Nyayaratna Sar

Author(s): Ghasilal Maharaj
Publisher: Ghasilalji Maharaj Sahitya Prakashan Samiti Indore
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090312/1

Page #1
Agama-vyAkaraNa-nyAya-jyotiSa Adi vividha viSaya marmajJa jainAcArya zrI ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja praNIta nyAyaratna sAra ( nyAyarala ladhu TIkA tathA nyAya ratnAvalI bRhaTTIkA ) saMpreraka dhyAnayogI tapasvI vAmadeza kezarI paMDitaratna sva0 munizrI kanhaiyAlAla jI mahArAja prakAzaka AcArya zrI dhAsIlAla jI mahArAja sAhitya prakAzana samiti indaura

Page #2
prakAzakakebola sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa to hai hI, gaurava bhI hai| jisa samAja kA sAhitya jIvanta hai, vaha amara hai| mahAkAla ke R ra prahAra bhI usake amara yaza evaM saMskAroM ko miTA nahIM skte| sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA ke prajJApuraSa sva. AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja isa zatAbdI ke mahAn sAhityasraSTA santa the| unake viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki ve jaina paramparA ke dvitIya hemacandra the / dhutopAsanA aura zruta-sarjanA hI unake jIvana kA anyatama uddezya thaa| unake dvArA racita sAhitya kI sUcI (jIvana paricaya meM) dekhakara pAThaka anubhava kara sakate haiM, unhoMne zruta-sarjanA meM kisa prakAra apanA jIvana samarpita kara samUcI mAnava-jAti ke liye jJAna kA amara dIpaka prajvalita rkhaa| AcAryazrI dvArA sampAdita/saMzodhita Agama tathA katipaya anya grantha to prakAza meM A cuke haiM, kintu abhI bhI unakA adhikAMza sAhitya prakAzana kI pratIkSA meM hai| Azcarya hai ki eka mahApuruSa ne hamAre lie itanI viela jJAna-rAzi ekatra kI aura hama usakI surakSA bhI nahIM kara sakate ! kyA eka vyakti ke isa mahAna zrama ko hama hajAroM vyakti mila kara bhI ujAgara nahIM kara sakate ? khAnadeza kezarI paM0 ratna, tapasvI, dhyAnayogI sva0 muni zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI mahArAja parama upakArI gurudeva zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja kI puNya smRti meM jaba kabhI bhAva-vibhora hokara unake viSaya meM prakAza DAlate the to hamAre mana kI khir3akiyAM khula jAtI thIM aura socane lagate the ki jisa atIva zrama aura samarpaNa bhAva se jinhoMne itanA vizAla sAhitya sRjana kiyA, vaha Aja kitanI aura kaisI dayanIya sthiti meM hai ? be bahumUlya pANDulipiyAM yA so kapAToM meM manda par3I haiM yA una para dhUla, miTTI jama rahI hai aura khatarA hai vi kahIM yaha durlabha vipula-jJAna rAzi sAhitya taskarI ke rAste videzoM ko na calI jAya ? una videzoM ko, jahA~ hamArI durlabha sAMskRtika jJAna-sampadA miTTI ke bhAva kharIdakara usameM se sonA paidA kiyA jAtA hai| hama jAnate haiM ki bhArata kI durlabha sAhitya sAmagrI vipula parimANa meM videzoM meM bikI hai aura usase khUba lAbha uThAyA gayA hai | guradeva praNIta isa sAhitya-sampadA para bhI kahIM kisI kI kudRSTi na par3e ataH hameM isa viSaya meM pahale se hI sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| - kucha varSa pUrva tapasvIrAja zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI mahArAja jaba indaura padhAre aura unhoMne hamAre sammukha jaba isa sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa kI carcA kI to hama saba gadgad ho utthe| tatkSaNa dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA gayA ki sAhitya kI isa mUlyavAna nidhi kA yathocita sampAdana prakAzana karavAkara jana-jana ke kalyANa ke lie ise zIghra hI upalabdha karavAyA jAya / gurudeva zrI kI preraNA tathA mArga-darzana meM eka samiti

Page #3
kA gaThana kiyA gayA aura sAhitya prakAzana kA kArya sucAru rUpa se saMcAlita karane kA dAyitva zrI phakIracandajI mehatA ko sauMpA gayA / isa kArya meM gurudevadhI kI preraNA se samAja ke aneka gaNamAnya sajjanoM ne udAratApUrvaka sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai aura hameMzA hai viSya meM bhI sahayoga karate rheNge| hama prayAsa kareMge ki AcAryazrI kI mahatvapUrNa kRtiyoM kA prakAzana yathAzIghra ho / aba taka tIna viziSTa granthoM kA prakAzana ho cukA hai (1) prAkRta cintAmaNi (prAkRta vyAkaraNa : prathamA parIkSopayogI) (2) prAkRta kaumudI (prAkRta bhASA kA sampUrNa vyAkaraNa paMcAdhyAyI) (3) zrI nAnArthodaya sAgara koza (viziSTa zabda koza) ina tInoM granthoM kA mudraNa-prakAzana kArya samAja ke suparicita vidvAna sAhityasevI zrIcandajI surAnA sarasa (AgarA) ke nirIkSaNa meM sampanna huA hai| vidvajjagana meM inakA yatheSTa samAdara huA hai aura gurudeva ke anyAnya granthoM ke prakAzana ke lie bhI hameM protsAhana milA hai| isI bIca durbhAgya se tapasvI gurudeva zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI mahArAja kA Akasmika svargavAsa ho gayA / eka jIvaMta tapomUrti hamAre bIca se calI gaI / unake sAnnidhya meM hI yadi hamArI prakAzana yojanA sampanna ho jAtI to gurudeva ko vizeSa santoSa hotA, aura hameM bhI atyadhika prasannatA anubhava hotI, kintu honahArayaza, aisA nahIM ho skaa| astu aba pUjya AcAryazrI jI kA 'nyAyaratnasAra' grantha pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM prastuta hai, hameM vizeSa gaurava anubhava hotA hai ki isa grantha para jaina zramaNoM meM prasiddha vidvAna paNDita ratna zrI vijayamuni jI zAstrI (rASTrasanta zrI amaramunijI ke suziSya) ne sampUrNa grantha kA avalokana kara bhAratIya darzana evaM nyAyazAstra para tulanAtmaya prastAvanA likhI haiM jo pAThaka ko mArgadarzaka to hogI, nyAya viSaya meM praveza ko sugama bhI bnaayegii| isa anugraha ke lie hama zrI vijayamuni jI ke hRdaya se AbhArI haiM / AzA hai pAThaka isase lAbhAnvita hoNge| vinIta phakIracanda mehatA (mahAmantrI) nemanAtha pana (adhyakSa)

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prAkkathana bhAratIya darzana meM nyAya vidyA darzana zabda dRz dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha dharmazAstra se AcAra kA vizeSa sambandha rahA hai| he-dekhanA / kebala ne dekhanA hI nahIM mAtrA meM inakA vizeSa upayoga rahA hai / bhAratIya hotA, tattva ke sAkSAtkAra ko bhI vidvAnoM ne darzana meM vijJAna, dharma aura taka bhAdi kA samanvaya darzana kahA hai / yaha tathya 'Atma-darzana' Adi zabdoM rahA hai| padArtha vijJAna tathA zarIrazAstra bhI ke prayoga se spaSTa hai / darzana zabda kA vyApaka darzana kA aMgabhUta rahA hai| tarka yuga meM Akara artha hai-jisameM jIvana, jagat aura jagadIza kA vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya ne bhI darzana kA rUpa grahaNa vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| prAcIna kAla meM 'tattva- kara liyaa| philosaphI zabda itanA vyApaka evaM vivecana' ke lie mImAMsA ghAbda kA prayoga kiyA gambhIra nahIM hai, jitanA ki darzana / darzana samasta jAtA thaa| saMrakRta koSa meM pUjita vicAra ko mAnava jAti kI sAmAnya sampatti hai| kisI eka mImAMsA kahA gayA hai| AtArya hemacandra sUri deza athavA eka jAti kI sampatti nahIM hai| ne apanI pramANa-mImAMsA meM, pujita artha meM hI lekina yaha satya hai, ki mAnava kI vibhinna dezaprayoga kiyA hai| Age calakara Atma-vidyA gata, samAjagata, mAnasika tathA rAjanaitika pariaura Atma-vijJAna jaise zabdoM kA prayoga hone sthitiyoM ke kAraNa vibhinna dezoM meM, darzanazAstra lgaa| kA AkAra-prakAra aura svarUpa bhinna-bhinna prakAra varzana kA anya zAstroM se sambandha se vikasita hotA rahA hai| ataH bhAratIya darzana, darzana jIvana kI vyAkhyA hai| darzanazAstra yUnAnI darzana evaM yUropIya darzana jaise nAma kA jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM se sambandha hai / jIvana asAla pracalita ho gae haiN| sambandhI kisI jJAna-vijJAna ko darzana se pathaka nahIM darzana aura tarka : kiyA jA sakatA / itihAsa, samAja, rAjanIti, darzana aura tarka donoM bhinna haiM, lekina Aja dharma, saMskRti aura vijJAna Adi se darzana kA donoM paryAyavAcaka jaise pratIta hote haiN| darzana sambandha dikhAyA jAtA hai| manovijJAna aura dharma kA sthAna taka grahaNa karatA jA rahA hai / darzana zAstra se darzana kA vizeSa ghaniSTha sambandha batAyA parama satya athavA parama tatva ko dekhane evaM prApta jAtA hai / kyoMki manovijJAna se yoga kA aura karane kA upAya, mArga athavA dRSTikoNa hai / vizuddha

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vicAra kA nAma darzana hai, parantu bicAra-svarNa kI karatA thaa| tIrthakara ke ziSyoM meM vAdI-prativAdI parIkSA to tarka kI agni meM hotI hai| tarka kI ziSya bhI hote the, jinakA saMgha meM Adara-satkAra kasauTI meM nikharA vicAra vizuddha hotA hai / vicAra evaM sammAna hotA thaa| brAhmaNa paramparA meM, bauddha meM doSa-Agraha, moha, pakSapAta, buddhi kI malinatA paramparA meM aura jaina paramparA meM bhI zAstrArthI dRSTi ke saMkoca ke kAraNa Ate haiN| tarka una vidvAnoM kA honA parama barakama doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karake vicAra ko zuddha banAtA zAstrArtha meM vijaya prApta karanA, dharma kI prabhAvanA hai. aura buddhi ko nirmala karatA hai| ataH tarka ko kA eka pradhAna aMga thaa| darzana kA anivArya evaM avibhAjya aMga mAnA pramANa zAstra kA vibhAjana gayA hai| kahA gayA haimohaM ruNaddhi vimalIkurute ca buddhi, pramANa ke binA prameya kI siddhi nahIM ho sUte ca saMskRta pada vyavahAra-zaktim / / sakatI / prameya vI siddhi Avazyaka hai, aura vaha zAratrAnta razyasana yogyatayA yunakti : pramANa se hI hotI hai| pramANa zabda kA artha bhI tarpha namo na tanute kimahopakAram // yahI hai, jisase prameya kA yathArtha jJAna ho, vaha tarkazAstra meM kiyA gayA zrama. zani ke pramANa hai| pratyeka sampradAya ko pramANa svIkAra vyaktitva-vikAsa kA patha prazasta karatA hai| aura karanA hI par3atA hai| tarka darzana kA aMga hai / atavyAmoha ko dUra karatA hai / buddhi ko vimala banAtA evaM darzana ke vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para tarka kA bhI hai / paraspara ke vyavahAra kI yogyatA ko bar3hAtA vargIkaraNa viyA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya dharma kI, hai| pratyeka zAstra ke adhyayana kI kSamatA pradAna darzana kI aura saMskRti kI mUla meM do dhArAe~ rahI karatA hai| haiM-brAhmaNa aura zramaNa / vedAnukala aura veda prati kula / vedasammata aura dbirodhii| pahale ko tarka kA upayoga Astika aura dUsare ko nAstika kahane kI eka bhAratIya darzana meM, tarkazAratra ko hetu vidyA, paramparA cala par3I hai / para, yaha eka bhrAnta dhAraNA hetu-zAstra, pramANazAstra aura nyAyazAstra kahA hai| jaina aura bauddha, nAstika nahIM, Astika haiN| gayA hai| tarka kA upayoga mukhyatayA tIna prayojanoM kyoMki ve loka aura paraloka meM vizvAsa karate haiN| ke lie kiyA jAtA hai jaise ki karma aura karmaphala meM vizvAsa karate haiM / AtmA (ka) apane siddhAnta kI sthApanA ke lie aura kI sattA meM vizvAsa karate haiN| kevala beda meM apane pakSa kI siddhi ke lie / vizvAsa na karane bhara se yadi nAstivAtA thopI (kha) apane mata para kiye gaye, Aropa, AkSepa jAtI hai, to vaidika loga bhI mAstika kyoM nahIM ? yA doSa ke nivAraNa ke lie| kyoMki ve bhI jaina Agama meM aura bauddha piTaka meM (1) virodhI ke mata evaM siddhAnta ke khaNDana ke vizvAsa nahIM karate / ataH darzana, pramANa aura tarka lie| kA vibhAjana isa paddhati se karanA ucita hogA___ vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA, kathA aura samvAda bhI brAhmaNa taka, bauddha tarka aura jaina trk| dUsarA tarkazAstra ke hI aMgabhUta haiM / pratyeka sampradAya hI prakAra yaha bho ho sakatA hai-brAhmaNa tarka aura apanI rakSA ke lie tathA virodhI para AkramaNa zramaNa tarka / saMskRti aura sampradAya ke AdhAra karane ke lie tarkazAstra kA bharapUra upayoga karatA para hI isa prakAra kA vibhAjana karanA nyAya-saMgata thaa| vAdavidyA aura vAdazAstra kA adhyayana kahA jA sakatA hai, aura ucita bhI yahI hai|

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bhAratIya darzana ke sampradAya naSTa ho jAtA hai, taba caitanya bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai darzana kA udbhava saMzaya athavA jijJAsA se isa mata meM caitanya viziSTa deha hI AtmA hai, jIva mAnA jAtA hai / tathya yaha hai ki jaba mAnava ke haiN| lie kisI kartavya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hogA.sukha cArvAka abhimata pramANa prApti aura duHkhanivRtti ke upAya batAe gae hoMge, abhimata tatvoM kA parijJAna pratyakSa pramANa se taya apane svarUpa aura jagat ke viSaya meM jijJAsA . ho jAtA hai / pratyakSameva pramANam / pratyakSa ke do ra panna huI hogii| usI se darzana kA udbhaba huA bheda haiM--indriya pratyakSa aura mAnasa pratyakSa / cArvAka hogaa| kama se kama bhAratIya darzana ke mUla meM yahI pravRtti dRSTigocara hotI hai| jijJAsA ke mUla meM bhI anumAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnatA / kyoMki vyApti " kA abhAva hai / kArya-kAraNa kA abhAva hai / isa mata vyakti kA sukhaprApti aura duHkhavinAza kA uddezya __meM zabda bhI pramANa nahIM hai / kyoMki vizvAsayogya hI nihita hotA hai| pratyeka AtmA meM duHkhanivRtti __ vyakti ke dvArA kathita zabda hI pramANa hai| jo kI sanAtana bhAvanA rahI hai / jisa dina manuSya ne yA apane antar ke sukha-duHkha kI aura usake kAraNoM meM pratyakSa dekhe jA sakate haiN| vedoM ko pramANa nahIM kI khoja prArambha kI hogI, usI dina sezana kA gAnA mAnakara" bimonikA galata nahIM hotaa| ataH ekamAtra pratyakSa hI pramANa hai| pratyakSa na prArambha huA hogaa| hone ke kAraNa svarga tathA naraka ko bhI asvIkAra cArvAka sampradAya kara diyaa| paraloka ko mAnanA bebuniyAda kI dabhinna darzanoM meM pahale cArvAka kA nAma liyA bAta ko mAnane jaisA hai| kyoMki vaha pramANasiddha jAtA hai| yaha eka bhautikavAdI darzana hai / isake nahIM hai| isa bhautikavAdI darzana ke do dilakSaNa AcArya vahaspati kahe jAte haiM / yaha kevala pratyakSa siddhAnta haiM-jaDavAda aura dUsarA anIzvaravAda / pramANa ko mAnatA hai / AtmA, paramAtmA aura para- saMkSepa meM, yahI cArvAka darzana kI pramANa aura prameya loka ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / bhArata ke samasta vyavasthA hai| isa paramparA meM bhI aneka AcArya darzanoM ne isakA joradAra khaNDana kiyA hai| phira samaya-samaya para hote rahe haiM / bhI Aja vaha jIvita hai / sampradAya ke rUpa meM nahIM, granthoM meM usakI sattA hai| janatA meM vaha lokapriya bauddha sampradAyarahA hai| Aja usakA koI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai, bauddha dharma kI sthApanA gautama buddha ne IsA pUrva lekina granthoM meM pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM usakI sattA 5:5-485 meM kI thii| buddha ke bAda meM unakI Aja bhI hai / vaidika, jaina aura bauddha sabhI ne isake zikSAoM kI vibhinna vyAkhyAoM ke AdhAra para 15 siddhAntoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| sampradAyoM meM, buddha kA dharma vibhakta ho gayA / parantu AcArya bRhaspati pratyakSavAdI vicAraka thaa| mukhya sampradAya do haiM-hInayAna aura mahAyAna / unake anusAra suSTi ke nirmANa ke cAra tattva haiM- hInayAna ko sthaviravAda tathA sarvAstitvavAda bhI bhUmi, jala, agni aura vAyu / AkAza tattva ko kahA jAtA hai / vaha svIkAra nahIM krtaa| kyoMki usakA kisI sarvAstitvavAda kI do mukhya zAkhAe~ haiMbhI indriya se pratyakSa nahIM hotaa| tattva catuSTaya se vaibhASika aura somAntika / vaibhASika kA artha hai hI zarIra kI utpatti hotI hai| unake milana se -viziSTa bhASya / vibhASA tripiTaka kA TIkA caitanya kI bhI utpatti ho jAtI hai| jaba zarIra grantha hai / vibhASA ke AdhAra para vikasita hone ke

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kAraNa isa zAkhA kA nAma vaibhASika pdd'aa| isa ataeva isakA nAma yogAcAra par3a gyaa| isa zAkhA ke prasiddha dArzanika diGa nAga aura dharmakIrti zAkhA ke mukhya vidvAn hai-maitreyanAtha, Arya asama haiM / diDa nAga guru haiM, aura dharmakIrti ziSya haiN| aura AyaM vasubandhu / Arya asaMga kA kAla 100 ina vaibhASikoM kA mata hai ki jJAna aura jJeya donoM IsvI mAnA gayA hai| vasubandhu ne vijJAnavAda ko satya haiM, mithyA nhiiN| padArtha kI sattA mAnate haiN| janma diyaa| vijJAnavAda bauddha darzana kA carama sUtrAnta athavA buddha ke mUla vacanoM ke AdhAra vikAsa kahA jA sakatA hai| vijJAnavAda ke anupara vigatako vAtAntina kote haiN| sAra ekamAtra vijJAna hI parama satya hai| bAhya ataH isa zAkhA kA nAma sautrAntika par3a gyaa| vastu, vijJAna kA hI pratibimba hai / usakI vAstaisa zAkhA ke mukhya pravartakaH IsvI san 300 meM hone vika sattA nahIM hai / vijJAnavAda ke bAda meM, bauddha vAle 'kumAralabdha haiN| socAntikoM kA mata hai ki nyAya kA vikAsa huaa| nyAya ke pravartaka haiMjJAna satya hai, parantu ya kI satyatA anumAna ke diGa nAga aura dharmakIrti / sAya praveza, pramANa dvArA jJAta hotI hai / jJAna kA artha hai-pramANa aura samuccaya, pramANa yAtika, nyAya vinda, heta binda zeya kA artha hai-prameya / ataH bauddha tAkikoM ne aura bauddha tarka bhASA-bauddhoM ke prasiddha nyAya pramANa do mAne haiM-pratyakSa aura anumAna / diDa- grantha haiM / / nAga bauddha nyAya ke pitA mAne jAte haiN| dharmakIrti . jana sampradAya ne bauddha nyAya ko carama zikhara para pahuMcA diyA thaa| jaina dharma aura darzana, atyanta prAcIna haiM / jaina paramparA ke pravartaka athavA saMsthApaka tIrthakara hote mahAyAna sampradAya kA udaya hInayAna sampradAya kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM huA thaa| mahAyAna kii| haiN| sarvaprathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn' RSabhadeva the, do zAkhAe~ haiM-mAdhyamika aura yogAcAra / inameM mAra para aura carama tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra the| jaina se madhyama mArga kA anusaraNa karane ke kAraNa pahalI / / paramparAmAnya Agama bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI haiN| zAkhA kA nAma mAdhyamika pdd'aa| isa zAkhA ke " mahAvIra aura buddha, donoM samakAlIna the| mahAbIra mukhya pravartaka IsvI san 143 ke lagabhaga hone vAle / " ne jo kucha bolA thA, vaha Agama kahalAyA aura buddha AcArya nAgArjuna the / mAdhyamikoM kA mata hai, ki ne kucha bolA thA, vaha tripiTaka kahAtA hai / Agama, jJaya to asatya hai hI, jJAna bhI satya nahIM hai / isa jaina sampradAya ke zAstra haiN| dharma aura darzana kA zAkhA ke vidvAn kA siddhAnta hai, zUnyavAda / zunya- mUla udgama, Agama evaM zAstra haiM / jaina paramparA ghAda kA artha, jaisA ki loga samajhate haiM-abhAva ina AgamA meM athAha AsthA rakhatI hai, aura inake nahIM hai| zUnyabAda kA artha hai, ki vastu kA nirva- vidhAnoM ke anusAra sAdhanA hoto hai / mUla Agama cana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki vastu anirvaca- pAMca vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-aMga, upAMma, mUla, cheda nIya hai / na vaha sat hai, na asat, na ubhaya hai, aura aura cuulikaa| na anubhava hI hai| jaina paramparA kA dArzanika sAhitya, cAra yugoM mahAyAna kI dUsarI zAkhA kA nAma hai-yogA- meM vikasita huA hai-Agama yuga. darzana yuga, anecAra ! yogAcAra zAkhA yaugika kriyAoM meM AsthA kAnta vyavasthA yuga aura nyAya yuga, tarka yuga athavA rakhatI hai, aura mAnatI hai, ki bodhi kI upalabdhi pramANa yuga / Agama yuga meM, mUla Agama aura usake ekamAtra yogAbhyAsa ke dvArA hI ho sakatI hai| vyAkhyA grantha-niyukti, bhASya, cUNi aura TIkA

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samAhita hote haiN| isa yuga ke prasiddha AcArya hai- aadi| jaina tAkikoM meM pramANa ke do bheda kiye bhadrabAhu / saMghadAsa gaNi, jinadAsa mahattara, zIlAMka haiM-pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa ke do bhedaevaM malavagiri Adi / darzana-yuga bAcaka umA- sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika / pahale ke chaha bheda svAti se prArambha hotA hai| unhoMne SaDdravya, paJca aura dUsare ke do bheda-sakala evaM vikala 1 parokSa astikAya, saptatatva aura navapadArthoM kA nUtana zailI ke pAMca bheda haiM-smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna se pratipAdana kiyA thA / isa yuga ke prasiddha AcArya aura Agama / pramANa vibhAjana kI jainAcAryoM kI haiM- vAcaka umAsvAti, AcArya kundakunda aura yaha apanI maulika sUjha hai| pramANa ke viSaya meM nemicandra suuri| anekAnta vyavasthA yuga, jaina Age vizeSa likhA jAyegA / yahA~ saMkSipta paricaya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa evaM cira diyA hai| smaraNIya hai| kyoMki bauddhoM kA zUnyavAda tathA sAMkhyayoga sampradAya vijJAnavAda, vedAnta kA advaitavAda tathA mAyAvAda, vaidika darzana ke SaT-sampradAya mAne jAte haiMsAMkhya kA pratIkRtivAda, mImAMsA kA apauruSeyavAda sAMkhya-yoga, myAya-vaizeSika aura mImAMsA-vedAnta / aura nyAya-vaizeSika kA Arambha evaM paramANuvAda- lekina sAMkhya aura yoga se baMdoM kA sIdhA sambandha paraspara dvandva yuddha kara rahe the / use miTAne ke lie nahIM hai| sAMkhya darzana meM hiMsAmUlaka vaidika dharma anekAnta dRSTi aura syAdvAda kI yugAnukula vyAkhyA kA virodha kiyA gayA hai| yoga kA sIdhA sambandha Avazyaka thii| isa kArya ko kiyA-mApAtha zarIra aura citavattiyoM se hai| yoga ke do bheda siddhasena divAkara ne tathA AcArya samantabhadra ne| dra nA haiM-gajayoga aura haThayoga / ataH donoM darzanoM siddhasena kA sanmati tarka aura samantabhadra kI kA sambandha vedoM se nahIM hai / inakA sambandha zramaNa Apta-mImAMsA-isa dvandvAtmaka yuga ke pratinidhi paramparA se adhika hai| kyoMki donoM hI ahiMsA anya mAne jAte haiN| dharma meM pUrA-pUrA vizvAsa rakhate haiN| yoga darzana meM, pramANa yuga athavA tarka yuga yama aura niyamoM kA pAlana Avazyaka hI nahIM, isa yuga meM prameya kI nahIM, pramANa kI carcA anivArya bhI mAnA gayA hai| pAMca yamoM meM pahalA adhika gambhIra evaM vyApaka ho cukI thI / naiyAyika yama ahiMsA mAnA gayA hai| aura bauddha paraspara ghAta-pratighAta kara rahe the / eka kapila kA sAlya dUsare para Aropa kara rahe the / eka dUsare kA khaNDana sAMsya darzana ke pravartaka maharSi kapila haiN| isa kara rahe the| jaina dArzanika kaba taka taTastha rahate ? darzana meM paccIsa tatva mAne gaye haiN| mUla meM to do unheM apane siddhAntoM kI rakSA karate hue, naiyAyika hI tatva hai-prakRti aura puruSa / donoM kA saMyoga aura bauddhoM kA khaNDana bhI karanA par3A / isa yuga ke saMsAra hai, aura viyoga hai apavarga arthAt mokSa / prasiddha AcArya the-siddhasena divAkara, bAdideva donoM ke bhedavijJAna se sAMsArika bandhana kaTa jAte sari, AcArya hemacandra tathA upAdhyAya yazovijaya, haiM 1 isa darzana meM zAna kI pradhAnatA hai| sAMkhya meM akalaMka bhaTTa, mANakyanandi, prabhAcandra aura dharma pramANa tIna haiM-- pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda / prasiddha bhUSaNa Adi ! jaina nyAya ke prasiddha grantha hai-nyAyA- AcArya haiM- kapila, Asuri, paMcazikha aura IzvaravatAra, pramANa-nayatattvAlaMkAra, pramANa mImAMsA, kRSNa / isa sampradAya ke prasiddha grantha haiM-sAMsya tathA jaina taka bhASA, aura nyAya vinizcaya, parIkSA sUtra, sAMsya pravacana bhASya, sAMkhya kArikA aura usa mukha, prameyakamala mArtaNDa tathA nyAya dIpikA para sAMkhya tatva kaumudI / sAMkhya ne yoga darzana kI ( 17 )

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sAdhanA ko apanAyA hai| usakI apanI koI sAdhanA prakriyA nahIM hai / usameM to prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda vijJAna para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai / pataJjali kA yoga yoga darzana ke udbhAvaka maharSi pataJjali haiM / inhoMne yogadarzana sUtra kI racanA kI hai| yogadarzana ne sAMkhya darzana ke siddhAntoM ko apanAyA hai| yoga kA mata hai, ki kevala vyakta, avyakta aura jJa se hI mokSa nahIM ho sakatA / prakRti aura vikRti ke prabhAva se mukta hone ke lie citta kI vRttiyoM kA zodhana aura niyantraNa Avazyaka hai / yahI hai, rAja yoga 1 yoga darzana meM sAMkhya kI bhA~ti paccIsa tattva haiM, aura pramANa haiM tIna- pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama | yoga kA bhArata meM vyApaka prabhAva thA, aura usakA prasAra pracAra bhI bahuta thA / yoga kI aneka zAkhA prazAkhAe~ hotI calI gaI haiN| parantu yoga ke mukhya bheda do haiM-- rAjayoga tathA haThayoga | rAjayoga meM mana kI ekAgratA kA varNana hai, aura haThayoga meM zarIra kI vizuddhi ke lie vibhinna Asana, mudrA aura bandhoM kA varNana hai| yoga meM zarIra kI zuddhi aura zarIra kI dRr3hatA bhI to parama Avazyaka hai / ataH yoga kriyAtmaka hai / yoga kA sAhitya : pataJjalikRta yoga sUtra, yoga sUtra para vyAsa bhASya, bhASya para tatva vaishaardii| rAjA bhoja ne sUtroM para bhoja vRtti likhI / vijJAnabhikSu ne pAtajala bhASya vArtika kI racanA kI / yoga sAhitya santa paramparA ke santoM ne bhI samaya-samaya para apanI bhASA meM likhA hai / sAMkhya aura yoga eka dUsare ke pUraka darzana sampradAya rahe haiM / nyAya-vaizeSika sampradAya nyAya aura vaizeSika, donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka darzana haiM, virodhI nahIM / donoM meM kucha maulika bheda bhI haiM - nyAya darzana pramANa pradhAna hai, aura vaizeSika darzana padArtha pradhAna hai / pramANa ko vistRta vyAkhyA nyAya darzana meM kI hai, aura padArtha-mImAMsA vaizeSika darzana kI apanI vizeSatA hai| lekina lAge calakara donoM meM samanvaya ho gayA thA / nyAya darzana cAra pramANa svIkAra karatA hai- pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda / vaizeSika darzana sapta padArthoM ko svIkAra karatA hai - dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vidveSa, samavAya aura abhAva / vizeSa padArtha ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa ho isa darzana ko vaizeSika kahate haiM / vikAsa ke tIna yuga nyAya aura vaizeSika sampradAya ke lIna yuga haiMprAcIna yuga, madhya yuga aura navIna yuga / maharSi gautama ke nyAya sUtra, una para vAtsyAyana bhASya, nyAyavArtika, nyAya tAtparya vRtti aura nyAya maJjarI Adi grantha prAcIna yuga ke grantha haiM / maharSi kaNAda ke sUtra, una para prazastapAda bhAgya aura kiraNAvalI Adi vaizeSika grantha bhI prAcIna yuga ke grantha hai| AcArya udayana ke do grantha - nyAya kusumAJjali aura Atma tattvaviveka bhI prAcIna yuga ke mahatvapUrNa nyAya grantha haiM / madhyayuga meM bauddha aura jaina nyAya kI gaNanA kI hai| AcArya diGnAga aura AcArya dharmakIrti bauddha nyAya prasiddha nyAyika haiN| AcArya siddhasena divAkara, akalaMka bhaTTa vAdideva sUri AcArya prabhAcandra AcArya hemacandra sUri aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya Adi jaina nyAya ke prasiddha evaM vikhyAta AcArya rahe haiM / nyAya vaizeSika darzana kA navIna yuga gaMgeza upAdhyAya ke cintAmaNi grantha se prArambha hotA / maNi para prasiddha TIkA kA nAma- Aloka hai| isa paramparA ke prasiddha AcArya haiM - pakSadhara mizra, raghunAtha ziromaNi, gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya aura mathurA prasAda tathA jagadISa Adi prasiddha vyAkhyAkAra haiM / saMyukta sampradAya navIna nyAya yuga ke bAda nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ( 18 )

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kA eka saMyukta sampradAya astitva meM AyA thaa| mImAMsA sampradAya isa kAla meM, nyAya-vaMzeSika para saMyukta granthoM kI mImAMsA ke pravartaka hai, maharSi jamini / racanA hone lagI thii| isa yuga ke granthoM ko praka- mImAMsA-sUtroM kI racanA, inhoMne kI thii| usakA raNa grantha kahA jAtA hai| isa yuga ke prasiddha praka- nAma hai...TAdaza lkssnnii| isameM dvAdaza adhyAya raNa grantha hai-zivAditya kI sapta padArthI, bhAsa- haiN| isa para zabara svAmI kA zAbara bhASya hai| vaMza kA nyAya sAra, kezava mitra kI tarka bhASA, kumArila bhaTTa ne isa para praloka kAtika kI racanA logAkSi bhAskara kI tarka kaumudI, annaM bhaTTa kA kI hai| prabhAkara ne bhI isa para vizAla TIkA racI tarka saMgraha aura usakI TokA dIpikA, vizvanAtha hai| mImAMsA paribhASA, artha saMgraha aura mImAMsA paJcAnana kA bhASA pariccheda aura usakI vistRta nyAya prakAza Adi isa paramparA ke prakaraNa grantha TIkA nyAya siddhAnta muktAvalI Adi / tarka saMgraha haiM, jinakA adhyayana mImAMsA darzana ko samajhane ke era nyAyabodhinI TIkA aura padakRtya TIkA isI lie Avazyaka hai| mImAMsA darzana kI apanI saMyukta sampradAya prasiddha anya mAne jAte haiN| padArtha mImAMsA bhI hai, pramANa mImAMsA bhI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika vaivika nahIM mImAMsA darzana meM SaT pramANa svIkRta haiM-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, zabda athavA Agama, arthApati yaha sampradAya bhI vaidika nahIM hai| kyoMki yaha aura anupalabdhi / veda apauraya haiN| zabda aura vedoM ko nitya evaM apauruSeya svIkAra nahIM krtaa| artha kA nitya sambandha hai | pramANoM meM Agama pramANa isake anusAra veda, Izvara kI vANI haiM / isake mata athavA zanda pramANa kA vizeSa mahattva hai| meM zabda anitya hai / vaidika jJAna meM vizvAsa hote vevAnta sampradAya : hae bhI vaidika yajJa evaM homa Adi kriyA-kANDa meM isake pravartaka maharSi vyAsa haiN| bedAnta sUtra vizvAsa nahIM hai / zabda pramANa kI apekSA, isa meM inakA mukhya grantha hai| isake cAra adhyAya haiN| anumAna pramANa ko sarvAdhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| jabaki vedamalaka sampradAyoM meM sarvAdhika mahatva pratyeka adhyAya ke cAra pAda haiM / AcArya zakara ne isa para vizAlakAya zAMkara bhASya kI racanA kI zabda pramANa kA hI mAnA gayA hai| hai / advaita vedAnta kA yaha jIvAnubhUta grantha mAnA bhImAMsA-vedAnta sampradAya jAtA hai| vedAnta sampradAya ke zeSa grantha, yA to isakA samarthana karate haiM, yA phira virodha karate haiN| mImAMsA sampradAya tathA vedAnta sampradAya-donoM isa ke anusAra advaita hai, brahma / vaha satya hai, jJAna vedamUlaka hai| veda hI donoM kA AdhAra hai / lekina rUpa hai, aura Anandamaya hai| brahma satya hai, aura donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka nahIM, virodhI haiM / mImAMsA yaha dRzyamAna jagat mithyA hai| mAyA brahma kI kA janma dharma jijJAsA se huA hai, tathA brahma zakti hai| avidyA ke kAraNa hI jagat kI sattA jijJAsA se vedAnta kaa| vedagata kriyAkANDa hai| isa sampradAya meM eka hI tattva hai, aura vaha hai, bhImAMsA kA AdhAra hai aura usakA jJAna-kANDa eka mAtra brahma / zAMkara bhASya para aneka TIkAe~ vedAnta kaa| mImAMsA yajJa ko dharma mAnatA hai, aura haiM, lekina bhAmatI, parimala aura kalpataru vizeSa vedAnta brahma jAna ko / donoM ko sthiti evaM sattA prasiddha rahI haiN| isa paramparA ke aneka prakaraNa eka-dUsare ke viparIta hai, phira bhI yaha to satya hai| grantha haiN| parantu vizeSa prasiddha haiM- vedAntasAra, ki donoM kA mUla veda hai| ataH yathArtha artha meM, vedAnta paribhASA, advaita siddhi aura vedAnta donoM vedamUlaka sampradAya haiN| muktaavlii|

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prameya aura pramANa : yahA~ pramANa kA svatantra lakSaNa nahIM diyA gyaa| brahma, jIva, AtmA, Izvara, jagata aura mAyA- pramANa ke pramANatva evaM apramANatva kI bhI carcA ye saba prameya tatva haiN| vedAnta SaTa pramANa svIkAra nahIM kii| sIdhA jJAna aura pramANa meM abheda siddha karatA hai-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, Agama, kara diyA gyaa| yaha jJAna aura pramANa kA sandhi aApatti aura anUpalabdhi / vedAnta paribhASA grantha kAla hai| jJAna, pramANa meM praveza kara cakA hai| meM, pramANoM kA ativistRta tathA ati sundara varNa yuga kA pArANa hogaa| kiyA gayA hai| vedAnta paribhASA grantha tIna bhAgoM jaina darzana meM pramANa kA lakSaNa : meM vibhakta haiM-pramANa, prameya aura prayojana / Agama se lekara tatvArtha satra taka pramANa ke vedAntasAra prameya bahula grantha mAnA jAtA hai / saMkSepa bheda-prabheda ho cuke the / parantu pramANa kA lakSaNa evaM meM, yaha vedAnta kA sAra hai / svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa nahIM ho skaa| isa kArya ko jaina darzana meM pramANa vyavasthA sampanna kiyA-parIkSAmukha meM mANikyanandI ne, pramANanayatatvAloka meM vAdideva sUri ne aura AgamoM meM vyavasthA, aneka rUpoM meM prApta hotI pramANa-mImAMsA meM AcArya hemacandra sUri ne| jisakA ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra, anuyogadvArasUtra aura mANikyanandI ne kahA-vahI jJAna pramANa hai, jo nandisUtra meM hai| yaha vyavasthA pA~ca jJAnoM ko AdhAra sva kA aura apUrva artha kA nirNaya karatA ho / apUrva mAnakara kI hai| rAjapraznIya meM kumArakezI rAjA vizeSaNa se AcArya dhArAvAhika jJAna ko pramANa pradezI ko yaha kahate haiM, ki hama zramaNa pAMca jJAna nahIM mAnate / parantu yaha dhyAna meM rahe, ki zvetAmbara mAnate haiM-mati, zrata, avadhi, manaHparyAya aura AcArya dhArAvAhI jJAna ko pramANa mAnate haiN| kevala / sthAnAMga meM pAMca jJAnoM ko do pramANoM meM vAdideva sUri ne kahA--sva aura para kA nizcayAvibhakta kiyA hai-pratyakSa aura prokss| parokSa meM tmaka jJAna pramANa hai| yahA~ apUrva vizeSa haTA diyA mati aura zra ta kA samAveza kiyA hai, aura pratyakSa gyaa| AcArya hemacandra sUri ne kahA- artha kA meM bhavadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala kA anuyogadvAra meM samyag nirNaya pramANa hai / yahA~ sva aura para haTA isI prakAra kA kathana hai, lekina vibhAjana kI zailI diye gaye haiN| samyak artha nirNaya ko hI rakhA hai| kucha bhinna hai| nandimUtra meM vibhAjana kI zailI jJAna aura pramANa meM abheda hai| jJAna kA artha hai, adhika spaSTa ho cukI hai / vaha darzana yuga ke adhika samyagjJAna na ki mithyAjJAna / dIpaka jaba utpanna nikaTa hai| vAcaka umAravAti kRta tattvArthAdhigama- hotA hai, taba para Adi padArtha ko prakAzita sUtra meM athavA tattvArthasUtra meM pAMca jJAnoM kA vibhA- vArane ke sAtha hI apane Apako bhI prakAzita jana dArzanika zailI meM kiyA gayA hai, jo tarka yuga karatA hai| ke samIpa pahuMca cukA hai| athavA kahanA cAhie, pramANa ke bheda / pramANa yuga kI pUrva bhUmikA hai| jaina darzana meM pramANa ke do bheda haiM-pratyakSa aura tarka yuga meM jJAna aura pramANa : parokSa / pratyakSa sIdhA AtmA se utpanna hone vAlA vAcaka umAsvAti ne jJAna aura pramANa meM hai, aura parokSa indriya tathA mana Adi karaNoM kI kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM dekhaa| pahale pA~ca jJAnoM sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai / bauddhoM ne bhI pramANa kA nAma batAkara, kaha diyA, ki pAMcoM jJAna pramANa ke do bheda kiye haiN| AcArya dharmakIrti ne apane haiN| pramANa ke do bheda haiM-pratyakSa aura prokss| grantha nyAya bindu meM kahA-pratyakSa aura anumAna ( 20 )

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pramANa ke ye do bheda haiN| lekina jaina darzana ke anusAra anumAna parokSa kA hI eka bheda hai| ataH bauddha darzana kA pramANa vibhAjana apUrNa hI haiN| vaizeSika aura sAMkhya ke tIna pramANa haiM- pratyakSa anumAna aura Agama / naiyAyika ke cAra hai- pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama evaM zabda / prabhAkara ke pA~ca haiM - pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, Agama aura arthApatti | bhATTa sampradAya ke chaha haiM-tyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, Agama, arthApatti aura anupalabdhi arthAt abhAva / cArvAka kevala eka hI pramANa svIkAra karatA hai- pratyakSa | jaina darzana mAnya donoM pramANoM meM, ye saba pramANa samA jAte haiM, sabakA antarbhAva do meM hI ho jAtA hai / ataeva pramANa do hI haiM-na kama aura na adhika / pratyakSa ke bheda pratyakSa apane Apa meM pUrNa hai / use kisI anya AdhAra ke sahayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM | pramANa mImAMsA, pramANanaya tatvAlokAlakAra aura parIkSAmukha meM vizada tathA spaSTa jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| usake do bheda haiM- sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa pAramArthika ke do bheda haiMsakala aura vikala | sakala pratyakSa kevalajJAna hai, aura vikala pratyakSa- avadhijJAna aura manaHparyAya jJAna hai| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa se cAra bheda haiMavagraha, IhA avAya, aura dhAraNA / matijJAna ke samasta bheda-prabheda isake antargata A jAte haiM / indriya janya aura manojanya jJAna bhI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kehI bheda mAne jAte haiM / jaina darzana meM ye saba pratyakSa haiM / parokSa ke bheda jo jJAna avizada aura aspaSTa hai, vaha parokSa hai / parokSa, pratyakSa se ThIka viparIta hai, jisameM vizadatA evaM spaSTatA kA abhAva hai, vaha parokSa pramANa hai| usake pAMca bheda haiM- smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama / atIta kA jJAna, smRti ( 21 hai, atIta aura vartamAna kA jJAna, pratyabhijJAna hai, vyApti jJAna meM sahayogI jJAna, tarka hai, hetu se sAdhya kA jJAna, anumAna hai| Apta vacana se hone vAlA jJAna hai, Agama / saMkSepa meM, ye saba parokSa pramANa haiM / pramANa kA pramANatva nyAya meM isa viSaya para kAphI tarka-vitarka hotA rahA / prAmANya kA nizcaya svataH hotA hai, ki parataH ? mImAMsaka svataH prAmANyavAdI hai / naiyAyika parataH prAmANyavAdI hai| sAMkhya kA kahanA hai, ki prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoM hI svataH hote haiM / jaina darzana ina tInoM se bhinna siddhAnta kI sthApanA karatA hai / prAmANya nizcaya ke lie svataH prAmANya aura parataH prAmANya donoM kI AvazyakatA hai / abhyAsa meM svataH aura anabhyAsa dazA meM parataH / yaha viSaya kA saMkSepa hai / pramANa kA phala arthaM kA ThIka-ThIka svarUpa samajhane ke lie pramANa kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| pramANa kA sAkSAtphala ajJAna kA nAza hai / kevalajJAna ke lie usakA phala sukha aura upekSA hai, zeSa jJAnoM ke lie grahaNa aura tyAga buddhi hai / yaha kathana AcArya siddhasena divAkara kA hai / sAmAnya dRSTi se pramANa kA phala yahI hai, ki ajJAna nahIM rahane pAtA / jaise sUryodaya hone para andhakAra nahIM rahatA / jainadarzana meM nayavAda jaina paramparA meM pAMca jJAnoM kI mAnyatA atyaMta prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai| zruta kA artha hai, jo sunA gayA ho / paramparA se jise sunate Ae haiM, vaha zruta hotA hai| zAstra jJAna aura Agama bhI kahate haiM / zrata ke do upayoga hote haiM sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza | sakalAdeza ko pramANa yA syAdvAda kahate haiN| vikalAdeza ko naya kahate haiM / dharmAtara kI avivakSA se kisI eka dharma kA kathana, }

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vikalAdeza kahA jAtA hai / syAdvAda yA sakalAdeza kisI anya rUpa meM ? vedAnta meM do dRSTi haiM-pratidvArA sampurNa vastu kA kathana hotA hai| vikalAdeza bhAsa aura paramArtha / paramArtha se brahma satya hai, jagat arthAt naya dvArA vastu ke kisI eka deza kA kathana mithyA hai / parantu pratibhAsa se jagata bhI satya hotA hai| pratIta hotA hai| pratibhAsa vyavahAra aura jo paravastu aneka dhamatmika hai-anekAMsAtmaka hai| mArtha hai, vastutaH vahI nizcaya kahA jAtA hai| vasta kA jJAna bhaya evaM pramANa se hotA hai| anekA- indriyagamya basta kA sthala rUpa vyavahAra kI smaka vastu ke kathana kI do prakAra kI maryAdA ke dRSTi se yathArtha hai / isa sthUla rUpa ke atirikta kAraNa syAdvAda aura naya kA bhinna-bhinna nirUpaNa bastu kA sUkSma rUpa bhI hotA hai, jo indriyoM kA kiyA gayA hai| anekAMtavAda aura naya, syAvAda viSaya nahIM ho sakatA / vaha kevala tha na yA Atma aura saptabhaMgI, jainadarzana ke viziSTa tathA gambhIra pratyakSa vA viSaya hotA hai / vastuta: yahI nizcaya siddhAnta haiM / AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne svaracita dRSTi athavA nizcayanaya kahA jAtA hai| nizcaya sanmati taka meM anekAnta aura nayoM kA vistAra se aura vyavahAra meM yahI andara hai ki vyavahAra vastu varNana kiyA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne svaracita ke sthUla rUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai aura nizcaya sUkSma AptamImAMsA meM syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI kA sundara rUpa ko / AcArya kundakunda ne dravya aura tatva kA varNana kiyA hai / naya bhI sapta haiM aura bhaMga bhI sapta jo vaNana kiyA hai, vaha nizcaya pradhAna varNana hai / AcArya vyavahAranaya ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM / nayoM ke bheda lekina gauNa rupa meM / samayasAra to ekadama nizcaya kA kathana karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai kundakunda darzana, mula meM nayoM ke do bheda haiM-dravyanaya aura sAMkhya tathA vedAnta ke nikaTa pahu~ca gayA hai / paryAyamaya-dravyAthika tathA paryAyAthika / dravyadRSTi abhedamUlaka hai aura paryAyaSTi bhedamulaka hai| arthanaya aura zabdanaya AcArya siddhasena ke kathanAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AgamoM meM spaSTa rUpa meM sapta nayoM kA varNana pravacana meM mUlataH do hI dRSTi haiM-dravyArthika aura milatA hai / bhagavatI sUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra aura anuyoga paryAyAthika / jagat kA vyavahAra bhI do prakAra kA dvAra sUtra Adi meM / nayoM kI saMkhyA aura svarUpa meM hai-bhedagAmI athavA abhedgaamii| bheda kA artha hai kAphI matabheda rahe haiM / Agamagata traya, darzanagata naya vizeSa / abheda kA artha hai- sAmAnya / jainadarzana meM aura tarkamata nayoM meM bahuta bhinnatA rahI hai / anuvastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka mAnI hai| yoga dvAra sUtra meM zabda- samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ko vyavahAra aura nizcaya zabdanaya kahA gayA hai| bAda meM nayoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA- arthanaya aura zabdanaya / jo bhAgamoM meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra se kathana naya artha ko apanA viSaya banAte haiM, ve arthanaya haiM / karane kI prAcIna paramparA hai| kathana kahA para naMgama. saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra-artha ko nizcaya se hotA hai, to kahIM para vyavahAra s| viSaya karate haiN| ataH ye cAra arthanaya haiN| zabda, vyavahAra Aropa athavA upacAra hotA hai / vyavahAra samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta-ye tIna zabda ko viSaya se koyala kRSNa varNa kI hai, lekina nizcaya se usa meM __ karate hai / ataH ye tIna zabda naya haiN| paMcavarNa haiM / dhRta ghaTa yaha kathana bhI vyavahAra kA hai, nizcaya meM ghaTa ghRta kA nahIM hotaa| jo vastu jaisI nayoM ke sAta bheda pratibhAsita hotI hai, usI rUpa meM vaha satya hai, yA janadarzana meM naya ke sAta bheda middha haiM--negama,

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saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura bheda mAnatA hai| evaMbhUta kA viSaya samabhirUr3ha evaMbhUta / Agama aura digambara grantha isa paramparA se kama hai, kyoMki vaha artha ko bhI tabhI usa zabda kA samarthana karate haiN| dUsarI paramparA nayoM ke chaha dvArA vAcya mAnatA hai, jaba artha apanI vyutpattibheda mAnatI hai / isa paramparA ke anusAra naigama naya mulaka kriyA meM pUrNatayA saMlagna rahatA ho / svatantra naya nahIM hai / AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne ataH yaha spaSTa hai, ki pUrva-pUrva naya kI apekSA svaracita sanmati taka grantha meM isa mAnyatA kI uttara-uttara naya kA viSaya sUkSma, sUkSmatara tayA joradAra sthApanA kI hai| unakI yaha apanI hI sUkSmatama hotA jAtA hai| isI AdhAra para nayoM parikalpanA hai / anyatra kahIM para bhI isa mAnyatA meM pUrvApara sambandha hai| yahI pArasparika sambandha kA ullekha nahIM hai / na AgamoM meM aura na zvetA- hai| mbara-digambara sAhitya meM / tIsarI paramparA tatvArtha sAmAnya aura vizeSa mutra aura usake bhASya kI hai| isa paramparA ke jaina darzana meM, sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke AdhAra anusAra mUlarUpa meM nayoM ke pAMca bheda haiM--nagama, para, nayoM kA dravyArthika aura paryAyAdhika meM saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra aura zabda / inameM se vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| pahale ke tIna naya prathama naigamanaya ke do bheda haiM- dezaparikSepI aura srvpriksspii| antima zabda naya ke tIna bheda haiM sAmAnyagrAhI haiN| bAda ke cAra naya vizeSagrAhI haiM / jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu sAmAnyasAmprata, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta / nayoM kI saMkhyA vizeSAtmaka hotI hai / usameM abheda ke kAraNa sAmAnya aura svarUpa ke sambandha meM kAphI matabheda rahe haiN| bhI hai, aura bheda ke kAraNa vizeSa bho hai| bastugata lekina nayoM kI rApta saMkhyA ke viSaya meM kisI ye donoM dharma, usake avibhAjya aMza athavA aMga prakAra ke matabheda nahIM rahe haiM / jainadarzana meM saptanaya haiM / ataH vastu kA ekAnta rUpa meM kathana nahIM aura saptabhaMga prasiddha haiN| viyA jA sakatA 1 kyoMki aneka dharmoM kA samUha nayoM kA paraspara sambandha hai-vastu / naya bastu ke eka-eka dharma ko grahaNa uttara naya kA viSaya, pUrva naya kI apekSA kama karatA hai, aura pramANa vastu ko samagna rUpa meM grahaNa hotA jAtA hai / negama naya kA viSaya rAbase adhika karatA hai| naya aura pramANa meM yahI antara hai| hai kyoMki vaha sAmAnya aura vizeSa athavA bheda abheTa aura bheda aura abheda, donoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| saMgraha naya kA viSaya naigama naya se kama ho jAtA hai, kyoMki jaina darzana pratyeka vastu meM abheda aura bheda ko vaha kevala sAmAnya ko athavA abheda ko ho grahaNa svIkAra karatA hai / vastu na ekAnta bhinna aura na karatA hai| vyavahAra kA viSaya saMgraha se kama hai, ekAnta abhinna hI hai| dravya dRSTi se abheda aura kyoMki pathakkaraNa karatA hai| Rjasana kA vyava- paryAyadRSTi se bheda bhI hai / vastu nitya bhI hai, vasta hAra se kama hai, kyoMki Rjasatra naya kevala anitya bhI hai / vastu eka bhI hai, bastu aneka vanamAna padArtha taka hI sImita rahatA hai / bhUtakAla bhI hai / vastu sat bhI hai, bastu asat bhI hai| aura anAgata kAla usakA viSaya nahIM hotA hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra kI yahI to anekAnta dRSTi hai / zabda kA viSaya Rja sUtra se bhI kama hai, kyoMki isI kI vyAkhyA hai-nayavAda / isI kI vyAkhyA vaha kAla, kAraka, liMga aura saMkhyA Adi ke bheda hai-syaadvaad| se arthabheda mAnatA hai| samabhirUr3ha kA viSaya syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI zabda se kama hai, kyoMki vaha vyutpattibheda se artha- jaina AgamoM meM syAdvAda aura vibhajyavAda ( 23 )

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zabdoM kA aneka sthAnoM para prayoga kiyA gayA hai| karake vastu kA varNana krnaa| eka guNa meM azeSa donoM hI zabda jaina-darzana meM apanA viziSTa sthAna vastu kA saMgraha karanA sakalAdeza hai| yaha kathana rakhate haiN| jaina darzana ke marma ko samajhane ke lie AcArya akalaMka kA hai| unhoMne tattvArtha rAjavAatyanta hI mahattvapUrNa zabda haiN| vibhajyavAda kA tika meM kahA--"eka guNamukhena zeSa vasturUpa saMgraprayoga to bauddha piTaka majjhima nikAya meM bhI huA hAt sklaadeshH|" hai / bhagavAn buddha ne apane Apako vibhajyavAdI vikalAdeza meM, eka dharma kI hI apekSA rahatI kahA hai ekAMzavAdI nhiiN| jaina paramparA ke sUtra- hai aura zeSa kI apekssaa| jisa dharma kA kathana abhISTa kRtAMga sUtra meM, isI zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| hotA hai, vahI dharma dRSTi ke sAmane rahatA hai| anya bhikSu ko kaisI bhASA kA prayoga karanA cAhie, dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM hotA, apitu usa samaya prayoisa sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki vibhajyavAda kA jana na hone se unakA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| yahI prayoga kreN| jaina darzana meM isa zabda kA prayoga upekSAbhAva hai, lekina yaha niSedha nahIM hai / niSedha meM anekAntavAda evaM syAdvAda ke artha meM kiyA gayA saMgharSa hai| vaha nahIM, ekAntavAda ho hai| jisa apekSA se jisa prazna kA uttara diyA jA jAtA hai| saptabhaMgI ko samajhane meM sakalAdeza aura sakatA ho, usa apekSA se usakA uttara denA hI vikalAdeza kA bar3A mahattva hai| syAdvAda hai / ataH anekAntavAda, syAdvAda, vibhajya- sakalAdeza ke AdhAra para jo saptabhaMgI banatI vAda aura apekSAvAda samAnArthaka zabda haiN| hai, use pramANa saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| vikalAdeza ke bhagavatI sUtra meM mahAvIra aura jayantI kA AdhAra para jo saptabhaMgI banatI hai, vaha naya saptasaMvAda, mahAvIra aura gautama ke saMvAda tathA mahA- bhaMgI hai / isakA artha hai ki naya kA kathana vikalAvIra aura tApasoM ke saMvAda --yaha siddha karate haiM ki deza aura pramANa kA kathana hai, sakalAdeza / sakala bhagavAna mahAvIra anekAnta aura syAdvAda siddhAnta kA artha hai, sampUrNa / vikala kA artha hai-aMdhA; aMzA ke pratipAdaka the| kisI bhI prazna kA uttara ke kathana / kathana kI ye do paddhatiyA~ haiM / eka meM zeSa kA ekAntavAda se nahIM dete the, anekAntabAda se hI abheda karake kathana karanA, aura bheda karake aMza-aMza diyA karate the / unakI dRSTi meM sat-utpAda, paya kathana karanA / aura dhruvatvabhAva se saMyukta thaa| gaNadhara gautama ko saptabhaMgoM kA kathana bhI unhoMne yahI dRSTi pradAna kI thI, jisake AdhAra AcArya akalaMka ne tattvArtha rAjaghAtika meM para gaNadhara ne caturdaza pUrvo kI saMracanA kI thii| kahA hai ki "praznavazAda ekasmin vastuni avirojaina darzana kA yaha mUla hai| dhena vidhi-pratizeSa vikalpanA sptbhNgii|" eka jaina darzana meM saptabhaMgI vastu meM avirodhapUrvaka vidhi aura pratiSedha ko vastu meM aneka dharma haiN| kisI eka dharma kA vikalpamA saptabhaMgI hai| jaba hama astitva kA kathana kisI eka zabda se hotA hai / yaha sambhava pratipAdana karate haiM, taba nAstitva bhI niSedha rUpa se nahIM ki anakAntAtmaka vastu ke sabhI dharmoM kA hamAre sAmane upasthita ho jAtA hai| jaba hama sat varNana kara sakeM / kyoMki eka vastu ke sampUrNa varNana kA pratipAdana karate haiM, taba asat bhI sAmane A kA artha hai-sabhI ghastuoM kA samparNa varNana / ataH jAtA hai| kisI bhI vastu ke bidhi aura niSedha rUpa vastu kA kathana karane ke lie do dRSTiyAM hai- do pakSa vAle dharma ko binA virodha ke pratipAdana sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza / sakalAdeza kA artha karane se jo sApta prakAra ke vikalpa uThate haiM, vahIM hai--kisI eka dharma ke sAtha anya dharmoM kA abheda saptabhaMgI hai / vidhi aura niSedharUpa dharma kA vastu meM

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kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai| donoM pakSa eka 'kathaMcita ghaTa hai / isakA kyA artha hai ?' kisa hI vastu meM virodhabhAva se rahate haiN| apekSA se ghaTa hai / svarUpa kI apekSA se ghaTa hai aura saptamaMgoM kA svarUpa pararUpa kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai| sarva padArtha 1. kacit ghaTa hai, saha kI apekSA se haiM, pararUpa kI apekSA se nahIM haiN| svarUpa aura pararUpa ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| 2. kathaMcit ghaTa nahIM hai| nAma,sthApanA,dravya aura bhAva se jisakI vivakSA 3. kathaMcit ghaTa hai aura nahIM hai, hotI hai, vaha svarUpa yA svAtmA hai / vaktA ke prayo4. kathaMcit ghaTa avaktavya hai, jana ke anusAra argha kA grahaNa karanA, mvAtmA kA 5. kathaMcita ghaTa hai aura abaktavya hai, grahaNa kahalAtA hai| isake viparIta parAtmA kA 6. kathaMcit ghaTa nahIM hai aura abaktavya hai, grahaNa hotA hai / vastu ke svarUpa aura usake pararUpa 7. kathaMcit ghaTa hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / ko samajhane se vAstavika nirNaya ho jAtA hai, sahI prathama bhaMga vidhi kI kalpanA ke AdhAra para rUpa sAmane AtA hai| hai| isameM ghaTa ke astitva kA vidhipUrvaka prati cAra nikSepa , pAdana hai| eka zabda prayojana ke anusAra aneka arthoM meM dusarA bhaMga pratiSedha kI kalpanA ke AdhAra para prayukta hotA hai| pratyeka zabda kA cAra arthoM meM hai| jisa astitva kA prathama bhaMga meM vidhipUrvaka vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai / isI artha vibhAga ko nyAsa pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, usI kA isameM niSedha- evaM nikSepa kahate haiN| ye cAra vibhAga hai---nAma, pUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva / kisI kA eka nAma rakha tIsarA bhaMga vidhi aura niSedha donoM kA Rma denA, nAma nikSepa / mUrti aura citra Adi sthApanA se pratipAdana karatA hai| pahale vidhi kA grahaNa nikSepa hai| bhUtakAla aura anAgata kAla meM rahane karatA hai aura bAda meM niSedha kaa| yaha bhaMga prathama vAlI yogyatA kA vartamAna meM Aropa karanA, dravya aura dvitIya donoM bhaMgoM kA saMyoga hai| nikSepa hai| vartamAnakAlIna yogyatA kA nirdeza caturtha bhaMga vidhi aura niSedha kA yugapata prati- karanA bhAva nikSepa hai / ina cAroM nikSepoM meM rahane pAdana karatA hai| donoM kA yugapat pratipAdana honA. vAlA jo vivakSita artha hai, vaha svarUpa athavA vacana ke sAmarthya ke bAhara hai / ataeva isa maMga ko svAtmA kahA jAtA hai| svAtmA se bhinna artha avaktavya kahA gayA hai| parAtmA athavA pararUpa hai / vivakSita artha kI dRSTi se ghaTa hai, tadbhinna dRSTi se ghaTa nahIM hai / yadi itara pAMcavAM bhaMga vidhi aura yugapat vidhi-niSedha dRSTi se bhI ghaTa ho, to nAma Adi vyavahAra arthAt donoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai| prathama aura caturtha nikSepa kA uccheda ho jaaegaa| ataH nikSepa ko ke saMyoga se yaha bhaMga banatA hai| samajhanA anivArya hai| chaThA bhaMga niSedha aura yugapat vidhi aura niSedha dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva donoM kA kathana hai| yaha bhaMga dvitIya aura caturtha dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se svarUpa donoM kA saMyoga hai| aura pararUpa kA vivecana yahA~ Avazyaka hai| ghaTa sAtavAM bhaMga krama se vidhi aura niSedha aura kA dravya miTTI hai| jisa miTTI se ghaTa banA hai, yugapat vidhi aura niSedha kA pratipAdana karatA hai| usakI apekSA se vaha sat hai / anya dravya kI apekSA yaha tRtIya aura caturtha bhaMga kA saMyoga hai 1 se vaha sat nahIM hai| kSetra kA artha hai-sthAna ( 25 )

