'gaMgarAjya samuddharaNa' kahA gayA hai / sAtavIM zatAbdI ke zilAlekhoM se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai / yaha ghaTanA kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra 178 I. aura kucha ke anusAra 350 I. kI batAI jAtI hai / isa vaMza ne prabhArI DhaMga se gyArahavIM sadI taka tathA kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM 16vIM sadI taka rAjya kiyA / itihAsa meM zAyada hI koI rAjavaMza ho jisane itanI lambI avadhi taka zAsana kiyA / isI vaMza kA bar3A pratApI evaM dharmAtmA rAjA gaMgarAja mArasiMha ( 961-674) I. meM huA hai / zilAlekhoM meM usakI vijayoM se sambandhita aneka upAdhiyA~ jaise nolambakulAntaka, gaMgakandarpa Adi dI gaI haiN| sAtha hI use 'jinendra nityAbhiSeka ratna - kalaza' jaisI dhArmika upAdhiyA~ dI gaI haiN| karnATaka ke puligere (Adhunika lakSmezvara) meM usane eka jinamandira banavAyA thA jo 'gaMgakandarpa jinAlaya' kahalAtA thA / apane jIvana ke antima samaya meM usane baMkApura meM AcArya ajitana se sallekhanAvrata grahaNa kara apanA zarIra tyAgA thA / rAjA mArasiMha ke bAda, usakA putra rAcamalla satyavAkya caturtha (974-984 I.) gaMgarAjya kA svAmI huA / usane apane rAjya ke prathama varSa meM hI zravaNabelagola ke anantavIrya guru gUra grAma tathA anya bhUmi dAna meM dI thI / dharmaprANa gaMgavaMza ke jainadharmAnuyAyI isI rAjA 1
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 235 mantrI evaM senApati the cAmuNDarAya / cAmuNDarAya tIna rAjAoM - mArasiMha, rAcamalla aura usake uttarAdhikArI rakkasagaMga ke mantrI rahe / senApati ke rUpa meM unhoMne kSaya ko prApta ho rahe gaMgarAjya kI, 18 yuddhoM meM vijaya prApta kara, apUrva sevA kii| sainika vijayoM ke kAraNa unheM 'vIramArtaNDa', 'raNa raMgasiMha', 'vairikula kAladaNDa', 'samarakesarI', 'sumaTacUDAmaNi' Adi aneka upAdhiyA~ prApta thIM / yaha jAnakArI hameM zravaNabelagola kI vidhyagiri para tyAgada brahmadeva stambha para khude lekha se milatI hai / isa stambha ke tIna tarapha cAmuNDarAya sambandhI aura bhI jAnakArI thI kintu heggaDe kaNNa nAmaka eka sajjana ne apanA lekha likhavAne ke lie yaha jAnakArI ghisavA dI / gomaTezvara mUrti sambandhI jAnakArI bhI usameM rahI hogii| khaira, vaha aba hameM dhArmika granthoM se mila jAtI hai / samaradhurandhara cAmuNDarAya AcArya ajitasena aura AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke ziSya the, unake upadeza sunate the aura dharma-carcA karate the / kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra AcArya nemicandra prAcIna grantha 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kA adhyayana kara rahe the ki cAmuNDarAya udhara A nikale to AcArya ne grantha banda karake rakha diyA aura unase kahA ki usakA viSaya kaThina hai / cAmuNDarAya ne unheM use par3hAne kA Agraha kiyA to AcArya ne sarala bhASA meM 'gommaTasAra' nAmaka eka grantha hI raca diyaa| jisakA nAma bhI unhIM ke nAma para rakhA (cAmuNDarAya kA eka nAma 'gommaTa' bhI thA aura isIlie unake dvArA pratiSThita bAhubAlI kI mUrti 'gomaTezvara' bhI kahalAyI) / cAmuNDarAya ne dharmagranthoM kA bhI gahana adhyayana kiyA thA / isa prakAra ve zastra aura zAstra donoM meM pAraMgata ho ge| unake racita grantha haiM - 1. gommaTasAra kI vIramArtaNDI nAmaka Saras TIkA jo abhI anupalabdha hai, 2. cAritrasAra aura 3. cAmuNDarAya purANa yA triSaSTilakSaNamahApurANa (978 I.) jisameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM sahita 63 zalAkApuruSoM kA caritra unhoMne kannaDa meM likhA hai / kannaDa bhASA ke sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bhI unakA ucca sthAna hai / sAhitya akAdamI, naI dillI dvArA prakAzita tathA raM. zrI mugali dvArA likhita 'kannaDa sAhitya kA itihAsa' ( hindI saMskaraNa) meM likhA hai- "dasavIM zatAbdI ke anya kaviyoM meM cAvaNDarAya gadyakAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha the / pampa kI taraha ve kavi bhI the aura raNabAMkure bhii| unake 'cAvuNDarAyapurANa' kA mahattva mukhyataH gadya zailI ke lie hai / pA~ca-chaha zatAbdiyoM se kannar3a meM vikasita hote hue kathAgadya aura zAstra- gadya ke sammizraNa meM 'cAmuNDarAya purANa' viziSTa hai / " vAstu - zilpa ke kSetra meM bhI cAmuNDarAya kA yogadAna advitIya hai / unhoMne saMsAra prasiddha gomaTezvara mUrti banavAI jo eka hajAra varSa bIta jAne para bhI unakI kIrti kA smaraNa karAtI rahatI hai| isa mUrti ke atirikta, cAmuNDarAya ne aneka jinamandiroM, mUrtiyoM Adi kA nirmANa, jIrNoddhAra aura pratiSThA karAyI thI / zravaNabelagola kI candragiri para sva-nirmApita cAmuNDarAya basadi meM indranIlamaNi kI manojJa neminAtha (gommaTajina) ko pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thI / yaha mandira ukta sthAna ke jinAlayoM meM sarvAdhika sundara samajhA jAtA hai / vindhyagiri para unhoMne tyAgada brahmadeva nAma kA sundara mAnastambha bhI banavAyA thA / " (DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina)
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________________ 236 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) gomaTezvara se pahale kI bAhubalI mUrtiyA~ jaba taka aura bhI prAcIna bAhubalI mUrtiyA~ prApta nahIM hotIM, taba taka yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kadambarAja ravivarmA dvArA pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM nirmita 'manmathanAtha' (kAmadeva yA bAhubalI) ke mandira kA nirmANa sambhavataH pahalA bAhubalI mandira siddha hotA hai| isase sambandhita zilAlekha uttara karnATaka jile ke banavAsi ke nikaTa gudanApura grAma meM prApta huA hai| kanATaka ke anya sthAnoM kI jJAta prAcIna bAhubalI mUtiyA~ isa prakAra hai aihola kI eka guphA meM bAhubalI kI mUrti-yaha sAtavIM sadI kI mAnI jAtI hai| bAhubalI kI jaTAe~ kandhoM taka pradazita haiM aura unakI bahaneM latAoM ko haTAte hue dikhAI gaI haiN| pratimA lagabhaga sAta phITa U~cI hai| bAdAmI kA jaina guphA-mandira-isa guphA-mandira meM bAhubalI kI atyanta sundara ATha phITa U~cI pratimA hai jo chaThI yA sAtavIM sadI meM caTTAna ko kATakara banAI gaI hogI (vaise vidvAn isa guphA ko AThavIM sadI meM nirmita mAnate haiN)| humacA meM 978 I. meM rAjA vikrama sAntara ne eka vizAla 'bAhubalI basadi' banavAI thI jisakI aba kevala caukI hI zeSa raha gaI hai aura bAhubalI kI jIrNa pA~ca phITa U~cI pratimA aba kunda-kunda vidyApITha bhavana meM rakhI huI hai / isa mUrti para bhI jaTAeM pradarzita haiM kintu latAe~ kevala pairoM taka hI utkIrNa haiN| gomaTezvara-mUti-nirmANa kI kahAnI cAmuNDarAya kI jinabhakta mAtA kAlaladevI ne purANa kA zravaNa karate samaya bharata aura bAhubalI kI kathA ke prasaMga meM yaha sunA ki cakravartI bharata ne apane parama tapasvI laghu bhrAtA kI podanapura meM 525 dhanuSa U~cI eka mUrti banavAI thI kintu kAla ke prabhAva se aba usake AsapAsa kukkuTa saoNM kA vAsa ho gayA hai aura parama zAntidAyaka isa mUrti ke darzana aba durlabha ho gae haiM / yaha suna kAlaladevI ne pratijJA kI ki ve taba taka dUdha grahaNa nahIM kareMgI jaba taka ki ve isa mUrti kA darzana na kara leN| mAtRbhakta cAmuNDarAya ko apanI patnI ajitAdevI se jaba yaha bAta mAlUma huI to ve apanI mAtA kI icchA kI pUrti ke lie udyata hue / senApati aura mantrI to ve the hI, kucha sainikoM ko sAtha lekara rathArUr3ha ho ve podanapura kI khoja meM nikala pdd'e| calate-calate ve zravaNabelagola Ae / vahA~ unhoMne candragiri para bhadrabAhu svAmI ke caraNoM kI vandanA kI aura vahIM para pArzvanAtha ke darzana kie| unake sAtha usa yuga ke mahAn AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI bhI the| cAmuNDarAya ke dala ne rAtri-vizrAma ke lie zravaNabelagola meM par3Ava ddaalaa| rAtri meM cAmuNDarAya ko svapna meM bAisaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI yakSiNI kaSmANDinI devI, jo ki zravaNabelagola meM Aja bhI vizeSa mAnyatA prApta zAsana-devI hai, ne kahA, "podanapura bahuta dUra hai| vahA~ kI bAhubalI mUrti kukkuTa soM se ghira gaI hai, usake darzana durlabha ho gae haiN| vahA~ kI tumhArI yAtrA kaThina hai / ataH prAtaHkAla snAnAdi zuddhipUrvaka sAmane kI bar3I pahAr3I para sone kA eka tIra claao| jahA~ tumhArA tIra giregA vahIM bAhubalI prakaTa hokara tumheM darzana deNge|"
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________________ zravagabelagola / 237 isI prakAra kA svapna unakI mAtA aura AcArya nemicandra ko bhI AyA / devI ke AdezAnusAra aura AcArya ke parAmarza ke anusAra, cAmuNDarAya ne vaisA hI karane kA nizcaya kiyA / jaba unhoMne sone kA tIra chor3A to Azcarya ! bAhubalI ke mastaka kI sthUla rUparekhA prakaTa ho gayI / isa anuzruti ke rUpaka ke rahasya ko sambhavataH nahIM samajhate hue kucha logoM ne yaha dhAraNA banA lI ki vindhyagiri para gomaTezvara bAhubalI kI mUrti to pahale se hI maujUda thI, cAmuNDarAya ne to use kevala 'prakaTa kiyA hai| isa vizvAsa ko aura bhI havA kucha lekhakoM ke isa kathana ne ki yaha mUrti to rAma ke yuga kI hai| rAma hI laMkA se vApasa lauTate samaya ise vindhyagiri para chor3a gae the / kintu isa paurANika-sI anuzruti kA artha yahI hai ki cAmuNDarAya aura AcArya nemicandra bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa karAne hetu 'zilA-zodhana' ke lie nikale the| isa prakAra kI mUrti kA nirmANa karane ke lie sabase pahale aisI Thosa, cikanI aura kaThora caTTAna dekhI jAtI hai jo ki chidroM se rahita ho / phira, maMtrAdi se usakI pUjA nirvighna mUrti nirmANa ke lie kI jAtI hai aura usakA 'takSaNa' maMtroM se pavitra chainI yA aujAra se kiyA jAtA hai aura mUrti ko banavAne vAlA hI pahalI chainI calAtA hai| isa prasaMga meM maMtrazuddha sone kA tIra cAmuNDarAya ne calAyA thA / mUrti nirmANa sambandhI aneka jainagraMthoM meM pratiSThAzAstra pramukha hai / usameM bhI isa prakAra kA vidhAna hai| kArakala kI 41 phITa 5 iMca U~cI bAhubalI mUrti ke nirmANa ke sambandha meM bhI hama dekha cuke haiM ki mUrti-nirmAtA rAjA upayukta zilA kI khoja meM nikalA thA aura nellikara nAmaka sthAna para zilA kI upayukta pUjA Adi kI thI (dekhie 'kaarkl')| mUrti para hue vyaya aura kalAkAra kI lagana sambandhI do rocaka anuzrutiyA~ pracalita haiMzara-saMdhAna ke bAda cAmuNDarAya ne pradhAna zilpI ko niyukta kiyA aura usase pUchA, "bolo, tuma mUrti nirmANa kA kyA pArizramika loge ?" zilpI ne mana-hI-mana vicAra kiyA ki sait bar3I pratimA ke nirmANa meM jo vyaya hogA use cAmuNDarAya kyA de pAe~ge / catura senApati maMtrI usake bhAva ko tAr3a ge| unake kuredane para zilpI bolA, "isameM bahuta samaya lagegA / " cAmuNDarAya ne kahA, "ThIka hai, tuma sakucA rahe ho / apane mana kA saMzaya dUra kro| maiM tumheM, jitanA pASANa tuma chIloge (takSaNa karoge ) usakI taula barAbara sonA pArizramika meM detA jAU~gA / " zilpI Azvasta huA aura donoM meM yaha taya huA ki mUrti kA sthUla AkAra vaha chA~Ta legA aura usake bAda usakI chainI jitanA pASANa tarAzegI utanA use sonA milegA / zilpI ko bAhubalI-bharata kI kathA samajhAI gaI aura pradhAna-zilpI tathA anya sahAyakoM dvArA mUrti-nirmANa kA kArya prArambha ho gayA / kintu tabhI eka ghaTanA ghaTa gii| jaba pradhAna zilpI apane pArizramika kA Dhera sArA sonA lekara apanI mAtA ke sAmane pahu~cA aura usake caraNoM meM usane vaha svarNarAzi rakhI to usake hAtha sone se cipaka gae / mAtA cintita hokara AcArya nemicandra ke pAsa daur3I-daur3I gaI aura unase samAdhAna yA saMkaTa se mukti kA upAya puuchaa| AcArya ne use batAyA ki lobha ke kAraNa tumhAre putra kI yaha dazA huI hai| vApasa Akara zilpI kI mAtA ne apane putra se kahA, 'beTA, eka putra cAmuNDarAya hai jo apanI mAtA kI khAtira sone se apanI jAna chur3A rahA hai aura eka tU hai ki apane ko aura apanI mAtA ko sone ke jAla meM pha~sA rahA hai /
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________________ 238 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) dhArmika kArya meM lobha kA yahI phala hotA hai|" zilpI ko bodha ho gayA aura usake hAtha apane Apa hI sone se alaga ho ge| usake bAda se usa zilpI ne pUrI tanmayatA ke sAtha bAhubalI kI mUrti ke nirmANa meM apane Apako lagA diyaa| zAstrIya vidhAna bhI hai ki jaba koI zilpI bhagavAna kI pavitra mUrti banAtA hai to use pavitra jIvana vyatIta karanA caahie| pradhAna zilpI ne bhI sAMsArika kAryoM se svayaM ko mukta kara brahmacarya vrata le liyA thA, aisA jAna par3atA hai| vaha apane ghara bhI nahIM jAtA thaa| pahAr3I para hI usakA nivAsa ho gayA thaa| usakI patnI jaba usake lie bhojana lAtI to vaha usase binA bole bhojana kara letA aura mUrti ke nirmANa kArya meM dattacitta banA rhtaa| yaha hAlata jaba patnI kI bardAzta ke bAhara ho gaI to usane cAmuNDarAya kI patnI se isakI zikAyata kii| ajitAdevI ne zilpI kI patnI para avizvAsa karate hue kahA ki "Aja maiM tumhAre pati ke lie bhojana lekara jAU~gI aura dekhatI haiM ki vaha kisa prakAra kA vyavahAra karatA hai|" vaha zilpI kA bhojana lekara gaI to zilpI ne vaisA hI rUkhA vyavahAra kiyA jaisA ki vaha apanI patnI ke sAtha karatA thaa| ajitAdevI aura cAmuNDarAya ne zilpI kI isa tanmayatA kI sarAhanA kii| __jaba mUrti-nirmANa kA kArya samApta huA to zilpI ghara lauttaa| jaba patnI ne use bhojana parosA to vaha bolA, "yaha kaisA bhojana hai ? isameM masAle, namaka kucha bhI nahIM hai|" isa para patnI ne kahA, "tuma to jaba-taba pahAr3I para isI prakAra kA bhojana karate rahe ho| aba svAda kaise A gayA?" sahI paristhiti samajha meM Ane para pati-patnI donoM ha~sa pdd'e| to zilpI kI ananya tanmayatA aura cAmuNDarAya kI aTUTa dAnavIratA se mahAmuni bAhubalI kI mUrti eka anupama kalAkRti banakara taiyAra ho gii| aba cAmuNDarAya ne usakI pratiSThA kA bIr3A utthaayaa| unheM yAda thA unakI mAtA dUdha taba grahaNa kareMgI jabaki ve vAhubalI ke darzana kara leNgii| ataH unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki bAhubalI kA prathama abhiSeka dUdha se kiyA jaae| pratiSThA kI bAta sunakara hajAroM jana vahA~ ekatra ho ge| saikar3oM mana dUdha ikaTThA kiyA gayA mUrti ke abhiSeka ke lie| mUrti kA pratiSThA-kArya sampanna karAyA AcArya zrI ajitasena ke ziSya AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne| vizAla maMca banAyA gayA-hAthoM-hAtha bAhubalo ke mastaka taka dUdha se bhare kalaza abhiSeka ke lie pahu~cAne hetu| pahalA kalaza cAmuNDarAya ne uThAyA aura abhiSeka kiyA bAhubalI kA / kalaza para kalaza dUdha ke DAle gae kintu mUrti ke pUre zarIra kA abhiSeka nahIM ho paayaa| cAmuNDarAya tathA anya jana cintita ho utthe| kauna-sA vighna upasthita ho gayA? kauna hai vaha bhAgyazAlI puruSa yA mahilA jisake hAthoM bAhubalI kA abhiSeka hogA ? sabako avasara diyA gayA kintu abhiSeka nahIM ho pAyA / itane meM eka kone meM khar3I vinIta bur3hiyA AcArya nemicandra ko dikhii| unhoMne Adeza diyA ki usa vRddhA ko bhI abhiSeka kA avasara diyA jaae| usake hAthoM meM gullikAya (eka prakAra ke phala kA khokhalA hissA) thaa| usI meM usane kucha dUdha bhara rakhA thaa| loga ha~se ki isa baDhiyA se kyA abhiSeka hogaa| sahArA dekara use sabase Upara maMca para le jAyA gyaa| usane dUdha ko jo dhAra chor3I to pUrI mUrti dUdha meM nahA gaI aura dUdha kI dhArAe~ vindhyagiri para baha
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 239 nikliiN| sabhI Azcarya se mauna the| vRddhA nIce utarI aura dekhate hI dekhate bhIr3a meM na jAne kahA~ adRzya ho gii| cAmuNDarAya ne phira apane guru se isa Azcarya kA kAraNa puuchaa| unhoMne batAyA ki mUrti ke nirmANa se cAmuNDarAya ko kucha garva ho gayA thaa| usI ko dUra karane ke lie kUSmANDinI devI ne bur3hiyA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara yaha Azcarya prakaTa kiyA hai| cAmuNDarAya ekadama vinamra jIvana jIne lge| kahate haiM unhoMne hI gullikAyajjI kI mUrti banavAI thii| gomaTezvara kI isa advitIya mUrti kI pratiSThA kisa dina huI thI, isakA ThIka-ThIka pramANa nahIM milatA / kannar3a kavi doDayya ne 1550 I. meM 'bhujabali (bAhubalI)carita' kAvya meM likhA hai ki isakI pratiSThA caitra zukla paMcamI kalki saMvat 600 meM huI thI / sambhavataH unake samaya meM koI pramANa upalabdha rahA ho| jo bhI ho, vidvAnoM ne dasavIM sadI aura gyArahavIM sadI ke aneka varSa sujhAe haiN| kintu aba zrI ema. govinda pai aura sva. zrI nemicandra jyotiSAcArya kA yaha mata prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM ko svIkAra hai ki isa mUrti kI pratiSThA 13 mArca 981 I. ko huI thii| dharmaparAyaNa cAmuNDarAya ko aneka dhArmika upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| sadA satya bolane ke kAraNa unheM 'satya yudhiSThira' kahA jAtA thaa| dhArmika guNoM ke kAraNa ve 'samyaktvaratnAkara' aura sAdharmI bandhuoM ke lie 'aNNA' (pitA) the| ye upAdhiyA~ isa samarazUra ke dharmapUrNa jIvana ko sUcita karatI haiN| bAhabalI kI vizAla pratimA ke atirikta cAmuNDarAya ne aneka mandira-matiyoM evaM stambhoM kA nirmANa karAyA jaise--(1) candragiri para neminAtha mandira yA cAmuNDarAya basadi, (2) vindhyagiri para tyAgada brahmadeva stambha (3)akhaMDa bAgilu (vindhyagiri) aura (4) brahmadeva staMbha tathA (5) gullikAyajjI kI mUti / ina sabakA paricaya zravaNabelagola 'vaMdanA-krama' meM yathAsthAna diyA jaaegaa| zastra, zAstra aura zilpa meM uttarottara vRddhiMgata, zikharacumbo kIti ko prApta cAmuNDarAya, jinakA nAma Aja bhI aura pichale yugoM ke lAkhoM jana ko smaraNa rahA aura hai, kA 990 I. meM dehAvasAna ho gyaa| cAmuNDarAya kA sampUrNa parivAra hI atyanta dhArmika thaa| unakI mAtA kAlaladevI aura patnI ajitAdevI to gomaTezvara-nirmANa gAthA ke sAtha jur3I huI haiM hI, unakI choTI bahana pullabbe ne bhI vijayamaMgalam (koyambaTUra z2ilA) kI candranAtha basadi meM sallekhanA vidhi dvArA zarIra tyAgA thaa| unake putra jinadeva ne bhI zravaNabelagola kI cAmuNDarAya basadi kI UparI maMjila banavAkara usameM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI pratimA sthApita karAyI thii| vizAlakAya gomaTezvara-mUrtiyoM ko paramparA cAmuNDarAya ne gomaTezvara kI uttuMga pratimA kyA nirmANa karAI, vizAlakAya mUrtiyA~ banavAne kI eka nayI paramparA hI prArambha kara dii| karnATaka kI isa prakAra kI bahuta U~cI pratimAoM kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA jAtA hai (vivaraNa sambandhita sthAna ke antargata dekhie)| kArakala meM gomaTezvara kI lagabhaga 42 phITa U~cI (41 phITa 5 iMca) pratimA 1432 I. meM 13 pharavarI ko pahAr3I para dUra se lAkara pratiSThita kI gii|
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________________ 240 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) - veNUra kI gomaTezvara kI 35 phITa U~cI pratimA pahalI mArca 1604 I. ke dina pahAr3I para pratiSThita kI gii| isake nirmANa ke preraka the zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka zrI caarukiirti| gommaTagiri (zravaNagaTTa) (maisUra se lagabhaga 25 ki. mI.) kI choTI-sI pahAr3I para 18 phITa U~cI gomaTezvara kI pratimA usakI nirmANa-zailI ke AdhAra para caudahavIM zatAbdI kI kI mAnI jAtI hai| dharmasthala meM bAhubalI kI 39 phITa U~cI mUrti 1982 I. meM pratiSThita kI gaI hai| yaha bhI eka pahAr3I para hai aura bahuta sundara hai| hosakore hallI-kannabAr3I (kRSNarAja sAgara) ke usa pAra gaMgakAlIna eka gommaTa mUrti hai jo 18 phITa U~cI hai| maisUra rAjya ke anveSaNa vibhAga ne hAla hI meM isakA anveSaNa kiyA hai / (DaoN. premacandra jaina) karnATaka kI sImA ke pAsa kumbhojagiri yA bAhubalIgiri para (kolhApura se 20 ki. mI.) bAhubalI kI 28 phITa U~cI mUrti hai jo ki kumbhoja bAhubalI ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| isakI pratiSThA 1963 I. meM huI thii| elAcArya muni vidyAnandajI kI preraNA se uttara bhArata ke aneka sthAnoM meM gomaTezvara pratimAe~ sthApita huI haiM jinameM phIrojAbAda, bambaI aura indaura (gommaTagiri) pramukha haiN| zravaNabelagola kA jainamaTha aura bhaTTAraka-paramparA yahA~ kA jaina maTha sambhavataH pichale eka hajAra varSoM se hI eka gurukula, eka anupama zAstrabhaNDAra, jaina saMskRti aura sthAnIya smArakoM kA jAgarUka praharI aura dharma-pracAra evaM prabhAvanA kI sazakta saMsthA tathA aneka utAra-car3hAva ke yugoM ke bAvajUda bhI sadA AzAvAna evaM preraka rahA hai| pratyeka bhaTTAraka kA cunAva bar3I khojabIna evaM dUradarzitA ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| cune jAne para maThAdhipati yA bhaTTAraka svAmI kI zobhA-yAtrA nikAlI jAtI hai aura paTTAbhiSeka kiyA jAtA hai jo ki hara bAraha varSa bAda punaH doharAyA jAtA hai / abhiSeka ke bAda bhaTTAraka 'svasti zrI bhaTTAraka cArukIrti paNDitAcArya' kahalAte haiN| yahI nAma yahA~ ke pratyeka bhaTTAraka kA hotA hai / mUDabidrI kA maTha bhI zravaNabelagola maTha kI eka zAkhA hai| vahA~ ke bhaTTAraka bhI yahI nAma dhAraNa karate haiM / bhaTTAraka kesariyA vastra pahanate haiM aura mayUrapicchI tathA kamaNDalu sAtha rakhate haiN| zravaNabelagola maTha kA AdhikArika itihAsa upalabdha nahIM hai kintu kucha zilAlekhoM meM yahA~ ke cArukItiyoM ke ullekha se isa saMsthA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| anuzruti hai ki gomaTezvara kI mUrti kI pratiSThApanA ke bAda cAmuNDarAya ne yahA~ gA~va basAyA thA aura AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ko isa kSetra kI rakSA evaM prabhAvanA kA kArya sauMpA thaa| yaha bAta dasavIM sadI kI hai| bArahavIM sadI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma para saMkaTa AyA thaa| anya dharmAvalambiyoM ne isa sadI aura usake bAda meM jainoM para atyAcAra kie, sAmantoM se karavAe evaM AtaMka phailaayaa|
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 241 phalasvarUpa kucha AcAryoM ne muniveza tyAga kara jaina dharma kI rakSA ke lie picchI-kamaNDaludhArI bhaTTAraka veza dhAraNa kiyA tathA camatkAra Adi ke lie zAsana-devatAoM ko Age kiyA tAki zeSa bace jaina bhI anya dharmoM kI-sI tar3aka-bhar3aka pA skeN| yaha bhI anuzruti hai ki dorasamudra ke rAjA viSNuvardhana ke jainoM para atyAcAra ke kAraNa dorasamudra kI dharatI phaTa gaI to vahA~ kA zAsana bhayabhIta huA aura usane zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTArakajI ko AgrahapUrvaka bulaayaa| unhoMne tantra-mantra kI sAdhanA kara zAnti sthApita kii| candragiri para 'savatigandhavAraNa basadi' ke zilAlekha (1131 I.) meM ullekha hai ki viSNavardhana kI padamahiSI parama jinabhaktA zAntalA dvArA sallekhanA grahaNa kara svadeha tyAga karane kI khabara pAkara, usakI mAtA mAcikabbe ne zravaNabelagola meM usI vidhi se zarIra tyAgA / isase sambandhita lekha cArukIti ke lekhaka-ziSya bokimayya ne likhA thaa| .. paTTamahiSI zAntalA ne SaTkhaMDAgama kI tADapatrIya prati likhavAkara yahA~ ke maTha (siddhAnta basadi, siddhAnta granthoM ke kAraNa) meM bheMTa kI thii| (usa para viSNuvardhana aura zAntalA kA citra bhI hai) jo bAda meM surakSA kI dRSTi se mUDabidrI meM rakha dI gaI thI aura vahIM se prApta vindhyagiri para siddhara basadi ke zaka saMvat 1355 (lagabhaga 1433 I.) ke eka zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki cArukIrti ne hoysalanareza ballAla prathama (1100-1106 I.) kI pretabAdhA dUra kara 'ballAla jIvarakSaka' kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| caudahavIM zatAbdI meM hI zravaNabelagola kI 'maMgAyi basadi' kA nirmANa cArukIrti paNDitAcArya ke ziSya, belagola ke maMgAyi ne karAyA thaa| yahA~ kI bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI mUrti bhI paNDitAcArya kI ziSyA bhImAdevI ne pratiSThita karAI thii| zrI cidAnanda kavi ke 'munivaMzAbhyudaya' meM varNana hai ki maisUranareza cAmarAja oDeyara zravaNabelagola Ae, unhoMne vibhinna zilAlekha par3havAye, dAnoM kI jAnakArI prApta kI aura yaha jAnakara ki yahA~ ke cArukIrti cannarAyapaTTana ke sAmanta ke atyAcAroM ke kAraNa bhallAtakI pura (Adhunika gerusoppe) meM rahane lage haiM to unhoMne unheM Adara sahita vApasa bulavAyA aura dAna Adi se sammAnita kiyaa| san 1634 I. ke tAmrapatrIya lekha meM yaha likhA hai ki kucha mahAjanoM ne maTha kI saMpatti giravI rakha lI thii| uparyukta nareza cAmarAja oDeyara ko jaba yaha bAta mAlUma huI to unhoMne mahAjanoM ko bulavAkara kahA ki ve svayaM yaha karja cukA deNge| taba mahAjanoM se samasta saMpatti dAna karA dii| rAjA ne yaha dAna karAyA aura yaha rAjAjJA nikAla dI ki "jo maTha kI saMpatti ko giravI rakhegA aura jo usa para karja degA ve donoM samAja se bahiSkRta kie jaaeNge| jisa rAjA ke samaya meM aisA ho use nyAya karanA cAhie aura jo koI isa AjJA kA ullaMghana karegA vaha banArasa meM eka sahasra kapila gAyoM aura brAhmaNoM kI hatyA kA bhAgI hogaa|" vyApAriyoM Adi dvArA maTha ko die gaye dAnoM se sambandhita aneka lekha haiN| maMtriyoM, senApatiyoM Adi ne bhI yahA~ dAna die haiN| san 1856 meM cArukIti ke ziSya sanmatisAgara varNI ne bhaNDArI basadi ke lie tIrthakara
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________________ 242 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) anantanAtha kI lauha - mUrti banavAI thI / unnIsavIM sadI ke anta meM abhiSekoM kI paramparA meM bhI yahA~ ke bhaTTArakoM kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra yaha saMsthA prAcIna siddha hotI hai / svatantratA prApti ke bAda zravaNabelagola ke maTha ( tathA anya sthAnoM ke maThoM) kI Arthika sthiti meM girAvaTa A gii| san 1925 I. meM bhaTTAraka celluvara svAmI ke samaya meM, maTha meM eka sau gAya aura gyAraha gA~voM kA svAmitva thA / ye gA~va 1947 taka maTha ke adhIna rahe kintu 1951 I. meM 'inAma ebaoNlizana ekTa' ke kAraNa maTha ke pAsa kevala cAra gA~va hI raha gae aura ve bhI 1962 I. meM 'laiNDa riphaoNrma ekTa' lAgU hone para maTha ke hAthoM se nikala ge| isa prakAra maTha kI sthiti zocanIya ho gii| tatkAlIna bhaTTAkalaMka svAmIjI kannar3a aura saMskRta nahIM jAnate the / ataH uttara bhArata se saMparka TUTa sA gayA / bhAratavarSIya tIrthakSetra kameTI se bhI 'kucha sambandha tanAvapUrNa rahe / sva. sAha zAntiprasAda jI ne tIrthakSetra kameTI kA adhyakSa pada grahaNa karate zravaNabelagola kSetra kI sthiti saMbhAlI aura muz2araI mainejiMga kameTI banAkara tIrtha kSetra samucita vyavasthA karA dii| maTha kI svAdhInatA bhI surakSita rakhI gii| vartamAna bhaTTAraka zrI cArukIrti jI ke samaya meM to zravaNabelagola pUre bhArata kA eka 'apanA' tIrtha ho gayA hai aura use sabhI pradezoM kA mukta sahayoga prApta huA hai vartamAna bhaTTAraka, karmayogI svasti zrI cArukIrti svAmIjI - humacA ke bhaTTAraka zrI devendrakIrti jI abhizaMsA para, vahA~ ke gurukula meM adhyayanarata chAtra zrI ratnavarmA ko zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka pada ke lie bhaTTAkalaMka svAmI ne cunA thA / gurukula meM adhyayana ke samaya taruNa ratnavarmA ne kannaDa, saMskRta hindI bhASAoM tathA dhArmika granthoM kA adhyayana kara liyA thaa| svAmI bhAkalaMka jI ne unakI hastarekhAe~ Adi kA vicAra kara unheM bhaTTAraka - dIkSA lene ke lie kahA kintu zrI ratnavarmA sahamata nahIM hue| humacA ke bhaTTAraka jI ke isa Adeza para kiyA to ve zravaNabelagola jAe~ yA gurukula chor3a deM, unhoMne gurukula chor3akara kisI prakAra meTrika kI par3hAI pUrI kI / svAmI bhaTTAkalaMka jI ne unheM kaoNleja kI par3hAI ke lie zravaNabelagola bulAyA / apane bAla sakhA zrI vizvasena (jo aba bhaTTAraka jI ke nijI saciva haiM) se paryApta vicAra kara ve zravaNabelagola A ge| itane meM svAmI jI gambhIra rUpa se rugNa ho ge| anta meM vivaza hokara zrI ratnavarmA ko kSullaka dIkSA lenI par3I aura mahAvIra jayantI, 19 apraila 1970 I. ke dina unheM zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka pada para abhiSikta kara diyA gayA / usa samaya unakI Ayu kevala unnIsa varSa kI thI / vartamAna bhaTTAraka jI kArakala ke pAsa varaMga kSetra (gA~va) ke nivAsI haiN| saumya prakRti, gambhIra svabhAva ke bhaTTAraka jI ne zravaNabelagola kI unnati ke lie vividha sahayoga prApta kara kSetra kI kIrti bar3hAI hai| unakI kucha upalabdhiyA~ haiM--- gommaTezvara vidyApITha kI sthApanA, digambara jaina sAdhu sevA samiti kI adhyakSatA, candragupta granthazAlA, zrI vihAra vizeSAMkamAlA, navIna candraprabha jinAlaya kI sthApanA, sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda atithi nivAsa, muni vidyAnanda nilaya, karnATaka paryaTana vibhAga kI keNTIna, bhakti gesTa hAusa, gaMgavAla gesTa hAusa, pI. esa. jaina gesTa hAusa, lAlA siddhomala jaina gesTa hAusa, maMjunAtha kalyANa maNDapa, madhyapradeza bhavana,
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 243 saraseTha hukamacanda tyAgI nivAsa, bhaTTAraka nivAsa evaM sarasvatI kakSa, kundakunda tapovana, mAlagodAma, zikharadvAra evaM pAnI kI TaMkI, pA~ca hajAra gailana kI vibhAgIya TaMkI, sumatibAI mahilAzrama, cAmuNDarAya bhavana, purAnI dharmazAlA meM atirikta kamare, zrI mahAvIra kundakunda bhavana, dharmacakra vATikA aura kIrtistambha, cAmuNDarAya udyAna, Ayurvedika aspatAla, jhA~jharIbhavana, rAjya parivahana basa sTaiNDa, kalyANI sarovara kA jIrNoddhAra evaM prAcIna mandiroM kI marammata / anya yojanAe~ haiM-sAhU zAntiprasAda kalA mandira, gurukula bhavana, mizrIlAla jaina gesTa hAusa, amRtalAla bhaNDArI gesTa hAusa aura karnATaka bhavana / spaSTa hai, binA vyaktigata prayAsa aura vyApaka samparka ke ye nirmANa kArya sambhava nahIM ho sakate the| zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha zravaNabelagola ko yadi zilAlekhoM kA khulA saMgrahAlaya kahA jAe to koI atyukti nahIM hogii| lagabhaga pA~ca hajAra kI AbAdI vAle isa gA~va kI donoM pahAr3iyoM, gA~va meM aura Asa-pAsa ke kucha gA~voM ke zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA 573 taka pahuMca gaI hai| teIsa sau varSa purAne itihAsa vAle isa sthAna ke kitane hI lekha naSTa ho gae hoMge, idhara-udhara jar3a die gae hoMge yA abhI prakaTa nahIM ho sake hoNge| ___ kAlakrama aura viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se inakA vivaraNa aura inase jo itihAsa banatA hai vaha eka pustaka kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| ataH hama inakI khoja kA itihAsa aura kucha moTI-moTI bAtoM para hI vicAra kara skeNge| ___ aMgrez2a vidvAn bI. levisa rAIsa maisUra rAjya ke purAtattva-zodha kAryAlaya ke nidezaka the| unhoMne maisUra rAjya ke hajAroM zilAlekhoM kI khoja kA aura unheM 'epigrAphikA karnATikA' (karnATaka ke zilAlekha) ke rUpa meM prakAzita kraayaa| khoja karate-karate jaba ve zravaNabelagola Ae to yahA~ ke bezumAra lekhoM ko dekhakara Azcarya meM par3a ge| unakI ruci itanI bar3hI ki unhoMne 1881 I. meM 'insakripzinsa eTa zravaNabelagola' nAmaka eka pustaka meM 144 zilAlekha alaga se prakAzita kie| zrI rAIsa ke bAda rAyabahAdura Ara. narasiMhAcAra uparyukta vibhAga ke nidezaka niyukta hue| unhoMne zravaNabelagolasambandhI zilAlekhoM meM itanI rucilo ki yahA~ se DhU~r3he gae zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA 500 taka pahu~ca gaI / unhoMne ina zAsanoM (zilAlekhoM) ko 'epigrAphikA karnATikA vaoNlyUma-2, insakripzansa eTa zravaNabelagola' ke rUpa meM 1923 I. meM prakAzita kiyaa| jaina sAhitya ke vaijJAnika DhaMga se anveSI sva. nAthUrAma premo kI dRSTi isa saMgraha para gaI aura unhoMne jaina zAstroM, purAtattva Adi ke coTI ke vidvAna evaM usake anavarata saha sva. DaoN. hIrAlAla jI jaina se ina lekhoM kA saMgraha eka vistRta bhUmikA ke sAtha 'mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA' ke antargata 'jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga-1' devanAgarI lipi meM, zilAlekhoM kI viSaya-vastu ke saMkSipta paricaya ke sAtha sampAdita karAkara prakAzita kiyaa| . yaha bAta 1928 I. kI hai| bAda meM jaina zilAlekhoM ke cAra bhAga aura prakAzita hue haiN|