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vizeSa / jisa sthAna para ghaTa hai, usa sthAna kI sattva dharma kA pratipAdana karanA, naya vacana kA apekSA se vaha sat hai| anya sthAnoM ko apekSA se pahalA rUpa hai / asattva dharma kA pratipAdana karanA, vaha asat hai / jisa samaya ghaTa hai, usa samaya kI naya vacana kA dUsarA rUpa hai| ubhaya dharmoM kA kramazaH apekSA se vaha sat hai / usa samaya se bhinna samaya pratipAdana karanA, naya bacana kA tIsarA rUpa hai| kI apekSA se vaha asat hai / bhAva kA artha hai-- ubhaya dharmoM kA yugapat pratipAdana karanA, asambhava paryAya athavA AkAra vizeSa / jisa AkAra yA hai| ataH nayavacana kA caturtha rUpa avaktavya banatA paryAya kA ghaTa hai, usakI apekSA se vaha sat hai| hai / naya vacana ke pA~cabe, chaThe aura sAtaveM rUpoM ko tadbhinna AkAra evaM paryAya kI apekSA se vaha asat pramANa vacana ke pAMcaveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM rUpoM ke hai ataH svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva kI samAna samajha lenA cAhie / jaina darzana meM naya vacana apekSA se ghaTa hai| paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura ke ina sAta rUpoM ko naya saptabhaMgI kahA gayA hai / parabhAva kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai| isa prakAra anekAntavAda, pramANavAda, nayavAda, saptabhaMgIvAda aura syAdvAda-jaina darzana ke pramANa saptabhaMgI viziSTa siddhAnta haiN| sattva aura asattva ina do dharmoM meM se sattvamukhena vastu kA pratipAdana karanA, pramANa vacana kA pahalA dhArAvAhika jAga rUpa hai| asattvamukhena vastu kA pratipAdana karanA, pramANa bacana kA dUsarA rUpa hai / sattva aura amattva ubhaya dharma mugvana kramazaH vastu kA pratipAdana karanA, nyAya, vaizeSika aura mImAMsaka-dhArAvAhita pramANa bacana kA tIsarA rupa hai / sattva aura asatva jJAnoM ko pramANa mAnate haiN| ataH ye gRhItagrAhI ubhaya dharma mukhena yugapat vastu ko pratipAdana karanA hone para bhI pramANa hI haiN| bauddha dArzanika use asambhava hai| isalie pramANa vacana kA yaha caturtha zamaNa mAnate rahe haiN| jaina paramparA ke zvetAmbara rUpa avaktavya hai| ubhayamukhena yugapat vastu ke dArzanika dhArAvAhika jJAnoM ko prAyaH pramANa ho pratipAdana kI asambhavatA ke sAtha-sAtha sattvamukhena mAnate haiM, unheM apramANa nahIM kahA hai| lekina vastu vA pratipAdana ho sakatA hai| yaha pramANa vacana digambara AcArya prAya: urI aprabhANa hI mAnate cale kA paMcavAM rUpa hai| ubhayamukhena yugapat vastu ke yaaye| ataH digambaroM kA pramANa lakSaNa bhI pratizadana kI asambhavatA ke sAtha sAtha asattva- zvetAmbarAcAryoM se bhinna prakAra kA ho rahA hai| mukhena bhI vastu kA pratipAdana ho sakatA hai| yaha parantu samasta jainAcArya smaraNa rUpa parokSa pramANa pramANa vacana kA chaThA rUpa bana jAtA hai / ubhaya ko evaM smRti ko pramANa hI mAnate haiM, apramANa dharmamukhena yugapat vastu ke pratipAdana kI asambhavatA nahIM mAnate / nyAya aura vaizeSika smRti ko pramANa ke sAtha-sAtha ubhaya dharma mukhena kramazaH vastu kA mAnate haiM / AcArya hemacandra sUri ne apanI pramANa pratipAdana ho sakatA hai| yaha pramANa vacana kA mAmA meM dhArAvAhika jJAna ko pramANa siddha kiyA sAtavA~ rUpa bana jAtA hai / jaina darzana meM isako hai| isa prakAra dArzanika evaM tArkika vidvAnoM meM kucha pramANa saptabhaMgI nAma diyA gayA hai| pramANa sapta- sthaloM para gambhIra vicAra-bheda bho rahA hai, aura bhaMgI prasiddha hai| kahIM para sahamati bhI rahI hai| bhAratIya darzana meM naya saptabhaMgI pramANa kI carcA ne kAphI gambhIra rUpa grahaNa kiyA vastu ke satva aura asattva ina do dharmoM meM se hai ! ( 26 )

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sUtrAtmaka jaina nyAya grantha parIkSAmukha sUtra jaina nyAya ke sUtrAtmaka granthoM meM prathama gaNanA parIkSA mukha kI hotI hai| AcArya mANikyanandi ne racanA kI hai| jaina paramparA ke mahAn naiyAyika akalaMka deva ke nyAya granthoM kA dohana karake yaha grantha likhA gayA hai / chah samuddezoM meM vibhakta hai / sUtra racanA sundara tathA madhura hai| gAgara meM sAgara bhara diyA hai / yaha pramANa bahula grantha hai / pramANa, pramANa kA phala, pramANAbhAsa, pramANa kA pramANatva, pramANa kA viSaya, pramANa ke bheda prabheda Adi viSayoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / lekina naya, nikSepa aura bAda Adi mahatvapUrNa viSayoM kI upekSA bhI kI gaI hai / anantavIrya AcArya ne parIkSAmukha ke sUtroM para madhyama parimANa kI saMskRta TIkA kI hai| TIkA prameyabahula hai| ataH usakA nAma hai-- prameya ratnamAlA | AcArya prabhAcandra ne sUtroM para ati vizAla tathA mahAkAya TIkA likhI hai, jisakA nAma haiprameya kamala mArtaNDa | yaha grantha mahatvapUrNa hai| zeSika, sAMkhyayoga, mImAMsA vedAnta, bauddha aura cArvAka kA joradAra khaNDa kiyA hai / kevalI bhukti aura strI kavita kA vistAra se khaNDana kiyA hai| IzvaravAda, prakRtivAda, advaitavAda aura vijJAnavAda para coTa kI hai| pramANa-naya-tattva lokAlaMkAra sUtra vAdideva sUri kRta yaha vizuddha nyAya grantha hai | ATha paricchedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isakA bhASA sauSThava dekhane yogya hai | sUtra lambe haiM, aura samAsAMta bhii| sUtroM meM mAdhurya evaM gAmbhIrya to hai, lekina prasAda guNa kama hai / nizcaya sUtra atyanta vajanadAra haiM / adhyetA aura adhyApaka donoM kI kasauTI hai / sUtra saMkhyA bhI kAphI adhika hai| pramANa saMbaddha saMpUrNa haiN| nayoM para pUrA pariccheda haiN| saptabhaMgI kA vistRta varNana hai, jo jaina nyAya kA prANa rahA hai| nikSepoM kA bhI varNana hai / vAda, jalpa evaM ( vitaNDA jaise viSayoM ko bhI chor3A nahIM gayA / nyAyazAstra ke itihAsa meM Aja taka anyaM vaisA grantha nahIM likhA gayA / mahAn tArkika vAdideva sUri kI yaha amara kRti hai / mUla sUtroM para ratnAkara sUri ne vistRta vyAkhyA likhI hai / vyAkhyA kA nAma hai- ratnAkarAvatArikA | nyAya-zAstra aura sAhitya-zAstra kA sundara evaM madhura saMgama hai / padAvalI atyanta lalita hai / anuprAsa alaMkAra kA vizAla bhaNDAra hai / vaidika aura bauddha darzanoM kA sacoTa khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / kevalI kavalAhAra aura strI mokSa kA joradAra maNDana kiyA gayA hai / zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM ko tarkabala se yuktiyukta siddha kiyA gayA hai| anya darzanoM kA khaNDana hai / svayaM AcAryaM vAdideva sUri ne sva racita sUtroM para ati vizAla tathA mahAkAya bhASya likhA hai, jisakA nAma hai- syAdvAda ratnAkara vastutaH Aja taka kisI bhI anya nyAya grantha para itanA vizAla bhASya nahIM likhA gayA / pramANazAstra kA, vyAyazAstra kA, vaisA koI viSaya nahIM chor3A gayA, jisa para AcArya vAdideva ne jamakara na likhA ho| isa eka hI grantha ko par3hakara samasta bhAratIya darzana aura samasta bhAratIya nyAya para adhikAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / nyAya- zAstra kA koI bAda chUTa nahIM sakA hai | AcArya kI pravAhamayI bhASA hai, tarkoM kI garjanA hai aura nyAya prameyoM kI mUsalAdhAra varSA hai / koI vAdI sAmane Tika nahIM paataa| jaina nyAya kA yaha akSaya bhaNDAra hai / anya mata ke pramANoM meM doSa dikhAkara sva mata siddha pramANoM kI, pramANa ke viSayoM kI, pramANa ke phaloM kI tathA pramANa ke pramANatva kI lambI carcA prastuta kI hai / syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI kI gahanagambhIra hai| syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, nayavAda aura anekAnta dRSTi jainadarzana ke pramANabhUta evaM prANabhUta siddhAnta haiM / jaina darzana kA AdhAra hI ye rahe haiM / bauddha kA vijJAnavAda evaM zUnyavAda, vedAnta kA advaitavAda evaM mAyAvAda tathA sAMkhya kA prakRtivAda 27 )

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aura nyAya kA IzvaravAda - - ye saba syAdvAda ratnAkara ke ratna haiM / pramANa - mImAMsA sUtra AcArya hemacandra sUri kI yaha eka amara kRti hai| isakA viSaya hai pramANa zAstra / pramANa ke abhAva meM prameya kI siddhi kaise ho sakatI hai / ataH svamata aura paramata ko samajhane ke lie pramANa kA parijJAna anivArya hai| yaha pramANa hI pramANamImAMsA grantha kA mukhya viSaya hai / yaha bhI eka sUtrAtmaka grantha hai| pramANa-mImAMsA ke sUtra laghu, prazasta, sarala aura sundara haiN| sUtroM kI saMkhyA bhI bahuta kama hai| AcArya ne svayaM sUtroM para vRtti kI racanA kI hai / vRtti madhyama parimANa vAlI hai / vRtti kI bhASA prasAdaparipUrNa hai / adhyAya pA~ca aura Ahnika dazA meM vibhakta hai, graMtha / parantu durbhAgya se pUrNa grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / kAla kavalita ho cukA hai / vRtti meM pramANa se sambaddha samasta viSayoM kI paricarcA kI hai, AcArya ne svayaM / pramANa kA lakSaNa, pramANa ke bheda, pramANa kA viSaya, pramANa kA prAmANya, pramANa kA phala - ina samasta viSayoM para AcArya kA pUrNa adhikAra pratIta hotA hai / indriyoM kI ora mana kI bar3I sundara vyAkhyA kI hai / kevalajJAna, avadhijJAna aura matijJAna kA svarUpa batAyA hai| pramAtA pramANa, prameya, pramA aura usake phala kI bhI bahuta sundara vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| nyAyaratnasAra sUtra yaha nyAya - zAstra kA sUtrAtmaka grantha hai / isake racayitA sthAnakavAsI samAja ke prasiddha vidvAn AcAryapravara pUjya ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja haiN| sthA nakavAsI paramparA kA yaha sUtrAtmaka prathama graMtha hai | sUtroM kI bhASA sarala hai| sUtroM meM prasAda guNa kI kamI nahIM hai / grantha chaha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / ( 28 grantha kA viSaya pramANa pramANa ke bheda, pramANa kA lakSaNa, pramANa kA phala aura naya, saptabhaMgI, vAda, jalpa evaM vitaNDA Adi kA svarUpa bhI batAyA hai / yaha sUtrAtmaka kRti ati sundara hai / AcArya ne svayaM sUtroM para nyAyaratnAvalI saMskRta TIkA likhI aura eka vistRta TIkA bhI likhI hai, jisakA nAma - syAdvAda mArtaNDa hai / grantha racanA se pUrva AcArya ke samakSa pramANa - naya tattvAlokAlaMkAra sUtra aura una vyAkhyAoM kA Adarza avazya rahA hai| mUla preraNA aura sAmagrI kA grahaNa bhI adhikAMza vahIM se kiyA hai / vyAkhyAoM kA nAma bhI grantha ke viSaya ke anukUla hai| do-cAra sthaloM para sampradAya kA abhiniveza ubhara kara AyA hai / jaise ki saDora mukhavastrikA, kevalI kavalAhAra aura strI mukti ke sambandha meM / prabhAcandra aura vAdideva sUri kA yaha spaSTa ho prabhAva hai / vastutaH Aja ke yuga meM ina carcAoM kI AbazyakatA hI nahIM hai / grantha kI racanA sundara hai / grantha kA viSaya paricaya prathama adhyAya prathama adhyAya meM 13 sUtra haiM / grantha kA maMgalAcAra karate hue kahA hai- maiM carama tIrthaMkara vardhamAna ko aura prathama gaNadhara gautama ko namaskAra karake bAla janoM ke upakAra ke lie nyAyaratnasAra" kI racanA karatA hU~ | maMgalAcaraNa karane ke tIna prayojana haiM 1. prArabdha grantha kI nirvighna samApti 2. ziSTAcAra kA paripAlana 3. kRtajJatA kA prakAzana grantha kA mukhya uddezya hai- pramANa kA lakSaNa | kyoMki prameya kI siddhi binA pramANa ke nahIM hotI / padArtha kA nirNaya pramANa se hI ho sakatA hai / pramANa kA lakSaNa eka nahIM hai / kyoMki sabakA )

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prameya tatva bhinna-bhinna hai| ameya ke anusAra ho pramANa kA lakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / 1 sUtra meM pramANa kA lakSaNa kiyA hai - stra aura para kA nizcaya karane vAlA tathA avAdhita jJAna hI pramANa hai / sva kA artha haijJAna aura para kA artha hai- jJeya padArtha, vyavasAthi kA artha hai- nizcaya karAne vAlA, para vaha jJAna bAdha rahita ho / jJAna hI pramANa ho sakatA hai | nyAya vaizeSika mata meM font pramANa kahA hai| lekina vaha jar3a hone se pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| sva aura para kA nirNaya jJAna hI kara sakatA hai / ataH jJAna hI pramANa ho sakatA hai / pramANa rUpa meM svIkRta jJAna samAropa kA virodhI hotA hai / bauddha nirvikalpaka jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnate haiN| jaina darzana meM isako darzanopayoga kahA hai| darzana anAkAra hone se sAmAnya ko viSaya karatA hai. vizeSa ko nahIM / jaina darzana meM vastu sAmAnyavizeSaka hotI hai / ataH savikalpaka jJAna hI pramANa ho sakatA hai nirvikalpaka nahIM / savikalpaka jJAna se hI samAropa kA niSedha ho sakatA hai / samAropa kyA hai ? jo padArtha jaisA hai, usakA usa rUpa meM jJAna na honA / usake tIna bheda haiM-saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ye tInoM vikalpAtmaka jJAna haiN| phira inako pramANa kyoM nahIM mAnate ? saMzaya Adi jJAna ke doSa haiM / ataH ye pramANa nahIM ho skte| jisa jJAna meM ye doSa hoM, vaha jJAna pramANa koTi meM nahIM A sakatA / saMzaya aura anavyavasAya se kisI padArtha kA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA / viparyaya se viparIta nirNaya hotA hai / ataH ye pramANa nahIM hai / lakSaNa meM avAdhita pada viparyaya ke niSedha ke lie hI diyA gayA hai| kyoMki vipaya se viparIta nirNaya hotA hai / samAropa jJAnoM meM sva nirNaya to hai, para nirNaya sahI nahIM hotA ataH samAropa pramANa koTi meM nahIM AtA / adhyAya 1, sUtra 10, meM batAyA hai para kyA hai ? jJAna ke svarUpa se bhinna jo jJa eya rUpa artha hai, vaha para hai| jJAna meM pramANatA jJeya rUpa bAhya padArtha ke jAnane se hI AtI hai / kevala apane Apako jAnane se nahIM / jJa eya ke sambandha meM bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM meM eka mata nahIM hai| zUnyavAdI bauddha bAhya padArtha ko mithyA mAnate haiN| unake vicAra meM jJeya kI sattA hI nahIM hai / zUnyavAdI bauddha Antarika padArtha AtmA tathA jJAna Adi ko bhI mithyA kahate hai | vedAnta brahma ke atirikta sabako asat kahatA hai| vijJAnavAdI bauddha vijJAna ko sat svIkAra karate anya saba asat koTi meM AtA hai / jJa eya bhina hone se pramANa bhI bhinna-bhinna haiM, unakI saMkhyA bhI eka nahIM ho sakatI / ataH jJAna se hI sva aura para kA nizcaya hotA hai | jJAna hI pramANa hai / saMnikarSa, antaHkaraNa vRtti aura kAraka Adi pramANa nahIM bana skte| AcArya hemacandra samyag artha nirNaya ko pramANa kahate haiM | mANakyanandI sva aura apUrva ayaM ke nirNaya ko pramANa mAnate hai / nyAya ratnasAra meM pramANa ke lakSaNa meM vAdideva suri kA anutaraNa kiyA gayA hai / zabda sAmya bhI donoM meM ekasA hai / jaina darzana jJAna ko sva para prakAzaka hI mAnatA hai | jaise dIpaka apanA aura para kA bhI vodha karAtA hai| dUsare dArzanika jJAna ko para prakAzaka ho kahate haiN| mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki jJAna para ko hI jAnatA hai. rava ko vaha nahIM jAnatA / naTa kitanA bhI catura kyoM na ho, vaha apane kandhe para kaise car3ha sakatA hai / naiyAyika bhI jJAna ko para prakAzaka kahate haiN| vAdidevasUri hemacandra sUri aura nyAyaratnasAra ke praNetA AcArya ghAsIlAlajI jJAna ko ubhayamukhI mAnate haiN| vaha donoM ko jAnatA hai / adhyAya 1, sUtra 12 meM kahA gayA hai, ki pramANa kA prasAda kyA hai ? jJAna ko prAmANya kaba prApta hotA hai ? prameya padArtha jaisA hai, use usI rUpa meM ( 28 )

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jAnanA-yahI pratibhAta viSaya kA avyabhicAritva sUtra meM pariccheda 1, sUtra 18 meM kahate haiM, ki prameya bhAva hai / yadi jJAna se jAnA gayA padArtha uttarakAla se avyabhicAri honA, pramANa kA pramANatva hai| meM baisA upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, to usa padArtha ko irAse viparIta apramANatva hai / pramANatva aura jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANabhUta nahIM mAnA jA apramANatva kA bheda bAhya padArthoM kI apekSA se hai| sakatA / yahI pramANa kI apramANatA hotI hai| kyoMki pratyeka jJAna apane svarUpa ko vAstavika hI nyAyazAstra athavA pramANa-zAstra meM isa viSaya jAnatA hai / ataH svarUpa kI apekSA sabhI jJAna pramANa para bahuta vivAda hai| pramANa ke pramANatva ko svataH hI hote haiN| bAdya padArthoM kI apekSA koI jJAna mAnane vAle parataH mAnane vAle aura svataH tathA pramANa hai, to koI zAna apramANa hai| parata: mAnane vAle- kama se kama tIna pakSa to haiM AcArya hemacandra sUri pramANa-mImAMsA ke adhyAya hii| mImAMsaka rakhAH pramANa hai . nacAyika , Ahaki 1, sUtra meM kahate haiM, ki prAmANya kA parataH pramANavAdI hai / jaina dArzanika ubhaya pramANa- nizvaya svataH aura parataH hotA hai| isakA adhika vAdI haiN| spaSTIkaraNa AcArya ne apanI vRtti meM kiyA hai / isa __ 'nyAyaratnasAra' ke AcArya kA kathana hai, ki sambandha meM jitane bhI mata-matAntara haiM, sabakA pramANa meM pramANatva para se hI AtA hai / lekina usa khulAsA kara diyA hai| pramANatA kA nicaya abhyAsa dazA meM svataH aura anabhyAsa dazA meM parata hotA hai / jaise jisa tAlAba dvitIya adhyAya meM pratidina ramAna aura jalAharaNa ni.yA jAtA hai, vahA~ ke jala ke astitva meM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM / isameM 18 sUtra haiN| isameM jaina darzana mAnya pramANoM ke bheda-prabheda kA kathana kiyA hai| pramANoM hotA / ataH vahA~ svataH hI nizcaya ho jAtA hai| ma isI kA nAma nyAya kI bhASA meM svataH prAmANya ko / kA vibhAjana jainoM ne apanI alaga paddhati se kiyA jJapti hai| aparicita sthAna meM to parataH nizcaya hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM pramANa ke do bheda bhI haiM, cAra hotA hai| baka pakti dekhane se athavA kisI vizvasta bheda bhI haiM / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM pramANa ke sIdhe cAra dhyakti ke kathana se / yahI parataHprAmANya hai| bheda upalabdha haiM--pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda / nyAya sUtroM meM bhI ye hI cAra bheda haiN| nandI parIkSAmukha ke samudde za 1, sUtra 13 meM kahA ki sUtra kA vargIkaraNa to alaga paddhati kA hai| pahale pramANa kA mANya svataH tathA parataH hotA hai| pA~ca jJAnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA, phira unheM do kintu isa ati saMkSipta se bAta spaSTa nahIM hotii| pramANoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA---pratyakSa aura prokss| prameyaratna-mAlAkAra ne apanI vRtti meM mANikya parazna ke do bheda-matijJAna aura zratajJAna / parokSa nandI ke bhAva ko atyanta suMdaratA se prastuta kiyA hai| / isalie haiM, ki inameM indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA bhAratIya kA nyAyazAstra manthana kara DAlA |vRtti meM na hotI hai / pratyakSa ke do bheda haiM-vikAla aura sakala / kahA hai, ki mImAMsaka pramANa ke pramANatva ko svataH / sakala kevalajJAna hai, viphala ke do bheda haiM -avadhi aura apramANatva ko parataH mAnate haiM / sAMkhya vidvAna / na aura manaHparyAya / ye tInoM jJAna sIdhe AtmA se hote pramANatva ko parataH aura apramANalya ko svataH / haiN| inameM indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA kI apekSA kahate haiM / naiyAyika donoM ko parataH mAnate haiM / jaina nahIM rahatI / ataH ye pratyakSa pramANa haiN| dArzanika kathaMcit svataH aura kathaMcit parataH svIkAra karate haiN| tattvArtha sUtra meM, vAcaka umAsvAti ne pAMca AcArya thAdideva sUri pramANa-naya-tatvAloka jJAnoM ko do pramANoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-pratyakSa ( 30 )

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aura parokSa / jaina nyAya ke pitAmaha AcArya siddha- jAna lenA, kevalajJAna / prastuta grantha meM avadhi, manaH sena divAkara ne apane nArikAtmaka nyAyAvatAra paryAya aura kevala kA alaga lakSaNa nahIM diyA hai / prantha meM pramANa ke sIdhe tIna bheda kiye haiM-pratyakSa, kevala bhedoM kI gaNanA kI hai| anumAna aura Agama / pratIta hotA hai, ki nyAyA- parIkSAmukha meM dvitIya samuhezya meM 12 sUtra vatAra para sAMkhya mata kA prabhAva hai| pramANa ke isa haiN| unameM pratyakSa ke bheda-prabheda die gae haiN| prakAra ke bheda anya kisI digambara tathA zvetAmbara pAramAthika ke bheda to kie haiM lekina unake AcArya ne nahIM kiye| ataH ye bheda jaMna nyAya meM svatantra lakSaNa nahIM die gae hai| yahAM para nyAya sthAna na pA ske| kyoMki jana nyAya kI apanI ratnasAra ne parIkSAmukha sUtra anusAra kiyA hai| prakRti alaga thI / isa paddhati kA kisI bhI AcArya pramANanayatatvAloka meM vAdideva sUri ne pramANa ne anukaraNa athavA anusaraNa nahIM kiyaa| ke pratyakSa aura parokSa bheda karake sAMvyavahArika ___ nyAyaratnasAra meM pramANa ke do bheda haiM- ke bheda-prabheda die hai, aura alaga-alaga lakSaNa bhI pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa kyA hai ? jisa jJAna die / avagraha mAdi ke bhedoM ke lakSaNa bhI die / spaSTa pratibhAsa hotA hai, vaha hai| pAramArthika pratyakSa ke bheda-prabheda bhI die haiN| pratyakSa pramANa hai| pratyakSa ko do bheda haiM-sAMvyava- avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevalajJAna ke lakSaNa hArika aura pAramAthika / sAMvyavahArika kisako bahatahI sandara die haiN| pramANa ke do bheda-pratyakSa kahate haiM ? saMvyavahAra kA artha hai-lokAnukUla aura parokSa mAnane kI paramparA jainoM kI apanI vyvhaar| maMtra Adi indriya aura mana ke dvArA paddhati hai| do bhedoM meM saba pramANoM ko sameTa padArtha kA jo ekadeza nirmala jJAna hotA hai, vaha liyA gayA hai| pramANoM ko saMkhyA sabavI bhinnasAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai| isake do bheda haiM- bhinna hai| indriyajanya aura manojanya / indriyajanya sAMdhyaba- cArvAka-eka pratyakSa / baura do-pratyakSa aura hArika pratyakSa meM indriyoM kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai anamAna / vaizeSika tIna-pratyakSa, anumAna aura aura manojanya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM mana ko Amama / naiyAyika cAra---pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama pradhAnatA rahatI hai| nyAyaratnasAra ke dvitIya / aura upamAna / prAbhAkara mImAMsaka pAMca-pratyakSa, adhyAya ke chaThe sUtra meM jJAnendriya ke pAMca bheda haiN| anamAna, Agama, upamAna aura arthApatti / sAtaveM sUtra meM indriyoM ke do bheda haiM-dravya aura bhATTa mImAMsaka chaha-pratyakSa, anumAna,Agama, upabhAva 1 sUtra 8 meM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke cAra bheda mAna,arthApatti aura abhAva / jaina do-pratyakSa aura haiM-- avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA / adhyAya 2 parokSa / bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke samasta vicAroM sutra 14 meM pAramArthika pratyakSa ke do bheda hai-sakala kA sAra ina vibhAgoM meM A jAtA hai| bauddha bhI aura vikala / vikala ke do bheda haiM--avadhi aura do pramANa mAnate haiM / parantu dUsarA anumAna mAnate manaHparyAya / sakala kA artha hai- kevalajJAna | vaha haiM / lekina yaha vibhAjana adhUrA hai| kyoMki upaeka hI hotA hai| ___ mAna aura Agama Adi kA samAveza anumAna meM __ avadhipUrvaka rUpo pudgala kA jJAna, jo ki kaise hogA? parokSa meM to samAveza ho jAtA hai| indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hotA hai, anya bhI sambhava Adi pramANa parokSa meM samAhita vaha abadhijJAna hai| dUsare ke manogata bhAvoM ko ho jAte haiN| spaSTa jAna lenA, manaHparyAya zAna hai / samasta dravyoM AcArya hemacandra sUri ne apanI pramANa mImAMsA ko, unake guNoM ko, unakI paryAyoM ko yugapat meM pramANa ke do bheda kie haiM--pratyakSa aura parokSa /

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pratyeka pramANa ke avAMtara bheda bhI kie haiN| pratyakSa bheda haiM-pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa ke bhedake sAMvyavahArika bhedoM meM avagraha Adi ke bhedoM ke prabhedoM kA kathana kiyA jA cukA hai / parokSa pramANoM lakSaNa alaga haiN| pAramArthika bhedoM meM avadhi, manaH ke bheda aura prabhedoM kA varNana isa prakAra haiparyAya aura kevala ke lakSaNa alaga haiN| isa prakAra parIkSAmukha grantha meM parokSa pramANa kA kathana pramANa carcA kAphI lambI hai| vaha apane Apa meM veM satroM meM kiyA hai| pramANanayAtatvaloka meM paripUrNa bhI hai / sarbajJa kI carcA bhI hai / sUtroM kI 106 sUtroM meM kiyA gayA hai| pramANa-mImAMsA meM vRtti meM vistAra se darzanAntaroM kI mAnyatA kA 23 sUtroM meM kiyA hai| nyAyaratnasAra meM 73 sUtroM khaNDana bhI joradAra kiyA gayA hai| meM kiyA hai| nyAya rattasAra meM na bahuta saMkSepa hai nyAyaratnasAra ke dvitIya adhyAya ke sUtra 15, aura na bahuta vistAra hai| madhyama zailI ko 16, 17 meM sarvajJa kI siddhi ko hai| kahA gayA hai svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ina granthoM meM vicAra kA ki arhana meM hI kebalajJAna kA sadbhAva hotA hai| antara to hai nhiiN| zabdoM kA antara avazya hai / kevalajJAna jisa meM vahI paramAtmA hai| kyoMki vaha jaise ki kisI ne smRti zabda diyA hai, to kisI ne sarvajJa hai / vaha sarvajJa kyoM hai ? kyoMki vaha sarvathA smaraNa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| kisI meM pratyanirdoSa hai| usameM na rAga hai, usameM na dvaSa hai| bhijJAna diyA hai, to kisI ne pratyabhijJA zabda vaha nirdoSa kyoM hai ? kyoMki usake vacanoM meM kisI rakhA hai / kisI ne tarka zabda diyA hai, to kisI ne prakAra kA virodha nahIM aataa| unake bacana meM, Uha zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| kisI ne Agama Agama meM kisI bhI pramANa se bAdhA nahIM AtI 1 zabda diyA hai, to kisI ne zabda pramANa kA prayoga bAdhA kyoM nahIM AtI? ayoMki unakA jo abhi- kiyA hai| anumAna zabda kA prayoga sabane kiyA mata tatva hai, vaha kisI bhI prasiddha pramANa se bAdhita hai| zabdAntara karane se bhAvAntara nahIM ho jAtA / nahIM ho pAtA hai| ataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki vaha bhAva sabakA eka hI hai| sarvajJa hai, kevalI hai, sarvadarzI hai, paramAtmA hai| parokSa pramANa ke lakSaNa meM bheda dekhA jAtA hai| kintu parokSa kA lakSaNa kyA ho sakatA hai, jo sabako nyAyaratnasAra ke adhyAya 2, sUtra 18 meM kahA mAnya ho| AcArya mANikyanandi ne pratyakSa kA lakSaNa gayA hai ki kabalAhAra aura sarvajJa meM kisI bhI kiyA-'vizadaM pratyakSam' lekina parokSa kA lakSaNa prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai / digambara kevalI ko nahIM viyaa| kevala itanA khaa-'prokssmitrt|' kavalAhAra nahIM mAnate haiN| zvetAmbara mAnate haiN| pratyakSa se bhinna parokSa hotA hai| 'avizada parokSama' yaha carcA bahuta purAnI hai / paramparA calI A rahI kahanA caahie| AcArya vAdideva sUri ne khaahai| saMkSepa meM usakI carcA yahA~ kara dI gaI hai| spaSTa pratyakSam' aura 'aspaSTaM parokSam / ' AcArya granthakAra apane grantha meM ukta viSaya kI carcA karate hemacandra sari ne pratyakSa kA lakSaNa kiyA-'vizadaH rahe haiN| inhoMne bhI apane nyAyaratnasAra meM usa pratyakSam' aura parokSa kA lakSaNa kiyA-'avizadaH carcA ko uThAyA hai / usakA takau ko dvArA samA- parokSam / ' palliga zabda kA prayoga kyoM kiyA? dhAna bhI kiyA hai / pAThaka mUla grantha meM par3ha leN| pratyakSaM to napuMsakaliMga hai| lekina hemacandra sUri tIsarA adhyAya ne samyaga artha nirNaya ko pramANa kA lakSaNa kahA thaa| nirNaya zabda pulliga hai| ataH 'vizadaH' jaina nyAya meM pramANoM kA jo vibhAjana kiyA zabda kA prayoga manucita nahIM hai| mANikyanandi hai, vaha anya darzanoM ke vibhAga se bhinna prakAra kA hai, ne vizada ko pratyakSa jJAna kA vizeSaNa mAnA hai / aura vilakSaNa bhI hai| mukhya rUpa se pramANa ke do ataH vaha bhI galata nahIM kahA jaataa|

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nyAya ratnasAra meM pratyakSa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra vaha smaraNa hai| pUrva anubhUta vastu ko jAnanA / kiyA-'vizadAtma svarUpaM jJAnaM pratyakSam / ' parokSa jaise vaha parvata, jise pahale dekhA thA / smaraNa dhAraNA kA lakSaNa kiyA- 'vezadyavihInaM jJAnaM parokSam / ' ye rUpa saMskAra ke prabuddha hone para utpanna hai| kucha donoM lakSaNa hI nirdoSa nahIM hai| pratyakSa ke lakSaNa AcArya smaraNa ko pramANa nahIM mAnate | yadi smameM Atma aura svarUpa zabdoM kA prayoga ThIka nahIM raNa ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jAegA, to anumAna kyoMki Atma aura svarUpa donoM kA eka hI artha bhI pramANa nahIM bana skegaa| kyoMki anamAna hai| donoM vyartha vizeSaNa haiM / isakI apekSA "vizadaM vyApti ke smaraNa se utpanna hotA hai| loka vyavajJAnaM pratyakSam' itanA hI paryApta thaa| parokSa kA lakSaNa hAra bhI smaraNa ke AdhAra para calatA hai / bhI ThIka nahIM / kyoMki vazadya vihIna' isakI apekSA pratyabhijJAna kyA hai ? pratyakSa aura smaraNa se avizada itanA hI paryApta thaa| pahale vizada se utpanna tathA saMkalanAtmaka jo jJAna, vaha pratyabhijJAna vaizadya banAyA, phira bihIna zabda jodd'aa| itanI kahA jAtA hai| jaise yaha vahI jinadatta hai| yaha lambI prakriyA svIkAra karane para bhI samasyA vahI gAya hai| kala jinadatta ko dekhA thA, Aja sulajhI nahIM / bAta spaSTa na ho sakI / pAThaka ulajha phira vaha phira sAmane aayaa| jisa gAya jAtA hai| ko kala dekhA, use hI Aja dekha rahA huuN| sUtra zailI kI dRSTi se bhI yaha lakSaNa ThIka nahIM pratyabhijJAna aneka prakAra hotA hai| jaise sAdRzya kahA jA sktaa| satra meM prAbda kama se kama hoM aura pratyabhijJAna, ekatva prtybhijnyaan| naMyAyika upamAna artha gambhIra ho| ataeva pUrvakathita lakSaNa ThIka ko svatantra pramANa mAnate haiM / yaha Toka nhiiN| kyoMki hai| nyAyaratnasAra ke donoM lakSaNa-pratyakSa kA jaise sAdRzya ko jAnane vAlA bhI pramANa hai, to bhI tathA parokSa kA bhI-ThIka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ekatA aura vilakSaNatA ko jAnane vAlA bhI pramANa pAThaka samajha nahIM paataa| parokSa ke lakSaNa meM pUrva honA cAhie / phira to pramANoM kI saMkhyA kA pAra AcAryoM ne avizada, aspaSTa zabdoM kA jo prayoga hI nahIM rhegaa| ataH upamAna svatantra pramANa nahIM kiyA hai, vaha sarvathA upayukta hai| parokSa jJAna meM, ho sktaa| anya kisI jAna ko kAraNa bananA par3atA hai| jaise takaM kyA hai ? trikAlavI sAdhya-sAdhana ke smati meM pUrva anubhava kAraNa hai| pratyabhijJAna meM avinAbhAva sambandha ko arthAta vyApti ko batAne pUrva smRti aura vartamAna kA anubhava kAraNa hai| taka bAlA jo jJAna hai, usako tarka kahate haiM / yaha isake meM vyApti jJAna kAraNa hai| parvata para agni ke anu- hone para ho hotA hai, agni ke abhAva meM dhUma nahIM mAna meM dhUma kA pabeta para pratyakSa kAraNa hai| ataH hotaa| kaha isakA nAmAMtara hai| tarka meM vyApti parokSa pramANa ke lakSaNa meM avizada ari aspaSTa kA honA Avazyaka zabdoM kA prayoga karanA ucita hai / pratyakSa pramANa meM anya jJAna kAraNa nahIM hotaa| ataH vaha vizada evaM __vyApti kyA hai ? jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai, vahA~spaSTa hai| vahA~ agni hotI hai / isa prakAra ke avinAbhAva sambandha ko vyApti kahate haiN| yaha avinAbhAva parokSa pramANa ke pA~ca bheda haiM-smaraNa, pratya- sambandha kAlika hotA hai| jisa jJAna se isa bhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama | sambandha kA nirNaya hotA hai, use takaM kahate hai| smaraNa kyA hai ? dhAraNA rUpa saMskAra ke prabuddha takaM jJAna upalambha aura anupalambha se utpanna hotA hone para pUrva padArtha ko jAnane 'vAlA jo jJAna, hai|

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upalambha kyA hai ? dhUma aura agni ko eka sAtha dekhanA upalambha hai| anupalambha kyA hai ? agni ke abhAva meM dhUma kA abhAva jAnanA anupa lambha hai| tarka jJAna ko yadi pramANa na mAnA jAe, to anumAna pramANa kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI tarka se dhUma aura agni kA avinAbhAva sambandha nizcita ho jAne para hI dhUma se agni kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH anumAna ko pramANa mAnane vAloM ko tarka bhI mAnanA hogaa| tarka ke abhAva meM anumAna kI utpatti sambhava hI nahIM hai / naiyAdhika bhI anumAna evaM vyApti jJAna meM tarka ko sahakArI svIkAra karate haiN| jainadarzana meM tarka ko svatantra pramANa mAnA gayA hai| se, anumAna kyA hai ? sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna hone se anupAna kA mana hai| ghanase, sAdhya kA, agni kA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha anumAna hai | isako liMga se liMga kA jJAna bhI kaha sakate haiN| kyoMki vaha sAdhya jJAna hI agni Adi ke ajJAna ko dUra karatA hai / sAdhana jJAna anumAna nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha to sAdhana sambandhI ajJAna ko dUra nahIM kara sakatA hai | ataH naiyAyikoM kA yaha kathana saMgata nahIM hai ki liMga jJAna anumAna hai| jaina nyAya meM vyAptismaraNa sahita liMga jJAna ko anumAna pramANa kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAnate haiM / anumAna do prakAra kA hai-- svArthAnumAna evaM parArthAnu mAna / anumAna ke do bheda sabhI svIkAra karate haiM / vaidika bauddha aura jaina dArzanika / svArthAnumAna kyA hai ? svayaM hI jAne hue sAdhana se sAdhya ke jJAna hone ko svArthAnumAna kahate haiM / svArthAnumAna ke tIna aga haiM- dharmI, sAdhya aura sAdhana / sAdhana sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai | ataeva vaha gamaka rUpa se aMga hai / sAdhya sAdhana ke dvArA gamya hotA hai| vaha gamya rUpa se aMga hai| dharmI arthAt pakSa sAdhya dharma kA AdhAra hotA hai / yaha sAdhyadharma ke vyAdhAra rUpa se aMga hotA hai / svArthA numAna ke do aMga haiM-- pakSa aura hetu / yahA~ donoM ( jagaha vivakSA kA bheda hai / kevala kathana kI zailI kA hI bheda hai / parArthAnumAna kyA hai ? dUsare ke upadeza kI apekSA ko lekara sAdhana se sAdhya kA jo jJAna hotA hai, use parArthAnumAna kahate haiN| jaise yaha parvata agni vAlA hone ke yogya hai, kyoMki vaha ghUma bAlA hai parArthAnumAna meM kAraNIbhUta vAkya ke do avayava haiM * pratijJA aura hetu / kahIM udAharaNa bhI haiN| vahIM para upanaya aura nigamana bhI ho sakate haiN| nyAyazAstra meM avayavoM kI carcA bahuta lambI hai / sAdhana kyA hai ? jisakI sAdhya ke sAtha anya - thAnupapatti arthAt avinAbhAva nizcita hai, use sAdhana kahate haiN| sAdhya kyA hai ? zakya, abhipreta aura aprasiddha ko sAdhya kahate haiM / yaha anyathAnupapatti ke nizcaya rUpa eka lakSaNa yAlA hetu saMkSepa meM do prakAra kA hai vidhirUpa aura pratiSedharUpa / vidhirUpa hetu bhI do haiM- vidhi sAdhaka aura pratiSedha sAdhaka / pratiSedha rUpa ke bhI do bheda haiM-- vidhi sAdhaka aura pratiSedha sAdhaka 1 hetvAbhAsa kyA hai ? jo hetu ke lakSaNa se rahita hai, kintu hetu jaisA pratIta hotA hai, use hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM / ve cAra prakAra haiM- asiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika aura akiMcitkara / nyAyazAstra ke sabhI sampradAyoM ne anumAna ko pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai / cAvaki anumAna ko pramANa nahIM maantaa| caturtha adhyAya nyAyaratnasAra ke caturtha adhyAya meM AcArya ne parokSa pramANa ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se paJcama bheda Agama pramANa kA bheda kiyA hai, usakA lakSaNa bhI batAyA hai| darzanAntaroM meM isako zabda pramANa kahA gayA hai / cArvAka aura bauddha ko chor3akara sabhI ne Agama athavA zabda ko pramANa mAnA hai / boddha anumAna meM hI isakA samAveza kara lete haiM / cArvAka sarvathA inkAra karatA hai, vaha pratyakSa ke atirikta anya pramANa nahIM mAnatA / 34 )

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caturtha adhyAya meM saptabhaMgI kA vistAra se hotA hai / padoM kA vahI samUha vAkya kahA jAtA hai, varNana kiyA hai / sthADhAda aura saptabhaMgI jaina darzana jo yogya artha kA bodha karA sakatA ho| ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta haiM / vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa sapta bhaMgI kyA hai ? kisI eka hI vastu meM, ko sapajhane ke lie saptabhaMgI ko samajhanA parama kisI eka dharma sambandhI prazna ke anurodha se Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| sAta prakAra ke vacana prayoga ko saptabhaMgI kahate caturtha adhyAya meM tIsarA viSaya hai, pramANa kI haiN| vaha vacana 'syAt' pada se yukta hotA hai, usameM viSayabhUta vastu kA svarUpa / yadi vastu ke svarUpa kahIM vidhi hotI hai| kahIM niSedha hotA hai| kahIM no samyaka prakAra se nahIM samajhA, to saba vyartha hai| para ubhaya bhI hote haiM / yahI hai. saptabhaMgI / jaisevastu kyA hai ? vastu anekAntAtmaka hai| vastu meM 1. syAt asti ghaTaH aneka dharma eka sAtha rahate haiN| una sabakA eka 2. syAt nAsti ghaTaH sAtha bodha sambhava nahIM hai| mukhya-gauNa bhAva se hI 3. syAt asti-nAsti ghaTaH unakA parijJAna hotA hai| vastutaH yahI to sapta 4. syAt avaktavyo ghaTaH bhaMgI kA viSaya rahA hai / 5. syAt asti avaktavyo ghaTaH ___ Agama pramANa kyA hai ? Apta puruSa ke bacana 6. syAt nAsti avaktavyo ghaTaH se hone vAle padArtha ke jJAna ko Agama kahate haiM / 7. syAt asti nAsti avaktavyo ghaTaH 1. vidhi kI kalpanA se prathama bhaMga upacAra se Apta kA vacana bhI Agama kahA jAtA 2. niSedha kI kalpanA se dvitIya bhaMga hai / Apta kyA hai ? prAmANika puruSa ko Apta puruSa 3. kramazaH vidhi-niSedha kalpanA se tRtIya bhaMga kahate haiM / Apta puruSa ke zabdoM ko sunakara zrotA ko padArthoM kA jo jJAna hotA hai, usI jJAna ko Agama 4. yugapat vidhi-niSedha kalpanA se caturtha bhaMga kahate haiN| ataH zabda kAraNa haiM, aura jJAna kArya / 5. yugapat vidhi kalpanA se paMcama bhaMga kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karane se Apta ke vacana 6. yugapat niSedha kalpanA se SaSTha bhaMga bhI Agama haiN| 7. kramazaH vidhi-niSedha kalpanA se saptama bhaMga saptabhaMgI ke do bheda haiM--sakalAdeza saptamithyA bhASaNa ke do kAraNa haiM-ajJAna aura bhaMgI aura dikalAdeza sptbhNgii| jo saptabhaMgI kaSAya / manuSya kisI vastu kA svarUpa samajha binA pramANa ke adhIna hotI hai, vaha sakalAdeza aura jo yadi kathana karatA hai, to usakA kathana miyA naya ke adhIna hotI hai, vaha vikalAdeza sptbhNgii| hogaa| parantu jisakA jJAna yathArtha hai, aura tadanusAra hI kathana hai, to vaha kabhI mithyA nahIM hogA / paJcama adhyAya sarvajJa kA kathana sarvathA yathArtha hI hotA hai / ataH __nyAyaratnasAra grantha ke paJcama adhyAya meM vaha Apta hai, usakA kathana bhI yathArtha hotA hai| pramANa-phala para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pramANa vacana kyA hai ? varNa, pada tathA vAkyarUpa vacana sAmAnya kA kyA phala hai ? vizeSa pramANoM kA kyA hotA hai| paraspara sApekSa vargoM ke samUha ko pada phala hai| usake bAda AbhAsoM kA varNana kiyA gayA kahate haiN| padoM ke samUha ko vAkya kahate haiM / ye hai| jaise pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa / pratyakSAbhAsa varNa bhASA vargaNA ke pudgala dravya se banate haiN| aura parokSAbhAsa / anumAna aura anumAnAbhAsa / phira pada aura phira vAkya / jaise mahAvIra yaha varNa Agama aura AgamAbhAsa / hetu aura hetvaabhaas| samUhapada hai, kyoMki isase vardhamAna ke artha kA bodha AcArya vAdideva mUri aura AcArya hemacandra

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sUri ne hetvAbhAsa tIna mAne haiM-asiddha viruddha sadAtmaka bhI hai| jaina nyAya-zAstra kA mukhya viSaya aura anaikAntika / nyAyaratna sAra meM bhI tIna anekAntavAda hI hai| ataH anekAtmaka vastu hI hetvAbhAsa svIkRta haiM / AcArya ne ubhayAcAryoM kA pramANa kA viSaya hai / anasaraNa kiyA hai| betAmbara vidvAnoM ne tIna hI pramANa kA phala kyA hai? phala do prakAra kA devAbhAsa svIkAra kiye haiN| parIkSAmukha meM cAra hotA hai-sAkSAtphala aura paramparAphala / sAkSAhetvAbhAsa mAne haiM-asiddha, viruddha, anekAntika phala hai-ajJAna kI niyatti / ajJAna kA nAza aura akiMcitkara / yaha digambara paramparA hai| hote hI vastu kA yathArtha jJAna ho jAtA hai / paramparA nyAya-zAstra meM pAMca hetvAbhAsa mAne gaye haiM- phala tIna prakAra ke haiM heya buddhi, upAdeya buddhi aura anekAnta, asiddha, viruddha, satpratipakSa aura abAdhita upekSA buddhi / viSayatva / kezava mizrakRta tarka bhASA meM, annaM bhaTTa pramANa kA phala. pramANa se bhinna bhI hai aura kRta taka saMgraha meM aura vizvanAthakRta siddhAnta abhinna bhI hai| kyoMki jo AtmA prameya ko pramANa maktAvalI meM pA~ca prakAra ke hetvAbhAsa svIkRta hai| se yathArtha rUpa meM jAnatA hai. usI ke ajJAna kI hetvAbhArA kA varNana nyAya-zAstra kA eka viziSTa mivatti hotI hai| vahI choDatA hai, vahI grahaNa karatA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| hai| vahI upekSA bhI karatA hai / jaina darzana kA yahI dravya, guNa aura paryAya-ye tInoM jaMna darzana ke kathana hai / pramANa ke viSaya meM cAra bAta kahI haiMmukhya viSaya haiN| binA inake samajhe, jaina darzana ko svarUpa, saMkhyA, viSaya aura phala / inake viparIta aura nyAya ko rAmadAnA, sambhava nahIM hai / dravya AbhAsa hai| AbhAsa cAra prakAra kA hogAarthAt vastu sAmAgya-vizeSAtmaka hai / sAmAnya kyA svarUpAbhAsa, saMkhyAbhAsa, viSayAmAsa aura phalAhai ? aura vizeSa kyA hai ? padArtha meM sadRzatA kI bhAsa / pratIti utpanna karane vAlA sAmAnya hai, aura visa- tattvArtha sUtra meM vAcaka umAsvAti ne kahA haidRzatA kI pratIti utpanna karane vAlA vizeSa hai| pramANa aura naya se vastu kA adhigama arthAt yathArtha vastU kA svarUpa hai-utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya / / paribodha hotA hai| pramANa kA vivecana kiyA jA vastu paryAyarUpa se utpanna hotI hai, aura naSTa bhI cUkA hai / naya kA varNana karanA zeSa hai / jaina darzana hotI hai| dravya rUpa meM vaha dhra ba bhI hai| ataeva meM nayoM kA vizeSa varNana kiyA jAtA hai| nayavAda vastu anekadharmAtmaka haiN| vastu meM jo sAmAnya aMza anya darzanoM meM mAnya nahIM hai / ataH nayavAda jaina hai, vaha dravya hai| vastu meM jo vizeSa aza hai, vaha darzana kI apanI vizeSatA hai / vastu ko yathArtha rUpa paryAya hai / paryAya kyA hai ? guNa kA pariNamana hI meM dekhane ke do netra haiM-pramANa aura naya / ataH paryAya hai / sahabhAvI dharma guNa kahA jAtA hai / krama- kahA gayA hai, ki pramANa aura naya se vastu kA adhibhAvI dharma ko paryAya' kahate haiM / isa prakAra kI bastu gama hotA hai| hI pramANa kA viSaya hotI hai| chaThA adhyAya sAMkhya sAmAnya ko mAnate haiM, vizeSa ko nhiiN| nyAyaratnamAra ke isa antima chaThe adhyAya meM bauddha vizeSa ko hI vastu mAnate haiM, sAmAnya ko mukhya rUpa se naya, saMkhyA, phala aura tathA bhAsoM kA nahIM / jaina sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko vastu kA varNana kiyA hai| naya saptabhaMgI kA bhI kathana kiyA dharma mAnate haiM / ataH jaina anekAntavAdI haiM, ekAnta- gayA hai / nayoM ke bheda-prabheda haiM-dravyArthika naya aura vAdo nhiiN| vastu kI siddhi anekAnta se hI ho paryAyAthika naya / zabdanaya aura arthanaya / nizcaya sakatI hai / vastu bhedAbhedAtmaka bhI hai| vastu sada- naya aura vyavahAranaya /

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pramAtA ke svarUpa kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| cAritra se samasta karma kSaya rUpa mokSa prApta hotA mokSa kyA hai ? use prApta karane kI yogyatA kyA haiN| vaha ajara-amara ho jAtA hai| hai ? vAda kathA kA svarUpa aura usake bhedoM kA bhI sAdhaka ko vAda, jalpa evaM vitaNDA meM nahIM saMkSepa meM kathana kara diyA gayA hai| par3anA caahie| kathA ke do bheda haiM-tatvanirNaya naya kyA hai ? zratajJAna dvArA jJAta padArtha, padArtha tathA vijigISA / jaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanA ko chor3a kA eka dhama, anya dharme ko gauNa karake. jisa kara sAdhaka ko sadA vItarAga kathA meM tallIna aura abhiprAya se jJAtA ke vizeSa bhAva ko jAnA jAtA ekAgra honA cAhie / hai, usa abhiprAya vizeSa ko naya kahate haiN| isake nyAyaratnasAra jo viparIta ho, usako nayAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| AcArya pravara jaina dharma divAkara pUjyazrI ghAsI naya ke do prakAra hai-dhyAsanaya Ara samAsa lAlajI mahArAja kRta nyAyaratnasAra grantha jena naya / vyAsanaya ke aneka bheda-prabheda hote haiM / samAsa __nyAya kA eka sundara, sarala aura samIcIna graMtha hai, naya do prakAra kA hai-dradhyAthikanaya aura dUsarA . jisameM SaT adhyAya haiM, sUtra saMkhyA 217 hai / akSara paryAyAthikanaya / vyAsa kA artha hai-vistAra / samAsa , ___ kama aura artha gambhIra hai| sUtroM kI bhASA prAMjala kA artha hai-sNkssp| dravya ko mukhya rUpa se viSaya hai, usameM sahaja pravAha hai| nyAyazAstra ke samasta karane vAlA dravyAthika / paryAya ko mukhya rUpa se padArthoM kA isameM samAveza ho gayA hai| viSaya karane vAlA naya paryAyAdhika hotA hai| pramANa aura prameya mukhya viSaya haiM / pramANa kA dravyAthika naya ke tIna bheda haiM-negama, saMgraha lakSaNa, pramANa kI saMkhyA, pramANa kA viSaya aura aura vyavahAra / paryAyAthika naya ke cAra bheda haiM agANa kA phala-ina samasta viSayoM kA manogrAhI RjusUtra, zabda, samAMbharUda aura evaMbhUta / ina sAta varNana AcAryazrI ne kiyA hai / pramANa vibhAjana kI nayoM meM pahale ke cAra naya padArtha kA nirUpaNa karane paddhati tathA pramANa ke bheda-prabheda kI paddhati jaina bAle haiM / mataH ve arthanaya haiM / antima tIna naya paramparA evaM usakI mAnyatA ke anukUla hai| zabda ke vAcya artha ko viSaya karane vAle haiN| isa prAcIna AcAryoM ne jisa paddhati kA nirmANa kiyA kAraNa unheM zabdanaya kahate haiN| ina sAta nayoM meM thA, vahI paddhati AcArya pravara ne svIkAra kI hai| pahale-pahale ke naya adhika-adhika viSaya bAle haiM, aura pichale-pichale kama viSaya vAle haiN| prathama grantha 'nyAyaratnasAra' meM mUla sUtra aura unakA ati saMkSipta evaM sarala artha diyA gayA hai| ___ naya vAkya bhI apane viSaya meM pravRtti karatA chAtra AsAnI se sUtroM ke bhAva ko grahaNa kara letA haA, vidhi aura niSedha kI vivakSA se saptabhaMgI hai| jaise grantha ke sUtra sarala haiM, vaise ho unakA artha ko prApta hotA hai / vikalAdeza naya vAkya hotA hai| bhI sarala evaM sabodhya hai| jaina nyAya kA abhyAsa naya saptabhaMgI meM 'syAt aura eva' pada lagAyA jAtA karane vAloM ke lie yaha kRti atyanta upayogI hai| jaise 'syAt anitya evaM ghaTa: / ' naya kA phala siddha hogii| bhI ajJAna kI nivRtti hI mAnA gayA hai| sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM, sUtrAtmaka nyAya kA pramAtA kyA hai ? cetana, kartA, bhoktA, svadeha yaha prathama grantha hai| digambara paramparA ke parIkSA parimANa aura pratizarIra bhinna jo jIva hai, vaha mukha tathA zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA ke pramANapramAtA hai / mokSa kyA hai ? puruSa zarIra athavA strI nayatatvAlokAlaMkAra se bhI adhika spaSTa, adhika zarIra pAne vAle AtmA ko samyagjJAna aura samyak- sarala aura adhika buddhigamya hai--yaha laghukAya graMtha / ( 37 )

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terApanthI paraparA kA nyAya grantha 'bhikSu nyAya kaNikA' bhI eka laghukAya sundara grantha kahA jA sakatA hai| nyAya ratna yaha nayA graMtha nahIM hai / nyAyaratna para jo TIkA hai, usakA nAma hai-- nyAyaratnAvalI aura isI graMtha para AcArya pravara ghAsIlAlajI ma. kI vizAlakAya TIkA hai - syAdvAda mArtaNDa / ataH eka hI grantha ke tIna rUpa haiM - mUla sUtra, laghvI TIkA aura bRhatI TIkA / vastutaH yaha vAdideva sUri kA anukaraNa hai / unakA mUla grantha hai, pramANanapatattvAlokAlaMkAra sUtra / usakI laghvI TIkA hai, ratnAva rAvatArikA / bRhatI TIkA hai, syAdvAda - rtnaakr| isI paddhati ko AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI ma. ne apanAyA hai / isa prayatna meM ve saphala bhI hue haiM / nyAyaratnAvalI meM nyAyaratnasAra se adhika sAmagrI prastuta kI hai / kahIM-kahIM para prAcIna paddhati se anya sampradAyoM kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai, magara saumya evaM saMyata bhASA meM / kevalI kabalAhAra ko lekara digambara sampradAya kA khaNDana kiyA hai / AcArya ne kahA hai- kevalajJAna aura kabalAhAra meM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai / granthakAra AcArya ne dUsarA khaNDana kiyA hai mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbara sampradAya kA | AcArya ne kahA hai - mukha para mukhavastrikA bA~dhe binA vAyukAya kI yatanA nahIM ho sakatI / yatanA ke abhAva meM saMyama nahIM ho sakatA hai / saMyama ke binA mokSa nahIM ho sakatA / ataH sadoraka mukhavastrikA ko svIkAra karo / terApantha sampradAya ke sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kI carcA athavA AkSa epa nahIM uThAyA hai / anyathA, dayA aura dAna ko lekara unakA bhI khaNDana kiyA jA sakatA thA lekina Aja ke yuga meM ye tInoM hI prayatna anyathA siddha ho cuke haiN| va ta sevA zruta sevA kA artha hai- sAhitya sarjanA | sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya ke AcAryoM meM sarvAdhika ta sevA - jaina dharma divAkara AcArya pravara pUjya bAsI lAlajI mahArAja ne kI hai| sthAnakavAsI mAnya 32 AgamoM para saMskRta TIkA, niryukti, bhASya aura cUrNi grantha likhakara unhoMne kamAla kara diyaa| phira hindI aura gujarAtI TIkAe~ bhI kI haiN| eka hI vyakti ne aneka AcAryoM kA aneka granthakAroM kA kAma kara dikhaayaa| sAhitya-sarjanA meM ve eka prakAra se samrATa hai, samartha haiM / unhoMne kI hai| zrAvaka dharma para unhoMne gAthAbaddha saMskRta evaM prAkRta granthoM kI svatantra racanA bhI graMtha kI racanA kI, usI meM sAdhu dharma kI bhI racanA hai| nyAya viSaya para nyAya ratna kI kRti prastuta hai / hai / phira usa para saMskRta tathA hindI TIkA bhI kI aneka saMskRta evaM prAkRta stotroM kI racanA kI / vardhamAna bhaktAmara unako eka amara kRti hai / prAkRta vyAkaraNa aura prAkRta koSa bhI unhoM ne banAyA hai / sAhitya kI samasta vidhAoM para unakI kalama calI hai / vastutaH AcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. isa bIsavIM zatI ke sarvAdhika samartha sAhityakAra haiM / ve isa vartamAna yuga ke AcArya hemabandra kahe jA sakate haiM / sthAnakavAsI samAja ke lie kAmadhenu haiM, surataru haiM aura cintAmaNi ratna haiM / sthAnakavAsI samAja ko samagra bhAva se AcArya zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma. para gaurava evaM garva honA caahie| yaha samAja kA mahAn sadbhAgya hai / jaina bhavana, lohAmaMDI AdarA 30-6-1682 ( 38 ) - vijaya muni zAstrI sAhityaratna

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anukramaNikA [nyAyaratnasAra laghuvyAkhyA] prathama adhyAya prathama adhyAya sUtra 1-13 pRSTha 1-6 pramANa kA svarUpa tathA lakSaNa sUtra 1-18 pRSTha 7-12 dvitIya adhyAya pramANa ke bhedopabheda pRSTha 13-33 tRtIya adhyAya parokSa pramANa ke bheda : unake vividha lakSaNa smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka evaM anumAna pramANa kA kathana pRSTha 34-44 caturtha adhyAya sUtra 1-36 AgamapramANa kA varNana : saptabhaMgI svarUpa pRSTha 45-58 paMcama adhyAya sUtra 1-40 pramANa ke phala-jJAna kA varNana SaSTha adhyAya sUtra 1-37 pRSTha 66-66 naya kA varNana ( 36 )

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nyAyaratnasAra nyAyaratnAvalI bRhat TIkA samanvita prathama adhyAya sUtra 1-13 pRSTha 1-16 maMgalAcaraNa : pramANa svarUpa-carcA dvitIya adhyAya sUtra 1-18 pRSTha 20-37 pratyakSa-parokSa Adi bheda se pramANa ke bhedopabheda kI carcA tRtIya adhyAya sUtra 1-73 pRSTha 38-81 parokSa pramANa ke anumAna Adi pramANoM kA prAmANya kathana caturtha adhyAya sUtra 1-36 pRSTha 82-124 Agama pramANa carcA paMcama adhyAya sUtra 1-41 pRSTha 125-167 pramANa-phala kI carcA SaSTha adhyAya sUtra 1-37 pRSTa 167-198 naya vivecana

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nyAyaratmasAra (hindI vyAkhyA-sahita) prathamo'dhyAyaH zrI varddhamAnaM guNaratna-dAnaM, guNAkaraM gautamamatra natvA / bAlopakArApa karomi samyaka zrI nyAyaratnaM muni ghAsilAlaH / / 1 / / artha-jJAnAdi guNarUpI ratnoM ko dene vAle zrI varddhamAna jinendra ko, evaM jJAnAdi guNoM ke Akara (khAnirUpa) munijanoM ke nAyaka zrI gautama gaNadhara ko mana, vacana aura kAya kI ekAgratApUrvaka namaskAra karake jaina nyAyazAstra se anabhijJa-aparicita-bAlajanoM ko janazAstra pratipAdita pramANa. prameya Adi padArthoM ke vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna karAne ke nimitta maiM muni ghAsIlAla isa nyAyaratna kI samyag rUpa se racanA karatA huuN| vyAkhyA-prastuta maGgalAcaraNa meM antima tIrthakara zrI varddhamAna jinendra ko aura unake prathama gaNadhara zrI gautama svAmI ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / maGgalAcaraNa karane kA mukhya uddezya prantha-nirmANa karane meM Agata vighnoM kA nivAraNa karanA hotA hai tathA ziSTAcAra kA pAlana aura kRtajJatA kA prakAzana karanA bhI hotA hai| pramANa kA svarUpa : sUtra-sva-para-vyavasAyi jJAnamabAdhitaM pramANam // 1 // artha sva aura para kA nirdoSa rUpa se nizcaya karane vAlA abAdhita jJAna hI pramANa kahalAtA hai| vyAkhyA hara eka padArtha kA nirNaya pramANa se hI hotA hai| isIliye padArthoM ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnane ke liye pramANa ko kasauTI jaisA kahA gayA hai, pramANa yadyapi bhinna-bhinna siddhAntakAroM ne bhinna-bhinna rUpa se mAne haiM, para jaina dArzanikoM ne eka sva aura para ke nizcAyaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai / sva zabda kA artha zAna kA svarUpa, aura para zabda kA artha jJeya padArtha jJAna ke dvArA jAnane yogya padArtha hai / isa taraha apane Apako jAnane vAlA aura padArthoM kA yathArtha rUpa se nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna hI pramANa hai aimA isa sUtra kA niSkarSArtha hai // 1 // jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnane meM yukti : natra-iSTAniSTa vastupAvAna-hAna kSamasvAjJAnameva pramANam / / 2 // ___ artha-iSTa--sukha aura sukha ke sAdhana evaM aniSTa-duHkha aura duHkha ke sAdhana ko kramazaH prApti karAne meM aura parihAra karAne meM jJAna hI samartha hotA hai| isaliye jJAna hI pramANa hai|

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2 / nyAyaratnasAra prathama adhyAya --- iSTa vastu kyA hai aura aniSTa vastu kyA hai, yaha batalA denA hI pramANa kA prayojana hai / yaha pramANa kA prayojana tabhI siddha ho sakatA hai ki jaba pramANa ko jJAnarUpa mAnA jAya / yadi pramANa jJAnarUpa nahIM hotA hai to yaha bAta nizcita hai ki usase iSTa aura aniSTa padArthoM meM upAdeya aura heyarUpa vRddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| jaba mANase aura kAra aura tiraskAra karAne kI buddhi utpanna hotI hai, to isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki vaha pramANa jJAna rUpa hI hai, sannikarSAdi rUpa nahIM hai, aisA svIkAra karanA caahie| isa taraha jJAna hI pramANa kyoM hai, sannikarSAdi pramANa kyoM nahIM hai ? isa bAta kA isa sUtra dvArA uttara diyA gayA hai / / 2 / / rSAdikoM meM pramANatA kA nirasana - sUtra-svArthanirNaye sAdhakatamatvavirahAd ghaTAderiva jaDasya prAmANyAbhAvaH // 3 // artha - jo jar3a hotA hai usameM pramANatA nahIM hotI hai, jaise- ghaTAdi / ghaTAdi padArtha jar3a haiM / isaliye ve pramANabhUta nahIM haiN| jo rava aura parasavArtha ke nirNana karane meM sAdhakatama hotA hai, pramANatA usI meM AtI hai. aura jo sva- apane Apake nizcaya karane meM aura padArtha ke nizcaya karane meM sAdhakatama nahIM hotA hai, usameM pramANatA nahIM AtI hai / vyAkhyA - aisA niyama hai ki jo apane Apako nahIM jAnatA hai vaha para-padArtha ko kaise jAna sakatA hai ? sannikarSa- indriya aura padArtha kA sambandha - cUMki jar3arUpa hai, ataH ghaTAdi kI taraha vaha na apanA nizcAyaka hotA hai aura na para-padArtha kA nizcAyaka hotA hai| isaliye sva aura para ke nirNaya karane meM akSama -- akaraNa hone se usameM pramANatA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / sva aura para ke nirNaya karane meM sAdhakatama jJAna hI hotA hai, sannikarSa nahIM kyoMki vaha jJAnarUpa nahIM hai, pratyuta jar3A hai| isIliye jJAna meM pramANatA aura sannikarSa meM apramANatA kahI gaI hai / / 3 / / jar3a meM sAdhakatamatA kA abhAva kathana :-- sUtra - cetanadharmavyatiriktasya sannikarSAdeH sva-paranirNaye svambhAderiva na sAdhakatamadhvam // 4 // artha--- vetanadharma se bhinna hone ke kAraNa sannikarSAdikoM meM sva aura para ke nirNaya karane ke prati stambha Adi kI taraha sAdhakatamatA nahIM hai / vyAkhyA -sva aura para ke nirNaya karane ke prati jar3a meM sAdhakatamatA nahIM hai aisA jo pUrva sUtra meM kahA gayA hai usI kA samarthana isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne kiyA hai isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki sannikarSAdi jar3a isaliye haiM ki ve cetanadharma se bhinna hai, jaisA ki cetanadharma se bhinna stambha hotA hai, ataH cetanadharma se bhinna hone ke kAraNa stambha meM jisa prakAra jar3atA hai, usI prakAra sannikarSAdi meM bhI jar3atA hai| jahA~ jahA~ cetanadharma se bhinnatA hotI hai, vahA~ vahA~ jar3atA hotI hai| sannikarSa isI prakAra kA hai, ataH usameM sAdhakatamatA nahIM AtI haiN| aisA mAnanA cAhiye / yahA~ sannikarSa meM pramANatA kA niSedha karane ke liye "vaha sva-nirNaya aura para kA nirNaya karane meM sAdhakatama nahIM hai" aisA jo tRtIya sUtra dvArA hetu rUpa se kahA gayA hai so yaha hetu prativAdI - sannikarSa pramANavAdI vaizeSika ko siddha nahIM hai, ataH yaha asiddha hai - so isa prakAra kI AzaGkA ko dUra karane ke nimitta yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki sannikarSa sva aura para ke nirNaya karane meM mAdhakatama dasaliye nahIM ho sakatA hai ki vaha vetanadharma se vyatirikta haiacetana hai / jo acetana hotA hai vaha stambhAdi kI taraha jaba apanA hI nirNaya nahIM kara sakatA hai to phira vaha para kA nirNaya kaise kara sakatA hai ? // 4 //

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nyAyararamasAra: prathama adhyAya jJAna meM sva-para vyavasAyAtmakatA kA kathana : sUtra-tavyavasAya svabhAvaM samAropa-tiraskArakatvAt // 5 // artha-pramANa rUpa se svIkRta huA vaha jJAna samAropa kA tiraskAra karane vAlA hone se nizcayAtmaka svabhAva vAlA hai| vyAkhyA---pramANa kA lakSaNa prakaTa karate samaya jJAna ko nizcayAtmaka svabhAva vAlA kahA gayA hai| usI kA samarthana isa sUtra dvArA yahA~ para isaliye kiyA gayA hai ki bauddha siddhAntakAroM ne nirvikalpaka jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA hai / jaMna siddhAnta meM jise darzanopayoga kahA gayA hai aura kevala sAmAnya ko jo viSaya karatA hai, usI kA nAma nirvikalpaka jJAna hai / so usa nirvikalpaka jJAna meM pramANatA kA niSedha karane ke liye yahA~ yaha suspaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki savikalpaka jJAna hI pramANa ho sakatA hai, nirvikalpaka jJAna nhiiN| kyoMki usake dvArA samAropa kA tiraskAra nahIM hotA hai, savikalpaka jJAna se hI samAropa kA tiraskAra-vinAza hotA hai / / 5 // savikalpaka jJAna meM pramANatA mAnane para saMzayAdi jJAnoM meM pramANatA kA niSedhaparaka kathana : sUtra-saMzayaviparyayAnadhyavasAyabhedAttrividhaH samAropaH / / 6 // artha -saMzaya, viparSaya aura anAdhyavasAya ke bheda se samAropa tIna prakAra kA hai| jo padArtha jasA hai, usakA vaisA jJAna nahIM honA, isakA nAma samAropa hai / vyAkhyA savikalpaka jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai, jaba aisA siddhAnta sthira ho gayA taba yaha svAbhAvika prazna hotA hai ki saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyabasAya ye saba bikalpAtmaka jJAna haiM, inheM bhI pramANa koTi meM AnA cAhiye, para ye to pramANa koTi se bahiSkRta kiye gaye haiN| ataH savikalpa jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai. yaha bAta sthira nahIM rahatI hai| so isa prakAra kI isa AzaGkA kA samAdhAna aisA hai ki saMzayAdi ye jJAna ke doSa haiN| jisa jJAna meM ye doSa rahate haiM, vaha jJAna pramANa koTi se bahiSkRta rahatA hai| pramANa kA lakSaNa karate samaya sva aura para kA nizcaya karane vAle jJAna ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| saMzaya aura anadhyavasAya jJAna se kisI bhI padArtha kA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA hai aura viparyaya jJAna se viparIta padArtha kA nizcaya hotA hai / emI kAraNa pramANa lakSaNa meM 'abAdhita' yaha pada nikSipta karake sUtrakAra ne usakI dhyAvRtti kI hai| kyoMki viparyaya jJAna se jAne gaye padArtha meM uttara kAla meM bAdhA AtI hai // 6 // saMzaya jJAna kA lakSaNa : sUtra-viddhAnekakodi-spazijJAnaM saMzayaH // 7 // artha--eka bastu meM anizcita, viruddha aneka koTiyoM ko sparza karane vAlA jJAna saMzaya hai| vyAkhyA-isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne saMzaya kA lakSaNa samajhAyA hai / jaise-yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa hai ? isa prakAra ke isa zAna meM viSayabhUta bane hue kisI bhI padArtha para jJAna kI sthiratA nahIM hai| sthANu aura puruSa ye donoM Apasa meM eka dUsare se viruddha haiM-bhinna-bhinna haiN| jJAna ne jAnate samaya na to sthANu kA hI nizcaya kara pAyA hai aura na puruSa kA hI / aisA jJAna taba hotA hai ki jaba draSTA ko kevala sAmAnya dharma kA-sthANu aura puruSa kI U~cAI Adi kA- pratyakSa hotA hai aura vizeSa dharma kA-donoM kI vakratA, zira, hAtha Adi kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai| isa taraha eka hI vastu meM aneka viruddha aMzoM ko sparza karane vAlA jJAna saMzaya kahA gayA hai / / 7 / /

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nyAyaratnasAra : prathama adhyAya viparyaya kA lakSaNa : sUtra-atasmistavavAhi jJAnaM viparyayaH // 8 // artha-jo padArtha jaisA nahIM hai, use usa prakAra kA jAnane vAlA jJAna viparyaya jJAna hai| vyAkhyA-viparyaya jJAna kA lakSaNa isa sUtra dvArA spaSTa karate hue sUtrakAra ne yaha samajhAyA hai ki jaba cakSurAdi indriyagata doSa Adi ke kAraNa draSTA ko cA~dI meM sIpa kA jJAna, yA rassI meM sarpa kA bhAna hotA hai, usa samaya yaha jJAna huA mAnA jAtA hai / isa jJAna ke dvArA vAstavika padArtha kA nirNaya nahIM ho pAtA hai, pratyuta viparIta hI padArtha kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai| sIpa se viparIta cA~dI hai aura rassI se viparIta sarpa hai / isa taraha viparyaya jJAna vAlA vyakti jo padArtha hai usakA to nizcaya nahIM kara pAnA hai aura jogAthenasamApanaya kara letA hai| isI kAraNa aise viparIta eka ka koTi ke nizcaya karane vAle jJAna ko viparyaya kahA gayA hai| viparyaya jJAna aura saMzayajJAna meM yahI bhinnatA hai ki saMzaya jJAna meM paraspara viruddha aneka aMzoM kA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA hai aura viparyaya jJAna meM eka viruddha aMza kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai // 8 // anadhyavasAya kA lakSaNa : sUtra-vizeSAdhyavasAyavihInaM jJAnamanadhyavasAyaH / / 6 // artha-vizeSAMza ko grahaNa nahIM karake jo kevala 'yaha kucha hai' isa prakAra se sAmAnyAMza ko grahaNa karane vAlA bodha hotA hai, vahI anadhyavasAya hai| vyAkhyA--pratyeka padArtha sAmAnya aura vizeSa dharmoM vAlA mAnA gayA hai| sAmAnya padArtha arthakriyAkArI nahIM hotaa| arthakriyAkArI vizeSa padArtha hI hotA hai, ataH vastu ke vizeSAMza ko nahIM jAnane vAlA aura kevala sAmAnyAMza ko hI jAnane vAlA jo bodha hotA hai, jaise-rAste meM calate hue puruSa ko tRNAdi kA sparza ho jAne para kucha sparza huA hai, aisA jo jJAna hotA hai vahI anadhyavasAya jJAna hai| bauddhoM dvArA mAnya nirvikalpakadarzana isI anadhyavasAyarUpa hotA hai / yaha jJAna saMzaya jJAna se bilakula judA hai, kyoMki saMzayajJAna meM vizeSa kA sparza hotA hai, para isameM to usakA sparza taka bhI nahIM hotA hai / / 6 / / para kA artha : sUtra--zAnasvarUpamitra jayArthaH paraH / / 10 / / artha-jJAna ke svarUpa se bhinna jo jJeyarUpa artha hai, vahIM para hai / jAna meM pramANatA isI jJeyarUpa bAhya padArtha ke jAnane se hI AtI hai, kevala apane Apako jAnane se nhiiN| vyAkhyA pramANa kA lakSaNa kahate samaya jo jJAna kA vizeSaNabhUta 'para' zabda hai usakA vAkyArtha satyarUpa se prakaTa karane ke liye hI sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra kA nirmANa kiyA hai| bAhaH padArtha ghaTa-paTAdizeyArtha-ke viSaya meM mAdhyamika siddhAnta svapnopalabdha padArtha kI taraha ye mithyA haiM, aisI mAnyatA vAlA hai| isI taraha vaha Antarika padArthoM ko AtmA, pramANa-jJAna Adi ko bhI sarvathA asat kahatA hai / vedAntI bAhya padArtha ko asat mAnate haiM, Antarika padArtha ko satsvarUpa mAnate haiN| inakI mAnyatAnusAra brahma 1. bahma eva idaM sarva, neha nAnAsti kiJcana / ArAmaM tasya pazyanti, na tas pazyati kazcana / /

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nyAyaratnasAra : prathama adhyAya |5 hI eka vAstavika tattva hai| sautrAntika jo ki bauddhoM kA hI eka sampradAya vizeSa hai, bAhya padArtha ko sad pa mAnatA hai / ina saba mAnyatAoM ke viruddha jaina darzana antarjagat aura bAhya jagat donoM ko vAstavika mAnatA hai| ataH isa satra se satrakAra ne bauddhadarzana aura vedAntadarzana kI ekAnta mA dUra kiyA hai, aisA jAnanA cAhiye / yahA~ "jJAnasvarUpabhinna jeyArthaH paraH" aisA jo sUtra kahA gayA hai, usa se sutrakAra kA aisA abhiprAya hai ki jJAna meM jo pramANatA AtI hai, vaha pratibhAta jeyArtha kI yathArthatA se hI AtI hai, apane svarUpa ke jAna lene se nahIM AtI hai / / 10 / / jJAna meM svaparAvabhAsakara kA samarthana :-- sUtra-zAnasya svapazavabhAsakatvameva sva-para-vyavasAyaH / / 11 / / artha-jJAna meM jo sva kI aura para kI avabhAsakatA hai, vahI jJAna kA sva aura para kA vyavasAya hai| ___ vyAkhyA-jhAna jaba apanI ora jhukatA hai, taba vaha apane ko jAnatA hai, yahI jJAna meM svavyavasAya hai aura jaba vaha para-padArtha kI ora jhukatA hai taba vaha usa padArtha ko jAnatA hai, yahI usakA para-vyavasAya hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka padArthoM ko prakAzita karane ke sAtha hI apane ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai-arthAt dIpaka ko dekhane ke lie jaise anya dIpaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI hai, usI prakAra pramANa ko jAnane ke lie dUsare pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| yahI jJAna meM sva-paranvyavasAyatA hai| jJAna ko sva-thyavasAyI mAnane kA prayojana yahI hai ki koI aisI AzaGkA kara sakatA hai ki "jaisA padArthoM ko jAnane meM kAraNa jJAna hai to zAna ko jAnane meM kAraNa kyA hai|" prazna-kyA sabhI prakAra ke jJAna sva-paricchedaka hote haiM yA kevala pramANabhUta jJAna hI svaparicchedaka hotA hai ? uttara-sabhI prakAra ke jJAna svaparicchedaka hote haiM aura isa svapariccheda kI dRSTi se koI jJAna pramANa yA mithyA jJAna nahIM hotA / jJAna meM saccApana yA jhUThApana viSaya ke saccepana yA jhUThepana para nirbhara hai // 11 // jJAna meM pramANatA kA kathana : sUtra--pratibhAtaviSayAvyabhicAritvaM prAmANyam / / 12 // artha-prameya padArtha jaisA hai, use usI rUpa se jAnanA yahI pratibhAtaviSayaavyabhicAritva hai| yahI jJAna meM pramANatA hai| vyAkhyA-jo padArtha jisa taraha kA hai, usI taraha kA use jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai aura yahI usakI saccAI hai ki jo padArtha jJAna ke dvArA jaisA jAnA gayA hai, vaisA hI vaha upalabdha hotA hai| yadi jJAna se jAnA gayA padArtha uttara kAla meM basA upalabdha nahIM hotA hai to usa padArtha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANabhUta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, yahI jJAna kI apramANatA hai / / 12 / / pramANatA kI utpatti aura jJapti kA kathana : sUtra-tavutpattI parata eva svanizcaye tu abhyAsAnabhyAsApekSayA svataH paratazca // 13 // 1. "jJAnasya prAmANyAtrAmANye api hirApekSayeva na svarUpApekSayA" -laghIyastrayaTokAyAm / 'bhAvaprameyApekSAyAM pramANAbhAsanidravaH, bahiH prameyApekSAyAM pramANaM tannibhaMghate" -devaagme|

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nyAyaratnasAra prathama adhyAya artha-pramaNatA jJAna meM para se hI AtI hai, tathA usa pramANatA kA nizcaya abhyAsa dazA meM svataH aura anabhyAsa dazA meM para se hotA hai| vyAkhyA -pramANa-jJAna ke dvArA jo vastu jaisI hotI hai, vaha vaisI hI yadi jAnI jAtI hai to vaha jJAna saccA-samyak kahA gayA hai| aba isa para prazna yaha hotA hai ki jJAna meM yaha saccAI apane Apa AtI hai yA usake liye anya kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai? isI kA uttara isa satra diyA gayA hai / isa meM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jJAna eka sAmAnya guNa hai aura samyagjhAna evaM mithyAjJAna ye do usakI vizeSa avasthAe~ haiN| ina donoM vizeSa avasthAoM ke liye vizeSa kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / hama dekhate haiM ki sAmAnya dhAgoM se hI basna taiyAra hotA hai, parantu java lAla vastra banAnA hotA hai, taba sAmAnya DoroM se vaha nahIM banAyA jAtA hai, usake lie to lAla DoroM kI hI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isa se nikarSa yahI nikalatA hai ki acche-bure kAryoM ke liye sAmAnya sAmagrI se adhika vizeSa sAmagrI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| jisa sAmAnya sAmagrI se jJAna kI utpatti hotI hai, usI sAmagrI se usameM pramANatA kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai, usake lie to vizeSa kAraNoM kI indriyAdikoM kI nirmalatArUpa guNoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| inhIM vizeSa kAraNoM kI apekSA se utpanna hone ke kAraNa jJAna meM pramANatA kI utpatti parataH kahI gaI hai / tathA jaba yaha jAnane kI icchA hotI hai ki hameM jo jJAna utpanna huA hai, vaha saccA hai, to isake liye prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki abhyasta viSaya meM paricita grAma jalAzaya Adi meM jo jJAna una una jAnane kA hotA hai, vaha itanA pakkA hotA hai ki usakI saccAI jAnane ke liye hameM anya kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM par3atI hai| jaise--jisa tAlAba Adi meM jo pratidina snAna Adi kArya kiyA karate haiM, vahA~ ke pAnI ke sadbhAva meM unheM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM hotA hai, ataH vahA~ jala-jJAna hote hI graha hamArA jala-jJAna nirdoSa hai, yaha svataH hI nizcaya ho jAtA hai| isI kA nAma svataH prAmANya kI jJapti hai aura jo aparicita sthAna Adi haiM vahA~ jJAna meM pramANatA jAnane ke liye anya kAraNoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| jase-aparicita sthAna meM dUra se pAnI dikhane para hameM yaha sandeha utpanna ho sakatA hai ki jo jala-jJAna hameM huA hai vaha satya hai yA asatya hai ? kyoMki kahIM yaha mRgamarIcikA *-mRga-tRSNA to nahIM hai aura usI meM yaha jala-jJAna to hameM nahIM ho rahA hai| itane meM hI yadi usa ora se koI pAnI kA ghar3A bharA huA lA rahA hotA hai to use dekhakara hama yaha jAna jAte haiM ki jo jala-jJAna meM huA hai. vaha bilakula saccA hai| isa taraha anabhyasta viSaya meM--aparicita grAma jalAzaya Adi meM-jAyamAna jJAna ke kA bhAna anya kAraNoM ke adhIna hone ke kAraNa pramANatA kI jJapti ko parataH kahA gayA hai / / 13 // // prathamo'dhyAyaH samAptaH / / 1. zaptiH abhyastaviSaye svataH, anabhyastaviSaye tu parata:, paricita svagrAma taTApha jalAdirabhyastaH, aparicita svagrAma taTAka jalAdiramabhyastaH / nyAya dIpikAyAm /

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dvitIyo'dhyAyaH pramANa ke do bheda :-- sUtra-pratyakSaparokSabhedAt tat pramANaM dvividham // 1 // artha-pratyakSa aura parokSa ke bheda se vaha pramANa do prakAra kA hai / vyAkhyA--prathama adhyAya meM pramANa ke svarUpa kA varNana karake aba isa dvitIya adhyAya meM sUtrakAra ne usake bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| isameM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki pramANa pratyakSa pramANa aura parokSa pramANa ke bheda me do prakAra kA hotA hai| anya siddhAntakAroM ke dvArA mAnya pramANa saMkhyA ko haTAne ke nimitta 'dvividham' isa pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai // 1 // pratyakSa kA lakSaNa : sUtra-vizadAtmasvarUpaM jJAna pratyakSam // 2 // artha-jisa jJAna kA AtmasvarUpa vizada-nirmala hotA hai, usa jJAna kA nAma pratyakSa hai, arthAt jisa jJAna ke dvArA padArtha kA spaSTa pratibhAsa hotA hai, usI jJAna kA nAma pratyakSa pramANa hai| vyAkhyA-jaba hama kisI vyakti ko apanI A~khoM se dekhate haiM to jitanA spaSTa jJAna usakA hameM hotA hai, utanA spaSTa jJAna hameM usakA paricaya dene vAle vyakti se yA usakA nitra dekhane se nahIM ho sakatA hai, yahI pratyakSa pramANa kI nirmalatA hai / isa jJAna ko kisI dUsare jJAna ke sahAre kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, jisa prakAra kI dusare jJAna ke sahAre kI apekSA parokSa jJAna ko hotI hai| dhUma ko dekhane se agni kA jJAna to ho jAtA hai para vaha spaSTa jJAna nahIM hotA / jo jJAna apane viSaya ko spaSTatA ke nimitta dUsare jJAna kI sahAyatA cAhatA hai, vaha parokSa jJAna hI hai, pratyakSa nhiiN| dhUma ko jAnane ke liye hameM pahale kisI anya jJAna ke sahAre kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| kintu agni kA anumAna dhUma ko jAne binA nahIM ho sakatA / isIliye aise jJAna ko pratyakSa nahIM kahA gayA / / 2 // vizadatA-bezadya kA lakSaNa :-- sUtra-anumAnAdyasaMbhava nasalyaM vaizadyam // 3 // artha-anumAna Adi parokSa pramANoM meM nahIM saMbhAvita ho sakane vAlI jo nirmalatA hai, usI kA nAma vaizadya hai| vyAkhyA-sUtrakAra ne isa mUtra dvArA pratyakSa pramANa ke lakSaNa meM kahI gaI vizadatA kA svarUpa samajhAyA hai / yaha to spaSTa hai ki anumAna, Agama Adi parokSa pramANoM dvArA jAnI gaI vastu meM spaSTatA rUpa pratibhAsa kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| jaba gurujana ziSya ko aisI bAta samajhAte haiM ki jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ niyama se agni hotI hai / ziSya guru kI isa bAta kA avadhAraNa kara jaba avicchinna zAkhA vAle dhUma ko parvata meM se uThatA huA dekhatA hai, taba vaha isa parvata meM agni hai aisA anumAna usa

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nyAyaratnasAra : dvitIya adhyAya dhUma se kara letA hai| aba ziSya ko jo dhUma ke pratyakSa ho jAne se parokSa agnirUpa padArtha kA anumAna rUpa jJAna haA hai, vaha jJAna parokSa hai| isa parokSa jJAna meM aura dRzyamAna dhama ke jJAna meM nirmalatA ko antara hai / dhUma ko jAnane ke lie hameM kisI anya jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai aura agni kA anumAna karane ke liye dhUma ko jAnane kI AvazyakatA hai / dhUma-jJAna meM nirmalatA hai, agni-jJAna meM nirmalatA nahIM haiM, kyoMki agnijJAna kA viSaya agnirUpa padArtha lakar3I kI agni hai yA choNe kI agni hai isa rUpa se spaSTa pratibhAsa vAlA nahIM hai / yaha pratibhAma to vahA~ jAne para pratyakSa se ho ho sakatA hai / isaliye anumAnAdirUpa parokSa pramANa meM nirmalatA asaMbhAvita hai, yaha to pratyakSa pramANa meM hI saMbhAvita hai, aisA jAnanA cAhiye / / 3 // pratyakSa ke bheda : sUtra-sAMvyavahArika-pAramAthikAbhyAM pratyakSaM vividham / / 4 // ___ artha-mAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa ke bheda se pratyakSa do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| ___ vyAkhyA -jo pramANa vAstava meM pratyakSa to nahIM hai, kintu anya parokSa pramANa kI apekSA kuchaekadeza-spaSTa hone se loka vyavahAra meM pratyakSa mAna liyA jAtA hai, vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai / vaise dekhA jAya to indriyajanya hone ke kAraNa yaha pratyakSa parokSa hI hai| yadyapi indriyajanya jJAna anumAna Adi parokSa jJAnoM kI apekSA nirmala avazya hotA hai. para vaha pUrNa rUpa se nirmala nahIM hotA 1 isIliye pratyakSa kedArahArika ra pAramArthivaH ko do medago gaye haiN| pAramAyika pratyakSa meM pUrNa nirmalatA rahatI hai, kyoMki yaha jJAna indriyAdikoM kI sahAyatA ke binA kevala AtmA se hI utpanna hotA hai / / 4 // sAMcyabahArikA pratyakSa kA lakSaNa : sUtra - indriyAnindriyaja dezato vizadaM sAMvyavahArikam // 5 // artha- cakSurAdika indriyoM se aura anindriya rUpa mana se padArtha kA jo ekadeza nirmalatA liye hue jJAna hotA hai vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai / yaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa indriyaja aura anindriyaja ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| vyAkhyA-indriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM indriyoM kI pradhAnatA evaM mana kI sahAyatA rahatI hai, tathA anindriyaja pratyakSa meM mana kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / / 5 / / satra-zrotrAdi bhedAjzAnendriyANi pnyc||6|| artha--thotra, cakSu, ghrANa, rasanA, aura sparzana---isa prakAra se indriyAM pA~ca hotI haiN| vyAkhyA-zrotrAdika ye pA~ca indriyA~ jJAnajanaka hone se jJAnendriyA~ kahI gaI haiM / yahA~ para inhI kA prakaraNa hai, karmendriyoM kA nahIM / jJAnendriyA~ pA~ca hI hotI haiM, na kama hotI haiM aura na adhika hotI haiN| indriyanAmakarma ke udaya se inakI racanA hotI hai, ye saMsArI AtmA ke liGga rUpa se kahI gaI haiM // 6 / / indriyoM ke bheda : sUtra-vravyamAvabhevAtpratyekamindriyaM dvividham // 7 / / artha-dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya ke bheda se pratyeka indriya do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| vyAkhyA-jo pudgala aura Atma-pradeza bhinna-bhinna indriyAkArarUpa se racanA vAle ho rahe haiM vaha dravyendriya hai, tathA kSayopazamavizeSa se hone vAlA jo AtmA kA jJAna-darzanarUpa pariNAma hai, vaha bhAvendriya hai||| 7 ||

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aarahArika pratyakSa ke bheda : sUtra - dvividhamapi sAMvyavahArika pratyakSamavagrahA vAyadhAraNAbhedAccatuH prakArakam // 8 // artha- donoM prakAra kA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke bheda se cAra-cAra prakAra kA hai| avagraha kA lakSaNa : nyAyaratnasAra dvitIya adhyAya vyAkhyA --~~sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke jo do bheda 5veM sUtra dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye haiM ve pratyeka ragraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA bheda vAle haiM / avagrahAdi jJAnoM ke svarUpa kA kathana svayaM granthakAra karane vAle haiN| tathA isa viSaya ko adhika rUpa se spaSTa jAnane ke liye isI grantha ko nyAya ratnAvalI nAma kI TIkA dekhanI cAhiye // 8 // is sUtra viSaya viSaya saMbandhodbhUtavarzanAmantarAyAntarasattA viziSTa vastu grahaNamavagrahaH // 6 // artha - viSaya - padArtha aura viSayI - cakSu Adi indriyoM kA yathAyogya sthAna meM sambandha hone para sattA mAtra ko viSaya karane vAle darzana ke bAda jo avAntara sattAviziSTa vastu ko jAnane vAlA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha avagraha kahA gayA hai / IhA kA lakSaNa : vyAkhyA - padArthoM kA aura indriyoM kA jaba apane ucita pradeza meM sambandha hotA hai taba sattAsAmAnya ko viSaya karane vAlA darzana hotA hai / yaha darzana nirAkAra hotA hai| isake bAda hI avAntara sattAviziSTa manuSya Adi vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki indriyAdikoM ke dvArA jo saba se pahale padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha avagraha hai; jaise yaha manuSya hai // 6 // sUtra - avagrahagRhItArthobhUta saMzayanirAsAya yatna mI hA // 10 // artha - avagraha se jAne hue padArtha meM utpanna hue saMzaya ko dUra karane kI AkAMkSA rUpa jo prayatna hai, usakA nAma IhA hai / vyAkhyA- - jaise yaha puruSa hai, isa prakAra se avagraha ke dvArA jAna lene para "yaha dakSiNI hai yA gujarAtI hai" isa prakAra kA jo vahIM sandeha ho jAtA hai, usa sandeha ko dUra karane vAlA yaha IhA jJAna utpanna hotA hai / isI kA nAma nirNayAbhimukhI pravRtti hai| ataH yaha dakSiNI honA cAhiye, isa prakAra se isakI pravRtti avagraha se gRhIta hue artha meM hotI hai // 10 // avAya kA lakSaNa :--- dhAraNA kA lakSaNa : sUtra - IhA mAvita vizeSArthAvadhAraNamavAyaH // 11 // artha - IhA jJAna ke dvArA viSayabhUta hue artha kA vizeSa rUpa se nirNaya karane vAlA jo jJAna hai, usI kA nAma avAya hai / vyAkhyA - "yaha dakSiNI honA cAhiye" aisA jo IhA jJAna ne jAnA hai so usa jAne hue padArtha kA usakI bhASA Adi se pUrNa nizcaya kara lenA ki yaha dakSiNI hI hai, isI kA nAma avAya hai / / 11 / / sUtra - kAlAntarA vismaraNaheturdhAraNA // 12 //

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10 nyAyaratnasAra : dvitIya adhyAya artha-avAya jJAna kA itanA dRr3ha ho jAnA, jisase kAlAntara meM smRti ho sake. dhAraNA hai| vyAsyA-dhAraNA ke binA kAlAntara meM kisI bhI jAne hue padArtha kA smaraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / isIliye kAlAntara meM jAnI huI vastu kI smRti vArAne meM dhAraNA ko hetubhuta kahA gayA hai / / 12 / / darzana, avagrahAdi kA krama kathana : sUtra-RmikAvirbhUtadarzanAvaraNAdi karmakSayopazamaanyatveSAmuktakamavatvaM no theviSayavyavasthAmAvaH // 13 // artha-apane-apane AvAraka darzanAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kSayopazama kramazaH hotA hai aura usI kSayopazama ke kramAnusAra ina darzanAdikoM kI utpatti hotI hai. isaliye inameM RmikatA isI prakAra se mAnI gaI hai, anyathA viSaya-vyavasthA nahIM bana sakatI hai| vyAkhyA-jisakA darzana nahIM hotA usakA avagraha nahIM ho sakatA hai, avagraha jJAna kA jo viSaya nahIM huA hai usameM IhA jJAna kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai, IhA jJAna kI pravRtti hue binA avAya nahIM ho tA hai aura avAya ke abhAva meM dhAraNA rUpa saMskAra nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH pahale darzana, phira avagraha, phira IhA. phira avAya aura phira dhAraNA isa prakAra ke krana se inakA honA hotA hai / isa prakAra ke krama kA kAraNa apane-apane AvAraka karmoM ke kramika kSayopazama kA honA hai, darzanAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se sattva sAmAnya viziSTa vastu ko grahaNa karane vAlA darzana hotA hai / phira matijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se avagrahAdi rUpa jJAna hote haiM / yadi isa taraha se inake utpanna hone kI vyavasthA nahIM mAnI jAve to viSaya-padArtha kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakegI aura samasla sAMsArika vyavahAra chinnabhinna ho jAvegA kyoMki binA darzana ke avagraha, avagraha ke binA IhA, IhA ke binA avAya aura avAya ke binA dhAraNA padArtha ke viSaya meM kathamapi udbhUta nahIM ho sakatI hai / / 13 // sabheda pAramArthika pratyakSa kA kathana :: sUtra-dvividhamatIndriyaM jJAnaM pAramAthikaM pratyakSam // 14 / / artha-jo jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se nahIM hotA hai kintu kevala Atma dravya kI sahAyatA se hI hotA hai vahI pAramArthika pratyakSa hai / yaha makAla pAramArthika pratyakSa aura vikala pAramArthika pratyakSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| vyAkhyA--pAramArthika pratyakSa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI taraha indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna nahIM hotA hai kintu AtmA mAtra kI sahAyatA se hI utpanna hotA hai / hama logoM ko pAramArthika pratyakSa prApta nahIM hai| isa kAraNa isa kAmabhata udAharaNa nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| hA~, itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratyeka jJAna svarUpa se pratyakSa hai aura yahI svAnubhava pAramArthika pratyakSa kA udAharaNa kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki padArthoM ke jAnane ke liye chadmastha saMsArI jIvoM kI AtmA ko indriyAdikoM kI sahAyatA lenI par3atI hai| lekina apane jJAna ko jAnane ke liye indriyAdikoM kI sahAyatA nahIM lenI par3atI hai| yaha pAramArthika pratyakSa sakala aura vikala pAramArthika pratyakSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA 1. jJAnasya vAhyApikSayatra vaizadyAdezodevaH praNIta, svarUpApekSayA sakalamapi jJAnaM vizadameva rava-saMvedana jJAnAmnA rAvyavadhAnAm / -laghIyastraya dIkAyAm /

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jyAmarasnasAra : dvitIya adhyAya gayA hai / sakala pAramArthika pratyakSa meM kevalajJAna aura vikala pAramArthika pratyakSa meM avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna gRhIta hue haiM / dUsare logoM ne pAramArthika pratyakSa ko 'yogaja' pratyakSa ke nAma se kahA hai / indriyAdikoM kI sahAyatA ke vinA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdApUrvaka rUpI--pudgala padArthoM ko spaSTa jAnane vAlA jJAna avadhijJAna hai / indriyAdikoM kI sahAyatA ke binA dUsare ke manogata bhAva ko spaSTa jAnane vAlA jJAna manaHparyaya jJAna hai / samasta dravyoM ko aura unakI trikAlavartI samasta paryAyoM ko spaSTa jAnane vAlA jJAna kevalajJAna hai| avadhi-manaHparyaya jJAna ko jo dezapratyakSa-vikala pratyakSa kahA gayA hai, usakA abhiprAya aisA nahIM hai ki inameM nirmalatA kevalajJAna kI apekSA kama hai| nirmalatA to saba meM ekasI hai parantu ye donoM kevala rUpI dravya ko hI maryAdA lekara jAnate haiM, arUpI dravyoM ko nahIM jAnate haiM / / 14 / / arhantu meM hI kevalajJAna ke sadbhAva kA kathana :--- sUtra--sarvazatyAmnAnAnavAnahanta zivopayAta sagusa sarvanaH !! 15 // arthakevalajJAna arhanna paramAtmA meM hI hai, kyoMki ve sarvajJa haiM, tathA ve marvajJa isaliye haiM ki ve nirdoSa haiN| vyAkhyA- yahA~ aheta paramAtmA ko pakSa, kevalajJAna ko sAdhya aura sarvajJatva ko henu banAyA gayA hai| kyoMki sAdhya parokSa hotA hai, parokSa sAdhya kI siddhi Agama aura anumAna pramANa se kI jAtI hai| yahA~ sarvajJa hetu ko lekara kevalajJAna kA sadbhAva arhanta paramAtmA meM hI kiyA gayA hai. arhanta paramAtmA meM sarvajJatvarUpa hetu ke sadbhAva kI siddhi nirdoSatvarUpa hetu se kI gaI hai, ye donoM hI hetu kevala vyatirekI hetu haiM / isakA vistRta artha jAnane ke liye nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA kA avalokana karanA cAhiye / / 15 / / nirdoSatA kI siddhi : sUtra-pramANAvirodhivAktvAtatraiva nirdoSatvam // 16 / / artha-pramANa se arhanta paramAtmA ke vacanoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM AtA hai, ata: ve hI nirdoSa hai| cyAyA-aInta paramAtmA meM hI kevalajJAnazAlitA hai, yaha bAta sarvajJatvarUpa hetadvArA sAdhita kI hai, sarvajJatA kI siddhi unameM nirdoSatvarUpa hetu dvArA sAdhita kI gaI hai tathA unameM nirdoSatA hai, yaha bAta pramANAvirodhivacanatArUpa hetu dvArA sAdhita kI gaI hai / unake vacana meM--Agama meM kisI bhI pramANa se bAdhA nahIM AtI hai, yahI pramANAvirodhivacanatva kA artha hai // 16 // pramANAvirodhivacanatva kI siddhi :-- sUtra-tatsaMmata tattvasya pramANAbAdhitatvena sa eva pramANAvirodhivacanaH / / 17 // artha-arhanta paramAtmA hI pramANAvirodhivacana vAle haiM, kyoMki unakA jo abhimata tattva hai, vaha kisI bhI prasiddha pramANa se bAdhita nahIM hotA hai| vyAkhyA-isa sUtra dvArA arhanta paramAtmA meM pramANa se avirodhI vacanatA kI siddhi kI gaI hai| isa prakAra hetuoM kI siddhi karane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi koI svamata vyAmoha ke vazavartI hokara

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12 nyAyaratnasAraH dvitIya adhyAya aisI kutarkaNA kara baiThe ki ye pradatta hetu svarUpAsiddha haiM to isake liye hetuoM ko sAdhya banAkara pUrvokta rUpa se bhinna-bhinna hetuoM dvArA unakI siddhi kI gaI hai| / 17 // kavalAhAra aura kevalajJAna meM avirodhatA :--- sUtra-kapalAhAravaspena nAhato'sarvajJatvaM tayoravirodhAt / / 18 // artha-kavalAhArI hone se arhanta paramAtmA meM sarvajJatA nahIM banatI hai so aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki kavalAhAritA bhI vahA~ rahe aura sarvajJatA bhI vahA~ rahe, isameM koI virodha nahIM hai / bhyAkhyA-digambara saMpradAya vAle kevalI ko kavalAhArI nahIM mAnate haiM, zvetAmbara saMpradAya vAle mAnate haiM / ataH isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne yaha siddha kiyA hai ki kavalAhArI hone se unameM asarvazatA nahIM A sakatI hai katI hai, kyoMki sarvajJatA kA aura kavalAhAratA kA Apasa meM koI virodha nahIM hai| yadi virodha mAnA jAve to hamAre jJAna ke sAtha bhI usakA virodha mAnanA par3egA / / 18 / / / mitIyo'dhyAyaH smaaptH| 1. sa tvamevAsi nidoSI yuktizAstrAvirodhiyAka / avirodho yadiSTaM te prasiddhana na bAdhyate // -AptamImAMsAyAm /

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tRtIyo'dhyAyaH sthAna mAsI gandI visi :-. sUtra-jainamunirahaMdAdi guNotkIrtanAdi sthAnasevitvAt sthAnakavAsI // 1 // artha-jaina muni arhanta, siddha Adi ke guNoM ke utkIrtana karane Adi rUpa 20 sthAnoM meM basane ke kAraNa sevana karane ke svabhAva vAlA hone ke kAraNa sthAnakavAsI siddha hotA hai| yAsyA- isase pahale prathama adhyAya meM pramANa kI prarUpaNA evaM dvitIya adhyAya meM usake bheda ke antargata hue pratyakSa pramANa kI prarUpaNA karane meM AI hai| aba isa tRtIya adhyAya meM parokSa pramANa ke bheda rUpa anumAna pramANa kI prarUpaNA karane ke liye usakA sUcaka hI yaha sutra kahA gayA hai| parokSa pramANa kA sarvaprathama yahAM para lakSaNa na kahakara jo sthAnakavAsitva kA kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha arhanta prabhu dvArA upadiSTa anAdi kAlika mArga hai, isa bAta ko prakaTa karane ke liye kahA hai| ve anAdikAlIna 20 sthAna isa prakAra haiM-arhadguNotkIrtana (1) siddhaguNotkIrtana (2) pravacana guNotkIrtana (3) guNavadguruguNotkIrtana (4) sthavira guNotkIrtana (5) bahuzru ta guNotkIrtana (6) tapasviguNotkIrtana (7) tathA ina saba ke jJAna ke viSaya arthAt pravacana meM bArambAra nirantara jJAnopayoga rakhanA (8) darNanavizuddhi (9) gurudevAdi viSayaka vinaya (10) ubhaya kAla AvazyakakaraNa (11) niratikAra bhIlavata pAlana (12) kSaNa lava Adi kAloM meM pramAda chor3akara zubha dhyAna karanA (13) bAraha prakAra ke tapa kA pAlanA (14) abhaya dAna denA, supAtra dAna denA (15) AcAryAdikoM kI sevA zuzruSA karanA (16) samAdhi sarva jIvoM ko sukhI karane kA bhAva rakhanA (17) apUrva jJAna kA grahaNa aura usake sAdhanoM kA adhyayana karanA (18) na tabhakti-jinokta Agama meM parama anurAga rakhanA (19) pravacana prabhAvanA (20) aneka bhavyoM ko dIkSA denA, jinazAsana kI mahimA vRddhiMgata karanA, jIvoM ko jinazAsana kA rasika banAnA, mithyAtva rUpI timira kA nivAraNa karanA evaM caraNa sattarI aura karaNa sattarI kI zaraNa meM rahanA / isa prakAra ke ye 20 sthAna haiM | sAdhujana ina 20 sthAnoM meM hI anAdi kAla se vasate cale A rahe haiM / ataH inameM sthAnakavAsitA anAdi kAla se hai, yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai // 1 // sthAnakavAsitA meM prazastatA kathana : sUtra-prazastaH khalu sthAnakavAsI munistathAvidha vizatisthAna samArAdhakatvena tIryakRdagotropArjakatvAt / / 2 // artha-sthAnakavAsI muni zrISTa hai kyoMki vaha pUrvokta 20 sthAnakoM kA samArAdhaka hone se tIrthakara prakRti kA bandhaka hotA hai /

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14 | nyAyaratnasAra tRtIya adhyAya vyAkhyA - yaha sUtra jaina muniyoM meM sthAnakavAsitva ke kAraNabhUta 20 sthAnoM ke samArAdhana ke kAraNa se hI tIrthaMkara prakRti kI bandhakatA AtI hai, ataH vaha zreSTha hai, isa bAta ko samajhAne ke liye kahA gayA hai / jo isa prakAra ke nahIM haiM ve zra eSTha nahIM haiM jaise jainAbhAsa / ye jainAbhAsa zAstraniSiddha dravyapUjA ko mukti kA kAraNabhUta mAnate haiM / ataH ve 20 sthAnakoM ke sevana dvArA tIrthaMGkara prakRti ke bandhaka nahIM hone se prazarata nahIM kahe gaye haiM || 2 || mukha para mukhavastrikA kA bA~dhanA AgamAnukUla hai, aisA kathana :--- soramukha va striyAM sUtra - jaina muni khe zreSThatvena jJApitatvAt // 3 // badhnIyAdAgame tadabandhanApekSayA tadbandhanasya artha - jaina muni mukha para sadoraka mukhavastrikA ko avazyameva bAMdhe kyoMki Agama meM usake nahIM bAMdhane kI apekSA usakA mukha para bAMdhanA hI zra eSTha rUpa se kahA gayA hai| vyAkhyA- -pUrva meM 20 sthAnoM kA samArAdhaka hone se jaina muniyoM meM zra eSThatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA / aba isa sUtra dvArA yaha siddha kiyA jA rahA hai ki yadi muni mukha para sadoraka mukhavasthikA nahIM bAMdhatA hai to vaha jinAjJA kA virAdhaka hone ke kAraNa saccA jaina muni nahIM hai kyoMki Agama meM isI prakAra kI AjJA hai || 3 || mukha para mustrikA bA~dhane meM yukti kA kathana : sUtra - mukhe mukhavastrikA bandhanaM zreSThaM sAvaya karma parivarjakasyAt // 4 // artha- mukha para sadoraka mukhavastrikA kA bA~dhanA zreSTha hai kyoMki yaha isI rUpa meM sAvadha karma kI parivarjanA karAne vAlI hai / vyAkhyA - mukha para sadoraka mukhavastrikA kA bA~dhanA zreSTha isaliye hai ki isake bA~dhane se prANiyoM ke prANa-vighAta Adi hone rUpa sAvadha karma nahIM ho pAte haiM / nahIM bA~dhane para bhASaNa karate samaya vAyukAyika jIvoM kI mukha vAyu se virAdhanA kA honA baca nahIM sakatA hai| mazakAdi kA mukha meM praveza bhI ho jAyA karatA hai / ataH niravadya bhASA ke liye, vacanAdi gupti ke liye, sacitta rajoreNu ke praveza ko rokane ke liye, saMpAtima jIvoM kI rakSA ke liye evaM pramArjanAdi kAryoM ke liye mukhavastrikA kA mukha para bA~dhanA vAvazyaka karma hai // 4 // dorA binA mukhayastrikA se mu~ha DhakanA - yaha aprazasta hai, aisA kathana :-- sUtra - bandhanarahita mukhavastrikathA mukhapidhAnamaprazastaM jIvarakSAbhAvAt || 5 || artha -- bandhanavihIna mukhavastrikA se muMha kA DhakanA aprazasta hai kyoMki isa sthiti meM jIvoM kI rakSA nahIM ho pAtI hai / vyAkhyA kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA ke nimitta mukhavastrikA mu~ha para bA~dhanA Avazyaka hai / aisA kiye binA SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA honA asaMbhava hai / / 5 / / parokSa pramANa kA lakSaNa :--- sUtra - vaizadyavihInaM jJAnaM parokSam / / 6 / / artha - jo jJAna vizadatA - spaSTa pratibhAsa-se rahita hotA hai vahI jJAna parokSa kahA jAtA hai /

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nyAyaratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya vyAkhyA-vaizadya kA svarUpa vitIya adhyAya meM kahA jA cukA hai| isa vizadatA se hIna jo jAna hotA hai vahIM parokSa pramANa kA lakSaNa hai| prazna-parokSa pramANa sva-para-vyavasAyI hotA hai yA nahIM ? uttara-parokSa pramANa sva-para-vyavasAyI hotA hai kyoMki pramANa kA yahI sva-para-vyavamAyI honA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai / ataH sva-para-vyavasAyI hote hue jo jJAna aspaSTa pratibhAsa vAlA hotA hai vahI parokSa hotA hai aisA jAnanA cAhiye / / 6 / / parokSa pramANa ke bheda :--- sUtra-smRti-pratyabhijJA-tarphAnumAnAgamabhedAttatmacavidham // 7 // artha-parokSa pramANa pA~ca prakAra hai-smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna aura Agama / / 7 / / smRti kA lakSaNa : sUtra-pUrvAnubhUtaviSayakaM tattollekhijAnaM smatiH // 8 // artha-pratyakSAdi kisI bhI pramANa se jAne gaye padArtha ko jAnane vAlA tathA "baha" isa prakAra ke AkAra vAlA jo jJAna hai usI kA nAma smRti hai| vyAkhyA-smaraNa jJAna pahale jAne gaye padArya kA hI hotA hai| isa smaraNa ko utpanna karAne vAlA dhAraNA nAma kA saMskAra hotA hai| dhAraNA prAtmA meM aisA saMskAra paidA kara detI hai ki jisase kisI nimitta ke milane para usa anubhUta padArtha kI smRti ho jAyA karatI hai| binA dhAraNA ke smRti nahIM hotI. yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai / jo jJAna dUsare jJAna kI sahAyatA kI apekSA rakhatA hai naha parokSa hotA hai| yahA~ para smaraNa vAraNA kI apekSA rakhatA hai, isaliye vaha parokSa hai / vahA~ smRti kA lakSaNa viSaya, kAraNa aura AkAra ye tIna bAteM prakaTa kI gaI haiM / pUrvAnubhUta padArtha esa kA viSaya hai, dhAraNA isakA kAraNa hai aura "vaha" isakA AkAra hai| kucha loga smaraNa bo pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM / para smaraNa ko pramANa mAne binA anumAna pramANa utpanna hI nahIM ho rAkalA hai tathA laukika vyavahAra bhI nahIM cala sakatA hai| ataH smRti ko pramANa avazya mAnanA cAhiye / / 8 / / pratyabhijJA pramANa kA lakSaNa : sUtra-pratyakSa-smRtijakatvAvi saMkalanAtmikA saMvita pratyabhijJA // 6 // artha--pratyakSa aura smRti ke milane se jo ekatvAdi kI saMkalanA karane rUpa jJAna hotA hai usakA nAma pratyabhijJA hai| vyAkhyA pratyabhijJA jJAna ko utpanna karane vAle do jJAna haiM--eka to pratyakSa aura dUsaga smaraNa / isakA viSaya pUrva aura uttara dazA vyANI ekatva Adi hotA hai| smRti aura anubhava ke milane se jo jor3arUpa jJAna hotA hai usI kA nAma pratyabhijJA jJAna hai| jaise--yaha vahI manuSya hai jise campA nagarI meM dekhA thaa| yahA~ para vartamAna meM usa manuSya kA pratyakSa ho rahA hai aura caMpAmagarI meM dekhane kA smaraNa ho rahA hai / ina donoM jJAnoM ke mila jAne se yaha pratyabhijJA nAma kA eka tIsarA hI jJAna utpanna huA hai / isake ekatva pratyabhijJA, sAdRzya pratyabhijJA Adi aneka bheda haiN| padArtha kI pUrva avasthA aura uttara avasthA vartI ekatva ko viSaya karane vAlA ekattra pratyabhijJA jJAna

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16 | nyAyaratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya hotA hai aura sAdRzya Adi ko viSaya karane vAlA sAdRzya pratyabhijJA nAma kA jJAna hotA hai| jaise - gavaya ( rojha ) gAya ke samAna hotA hai / gavaya ke pratyakSa hone para gAya kA smaraNa ho AtA hai / yaha usase vilakSaNa hai, yaha usase dUra hai ityAdi udAharaNa bhI vailakSaNya pratyabhijJA jJAna ke aura pratiyogI pratyabhijJA jJAna ke jAnanA caahiye| do padArthoM meM samAnatA ko batalAne vAlA sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna hotA hai, aura do padArthoM meM visadRzatA ko batalAne vAlA vaisAdRzya pratyabhijJAna hotA hai / jaise- gAya bhaiMsa se vilakSaNa hai / do padArthoM kI tulanA bhI pratyabhijJAna ke dvArA kI jAtI hai-jaise yaha AMbalA usa Ama se choTA hai / kinhIM - kinhIM dArzanikoM ne eka pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa ke bhItara hI zAmila kiyA hai / parantu yaha usake antargata nahIM ho sakatA hai| kyoMki pratyakSa kA viSaya sAmane rahA huA padArtha ho hotA hai aura ekatva pratyabhijJA usa padArtha kI pUrva dazA aura uttara dazAvartI ekatva ko viSaya karatA hai / koI-koI sAhayya pratyabhijJAna ko upamAna pramANa meM antahita karate haiN| so aisA unakA kahanA isaliye ucita nahIM hai ki usake bhItara pratyabhijJAna ke sabhI geMdoM kA samAveza nahIM hotA hai| yadi aisA mAna bhI liyA jAya to ekatva pratyabhijJAna kA usameM antarbhAva kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ataH ise svatantra hI mAnanA caahiye| jaba donoM vastue~ samakSa hotI haiM aura unameM tulanA kI jAtI hai to aise jJAna ko bhI parokSa hI mAnA gayA hai kyoMki tulanA meM eka dUsare kI smRti rUpa vicAradhArA kAma karatI hai, ata: ise pratyabhijJAna hI kahA gayA hai // 6 // sUtra - trikAlati sAdhya-sAdhanaviSayaka vyApti jJAnaM tarkaH / / 10 / / artha --- trikAlavartI sAdhya sAdhana ke avinAbhAva sambandha ko batAne vAlA jo jJAna hai usakA nAma tarka hai / vyAkhyA - sAdhana ke hone para sAdhya kA honA anvaya hai aura sAdhya ke na hone para sAdhana kA nahIM honA vyatireka hai| agni kA liGga dhuMA hai / dhuMA ko dekhakara hI agni kA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai / ataH agni ke astitva kA jJAna karAne meM sAdhana dhUma hai aura agni sAdhya hai| isa taraha dhUma kA aura agni kA jo sambandha hai vahI anvaya hai / isa anvaya kA hI dUsarA nAma avinAbhAva hai| kyoMki ghUA afia ke binA nahIM ho sakatA hai / hogA to niyama se agni ke sadabhAva meM hI hogaa| sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva honA isakA nAma vyatireka hai| agni ke abhAva meM dhUma kvacidapi kadAcidapi upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / rasoIghara Adi meM hama pratyakSa se dhUma aura agni ko bAra-bAra dekhakara yaha niyama nahIM banA sakate haiM ki jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hogA yahAM vahA~ agni hogii| yaha niyama banAne kA kAma tarka kA hai| yaha tarka pratyakSa, smRti aura pratyabhijJAna kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai / isaliye yaha una tInoM meM se kisI meM bhI antarjIna nahIM ho sakatA hai| tarka ke dvArA nizcita kiye gaye niyama ke AdhAra para anumAna kI utpatti hotI hai / ataH anumAna meM bhI ise zAmila nahIM kara sakate haiM / // 10 // anumAna kA lakSaNa : sUtra - sAdhyAvinAmAviliGgajaM jJAnamanumAnam // 11 // artha-sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAle liGga se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai usakA nAma anumAna hai| vyAkhyA - jise siddha kiyA jAtA hai usakA nAma sAdhya hai aura jisake dvArA siddha kiyA jAtA hai vaha sAdhana kahalAtA hai / jaba hama parvata se avicchinna zAkhA vAlA dhUma uThate hue dekhate haiM to hama H

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nyAyaralasAra : tRtIya adhyAya |17 usake dvArA parvata ke bhItara rahI haI parokSa agni kA jJAna kara lete haiN| yahI anumAna kA lakSaNa hai| sAdhya ke agni ke-sadbhAva meM hI dhUma hotA hai / agni ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra jo agni ke sAtha dhUma kA sambandha hai bahI avinAbhAva hai / yaha abinAbhAva jisameM ho vaha avinAbhAvI hai| aisA avinAbhAvI liGga hI hotA hai / tabhI jAkara vaha apane liGgI kA jJAna karAtA hai / ataH liGga se liGgI kA jJAna hI anumAna hai // 11 / / anumAna ke bheda : sUtra--svArtha-parArtha bhedAtta dvividham // 12 / / artha-- svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna isa prakAra ke anumAna ke do bheda haiM 11 12 / / vyAkhyA-apane liye jo anumAna hotA hai vaha svArthAnumAna hai aura para ke liye jo anumAna hotA hai vaha parArthAnumAna hai / isa kathana kA tAtparya |saa hai ki jisane pahale tarka-pramANa se sAdhya aura mAdhana kA sAhacarya sambandha nizcita kara liyA hai aisA vaha vyakti jaba parvatAdi sthAna meM dhUma ko uThatA huA dekhatA hai taba use tAnubhuta dhyApti kA smaraNa AtA hai aura usaga sahakRta usa sAdhyAbinAbhAbI eka lakSaNa vAle dRpTa dhUmAdirUpa liGga se vahAM agni Adi sApa sAdhya ke hone kA svayaM anumAna kara letA hai / yasa, grahI svArthAnumAna hai| yaha svArthAnumAna jJAna rUpa hotA hai| isa anumAna meM baha gurvAdika ke mAdhya sAdhana kI vyApti pradarzaka upadeza kI apekSA vinA sAdhyAvinAbhAtrI liGga kI sahAyatA se sAdhya ke sadbhAva kA nizcaya kara letA hai / yaha anumAna kisI-kisI prabuddha puruSa ko hI hotA hai / pagAnumAna bacana rUpa hotA hai / arthAt svArthAnumAna kA abhidhAna karane vAlA jo vacana hai use upacAra se parArthAnumAna kahA gayA hai / bAstava meM anumAna to jJAnarUpa hI hotA hai parantu vinA samajhAye ziSya ko anamAna kA jJAna ho nahIM sakatA hai / anaH ziSya ko hone vAle jJAna kA kAraNa hone se bacana ko anumAna kaha diyA gayA hai / / 12 / / hetu lakSaNa kathana : sUtra-tayopapatyeka lakSaNo hetuH, na tu tripaJcalakSaNastasya tavApAse'pi sattvAt // 13 // artha-tathA-sAdhya ke hone para hI upapatti hetu kA honA yahI hai eka lakSaNa jisakA aisA hetu hotA hai| vyAkhyA- anumAna ke lakSaNa meM sAdhana se sAdhya ke jJAna ko anumAna kahA gayA hai / ataH yahAM para usa sAdhana kA hetu kA lakSaNa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| sAdhana apane sAdhya ke vinA nahIM hotA hai kintu sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI hotA hai / isaliye ise "anyathAnupapatti" zabda se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai / kitaneka siddhAntakAroM ne hetu kA lakSaNa jo pakSadharmatva, sapakSesatya aura vipakSAd vyAvRtti vAlA hotA hai vahI saccA hetu hai aisA mAnA hai, tathA kitanekoM ne ina tInoM ke sahita jo abAdhita viSaya aura asatpratipakSa galA hotA hai vahI saccA hetu hai aisA mAnA hai / prathama mAnyatA bauddhoM kI hai aura dvitIya mAnyatA naiyAyikoM kI hai / para ye donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ isa tathopatti lakSaNa yA anyathAnupapatti lakSaNa ke mAne binA nirdoSa nahIM mAnI gaI haiM // 13 // sAdhya lakSaNa kA kathana :-- sUtra-anizcitAbhimatamabAdhitaM sAdhyam / / 14 / /

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18 nyAyaratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya artha-jo anizcita ho, bAdI ko svIkRta ho, prativAdI ko svIkRta na ho, aura pratyakSAdi kisI bhI pramANa se jo bAdhita na ho, vahI sAdhya hotA hai| vyAkhyA--yaha to hama jAna cuke haiM ki jise kisI AdhAra vizeSa meM siddha karanA hotA hai, usa kA nAma sAdhya hai| yaha sAdhya tIna vizeSaNoM vAlA hotA hai| inameM eka vizeSaNa anizcita hai / anizcita kA artha asiddha hai jo abhI taka kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM huA hai, usakA nAma asiddha hai| giddha sAdhya nahIM hotA hai, asiddha hI sAdhya hotA hai| bAdI jise siddha karanA cAhatA hai usakA nAma abhimata--iSTa hai| pratyakSAdi kisI bhI pramANa se jisameM bAdhA nahIM AtI hai, usakA nAma abAdhita hai| agni garma hai isameM garma sAdhya pratyakSa hai / ataH yaha sAdhya koTi meM nahIM AtA hai / AtmA nahIM hai| yaha "nahIM hai" sAdhya vAdI ko aniSTa hai ataH yaha bhI sAdhya nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa samasta kathana kA niSkarSa yahI hai jo saMdigdha ho, viparyasta ho aura anadhyavasita ho, vahI sAdhya hotA hai tathA jo mAdhyakoTi meM rakhA jAne use abAdhita honA cAhiye aura bAdI ko mAnya honA cAhiye // 14 / / sAdhya sambandhI niyama : sUtra--vyAptI dharma eva sAdhyamanamAne tu sadviziSTo dharmI / / 15 / / / artha-vyApti meM--vyApti-grahaNa kAla meM--tarka pramANa meM --dharma hI sAdhya hotA hai, sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI sAdhya nahIM hotaa| sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI sAdhya to anumAna kAla meM hI hotA hai| vyAkhyA-parvatAdika rUpa AdhAra vizeSa meM agnyAdi rUpa sAdhya ko siddhi karanA yaha kAma anumAna yApti-takaM--kA nahIM hai| isaliye vyApti-grahaNakAla meM-tarka ke samaya meM sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI ko sAdhyakoTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai / nahIM to vyApti hI nahIM bana skegii| aisI vyApti thor3e hI ho sakatI hai ki jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ parvata agni vAlA hotA hai| rasoIghara ko bhI dhuA dekhakara parvata rUpa mAnane kA prasaGga prApta ho jAvegA / ataH tarka ke sAdhya meM aura anumAna ke sAdhya meM yahI antara AtA hai ki tarka kA sAdhya sAmAnya kevala lagni Adi rUpa hI hotA hai aura anumAna kA sAdhya sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI hotA hai| yadi anumAna kA sAdhya tarka kA sAdhya, banA diyA jAve to bAta vilakula bigar3a jaavegii| jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ agni hai yaha kahanA to ThIka hai| lekina jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ agni vAlA parvata hai, yaha ThIka nahIM hai / rasoIghara Adi bhI agni vAlA ho sakatA hai / / 15 // dharmI kI siddhi kA kathana :-- sUtra-kvacidvikalpAtpramANAtadubhayatazca misiddhiH // 16 / / artha-dharmI kI siddhi kahIM para vikalpa se. kahIM para pramANa se aura kahIM para pramANa aura vikalpa donoM se hotI hai| vyAkhyA- anumAna meM sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI ko sAdhya kahA gayA hai isaliye anumAna ke sAdhya ke do bhAga ho jAte haiM-eka dharma aura dUsarA dharmI / inameM "prasiddho dharmI" ke anusAra dharmI prasiddha hotA hai / isI bAta ko isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne prakaTa kiyA hai / isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki dharmI kI prasiddhi tIna prakAra se hotI hai-eka vikalpa se, dUsare pramANa se aura tIsare donoM se| inameM vikalpasiddha dharmI meM sattA-astitva yA asattA-nAstitva ye do hI sAdhya hote haiM / jisa dharmI meM astitva aura nAstitva ke atirikta aura koI dharma sAdhya nahIM ho sakatA hai, vahI vikalpasiddha dharmI kahA gayA hai| hara eka dharmI