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________________ 244 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM ke saMgraha aura adhyayana kA kArya maisUra vizvavidyAlaya ke 'insTITyUTa oNpha kannar3a sTaDIz2a' ne aura bhI Age bar3hAyA tathA usake prayatnoM ke phalasvarUpa zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA 573 taka pahu~ca gii| inakA navIna saMskaraNa 1971 I. prakAzita huA hai / yaha saMgraha kannar3a lipi yA romana lipi meM hI hai / sAmAnya upayogitA - ina zilAlekhoM se bhAratIya, vizeSakara karnATaka ke itihAsa aura jainadharma ke itihAsa kI aneka gutthiyA~ jAnane-samajhane meM bar3I sahAyatA milI hai| zravaNabelagola ke ye zilAlekha IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se lekara unnIsavIM zatAbdI taka ke haiN| candragiri kI pArzvanAtha basadi ke dakSiNa kI ora 600 I. ( zaka saMvat 522 ) kA jo zilAlekha hai, usI se hameM yaha jJAta hotA ki AcArya bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya (dIkSA nAma prabhAcandra) saMgha sahita aneka janapado ko pAra kara uttarApatha se dakSiNApatha Ae the aura yahIM kaTavapra para unhoMne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se sabase adhika zilAlekha bArahavIM zatAbdI ke haiM ( kula 128 ), aura usake bAda dasavIM zatAbdI ke 76 zilAlekha saMkhyA -krama meM haiM / candragiri para 271 lekha haiM to 172 viMdhyagiri para / kula 530 lekhoM meM se zeSa 80 zravaNabelagola nagara meM aura Asa-pAsa ke gA~voM meM 50 zilAlekha haiM / yahA~ ke zilAlekhoM meM nimnalikhita lipiyoM kA prayoga huA hai- kannar3a, malayAlama, tamila, telugu, devagiri ( marAThI ke lie bhI) aura mahAjinI / isa vividhatA se yaha bhI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki zravaNabelagola uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata meM samAna rUpa se evaM prAcInakAla se hI eka lokapriya tIrthasthAna rahA hai / Aja kI bhA~ti, atIta meM bhI yahA~ kI yAtrA sabhI pradezoM ke loga karate rahe haiN| paMjAba pradeza kI TokarI bhASA meM bhI yahA~ lekha pAyA gayA hai / zilAlekha likhe jAne ke aneka viSaya rahe haiM / mAtra sallekhanA sambandhI eka sau lekha candragiri para haiM / lekhoM se sUcanA milatI hai ki muniyoM, AryikAoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ne kitane dinoM kA upavAsa, vrata yA tapa karake zarIra tyAgA thA / ina tyAgiyoM meM kucha to rAjavaMza se sambandhita jana bhI haiM / sabase prAcIna lekha bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya dvArA sallekhanA kA ullekha karatA hai / eka zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki kalantUra ke muni ne kaDhavatra parvata para eka sau ATha varSa taka tapa karake samAdhimaraNa kiyA / sallekhanA sambandhI lekha sabase adhika sAtavIM-AThavIM sadI ke haiN| unase yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki kaTavapra yA candragiri sallekhanA ke lie eka pavitra parvata ke rUpa meM una dinoM bahuta prasiddha ho cukA thA aura dUra-dUra se Akara yahA~ svecchA se zarIra tyAganA pavitra yA puNya-lAbha kA kArya mAnA jAtA thA / zilAlekhoM meM se lagabhaga 160 lekha yAtriyoM ke haiN| inameM se 107 dakSiNa bhAratIya yAtriyoM ke aura zeSa uttara bhAratIyoM ke / mandira mUrti nirmANa aura dAna se sambandhita zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA sabase adhika hai / vibhinna prakAra ke dAna jaise abhiSeka, AhAra aura mandiroM kI surakSA, unakA vyaya
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 245 vivaraNa sambandhI, grAma aura bhUmi Adi ke dAna se sambandhita lekha lagabhaga sau haiM / ina zilAlekhoM kA kevala dhArmika mahattva hI nahIM thA, Arthika, rAjanItika, sAhityika mahattva bhI rahA hai / zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha samrAT candragupta maurya ke yuga meM (lagabhaga 2300 varSa pUrva) to karnATaka meM jainadharma kA astitva siddha karate hI haiM, sAtha hI, karnATaka ke aneka pradezoM ke rAjavaMzIya evaM anya logoM dvArA bhI yahA~ jaina mandira Adi kA nirmANa karAyA jAnA tathA unake dvArA jIrNoddhAra Adi karAnA karnATaka meM vyApaka rUpa se jaina-dharma kA lokapriya honA bhI siddha karatA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA (vizeSakara karnATaka ke AcAryoM) ke jJAna ke lie bhI ye lekha bahuta adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM / vidhyagiri para siddharabasadi meM uttara kI ora zaka saM. 1320 kA eka lambA zilAlekha hai jisameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra karane ke bAda gaNadharoM se prArambha kara jo AcArya paramparA dI hai vaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / usameM aneka AcAryo yathA AcArya gopanandI tathA cArukIrti kI zAstrArtha - pratibhA kA ullekha kara kahA gayA hai ki unakI pratibhA ke sAmane aneka anyadharmI Tika nahIM pAe / zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para mUlasaMgha ke nandigaNa aura dezIgaNa kA jo vaMzavRkSa banatA hai, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina kI pustaka 'jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga-1' meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / zilAlekhoM meM mahilAe~ - jinabhaktA aneka mahilAoM ne yahA~ nirmANa kArya karAe yA sallekhanA vidhi se zarIra tyAgA / yahA~ ke katipaya zilAlekhoM se mahilAoM ke nAmoM kI bhI acchI jAnakArI hotI hai; yathA - akkabbe, jakkaNabbe, nAgiyakka, mAcikabbe, zAntikabbe, ecaladevI, zAntalA, zriyAdevI, padmaladevI Adi / zilpiyoM ke nAma - kucha lekhoM ke nIce zilpiyoM ke nAma bhI haiM, jaise dAsoja (candraguptabasadi), ariSTanemi (candragiri), dAgodAji Adi / kintu kheda kA viSaya hai ki gomaTezvara kI vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa karane vAle pradhAna zilpI ne apanA nAma hI nahIM diyA / vandanA krama yaha mAnakara ki yAtrI yA paryaTaka zravaNabelagola basa sTaiNDa yA usake pAsa sthita 'muni vidyAnanda nilaya' se apanI vandanA prArambha kare, yahA~ usI ke anusAra kSetradarzana kA krama diyA jA rahA hai / dharmacakra vATikA - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANotsava ke samaya eka dharmacakra deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM ghumAyA gayA thA / usI ke zravaNabelagola Agamana ke upalakSya meM 1977 I. 'yaha vATikA candragiri kI talahaTI meM banAI gaI thii| isakI racanA zaila - vATikA (raoNka gArDana ) jaisI ho yaha prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isI meM dharmacakra aura mahAvIra kIrtistambha nirmita haiM / isake nirmAtA ke nAma para yaha 'jJAnIrAma harakacanda sarAvagI dharmacakra vATikA' kahalAtI hai| meM
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________________ 246 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) cAmuNDarAya udyAna-uparyukta vATikA ke sAmane aura sthAnIya basa-sTaiNDa se saTe hue isa udyAna kA nirmAga sahasrAbdI mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke samaya 1981 I. meM huA hai| yaha bhI eka ramaNIka sthala hai| kalyANI sarovara-vidhyagiri aura candragiri ke bIca bane isa vizAla sarovara(citrakra. 91) kA nirmANa kaba kisane kiyA yaha jJAta nahIM hai| sabase adhika sambhAvanA yahI hai ki yaha eka prAkRtika tAlAba hai jise gaharA kiyA gayA hai| yaha vahI sarovara hai jise zilAlekhoM meM 'belagola' 'zveta sarovara' yA 'dhavala sarovara' kahA gayA hai aura jisake kAraNa hI sthAnIya grAma 'zravaNabelagola' kahalAtA hai| itanA avazya hai ki ise sajAne-sa~vArane ke prayatna kie gae haiN| kalyANI sarovara ke cAroM ora sIr3hiyA~ haiM aura patthara kA parakoTA hai| isa para cAroM dizAoM meM cAra zikhara yA dakSiNa bhAratIya zailI ke do bar3e aura do choTe gopura (zikharayukta pravezadvAra) haiM / gomaTeza kI ora kA gopura tIna maMz2ila U~cA hai aura sundara hai / yaha tAlAba lagabhaga 400 phuTa caur3A aura 400 phuTa lambA tathA 21 phuTa gaharA hai| isake uttara meM eka sabhAmaNDapa hai jisake eka stambha para zilAlekha ke anusAra, maisUra nareza zrI cikkadeva-rAjendra (16721704 I.) ne isakA jIrNoddhAra sabhAmaNDapa, zikhara, parakoTA Adi banAkara karAnA prArambha karAyA thA kintu unakI mRtyu ho jAne ke kAraNa unake pautra kRSNarAja oDeyara (1713-1731 I.) ne vaha nimoNa-kArya pUrNa kraayaa| san 1981 I. meM, sahasrAbdI mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke avasara para, isa sarovara kA punaH jIrNoddhAra lagabhaga eka lAkha rupaye lagAkara karAyA gayA hai| pichale cAlIsa varSoM se isakA sArA pAnI nikAlakara kUr3A-karakaTa sApha nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| yaha kArya isa avasara para sampanna huaa| isameM raMgIna rozanI yukta phavvAre lagAe gae / yahA~ kA phavvArA 70 phuTa kI U~cAI taka pAnI pheMkakara manohArI dRzya upasthita karatA hai| ise dekhakara kArakala ke bhaTTAraka jI ne ise 'jalavRkSa' nAma diyA jo ucita hI hai| zravaNabelagola meM prativarSa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jayantI evaM paMcakalyANaka pUjA ke silasile meM caitra zukla trayodazI ko bhArI utsava hotA hai / usa dina bhagavAna ko nAva meM vedI banAkara virAjamAna karate haiM aura kalyANI sarovara kI tIna parikramAe~ kI jAtI haiN| sarovara aura usake gopuroM para dIpaka jalAkara dIpotsava kiyA jAtA hai jise dekhane ke lie bAhara se bhI loga Ate haiN| __uparyukta sarovara ke tInoM ora zravaNabelagola gA~va basA huA hai| sarovara se sIdhe calakara dAhinI ora kA sarovara kA kinArA pAra karake viMdhyagiri kI talahaTI hai| vahIM se sIr3hiyA~ gomaTezvara kI mUrti ke lie jAtI haiN| vindhyagiri sthAnIya janatA isa bar3I pahAr3I (citra keM. 12) ko 'doDDabeTTa' bhI kahatI hai| samudrataila se isakI U~cAI 3347 phITa hai| isakI talahaTI meM jo nIce maidAna hai usase yaha 470 phITa U~cI hai|
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 247 sapATa, Thosa, cikane sapheda grenAiTa kI yaha pahAr3I sAmane se aisI lagatI hai jaise koI bahuta bar3A pyAlA ulaTA karake rakha diyA gayA ho| gomaTezvara mandira ke bAharI parakoTe taka pahu~cane ke lie caTAna ko hI kATa-kATakara 500 sarala sIDhiyA~ bambaI ke sva. mANikacanda jhaverI (saMsthApaka bhAratavarSIya digaMbara jaina tIrtharakSaka kameTI) ke prayatnoM se 1883-84 meM banAI gaI thiiN| aba inake donoM ora lohe ke naloM kI reliMga lagA dI gaI hai jisase car3hAI AsAna ho jAtI hai| vindhyagiri kI pAMca sau sIr3hiyAM car3hane ke bAda, eka khulA maNDapa hai jo yAtriyoM ke lie vizrAma-sthala kA kAma detA hai / vahA~ dhIre-dhIre bahane vAlI ThaNDI havA bar3A sukha detI hai aura prAkRtika dRzya kA Ananda AtA hai so alaga se| rAste bhara TyUba lAiTa bhI lagI haiN| isI pahAr3I para bAhubalI mandira ke eka bAjU se pahAr3a se nIce utarane ke lie bhI sIr3hiyA~ haiM kintu Ajakala unakA prayoga nahIM hotaa| vizrAmagaha se Age, kinta pahADI kI caDhAI se pahale. 'cAmaNDarAya bhavana' hai| usameM zravaNabelagola digaMbara jaina muz2araI insTITyUzansa menejiMga kameTI kA kAryAlaya hai| brahmadeva mandira-vindhyagiri kI lagabhaga pacAsa sIr3hiyA~ car3hane ke bAda, eka do-maMz2ilA bhavana milatA hai| isake nIce kI maMz2ila meM brahmadeva yA jAruguppe virAjamAna haiN| ye eka pASANa ke rUpa meM haiM aura una para siMdUra putA hai| Upara kI maMz2ila meM eka caubIsI hai| usake mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha kI lagabhaga DhAI phITa U~cI bAdAmI raMga kI bhavya pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai / usa para nau phaNoM kI chAyA hai / phaNAvalI ke Upara padmAsana meM pArzvanAtha haiM jina para pA~ca phaNoM kI chAyA hai / anya tIrthaMkara donoM ora pA~ca-pA~ca kI paMkti meM haiM aura eka paMkti meM do mUrtiyA~ haiN| nIce donoM ora kAyotsarga mudrA meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara haiN| vidyAdharoM aura ca~varadhAriyoM kA bhI aMkana hai| isI maMz2ila ke dUsare kakSa meM pItala kI caubIsI, paMcaparameSThI pratimA tathA nandIzvara evaM meru pradarzita haiN| ___toraNa-dvAra-do sau sIr3hiyA~ car3hane ke bAda eka pASANa-nirmita toraNa-dvAra AtA hai| usa para makaratoraNa yukta pakSI kA aMkana hai| usI ke dUsarI ora U~cA mukuTa dhAraNa karane vAlI gaja-lakSmI hai| hAthI kI sUMDa meM kamala kA phUla utkIrNa hai| kundakunda tapovana-isa toraNadvAra ke bAIM ora eka prAkRtika guphA hai| usakA navInIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| usake sAmane eka pakkA kamarA banA diyA gayA hai| per3a-paudhe Adi lagAe gae haiN| sAdhuoM ke lie caTTAna ke nIce guphA hai| yaha navInIkaraNa muni zrI vidyAnandajI kI preraNA se kiyA gayA hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkara basadi yA hosa basadi-hosa kA artha hotA hai nayA / yaha eka choTA-sA mandira hai, lagabhaga 12 phITa caur3A aura 25 phITa lambA / isakI sIr3hiyoM ke pAsa nAgarI meM eka zilAlekha hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki choTI sAdI IMTa aura gAre se nirmita isa mandira ko 1648 I. meM cArukIrtijI ke lie dharmacandra dvArA banavAyA thaa| isa mandira meM DhAI phITa U~ce eka pASANa para caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| bIca kI aura AsapAsa kI mUrtiyA~ kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiM, zeSa tIrthaMkara prabhAvalI ke AkAra meM padmAsana meM haiN| garbhagRha se Age
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________________ 248 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kA koSTha khAlI hai| ___odegala basadi-kannar3a meM odegala kA artha hai Teka (Support) / yaha mandira eka U~cI caukI para banA hai| usa taka pahu~cane ke lie 28 sIr3hiyA~ car3hakara jAnA par3atA hai / itanI U~cAI para bane mandira kI caukI ko sahArA dene ke lie lagabhaga pandraha phITa lambI zilAe~ cAroM ora lagAI gaI haiN| isI kAraNa yaha 'TekevAlA' yA 'odegala basadi' kahalAtA hai| ise 'trikUTa' yA tIna garbhagRhoM vAlA mandira bhI kahate haiN| bIca ke garbhagRha meM mUlanAyaka AdinAtha kI padmAsana meM kAle pASANa kI vizAla pratimA (sAr3he cAra phITa) pA~ca siMhoM ke pAdAsanayukta kamalAsana para virAjamAna hai / makara-toraNa, chatratraya aura kandhoM se Upara ca~varadhArI kI bhI saMyojanA hai| dUsare koSTha meM bA~I ora zAntinAtha kI mUrti padmAsana meM zobhita hai| dAhinI ora ke garbhagRha meM neminAtha kI bhavya pratimA makara-toraNa se susajjita hai| ye pratimAe~ zilA meM ukerI gaI haiN| mandira kA sabhAmaNDapa bar3A hai| usameM lagabhaga tIna phITa vyAsa ke cAra moTe pASANastambha haiN| mukhamaNDapa meM bhI isI prakAra bAraha stambha haiN| mandira ke cAroM ora lagabhaga dasa phITa caur3A pradakSiNA-patha hai| U~cAI kI dRSTi se vindhyagiri para yaha mandira sabase U~cA basadi kA nirmANa kisane kiyA yaha patA nahIM lgtaa| vaha prAcIna hI hai| usake pazcima kI ora 27 lekha haiM jo ki yAtriyoM ke nAma haiN| yaha mandira 72 phITa lambA aura 72 phITa caur3A hai| tyAgada brahmadeva stambha-yaha 'cAgada kamba' bhI kahalAtA hai (dekheM citra kra. 93) / cAra stambhoM kA yaha khulA maNDapa 8 phITa caur3A aura 8 phITa lambA hai| isake bIca meM kucha gola valayoM (gheroM meM) phUla-pattiyA~ AkarSaka DhaMga se ukerI gaI haiN| sabase nIce kA bhAga gale meM mAlA pahane vRSabha para AdhArita hai| kahA jAtA hai ki gyAraha phITa U~cA yaha stambha kisI samaya adhara meM laTakA huA thA aura isake nIce se rUmAla nikAlA jA sakatA thaa| aba bhI yAtrI aisA karate haiM / antara kevala itanA hI hai ki aba isakA eka koNa jhukakara nIce laga gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha apane saundarya aura Azcarya donoM ke lie prasiddha hai| isake nicale bhAga meM cAmuNDarAya aura unake guru AcArya nemicandra kA citra banA haA hai| donoM kisI viSaya para carcA karate hue pradarzita haiN| cAmuNDarAya ke rAjasI vaibhava kI sacaka tIna sevikAe~ una para ca~vara DhalA rahI haiN| cAmuNDarAya ne AbhUSaNa pahana rakhe haiM aura unake mastaka para kezoM kA jUr3A hai jo usa samaya ke loga rakhate the| uparyukta stambha kA aitihAsika mahattva hai| anuzruti hai ki cAmuNDarAya yahIM baiThakara zilpiyoM ko pArizramika aura dAna diyA karate the| isake eka ora jo zilAlekha hai usameM cAmuNDarAya ke pratApa kA varNana hai aura yuddhoM meM unakI vijayoM se sambandhita upAdhiyA~ haiN| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki stambha ke tInoM ora unake jIvana kA varNana, vizeSakara gomaTezvara mati kI nirmANa sambandhI jAnakArI aura zilpI Adi kA nAma rahA hogaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki svayaM cAmuNDarAya ne ise 983 I. meM banavAyA thaa| kintu stambha ke tIna ora kA lekha heggaDe kaNNa ne san 1200 meM ghisavA DAlA aura apanA yaha lekha khudavA diyA ki unhoMne isa stambha para brahmayakSa kI mUrti pratiSThApita kI hai| isa prakAra gomaTezvara sambandhI jAnakArI lupta
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 249 vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI kathana hai ki saba kucha tyAga kara cAmuNDarAya ne yahA~ para sallekhanA vidhi se (vrata, upavAsa, tyAga karate hue) apanA zarIra tyAgA hogA aura yaha stambha tathA maNDapa unhIM kI smRti meM banavAyA gayA hogA aura isake lekha meM unake jIvana, gomaTezvara evaM anya kAryoM kA vivaraNa rahA hogA / jo bhI ho, aba to hameM unakI vijayoM sambandhI upAdhiyoM kA hI jJAna isa lekha se mila pAtA hai / lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa bAda IMTa aura gAre se isakI UparI maMjila banAI gaI, aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / cennaNa basadi - tyAgada stambha se pazcima kI ora kucha dUrI para 'cennaNa basadi ' hai / jinneyana halligrAma ke 1674 I. ke eka zilAlekha kA kathana hai : "puTTasAmI seTTiyara ke putra cenna samudrAdIzvara (candranAtha svAmI) ke nitya pUjotsava, kuNDa aura upavana kI rakSA hetu jinneyana hallIgrAma dAna meM diyA / " isa lekha se do bAtoM kA anumAna hai - yA to pahale se banI basadi ke lie dAna diyA gayA yA naI basadi ko nirmita karAkara dAna diyA gyaa| vaise yaha mandira prAcIna lagatA hai| isake sAmane eka 33 phITa U~cA mAnastambha hai / usake cAroM ora chatrayukta tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / mauktika mAlAoM, haMsapaMktiyoM, azvArohiyoM aura gajArohiyoM kA bhI utkIrNana hai / sabase nIce cAroM ora yakSa aMkita haiM / isa basadi kA praveza maNDapa 24 stambhoM para AdhArita hai aura tIna ora se khulA hai / usake siradala aura dvAra kI caukhaTa para sundara utkIrNana hai| donoM ora dvArapAla haiN| garbhagRha meM padmAsana candraprabha kI DhAI phITa U~cI manojJa pratimA hai| tIrthaMkara para tIna chatra, donoM ora yakSayakSI, mastaka ke donoM ora ca~vara ke cihna haiM / makara-toraNa se bhI pratimA alaMkRta hai / Asana sAdhAraNa hai kintu usa para lAMchana (cihna) spaSTa nahIM hai / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha mandira Adi-tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko samarpita thA / mandira para eka choTA-sA zikhara bhI hai / 1 basadi se pahale kucha bar3A-sA eka kuNDa hai| isI prakAra mAnastambha ke pAsa hI meM eka aura kuNDa hai / isa mandira ke bAyIM ora candana kA eka choTA-sA vRkSa hai / kula milAkara yaha ramaNIka sthAna hai| cennaNa basadi ke bAda tyAgada brahmadeva stambha vApasa lauTanA cAhie aura stambha ke Age kI sIr3hiyoM se Upara kI yAtrA prArambha karanI cAhie / siddhara guNDu (siddhazilA ) - kucha sIr3hiyA~ car3hane ke bAda, bAyIM ora eka U~cI caTTAna hai jise siddhazilA kahate haiM / kathAnaka hai ki bharata cakravartI ke 99 bhAiyoM ne unakI adhInatA svIkAra nahIM kI thI aura RSabhadeva ke upadeza se rAja-pATa chor3akara muni ho gae the| isa zilA ke UparI bhAga meM yahI dRzya aMkita hai / chatratrayI ke nIce padmAsana meM RSabhadeva virAjamAna haiM aura unake AsapAsa evaM nIce aneka paMktiyoM meM unake ve 99 putra gine jA sakate haiM jo ki muni ho gae the| ina padmAsana muni AkRtiyoM ke sAtha hI kucha kAyotsarga muni bhI utkIrNa haiM / caraNa - viMdhyagiri kI choTI caTTAnoM para aneka sthAnoM para caraNa haiM / tyAgada brahmadeva stambha se bar3e dvAra ke rAste meM dAhinI ora kI eka caTTAna para bhI caraNa bane hue haiM /
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________________ 250 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) eka golAkAra ghere meM lekha sahita caraNa 460vIM aura 470vIM sIr3hiyoM ke bIca ke sthAna meM utkIrNa haiN| bharata mandira aura bAhubalI mandira-siddhazilA ke bAyIM ora eka choTA-sA bAhabalI mandira hai| usameM zilAlekha bhI hai / bAhubalI kI yaha mUrti lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI hai / mAdhavI latA ke eka veSTana (lapeTa) ne unakI jaMghA ko gherA hai jabaki unakI bAhoM para do veSTana haiN| mUrti para na koI sarpa pradarzita hai aura na hI koI bA~bI / hA~, mUrti ke Asa-pAsa vidyAdhara deviyA~ latAoM ko haTAte hae aMkita kI gaI haiN| makara-toraNa bhI hai| dAhinI ora isI prakAra kI bharatezvara (munirUpa meM cakravartI bharata) kI isI AkAra kI mUrtivAlA choTA-sA mandira hai| mUrtiyoM ke Alekha ke anusAra, siddhAntadeva ke ziSya daNDanAyaka bharatamayya ne yahA~ ke pravezadvAra kI zobhA bar3hAne ke lie 1160 I. meM ina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| ye donoM mandira bhI caTTAna ko hI kATakara banAe gae haiN| akhaNDabAgilu (akhaNDa-dvAra)-sIr3hI saMkhyA 560 para hI eka pravezadvAra hai / isa dvAra ko akhaNDa kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha eka hI caTTAna ko kATakara banAyA gayA hai / yaha bhI anuzruti hai ki ise svayaM cAmuNDarAya ne banavAyA thaa| __ akhaNDadvAra kA sabase AkarSaka bhAga hai usakA siradala / usa para uttama kArIgarI kI gaI hai| usameM bIca meM lakSmI jI virAjamAna haiM aura unake donoM ora do hAthI sUMDa meM kalaza liye hue unakA abhiSeka kara rahe haiN| gajalakSmI kA yaha citra khaNDagiri-udayagiri (ur3IsA) ke isI prakAra ke citra kI yAda dilAtA hai| aMkana kI zobhA bar3hAne ke lie hAthiyoM ke donoM ora do makara jala ugalate dikhAe gae haiM aura jala ke ye challe Upara taka gae haiM / isa prakAra yaha utkIrNana bahata AkarSaka ho gayA hai| dvAra para bhI zilAlekha hai| tyAgada brahmadeva stambha se yahA~ taka kI sIr3hiyoM kI bhI daNDanAyaka bharatamayya ne banavAyA thaa| ____ kaMcana gubbi bAgilu-akhaNDadvAra ke bAda kucha aura sIr3hiyAM car3hane ke bAda, eka aura dvAra AtA hai jo ki 'kaMcana gabbi bAgilu' kahalAtA hai| isake siradala para bhI gajalakSmI kA AkarSaka utkIrNana hai| dvAra kI caukhaTa para zRMkhalAoM kA aMkana sundara hai / nIce kI ora dvArapAla haiN| isa dvAra se jo maNDapa banatA hai usake bhItarI do stambhoM para manohArI utkIrNana hai| dAhine stambha para cAroM ora tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiN| bIca meM aura nIce nRtyAMganAe~ yA apsarAe~ pradarzita haiN| inameM se eka ke hAtha meM dhanuSa hai aura eka strI kI coTI pakar3e hue dUsarI strI usakA paira pakar3a rahI hai| isI stambha ke pAsa eka zilA meM 6-7 iMca kI eka devI hai| striyA~ use padmAvatI kI mUrti mAnatI haiM aura siMdUra lagA jAtI haiM / azvArohI brahmayakSa bhI pradarzita hai / eka anya stambha para Upara tIna ora tIrthaMkara haiM / bIca meM eka ora gAya-bachar3A, eka ora brahmadeva aura do nartakiyA~ yA apsarAe~ haiN| nIce kI ora eka tarapha zarIphA jaisA phala liye eka bandara hai to dUsarI ora mRdaMgavAdaka / isI taraha tIsarI tathA cauthI ora nartakiyA~ yA apsarAe~ utkIrNa haiN| parakoTe kA mahAdvAra-akhaNDadvAra se 21 sIr3hiyA~ aura car3hane ke bAda gomaTezvara mUrti
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 251 ke parakoTe kA mahAdvAra AtA hai| yaha bAhubalI-mandira kA pravezadvAra mAnA jAtA hai / usakI U~cAI lagabhaga 15 phaTa hai| usake siradala para cavaradhAriyoM sahita padmAsana tIrthaMkara mati hai| nIce do dvArapAla aMkita haiM / dvAra ke donoM ora khule maNDapa haiM / sIr3hI saMkhyA 618 ke pAsa eka manoraMjaka citra hai| usameM eka AdamI ko zeranI se lar3atA dikhAyA gayA hai| nIce usakA baccA hai| yaha aMkana dvAra se pahale kI dIvAla meM hai| matsya bhI aMkita hai| dAhinI ora gadA sameta eka yakSa pradarzita hai| dvAra kA gopura bhI AkarSaka hai| usameM sabase Upara padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara chatratrayI aura ca~varadhAriyoM sahita haiN| bIca kI tIrthaMkara mUrti ke donoM ora eka strI aura eka puruSa hAtha jor3e hue pradarzita haiN| bAyIM ora ke choTe dvAra ke siradala para bhI padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| dvAra ke bAyIM ora kI pIche kI dIvAla para Upara padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara, nIce padmAsana meM tIna tIrthaMkara, kAyotsarga mudrA meM eka aura tIrthaMkara tathA siMha-Asana para brahmayakSa virAjamAna haiN| bAharI parakoTA-gomaTezvara mUrti ke cAroM ora eka lambA-caur3A bAharI parakoTA hai| yaha bhI mata hai ki 195 phuTa lambe aura 125 phuTa caur3e isa parakoTe ko satrahavI-aThArahavIM sadI meM banAyA gayA / isakI dIvAreM lagabhaga bIsa phuTa U~cI haiN| usameM sthAna-sthAna para kucha U~cAI para ubhare patthara lage haiM / una para kahIM utkIrNana hai to kahA adhUrA raha gyaa| kalA ko dRSTi se yahA~ prakRti yA pazu-pakSiyoM kA bhI sundara citraNa hai| eka sthAna para rAma, lakSmaNa, sItA aura hanumAna aMkita haiM, to padmAsana aura kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA 21 hai| pandrahavIM mUrti bAhubalI kI hai| usa para latAoM kA spaSTa aMkana hai| sUrya, candramA, hAthI, mora Adi pazuoM ke sundara citra haiN| gAya-bachar3A, monayugala (dA machaliyA~), eka hI AkRti meM tIna machaliyA~, nIce kUda rahe do bandara aura nAriyala kA pAnI pItA eka AdamA Adi ye saba aise dRzya haiM jo apanI AnandAnubhUti se yAtrI kI sArI thakAna dUra kara gomaTezvara ko mahAmati ke darzana ke lie use sphUrti pradAna karane hetu bahuta uparyukta sthAna para utkIrNa kie gae haiN| zAsana-maNDapa yA oDeyara-maNDapa-cAra stambhoM ke isa maNDapa meM rAjAoM dvArA die gae dAna Adi se sambandhita zilAlekha haiN| yahIM ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki mandira ko giravo rakhI gaI jamIna Adi sampatti ko 1634 I. meM maisUranareza cAmarAja oDayara ne kisa prakAra mahAjanoM ke caMgula se chur3AyA thA (dekhie jainamaTha prkrnn)| siddhara basadi-arthAt siddha bhagavAna kA mandira / isameM siddha bhagavAna kI tIna phuTa U~cI mUrti hai / mandira choTA hI hai kintu zilAlekhoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| mUrti ke donoM ora lagabhaga cha: phuTa U~ce kalApUrNa stambha haiN| dAhinI ora ke stambha para ziSyoM ko upadeza dete hue AcArya kA eka citra hai| bAyIM ora ke stambha para kavi gaMgarAja kA 1433 I. meM racita eka kAvyAtmaka lekha hai jisameM zrutamuni ke svargavAsa kA varNana hai / isI prakAra dAhinI ora ke stambha para kavi arhaddAsa kA eka lekha 1378 I. kA hai jisameM paNDitArya kI prazasti unake svargagamana para likhI gaI thii| aba parakoTe se hama calate haiM gomaTezvara bAhubalI mandira kI ora / ___ gullikAyajjI-siddhara basadi se Age bar3hane para hameM gullikAyajjI kI pA~ca phuTa U~cI mUrti milatI hai (citra kra. 94) / vaha tatkAlIna karnATaka kI mahilA veSabhUSA meM hai aura AbhUSaNoM
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________________ 252 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) se alaMkRta hai| usake hAthoM meM do hissoM vAlA vaha gullikAya (eka phala ) hai jisameM bharakara vaha dUdha lAI thI aura usa alpa dUdha se hI pUrI mUrti kA abhiSeka ho gayA thA aura usakI jo dhAra baha nikalI thI usase kalyANI sarovara bhI dhavala ho gayA thA / zruti hai ki usakI yaha mUrti svayaM cAmuNDarAya ne banavAI thI / usakI paoNliza aba bhI camakadAra hai / isa maNDapa meM gullikAyajjI ke pIche eka zilAlekha hai / maNDapa khulA hai aura usameM pA~ca stambha haiM / uparyukta maNDapa kI UparI maMz2ila meM lagabhaga 6 phuTa kI brahmadeva kI mUrti sthApita hai / inheM kSetrapAla kahA jAtA hai / AcArya nemicandra ke grantha 'gommaTasAra' meM ullekha hai ki yakSa ke meM mukuTa eka aisA ratna hai jo gomaTezvara mUrti ke caraNoM ko nitya prakAzita karatA rahatA hai / itanA avazya hai ki isa yakSa kI mUrti kA nirmANa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki brahmadeva kI dRSTi sadA hI gomaTezvara ke caraNoM para rahatI hai / mukhamaNDapa --- gullikAyajjI ke sAmane eka khulA mukhamaNDapa haiM / usameM 16 stambha hai / usI tIna balipITha yA dIpaka ke lie sthAna bane hue haiM / isa maNDapa meM bhI mauktika mAlAoM, ha~soM aura chata meM kamala Adi kA utkIrNana hai / isI se lagA huA eka aura maNDapa hai / usameM bAraha stambhoM para ha~soM aura patrAvalI kA AkarSaka utkIrNana hai / usI meM bAyIM ora hai bArahavIM sadI ke kannar3a kavi boppaNa dvArA racita vaha prasiddha zilAlekha jisameM gomaTezvara mUrti nirmANa kI saMkSipta jAnakArI aura mUrti kI vizeSatAoM kA kAvyAtmaka bhASA meM ullekha hai / dUsarI ora ke zAsana meM hullarAja dvArA tIna gA~va dAna meM die jAne kA ullekha hai / isI maNDapa se hokara bAhubalI mandira meM jAne kA mahAdvAra hai / usake donoM ora chaha phuTa U~ce dvArapAla bane hue haiM / dvAra ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti hai / suttAlaya - gomaTezvara kI mUrti ke darzana ke lie jaise hI hama dvAra se andara praveza karate haiM, hameM eka aura maNDapa milatA hai / usakI chata kI kArIgarI bhI darzanIya hai / yaha chata nau bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai / ATha khaNDoM meM ATha dikpAloM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM aura bIca ke khaNDa meM bArIka phUla-pattiyoM ke ghere meM, indra kI AkarSaka mUrti hai / indra ke hAtha meM eka kalaza hai mAno vaha gomaTezvara kA abhiSeka karanA cAhatA hai / yaha hama dekha cuke haiM ki sambhavataH indra kI isa AkarSaka mUrti ke kAraNa hI vindhyagiri ko kahIM-kahIM indragiri bhI kahA gayA hai / isa maNDapa ke tathA anyatra ke stambhoM para nartakiyoM yA apsarAoM kA sundara aMkana hai / maNDapa kA nirmANa mantrI baladeva ne 12vIM sadI meM karAyA thA / bAhubalI kI mUrti hamAre sAmane hai / isase pahale hama unake cAroM ora ke parakoTA aura usake tIna ora pradakSiNA - patha (suttAlaya ) meM pratiSThita tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM Adi kI carcA kara leM / gomaTezvara ke donoM ora khude lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa mahAmUrti ke parakoTe kA nirmANa lagabhaga 1118 I. meM gaMgarAja ( hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana ke senApati ) ne karAyA thA (zrI gaMgarAje suttAle karaviyale) / senApati bharatamayya ne uparyukta maNDapa kA karAyA thaa| unakI putrI dvArA likhAe gae lekha ke kaThagharA ( happalige) 1160 I. meM nirmANa anusAra unhoMne gaMgavADi meM 80 navIna