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nyAyaralasAra : tRtIya adhyAya 16 pramANaprasiddha hotA hai / yadi aisI hI bAta mAna lI jAya to anumAna vyartha hI nahIM ho jAtA kintu baha svayaM kA virodhI bhI ho jAtA hai, jaise--"khara viSANaM nAsti" khara viSANa nahIM hai "anupalabdheH" kyoMki usakI prApti-upalabdhi nahIM hai / yahA~ dharmI kharaviSANa hai| usakA nAstitva sAdhya hai aura anupalabdhi hetu hai| yahA~ yadi kharaviSANa ko pramANaprasiddha dharmI mAna liyA jAve to isase kharaviSANa kA astitva hI siddha ho jAne se "kharaviSANaM nAsti anupalabdheH" isI anumAna dvArA phira usakA nAstitva siddha karanA apane hI aGga ke sAtha apanA virodha karanA hai| kyoMki isI anumAna kA eka aGga kharaviSANa kA astitva siddha karatA hai aura dUsarA aGga nAstitva / jo dharmI kebala zAbdika rUpa meM astitva yA nAstitva siddha karane ke liye mAna liyA jAtA hai vahIM dharmI vikalpasiddha kahalAtA hai| vikalpa siddha dharmoM kA astitva yA nAstitva kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotA hai / pramANa se jisakA astitva siddha hotA hai vaha dharmI pramANaprasiddha dharmI kahalAtA hai, jaise-"parvato'yaM vahnimAn dhUmAt" yaha parvata agni vAlA hai kyoMki isameM dhUma hai / yahA~ parvata dharmI pramANaprasiddha dharmI hai / kyoMki vaha pratyakSa se dekhane meM A rahA hai| ubhayasiddha dharmI meM dharmI kA kucha aMza pramANaprasiddha hotA hai aura kucha aMza vikalpasiddha hotA haijaise "zabdo'nityaH kRtakatvAt" zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kutrima hai / yahA~ samasta hI trikAlavartI zabda dharmI hue haiM so vartamAnakAlika zabda to zravaNa-pratyakSa se siddha haiM aura bhUta-bhaviSyatkAla kA zabda vikalpasiddha hai / / 16 / / parArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa : sUtra-svArthAnumAna pratirodhaka pakSahetu vacanAtmaka vAkyaM parArthAnumAnamupacArAt / / 17 / / ayaM-svArthAnumAna ko zabdoM dvArA kahanA parArthAnumAna hai / anumAna yadyapi jJAnasvarUpa kahA gayA hai para yahA~ jo vAkya ko parArthAnumAna kahA hai vaha kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake kahA gayA hai / yaha parArthAnumAna pakSa aura hetu ke kahane rUpa hotA hai| vyAkhyA-anumAna pramANa hai / aura pratyeka pramANa jJAnasvarUpa hotA hai| yahAM parArthAnumAna ko vacanarUpa kahA gayA hai| so vacana to jar3arUpa haiM-ataH ve pramANarUpa kase ho sakate haiM ? so isI bAta kA uttara "upacArAt" pada dvArA diyA gayA hai| samajhAne vAlA dUsare ziSyAdi ko vacana dvArA hI samajhAtA hai aura usake kahane se vaha anumAna ke svarUpa ko samajha letA hai / ataH ziSyAdigata anumAna jJAnarUpa kArya kA kAraNa hone se vacana ko kAraNa meM kArya ke upacAra se anumAnarUpa kaha diyA gayA hai // 17|| vyApti kA svarUpa :..... sUtra-sAdhyAvinAmAvo vyAptiH / / 18 / / artha--sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kA jo avinAbhAva hai usI kA nAma byApti hai| vyAkhyA-sAdhya-vahni Adi ke binA sAdhana-dhUmAdi hetu kA nahIM honA isI kA nAma sAdhyAvinAbhAva hai| kyoMki jahA~ agni nahIM hotI hai aise jala hRdAdi pradeza meM dhUma kA abhAva hotA hai| ema bAdhaka pramANa ke cala se isa vyApti kA nizcaya hotA hai / / 18 / / vyApti ke bheda : sUtra-antaryApti-bahirvyAptibhedAviyaM dvividhA // 16 //

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nyAyaratnasAra tRtIya adhyAya artha - yaha vyApti antarvyApti aura bahirvyApti ke bheda se do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| vyAkhyA yaha prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki sAdhyAvinAbhAvarUpa vyApti hotI hai / yaha vyApti pUrvokta rUpa se do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| pakSa meM hI jo sAdhya-sAdhana kA sAhacaryarUpa sambandha gRhIta kara liyA jAtA hai vaha antarvyApti hai| jaise - yaha merA putra ghara meM bola rahA hai kyoMki yadi yaha merA putra na hotA to usakA aisA svara nahIM hotA / yahA~ para pakSa merA putra hai. gRha meM bola rahA hai. yaha sAdhya hai aura evaMvidhasvarAnyathAnupapatti yaha hetu hai / yahA~ para sAdhana kI vyApti sAdhya ke sAtha matputra rUpa pakSa meM hI gRhIta huI hai bAhara meM nahIM kyoMki yahA~ dRSTAnta kA abhAva hai / tathA jahA~ para sAdhya sAdhana kI vyApti pakSa se atirikta dUsare sthala meM gRhIta kI jAtI hai vaha bahirvyApti hai| jaise -- yaha parvata agni vAlA hai kyoMki isameM se dhUma nikala rahA hai| jo dhUma vAlA hotA hai vaha agni vAlA hai jaise - rasoIghara / yahA~ dhUma aura agni kI vyApti rasoI meM gRhIta kI gaI hai // 16 // antarvyApti aura bahirvyApti kA svarUpa kathana : 20 | sUtra - pakSIkRte dharmiNi tadanyatra ca sAdhyasAdhanayorvyAptigraho'ntarvyAiptiH // 20 // 16 veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA se isa sUtra kA artha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai / / 27 // pakSa prayoga kI AvazyakatA : sUtra - pakSe hetorupasaMhAravacanavat sAdhye vivakSitA dhAratA pradarzanArthaM sa prayoktavyaH ||21|| artha -- pakSa meM hetu ko duharAne kI taraha sAdhya meM vivakSita AdhAratA prakaTa karane ke liye pakSa kA prayoga avazya karanA cAhiye / vyAkhyA - bauddha siddhAnta pakSa kA prayoga nahIM mAnatA hai ataH usakA prayoga karanA cAhiye, isa bAta ko prakaTa karane ke liye yaha sUtra kahA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha bAta ThIka hai ki jahA~ jahAM ghUma hotA hai| vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai| itanA nizcaya tarka se ho jAtA hai aura isa taraha pakSa gamyamAna ho jAtA hai. parantu phira bhI sAdhya kA niyata pakSa ke sAtha sambandha siddha karane ke liye gamyamAna bhI pakSa kA prayoga Avazyaka hai / yadi pakSa kA prayoga na kiyA jAve to sAdhya kahA~ para hai ? parvata meM hai yA rasoIghara meM hai ? aisA sandeha dUra nahIM ho sakatA hai | ataH jisa prakAra hetu meM vivakSita AdhAratA prakaTa karane ke liye punaH pakSa meM hetu kA prayoga kiyA gayA nirdoSa mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra se gamyamAna bhI pakSa kA prayoga nirdoSa mAnanA cAhiye // 21 // prakArAntara se pakSa prayoga kA samarthana : sUtra --- sAdhana samarthanamiva pakSaprayogo'paryanuyogArhaH ||22|| artha - jisa prakAra hetu kA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra pakSa kA prayoga bhI aparya yogA hai| vyAkhyA- - hetu ke prayoga ke bAda jisa prakAra usakA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai, hetu ke prayoga ke binA usakA samarthana nahIM ho sakatA / usI prakAra pakSa ke prayoga binA sAdhya ke AdhAra kA nizcita jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| tAtparya isa kathana kA aisA hai ki bauddhoM ne svayaM isa bAta ko aGgIkAra kiyA hai ki hetu prayoga kiye binA usakA samarthana nahIM hotA hai aura samarthana hue binA vaha apane sAdhya kI

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nyAyaratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya | 21 siddhi karane meM asamartha rahatA hai| isI prakAra sAdhya kA niyata AdhAra prakaTa karane ke liye pakSa kA prayoga praznAha nahIM hai kyoM karanA cAhiye isa prakAra se AkSepArha nahIM hai // 22 // hetu prayoga ke bheda : sUtra -hetuprayogodvividhassathopapattirUpo'nyathA'nupapattirUpazca // 23 // artha-hetu kA prayoga tathopapattirUpa aura anyathAnupAttirUpa ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| vyApA.. - sAdhya ke sAH kaH vilayA hai, aura utti nAma hetu kA honA hai| isa taraha sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI hetu kA honA yaha tathopapattirUpa hetu hai, jaise-"parvata meM agni hai kyoMki usameM dhUma hai" / yahAM dhUmarUpa hetu tathopapatti rUpa hai, kyoMki vaha mAdhya-agni ke sadbhAva meM hI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / anyathA zabda kA artha sAdhya kA abhAva hai aura anupapatti zabda kA artha dhUma kA-sAdhana kAnahIM honA hai| isa taraha mAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA nahIM honA yaha anyathAnupapanirUpa hetu hai| inameM kisI eka ke prayoga karane meM hI sAdhya ke madbhAtra kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| ataH eka mAtha anumAna meM donoM kA prayoga karanA anAvazyaka hai / / 23 / / anumAnoM ke aGgoM kA vicAra : sUtra-1kSa sAdhana evAtumAnAGga / / 24 // artha-pakSa-pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI anumAna ke aGga haiM / udAharaNAdika nhiiN| vyAkhyA-sUtra meM avadhAraNArthaka jo eva zabda AyA hai usase ye do hI-pakSa-aura sAdhana hetu anumAna ke aGga haiM, udAharaNAdika nahIM / udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigama ye tIna anumAna ke aGga nahIM haiM / pakSa zabda se yadyapi sAdhya dharma kA AdhArabhUta parvatAdi pradeza kahA jAtA hai parantu yahA~ anumAnAGga ke vicAra meM dharma-sAdhya evaM dharmI--jisameM dharma rahatA hai-ina donoM kA samudAya hI pakSa se gRhIta huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise pratijJA bhI kahA gayA hai / pratijJA zabda kA prayoga parArthAnumAna kI apekSA se aura pakSa zabda kA prayoga svArthAnumAna kI apekSA se kahA gayA jAnanA cAhiye / yadyapi koI-koI anumAna keparArthAnumAna ke udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ye tIna aGga aura bhI mAnate haiM / isa taraha unake mata ke anusAra pA~ca aGga ho jAte haiM / ina aGgoM kA svarUpa kathana Age isI adhyAya meM Ane vAlA hai| parantu yahA~ para jo do hI aGga anumAna ke prakaTa kiye gaye haiM, ve vyutpanna zrotA kI apekSA se hI prakaTa kiye gaye haiM, alpabuddhi zrotA kI apekSA se nahIM, usakI apekSA to pAMcoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNAdika samajhane ke subhIte ke liye haiN| vAstava meM ye anumAna ke aGga isaliye nahIM haiM ki ye anumAna ke hisse nahIM haiM / aGga kA tAtparya hissA hai| udAharaNAdika sahAyaka mAtra haiN| jaise hAtha paira Adi zarIra ke aGga haiM vaise pakSa, hetu anumAna ke aGga haiN| vastrAdi Avazyaka hone para bhI aGga nahIM mAne gaye haiN| vaise hI samajhane ke liye Avazyaka hone para bhI udAharaNAdika aGga nahIM kahe gaye haiM // 24 / / zeSa aGgoM ke kathana kI apekSA sUtra-mandhamatipratipAdyApekSayodAharaNAdInyapi paJca yathAyathaM prayojyAni / / 25 // artha-manda mati vAle pratipAdya-ziSyajanoM kI apekSA udAharaNAdikoM kA bhI yathAyogya rIti se prayoga karanA kahA gayA hai|

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22/ nyAyaratnasAra : tutIya adhyAya vyAkhyA- isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne yaha samajhAyA hai ki parArthAnumAna kA eka hI prakAra nahIM hai / dUsare ko jisa kisI bhI taraha saralatA se prameya kI pratIti ho jAya usI taraha se yala karake samajhAnA cAhiye / dUsaroM ko samajhAnA pamarthAnumAna hai / vyutpanna tIvra buddhi bAle ziSya kI apekSA pUrvokta rUpa me do hI aGga kahe gaye haiM / parantu jo pratipAdya pakSa Adi ke jJAna se abhI taka anabhijJa hai, use samajhAne ke liye pAMcoM addhoM taka kA bhI prayoga Avazyaka hai| isa taraha prayoga kI paripATo pratipAdya ke Azaya ke anusAra kahI gaI jAnanI cAhiye // 25 // pA kA svarUpAcana --- sUtra--sAdhyadharmAdhAraH pakSaH // 23 // artha-sAdhya rUpa dharma kA jo AdhAra hotA hai usakA nAma pakSa hai / jaise--"parvato'yaM vahnimAn dhUmAt" isa anumAna prayoga meM vahnirUpa sAdhya dharma kA AdhAra parvata hai| isI kA nAma pakSa hai // 26 / / pratijJA kA svarUpa-- sUtra-dhAmasamudAyarUpa pakSasya pratipAdanaM pratijJA yathA parvato'yamagnimAniti / / 27 / / artha-dharma aura dharmI kA mamudAya rUpa jo pakSa hai usa pakSa kA kathana karanA, yaha pratijJA hai| jaise-"yaha parvata agni vAlA hai" itanA khnaa| yahAM agni dharma hai aura parbata dharmI hai / yaha parvata agni vAlA hai, aisA kahanA pratijJA hai / yaha pratijJA parArdhAnumAna ko apekSA se hI kahI hai| svArthAnumAna kI apekSA se nahIM, kyoMki vacanoM dvArA pratipAdana karanA parArthAnumAna meM hI hotA hai, svArthAnumAna meM nhiiN| isaliye svArthAnumAna meM dharmarmisamudAya pakSa kahA gayA hai / / 27 // hetu kA svarUpa sUtra-sAdhyAyinAbhAvI hetuH ||28|| artha--sAdhya ke binA jo nahIM hotA hai aisA sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetu kahA gayA hai| vyAkhyA hetu yadi hogA to niyama se sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI hogA aura jo apane sAdhya ke binA hogA vaha hetu nahIM hetvAbhAsa hogaa| hA~, sAdhya apane sAdhana ke binA bhI ho sakatA hai / kyoMki sAdhya vyApaka hotA hai aura sAdhana usakA vyApya hotA hai / vyApya vyAna ko vyApta karatA hai, vyAeka vyApya ko vyApta nahIM karatA hai / aisA niyama hai, jahA~-jahA~ zizapA hogA vahA~-vahA~ niyama se vRkSatva hogA / para jahA~ vRkSatva hogA vahA~ zizapA ho bhI aura na bhI ho| isIliye sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvI jo hotA hai vahI samIcIna hetu kahA gayA hai / yadyapi isa lakSaNa se hI sAdhana kI ThIka-ThIka jAnakArI ho jAtI hai phira bhI aneka dArzanikoM ne dUsare zabdoM meM bhI sAdhana kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| jaise--jisameM pakSadharmatA, sapanesattva aura vipakSa se vyAvRtti ho use sAdhana kahate haiM / sAdhya jahA~ siddha kiyA jAya yA sAdhya ke rahane kA ho usakA nAma pakSa hai| jaise agni ke anamAna meM parvata / jahA~ sAdhya ke rahane kA nizcaya ho use sapakSa kahate haiM, jaise-usI anumAna meM rasoIghara Adi / jahA~ sAdhya ke abhAva kA nizcaya ho use vipakSa kahate haiM, jaise-tAlAba Adi / marUpa hetu parvatarUpa pakSa meM aura rasoIghara Adi bhapa sapakSa meM rahatA hai aura vipakSa-tAlAba Adi meM nahIM rahatA hai / isa taraha yaha hetu zrilakSaNa vAlA siddha hotA hai / ina 1. "prayoga paripATI tu pratipAdyAnurodhataH / "

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nyAyaratnasAra tRtIya adhyAya | 23 tIna ke atirikta aura bhI do adhika lakSaNa kinhI kinhI dArzanikoM ne mAne haiM, ve abAdhita viSaya aura asatpratipakSa haiM / "agniranuSNo dravyatvAt jalavat" isa anumAna prayoga meM dravyatva hetu kA viSaya jo anuors hai vaha agni meM pratyakSa pramANa se vAMdhita hai, kyoMki agni garama hotI hai| aisI bAdhita viSayatA hetu meM nahIM honI caahiye| isI prakAra hetu ko asatpratipakSa bhI honA caahiye| satpratipakSa vAlA hetu apane sAdhya kA sAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra trirUpatA yA paMcarUpatA hetu kA lakSaNa mAnane meM Apatti kevala itanI hI hai ki aneka hetu virUpatA yA paMcarUpatA ke binA bhI sAdhya ko siddha karate haiN| kyoMki sabhI hetu sAdhya ke sAtha rahane vAle nahIM hote, koI sahabhAvI hote haiM aura koI kramabhAvI hote haiN| dhUma agni ke sAtha rahatA hai ataH isameM pakSadharmatA bhale ho parantu jo kramabhAvI haiM unameM pakSadharmatA kaise raha sakatI hai ? jaiseeka muhUrta ke bAda zakaTanakSatra kA udaya hogA kyoMki kRtikA kA udaya ho rahA hai| yahAM donoM nakSatroM kA udayakAla bhinna-bhinna hai ataH kRtikodaya hetu meM pakSadharmatA nahIM bana sakatI phira bhI hetu apane sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| ataH hetu kA avinAbhAva hI ThIka-- nirdoSa lakSaNa hai // 28 // dRSTAnta kA lakSaNa - sUtra - avinAbhAvapratipatterAspavaM dRSTAntaH // 29 // artha-sAdhya aura sAdhana Apasa meM gamya gamaka hote haiN| sAdhya gamtha hotA hai aura sAdhana samaka hotA hai| ina donoM kA jo avinAbhAva sambandha hai-- agni ke binA dhUma nahIM ho sakatA hai aisA jo sAdhya ke binA sAdhana kA nahIM honA hai-- isa sambandha ko samajhane kA --- jAnane kA jo sthAna hai usakA nAma dRSTAnta hai / sAdhana dvArA sAvya kI siddhi karane meM diyA gayA dRSTAnta una donoM kI vyApti kA smaraNa karAne se vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ko mAnya hotA hai / / 26 / / dRSTAnta kI dvividhatA sUtra - sAdharmya - vaidhadhyAM sa dvividhaH / / 30 / / artha - dRSTAnta do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai eka sAdharmya dRSTAnta aura dUsarA vaidharmya dRSTAnta / vyAkhyA - dRSTa pratyakSa se avalokita sAdhya aura sAdhana kI anvaya aura vyatireka ke dvArA jisameM sAdhyasAdhanabhAva kI vyavasthiti kA - vyApti kA kAraNabhUta anta jJAna ho gayA hotA hai vaha hai | sAdharmya dRSTAnta jaba parvatAdi pradeza meM dhUmarUpa sAdhana dvArA agnirUpa sAdhya siddha kiyA jAtA hai mahAnasAdi rUpa hotA hai| kyoMki sAdhya sAdhana kA dRSTAnta meM rahanA yA to anvaya dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai yA vyatireka ke dvArA / jahA~ para sAdhya - agni Adi ke abhAva meM usake gamaka sAdhana - dhUmAdika kA avazya abhAva dikhAyA jAtA hai vaha vaidharmya dRSTAnta hai / sAdharmya dRSTAnta ko anvaya dRSTAnta aura vaidharmya dRSTAnta ko vyatireka dRSTAnta bhI kahA gayA hai // 30 // anvayavyatireka kA lakSaNa : sUtra - anvayavyAptipradarzana sthala sAdharmya dRSTAntaH // 31 // vyatirekavyAptipradarzanasthala vaidharmya dRSTAntaH // 32 // artha - jahA~ para sAdhya aura sAdhana kI anvayarUpa vyApti dikhAI jAtI hai arthAt jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai, vahA~ vahA~ agni hotI hai aisA dhUma aura agni kA sAhacarya sambandha pratipAdya ko samajhAyA 1. muhUttanti bATodayaM bhaviSyati kRttikodayAt parIkSAmukhe /

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24 | nyAyaratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya jAtA hai aura isake sASTIkaraNa ke liye jo bidhimukha se udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai jaise-rasoIghara, yaha sAdharmya dRSTAnta hai / tathA jahA~ para agni nahIM hotI hai vahIM dhUma bhI nahIM hotA hai yaha vyatireka vyApti hai| isa vyatireka vyApti kA pradarzana sthala tAlAba Adi hotA hai ataH yaha baMdharmya dRSTAnta hai / / 31-32 / / upanaya kA lakSaNa sUtra-sAdhyAdhAre punahetu sadbhAva khyApanamupanayaH / / 33 // artha-sAdhya ke AdhArabhUna pakSa meM hetu kA duharAnA-punaH hetu ke sadbhAva kA kathana karanAisa kA nAma upanaya hai| vyAkhyA-jaba pratipAdya ko aisA samajhAyA jAtA hai ki jahAM-jahAM dhUma hotA hai vahAM-vahAM agni hotI hai jaise mahAnasa / usI prakAra se isa parvatAdi pradeza meM bhI dhUma hai ataH yahAM para bhI agni hai so isa prakAra se eka bAra to dhUmAdipa sAdhana kA prayoga "parvato'yaM vahnimAn dhUmAt" isa prakAra kI pratijJA ko kahane samaya kiyA gayA phira anvaya 21nta mahAnasAdi rUpa dikhAte hue punaH aisA kahA gayA ki "dhUmazcAtra" yahAM para bhI dhUma hai so isa prakAra ke pakSa meM jo hetu kA duharAnA hai bahI upanaya hai // 33 // nigamana kA svarUpa sUtra-pratijJAyAH punarvacanaM nigamanam / / 34 / / artha-yaha parvata agni vAlA hai aisI jo pratijJA hai so isa pratijJA kA upanaya ke vAda punaH duharAnA hI nigamana hai / / 34 / / dRSTAntAdi anumAna ke aGga kyoM nahIM haiM, isakA spaSTIkaraNa sUtra-vRSTAnta vacanaM na sAdhyapratipattyarthaM prabhavati tatra hetoreva vyApArAt / / 35 / / vyAkhyA--anya dArzanikoM ne anumAna kA aGga dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ina sabako mAnA hai para jaina dArzanikoM ne vyutpannamati vAle vAdI evaM prativAdI ko hI bAda karane kA adhikAra hotA hai isa mabhiprAya se anumAna ke parArthAnumAna ke pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI aGga mAne haiM / yadyapi pIche ke prakaraNa meM isa bAta kA vicAra ho gayA hai parantu phira bhI prakaraNavaza isakA vicAra punaH prakArAntara se yahAM para kiyA jA rahA hai anumAna kA aGga dRSTAnta hai yaha kisa bAta ko AdhAra mAnakara kahA jAtA hai ? kyA usase pakSa meM sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai ? isaliye vaha anumAna kA aGga hai to yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki pakSa meM sAdhya kA jJAna to usake abinAbhAtrI hetu ke prayoga se hI ho jAtA hai / / 35 / / sUtra-nApi sadavinAbhAvasmRtaye'nyathAnupapattibalAdeva tatsiddhaH // 36 / / artha-yadi kahA jAye ki vaha dRSTAnta avinAbhAva sambandha ko smRti karA detA hai isaliye vaha anumAna kA aGga hai so yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki anyathAnupapattirUpa jo hetu kA lakSaNa hai usake bala se hI sAdhya aura sAdhana ke avinAbhAva kI smRti pramAtA ko ho jAyA karatI hai // 36 / / sUtra-nApi dRSTAntenAnyathAnupapattaniyo'navasthA prasaGgAt / / 37 // artha-dRSTAnta se hetu ke svarUparUma anyathAnupapatti kA nirNaya hotA hai yadi aisA kahA jAve so yaha bhI kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra kI mAnyatA meM anavasthA dUSaNa Ane kA prasaGga prApta /

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nyAyaratnasAra tRtIya adhyApa | 25 hotA hai| kyoMki vivakSita dRSTAnta meM anyathAnupapatti ke nirNaya nimitta vivAda ho jAne para dUsare dRSTAnta kI usake nirNaya ke lie AvazyakatA hogii| dUsare dRSTAnta meM tIsare dRSTAnta kI-- isa taraha dRSTAntaroM kI apekSA hote-hote kahIM bhI anyathAnupapatti ke nirNaya kI vyavasthiti nahIM bana sakegI // 37 // sUtra - upanayanigamanayorapyevameva // 38 // artha - anumAna kA aGga udAharaNa - dRSTAnta--- nahIM hai| jisa taraha yaha kahA gayA hai usI prakAra upanaya aura nigamana bhI anumAna ke aGga nahIM haiM yaha samajha lenA cAhiye // 38 // hetubheda kathana : sAdhya-sattAisattAsAdhako hy paladhyanupalabdhi vyAkhyA hetu do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai-eka upalabdhi aura dUsarA anupalabdhirUpa hetu / upalabdhi hetu vidhirUpa aura anupalabdhirUpa hetu pratiSedharUpa hotA hai| parvata meM agni siddha karane vAlA dhUmarUpa hetu upalabdhirUpa - vizvarUpa hotA hai / "hA~ dhUma nahIM hai kyoMki vahA~ agni nahIM hai" yahA~ agni kI anupalabdhirUpa jo hetu hai vaha pratiSedharUpa - anupalabdhirUpa hai| upalabdhirUpa hetu yA anupalabdhirUpa hetu ye donoM hI hetu apane sAdhya kI sattA ke bhI sAdhaka hote haiM aura usakA ke bhI mAdhaka hote haiM / isa taraha vidhirUpa - upalabdhirUpa hetu do taraha kA aura anupalabdhirUpa hetu do taraha kA hotA hai| isa prakAra me hetuoM ke cAra bheda ho jAte haiM- vidhirUpa vidhisAdhaka ( 1 ) vidhirUpa pratiSeka sAdhaka (2), pratiSedharUpa vidhisAdhaka (3), aura pratiSedharUpa pratiSedhasAdhaka ( 4 ) / ina cAroM ko dUsare zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiM - aruddhopalabdhi (1), viruddhopalabdhi (2) aviruddhAnupalabdhiH (3) aura biruddhAnupalabdhi (4) / isa prakAra se tathA unhIM ke uttarabhedoM se hetu meM anekavidhatA AtI hai // 36 // isI kA spaSTIkaraNa mAge ke sUtroM se kiyA jAtA hai| sUtra - viruddhA viruddho pala kathanupalandhibhedAt rUpa heturanekavidhaH // 37 // sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdhi kA udAharaNa :- sUtra - dhvaniH pariNatimAn prayatnAnantarIyakatvAditiprathamA / / 40 / / artha - dhvani - zabda pariNati vAlA hai- anitya hai kyoMki vaha prayatnapUrvaka hotA hai| jo prayatnapUrvaka hotA hai, vaha anitya hotA hai jaise ghaTa, athavA jo anitya nahIM hotA vaha prayatnapUrvaka utpanna nahIM hotA jaise vandhyA putra / vyAkhyA - zabda prayatnapUrvaka hotA hai ataH vaha anitya hai / isa prakAra se yaha anvaya vyatireka dvArA sAdhya se aviruddha vyApya kI upalabdhi vidhisAdhaka kahI gaI hai| yahA~ prayatnapUrvaka hone rUpa hetu "pariNatimattva" sAdhya kA vyApya hai, aura "pariNatimattva" yaha vyApaka hai| kyoMki pariNatimatva to megha, indradhanuSa Adi meM bhI rahatA hai, para yahA~ prayatnAntarIyakatva nahIM rahatA hai| isa taraha yaha hetu sAdhya se aviruddha vyApyopalabdhirUpa hai| isI taraha "ghar3A" sthUla pariNAmI hai, kyoMki vaha manuSya ke dvArA banAyA jo jAtA hai| jo kisI ke dvArA banAyA jAtA hai, vaha sthUla pariNAmI hotA hai-- jaise vastra / pariNAmI sthUla nahIM hotA vaha kisI manuSya ke dvArA banAyA nahIM jAtA jaise AkAza paramANu Adi / yahA~ kisI ke dvArA banAyA jAnA rUpa hetu sthUla pariNAma rUpa sAdhya kA vyApya hai / kyoMki bahuta sI cIjeM aisI haiM jo sthUla pariNAmI to hotI haiM, parantu kisI manuSya ke dvArA meM banAI nahIM jAtI hai, jaise- indradhanuSa aadi| yahA~

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26/ nyAyaraTanasAra : tRtIya adhyAya sthUla pariNAmitva zyApaka aura kisI manuSya ke dvArA banAyA jAtA sAdhya hetu-cyApya hai / yaha vyApya yahA~ upalabdha hai aura sthUla pariNAmitva ke astitva kI siddhi karatA hai" aisA kathana bhI isI ke antargata samajhanA cAhiye / / / 40 // aviruddha kAryopalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-pazoDAmamnimAna dhUpa pavAbhAdizi visIyA / / artha-isa parvata meM agni hai kyoMki yahA~ para dhUma kI upalabdhi ho rahI hai| yahA~ dhUmarUpa hetu sAdhya kA-agni kA aviruddha kArya hai aura usakI upalabdhi parvata meM ho rahI hai / ataH yaha vahA~ agni astitva siddha karatA hai / / 41 / / kA aviruddha kAraNopalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-astyatra chAyA chatrAta / / 42 / / artha--yahA~ chAyA hai kyoMki usake kAraNabhUta chatra ko upalabdhi ho rahI hai, yahA~ chAyArUpa sAthya kA aviruddha kAraNa chatra hai aura usakI upalabdhi ho rahI hai / isase chAyA kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai| yahA~ aisI AzaGkA nahIM karanI cAhiye ki rAtri meM chatra ke astitva meM bhI chAyA kA astitva nahIM rahatA hai kyoMki andhakAra kI adhikatA hone se usameM vaha chipa jAtI hai / / 42 / / sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-bhaviSyati rohiNyudayaH kRtikodayopalambhAditi caturthI / / 43 / / artha-rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya hogA kyoMki abhI kRtikA nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hai| kRttikA nakSatra ke bAda hI rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya hotA hai| yahA~ kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya rUpa hetu rohiNI nakSatrarUpa sAdhya kA aviruddha pUrvacara hai| isaliye vaha apane udaya ke bAda rohiNI nakSatra ke udaya kA astitva prakaTa karatA hai, isI prakAra "kala ravivAra hogA kyoMki Aja zanivAra hai / yahA~ zanivAra rUpa le ravivAra ke udaya kA aviruddha pUrvacara hetU hai / isase vaha kala ravivAra ke hone kI sattA siddha karatA hai" yaha kathana bhI isI ke antargata jAna lenA cAhiye / / 43 / / aviruddha uttara caropalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-udagAnmuhattatpUrva punarvasuH puSyodayopalammAviti paJcamI / / 44 / / artha--eka muhUrta ke pahile punarvasu nakSatra kA udaya ho cukA hai kyoMki abhI puSya nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hai / yahA~ sAdhya punarvasu nakSatra kA udaya ho cukanA hai aura usakA aviruddha uttaracara puSya nakSatra kA ho rahA udaya hai| isakI upalabdhi se usake udaya ho cukane kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai imI prakAra se "kala ravivAra ho cukA hai kyoMki Aja somavAra hai" isa prakAra ke kathana ko isI ke antargata jAnanA cAhiye // 44 / / aviruddha sahacaropalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-asmin sahakAra phale rUpavizeSo'sti samAsvAyasAna-rasa-vizeSAt iti sAdhyAviruddhasahaparopalabdhiH // 45 // zyAkhyA-isa Ama meM rUpavizeSa hai kyoMki isa samaya jo rasa cakhane meM A rahA hai vaha vizeSa deta ho

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nyAyaratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya |27 prakAra kA hai| yahA~ sAdhya rUpavizeSa hai aura usakA aviruddha sahara rasavizeSa hai / usakI upalabdhi hone rUpa vizeSa kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai / gAya ke jaise sIMga sAtha-sAtha hote haiM unameM kArya kAraNa sambandha nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra se rUpa rasAdika kA sambandha hotA hai / ataH rAtri meM prakAzAbhAva meM cakhe gaye ramavizeSa ke svAda se usake sahacArI rUpavizeSa kI anumiti ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra se ye vidhirUpa hetuoM dvArA vidhirUpa' sAdhya kI sAdhaka 6 upalabdhiyA~ dRSTAntoM dvArA prasphuTita kI haiN| aba vidhirUpa hetuoM dvArA sAdhya ke pratiSedha kI sAdhikA jo upalabdhiyAM haiM ve samajhAI jAtI haiM // 45 // viruddhopalabdhi kA kathana : sUtra-sAdhyaviruddhopalabdhipratiSedhAnumito saptaviMdhA viruddhasvabhAva-vyApyAca palabdhi bhedAt // 46 / / __ artha--niSedha siddha karane vAlI sAdhyaviruddhopalabdhi-vidhirUpa pratiSedhasAdhakopalabdhi svabhAvaviruddhopalabdhi, virUddhavyApyopalabdhi Adi ke bheda se sAta prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| vyAkhyA-jaba sAdhya se aviruddha vyApyAdi pa hetuoM kI prApti hotI hai laba una hetuoM dvArA sAdhya kA astitva siddha kiyA jAtA hai yaha bAta abhI-abhI spaSTa udAharaNoM se spaSTa kI jA cukI hai| ava isa sUtra dvArA yaha sapanAma : nhA hai ki jo hetu Apane sAdhya se biruddha ho aura usakI vahA~ upalabdhi ho to vaha niyama se sAdhya ke pratiSedha ko hI siddha kregii| isIliye viruddhopalabdhi ko sAdhya ke pratiSedha kI sAdhikA kahA gayA hai| isake svabhAva viruddhopalabdhi Adi ke bheda se sAta prakAra kahe gaye haiM jo isa prakAra se haiM-svabhAva viruddhopalabdhi (1), viruddha vyApyopalabdhi (2), viruddha kAryopalabdhi (3), viruddha kAraNopalabdhi (4), viruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi (5), viruddha uttaracaropalabdhi (6), aura viruddhasahacaropalabdhi (7) |ab sUtrakAra Age ke sUtroM dvArA inheM hI dRSTAnta dekara spaSTa karate haiM / / 46 // sUtra-AdhA-sarvathakAntapakSo na saMbhavati / anekAnta pakSopalambhAditi / / 47 // vyAkhyA-viruddhopalabdhi kA prathama bheda jo svabhAva viruddhopalabdhi hai usakA svarUpa isa prakAra se hai / jaise--sarvathA ekAnta pakSa saMbhAvita nahIM hotA hai kyoMki anekAnta pakSa kI upalabdhi hai| yahA~ pratiSedhya sarvathA ekAnta pakSa hai, usakA pratiSedhaka anekAnta pakSa hai / usakI upalabdhi se usakA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai kyoMki yaha ekAnta pakSa se viruddha svabhAvarUpa hai ataH anekAnta pakSa kI upalabdhi se usa ekAnta pakSa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai // 47 / / / viruddha vyAgyopalabdhi kA kathana : sUtra-dvitIyA--asmistatva nizcayonAsti tatva-sandehAt / / 4 / / dhyAkhyA-viruddha vyApyopalabdhi yaha viruddhopalabdhi kA dvitIya bheda hai| isakA stulAsA isa prakAra se hai-isa prANI meM tattvoM kA nizcaya nahIM hai kyoMki ise vahA~ sandeha hai / yahA~ tatvoM kA nizcaya pratiSedha hai usase viruddha anizcaya hai aura usakA vyApya sandeha hai / usakI upalabdhi isa prANI meM hai, isase tattva nizcaya kA abhAva vahA~ anumati hotA hai // 48 // viruddha kAryopalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra--tRtIyA-asminnAsti krodhopazamo badana vikArophlambhAt // 46 // dhyAlyA-viruddha kAryopalabdhi yaha viruddhopalabdhi kA tIsarA bheda hai / isakA abhimata sA hai

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28 nyAyaratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya ki-sAdhya se viruddha kArya kI upalabdhi jahA~ hotI hai vahA~ vaha abhAva kI sAdhaka hotI hai| jaise- isa prANI meM krodha kI zAnti nahIM hai kyoMki isameM mukha ke vikAra maujUda haiM / yahA~ para pratiSedhya sAdhya krodhopazama hai usase viruddha krodhAnupaNama hai aura usakA kArya badana vikAra hai usakI upalabdhi isameM pAyI jA rahI hai| isase krodhopazamAbhAva isameM anumita ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra se "yahA~ ThaMDa nahIM hai kyoMki dhuA nikala rahA haiM' yaha udAharaNa bhI isI ke antargata jAnanA cAhiye / / 46 // viruddha kAraNopalabdhi kA udAharaNa :--- sUtra--caturtho- asya mune rasatyavaco nAsti rAgadveSa kAluSyAdUSita jJAnavattvAviti // 50 // syAkhyA-viruddhopalabdhi kA cauthA bheda viruddha kAraNopalabdhi hai aura vaha isa prakAra se hai| isa muni kA vacana asatya nahIM hai kyoMki inakA jJAna rAga-dveSa kAluSya Adi se rahita hai| yahA~ pratiSedhya asatya hai usase viruddha satya hai aura satya ke kAraNabhUta rAgadvaSAdi rahita jJAna kA sadabhAva hai| ataH yaha viruddha kAraNopalabdhi kA udAharaNa hai, isI prakAra se "yaha AdamI sukhI nahIM hai kyoMki isake hRdaya meM zalya hai / yahA~ pratiSedhya sukha hai aura usase virUddha duHkha hai usakA kAraNa hRdaya zalya hai" yaha udAharaNa bhI isI ke sambasa meMnanA caanide| 10 viruddha pUrvataropalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-paJcamo-nodgamiSyati muhUrtAnte zakaTa revatyudgamopalambhAviti / / 51 / / vyAkhyA-viruddhopalabdhi kA pAMcavAM bheda viruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi hai| usakA yaha udAharaNa hai| jaise-eka muharta ke bAda zakaTa-azvinI nakSatra kA udaya nahIM hogA kyoMki abhI revatI kA udaya ho rahA hai, yahA~ para pratiSedhya zakaTodaya hai isake viruddha azvinI kA udaya hai aura isakA pUrvacara revatI kA udaya hai / isase zakaTodaya ke abhAva kI anumiti ho jAtI hai / / 51 // viruddha uttaracaropalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra--SaSThI-nodgAnmuhUti pUrva rohiNI uttaraphalgunyudayAviti / / 12 / / __vyAkhyA---viruddhopalabdhi kA chaThavAM bheda yaha viruddha uttaracaropalabdhi hai- isakA udAharaNa isa prakAra se hai / jaise-eka muhUrta ke pahile rohiNI kA udaya nahIM huA kyoMki abhI uttara-phalgunI kA udaya ho rahA hai / yahA~ pratiSedhya rohiNI kA udaya hai, isake sAtha sAkSAdviruddha pUrvAphAlgunI nakSatra hai aura usakA uttaracara uttaraphAlgunI nakSatra hai| isase muhUrta pUrva rohiNI ke udaya hone kA abhAva anumita ho jAta nAtA hai / rasI prakAra se "isase pahile bharaNI kA udaya nahIM thA kyoMki isa samaya puSya kA udaya hA rahA hai| yahA~ bharaNI ke udaya kA virodhI punarvasu kA udaya hai aura usakA uttaracara puSya nakSatra kA udaya hai" yaha bhI isake antargata jAnanA cAhiye // 52 / / saptamI viruddhasahacaropalabdhi kA udAharaNa :-- sUtra-saptamI-sAdhyaviruddhasahadharopalabdhiyathA-asya munemiyAjJAnaM nAsti samyagdarzanopalambhAditi / / 53 / / vyAkhyA-viruddhopalabdhi kA sAtabA bheda biruddhasahacaropalabdhi hai usakA yaha udAharaNa haijaise--isa muni kA jJAna mithyAjJAna rUpa nahIM hai kyoMki isameM samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi hai| yahA~ pratiSedhya mithyAjJAna hai usase viruddha samyagjJAna hai aura usakA sahacara samyagdarzana hai| usakI upalabdhi se midhyA

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nyAya ratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya | 26 zAna kA abhAva anumita ho jAtA hai| isI taraha "tarAjU kA pahilA palar3A nIcA nahIM hai kyoMki dUsarA palar3A nIcA hai / yahA~ pratiSedhya palar3e kA naucApana hai usake viruddha usakA U~cApana hai aura isakA sahacara hai dUsare palar3e kA nIcApana / usakI upalabdhi se pahile palar3e kA nIcApana kA abhAva anumita ho jAtA hai" yaha kathana bhI isI ke antargata jAnanA cAhiye // 53 / / aviruddhAnupalabdhi-pratiSedharUpa pratiSedha sAdhikA kA yaha hetu kA tIsarA bheda hai--isakA spaSTIkaraNa : sUtra-pratiSedhyAviruddhAnupalabdhiH pratiSaMdhAnumitoM saptavidhA-prativeSyAviruddha svabhAvadhyApaka-kArya-kAraNa-pUrvottara sahacarAnupalabdhibhedAt / / 54 / vyAkhyA- yaha prakaTa hI kiyA jA cukA hai ki anupalabdhirUpa jo hetu hotA hai vaha bhI vidhisAdhaka aura pratiSedhasAdhaka hotA hai / anupalabdhi mUla meM do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai-aviruddhAnupalabdhi (1), aura viruddhAnupalabdhi (2) / inameM pratiSedhya sAdhya se aviruddha hetu kI jahA~ anupalabdhi hai vaha pratiSedha sAdhaka hI hotI hai, yaha pratiSedha-sAdhikA aviruddhAnupalabdhi sAta prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| jaise-pratiSedhya se aviruddha svabhAva kI anupalabdhi (1), pratiSedhya se aviruddha vyApaka kI anupalaci (2), pratiSedhya se aviruddha kAryarUpa hetu kI anupalabdhi (3), pratiSedhya sAdhya me aviruddha kAraNa kI anapalabdhi (4), pratiSadhya sAdhya se aviruddha pUrvacara kI anapalabdhi (5), pratiSedhya sAdhya se aviruddha uttacara kI anupalabdhi (6), aura pratiSadhya sAdhya se Avaruddha sahacara kI anumati) 4 . . sUtra-iha bhUtale ghaTo nAsti upalabdhilakSaNa prAptasyApyanupalambhAditi pratiSedhyAviruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhedAharaNam // 55 // ____ artha-isa bhUtala meM ghar3A nahIM hai kyoMki vaha upalabdha hone yogya hone para bhI upalabdha nahIM ho rahA hai| isa anumAna meM pratiSedhya kumbha haiM / isakA aviruddha svabhAva hone para upalambha honA hai, para vaha upalabdha nahIM ho rahA hai / ataH yaha ghar3e ke pratiSedha ko siddha karatA hai / yaha aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa hai / / 55 / / aviruddhavyApakAnulabdhi kA udAharaNa :-- satra-asmin pradeze zizapA nAsti vRkSAnupalabdheriti pratiSedhyAviruddha vyApakAnuphlanye, / / 56 // artha-pratiSedhyAviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa isa prakAra se hai / jaise--isa pradeza meM zizapA nahIM hai kyoMki vRkSa kI upalabdhi nahIM hai yahA~ pratiSedhya zizapA hai usakA aviruddha vyApaka vakSa hai, usakI anupalabdhi hone se zizapA ke abhAva kI anumiti huI hai / kyoMki vyApaka ke abhAva meM vyApya kA abhAva rahatA hai // 56 / / sUtra-asmit kedAre'pratihatazaktika bIjaM nAsti aMkurAnupalambhAditi pratiSedhyAviruddha kAryAnupalabdheH / / 57 / / artha---isa kheta meM apratihata zakti vAlA bIja nahIM kyoMki yahA~ aMkura kI upalabdhi nahIM ho rahI hai 1 jisakI zakti mantra Adi se roka na dI gaI ho yA purAnA hone se svabhAvataH naSTa na ho gaI ho vaha apratihata zakti bAlA kahalAtA hai / yahA~ pratiSadhya apratihata zakti vAlA vIja hai / usakA aviruddha kArya aMkUra hai so isa aMkura kI anupalabdhi se apratihata zakti vAle bIja kA abhAva anumita kiyA gayA hai // 57 //

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30 / nyAyarattasAra : tRtIya adhyAya aviruddha kAraNAma dhimA udAraNa :--.. sUtra---astha prazamAdayo na santi tatvArthabahAnAbhAvAditipratiSedhyAviruDakAraNAnupalabdheH / / 58 // artha-aviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa isa prakAra se hai, jaise- isa puruSa meM prazama Adi bhAva nahIM haiM kyoMki isa meM tatvArthazraddhAnarUpa samyaktva kA abhAva hai / yahA~ pratiSedhya prazamAdi bhAva haiM / inakA kAraNa tattvArthazraddhAna hai / usakA isameM abhAva hai / usase usameM prazamAdi bhAvoM kA abhAva anumita ho jAtA hai // 58 / / aviruddha pUrvacarAnulabdhi kA udAharaNa :--- sUtra-muhUrtAnte utsara phalgunI nodgamiSyati pUrvaphalgunyuva yAbhAvAviti pratiSedhyA viruddha pUrvacarAnulandheH / / 56 / / bhyAkhyA--aviruddha pUrvacarAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa isa prakAra se hai, jaise-eka muhUrta ke bAda uttaraphalgunI nakSatra kA udaya nahIM hogA kyoMki isa samaya pUrvaphalgunI nakSatra kA udaya nahIM huA hai| yahA~ pratiSedhya sAdhya uttaraphAnI kA udaya hai / isakA avirodhI pUrvacara pUrvaphalgunI kA udaya hai| pUrvaphalgunI ke udaya hone ke bAda hI eka muhUrta meM unaraphalgunI kA udaya hotA hai| ataH jaba pUrvaphalgunI rUpa abiruddha pUrvacara hetu kI anupalabdhi hai to isase yaha anumita ho jAtA hai ki eka muhUrta ke bAda abhI uttaraphalgunI kA udaya hone vAlA nahIM hai / / 56 / / aviruddha uttaracarAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-togAnmuhUtAtpUrva bharagI kRtikodgamAbhAvAditi pratiSedhyA viruddhottaracarAnupalabdhaH // 60 / / artha-eka muharsa ke pahile bharaNI nakSatra kA udaya nahIM huA, kyoMki kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya abhI taka nahIM ho rahA hai / yahA~ pratiSedhyasAdhya eka muhUrta ke pahile bharaNI kA udaya honA hai| usake sAtha aviruddha uttaracara kRttikA nakSatra hai / usake udaya nahIM hone se bharaNI nakSatra kA udayAbhAva anumita huA hai / / 60 / / aviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra--asya samyagjJAnaM nAsti samyagdarzanAnupalambhAditi pratiSedhyAviruddha sahanarAna - palabdheH / / 6 / / artha-aviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa isa prakAra se hai, jaise--isa puruSa kA jJAna samyagjJAna nahIM hai kyoMki isameM samyagyarzana kA abhAva hai| yahAM pratiSedhyasAdhya samyagjJAna hai aura usakA aviruddha mahanArI samyagdarzana hai / usakA isameM sadbhAva nahIM hai ataH isake abhAva meM usameM samyagjJAna kA abhAva anumita ho jAtA hai / / 61 / / vidhisAdhaka viruddhAnupalabdhi kA vicAra : sUtra-sAdhyaviruddhAnupalabyidhisiddhau paJcavidhA-sAdhya-viruddha kArya, kAraNa, svabhAva, vyApapha, sahacarAnupalambhabhavAt // 62 //

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nyAyaranasAra : tRtIya adhyAya artha-isakA dUsarA bheda pratiSedharUpa vidhisAdhaka hai / kyoMki isameM jo hetu diyA jAtA hai vaha to pratiSevarUpa hotA hai aura sAdhya vidhirUpa hotA hai / yaha pA~ca prakAra kI kahI gaI hai, jaise sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhi 1, sAdhyaviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi 2, sAdhyaviruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhi 3, sAdhyaviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi 4, aura sAdhyaviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi 5, inakA pratyeka ko spaSTIkaraNa sUtrakAra svayaM Age sUtroM dvArA karate haiM / / / 2 / / sAdhyaviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa :--- sUtra-sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhiryathA--asminapuruSa rogAtizayo nIrogaceSTAnupalammAt // 63 // artha-isa anupalabdhi meM sAdhya se viruddha ke kArya kI anupalabdhi vivakSita huI hai / ataH jahA~ sAdhya se viruddha ke kArya kI anupalabdhi hotI hai, vahA~ sAdhya ke sadbhAva ko hI siddhi hotI hai| jaise--isa puruSa meM roga kA atizaya hai kyoMki nIroga ceSTA dekhane meM nahIM A rahI hai| yahAM para sAdhya rogAtizaya hai se bisdAnIrogatA hai aura isakA kArya marakha kI prasannatA Adi kA vyApAravizeSa hai| isakI dumameM anupalabdhi hai / isase parokSabhUta bhI rogAtiNaya kA sadbhAva anubhita ho jAtA hai / // 62|| sAdhyaviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa -- sUtra-sAdhyavirukhakAraNAnupalabdhirya thA-asmin puruSa duHkhamasti sukha sAdhanAnupalabdhe / / 64 / / artha-isa puruSa meM duHkha hai kyoMki isake pAsa sukha-sAdhana kI anupalabdhi hai| yahA~ mAdhya duHkha hai, duHkha se viruddha sukha hai aura isakA sAdhana iSTasaMyogAdi hai| isakI isake pAsa upalabdhi nahIM hai| isase parokSabhUta duHstra kA sadbhAva isameM anumita ho jAtA hai / / 64 // sAdhyaviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra--sAdhyabiruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhiryathA-vastumAtramanekAntAtmakam ekAntasvabhAvAnupalambhAt / / 65 // ___ artha-sAdhyaviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa isa prakAra se hai--vastu mAtra anekAntAtmaka hai kyoMki ekAnta svabhAva kI usameM anupalaJci hai / yahA~ sAdhya anekAntAtmakatA hai isame viruddha ekAntAtmakatA hai / isa svabhAva kI yahA~ vastumAtra meM upalabdhi nahIM hai ataH anekAntAtmaka sAdhya kI anusita ho jAtI hai / / 65 / sAdhyabiruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-astyasmin pradeze chAyA uSNatvAnupalabdheH / / 66 / / / artha-isa pradeza meM chAyA hai kyoMki yahA~ para uSNatA kI anupalabdhi hai| yahA~ sAdhya chAyA hai usase viruddha Atapa hai / isakA vyApaka uSNatva hai / usakI anupalabdhi se chAyA sAdhya ke astitva kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai / / 66 / / sAdhyaviruddha sahaparAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa : sUtra-asmin puruSa mithyAjJAnamasti samyagdarzanAnupalabdheH / / 67 / / dhyAkhyA sAdhya se viruddha ke sahacara kI jo anupalabdhi hai vaha sAdhyaviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi hai| jaise--isa puruSa meM mithyAjJAna hai kyoMki isameM samyagdarzana kI anupalabdhi hai / yahA~ para sAdhya mithyA

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32 / vanarAra : tI bhAsAya jJAna hai, usase viruddha samyagjJAna hai / usakA sahacara samyagdarzana hai, usakI anupalabdhi se mithyAjJAna kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai / / 67 / / zA-hamane itane isa pUrvokta kathana se yaha to samajha liyA hai ki sAdhya do prakAra kA hotA hai eka vidhirUpa eka pratiSedharUpa / isI prakAra hetu bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai-eka upalabdhirUpa aura dusarA anupalabdhirUpa / inameM upalabdhirUpa hetu vidhisAdhya kA aura pratiSedhasAdhya kA donoM kA sAdhaka hotA hai / isI prakAra se anupalabdhirUpa hetu bhI vidhisAdhya aura pratiSedhasAdhya kA sAdhaka hotA hai / parantu yaha samajha meM nahIM A rahA hai ki vidhi zabda kA aura pratiSedha zabda kA vAcyArtha kyA hai ? sUtra-uttara--bhAvarUpo vidhirabhASAparaca niSedhaH / / 6 / / artha-bhAvarUpa vidhi aMza hotA hai aura abhAvarUpa niSedhAMza hotA hai / / 68 / / vyAkhyA-jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve rAba vAJcit sanstrampa haiM aura kathaMcit amatsvarUpa haiN| inameM jo sadaMNa hai vaha vidhirUpa hai aura jo amadaMza hai banda pratiSedhasvarUpa hai| kathaMci hai, vaha pratiSedhasvarUpa hai / kathaMcit zabda kA artha kisI apekSA hai| isa taraha padArtha meM bhAvarUpatA--vidhirUpatA aura pratiSedha rUpatA- abhAvarUpatA kisI apekSAvaza kahI gaI hai, eka hI apekSA se nahIM, aisA jAnanA cAhiye / / 68 / / abhAva ke prakAra : sUtra-abhAvazcatuvidhaH prAgabhAvapradhvaMsAbhAvAnyonyAbhAvAtyantAmAvabhedAt // 69 / / artha-prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva ke bheda se abhAva cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai // 66 // prAgabhAva kA lakSaNa : sUtra-vivakSitaparyAyAvirbhAvarikto'nAdi sAntastasyotpateH prAgupAdAnapariNAmaH prAgabhAyaH 70 vyAkhyA vivakSita paryAya kI utpatti se rahita, jo upAdAna pariNAma hai vahI usakI utpatti ke pahile usakA prAgabhAva hai / muttikA se jaba taka ghaTa nahIM banatA hai taba taka ghaTa kA vaha mRttikA prAgabhAva rUpa kahI jAtI hai / yaha mRttikA hI ghaTa kA upAdAna pariNAma hai| kyoMki mRttikA hI ghaTarUpa se pariNamita huI hai| yaha prAgabhAva anAdi aura sAnta hotA hai| ghaTa' ke utpanna hote hI usakA prAgabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai aura jaba taka ghaTa utpanna nahIM hotA hai taba taka anAdi se usakA prAgabhAva calA AtA hai / / 70|| pradhvaMsAbhAva kA lakSaNa : sUtra-bhUtvA'bhavanaM sAyanantaH pradhvaMsAbhAvaH // 71 // vyAkhyA--kArya kA utpanna hokara ke phira usa rUpa meM vartamAna nahIM rahanA, isakA nAma pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / yaha pradhvaMsAbhAva sAdi aura ananta hotA hai / jaba mRtpiNDa se ghaTa utpanna hokara naSTa ho jAtA hai taba vaha kapAlamAlA ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| yahI ghaTa kI kapAlamAlA ke rUpa meM jo paryAyAntaritA huI hai vahIM ghaTa kA pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / yaha sAnta hokara ananta rahatA hai / ghaTa ke phUTa jAne para phira vahI ghar3A nahIM banAyA jA sakatA // 71 / / - - -. -.*

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laga anyonyAbhAva kA lakSaNa : nyAyaratnasAra : tRtIya adhyAya 3. sUtra - paryAyAtparyAyAntara vyAvRttiranyonyAbhAvaH sAdiH sAntazca / / 72 / / vyAkhyA - eka paryAya se jo dUsarI paryAya kI bhinnatA hai vaha anyonyAbhAva hai| isakA dUsarA nAma itaretarAbhAva hai| eka paramANu dUsare paramANu se eka pustaka dUsarI pustaka se jo bhinna- alagapratIta hotI hai yaha anyonyAbhAva ke kAraNa hI pratIta hotI hai| isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki pudgala kI eka paryAya kA dUsarI paryAya rUpa nahIM honA, yahI anyonyAbhAva hai| yaha sAdi aura sAnta hotA hai // 72 // atyantAbhAva kA lakSaNa : putra-jyA vyAvRzirasyantAbhAvo'nAdiranantazca // 73 // vyAkhyA - trikAla meM bhI eka dravya kA dUsare dravya rUpa nahIM hotA, gahI atyantAbhAva hai / yaha atyantAbhAva anAdi aura ananta hotA hai| jIva dravya kA trikAla meM bhI pudgala dravya rUpa aura pudgala kA trikAla meM bhI jIba dravya rUpa pariNamana jo nahIM hotA hai, vaha atyantAbhAva ina donoM meM hone ke kAraNa nahIM hotA hai // 73 // | tRtIya adhyAya samApta /

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caturtho'dhyAyaH parokSa pramANa ke smAramAdi bheda pasuSya kathana karake aba ira: adhyAya meM Agama pramANa kA jo ki parokSa pramANa kA pAMcavAM bheda hai, usakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai / sUtra-AptavAkyajatyamarthajJAnamAgamaH / / 1 / / vyAkhyA-Apta ke vAkya se jo artha kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, usakA nAma Agama hai| isakA tAtparya aisA hai--Apta ke bacana se jo jIva va ajIba Adi padArthoM ke svarUpa kA jJAna-bodha hotA hai usa jJAna kA nAma Agama hai| ina padoM kI sArthakatA-padavyAvRtti-nyAyaratnAvalI se jo isa nyAyaratna kI bar3I TIkA hai jAna lenI cAhiye / / 1 / / Apta vAkya meM AgamatA kA kathana : sUtra-sadAcanamapi jAnahetutvAvAgamaH // 2 // vyAkhyA-Apta ke vacana bhI jJAna ke hetu hone se Agama rUpa kahe gaye haiM / jisa prakAra svArthAnumAna ke pratipAdaka vacana anumAnarUpa kahe gaye haiN| usI prakAra Apta ke vacana bhI pratipAdya jana ke jJAna ke kAraNabhUta hone se AgamarUpa kahe jAte haiM / / 2 / / Apta ke bheda : sUtra---avisaMvAvivacanasyAtparamArthato vItarAgasarvajJa-hitopadeSTayAptastIrthakarAvi rvyavahAratastu laukiko jnkaadiH||3|| artha-jisake vacana meM pUrvApara meM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai aura isI kAraNa jo avisaMvAdI vacana vAle hote haiM aise tIrthakara arhanta paramAtmA paramArtha se vItarAga sarvajJa evaM hitopadezI hone ke kAraNa Apta kahe gaye haiM tathA vyavahAradRSTi se laukika janaka Adi prAmANika puruSa bhI Apta mAne gaye haiN| vyAkhyA--mithyAbhASaNa ke do kAraNa hote haiM-ajJAna aura kaSAya / manuSya vastu-svarUpa ThIka-ThIka nahIM jAnatA ho yA ThIka-ThIka jAnatA huA bhI vaha kaSAyayukta ho to aisI hAlata meM vaha vastu-svarUpa kA pratipAdana yathArtha rUpa se nahIM kara sakatA hai| jisameM inakA sadbhAva nahIM hotA hai vahA~ ayathArtha rUpa se vastu ke pratipAdana kA koI kAraNa na ho sakane se unake dvArA vastu kA vivecana apane jJAna ke anusAra yathArtha hI hotA hai, mithyA nahIM hotaa| yahAM sUtra meM vacana yaha upalakSaNa hai / isase Apta kI aMgulI Adi ke izAre se jo jJAna hotA hai athavA unake dvArA racita pustakoM ke par3hane se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha saba Agama jJAna hai / dhArmika granthoM meM prApta ke sarvajJa, vItarAga aura hitopadezI ye sIna vizeSaNa batAye

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nyAyaratnasAra : caturtha adhyAya |35 gaye haiM, ve alaukika pAramArthika-Apta ke hI batAye gaye haiM / pAramArthika Apta hI pUrNa Apta hotA hai| nyAyazAstra ke anusAra "yo yatrAvaJcakaH sa tatrAptaH" jo jisa viSaya meM dhokhA nahIM detA hai vaha vahA~ Apta hai aisA kahA gayA hai / isa kathana ke anusAra laukika janakAdi prAmANika puruSa hone se laukika Apta koTi meM parigaNita kara liye gaye haiM / tathA muktimArga ke upadeza meM dhokhA nahIM dene se tIrthakara Adi prAmANika puruSa pAramArthika Apta-alaukika Apta-pUrNa Apta kahe gaye haiM / / 3 / / zabda dvArA arthabodha kA kathana : sUtra-svArthaprakAzanazaktiH zamdAnAM sahajA'pi saMketa sahakRtayA tyaa'rth-bodhH|| 4 // artha-zabdoM meM apane vAcyArtha ko prakAzana karane kI zakti svAbhAvika hai parantu phira bhI vaha saGkata se sahakRta hokara hI apane vAcyArtha kA bodhaka hotA hai| dhyAkhyA-zabda ke dvArA hameM arthajJAna kaise hotA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara isa sUtra dvArA diyA gayA hai| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki zabda meM svArtha prakAzana kI zakti svAbhAvika hai / parantu yaha zakti saGketa se saTTakRta hokara hI apane bAcyArtha kA prakAzana karatI hai / amuka zabda amuka artha kA bAcaka hai / jaba taka isa prakAra ke rAGkata se zabda sahakRta nahIM hotA hai taba taka vaha apane vAcyArtha kA bodha nahIM karA sakatA hai / / 4 / / zabda kA lakSaNa : sUtra-varNapadavAkyAtmaka zabdaH / / 5 / / vyAkhyA-- zabda tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-eka varNAtmaka, dUsare padAtmaka aura tIsare vAkyAtmaka, jaise--a, A, i, I Adi zabda varNAtmaka zabda haiN| ina ke ekAkSarI nAma mAlA meM kRSNa Adi aneka artha kahe gaye haiN| ghaTa paTa Adi rUpa jo zabda haiM ve padAtmaka zabda haiN| ye ghaTarUpa evaM vastrarUpa artha ke bodhaka hote haiN| jinadatta AtA hai, maheza jAtA hai ityAdi rUpa jo zabda haiM ye vAkyAtmaka zabda hai aura inase jinadatta ke Ane kA aura maheza ke jAne kA bodha hotA hai / sU. 5 // varNa kA lakSaNa : sUtra-kathaMcinityAnityAtmakaH paudgalikaH svara-vyaJjana rUpovarNaH // 6 // artha-a, A, i, I, u, U, R, R, lu, lu (dIrgha) e, ai, o, au ye 14 svara aura k, kha, ga, gha, D, c, ch, ja, jh., , , , , Na, t. th, d, dh, n, , , , , m, ya, ra, la, v, z, s. e, aura ha, ye 33 vyaJjana haiM, ina sabake bhinna-bhinna artha ekArthanAmamAlA meM likhe hue haiM / varNa bhASA vargaNA rUpa pudgala se niSpanna hone ke kAraNa use yahA~ podgalika prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / ye kisI apekSA se nitya aura kisI apekSA se anitya mAne gaye haiM / / 6 / / pada kA lakSaNaH sUtra - parasparApekSavarNAnAM nirapekSasamudAyaH parva tathAvidha pada samuvAyaeca vAgham // 7 // arya--paraspara kI apekSA vAle varNoM kA padAntaravartI vargoM kI apekSA binA kA jo samudAya hai vahI pada kA lakSaNa hai, tathA paraspara kI apekSA vAle padoM kA padAntaravartI padoM kI apekSA binA kA jo samudAya hai vaha vAkya kA lakSaNa hai|