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 253 basadiyA~ (mandira) banavAI thIM aura 200 basadiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| ____ yahA~ barAmadoM meM jo tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ haiM unake sambandha meM zilAlekhoM se yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki nayakIti siddhAntacakravartI ke ziSya basavaseTTi ne kaThaghare kI dIvAla kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| inhIM seTTi ke putroM ne pratimAoM ke sAmane kI jAlIdAra khir3akiyA~ banavAI thiiN| isI prakAra 1510 I. ke eka zilAlekha se yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki caMgAlvanareza mahAdeva ke pradhAna saciva kezavanAtha ke putra canna bommarasa aura naJjarAyapaTana ke zrAvakoM ne gomaTezvara-maNDapa ke UparI bhAga (vallivADa) kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| suttAlaya meM kula 43 mUrtiyA~ aura gaNadhara ke caraNa haiN| ye tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ tIrthaMkaroM ke krama se nahIM haiN| sabhI mUrtiyA~ chatrayukta evaM makara-toraNa se susajjita haiM aura una sabake sAtha yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana hai| unakA Asana pA~ca siMhoM para AdhArita hai| inakI U~cAI tIna phuTa chaha iMca se lekara sAr3he cAra phuTa taka hai| makara-toraNa se yukta bAhubalI kI mUrti pA~ca phuTa kI hai| usa para chatra hai aura latAe~ haTAtI deviyoM kA bhI aMkana hai| candraprabha kI mUrti amRtazilA kI hai| candraprabha kI eka mUrti para mAravAr3I meM lekha hai ki use senavIramatajI evaM anya sajjanoM ne saMvat 1635 meM pratiSThita karAyA thaa| suttAlaya meM eka zilAlekha bhI hai| mUrtiyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM sabase prathama sthAna zravaNabelagola kI zAsanadevI kUSmANDinI devI kA hai| isa devI kI yahA~ do mUrtiyA~ (eka prArambha meM aura dUsarI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke anta meM) haiN| eka mUrti siddha bhagavAna kI hai| yaha bhI Azcarya hI hai ki tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM meM sabase pahale candraprabha kI hai aura sabase anta kI mUrti bhI candranAtha kI hai jo ki suttAlaya se bAhara hai / zAsana-devI kUSmANDinI ke atirikta anya mUrtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM-(1) candraprabha, (2) pArzvanAtha, (3) zAntinAtha, (4) AdinAtha, (5)padmaprabha, (6) ajitanAtha, (7) vAsupUjya, (8) kuMthunAtha, (9) vimalanAtha, (10) anantanAtha, (11) saMbhavanAtha, (12) supArzvanAtha, (13) pArzvanAtha (14) mallinAtha, (15) zItalanAtha, (16) abhinandananAtha, (17) candranAtha, (18) zreyAMsanAtha, (19) munisuvratanAtha, (20) sumatinAtha, (21) puSpadanta, (22) siddha parameSThI, (23) naminAtha, (24) neminAtha, (25) mahAvIra, (26) zAntinAtha, (27) arahanAtha, (28) mallinAtha, (29) munisuvratanAtha, (30) pArzvanAtha, (31) mahAvIra, (32) vimalanAtha, (33) pArzvanAtha, (34) dharmanAtha, (35) mahAvIra, (36) mallinAtha, (37) zAntinAtha, (38) saMbhavanAtha, (39) kUSmANDinI devI (40) gaNadhara-caraNa, (41) bAhubalI aura (42) bAhara kI candranAtha mUrti / ___ gomaTezvara mUrti ke sAmane jo maNDapa hai usakI muMDera para bhI dAe~ aura bAe~ cUne se nirmita kUSmANDinI devI, padmAvatI, devendra, sarasvatI aura lakSmI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| mUrti ke pIche bhI eka maNDapa hai jo lagabhaga 15 phuTa caur3A aura 90 phuTa lambA jAna par3atA hai| isakA upayoga mastakAbhiSeka ke samaya sAmagrI rakhane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / vidyatpAta se mUrti ko bacAne ke lie eka lAiTaniMga kaNDakTara bhI mUrti ke pIche lagA diyA gayA hai| mUrti ke pAsa se hI Upara jAne ke lie sIr3hiyA~ haiN| mUrti ke sAmane ke maNDapa kI chata se bhI mUrti kA UparI bhAga dekhA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha mArga sabake lie khulA nahIM hai| vahA~ se gomaTezvara
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________________ 254 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kaoNleja kA haoNsTala dikhAI detA hai jo ki gA~va se kucha dUrI para hai| bhagavAna gomaTezvara kI mUrti ke sAmane patthara kA eka prAcIna kaTagharA hai| lalita sarovara-gomaTezvara kI mUrti ke bAe~ paira ke pAsa patthara kA eka choTA-sA kuNDa hai jise 'lalita sarovara' kahA jAtA hai| gandhodaka kA jala isameM ikaTaThA hotA hai aura kA jala isameM ikaTThA hotA hai aura adhika ho jAne para bhUmigata nAlI ke dvArA parakoTe ke nIce se hotA huA kuNDa meM pahu~ca jAtA hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| jo bhI ho, pAnI bAhara jAne kI praNAlI to avazya hogI hii| mahAmUrti ke donoM ora indra aura indrANI kI bhavya mUrtiyA~ haiN| unake hAthoM meM ca~vara haiN| bhaTTAraka jI kA Asana-gomaTezvara kI dAhinI ora bhaTTAraka jI kA Asana hai| pAdapUjA ke samaya bhaTTAraka jI ke caraNa prakSAlita kie jAte haiM / usa samaya ve Asana para baiThakara kAryakartAoM ko nAriyala vitarita karate haiM / gomaTezvara bAhubalI gomaTezvara bhagavAna bAhubalI kI yaha atizayasampanna, carcita, vizAla evaM bhavya mUrti eka praphulla pASANa-kamala para khar3I huI pradarzita hai (dekheM citra kra. 95) / pUre parvata-khaNDa meM se itanI vizAla mUrti kA AkAra kalpanA meM utArane aura bhArI hathaur3I tathA chainiyoM kI nAjuka tarAza se mUti kA aMga-aMga ukerane kA kAma jitanI ekAgratA aura saMyama-sAdhanA se huA hogA, isakI kalpanA karane para romAMca ho uThatA hai / nukIlI aura saMvedanazIla nAka, ardhanimIlita dhyAnamagna netra, saumya smita oSTha, kiMcit bAhara ko nikalI huI Thor3I, suspaSTa kapola, piNDayukta kAna, mastaka taka chAye hue ghugharAle keza Adi ina sabhI se divya AbhA vAle mukha-maNDala kA nirmANa huA hai| baliSTha vistRta pRSThabhAga kA kalAtmaka nirmANa, ATha mITara caur3e balazAlI kandhe, car3hAva-utAra rahita kuhanA aura ghuTanoM ke jor3a, saMkIrNa nitamba jinakI caur3AI sAmane se tIna mITara hai aura atyadhika gola hai, aisa pratIta hote ha mAno mUrti ko saMtulana pradAna kara rahe hoN| bhItara ko ora ukerI gaI nAlodAra rIr3ha, sudRr3ha aura aDiga caraNa, sabhA ucita anupAta meM mUrti-kalA ko una apratima paramparAoM kI Ara saMketa karate haiM jinakA zArIrika prastuti se kAI sambandha nahIM hai, kyoMki tIrthaMkara yA sAdhu kA alaukika vyaktitva kevala bhautika jagat kI koI sattA nahIM, usakA nijatva to AdhyAtmika tallInatA ke Ananda meM hai / tyAga kI paripUrNatA nirAvaraNa nagnatA meM hai| sudRr3ha nizcaya, kaThora sAdhanA aura Atma-niyantraNa kI paricAyaka hai yaha khaDgAsana mudraa| isa mUrti kA nirmANa kisa mahAn zilpI ne kiyA, yaha Thoka se jJAta nahIM ho skaa| kucha vidvAna ise 'tyAgada' kI kRti mAnate haiM to kucha ariSTanemi kii| 'tyAgada' nAma nahIM jAna par3atA, baha tyAga yA dAna kA sthAna sUcita karatA hai| hA~, ariSTanemi kA nAma sAmane kI pahAr3I 'candragiri' para bharatezvara kI mUrti ke pAsa eka zilA para aMkita hai| mUrti ke pratiSThA-kAla ko lekara bhI aneka mata pracalita hue| yadi tyAgada brahmadeva stambha ke tIna ora kA zilAlekha nahIM ghisavA diyA gayA hotA to zAyada isake nirmANa-kAla kA ThIka-ThIka patA cala jaataa| astu, kavi doDayya dvArA racita 'bhujabalIcarita' (1550 I.) ke
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 255 eka zloka se jJAta hotA hai ki isakI pratiSThA kalki saMvat 600 meM, caitra zukla paMcamI ko karAI gayI thii| isa tithi aura saMvat ko lekara bhI vidvAnoM ne bhinna-bhinna kAloM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| kintu aba adhikAMza vidvAna isa bAta para sahamata haiM ki isa mahAmUrti kI pratiSThA 13 mArca 981 I. ko huI thii| usa dina caitra zukla paMcamI, ravivAra, mRgazirA nakSatra, kumbha lagna, saubhAgya yoga aura vibhava saMvatsara tathA kalki saMvat 601 thaa| pratiSThA ke 1000 varSa pUre hone para varSa 1981 IsvI meM isI tithi ko AdhAra mAnakara hI sahasrAbdI mahAmastakAbhiSeka kA Ayojana bahuta vizAla stara para kiyA gayA thaa| nAmakaraNa-AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) ke jisa 'AdipurANa' meM varNita bharata-bAhubalI AkhyAna ko sunakara cAmuNDarAya kI mAtA kAlaladevI ko bAhubalI kI prAcIna mUrti ke darzana kI icchA huI aura jisakA antima pariNAma zravaNabelagola meM bAhubalI kI mUrti kA nirmANa huA, usa mahAgrantha meM bAhubalI nAma ke atirikta "bhujabalI' aura 'dorbalI' bhI pAye jAte haiN| kintu yahA~ kI evaM karnATaka ke anya sthAnoM kI mUrtiyAM gomaTezvara ke rUpa meM hI prasiddha huiiN| yaha aitihAsika nAma svayaM cAmuNDarAya ke samaya se hI pracalita huA hai| yA phira kannar3a ke prasiddha kavi boppaNa ke 1180 I. ke usa zilAlekha ke bAda pracalita huA jo gomaTezvara-dvAra ke bAIM ora eka pASANa para utkIrNa hai| isameM kavi ne 'gommaTa jina', 'gommaTezvara' Adi ke atirikta 'bAhubalI' aura 'dakSiNa kukkaTeza' nAmoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| saMbhavata: isI ke sAtha cAmuNDarAya kA eka nAma 'gommaTa' yA 'gommaTarAya' aura zravaNabelagola kA 'gommaTapura' nAma bhI pracalita ho gyaa| cAmuNDarAya ke guru AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne 'gomaTesa thudi' aura 'gommaTasAra' kI racanA kI hai| AcAryazrI ne 'gommaTasAra' grantha ke viSaya meM spaSTa likhA hai ki unhoMne siddhAntasAgara kA maMthana karake apanA yaha 'gommaTasaMgrahasUtra' una gommaTarAya ke hitArtha racA hai jinake guru Aryasena ke ziSya bhuvanaguru ajitasenAcArya the aura jinhoMne 'gommaTagiri' (candragiri) ke zikhara para gommaTasaMgraha-jina arthAt neminAtha kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thI tathA mahAkAya 'dakSiNakukkuTajina' (vindhyagiri para bhagavAna bAhubalI) kI bhI sthApanA kI thii| isa grantha ke karmakANDa bhAga ke anta meM vaha likhate haiM "gommaTasaMgrahasuttaM gommaTasiharuvari gommaTajiNo ya / gommaTarAyaviNimmiya-dakkhiNakukkuDajiNo jayadu // 968 // " arthAt yaha gommaTasAra saMgraha gommaTarAya dvArA gommaTagiri para banavAI gayI gommaTajina pratimA (indranIlamaNi kI neminAtha kI pratimA) tathA unhIM ke dvArA hI banavAI gayI 'dakSiNa-kukkuTezvara' (bhagavAna bAhubalI) kI pratimA jayavanta ho| isa mahAmUrti kA nirmANa eka hI patthara se huA hai| na to yaha mUrti kahIM bAhara se banavAkara sthApita kI gayI hai aura na hI isake vibhinna aMgoM ko Apasa meM jor3akara isa mahAn zilpa kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM yaha eka hI Thosa, cikanI, sudRr3ha aura doSarahita akhaNDa grenAiTa zilA ko chainI se tarAzakara banAI gayI hai|
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________________ 256 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) gommaTezvara kI isa mUrti kI U~cAI nApane ke samaya-samaya para vibhinna prayatna kiye gaye haiN| sabase pahale maisUra mahArAjA kI AjJA se kavi zAntarAja paMDita ne 1820 I. meM isa mUrti ko hAtha aura aMgula ke nApa se 1/8 adhika 38 hAtha U~cI btaayaa| anantara bukanAna ne 70 phITa, belejalI (jo bAisarAya bane) ne 60 phITa 3 iMca, 1871 I. meM maisUra ke loka nirmANa vibhAga ne 56 phITa, 1885 meM maisUra ke kamiznara ne tathA 1923 meM prasiddha purAtattvavid narasiMhAcArI ne use 57 phITa U~cA btaayaa| 1957 meM maisUra ke purAtattva vibhAga ne mUrti kI nApa kI aura usakI U~cAI 58 phITa nirdhArita kI / sabase antima prayAsa 1980 meM karnATaka vizvavidyAlaya dhAravAr3a 'bhAratIya kalA itihAsa saMsthAna' ne kiyA hai| usane thiyoDolAiTa upakaraNa kI sahAyatA se isa mUrti kI U~cAI 58 phITa 8 iMca nirdhArita kI hai / vAstuvidoM ke anusAra, mUrti ke aMga-pratyaMga sahI anupAta meM nirmita kiye gaye haiM / kintu unakI dRSTi meM aMga - nyUnatA kA eka sthala unakI tIkSNa dRSTi se nahIM baca sakA / dhyAna se dekhane para bAyeM hAtha kI eka a~gulI kucha choTI banAI gayI hai| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki usa vinIta zilpI ne apanI laghutA pradarzita karane ke lie zAyada aisA kiyA ho / jaina mUrtizAstra kA vidhAna hai ki jina - pratimAoM kA aMkana yuvAvasthA evaM dhyAnamagna sthiti kA honA caahie| mUrtikAra ne isakA pUrI taraha pAlana kiyA hai / Azcarya to kevala isI bAta kA hai ki itanI bar3I zilA ke takSaNa karane meM usa pradhAna zilpI ne kitanI asAdhAraNa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai ! aura bhI adhika Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki mUrti para kI gayI camakadAra paoNliza ke kAraNa vaha hAla meM hI banI - sI lagatI hai / mUrti kI asAdhAraNatA kA paricaya dete hue zrI ke. Ara. zrInivAsana ne likhA hai : "yaha aMkana kisI bhI yuga ke sarvotkRSTa aMkanoM meM se eka hai / " gommaTezvara kI yaha mahAmUrti aba taka lAkhoM-karor3oM janakaNThoM kI prazaMsA, zraddhA evaM Azcarya kA viSaya rahI hai| san 1180 I. ke yahA~ sthita kannar3a kavi boppaNa dvArA eka zilA - lekha meM jo kAvyAtmaka kintu vAstavika mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai vaha ucita hI hai "atituMgAkRtiyA doDAgadadarolsaundarya maunnatyamuM saundaryamumAgamattazitayaMtAnAgadaunnatyamuM / nuta saundarya mumUjjitAtizayamuM tannalli nindirddhaveM kSiti saMpUjyamo gommaTezvarajina zrIrUpamAtmopamaM // 81 // " ( jaba mUrti bahuta bar3I hotI hai taba usameM saundarya nahIM A pAtA / yadi bar3I bhI huI aura saundarya bhI huA to usameM daivI prabhAva kA abhAva ho sakatA hai / para yahA~ ina tInoM ke mizraNa se gommaTezvara kI chaTA apUrva ho gaI hai / ) bAhubalI mahAmastakAbhiSeka mUrti kA nitya caraNAbhiSeka aura naimittika mahAmastakAbhiSeka zravaNabelagola kI prAcIna paripATI hai / eka zilAlekha meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki paNDitAcArya dvArA 1398 I. meM mUrti kA mastakAbhiSeka karAyA gyaa| isI lekha meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki paNDitAcArya ne isake pUrva bhI
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________________ 91. zravaNabelagola-kalyANI sarovara / Upara kI ora candragiri /
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________________ 92. zravaNabelagola-vidhyagiri yA doDDabeTTa /
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________________ 93. zravaNabelagola-vindhyagiri : tyAgadabrahmadeva-pAMca stambhoM vAlA prasiddha maNDapa /
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________________ 94. zravaNabelagola-vindhyagiri para gomaTezvara mandira ke sAmane sthApita rAlikAlajI kI ni nagarapApitAlakAyajjA kAmAta /
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________________ 95. zravaNabelagola-gomaTezvara bhagavAna baahublii|
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________________ 96. zravaNabelagola-candragiri para bharata cakravartI kI vizAla mUrti kA pRSTha bhAga / 97. zravaNabelagola-cAmuNDarAya basadi kA bAhya dRzya /
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________________ IPEAKHTRA 98. zravaNabelagola-candraguptabasadi : jAlI para utkIrNa bhadrabAhu-candragupta kthaa| 99. zravaNabelagola-pArzvanAtha basadi kA bAhya dRzya /
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________________ runn ptulistuN prdrooddu ku A daadNditjgttrugaa mNdu muNdu kaalN Naluddu ypuripdddyvaadmulu vigl sttut bhrt (kddupu rNgu ddtyu nuutnitrstduuku j muNddyn addumuku tRdi rjtuvrcrikrNdN ttiNg nnmriyddl vyyN prvsudduguvrigaaru kristunaall kth pNtN 100. Aarava_Tarf : ITIATE TRT + THE FATTATI 101.77767-7affT IT bhadrabAhu guphA meM AcArya bhadrabAha ke crnn-yugl|
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 257 sAta mastakAbhiSeka sampanna karAye the| bAda ke 600 varSoM meM bhI kucha mahAmastakAbhiSekoM kA pramukhatA se ullekha hai| 1871 I. taka aneka mastakAbhiSekoM ke bAda nimnalikhita mastakAbhiSeka bar3e paimAne para Ayojita kiye gaye : (1) 1887 I. meM kolhApura ke bhaTTAraka zrI lakSmIsena dvArA, 1910 tathA 1925 meM digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI dvArA, 1940 tathA 1953 meM maisUra rAjya zAsana dvaaraa| isake bAda 1967 meM karnATaka zAsana aura zravaNabelagola digambara jaina iMsTITyUzansa mainejiMga kameTI dvArA isa abhiSeka kA vizAla stara para Ayojana kiyA gayA / anta meM mahAmUrti kI pratiSThA ke eka hajAra varSa pUrNa hone para, 1981 I. meM ukta mainejiMga kameTI ke tattvAvadhAna meM 'akhila bhAratIya bhagavAna bAhubalI pratiSThApanA sahasrAbdI mahotsava evaM mahAmastakAbhiSeka mahotsava samiti' dvArA abhiSeka kA jo Ayojana huA thA usa avasara para isa vizAla mUrti ko saMsAra ke aneka dezoM meM acchI khyAti prApta huii| jarmanI meM abhiSeka kI filma dikhAI gyii| na kevala bhArata ke, apitu amerikA Adi dezoM ke patrakAroM, chAyAkAroM ne bhI isakI chaviyA~ prakAzita-prasArita kii| pichale eka hajAra varSoM meM aneka rAjA-mahArAjAoM ne zravaNabelagola aura usake AsapAsa ke pradezoM para rAjya kiyA yA AkramaNa kiyaa| unameM se kucha dharmadveSI bhI the, mUrtibhaMjaka bhI the / unhoMne nagara ujAr3a diye, kucheka mandira bhI naSTa yA apavitra kiye, tabAhI macAyI / ve zravaNabelagola taka bhI pahu~ce, kintu unakA vidhvaMsaka hAtha isa mUrti kI ora nahIM bar3hA, aura na hI unhoMne isa nagara tathA yahA~ ke mandiroM ko nukasAna phuNcaayaa| ise isa mahAmUrti kA vismayakArI prabhAva hI mAnA jaay| naye varSa ke dina gomaTezvara kA darzana-bhAratIya paMcAMga ke anusAra caitra mAsa varSa kA pahalA mahInA hotA hai| isa mAsa ke pahale dina gomaTezvara mUrti kA sabase pahale darzana karane ke lie bahuta se loga vindhyagiri para rAtri meM hI A jAte haiM aura subaha 4 baje uThakara, ghaNTA bajAkara bhagavAna bAhubalI kA darzana karate haiN| bhagavAna ke zubha darzana ke bAda hI usa dina ve apane sAMsArika kAryoM meM pravRtta hote haiN| candragiri zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura samrAT candragupta maurya kI tapasyA aura sallekhanAvidhi dvArA isa choTI pahAr3I (cikkabeTTa) para zarIra tyAgane se yaha sthala eka tIrtha bana gayA / munivara aura samrATa kA anukaraNa karate hue samAdhimaraNa ke lie pavitra sthAna ke rUpa meM yaha pahAr3I itanI prasiddha haI ki yahA~ ke sabase pracIna 600 I. ke zilAlekha meM ise 'kaTavapra' yA kalavappU (samAdhizikhara), tIrthagiri evaM RSigiri hI kahA gyaa| isI zilAlekha meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu aura candragupta (prabhAcandra) ke bAda, isa pahAr3I para sAta sau anya muniyoM ne kAlAntara meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| usake bAda ke sallekhanA-vidhi se zarIratyAga ke to yahA~ itane zilAlekha aura caraNa haiM ki Azcarya hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha pahAr3I eka pavitra tapobhUmi ke rUpa meM prasiddha rahI hai| jo bhI ho, samrATa candragupta ke nAma para yaha pahAr3I pichale 2 300 varSoM se 'candragiri' hI kahalAtI hai / (prasaMgavaza, yaha bhI ullekha kiyA jAtA hai ki eka candragiri aura
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________________ 258 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) hai / isa samaya vaha Adhunika kerala rAjya kI sImA meM (maMgalora ke samIpa) kAsaragoDa z2ile meM bInA nadI ke kinAre sthita hai / prAcIna samaya meM vaha mUDabidrI, kArakala, maMgalora pradeza kI tulu bhASA ke kAraNa tulunADu kI sImA thI aura isa pradeza ko kerala se pRthak karatI thI / ) candragiri samudra kI sataha se 3052 phuTa U~cI aura usakI talahaTI ke nIce maidAna se lagabhaga 225 phuTa U~cI hai| pahAr3I para jAne ke lie caTTAna meM hI kATakara banAyI gaI 222 sar3hiyA~ haiM / sIr3hiyoM ke donoM ora reliMga hai / unake bAda sApha, cikanI aura jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3a Adi kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA se rahita caTTAna para calanA hotA hai / kula milAkara car3hAI bahuta hI AsAna hai / zilAlekhoM ke prasaMga meM hamane dekhA ki san 600 I. meM yA Aja se 1400 varSa pUrva yahA~ zera, cItA, bhAlU, hariNa aura sarpa tathA phala-phUloM se lade vRkSoM kA vana thA / kintu aba yahA~ na hI vana hai aura na hI koI kA~TedAra jhAr3iyA~ / isake viparIta, jAmuna ke per3a aura candana ke per3a avazya haiM jo ki zItalatA pradAna karate haiM / hA~, bhadrabAhu guphA ke sAtha lagI jo U~cI pahAr3I hai usa para teja sanasanAtI havA calatI hai aura pattoM kI khar3akhar3AhaTa nirjana sthAna kA AbhAsa detI hai / vahA~ prAyaH yAtrI nahIM jAte / anuzruti hai ki vahIM para zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya tapasyA kiyA karate the / vahA~ bhadrabAhu svAmI ke caraNa haiM / sabase U~cI usa jagaha para eka bAra 1900 I meM, maisUranareza kRSNarAja vADiyAra gae the aura unhoMne vahA~ apanA nAma khudavA diyA thaa| aba vahA~ dhAtu kA eka stambha dekhA jA sakatA hai| usa pahAr3I kI dUsarI ora kI DhalAna bahuta sIdhI hai / vahA~ se pahAr3I lagabhaga khar3I dikhAI detI hai| candragiri para sallekhanA sambandhI lekhoM aura caraNoM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika hai| zrI zeTTara ke anusAra, "zravaNabelagola meM milane vAle 106 smArakoM meM 92 choTe pahAr3a para haiM jinameM lagabhaga 47 saMnyAsiyoM ke, 9 saMnyAsiniyoM ke aura 5 gRhasthoM ke haiM aura ye sabhI 7-8vIM sadiyoM ke haiM / " yAtriyoM ko isa bAta kI sAvadhAnI baratanI cAhie ki ve puNyAtmAoM ke caraNoM para paira rakhate hue nahIM caleM / cAmuNDarAya guNDu-arthAt cAmuNDarAya zilA / sIr3hiyoM kA pahalA daura jahA~ samApta hotA hai vahA~ bAyIM ora kucha zilAoM ko pArakara lagabhaga 18 phuTa U~cI dIvAla- jaisI eka zilA khar3I hai jo ki bIca meM lagabhaga 15 phuTa caur3I hogI / yahI 'cAmuNDarAya zilA' kahalAtI hai / yahIM khar3e hokara cAmuNDarAya ne sAmane kI viMdhyagiri para tIra calAyA thaa| aba isa zilA se sAmane kI pahAr3I para pratiSThita gomaTezvara mahAmUrti ke kandhoM se kucha nIce taka kI bhujAe~ dikhAI detI haiM / zilA para kAyotsarga mudrA meM sAta pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiM / bIca kI mUrti spaSTa hai aura chatrayukta hai / caraNa-pahAr3I para jAne ke lie banI 114 sIr3hiyA~ car3hane ke bAda, binA sIr3hiyoM kI eka zilA ke samIpa eka bahuta bar3I caTTAna hai / usa para caraNa haiM / ye caraNa aura Upara car3hane para 180vIM sIr3hI se dikhAI dete haiM / toraNadvAra aura Upara arthAt 192 sIr3hiyA~ car3hane para eka sAdhAraNa toraNadvAra milatA hai / vaha do stambhoM para AdhArita hai aura usa para kevala eka zilA jamAI gaI hai / yaha toraNa
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 259 nIce talahaTI se bhI dikhAI detA hai| ___ kula 222 sIr3hiyA~ car3ha cukane ke bAda sAfa-sutharI aura sarala caTTAna para calanA hotA hai| yahA~ se candragiri ke mandira-samUha kA parakoTA aura mAnastambha dikhAI dete haiN| rAste meM bhI eka zilAlekha aura caraNa haiM / lekha zAyada kannar3a meM yA kisI dakSiNa bhAratIya lipi meM hai| kucha aura Age bar3hane para eka gola-sI bar3I caTTAna hai| usa para caraNa haiM aura usake Asa-pAsa kamala ke phUla kA gherA hai aura kannar3a meM lekha hai| vahA~ jisane bhI samAdhimaraNa kiyA hogA usane gomaTezvara mahAmUrti ko dekhate hue zarIra tyAgA hogA, kyoMki vahA~ se gomaTezvara spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| inake bAda AtA hai eka kuNDa aura usake bAda hama parakoTe ke samIpa pahu~ca jAte haiN| parakoTA-candragiri mandira-samUha eka parakoTe se ghirA huA hai jisakI lambAI 500 phaTa aura caur3AI 225 phaTa hai| isa parakoTe meM teraha mandira, sAta maNDapa, do mAnastambha aura bharatezvara kI eka mUrti haiM / isa parakoTA ko 19vIM sadI ke prArambha meM puTTaNaseTTi ne banavAyA thaa| parakoTe ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / dvAra ke Upara zikhara hai| sambhavataH brahmayakSa kI mUrti hai jisake donoM hAtha khaNDita jAna par3ate haiN| kUge brahmadeva stambha-uparyukta dvAra se praveza karate hI 30 phuTa U~cA eka stambha dikhAI detA hai jo ki kUge brahmadeva stambha kahalAtA hai| isake sAmane koI mandira nahIM hai, isalie ise mAnastambha kahanA kaThina hai| vAstava meM yaha jainadharmAvalambI gaMganareza mArasiMha kA smAraka stambha hai / isa nareza ne apane jIvana meM aneka jinamandira aura mAnastambha banavAe the tathA vitAra' kI upAdhi grahaNa kI thii| isa stambha ke cAroM ora jo zilAlekha hai usase yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki isa nareza ne apane antima samaya meM rAjya kA parityAga karake tIna dina taka sallekhanA vrata kA pAlana karate hue ajitasena bhaTTAraka ke samIpa baMkApura meM apanA zarIra 974 I. meM tyAgA thaa| inhoMne rASTrakUTa-nareza indrarAja (caturtha) kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA thA, mAnyakheTa ke nRpa kRSNarAja kI senA ko, gurjareza, banavAsInareza, nolambazAsaka, caur3anareza, cera, cola, pANDya, pallava narezoM ko parAsta kiyA thA tathA aneka durga jIte the / unakI upAdhiyA~ thIM-gaMgacUr3AmaNi, gaMgasiMha, gaMgakaMdarpa, kogaNivarmadharmamahArAja aadi| inhIM mArasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI the-rAcamalla (caturtha) jinake senApati aura mantrI cAmuNDarAya ne gomaTezvara mahAmUrti kA nirmANa kraayaa| uparyukta stambha kalAtmaka hai| usakI caukI ATha hAthiyoM para AdhArita thI kintu aba kucha hI hAthI zeSa bace haiN| caukI cAra staroM kI hai| sabase Upara eka caukora Asana para brahmayakSa kI tIna phuTa U~cI padmAsana pratimA hai / Asana se ghaNTiyA~ laTakatI pradarzita haiN| uparyukta stambha se bAe~ mur3ane para balipITha hai / usakI eka zilA para do caraNa evaM lekha zAntinAtha basadi-bAyIM ora yaha sabase pahalA kintu choTA mandira hai| isake mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha haiN| unakI khaDgAsana pratimA kAle pASANa kI hai aura 12 phuTa 10 iMca U~cI hai| phalaka mUrti ke ghuTanoM taka hI hai| mUrti ke pIche yA Asa-pAsa kisI prakAra kA AdhAra nahIM hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki mUrti kA kucha AdhAra-bhAga jamIna ke andara bhI hogaa| eka anuzruti
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________________ 260 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) yaha bhI hai ki yaha mUrti rAmAyaNa-kAla kI hai| jo bhI ho, mUrti prazAnta mudrA meM bhavya evaM acchI hAlata meM hai| gomaTezvara kI mUrti ke bAda jo U~cI mUrtiyA~ zravaNabelagola meM haiM, unameM isa mUrti kA sthAna dUsarA hai / isa mandira kA 1979 I. meM jIrNoddhAra kiyA gayA hai| mandira kI chata aura dIvAloM para sundara citrakArI dhuMdhalI evaM aspaSTa hai / mandira 10vIM-11vIM sadI kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| ___ mahAnavamI maNDapa-uparyukta mandira ke pAsa hI do mahAnavamI maNDapa haiN| ye cAra-cAra stambhoM para AdhArita haiN| inakI U~cAI lagabhaga 15 phuTa hai| donoM meM zilAlekha haiM jinase jJAta hotA hai ki uttarI maNDapa kA nirmANa 1176 I. meM AcArya nayakIrti ke samAdhi-maraNa kI smRti meM mantrI nAgadeva ne karAyA thaa| dakSiNI maNDapa meM AcArya devakIrti kA smAraka hai| san 1313 I. meM AcArya zubhacandra kI smRti svarUpa eka zilAlekha dakSiNI maNDapa meM jor3A gyaa| dazahare se pahale, navamI ke dina yahA~ bhagavAna kI pUjana kI eka vizeSa paramparA rahI bharatezvara pratimA-mahAnavamI maNDapa ke pazcima meM aura uparyukta kakSa ke pAsa eka khule sthAna para lagabhaga 9 phuTa U~cI eka mUrti (citra kra. 96) hai jo ghuTanoM se nIce jamIna (caTTAna) meM hI hai / anuzruti ise bAhubalI ke jyeSTha bhrAtA bharata kI mUrti batAtI hai / mUrti ke vakSasthala para pA~ca gola nizAna haiM aura isI prakAra ke gola nizAna mUrti ke hAthoM para bhI haiN| mUrti para AghAta karane se kAMse kI-sI AvAz2a nikalatI thI, isa kAraNa sthAnIya baccoM ne ise mUrti kI AvAz2a sunane kA khela banA liyA thaa| unhIM kI zarArata ke kAraNa ye nizAna mUrti para par3a gae haiN| isalie aba mUrti ke cAroM ora kA~TedAra tAra lagA die gae haiN| bharatezvara kI mUrti ko lekara vidvAnoM ne taraha-taraha kI aTakaleM lagAI haiM / kucha pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAnoM kA yaha mata hai ki mUrti adhUrI chor3a dI gii| bAta avizvasanIya lagatI hai| jisa candragiri kI pArzvanAtha basadi meM pArzvanAtha kI lagabhaga 15 phuTa U~cI sundara mUrti gomaTezvara kI mUrti se bhI prAcIna ho, jisa karnATaka meM atyantra bhI sundara aura U~cI bAhubalI mUrtiyA~ (aihola, bAdAmI) gomaTezvara se bhI purAnI maujUda hoM, vahA~ isa mUrti ke nirmANa ke lie kyA koI aisA zilpI lagAyA gayA hogA jise anupAta kA jJAna hI na ho aura vaha isa prakAra kAma kare ki mUrti ghuTanoM taka hI bane ? mAmUlI zilpI bhI aisA nahIM kregaa| vaha pahale apanA mApa sthira kregaa| jaina mUrti-kalA sambandhI granthoM meM bhI anupAta die rahate haiN| phira kauna aisA zraddhAlU hogA jisane eka anAr3I zilpI ko kAma para lagAkara adhUrI mUrti ke kAraNa apane ko abhAgI mAnA hogA? yadi ghuTanoM se noce pairoM, unakI u~galiyoM Adi kA takSaNa zeSa raha gayA hotA to bhI ise adhUrI mAna sakate the| kintu ghuTanoM se nIce to pahAr3I sataha kI zilA A gaI hai| isase yaha anumAna sahI hai ki yaha mUrti banavAI hI ghuTanoM taka hai| mUrti se kucha hI dUrI para eka zilAlekha hai usameM itanA hI par3hA jAtA hai ki..."ziSyara ariDonemiru mADisiddar siddhaM" arthAt ".. ke ziSya ariSTanemi ne bnvaayaa|" isa lekha se kucha vidvAnoM ne anumAna kara liyA ki zilpI kA nAma ariSTanemi thA aura usane gomaTezvara kI mUrti banAne se pahile bharatazvara kI isa mUrti ko prayoga ke rUpa meM banAyA hogaa| prazna uThatA