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nyAyaratnasAra caturtha adhyAya - varNoM kA mela jaba aisA hotA hai ki usameM kisI aura varNa ko milAne kI AvazyakatA na rahe aura mile hue vahI varNa kisI artha kA bodha karA deM tabhI ve pada kahalAte haiN| nirarthaka varNa samUha ko pada nahIM kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra sArthaka padoM kA samudAya vAkya kahA gayA hai / yaha vAkya bhI anya vAkyAntaravartI padoM kI svArthabodha karAne meM apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai // 7 // 36 / zabda meM pramANatA apramANatA kI vyavasthA : sUtra - nivAraNapravopayatsvArthaprakAzanaM zabde saGka etAdhInamapivedhe pramANetaratA vaktu guNa-doSa nizrA // 8 // artha- jisa prakAra AvaraNa ke vyavadhAna se vihIna dIpaka artha ko - iSTAniSTa padArtha koprakAzita karatA hai, usI prakAra se svArthaprakAzana kI svAbhAvika zakti se yukta huA bhI zabda saGketa kI sahAyatA se artha kA prakAzana karatA hai- jJAna karatA hai| parantu usa arthajJAna meM jo pramANatA aura amAtA AtI hai vaha vaktA ke guNa aura doSoM ko lekara AtI hai / yAkhyA -- dIpaka cAhe padArtha acchA ho cAhe burA ho usakA svabhAva use prakAzita kara dene kA hai / usI prakAra vakta dvArA prayukta zabda kA svabhAva artha kA bodha karA dene kA hai| cAhe vaha padArtha iSTa ho cAhe aniSTa ho, vAstavika ho yA avAstavika ho, kaisA hI kyoM na ho / "vaktuH pramANyAdvacasi prAmANyaM" vaktA kI pramANatA se hI usake vacanoM meM pramANatA AtI hai / isa kathana ke anusAra vaktA yadi guNavAn hai to usake vacanoM meM pramANatA Ane se vacanajanya bodha meM bhI pramANatA AvegI aura vaktA yadi sadoSa hai to usake bacanajanya bodha meM apramANatA AvegI || || sUtra-- zabda kI pravRtti Aveza mevAcchaH svArthe vidhitiSedhAbhyAM saptabhaMgyAligyate // 6 // artha-vivakSA ke daza se zabda apane vAcya artha kA pratipAdana karatA huA usameM vidhi aura niSedha kI kalpanA se saptabhaGgI dvArA AliGgita hotA hai / vyAkhyA - antarvartI evaM vahirvartI jitane bhI jIvAdika aura ajIvAdika padArtha haiM ve saba anantadharma vAle haiM ekadharma vAle nahIM haiN| kyoMki ekAntataH eka hI dharma vAle ve haiM aisA hI yadi zabda pratipAdana karatA hai mAna liyA jAne to vastu meM vastutva hI nahIM bana sakane ke kAraNa unakI svatantra sattA siddha nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH jaba zabda "yaha ghaTa hai" aisA pratipAdana karatA hai to vaha vivakSA ke vaza se saptabhaGgI ko dhAraNa karane vAlA ho jAtA hai| isake vizeSArthaM ko jAnane ke liye nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA kA avalokana karanA cAhiye || || saptabhaGgI kA svarUpa : sUtra - ekaka dharma prazna vivakSAto'virodhenavyasta samasta vidhiniSedhayoH pratipAdakaH svAi hritaH saptadhA vAkyaprayogaH saptabhaMgAt // 10 // artha -- eka vastu meM ke kisI eka dharma sambandhI prazna ke anurodha se vivakSA se sAta prakAra ke bacana prayoga ko saptabhaGgI kahA gayA hai / vaha vacana syAt pada se sahita hotA hai| aura usameM kahIM vidhi kI evaM kahIM niSedha kI vivakSA hotI hai aura kahIM donoM kI vivakSA hotI hai / 1. Adeza bhedodita saptabhaGgamiti vacanAt / 1 1

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nyAya ratnasAra : caturtha adhyAya vyAkhyA- pratyeka bastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai / eka zabda dvArA eka sAtha unakA kathana vaktA nahIM kara sakatA hai / ata: baha unna dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko apanI vivakSA se pradhAna kara letA hai aura usakA pratipAdana usa zabda dvArA karatA hai / kahIM vaha vidhi ko mukhya karatA hai, aura usakA kathana karatA hai, kahIM baha niSedha ko mukhya karatA hai aura usakA kathana karatA hai| kahIM vaha vidhi-niSedha donoM ko mukhya karatA hai aura usakA kathana karatA hai / kahIM kramazaH donoM ko mukhya karatA hai, kahIM yugapat donoM ko mukhya karatA hai, kahIM vidhi ko aura yugamat donoM ko, kahIM niSedha ko aura yugapat donoM ko aura kahIM kramazaH aura yugapat donoM ko mukhya karatA hai aura unakA kathana karatA hai-isa prakAra ke kathana meM vivakSA ke bheda se kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM AtA hai| kyoMki pratyeka dharma ke kathana ke sAtha syAt pada kA vaha prayoga karatA hai / isa prakAra se sAta prakAra ke vacana prayoga ko lekara saptabhaGgI bana jAtI hai / syAtpada kA artha svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura sva-bhAva kI apekSA hotA hai // 10 // prathamAdi bhaMgoM kI utpatti kA krama kathana, prathama bhaMga : sUtra--syAtsadeva sarvamiti prAdhAnyena vidhivivakSayA prathabhomaGgaH / / 11 / / artha-kisI apekSA se samarata jIvAdika vastu satsvarUpa hI hai| isa prakAra kA yaha pradhAna rUpa se vidhi kI vivakSA karake samasta vastu meM astitva kA kathana karane vAlA prathama bhaGga hai| vyAkhyA-- 'syAn' yaha tiGanna pratispaka avyaya hai / yaha anekAnta kA bodhaka hai / isase yaha samajhAyA jAtA hai ki samasta vastu syAt-kaJcit-svadravyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA--satsvarUpa hI hai||| 11 // sUtra--dvitIya bhaMga-sthAdasaveva samiti prAdhAnyena niSedhavivakSayA dvitIyo bhaMgaH // 12 // vyAkhyA kisI apekSA se jIvAdika vastu asatsvarUpa hI hai aisA pradhAna rUpa se asattva dharma kI vibakSA karake samasta bastu meM nAstitva-asattva kA kathana karane vAlA dvitIya bhaMga hai| yahA~ aisI AzaMkA nahIM karanI cAhiye ki zIta aura uSNa kI taraha astitva aura nAstitva meM virodha hai to phira inakA eka hI samaya meM eka vastu meM eka sAtha rahanA kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai| kyoMki zIta uSNa ke jaisA astitva nAstitva meM virodha nahIM ho sakatA / virodha to tabhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba eka hI kAla meM eka hI sthAna meM ye donoM dharma ekatrita hokara na raheM / lekina svacaturaTaya kI apekSA astitva aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA nAstitva to pratyakSAdi pramANoM se eka hI vastu meM yugapat siddha hai-phira virodha kaisA? kina do dharmoM meM virodha hai yaha bAta hama pahile se nahIM jAna sakate / jaba hameM yaha bAta jJAta ho jAtI hai ki ye dharma eka hI samaya meM eka hI jagaha nahIM raha sakate taba hama unameM virodha mAnate haiN| agara ve ekatrita hokara raha sakeM to virodha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadi aisA kahA jAtA ki svacatuSTaya kI apekSA astitva hai aura svacatuSTaya kI hI apekSA nAstitva hai to virodha kahanA ThIka hai| lekina apekSAbheda se donoM meM virodha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / / 12 // sUtra-tRtIyamaMga-syAtsadeva svAsadeveni kramazo vidhi-niSedha vivakSayA tRtIyobhaMgaH / / 13 / / artha-kathaMcit samasta padArtha satsvarUpa hI haiM aura kathaJcit sarva padArtha asatsvarUpa hI haiM isa prakAra kama se vidhi aura niSedha kI kalpanA se tIsaga bhaMga hotA hai|

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38 nyAyaratnasAra : caturtha adhyAya dhyAlyA- jaba hameM vastu ke sva-rUpa kI apekSA hotI hai taba hama use astitvaviziSTa aura jaba para-rUpa kI apekSA hotI hai taba hama use nAstitvaviziSTa kahate haiN| isI prakAra jaba hameM sva-rUpa aura para-rUpa donoM kI apekSA hotI hai taba hama use asti-nAstisvarUpaviziSTa kahate haiN| isa taraha isa tRtIya bhaGga meM kramazaH donoM bhaMga pradhAna rUpa se vivakSita hote haiM / / 13 / / sUtra-caturtha bhaMga-syAdavaktavyameveti yugapada prAdhAnyena vidhiniSedhadhivakSayA caturthaH // 14 / / dhyAkhyA-jaba astitva aura nAstitva ina donoM dharmoM kI eka sAtha pradhAnatA kara vastu kA kathana karanA hotA hai taba vaha vastu kathaMcit avaktavya ho jAtI hai / isI bAta ko prakaTa karane vAlA yaha caturtha bhaMga hai / vastu ananta dharmoM kA eka piNDa hai / ataH una astitva-nAstitva dharmoM dvArA jaba hama usa vastu ko eka sAtha kahanA cAheM to nahIM kaha sakate / ataH isa dRSTi se vastu anvaktavya (na kahane yogya) koTi meM A jAtI hai // 14 / / sUtra-carcA bhaMga-Ayataryayoryome paMcamaH // 15 // vyAkhyA-prathama bhaMga aura caturtha bhaMga ke yoga se pAMcavA~ bhaMga hotA hai| isakA AlApa prakAra "syAtsadeva syAdavaktavyameva" aisA hai / tAtparya isakA aisA hai ki jaba vaktA kA Azaya aisA hotA hai ki vastu svarUpa kI apekSA astitva dharmaviziSTa hotI huI bhI avaktavya hai taba yaha paMcama maMga banatA hai // 15 // sUtra-chaThavAM bhaMga-dvitIyatUrya yooMge SaSThaH // 16 // vyAkhyA-dvitIya bhaMga aura caturtha bhaMga kA yoga karane para yaha chaThavA~ bhaMga niSpanna hotA hai / isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA jAtA hai ki ghaTAdi vastu para-dravyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA nAstitvaviziSTa hotI haI bhI astitva aura nAstitva dharmoM dvArA yugapat vaktu' azakya hai isaliye "syAnAstyeva sarva avaktavyaM c"||16|| sUtra-sAtavA~ bhaMga--kramAkramAbhyAM vidhi-pratiSedhakalpanArUpaH saptamaH // 17 // vyAkhyA-vidhi--astitva evaM pratiSedha-nAstitva kI jaba kramazaH mukhyatA kI jAtI hai taba tRtIya bhaMga kI aura jaba ina donoM kI yugapat mukhyatA kI jAtI hai taba caturtha bhaMga kI niSpatti hotI hai| ataH tRtIya aura caturtha bhaMga ke yoga hone para yaha sAtavA~ bhaMga banatA hai / ina sAta bhagoM kI sArthakatA ke viSaya meM vicAra isa kathana se hameM yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki mUla bhaMga do haiM asti aura nAsti / ina donoM kI yugapat vivakSA se avaktavya nAma kA bhaMga banA hai| ina tInoM ke asaMyogI asti, nAsti, avaktavya, visaMyogI asti-nAsti, asti-avaktavya, nAsti-avaktavya aura trisaMyogI asti-nAsti-avaktavya bhaMga banAne se sAta bhaMga ho jAte haiN| zaMkA--mUla bhaMga meM kevala syAdasti yahI eka bhaMga rakhA jAve to kyA hAni hai ? uttara-yadi syAdasti yahI eka bhaMga rakhA jAve to vastu jisa prakAra eka jagaha asti rUpa hai usI prakAra vaha sarvatra astirUpa ho jAvegI / aisI sthiti meM usakI sarvatra sattA sthApita ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha vyApaka ho jaavegii| to jaba koI "dahI khA lo" aisA kisI se kahegA to usakI pravRtti U~Ta kI tarapha bhI ho jAne lgegii| isI prakAra kevala nAsti bhaMga mAnane meM bhI Apatti AtI hai, kyoMki isase samasta dRzyamAna vastuoM kA abhAva ho jaavegaa| isaliye inakI pratyeka kI kebalatA pramANaviruddha

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mmAyaralasAra : caturtha adhyAya [36 hai| na to pratyeka vastu sarvarUpa se astitvaviziSTa hai aura na sarvarUpa se baha nAstitva viziSTa hai / yadyapi astitva aura nAstitva bhaMga ke sAtha syAt pada prayukta hotA hai usase yaha samajha liyA jAtA hai ki pratyeka vastu svacatuSTaya kI apekSA hI astirUpa hai aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA hI nAstirUpa hai ataH pratyeka vastu sarvatra na vyApaka ho sakegI aura na sarvatra vaha abhAvarUpa hogii| ataH eka hI asti bhaMga me kAma calAyA jA sakatA hai, aisI yadi koI AzaMkA kare to usakA uttara aisA hai ki ina donoM bhaMgoM se jo bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai vaha eka prathama bhaga ke mAnane se nahIM ho sakatA hai| jaise-yadi kahA jAya ki amuka vyakti bAjAra meM nahIM hai to isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki vaha amuka jagaha hai| bAjAra meM na hone para bhI kahAM para hai yaha jijJAsA banI hI rahatI hai. jisake liye asti bhaMga ko jarUrata hai / vyavahAra meM asti bhaMga ke prayoga hone para bhI nAsti bhaMga ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| mere hAtha meM rupayA hai, yaha kahanA eka bAta hai aura tumhAre hAtha meM rupayA nahIM hai, yaha kahanA dUsarI bAta hai| isa taraha donoM bhaMgoM kA prayoga atyanta Avazyaka hai| kyA anyonyAbhAva se nAsti bhaMga kI pUrti nahIM hotI? hAM; nahIM hotI kyoMki isakA sambandha kisI niyama abhAva se nahIM hai. cAroM prakAra ke abhAvoM se hai| tIsare bhaMga ke viSaya meM yadi aisA kahA jAya ki asti nAsti ina donoM bhaMgoM meM tIsarA bhaMga gabhita ho jAtA hai to phira isakI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? to isake sambandha meM aisA jAnanA cAhiye ki svatantra asti aura nAsti bhaMga ke jo kArya haiM, unase bhinna ho isa tIsare bhaMga kA kArya hai| eka aura eka milakara do banate haiM para eka-eka ke kArya se do kA kArya alaga hotA hai| athavA eka-eka kI saMkhyA se inake saMyoga se janya do saMkhyA alaga hI mAnI jAtI haiM / asti aura nAsti ina donoM ko hama eka samaya meM nahIM kaha sakate isaliye caturtha bhaMga bana jAtA hai / kramazaH astitva dharma kI vivakSA meM aura gaNapata asti nAsti dharma kI vivakSA meM pAMcavAM bhaMga, kramazaH nAstitva dharma kI vivakSA meM aura yugapada donoM dharmoM kI vivakSA meM chaThA bhaMga evaM kramazaH donoM dharmoM kI vivakSA meM aura yugapat donoM dharmoM kI vivakSA meM sAtavAM bhaMga banatA hai // 17|| zabda meM vidhi pratipAdanatA kI ekAntatA kA nirasana : sUtra-vidheriva niSedhasyApi bodhakatvAcchabdAttatpratipattiH // 18 // vyAkhyA- zabda jisa prakAra astitva kA bodhaka hotA hai usI prakAra se vaha nAstila kA bhI bodhaka hotA hai| ataH jinakI aisI mAnyatA hai ki zabda pradhAna rUpa se vidhi kA hI kathaka hotA hai yA pradhAnarUpa se nAstitva kA hI kathaka hotA hai anya kA gauNa rUpa se so isa ekAnta kA nirasana isa sUtra dvArA kiyA gayA hai / / / 18 // sUtra-guNabhAve naivatadabhidhAne tatra gauNatvAnupapattiH // 16 // vyAkhyA--yadi aisA hI mAna liyA jAve ki zabda vidhidharma kA mukhya rUpa se pratipAdaka hotA hai aura gauNa rUpa se niSedha kA--nAstitva dharma kA pratipAdaka hotA hai to isa para yaha Apatti AtI hai ki nAstitva dharma meM pradhAnatA mAne binA gauNatA nahIM A sakatI hai| ataH usameM gauNalA lAne ke kahIM na kahIM usameM pradhAnatA aMgIkAra karanI cAhiye / ataH yahI mAnanA yuktiyukta hai ki zabda kahIM para jisa prakAra se vidhi kA pradhAnatA se kahane vAlA hotA hai usI prakAra vaha pradhAnatA se nAstitva dharma kA bhI kahane vAlA hotA hai // 19 // zabda meM dvitIya bhaMga kI ekAnta kathakatA kA nirasana : sUtra- mukhyatvena niSedhakAnta vANyoktirapyakAntokta yukte : // 20 //

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40 / nyAyaratnasAra : caturtha adhyAya vyAkhyA-zabda pradhAna rUpa se niSedha kA hI pratipAdaka hotA hai, yadi aisI hI ekAnta mAnyatA aMgIkAra kI jAve to yaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki isakI ekAntatA meM vidhi kI pratipatti usase nahIM ho sakemI / yadi apradhAnarUpa se vaha vivi kA pratipAdaka mAnA jAve to pUrvokta yukti ke anusAra usameM pradhAnatA mAne binA apradhAnatA nahIM A sakatI hai / / 20 // tRtIya bhaMga kI ekAnlatA kI kathakatA kA nirasana : sUtra-vidhi-niSedhAnyatara pratipadanasya pradhAnatA zamde kramAdubhayekAsa prAdhAnyamastaMgamayati / 21 // __ vyAkhyA-jo aimA kahate haiM ki zabda pradhAnatA se kramazaH vidhi aura niSadha kA hI bodhaka hai / vidhi ko pradhAna karake vaha niSedha ko gauNa nahIM karatA aura niSedha ko pradhAna karake vidhi ko gauNa nahIM karatA / ataH vaha prathama bhaMga aura dvitIya bhaMga ko nahIM banAtA hai, kevala eka tIsare bhaMga ko hI banAtA hai / so isa prakAra kI kisI kI ekAnta mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki jaba taka ina donoM kA svatantra astitva siddha nahIM hogA taba taka inameM mukhyatA aura gauNalA ke hone kA kathana pramANita nahIM ho sakegA aura tRtIya bhaMga meM jo inheM kramazaH mukhyatA dI gaI hai vaha kase dI jA sakegI ataH zabda tRtIya raMga kI taraha nAmonizA bhI jAvaka hai aisA anubhava nirAkRta nahIM kiyA sakatA hai / / 21 / / caturtha bhaMga kI ekAntatA kI kAthavatA kA zabda meM nirasana : sUtra-avaktabhya zabdenApi vAcyatvAbhAva prasaGgatazcaturthabhaMgakAnto'pyakAntaH // 22 / / ___ vyAkhyA yadi aisA kahA jAya ki eka sAtha astitva aura nAstitva dharmoM kA pratipAdaka koI zabda nahIM hai isaliye ina donoM dharmoM se viziSTa vastu sarvathA avakta hI hai to isa ekAnta mAnyatA kA nirasane vAlA yaha sUtra hai / isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki yadi isI mAnyatA ko ravIkAra kiyA jAve to phira jaise koI aisA kahe ki merI mAtA vandhyA hai vaisA hI yaha kathana hai kyoMki sarvathA avaktatA meM yaha avaktavya hai aise zabda dvArA bhI baha kathita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisA kahanA to kathaJcit avaktavya pakSa meM hI ho sakatA hai| paar| paMcama bhaGgAdikoM kI ekAntatA kA nirasana :-- sUtra-itarayApi saMvedanAccheSabhaGgatraya kAnto'pyevameva // 23 // ___ artha--zeSa bhaGgoM kA pAMcava, chaThaveM aura sAtaveM bhaMgoM kA ekAnta pakSa bhI isI taraha kA haiekAnta hai-nyAyAnukUla nahIM hai| vyAkhyA-jaba ekAntabAdI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda vidhirUpa artha kA vAcaka hotA hai, eka sAtha vidhi niSedha kA vaha abAcaka hI hotA hai taba usa bhaMga meM ekAntatA A jAtI hai aura yaha ekAntatA isaliye ThIka nahIM mAnI jAto ki zabda niSedharUpa padArtha kA vAcaka hotA yugapat vidhi-niSedha donoM padArtha kA abAcaka hotA hai / isI prakAra se zabda nAstitvarUpa artha kA pratipAdana karatA huA vaha donoM dharmoM kA yugapattyAcaka nahIM hI hotA hai / yaha chaThaveM bhaMga kI ekAntatA bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra kI ekAntatA meM vaha pAMcaveM bhaMga kA zaka nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra sAtaveM bhaMga kA bhI ekAnta ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki zabda prathama Adi bhaMgoM kA bhI vAcaka hotA hai| ataH kisI bhI bhaMga kI ekAntatA abAdhita nahIM hai aisA isa kathana kA niSkarSArtha hai // 23 // eka-eka dharma ko lekara saptabhaMgI kA pratipAdana sUtra-dharma dharma prati saptabhaMgasadbhAvato'nantAH saptamA yaH prazna-jijJAsA-saMdehataGgobarIzAnAM saptavidhasyAt // 24 //

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nyAyaratnasAra caturtha adhyAya | 41 artha -- vastugata eka-eka dharma ko lekara sAta-sAta bhaMga hote haiN| isa taraha vastugata ananta dharmoM kI ananta saptabhiGgayA~ bana jAtI hai / vyAkhyA- kisI ne aisI zaMkA jaba kI ki jIvAdi padArthoM meM vidhirUpa aura niSedharUpa ananta dharma Aheta darzana meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| ataH unakI anantabhaMgI mAnanA cAhiye, saptabhaMgI mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / taba isa prazna kA samAdhAna isa sUtra dvArA diyA gayA hai ki eka-eka dharma ko lekara sAta-sAta hI bhaMga hote haiM, na ATha-nI Adi bhaMga hote haiM aura na kama maMga hote haiN| ataH isa taraha vastugata ananta dharmoM kI ananta saptagiyoM bana jAtI hai| isI kAraNa ananta saptabhaMgI bana jAne kI yaha bAta hama jainoM ko mAnya hai / bhaMga sAta hI kyoM hote haiM ? to isakA uttara yaha hai ki pUchane vAlA sAta hI prakAra se eka dharma ke sambandha meM prazna pUchatA hai| sAta hI prakAra se vaha kyoM pUchatA hai ? to isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki usakI jAnane kI icchA sAta hI prakAra kI hotI hai| jijJAsAe~ sAla hI kyoM hotI haiM ? to isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki use sAta prakAra se saMdeha hotA hai| saMdeha sAta kAraNa se kyoM hotA hai ? to isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki saMdeha ke viSayabhUta astitva Adi pratyeka vastugata dharma sAta prakAra ke hote haiM ||24|| saptabhaMgI kI dvividhatA '---- sUtra - saptabhaMgIyaM pratibhaMgaM sakaladeza - vikalA deza medAd dvividhA ||25|| artha - yaha saptabhaMgI pratyeka meM sakalAdeza rUpa aura vikalAdezarUpa hotI hai / isa liye ho sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza se isake do bheda jAte haiM / vyAkhyA -sakalAdeza kA nAma pramANa saptabhaMgI hai aura vikalAveza kA nAma naya saptabhaMgI hai| ard ko pUrNarUpa se viSaya karane vAlA pramANa hai| aura vastu ko aMza rUpa se viSaya karane vAlA naya hai / vAkyoM meM bhI do bheda hote haiM- eka pramANavAkya aura dUsarA nayavAkya / pramANavAkya aura nayavAkya kA antara hameM zabdoM se nahIM kintu bhAvoM ke jJAta hotA hai / jaba hama kisI zabda dvArA pUrI vastu ko kahate haiM taba sakalAdeza pramANavAkya mAnA jAtA hai aura jaba zabda ke dvArA kisI eka dharma ko kahate haiM taba vikalAdeza nayavAkya mAnA jAtA hai ||24| sakala deza kA svarUpaM : '-- sUtra- dravya paryAyApitena kAlAdibhirame venA medopacAreNa ca sakalavastunaH pratipAdakatvaM sakalAvezatvam ||26|| artha - - dravyAthika aura paryAyArthikanaya kI mukhyatA aura gauNatA se abheda karake evaM paryAyAvinaya kI mukhyatA aura dravyArthikanaya kI gauNatA se abheda kA upacAra karake samasta dharmaviziSTa vastu kA jo kathana kiyA jAtA hai vaha sakalA deza haiM | vyAkhyA - vastugata ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ke pratipAdana dvArA jo vAkya una zeSa dharmoM kI usa pratipAdita kiye gaye dharma ke sAtha kAla, Atma-rUpa, artha, sambandha, upakAra, guNideza, saMsarga aura zabda dvArA abhedavRtti karake yA unameM abheda kA upacAra karake una samasta dharmo kA pratipAdaka hotA hai -- usa anantadharmAtmaka vastu saMbaMdhI bodha kA janaka hotA hai vaha sakalAdezarUpa pramANavAkya hai / yaha to hama jAna cuke haiM ki vastu ananta dharmoM kA eka piNDa hai / vastu ke una ananta dharmoM ko pratipAdana karane ke liye ananta zabdoM kA prayoga karanA caahiye| tabhI vaha vastu pUrNarUpa se kahI jA sakatI - eka zabda dvArA to usakA eka hI dharma pratipAdita ho sakatA hai| isase vastu kA pratipAdana adhUrA

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nyAyaratnasAra : caturtha adhyAya hI raha jAtA hai aura isa taraha lohAra nidhIpa laga se nahIM pA sakatA hai| ataH abAdharUpa se loka vyavahAra calatA rahe aura vastu kA pratipAdana bhI pUrNarUpa se haA mAna liyA jAve--isake lie yaha sakalAdezarUpa yukti kAma meM lAI gaI hai| isase hameM vastu ke pUrNarUpa se pratipAdana karane meM yaha sahArA milA ki jisa eka vastugata dharma ko hama mukhya rUpa se pratipAdana karate haiM usa eka dharma se hI hama zeSa bace hue dharmoM ko abhinna mAna lete haiM / isa prakAra eka dharma ke pratipAdita hone para usa vastu kA usa zabda dvArA pUrNarUpa se pratipAdana ho gayA mAna liyA jAtA hai / ise yoM samajhanA cAhiye-hameM astitva dharma ke sAtha anya dharmoM kA abheda karanA hai to vaha isa prakAra se hogA-ghaTAdi padArtha meM jisa kAla meM astitva hai usI kAla meM usameM anya dharma bhI haiM, yaha kAla kI apekSA astitva ke sAtha anya dharmoM kI abhedavRtti yA abheda kA upacAra hai| jisa prakAra astitva dharma ghaTa-paTAdi padArtha kA svabhAva hai usI prakAra anya dharma bhI usake svabhAva haiM, yaha svabhAva kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra hai| jisa prakAra ghaTAdi padArtha astitva dharma ke AdhArabhUta haiM usI prakAra se ve anya dharmoM ke bhI AdhArabhUta haiM, yaha artha kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra hai| jisa prakAra ghaTAdi padArtha kA aura astitva dharma kA tAdAtmya sambandha hai vahI sambandha anya dharmoM kA usa ghaTAdi padArtha ke sAtha hai, yaha sambandha kI apekSA abhedatti yA abhedopacAra hai| astitva dharma ke dvArA jo apane svarUpa meM anurAgarUpa upakAra kiyA jAtA hai vahI upakAra zeSa dharmI dvArA bhI kiyA jAtA hai, yaha upakAra kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra hai| isI prakAra se guNi deza, saMsarga aura zabda kI apekSA bhI abheda vRtti yA abhedopacAra samajha lenA cAhiye / abhedavRtti dravyAthikanaya kI pradhAnatA se hotI hai aura abheda kA upacAra paryAyAthikanaya kI pradhAnatA se hotA hai / isa taraha anantadhamatmika vastu kA pratipAdana karane vAlA pramANavAkya kahA gayA hai / isI kA nAma sakalAdeza hai // 26 // vikalAdeza kA svarUpa :-- sUtra--ekadharma mukhena medaM kRtvA vastu tipAdakavAkyatvaM vikalAdezatvam // 27 // vyAkhyA yastugata ananta dharmoM ko bhinna-bhinna mAnakara kisI eka dharma kI pradhAnatA karake vastu kA pratipAdana karane vAlA vAkya vikalAdezaka kahA gayA hai / jaise-.-"jIvaH syAdastirUpaH" svadravyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA jIva astitva dharmaviziSTa hai| yahA~ jIva dravya ke ananta dharmoM meM eka astitva dharma ko lekara usakA usake dvArA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / yahI nayavAkya hai aura isI kA nAma vikalAdezaka hai // 27 // jJAna ke dvArA pratiniyata padArtha kI vyavasthA : sUtra-viSayAjanyamapi zAnaM svAvaraNakSayopazamAdinA taM pradIpavatprakAzayati // 28 // artha-jJAna padArtha se utpanna nahIM hotA hai phira bhI vaha apane AvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama Adi meM viziSTa hokara usa padArtha ko pradIpa kI taraha prakAza karatA hai| vyAkhyA----kinhIM dArzanikoM kA aisA mantavya hai ki jisa padArtha ko jJAna jAnatA hai vaha usa padArtha se utpanna huA hotA hai, nahIM to vaha use nahIM jAna sakatA aura padArtha utpanna nahIM hokara bhI jJAna yadi padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA kahA jAve to phira aise jJAna se pratiniyata padArtha kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM bana sakatI hai| ataH padArtha se utpanna hokara hI jJAna usa padArtha ko jAnatA hai / aisA mAnanA cAhiye / isake Upara 1. isake lie tyAmaratnAvalI TIkA ko dethanA cAhiye /

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nyAyaratnasAra : caturtha adhyAya |43 jaina dArzanikoM ne yaha sUtra kahA hai / isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra dIpaka ghaTAdika padArthoM se utpanna nahIM hotA hai phira bhI unakA vaha prakAzaka hotA hai| isI prakAra zAna bhI viSaya-jaya --ghaTAdikoM se utpanna nahIM hotA hai phira bhI unakA prakAzaka-jAnane vAlA hotA hai| jJAna meM jaisA-jaisA AvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hotA hai jJAna vaisA-vaisA una-una para padArthoM ko jAnatA hai aura isI se padArtha kI pratiniyata vyavasthA hotI hai / paTa-jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se paTa-jJAna paTa ko jAnatA hai aura ghaTa-jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se ghaTa-jJAna ghaTa ko jAnatA hai| ghaTa ko jAnate samaya paTa-jJAna ko Avata karane vAlA paTa-jJAnAvaraNa karma maujUda hai to baha ghaTa-jJAna usa samaya paTa ko nahIM jAna sakatA hai / / 28 // sUtra-na te tavaMge tayorvyasta sAmastyena vyabhicAritasvAt // 29 // artha-tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA ye donoM jJAna ke dvArA pratiniyata padArtha kI vyavasthA karAne meM kAraNa nahIM haiM / kyoMki svatantra tadutpatti meM aura svatantra tadAkAratA meM tathA tadutpatti-tadAkAratA donoM meM vyabhicAra pAyA jAtA hai| vyAkhyA-jJAna kA padArtha se utpanna honA yaha tadutpatti hai / jJAna kA padArtha ke AkAra honA tadAkAratA hai / vauddha siddhAnta ina donoM se jJAna ke dvArA pratiniyata padArtha kI vyavasthA honA mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki jo jJAna jisa padArtha se utpanna hotA hai aura usI ke AkAra hotA hai vaha usI padArtha ko jAnatA hai, anya ko nahIM / isaliye Upara jo pratiniyata padArtha kI vyavasthA meM kAraNa AvaraNa karma kI kSayopazama rUpa zakti prakaTa kI gaI hai vaha aisI vyavasthA nahIM karatI hai / aise bauddha abhimata kA hI isa sUtra dvArA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki cauddhoM kI hI mAnyatA ke anusAra pUrvakSaNajJAna uttarakSaNajJAna ko utpanna karatA hai ataH usameM tadutpatti-tadAkAratA hone para bhI vaha uttarakSaNajJAna pUrvakSaNajJAna kA vyavasthApaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai / isa taraha inameM pratyeka meM aura donoM meM vyabhicAritA AtI hai / ataH svAvaraNakSayopazamarUpazakti ke kAraNa hI jJAna pratiniyata padArtha kI vyavasthA karatA hai, yahI siddhAnta nirdoSa hai 1 // 26 // pramANa kA viSaya : sUtra-pramANaviSayImUto'rthaH sAmAnya-vizeSAdhanekAntAtmakaH // 30 // vyAkhyA-pramANabhUta jJAna kA viSaya sAmAnya evaM vizeSa Adi dharmoM vAlA padArtha hotA hai| koI anyatIthika jana pramANa kA viSaya kevala sAmAnga dharma vAle padArtha ko hI mAnate haiM, koI anyatIthika kevala bizeSa dharma vAle padArtha ko hI mAnate haiM taba ki jaina darzana sAmAnya aura vizeSa dharma se donoM se yukta hue anekAntAtmaka padArtha ko pramANabhUta jJAna kA viSaya mAnatA hai / yahI bAta Upara ke sUtra dvArA puSTa kI gaI hai / kyoMki sAmAnya ko chor3akara vizeSa aura vizeSa ko chor3akara sAmAnya svatantra rUpa se apanA astitva nahIM rakhate haiM / sAmAnya aura vizeSa--ye padArtha ke nija dharma haiM ! // 30 // svatantra padArtha rUpa nahIM hai, padArtha meM sAmAnya-vizeSAtmakatA samarthana : sUtra-anuvRttavyAvRtta pratIti viSayatvAt pUrvottarAkAra - hAnopAdAnAvasthAnalakSaNa - pariNatyA'thaMkriyAkArityAcca / / 31 / / artha-pratyeka padArtha sAmAnya vizega dharma vAlA hai, kyoMki vaha anugatapratIti kA aura vizipTAkArapratIti kA viSaya hotA hai| tathA pUrva-AkAra ke tyAgarUpa aura uttara-AkAra ke dhAraNa karane rUpa evaM ina donoM paryAyoM meM maulika rUpa se avasthAna hone rUpa pariNamana se arthakriyAkAritA usameM

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nyAyaratnasAra : caturtha adhyAya dekhI jAtI hai / isa kAraNa bhI vaha sAmAnya vizeSa Adi aneka dharmoM vAlA hai| yadi padArtha aisA na ho to vaha pramANa kA viSaya nahIM ho sktaa| vyAkhyA aneka padArthoM meM eka sI pratIti utpanna karane vAlA aura unheM eka hI zabda kA vAcya banAne vAlA dharma anuvRttapratIti-anugatapratIti kahalAtI hai / jaise- aneka gAyoM meM yaha bhI gAya hai, yaha bhI gAya hai, isa prakAra kA jJAna aura zabda prayoga karAne vAlA gotva dharma hotA hai / yahI sAmAnya dharma hai / tayA eka hI jAti vAle padArthoM meM bhinnatA kI-vizidAkAratA kI--pratIti karAne vAlA dharma jyAdattapratIti kahalAtI hai| jaise gotva viziSTa gAyoM meM yaha nIlI gAya hai aura kAlI se cUMki isa prakAra kI pratIti padArthoM meM hotI hai ataH padArtha sAmAnya vizeSa donoM dharmoM vAle haiM, yaha siddha hotA hai / isI prakAra pratyeka padArtha meM pUrva AkAra kA vinAza, uttarAkAra utpAda aura ina donoM avasthAoM meM mUla padArtha kA avasthAna dekhA jAtA hai ataH utpAva-vyaya se padArtha meM vizeSa dharmAtma kA aura dhrauvya rUpa se sAmAnyarUpatA siddha ho jAtI hai| isa kAraNa padArtha na kevala sAmAnyarUpa hI hai aura na kevala vizeSarUpa hI hai kintu pararapara sApekSa sAmAnya-vizeSarUpa hI hai aura aisA hI vaha pramANa kA viSaya hotA hai // 31 // sAmAnya ke bheda : sUtra--sAmAnya dvividhaM tirya gUlatAsAmAnyabhedAt / / 32 // vyAkhyA sAmAnya do prakAra kA hotA hai-eka tiryak sAmAnya aura dUsarA urdhvatA sAmAnya / jo apanI pUrva aura uttaravartI paryAya meM samAna rUpa se rahatA hai vaha urdhvatA sAmAnya hai / jaise-mRttikA, kapAla, koza, kuzula Adi samasta apanI pUrvavartI aura uttaravartI paryAyoM meM ekarasa hokara rahatI hai / ataH yaha uhmatA sAmAnya rUpa hai tathA jo apane-apane vyaktiyoM meM samAna pariNAma bAlA hotA hai vaha tiryak sAmAnya haiM / jaise-khaMDI, muNDI, gAya AdikoM meM yugapata rahane vAlA gotvadharma / / 32 // tiyeka sAmAnya kA lakSaNa : sUtra-sadRza pariNAmarUpaM tiryak sAmAnyam / / 33 / / vyAkhyA--jo sAmAnya samAna pariNAma rUpa hotA hai vaha tiryak sAmAnya kahA gayA hai / 31veM sUtra dvArA isakA bhAva spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai // 33 // sUtra-pUrvApara vivarsa vyApyUyatA sAmAnyam / / 34 // vyAkhyA-jo sAmAnya apanI pUrva aura uttara paryAyoM meM rahatA hai vaha urdhvatA sAmAnya hai| isakA bhI bhAva 31ve sUtra dvArA spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai // 34 // vizeSa kA kathana : sUtra-guNa-paryAya mevAdvizeSo'pi dvividhaH // 35 // dhyAlyA-guNa aura paryAya ke bheda se vizeSa bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai / yaha pahale spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki paraspara meM jo bhinnatA kI buddhi kA janaka hotA hai vaha vizeSa hai / yaha vizeSa guNa aura paryAya ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / / 35 / / sUtra-abhinnakAlavatinaH sukhajJAnAdayo guNAH, bhinnakAlabasinazva sukha - duHkhAvayaH paryAyAH // 36 // ___artha---jo dravya meM eka sAtha eka hI kAla meM aise sukha, jJAnAdika guNarUpa vizeSa haiM aura jo draSya meM eka hI kAla meM eka sAtha nahIM rahate haiM aise duHkha-sukha Adi pariNAma paryAya rUpa vizeSa hai // 36 / / | caturtha adhyAya samApta //

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paMcama adhyAya pramANa phala kA vicAra : sUtra-pramA pasAyamajJAnanivRtyAdikaM tatphalam // 1 // artha- ajJAnanivRtti Adi rUpa jo hotA hai vahIM pramANa kA phala hai kyoMki yaha pramANa ke dvArA hI sAdhya hotA hai| vyAsyA--prathama adhyAya se lekara caturtha adhyAya navaH ima grantha meM mUtranAra ne pramANa ke svarUpa kA, usake bhedoM kA aura usake viSaya kA bahuta hI acchI taraha se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| aba ve isa paMcama adhyAya dvArA pratyakSa-parokSa rUpa se mAnya lasa pramANabhUta jJAna ke phala kA vicAra kara rahe haiN| isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki pramANa se java taka padArtha nahIM jAnA jAtA hai taba taka usakA nahIM jAnane vAle ajJAna banA rahatA hai aura jyoM ho jJAtAjana padArtha ko pramANa se jAna jAte haiM taba yaha jAnanArUpa pramiti jo ki usa padArtha viSayaka ajJAnanivRttirUpa huI hai, pramANa kA hI sAkSAta phala kahalAtA hai kyoMki ye aura kisI AlokAdi kAraNoM se nahIM huI hai / AlokAdika bhale hI usa padArtha ke jAnane meM sahAyaka hoM para ve jJAna kI taraha vahA~ sAdhakatama nahIM hote haiM isaliye ajJAnanivRttirUpa pramiti kriyA ke prati sAdhakatama --antima karaNa--jJAna ko kahA gayA hai aura yahI pramiti kriyA usakA sAkSAtphala kahA gayA hai // 1 // pramANa phala ke bheda : sUtra-sAkSAtparamparAbhedAttad dvividham / / 2 / / artha--sAkSAt phala aura paramparA phala ke bheda se pramANa-phala do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| vyAkhyA---pramANa ke dvArA bastu ke jAna lene para usake abhI taka rahe ajJAna kI nivRtti ho AtI hai-yahI pramANa kA sAkSAt phala hai phira isa ajJAnanivRtti ke bAda usa vastu ke prati jJAtA kA bhAva yadi use grahaNa karane kA hotA hai to vaha use grahaNa kara letA hai, aura yadi usake parityAga karane kA hotA hai to vaha use chor3a detA hai tathA yadi vaha use grahaNa aura tyakta nahIM karanA cAhatA hai to usake prati baha mAdhyastha bhAva vAlA bana jAtA hai / yahI pramANa kA paramparA phala hai kyoMki yaha phala sAkSAt phala ke bAda huA hai ise phala kA bhI phala kahA jA sakatA hai // 2 // sAkSAt phala kA svarUpa : sUtra-sarvapramANAnAmajJAnanivRttiH sAkSAtphalam / / 3 / / vyAkhyA-samasta pramANabhUta jJAnoM kA sAkSAtphala no apane-apane viSaya ke ajJAna kI nivRtti ho jAne rUpa hai arthAt cAhe pratyakSa jJAna ho cAhe parokSa jJAna ho ina sabakA sAkSAt phala to yahI hai ki ina zAnoM ke viSayabhUta bana Ane para usa-usa padArtha meM jo saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya rUpa jo ajJAna

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nyAyaratnasAra : paMcama adhyAya calA A rahA thA vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai aura yaha amuka padArtha hai, amuka jAti kA hai aura amuka nAma kA hai, aisA bodha ho jAtA hai / basa. isI kA nAma ajJAnanivRtti hai aura yahI pramANa kA sAkSAt phala hai / / 3 / / paramparA phala : sUtra--kevalaM vihAya pramANAnAM paramparA phalaM hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhayaH / / 4 // dhyAsyA-kevalajJAna ke sivAya aura matijJAna, zra tajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna tathA smRti, pratyabhijJAna Adi samasta jJAnoM kA paramparA phala grAhya padArthoM ko grahaNa karanA tyAjya padArthoM ko chor3anA aura upekSaNIya padArthoM meM upekSAbhAva dhAraNa karanA hotA hai // 4 // kevalajJAna kA paramparA phala : sUtra-yugapatsakalapadArtha-sAkSAtkAritayA tasya vyavahita phalapekSAbudvireva / / 5 / / artha-eka hI kAla meM samasta mUrtIka aura amUrtIka padArthoM kA sAkSAtkArI hone ke kAraNa kevalajJAna kA paramparA phala upekSAbuddhi-mAdhyasthyabhAva hI hai| vyAkhyA-jJAnAvaraNa, darzamAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ke sarvathA vinAza se AtmA meM eka aise jJAna kA vikAsa hotA hai ki jisake bala para AtmA eka hI sAtha samasta tribhubanodaravartI padArthoM jJAtA draSTA bana jAtA hai / vItarAgI hone ke kAraNa inheM kisI padArtha ko grahaNa karane kI evaM chor3ane kI buddhi nahIM hotI hai kintu sabhI padArthoM para inakA mAdhyasthyabhAva rahatA hai ataH kevalajJAna kA paramparA phala upekSAbuddhirUpa hI kahA gayA hai // 5 // pramANa aura usake phala meM kathaJcit bhedAbheda kA kathana sUtra-pramANAttatphalaM kacivabhinna bhinna ceti / / 6 / / vyAkhyA--pramANa kA phala pramANa se kathaMcit abhinna bhI hai aura kathaJcit bhinna bhI hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAya to pramANa aura phala kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakatI hai / tAtparya isa kathana kA yahI hai ki pramANa aura usakA phala kisI dRSTi se eka hI pramAtA AtmA meM ye donoM tAdAtmya sambandha se rahate haiM isa apekSA se abhinna haiM, tathA inameM sAdhya-sAdhana bhAva hai, isa apekSA se ye bhinna bhI haiM / / 6 / / isI kA spaSTIkaraNa sUtra-eka pramAtR tAdAtmyena, kAryakAraNabhAvena ca pramANa phalayoH kazcidekatvAnekatvam / / dhyAkhyA-chaThaveM sUtra meM jo kahA gayA hai usI kA spaSTIkaraNa isa sUtra dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isake dvArA yahI samajhAyA gayA hai ki pramANa aura usakA phala cAhe vaha sAkSAtphala ho cAhe paramparA phala ho eka.pramAtA AtmA meM tAdAtmya saMbaMdha se rahane ke kAraNa abhinna hai kyoMki jo jAnatA vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai, vahI usakA parityAga karatA hai aura vahI usakI upekSA karatA hai tathA usI kA usa vastu viSayaka ajJAna dUra hotA hai / pramANa aura usake phala meM anekatA--bhinnatA isaliye haiM ki pramANa aura usake phala meM kAryakAraNa sambandha hai| pramANa kAraNa hai aura ajJAnanivRtti Adi rUpa phala usakA kArya hai // 7 // prakArAntara se isI kA samarthana--- sUtra-pramANatayA pariNatasya yAtmanaH phalasbena pariNati sadbhAvAt / / 8 / /

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nyAyaratnasAra : paMcama adhyAya syAkhyA-artha-pramANarUpa se pariNata AtmA kA hI phala se pariNamana hotA hai / isa sUtra dvArA sutrakAra ne prakArAntara se pramANa aura usake phala meM kisI apekSA bhinnatA aura kisI apekSA dhita kI hai| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki sva aura para kA nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna hI pramANa hai / isa prakAra ke jJAnarUpa se pariNamana AtmA kA hI hotA hai, indriyAdikoM kA nahIM / kyoMki atmA pramAtA hai, vahI jJAna ke dvArA padArthoM ko jAnatI hai / padArthoM kA jAnanArUpa jo pariNamana AtmA kA huA hai bahI to ajJAnanivRtti hai aura isa ajJAnanivRtti kA pariNamana hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhi rUpa hai / isa taraha jJAnarUpa pramANa kA aura usake phala kA tAdAtmya sambandha eka usI AtmA ke sAtha hai ki jisa AtmA meM pramANarUpa jJAna ne jJayaviSayaka ajJAna kI nivRtti rUpa sAkSAtphala aura hAnAdi rUpa paramparA phala ko utpanna kiyA hai / isake artha ko aura vizeSa rUpa se jAnane ke liye nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA dekhanI cAhiye ||8|| sutra-anyathA svetara-pramANa phalavyavasthA na syAta // l vyAkhyA-pramANa aura phala ke viSaya meM jaisI vyavasthA dI gaI hai yadi vaha baimI na mAnI jAve to phira svakIya aura parakIya pramANa aura usake phala kI vyavasthA hI nahIM bana sakatI hai / tAtparya isa dhana kA yahI hai ki pramANa aura phala jaca parampara meM sarvathA bhinna mAne jAveMge to jisa prakAra jinadatta kI AtmA meM vidyamAna pramANa aura phala meM bhinnatA hai usI prakAra se vaha bhinnatA una donoM kI devadatta kI AtmA se bhI hai to phira ye pramANa aura phala jinadana kI AtmA ke haiM, devadatta kI AtmA ke nahIM haiM aisA sambandha vyavahAra kaise ho sakatA hai ? tathA sarvathA pramANa phala ko abhinna mAnane meM yaha pramANa kA phala hai aisA vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki sarvathA ekatva meM do kA sadabhAva nahIM hotA hai, eka kA hI hotA hai // 6 // sUtra-sva-para-nizcaye sAdhakatamatvAtsAkSAtphalaM pramANasvadhakaraNatvam / / 10 / / artha--sva aura para ke nizcaya meM sAdhakatama hone ke kAraNa, sAkSAtphala meM pramANa ko hI kAraNatA hai| vyAkhyA sAkSAtphala aura pramANarUpa jJAna meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva hone se kathaMcit bhinnatA kA kathana sAtaveM sUtra dvArA kiyA gayA hai / so isI bAta ke samarthana ke liye sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra kI racanA kI hai / ajJAnanivRtti karAnA yahI pramANa kA sAkSAtphala hai| isake prati sAkSAtkaraNatA pramANarUpa jJAna meM hI AtI hai / isaliye isa apekSA una donoM meM kathaMcit bhinnatA kahI gaI hai // 10 // sUtra-tatta pramANa niSpAdyatvAtkAryam // 11 // vayAkhyA-vaha ajJAnanivRttirUpa phala-kArya-isaliye mAnA gayA hai ki vaha pramANabhUta jJAna dvArA utpanna hotA hai jisa prakAra chidi-kriyA yadyapi kuThAra se hI janya hotI hai aura usameM kathaJcit bhinnatA mAnI jAtI hai // 11 // kriyA-kriyAvAn meM kazcit bhinnatA-abhinnatA kA kathana sUtra-kriyA kriyAyomithaH syAdinasvAbhinna svameva pramAtu patasmAdanekAnto nepaH / / 12 / / vyAkhyA--kriyA aura kriyAvAn meM sarvathA na bhinnatA hI hai aura na sarvathA abhinnatA hI hai kintu kathaJcit bhinnatA aura kathaJcit abhinnatA hai / isI prakAra kI mAnyatA kriyA ko AtmA-pramAtA ke

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nyAya rasmasAra paMcama adhyAya sAtha bhI samajha lenA / isa prakAra pramAtA-AtmA se ajJAnanivRtti Adi rUpa kriyA kazcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hai aisA anekAnta ina donoM meM susthApita ho jAtA hai // 12 / / pramANa phala-vyavahAra meM vAstavikatA : sUtra--pramANaphasadhyavahAro'vitatho'bhipretAnAbhipreta sAdhana dUSaNatvAnyathAnupapazeH / / 13 / / artha-yaha pramANa hai aura yaha pramANa kA phala hai aimA jo vyavahAra hai, baha pAramArthika hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAve to phira sva-pakSa kI siddhi aura para-pakSa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyAkhyA-pramANa aura phala vyavahAra ko kitaneka dArzanikoM ne kAlpanika mAnA hai / so unakA aisA kahanA isaliye ThIka nahIM hai ki ve apane isa pakSa kI siddhi binA pramANa prastuta kiye kaise kara sakate haiM / pramANa mithyA hai aura pramANa kA phala mithyA hai aisI mAnyatA mAdhyamika zUnyavAdI kI hai / / 13 / / pramANAbhAgAti kA kathana- -- sUtra-tattallakSaNAdivihInaM tattadvadhavavabhAsate tattadAmAsaM taccatuvidhaM svarUpa-saMkhyA-viSayaphalAbhAsa mevAt / / 14 / / vyAkhyA-pramANa kA svarUpa, pramANa kI saMkhyA, pramANa kA viSaya aura pramANa kA phala jaisA kahA jA cukA hai usase bhinna pramANa kA svarUpa mAnanA jaisA ki anya siddhAntakAroM ne kahA hai vaha pramANasvarUpAbhAsa hai| pratyakSa aura parokSa bhedoM ke atirikta aura pramANa ke bhedoM kI mAnyatA pramANa saMkhyAbhAsa hai / pratyeka pramANa ke sAmAnya aura vizeSarUpa viSaya ke sivAya svatantra sAmAnya yA vizeSa ko biSaya karane vAlA pramANa hai aisI mAnyatA pramANa viSayAbhAsa rUpa hai / tathA jo pramANa kA phala kahA gayA hai vaha usase sarvathA bhinna yA sarvajJA abhinna hai, aisA mAnanA pramANa phalAbhAsarUpa hai| isa taraha apane svarUpa, saMkhyA, viSaya aura phala kI ayathArthatA ke kAraNa pramANAbhAsa cAra prakAra kA ho jAtA hai // 14 // pramANa svarUpAbhAsoM kA nAma nirdeza sUtra-pramANasvarUpAmAsA ajJAnAtmakAnAtmaprakAzaka - svamAtrAvamAsaka - nirSikarupa samAropAH // 15 // vyAkhyA...14va sUtra dvArA jo pramANAbhAsa cAra prakAra kA kahA hai so usI ke prathama bheda rUpa pramANasvarUpAbhAsa ke sambandha meM spaSTIkaraNa isa sUtra dvArA kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki sannikarSa Adi ko jo ki ajJAnarUpa haiM pramANa kA svarUpa mAnanA, sya ko athavA para ko na jAnane vAle jJAna ko pramANa mAnanA, anizcayAtmaka jJAna athavA darzana ko pramANa kahanA yA samAropa ko pramANa kahanA yaha saba pramANa kA svarUpAbhAsa hai / jo pramANa ke lakSaNa se to hIna hotA hai aura pramANa ke jasA pratIta hotA hai vaha pramANa mvarUpAbhAsa hai| pramANasvarUpAbhAsa se sva aura para kA nirNaya nahIM hotA hai / pramANa kA svarUpa sva aura para kA yathArtha nirNaya karanA kahA gayA hai / sannikarSa jJAnarUpa nahIM hai isaliye vaha pramANa svarUpAbhAsa hai| anAtma prakAzaka jJAna sva kA vyavasAyaka nahIM hai / isaliye vaha pramANasvarUpAbhAsa hai| svamAtrAvabhAsaka jJAna para kA vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hai isaliye vaha pramANasvarUpAbhAsa hai| nirvikalpaka darzana aura samAropa ye padArtha ke nizcAyaka nahIM haiM isaliye svarUpAbhAsa haiM / / 1 / /

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sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa myAyaratnasAra paMcama adhyAya 1 46 sUtra sadhyavahArika pratyakSalakSaNarahitaM tadUvavabhAsamAnaM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsam // 16 // vyAkhyA - jo jJAna vAstava meM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa to nahIM hai kintu usa jaisA jJAta hotA hai vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa hai / indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAle ekadeza vizada jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA gayA hai / isake indriyaja sAMvyavahArikapratyakSa aura anindriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aise do bheda haiM / cakSurAdi indriyoM se jo padArtha kA ekadeza vizada-nirmala jJAna hotA hai vaha indriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai / isase viparIta indriyoM dvArA meghoM meM jo gandharvanagara kA jJAna hotA hai vaha indriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jo mana kI sahAyatA se jJAna hotA hai| jaise meM ki maiM sukhI hai, maiM dukhI hU~ ityAdi vaha anindriyaja sAMvyavahArika hai| isase viparIta 'sukha duHkha kA jJAna aura duHkha meM sukha kA jJAna jo hotA hai vaha anindriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa hai // 16 // pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsa sUtra-ganaH kevalajJAnAvRte vikale pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsam ||17| vyAsthA - avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ina tIna jJAnoM ko pAramArthika pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai| usameM mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye do jJAna pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsa nahIM hote haiN| mithyAtvayukta avasthA meM jIvoM ke hone vAle jJAna hI tadAbhAsa rUpa hote haiN| manaH paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye donoM jJAna mithyAdRSTi jIva ke nahIM hote haiN| kintu samyagdRSTi jIva ke hI hote haiM / isaliye inheM tadAbhAsarUpa nahIM kahA gayA hai / avadhijJAna vikala pAramArthika pratyakSa meM parigaNita huA hai / aura jaba yaha mithyAdRSTi jIva ke hotA hai taba isakA nAma vibhaMgajJAna kahA gayA hai| zivarAjarSi ne isI vibhaMga ke prabhAva se asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudroM se yukta bhI isa madhyaloka ko kevala sAta dvIpa samudroM se yukta kahA hai / yaha vibhaMgajJAna kA hI prabhAva hai| yaha vibhaMga pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsa kA udAharaNa hai 1|17|| smaraNa bhAsa sUtra - ananubhUne vastunitiditijJAnaM smaraNAbhAsam / / 18 / / vyAkhyA - jisakA pahale isa paryAya meM kabhI anubhavana na huA ho usa vastu meM "vaha" aisA jJAna honA smaraNAbhAsa hai| yaha to nizcita hai ki smaraNajJAna anubhUta vastu meM hI hotA hai phira bhI jisa padArtha ko pahale kabhI nahIM dekhA hai use smaraNa kA viSaya banAnA yahI smaraNAbhAsa hai // 18 // pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa - sUtra - samAna vastuni tadevedamityAdi jJAnaM pratyabhijJAnAmAsam ||16|| vyAkhyA - samAna AkAra vAle padArtha meM yaha vahI hai aisA jJAna honA isakA nAma pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai / yaha pahale pratyabhijJAna ke lakSaNa meM prakaTa kara diyA gayA hai ki anubhavarUpa pratyakSa aura smRti se jo jor3arUpa jJAna utpanna hotA hai usakA nAma pratyabhijJAna hai / aura yaha pratyabhijJAna sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna, ekatva pratyabhijJAna Adi ke bheda se aneka prakAra kA hotA hai| jahAM sAdRzya kI pratIti meM ekatva kI pratIti ho vaha ekatva pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai| jaise- devadatta aura yazadatta AkAra meM samAna hoM to yahAM devavatta ko dekhakara aisA kahanA ki yaha vahI yajJadatta hai / yaha ekatva pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa kA udAharaNa hai| jahAM ekatva kI pratIti meM sAdRzya kI pratIti ho vahAM sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hotA hai| jaise- 'yaha yahI hai' isa pratIti ke sthAna meM 'yaha usake samAna hai' aisI pratIti honA ityAdi // 16 //

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nyAyaratnasAra paMcama adhyAya takabhiAsa sUtra-- asatyAmapi vyAptItagrAhakastAbhAsa // 20 // pyApA---nika honera bhI vyApti kA grahaNa karane vAlA tarka takAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| tarka kA lakSaNa prakaTa karate samaya yaha batAyA gayA hai ki mAdhya sAdhana kI vyApti kA jo grahaNa karane bAlA jJAna hai vahI tarka hai / parantu jahAM para yaha lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| arthAt vyAptizUnya sAdhya sAdhana meM jo vyApti grahaNa karatA hai| jaise-"garbhastho maitratanayaH zyAmo bhaviSyati maitratanayatvAt" maitra kA putra hone se garbhastha mai aputra kAlA hogA / kyoMki jo-jo maitra-putra hotA hai vaha kAlA hotA hai so aisI vyApti grahaNa karane vAlA zAna takAbhAsa hai| kyoMki maMtra-putra ke sAtha kAle hone kI vyApti nahIM hai / / 20 / / anumAnAbhAsa sUtra-- pakSAbhAsAdijaM jAnamanumAnAbhAsam ||21 // syAkhyA--tarkAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa karake aba sUtrakAra isa sUtra dvArA anumAnAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| pakSa, hetu. dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ye anumAna ke pA~ca aMga haiN| inameM kisI bhI eka aMga ke lakSaNa ke mithyA hone para anumAna anumAnAbhAsa ho jAtA hai / jaise--sAdhya kA lakSaNa jo apratIta, anirAkRta, aura abhIpsita hotA hai vaha sAdhya hai aisA kahA gayA hai| inameM se yadi pratIta, nirAkRta aura anabhIpsita sAdhya se viziSTa pakSa hai to vaha pakSAbhAsa hai vAstavika paY nahIM hai| kyoMki sAdhya se viziSTa hI to pakSa hotA hai / jaba sAdhya hI sadoSa hai to usakA jo AdhArabhUta sthAna hai-pakSa hai, vaha nirdoSa kase raha sakatA hai ? sUtra meM jo Adi zabda prayukta huA hai usase hetvAbhAsa, ipTAntAbhAsa upanayAbhAsa aura nigamanAbhAsa kA grahaNa huA hai / ina saba AbhAsoM kA kathana sUtrakAra svayaM Age karane vAle haiM / ataH yahAM para inakA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai // 21 // sUtra-pratIla bAdhitAnabhimata sAdhya dharma vizeSaNabhedAtatrividhaH pakSAbhAsaH ||rsaa vyAkhyA-pakSAbhAsa tIna prakAra kA hai-(1) pratIta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA (2) bAdhita sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA aura (3) anabhIpsita sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vaalaa| inameM jaba koI jaina mAnyatA vAloM ke samakSa aisA kahatA hai ki "asti jIvaH" jIva hai| yahAM pakSa jIva hai aura "asti" hai-yaha mAdhya hai to usakA aisA kathana jainoM ko pratIta hone ke kAraNa pratIta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa bana jAtA hai / hAM yadi yahAM para prayoktA aisA kahatA ki jIva astitva dharma viziSTa hI hai to aisI ekAnta mAnyatA jainoM ko nahIM hai / ataH vaha pratIta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki "vahiranuSNa" agti anuSNa-ThaMDI haiM / yahAM para bahni pakSa hai aura anuSyatva sAdhya hai / para vahnirUpa pakSa meM anuSNatvarUpa sAdhya sparzanendriyajanya pratyakSa se bAdhita hai / ataH yaha pakSabAdhita sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI jaina dharmAnuyAyI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda nitya hai yA anitya hI hai to usakA yaha kayana anabhIpsita sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa bAlA pakSAbhAsa kI koTi meM AtA hai / kyoMki jaina mAnyatA pratyeka padArtha ko anekadharmAtmaka mAnatI hai / isa taraha jo pakSa prasiddha sAdhya dharma vAlA, bAdhita sAdhya dharma vAlA aura aniSTa sAdhya dharma vAlA hotA hai vaha pakSAbhAsa ho jAtA hai / / 22 / / -- - - - .

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nyAyaratnasAra paMcama adhyAya arfan sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa pakSAbhAsa ke bheda [ 51 sUtra - bAdhitasAdhyadharma vizeSaNa pakSAbhAsaH sAdhyasya pratyakSAdibhinirAkaraNAdanekavidhaH ||23|| vyAkhyA- - pUrvokta rUpa se jo gAbhA tIna prakAra ke kar3e gaye haiM unameM se dvitIya pakSAbhAsa jo vAdhitasAdhyadharmAvizeSaNa vAlA hai usake isa sUtra dvArA aneka bheda prakaTa kiye gaye haiM / inameM pratyakSa se, anumAna se, Agama se, loka se aura svavacana se jisa pakSa kA sAdhya nirAkRta hotA hai vaha usa nAma kA nirAkRta sAdhyadharmavizeSaNa bAlA pakSAbhAsa hotA hai / pratItasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa aura abhIpsita sAdhyavamavizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa ke bheda nahIM hote haiN| jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda paudgalika nahIM hai kyoMki vaha AkAza kA guNa hai to aisI pratijJA meM zabdarUpa pakSa zravaNapratyakSa dvArA grAhya hone ke kAraNa apaudgalika sAdhya se zUnya hotA hai| isaliye vaha pratyakSa se bAdhita sAdhyadharmavizeSaNa vAlA hone se pakSAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| isI taraha anya anumAna Adi nirAkRta sAdhyadharmavizeSaNa vAle pakSAbhAsoM ke sambandha meM bhI jAna lenA cAhiye / sUtrakAra svayaM isakA khulAsA Age ke sUtroM dvArA kara rahe haiM ||23|| pratyakSa nirAkRtasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa sUtra --- vanhiranuSNo dravyatvAjjalavaditi ||24| vyAkhyA - jisa pakSa kA sAdhya pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita hotA hai vaha pratyakSa nirAkRta sAdhya dharma bAlA pakSAbhAsa hai / jaise- agni ThaMDI hai kyoMki vaha dravya hai| yahAM agni pakSa aura ThaNDI sAdhya hai / para yaha sAdhya sparzanendriyajanya pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita hai kyoMki usase to vaha uSNa hI pratIta hotI hai ataH agniranuSNaH yaha pratijJA pratyakSa nirAkRtasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa pakSAbhAsavAlI hai | 24|| anumAna nirAkRta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa -- sUtra - nAsti sarvazaH vakta tvAkhyA puruSavaditi // 25 // | - jisa pakSa kA sAdhya anumAna pramANa se bAdhita hotA hai vaha anumAna nirAkRtasAdhya dharmavizeSaNa pakSAbhAsa hai| jaise jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki sarvajJa nahIM hai kyoMki baktA hai to yahAM para "sarvajJa" pakSa hai aura "nahIM hai" sAdhya hai / para yaha sAdhya " asti sarvajaH sunizcitA saMbhavAdabAdhakapramAgatvAt " apane pakSa meM anumAna dvArA bAdhita ho jAtA hai / isaliye sarvajJa nahIM hai, aisA yaha pakSa sarvajJa hai isa anumAna dvArA bAdhita ho jAne ke kAraNa anumAnabAdhita sAdhyadharmavizeSapakSAbhAsa rUpa hai ||25|| Agama nirAkRta sAdhyadharmavizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa sUtra - dharmaH pretyaduHkhavo jIvAdhiSThitaravAtha dharmavaditi / / 26 / / vyAkhyA -- yaha pakSAbhAsa vahIM para hotA hai jahA~ para Agama se nirAkRta sAdhya hotA hai| jaisa jAdhiSThita hone ke kAraNa pApa kI taraha dharma paraloka meM duHkhadAtA hai aise isa kathana meM dharma pakSa hai aura duHkhadatva sAdhya hai / yaha sAdhya pakSa meM Agama se bAdhita hotA hai kyoMki Agama meM dharma ko ubhayaloka sukhadAyI kahA gayA // 26 // 1. dharmaH sarvasukhAkarI hitakaro dharmebudhAzcitvale dharmeNaitrasamApyate zivasutaM dharmAya tasmai namaH 1 dharmAnnAstmaparaH suhRdudbhavabhUtAM dharmasya mUlaM dayA dharmecitta mahaMdadhe pratidinaM, he dharma ! mI pAlaya / /

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52 | nyAyaratnasAra : paMcama adhyAya loka nirAkRta sAdhyadharmavizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa : sUtra-bayA'nAryA''ryajanAnAcaritvAt pApayat / / 27 / / vyAkhyA-jaise koI aisA kahe ki dayA nahIM karanI cAhiye kyoMki vaha pApa kI taraha Arya puruSoM dvArA anAcaraNIya hai so isa prakAra kA kathana loka vyavahAra se bAdhita hai| kyoMki loka vyavahAra meM dayA ko AcaraNIya kahA gayA hai / ataH dayArUpa pakSa meM anAryapanA loka vyavahAra se bAdhita hone ke kAraNa yaha pratijJA loka nirAkRta sAdhya dharmavizeSaNavAlI hai|| 27 / / svavacana nigakRtasAdhyadharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa : sUtra-tattvamanityavakta mazakyasyAt / / 28 // vyAkhyA-yaha pakSAbhAsa taba hotA hai ki jisameM apane hI siddhAnta kA apane kathana dvArA vyAghAta ho jAve / jaise-jaba sarvathA abaktabyaukAntavAdI aisA kahatA hai ki vastutatva zabdoM dvArA prakAzita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ataH vaha anidezya hai so aisA usakA kathana svatracanabAdhita hone ke kAraNa svabacana nirAkRta sAdhyadharmavizeSaNa pakSAbhAsarUpa hai kyoMki tatva kI anidezyatA meM "tattvamanirdezya" aimA zAbdika vyavahAra bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai / nahIM to anidezyaH zabda dvArA nirdezya ho jAne ke kAraNa sarvathA anirdezya siddha nahIM ho pAtA hai / isI prakAra bhojana karate samaya yadi koI aisA kahatA hai ki maiM mauna se bhojana karatA hU~ to usakA aisA kahanA bhI isI pakSAbhAsa ke antargata samajhanA cAhiye || 28 // hetvAbhAsa sUtra- asiddhaviruddhAnekAntikabhedAddhi hetvAbhAsAstrividhAH / / 26 // vyAkhyA-asiddha, viruddha aura anaitika ke bheda se hetvAbhAsa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiN| anumAnAbhAsa ke prasaGga ko lekara pakSAbhAsa kA kathana karake aba sutrakAra hetvAbhAsa kA kathana karate haiN| jo sAdhya ke sAtha abinAbhAva sambandha vAlA hotA hai usakA nAma hetu hai / yahI hetu kA nirdoSa lakSaNa hai| dusa lakSaNa se rahita huA jo hetu ke jaisA pratIta ho usakA nAma hetvAbhAla hai / hetvAbhAsa pUrvokta rUpa se tIna prakAra ke hote haiM / hetu meM hetvAbhAsatA tabhI AtI hai ki jaba usakI anyathAnupapatti sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita nahIM hotii| yaha asiddha hetvAbhAsa svarUpAsiddha, AzrayA siddha, anyatarAsiddha, ubhayAsiddha aura simita Adi ke bheda se aneka prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| jaba koI aisA karatA hai ki "zabdo'ninya cAkSa SatvAt" zabda anitya hai kyoMki baha cakSa, indriya kA viSaya hai| yahA~ para cAkSa Satva hetu gabda meM svarUpa se nahIM raha sakane ke kAraNa svarUpAsiddha hai kyoMki zabda thotrandriya kA viSaya hotA hai / AzrayAsiddha hetu vahA~ hotA hai jahAM usakA Azraya kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotA hai / jase yadi koI aisA kahatA hai ki "bandhyAstanandhayo'sti prameyatvAt" to yahA~ para prameyatva hetu AzrayAsiddha hai / anyatarAsiddha hetu vahA~ hotA hai ki jaba vaha vAdI pratibAdI meM kisI eka ko asiddha hotA hai| jaise jaba koI sAMsya ke prati aisA kahatA hai ki "zabdo'nityaH kRtakatvAt" zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kiyA jAtA hai-utpanna hotA hai to yahA~ para kRtakatva hetu anyatarAsiddha hai kyoMki sAMkhya siddhAnta satkAryabAdI hai ataH usake siddhAnta meM kisI kI bhI utpatti nahIM mAnI gaI hai| ubhayAsiddha hetu yahA~ para hotA hai ki jaba hetu vAdI prativAdI donoM ko mAnya nahIM hotA jaise--yadi aisA kahA jAya ki zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha sparzanendriya dvArA grAhya hotA hai to yahA~ para hetu vAdI prativAdI donoM ko asiddha hai / saMdigdhA siddha hetu vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ hetu ke svarUpa meM saMdeha hotA hai / jaise koI mugdhabuddhi vAlA vyakti jaba zabda mUrdhA meM uThatI huI vASpa

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mAyaratnasAra : paMcama adhyAya / 53 ko dekhatA hai to kahatA hai ki yahA~ para agni hai kyoMki isameM se dhUma nikala rahA hai| usakI isa bAta ko sunakara gurujana usase kahate haiM ki yaha dhUma nahIM hai, yaha to bhApa hai / vASpa ke hone para agni nahIM hotii| aba vaha isa bAta ko jAnakara jaba kabhI parvata meM ur3ate hue dhUma ko dekhatA hai to vaha usake svarUpa meM sandehazIla bana jAtA hai aura vicArane laga jAtA hai ki kahIM yaha bASpa to nahIM hai / isa taraha yaha hetu usakI apekSA saMdigdhAsiddha kahA gayA hai, kyoMki usake svarUpa meM use saMdeha hai| isI prakAra se aura bhI isa hetvAbhAsa ke bheda haiM jo pramANa mIrmAsA Adi granthoM se jAne jA sakate haiN| jisa hetu kI vyApti sAdhya se biruddha ke sAtha hI hotI hai usakA nAma viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai / jaise zabda nitya hai kyoMki yaha kiyA huA hotA hai / yahA~ para hetu kI vyApta apane sAdhya se viruddha ke sAtha hI hai| jo hetu pakSa sapakSa meM rahatA huA bhI vipakSa ke sAtha rahatA hai vaha anekAntika hetu hai jaise yaha parvata dhUmavAlA hai kyoMki agnivAlA hai---yahA~ agnivAlA yaha hetu parvatarUpa pakSa aura rasoIghara rUpa sapakSa meM rahatA huA bhI vipakSa jo agniyukta ayogolaka hai usame bhI rahatA hai, ataH anaikAntika hai / aba sUtrakAra svayaM ina hetvAbhAsoM kA spaSTIkaraNa sUtroM dvArA karate haiM // 26 / / asiddha hetvAbhAsa sUtra--nizcitAnyathAnupapattyabhAvo'siddho'nekavidhaH // 30 // artha-apane sAdhya ke jisa hetu kI vyApti kisI bhI pramANa se nizcita nahIM hotI hai use asiddha hetyAbhAsa kahate haiM aura yaha aneka prakAra kA hai / 26- sUtra kI TIkA ke dvArA ye aneka prakAra prakaTa kriye hI jA cuke haiM / / 30 / / viruddha hetvAbhAsa sUtra-sAdhyAbhAve nava nizcita niyama ko viruddhaH // 31 // vyAkhyA-jisa hetu kA avinAbhAvarUpa niyama apane sAdhya ke abhAva ke sAdhya se viruddha ke sAtha nizcita hotA hai aisA vaha hetu viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / jaise-jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda nitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai / yahA~ kRtaka hetu kI vyApti apane sAdhya nitya ke abhAvarUpa-viruddha ---anitya ke sAtha haiM // 31|| amaikAntika sUtra---pakSa-sapakSa-vipakSe'pi vRttimAnanaikAntikaH // 32 // vyAkhyA-jo hetu pakSa, sapakSa meM rahatA huA vipakSa meM bhI rahatA hai vaha anaikAntika hetu hai| jaise-jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki---yaha parvata dhUma bAlA hai, kyoki yaha agni vAlA hai / yahA~ para dhUma vAlA hai yaha sAdhya hai aura agni vAlA hai yaha hetu hai / so yaha hetu apane pakSarUpa parvata meM bhI rahatA hai aura sapakSa jo rasoIghara hai usameM bhI rahatA hai / parantu vipakSa jo jalahadAdi haiM unase yaha vyAvRtta nahIM hai| kintu unameM bhI rahatA hai / ataH jo aisA hetu hotA hai vahI anekAntika hetvAbhAsa kahA gayA hai // 32 // anakAntika hetvAbhAsa ke bheda-- sUtra--saMdigdha nizcita vipakSavRtti bhedAd asaudvividhaH / / 33 / / vyAkhyA-yaha anekAntika hetvAbhAsa saMdigdha vipakSavRtti aura nizcita vipakSavRtti ke bheda se do 1. "svotpattI apekSita parabyApAro hi kRta ucyate" apanI utpatti meM jo para ke vyApAra ko apekSA rakhatA hai, kRtaka kahalAtA hai|

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54| nyAyaratnasAra : paMcama adhyAya prakAra kA hai / jisa hetu kI vRtti vipakSa meM saMdigdha hotI hai vaha saMdigdhavipakSasi anaikAntika hai| jaise-jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki "ahaMta sarvajJonAsti baktatvAta" ahaMta paramAtmA sarvajJa nahIM hai kyoki ve vaktA haiM / to yahAM para vaktRtva rUpa hetu apane sAdhya ko nizcita rUpa se siddha nahIM kara sakatA hai| kyoMki sarvajJatva kA aura ghavatRtva kA paraspara meM koI virodha nahIM hai / arhanta prabhu meM sarvajJatA bhI rahI Ave aura vaktRtva bhI rahA Ave / ataH sarvajJAbhAba se vipakSa- sarvajJa meM isa hetu kI vRtti zaMkita hone sesaMdigdha hone se yaha saMdigdha vipakSa vRtti bAlA ho jAtA hai / tathA jisa hetu kI vRtti vipakSa meM nizcita rUpa se rahatI hai vaha nizcita vipakSa batti bAlA anaMkAntika hetvAbhAsa hai / jaise "zabdo'nityaH prameyatvAt ghaTabat" zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha ghaTa' kI taraha prameya hai / yahA~ prameya rUpa hetu pakSa-zabda meM bhI rahatA hai aura sapakSa ghaTa meM bhI rahatA hai para vipakSa jo anityAbhAvarUpa AkAza hai usase yaha vyAvana tahIM hai / ataH usameM bhI isakI vRtti nizcita hai / isaliye yaha nimicata vipakSa vRtti vAlA anekAntika hetvAbhAsa hai / / 33 / / dRSTAntAbhAsa sUtra--sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAso navavidha sAdhyasAdhanobhayadharma vikalaH, saMkSidha sAdhyasAdhanobhayAnanvayA pradazitAnvaya viparItAnvaya bhedAt // 34 / / vyAsyA- pakSAbhAsa aura hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa karake aba sUtrakAra dRSTAntAbhAsoM kI prarUpaNA karate haiN| yaha pahale samajhA diyA gayA hai ki hATAnta do prakAra kA hotA hai-pAka sAdharmyadRSTAnta aura dUsarAvadhaya'haTAnta / sAdhamyaMhASTAnta jaba sadoSa hotA hai taba vaha sAdharmyaSTAntAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai| isI sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa ke yahA~ ye no bheda batalAye gaye haiN| sAdhya dharma vikaladRSTAntAbhAsa (1), sAdhanadharma vikala dRSTAntAbhAsa (2), sAdhya sAdhanobhaya vikala dRSTAntAbhAsa (3), saMdigdha sAdhya dharma vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (4). saMdigdha sAdhana dharma cAlA iSTAntAbhAsa (5). saMdigdha ubhaya vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (6), ananvaya dRSTAntAbhAsa (7), apradarzitAnvayavAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (E), aura viparItAnvaya vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (6) / inakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra se hai-- ___ "amUrta hone ke kAraNa duHkha kI taraha zabda nitya hai" isa anumAna prayoga meM zabda pakSa, nitya sAdhya, amUrta hetu aura duHkha dRSTAnta hai / iSTAnta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM rahate haiM para yahA~ jo "duHkha" dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai yaha sAdhyavikala hai| kyoMki duHkha nitya nahIM hai| isI taraha zabda meM isI heta dvArA jaba nityatA siddha karane ke liye paramANu ko dRSTAnta ke sthAna para rakhA jAtA hai to paudgalika hone se paramANu meM amUrtatva hetu kA abhAva rahatA hai / ataH yaha dRSTAnta sAdhana dharma vikala hone ke kAraNa sAdhana dharma vikala dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI taraha jaba isI hetu dvArA zabda meM nityatva sAdhya karate samaya ghaTa rUpa dRSTAnta diyA jAye to yaha iTAnta sAdhya-sAdhana donoM se vikala ho jAtA hai| ataH dRSTAntAbhAsa ko zreNi meM parigaNita ho jAtA hai / saMdigdha sAdhyAdi dharma vAle dRSTAntAmAsa ke udAharaNa isa prakAra se haiM / yaha puruSa rAgAdi vAlA hai kyoMki vaktA hai, jaisA ki devadatta / yahA~ devadatta yaha dRSTAnta saMdigdha sAdhya bAlA hai / kyoMki anya janoM ke manoM ke manovikAra apratyakSa hone se devadatta meM gagAdi kA sadbhAva saMdigdha hai / isI prakAra yaha puruSa maraNadharmavAlA hai kyoMki devadana kI taraha yaha gagAdivAlA 1. amartattvena nitye zabde sAdhye kArya paramANu ghaTAH sAdhya sAdhanobhaya viklaa|" -pramANamImAMsAyAm 23

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nyAya rasmasAra:paMcama adhyAya hai / yahA~ diye gaye devadatta dRSTAnta meM sAdhya kI sattA rahane para bhI hetu ke sabhApa meM saMdeha hai / yaha sarvadarzI nahIM hai kyoMki munivizeSa kI taraha yaha rAgAdivAlA hai| yahA~ dRSTAntarUpa munivizeSa meM sAdhya sarvazitva kA aura sAdhana rAgadvaSAdi kA donoM kA saMdeha hai / isaliye yaha saMdigdhobhaya dharmavAlA dRSTAnnAbhAsa hai / "yaha puruSa rAgadvaSa Adi bAlA hai kyoMki yaha vaktA hai| jaisA ki iSTa puruSa yahA~ isa ipTa puruSa rUpa dRSTAnta meM yadyapi sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kA sadbhAva hai. parantu phira bhI aisI vyApti-anvaya--nahIM bana sakatI hai ki jo-jo vaktA hotA hai vaha vaha rAgAdi vAlA hotA hai / isaliye graha ananvaya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| zabda anitya hai kyoki vaha kRtaka hai jaisA ki ghtt| to yahA~ para jo ghaTa dRSTAnta hai usameM mAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kI sattA ha / parantu phira bhI jahA~-jahA~ kRtakatA hotI hai bahA~-vahA~ anityatA hotI hai| isa prakAra se use vAdI ne apane bacana dvArA pradarzita nahIM kiyA hai| isase yaha apradarzitAnvaya nAma kA dRSTAntA bhAsa hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai jaimA ki ghaTa / to yahA~ para jo ghaTa rUpa dRSTAnta hai usameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kA sadbhAva hai parantu phira bhI usameM jo-jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha-vaha anitya hotA hai aisI anvaya vyApti na kahakara jo-jo anitya hotA hai vaha-vaha kRtaka hotA hai aisI viparIta anya vyApti kahI hai aura usameM tRSTAnta ghaTa kA pradazita kiyA hai ataH yaha viparItAnvaya nAma kA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / / 34 // . baMdha pAtAbhA' * .. sUtra --vaidhaHdRSTAntAbhAso'pyevamevAsiddha saMdigdha sAdhyAdi vyatirekAmyatirekoktyAdi yogAta // 35|| vyAkhyA--sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa kI taraha vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa bhI nau prakAra kA hai / jaise-asiddha sAdhyavyatireka, asiddha sAdhana vyatireka, asiddha ubhaya vyatireka, saMdigdha sAdhyavyatireka, saMdigdha sAdhana vyatireka, saMdigdha ubhaya vyatireka, kevala avyatireka, tathA Adi pada se gRhIta apradarzita vyatireka aura viparIta vyatireka / isa prakAra se ye nau bheda vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa ke haiN| anvaya dRSTAnta meM jisa prakAra se sAdhana ke sadbhAva meM sAdhya kA sadbhAva divAyA jAtA hai usI prakAra se vaidhayaM dRSTAnta meM sAdhya ke abhAva meM mAdhana kA abhAva dikhAyA jAtA hai / kahane kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki jisa vaidhadRSTAnta meM sAdhya kA, sAdhana kA yA donoM kA vyatireka-abhAva asiddha ho, yA saMdigdha ho, athavA ThIka taraha se prakaTa na kiyA gayA ho. yA viparIta rUpa se prakaTa kiyA gayA ho vaha vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / jaba koI aisA kahatA hai--anumAna bhrAnta hai kyoMki vaha pramANa hai| yahA~ vyatireka isa prakAra se banAnA cAhiye-jo bhrAnta nahIM hotA hai vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hotA hai jaise-ki svapnazAna / "anumAna bhrAnta hai" isa prakAra kathana meM bhrAnta yaha sAdhya hai aura pramANalAn yaha hetu hai vyatireka meM pahale sAdhyAbhAva aura bAda meM hetvAbhAva pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ vaha isa prakAra se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai--jo prAnta nahIM hotA (yaha sAdhyAbhAva hai vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hotA (yaha hetvabhAva hai) jaisA svapnazAna yaha vaidhayaMTATAnta hai)| yaha asiddha sAdhya vyatireka bAlA hone se vadhayadRSTAntAbhAsa hai-. kyoMki svapnajJAna meM bhrAntatva kA abhAvarUpa jo sAdhya vyatireka hai vaha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai pratyuta prAntatva hI pAyA jAtA hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hai kyoMki vaha pramANa hai| yahA~ nirvikalpaka yaha sAdhya hai aura pramANatvAt yaha hetu hai jo nirvikalpaka nahIM hotA vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hotA yaha vyatireka hai / isameM dRSTAnta anumAna hai| yaha anumAnampa dRSTAnta asiddha

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nyAyaratnasAra : paMcama adhyAya sAdhana vyatireka vAlA hone se dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| kyoMki isameM pramANatvAbhAvarUpa sAdhana byatireka kA abhAva hai / jo anumAna nirdoSa hetu se utpanna hotA hai usase pramANa mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda kathaMcit nityAnityAtmaka hai kyoMki vaha sat svarUpa hai / jo aisA nahIM hotA baha satasvarUpa bhI nahIM hotA jaisA ki stambha / yahA~ stambharUpa dRSTAnta asiddha sAdhya sAdhanobhava vyatireka vAlA badharmya dRSTAntAbhAsarUpa hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki "kapila asarvajJa yA anApta hai kyoMki vaha akSaNika ekAntavAdI hai / jo aisA nahIM hotA vaha ekAnta kSaNikavAdI hotA hai ki jaisA sugata / sugata yaha vaidharmya dRSTA hai / para yaha saMdigdha sAdhya vyatireka vAlA hai / isaliye vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / kyoMki sugata meM asarvajJatva yA anAratatva ke vyatireka kA sandeha hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai---yaha puruSa azraddhaya vacanavAlA hai kyoMki isameM rAga-dveSa Adi hai / jo aisA nahIM hotA hai vaha rAga doSa Adi bAlA bhI nahIM hotA-jaisA ki zuddhodana kA putra buddha / buddha meM sAdhana kA vyatireka saMdigdha hai| isaliye yaha dRSTAnta sadigdha sAdhana vyatireka vAlA hone se baMdhabhyaM dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai- "kapila vItarAga nahIM hai nayoMki usane dayA karake kRpApAtroM ko bhI apane mAMsa kA khaNDa taka nahIM diyA / jo potarA hotAI vaha dabAlu hotA huA kRpApAtroM ko apane mAMsa kA khaNDa pradAna karatA hai jaisA ki tapanabandhu manivizeSa ne kiyA hai / " yahA~ sAdhya bItarAgAbhASa hai aura sAdhana dayA se prerita hokara kRpApAtroM ke liye apane mAMsa kA khaNDa nahIM denA hai| ina donoM sAdhya aura sAdhana kA vyatireka vItarAga aura dayA se prerita hokara kRpApAtroM ko svamAMsa khaNDa kA pradAna karanA hai| isa vyatireka meM-dRSTAnta meM--vItarAgatvarUpa sAdhya kA aura paramadayA se prerita hokara kRpApAtroM ke lie svamAMsa khaNDa kA pradAna karanA rUpa sAdhana ye donoM hI saMdigdha haiN| isaliye yaha saMdigdhasAdhyasAdhanobhaya vyatireka vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha puruSa vItarAga nahIM hai kyoMki yaha vaktA hai jo bItarAga hotA hai vaha vaktA nahIM hotA hai-jaisA ki acitta prastara khaNDa / yahA~ prastara khaNDa meM sAdhya vyatireka rUpa vItarAgatva kA aura sAdhana vyatireka rUpa vavatRtvAbhAva (avavatRtva) kA yadyapi sadbhAva ha parantu phira bhI aisI vyatireka vyApti nahIM banatI hai ki jahA~-jahA~ bItarAgatA hotI hai vahA~vahA~ vaktRtvAbhAva hotA hai ataH yaha avyatireka nAma kA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI taraha jaba koI aisA kahatA hai-zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hotA hai jo anitya nahIM hotA vaha kRtaka bhI nahIM hotA jaisA ki gagana / yahA~ para gagana meM vyatireka vyApti yadyapi maujUda hai| parantu phira bhI vAdI ne use apane vacana dvArA pradarzita nahIM kI hai| isI kAraNa yaha apradazita vyatireka nAma kA vaidhaya'dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI prakAra se jaba koI aisA kahatA hai-zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hotA hai| jo kRtaka nahIM hotA vaha anitya bhI nahIM hotA jaise--AkAza / isa prakAra kA jo yahA~ para vyatireka AkAza meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai vaha viparIta rUpa meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / prakaTa vyatireka to isa prakAra se karanA cAhie thAki jo anitya nahIM hotA baha kRtaka nahIM hotA isIliye yaha viparIta vyatireka vAlA vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa upanayanigamanAbhAsa : sUtra-pakSe hetoH sAdhyasya coktalakSaNa parIpenopasaMhArAvupanayanigamAnIbhAsau // 36 // 1. isa sambandha meM zivi rAjA kA bhI duSTAnta prasiddha hai|

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nyAyaratnasAra: paMcama adhyAya vyApA-pakSa meM hetu kA upasaMhAra karanA yaha upanaya hai aura pakSa meM sAdhya kA upasaMhAra karanA yaha nigamana hai / aisA upanaya aura nigamana kA yathArtha svarUpa kahA gayA hai| parantu isa svarUpa kI apekSA inakA viparIta rUpa se upasaMhAra karanA yaha kramaza: upanayAbhAsa aura nigamanAbhAsa hai ! jaise-jaba koI aisA kahatA hai yaha parvata agnivAlA hai kyoMki yaha dhUmavAlA hai jo-jo dhumavAlA hotA hai vaha vaha agnivAlA hotA hai jaisA ki rasoIghara yahAM taka to pratijJAvAkya, hetuvAkya aura dRSTAntavAkya ye saba dArzanika paddhati ke anusAra nirdoSa haiM parantu jaba duharAte samaya aisA kahA jAtA hai ki yaha parvata agni vAlA hai isaliye yaha dhumavAlA hai aisA yaha duharAmA jo pakSa meM sAdhya ke upasaMhAra rUpa hai vahIM upanayAbhAsa hai kyoMki isa prakAra ke isa upasaMhAra se jahA~-jahA~ agni hotI hai vahA~ vahA~ dhUma hotA hai aisI vyApti banAI gaI pramANita ho jAtI hai, parantu aisI vyApti sadoSa hone ke kAraNa banatI nahIM hai / kyoMki ayogolaka meM isa vyApti kA vyabhicAra dekhA jAtA hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki agni- kAlA hone se hI yaha parvata dhumavAlA hai to yaha pakSa meM hetu kA nuhAnA nigamanAbhAma hai kyoMki pahale hetu ko pakSa meM duharAyA jAtA hai aura bAda meM sAdhya ko duharAyA jAnA hai. yahA~ aisA nahIM kiyA gayA hai pratyuta viparIta pa se inako duharAyA gayA hai isI kAraNa inameM nadAbhAsanA AI hai / / 36|| AgamAbhAsa :-- sUtra--vipratArakAdivAkya janyaM jJAnamAgamAbhAsam // 37 / / dhyAsyA-vipratAraka Adi janoM ke vacanoM se jo arthajJAna hotA hai vaha AgamAbhAsa hai / jaisejaba koI vipratAraka puruSa aisA kahatA hai ki he bacco ! gambhIra nadI ke taura para modaka rAzi par3I huI hai. daur3o-dor3o, Adi / isI prakAra se adi koI vipratAraka bhI nahIM hai parantu yadi koI haMsI-majAka Adi meM ayathArtha vacana kahatA hai to una vacanoM se janya jJAna bhI ayathArthajJAna-AgamAbhAsa ho hai, aisA jAnanA cAhie / / 37 // saMkhyAbhAsa: sUtra.-uktapramANahayAtiriktanyUnAdhika tassaMkhyAnaM saMkhyAbhAsam / / 3 / / vyAkhyA-pUrva meM pramANa ke do bheda prakaTa kiye gaye haiN| unase adhika yA kama bheda pramANa ke mAnanA, yaha saMkhyAbhAsa hai| cArvAka kI pramANa kI eka saMkhyA kI mAnyatA, vauddhoM kI pratyakSa aura anumAna ke bheda se do saMkhyA kI mAnyatA, sAMkhya kI pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ke bheda se tIna saMkhyA kI mAnyatA, akSapAda kI pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama aura upamAna ke bheda se cAra saMkhyA kI mAnyatA, prabhAkara kI pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna aura apitti ke bheda se pAMca saMkhyA kI mAnyatA, tathA bhaTTa ko pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna, apatti aura abhAva ke bheda se 6 saMkhyA kI mAnyatA saMkhyAbhAsarUpa hai, aisA jAnanA cAhiye // 30 // viSayAbhAma : sUtra-sAmAnyameva vizeSa eva yA nirapekSa tadubhayamevapramANaviSaya iti tasya viSayAbhAsaH / 3 / / vyAkhyA--sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka padArtha hI pramANa kA viSaya hai, aisA na mAnakara jo aisI

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58/ nyAyaratnasAra : paMcama adhyAya kisI-kisI kI mAnyatA hai ki pramANa kA viSaya kevala sAmAnya hI hai yA kevala vizeSa hI hai yA paraspara nirapekSa sAmAnya-vizeSa hI pramANa kA viSaya hai-so yaha saba mAnyatA viSayAbhAsarUpa hai // 36 / / phalAbhAsa : sUtra-pramANAtatphalaM sarvathA bhinnamabhinna veti phalAbhAsam / / 4 / / vyAkhyA-yaha pIche spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki pramANa kA ajJAnanivRtti Adi rUpa jo phala hai vaha pramANa se kathaMcit bhinna bhI hai aura kathaMcit abhinna bhI hai-isa siddhAnta ko na mAnakara kevala svamata-vyAmoha ke kAraNa jo bauddha siddhAnta ne pramANa ke phala ko pramANa se sarvathA abhinna, aura nayAyika siddhAnta ne pramANa ke phala ko pramANa se sarvathA bhinna mAnA hai so aisI yaha mAnyatA phalAbhAsarUpa hai, aisA jAnanA cAhiye // 40 // / / paMcama adhyAya samApta //

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SaSTho'dhyAya - naya kA svarUpa : sUtra-pramANAdhigatavastUnyanantamiNyekakAzaparyavasAyItarIzAnapalApIjJAturabhiprAyonayaH / / 1 / / __ vyAkhyA-ananta dharmoM kI piNDa rUpa vastu meM se jo ki zrata pramANa se adhigata huI hai kisI eka-eka vivakSita dharma kI mukhyatA karake aura zeSa dharmoM ko gauNa karake usa vastu kA usa eka vivakSita hue dharma pratipAdana karane vAle vaktA kA jo abhiprAyavizeSa hai usakA nAma taya hai| pramANa kA svarUpa, pramANa kI saMkhyA, pramANa kA viSaya, pramANa kA phala, pramANAbhAsa, saMkhyAbhAsa, viSayAbhAsa, evaM phalAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa karake sUtrakAra ne isa grantha ke samApti karane ke abhiprAya se naya aura nayAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa isa chaThaveM adhyAya meM kiyA hai / sabase pahale unhoMne naya kA kyA svarUpa hai, yahI isa sUtra dvArA samanAyA hai| pratyeka jIvAdika bastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| isa anantadharmAtmaka vastu ko jAnane vAlA zrata pramANa hai, naya nahIM / kyoMki naya meM dhugapat ananta dharmoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA nahIM hai| yaha to vastu kA pratipAdana una dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko pradhAna karake aura zeSa dhamoM ko gauNa karake hI karatA hai / ataH pratipAdana karane vAle vaktA kA isa prakAra kA jo abhiprAyavizeSa hai vahI naya hai / / 1 / / naya ke bheda : sUtra-nai pamasaMgrahatyavahArarjusUtrazabdasamamidevabhUtabhedAt sa saptavidhaH // 2 // vyAkhyA--naMgamanaya, saMgrahanaya, vyavahAranaya, RjusUtranaya, zabdanaya, samabhirUDhanaya aura evaMbhUta naya ke bheda se naya sAta prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| ananta dharmoM vAlI vastu meM se eka dharma ko grahaNa karake aura use hI mukhya karake naya usa vastu kA kathana karatA hai / ataH naya kA viSaya vastu kA eka dharma-aMzahI hotA hai, yaha naya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai / inake bhedoM ke nAma sUtrokta hai / granthakAra inakA salakSaNa kathana svayaM Age sUtroM dvArA kara rahe haiM ataH inakA svarUpa hamane yahAM nahIM kahA hai / / 2 / / nayAbhAsa :-- sUtra-svepsitadharmAvitarAMzApalApI sasyAbhAsaH // 3 // vyAkhyA-naya kA jaisA lakSaNa pUrva meM prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai usake anurUpa na hokara usase viparIta svarUpa vAlA nayAbhAsa hotA hai| nayAbhAsa kevala apane hI abhilaSita dharma kA maNDana karatA huA vastu meM rahe hue zeSa anya dharmoM kA khaNDana karatA hai| isa taraha anyatIrthika janoM ke jo sarvathA nitya rUpa yA sarvathA anitya rUpa pratipAdaka abhiprAya vizeSa haiM, ve saba nayAbhAsa rUpa haiM aisA isa kathana se puSTa ho jAtA hai // 3 // 59

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mAlAra: naya ke sAmAnya bheda : sUtra-sakSepa-vistArAbhyAmapi nayasya vaividhyamuktam // 4 / / vyAkhyA--saMkSe panaya aura vistAranaya ke bheda se bhI naya ke do bheda kahe gaye haiM / gamAdi nayoM kI apekSA yadyapi mayoM ke sAta bheda Upara batalAye jA cuke haiM phira bhI yahA~ bheda ye kahe gaye haiM ve una sAta bhedoM ke saMgrAhaka ho jAte haiM isaliye kahe gaye haiN| saMkSa.panaya kI apekSA bhI naya ke do vibhAga ho jAte haiN| eka vibhAga dravyAdhika rUpa hotA hai aura dUsarA vibhAga paryAyArthika rUpa hotA hai / vistAra kI apekSA jitane bacanA haiM ve santra naya rUpa haiM. isa kathana ke anusAra aneka aparimita bheda ho jAte haiN| naigamanaya, saMgrahanaya evaM vyavahAranaya ye Adi ke tIna 3 naya dravyAthika naya meM aura zeSa RjusUtranaya, zabdanaya, samabhiruvanaya aura evaMbhUtanaya ye cAra naya paryAyAthikanaya meM antahita ho jAte haiM / / 4 / / sUtra--saMkSepato nayo vividho-dravyaparyAyAthika vikalpAt / / 5 / / vyAkhyA--isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne pUrvokta viSaya kA hI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| yahA~ saMkSepa zabda kA artha "saMkSepa vidhi ko Azrita karake" aisA hai / isa taraha dravyAthikanaya aura paryAyAdhikanaya, ye do bheda naya ke saMkSepa se haiM / kevala dravya ko hI vipaya karane vAlA dravyAthikanaya hai aura kevala paryAya ko hI viSaya karane vAlA paryAyAthikanaya hai / dravya ke guNoM ko bhI viSaya karane vAlA paryAyAthika naya hI hai| ataH svatantra guNAthikamaya nahIM mAnA gayA hai / / 5 // sUtra--vistarato nayo'nekavidhaH // 6 // dhyAlyA vistAra kI apekSA naya aneka prakAra kahA hai kyoMki bastusvarUpa ke pratipAdaka jana ke vicAra vividha prakAra hote haiM, eka hI prakAra ke nahIM / isaliye inheM niyata saMkhyA se bAMdhA nahIM jA sakatA hai| pratipattA yA pratipAdaka jana ke jo abhiprAya haiM, ve hI so naya haiN| isaliye vistAra kI apekSA naya ko aneka prakAra kA kahA gayA hai // 6 // dravyAthika naya ke bheda :-. sUtra-gamasaMgrahavyavahAravikalpaistradhA dravyAthikaH // 7 // vyAkhyA-negamanaya, saMgrahanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke bheda se dravyAthikanaya tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| ina nayoM kA svarUpa Age ke sUtroM dvArA spaSTa kiyA jAne vAlA hai ataH yahA~ vaha nahIM likhaa|| 7 // naMgamanaya : sUtra--gauNamulyabhAvena paryAyayordravyayovravyaparyAyayozca vivakSaNAtmako naMgamanayaH / / 7 / / vyAkhyA-jo abhiprAyavizeSa do paryAyoM kI, do dravyoM kI aura dravyaparyAya kI mukhya aura gauNa rUpa se vivakSA karatA hai, aisA vaha vaktA kA abhiprAya hI naigamanaya hai / yaha naMgamanaya "nekegamAtrodhamArgAH yasya sa naMgamaH" isa kathana ke anusAra aneka prakAra ke upAyoM dvArA vastu kA bodha karAtA hai / kabhI yaha do paryAyoM meM se kisI eka paryAya ko mukhya karake aura kisI eka paryAya ko gauNa karake vastu kA kathana karatA hai to kabhI do dravyoM meM se kisI eka dravya kI mukhyatA karake aura dUsare dravya kI gauNatA karake usakA kathana karatA hai / kabhI yaha dravya aura paryAya meM kimI kI mukhyatA aura kisI ko mauNatA karake kathana karatA hai / jaise-jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki 'AtmA meM sattva se yukta caitanya hai / ' yahA~ satva aura caitanya ye do guNarUpa paryAyeM haiM aura inakA pratipAdana AtmArUpa eka vastu meM huA hai parantu yahA~ caitanya 1. "jAvazyA vayaNapahA tAvazyA huti NamayAyA"

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nyAyaratnasAra : SaSTha adhyAya rUpa paryAya kI vivakSA mukhya rUpa se huI hai aura sattva ko gauNa rUpa se huI hai kyoMki sattva ko caitanya kA vizeSaNa banAyA gayA hai| isI taraha jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki paryAya vAlI vastu dravya hai-isa prakAra kA yaha kathana varatu aura dravya ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai / yahA~ ye do dharmIrUpa dravya mukhya aura gauNa karake kahe gaye haiM / isameM mukhya 'dravya' hai aura 'paryAyavAlI vastu' yaha gauNa haiN| kyoMki vaha dravya kA vizeSaNa banAI gaI hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki vipavAsakta jIva eka kSaNabhara taka mukhI rahatA hai to yahAM para vizeSya hone ke kAraNa jIva 'dravya pradhAna hai aura sukhAtmakatA usakI paryAya gauNa hai / ina pUrvokta udAharaNoM se hama yaha jAna sake haiM ki naigamamaya ne dravyAthikanaya kA bheda hone ke kAraNa dravya ko hI mukhya rUpa se viSaya kiyA hai // 8 // namamanayAbhAsa : sUtra---paryAyavayAviSakekAntato bhinnatvAbhiprAyastadAbhAsaH / / 6 / / dhyAkhyA-do guNarUpa paryAyoM meM, do dravyoM meM evaM dravya aura paryAyoM meM garvathA bhinnatA hI hai aisA jo abhiprAya hai vahI naigamanayAbhAsa hai / yaha no hama mamajhA hI cuke haiM ki Arhata siddhAnta meM myAdvAda ke sivAya ekAnnavAda ko sthAna nahIM hai anaH do paryAyAM meM, do dravyoM meM aura dravya paryAya meM kathaJcin- kisI apekSA hI bheda hai, sarva yA nhiiN| ataH inameM sarvathA bhada kI mAnyatA naMgamanayAbhAma hai / / 9 / / saMgrahanaya : sUtra-sarvatantra svatanya sattAmAtragrAhI saMgrahamayaH parApara bhedAcca dvividhaH / / 17 // vyAkhyA sarvatantra svatantra sattA mAtra ko viSaya karane vAlA jo naya hai usakA nAma saMgrahanaya hai| yaha saMgrahanaya para-saMgrahanaya aura apara-saMgrahanaya ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| sattva, dravyatva, sUvarNava Adi rUpa jo jAti hai vaha sarbatantra svatantra sattA hai / isa sattA ko hI jo pradhAna rUpa se grahaNa karane vAlA vaktA kA abhiprAya vizeSa hai vahIM saMgrahahnaya hai / saMgraha naya' kA viSaya sAmAnya hai aura yaha sAmAnya para aura apara ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / samasta padArthoM meM binA kisI bhedabhAva ke yugapat rahane vAlI jo sattA hai usakA nAma para-sattA hai| para sattA kI apekSA jimakA AdhAra kSetra kAma hotA hai vaha apara-sattA hai / jaise ---sattva yaha mahAsattA hai, kyoMki yaha eka mAtha jIva gudgalAdika mamasta padArthoM meM rahatI hai / isI prakAra se dravyatva bhI mahAsattA hai kyoMki yaha bhI jIvAdika samastu dravyoM meM yugapat rahatI hai / suvarNatva yaha apara sattA hai kyoMki isakA AdhAra kSetra kevala svarNarUpa vyakti hI hai jIvAdika dravya nahIM / saMgrahanaya mukhya rUpa se imI para-sattA aura apara-sattA ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai // 10|| para-saMgrahanaya : sUtra-sakalapadArthasArtha vyApisattAdhIno'bhiprAyavizeSaH parasaMgrahaH / / 11 // vyAkhyA samasta padArtha samuha meM mugapat vyApta hokara rahane vAlI jo sattA hai vaha para-sattA hai / yahI para-sattA samasta padArthoM ko apane dvArA ekAtva meM praviSTa karAtI hai kyoMki vizva kA aisA koI bhI padArtha nahIM hai jo sattA se rahita ho / isakA dUsarA nAma para-sAmAnya bhI hai / / 11 / /

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62 nyAyaratnasAra: pATha adhyAya para saMgrahAbhAsa : sUtra-tadviparItAbhiprAyastadAbhAsaH / / 12 / / dhyAkhyA-para-saMgrahanaya ke abhiprAya se viparIta jo abhiprAya hai vaha para-saMgrahanaya kA AbhAsa hai| isa para-saMmaDnayAbhAsa meM vedAntavAdI Adi advaitavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA AtI hai / kyoMki inakI mAnyatAnusAra guNa-paryAyarUpa koI vizeSa padArtha nahIM haiM / para-saMgrahanaya bhI inakA pratipAdana nahIM karatA hai parantu phira bhI vaha unakA khaNuna bhI nahIM karatA hai sirpha vaha apane hI viSaya kA kathana karatA hai / isa taraha samasta advaitavAdiyoM kI mAnyatAe~ isa para-saMgrahanayAbhAsa meM parigaNita huI haiM // 12 // apara-saMgrahanaya : sUtra-dravyatvAdyavAntara sAmAnya-viSayakaH sthavyaktidhUdAsIno'bhiprAyaH, aparasaMgrahaH // 13 // vyAlyA-dravyatva, paryAyatva Adi rUpa apara-sAmAnyoM ko biSaya karane vAlA aura una aparasAmAnyoM ke AdhArabhUta vyaktiyoM meM udAsInabhAva rakhane vAlA naya apara-saMgrahanaya hai| dharmAstikAyAdika jo dravya ke bheda haiM unameM isa naya kA aisA abhiprAya rahatA hai ki dravyatva-sAmAnya kI apekSA ye dharmAstikAyAdika dravya eka haiN| isa taraha para-saMgrahanaya kA kSetra vistRta hai aura apara-saMgrahanaya kA kSetra saMkucita hai, para-saMgrahanaya eka rUpa hI hotA hai aura apara-saMgrahanaya bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM kI apekSA aneka bheda vAlA hotA hai / / 13 // apara-saMgrahAbhAsa : sUtra-vizeSApalApI dradhvatvAvi sAmAnyamAtramanyAno'bhiprAyastayAmAsaH / / 14 / / dhyAkhyA-apara-saMgrahanaya kA jaisA svarUpa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ThIka usa se viparIta svarUpavAlA abhiprAya apara-saMgrahanayAbhAsa hai / apara-saMgrahalaya ke dvArA usake vizeSoM kA saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai, unakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA taba ki apara-saMgrahAbhAsa ke dvArA apara-sAmAnya ke AdhArabhUta vyaktiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / / 14 / / vyavahAranaya : sUtra-saMgraheNa saMkalita sAmAnyabheda-prabhedavidhAya vyabahAra-prathamAvatArako'bhiprAyavizeSo vyavahAraH // 15 // vyAkhyA-para-saMgrahanaya aura apara-saMgrahanaya ke dvArA viSaya kiye gaye parasAmAnya evaM aparasAmAnya ke bheda-prabheda karake jo use vyavahAra ke yogya banAtA hai aisA abhiprAyavizeSa hI saMgrahahnaya hai / yaha vyavahAranaya saMgraha ke viSayabhUta sAmAnya ko vyavahAra mArga meM isa abhiprAya se utaratA hai ki sAmAnya se loka vyavahAra nahIM calatA hai / loka vyavahAra to vizeSa se hI calatA hai / nIlI-pIlI Adi jo vyakti vizeSa hI dohana kriyA meM upayukta hotA hai gotva nahIM / ataH saMgrahanaya kA jo viSaya jo sAmAnya hai vaha dravya rUpa hai yA paryAyarUpa hai| yadi dravyarUpa hai to vaha jIva dravyarUpa hai yA ajIva dravyarUpa hai / yadi jIvadravya rUpa hai to vaha saMsArI jIva rUpa hai yA muktajIva dravyarUpa hai ityAdi rUpa se yaha naya vahA~ taka bheda-prabheda karatA hai ki phira jisake Age aura bheda kalpanA nahIM hotI hai // 15 //

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gyAyaratnasAra : SaSTha adhyAya / 63 vyavahArAmAsa : sUtra-kAlpanika tavya-paryA vibhAgAbhiprAyastavAbhAsaH // 16 // vyAkhyA--dravya aura paryAya kA vibhAga satya hai, kAlpanika nahIM hai aisA abhiprAya vyavahAra naya kA hai / isake viparIta jo abhiprAya hai vaha vyavahArAbhAsa hai| isa vyavahArAbhAsa meM cArvAka darzana parigaNita huA hai kyoMki vaha aisA mAnatA hai ki dvicandradarzana kI taraha yaha saba suvarNAdi dravya aura usakI kuNDalAdi rUpa paryAyeM pAramArthika nahIM hai| kevala kAlpanika hI hai // 16|| paryAyAthikanaya ke bheda : sUtra---paryAyAthikanayazcatuvidhaH RjusUtra-zabda-samabhirUDhavaMbhUta mevAt // 17 // vyAkhyA-paryAyAthikanaya cAra prakAra kA hai. RjusUtranaya, zabdanaya, samabhirUDhanaya aura evaMbhUtanaya paryAyAthikanaya kevala paryAya ko hI viSaya karatA hai| paryAya jisake Azrita rahatI hai aise dravya ko vaha viSaya nahIM karatA kintu use gauNa kara detA hai / jo utpanna hotA hai aura vinaSTa hotA hai 'usakA nAma paryAya hai / isa paryAya ko lekara calane vAlI vicAradhArA kA nAma paryAyAthikanaya hai / / RjusUtranaya : sUtra-vartamAna samayamAtra paryAyagrAhI naya RjusUtraH / / 18 / / vyAkhyA--padArtha kI vartamAna samaya kI hI paryAya ko jo abhiprAyavizeSa grahaNa karatA hai usakA nAma RjusUtranaya hai / R jusutranaya ko paryAyAthikanaya kA bheda isIliye kahA gayA hai ki vaha paryAya ko vartamAna kAla meM ho rahI paryAya ko hI viSaya karatA hai, na vaha bhUta paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai aura na bhaviSyata meM hone vAlI paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai / isakI dRSTi meM vinaSTa ho jAne se bhata paryAya aura Age hone vAlI hone se bhaviSyata paryAya kA astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isI kAraNa vaha unheM apanA viSaya nahIM banAtA hai // 18 // jusUtra nayAbhAsa sUtra-dravyApalApI tu sadAbhAsaH / / 16 // vyAkhyA-ekAnta se dravya kA niSedhaka jo abhiprAya hai vaha RjusUtranayAbhAsa hai| isa RjusUtranayAbhAsa meM bauddhoM kI vicAradhArA parigaNita huI hai / kyoMki ve ekasamayamAtrabhAvI paryAya ko hI svIkAra karate haiM / usa paryAya kA AdhArabhUta jo dravya hai usakA ve apalApa karate haiN| RjusUtranaya dravya ko gauNa karake paryAya ko pradhAna karatA hai| vaha dravya kA apalApa nahIM karatA hai| parantu RjusUtranayAbhAsa isase sarvathA viparIta bRtti vAlA hai / / 19 / / prAbdamaya: sUtra-kAlAvibhedena vAcyArya avazo'bhiprAyaH zavanayaH // 20 // dhyAkhyA-kAla Adi ke bheda se zabda ke artha meM bheda mAnane vAlA jo abhiprAya hai vaha zabdanaya hai / yaha zabdAnaya, samabhirUnunaya aura evaM bhUtanaya ye tIna naya zabdoM ke anusAra unake vAcya artha meM bheda mAnate haiM isaliye inheM zabdamaya kahA gayA hai| zabdanaya kriyA ke bheda se, liMga ke bheda se, kAraka ke

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64 | nyAyaratnasAra : SaSTha adhyAya bheda se, saMsyA ke bheda se, puruSa ke bheda se evaM upasarga Adi ke bheda se zabda ke artha meM apanA abhiprAya isa prakAra se prakaTa karatA hai ki jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki-"sa bhavati, sa abhUt, sa bhaviSyati" to yahA~ para kriyA kI bhinnatA se "saH--baha" isa artha meM bhI bhinnatA hai / isI prakAra "sa ghaTaMkaroti, tena ghaTaH kriyate" to yahAM dvitIyAnta ghaTa aura prathamAnta ghaTa meM bhinnatA kAraka kI bhinnatA ko lekara mAnatA hai / isI prakAra jaba koI "taTaH taTI, taTam" ina zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai to zabdana ya inake artha meM ekatA isaliye nahIM mAnatA hai ki inameM pulliga Adi kI hI bhinnatA hai / isI taraha strIvAcaka "kalatraM dArAH" ityAdi padoM meM bhI ekavacana bahuvacana kI apekSA bhinnatA samajha lenI cAhiye / bAtacIta ke prasaGga meM jaba hama kisI ko Apa aura tuma kahate haiM to zabdanaya yahA~ para puruSa prathamAdi puruSoM ke bheda se Apa aura tuma zabda kA artha alaga-alaga mAnatA hai / isI prakAra "pratiSThate upatiSThate" Adi kriyApadoM ke artha meM zabdamaya upasarga kI bhinnatA se artha meM bhinnatA mAnatA hai / / 20 / / zabda nayAbhAma: mUtra---kAlAdibhevena zamdasyabhinnArthatvameva matvAno'bhiprAya vizeSastadAbhAsaH // 21 // kSyAkhyA-kAla Adi ke bheda se zabda ke artha meM evAntataH sarvathA bhinnatA hI hai isa prakAra kI mAnyatA vAlA jo abhiprAyabizeSa hai, vaha isa zabdanaya kA AbhAsa hai| zandanaya yadyapi kAla Adi ke bheda se unake zabda ke artha meM bhinnatA kA samarthana karatA hai parantu vaha kisI apekSA isake artha meM rahI huI abhinnatA kA tiraskAra nahIM karatA hai / pratyuta usa ora apanI dRSTi ko madhyastha rakhatA hai| para zabdanayAbhAsa ekAntataH para kI mAnyatA kA khAuna karatA huA apanI mAnyatA kA maNDana karatA hai / / 21 / / samabhirUDhanaya : sUtra-paryAyavAcizandAnA bhinnArthatvamabhimanyamAno'bhitrAyaH samabhidaH // 22 // vyAkhyA-paryAyavAcaka zabdoM meM nirukti ke bheda se bhinnArthatA mAnane vAlA abhiprAyavizeSa samabhirUTanaya hai / zabdanaya yadyapi kAla Adi ke bheda se zabda ke artha meM bheda svAkrAra karatA hai to isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki jahA~ kAla Adi kA bheda nahIM hotA hai vahA~ vaha unake artha meM ekatva bhI svIkAra karatA hai / parantu isa samabhirUDhanaya kA abhiprAya zabdanaya se bhI Age bar3ha jAtA hai / yaha to kahatA hai ki cAhe samAna liGgAdi vAle bhI paryAyavAcI zabda kyoM na hoM unakA bhI artha bhinna-bhinna hI hai, paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM vyutpattibheda ke binA arthabheda nahIM ho sakatA ataH sUtra meM vyutpattibheda aisA pada gatArtha hone se sUtrakAra ne use nahIM likhA hai| zandanaya kI dRSTi meM paryAyavAcI indra, zakra aura purandara ina zabdoM meM arthabheda nahIM hai / samabhirUDanaya kI mAnyatA ke anusAra inameM bheda haiM / isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki na to eka zabda ke aneka artha haiM aura na aneka zabdoM kA eka artha hai / / 22 // samabhiruvanayAbhAsa : sUtra--paryAyavAciSu bhinnArthatvameva samarthayamAnastadAbhAsaH // 23 // vyAyA---paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhinnArthatA hI hai, isa prakAra kI ekAnta hatagrAhitA vAlA bo

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nyAyaratnasAra: SaSTha adhyAya abhiprAya hai vaha samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa hai / samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa kA yahI mata hai ki jisa prakAra ghaTa, paTa, maTha, kaTa Adi zabda bhinna-bhinna artha ke vAcaka hote haiM kyoMki ve bhinna-bhinna zabda haiM, usI prakAra indra, zakra, purandara Adi zabda bhI bhinna-bhinna prAbda hone ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna artha ke hI vAcaka haiN| isa taraha yaha abheda kA nidhaka hotA hai| sAbhinava AnA mantavya puSTa karatA huA bhI abheda kA niSedhaka nahIM hotA hai // 23 // evaMbhutanaya :-- sUtra-evaMbhUtamayaM svavAcyasvena kakSIkurvANo vicAro hovaMbhUtaH // 24 // vyAkhyA-zabda kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUta kriyA se sahita huA aimA artha "evaMbhUta" isa zabda kA hai / tathA ca--jo vAcyArtha usa pAbda kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUta kriyA se sahita ho rahA hai to aisA vAcyArtha-padArtha- hI usa zabda kA artha hotA hai. aisI mAnyatA vAlA evaMbhUnanaya hai| evaMbhUtanaya vaha dRSTikoNa hai jisake anusAra pratyeka zabda bhinyAzabda hI hai| pratyeka zabda se kisI na kimI kriyA kA artha prakaTa hotA hai / aisI avasthA meM jisa zabda se jisa kriyA kA bhAva prakaTa hotA ho usa trinyA se yukta padArtha ko usI samaya usa zabda se kahA jA sakatA hai, anya samaya meM usa kriyA kI avidyamAnatA meM nhiiN| indra jaba indanarUpa-aizvarya mogarUpa kriyA kA bhoktA ho rahA hai tabhI vaha / vaha indra zabda kA vAcya ho sakatA hai| usa samaya vaha purandara pada kA vAcya nahIM ho sakatA hai| purandara pada kA vAcya to vaha jaba zatru nagara ke vidhvaMsa karane rUpa kriyA meM nirata ho rahA ho tabhI ho sakatA hai| aisI mAnyatA isa evaMbhUtanaya kI hai / // 24 // evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa : sUtra--anaivabhUtaM vastusacchabda vAcyatayA nirAkurvastusadAbhAsaH // 25 // vyAkhyA-zabda kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUta kriyA se rahita uma padArtha ko usa zabda kA vAcya mAnane kA sarvathA niSedha karane vAlA jo abhiprAya hai, vaha evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa hai| evaMbhUtanaya amuka kriyA se yukta padArtha ko hI usa kriyAvAcaka zabda se kahatA hai kintu apane se bhinna dRSTikoNa kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai / parantu yaha evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa usa kriyA se apariNata padArtha ko usa zabda kA vAcya nahIM mAnatA hai / yadi indra indana kriyA se apariNata hai aura phira bhI yadi vaha indra zabda ke dvArA vAcya hotA hai to indana kriyA se apariNata aura bhI prANI indra zabda dvArA vAcya honA cAhiye / unheM bhI indra kahanA anucita nahIM honA cAhiye parantu aisA nahIM hotA hai / ataH isa prakAra kI avyavasthA ko dUra karane ke liye yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki jo artha usa zabda kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUta kriyA se pariNata nahIM ho rahA hai use usa zabda kA yAcyartha nahIM mAnanA caahiye| // 2 / / arthanaya aura zabdanaya kA vibhAga : sUtra-eNyAdyAzyatvAro'rthanayAzcara metrayazva zabdanayAH // 26 // vyAkhyA-ina naigamAdi sAta nayoM meM jo Adi ke naMgama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura hajusUtra ye cAra naya haiM ve arthanaya haiM kyoMki ye sIdhe rUpa meM apane-apane artha kA, apane-apane viSayabhUta padArtha kA, pranirAdana karale haiN| inameM zabda ke liMga Adi ke badala jAne para bhI artha meM koI antara nahIM AtA hai isaliye inheM

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66 // nyAyaramasAra: baTha adhyAya arthanaya kahA gayA hai / tathA zArada, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ye tIna naya zabda ke Azrita hokara apane-apane viSayabhUta padArtha kA pratipAdana karate haiM, inameM zabdoM ke liMga Adi badala jAne para artha badala jAtA hai| isaliye ye sabadanaya kahe gaye haiM // 26 / / nayoM ke viSaya meM alpabahutva : sUtra--pazcAnupathya tebahuviSayAH pUrvAnupA cAlpaviSayAH // 27 // vyAkhyA-sAta nayoM meM pahale pahale ke naya adhika viSaya vAle haiM aura pichale-pichale maya kama viSaya bAle haiN| evaMbhUtanaya kI apekSA samabhirUThanaya adhika viSaya vAlA hai, samabhirUDhanaya kI apekSA zabdamaya adhika viSayavAlA hai, zabdanaya kI apekSA RjusUtranaya adhika viSayavAlA hai, RjusUtranaya kI apekSA vyavahAranaya adhika viSayavAlA hai, vyavahAranaya kI apekSA saMgrahanaya adhika viSayavAlA hai aura saMgrahanaya kI apekSA naigamanaya adhika viSayavAlA hai| yahI pazcAnupUrvI zabda dvArA yahA~ prakaTa kiyA gayA hai tathA jaba pUrvAnupUrvI dvArA inake viSaya kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai taba naigamanaya saba se adhika viSayavAlA hai / naigamanaya kI apekSA saMgrahanaya kama viSayavAlA hai / saMgrahanaya kI apekSA vyavahAranaya kama viSayavAlA hai| vyavahAranaya kA apekSA RjusUtranaya kama viSayavAlA hai| RjusUtranaya kI apekSA zabdanaya kama viSayavAlA hai / zabdanaya kI apekSA samabhirUDhanaya kama viSayavAlA hai aura samabhirUDhanaya kI apekSA evaM bhUtanaya kama viSayavAlA hai saraha le ga yA bigAra nibhA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM hameM yoM samajhanA cAhiye ki pazcAnupUrvI kI apekSA saba se kama biSayanAlA evaMbhUtanaya hai aura sabase adhika viSayavAlA naigamanaya hai / pUrvAnupUrvI kI apekSA sabase adhika viSayavAlA naigamanaya hai aura sabase kama viSayavAlA evaMbhUtanaya hai| naigamanaya bhAva aura abhAva ina donoM ko viSaya karatA hai / saMgrahanaya kevala bhAva ko hI viSaya karatA hai / vyavahAranaya sattAviziSTa padArthoM kA vidhipUrvaka bheda-prabheda karatA huA unheM viSaya karatA hai / RjusUtranaya kevala vartamAna kSaNa meM jo paryAya ho rahI hai use viSaya karatA hai| zabdanaya kAlAdi ke bheda ko lekara padArtha meM bheda mAnatA hai| samabhirUDhanaya paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhI bhinnArthatA mAnatA hai tathA evaMbhUtanaya kriyAyukta padArtha ko hI apanA vAcya mAnatA hai| isa viSaya ko aura adhika spaSTa jAnane ke liye nyAyaratnavalI TIkA ke anuvAda ko dekhanA cAhiye / / 27 / / nayasaptabhaMgI : satra-vidhiniSedhAbhyAM nayavAkyamapi saptabhaMgAtmakam // 28 // vyAkhyA-nayavAkya bhI apane viSaya meM pravRtti karatA huA vidhi aura niSedha kI vivakSA ko lekara sAta bhaMgoMvAlA ho jAtA hai / sUtrastha api zabda yahI prakaTa karatA hai ki yaha nayavAkya bhI apane viSaya meM vidhi aura niSedha ko Azrita karake pramANavAkya kI taraha hI saptabhaMgI ko prApta hotA hai| nayavAkya vikalAdeza hotA hai arthAt anantadharmaviziSTa vastu meM se kisI eka dharma ko mukhya karake aura zeSa dhau ko gauNa karake usa dharma dvArA usa vastu kA kathaka hotA hai / isa pratipAdana meM jisa dharma ko vaha kisI vivakSAvaza pradhAna karatA hai usI dharma ko vaha kisI dUsarI vivakSAvaza apradhAna bhI kara detA hai| isI kA nAma usa dharma kA vidhi-niSedha karanA hai / eka dharma ke kathana karane meM sAta prakAra ke udbhUta

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nyAyaratnasAra : SaSTha adhyAya saMzayoM kI vinivRttirUpa uttara sAta prakAra ke hI hote hai aura ina sAta prakAra ke uttaroM kA nAma hI saptabhaMga hai / "syAt" pada kA prayoga naya saptabhaMgI meM bhI hotA hai / / 28 // naya kA phala : sUtra-nayasya phalamapittasmAtkathaMcibhitamabhinna kheti // 26 // vyAkhyA-nA kA bhI taratugA gA parva vigata sajAna kI nivRtti rUpa sAkSAt phala aura usa sambandha meM jAyamAna-hAna-upAdAna evaM upekSA buddhirUpa paramparA phala bhI naya se kisI apekSA bhinna hai aura kisI apekSA abhinna hai, aisI vyavasthA karanA cAhiye / isa sambandha meM jaisA kathana pramANa phala ke prakaraNa meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai vaisA hI vaha kathana naya phala ke sambandha meM bhI samajha lenA cAhiye / / 26 / / pramAtA kA svarUpa : sUtra-pratyakSAdi pramANasiddhapramAtara caitanyasvarUpojJAnAdi pariNAmI kA bhoktA gRhItazarIraparimANaH pratizarIrabhinnaH paudgalikAvRSTavAn kathaMcinnitya AtmA // 30 // vyAkhyA---pramANa ke dvArA vastu ko jAnane vAlA jo AtmA hai usI kA nAma pramAtA hai| yaha pramAtA pratyakSAdi pramANoM se siddha hai, caitanyasvarUpa vAlA hai. jJAnAdirUpa pariNAma se yukta hai, dravyakarma evaM bhAbakarmoM kA kartA hai, unake phala kA bhoktA hai / prApta hue zarIra ke barAbara hai| hara eka zarIra meM bhinnabhinna hai, paudgalika jJAnAvaraNAdirUpa aSTabAlA hai aura kathaMcit nitya hai| ina vizeSaNoM ko sArthakatA isakI bar3I TIkA nyAyaratnAvalI se jAna lenI cAhiye / / 30 / / mukti kA svarUpa :-- sUtra-gRhIpuruSastrInapusakazarIrasyAtmanaH samyagjJAnakriyAbhyAM kRtsnakarmasayo mAkSaH // 31 / / vyAkhyA-puruSa ke zarIra yA strI ke zarIra yA napuMsaka ke zarIra meM vartamAna usa jIva kI jo samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke dvArA samasta zubhAzubharUpa karmoM kA atyanta kSaya ho jAnA hai vahI mukti hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa carcA nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA se jAna sakate haiM / samyagjJAna ke kahane se usake sahacara samyagdarzana kA aura samyakriyA ke kahane se usake sahacara samyaktapa kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| yaha satra strI makti ko nahIM mAnane vAle digambaroM ko samajhAne ke liye evaM akele jJAna se yA akelI kriyA se mukti mAnane vAloM kI haThayAhitA ko dUra karane ke liye kahA gayA hai // 31 // vAda-kathA ke bheda : sUtra-zasvanirNayecchuvijigISu kathAbhedAt kathA dvividhA // 32 // vyAlyA-kathA do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai-eka tattvanirNayecchu kI kathA aura dUsarI vijigISu kI kathA / inameM jaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanA se vihIna guru-ziSyoM meM, sahapAThiyoM meM tathA anya tatva jijJAsujanoM meM jo tattva nirNayArtha carcA kI jAtI hai, vaha vItarAga kathA kahalAtI hai-isa kathA meM jaya-parAjaya ke Upara bilakula lakSya nahIM diyA jAtA hai kintu tattva nirNaya para hI lakSya rahatA hai| kaI logoM ne vItarAga kathA ko vAda kahA hai aura vijigISu kathA ko jalpa aura vitaNDA / vijigISa kathA meM tattvanirNaya to gauNa rahatA hai, kevala jaya-parAjaya kA vicAra mukhya rahatA hai / yadyapi jalpa aura vitaNDA meM