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 261 hai ki kyA yaha prayoga vidhyagiri kI kisI zilA para nahIM ho sakatA thA ? kyA prayoga ke lie nau phuTa U~cI mUrti banAnA Avazyaka thA ? aura vaha bhI to Adarza mUrti nahIM bana sakI ! zilpI rUpa-rekhA avazya banAte haiM (jaise khajurAho ke mandiroM meM kahIM-kahIM pattharoM para dekhane ko milatI haiM kintu athaka zrama karake nau phuTa U~cI adhUrI pratimA hI kyoM banAte ! kucha jaina vidvAn yA paryaTaka yaha mAna lete haiM ki yaha eka khaNDita mUrti hai / kintu prastuta lekhaka kA yaha suvicArita mata hai ki na to yaha mUrti adhUrI hai aura na hI khaNDita | isakA sambandha bharata-bAhubalI ke akhyAna se hai jisake anusAra bAhubalI ne bharata ko dhIre se nIce utArakara U~cI bhUmi para virAjamAna kara diyA thA (AdipurANa), aura usakA pariNAma yaha huA thA ki bharata zarma se mAno jamIna meM gar3a gae ( hindI bhASA meM 'zarma se jamIna meM gar3a jAnA' muhAvarA bahuta pracalita hai ) / isalie yaha mUrti bharata kI uparyukta sthiti ko sUcita karane ke lie jAnabUjhakara isI prakAra kI banAI gaI hai / aura bhI pramANa cAhie to mUrti ke pAsa khar3e hokara dekhie| bAhubalI sAmane kI pahAr3I para bahuta U~ce khar3e haiM -- ve bhAI ko kSamAkara bahuta U~ce uTha gaeaura bharata lajjita ho gae / 'mahAbhiSeka smaraNikA' meM DaoN. harIndrabhUSaNa jaina ne puNyakuzalagaNI ke bharata - bAhubalI kAvyam (vi. saM. 17vIM zadI) se eka zloka uddhRta karate hue likhA hai, "mahArAja bharata ke daNDaprahAra se bAhubalI ghuTane taka bhUmi meM dha~sa gaye / jaba bAhubalI ne daNDaprahAra kiyA taba bharata kI jo sthiti huI usakA avalokana kIjie "AkaNThaM narapatirviveza bhUmau tadghAtAccharabha ivAdrikandarAyAm // (bAhubalI ke tIvra prahAra se bharata gale taka bhUmi meM praveza kara gaye, jaise zarabha pahAr3a kI guphA meM praveza kara jAtA hai / ) ataH bharatezvara kI yaha mUrti pratIkAtmaka hai / vidhyagiri para RSabhadeva aura unake dIkSita putra, bharata aura bAhubalI mandira, gomaTezvara mahAmUrti tathA candragiri kI bharata - mUrti - ye saba milAkara bharata - bAhubalI AkhyAna ke vibhinna prasaMgoM - pariNAmoM [ jaise bharata kA bhI anta meM muni ho jAnA aura bAhubalI ke samAna hI pUjya honA - ( bharata mandira ) ] ke dRzya rUpa meM isa kathAnaka ko hamAre sAmane upasthita karate haiN| pArzvanAtha basadi ( na ki supArzvanAtha basadi ) - uparyukta bharatezvara mUrti se Age lagabhaga 25 phuTa lambA aura 14 phuTa caur3A eka choTA mandira hai / vahA~ likhA hai 'supArzvanAtha bastI' / sambhava hai vahA~ kisI samaya supArzvanAtha kI pratimA rahI ho / kintu vartamAna meM vahA~ pArzvanAtha kI tIna phuTa U~cI padmAsana pratimA virAjamAna hai| tIrthaMkara para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai aura sarpakuNDalI pRSTha bhAga taka pradarzita hai / kamalAsana para pratiSThita mUrti ke pIche ke phalaka para donoM ora do-do vyAla eka ke Upara eka aMkita haiM aura donoM kandhoM se Upara AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta caeNvaradhArI banAe gae haiM jo ki mUrti ke mastaka se Upara taka utkIrNa haiM / unakA sundara U~cA mukuTa bhI dekhane lAyaka hai / yaha jJAta nahIM hai ki kisane aura kaba isa mandira kA nirmANa karAyA /
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________________ 262 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) candraprabha mandira (basadi)-pArzvanAtha basadi ke nikaTa hI, yaha basadi 42 phuTa lambI aura 25 phuTa caur3I hai / isake sAmane balipITha aura sundara sopAna-a~galA hai| garbhagRha meM candranAtha kI tIna phuTa pA~ca iMca U~cI padmAsana pratimA hai| kAle pASANa kI isa pratimA kA bhAmaNDala alaMkRta hai aura Asana kA bhAra tIna siMhoM ke kandhoM para hai / garbhagRha ke bAhara zyAma yakSa aura yakSiNI jvAlAmAlinI sthApita haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ bhI sundara haiN| mandira ke sAmane kI eka gola caTTAna para 'zivamArana basadi' utkIrNa hai| usase aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki isa basadi kA nirmANa gaMgavaMzIya nareza zrIpuruSa ke putra zivamAra dvitIya ne karAyA thaa| isa prakAra yaha basadi 800 I. ke lagabhaga nirmita jAna par3atI hai| mUrti para lekha hai : "zrI mUlasaMghada dezIya gaNada vakragaccha bsdi|" isase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki yaha mUrti mUlasaMgha ke dezIya gaNa ke vakragaccha se sambandhita hai| cAmuNDarAya basadi-gomaTezvara mahAmUrti ke nirmAtA cAmuNDarAya dvArA 982 I. meM nirmita mAnA jAne vAlA yaha mandira candragiri para sabase sundara aura bar3A mandira mAnA jAtA hai (dekheM citra kra. 97) / yaha basadi 68 phuTa lambI aura 36 phuTa caur3I hai| mandira kI U~cAI 44 phuTa hai / yahA~ eka sUcanApaTTa lagA hai ki yaha mandira bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa dvArA eka saMrakSita smAraka hai| usake pAsa caraNa aura lekha haiN| mandira ke sAmane ke nicale bhAga meM bhI eka lekha hai / balipITha hai aura sopAna-jaMgale para kamala puSpa kA aMkana hai| praveza ke lie candrazilA aura dasa sIr3hiyA~ haiN| isa prakAra yaha mandira U~cAI para bhI banA hai| bAharI dvAra ke donoM ora zilAlekha hai : "zrI cAmuNDarAja mADisidaM" arthAt cAmuNDarAya ne banavAyA / isase siddha hai ki gomaTezvara mahAmUrti ke nirmANa ke bAda 982 I. meM yaha mandira bnaa| dvAra kI caukhaTa para sundara utkIrNana hai| garbhagRha meM neminAtha kI cAra phaTa U~cI kAle pASANa kI padmAsana mati chatratrayI se yukta hai| ca~varadhArI mastaka se Upara aMkita haiN| makara-toraNa kI bhI saMyojanA hai| koNIya Asana pA~ca siMhoM para AdhArita hai| - neminAtha kI mUrti para jo lekha (lagabhaga 1138 I. kA ) hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki gaMgarAja ke putra ecaNa ne trailokyaraMjana mandira banavAyA thaa| sambhava hai ki ecaNa dvArA banavAyA gayA mandira naSTa ho gayA aura usameM pratiSThApita mUrti yahA~ lAkara virAjamAna kara dI gaI ho| kSetra kI adhiSThAtrI devI kUSmANDinI devI kI sundara pratimA bhI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~ce phalaka para hai| devI ke U~ce mukuTa ke Upara vana kA AkarSaka aMkana hai| usameM mora, cir3iyA~ aura zera bhI aMkita haiN| isI prakAra sarvAhna yakSa kI mUrti bhI phalaka sahita cAra phuTa ke lagabhaga U~cI hai / yakSa kA mukuTa U~cA hai aura gola gheroM meM patrAvalI AkarSaka DhaMga se utkIrNa hai| ___ agramaNDapa ke atirikta, basadi meM 16 stambhoM kA eka maNDapa aura hai| kucha stambhoM para kalaza aura kumbha kA sundara utkIrNana hai| Upara chata meM patra-latA ke ghere meM eka bar3A kamala utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| vaise to candragiri para sabhI mandira dravir3a zailI ke haiM kintu isa mandira kI dravir3a zailI atyanta AkarSaka hai / mandira jitanA vizAla hai utanA hI usakA bAharI bhAga bhavya aura AkarSaka hai| caur3I zilAoM se nirmita bAhara kI sAdI dIvAloM ke hote hue bhI isakI muMDera aura dAkSiNAtya
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 263 zailI ke zikhara kI racanA-zailI atyanta ucca koTi kI zilpakalA kA udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai / padmAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI paMktiyA~, ha~soM kI zRMkhalA, hAthiyoM aura siMhoM kI vyAla rUpa meM katAra, mIna (machalI) kA utkRSTa aMkana, yakSa-yakSiNiyA~, sughar3a devakoSTha, choTe-choTe gulAboM kI sajAvaTa, kubera kI pratimA, agalA pa~jA khar3A karake baiThe hue siMha, kahIM-kahIM dahAr3ate siMha aura bhakta naranAriyoM kA utkRSTa evaM AkarSaka aMkana hai| aSTakoNIya kama U~cA zikhara guMbadadAra hai| isa basadi kI mohaka apsarAoM meM se eka ke bAre meM zrI zeTTara ne likhA hai : "muMDera ke kaI ubhAracitra bhAratIya kalA itihAsa kI sarvotkRSTa kRtiyoM meM se haiM / yauvana, khUbasUratI tathA niSkapaTatA se camakatI huI kumArI unameM se eka hai|" isa basadi kI Upara kI maMz2ila 'megala basadi' (Upara kA mandira) kA nirmANa cAmuNDarAya ke putra jinadevana ne 995 I. meM karAyA thA aisA lekha se jJAta hotA hai| Upara jAne ke lie 20 sIr3hiyA~ haiM jinameM se kucha bahuta hI choTI haiN| choTI sIr3hiyoM para AvAz2a gUMjatI hai| Upara ke mandira ke garbhagRha meM pAzvanAtha kI 5 phaTa UMcI kAyotsaga pratimA hai| usa para sAta phaNa aura chatratrayI haiM / sarpa-kuNDalI nIce taka AI hai| pAdamUla meM yakSa-yakSI bhI aMkita haiM / eka sarpaphalaka bhI hai / kulA milAkara cAmuNDarAya basadi eka uttama mandira hai| sabase mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki isI mandira meM baiThakara AcArya nemicandra ne prasiddha jainagrantha 'gommaTasAra' kI racanA kI thii| eraDukaTTe basadi-kannar3a bhASA meM eraDu kA artha hai 'do' / isa mandira ke cabUtare ke donoM ora sIr3hiyA~ haiM, isa kAraNa ise 'eraDukaTTe basadi' kahA jAtA hai| basadi kI lambAI 45 phuTa aura caur3AI 26 phuTa hai| garbhagRha meM AdinAtha kI lagabhaga sAr3he tIna phuTa U~cI padmAsana mUrti hai / usa para tIna bar3e chatra haiM aura donoM ora ca~varadhArI mastaka se bhI Upara chatra taka pradarzita haiM / unakA mukuTa bahuta U~cA hai| mUrti sundara makara-toraNa se alaMkRta hai aura usakA Asana pA~ca siMhoM hara AdhArita hai| garbhagRha se bAhara yakSI cakrezvarI kA mukuTa U~cA hai aura vRkSa meM choTebar3e laTakate hue phala dikhAe gae haiN| isI prakAra gomeda yakSa bhI U~cA mukuTa dhAraNa kie hue hai| patrAvalI aura makara-toraNa se yakSa kI mUrti bhavya dikhatI hai| mandira kI chata para kamala kA utkIrNana hai| navaraMga meM 6 stambha haiN| inameM jo ghaNTAkAra stambha haiM unameM se eka meM lekha milA hai jo isa mandira kA nirmANa 9vIM sadI yA 10vIM sadI ke prArambha meM siddha karatA hai| RSabhadeva ke siMhAsana para utkIrNa lekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki 1117 I. meM gaMgarAja kI patnI lakSmIdevI ne isa mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha sambhava hai ki yaha mandira unake samaya meM jIrNa avasthA meM rahA ho aura unhoMne purAne stambhoM Adi kA prayoga kara isakA jIrNoddhAra karA diyA ho| mandira kI sIr3hiyoM se lagA eka zilAlekha bhI hai| uparyukta basadi ke bAhara cAra stambhoM kA maNDapa hai jisameM cAra zilAlekha haiN| savatigandhavAraNa basadi-isa mandira kA nAma hI manoraMjaka hai| 'savatigandhavAraNa' kA artha hai- 'sauta rUpI matta hAthI ko niyantrita karane vaalii'| yaha vizeSaNa yahA~ isa mandira ke nirmANa sambandhI zilAlekha meM hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana kI paTarAnI zAntalAdevI (paricaya ke lie dekhie halebiDa prakaraNa) ke lie prayukta huA hai| usa atyanta rUpavatI, nRtya-saMgIta meM
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________________ 264 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) pravINa, kuzala rAjanItijJa, parama jinabhaktA rAnI ne yaha mandira 1123 I. meM banavAyA thaa| usane aura bhI jinAlaya banavAe the| yaha basadi 69 phuTa lambI aura 35 phuTa caur3I hai| garbhagRha meM zAntinAtha kI padmAsana mUrti pA~ca phuTa UMcI hai| usa para tIna bar3e chatra haiM aura U~ce mukuTa vAle ca~varadhArI haiM / pA~ca siMhoM ke Asana aura makara-toraNa kI bhI saMyojanA hai| garbhagRha ke bAhara yakSa kimpuruSa aura yakSI mahAmAnasI kI mUrtiyoM kA phalaka lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cA hai| chata para kamala kA utkIrNana hai / navaraMga meM ATha stambha haiM jina para sundara paoNliza hai| 'savatigandhavAraNa basadi' ke pAsa bhI cAra stambhoM kA eka maNDapa hai| usameM cAroM ora zilAlekha hai| isI prakAra bAyIM ora paTTamahiSI zAntalAdevI kA zilAlekha hai jisameM Upara tIrthaMkara aura ca~vara haiN| terina basadi-kannar3a meM ratha ko teru kahate haiN| mUlanAyaka bAhubalI ke 70 phuTa lambe aura 26 phaTa caur3e mandira ke sAmane ratha ke AkAra jaisI eka racanA hai| usa para bAvana jinamUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM jo nandIzvara kI pratIka haiM / jo bhI ho, yaha rathAkAra nirmiti sAmane hone ke kAraNa isa bAhubalI mandira kA nAma 'terina basadi' par3a gyaa| bAhubalI kI mUrti lagabhaga cAraphuTa U~cI hai| rathAkAra racanA para utkIrNa lekha ke anusAra hoysalanareza ke samaya poysalaseTTi kI mAtA mAcikabbe aura nemiseTTi kI mAtA zAntikabbe ne nandIzvara aura bAhubalI mandira donoM ko banavAyA thaa| bAhubalI kI pA~ca phuTa U~cI mUrti para gola gheroM meM latAe~ banI haiM / bAhubalI ke hAtha aura pairoM para latAoM ke do veSTana (lapeTa) haiN| sarpa yA bA~bI Adi kucha bhI nahIM hai| mUrti kamalAsana para sthita hai| chata para kamala kA utkIrNana hai / maNDapa meM cAra stambha haiN| isa mandira meM sarvAhna yakSa aura ambikA yakSI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| mandira para zikhara hai| terinabasadi ke sAmane yA to kamala ke Upara balipITha hai yA koI mAnastambha banane se raha gayA hai| draviDa zailI kI isa racanA meM 9 tala yA stara haiN| chaThe stara para cAroM ora padmAsana tIrthaMkara haiN| zAntIzvara basadi-U~ce sthAna para bane isa mandira meM 21 sIr3hiyA~ car3hakara jAnA hotA hai| mandira 56 phuTa lambA aura 30 phuTa caur3A hai| sIr3hiyoM ke bAyIM ora Teka (saporTa) lagAe gae haiM tAki caukI ko bacAyA jA ske| mandira kA jIrNoddhAra huA hai| sImeMTa ke bhI kucha naye stambha lagAe gae haiN| garbhagRha meM zAntinAtha kI kAle pASANa kI chaha phuTa ke lagabhaga U~cI mUrti hai / phalaka ke pIche hAthI para indra-indrANI aMkita haiN| pratimA ke Asa-pAsa yakSa-yakSI haiN| ve bAhara bhI sthApita kie gae haiM / mandira kA zikhara anya mandiroM kI zailI ke anusAra dravir3a zailI kA hai| isa basadi ko gaMgarAja ke jyeSTha bhrAtA bommaNa ke putra ecimayya ne 1117 I. meM banavAyA thaa| usane aura bhI aneka sthAnoM para mandira banavAe haiN| candragiri parvata ke tIna ora jalapUrita choTe-choTe kuNDa haiN| eka ora dvAra bhI hai| terina basadi ke pIche do maNDapa haiN| eka meM tIna zilAlekha haiM aura dUsare meM eka / ye gaMga-parivAra ke sadasyoM tathA muni vidyadeva ko smRti meM banAe gae maNDapa meM haiN| inake nikaTa do aura maNDapa haiM / san 1145 I. ke maNDapa meM paTTamahiSI zAntalA kI mAtA mAcikabbe kI samAdhi (1131 I.) kA aura dUsare meM usake bhAI baladeva aura siMgimayya kI mRtyu kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 265 eraDukaTTe basadi ke poche do phuTa ke caraNa haiN| * majjigaNa basadi-sambhavata: majjigaNa nAma ke kisI vyakti ne ise banavAyA hogaa| zilAlekha ke abhAva meM isakA nirmANa-kAla nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / eka cabUtare para nirmita yaha basadi 32 phuTa lambI aura 18 phuTa caur3I hai| isake pravezadvAra ke siradala para padmAsana tIrthakara haiM / mUlanAyaka anantanAtha kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga pratimA hai jisa para makara-toraNa kI saMyojanA hai / mUrti ke pAdamUla meM yakSa aura yakSI sthApita haiN| navaraMga meM golAkAra stambha haiM / bAharI dIvAla para puSpa aura pUrNakumbha kA sundara aMkana hai| isase agalA mandira 'zAsana basadi' hai / cAmuNDarAya basadi aura zAsana basadi ke bIca meM dAhinI ora ke maNDapa meM bhI eka zilAlekha hai| zAsana basadi-isa mandira ke bAyIM ora mandira se saTA eka zilAlekha (kannar3a meM zAsana) hai| zAyada usI kAraNa yaha basadi 'zAsana basadi' kahalAtI hai / san 1137 I. ke isa zilAlekha meM kahA gayA hai ki hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana ke senApati (daNDanAyaka) gaMgarAja ne apanI vIratA ke paritoSika svarUpa viSNuvardhana se 'parama' nAma kA gA~va prApta kiyA thaa| isa gA~va ko unhoMne apanI mAtA pocaladevI tathA patnI lakSmIdevI dvArA nirmita zravaNabelagola ke mandiroM ke lie dAna kara diyaa| inhIM gaMgarAja ne gomaTezvara kA parakoTA bhI banavAyA thA evaM aneka sthaloM para jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| dhana kI rakSA ke lie zAsana meM kahA gayA hai ki jo koI isa dAna-dravya meM hastakSepa karegA vaha kurukSetra evaM banArasa meM sAta karor3a RSiyoM, kapilA gAyoM aura vedajJa paNDitoM ke ghAta kA bhAgI hogA / zilAlekha ko ukerane vAlA zilpI vardhamAnAcArI thaa| 'zAsana basadi' kI lambAI 55 phuTa aura caur3AI 26 phuTa hai| garbhagRha meM AdinAtha kI pA~ca phuTa unnata pratimA chatratrayI, makara-toraNa evaM kIrtimukha se sajjita hai| vaha pA~ca siMhoM ke Asana para pratiSThita hai| donoM ora puruSa ca~varadhArI chatra taka U~ce haiM aura U~cA mukuTa pahine haiN| bAhara gomeda yakSa aura yakSI cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| sabhAmaNDapa meM chaha stambha haiN| pratimA para lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha 'indrakulAgRha' gaMgarAja ne banavAyA thaa| kattale basadi-candragiri para yaha sabase bar3A mandira hai| isakI lambAI 124 phuTa aura caur3AI 40 phuTa hai| itane lambe-caur3e mandira meM kevala eka hI daravAz2A hai| usake atirikta na koI khir3akI hai aura na hI koI jhrokhaa| pariNAma-mandira meM aNdheraa| aura kannar3a meM a~dhere ko 'kattale' kahate haiN| isalie isa mandira kA nAma hI par3a gayA 'kattale basadi' arthAt a~dherevAlA mndir| isameM eka pradakSiNApatha bhI hai jo kisI anya mandira meM nahIM hai| garbhagaha meM AdinAtha kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI padmAsana mUrti pA~ca siMhoM ke Asana para sthApita hai aura makaratoraNa se alaMkRta hai| U~ce mukuTavAle ca~varadhArI bhagavAna ke mastaka se Upara taka aMkita haiN| bAhara yakSa-yakSI bhI haiN| vizAla sabhAmaNDapa ke stambhoM para mauktika mAlAoM kA utkIrNana hai| kula 22 stambha haiN| chata meM kamala bhI utkIrNa hai| isa mandira ke bAhara eka dIvAla bhI hai| usake kAraNa jo eka hI daravAz2A hai usase bhI pUrA prakAza andara nahIM A pAtA (kintu aba garbhagRha ke bhagavAna ke donoM ora kI dIvAla
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________________ 266 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) tor3akara a~dherA dUra kara diyA gayA hai aura pradakSiNA-patha meM bhI jharokhA lagA diyA gayA hai) sambhavataH isase saTI 'candragupta basadi' meM padmAvatI kI pratimA ke kAraNa ise padmAvatI basadi bhI kahA jAtA hai| mandira para zikhara nahIM hai kinta sthAnIya jaina maTha meM isake nakze meM zikhara bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| isameM Upara kA khaNDa bhI hai kintu jIrNa hone ke kAraNa aba banda kara diyA gayA hai| batAyA jAtA hai mastakAbhiSeka ke samaya vahA~ mahilAoM ke baiThane kA prabandha rahatA thaa| DaoN. hIrAlAla jI jaina dvArA 1928 meM saMgrahIta 'jaina zilAlekha saMgraha' bhAga-1 meM ullekha hai ki isa basadi kI UparI maMjila meM AdIzvara kI mUrti ke siMhapITha para 1118 I. kA eka lekha hai jisake anusAra daNDanAyaka gaMgayya ne apanI mAtA pocabbe ke lie isa basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isI prakAra maisUra rAjakula kI do mahilAoM-devIrammaNi aura kempamaNNi ne 1858 I. ke lagabhaga isakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| purAtattvavid zrI ke. vI. sauMdara rAjan ne 'jaina kalA evaM sthApatya' meM eka aura nayA tathya hamAre sAmane rakhA hai| unakA kathana hai, "kRSNavarNa ke pASANa se nirmita hone ke kAraNa 'kattale basadi' ke nAma se prasiddha yaha mandira candragiri para sabase bar3A mandira hai| kahIM, aisA to nahIM ki yaha mandira kAle patthara ke kAraNa bhI kattale basadi khlaayaa| isI prakAra zrI zeTTara (zravaNabelagola) ne likhA hai, "kattale basadi yA a~dherI basadi ko itanA badalA yA parivartita kiyA gayA ki jyAdA-kama usake mUla abhilakSaNa kho gaye haiN|" candragupta basadi-yadi isa basadi ko eka pRthak mandira mAnA jAe to candragiri para yaha sabase choTA mandira kahA jA sakatA hai-mAtra 22 phuTa lambA aura 16 phuTa caur3A / isake garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM nau phaNoM kI chAyA meM kamalAsana para pratiSThita hai| unake bAyIM ora padmAvatI kI aura dAhinI ora kUSmANDinI devI kI pratimAeM haiN| isa prakAra yahA~ tIna choTe garbhagRha kahe jA sakate haiM / galiyAre meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / isa mandira ke pravezamaNDapa ke dvAra kI caukhaTa para bahuta sundara utkIrNana hai| usake donoM ora pattharoM kI jAlI yA jAlarandhra haiN| isameM eka ora paiMtAlIsa tathA dUsarI ora paiMtAlIsa isa prakAra kUla 90 pASANa-citra haiM jinameM govardhanAcArya, zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya kI dakSiNa-yAtrA se sambandhita selakhar3I citra (dekheM citra kra. 98) bane hue haiM jinakA dhArmika evaM aitihAsika bar3A mahattva hai / 'antardvandvoM ke pAra : gommaTezvara bAhubalI' ke lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka cArukIti jI kI sahAyatA se inakA pUrA vivaraNa kramabaddha rUpa se apanI uparyukta pustaka meM diyA hai| ye citra dAsoja nAma ke zilpI ne bArahavIM sadI meM lagabhaga 1146 I. meM utkIrNa kie gaye the| citroM kI yojanA bhI vaijJAnika hai| eka AyatAkAra citra ke bAda lagabhaga vargAkAra sthAna chor3A gayA hai tAki havA aura rozanI A sake / bAhara se mandira dravir3a zailI kA hai aura usa para gumbaja jaisA zikhara bhI hai| vartamAna meM yaha mandira bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa vibhAga ke antargata eka saMrakSita smAraka hai| mandira kI prAcInatA ke bAre meM purAtattvavid zrI ke. Ara. zrInivAsana ne 'jaina kalA evaM sthApatya' (khaNDa-2) hindI saMskaraNa meM likhA hai, "dakSiNa ke sampUrNa prastara nirmita prAcIna mandiroM meM sarvAdhika prAcIna vidyamAna jaina mandiroM ke rUpa meM tIna sAdhAraNa vimAna-mandiroM kA
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 267 samUha hai jise 'candragupta basadi ' kahA jAtA hai|'' candragupta se pAramparika rUpa se jur3e hue ye tInoM vimAna mandira yA trikUTa zravaNabelagola aura usake nikaTavartI kSetra ke sarvAdhika prAcIna vidyamAna vAstu-smAraka haiM jo lagabhaga 850 I. ke kahe jA sakate haiM / " kattale basadi aura candragupta basadi atirikta tIsarI kauna-sI basadi isameM zAmila hai yaha unhoMne spaSTa nahIM kiyA / candragupta basadi ke sAmane lagabhaga do phuTa lambe caraNa eka vargAkAra ghere meM haiM / basadi ke sAmane balipITha bhI hai / pArzvanAtha basadi - yaha eka vizAla mandira hai jisakI lambAI 59 phuTa aura caur3AI 29 phuTa hai (dekheM citra kra. 99 ) / yahA~ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI lagabhaga 15 phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti kamalAsana para pratiSThita hai / gomaTezvara kI mahAmUrti ke bAda yahI mUrti candragiri para sabase vizAla hai / isakA nirmANa-kAla to jJAta nahIM hai kintu cAmuNDarAya sambandhI vRttAnta meM ullekha hai ki unhoMne mahAmUrti ke nirmANa se pahale pArzvanAtha ke darzana kie the| mUrti bhavya aura prAcIna hai| pArzvanAtha para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai / sarpakuNDalI pairoM taka utkIrNa hai / zAyada mUrti ko AdhAra pradAna karane ke lie mUrti ke pIche kandhoM ke pAsa eka zilA hai / isI prakAra kandhoM ke pAsa kI donoM ora kI zilAe~ sambhavataH abhiSeka meM suvidhA ke lie haiM / mandira dravir3a zailI kA hai aura usakI muMDera para kArIgarI darzanIya hai / sabhAmaNDapa meM bAyIM ora 1129 I. kA eka zilAlekha hai jisameM malliSeNa maladhArI kI samAdhi tathA aneka AcAryoM kI prazasti varNita hai / yaha lekha candragiri ke lambe lekhoM meM se hai / isI lekha meM bhadrabAhu aura candragupta kA ullekha hai / yaha zilAlekha 72 zlokoM meM hai aura yaha kaha gayA hai ki vanadevatA bhI candragupta kI sevA kiyA karate the / lekha kavi mallinAtha dvArA sAhityika zailI meM likhita hai tathA gaMgAcArI dvArA ukerA gayA hai / mandira ke sAmane eka praveza maNDapa bhI hai / mandira meM kucha dRzya kamaTha ke upasarga se sambandhita bhI haiM / uparyukta basadi ke pAsa eka mAnastambha bhI hai jo 65 phuTa 6 iMca U~cA hai / yaha zravaNabelagola meM sabase U~cA mAnastambha hai / usameM sabase Upara eka zikharabanda maNDapa meM tIrthaMkara mUrti hai / stambha ke cAroM ora yakSa aura yakSiNiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / sabase nIce brahmadeva aura kUSmANDanI devI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / yaha mAnastambha satrahavIM sadI meM puTayyA nAmaka eka zreSThI ne banavAyA thA aisA ananta kavi dvArA racita kannar3a kAvya 'belagolada gommaTezvara carita' meM ullekha hai / pArzvanAtha basadi ke sAmane kSetra kI rakSA ke lie jaTiMgarAya yakSa kI mUrti hai| sAmane eka balipITha bhI hai / yaha prAcIna aura vizAla mandira isa samaya bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa vibhAga dvArA saMrakSita smAraka ghoSita kiyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha mandira ke pAsa eka ghere meM prasiddha jaina kannar3a kavi ranna ( ' ajitapurANa' ke lekhaka) aura cAmuNDarAya ke hastAkSara batAe jAte haiM / isI prakAra anya kucha zilAoM para kannar3a aura tamila meM lekha haiM jinheM surakSita karanA Avazyaka hai / 'pArzvanAtha basadi' aura 'mahAnavamI maNDapa' ke bIca meM eka prAkAra hai, aura usI meM sthita hai zravaNabelagola kA sabase prAcIna, 600 IsvI san kA vaha zilAlekha (citra kra. 100 )
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________________ 268 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) jisameM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya (muni prabhAcandra) ke kaTavapra parvata para tapasyA kA ullekha hai| iruve brahmadeva mandira-candragiri mandiroM ke parakoTe se bAhara uttara meM sthita isa mandira meM brahmadeva kI mUrti pratiSThApita hai| anumAna hai ki isakA nirmANa dasavIM zatAbdI meM huA hogaa| isake sAmane kI caTTAna para hAthI, ghor3e, jinapratimAe~ Adi utkIrNa haiN| aisA vizvAsa hai ki brahmadeva kI manautI karane para cITiyoM kA upadrava nahIM hotaa| yadi upadrava hotA bhI hai to brahmadeva kI pUjA karane se zAnta ho jAtA hai| bhadrabAhu guphA aura caraNa- mandiroM ke parakoTe se bAhara Ane para bAyIM ora bhadrabAhu gaphA ke sAmane kA dvAra dikhAI detA hai| yaha dvAra 17vIM sadI meM banavAyA gayA, aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| guphA ke dAhinI ora kI eka zilA para eka kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara pratimA chatratrayI se yukta, usI prakAra chatratrayI yukta padmAsana tIrthaMkara tathA do aspaSTa AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| yahA~ jo zilAlekha hai vaha ghisa gayA jAna par3atA hai| guphA ke mukhamaNDapa ke stambhoM para lagabhaga 15 iMca ke do dvArapAla bane haiM / guphA prAkRtika hai| usake pIche kI zilA nIcI hai yA ho gaI hai| - anuzruti hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ne yahIM tapasyA kI aura samAdhimaraNa kiyA tathA yahIM candragapta maurya ne unakI sevA kI, tapasyA kI aura zarIra tyAgA / yahA~ zrutakevalI ke kucha bar3e caraNa kamala ke ghere meM bane haiM (dekheM citra kra. 101) / caraNoM ke ghere ke bAhara eka aura gherA hai| eka choTI-sI nAlI bhI hai| usameM candana Adi kA prakSAla kA pAnI AtA hai aura mastaka para lagAyA jAtA hai / andara zilA nIcI hotI gaI hai isalie jhukakara vandanA karanA hotI hai tathA gandhodaka lenA hotA hai| yahA~ Apa dekheMge ki guphA ko dIvAla yA zilA para candana kI aneka bindiyA~ lagI haiM jo ki jaina yA jainetara logoM dvArA apanI manokAmanA pUrI karane ke lie ar3atAlIsa dinoM taka darzana kA vrata lene vAle lagA jAte haiN| ina 48 dinoM meM manokAmanA pUrNa hotI hai, aisA vizvAsa hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki yaha prAkRtika guphA atyanta prAcIna hai| usake praveza-maNDapa Adi kA jIrNoddhAra avazya huA hai| isa guphA meM 1110 I. kA eka lekha thA jisakA Azaya thA 'jinacandra ne bhadrabAhu ke caraNoM meM praNAma kiyA' ('zrIbhadrabAhu svAmiya pAdamaM jinacandra praNamatAM' nAgarI meN)| malayAlI ne tIra calAyA-parakoTe ke bAhara tAlAba kI uttara kI caTTAna para lagabhaga 1246 I. kA zilAlekha hai ki malayAla adhyADi nAyaka ne vindhyagiri se candragiri kA nizAnA lgaayaa| isI prakAra bhadrabAhu guphA ke pAsa kI eka caTTAna para ullekha hai ki maLayALa kodayu zaMkara ne imalI ke vRkSa ke samIpa kI tIna zilAoM para bANa calAe (bArahavIM sdii)| kaMcina doNe-yaha eka kuNDa kA nAma hai jo ki iruvedeva mandira ke bAyIM ora hai| doNe kA artha hai 'prAkRtika kuNDa' aura kaMcina se Azaya hai 'kAMsA' / isa kuNDa kA yaha nAma kyoM par3A yaha jJAta nahIM hai / yahA~ aneka lekha haiN| eka zilAlekha meM yaha ullekha hai ki kadamba kI AjJA se tIna zilAe~ yahA~ lAI gaI jinameM se eka TUTa gaI aura do vidyamAna haiN| mAnabha nAma ke kisI vyakti
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 269 ne isa kuNDa ko khudavAyA hogA aisA eka anya lekha se jJAta hotA hai| lakkidoNe-parakoTe se pUrva kI ora sthita yaha bhI eka kuNDa hai / sambhavataH lakki nAmaka kisI zrAvikA ne isa kuNDa kA nirmANa karAyA hogaa| isake pAsa hI eka caTTAna hai jisa para lagabhaga tIsa lekhoM meM yAtriyoM ke nAma khude haiN| inameM kavi nAgavarma aura kucha AcAryoM dvArA yahA~ kI vandanA kie jAne kA ullekha hai| kucha nAma dekhie--vihArayya, akaceya, rAjana caTa, bar3avara baNTa, pulikkalayya Adi nAma aura 'zrIjinamArgannItisampannansarpacUDAmaNi' tathA 'zrI kopaNa tIrthada' ityaadi| candragiri pahAr3I se yahA~ kA atyanta prAcIna kUSmANDinI devI kA mandira bhI dikhAI detA hai| zravaNabelagola ke Asa-pAsa, zilAlekhoM ke anusAra, lagabhaga 50 tAlAba-kuNDa rahe haiN| jinanAthapura kI ora paidala yAtrI yadi cAhe to candragiri se hI jinanAthapura jA sakatA hai jahA~ kalAtmaka zAntIzvara basadi darzanIya hai| paidala rAstA isa prakAra hai-bhadrabAhu guphA se nIce kI ora jAkara lakki doNe ke pAsa se AsAna zilAoM para se hote hue pagaDaNDI ke rAste jAne para jinanAthapura gA~va dikhAI detA hai / isa rAste para candragiri nIcI hotI calI gaI hai| utarAI AsAna hai| yadi sar3aka-mArga se koI jAnA cAhe to candragiri kI dAhinI ora se sar3aka jAtI hai| sar3aka mArga se jaina maTha se yAtrA prArambha kara gA~va ke mandiroM se hokara bhI jinanAthapura pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / sar3aka kI ora se candragiri kAphI U~cI dikhAI detI hai| jinanAthapura gA~va se pahale eka bar3A tAlAba par3atA hai jo ki sar3aka ke rAste meM hai| isa tAlAba meM aneka khaNDita mUrtiyA~ vijita kI gaI haiN| candragiri ke cAroM ora gA~voM meM prAcIna mandiroM ke khaNhara bhI pAe jAte haiN| jinanAthapura se pahale jo tAlAba hai usake pAsa gA~va meM eka caTTAna para TUTA-phUTA eka zilAlekha hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana ke pradhAna daNDanAyaka gaMgarAja ne jinanAthapura 1117 I. meM basAyA thaa| . aregala basadi-kannar3a meM aregala (kallu) artha hai caTTAna / yaha basadi eka caTTAna ke Upara nirmita hai, isa kAraNa aregala basadi kahalAtI hai| mandira ke mUlanAyaka bhagavAna pArzvanAtha haiN| unakI prabhAvalIyukta pA~ca phuTa U~cI saMgamaramara kI padmAsana pratimA 1929 I. meM isa mandira meM pratiSThita kI gaI thii| mUla mUrti khaNDita ho gaI thI isalie use pAsa ke tAlAba meM hI visajita kara diyA gayA hai| mandira ke nirmANa ke sambandha meM jJAtavya hai ki use gaMgarAja ke bhAI barma aura hiri-ecimayyA ne banavAyA thaa| isa prakAra yaha bhI eka prAcIna mandira hai| - isa basadi meM pandrahavIM sadI kI kucha kAMsya pratimAe~ bhI haiM jo sundara evaM prabhAvotpAdaka haiN| inameM caturdazikA, paMcaparameSThI aura navadevatA kA aMkana vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya hai| catuzikA kA artha hai caudaha tIrthaMkaroM kA aNkn| Upara alaMkRta cApa meM bharatakSetra ke pA~ca, airAvata kSetra ke pA~ca aura jambUdvIpa ke videha kSetra meM vidyamAna cAra tIrthaMkaroM kA aMkana hai|