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68 | nyAyaratnasAra : SaSTha adhyAya bhI yahI vicAra rahatA hai| parantu ina donoM meM paraspara meM kucha antara bhI hai| jalpa meM to vAdIprativAdI donoM kA koI pakSa rahatA hai jise siddha karane kI ye ceSTA karate haiM kintu vitaNDA meM sirpha vAdI kA hI pakSa rahatA hai / prativAdI apanA koI pakSa nahIM rakhatA vaha to vAdI jo kucha kahatA hai usI kA khaNDana karatA hai // 32 // tattvanirNayecchukathA : '-- sUtra - tatvanirNayArtha kriyamANo jayaparAjayavihIno vicArastasvanirNayecchukayA / / 33 / / vyAkhyAtattva nirNaya ke liye jaya-parAjayavihIna kiyA gayA jo vicAra hai vaha tattvanirNayekathA hai jo siddhAntokta tattvoM ko acchI taraha se samajhane ke liye tathA para ko samajhAne ke liye abhilASI hotA hai usakA nAma tatvanirNayecchu yA tattvabubhutsu hai / ziSya ko jaba kisI viSaya meM sandeha utpanna ho jAtA hai taba vaha usa sandeha kI nivRtti ke liye gurvAdijanoM se pUchatA hai, unake sAtha vicAravinimaya karatA hai, so usameM pakSa- pratipakSa kA yA jaya-parAjaya kA vicAra nahIM hotA, samajhane kA yA samajhAne kA hI rAga-dveSazUnya eka bhAva rahatA hai| isI kAraNa ina kathA ke karane vAloM ko bAdI prativAdI nahIM kahA gayA hai kintu vItarAgI tattvanirNayecchu kahA gayA hai / / 33 // vijigISu kathA :-- sUtra -- svAbhimata dharmadhyavasthApanArtha svapara - pakSasAdhana-dUSaNAbhyAM para-parAjayecchukathA vijigoSu kathA || 34 // vyAkhyA- apane dvArA svIkAra kiye dharma kI siddhi karane ke liye svapakSa ke sAdhana evaM parapakSa ke dUSaNa dvArA prativAdI ko jItane kI abhilASA rakhane vAlA vijigISu hotA hai / isa vijigISu ke dvArA kiyA gayA jo zAstrArthaM hai usI kA nAma vijigISu kathA hai / sUtrastha dvivacana ke prayoga se yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kevala svapakSa kI siddhi kara lene mAtra se vAdI ko vijaya kA lAbha nahIM hotA hai kintu svapakSa kI siddhi aura parapakSa kA nirAkaraNa karanA - ina donoM ke karane se hI vijayazrI kA lAbha hotA hai ataH vAdI ko donoM hI karanA cAhiye || 34 // sUtra - tattvanirNayeSTha dvividhaH svAtmani parAtmani ca / / 35 / / vyAkhyA -- tattvanirNayAbhilASI do prakAra kA parAtmatattvanirNayecchu | jo siddhAnta pratipAdita tattva ko nirNayecchu hai aura jo parAtmA meM tatva ke nirNaya ho nirNayecchu hai / / 35 / / hotA hai-- eka svAtmatattva nirNayecchu dUsarA samajhane kA abhilASI hotA hai vaha svAtmatattva jAne kA abhilASI hotA hai vaha parAtmatattva 1. haribhadrasUri ne vitaNDA ko zuSkavAda, jalpa ko vivAda aura bAda ko dharmabAda kahA hai| hemacandrasUri ne vitaNDA ko kathA hI nahIM mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki jisakA koI pakSa nahIM usakI bAta hI nahIM sunanI cAhiye / pratipakSasthApanAhInAyAM vitaNDAyAH kathAtvAyogAt vaitaSTiko hi svapakSamabhyupagamyA sthApayan yatkiJcidavAdena parapakSameNa dUSayan kathamavadheyavacanaH / pramANamImAMsAyAm //

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nyAyaratnasAra: SaSTha adhyAya |69 sUtra-prathamaH ziSyAdidvitIyaH kSAyopazAmika kSAyika jJAnavAn gurvAdiH // 36 // dhyAkhyA--jo svAtma meM tattva nirNaya hone kA abhilASI hotA hai vaha ziSyAdi rUpa hotA hai aura jo parAtmA meM tattva nirNaya hone kA abhilASI hotA hai vaha guru Adi rUpa hotA hai / yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai--eka kSAyopazamika jJAnazAlI guru aura dUsarA kSAyika jJAnazAlI muru aadi| yaha prathama Adi zabda se ziSya ke sahAdhyAyI suhRdvarga kA aura dvitIya Adi pada se AcArya, upAdhyAya, gaNI evaM tIrthakara Adi kA grahaNa huA hai / svAtmA meM tattvanirNayeccha ke bheda nahIM hote haiM // 36 // vijigISukathAMga : sUtra-vijigISu phayAkhyo vAdo vAdi-prativAdi-sabhya-sabhApati paturaMgopeto'paraH kadAcitrivyajhopetazca // 37 // nyAyaratnAbhidho graMtharaca samAptaH / / vyAkhyA-vijigISukathArUpa vAda ke vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya aura sabhApati aise cAra aMga hote haiN| tathA vItarAgakathArUpa vAda kadAcit do aMgoMvAlA aura kadAcit tIna aMgoMvAlA hotA hai / jaba jaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanA se prerita hue donoM kA-bAdI prativAdI kA paraspara meM zAstrArtha hotA haiapane-apane svIkRta dharma kI sthApanA ke nimitti, taba usameM cAroM hI sabhya sabhApati Adi rUpa aMgoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| eka bhI aMga kI hInatA meM jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA sughaTita nahIM ho sakatI hai| tathA vItarAgakathArUpa jo bAda hotA hai vaha tattvanirNaya kI abhilASA se hotA hai| usameM jaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanA nahIM hotI hai ataH mukhya rUpa se use vAda nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM aMgoM kI vyavasthA ke nimitta jo kahA gayA hai-vaha isakI nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA se jAna lenA cAhiye / / 37 / / ||chtthvaaN adhyAya samApta / / // nyAyaratnasAra grantha samApta / /

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prathama adhyAya / / maMgalAcaraNa // vartamAna jinaM natvA gautama gaNanAyakam / bAlAnAM tattvabodhAya nyAyaratnaM viracyate / / 1 / / saMskRta TokA-nikhila tArkika ziromaNi parama kAruNika guruprasAdaprApta nyAyatasvavivekaH munizrI ghAsIlAlaH svopajJaprAripsita nyAyaratnanAmaka granthasya pratyUha vyUhavidhvaMsapUrvaka samAptyartha mahAvIradevAdernamaskArAtmaka maGgalaM ziSyaparamparANAM zikSArtha granthAdau nibadhnAti--" vamAnaM jinaM. natvA gautamamityAdi" barddhamAna mahAvIram, jinaM-jayatIti jinaH-rAgadveSAdirUpAntaH zatrujayanazIlaH, taM jina-jinendra tIrthakaraM natvA-namaskatya. evaM gaNanAyaka-gaNasya-cavidhamanisaMghasya nAyaka -netAraM gautamAbhidha gaNadharaM mani ca natvA. bAlAnAma-adhIta kAvyakozAdi granthAnAm anadhIta nyAyazAstrANAM ladhoyasAM vineyAnAM nyAyapadArthajJAnalAbhAya nyAyaratnam-nyAyazAstra pratipAdya pramANa prameyAdi padArtha svarUpaprakAzaka nyAyaratnanAmaka nyAyazAstraM viracyate-mayA ghAsilAlena nirmIyate muninetizeSaH, nyAyapadArthasvarUpa prakAzakatvAdevAtra ratnatvamabhihitaM bodhyam / avaya-varddhamAnaM jinaM gaNanAyakaM gautamaM natvA bAlAnAM tattvabodhAya nyAya ratnaM viracyate / artha:-zrIvarddhamAna jinendra ko evaM gaNadharoM ke nAyaka mukhya gaNadhara gautamasdAmI ko, manavacana evaM kAya kI ekAgratApUrvaka namaskAra karake nyAyazAstra se anabhijJa ziSya janoM ko nyAyazAstra pratipAdita pramANa-prameya Adi padArthoM ke vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna karAne ke liye mujha muni ghAsIlAla ke dvArA yaha nyAyaratna nAma kA grantha racA jAtA hai| hindI vyAkhyAH-granthakAra munirAja zrI ghAsIlAlajI ne isa navIna nyAyaratna grantha ke banAne kA kyA prayojana hai ? yaha apanA vizuddha abhiprAya isa zloka ke dvArA prakaTa kiyA hai| isameM sarvaprathama unhoMne yaha kahA hai maiMne jo yaha navIna grantha banAyA hai vaha merI sarva svAdhIna kRti nahIM hai kyoMki maiMne apane tArkika ziromaNi parama dayAlu gurudeva ke mukhAravinda se tarkazAstra kA jo bodha prApta kiyA hai vahI unakI parama asAdhAraNa bhakti ke anugraha se isa rUpa meM pariNamita huA hai| yahI bAta "nikhila tAkika ziromaNi" Adi pada dvArA unhoMne vyakta kI hai / ataH yaha sarvazreya gurudeva kA hI hai| Astika janoM kI aisI hI paramparA calI A rahI hai ki ve jaba kabhI bhI navona anya kA nirmANa karate haiM to sabase pahale ve apane iSTa devatA ko vAcanika namaskAra karate haiM / isa vAcanika namaskAra karane kA nAma hI maGgalAcaraNa hai "ma-bhavasambagdhina baMdhanaM, tamibandhanaM kurabA gAlapati = mAsayatIti, (1) nyA TI01

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2" nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, maMgalAcaraNa padAmaMgyate-prApyate svargo mokSoSA'neneti maGga-dharmaH, lAti-gRhaNAtIpti maGgalam" isa vyutpatti ke anusAra prAripsita grantha ke Adi meM kiyA gayA iSTa devatA kA namaskArarUpa maGgalAcaraNa grantha nirmANa kAla meM Agata samasta vidhnoM kA nivArava evaM granthasamAptijanya sukha kA pradAtA hotA hai| yahI bAta manthakAra ne "svopajJa prAripsita nyAyarala nAmaka" Adi samAsAnta pada dvArA "samAptyartha " pada taka spaSTa kI hai / prazna-maGgalAcaraNa mana se aura kAya se nahIM kiyA jAtA hai kyA ? uttara-kiyA jAtA hai| prazna-to phira sabase uttama to yahI thA ki ve use hI yahA~ para kara lete / isa vAcanika maGgalAcaraNa karane ke prayAsa se kyA lAbha ? uttara-yadyapi maMgalAcaraNa mana, bacana aura kAya ina tInoM se bhI kiyA jAtA hai| parantu yahA~ para jo granthakAra ne aisA vAcanika maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai vaha ziSyajanoM ko zikSA dene ke liye hI kiyA hai| ziSyajana jaba bhI navIna grantha kA nirmANa kareM to ve avazya hI isa prakAra ke maMgalAcaraNapUrvaka hI usakA nirmANa kreN| prazna-kyA mana se yA kAya se kiye gaye maMgalAcaraNa se prAripsita mantha kI samApti aura vighnoM kA vidhAta nahIM hotA hai ? usara hotA hai| prazna---to phira unhoMne aisA kyoM nahIM kiyA ? uttara--kauna kahatA hai ki unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA, avazya hI kiyA hai| prazna- to phira yaha piSTapeSaNarUpa vAcanika maGgalAcaraNa kyoM kiyA gayA? uttara-ziSya paramparA ko zikSA dene ke liye hI kiyA gayA hai| prazna-manaHkRta maGgalAcaraNa se aura kAyakRta maGgalAcaraNa se kyA ziSyajanoM ko aisI zikSA nahIM mila sakatI hai ? uttara- hA~, nahIM mila sakatI hai / kyoMki aisA vaha kiyA gayA maMgalAcaraNa unake parokSa meM hotA hai / ataH pratyakSa rUpa se ziSya paramparA ko maMgalAcaraNa karane kI zikSA milatI rahe isake lie graMthakAra ne yahA~ "vaImAnaM jina matvA" ityAdi rUpa se vAcanika maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai| yahI bAta "mahAvIra devAH samaskArAtmakaM maGgala ziSya paramparANAM zikSArtham" Adi padoM dvArA spaSTa kI gaI hai| antima tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIra kA hI dUsarA nAma varddhamAna hai / inhoMne AtmA kI vibhAva pariNatirUpa rAga-dvaSAdi jaise prabala yoddhAoM ko Antarika senA para vijaya prApta kI hai| ataH inheM jina kahA gayA hai| "japati rAgAvIn zatrUn aso jinaH / ye sAmAnya kevalI nahIM the kintu viziSTa kevalI the| isI kAraNa inhoMne kevalajJAna jaise tribhuvanabhAsaka jJAna ko prApta kara yugapat carAcara samastazayoM ko aura unakI trikAlavartI ananta paryAyoM ko hastAmalakavat sAkSAt apane zAtA draSTA svabhAva meM sthita rahate hue jAnakara aura dekhakara bhavya janatA ko dharmadezanA dI hai| tathA varddhamAna prabhu kI isa dharmadezanA ko yathAkSayopazama hRdaya meM dhAraNa kara gautamAdi gaNadharoM ne usakA prasAra aura pracAra kiyA hai| ataH caturvidhasavarUpa tIrtha ke kartA kI apekSA zrI varddhamAna svAmI ko aura Adyaguru kI apekSA gautama gaNavara ko yahA~ namaskAra kiyA gayA hai|

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zyAmaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI dIkA : prathama adhyAya, maMgalAcaraNa isa grantha kA adhyayana unake hI liye lAbhaprada hogA jo vyAkaraNAdi granthoM ke adhyayana se parikamita buddhi vAle hote hue bhI nyAyazAstra ke tAttvika jJAna se vihIna haiN| aise jana ho yahA~ bAla zabda se gRhIta hue haiN| ve isake adhyayana se "pramANa kA kyA svarUpa hai. prameya kise kahate haiM, yaha kitane prakAra kA hotA hai' ityAdi nyAyazAstra pratipAdita tattvoM kA yathArtha svarUpa jAna sakeMge / ataH jo nyAyazAstra meM parikarmina mativAle haiM, unake liye isa grantha kI racanA nahIM kI gaI hai| yahI bAta "bAlAnAM tatva godhAya nyAyaratnaM virakyate" isa uttarArtha dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai| prazna-pUrva AcAryoM dvArA praNIta aneka mAyagrantha pramANa prameya Adi ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane vAle to haiM hI, taba phira Apane isa navIna nyAyaratna grantha kA nirmANa kyoM kiyA hai ? kyoMki unase hI unheM pramANa, prameya, pramAtA zadi ke svarUpa kA jJAna yathArtha rUpa se ho hI jaavegaa| usara. yadyapi yaha kahanA ThIka hai parantu pUrvAcAryoM dvArA viracita nyAya grantha kitane aise haiM jo bistRta haiM, kitane aise haiM jo bilakula saMkSipta hai / ataH unameM bAlajanoM kA praveza nahIM ho sakatA hai / isaliye sugamatA se bAlajanoM kA praveza nyAyazAstra meM ho jAya isake liye madhyama mArga rUpa se isa grantha kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / prazna-yaha bAta Apane kaise jAnI ? uttara---"bAlAnAM tattvabodhAya" isa tRtIya caraNa se jAnI hai| kyoMki bAlajanoM ko nyAya zAstra kA tattvabodha aise hI mArga se huA karatA hai| kyoMki alpabuddhi vAle hone se na unakA praveza vistRta nyAya granthoM meM ho sakatA hai, aura na saMkSipta nyAyagnanthoM meM hI ho sakatA hai| kyoMki saMkSipta meM gUDhArtha chipA rahatA hai| prazna- isa grantha kA "nyAyaratna" aisA nAma kyoM huA hai ? uttara-isa grantha dvArA pradhAna rUpa se nyAyazAstra meM pratipAdita pramAtA, prameya, pramANa, pramiti, pratyakSa, anumAna thAdi ke svarUpa para sundara DhaMga se vistAra ke sAtha vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha vicAra maulika hone ke kAraNa ratnarUpa mAnA gayA hai kyoMki "sva jAtI jAtI yamuskRSTaM tadratnamihocyate" isa ukti ke anusAra bAlajanoM ko pUrvokta tattva samajhAne meM yaha una granthoM ke bIca meM apanA upakAraka hone ke kAraNa ratna ke jaisA zreSThamAnya kiyA jAyagA ataH "nyAyaratna" aisA yaha isakA nAma sArthaka hai| isa grantha ke nirmAtA muni ghAsIlAla jI haiN| isa grantha ko jo 'nyAya ratna" isa nAma se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai, usakA kAraNa pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANoM dvArA prameya padArthoM kA yathArtha svarUpa kathana isa grantha ke mAdhyama se zAstrakAra kareMge aisA hai| saMskRta TIkA-tatra zAstrakArAH khalu granthe maGgalatrayaM kurvanti "anyAdI anyamadhye anyAnte ca maGgalaM kuryAt" iti ziSTravacanAt tatra prArabdhumiSTasya granthasya nirvighna samAptyartha granthAdau maGgalaM kriyate, tasyaiva granthasya pracAra prasAra dvArA sthiratva sampAdanAthaM manthasya madhye maGgalaM vidhIyate, evaM ziSya-praziSya paramparA pracArArtha granthasyAnte maGgalaM kriyate ityavagantavyam / tathA coktakarUpasUtra-taM maMgalamAIe maja pajasae ma stthss| paramaM tAhi miTTi gibiggha pAragamagAya // 1 // tasvaya gvAyaM mazisamayaM aMtimapi tsv| ayocchinna nimittaM sissa-pasissAi sassa // 2 //

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nyAyararana : nyAyaralAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, maMgalAparaNa chAyA tanmaGgalamAdau madhye paryante ca zAstrasya / prathamaM tatra nirdiSTaM, nirvighna pAragamanAya // 1 // tasyaiva ca sthairyArtha madhyamakamantimamapi tasyaiva / abyucchinnanimitta, ziSya praziSyAdi vaMzasya // 2 // atra granthe'sya nirvighna samAptyarthamevAdI pUrvAddhana maGgalaM kRtamityavamantavyam tathA-"prayojanamanuddizya mando'pi na pravattate" iti nyAyena granthAdhyayanAdau prekSAbatA pravRttaye "bAlAnAM tattvabodhAya nyAyaralaM viracyate" ityuttarAddhana anubandha catuSTayamabhihitam taccAdhikAri viSaya sambandha prayojanarUpaM bhavati uktaJca "siddhArtha siddhasambandha, zrotu zrItA prvrtte| zAstrAdI tena vaktavyaH, sambandhaH saprayojanaH // " tathA ca bAlAnAM nyAyapadArtha tattvAvabodha eva prakRta nyAyaratna granthasya prayojanamiti phalitam / adhikArI cAtra adhIlakAvyAdiH bAlaH, pramANa nayaM jIvAjIvAdi prameya padArthoviSayaH, pramANAdi padAyatattvajJAna prayojanaM pratipAdyapratipAdakabhAvarUpo bodhyabodhakabhAvarUpo vA sambandha ityevamanubandhacatuSTayaM bodhyam / prazna:-zAstrakAroM kA aisA kathana hai ki grantha kI Adi meM, grantha ke madhya meM aura grantha ke anta meM maMgalAcaraNa grantha nirmAtA ko karanA cAhiye so yaha unakA kathana kisa abhiprAya ko lekara hai ? uttara -prArambha kiye gaye grantha kI nirvighna samApti hone ke nimitta usa grantha ke Adi meM maMgalAcaraNa karanA caahiye| grantha meM pracAra aura prasAra dvArA sthiratA sampAdana ke nimitta madhya meM maMgalAcaraNa karanA cAhiye / tathA ziSya praziSya paramparA taka isakA pracAra hotA rhe| isake liye grantha ke anta meM maMgalAcaraNa karanA cAhiye / aisA abhiprAya zAstrakAroM kA hai| yahI bAta kalpasUtra meM "taM maMgalamAIe" Adi do gAthAoM dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai| prazna--"prayojanamanudidazya mando'pi na pravartate" isa kathana ke anusAra mandabuddhi vAle jana taka bhI jaba binA prayojana ke kisI kAma meM pravRtta nahIM hote haiM, to phira yaha avazya prakaTa karanA cAhiye ki granthakAra kA isa grantha ko racane kA kyA abhiprAya hai ? usara-"granthakAra kA isa grantha ko banAne kA kyA prayojana hai" yaha bAta to aisI hai jo unhoMne svayam "bAlAnAM tattvabodhAya nyAyaratnaM viracyate" isa zlokA se spaSTa kara dI hai kyoMki isa zlokArya se anubandhacatuSTaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha anubandhadhatuSTaya adhikArI, viSaya, sambandha evaM prayojana rUpa hotA hai / ataH bAlajanoM ko nyAyazAstrodita padArthoM kA yathArtha bodha karAnA hI isa zAstra kA abhimata prayojana hai / prayojana zakyAnuSThAna iSTarUpa hotA hai, azakyAnuSThAna aniSTarUpa nahIM hotA hai| jaise kisI jvara se pIr3ita vyakti se kahA jAya ki takSaka sarpa ke mastaka se maNi lAo aura use gale meM pahana lo tumhArA jvara bilakula naSTa ho jaavegaa| yahAM jvara kA naSTa honA rUpa prayojana azakyAnuSThAna rUpa hai tathA kisI vivAhArthIjana se aisA kahA jAve ki tuma apanI mAtA se vivAha karalo--- to yaha vivAha karanA rUpa prayojana zakyAnuSThAnarUpa to hai, parantu vaha aniSTarUpa hai-anabhimatarUpa hai|

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, maMgalAcaraNa isa prakAra ke donoM prayojanoM se vihIna hone ke kAraNa yaha zAstra abhimata aura zakyAnuSThAna rUpa prayojana vAlA hai / jo zAstra aise abhimatAdi prayojana se yukta hotA hai, aura sambandha vAlA hotA hai zrotAjana kI pravRtti usI zAstra meM hotI hai| anabhimata prayojana vAle yA azakyAnuSThAna prayojana vAle tathA sambandha vihIna zAstra meM zrotAjana kI pravRtti nahIM huA karatI hai| yahI bAta "siddhArtha siddha sambandham" Adi zlokArdha dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai ? vyAkaraNa, kAvyAdi jisane par3ha liye haiM, aura nyAyazAstra kathita padArthoM ke svarUpa kA jo jijJAsu hai aisA vineya jana hI isa granya kA adhyayana karane kA adhikArI hai / jIva ajIva Adi rUpa prameya padArthoM kA svarUpa pratipAdana karanA yaha isa grantha kA viSaya hai| viSaya kA aura isa grantha kA pratipAdya-pratipAdakarUpa sambandha hai / athavA-bodhyabodhakabhAvarUpa bhI sambandha hai, pramANa Adi padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna isase prApta karanA yaha vineyagata prayojana hai| isa prakAra se ye cAra anubandha isa grantha meM hai aisA jAnanA cAhiye /

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nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA samupetaM nyAyaratnam sUtra--smAgarama masAyi badhira sAnA // 1.. saMskRta TIkA:-pramANAdhInA prameyasiddhiriti vacanAt pramANaM vinA na kasyA'pi prameya bastuno yathArthajJAnaM sambhavati tasmAtsarvaprathamaM pramANasvarUpaM pratipAdayitukAmaH "svapara vyavasAyi" ityAdi sUtra pratipAdayati, atra pramANamiti lakSyam avaziSTaM tallakSaNam, tatrApi "sva-para-vyavasAyi abAdhitam" iti jJAnavizeSaNam, svazabdena jJAnasvarUpaM para zabdena ca jJAnAdbhinno'rthoM zRhyate, svaparau vizeSeNasaMzayAdivyavacchedena avasAtum-ababhAsayituM zIlaM yasya tat svapara vyavasAyi-IdRzaM jJAnameva pramANaM bhavitumarhati nAjJAnarUpaM sannikarSAdi, vastu mAtrasyaiva sAmAnya-vigeSAtmakatayA yadA grAhakaM jJAnaM sAmAnyAMzaM parityajya vizeSAMzaM pradhAnatayA mRNAti nadA tajjJAnamityucyate yadAta vizeSAMza parityajya pradhAnatayA sAmAnyAMza gRhNAti tathA tadarzanamityucyate / bastuno vizeSAMza grAhakatayA jJAnasyaiva pramANatvaM natu darzanasyeti sUcayitu jJAnaM pramANamityuktam / nirvikalpake saMzayAdo cAtivyAptibAraNAya "svapara vyavasAyi" ityuktam / vyavasAyipadasya saprakAraka nizcayarUpArthakatayA saMzayAdInAM zciAyakatvAbhAvAt nivikalpasyaca kalpanArUpa vyavasAyakatvAbhAvena ca tannizcAyakatvAbhAvAt nAtra lakSaNasyAti vyAptiH / abAdhitapadena viparyaya jJAnasya nirAsaH, uttara kAle tadviSayasya bAvitatkRt / svapadena jJAnAntara pratyakSabAdinAM naiyAyikAnA, nityaparokSajJAnavAdinAM mImAMsakAnAma acetanAntaH karaNAdeH jJAnavAdinAM sAMkhyAnAM ca mataM parAstam, parapadena ca jJAnAvaMtavAdinAM vedAntinAM zUnyavAdinAM mAdhyamikAnAM ca mataM nirastaM bhavati, sampUrNa pramANalakSaNena tu paraparikalpita pramANa lakSaNAni dhvastAni bhavantIti jJAtavyam / / hindI vyAkhyA -sva aura para ko nirdoSa rUpa se nizcaya karane vAlA abAdhita jJAna hI pramANa hai| isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne sarvaprathama jo pramANa ke svarUpa kA "apane ko evaM padArtha ko nirdoSa rUpa se nizcaya karane vAlA abAdhita jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai" isa rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA hai, vaha "pramANAddhi prameyasiddhiH" pramANa se hI prameya kI siddhi, zapti, abhilaSita padArtha kI prApti hotI hai, isa kathana ke anusAra hI kiyA hai, kyoMki pramANa ke binA kisI bhI abhilaSita vastu kA vAstavika jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai, yahA~ jJAna pada vizeSya hai, aura sva-para-vyavasAyi abAdhita ye do pada isake vizeSaNabhUta haiN| pramANa lakSya aura svapara vyavasAyi abAdhita jJAna isakA lakSaNa haiM / lakSaNa do prakAra kA hotA haieka AtmabhUta lakSaNa aura dUsarA amAtmabhUta lakSaNa / inhIM donoM lakSaNoM ko kramazaH zAstrAntara meM svarUpa lakSaNa aura taTastha (upa lakSaNa) lakSaNa kahA gayA hai / jo vastu ke svarUpa meM tanmaya hokara milA rahatA hai

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nyAvaratna : nyAyararamAvalI TIkA: prathama adhyAya, saSa1 vaha agni ke lakSaNa uSNatA hI ke samAna AtmabhUta lakSaNa kahalAtA hai aura jo vastu ke svarUpa ke sAtha milA huA nahIM rahatA hai, vaha anAtmabhUta lakSaNa kahalAtA hai jaisA ki daNDI devadatta kA anAtmabhUta lakSaNa vaNDa hai| yahA~ para pramANa kA yaha lakSaNa AtmabhUta lakSaNa hai, kyoMki yaha pramANa ko apramANa se judA karatA hai ataH yaha usakA svarUpabhUta hI hai / lakSaNAbhAsa tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-eka adhyApti lakSaNAbhAsa, dUsarA ativyApti lakSaNAbhAsa aura tIsarA asambhava lakSaNAbhAsa / jo lakSya ke ekadeza meM vartamAna hotA hai, vaha avyApti nAma kA lakSaNAbhAsa hai, jaise kisI ne gAya kA lakSaNa zAvalepattva kiyA to yaha zAvalepatva sarvatra lakSyabhUta gAyoM meM nahIM rahatA hai, kintu kisI-kisI gAya meM rahatA hai, ataH lakSya mAtra meM na rahakara kisI ekA lakSyaikadezabhUta gAya meM rahane ke kAraNa yaha lakSaNa avyApti lakSaNAbhAsa mAnA gayA hai, isI prakAra jo lakSaNa apane lakSya meM rahatA huA bhI alakSya meM rahatA hai vaha ativyApti lakSaNAbhAsa hai---do kisI ke maya kAma zuH yA te. vaha pazutva lakSaNa apane lakSyabhUta gAya meM rahate hue bhI alakSyabhUta jo ghor3e Adi jAnavara haiM, unameM bhI rahatA hai, ataH aisA lakSaNa hotA hai vaha ativyApti lakSaNAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai / jisa lakSaNa kA rahanA lakSya meM bilakula bAdhina hotA hai, vaha asaMbhava lakSaNAbhAsa hai| jaise kisI ne manuSya kA lakSaNa viSANI-sIMgoM vAlA aisA kiyA to yaha lakSaNa apane lakSyabhUta manuSya meM bAdhita hone ke kAraNa asaMbhava lakSaNAbhAsa hai kyoMki manuSyoM ke sIMga nahIM hote haiM / prakRta meM "nitikalpake saMzayAdI ca ativyApti vAraNAya" isa kathana se ina doSoM kI sUcanA kI gaI hai / ataH inake svarUpa kA pratipAdana hamane yahA~ para upayogI samajhakara kiyA hai| pramANa kA yaha lakSaNa avyApti doSa se zUnya isaliye hai, ki yaha pramANa kA lakSaNa apane pratyakSa aura parokSabhUta lakSya meM vyApta hokara rahatA hai / aisA nahIM hai, ki yaha lakSaNa pratyakSa pramANa meM hI rahatA ho, parokSa pramANa meM nahIM rahatA ho| ataH samasta apane lakSyabhUta pramANa meM rahane ke kAraNa yaha avyApti lakSaNAbhAsa se zUnya hai / isa prakAra apramANabhUta jo samayAdika jJAna haiM, unameM yaha rahatA nahIM hai / ata: alakSya se byAvRtta hone ke kAraNa yaha ativyApti doSa se bhI dUSita nahIM hai| tathA yaha lakSaNa apane lakSyabhUta pramANa meM sarvaprakAra se saMbhAvita hone ke kAraNa asaMbhavI bhI nahIM hai| isa taraha yaha lakSaNa vidoSavihIna hone se sarvathA nirdoSa hai / jo jJAna apane Apako aura apane se bhinna para-padArtha ko jAnane kA svabhAva vAlA hai tathA saMzaya, anadhyavasAya aura viparyaya inase bilakula judA hai aisA vaha jJAna hI pramANa hai / aisA jAnanA caahiye| prazna- stra zabda ke to AtmA, AtmIyajanAdi, jJAti, evaM dhana ye cAra vAcyArtha haiM, jaba sva zabda se yahA~ AtmA-nija svarUpa-- aisA hI artha yahA~ kyoM gRhIta huA hai ? uttara-yahA~ zAna meM pramANatA kA kathana cala rahA hai, ataH prakaraNa ke anusAra yahA~ svazabda se jJAna kA AtmarUpa artha hI abhISTa hone ke kAraNa gRhIta huA hai, anya nhiiN| isI taraha para zabda ke bhI zreSTha, utkuSTa Adi aneka artha haiM, para unakI yahA~ vivakSA nahIM hai| kintu jJAna se bhinna jo prameya hai vahI para zabda se vivakSita huA hai / ataH vahI yahA~ gRhIta huA hai, yahI bAta "svazabdena jJAna svarUpa, para zabdena ca jJAnAdibhinno'rtho gRhyate" ina padoM dvArA vyakta kI gaI hai| prazna-yadi jJAna ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai to phira saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya ye saba bhI to jJAna rUpa hI haiM, phira inheM pramANa kyoM nahIM mAnA gayA hai aura kyoM vyavasAyi pada se evaM abAdhita pada se inheM haTAyA gayA hai ? uttara-saMzayAdi jo jJAna haiM ve vAstavika yathArtha jJAna nahIM haiN| isI kAraNa ye apane dvArA

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sUtra 1 gRhIta hue viSaya ke yathArtha nizcAyaka nahIM hote haiM / ataH jJAna hone para bhI ye satyazAna se bahibhUta mAne gaye haiM / inakA lakSaNa Age svayaM sUtrakAra prakaTa karane bAle haiM / viparyaya jJAna dvArA jo viSaya gRhIta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha uttarakAla meM pratyakSAdi pramANa dvArA bAdhita hotA hai, isaliye yaha bhI yathArtha jJAna svarUpa se bahirbhUta mAnA gayA hai| prazna-Apane jo aisA kahA hai ki--sva-para-vyavasayi abAdhita jJAna hI pramANa hai, so sUtra meM to yahI pada kA vAcaka evakAra prayukta huA nahIM hai / phira jJAna hI pramANa hai--aisA Apa kaise kahate haiM ? uttara-jitane bhI bAkya hote haiM ve saba avadhAraNa sahita hI hote haiM / ataH yahA~ para bhI aisA hI samajhanA caahiye| prazna- aisA avadhAraNa ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki ajJAnarUpa sannikarSAdi bhI pramitijanaka hone se pramANabhUta mAne gaye haiM ? uttara-ajJAnarUpa sanikAdikoM meM pramiti kriyA ke prati sAdhabAtamatA nahIM hai| ataH unameM pramANatA nahIM mAnI gaI hai / pramiti kriyA ke prati sAdhakatamatA to cetana ke dharmarUpa jJAna meM hI mAnI gaI hai / ataH usI meM pramANatA kahI gaI hai / prazta--nirvikalpaka darzana jise bauddhoM ne pramANabhUta mAnA hai use yahA~ para pramANatA se bahirbhUta kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? uttara-bauddha mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha nivikalpaka darzana bAlpanA se rahita hotA hai, usameM "yaha amuka padArtha hai, amuka jAti kA hai, amuka varNa vAlA hai" ityAdi rUpa kalpanA nahIM hotI hai / ata: kalpanAvihIna hone se yaha padArtha kA nirNAyaka nahIM ho sakatA hai, padArtha kA nirNAyaka to savikalpaka jJAna hI hotA hai / isaliye savikalpaka jJAna ko hI pramANabhUta mAnA gayA hai / sva-para vyavasAyi abAdhita jJAna savikalpaka hai, isI kAraNa usameM pramANatA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| . prazna yahA~ para "pramANaM svapara-dhyavasAyi abAdhitaM mAnam" itanA kathana to pratijJArUpa hai| kyoMki dharma aura dharmI ke samudAyarUpa kazrana kA nAma pratijJA hai / "pramANam" yaha dharmI-pakSa hai / aura "sva para vyavasAyi abAdhitaM jJAnam" yaha vidheyarUpa sAdhya hai / para itane kathana mAtra se to svapakSa kI siddhi hotI nahIM hai / isake liye to hetu kA prayoga honA cAhiye para vaha hetu yahA~ sUtrakAra ne sUtra meM prakaTa nahIM kiyA hai / ataH sAdhanazunya hone se Apa apane kathana kI siddhi aura samarthana kase kara sakate haiM ? uttara-zaGkA ucita hai / parantu yadi isa para acchI taraha se vicAra kiyA jAve to samAdhAna isI sUtra meM nihita hai, vaha kisa prakAra se hai ? to suniye-hama batAte haiM yahA~ "sva-para-vyavasAyi abAdhita jJAnaM pramANaM pramANatvAt" isa prakAra kA anumAnaprayoga sUcita kiyA gayA hai / ataH yaha hamArA kathana sAdhanavihIna nahIM hai| prazna-'pramANam' yaha pada to prathamAnta vibhakti vAlA hai aura hetuparaka pada paJcamI bibhakti bAlA hotA hai / phira ise Apa paJcamI vibhakti vAlA kaise banA sakate haiM ? tathA-"pramANam" yaha dharmI hai aura usI dharmI ko Apa jaba hetu banAte haiM to yaha pratijJA kA ekadeza hone ke kAraNa asiddha hetvAbhAsa rUpa ho jAtA hai, phira isase svasAdhya kI siddhi kaise ho sakegI?

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nyAyarala : nyAya ratnAbalI TIkAH prathama adhyAya, satra 1 uttara-prathamAnta vibhakti vAlA pada bhI hetu rUpa se kahIM-kahIM vyavahRta hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai, jaise "gulyo rAjabhASA na bhakSaNIyA guruvAt" svapara vyavasAyi abAdhita jJAna meM hI pramANatA hotI hai isI kAraNa vahI jJAna pramANabhUta hai / jo aimA nahIM hotA hai, vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hotA hai, jaise saMzayAdi jJAna / yahA~ sUtra meM jo svatantra rUpa se hetu kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai. vaha sUtra sUcanikA rUpa hI hotA hai, isa abhiprAya se nahIM kiyA gayA hai / ataH ise svayaM samajha lenA caahiy| dUsare jo dharmoM ko hetuparaka rakhane para asiddha hetvAbhAsa kA usameM udbhAvana kiyA gayA hai-so yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jaba "pramANatvAt" isa rUpa se pramANa ko hetuparaka mAnA jAbegA taba vaha sAmAnya rUpa mAnA jAvegA aura pramANa dharmI vizeSa rUpa mAnA jAyagA / sAmAnya apane vizeSoM meM rahatA hI hai| dharmI po pratijJA kA ekadeza mAnakara asiddha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki dharmI to prasiddha hI hotA hai| aura jaba use hetuparaka rakhA jAtA hai to vaha bhI prasiddha hotA hai| phira ise asiddha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai, asiddha to mAdhya hI huA karatA hai / sAdhya ko to hetu banAyA nahIM gayA hai / ataH "pramANaM svapara vyavasAyi abAdhitaM jJAnaM pramANatvAt" yaha kathana sarvathA nirdoSa hai / isa taraha yahAM para kaMTakoM kA uddhAra karake aba isa sUtra kI TIkA kA artha likhA jAnA hai pramANa ke adhIna hI prameya kI siddhi hotI hai, isa vacana ke anusAra pramANa ke binA prameya kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai ataH isI bAta ko lakSya meM rakhakara sutrakAra ne sarvaprathama pramANa ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yahA~ para pramANa lakSya hai aura jJAna pada isakA lakSaNa hai / isa lakSaNa ke "svapara vyavasAyi abAdhitam" pada anya vyAvarta ke haiN| svazabda se jJAnasvarUpa kA aura para zabda se jJAna se bhinna padArtha kA grahaNa huA hai| saMzaya Adi ko dUra karate hue, jisa jJAna kA svabhAva ina svapara ko nizcaya karane kA hotA hai, aisA hI vaha jJAna svapara vyavasAyi kahA gayA hai| aisA jJAna hI pramANa ho sakatA hai, ajJAnarUpa sannikarSAdi nhiiN| sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka padArtha hai-so jisa samaya grAhaka jJAna sAmAnya aMza ko chor3akara vizeSAMza ko pradhAna karake grahaNa karatA hai, taba vaha jJAna kahA jAtA hai, aura jisa samaya vizeSAMza ko chor3akara mAmAnyAMza ko pradhAnarUpa se grahaNa karatA hai taba vahI grAhaka jJAna darzana kahalAtA hai| darzana ko pramANa isIliye nahIM mAnA gayA hai, ki usake dvArA gRhIta huA sAmAnya vyavahAropayogI nahIM hotA hai| jJAna ko pramANa mAnane kA kAraNa yahI hai ki usake dvArA gRhIva huA vizeSAMza vyavahAropayogI hotA hai / vyavahAropayogI kA abhiprAya arthakriyAkAritA se hai| isI bAta ko sUcita karane ke liye "jJAnaM pramANa" aisA sUtrakAra ne kahA hai| isa jJAna kA vizeSaNa jo "sva-para-vyavasAyi" pada hai, vaha saMzayAdi jJAna meM aura nirvikalpaka 'darzana meM ativyApti doSa ko vAraNa karane vAlA hai| kyoMki saMzayAdi jJAna padArtha ke nizcAyaka nahIM hote haiN| viruddha aneka koTi kA sparza karane vAlA saMzaya jJAna hotA hai aura nirvikalpaka meM kalpanArUpa vyavasAyAtmakatA kA abhAva rahatA hai, abAdhita pada se viparyaya jJAna kI nibatti kI gaI hai| yadyapi viparyaya jJAna padArtha ko viSaya karane vAlA hotA hai aura savikalpaka bhI hotA hai parantu uttara kAla meM usakA viSaya pratyakSAdi pramANa se bAdhita ho jAtA hai / ataH viparyayajJAna samyagjJAna rUpa nahIM mAnA gayA hai pratyuta mithyAjJAnarUpa hI mAnA gayA hai / svapada jo jJAna kA vizeSaNabhUta pada hai vaha isa bAta ko prakaTa karatA hai ki jJAna jisa prakAra se padArtha ko jAnatA hai, usI prakAra se vaha apane Apako bhI jAnatA hai, padArtha ko jAnane nyA. TI.2

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10 / nyAyaratna: pyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sUca2 ke liye jisa prakAra se jJAna vyApta hotA hai, usI prakAra apane svarUpa ko jAnane ke liye vaha anya jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM rakhatA hai| naiyAyikoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki jJAna apane Apako jAnane ke liye pAgalA kI lApekSA rahA hai tAmaha svadhanamAthi nahIM hai| mImAMsakoM kA aisA kahanA hai kizAna sarbadA parokSa hI hai, vaha kisI anya jJAnAntara se bhI nahIM jAnA jAtA hai| sAMkhyoM yA aisA kahanA hai ki acetana indriyA~ aura antaHkaraNAdika ye saba jJAnarUpa hI haiN| so ina satra mAnyatAoM ko haTAne ke liye yahA~ sva-pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| para-pada ne zAmAdatavAdI vedAntiyoM kI mAnyatA ko evaM zUnyavAdI mAdhyamikoM kI mAnyatA ko haTAyA hai / tathA pramANa ke isa sampUrNa lakSaNa ne "arthopalabdhiH pramANa" ityAdi rUpa se mAnya kiye gaye anya siddhAntakAroM ke pramANa lakSaNoM ko haTAyA hai, pramANa ke binA koI bhI vastu upAdeya nahIM hotI hai isaliye prastuta nyAya padArtha upAdeya ho sake isa kAraNa pahale pramANa ke lakSaNa kA kthana karake aba sUtrakAra kramazaH vivakSita nyAya viSaya kA pratipAdana Age yathAsthAna kareMge / jJAna hI pramANa kyoM hai---isakA samarthana : sUtra-iSTAniSTa vastUpAdAna hAlakSamatvAjJAnameva pramANam // 2 // saMskRta TIkA-jAnameva pramANaM kathaM bhavatIti yuktyA samarthayamAnaH sUririSTAniSTetyAdi sUtra pratipAdayati--iSTa-sukhaM tatsAdhanaM ca tadra paM vastu, jJAnameva upAdatta aniSTaM sAdivastu jahAni ca / natu ghaTa paTAdi vat, saMyoga satrikarSAdiH tasya jaDatvAt / cetanasyAtmanaH dharmatvAt jJAnameva tatra samartha bhavati, laukize parIkSako bA janaH jJAnena hitaM hitasAdhakaM ca vastu jJAtvA tad gRhNAti, ahitam ahitasAdhakaM na jJAtvA tata parityajati. jJAnasyaiva heyopAdeya kriyAyAM sAdhakatamatvAt / sannikarSAdeH sAdhakasya tatra chidi jhiyAyAM devadattAdivat sAkSAt samarthatA nAsti // 2 // hindI vyAkhyA-jJAna hI pramANa kyoM hai, sannikarSAdi pramANa kyoM nahIM hai ? isa nAma kA sUtra dvArA samarthana kiyA gayA hai-sukha aura sukha ke sAdhana, duHkha aura duHkha ke sAdhana yahA~ kramazaH iSTa aura aniSTa pada se gRhIta hue haiN| iSTa kI prApti karAne meM aura aniSTa ke parihAra karAne meM jJAna hI samartha hotA hai, sannikarSAdi nahIM hote haiM, isaliye jJAna meM hI pramANatA hai sannivarSAdi meM nahIM kyoMki sannikarSAdi meM jar3a hone se ghaTa-paTa Adi kI taraha hita kI prApti karAne meM evaM ahita ke parihAra karAne meM samarthatA jJAna meM hI aisA sAmarthya hai| kyoMki vaha cetanarUpa AtmA kA eka dharma hai| cAhe laukika jA hoM cAhe parIkSaka jana hoM ve saba jJAna dvArA hI jAnakara hita-iSTa kI prApti aura ahita--aniSTa kA parityAga kiyA karate haiN| isa taraha yaha jo heyopAdeyarUpa kriyA hotI hai, usa kriyA ke prati sAdhakatamatA jJAna meM hI AtI hai, ajJAnarUpa satrikarSa Adi meM nahIM / yadi sAdhaka mAtra hone se sannikarSAdi meM pramANatA mAnI jAve to chidikriyA meM sAdhaka mAtra hone se devadattAdi ko bhI pramANabhUta mAnanA pdd'egaa| parantu aisA nahIM mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha chidikriyA kuThAra ke dvArA hI kI jAtI hai, devadatta ke dvArA nahIM / devadatta to usa kuThAra ko calAne meM hI sAdhaka hai| ataH chidikriyA meM sAkSAt sAdhakatamatA kuThAra meM hI AtI hai devadattAdi meM nahIM / isI prakAra se upAdeya aura heya padArtha kI prApti aura parihAra karanA rUpa jo kriyA hotI hai usake prati sAkSAta sAdhakatamatA jJAna meM hI AtI hai, acetana jaDa rUpa sannikarSAdi meM nhiiN| yahA~ jJAna pakSa hai "pramANa yaha sAdhya hai" aura "iSTAniSTavastUpAdAna hAna kSamatvAt" yaha hetu hai|

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nyAmaratna : tyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sUtra 3 anumAna ke pAMca aGga hote haiM-pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanya aura nigamana / "zAnaM pramANam' yaha dharma dharmI kA samudAyalpa bAkya pratijJA hai| evam-"iSTAniSTa vastUpAdAnahAnakSamatvAt" yaha hetu hai / yahA~ anvaya dRSTAnta nahIM hai, para ghaTapaTAdirUpa vyatireka dRSTAnta hai / anvaya dRSTAnta aura vyatiraka dRSTAnta ke bheda se iSTAnta do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / sAdhana ke sadabhAva meM mAdhya kA sadbhAva jahAM para para prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha anvaya dRSTAnta hai| aura sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva jahA~ dikhalAyA jAtA hai, vaha vyatireka dRSTAnta hai| jaise rasoIghara kI taraha yaha parvata agnivAlA hai / dhUmavAlA hone se yahA~ sAdhana dhUma ke sadbhAva se hI sAdhya--agni kA sadbhAva prakaTa karane meM rasoIghara anvaya dRSTAnta hai, tathA jahA~ agni kA abhAva hai. vahAM sAdhanabhUta dhUma kA bhI abhAva hai-jaise tAlAba vaha vyatireka dRSTAnta hai / kyoki tAlAba meM sAdhyAbhAva se sAdhanAbhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| pakSa meM hetu ke punaH kathana karane ko--duharAne ko-upanaya kahate haiM, jaise rasoIghara kI taraha yaha parvata bhI dhUmavAlA hai / yahA~ agnirUpa sAdhya ko prakaTa karane ke liye eka bAra "dhUmAt" isa hetu kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, aura anbaya dRSTAnta ke kathana ke bAda punaH yaha dhUmavAlA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai, ataH dhUmarUpa hetu ko pakSa meM isa prakAra se duharAne vAlA bAsya upanaya mAnA gayA hai / aba yaha parvata dhUmavAnA hai, to agnivAlA hai / isa prakAra se pakSa meM sAdhya ke duharAne ko nigamana kahate haiN| prakRti meM yaha sUtra bhI paJca avayavoM se yukta anumAna pramANa svarUpa hai / pratijJA, hetu aura udAharaNa yahA~ isa sUtra meM--prakaTa kara diye gaye haiM, isaliye jJAna hI iSTAniSTa vastu ke upAdAna aura hAna meM samartha hai, yaha upanaya bAkya hai ataH vahI pramANa hai, yaha nigamana vAkya hai| isa prakAra se isa sUtra meM paJcarUpatA samajha lenI cAhiye // 2 // sannikarSAdi meM pramANatA kA nirasana : sUtra-svArthanirNaye sAdhakatamatva virahAghaTAderiva jaGasya prAmAbhyAmAvaH / / 3 / / saMskRta TokA-jAisya saMyoga sannikarSAdeH prAmANyAbhAvaM samarthayituM svArthanirNaye sAdhakatamatva birahAdityAdi sUtraM pratipAdayati--svAvabhAsanAzaktasya parAvabhAsakaravAyogAd jaDasya satrikarSAdaH prAmANyaM nopapadyate yathA ghaTAdirjaDatayA svastha padArthasya ca gRhAdenizcAyako na bhavati evameva jaDatayA sannikarSAdirapi svaprakAzakatvAbhAvena acetanatvena ca svArthayo nirNAyako na bhavati / svArthanirNaye karaNasyaka jJAnasya prAmANya mantavyam, anumAnAkArazcArya sannikarSAdinapramANaM svArthanirNaye'sAdhakatamatvAt / yt| svArthanirNaye'sAdhakatamaM tannapramANaM yathA ghaTAdiH, svArthanirNaye'sAdhakatamazca sannikarSAdistasmAt na pramANamiti // 3 // hindI vyAkhyA-jara meM pramANatA isaliye nahIM mAnI gaI hai, ki vaha svanirNaya karane meM aura para ke nirNaya karane meM sAdhakatama nahIM hotA hai| isaliye jar3arUpa sannikarSAdikoM meM ghaTAdi kI taraha pramANatA nahIM A sakatI hai| aisA niyama hai ki jo apane Apako nahIM jAnatA yA prakAzita karatA hai vaha para padArtha ko kaise jAna sakatA yA prakAzita kara sakatA hai / sannikarSa-indriya aura padArtha kA sambandha-cuki jarUpa hai, ataH ghaTapaTAdi jar3a padArtha kI taraha vaha na apanA nizcAyaka hotA hai. aura na para padArtha kA nizvAyaka

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12 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sUtra 4-5 hotA hai / isaliye svapara ke nirNaya karanA rUpa kriyA meM jo karaNa hogA vahI pramANa hogA / isa kriyA meM karaNa jJAna hI hai, ataH vahI pramANa hai| prazna-svanirNaya karane meM jo sazakta hotA hai vahIM para-nirNAyaka hotA hai| aisA niyama yadi mAnA jAve to phira indriyAdi dvArA padArtha kA jo nirNaya hotA dekhA jAtA hai vaha kaise ho sakegA ? uttara-indriyoM dvArA padArtha kA nirNaya hotA hai, aisI yaha mAnyatA kevala aupacArika haivAstavika nahIM / kyoMki indriyA~ jar3a haiM, aura jar3a meM kisI bhI padArtha kA nirNaya hotA nahIM hai| jisa prakAra makAna ke bhItara baiThA huA devadatta khir3akI ke dvArA bAharI padArthoM ko dekhatA hai| isI prakAra dravyendriya dvArA bhAvendriya rUpa jJAna padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, unakA nirNaya karatA hai| prazna-zA meM prakAzakAtA svataH hai bAsarata hai ? uttara-jAna meM svaprakAzakatA svataH hai, parataH nahIM hai kyoMki jJAna cetana AtmA kA eka sahabhAvI guNa hai / ataH yaha dIpaka kI taraha sva-para kA prakAzaka mAnA gayA hai| imaliye sva-para-nirNaya karAne meM karaNa rUpa se sAdhakatama cetana dharma rUpa jJAna ko hI mAnanA cAhiye jar3a ko nhiiN| prazna-yahA~ para anumAnaprayoga kisa prakAra se kiyA gayA hai ? uttara-anumAnaprayoga isa prakAra se kiyA gayA hai---apane aura para ke nirNaya karane meM asAdhakatama hone ke kAraNa sannikarSa pramANarUpa nahIM hai, jo sva aura artha ke nirNaya karane meM asAdhakatama hotA hai, vaha pramANa nahIM hotA hai jaise ghaTAdi / sva aura artha ke nirNaya karane meM asAdhakatama sannikarSa hai / isaliye vaha pramANa nahIM hai / isa prakAra kA yaha paJcAvayaba sampanna anumAna kA prayoga hai // 3 / / jar3a meM sAdhakatamatA kA abhAva kathana :-- sUtra-cetana dharma vyatiriktasya saTikaveH sva-paranirNaye stambhAderiva na sAdhakatvam // 4 // saMskRta TIkA-yataH sannikarSAdizcetana dharma vyatiriktastatastatra stambhAderiva sva-para-nirNAyakaravaM nAsti / ataH kathaM tatra sAdhakatamatvaM saMbhavet // 4 // hindI vyAkhyA-sva aura para ke nirNaya karane kI prati jaDa meM sAdhakatamatA nahIM hai| aisA jo pahale kahA gayA hai usI kA samarthana isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne kiyA hai / isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai, ki sabhikarSAdi jar3a imaliye haiM, ki ve cetana dharma se bhinna haiN| jaisA ki cetana dharma se bhinna stambha hotA hai| ataH jisa prakAra stambha meM cetana dharma se bhinna hone ke kAraNa jar3atA hai| usI prakAra se sannikarSAdi meM bhI cetana dharma se bhinnatA hai| jahA~-jahA~ cetama dharma se bhinnatA hotI hai, vahA~-vahA~ niyama se jar3atA hotI hai| sannikarSa bhI isI taraha kA hai kyoMki indriyA~ cetana dharma se vyatirikta haiM, aura bAhya padArtha bhI cetana dharma se vyatirikta haiM / jaba yaha bAta hai to inakA jo saMyogarUpa sannikarSa hai, vaha bhI jar3a hI hai| isaliye vaha bhI cetana dharma se bhinna hai| phira isameM sva-para-nirNayarUpa kriyA ke prati sAdhakatamatA kaise A sakatI hai ? cetana dharma rUpa jJAna meM hI sva-para-nirNayarUpa kriyA ke prati sAdhakatamatA AtI hai| aisA jAnandA cAhiye / / 4 / / jJAna meM sva-para-vyavasAyAtmakatA kA samarthana :-- satra-savyavasAyasvabhAvaM samAropa tiraskArakatvAt // 5 //

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sUtra 6-7 saMskRta TIkA--jJAnasyaida pramANatvaM na jaDarUpasya sannikarSAderiti pUrvamukta nacca nizcayAtmakameva jJAnaM pramANaM bhavati natu nirvikalpakaM nApi anizcayAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANaM saMbhavati ityevaM prarUpayitukAmaH sUtrakAraH tadvyavasAyasvabhAvamityAdi sUtra pratipAdayati-pramANabhUtaM sat-jJAna vyavasAyAtmakaM bhavati saMzayaviparyayAnadhyavasAyarUpa samAropa tiraskArakatvAta yat samAropa tiraskArakaM na bhavati na tadvyavasAya svabhAvaM bhavati yathA nirvikalpakam', samAropatiraskArakaM ca jJAnaM tasmAttadvyavasAya svabhAvam / hindI vyAkhyA-ina sutra dvArA sutrakAra ne pramANabhUna jJAna meM sva-para-vyavasAyAtmakatA siddha kI hai, aura yaha vyavasAyAtmakatA usameM saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhya vasAya rUpa samAropa kA vaha virodhI hotA hai isa kAraNa se AtI hai / prazna-jaba jJAna ko Apane pramANabhuta mAnA hai to phira nivikalpaka jJAna bhI jJAna hI hai use bhI pramANabhUta Apako mAnanA cAhiye / tathA ca phira isakA mo Aheta mata meM nirasana pramANatA kI koTi se kiyA gayA hai so kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? uttara-ThIka hai| parantu hamane jo jJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai so nirvikalpaka jJAna ko yA anizcayAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnA hai, kintu nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA hai| kyoMki jaba jJAna meM pramANanA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai taba vahA~ para "svapara vyakmAyi" ina vizeSaNAM meM use vizeSita kiyA gayA hai| isakA sAmAna meM kAra-vyavasAyAtmakatA usake dvArA samAropa ke nirAkaraNa kiye jAne ke kAraNa se hI AtI hai / nirvikalpaka jJAna samAropa kA virodhI hotA nahIM hai / ataH usameM vyavasAyAtmakatA kaise A sakatI hai ? arthAt nahIM A sakatI hai / nizcayAtmaka zabda kA artha hai savikalpaka / savikalpaka jJAna meM hI nAma-jAti Adi rUpa vikalpa uThate haiM, nirvikalpaka jJAna meM nahIM, ataH vaha pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / kyoMki usake dvArA saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya rUpa samAropa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM hotA hai / ataH aisA mAnanA cAhiye-ki jo saMzayAdi rUpa samAropa kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA hotA hai, vahI nizcayAtmaka hotA hai| aisA vaha nizcayAtmaka samyagajJAnarUpa savi jJAna hI hai ? mithyAjJAnarUpa nirvikalpaka jJAna yA sannikarSa Adi nhiiN| tAtparya isa sUtra kA yahI hai ki samyagjJAna meM vyavasAyAtmakatA samAropa kA virodhI hone ke kAraNa se hai| ataH jo samAgepa kA virodhI hogA, vahI vyavasAyAtmaka-sva-para kA nizcAyaka hogA / nirvikalpaka yA sannikarpa aise nahIM haiN| ataH ve vyavasAyAtmaka bhI nahIM haiM, aura vyavasAyAtmaka na hone se ve pramANa bhI nahIM haiM // 5 // satra-saMzaya viparyayAnadhyabasAyabhevAda trividhaH samAropaH // 6 // (uttAnArthamivaM sUtra) sUtrArtha-saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ke bheda se samAropa tIna prakAra kA hai / sUtra-viruddhAnekakoTispazijJAna saMzayaH / / 7 // saMskRta TIkA-ekasmin dhamiNi anizcitAnAM viruddhAnAM ca anekakoTInAmavagAhanazIla yajjJAnaM sa saMzaya ityucyate / yathA'yaM sthANurvA puruSo vA, sthANu puruSa sAdhAraNodhyatAdi darzanAt tadvizeSasya ca vakra koTaraziraH pANyAdeH sAdhaka pramANasyAbhAvAdanekakoTyavalambitvaM jJAnasya, evaM ca ubhaya koTi sAdhAraNa dharmadarzanaM vizeSadharmAdarzanaM ca saMzayajanakaM bhavati, vizeSadharmadarzanaM tu saMzaya nivartakaM bhavati iti bodhyam /

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14/ nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sUtra 8-6 hindI vyAkhyA-eka vastu meM anipittana viruddha aneka koTiyoM ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAna saMzaya hai| jaise yaha sthAna hai yA puruSa hai ? isa prakAra kA jo zAna hotA hai, vaha saMzaya kahalAtA hai ! isa sutra dvArA yahI saMzaya kA lakSaNa samajhAyA gayA hai| isameM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, ki saMzayajJAna vahIM para hotA hai, ki jahA~ ekadharmI meM sAmAnya dharma kA to pratyakSa hotA hai, aura sadgata vizeSa dharmoM kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai| jaise kisI manuSya ne bahuta dUra se sthANa jaisI vastu ko dekhA / aba vaha vicAra karatA hai, ki yaha sthANu hai, yA puruSa hai| aisA saMzaya jJAna use isaliye huA hai, ki dUratva Adi doSa ke vaza se use sthANugata aura manuSyagata jo U~cAI Adi sAmAnya dharma haiM, unakA to use pratyakSa ho rahA hai, aura vakrakoTara zira-pANi Adi jo vizeSa dharma haiM, unakA use pratyakSa darzana nahIM ho rahA hai| ataH ubhayagata sAdhAraNa dharmoM kI pratyakSatA se aura vizeSa dharmoM kI apratyakSatA se sAdhaka pramANoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa use aisA vicAra AtA hai, ki kyA yaha puruSa hai bA sthANu hai| yahA~ sthANa se viruddha puruSa aura puruSa se viraddha sthANu hai| ina viruddha anizcita aneka koTiyoM ko usakA yaha zAna ki yaha puruSa hai yA sthANu hai, sparza kara rahA hai / isIliye yaha saMzaya rUpa jJAna huA hai| isa taraha ubhayakoTigata sAdhAraNa dharma kA darzana aura vizeSa dharma thA adarzana saMzaya ko janma detA hai, utpanna karatA hai tathA vizeSa dharma kA darzana saMzaya kA nivartaka hotA hai / / 7 / / sUtra-asasmiMstadavagAhi jJAna viparyayaH / / 8 / / saMskRta TIkA-tadabhAvavati tatprakArakaM jJAnaM viparyaya ityucyate yathA-zuktikAyAmidaM rajatamiti ..nam / sAdRzyAdi nimittavazAcchukti viparIta rajata nizcayo viparyaya jJAnasvarUpa eva / hindI vyAkhyA-jo padArtha jaisA nahIM hai use usa prakAra kA jAnane vAlA jJAna viparyaya jJAna kahA gayA hai| jaise sIpa meM cAMdI kA jJAna / hai to sIpa para use sIpa na samajhakara yaha cA~dI hai-aisA hone vAlA jJAna hI viparyaya jJAna kahalAtA hai| saMzaya meM aura isa jJAna meM yahI antara hai ki saMzayajJAna meM vi.sI kA bhI nizcita jJAna nahIM hotA hai, vaha bedI ke (binA peMdI ke) loTe kI taraha (loTe ke samAna) viruddha aneka koTiyoM kI ora avagAhita hotA rahatA hai, jabaki yaha jJAna aisA nahIM hotA hai| yaha eka koTi kA nizcaya karane vAlA hotA hai| parantu jisa koTi ko yaha nizcita karatA hai vaha koTi usakI ulTI hotI hai| jo hai use yaha nizcita nahIM kara pAtA aura jo nahIM hai, use vaha vahA~ nizcita kara letA hai| yahI usameM "atasmiMstadavagA hitA" hai| isa jJAna meM yaha atasmin tadavAhitA rUpa viparItatA kisa kAraNa se hotI hai ? to isakA uttara yahI hai ki yaha sAdRzya Adi nimitta ke vaza se hotI hai| zuktikA bhI sapheda hotI hai, aura cA~dI bhI sapheda hotI hai| ataH dekhane vAlA usa nimitta ko lekara zuktikA ko cA~dI samajha letA hai, aura usI kA usameM nizcaya kara letA hai| isI prakAra se rassI meM jAyamAna sarpajJAna aura marumarIcikA (mRgataSNikA) meM jAyamAna jalajJAna bhI viparIta jJAna hI haiN| aisA jAnanA cAhiye // 8 // sUtra--vizeSAdhyabasAyavihInaM zAnamanadhyavasAyaH / / 6 / / saMskRta TIkA-vizeSAgrAhi kimityAlocanAtmakaM jJAnam anadhyavasAyarUpaM bhavati, tathA ca vizeSAgrAhi-vastuno vizeSAMzAgrAhaka kimityAlocanAtmakam "asti ki sviT" ityevaM rUpaM sAmAnyata AkalanAtmakaM jJAnaM sAmAnyamAtragrAhakatayA'nadhyayasAyarUpaM darzanamucyate / etadeva nirvikalpaka jJAnama