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________________ 270 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) paMcaparameSThI-aMkana meM bharata kSetra ke pA~ca tIrthakara aMkita kie gae haiN| unameM se tIna ko kamaNDalu pIchI ke sAtha darzAyA gayA hai| caubIsa paMkhur3iyoM se caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA Azaya hai| kamala kI cAra UparI paMkhur3iyoM aura nIce kI eka paMkhur3I se pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna yA pA~ca mahAvrata darzAe gae haiN| navadevatA pra vatA pratimA bahuta sundara hai| usakA AdhAra kamala jaisA hai| makara aura kIrtimakha se sajjita isa pratimA meM ATha paMkhur3iyoM vAle kamala dvArA cAra parameSThI, jinamandira, jinamUrti aura jinadharma, tathA jinavANI (pustaka ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM) tathA sabase nIce samyaktva darzAyA gayA hai| isa basadi meM pandrahavIM sadI kI hI pArzvanAtha pratimA tathA dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| ____ zAntinAtha basadi--hoysala kAla kI anupama zilpakalA apane gauravapUrNa rUpa meM yahA~ dekhI jA sakatI hai| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki yaha karnATaka kA sabase sundara jaina mandira (citra kra. 102) hai to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| ise 1200 I. ke lagabhaga vasudhaika-bAndhava recimayya senApati ne nirmANa karAkara sAgaranandi siddhAntadeva ko sauMpa diyA thaa| mandira eka tAre kI AkRti kA hai / usake stambha gola aura manohArI haiN| kintu aisA lagatA hai ki koI vighna A gayA aura isa mandira kA kAma adhUrA hI raha gyaa| aba bhI zilAe~ Adi par3I haiM / yahA~ taka ki isakI caukI kA kAma bhI adhUrA raha gyaa| yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai ki amuka sthAna para chainI cala rahI thii| isake pravezadvAra aura usakI caukhaTa, siradala ko hI leN| spaSTa patA calatA hai ki nakkAzI adhUrI raha gii| isake Upara aura bhI vipatti AI dikhatI hai / isakI bAharI dIvAloM para jo sundara mUrtiyA~ aMkita thIM, unake cehare vikRta kara die gaye haiN| phira yaha mandira upekSita banA rahA / gA~va ke baccoM Adi ne isakI sundara mUrtiyoM, ubhAracitroM Adi ko aura bhI kSati phuNcaaii| aba isake cAroM ora pakkI dIvAla banA dI gaI hai aura isakI rahI-sahI sundaratA ko bacAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa basadi ke aba bhI jo sundara aMkana bace haiM, unake lagabhaga 70 citra bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke citra-saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / AvazyakatA hai isa mandira ke zilpa ko dhyAna se dekhane kii| __mandiroM kI bAharI dIvAloM meM AloM meM tIrthaMkaroM evaM yakSa-yakSiNiyoM (adhikAMza dharaNendra padmAvatI, ambikA, cakrezvarI) ke atirikta sarasvatI, kAmadeva aura rati Adi ke bahuta AkarSaka utkIrNana haiM / vizeSa rUpa se nartakiyoM, apsarAoM, mithunoM ke aMkana mana ko lubhAte haiM / donoM hAthoM meM phUloM kA gucchA lekara nRtya karatI kinnarI, mRdaMgavAdikoM ke sAtha nRtyAMganA, kevala mekhalA se apanI nagna-sI deha chipAe zAlabhaMjikA, darpaNa meM apanA mukha dekhatI rUpagavitA, sundara jUr3A pradarzita karatI eka aura zAlabhaMjikA, bahuta mahIna vastroM meM apanA aMga pradarzita karatI sundarI, phUloM ke tIra hAtha meM liye ramaNI kintu usake pAsa hI bicchU (adhika rAga-raMga duHkha detA hai isakA sUcaka), bandara bhI jisa para mohita hokara usakI sAr3I kA pallU khIMca rahA ho aisI rUpasI, Adi nArI ke aneka mohaka rUpoM kI saMyojanA yahA~ hai| isI prakAra bA~surI bajAte gandharva, ca~vara DhulAte gandharva, ca~varadhArI Adi bhI AkarSaka mudrA meM utkIrNa haiN| unake
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 271 AbhUSaNa aura vastra, pahanAvA, tathA vAdya-yantra Adi usa kAla ko hamAre samAne mUrtimAna karate haiN| devakulikAoM ke zikharoM kA dakSiNI aMkana bhI bahuta AkarSaka hai| . mandira ke sabhAmaNDapa kI chatoM meM dikpAla aura vargoM meM sundara kamaloM kA aMkana bhI dekhane lAyaka hai| kula milAkara yaha mandira kisI bhI kalApremI ke lie eka acchA saMgrahAlaya hai| yadi yaha pUrA bana pAtA aura ise kSati nahIM pahu~cAI gayI hotI to yaha sundaratama mandiroM meM pramukha hotaa| uparyukta mandira ke mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha kI sAr3he pAMca phuTa U~cI mUrti yahA~ pratiSThita hai| ___ aura aba sar3aka-mArga se zravaNabelagola gA~va kI ora / rAste meM khadAna se patthara nikAlane ke prayatna aura candragiri yA kaTavapra (samAdhi-zikhara) kI khar3I dIvAla-jaisI dekhI jA sakatI hai| zravaNabelagola gA~va ke mandira akkana basadi-gA~va ke mandiroM meM sabase pahalA mandira hai akkana bsdi| akkana kA artha hai bar3I bhn| isa mandira ke dvAra ke pAsa eka bahuta lambA zilAlekha hai jisake anusAra hoysalanareza ballAla dvitIya ke brAhmaNamantrI candramauli kI jainadharmAvalambI patnI aciyakka (AcaladevI) ne isa mandira (citra kra. 103) kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA rAjA ne bammeyanahallI nAmaka gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| isa mandira meM ucca hoysala kalA dekhI jA sakatI hai| yaha belUra ke mandira ke samAna tAre kI AkRti meM banA hai| mukhamaNDapa ke koNIya stambha bhI AkarSaka haiN| dvAra kI caukhaTa kalApUrNa hai aura siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| navaraMga meM kasauTI pASANa ke, camakadAra paoNliza vAle stambha haiN| una para cUr3iyoM jaise valaya haiM aura bArIka motiyoM kI mAlAe~ utkIrNa haiN| lagabhaga Der3ha iMca kI paTTI meM bhI bar3I kuzalatApUrvaka nakkAzI kI gaI hai| patrAvalI aura sakSma kamala mana moha lete haiN| garbhagaha ke bAhara patthara kI jAlI hai| usake pravezadvAra ke siradala para punaH padmAsana tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiM / mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha kI pA~ca phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga pratimA para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai| prabhAvalI meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| mandira kI chata para andarUnI sUkSma nakkAzI hai| basadi kA bAharI bhAga aura bhI AkarSaka hai| usa para hoysala zailI kA utkIrNana hai| alaMkRta hAthI, azva, gAya-bachar3A, sUrya-candra, ptraavlii| padmAsana tIrthaMkara, chatratrayI, ca~varadhArI, Adi kI sundara saMyojanA hai| bAhara yakSa dharaNendra aura yakSI padmAvatI kI pratimAe~ bhI haiN| zikhara lagabhaga 18 phuTa U~cA hai aura vaha eka mahAmeru ke samAna banAyA gayA hai| yaha zikhara aneka taloM meM hai jisa para padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ sthApita haiN| vizeSakara tri-tIrthika (tIna tIrthaMkaroM) vAlA bhAga kIrtimukha se maNDita hai aura darzanIya hai| mandira dhyAna se dekhane yogya hai| yaha basadi nIle raMga kI zilAoM se banI hai| mandira ke bAharI bhAga ko dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki isakI nakkAzI kA kAma bhI adhUrA raha gyaa| vartamAna meM yaha mandira bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM hai| yaha mandira zravaNabelagola gA~va kI uttarI sImA sUcita karatA hai / isake pAsa hI, eka mandira ke barAmade
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________________ 272 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) meM khaNDita mUrtiyA~ rakhI haiN| dAnazAle basadi-sambhavataH yahA~ dAna diyA jAtA hogA isa kAraNa yaha basadi dAnazAle kahalAtI hai| choTA-sA yaha mandira akkana basadi ke nikaTa hI sthita hai| isameM paMcaparameSThI kI tIna phuTa U~cI pratimAe~ haiN| kannar3a kavi cidAnanda ke kAvya 'munivaMzAmyudAya' meM ullekha hai ki maisUra ke cikka devarAja oDeyara ne apane pUrvavartI nRpa doDDu devarAja oDeyara ke samaya (16591672 I.) meM zravaNabelagola kI yAtrA kI thii| unhoMne yahA~ kI dAnazAlA basadi ke darzana kie aura maisUra-nareza se 'madaneya' nAmaka gA~va dAna krvaayaa| siddhAnta basadi-isakI prasiddhi isa nAma se hone kA kAraNa yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ jaina dharma ke siddhAnta grantha rakhe jAte the| dhavalA, jayadhavalA, mahAdhavalA yahIM para surakSita the kintu kabhI kisI saMkaTa ke kAraNa maDabidrI meM sthAnAntarita kara die gae the| aba ye tADapatra para likhita grantha prakAzita bhI ho cake haiM aura prAcIna granthoM meM unakI gaNanA hotI hai| uparyukta mandira meM eka pASANa para caubIsI utkIrNa hai jisake mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiN| eka adhUre lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki 1698 I. meM 'tAtIrAva sudIparA pamaghadeva' ne yaha caubIsI pratiSThApita karavAI thii| nagarajinAlaya yA zrInilaya-isake nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki nagara ke pramukha vyApArI jana isa mandira yA tIrthaMkara-nilaya kI dekhabhAla karate the| isa kAraNa yaha mandira nagara-jinAlaya khlaayaa| eka zilAlekha ke anusAra, hoysalanareza ballAla ke 'paTTaNasvAmI' tathA nayakIrti siddhAntacakravartI ke ziSya mantrI nAgadeva ne san 1196 I. meM isakA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha bhI ullekha hai ki nAgadeva ne kamaTha pAzvanAtha basadi (pAzvanAtha basadi) ke sammukha natyaraMga aura azmakuTTima (pASANa-bhUmi) tathA apane guru kI niSadyA kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thaa| isI mantrI ne 'nAga sarovara' nAmaka eka tAlAba bhI banavAyA thA jo aba 'jigaNekaTTe' kahalAtA hai| nagarajinAlaya eka choTA mandira hai / isakA nirmANa gahare nIle raMga kI zilAoM se haA hai| isake mUlanAyaka AdinAtha the kintu aba supArzvanAtha kI mUrti pratiSThita hai| yaha mUrti bhI prAcIna hai| yahA~ brahmadeva kI bhI pratimA hai| unake eka hAtha meM kor3A aura dUsare meM phala hai| ve pairoM meM khaDAU~ pahane haiM / unakI pIThikA para ghor3e kA cihna banA hai jo ki unakA vAhana hai| uparyakta mandira ke bhItarI dvAra ke uttara meM eka zilAlekha hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki (1) isa jinAlaya ke pujAriyoM ne belagola ke vyApAriyoM ko yaha likha diyA ki jaba taka mandira kI bhUmi meM dhAnya paidA hotA rahegA, ve pUjA-arcanA karate raheMge, (2) isa jinAlaya ke AdinAtha ke abhiSeka ke lie haligere ke sovaNNa ne pA~ca 'gadyANa' kA dAna diyA jisake byAja se pratidina eka 'balla' dugdha liyA jAe tathA (3) belagola ke jauhariyoM ne jinAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra tathA eka pratizata Aya dAna karane kI pratijJA kii| yaha bhI ullekha hai ki jo bhI isameM kapaTa kare vaha nissantAna ho, aura deva, dharma tathA rAja kA drohI ho| ___ maMgAyi basadi-ise tribhuvanacUr3AmaNi bhI kahate haiN| yaha antima nAma bhI zilAlekha meM hai| san 1325 I. ke zilAlekha meM, jo ki pravezamArga ke bAyIM ora hai, kahA gayA hai ki abhinava cArukIti paNDitAcArya ke ziSya maMgAyi ne isakA nirmANa kraayaa| eka vidvAn ke anusAra
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________________ 102. zravaNabelagola-jinanAthapura basadi kI eka bAhya bhitti kA kalApUrNa dRzya /
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________________ 3452 103. zravaNabelagola-akkana basadi kA bAhya dRshy|
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________________ 104. zravaNabelagola- kSetra para sthita bhaNDArI basadi kA sAmane kA dRzya / 105. zravaNabelagola----jaina maTha kA sammukha dRzya /
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________________ 106 zravaNabelagola - jaina maTha, bhitticitroM meM nAgakumAra carita tathA anya dRzya /
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________________ zravaNabelagola | 273 maMgAyiM eka nartakI thI / tIna aura zilAlekhoM meM isa mandira ke lie dAna dene tathA jIrNoddhAra karAne kA ullekha hai / isakI praveza-sIr3hiyoM ke donoM ora do atyadhika alaMkRta hAthI pradarzita haiN| unake gale meM motiyoM ko pA~ca-pA~ca mAlAe~ par3I huI haiN| unakI jhUla bhI bahuta alaMkRta hai| garbhagRha se bAhara lagabhaga pAMca phuTa U~ce do dvArapAla haiM / ve U~cA mukuTa pahane hue haiN| garbhagRha meM zAntinAtha kI lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI mUrti hai| isake atirikta mahAvIra svAmI kI lagabhaga sAr3he pA~ca phuTa unnata bhavya pratimA bhI yahA~ pratiSThita hai| zAntinAtha kI pratimA para ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usakI pratiSThA vijayanagara ke zAsaka deva rAja prathama (1406-1416 I.) kI rAnI bhImAdevI ne karAI thii| bhaNDArI basadi (bhavyacaDAmaNi mandira)-isa basadi (citra kra. 104) kA nirmANa hoyasalanareza narasiMha prathama ke bhaNDArI yA koSAdhyakSa evaM mantrI hullarAja ne 1159 I. meM karAyA thaa| isa kAraNa yaha mandira bhaNDArI basadi khlaayaa| vAstava meM isakA nAma caturviMzati (caubIsI) mandira thaa| jaba yaha vizAla evaM sundara mandira banakara taiyAra huA to hoysalanareza narasiMha prathama halebiDa (dvArAvatI) se svayaM vahA~ AyA aura mandira ko dekhakara itanA prasanna huA ki usane isakA nAma 'bhavya cUr3AmaNi' rakha diyaa| vaise hullarAja kI bhI eka upAdhi 'samyaktvacUDAmaNi' thii| bhaNDArI basadi zravaNabelagola ke mandiroM meM sabase bar3A mandira hai / usakI lambAI 266 phuTa aura caur3AI 78 phuTa hai| usake cAroM ora lagabhaga 12 phuTa U~cA eka parakoTA banA hai| mandira ke sAmane lagabhaga 35 phuTa U~cA eka mAnastambha bhI hai| uparyukta mandira digambara jaina maTha ke sAmane sthita hai| isakI sIr3hiyoM ke a~gale para kamala ke phUloM kA sundara aMkana hai| pravezamaMDapa meM gajalakSmI aMkita hai arthAt do hAthI lakSmI kA abhiSeka karate dikhAye gaye haiN| pravezadvAra para pUrNakumbha bhI aMkita hai| isake sabhAmaMDapa meM vizAla yA moTe stambhoM kI saMyojanA hai| navaraMga meM aura usase Age tathA barAmade meM dasa phaTa ke caukora patthara pharza meM lagAe gae haiN| inheM kisa prakAra yahA~ lAyA gayA hogA yaha bhI eka Azcarya kA viSaya hai / navaraMga ke dvAra para latA-vallariyoM, mAnavoM aura pazuoM kA manohara utkIrNana hai| isa mandira meM sundara nakkAzIdAra pravezadvAra ke Upara nRtya karate hue indra kA aMkana sabase mandara kalAkRti hai| indra ke bAraha hAtha dikhAe gae haiM aura anya vAdaka-vandoM sahita isa aMkana meM kitanI sUkSma evaM AkarSaka tathA AzcaryakArI nakkAzI hai yaha citra se bhalIbhA~ti jAnA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra stambhoM para bhI nRtyAMganAoM ke citra sundara bana par3e haiN| mandira meM tIna pravezadvAra haiM jinake kAraNa yaha kaI bhAgoM meM ba~TA huA-sA jAna par3atA hai| ___- garbhagRha meM eka hI vedI para caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI kAle pASANa kI anya mUrtiyA~ eka hI paMkti meM virAjamAna kI gaI haiN| ve bhI makara-toraNa se sajjita haiM / chata meM kamala kA aMkana bhI hai| basadi meM AsIna mudrA meM brahmayakSa kI mUrti hai / padmAvatI evaM sarasvatI kI bhI sundara pratimAe~ haiM / yahA~ eka sahasrakUTa jinabimba bhI hai jo tIna staroM meM vibhAjita hai| pratyeka stara meM eka khaDgAsana pratimA bhI hai|
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________________ 274 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) zravaNabelagola kA yaha mandira eka zilAlekha meM 'sarasvatI maMDapa' bhI kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra eka aura zilAlekha meM ise 'gommaTapura (zravaNabelagola ) kA mohaka AbhUSaNa' kahA gayA hai| bhaNDArI basadi ke zilAlekha bahuta lambe, bahuta-sI jAnakArI dene vAle aura bar3e aitihAsika mahattva ke haiM / uparyukta basadi meM pUrva kI ora ke eka stambha para san 1368 I. kA, vijayanagara zAsaka bukkarAya kA eka zilAlekha hai / usameM ullekha hai ki vaiSNava dharmAnuyAyI isa rAjA ke rAjya meM jainoM aura vaiSNavoM meM jhagar3A ho gyaa| taba isa rAjA ne donoM sampradAyoM meM mela karAyA / (dekhie hampI prakaraNa) / zravaNabelagola meM jaina mandiroM kI putAI aura jIrNoddhAra ke lie kisa prakAra dravya liyA jAegA isakA bhI vivaraNa hai| ullaMghana karane vAlA 'gaMgA taTa para eka kapila gAya aura brAhmaNa kI hatyA kA bhAgI hogA / ' donoM saMghoM ne milakara busuvi seTTI ko saMghanAyaka banAyA thA / eka anya stambha para 1158 I. kA eka lambA zilAlekha hai / usameM hoysala vaMza ke narezoM ke pratApa Adi ke varNana ke bAda hoysalanareza narasiMha ke mAnya mantrI evaM camUpa ( senApati ) hulla dvArA aneka jaina mandiroM ke nirmANa evaM punaruddhAra, purANa sunane meM unakI ruci, AhArAdi dAna meM utsAha aura baMkApura evaM koppaNa meM mandiroM ke nirmANa Adi kA kathana hai / isa zilAlekha ke 22veM zloka meM eka bar3I mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI hai jo isa prakAra hai sthira - jina - zAsanoddharaNarAdiyolArene rAcamalla bhUvara vara - mantri rAyane balikke budha-stutanappa viSNu bhUvara vara - mantri gaMgaNane matte balikke nRsiMha- deva bhUvara vara - mantri hullane peraMginitullaDe pellAgade // ( yadi pUchA jAe ki jaina dharma ke sacce poSaka kauna hue to isakA uttara yahI hai ki prArambha meM rAcamalla nareza ke mantrI rAya (cAmuNDarAya) hue, unake pazcAt viSNunareza ke mantrI gaMgaNa (gaMgarAja) hue aura aba narasiMhadeva ke mantrI hulla haiM / (anuvAda - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 1 ) eka anya zilAlekha meM hullarAja dvArA uparyukta mandira ke lie savaNerU grAma kA dAna karane tathA muni candradeva dvArA candA ekatrita karane kA ullekha hai / eka bahuta lambe lekha meM hoysala nareza dvArA isa mandira kA nAma 'bhavyacUDAmaNi' rakhane Adi kA vistRta varNana hai| pANDuka zilA - bhaNDArI basadi ke sAmane eka bhavya pANDuka zilA hai / usa para dravir3a zailI kA bahuta acchA utkIrNana hai / jaina maTha prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra yaha maTha (citra kra. 105 ) sambhavataH cAmuNDarAya ke samaya se sthApita hai| unhoMne AcArya nemicandra se yahA~ kI gomaTezvara mahAmUrti ke saMrakSaNa karane kA Agraha kiyA thA / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, maTha bArahavIM sadI meM nizcita rUpa se vidyamAna thA /
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________________ zravaNabelagola / 275 hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana (bArahavIM sadI) ke jainoM para tathAkathita atyAcAroM ke phalasvarUpa dvArasamudra (halebiDa) kI dharatI phaTane, trAhi-trAhi macane tathA zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka cArukIti paNDitAcArya dvArA kalikuNDa Adi ArAdhanA dvArA jamIna pATane sambandhI janazruti kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| isI prakAra rAjA ballAla ke vyAdhigrasta jIva kI rakSA karane ke kAraNa yahA~ ke bhaTTAraka jI ko 'ballAlajIvarakSaka' upAdhi prApta hone kA bhI kathana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| kucha aura vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki jaina maTha eka acche gurukula ke rUpa meM, gomaTezvara mahAmUrti kI dasavIM sadI meM sthApanA se pUrva bhI vidyamAna thA aura vaha bahuta prAcIna saMsthA hai / jo bhI ho, jaina maTha kA bhavana tIna-cAra sau varSa prAcIna to hai hii| bhavana badalate, punanirmita hote hI rahate haiM / aba isI purAne maTha ke pAsa hI eka navIna bhaTTAraka-bhavana bhI bana gayA hai| prAcIna jaina maTha bhaTTArakajI kA nivAsa aura eka atyanta sundara jinAlaya donoM hI thaa| ___ yaha maTha prAcInatA, prAcIna jaina graMthoM ke saMrakSaNa, zravaNabelagola ke jAgarUka praharI ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai hI, isakI sabase adhika prasiddhi AkarSaka raMga-biraMge bhitti-citroM, garbhagRha kI sundara evaM kalApUrNa mUrtiyoM evaM siddhAnta-darzana ke lie bhI hai| jaina maTha ke bAhara eka khulA pravezamaNDapa yA barAmadA hai jisameM citrakArI aura nakkAzI (utkIrNana) donoM kA anUThA saMgama hai| sAmane se hI dakSiNa-zailI kA zikhara bhI dikhAI detA hai| isa maMDapa ke stambhoM kA utkIrNana ucca koTi kA evaM vividhatA liye hue hai / Apasa meM guMthe hue sarpa, mauktika mAlAe~, vikasita kamala, gAya, vyAla, haMsa, pakSI, sUrya, candra evaM nRtyAMganAoM kA AkarSaka aMkana yahA~ dekhane lAyaka hai| eka stambha para varSA meM bhIgatI mahilA bhI utkIrNa kI gaI hai| yahIM eka anya stambha para nRtyAMganA pUrI mur3a gaI hai| usake dono hAtha nRtya-mudrA meM eka tarapha haiM to coTI dUsarI tarapha / usakI veNI pairoM taka laTaka rahI hai| pravezadvAra kI caukhaTa para pItala mar3hA gayA hai| usake siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimA hai / vaha makara-toraNa se alaMkRta hai aura do hAthI mAlA liye pradarzita haiN| nIce do dvArapAlikAe~ haiM / eka ora dvArapAla bhI pradarzita haiM / padmAsana tIrthaMkara ke nIce tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke solaha svapnoM (candra, sUrya, mona Adi) kA sundara aMkana hai / usase nIce eka yakSI kI mUrti pratiSThita hai| - khule pravezamaNDapa meM hI lagabhaga chaha phuTa U~ce caukhaTe meM bAhubalI ke jIvana se sambandhita citra haiN| unakI bAla-lIlA, manmathAvasthA (bAhubalI saMgIta suna rahe haiM), dakSiNAMka kA saMdhAna (bAhubalI siMhAsana para baiThe haiM), tIna prakAra kA bAhubalI-bharata yuddha, bAhubalI ko vairAgya, unaka sAmane khar3e bharata, tapasyArata bAhubalI se kSamA mAMgate hue bharata, bAhubalI kI kaThora tapasyA aura kevalajJAna sambandhI anUThe citra yahA~ zobhA bar3hAte haiN| maTha meM praveza karate hI eka cauka hai / usake cAroM ora barAmade meM bho bhitti-citra haiN| donoM sthAnoM ke citra saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM : (1) nAgakumAra ke jIvana se sambandhita citra (dekheM ciMtra kra. 105), (2) bharata-cakravartI ke dRzya, (3) vana kA citraNa, (4) chaha lezyAoM
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________________ 276 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) kA citraNa jisameM eka manuSya ko vRkSa kATate hue aura kucha manuSyoM ko usa para car3he hue dikhAyA gayA hai (5) zravaNabelagola ke rathotsava kA citra, (6) maisUranareza kA dazaharA-darabAra jisameM rAjA kRSNarAja oDeyara darabAra meM baiThe dikhAye gaye haiM, (7) pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha sambandhI sundara citra, pAzrvanAtha ke pahale kAla se lekara kamaTha ke upasarga Adi taka ke / eka citra meM mantrigaNa kamaTha ke kadAcAra kI zikAyata karate dikhAye gaye haiM, to anya 5-6 citroM meM kamaTha ko usake kukRtyoM ke lie daNDita karate hue citrita kiyA gayA hai| garbhagRha kI ora ke kucha citra miTa-se gaye haiM / anumAna hai ki ye citra 17vIM yA 18vIM sadI meM banAe gaye the| maTha ke bhItarI bhAga ke stambhoM para bhI sundara nakkAzI hai| una para nartakiyoM kI AkarSaka mudrAe~ utkIrNa haiM / eka stambha ke citraNa meM gAya bachar3e ko dUdha pilA rahI hai to eka apsarA paira meM cubhA kA~TA nikAla rahI hai| maTha ke mandira meM tIna garbhagRha haiM / unake daravAjoM para pItala mar3hA hai aura siradala para kIrtimukha se alaMkRta padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiM / garbhagRhoM meM pItala aura pASANa kI kalAtmaka mUrtiyA~ haiM / tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM prabhAvalI se sajjita neminAtha kI pItala kI mUrti darzanIya hai| pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu mUrti bhI kalAtmaka hai / navadevatA, dharmacakra, zrutaskandha, jvAlAmAlinI aura kUSmANDinI yakSiyoM ke atirikta, zAradA (sarasvatI) kI bhI bhavya mUrtiyA~ haiN| cauka kI muMDera para deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM kI sajjA hai| pItala se hI nirmita nandIzvara evaM sammedazikhara bhI haiN| uparyukta mandira meM kucheka durlabha mUrtiyA~ haiM / unakA darzana vizeSa prabandha dvArA karAyA jAtA hai / ise siddhAntadarzana kahA jAtA hai| jaina maTha ke mandira meM hI bhaTTArakajI kI gaddI hai| vartamAna bhaTTArakajI kA eka citra bhI maTha meM lagA hai| yaha ullekha kiyA hI jA cukA hai ki maTha ke pAsa hI eka navIna bhaTTAraka-nivAsa bana gayA hai / usI meM vartamAna bhaTTAraka jI nivAsa karate haiM / hamArA vandanA-krama yahA~ samApta hotA hai| vizeSa kAryakrama-candraprabha mandira meM vizeSa AratI hotI hai, kabhI-kabhI sAdhAraNa utsava bhI manAyA jAtA hai| pratidina zAma ko sAta baje pravacana hotA hai / usake bAda AratI hotI hai| isameM sthAnIya zrAvaka-zrAvikA sammilita hote haiN| samaya-samaya para bhaTrAraka jI pravacana karate haiN| yAtriyoM ke anurodha para bhI ve pravacana karate haiM evaM paNDitoM se yahA~ zAstracarcA bhI karate haiN| hara maMgalavAra ko kUSmANDinI devI kI vizeSa zRMgArapUrvaka AratI kI jAtI hai| maTha ke kSetra meM dharmazAlAe~ Adi kalucatra dharmazAlA-yaha purAnI dharmazAlA kA nAma hai / yaha maTha se kucha hI dUrI para sthita hai| saraseTha hukamacanda tyAgI nivAsa-indaura ke dAnavIra sva. sara seTha hukamacanda jI kI smRti meM unake putra zrI rAjakumArasiMha dvArA banavAe gae isa zAnta nivAsa meM do kamare, eka
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________________ ... zravaNabelagola | 277 sabhAbhavana aura eka rasoIghara hai| padmazrI sumatibAI zAha Azrama-yaha AryikAoM tathA mahilA yAtriyoM ke lie hai| isameM do kamare haiN| zrI kAnajI svAmI yAtrikAzrama-yAtriyoM ke Thaharane ke lie isameM cAra kamare haiM / snAnaghara bhI hai| muni vidyAnanda nilaya-san 1975 I. meM nirmita yaha nilaya yA dharmazAlA yAtriyoM ke lie bahuta suvidhAjanaka hai / adhikAMza yAtrI yahIM Thaharate haiN| paryaTaka basoM ke yAtriyoM ke lie bar3e kamare bhI haiM / basa sTaiNDa se lagabhaga saTI huI isa dharmazAlA meM 45 kamaroM ke sAtha hI snAnaghara aura rasoIghara kI bhI suvidhA hai| do-maMz2ile isa bhavana meM TelIphona kI bhI suvidhA hai| isa dharmazAlA se gomaTezvara mahAmUrti kA UparI bhAga sadA hI dikhAI detA hai| __ zreyAMsa prasAda atithi-nivAsa-yaha uparyukta nilaya ke pAsa meM hI hai aura Adhunika suvidhAoM se sampanna hai| isakA udghATana apraila 1975 I. meM huA thaa| yaha zravaNabelagola kA kA pahalA atithi nivAsa hai| do-maMz2ile isa nivAsa meM sAta kamare, rasoIghara aura eka vArtAkakSa haiN| bhakti atithigRha-zreyAMsaprasAda atithi-nivAsa ke pAsa hI, san 1980 I. meM udghATita yaha atithigRha seTha bAlacanda hIrAcanda ceriTebila TrasTa kI ora se banavAyA gayA hai| isameM tIna kamare, rasoIghara tathA bhojanakakSa haiN| ___madhyapradeza bhavana-san 1981 I. meM jaba jana-maMgala mahAkalaza ne indaura se dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna kiyA thA, taba madhyapradeza sarakAra ke usa samaya ke mukhyamantrI zrI arjunasiMha ne sarakAra kI ora se isa bhavana ke lie DhAI lAkha rupaye ke anudAna kI ghoSaNA kI thii| gaMgavAla gesTa hAusa-yaha bho Adhunika atithigRha hai aura uparyukta atithigRha samUha meM sthita hai / isameM cAra kamare, rasoIghara tathA bhojana-kakSa haiN| pI. esa. jaina gesTa hAusa-isI nAma ke TrasTa dvArA nirmita isa bhavana kA udghATana 1981 I. meM kiyA gayA thaa| isameM cAra kamare, rasoIghara aura bhojana-kakSa hai| zAntiprasAda kalA mandira-jaina sAhitya, kalA evaM dharma ke ananya poSaka sva. sAhU zAnti prasAdajI kI smRti meM isake nirmANa kA uddezya bhitticitroM tathA anya anukRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se jaina saMskRti ke unnAyaka mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kI jhA~kI prastuta karanA hai| Ayurvedika cikitsAlaya-AsAma ke zrI gaNapatarAya sarAvagI ke dAna se isa cikitsAlaya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| - ___gurukula bhavana-prasiddha udyogapati seTha lAlacanda hIrAcanda parivAra ne do lAkha rupaye kA dAna isake nirmANa ke lie diyA hai| kundakunda bhavana-isakA udghATana karnATaka ke tatkAlIna rAjyapAla zrI govinda nArAyaNa ne kiyA thaa| siddhomala jaina atithigRha-isameM tIna kamare aura rasoIghara haiN| isakA nirmANa dillI ke zrI lalita kumAra jaina ne karAyA hai|
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________________ 278 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) ___ maMjunAtha kalyANa maNDapa-dharmasthala ke dharmAdhikArI zrI vIrendra hegar3e ne vivAha (kalyANa) tathA bar3I sabhAeM Ayojita karane meM suvidhA kI dRSTi se isa vizAla bhavana kA nirmANa karAyA hai| isameM rasoIghara, vara-vadhU pakSa ke logoM Adi ke Thaharane ke lie kamare haiN| / rAjazrI gesTa hAusa--yaha bhI Adhunika suvidhAoM se yukta atithi-bhavana hai| nirmANakartA haiM zrI tArAcanda baDajAtyA privaar| : uparyukta atithi-nivAsa Adi, jinakA nirmANa gomaTezvara sahasrAbdI mahotsava ke avasara para huA hai, isa tIrtharAja meM Thaharane kI Adhunika suvidhAe~ pradAna karate haiN| / sthAnIya basa sTaiMDa-yaha pakkA banA huA hai, usake sAtha eka keMTIna bhI hai| samayasAraNI kevala kannar3a lipi meM hai / aneka sthAnoM kI baseM milatI haiM / yahA~ se cannarAyapaTTana ke lie bahuta-sI baseM haiN| - pravAsI upakAra gRha-karnATaka sarakAra kA yaha kaiNTIna muni vidyAnanda nilaya ke ThIka pIche hai| - zrI mahAvIra digambara jaina dharmazAlA-yaha zrI mahAvIra kundakunda bhavana ke pAsa hI meM sthita hai| ... jaina parivAra-zravaNabelagola meM lagabhaga sau jaina parivAra haiN| adhikAMza khetI para nirbhara haiN| isa tIrtha ke AsapAsa kI bhUmi patharIlI hone ke kAraNa paidAvAra kama hotI hai| ataH ina parivAroM ko sthiti acchI nahIM hai| yadi koI acchA udyoga khula jAe to ye parivAra bar3e zaharoM kI ora sambhavataH nahIM jaaeN| . prAcIna kAla meM aneka dAtAoM ne siMcAI kI samasyA ko samajhA aura isIlie yahA~ ke zilAlekhoM meM lagabhaga 50 sarovaroM yA kuNDoM ke nirmANa yA jIrNoddhAra ke ullekha pAe jAte haiM / ina meM jakkikaTTe aura cennaNNA kuNDa prasiddha haiN| jakkikaTTe meM pASANa para jina-pratimAe~ haiN| vArSika rathotsava ... eka bahuraMgI kAryakrama ke rUpa meM zravaNabelagola meM prativarSa ratha-yAtrA mahotsava caitra zukla paMcamI se vaizAkha kRSNa dvitIyA taka bar3I dhUmadhAma se jaina aura jainetara janatA ke ullAsapUrNa evaM svaicchika sahayoga ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai| isakA Arambha caitra mAsa kI uparyukta paMcamI se karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isI dina gomaTezvara kI mahAmUrti kI pratiSThA sampanna huI thii| - utsava kA prArambha paMcamI ke dina dhvajArohaNa se hotA hai| usake bAda bhagavAna kI mUrti kI zobhAyAtrA sarparAja, azva, devendra aura airAvata ke rathoM para nikAlI jAtI hai / ina dinoM utsavamUrti kI pAlakI jainetara loga hI apane kandhoM para sahaja bhakti-bhAva se uThAte haiN| . prasAda rUpa meM unheM nAriyala bheMTa kiyA jAtA hai| : pUrNimA ke dina arthAt 11veM dina rathotsava kI dhUmadhAma adhika hotI hai| usa dina subaha 10 baje hI ratha bhaNDArI basadi kI parikramA karatA hai| isa samaya AdhI dUrI taka jainetara ratha khIMcate haiM aura zeSa AdhI dUrI taka jaina log| isa prakAra yaha sabhI sampradAyoM kA: paramparAgata rathotsava ho jAtA hai|
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________________ - zravaNabelagola | 279 sUcanA zravaNabelagola se kucha pramukha sthAnoM kI dUrI isa prakAra hai-hAsana 48 ki. mI., belUra 83 ki. mI., halebiDa 75 ki. mI., maisUra 80 ki. mI. tathA baMgalora 142 ki. mI. / yahA~ se hAsana hote hue mUDabidrI 257 ki. mI. hai| kSetra kA patA hai zrI digambara jaina maTha, po.zravaNabelagola (Shravanabelagola) pina-573135 jilA-hAsana, karnATaka TelIphona naM. hai-zravaNabelagola 35 - zravaNabelagola ke AsapAsa ke sthala zravaNabelagola ke AsapAsa ke gA~va bhI jaina dharma se atyadhika prabhAvita rahe jAna par3ate haiM / unameM se kucha meM Aja bhI aneka jaina mandira acchI hAlata meM yA dhvasta avasthA meM haiM / kalA kI dRSTi se bhI ve bahumUlya haiN| jinanAyapura isa gA~va kI kalApUrNa basadi zAntinAtha basadi evaM aregala basadi kA vivaraNa vandanAkrama meM Upara A cukA hai| halebelagola yaha sthAna zravaNabelagola se lagabhaga 6 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ eka jaina mandira dhvasta avasthA meM hai / mandira hoyasala zailI kI acchI kArIgarI hai / mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI 5 phuTa U~cI mUrti hai jisa para saptaphaNI nAga kI chAyA hai| chata meM aSTa dikpAloM kA acchA aMkana hai| dharaNendra kI bhI eka pratimA hai jisa para pA~ca phaNoM kI chAyA hai| isa basadi kA nirmANa lagabhaga 1094 I. meM huA hogaa| yahA~ tAlAba kI nahara meM mandiroM kI sAmagrI lagI hai jisase anumAna hotA hai ki yahA~ kisI samaya aneka jaina mandira yA anya dharmoM ke bhI mandira the| sANehallI. yaha gA~va zravaNabelagola se lagabhaga 5 kilomITara kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ bhI eka dhvasta jaina mandira hai| ise viSNuvardhana ke senApati gaMgarAja kI bhAbhI ne 1120 I. meM banavAyA thaa| kambadahallI yaha sthAna maNDya jile meM zravaNabelagola se lagamaga 11 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| zravaNabelagola ke sAtha hI isakA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai, isalie yahA~ usakA paricaya prastuta
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________________ 280 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) hai / yahA~ eka sundara U~cA stambha hai / usa para brahmayakSa kI mUrti hai / isI stambha (kambada ) ke kAraNa isa sthAna kA yaha nAma par3A / yahA~ ke zAntinAtha mandira meM zAntinAtha kI 12 phuTa U~cI bhavya mUrti hai / mahAvIra svAmI kI bhI eka sundara mUrti hai jisakA bhAmaNDala kalAtmaka hai / kubera aura dvArapAla (citra kra. 107) evaM yakSI kI bhI AkarSaka pratimAe~ haiM / 1 isa sthAna kI paMcakUTa basadi (citra kra. 108 ) kA kucha bhAga dhvasta ho gayA hai| isa mandira ke pA~ca zikhara haiM isalie ise paMcakUTa basadi kahA jAtA hai| isake pravezadvAra ke bAyIM ora padmAvatI kI mUrti hai / yahA~ AdinAtha kI kAle pASANa kI lagabhaga sAr3he tIna phuTa U~cI (lagabhaga 900 I. kI ) tathA pArzvanAtha kI sAr3he pA~ca phuTa U~cI mUrtiyA~ haiM / sarvANI yakSa aura kUSmAMDinI devI kI bhI pratimAe~ haiM / neminAtha ke yakSa-yakSiNI bhI pratiSThita haiM / isake zikharoM meM vividhatA hai jo anyatra nahIM dekhI jaatii| vargAkAra, gola, aSTakoNIya zikhara evaM anya sUkSma aMkana (dikpAla Adi) ise acchI kArIgarI kA mandira siddha karate haiM / hoysalanareza ke senApati gaMgarAja (paricaya pahale A cukA hai ) ke putra boppaNa ne 12vIM sadI meM isakA nirmANa karAyA thA / hAsana jile ke anya jaina sthala bambaI-baMgalora relave lAina para yaha eka jaMkzana hai / yahA~ se bhI yAtrI hAsana hote hue zravaNabelagola jAte haiM / yahA~ eka sahasrakUTa jinAlaya hai| yaha dhvasta avasthA meM hai / isameM nakkAzI kA sundara kAma hai / basadi meM bAhubalI kI dhAtu kI pratimA atyanta manojJa hai / hoysala rAjavaMza ke samaya meM yahA~ aneka jaina mandira the / - hAsana arasIkere zravaNabelagola aura mUDabidrI jAne ke lie yaha eka pramukha sar3aka kendra hai / yahA~ se relamArga dvArA maisUra aura maMgalora bhI jA sakate haiM / isa nagara meM basa sTaiNDa se lagabhaga Adhe kilomITara kI dUrI para do mandira haiM / 'cikka basadi' nAmaka navIna mandira meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI bhavya prAcIna pratimA hai (dekheM citra kra. 109) usa para sAta phagoM kI chAyA hai aura sarpa kuNDalI ke sAta veSTana mUrti ke mastaka ke ekadama pIche se zurU hokara er3iyoM taka pradarzita haiM / mUrti makara-toraNa aura yakSa-yakSa giyoM se bhI alaMkRta hai / tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI bhI chatra trayI. se yukta eka prAcIna pratimA hai| usake sAtha, varadhArI mastaka se Upara taka pradarzita haiM / yahA~ kI do basadi bhI eka Adhunika mandira hai / usameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI makaratoraNa yukta bhavya pratimA para sAta phaNoM kI chAyA hai / sarpakuNDalI kandhoM se prArambha hokara ghuTanoM taka hai / kevala tIna veSTana haiM aura ghuTanoM ke nIce sarpa kI pU~cha pradarzita hai|
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________________ 107. kaMbadahallI-zAntinAtha basadi : dvArapAla /
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________________ ANSITAMATALOG 108. kaMbadahallI-paMcakUTa basadi kA bAhya dRzya /
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________________ rAja0000) 109. hAsana-cikka basadi : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI khar3agAsana mUrti /
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________________ 110. ma' lItrikUTa basadi (? paMcakUTa) : cakrezvarI ykssii| 111. melakoTa-nAyanAra guphA mandira, sAmane kA dRzya /
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________________ hAsana z2ile ke anya jaina-sthala / 281 heragu hAsana jile ke AlUra tAluka meM sthita isa sthAna para bhI eka prAcIna dhvasta jaina mandira hai / usakA nirmANa hoyasalanareza narasiMhadeva ke senApati cAvimayyA kI patnI jakkavbA ne 1155 I. meM karAyA thaa| pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti bhI pratiSThApita kI thii| khaNDahara hote hue bhI yaha apanI sUkSma kalA ke kAraNa AkarSaka hai| holenarasIpura hAsana-maisUra relamArga para sthita isa sthAna meM 1115 I. meM muni prabhAcandra ke upadeza se koMgAlvadeva ne 'satyavAkya jinAlaya' kA nirmANa karAke hoNNegaDalu nAmaka gA~va dAna meM prApta kiyA thA, aisA zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai| honagerI isa sthAna meM eka 'mahAvIra basadi' hai| usameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI khaDgAsana pratimA ke sAtha kevala caivara kA aMkana hai / isI prakAra eka phalaka para anya pA~ca tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| sambhavataH ye pA~ca bAlayati (ve tIrthaMkara jinhoMne vivAha nahIM kiyA thA) hoN| hosahollu (hosahallI) yahA~ chatratrayI se alaMkRta neminAtha kI padmAsana pratimA hai| pA~ca siMhoM ke Asana para pratiSThita isa mUrti ke pAsa ca~varadhArI mastaka se Upara taka aMkita haiM / yakSa-yakSI bhI pradarzita. haiN| 1125 I. meM hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana ke zAsanakAla meM zubhacandra siddhAntadeva ke zrAvaka ziSya nolabi zeTTi ne 'trikUTa jinAlaya' kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA aneka bAga-bagIcoM ke atirikta 'arhan hallI' nAmaka grAma bhI dAna meM diyA thaa| yahA~ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI bhI sundara pratimA hai / isa mandira kA samaya-samaya para jIrNoddhAra bhI huA hai| ___ isa sthAna para jakkulammA (?) kA bhI eka mandira hai| markali ___ yahAM eka paMcakUTa basadi (arthAt pA~ca garbhagRhoM kA mandira) hai| usameM AdinAtha, supArzvanAtha, puSpadanta, neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI pratimAe~ pratiSThita haiM / yaha basadi bhI hoyasala kAla kI kalAtmaka zailI kI prArambhika sthiti meM batAyI jAtI hai| mandira choTA hai phira bhI sAmane se bhavya lagatA hai| usake garbhagRha meM pravezadvAra para svastika kA aMkana hai| cAra bhujAvAlA gomukha yakSa bhI utkIrNa hai / isI prakAra isameM solaha bhujAoM vAlI cakrezvarI yakSiNI kI mUrti (citra kra. 110) bhI darzanIya hai| uparyukta sthAna zAntigrAma (hAsana-zravaNabelagola mArga) ke pAsa sthita hai| yahA~ grAma ke kile ke andara mandira hai| sana 1172 I. meM hoysalanareza vIraballAla ke mantrI bacirAja aura unakI patnI ne isakA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA drAvir3a saMgha ke zrIpAla vidya ke ziSya
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________________ 282 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) vAsupUjya siddhAntadeva ke caraNoM meM samarpita kara diyA thaa| magalUru hAsana jile kA yaha gA~va hoysalanareza ke samaya meM eka prasiddha jaina kendra thaa| isa vaMza ke zAsaka viSNuvardhana ke samaya meM yahA~ sAta kile vAlA (evvakoTe) jinAlaya vidyamAna thaa| bArahavIM sadI meM yahA~ nandisaMgha-pITha thA jisake adhikArI zrIpAla vidya ke ziSya vAsupUjya the| zAntigrAma itihAsa-prasiddha hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana kI paTarAnI zAntalA devI (dekhie, halebiDa prakaraNa) ke nAma para basAyA gayA yaha grAma hAsana se zravaNabelagola jAnevAle mArga (rAjamArga kramAMka 48) para, sar3aka ke kinAre sthita hai| yahA~ vartamAna meM cAra mandira haiM jinameM se eka jaina mandira hai / mandira choTA hai / pravezadvAra ke siradala para tIrthaMkara kI mUrti hai| AsapAsa siMhoM kA aMkana hai| bhItara tIrthakara sumatinAtha kI chatratrayI se yukta khaDgAsana pratimA ke sAtha yakSa-yakSiNI bhI aMkita haiN| makara-toraNa kI sajjA bhI hai| pArzvanAtha kI nau phaNoM se AcchAdita pratimA bhI hai| isa sthAna ke 'kezava devAlaya' se prApta zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki bArahavIM sadI meM prabhu heggar3e vAsudeva ke jinabhakta putra udayAditya ne sUrasthagaNa ke guru candranandi ke upadeza se 'vAsudeva jinamandira' kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isake sAtha hI grAma-nivAsI honnazeTTi aura anya bhaktoM ne tIrthaMkara sumatinAtha kI mUrti pratiSThApita kI thii| aMgaDi yaha sthAna isa samaya yadyapi cikkamaMgalUra jile meM hai aura mUDigere-sakalezapura mArga para sthita hai tathApi hAsana z2ile ke belUra aura halebiDa se isakA atyanta nikaTa kA sambandha hone ke kAraNa yahA~ hAsana jile ke antargata kucha paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| yaha belUra se lagabhaga 23 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita hai| prAcIna kAla meM isakI khyAti eka prasiddha tIrthasthAna ke rUpa meM rahI hai / kucha zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki 10vIM zatAbdI meM yaha eka pramukha jaina kendra thaa| isa sthAna kA prAcIna nAma zazakapura yA sosevUra thaa| aMgaDi kI sabase adhika prasiddhi yahA~ para hoyasala rAjavaMza kI sthApanA ke kAraNa hai| karnATaka aura vizeSakara karnATaka meM jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM isa rAjavaMza kA bahuta bar3A yogadAna rahA hai / jaina dharma se sambandhita sabase adhika zilAlekha isI vaMza ke rAjAoM, senApatiyoM Adi ke haiN| zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI sabase adhika zilAlekha isa vaMza se sambandhita haiN| isa vaMza ke nareza viSNuvardhana aura paTarAnI zAntalA to aba itihAsa evaM sAhitya ke viSaya bana gaye haiN|
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________________ hAsana jile ke anya jaina sthala | 283 pazcimI ghATa kI sahyAdri zreNI ke dakSiNa meM, ramya vanapradeza meM sthita yaha sthAna . hoyasaloM kA 'pIhara' kahalAtA hai| zilAlekha ke anusAra, hoyasala vaMza kA mala puruSa 'sala' thaa| kathana hai ki eka bAra jaba vaha apanI putravadhU ke gA~va meM apanI kuladevatA 'vAsaMtikA' kI pUjana ke lie gayA huA thA, taba muni sudatta vahA~ upadeza kara rahe the| usI samaya eka zera dahAr3atA huA vahA~ A pahu~cA / taba munirAja ne hAtha meM DaNDA dekara sala se kahA, "poy sala" (arthAt vyAghra ko mAra bhagAo) / sala ne aisA hI kiyA aura vyAghra ko mAra bhgaayaa| tabhI se usakA vaMza poyasala (yA hoyasala) khlaayaa| anuzruti hai ki muni ne use rAjA banAne ke lie hI padmAvatI ko vyAghra ke rUpa meM prakaTa kiyA thaa| yahA~ 'vAsaMtikA ammA' kA ghara Aja bhI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki devI kI mUrti eka hajAra varSa prAcIna hai| miTTI kI banI hone para bhI vaha jyoM kI tyoM hai / (hoyasala vaMza kA anta hI 12vIM sadI meM ho gayA thaa)| __ hoyasala rAjadhAnI belUra meM sthAnAntaraNa kara dI gayI thii| jaba yahA~ vijayanagara ke zAsakoM kA rAjya huA to unhoMne ise 'aMgaDi' nAma diyaa| vartamAna meM aMgaDi eka choTA-sA gA~va hai jahA~ cAvala, kaoNphI aura ilAyacI kI paidAvAra hotI hai| vAsaMtikA devAlaya se eka pharlAga jAne para bIhar3a jaMgala meM 40 phuTa unnata choTI pahAr3I para tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA mandira hai / yaha 20 phuTa U~cA tathA 8 phuTa caur3A hai| isakA nirmANa vinayAditya ne karAyA thaa| mUrti kAle pASANa kI hai kintu usakI sUkSma kArIgarI cittAkarSaka hai| yaha mUrti padmAsana meM ATha phuTa U~cI hai| unake donoM ora ca~varadhArI haiN| uparyukta mandira se thor3I hI dUrI para 'ratnatraya basadi' hai| lagabhaga cAlIsa phuTa U~ce aura 25 phuTa caur3e isa mandira kA nirmANa bhI rAjA vinayAditya ne 1050 I. meM karAyA thA / garbhagRha meM arahanAtha, mallinAtha aura munisuvratanAtha tIrthaMkaroM kI bhavya pratimAe~ 'ratnatraya' ke rUpa meM virAjamAna haiN| garbhagRha kI bAyIM ora lagabhaga 4 phuTa U~cI sarvANa yakSa kI pratimA hai / yakSa ke hAtha meM 'mAdala' phala (karnATaka meM pAyA jAne vAlA eka phala) aura dUsare hAtha meM pAza hai| isI prakAra itanI hI bar3I kUSmAMDinI devI kI bhI sundara pratimA hai| devI ke hAtha meM phalaguccha hai aura mastaka para chatarI ke samAna Ama kA eka vRkSa citrita hai jisameM phala lage haiM / phaloM ko khAne ke lie Aye hue totA, mora, bandara Adi kA zilpI ne bar3A hI sundara utkIrNana kiyA hai| mUrti ke talabhAga meM siMha ke Upara AsIna hoyasala kA citrAMkana hai| yahA~ 990 I. meM drAvir3a saMgha ke muni vimalapaNDita ne sallekhanA vidhi se zarIra tyAgA thaa| ... uparyukta basadi se lagabhaga eka pharlAga kI dUrI para kezava, Izvara aura gaNapati devAlaya haiN| sarvadharma-samanvayabhAvI ballAla nareza ne 12vIM zatI meM, eka hI sthAna para ina tIna mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| . lagabhaga do kilomITara kI dUrI para 'haMyUru' nAmaka eka gA~va hai / isa sthAna para rAjA dvArA nyAya kiyA jAtA thaa| yahA~ bhI pArzvanAtha jinAlaya hai aura mUrti ke donoM ora dharaNendra
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________________ 284 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) aura padmAvatI kA aMkana hai| ___ jaina dharma, eka jaina tIrtha aura hoysalavaMza kI rAjanIti-ina tInoM kAraNoM se karnATaka ke itihAsa meM aMgaDi kA bahuta adhika mahattva hai| maNDya jile meM jainadharma hAsana aura baMgalora jiloM ke bIca meM sthita, karnATaka ke maNDya jile meM bhI jainadharma kA pracAra thA aura vahA~ aneka jaina mandira the| kucha kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| isa jile meM yAtrA yA paryaTana ke lie koI sthala isa pustaka meM nahIM batAyA gayA hai| yAtrI ko zravaNabelagola se sIdhe baMgalora jAne kI anuzaMsA pahale hI kI jA cukI hai| abalavADi yaha sthAna maNDya tAluka ke 'koppa hobba Di' nAmaka gA~va ke pAsa hai ! hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana ke zAsanakAla meM 1131 I. meM malasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha ke nayakIrtideva aura bhAnukIrtideva ke ziSya heggaDe mallinAtha nAma ke zrAvaka ne yahA~ eka vizAla jinamandira kA nirmANa karAke bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| bellUru ___ uparyukta z2ile ke nAgamaNDala tAluka meM yaha sthAna hai| san 1680 I. meM dillI, kolhApura, jinakAMcI, penugoNDe ke siMhAsanAdhIzvara zrI lakSmIsena bhaTTAraka kI preraNA se maisUranareza zrI devarAja oDeyara ne mandira-nirmANa ke lie bhUmi dAna kI thI evaM bhaTTArakajI ke ziSya hulikallu pUdamaNNazeTTi ke pautra, doDDAdaNNa zeTTi ke suputra, sakkare zeTTi ne apane abhyudaya ke lie yahA~ zrI 'vimalanAtha caityAlaya' kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| bhogAdi (bhogavadi) __yaha sthAna bhI maNDya jile meM hai| hoysalanRpa ballAladeva ke mahApradhAna heggaDe balayyA ne san 1173 I. meM yahA~ 'pArzvanAtha jinAlaya' ke lie bhUmi dAna kI thii| isa mandira ke pramukha adhikArI akalaMkadeva paramparA ke zrI padmasvAmI the| daDaga ___yaha sthAna bhI uparyukta z2ile meM hI avasthita hai| yaha sthAna pahile 'daDigana kere' kahalAtA thA / yahA~ eka paMcajinAlaya thaa| usameM 'bAhubalikUTa' nAmaka jinAlaya kA nirmANa hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana ke daNDanAyaka (senApati) mariyAne aura bharatamayyA ne karAyA thA tathA bhUmi Adi aneka prakAra kA dAna dekara apane guru meghacandra ko sauMpA thA / ina bandhuoM ne hI halebiDa ke zAntIzvara mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa|
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________________ baMgalora | 285 baMgalora karnATaka kI rAjadhAnI baMgalora ko zItala, svAsthyavardhaka evaM eka udyAna-nagara ke rUpa meM sabhI jAnate haiN| sAMskRtika, sAhityika aura audyogika nagarI ke rUpa meM bhI isakI khyAti hai| dakSiNa bhArata kI yAtrA meM yaha darzanIya nagarI hone ke sAtha hI sAtha, karnATaka kI prAcIna kalA evaM sthApatya ke lie bhI pravezadvAra hai| bahuta-se paryaTaka aba yahIM se karnATaka kI yAtrA prArambha karate haiN| avasthiti evaM mArga baMgalora relamArga dvArA bhArata ke sabhI pramukha nagaroM se jur3A huA hai / dillI, bambaI, ahamadAbAda, kalakattA, guvAhATI, madrAsa aura trivendrama tathA maMgalUra se sIdhI gAr3iyoM dvArA yahA~ pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| havAI jahAja dvArA yahA~ dillI, kalakattA, haidarAbAda, madrAsa, bambaI, maMgalora, koyambaTUra aura kocIna se yahA~ pahuMcanA AsAna hai| sar3aka-mArga dvArA aba dUra-dUra ke sthAnoM se ArAmadAyaka basoM meM yahA~ pahu~canA sarala ho gayA hai| jahA~ haidarAbAda se rela dvArA baMgalora pahu~cane meM kucha kaSTa hI hotA hai vahA~ ArAmadAyaka baseM eka hI rAta meM yaha yAtrA sampanna karA detI haiN| ye baseM karnATaka evaM sambandhita sarakAroM ke atirikta nijI basavAloM dvArA bhI calAI jAtI haiN| karnATaka sarakAra kA paryaTana sUcanA kendra baMgalora siTI relave sTezana para bhI hai| aneka sthAnoM ke lie paryaTana basoM meM yahA~ rijarvezana karAyA jA sakatA hai| eka hI dina meM paryaTaka basa zravaNabelagola, belara aura halebiDa kI yAtrA karA detI hai| kamI sirpha yaha rahatI hai ki zravaNabelagola meM paryaTaka kevala gomaTezvara mahAmUrti ke hI darzana kara pAtA hai / gaira-sarakArI loga bhI aneka paryaTaka baseM vibhinna sthAnoM ke lie calAte haiM / paryaTakoM ko parAmarza diyA jAtA hai ki ve samaya se pahale, jahA~ taka sambhava ho, lambI dUrI kI yAtrA ke lie sarakArI basoM meM hI rijarvezana kraaeN| __baMgalora kA relave sTezana bar3A hai kintu bhIr3a-bhAr3a Adi kI dRSTi se itanA suvidhAjanaka nahIM hai| sTezana se bAhara Ane para sAmane hI karnATaka sarakAra kA basa sTaiNDa hai| usake do bhAga haiM-eka baMgalora zahara meM calane vAlI basoM ke lie hai (ovara brija ke pAsa) aura dUsarA baMgalora se bAhara jAne vAlI basoM ke lie| yahA~ kA basa sTaiNDa bar3A, sApha-sutharA, vyavasthita au suvidhAjanaka hai| isI sTaiNDa para zahara kI basa-gAiDa aura karnATaka basa-mArgoM kA nakzA, ye donoM milate haiN| inheM le lene se bahuta-sI parezAnI baca jAtI hai| yahA~ basoM meM sITa kA agrima ArakSaNa bhI hotA hai| zahara meM paryaTana kI baseM bhI yahA~ se milatI haiN| __ jo yAtrI hoTala meM ThaharanA cAhate haiM, unake lie basa sTaiNDa ke tInoM ora phailI hoTaloM kI zrRMkhalA hai| bhojana ke lie zAkAhArI hoTala hI hai yaha sunizcita kara lenA caahie| vaise
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________________ 286 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) pAsa hI meM sthita cikapeTa meM kucha acche hoTala bhI mila jaaeNge| baMgalora solahavIM zatAbdI meM eka choTA-sA sthAna thA jisa para yelahankA prabhu zAsana karate the| unhoMne yahA~ 1537 I. meM yahA~ eka choTA-sA zahara bsaayaa| vijayanagara ke samrATa ne yahA~ ke kempagoDA sAmanta ko bahuta-sI z2amIna upahAra meM dI thii| usakI Aya se kempagoDA ne isa zahara ko basAyA aura vikAsa kiyA / Aja bhI kempagoDA kA nAma yahA~ mArga Adi ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| usake bAda yahA~ TIpU sulatAna kA zAsana huA aura phira maisUra ke rAjavaMza oDeyara kaa| inake samaya meM isa nagara ne khUba pragati kI / svatantra bhArata meM, isake Asa-pAsa vAyuyAna banAne vAlA kArakhAnA, Teliphona karakhAnA Adi evaM aneka kAryAlayoM ke kAraNa, isa nagara kA AzAtIta vikAsa huA hai / Aja yaha bhArata ke pramukha nagaroM meM se eka hai| baMgalora mahAnagarI ko yAtrA para nikalane se pahale hama paricaya prApta karate haiM yahA~ ke jaina mandiroM kaa| vRSabhadeva digambara jaina mandira evaM somaMdhara svAmI digambara jaina mandira relave sTezana se bAhara sar3aka para Ane para dAhinI ora yadi Apa dekheM to isa mandira kA zikhara dikha jaaegaa| tAtparya yaha ki yaha mandira relave sTezana aura basa sTaiNDa ke bilakula pAsa karIba AdhA kilomITara kI dUrI para hai| yaha maMdira raMgasvAmI Tempala sTrITa balepeTa kraoNsa (caurAhA) para sthita hai| isakA nirmANa bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava ke samaya huA thaa| isakA eka digambara jaina TrasTa hai| mandira bahuta bhavya hai / vaha lagabhaga pUrA kA pUrA hI saMgamaramara kA banA hai| mandira kI saMgamaramara kI caukhaTa para sundara kalAkArI hai| nIce kI ora dvArapAla bane haiN| siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| unase Upara RSabhadeva ke AhAra kA garbhagRha meM AdinAtha kI lagabhaga pA~ca phuTa U~cI pratimA kamalAsana para virAjamAna hai| paMcadhAtu kI padmaprabha aura mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimAeM bhI pratiSThita haiN| garbhagRha se bAhara tInoM ora saMgamaramara ke phrema meM bane AloM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiN| __ Upara kI maMz2ila meM sImaMdhara svAmI kA bahuta hI sundara samavasaraNa hai / usameM gandhakuTI meM tIrthaMkara kI caumukhI pratimA sthApita hai| (samavasaraNa meM gandhakuTI meM kamalAsana para virAjamAna hokara bhagavAna upadeza karate haiM to unakA mukha cAroM tarapha hara kisI ko dikhAI detA hai| usI kI anukRti meM caumukhI pratimAe~ banAI jAtI haiN| ) yahA~ ke samavasaraNa kI racanA saMgamaramara se kI gaI hai isIlie vaha bahuta sundara lagatI hai| samavasaraNa mandira ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| dvAra kI caukhaTa meM gola ghere saMgamaramara ke hI bane haiN| unameM solaha svapnoM kA manohArI aMkana hai| isake atirikta dvArapAla bhI banAe gae haiN| __ mandira ke tahakhAne meM svAdhyAya-mandira hai| yaha Adhunika DhaMga kA banA hai| usameM lagabhaga 100 tADapatrIya grantha aura itane hI hastalikhita grantha haiM / yahIM para Jain Literature Research Centre bhI hai| yahIM para vItarAga vijJAna vidyApITha (parIkSA borDa) bhI hai| usake dvArA karnATaka rAjya
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________________ meM dasa pAThazAlAe~ calAI jA rahI haiN| Thaharane kI uttama suvidhA - mandira ke sAmane hI yAtriyoM ke Thaharane ke lie Adhunika DhaMga kI vyavasthA hai / isa dharmazAlA meM do bistaroMvAle solaha kamare Danalapa gaddoM se sajjita haiM / unameM se pratyeka ke sAtha snAnaghara bhI hai| eka rasoIghara bhI alaga se hai / caubIsa ghaNTe pAnI kI vyavasthA ke atirikta eka kuA~ bhI hai / nIce talaghara meM eka haoNla bhI hai jisameM pUrI basa ke yAtrI Thahara sakate haiM / dharmazAlA ke rakha-rakhAva ke vyaya ke lie dAna ke rUpa meM kucha niyata zulka liyA jAtA hai| jaina yAtriyoM ke lie baMgalora meM Thaharane kI isase adhika acchI vyavasthA anyatra nahIM hai / mandira aura svAdhyAya maNDala kA patA nIce likhe anusAra haizrI vRSabhadeva digambara jaina mandira, zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya maNDala TrasTa, baMgalora / 287 14, raMgasvAmI Tempala sTrITa (Rangaswamy Temple streei) balepeTa kraoNsa (Balepet cross) baMgalora - 560053 zrI mahAvIra svAmI digambara jaina mandira (Temple) cikapeTa relave sTezana se tIna-cAra kilomITara kI dUrI para yaha mandira yahA~ ke pramukha bAz2Ara meM sthita hai| mandira aura zrI digambara jaina saMgha kA nAma bAhara bhI aMgrez2I meM likhA hai / yaha eka galI meM hai aura TaiksI bhI muzkila se jAtI hai| e. ema. lena, cikapeTa ke isa mandira ke lie sabase acchA rAstA ayyaMgAra ( Iyengar) roDa hokara hai / mandira prAcIna hai / samaya-samaya para isakA jIrNodvAra bhI huA hai / sabase pahale eka tIna maMz2ilA gopura ( pravezadvAra ) hai / usameM Upara yakSa-yakSI, siMha Adi kI AkRtiyA~ dravir3a zailI meM utkIrNa haiM / mandira ke sAmane balipITha hai aura pravezamaNDapa hai jo ki eka hI ora se khulA hai / sabhAmaNDapa ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para tIrthaMkara mUrti ke donoM ora do hAthI aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara chatratrayI se yukta haiM / sabase Upara pA~ca tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM pradarzita haiM / nIce kI ora dvArapAla bane haiN| garbhagRha se pahale ke maNDapa meM dvAra ke donoM ora dharaNendra aura padmAvatI pratiSThita haiN| garbhagRha meM tIna choTI vediyA~ haiM / bIca kI veda meM mahAvIra svAmI kI dhAtu pratimA hai| pArzvanAtha kI kAle pASANa kI lagabhaga DhAI phuTa U~cI mUrti makara-toraNa se alaMkRta hai / inake atirikta yakSI jvAlAmAlinI aura padmAvatI devI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / mandira kI Upara kI maMz2ila meM bhI eka haoNla meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiM / tIsarI maMjila para bAhubalI kI lagabhaga cAra phuTa U~cI saMgamaramara kI pratimA hai jisa para sarpoM kI bA~bI aura latAoM kA AkarSaka aMkana hai / uparyukta mandira ke pIche eka kulikA meM brahmadeva kI pratimA hai / mandira ke pIche ke bhAga meM Upara bhI mahAvIra svAmI kI saMgamaramara kI bhavya pratimA virAjamAna hai / mandira ke donoM ora kamare bane haiM jo ki muniyoM yA bhaTTAraka Adi tyAgiyoM ke Thaharane ke lie haiM / mandira kA zikhara dravir3a zailI kA hai| usake cAroM ora padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura siMhoM Adi kA aMkana hai / usa para tIna kalaza bhI haiM /
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________________ 288 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) Thaharane kI vyavasthA-cikapeTa mandira meM eka ora nIce dUkAneM haiM aura Upara sAta choTechoTe kamare haiN| sabhI ke lie eka choTA-sA snAnaghara hai| rezamI sAr3iyA~ aura anya prakAra ke kapar3oM ke lie prasiddha cikapeTa bAz2Ara meM sthita hone ke kAraNa yahA~ bahuta bhIr3a rahatI hai| ___ uparyukta mandira ke pAsa hI zvetAmbara mandira bhI hai| vahA~ pahale se sUcanA dene para yAtriyoM ke lie bhojana kI vyavasthA bhI ho jAtI hai| mandira ke bilakula pAsa meM 'sAvitrammAsa digambara jaina dharmazAlA' bhI hai kintu vaha adhika upayogI nahIM hai, jagaha bhI milanA muzkila hai| mandira aura uparyukta dharmazAlA kaTarA jaisI galI meM hai| basa to vahA~ taka jA hI nahIM sakatI, kAra bhI muzkila se jA pAtI hai| yAtriyoM ko parAmarza diyA jAtA hai ki ve raMgasvAmI sTrITa ke mandira kI Adhunika suvidhAoM se yukta dharmazAlA meM tthhreN| mandira kA patA hai zrI mahAvIra svAmI digambara jaina mandira (Tempala) 29, DI. ke. lena, cikapeTa kraoNsa, baMgalora-560053. baMgalora ke gAndhInagara meM bhI saMgamaramara kA eka sundara mandira hai| saMsthAe~-baMgalora meM aneka saMsthAeM haiM jinameM pramukha haiM-zramaNa bhAratI (jayanagara), mahAvIra saMgha (cikapeTa mandira meM), kUSmANDI mahilA samAja, mahAvIra mizana aura ema. TI. jaina boDiMga (kRSNarAjendra roDa para) tathA jaina miln| jaina parivAra-anumAna hai ki baMgalora meM lagabhaga eka haz2Ara jaina parivAra haiN| cikapeTa meM jyAdAtara zvetAmbara bhAI nivAsa karate haiM to digambara parivAra rAjAjInagara, mAgaDI roDa, vijayanagara, jayanagara tathA vasantaguDI jaise upanagaroM meM rahate haiN| milka kI sADiyoM Adi kA bahata baDA kendra hai| yahA~ rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI jainoM kI aneka dUkAneM haiN| bahuta se taMga rAstevAle kaTare yA bAjAra bhI yahIM haiN| kannaDabhASI parivAra bhI bahuta kAphI saMkhyA meM haiN| baMgalora ke anya darzanIya sthala 1. vidhAna saudha-relave sTezana se tIna-cAra kilomITara kI dUrI para tathA kabbana pArka ke uttara meM sapheda grenAiTa kI yaha bhavya imArata hai / isameM karnATaka vidhAna sabhA aura rAjya ke sacivAlaya haiN| isa bhavana para ravivAra aura chuTTiyoM ke dina rozanI kI jAtI hai jo acchA dRzya prastuta karatI hai| 2. lAlabAga-yaha eka vanaspati udyAna (Botanical Garden) hai| isakA nirmANa haidaraalI aura TIpU sulatAna ne lagabhaga do sau varSa pUrva karAyA thaa| lagabhaga 240 ekar3a meM phaile isa udyAna meM karIba eka hajAra prakAra ke per3a-paudhe haiM / yahA~ kA mukhya AkarSaNa kA~ca kA eka maNDapa hai jisameM vAgavAnI sambandhI pradarzaniyA~ Ayojita kI jAtI haiN| 3, kabbana pArka (Cubbon Park)-lagabhaga tIna sau ekar3a meM phailA yaha pArka vidhAna
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________________ baMgalora | 289 saudha ke sAmane hAIkorTa ke ahAte se lagA huA hai| yaha pArka bhI 1864 meM banA thaa| isI meM pablika lAyabrarI aura hAIkorTa (attAra kacerI-aThAraha kacaharI) bhI haiM / saMdhyA samaya 'pheyarI phAuNTena' para rozanI hotI hai| 4. TIpU sulatAna kA mahala aura kilA-mukhya rUpa se lakar3I kA banA TIpU kA mahala isa sulatAna kA grISmakAlIna nivAsa thaa| qilA pahale pahala kempagoDA ne banavAyA thA aura haidaraalI tathA TIpU sulatAna ne isakA punarnirmANa karAyA thaa| 5. saMgrahAlaya-kastUrabA roDa para sthita aura 1886 I. meM sthApita yahA~ kA saMgrahAlaya kAphI purAnA hai| usameM moheMjodar3o se lekara vibhinna yugoM kI prAcIna vastuoM kA acchA saMgraha hai| purAtattva kA yahA~ sundara pradarzana hai| 6. kucha anya saMgrahAlaya-yahA~ kucha anya saMgrahAlaya Adi bhI darzanIya haiN| vizvezvaraiyA iNDasTriyala eNDa TeknaoNlaoNjikala myUz2iyama, veMkaTappA ArTa gailarI aura nyU ArTa kAmpleksa (azoka hoTala) inameM pramukha haiN| kharIdArI-baMgalora silka prasiddha hai| usakA sabase acchA kendra cikapeTa hai| zIzama, candana, hAthIdA~ta Adi kI dastakArI kI vastue~ yahA~ acchI milatI haiN| candana kI pArzvanAtha mati, bAhabalI mUrti aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ baMgalora kA hamezA smaraNa dilAtI rheNgii| agarabattiyA~, senTa, candana sAbuna Adi bahuta-sI vastueM zuddha rUpa meM sarakArI 'kAverI emporiyama' se kharIdanA sabase acchA hai| kucha dUriyA~ baMgalora se kucha pramukha sthAnoM kI kilomITara meM dUrI isa prakAra hai-Agumbe 357, aihola 510, bAdAmI 499, belagA~va 502, belUra 222, bIdara 669, bIjApura 579, dharmasthala 349, dhAravAr3a 428, halebiDa 216, hampI 350, hAsana 185, joga-jharane (phaoNlsa) 377, kArakala 378, kolAra svarNa khadAneM 98, maMgalora 357, marakArA 253, mUDabidrI 391, maisUra 140, naMjaguDa 164, paTTadakala 514, zravaNabelagola 158, zrIraMgapaTTana 125 aura veNUra 383 (ye A~kar3e karnATaka sarakAra ke TUrisTa mepa se liye gaye haiN|) - aura bhI, kucha anya sthAnoM kI bhI baMgalora se dUrI ki. mI. meM nIce likhe anusAra haivijayavAr3A 637, trivendrama 728, tirupati 248, pANDicerI 328, madurai 422, madrAsa 336, haidarAbAda 563, kocIna 520, koyambaTUra 333, kAMcIpuram 2 30, UTI 299, rAmezvaram 584, kAlIkaTa 344, zolApura 710, paNajI 590, nAgapura 1100, pUnA 840, bambaI 1025, auraMgAbAda 1681, ahamadAbAda 1580, aura dillI 2044 ki. mii.| - baMgalora ke bAda yAtrA kA agalA caraNa maisUra hai| maisUra yahA~ se lagabhaga 140 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai / vahA~ jAne ke lie dina meM pAMca eksapresa releM calatI haiN| sar3aka-mArga se jAne . kI sabase acchI suvidhA yaha hai ki hara 20 minaTa ke bAda baMgalora se maisUra ke lie basa chuTatI hai jo ki maisUra jAkara hI rukatI hai, bIca meM kahIM nahIM ruktii|
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________________ 290 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) - maisUra-yAtrA se pahile baMgalora jile ke kucha jaina sthaloM kA bhI paricaya prApta kara liyA jAe jo ki yAtrA-krama meM sammilita nahIM haiN| baMgalora jile ke anya jaina kendra zAntigatta yahA~ vardhamAna basadi nAma kA eka jinamandira hai| isameM padmAvatI, jvAlAmAlinI, sarasvatI, paMcaparameSThI, navadevatA Adi kI dhAtu-nirmita AsIna mUrtiyA~ haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti para eka zilAlekha hai jisameM vinayAditya se narasiMha prathama (1141-73 I.) taka ke hoysala rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI dI gaI hai| isase yaha jAna par3atA hai ki isa mandira kA nirmANa bArahavIM sadI meM huA hogaa| mUrti lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI hai aura sundara prabhAvalI se alaMkRta maNNe (mAtyanagara) nelamaMgala tAluka meM sthita isa sthAna ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki gaMgakula ke lie sUrya ke samAna mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara zivamAra ke putra mArasiMga ke rAjya-kAla meM isa zAsaka ke senApati zrIvijaya ne yahA~ 997 I. meM eka jinamandira banavAyA thA aura usa mandira ke lie 'riSTavekkUru' nAmaka gA~va bhI dAna meM prApta kiyA thaa| yaha bhI ullekha hai ki uparyukta sthAna ke pAsa ke zAlvalI grAma ke zrAvaka bappayyA ne mAtyapura ke dakSiNa meM sthita jinamandira ke lie 'parva DiyUra' gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| yahIM para devendra bhaTTAraka kI ziSyA bhArabbekanti kI bhI samAdhi hai| nandi baMgalora jile ke cikkavaLaLApura tAluka meM sthita yaha sthAna prasiddha vizrAmadhAma hai| yahA~ ke gopInAtha parvata para sthita gopAlasvAmI mandira ke prAMgaNa meM eka zilAlekha hai| usameM ullekha hai ki dvAparakAla meM dazaratha ke putra zrI rAmacandrajI ne yahA~ para arhanta parameSThI kA eka caityAlaya banavAyA thA aura usa meM pUjana kI thii| zilAlekha yaha bhI kathana karatA hai ki pANDavoM ke samaya kuntI ne usakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| isa basadi ke viSaya meM zilAlekha meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha bhUdevI ke tilaka ke samAna hai, svarga-mokSa ke lie sIr3hI hai, parvatoM meM zreSTha hai aura jinabimba ke sAnnidhya se pavitra hai| muniyoM kI tapasyA ke lie yahA~ guphAoM kA bhI nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| yahA~ kA 'zrI kundaparvata' pUjA, tapa, aura adhyayana ke pavitra vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa sadA harA-bharA rahatA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki kuMdakuMdAcArya ne yahA~ bhI tapasyA kI hogii|
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________________ maisUra / 291 maisUra baMgalora se sar3aka yA relamArga dvArA maisUra pahu~canA sabase adhika suvidhAjanaka hai| relamArga se bambaI kA sIdhA sambandha maisUra se hai / bambaI se AnevAlI gAr3iyA~ miraja taka bar3I lAina para AtI haiM aura vahA~ se mITara geja kI dUsarI gAr3I yAtriyoM ko baMgalora taka le jAtI haiN| kucha gAr3iyoM meM maisUra kA DibbA lagatA hai ( paNajI se bhI mITara geja kI gAr3I kA DibbA bhI maisUra ke lie lagane lagA hai) jo arasIkere meM kaTakara dUsarI gAr3I meM lagakara hAsana hai aura vahA~ se maisUra kI gAr3I meM lagatA hai| kula milAkara isameM kucha asuvidhA hI hotI hai / yAtriyoM ko yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki maisUra choTI lAina para hI hai aura maisUra se baMgalora taka bhI choTI lAina hai kintu isa mArga para acchI, teja aura suvidhAjanaka eksapresa gAr3iyA~ bhI calatI haiM / relamArga se baMgalora se maisUra 139 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai / sar3aka mArga dvArA bhI maisUra aura baMgalora kI dUrI 140 ki. mI. hai aura jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, donoM zaharoM ke bIca hara bIsa minaTa ke bAda eksapresa baseM calatI haiM jo bIca meM kahIM nahIM rukatI haiM / maisUra basoM dvArA karnATaka evaM anya rAjyoM ke sAtha jur3A huA hai / zravaNaMaria ke lie bhI yahA~ se sIdhI basa milatI hai| karnATaka sarakAra kI paryaTaka baseM bhI AsapAsa ke darzanIya sthAnoM kI yAtrA karAtI haiM / inameM se eka basa zravaNabelagola, halebiDa aura belUra kI yAtrA eka hI dina meM karA detI hai / gaira-sarakArI paryaTaka baseM bhI khUba calatI haiM / yahA~ kA relave sTezana aura basa sTaiNDa donoM eka dUsare se do-tIna kilomITara kI dUrI para haiM / maisUra meM bAhara jAne vAlI basoM kA sTaiNDa alaga hai jo ki yahA~ ke ghaNTAghara se kucha dUrI para hai| zahara meM calane vAlI basoM kA sTaiNDa yahA~ ke prasiddha rAjamahala aura ghaNTAghara ke pAsa hai / sabase pAsa kA havAI aDDA baMgalora hI hai / maisUra eka sAfa-sutharA, zAnta aura garimAmaya sthAna hai / svatantra bhArata meM sammilita hone se pahale yahA~ oDeyara zAsaka rAjya karate the / kucha logoM ko yaha baMgalora se bhI acchA zahara lagatA hai| jaina mandira zahara ke anya darzanIya sthaloM se pahale yahA~ ke mandiroM kA paricaya prApta kara liyA jAe / 1. zrI pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira - yAtrI jaba bAhara Ane-jAne vAlI basoM se bAhara AtA hai to use thor3I hI dUra ( eka kilomITara se bhI kama ) para candragupta roDa milatA hai / usI para 'zrI ema. ela. vardhamAnayya jaina borDiMga homa' hai / saMgama sinemA ke sAmane isa boDiMga homa (jaina chAtrAvAsa) meM uparyukta mandira hai / usake ahAte meM praveza karate hI Upara kI maMz2ila meM pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana pratimA dikhAI detI hai| mUrti eka pratIka ke rUpa meM hai na ki pratiSThita / Upara kI maMz2ila meM mandira hai / usameM pItala mar3hI vedI hai aura dvAra para bhI pItala mar3hA hai| mandira choTA-sA hai aura mUlarUpa se vidyArthiyoM ke lie nirmita hai / usameM kAle pASANa
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________________ 292 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) kI lagabhaga Der3ha phuTa U~cI makara-toraNa evaM chatratrayI se sajjita tIrthaMkara pratimA hai / usake donoM ora padmAsana tIrthaMkara haiM jinheM milAkara caubIsI banatI hai / aura bhI pratimAe~ haiM / garbhagRha ke bAhara dharaNendra aura padmAvatI bhI pratiSThita haiM / Thaharane kI suvidhA - yaha boDiMga homa vidyArthiyoM ke lie hai / isa kAraNa yadi koI vidyArthI Ae to use pahale jagaha dI jAtI hai, bAda meM yAtriyoM ko / jaba chuTTiyA~ hotI haiM taba bhI yAtriyoM ko jagaha dene kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| vAstava meM, yahA~ Thaharane kI pakkI suvidhA nahIM hai yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI caahie| maisUra meM anyatra jaina yAtriyoM ke lie dharmazAlA jaisI anya koI suvidhA nahIM hai / unheM Asa-pAsa ke hoTaloM meM ( bAz2Ara ke Asa-pAsa kI) ThaharanA par3atA hai| vaise isI borDiMga hAusa ke pAsa 'cAmuNDI vasatigRha' nAmaka laoNja hai jo jaina svAmitva hai| vahIM se gommaTagiri sambandhI pUrI jAnakArI, vAhana kI suvidhA aura zahara ke darzanIya sthaloM ke bhramaNa kA bhI prabandha ho jAtA hai / jaisI bhI sthiti ho, gommaTagiri ke lie yahA~ se paryApta mArgadarzana upalabdha hogA / uparyukta mandira ke pAsa, saMgama sinemA ke pAsa hI tIrthaMkara roDa hai / isa mArga para sumatinAtha zvetAmbara mandira dUsarI maMz2ila para hai| garbhagRha saMgamaramara kA hai aura vedI cA~dI kI hai / 2. eka sAdhAraNa sA digambara jaina mandira sthAnIya nagarapAlikA kAryAlaya ke pAsa hai / yaha sthAna mukhya bAz2Ara aura ghaNTAghara cauka ke pAsa hI hai / 3. zrI digambara jaina mandira ( mahala ke sAmane ) - maisUra mahArAjA ke rAjamahala ke sAmane ( siTI basa sTaiNDa ke naz2adIka ) sar3aka pAra karake, cola rAjAoM ke jamAne (dasavIM sadI) kA prAcIna digambara jaina mandira hai / kendrIya tAraghara aura sTaiTa baiMka oNpha iNDiyA ke nikaTa vanamayyA kaoNleja ke hI ahAte meM kone para yaha mandira sthita hai / usake Asa-pAsa lagabhaga nau phuTa U~cI pASANa kI kaMgUredAra dIvAla hai / anuzruti hai ki kisI samaya yaha mandira rAjamahala kI sImA yA parakoTe ke andara thA / usa samaya jaina mantrI Adi huA karate the kintu kisI samaya use mahala kI sImA se bAhara kara diyaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki kucha samaya bAda mahala meM Aga laga gaI aura Age calakara vartamAna nayA mahala banavAyA gyaa| maMdira ke sAmane hI mahala kA parakoTA dikhAI detA hai / isakI muMDera para sarasvatI kI mUrti hai isakA zikhara choTA hai kintu hai dravir3a zailI kA / usake tIna stara haiM / unameM padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura siMha Adi pradarzita haiM / mandira ke praveza kA jo sabase pahalA dvAra hai usake siradala para padmAsana tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiM / pASANa nirmita dvArapAla haiM / usake bAda khulA A~gana hai / dUsare pravezadvAra para bhI padmAsana tIrthaMkara aMkita haiM / nIce kI ora indra-indrANI banAe gae haiN| usake bAda aneka stambhoM vAlA sabhAmaNDapa hai / garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra para mU~choMvAle dvArapAla haiM / dharaNendra- padmAvatI kI bhI mUrtiyA~ haiN| prathama koSTha meM pItala kI pratimAe~ haiM / mukhya garbhagRha meM zAntinAtha kI chatratrayI, makaratoraNa aura kIrtimukha se alaMkRta lagabhaga DhAI phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga pratimA hai / mandira pASANanirmita hai /
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________________ maMsUra / 293 maisUra ke anya darzanIya sthala rAjamahala - siTI basa sTaiNDa aura mukhya bAz2Ara se lagA huA yahA~ kA rAjamahala avazya dekhanA caahie| yaha mahala 1911 I. meM bayAlIsa lAkha kI lAgata se banA thA / usakA darabAra haoNla, ratnajaTita rAjasiMhAsana Adi svayaM dekhane kI vastue~ haiM / rozanI ke samaya isakI adbhuta chaTA hotI hai / isameM sunaharI kAma aura dovAloM para citrakArI nakkAzI Adi bahuta hI sundara haiN| chuTTiyoM ke dina isa para rozanI kI jAtI hai / rAtri ke samaya thor3I rozanI meM bhI yaha sundara dikhatA hai / yaha subaha sAr3he dasa se sAr3he pA~ca taka khulA rahatA hai / cAmuNDI pahAr3I para nandI - yahA~ sArvajanika baseM bhI Upara cAmuNDezvarI mandira taka jAtI haiM / yahA~ isa mandira ke sAmane lagabhaga 15 phuTa U~cA pASANa kA eka nandI hai jisake gale kI mAlAe~ tathA ghaNTiyA~ sundara haiM / car3hane ke lie lagabhaga eka haz2Ara sIr3hiyA~ haiM / isa pahAr3I para se maisUra zahara kA acchA dRzya dikhAI detA hai / kAverI emporiyama - yaha bhI mukhya bAz2Ara ke bilakula karIba hai / yahA~ candana, zIzama, hAthI dAMta, rezama, candana kA seMTa, agarabattiyA~ Adi kharIdI jA sakatI haiM / yahA~ tathA bAz2Ara meM candana kI bAhubalI aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ bhI milatI haiM / maisUra vizvavidyAlaya - kucha U~cI pahAr3I para sthita yaha vizvavidyAlaya eka sundara parisara hai / dRzyoM kI dRSTi se yahA~ kA bhramaNa bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / maisUra, baMgalora Adi sthAnoM meM khAnapAna ke bar3e-bar3e hoTala 'bhavana' ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM / inameM se kucha rAjasthAnI svAmitva ke haiM aura sAfa-suthare haiM / yahA~ dakSiNa bhAratIya cAvala bhojana ko 'madrAsa khAnA' aura roTI tathA cAvala ke bhojana ko 'bambaI khAnA' bolate haiM / bAz2AroM Adi meM hindI bhASA se kAma calatA 1 vRndAvana gArDansa - maisUra se 19 ki. mI. kI dUrI para vRndAvana gArDansa haiM / yahA~ kAverI nadI para eka bA~dha banAyA gayA hai jise kRSNarAjasAgara bA~dha kahate haiM / isI bA~dha kI talahaTI meM eka udyAna sthita hai / eka krama se nIcI hotI calI gaI jamIna para raMga-biraMge phUloM, sundara paudhoM aura aneka prakAra ke choTe-bar3e phavvAroM ke kAraNa yaha udyAna atyanta AkarSaka hai / sinemApremI yaha khUba jAnate haiM ki yahA~ aneka filmoM kI zUTiMga hotI hai| isa udyAna meM hara zAma eka ghaNTe ke lie aura ravivAra evaM chuTTiyoM ke dina do ghaNTe ke lie rozanI kI jAtI hai| raMgaviraMgI rozanI meM phavvAre apUrva dRzya upasthita karate haiM / rozanI se sUrya, titaliyA~, bhArata kA nakzA Adi vibhinna AkRtiyA~ banatI haiM aura mana ko AkarSita karatI haiM / itane thor3e samaya meM sabhI chaviyA~ dekha lenA kabhI-kabhI muzkila bhI ho jAtA / isI udyAna meM naukAvihAra kI bhI suvidhA hai| aba isa udyAna meM nRtya aura saMgIta kA Ananda dene vAle phavvAre bhI lagAe gae haiN| kampyUTara dvArA niyantrita ye phavvAre rozanI aura saMgIta kI laya ke sAtha uThate-girate yA nRtya karate dikhAe dete haiM / uparyukta udyAna ke lie maisUranagara basa sTaiNDa se baseM milatI haiM jo ki bA~dha se pahale utAra detI haiM / isakA lAbha yaha hotA hai ki paryaTaka bA~dha ke Upara kI sar3aka paidala pAra karate samaya pAnI
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________________ 294 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) kI sumadhura kala-kala AvAz2a sunakara Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| paryaTaka baseM paryaTaka ko TheTha udyAna meM pahu~cA detI haiM aura vaha bA~dha ke jala ke dRzya kA Ananda nahIM le paataa| ye prAyaH saMdhyA samaya hI AtI haiN| jo isa udyAna meM phoTogrAphI karanA cAheM unheM dina ke tIna baje taka vahA~ avazya pahu~ca jAnA caahie| jo bhI ho, maisUra kI yAtrA para Ane vAle hara yAtrI ko yaha udyAna avazya dekhanA caahie| zrIraMgapaTTana (darzanIya sthala) avasthiti evaM mArga maisUra kI yAtrA para AnevAle yAtrI prAyaH isa sthAna kI bhI yAtrA karate haiN| maisUra-baMgalora rela-mArga aura sar3aka-mArga donoM para sthita yaha sthAna maisUra se kevala 16 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ kI yAtrA rela se adhika suvidhAjanaka hai / AbAdI sTezana se lagI hai| jaina mandira bhI pAsa paDatA hai| yadi saDaka-mArga se maisara se yAtrA kI jAe to zrIraMgapaTana se lagabhaga do kilomITara pahale hI hindI aura aMgrejI meM sar3aka ke kinAre 'zrIraMgapaTTana jaina mandira' kA borDa lagA hai| kucha basavAle yAtrI ko vahA~ utAra bhI dete haiM / sthAnIya jaina mandira sthAnIya jaina mandira kA pASANa kA ahAtA lagabhaga 1200 phuTa lambA hai| usameM eka bhItarI ahAtA aura hai| mandira ke sAmane 'zrI digambara jaina mandira-AdinAtha mandira' (hindI aura aMgrejI meM likhA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki yaha mandira lagabhaga 850 varSa purAnA hai| mandira ke prathama haoNla kI dIvAla ke pAsa lage eka stambha para choTA zilAlekha purAnI kannar3a meM hai| yahIM ke nauvIM sadI ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki zravaNabelagola kI candragiri para candragupta aura bhadrabAhu ke caraNa haiM / mandira pASANa-nirmita hai aura aneka stambhoM se yukta hai| mandira ke dvAra kI caukhaTa para dvArapAla aMkita haiM kintu siradala para yakSa kA aMkana hai| pravezamaNDapa ke bAda ke koSTha meM cA~dI kI caukhaTa meM donoM ora dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| usake bAda ke koSTha meM kAle pASANa kI, makaratoraNa se alaMkRta eka caubIsI hai| garbhagRha meM pA~ca siMhoM ke Asana para AdinAtha kI kAle pASANa kI lagabhaga DhAI phuTa U~cI mUrti makaratoraNa aura chatratrayI se alaMkRta mandira ke ahAte meM hI eka arcaka kA ghara hai| yahAM Thaharane kI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai / uparyukta jaina mandira ke sAmane kI sIdhI sar3aka raMganAtha svAmI mandira ko jAtI hai| yaha relave sTezana ke pIche eka bahuta bar3A mandira hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra, nAgamaNDala ke zAsaka habbara ne 101 jaina mandiroM ko naSTa karake isakA nirmANa karAyA thaa| jo bhI ho, yaha mandira vizAla kintu sAdhAraNa hai aura ise bhI dekhane ke lie yAtrI Ate
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________________ gommaTagiri | 295 haiN| isameM zayanAvasthA meM viSNu kI mUrti hai| isakA gopura pA~ca maMz2ila U~cA hai| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki isakA nirmANa vijayanagara zAsakoM, alavAra santoM, AcAryoM ne aneka caraNoM meM karAyA thaa| isI prakAra yahA~ ke patalaMkaNa (Pathalankana) maNDapa kA nirmANa haidaraalI ne karAyA thaa| zrIraMgapaTTana 1799 I. meM TIpU sulatAna kI parAjaya ke bAda aMgrez2oM ke adhikAra meM A gyaa| yahA~ TIpU sulatAna kA kilA kAberI nadI ke bIca meM banA haA hai| yahA~ kA dariyA daulata siMha (bAg2a) TIpU sulatAna kA grISma mahala aura ekAdha masz2ida dekhane lAyaka haiN| yadi yAtrI basa sTaiNDa se jaina mandira AtA hai to use kAphI calanA pdd'egaa| qile ke pravezadvAra se hokara Ane para do U~cI mInAreM sAmane dikhAI detI haiM jo ki sunaharI haiN| sabase pahale jAmiyAe TIpU sulatAna nAmaka kaoNleja hai| yAtrI ko pUchate-pUchate jAnA hogaa| isa kAraNa yahA~ rela se yAtAyAta karane meM bhI suvidhA hogii| jaina mandira bhI zrIraMganAtha svAmI mandira se thor3I hI dUrI para hai| gommaTagiri (zravaNaguDDA) karnATaka ke digambara jaina tIrthoM aura smArakoM kI sUcI meM (isa pustaka ke yAtrA-krama ke anusAra) sabase antima nAma hai gommaTagiri kaa| gommaTagiri kA dUsarA nAma zravaNaguDDA bhI hai| zravaNa kA to sIdhA sambandha 'zramaNa' yA jaina sAdhu se hai jabaki 'guDDA' kA artha hai choTI phaadd'ii| isa prakAra zravaNaguDDA kA artha huA jaina sAdhu yA zramaNa kI phaadd'ii.| avasthiti evaM mArga jahA~ taka rela-mArga kA prazna hai, yaha sthAna maisUra-arasIke re-hubalI choTI lAina para sAgarakaTTai nAmaka relave sTezana se lagabhaga chaha kilomITara kI dUrI para hai| kintu relamArga se vahA~ jAne meM kaThinAI ho sakatI hai| gommaTagiri ke lie sabase acchA sAdhana basa hai| yaha giri maisUra se kevala 26 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai / maisUra-hunasura-maDikerI (kurga) mArga para yA saMkSepa meM maisUra se solaha ki. mI. kI dUrI para yelavAla nAmaka sthAna AtA hai| vahA~ se sar3aka gommaTagiri ke lie mur3atI hai aura dasa kilomITara calane para gommaTagiri paha~cA jA sakatA hai| maisUra se calanevAlI baseM maisUra-gommaTagiri aura gommaTagiri kRSNarAjanagara kI hotI haiN| ye baseM gommaTagiri hote hue kucha gA~voM ko bhI jAtI haiN| tIrthakSetra yahA~ kI 18 phuTa U~cI kAle pASANa kI mUrti bhulA dI gaI thii| san 1950 I. meM
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________________ 296 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) dharmAnurAgI zrI sI. bI. ema. candrayyA aura unake sAtha ke anya zrAvaka bandhuoM ne tIrthayAtrA se lauTate hue isa upekSita pratimA ko acAnaka dekhA aura tabhI se ve bhaktibhAva se prerita hokara isa gommaTagiri kI prasiddhi ke lie satata prayatnazIla haiN| dakSiNa bhArata kI suprasiddha aMgrejI patrikA 'hindU' (Hindu) ke 26 sitambara 1976 I. ke aMka meM isakA kucha vivaraNa chApA thaa| usake anusAra isa mUrti kA nirmANa isa pradeza ke jainadharmAnuyAyI caMgAlva rAjAoM ke samaya meM (gyArahavIM zatAbdI) meM huA thA / ye rAjA cAmuNDarAya ke vaMzaja the| unhoMne hI isa mUrti kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| mUrti isa samaya karnATaka sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga ke saMrakSaNa meM eka smAraka hai| vaise purAtattvavidoM kA yaha mata hai ki yaha mUrti kama-se-kama 800 varSa prAcIna avazya hai| isa sthAna ke Asa-pAsa 800 varSa purAne bhavanoM ke avazeSa bhI mile haiN| mati kI nirmANa-zailI ko dekhate hue kucha anya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yaha caudahavIM zatAbdI kI ho sakatI hai| uparyukta pahAr3I ke pAsa hI eka tAlAba hai| usameM eka stambha para zilAlekha hai jo ghisa gayA hai| phira bhI usa para bAhubalI aura brahmadeva kI mUrtiyA~ pahacAnI jA sakatI haiN| yaha bhI anuzruti hai ki kisI samaya yaha sthAna gommaTapura kahalAtA thA aura Asa-pAsa ke loga yahA~ gomaTezvara ke abhiSeka ke lie ekatra hote the| kisI samaya yaha kSetra prasiddha jaina pradeza rahA hogaa| isa anumAna kA AdhAra yaha hai ki Aja bhI Asa-pAsa ke gA~voM ke nAma janadharma se sambandhita haiM; jaise jinnahallI (Jinnahalli), halebIDu (Halebeedu), bilikere (Bilikere), tathA mallinAthapura (Mallinathpur) Adi / kannar3a kavi maMgarasa ne bhI apanI 'nemijineza saMgati' meM bhI isa sthAna kA nAma nirdiSTa kiyA hai| isake atirikta lagabhaga 20 ki. mI. kI dUrI para bassI hoskoTe nAmaka sthAna para kAverI nadI ke kinAre lagabhaga dasa phuTa U~cI eka prAcIna bAhubalI mUrti hai jo ki gAre kI banI huI hai| vaha kisI pahAr3I para nahIM, apitu jamIna para hI pratiSThita hai| vaha acchI hAlata meM nahIM hai| vahA~ acchI sar3aka bhI nahIM jAtI hai, kevala jIpa se pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki isa jainadharmapriya pradeza meM bAhubalI kI mAnyatA bahuta prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai aura usakA kSetra bhI kAphI vyApaka thaa| - gommaTagiri kA nAma sunate hI koI bhayAnaka yA khar3I car3hAI vAlI pahAr3I yAtrI yA paryaTaka ke dhyAna meM A sakatI hai kintu use yaha jAnakara Azcarya hogA ki yaha pahAr3I lagabhaga sau phuTa U~cI hai aura lagabhaga tIsa phuTa hI caur3I hai| na koI jhAr3a jhaMkhAr3a aura na tIkhI DhalAna / kula 80-85 sIr3hiyA~ haiM jo ki navanirmita haiM aura kevala 71 sIr3hiyA~ car3hane ke bAda hI bAhubalI mandira kA pravezadvAra A jAtA hai| AkAzIya bijalI girane se sambhavataH isa choTI-sI sIDhInamA pahADI meM darAra par3a gaI aisA jAna par3atA hai| kisI samaya yahA~ ghanA jaMgala rahA hogaa| cAroM ora kI jamIna patharIlI avazya hai| jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, 71 sIr3hiyA~ car3hane ke bAda pASANa-nirmita pravezadvAra hai| usake siradalapara padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / nIce cArabhujAvAlI yakSa mUrti hai jisake AbhUSaNa sundara haiM aura mukuTa U~cA hai|
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________________ gommaTagiri | 297 pravezamaNDapa ke bAda donoM ora choTe-choTe maNDapa haiN| unake bIca meM sIr3hiyA~ haiM aura phira lagabhaga 15 phuTa caur3A aura 25 phuTa lambA khulA AMgana hai| usake bAda mUrti ke donoM ora maNDapa haiM jo ki kuhanI taka U~ce haiM / mUrti donoM maNDapa ke bIca meM khar3I hai| usake pIche eka zilA bhI hai kintu usase mUrti ko AdhAra nahIM mila rahA hai| pravezamaNDapa aura stambha prAcIna haiM kintu anya sabhI nirmANa-kArya navIna haiN| isa mandira kA vyavasthita rUpa zrI candrayyA aura unake sahayogiyoM ke prayatnoM kA pariNAma hai / mUrti meM mastaka para bhI gAre kA eka AcchAdana jIrNAvasthA me thaa| use purAtattva vibhAga ke parAmarza para haTA diyA gayA hai, anyathA mUrti ko kSati pahu~ca sakatI thI / mUrti ke sAmane azvArohI brahmadeva kI mUrti bhI thI jo aba nahIM hai, kevala azva bacA kAle pASANa se nirmita yaha mUrti 18 phuTa U~cI hai| mUrti kI mukha-mudrA prazAnta kintu kucha hAsya liye hue hai| bAhubalI ke donoM pairoM aura bhujAoM para mAdhavI latA do bAra lipaTI huI dikhAI gaI hai / mastaka para sundara dhuMgharAle (challedAra) bAla aMkita haiN| mUrti kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki bAhubalI ke donoM hAtha soM kI phaNAvalI (pUre caur3e phaNoM) ko chU rahe haiN| ye sarpa bA~biyoM se bhI nikalate hue nahIM dikhAe gae haiM / sarpo ko hAthoM ke nIce dabAne kA artha yaha ho sakatA hai ki bAhubalI ne apanI tapasyA ke samaya jaharIle soM ke rUpa meM aSTakarmoM kA nAza kiyA thaa| sarpakuNDalI hAtha kI a~guliyoM se Takhane taka aMkita kI gaI hai| mUrti para zArIrika gaThana sundara DhaMga se utkIrNa hai| nAbhi se nIce eka gaharA valaya hai| usase nIce eka aura valaya hai jo svAbhAvikatA kA AbhAsa dete haiN| yaha mUrti aura kahIM se banavAkara yahA~ pratiSThita kI gaI jAna par3atI hai| Azcarya yahI hai ki itanI saMkarI aura lagabhaga sIr3hInumA isa pahAr3I para itanI vajanI mUrti kisa prakAra car3hAI gaI hogii| ____mUrti ke donoM ora jo maNDapa haiM, unakA upayoga mastakAbhiSeka ke samaya kiyA jAtA hai| 'mastakAbhiSeka pUjA' nAmaka isa vArSika utsava yA abhiSeka kA Ayojana paryaSaNa-kSamAvaNI ke bAda sitambara mAsa meM eka ghoSita tithi ko kiyA jAtA hai| isameM maisUra tathA AsapAsa ke kAphI saMkhyA meM jaina-ajaina loga bhAga lete haiN| lagabhaga pA~ca-chaha hajAra vyaktiyoM kI upasthiti ho jAtI hai| melA eka prakAra se pikanika kA rUpa bhI dhAraNa kara letA hai| pahAr3I sIr3hiyA~ jahA~ prArambha hotI haiM vahA~ dAhinI ora prAcIna caraNa haiM aura bAyIM ora muni nirmalasAgara jI ke caraNa haiM / ve yahA~ eka dina ke lie Aye the kintu prakRtiramya sthAna ko dekhakara yahA~ lagabhaga eka saptAha rhe| pahAr3I para se Asa-pAsa kA dRzya bar3A hI sundara dikhAI detA hai| sAmane hI kRSNarAjasAgara dikhAI detA hai aura sAgarakaTTe kA relavepula bhii| bar3I zAnta jagaha hai| do-tIna mIla ke ghere meM Asa-pAsa gA~va bhI haiN| lagabhaga pA~ca-chaha kilomITara kI dUrI para bhArata sa 'bhArata ilekTraoNnika udyoga' bana rahA hai| isase isa kSetra kI aura bhI unnati ho jaaegii| ___karnATaka sarakAra ne 'zrI gommaTagiri kSetra ke lie 810 ekar3a bhUmi ArakSita kara dI hai--isa Azaya kA borDa lagA hai|
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________________ 298 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) Thaharane kI vyavasthA yahA~ prazAnta vAtAvaNa meM Thaharane kI bar3I sundara Adhunika vyavasthA hai| eka bar3A sabhAbhavana yA haoNla, ATha kamare, rasoIghara, bhaNDAragRha (sTora) aura eka bar3A bhojanAlaya yahA~ pakke banAe gae haiN| boravela (gahare kie gae kueM) se dasa haz2Ara gailana pAnI kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai jisakA lAbha gA~voM ke loga bhI lete haiM / nala aura bijalI kI sundara vyavasthA hai| isa Adhunika vizrAmagRha kA nirmANa aura bijalI kI vyavasthA 'gommaTagiri sevA samiti' kI ora se 1975I. (mahAvIra nirvANa 2500vA~ varSa) meM cAra lAkha rupayoM kI lAgata se karAyA gayA hai / yahA~ Thaharane meM kevala eka hI kaThinAI hai ki yahA~ koI dUkAna yA AbAdI nahIM hai| isalie apanA bhojanAdi lekara jAne vAle yA vahIM apane sAmAna se banAne vAle yahA~ Thahara sakate haiN| anya yAtriyoM ko vApasI kI basa kA samaya bhI patA kara lenA cAhie, anyathA kaThinAI ho sakatI hai| kucha gatividhiyA~ isa kSetra para nirmita uparyukta vizrAma-dhAma dhIre-dhIre lokapriya hotA calA jA rahA hai| Asa-pAsa ke gAMvoM ke loga bAhubalI ke sammukha vivAha-kArya sampanna karAnA zubha mAnane lage haiN| karnATaka sarakAra bhUmi anusaMdhAna aura saMrakSaNa se sambandhita vidyArthiyoM ke varSa meM cAra zivira yahA~ lagAtI hai| isI prakAra dhyAna, yogAbhyAsa Adi se sambandhita saMsthAe~ bhI yahA~ tInatIna saptAha ke zivira lagAtI haiN| kanoTaka sarakAra ke vana-vibhAga ne yahA~ klipTasa ke par3a lagAkara isa sthAna ko aura bhI AkarSaka banA diyA hai| lokanirmANa vibhAga ne yahA~ pakkI sar3aka banA dI hai aura purAtattva vibhAga ne isa mUrti ko saMrakSita smAraka ghoSita kara diyA hai| kSetra kI vyavasthA ke lie 'zrI gommaTagiri kSetra sevA samiti' hai jisakA patA isa prakAra hai-zrI gommaTagiri kSetra sevA samiti, cAmuNDI basatigRha, candragupta roDa, maisUra--1 vAstava meM, isa kSetra ke lie athaka prayatna karane vAle pramukha vayovRddha zrAvaka haiM zrI sI. bI. ema. candra yyaa| ye hara yAtrI kI hara sambhava sahAyatA karane ke lie tatpara rahate haiM aura unakA eka hI kAma hai--gommaTagiri kSetra kI unnti| uparyukta pate para ve upalabdha rahate haiN| unake Teliphona naM. haiM-cAmuNDI vasatigRha 21 5 36, kAryAlaya 23541 aura nivAsasthAna 21209 / ye hI phona naM. sevA samiti ke samajhane caahie| kSetra kA patA nIce likhe anusAra Shri Gommatgiri Kshetra P.O. Halebcedu Bilikere Hobli, Hunsur Taluk Dist. -Mysore, Karnatak gommaTagiri se yAtrI ko vApasa maisUra lauTa jAnA caahie| noTa gommaTagiri kI yAtrA ke bAda karnATaka ke jaina tIrthoM aura smArakoM kI yAtrA samApta hotI hai| aba Age ke pRSThoM meM maisUra jile ke anya jaina sthaloM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA
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________________ jile ke anya jaina sthala / 299 jaaegaa| karnATaka ke tumakura, kolAra, maDikerI (kurgaM) aura citradurga jiloM ke jaina smAraka yAtrA krama meM zAmila nahIM hai phira bhI unakI saMkSipta jAnakArI dI jA rahI hai / maisUra se hama kerala kI yAtrA prArambha kareMge / cAheM to UTI hokara kerala kI sImA meM praveza kara sakate haiM yA basa dvArA sIdhe hI kerala meM kaoNfI kI pahAr3I para sthita 'ratnatraya vilAsa' ke adbhutadarpaNamandira (Mirror Temple) ko dekhane ke lie sIdhe prasthAna kara sakate haiM / maisUra jile ke anya jaina sthala maisUra jile meM jainadharma kA vyApaka prasAra thA, yaha bAta uparyukta smArakoM ke atirikta nimnalikhita sthAnoM ke paricaya se bhI pramANita hotI hai / batapura (Bastipur ) isa sthAna para ketagauDa, zambhugoDa Adi 'kUDigana hallI' nAmaka gA~va ke nivAsI samasta gauDa samAja ne yahA~ 1393 I. meM eka pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura use sakalacandradeva ko sauMpA thA / bellUra (Bellur ) bellUra meM eka vimalanAtha basadi hai / usameM virAjamAna lagabhaga DhAI phuTa U~cI vimalanAtha kI pratimA para lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha mUrti terahavIM sadI se pahale kI hai / cAmarAjanagara (Chamarajanagar) cAmarAjanagara maisUra se 61 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita tathA maisUra cAmarAjanagara bar3I relave lAina para yaha sthAna hai / hoysalanareza viSNuvardhana ke mahAdaNDanAyaka ( senApati ) puNiza - mayyAne koMgu, nIlagiri aura maleyALa pradezoM ko jItakara hoysala rAjya meM milA diyA thA / usI vijaya kI smRti meM uparyukta senApati ne 1117 I. meM eNNenADa arakotAra ( cAmarAjanagara kA purAnA nAma) meM eka trikUTa mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura usameM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita kI thii| isa senApati ne gaMgavADI ke aneka jaina mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra bhI karAyA thA / vartamAna cAmarAjanagara meM eka jaina mandira aura bhI hai| yahA~ lagabhaga cAlIsa jaina parivAra haiN| hosa hollU (Hos Hollu) ho hollu meM hoysala zAsakoM ke samaya kA eka prAcIna mandira hai kintu aba vaha dhvasta avasthA meM hai / usake navaraMga meM yakSa dharaNendra aura yakSI padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM /
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________________ 300 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthaM (karnATaka) nasoge (Hansoge ) maisUra jile ke kRSNarAjanagara tAluka meM sAligrAma se lagabhaga ATha kilomITara kI dUrI para yaha aitihAsika mahattva kA prAcIna jaina kendra hai| isakI ginatI jainatIrthoM meM hotI thI / batAyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ 64 jinamandira the / ye mandira aba khaNDahara haiM / yaha sthAna gyArahavIM zatAbdI se pahale hI eka prasiddha jaina kendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta ho cukA thA / san 1060 I. ke lagabhaga yahA~ caMgAlva nareza rAjendra cola nanni caMgAlva ne AdinAtha basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| ina zAsakoM ne gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI meM isa pradeza para zAsana kiyA thA / Age calakara isI sthAna para hoysaloM aura coloM meM yuddha huA thA / yahA~ ke jaina guruoM kA karnATaka meM kisI samaya bar3A prabhAva thA / inakI eka zAkhA hanasogebali nAma se prasiddha thI / isa sthAna ke muni lalitakIrti ke upadeza se 1432 I. meM kAra kala nareza pANDyarAya ne gomaTezvara kI 41 phuTa 5 iMca U~cI pratimA kArakala meM pratiSThita karAI thI jo Aja bhI vaMdita - pUjita hai / 1 kucha zilAlekhoM meM yahA~ kA kucha vicitra - sA itihAsa milatA hai / unake anusAra yahA~ kI sadiyoM ke mUla pratiSThApaka mUlasaMgha, dezIgaNa, hottagegaccha ke rAmAsvAmI the, jo ki dazaratha ke putra, lakSmaNa ke bhAI (rAma), sItA ke pati the, jo ki ikSvAku kula meM utpanna hue the / arthAt yahA~ zrI rAmacandrajI ne mandira banavAe the| ho sakatA hai ki lekha likhAne meM upamAlaMkAra kA prayoga kiyA gayA ho yA isI taraha kA koI Azaya rahA ho| isa samaya yahA~ 'trikUTa' nAmaka mandira hai jo ki jIrNAvasthA meM hai / usameM AdinAtha, zAntinAtha evaM neminAtha kI manojJa mUrtiyA~ haiM / kintu aba hanasoge meM eka bhI jainaghara nahIM hai / sAligrAma ke zrAvakoM ne isa mandira ke jIrNoddhAra kA prayatna kiyA thA / hanasoge ke Asa-pAsa ke gA~voM meM bhI prAcIna jaina mandira haiM - (1) AnevALu meM brahmadeva aura padmAvatI mandira (san 1430 I.), ( 2 ) rAvandUru meM sumatinAtha caityAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra (1384 I. meM), ( 3 ) honnenahalli meM gaMdhakuTI kA nirmANa ( 1303 I. meM) aura (4) kalla hallI meM AdinAtha mUrti kI pratiSThApanA tathA ( 5 ) dasavIM zatAbdI meM bhuvanahallI meM jinamUrti kI pratiSThApanA / ecigana hallI (Achigan Halli) maisUra se lagabhaga 30 ki. mI. kI dUrI para yaha sthAna hai / yahA~ gA~va ke nikaTa kapilA nadI bahatI hai / usake Upara atyanta sundara neminAtha mandira hai / vahA~ brahmadeva kI atizayapUrNa mUrti hai / apanI manokAmanA pUrNa karane ke lie aneka bhakta yahA~ manautiyA~ manAte haiM / yahA~ terahavIM sadI meM nirmita muni meghacandradeva kI eka samAdhi bhI hai / 1 mayUra (Maleyuru) cAmarAjanagara tAluka kA yaha sthAna kisI samaya jainadharma kA eka sudRr3ha gar3ha (maTha) thA / yahA~ kI kanakagiri para aneka jaina basadiyA~ thIM, yaha bAta yahA~ ke 14vIM zatAbdI se lekara 19vIM sadI taka ke lekhoM se vidita hotI hai / san 1181 I. meM yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi ke lie
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________________ maisUra jile ke anya jaina sthala / 301 kinnarIpura nAmaka gA~va dAna meM diyA gayA thaa| isase nityapUjA, muniyoM ko ahAradAna aura zAstra-dAna kiyA jAtA thaa| melakoTe (Melkote) yaha sthAna maisUra se 54 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ eka guphA-mandira hai (dekha citra kra. 111) / guphA zilA ke nicale bhAga meM hai| sAmane hI tIna bar3e-moTe stambha haiM jo sambhavataH guphA ke Upara kI zilA ko AdhAra pradAna karate haiN| Hifaura (Saligram) maisUra se yaha sthAna lagabhaga 90 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai / yahA~ bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hoysala zAsakoM ke yuga meM nirmita 'anantanAtha mandira' hai| grAma-nivAsI ise 'koTe basadi' kahate haiN| malasaMgha balAtkAra gaNa ke mAghanandi siddhAntacakravartI ke ziSya zambhudeva kI patnI bommabbA ne 'anantanemi udyApanA' nAmaka vrata ke samaya yahA~ anantanAtha kI mUrti sthApita kI thii| isI sthAna para eka aura anantanAtha mandira hai| grAmavAsI ise prAcIna mandira se bhinna dikhAne ke lie ise hosa basadi (nayA mandira) kahate haiM / isa naye mandira kA nirmANa san 1878 I. meM huA thaa| isI gA~va meM tIna aura jinamandira haiM / ye pA~coM hI mandira bhavya evaM darzanIya haiM / dIpAvalI ke samaya yahA~ prativarSa tIrthaMkara puSpadanta kA paMcakalyANaka manAyA jAtA hai| isa utsava meM AsapAsa ke loga bhI sammilita hote haiM / saragUru (sarguru) maisUra se lagabhaga 100 ki. mI. kI dUrI para sthita isa gA~va kI dakSiNa dizA meM paMcabasadi nAmaka mandira hai| usake zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki san 1424 I. meM vijayanagara meM jaba bukkarAya kA zAsana thA taba usake mahAmantrI 'arhannapAdapadmArAdhaka' baicayyA daNDanAtha ke adhIna hoysala rAjyAdhipati nAgaNNA rahatA thaa| usake adhIna bayinADu mayanehallI grAma kA nivAsI kempaNNA gauDa thaa| ye paNDitadeva ke ziSya the| svarga-sukha kI prApti ke lie inhoMne zravaNabelagola ke gomaTezvara ko 'aMgaraMga bhoga saMrakSaNArtha' bayinADu ke bAga-bagIce evaM bhUmidAna kara usa gA~va kA nAma 'gomaTapura' rakhA thA kintu Aja isa mandira meM koI mUrti nahIM hai| . uparyukta gA~va meM lagabhaga 75 varSa prAcIna 'anantanAtha svAmI caityAlaya' hai| grAmINa janatA isakI acchI taraha dekha-bhAla karatI hai| ..... yahA~ jainoM ke lagabhaga 35 ghara haiN|
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________________ 302 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) tumakUra jile ke jaina sthala baMgalora se uttara kI ora sthita isa jile meM bhI jainadharma kA vyApaka prasAra rahA hai| kucha sthAnoM kA paricaya prastuta hai| gubbi (Gubbi) yaha sthAna tumakUru se lagabhaga 20 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ eka sundara jinAlaya hai| usake sAmane kA mAnastambha darzanIya hai| isa sthAna para brahmadeva kI eka pratimA atizayapUrNa va prAcIna hai / san 1970 I. meM yahA~ bAhubalI kI amRtazilA kI eka bhavya mUrti pratiSThApita kI gaI hai| haTTaNa (Hattan) tipaTUru tAluka ke isa sthAna ko basadi kI candra zAlA meM yahA~ eka pASANa para 1078 I. kA eka zilAlekha hai| usake anusAra hoysalanareza vIra ballAla (yaha zAsanakAla vinayAditya kA hai) ke zAsana kAla meM usake mantro mariyAne daNDanAyaka ne 'naravara jinAlaya' kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura kucha anya seTTiyoM ne bhI dAna diyA thaa| isa basadi kA hAla hI meM jorNoddhAra hokara paMcakalyANaka huA hai| kuccaMgi yaha tumakUra jile meM sthita hai| yahA~ 1180 I. meM bammizeTTi ke putra kesari seTTi ne pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| san 1970 I. meM tumakUru ke jaina bandhuoM ne isakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA hai| madhugiri (Madhugiri) yaha bhI tumakUra jile meM hai| yahA~ tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kA eka mandira hai| isa sthAna ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki san 1531 I. meM govidAnamayyA kI patnI jayammA ne mallinAtha tIrthaMkara kI pUjA ke lie bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| mandaragiri (Mandargiri) ___ tumakUra se yaha lagabhaga 12 ki. mI. kI dUrI para hai| tumakUra-beMgalUru rela-mArga para hirehallI relave sTezana se lagabhaga 2 ki. mI. hai| isa sthAna ko 'basadi beTTa' (jaina mandiroM kI pahAr3I) bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakI prasiddhi eka kSetra ke rUpa meM bhI hai| pahAr3I para supArzvanAtha, candraprabha aura pArzvanAtha ke cAra mandira haiM / inameM candranAtha kA mandira prAcIna evaM kalAmaya hai| mandiroM ke cAroM ora prAkAra hai / isa parakoTe ke pIche eka gaharA tAlAba hai jisase tumakUru ko pAnI bhejA jAtA hai| parvata para jAne ke lie sIr3hiyA~ haiN| usa para jAte samaya sabase pahale
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________________ kolAra jilA / 303 dAyeM bhAga meM brahmadeva kA sthAna hai| isa pahAr3a ko dakSiNa kI tarapha se dekhane para vaha eka hAthI jaisA lagatA hai| giri ke cAroM ora kA prAkRtika dRzya suhAvanA hai| yahA~ ke zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki uparyukta jinAlayoM kA nirmANa bArahavIM sadI meM huA thaa| usa samaya yaha sthAna hoysalanareza ballAla narasiMharAja ke senApati yatiyaMga ke adhIna thaa| prAcIna samaya meM yaha puNyakSetra mAnA jAtA thaa| lagabhaga 60-70 varSa pUrva jaba muni pAyasAgara yahA~ padhAre, taba unhoMne tumakUru ke jaina bandhuoM ko ina mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra kI preraNA dii| aisA hI kiyA gayA aura nitya pUjA kI vyavasthA bhI kI gaI / tumakUru ke jainabandhu prativarSa candraprabha kA janmAbhiSeka bar3e utsAha aura ullAsa ke sAtha yahA~ sampanna karate haiN| faeza (Nitturu) tumakUra z2ile ke isa sthAna para bArahavIM sadI ke madhya meM nirmita eka zAntIzvara basadi hai| usameM aba mUlamUrti nahIM hai kintu anya mUrti sthApita kara dI gaI hai / isa basadi kI chata meM aSTa dikpAla koSThoM meM utkIrNa haiN| bAhara kI bhIta para padmAsana evaM khaDgAsana adhUrI (adhikAMza) mUrtiyA~ haiN| kucha devakoSTha bhI haiN| .. isa sthAna para candraprabha kI yakSiNI jvAlAmAlinI pratiSThita hai| pratyeka bRhaspativAra ko yahA~ jvAlAmAlinI kI vizeSa pUjana hotI hai| usameM dUra-dUra se Akara loga sammilita hote haiM / gubbI aura adalagire gA~va ke nivAsI isa kSetra kI abhivRddhi meM ruci lete haiN| heggere (Heggere) yahA~ kI pArzvanAtha basadi kAle pASANa se nirmita hai| isa basadi kA nirmANa 1160 I. ke lagabhaga huA thA aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| hoysala kalA se sajjita yaha eka sundara mandira hai| usake maNDapa aura navaraMga abhI surakSita haiN| navaraMga cAra stambhoM para AdhArita hai tathA zukanAsA se yukta hai| bAhara kI dIvAloM para puSpavallarI kI sundara paTTiyA~ banAI gaI haiN| kolAra jilA tamilanADu kI sImA ko chUtA, baMgalora se pUrva kI ora sthita yaha z2ilA Ajakala apanI svarNa khadAnoM ke lie prasiddha hai| isakA prAcIna nAma kuvalAlapura hai / isa kSetra ke jainasthaloM kA vidhivat sarvekSaNa nahIM huA hai| arakerI gA~va ke basavaNNa mandira meM eka patthara para prAcIna kannar3a meM 940 I. kA eka kucha-kucha spaSTa zilAlekha hai jisameM kuvalAlapuravezvara permAnaDi kA ullekha hai| usameM kopaNakSetra kA nirdeza karate hue zApAtmaka zloka haiM aura bhogapati (zAsanAdhikArI) gA~va dAna kI surakSA kare aisI prArthanA kI gaI hai| isase isa jile meM jainadharmAnuyAyI padAdhikAriyoM dvArA dAna Adi kA patA calatA hai|
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________________ 304 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) jaina sAhitya meM vyApaka rUpa se pracalita 'jIvaMdhara carita' meM hemAMgada deza ke rAjA jIvaMdhara dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM jAne aura dIkSita hone kI kathA prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI | kucha vidvAna hemAMgada deza kI sthiti karnATaka meM mAnate haiN| vaise hemAMgada kA zAbdika artha 'sone kA bAjUbaMda' hotA hai| kauna jAnatA hai ki svarNa se sampanna isI pradeza ko mAMgada sambodhita kiyA jAtA rahA ho ! citradurga jile ke jaina sthala Andhrapradeza kI sImA se lage isa jile meM bhI jainadharma acchI sthita meM thA / jo kucha sImita jAnakArI zilAlekhoM Adi se milatI hai, usase isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai / bAle hallI cAlukyasamrATa dvitIya jagadekamalla ke zAsanakAla meM 1145 I. meM bammizeTTi ne yahA~ para pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa karAke usake saMrakSaNa hetu kuMdakuMdAnvaya dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha ke maladhArideva ko kucha dAna diyA thA / betaru vartamAna samaya ke prasiddha nagara dAvaNagere se tIna kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita isa sthAna para siddhezvara mandira ke pArzvabhAga se prApta zilAlekha ke anusAra rAmadeva bhUpAla ke pAdapadmopajIva tathA padmasena muni ke ziSya kUcirAja ne apanI patnI lakSmIdevI kA svargavAsa hone para yahA~ 'lakSmI jinAlaya' kA nirmANa 1271 I. meM karAyA thA aura usameM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti pratiSThApita thii| isa avasara para aneka bhaktoM ne pAna-supArI ke bagIce bhI dAna meM die the| yaha jinAlaya mUlasaMgha senagaNa pogalagaccha muni kI dekha-rekha meM thA / hollake re yahA~ ke seTTara nAgappa se eka tAmrapatra 1154 I. ko prApta huA thA / usameM ullekha hai ki yahA~ para usa samaya kA zAntinAtha kA eka dhvasta mandira thA / lekha meM yaha sUcanA bhI hai ki pArizvasena bhaTTAraka svAmI ne isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thaa| isake lie jo dAna ruka gayA thA usake lie yahA~ ke sAmaMta pratApa nAyaka ko prArthanApatra bheMTa sahita diyA gayA thA / usa samaya bhaTTArakajI ne hiriyakere ke pIche kI jamIna, logoM se prApta bheMTa sabhI karoM se mukta karavA ke deva pUjA aura guruoM ke AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie dAna meM dIM thIM / uparyukta tAmrapatra se kucha vidhiyoM aura utsavoM kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai / jIrNoddhAra ke samaya ke vidhAna- vAstuvidhi, nAndI maMgala, dhvajArohaNa, bherI-tADana, aMkurArpaNa, bRhat
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________________ maDikeri z2ilA / 305 zAntimantranyAsa, aMganyAsa, kevalajJAna mahAhoma, mahAsnapanAbhiSeka, agrodaka prabhAvanA, aura kalaza prbhaavnaa| dAna kA upayoga ina utsavoM meM kiyA jAe-prativarSa akSaya tRtIyA se hone vAle mahotsava , aSTAhnikA parva, zrAvaNa pUrNimA utsava, bhAdrapada zukla caturthI ko ananta kalaza prabhAvanA aura mahA aaraadhnaa| kArtika mAsa meM kRttikotsava aura mAghabahula caturdazI ko jinraatrimhotsv| maDikeri jilA maisUra se pazcima kI ora sthita isa jile kI sImA kerala ke kaNNUra (Cannanore) pradeza ko chUtI hai| maDikeri nayA nAma hai / vaise yaha prakRtiramya, harA-bharA pradeza kurga (Coorg) kSetra yA kurga riyAsata ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA thaa| koDagu bhI maDikeri kA nAma hai| koDagu yA kurga prasiddha prAcIna bhUgolazAstrI zrI nandalAla De ke anusAra koDagu yA kurga kA prAcIna nAma kolagiri thaa| kannar3a, tamila aura telugu meM 'kolli (Kolli)', yA 'kollai (Kollai) kA artha vana-pradeza, ghATI yA zuSka bhUmi hotA hai| cUMki yaha vana-pradeza sundara ghATiyoM se yukta hai yaha dekhate hue yaha nAma sambhava ho sakatA hai| kurga meM prApta 888 I. ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ sarvanandi nAmaka eka jainAcArya the| markarA avinIta (koMgaNi dvitIya) kA markarA tAmrapatra bahuta prasiddha hai| yaha prAcIna tAmrapatra saMskRta aura kannar3a meM hai| yaha markarA ke khajAne se prApta huA thaa| isameM cera rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI dI gaI hai| usake anusAra avinIta mahArAjAdhirAja kadambakulasUrya kRSNavarma kI priya bahana ke putra the| inhIM se dezIyagaNa koNDakunda-anvaya ke candaNandi bhaTTAraka ko talavana nagara ke zrIvijaya jinAlaya ke lie badaNemuppe nAma kA gA~va prApta kara akAlavarSa pRthvIvallabha ke mantrI ne bheMTa kiyA thaa| mullUru ___ koDagu jile ke isa sthAna kI prasiddhi pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka eka prasiddha jaina kendra ke rUpa meM thii| kisI samaya isa sthala meM koMgAlvavaMza ke rAjA rAjya karate the| yahA~ zAntIzvara basadi, pArzvanAtha basadi aura candranAtha basadi nAmaka tIna jinamandira the| yahA~ kannar3a meM lagabhaga 1050 I. kA eka zilAlekha pArzvanAtha basadi ke prAMgaNa meM eka
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________________ 306 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) pASANa para hai jisake anusAra nAgakue ko guNasena paNDitadeva ne nakara yAnI vyApArI saMgha ke dharma ke rUpa meM khudvaayaa| isI prakAra 1058 I. ke pArzva basadi ke tIna aura lekhoM meM ullekha hai ki (1) dravir3a-gaNa, nandisaMgha, tathA iruMgalAnvaya ke guNasena paNDita kI gRhastha ziSyA rAjAdhirAja koMgAlva kI mAtA pocabbarasi ne pArzvanAtha basadi bnvaaii| (2) rAjendra koMgAlva ne apane pitA dvArA nirmita basadi ke lie tIna gA~va dAna die aura isI rAjA kI mAtA ne apane guru guNasena paNDita kI pratimA banavAkara jaladhArApUrvaka samarpita kii| (3) guNasena paNDita ko rahane ke lie rAjendra koMgAlva ne diyaa| isI prakAra candra basadi meM eka lekha koMgAlva suguNidevI dvArA pratimA sthApita karane aura gA~va dAna dene kA ullekha hai| inhIM mandiroM ke bIca ke mandira meM eka zilA par3I hai jisake UparI bhAga para mahAvIra svAmI kI mUrti utkIrNa hai| uparyukta jile kA bhI jaina dRSTi se sampUrNa sarvekSaNa nahIM huA hai tadapi vahA~ bhI jainadharma kI vyApti ke sAkSya to upalabdha haiM hii|
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________________ pariziSTa citra-sUcI 1. bIdara - pArzvanAtha basadi : caubIsI meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha; lagabhaga dasavIM zatI / 2. kamaThAna - pArzvanAtha vasadi : ardha padmAsana mudrA meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 3. basava kalyANa - saMgrahAlaya : eka tIrthaMkara mUrti kA mastaka; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 4. basavakalyANa - saMgrahAlaya : nAga-yugala, gyArahavIM zatI / 5. gulabargA - saMgrahAlaya : jaTAdhArI pArzvanAtha; lagabhaga dasavIM zatI / 6. malakheDa - neminAtha basadi : mandira kI laghu AkRti, kAMsya nirmita; gyArahavIM zatI / 7. jevargI - zAntinAtha basadi : yakSI padmAvatI kI kAMsya mUrti lagabhaga caudahavIM zatI / 8. bIjApura - sahasraphaNa pArzvanAtha basadi : pArzvanAtha kI prasiddha mUrti; lagabhaga caudahavIM zatI / 9. bIjApura - purAtattva saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, phaNAvalI ke kAraNa ullekhanIya; abhilikhita, saM0 1232 10. stavanidhi - paMcakUTa basadi : navakhaNDa pArzvanAtha; lagabhaga dasavIM zatI / 11. belagA~va -- kamala basadi : bAhyadRzya; lagabhaga dasavIM zatI / 12. belagA~va---kamala basadi : navagraha tIrthaMkara kA pASANapaTTa; aThArahavIM zatI / 13. rAyabAga - AdinAtha basadi : tIrthaMkara AdinAtha; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 14. aihola - meguTI basadi paridRzya, chaThI zatI / 15. aihola - jaina guphA : AdhAra ke lie nirmita do- talle kA sammukha bhAga; nauMvIM zatI / 16. ehola - mIna basadi (guphA) : bhagavAna bAhuvalI; nauvIM zatI / 17. ehola - ziva mandira : AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kI yakSI jvAlAmAlinI; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 18. paTTadakala - jaina basadi : dakSiNa-pazcima se bAhya dRzya / 19. bAdAmI - jaina guphA : bAhya dRzya, guphA kA sammukha bhAga; nauvIM zatI / 20. bAdAmI - jaina guphA : zailotkIrNa bAhubalI; nauvIM zatI / 21. lakkuNDi - brahma jinAlaya : uttara-pUrva se bAhya dRzya; dasavIM zatI / 22. lakkuNDi - kannar3a zodha saMsthAna, dhAravAr3a ke saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita tIrthaMkara AdinAtha; bArahavIM zatI / 23. koppala - pArzvanAtha basadi : siddhezvara maTha ke pAsa kI guphA kA bAharI dRzya / 24. hampI - hemakUTam : mandiroM kI paMkti; pandrahavIM zatI ke AsapAsa / 25. cippagiri - jaina basadi : parvata para sthita basadi kA bAhya dRzya / 26. bAgalI - sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya meM tIrthaMkara tathA anya mUrtiyA~; bArahavIM zatI ke Asa-pAsa / 27. harapanahallI - hosa basadi : nAga pratIka; lagabhaga terahavIM zatI / 28. harapanahallI - hosa basadi : bhagavAna bAhubalI; lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI / 29. ujjainI - zaivoM dvArA adhikRta jaina basadi : chata kA dazya; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 30. hubalI - anantanAtha basadi : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, dasavIM zatI /
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________________ 308 / bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) 31. hubalI- - anantanAtha basadi : eka jaina yakSI, sthAnIya nAma kAlAmbA ( ? ); solahavIM zatI / 32. dhAravAr3a--kannar3a zodha saMsthAna meM pradarzita tIrthaMkara mUrti kA mastaka / 33. dhAravAr3a - kannar3a zodha saMsthAna meM pradarzita brahmadeva / 34. lakSmezvara - zaMkha-jinAlaya : sahasrakUTa jinAlaya kI laghu AkRti; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 35. lakSmezvara-zaMkha jinAlaya kA pUrva kI ora se bAhya dRzya; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 36. koTumacagI - pArzvanAtha basadi, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha; gyArahavIM zatI / 37. naregala - nArAyaNa mandira nAmaka jaina basadi kA bAhya dRzya; lagabhaga dasavIM zatI / 38. navalaguMDa - AdinAtha basadi : aSTama tIrthaMkara candraprabha / 39. kalasApura - jaina basadi ke khaNDahara : kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara mUrti / 40. budarasiMgI - eka bhavya caubIsI kA parikara; gyArahavIM zatI / 41. DaMbala (ji. dhAravAr3a ) - pArzvanAtha basadi kA bAhya dRzya; satrahavIM zatI / 42. guDigerI (ji. dhAravAr3a ) - mahAvIra basadi meM eka tIrthaMkara mUrti, dasavIM zatI / 43. AraTvAla (ji. dhAravAr3a ) - pArzvanAtha basadi meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara mUrti; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 44. guttala (ji. dhAravAr3a ) - - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti lagabhaga dasavIM zatI / 45. haverI (ji. dhAravAr3a ) - mudu - mANikya basadi meM pArzvanAtha kI parikara sahita AsIna mUrti; lagabhaga dasavIM zatI / 46. amminabAvi (ji. dhAravAr3a ) - pArzvanAtha basadi meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha / ati sundara caubIsI; lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 47. gerusoppA (ji. uttara kanArA) - caturmukha basadi meM sarvatobhadra pratimA / 48. gerusoppA (ji. uttara kanArA ) - jvAlAmAlinI basadi meM yakSI jvAlAmAlinI kI kAMsya mUrti lagabhaga caudahavIM zatI / 49. gerusoppA (ji. uttarA kanArA ) - jvAlAmAlinI basadi meM eka bhavya caubIsI; lagabhaga terahavIM zatI / 50. hADuballI (ji. uttara kanArA) - caubIsI basadi meM trikAla - caubIsI kI kAMsya mUrti; lagabhaga pandrahavIM zatI / 51. bIlagi (ji. uttara kanArA ) - ratnatraya basadi kA bAhya dRzya / yaha besara zailI ke mandira kA udAharaNa hai / 52. guNDabala (ji. uttara kanArA) - ratnatraya basadi meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI ardhapadmAsana mUrti / lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI / 53. guNDabala (ji. uttara kanArA) - sUrastha basadi meM kAyotsarga Asana meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ; 54. manakI (ji. uttara kanArA) - zAntinAtha basadi ke samIpa sthita sAta phITa U~ce stambha para rAmakathA ke dRzyoM kA aMkana; lagabhaga pandrahavIM zatI / 55- humacA (ji. zimogA ) - pArzvanAtha basadi kA sAmane kA dRzya / isake pIche zailotkIrNa zilpa sAtavIM zatI kA hai /
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________________ pariziSTa : citra-sUcI / 309 56. humacA (ji. zimogA)-padmAvatI basadi : garbhagRha meM yakSI padmAvatI kI prasiddha mUrti / 57. humacA (ji. zimogA)-bogAra basadi meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI parikara sahita AsIna mUrti; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii| 58. bakoDa (ji. zimogA)-halemane basadi meM tIna khaNDAgasana tIrthaMkaroM kI kAMsya-mUrtiyA~ ; lagabhaga gyArahavIM shtii| 59. bandalike (ji. zimogA)-somezvara (zAntinAtha ?) basadi kA khaNDahara, mukhamaNDapa kA dakSiNa-pUrva kI ora se dRzya / 60. cikkamAguDI (ji. zimogA)-basavaNNA basadi kA sAmane kA dRzya / vizAla zilAlekha darzanIya ; lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI / 61. udri (ji. zimogA)-udri basadi kA bAhya dRzya / zikhara kI viziSTa zailI darzanIya; ___ lagabhaga bArahavIM shtii| 61 A. udri (ji. zimogA)-udri basadi ; kamala ke AkAra meM utkINita cht| 62. narasiMharAjapura (ji. cikkamaMgalUra)-jvAlAmAlinI basadi meM yakSI jvAlAmAlinI kI puSpa-mAlAoM se alaMkRta muurti| 63. kundAdri-pArzvanAtha basadi : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI eka bar3I tathA eka choTI muurti| 64. varaMga-kere basadi : jalAzaya meM sthita mandira kA dRzya / 65. varaMga-kere basadi : tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti / aSTa prAtihAryoM kA aMkana ativishess|| . .. varaMga-neminAtha basadi kA pUrva kI ora kA dRzya / 67. kArakala-caturmukha basadi : dakSiNa-pazcima se bAhya dRzya / 68. kArakala-gommaTezvara basadi : gommaTezvara kI vizAla mUrti / 69. kArakala-gommaTezvara basadi : gommaTezvara ke sammukha brahmadeva-stambha / 70. mUDabidrI-tribhuvanatilakacUDAmaNi mandira kA bAhya dRzya / 71. mUDabidrI-candranAtha basadi : bhairodevI maNDapa ke stambha / 72. mUDabidrI-guru basadi : mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha / 73. mUDavidrI-siddhAnta basa di : prAcIna tADapatrIya paannddulipiyaaN| 74. mUDabidrI-ammanavAra basadi : caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI paMktibaddha mUrtiyA~ / 75. mUDabidrI-cauTara mahala : kASTa-stambha para utkIrNa nava-nArI kuNjr| 76. mUDabidrI-gAMva ke bAhara samAdhiyoM kI katAra 77. veNUra-bAhubalI basadi : bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrti / 78. veNUra-zAntezvara basadi : vizAla zilAphalaka para aMkita kannar3a abhilekha / 79. veNUra-zAntezvara basadi (kallu basadi): mAnastambha / 80. maMgalora-zrI mantIbAI smAraka saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu-mati / 81. maMgalora-zrImantIbAI smAraka saMgrahAlaya : pArzvanAtha kI dhAtumUrti kA pRsstthbhaag| 82. dharmasthala-bhagavAna bAhubalI kI navasthApita 39 phITa uttuMga muurti|
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________________ 310 | bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (karnATaka) 83. dharmasthala--dharmAdhikArI ke nivAsa-sthAna ke mandira meM mUlanAyaka tIrthakara AdinAtha tathA anya muurtiyaaN| 84. guruvAyanakere-zAntezvara basadi kA dakSiNa-pUrva se bAhya dRshy| 85. guruvAyanakere-anantanAtha basadi : tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kI dhAtumUrti / 86. guruvAyanakere-zAntezvara basadi ke sAmane paMcakaMbam arthAt pA~ca stambhoM vAlA maNDapa / 87. nellikaru--pArzvanAtha basadi : kAyotsarga Asana meM eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti; caudahavIM shtii| 80. halebiDa-zAntezvara basadi : navaraMga kA eka dazya / 89. halebiDa-hoyasalezvara basadi ke sAmane kA dRzya / 90. halebiDa-hoyasalezvara basadi ke kalApUrNa stmbh| 91. zravaNabelagola-kalyANI sarovara / Upara kI ora cndrgiri| 92. zravaNabelagola-vindhyagiri yA doddddbetttt| 93. zravaNabelagola-vindhyagiri : tyAgada brahmadeva-pA~ca stambhoM vAlA prasiddha maNDapa / 94. zravaNabelagola-vindhyagiri para gomaTezvara mandira ke sAmane sthApita gullikAyajjI kI mati 95. zravaNabelagola-gomaTezvara bhagavAna baahublii| 96. zravaNabelagola-candragiri para bharata cakravartI kI vizAla mUrti kA pRSThabhAga / 97. zravaNabelagola-cAmuNDarAya basadi kA bAhya dRzya / 98. zravaNabelagola--candragupta basadi : jAlI para utkIrNa bhadrabAhu-candragupta kthaa| 99. zravaNabelagola-pArzvanAtha basadi kA bAhya dRzya / 100. zravaNabelagola-candragiri : pArzvanAtha basadi ke samakSa shilaalekh| 101. zravaNabelagola-candragiri para bhadrabAhu guphA meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ke caraNa-yugala / 102. zravaNabelagola-jinanAthapura meM zAntinAtha basadi kI eka bAhya bhitti kA kalApUrNa dRshy| 103. zravaNabelagola-akkana-basadi kA bAhyadazya / 104. zravaNabelagola-kSetra para sthita bhaNDArI basadi ke sAmane kA dRzya / 105. zravaNavelagola-jaina maTha kA sammukha dRzya / 106. zravaNabelagola-jaina maTha : bhitticitroM meM nAgakumAracarita tathA anya dRzya / 107. kambadahallI-zAntinAtha basadi : dvArapAla / 108. kambadahallI-paMcakUTa basadi kA bAhya dRzya / / 109. hAsana-cikka basadi : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI khaDgAsana mUrti / 110. markalI-paMcakTa basadi : cakrezvarI ykssii| 111. melakoTa-nAyanAra guphA mandira ke sAmane kA dRzya /
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________________ bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI kI ora se prakAzita sacitra grantha bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha bhArata ke samasta digambara jaina tIrthoM kA pahalI bAra prAmANika paricaya -- unakI paurANika, aitihAsika, sAMskRtika tathA kalA evaM purAtAttvika pRSThabhUmi meM / tIrthakSetroM ke mandira, mUrtiyoM, mAnastambhoM, mahattvapUrNa zilAlekhoM tathA purAtattva evaM kalA khaNDoM ke bhavya citroM se alNkRt| sAtha hI, yAtrA mArga darzAne vAle aneka mAnacitroM se susajjita / * bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga-1 (uttarapradeza tathA dillI evaM podanapura - takSazilA sahita ) * bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga-2 ( bihAra, baMgAla aura ur3IsA ) * bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga-3 (madhyapradeza) 30.00 * bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga-5 (karnATaka) 30.00 30.00 * bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga-4 ( rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura mahArASTra) 30.00 60.00
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