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nyAyararana : nyAyaratnAvalI TokA : prathama adhyAya, sUtra 10 |15 pyucyate / tathA vastumAtrasyaiva sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatvena yadA dUratvAdi doSavazAt yasmin jJAne vastuno vizeSAMzasya sphuTarUpeNa bhAnaM na bhavati apitu sAmAnyAMzasyaiva bhAnaM bhavati evaMvidhaM vizeSAgrAhakam "asti ki svid" ityevaM sAmAnyato jJAna anadhyavasAyarUpaM darzanamabagantavyamiti bhAvaH / tamya jJAnasya puruSatvAdi vizeSAMzAgrAhitvAt kisviditvA locanAtmakatvAcca darzanatvaM bodhyam, yathA pathi gacchatastRNasparzAdyavasthAyAm evaM jAtIyakam evaM nAmakamidamityAdi vizeSarUpeNAvadhAraNaM na bhavati apitu "kimapi vastu mayA spRSTam" ityAkArakamAlocanAtmakaM jJAnaM bhavati--Idameva ca anadhyavasAya svarUpaM jAtavyam // 6 // sUtrArtha- vizeSAMga ko grahaNa nahIM karake jo kevala "yaha kucha hai" isa prakAra se mAmAnyAMza ko grahaNa karane vAlA bodha hotA hai, vahI anadhyavasAya hai / yaha anadhyavasAya jJAna nirvikalpaka darzanarUpa hotA hai / / 6 hindI vyAkhyA-vastu sAmAnya aura vizeSa dharmoM vAlI mAnI gaI hai| sAmAnya jJAna se arthakriyA nahIM hotI hai, vizeSajJAna se hI arthakriyA hotI hai / ataH vastu ke vizeSAMza ko nahIM jAne vAlA aura kevala sAmAnyAMza ko hI grahaNaH na vAlA rasAna hotA hai mere rAma calate hue puruSa ko tRNasparza ke hone para "kucha sparza huA aisA jo jJAna hotA hai, bahI anadhyavasAya jJAna hai / yaha amadhyavasAya jJAna darzanarUpa kahA gayA hai| bauddha siddhAnta kI mAnyatA jaisI darzana--nirvikalpakadarzana ke sambandha meM hai, aisI hI mAnyatA ima anadhyavasAya ke viSaya meM Arhata darzana kI hai / nirvikalpakadarNana meM kevala sattA mAtra kA sAlocana hotA hai, vizeSa kA nahIM / yaha jJAna usa samaya hotA hai, jaba dUrI Adi kAraNoM ko ko lekara bastu ke vizeSAMza kA sphuTa rUpa se bhAna nahIM hotA hai kintu sAmAnyAMza kA hI bhAna hotA hai| taba vaha kucha hai aisA hI bodha hotA hai| yaha gAya hai, yaha ghor3A hai aisA vizeSagrAhI jJAna nahIM hotA hai / ataH sAmAnya mAtra aMza ko grahaNa karane ke kAraNa hI anadhyavasAyarUpa jJAna hotA hai| rAste meM mArga meM calane vAle anyamanaska vyakti ko tRNAdi ke sparza ho jAne para "kucha sparza huA hai" aisA jJAna jo hotA hai vaha anadhyavasAya isaliye kahA gayA hai ki usa samaya use--mujhe amuka padArtha kA sparNa huA hai, yaha amuka jAti kA hai, isakA yaha nAma hai, ityAdi rUpa se vizeSAMza kA bodha nahIM hotA hai, usa samaya to kevala mujhe kisI vastu kA sparza huA hai, aisA hI sAmAnyavicArAtmaka bodha hotA hai| basa, isakA nAma anadhyavasAya jJAna hai 116 // sUtra-jJAnasvarUpa bhinna yArthaH paraH / / 10 // saMskRta TIkA-pramANa lakSaNe jJAnavizeSaNabhUta para zabdArtha pratipAdanArtha sUtrakAra idaM sUtra pratipAdayati----tatra svazabdena jJAnasvarUpasya gRhItatvAt para zabdasyAnyArthakatayA kasmAdanya ityAkAMkSAyAM jJAnasvarUpAda bhinnaH padArthaH parazabda vAcyo bhavatIti bodhyam / etena jJAnAtirikta ghaTapaTAdi bAhya padArtho'satsvarUpa eva, jJAnameva tattvamiti pratipAdayan jJAnAdvaitavAdI nirasyate, svapna pratibhAsavat pratibhAsamAnaM ghaTapaTAdikaM sarva zUnyarUpamiti pratipAdayana zUnyavAdI prakSipyate / yataH jJAnAtirikta bAhya padArtha sattAmantareNa ayaM ghaTa: ayaM paTaH ityeva paraspara vilakSaNAkAreNa jJAnasya pratibhAsaH kathaM bhavet, tathA bAhya padArtha sattAyA Rte svapna pratibhAso'pi na syAt / anubhUta padArthasyaiva tatra pratibhAsanAt nAnanubhUtasya / tasmAt bAhya padArthasattA svIkartavyA bhavati // 10 //

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bhyAyaratna : nyAyaralAvalI TIkA: prathama adhyAya, sUtra 10 satrArtha-zAna ke svarUpa se bhinna jI bAhya padArtha hai vaha para hai / kyoMki jJAna ise jAna kara hI pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai / svarUpa ko jAnakara jJAna meM pramANatA nahIM mAnI gaI hai / / 10 // hindI vyAkhyA- pramANa kA lakSaNa karate samaya jo jJAna kA vizeSaNabhUta para zabda hai, usakA vAcyArtha satya rUpa se prakaTa karane ke liye hI sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra kA kathana kiyA hai| sva zabda se jJAna kA svarUpa aura para zabda se jJAna svarUpa se bhinna ghaTa-paTAdi padArtha kahe gaye haiM, aura ye para zabda se isa liye gRhIta kiye gaye haiM, ki kitane anya siddhAntakAra jaise ki jJAnAddha tavAdI aisA mAnate haiM ki jo bhI pratibhAsita hotA hai-jJAna ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai - vaha saba jJAna ko svarUpa kI taraha jJAna rUpa hI haiM jJAna se atirikta svatantra padArtha koI nahIM hai, ataH ghaTa-paTAdi rUpa se unakI svatantra sattA siddha nahIM hotI hai / mAdhyamika saMpradAya vAle yogAcAra aisA kahate haiM, ki ye ghaTa-paTAdi rUpa se pratibhAsita hone bAle saba padArtha svapna pratibhAsa kI taraha asatvarUpa hI haiN| jisaprakAra svapna meM nAnA prakAra ke padArthoM kA pratibhAsa hotA hai, para jagane para eka bhI mAna-TraSTa padArtha kA astitva pratIti meM nahIM AtA hai| kintu kha (gagana) kI taraha ve saba ganyampa se hI jJAta hote haiN| so aisI mAnyatAoM ko haTAne ke liye hI satrakAra ne isa satra kA svatantra rUpa se nirmANa kiyA hai / isa sUtra dvArA sabala yuktiyoM se yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jJAna se bhinna jJeya padArtha haiM aura ve satsvarUpa hI haiM, asatsvarUpa nahIM aura na jJAnasvarUpa hI haiM / isa taraha jJAna aura jJAna se atirikta ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM kI sattA maujUda hone se jJAna aura jJa yarUpa do tattva haiM / aisA mAnanA cAhiye / ataH jJAna hI vAstavika tattva hai / jJAna se atirikta pratibhAsita hotA haA jo ghaTa paTAdi pa bAhya padArtha haiM baha jJAna kA hI AkAra vizeSa hai| isa taraha se anitya jJAnAda labAdI yogAcAra kA jo mata hai vaha isa pada ke rakhane se nirasta ho jAtA hai| kyoMki jJAna se atirikta ghaTa-paTa Adi bAhya padArtha kI sattA ke vinA "yaha ghaTa hai, yaha paTa hai" isa taraha paraspara bhinna-bhinna rUpa se jJAna kA pratibhAma bana nahIM sakatA hai aura pratibhAsa to jJAna meM hotA hai stavika rUpa se ghaTa-paTa Adi vibhinna padArthoM kI sattA mAnanI cAhiye aura isa taraha ke pratibhAsa hone meM paraspara bhinna-bhinna sattA vAle padArthoM ko hetu mAnanA cAhiye / yadi isa para yaha kahA jAya ki anAdi kAla se aisI hI vAsanA calI A rahI hai ki jisakI vajaha se "yaha ghaTa hai, yaha paTa hai" ityAdi rUpa se jJAna ho jAtA hai to isa para yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki vaha bAsanA jJAna se abhinna hai yA bhinna hai? yadi bAsanA ko jJAna se abhinna mAnA jAya to jJAna aura bAsanA aisI do cIjeM siddha nahIM ho sakatI ; kyoMki abhinnatA meM eka tAttvika jJAna kI hI siddha hogI / bAsanA kI svatantra siddhi nahIM ho skegii| ata: akiJcitkara usa vAsanA ke vaza se jJAna ke dvArA ghaTa-paTa Adi rUpa se bhinna-bhinna AkAra kA pratibhAsa hotA hai, aisA kathana zobhAspada nahIM ho sktaa| yadi jJAna se vAsanA ko bhinna mAnA jAya to isa pakSa meM eka jJAnAdata hI hai aisA pakSa bhaGga ho jAtA hai kyoMki jJAna se atirikta eka vAsanA kI bhI svatantra sattA siddha ho jAtI hai / ataH ina sanna doSoM se bacane ke liye bAhya ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM kI svatantra sattA ko svIkAra karanA cAhiye / isa sUtra kA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki anya kitane hI siddhAntakAroM kI bAhya ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM kI mAnyatA meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI kalpanAe~ haiM / ataH una saba kalpanAoM ko haTAne ke liye vAhya ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha vAstavika haiM, svapnopama padArtha jaise nahIM hai aura na ve jJAnasvarUpa haiM / isa bAta ko sAbita karane ke liye isa stra kI sUtrakAra ne racanA kI hai / / 10 /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sUtra11-12 |17 zAna meM sva-para-vyavasAyatva kA samarthana sUtra-jhAnasya svaparAvabhAsakatvameva svapara-vyavasAyaH / / 11 / / saMskRta TIkA-jAne kA svapara-vyavasAyatAstIti zaGkA nirasituM sUtrakAramlAM spaSTayatisvaM jJAnaM paraH jJeyArthaH tayoravabhAsakatvam-prakAzanama- anubhavaviSayIkaraNameva svapa vyavasAyaH, yathA ravikiraNaH svataH prakAzazIlatvAt svaM prakAzayati bAhya ghaTa-paTAdi padArthAnapi prakAzayati / evameva jJAnamapi "ghaTamahamAtmanA veni" ityAkAraka bodhe ghaTavat jJAnamapi bhAsate / sUtrArtha-jJAna meM svapara kI avabhAsakatA hI svapara vyavasAya hai / hindI vyAkhyA-jAna jaba apanI ora unmukha hotA hai naba vaha apane ko jAnatA hai| yahI jJAna meM svavyavasAya hai aura jaba vaha padArtha kI ora unmukha hotA hai taba baha padArtha ko jAnatA hai yahI paravyavasAya hai / isa taraha se ravikiraNa kI taraha jJAna meM svapara-prakAzakatA hai| jJAna AtmA kA eka prakAza rUpa guNa hai ataH vaha sUryakiraNa kI taraha svayaM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai, aura ghaTa-paTAdi padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai / sUryakiraNoM ko jAnane ke liye loka meM dUsare prakANazIla padArthoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki ve svayaM prakAzazIla haiN| isI taraha ava "ghaTamahamAtmanA veni" maiM mA se ghaTa ko jAnatA hai, aisI pratIti hotI hai taba ghaTa kI taraha isa pratIti meM jJAna kI bhI pratIti hotI hai| isa taraha se sUtrakAra ne jJAna meM sva-para vyavasAyatA kA samarthana kiyA hai| aisA jAnanA cAhiye / / 11 / / jJAna meM pramANatA kA kathana sUtra--pratimAtaviSayAvyabhicAritvaM prAmANyam / / 12 / / sUtrArya-prameya padArtha jaisA hai use usI rUpa se jAnanA yahI pratibhAtaviSayAvyabhicAritva hai, yahI jJAna meM pramANatA hai| saMskRta TokA-jJAnaM pramANamiti yadukta tatra prAmANyaM kimiti jijJAsAyAM pratibhAtaviSayAvyabhicAritva prAmANyamAha-evaM ca-anyUnamananiriktam aviparyayaM nissaMdehaM padArthasya vedanameva prAmANyam idameva ca pratibhAtaviSayAvyabhicAritvamasti / evaJca yajjJAnaM kadAcidapi prameyaM na vyabhicarati tadeva jJAna pramANampaM bhavati / arthAt yena pratyakSAdinA jJAnena yadvastu yena svarUpeNopagataM jJAtaM bhavati tadvastu yadi tenaiva svarUpeNa upagatam upalabdhaM bhavati, tadA tajjJAnaM pramANaM bhavati yathA satya rajatAdi jAnam / etabhinnasvarUpamaprAmANyam // 12 // hindI vyAkhyA-jJAna ke dvArA viSaya kiyA gayA prameya jaisA jJAna ne jAnA hai yadi usI rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai, na kamatI hotA hai, na bar3hatI hotA hai, na viparItatA se yukta hotA hai| kisI bhI prakAra kA jisameM sandeha nahIM rahatA hai| to aisA hI jJAna pramANa mAnA gayA hai / parantu yahA~ para jo "pratibhAta viSayAvyabhicAritvaM prAmANyam" aisA kahA gayA hai vaha vyAvahArika dRSTi ko lekara kahA gayA hai| yadi jJAna ne jisa padArtha ko jisa rUpa se apanA viSaya banAyA hai vaha padArtha uttarakAla meM yadi usI taraha se upalabdha hotA hai, to vaha jJAna pramANa mAnA jAtA hai / jJAna ne jisa par3I huI kAlI patalI rassI ko dUra se dekhakara sarpa jAnA hai aura uttarakAla meM yadi sarparUpa se upalabdha nahIM hotI hai to baha jJAna pramANa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki aisA vaha jJAna pratibhAna viSaya ke dvArA avyabhicArI nahIM huA hai pratyuna vyabhicArI nyA0 TI0.3

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nyAyaratna : myAgraratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sUtra 13 hI ho gayA hai| isI taraha se padArtha kA nyUnavedana, padArtha kA atiriktavedana, aura sandehayuktavedana ye saba vedana pratibhAtavipaya ke avyabhicArI nahIM hote haiN| isIliye padArtha kA jo svarUpa hai, padArtha jisa svarUpa se yukta hai usa padArtha ko usI rUpa se jAnane vAlA jJAna hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| jaisA satyarajata kA jJAna / padArtha jJAna meM pramANatA kA kathana sva ko jAnane kI apekSA se hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki samasta hI jJAna apane svarUpa ke jJAtA hote haiM / para jo padArtha jaisA hai yadi jJAna ne usa padArtha ko vaisA hI jAmA hai aura jAnA huA vaha padArtha vyavahAra kAla meM vaisA hI prApta hotA hai to yahI jJAna meM pramANatA kA khyApaka hai / isI kAraNa pratibhAtaviSayAvyabhicAritva prAmANya kahA gayA hai, isa lakSaNa se hIna aprAmANya hotA hai / / 1 / / pramANa kI utpatti aura jJapti kA kathana sUtra-tadutpattI parata eva sva nizcaye tu abhyAsAnabhyAsApekSayA svataH paratazcaH / / 13 / / sUtrArtha-yaha abhI-abhI prakaTa kara diyA gayA hai ki jJAna meM pramANatA evaM apramANatA kyA hai| isakI utpatti aura jJapti ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAeM haiM / jJAna meM pramANatA kI utpatti svataH hotI hai tathA agramANatA kI utpatti parataH hI hotI hai--omI mAnyatA mImAMsakoM ko hai| sAMkhya siddhAnta kI mAnyatA donoM kI utpatti svataH hI hotI hai, aisI hai| jaina paramparA pramANa aura apramANa kI utpatti parataH hI hotI hai, aisI hai aura aimI hI mAnyatA bauddhoM kI bhI hai, tathA donoM kI zakti abhyAsa dazA meM svataH aura anabhyAsa dazA meM parataH hotI hai / isI sambandha meM yaha sUtra kahA gayA hai| saMskRta TIkA-jJAnagata prAmANyAprAmANye utpasau parata eva. saptau tu abhyAsAnabhyAsadazApekSayA svataH parataH, jJAna janaka sAmagrito bhinna sAmagyA janyatvaM parataratvaM, jJAnajanakasAmagrI mAtra janyatvaM svatastvaM / yadi jJAnagata prAmApyaM rakSatarAva itparamAna zyAta tahi jJAnotpAdaka hetvanatirikta janyatvena saMzayAdAvapi prAmANyaM syAt yadi pramANabhUtaM jJAnaM viziSTaM jJAnaM, bhavati lenahi, asyotpattI jJAna sAmAnya sAmanyApekSayA kAcid viziSTA sAmagrI evajanikA mntvyaa| yathA saMzayAdi jJAnAna! janikA sAmagrI viziSTA manyate / anyathA pramANApramANa vibhAgAbhAvaH syAt, jJAnagata prAmANyasya nizcayastu abhyAsa dazAyAM svataH anabhyAsadaNAyAma-aparicitasthAnApekSAyAM parataH // 13 / / hindI vyAkhyA-jima kAraNoM me jJAna uttAna hotA hai, unhIM kAraNoM se jJAna meM pramANatA kA utpana honA isI kA nAma svatastva hai / yadi aisI bAta mAnI jAve to phira samyagjJAna aura mithyAjJAna meM koI antara nahIM honA cAhiye / parantu antara to spaSTa hai / ataH isase yahI mAnanA cAhiye ki jJAna meM pramANatA yA apramANatA kI utpatti parataH hI hotI hai| arthAt jJAna ko utpanna karane vAlI jo sAmagrI hai, kevala vahI sAmagrI jJAna meM pramANatA kI janaka nahIM hai| isase viziSTa sAmagrI hI pramANatA kI janaka hai| kyoMki pramANabhUta jJAna aura apramANabhUta jJAna ye do bhinna-bhinna jJAna haiN| ataH rakta vastra aura zubhra vastra kI janaka sAmagrI jaisI bhinna-bhinna hotI hai baimI hI inakI janaka sAmagrI bhI bhinna-bhinna hI hotI hai / jisa sAmagrI ne-cakSurAdi kAraNoM meM jJAna ko utpanna kiyA hai-usI sAmagrI ne usa zAna meM pramANatA ko utpanna kara diyA hai aisI bAta nahIM hai| kintu cakSa Adi indriyoM kI nirmalatArUpa jo bhinna sAmagrI hai usake dvArA hI jJAna meM pramANatA utpanna huI hai| jisa prakAra cakSa rAdi indriyoM kI abhilattArUpa kAtra kAmalAdi doSa jJAna meM apramANatA ke janaka hote mAne gaye haiM usI prakAra se cakSurAdigata nirmalatA Adi guNa jJAna meM pramANatA

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : prathama adhyAya, sutra 13 ke janaka mAne gaye haiM / ataH utpatti kI apekSA pramANatA aura apramANatA jJAna meM para se hI-indriyoM kI nirmalatA Adi rUpa aura anirmalatA Adi rUpa anya kAraNoM se hI-hotI hai| aisA mAnanA caahiye| yahI bAta "jJAnajanaka sAmagrI to "bhinna sAmagyA janyatvaM paratastvam" isa vAkya dvArA samajhAI gaI hai| jina kAraNoM se jJAna kA nizcaya hotA hai unhI kAraNoM se jJAnagata prAmANya kI jJapti bhI ho jAtI hai| jaise ki jo jalajJAna mujhe utpanna huA hai, vaha bilakula pramANabhUta hI utpanna huA hai so aisI yaha jJAnagata prAmANya kI svataH jJapti abhyAsa dazA kI apekSA se hotI kahI gayI hai, anabhyAsa dazA kI apekSA se nahIM, kyoMki anabhyAsa dazA meM utpanna hue jJAna meM pramANatA kI jJapti jJAna ke jJApaka se bhinna jJApaka dvArA hotI hai| yadi anabhyAsa dazA meM jAyamAna jJAna meM pramANatA kI zakti svataH hone lage to phira uttarakAla meM jo aisA saMzaya hotA hai, ki jo jalajJAna mujhe utpanna huA hai, vaha satyarUpa meM jala hai yA maramarIcikA hai ? phira vaha Age jalAdi kI upalabdhi se usakA nizcaya karatA hai| ataH yaha prAmANya kI jJapti amabhyAsa dazA kI apekSA parataH huI hI mAnI gaI hai // 13 // // prathama adhyAya samApta //

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dvitIya adhyAya pramANa ke do bheda: sUtra-pratyakSaparokSabhevAstApramANaM dvividham // 1 // saMskRta TIkA-prathamAdhyAye tAvatpramANasvarUpaM nirUpitam / samprati--asmin dvitIye'dhyAye pramANavizeSarUpaM pratyakSa pramANaM prarUpayituM prathamaM pramANabhedaM nirUpayati-pratyakSa-parokSa bhedAdityAdi, tathA ca pUrvokta jJAnAtmaka pramANa pratyakSaparokSabhedAd dvividhaM vartate / vizada pratibhAsatvaM pratyakSatvam--- yasya jJAnasya pratibhAso vizado bhavati tadeva jJAnaM pratyakSamiti, natu indriyAdhInatayA jAyamAnaM jJAnaM pratyakSa tasya parokSatvAt / akSazabdasyAtmavAcakatayA akSam AtmAnaM pratigataM sahAyIkRtya jAyamAnaM-- jJAnaM pratyakSamiti vyutpatta: / narmalyameva jJAne pratyakSatva prayojakam / indriyajanyaM tu jJAnam aupacArika pratyakSam // 1 // sUtrArtha-prathama adhyAya meM jisakA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai aisA vaha jJAnAtmaka pramANa pratyakSa aura parokSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-prathama adhyAya meM pramANa ke svarUpa kA varNana acchI taraha se kiyA jA cukA hai| isa dvitIya adhyAga meM aba sUtrakAra ne pratyakSa pramANa kA kyA svarUpa hai, isakI prarUpaNA karane ke liye sarvaprathama unhoMne pramANa ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| pramANa do prakAra kA hai-eka pratyakSa pramANa aura dUsarA parokSa pramANa / jisa jJAna kA pratibhAsa vizada hotA hai, vahI pratyakSa pramANa hai / indriyoM kI sahAyatA se utpanna huA jJAna pratyakSa nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA jJAna parokSa mAnA gayA hai / jo kevala akSaAtmA kI sahAyatA lekara hI utpanna hotA hai, vahI pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai / jJAna meM pratyakSatA kA prayojaka vizada pratibhAsa hai, na ki indriyoM se usakA utpanna honA / hA~, jo indriyajanya jJAna hai use upacAra se pratyakSa kaha diyA jAye to isameM koI vivAda nahIM hai| prazna-pramANoM kI saMkhyA to aneka prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai-jaise koI eka pramANa mAnatA hai, koI do pramANa mAnatA hai| koI tIna pramANa mAnatA hai| koI cAra pramANa mAnatA hai| koI pA~ca pramANa mAnatA hai| aura koI chaH pramANa mAnatA hai / to aisI sthiti meM "dvividham" aisA kahanA ApakA kaise upAdeya mAnA jA sakatA hai ? . uttara-pramANa to pratyakSa aura parokSa ke bheda se do hI prakAra ke haiN| inase atirikta aura pramANa ke bheda nahIM haiN| hA~, anya siddhAntakAroM ne jo pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna, arthApatti aura abhAva ye pramANa mAne haiM, una sabakA antarbhAva inhIM do pramANoM meM ho jAtA hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa 20

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| 21 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TokA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 1 Age ke prakaraNa meM kiyA jaavegaa| isa taraha pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do hI pramANa hai, na inase adhika haiM na inase kama haiN| prazna-cArvAka ne to eka pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnA hai| parokSa ko pramANa nahIM mAnA hai| phira ApakA kathana kase yukta mAnA jA sakatA hai ? uttara-cArvAka ne to pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnA hai, para tarka ke bala se use anumAna pramANa mAnanA pdd'egaa| anyathA vaha pratyakSa hI eka pramANa hai, anya pramANa nahIM hai yaha apanA kathana kame pramANita kara sakatA hai ? isa sambandha meM aura bhI vistAra ke sAtha anya dArzanika granthoM meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai tathA hama bhI Age vivecana karane vAle haiN| ataH vahIM se yaha viSaya vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa ho jaavegaa| prazna-anumAna ko pramANa mAna lene para parokSapramANa mAna lene kI bAta isase kaise ghaTita hotI hai ? uttara-anumAna yaha parokSapramANa kA hI eka bheda hai / ataH isakI svIkRti se parokSapramANa mAnane kI bAta siddha ho jAtI hai / prazna-biga-kina dArzanikoM ne vitane-kitane pramANa mAne haiM, yaha hameM samajhAyeMge kyA ? uttara-kyoM nahIM, suniye--cArvAka eka pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnatA hai| pratyakSa aura anumAna do pramANa bauddha aura vaizaSika mAnate haiN| pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda (Agama) ye tIna hI pramANa haiM, aisA sAMkhya mAnate haiM / pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama aura upamAna ye cAra hI pramANa haiM aisA naiyAyika mAnate haiN| pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna aura arthApatti ye pA~ca hI pramANa haiM aisA mImAMsaka mAnate haiN| pUrvokta pA~ca aura abhAva (anupalabdhi) ye chaH hI pramANa haiM, aisA bhaTTa vedAntI mAnate haiN| pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do pramANa jaina dArzanika mAnate haiN| cArvAko'dhyakSameka sugatakaNabhujau sAnumAnaM sazabda tahataM pAramArSaH sahitamupamayA tattrayaM cAkSapAdaH // arthApattyA prabhAkRd vadati sa nikhilaM manyate bhaTTa etat sAbhAvaM, 2 pramANe jinapati samaye spaSTato'spaSTatazca / / 1 / / prazna-jana bhinna-bhinna dArzanikoM ne pUrvoktarUpa se pramANa sakhyA batalAI hai to phira use Apane pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa meM se kisa pramANa meM antarbhUta kiyA hai ? usara-sUtrakAra jaba parokSa pramANa kA svarUpa kathana kareMge taba vahA~ isakA ve kayana kareMge ki smRti, pratyabhijJAna, takaM, anumAna aura Agama ye parokSa pramANa ke 5 bheda haiN| inameM pUrvokta arthApatti kA samAveza anumAna pramANa meM, aura upamAna pramANa kA samAveza pratyabhijJAna meM ho jAtA hai, abhAva meM svatantrarUpa se pramANatA banatI nahIM hai| ataH pramANatA meM ise sthAna prApta nahIM hotA hai / rahI cArvAka ke pratyakSa kI bAta so usakA antarbhAva pratyakSa meM hI ho jAtA hai| prazna-Apane jo aisA kahA hai ki kevala Atma mAtra kI sahAyatA se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vahI pratyakSa hai to isase to yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki indriyoM se jAyamAna jJAna parokSa hai / usara-hA~, indriyoM se jAyamAna jJAna parokSa hI hai|

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nyAyarazna : nyAyaraznAvalI TIkA dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 2 prazna- to phira jo kahIM-kahIM pratyakSa kahA gayA hai vaha kyoM kahA gayA hai ? uttara- indriyajanya jJAna ko jo pratyakSa kahA gayA hai - vaha upacAra se hI kahA gayA hai| vAstavika rUpa se nahIM / upacAra kA kAraNa usameM ekadeza se vizadatA kA hotA hai| yahI bAta "indriyajanyaM tu jJAnamaupacArikaM pratyakSam " isa pada dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai || 1 | sUtra - vizavAtmasvarUpaM jJAnaM pratyakSam ||2|| 22 / saMskRta TIkA - jJAnAvaraNasya kSayAt viziSTa kSayopazamAdvA yasya jJAnasya AtmasvarUpam -- AtmaprakAzaH vizavaM nirmalaM bhavati tadeva jJAnaM pratyakSaM nAnyat / jJAnapadena sAMkhyaparikalpita zrotrAdi vRttiH pratyakSamiti nirastam / pratyakSaM lakSyaM vizadAtmasvarUpaM jJAnaM lakSaNam / pratyakSatvAditi hetuH svayaM mUAH kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM pratyakSamiti lakSaNaM tIrthAntarIyAbhimatam etena nirasyate // 2 // | sUtrArtha - vizada AtmasvarUpa bAlA jJAna pratyakSa kahA gayA hai / hindI vyAkhyA- jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se athavA viziSTa kSayopazama se jJAna meM jo nirmalatA AtI hai, usI kA nAma vizadatA hai, aura isa vizadatA se nirmalatA rUpa AtmasvarUpa se yukta jo jJAna hai, vahI pratyakSa hai | yahA~ jJAna pada se sAMkhyakAroM ne jo zrotrAdi indriyoM kI vRtti ko pratyakSa mAnA hai usakA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai| pratyakSa yaha lakSya hai- kyoMki jisakA lakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha lakSya kahalAtA hai / yahA~ "vizadAtmaka svarUpam" aisA lakSaNa pratyakSa kA kiyA gayA hai tathA jo apane lakSya ko dUsaroM se mila karatA hai, vaha lakSaNa hotA hai / jaise agni kA lakSaNa jaba uSNa sparza kiyA jAtA hai to yaha lakSaNa agni ko pAnI Adi se bhinna karA detA hai / isI prakAra yahA~ jo pratyakSa kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI isa lakSaNa se zUnya jo bhI jJAna hoMge ve saba pratyakSa nahIM haiM, aisA prakaTa kara unase apane lakSya ko bhinna karatA hai | sAkhyasammata pratyakSa kA lakSaNa sadoSa isalie hai ki jaba zrotrAdi indriyoM svayaM prakRti ke vikAra rUpa haiM to unakI jo vRtti hai vaha bhI jar3arUpa hI hogI / ataH vaha pratyakSasvarUpa nahIM ho sakatI / yahA~ para anumAna prayoga "vizadAtmasvarUpaM jJAnaM pratyakSaM pratyakSasvAt " isa prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| prazna- yahA~ para "pratyakSatvAt" aisA jo Apa sUtra meM nahIM kahe gaye hetu kA prayoga kara rahe ho so yaha pratijJAta artha kA ekadeza hone se asiddha hai - alaH asiddha hetu se sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai ? uttara--yaha to hama mAnate haiM ki asiddha hetu apane sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM sarvathA akSama hotA hai / para yahA~ jo 'pratyakSatvAt' hetu kahA gayA hai vaha asiddha nahIM hai pratyuta siddha hI hai / pratijJAtAthaikadeza hone se koI bhI hetu asiddha nahIM hotA hai / yadi aisA niyama mAnA jAve to pratijJA kA eka deza dharmI bhI hotA hai para vaha to siddha hI hotA hai / asiddha nahIM hotA hai| rahI sAdhya kI bAta so vaha pratijJA kA ekadeza hone se asiddha nahIM kahA jAtA hai / pratyuta vaha svabhAvataH hI asiddha hotA hai / tabhI to jAkara usakI apane pakSa meM hetu dvArA siddhi kI jAtI hai| yahA~ "pratyakSam " vaha dharmI hai "vizadAtmasvarUpaM jJAnam" yaha sAdhya hai, aura "pratyakSatvAt" yaha hetu hai / dharmIrUpa meM jo pratyakSa hai vaha vivakSita hone se vizeSa rUpa hai, aura "pratyakSatvAt" yaha sAmAnyarUpa se hetu hai / sAmAnya apane sakala vizeSoM meM rahatA hai| isameM to kisI ko vivAda hI nahIM hai / ataH hetu asiddha nahIM hai /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 3 |23 prazna-hetu jaba apane anvaya dRSTAnta se rahita hotA hai to vaha ananvaya doSa mAnA jAtA hai yahA~ para "pratyakSatvAt" yaha hetu bhI aisA hI hai / uttara-aisA ekAnta niyama nahIM hai ki hetu anvaya dRSTAnta se yukta hone para hI svasAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai, jahA~ para hetu sapakSavRtti vAlA nahIM hotA hai, vahA~ para antApti ke bala se hI apane sAdhya kA gamaka ho jAyA karatA hai| yahA~ para bhI yaha hetu attApti vAlA hai| kyoMki pakSa meM hI bAdhya sAdhana kI jo vyApti grahaNa kI jAtI hai vahI antayApti hai pakSa meM hI sAdhya sAdhana kI vyApni isaliye gRhIta ho jAtI hai ki sapakSa meM hetu kA sadbhAva nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / yahA~ vipakSa parokSa hai, usameM vizadAtmasvarUpa jJAna kA abhAva hai, ataH vahA~ pratyakSatA nahIM hai / ataH yaha pratyakSatA birAdAtmantra rUpa jJAna meM hI siddha hotI hai| prazna-"kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM pratyakSam" isa pratyakSa ke lakSaNa' ko jaina-dAnikoM ne svIkAra kyoM nahIM kiyA? tara-yaha to pahale hI spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki jo jJAna sva-para nizcayAtmaka hotA hai vahI pramANa hotA hai / bauddhasammata yaha pratyakSa kA lakSaNa aimA nahIM hai, ataH use jaina-dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa kSaNa pa se svIkata nahIM kiyA hai| isI taraha aura bhI jilane anya dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa ke lakSaNa kahe haiM, ve yadi isa lakSaNa se Aligita haiM, to nirdoSa haiM, nahIM to sadoSa haiM -omA samajhanA cAhie / ataH pratyakSa kA yaha lakSaNa sarvathA nirdoSa hai kyoMki isameM na lakSaNagana dopa haiM aura na hetugata doga haiM |saa sUtra-anumAnAdhasabhavi narmalyaM vaizadham / / 3 / / saMskRta TIkA-yannamalyam anumAnAdibAneSu saMbhavati arthAt parokSa-pramANau~pAM niyatarUpasaMsthAnAdyAkArANAM spaSTatayA pratibhAsana na bhavati teSAmapi viSANAM niyatasaMsthAnAdInAM yena pratibhAsanena yat prakAzane bhavati tadeva baizAma svarUpApekSayA sarva jJAnaM vizadameva parisTarUpatayA svarUpasya sarvajJAnAnAM svasaMvedane pratibhAsanAt bahirarthastu kepAMcit jJAnAnAM parisphuTarUpatayA pratibhAni, keSAJcitta, tadviparItayA, atastadapekSayA teSAM vaizadyAvaizaye pratipataye / sUtrArtha- anumAna Adi parokSa pramANoM meM nahIM saMbhAvita hone vAlI jo nirmalatA hai usI kA nAma vaizadya hai| hinyo vyAkhyA-sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra dvArA pratyakSa pramANa ke lakSaNa meM kahI gaI vizadatA kA svarUpa samajhAyA hai / yaha to spaSTa hai ki anumAna, Agama Adi parokSa pramANoM dvArA samajhI huI vastu meM spaSTatArUpa pratibhAsa kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai / jaba gurujana apane ziSya ko aisI bAta samajhAte haiM kidhUma hone se parvata meM agni hai / ziSya guru kI isa bAta ko bAra-bAra sunakara agni aura dhUma kA atinAbhAva sambandha jAna letA hai / vaha jaba kabhI parvatAdi pradeza meM dhUma ko dekhatA hai to usa sambandha kA smaraNa kara vaha yaha jAna letA hai ki yahAM para agni avazya hai kyoMki dhUma nikala rahA hai / aba yahAM para jo ziSya ko parokSabhUta agni kA jJAna haA hai vaha aspaSTa hai, nirmalatA se rahita hai| kyoMki use yaha jJAna agni ke sambandha meM nahIM ho pAyA hai ki yaha agni pattoM kI hai, yA kASTha yA kaMDoM kI hai| sAmAnya se hI use dhamaliGgadvArA agni kA jJAna huA hai| parantu jana vahI ziSya parvata para pahu~ca kara uma para agni ko dekhatA hai, to vaha pahale anumAnAdi dvArA batalAI gaI usa agni ke sambandha meM aba

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nyAya ratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 4-5 vizeSa jJAnavAlA bana jAtA hai / vaha jAna letA hai ki yaha agni pattoM kI hai athavA lakar3I va kaMDoM kI hai / yahI bAta "teSAmapi vizeSANAM niyata saMsthAnAdInAM yena pratibhAsanena yat prakAzanaM bhavati" isa pATha dvArA spaSTa kI gaI hai| isa prakAra se parokSa pramANa kI apekSA pratyakSa pramANa meM jo vaha spaSTatA prakaTa kI gaI hai, vaha kevala samajhAne ke liye kI gaI hai kyoMki indriyajanya jJAna to saba hI parokSa mAne gaye haiM / pAramArthika pratyakSa nahIM mAne gaye haiN| hAM, loka vyavahAra ko lakSya meM rakhakara unheM sAMbyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA hai / isI kAraNa indriyajanya jJAna meM apane-apane AvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama ke anusAra spaSTatA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / svarUpa kI apekSA vicAra karane para to jitane bhI jJAna haiM, ve saba hI vizadAtmaka haiM kyoMki svasaMvedana meM samasta jJAnoM kA svarUpa parisphuTa rUpa se pratibhAsika hotA hai / parantu kitane hI jJAna aise haiM ki jinameM bahirarthamita mAse pratibhArita hotA hai aura kitane hI jJAna aise haiM ki jinameM bahirartha parisphuTa rUpa se pratibhAsita nahIM hotA / ataH jJAna meM vaidya aura avaizava kA vicAra vAhyArtha kI apekSA se kiyA gayA jAnanA cAhiye / yahirartha grahNApekSayA hi vijJAnAnAM pratyakSatara vyapadezaH tatra pramANAntara vyavadhAnAcyavadhAna sadbhAvena vaizAtara sambhavAt natu svarUpagrahaNApekSayA tatra tadabhAvAt-prameya kamala mArtaNDaH // 3 / / / sUtra--sAMvyavahArika pAramAthikAbhyAM pratyakSa dvividham // 4 // saMskRta TIkA-saMvyavahAre niyuktaM sAMvyavahArika gauNaM pratyakSamityarthaH taccandriyAnindriya pratyakSam indriyANAM cakSurAdInAna anindriyasya ca manasaH kAryam aMzato vizadaM vijJAnaM tala sAMvyavahArika pratyakSama bAhyendriya sAmagrI sApekSatvAt etat pratyakSam apAramAthika nigadittam avadhi-manaHparyaya-kebalAkhya pratyakSaM pAramArthika pratyakSa' bAhyendriyAdi sAmagrI nirapekSAtmamAtrajanyatvAta atIndriya pratyakSamapi etad nigadyate svasaMvedanaM pratyakSa svasthapratyakSe'ntarbhAvAtsvatanyatA nA'si atastanoktam / / 4 // sUtrArtha-jisakA lakSaNa vaizaya kahA gayA hai aisA vaha pratyakSa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura pAramAthika pratyakSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-jo jJAna indriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai, vaha ekadeNa se vizada hone ke kAraNa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai| bAdhArahita pravatti aura nivatti kAvya vyabahAra kA nAma hI saMvyavahAra hai / isa saMvyavahArarUpa prayojana meM jo niyukta hotA hai, arthAta yaha saMvyavahAra jisake bala para calatA hai, aise saMvyavahArarUpa prayojana vAlA jo pratyakSa hai, vahIM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai / ise mukhya pratyakSa nahIM mAnA gayA hai kintu gauNa pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai / isakA kAraNa yahI hai, ki yaha indriyoM se evaM mana se utpanna hotA hai ataH isameM aMzataH vizadatA rahatI hai| avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye saba pAramArthika mukhya pratyakSa hai kyoMki ve indriyAdi sAmagrI se nirapekSa AtmamAtra se hI utpanna hote haiN| pAramArthika pratyakSa kA dUsarA nAma atIndriyapratyakSa bhI hai / isa atIndriyapratyakSa se hI sarvajJa kI siddhi hotI hai| svasaMvedanapratyakSa kA yadi vaha indriyajajJAna kA svasaMvadena hai to usakA antarbhAva indriyajajJAmapratyakSa meM. anindriyajasakhAdi saMvedanarUpa hai. no anindrijapratyakSa meM aura yadi vaha yogipratyakSa kA svasaMvedana hai, to yogipratyakSa meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| ataH ghaha svatantra rUpa se pratyakSa nahIM mAnA gayA hai / isaliye use yahA~ nahIM kahA hai // 4|| sUtra-idriyAnindriyaja vezato vizadaM sAMvyavahArikam / / 5 / / saMskRta TIkA-sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa dvividhamindriya jAnindriya bhedAn, na cAva sAMvyavahAri

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bhyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 6 | 25 kasya pratyakSasya sAmagrI nirUpaNamayuktamasAdhAraNasyaiva tat kAraNasyAtra vavatumiSTatvAt / etenAtmanaH tatpratyasAdhAraNa kAraNatA pratyuttA pratyAntare'pi aspa sadbhAvAt / arthAlokayostu tatkAraNatvameva nAsti vyabhicArAt / tatrendriyaprAdhAnyAt manonimittAt jAyamAnaM dezato vizadaM jJAnada indriyajaM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSam / karmaNaH kSayopazamAjjAyamAnayAvizuddha yopalakSitena kevalaM manasA jAyamAnaM dezato vizadaM jJAnamanindriyajaM sAMvyavahArikam / / 5 / / sUtrArtha-cakSurAdika indriyoM se aura anindriya-mana se padArtha kA jo ekadeNa nirmalatA liye hue jJAna hotA hai vaha sanyavahA reta mAyA hai| vaha pAMcavahArika pratyakSa indriyaja aura anindriyaja ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / / 5 / / hindI vyAlyA--indriyajanya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM indriyoM kI pradhAnatA-amAdhAraNa kAraNatA rahatI hai, evaM mana kI sahAyatA rahatI hai| pratyeka indriya jo apane-apane viSaya kA mana kI sahAyatA se ekaTeza vizada jJAna karatI hai, vaha indriyaja pratyakSa hai| tathA anindriyA pratyakSa meM kevala karma ke kSayopazama se jAyamAna vizuddhi se upalakSita mana kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| prama sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kA kAraNa jaisA Apane indriA aura anindriya ko batalAyA hai usI prakAra se AtmA ko bhI batalAnA cAhiye thA mo ise Apane isake kAraNa ke prasaGga meM kyoM nahIM batalAyA? uttara-yahA~ para sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke prati jo asAdhAraNa kAraNa haiM, unako hI batalAnA iSTa hai-sAdhAraNa kAraNa ko nahIM / AtmA sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai| kyoMki vaha anya pratyayoM ke sAtha bhI rahatI hai| prazna--sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM jisa taraha indriyAdi kAraNa haiN| usI prakAra se artha-padArtha evaM Aloka-prakAza Adi bhI kAraNa haiM / to phira inakA ullekha Apane kyoM nahIM kiyA ? utsara-jena dArzanikoM ne yaha prabala yuktiyoM dvArA samarthita kiyA hai, ki jJAna ke prati artha evaM Aloka kAraNa nahIM hote haiN| kyoMki inheM kAraNa mAnane para anvaya vyabhicAra aura vyatireka vyabhicAra donoM prakAra ke vyabhicAra Ate haiM / aisA niyama nahIM banatA hai, ki artha aura Aloka ke hone para hI jJAna ho aura inake abhAva meM jJAna na ho| rAtri meM calane vAle ullU Adi pakSiyoM ko Aloka ke abhAva meM bhI padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai, evaM Aloka ke sadbhAva meM use jJAna nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra kezoM meM macchara kA jJAna ho jAyA karatA hai| yahI bAta "arthAlokayostatvAraNatvameva nAsti" isa pATha dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai| sUtra-zrotrAdibhedAjjJAnendriyANi paJca ||6|| saMskRta TIkA-zrotracakSaNiramanAsparzanAnIndriyANi jJAnajanakatvAt jJAnendriyANi, paJcaiva tAni bhavanti / tenAtra karmendriyANAM nirAso jAyate / indrasya jIvasyAtmano liGgam avinAbhAvisattA sUcanAt indriyamucyate, ataeva zrotrAdinA kAryajanane cetanasyAtmanaH sattA'numitAti / / 6 / / sUtrArtha-zrotra, cakSa , ghrANa, rasanA aura sparzana ye pA~ca indriyA~ haiM / hindI vyAkhyA--zrotrAdi ye pA~ca indriyAM jJAnajanaka hone se jJAnendriyA~ kahI gaI haiN| ye indriyAM pAMca hI hotI haiM / indra nAma AtmA kA hai / AtmA kI sattA ina indriyoM se hI sUcita hotI hai| isaliye nyA0 TI04

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gyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 7 inheM AtmA kA cihna mAnA gayA hai| yadi ye indriyoM na hoM to saMsArI AtmA zabdAdi viSayoM ke grahaNa karane meM pravRtta nahIM ho sakatI hai / ataH inake dvArA apane-apane viSaya ko grahaNa karane se AtmA kI sattA anumitA hotI hai| prazna---indriyA~ to 10 mAnI gaI haiM, phira yahA~ 5 hI indriyA~ haiM / aisA kyoM kahA? uttara- yahA~ jJAnendriyoM kA prakaraNa cala rahA hai / ataH jJAnendriyA~ pA~ca hI haiM / aisA kahA gayA hai| bAk, pANi, pAda, 'pAyu aura upastha ye karmasAdhaka indriyA~ haiM / ataH unakA yahA~ prakaraNa nahIM hai| prazna-ina zrotrAdi ko indriya kyoM kahA gayA hai ? uttara-sparzana Adi ko indriya rUpa se kahane ke aneka kAraNa haiN| jinakA saMketa "indrasya jIvasyAtmano liGgam indriya' isa upalakSaNarUpa pada se kara diyA gayA hai| saMsArI AtmA ko se bukta rahatA hai / ataH vaha svayaM padArthoM ko jAnane meM asamartha rahatA hai. so vaha ina indriyoM dvArA hI unheM jAnatA hai / isa taraha se ye lIna-sUkSma AtmA rUpa-artha ko batAtI hai isaliye inheM indriya kahA gayA hai / prazna-phira mana ko nidriya kyoM mahAyogiyoM kI taraha vaha bhI AtmA ke astitva kA gamaka hai? uttara-ThIka hai| phira bhI mana ko jo anindriya kahA gayA hai, vaha sarvathA indriya ke pratiSedha hone se nahIM kahA gayA hai| kintu indriyoM ke jaisA vaha nahIM hai| isaliye mana ko anindriya kahA gayA hai| tAtparya kahane kA yaha hai, ki pratyeka zrotrAdi indriyAM jisa prakAra apane-apane vartamAnakAlika pratiniyata dezasthita viSaya ko hI grahaNa karatI haiM umI taraha se yaha mana vartamAnakAlika pratiniyata dezasthita viSaya ko hI grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| kintu bhUtakAlikAdi anatiniyata dezasthita padArya ko bhI grahaNa karatA hai| indriyoM meM amUrta padAvoM ko grahaNa karane kI zakti nahIM hai para yaha use bhI grahaNa kara letA hai / mana kA kAma to vicAra karane kA hai| cAhe vaha padArtha indriyoM kA viSaya huA hA yA na huA ho phira bhI yaha mana usa sambandha meM vicAra to karatA hI hai| isI kAraNa ise anindriya-ISadindriya kahA gayA hai / isa para aura bhI vizeSa vicAra siddhAntakAroM ne kiyA hai, para bAlakopayogI na hone se isa grantha meM use isake vistRta ho jAne ke bhaya se nahIM likhA hai / / 6 / / sUtra-dravyabhAvabhedArapratyekamindriyaM dvividham // 7 // __ saMskRta TokA-indriyasya lakSaNaM pratipAdyAdhunA nasyabhedI pratipAdyate-dravyendriyaM ca bhAvendriyaM ceti / tathA ca zrotrAdiSu pratyekamindriyaM dravyendriya bhAvendriyarUpeNa dviprakArakaM bhavati / ye AtmapradezAH pudgalAzca tattadindriyAkAreNa vyavasthitAH tadeva dravyendriyam / kSayopagama vizeSAjjApa mAno jJAnadarzanarUpa AtmapariNAmo bhAvendriyam / evaM tra karNa zAkruSi-nakSagolaka-nAsApuTa-jihvAtvacArUpaM dravyendriyamabaseyam / etad dravyendriyaM nittyupakaraNa bhedAd dvividham / nirvaniracanA indriyAkArA yA racanA tadeva nirvRttirUpa dravyendriyam / bAhyAbhyantara nivRttibhedAt ni tirUpaM dravyendriyaM dvividham / indriyAkAreNa ye pudgalA racitAH santi tadabAba nivRttirUpa dravyendriyam / indriyAkAreNa cace AtmanadezA: pariNatAH manti tadAbhyantara nirvRttirUpa dravyendriyam / yadyapi pratiniyatendriya sambandhi jJAnAbaraNa-darzanAvaraNayoH karmaNoH kSayopazamaH sarvAGgabhUto bhavati - tathApyaGgopAGganAmakarmaNa udayAd yatra pudgala pracayAtmakasya tasya dravyendriyasya racanA bhavitumahIM tatratyeSveva AtmapradezeSu tatadindriya sampAyakAryakAraNasya sAmarthya

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a madhan nyAyaratna : bhyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 7 jAvatenAnyatra / upakAra-prayojakasAdhanamatropakaraNazabdenAbhihitam / upakaraNarUpaM dravyendriyamapi bAhyAbhyantaropakaraNabhedAda dvividham / yathA nayane kRSNazuklamaNDalamAbhyantaropakaraNam akSipatrapakSmadvayA dirUpa paMca bAhyamupakaraNam / evaM zeSeSvapi indriyeSu jJAtavyam / ___labdhyupayogabhedAd bhAvendriyamapi dvividham / matijJAnAvaraNa cakSudarzanAvaraNAcakSurdarzanAcaraNakarmakSayopazamAjjAyamAnamAtmani jAnadarzanarUpa-sAmayaM -labdhirUpaM bhArendriyam, etacca sarvAtmapradezeSu vartamAnamuktam / kSayopazamasya sarvAGgarUpeNa sadbhAvAt / labdhyupakaraNanitInAM sadbhAve sati viSayeSu jAyamAmA pravRttirUpa yogarUpaM bhavendriyam / dravyendriyasya pudgalAtmakatva kathanena bhinna jAtIyebhyaH pRthivyAdibhyazcakSurAdInAmAvirbhAva pratipAdanaM girataM jJAtavyam / / 7 / / sUtrArtha- dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya ke bheda se pratyeka indriya do-do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| hindI vyAkhyA-indriya kA lakSaNa vAhakara sUtrakAra ne unake dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya ke bheda se do-do bheda hama sutra dvArA pratipAdita kiye haiN| isa taraha zrogrendriya, cakSuindriya Adi pAMcoM hI indriyA~ dravya aura bhAvendriya rUpa se do-do prakAra kI haiM, yaha bAta samarthita ho jAtI hai / inameM dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya kA svarUpa prabATa karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM, ki jo pudgana aura Atmapradeza bhinnabhinna indriyAkAra se ratnA vAle ho rahe haiM, vaha dravyendriya hai| tathA kSayopazamaviNeparUpa meM hone vAlA jo AtmA kA jJAna-darzanastApa pariNAma hai, vaha bhAvendriya hai| karNazAkUlIpa zrotrendriya, cakSugolaka rUpa nendriya. tAsApuTarUpa prANendriya, jihvArUpa rasanendriya aura tvacArUpa sparzanendriya ye santra dravyendriya haiN| yaha dravyendriya ni ti dravyendriya aura upakaraNa dradhyendriya ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai| niyaMti nAma racanA kA hai / indriyAkAra jo racanA hai, vaha nirvRtti dravyendriya hai, aura yaha karNazapkUlI Adi rUpa hotI hai| yaha nirvRtti bAhyanirvRtti aura Abhyantara nivRtti isa taraha se do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| pudgaloM kI jo bhinna-bhinna indriyarUpa me racanA ho rahI hai, vaha vAhyanivani hai evaM AtmA ke pradezoM kI jo indriyAkArarUpa se racanA ho rahI hai, vaha abhyantara nivRtti hai yadyapi pratiniyata indriya sambandhI jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama sarbAGga hotA hai, tathApi aGgopAGga nAmakarma ke udayAnusAra ho jahA~ pudgala prcyph| jisa dravyendriya kI racanA honI hotI hai vahIM ke AtmapradezoM meM usa-usa indriya ke kArya karane kI kSamatA hotI hai, anyatra nhiiN| upakAra kA prayojaka sAdhana upakaraNa zabda se liyA gayA hai, ataH upakaraNarUpa jo dravyendriya hai, vaha bhI bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se do prakAra kI hai| A~kha meM jaise kRSNa zukla maNDala yaha Abhyantara upakaraNa hai aura bAhara meM jo akSipatra pakSma Adi rUpa hai, vaha bAhya upakaraNa hai| isI taraha kA kathana zeSa indriyoM meM bhI kara lenA cAhiye / labdhi aura upayoga ke bheda se bhADendriya bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai / matijJAnAvaraNa, cakSadarzanAvaraNa aura acakSu darzanAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama ko lekara jo AtmA meM zAnadarzanarUpa zakti utpanna hotI hai, vaha labdhirUpa bhAvendriya hai| yaha labdhirUpa bhAvendriya AtmA ke samasta pradezoM meM vidyamAna rahatI hai| kyoMki kSayopazama sarvAGga hotA hai tathA-labdhi, niti aura upakaraNa ina tInoM ke hone para jo viSayoM kA jAnanA hotA hai, vaha upayogarUpa bhAvendriya hai, bAyanivRtirUpa dravyendriya ko jo pudgalasvarUpa rUpa, rasa, ganna aura sparza guNayukta pugalAtmaka kahA gayA hai| usase "bhinna jAtIya pRthivyAdikoM se inakA AvirbhAva hotA hai| aisA mAnane bAle naiyAyika ke siddhAnta kA nirasana ho jAtA hai tathA sAMkhya kA yaha kathana ki indriyoM kA AvirbhAva ahaGkAra se hotA hai, isakA nirasana ho jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM carcA madhyamA parIkSA vAle nyAyaratna ke anuvAda meM kI jaavegii| yaha prathamA parIkSopayogI /

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28 nyAyAla : zAyarattAmA TIkA :ni lagAya, na hai| ataH isameM yaha vistRta carcA nahIM kI hai| kevala TIkA kI antima paMkti se isakI sUcanA hI dI gayI hai| prANarasanacakSustvaka zrotrAgoniyANi bhUtebhyaH-jyAyasUtra 1/1/12 // pRthivyaptejovAyUnAM nAgarasamavaNaH sparzanendripabhAvaH / / nANedriya kI utpatti pRthivI se hotI hai, rasanendriya kI utpatti jala se hotI hai, cakSurindriya kI utpatti teja se hotI hai, sparzandriya kI utpatti vAyu se hotI hai, zrotrendriya kI utpatti AkAza se hotI hai aisI inakI mAnyatA hai| prakRtemahAna tatohArastasmAgaNazcayoDazakA, tasmAdapi SoDazakAspaJcabhyaH panca bhuutaami| abhimAmIhaGkArastasmAd dvividhiH pravartate sargaH, aindriya ekAdazakaH tanmAtrA paJcakazcaiva / / - iti sAMkhyakArikA / ahaGkAra rUpa abhimAna se solaha gaNa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / solaha gaNa isa prakAra se haiM, 5 bhUta, 5 indriya, 5 tanmAtrA aura 1 mana | isa kathana ke anusAra sAMkhya ke yahA~ para indriyoM kA AvirbhAva ahaGkAra me huA mAnA gayA hai / / 7 / / sUtra-dvividhapi sAMvyavahArika pratyakSam avagrahehAvAyadhAraNA mevAt catuHprakArakam // 6 // saMskRta kokA-ndriyajAnindriyajabhedAtsAMvyavahArika pratyakSaM dvividhamiti pratipAditam / tadeva pratyekam avahelAvAyadhAraNAbhedAt caturvidhamastIti pratipAdyate'nena sUtreNa / tathAcendriyanibandhanaM sAMvyavahArikam anindriyanibandhanaM ca sAMvyavahArika pratyakSam / avagrahAdibhedAt caturbhedaviziSTaM jJAtavyam / ete'vagrahAdayo babAdi padArthaviSayakA bhavanti |||| nArtha-donoM prakAra kA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke bheda se cAra-cAra prakAra kA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-mAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke eka indriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura dUsarA anindriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa isa prakAra se do bheda prakaTa kiye gaye haiN| unameM indriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa cAra prakAra kA hai, aura anindriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa bhI cAra prakAra kA hai| jaise kisI padArtha kA vyakta padArtha kA hara eka indriya evaM mana se avagraharUpa bhI jJAna hotA hai, IhArUpa bhI jJAna hotA hai, avAyarUpa bhI jJAna hotA hai, aura dhAraNArUpa bhI jJAna hotA hai| isI taraha se kevala mana ke viSayabhUta bane hue padArtha meM bhI avagrahAdi rUpa jJAna hotA hai / avagrahAdi ke viSayabhuta padArtha bahu, bahuvidha, kSipra, anisRta, anukta, dhruva, eka, ekavidha, akSipra, nisRta, ukta aura adhruva ke bheda se 12 prakAra ke hote haiN| aisA niyama hai ki abagraha ke viSayabhUta bane hae padArtha meM hI IhA, abAya aura dhAraNA rUpa jJAna hote haiM aura ye aba grahAdi rUpa cAroM prakAra ke jJAna una brahmAdi padArthoM meM pA~ca indriya aura mana se hote haiN| isa taraha se matijJAna ke 288 bheda ho jAte haiN| inameM vyaJjanAvagraha ke 48 bheda sammilita nahIM haiN| prazna-vyaJjanAvagraha kA kyA matalaba hai? uttara-ina bahu Adi padArthoM meM jaba avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye cAroM jJAna pravRtta hote haiM taba ye bahu Adi padArtha "artha" kahalAte haiM, aura jinameM kevala avagraha hI jJAna hotA hai vaha 1. inabhedoM kA artha jAnane ke liye anyatra dekho|

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 6 | 26 vyaJjana kahalAtA hai| kyoMki jaba taka sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura zrotra kA viSaya ina indriyoM ke sAtha spRSTa hotA huA bhI avyakta rahatA hai taba taka vaha vyaJjana kahalAtA hai, aura isa vyaJjana padArtha kevala avagraha rUpa hI jJAna hotA hai IhAdirUpa jJAna nahIM hotA aura yaha vyaJjana kA avagraharUpa jJAna aprApyakArI hone ke kAraNa cakSu aura mana se nahIM hotA hai / ataH yaha bahu Adi 12 prakAra ke padArthoM kA vyaJjanAvagraha 4 hI indriyoM se janya hone ke kAraNa 48 bheda vAlA hotA hai| isa taraha arthAvagraha ke 288 aura vyaJjanAvagraha ke 48 bheda milAne se sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke 336 bheda ho jAte haiN| prazna--- 336 bheda to sUtra meM kAhe nahIM gaye haiM phira Apane inheM kaise prakaTa kiyA hai ? uttara-~vAla to ThIka hai| yahA~ to bhUla rUpa se sAMbyabahArika pratyakSa ke avagrahAdi 4 bheda hI prakaTa kiye gaye haiN| parantu inhIM bhAra bhedoM para se ye 336 bheda phalita hue haiM, so yaha saba viSaya Upara meM spaSTa hI kara diyA gayA hai| ataH Apako santoSa kara lenA cAhiye / prazna-jisa prakAra Apane arthAvagraha aura vyaJjanAbagraha aise do bheda avagraha ke kiye haiM to kyA isI prakAra se 'arthahA eva vyajanehA' Adi rUpa se bheda IhA Adi jJAnoM ke bhI hote haiM ? uttara-IhA Adi zAnI ke isa prakAra sa bhada nahI hote haiN| avagraha ke hI ye bheda hote haiN| kyoMki vyaJjana padArtha meM anagraha ke sivAya IhA Adi jJAna udbhUta nahIM hote haiM / sUtra-viSaya-viyi sambandhodbhUta darzanAnantarAvAntarasattAviziSTavastu grahaNamavagrahaH / / 6 / / saMskRta TokA-pUrvamUtranirdiSTeSu avagrahAdi catuSu prathamoktam avagraha lazayitu viSayaviSayItyAdi sUtramAha--tathA ca viSayaH sAmAnya vizeSAtmako jJeya padArthaH, viSayI cakSa rAdIndriyAdi samUhaH tayoH yaH sambandhaH-yogyatA lakSaNaH, natu saMyogAdi rUpaH, tasmin sati prathamam utpannaM yat sanmAtradarzanamsattAmAtra viSayaM darzanam-asti ki svid ityevaM sanmAtra viSayakaM nirAkAra jJAnam-tadanantarabhAvi yada avAntara mattayA manuSyatvAdi jAtyA viziSTasya manuSyAdervastuno grahaNaM tad avagrahaH / sattA mAtra viSayaka darzanameva ava graharUpatayA pariNamati / / 6 / / sUtrArtha-viSaya aura viSayI ke yogyatA lakSaNarUpa sambandha hone para utpanna hue darzana ke bAda jo abAntara sattAviziSTa vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai usI kA nAma avagraha hai / / / / hindI vyAkhyA-pUrvasUtra meM jo avagrahAdi cAra jJAna prakaTa kiye gaye haiM, unameM sarvaprathama jo avagraha kA pATha AyA hai. usake lakSaNa ke sambandha meM sUtrakAra kahate haiM, ki-cakSurAdi indriyoM kA apanIapanI yogyatA ke anusAra jo apane viSayabhUta jJeya padArthoM ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, usa samaya sarvaprathama kevala usa padArtha kI sattA mAtra kI hI pratIti hotI hai, isI kA nAma darzana hai| isa darzana ke bAda hI yaha kucha hai-isa prakAra ke nirAkAra jJAna ke bAda hI-abAntara sattAviziSTa manuSya Adi vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai-arthAt yaha manuSya hai.--aisA jo sAkAra jJAna hotA hai, usI kA nAma avagraha hai| isa taraha darzana hI avagraha jJAna rUpa se pariNama jAtA hai| prazna-avAntara sattA kA artha kyA hai ? uttara-bhinna-bhinna padArthoM kI jo sattA hai vahI avAntara sattA hai| jaise-dravyatva ko yadi hama 1. tadanantara bhUtaM sanmAtra darzanaM sva viSaya vyavasthApana vikalpam uttara pariNAma pratipadyane avagrahaH / -nyAya kumudacandra 116 pRSThe /

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30 / nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 10-11-12 mahAsattA mAne to jIvatva avAntara sattA rUpa hogA / aura jaba jIvatva ko mahAsattA mAneMge, to manuSyatva avAntara sattA rUpa hogA, ityAdi / isa taraha darzana ke bAda hone vAlA avAntara sattAviziSTa vastu grahaNa avagraha kA lakSaNa nirdoSa hai / sUtra-avagraha gRhotArthodbhUta saMzaya nirAsAya yatna IhA / / 10 / / saMskRta TIkA-avagraheNa yoDoM yahIto yathA'yaM puruSa iti natra kimaya "gurjaradezIyaH, utAho mahArASTiyaH" ityetaM vizeSa dharmatya koTika saMzayAnantaram anena gurjaradezIyena bhavitavyamityevam IhArUpa jJAnaM jAyate / tasmAd IhayA saMzaye sati jAyamAnayA saMzayo nirasyate-nirNayAbhimulI pravRttizca jnyte| IhA yadyapi ceSTocyate tathApi cetanasya seti kRtvA jJAnarUpaivetti yuktaM pratyakSa bhedlbmsyaaH| na ca vAcyaM pUrNa nirNayo nAnayA janyate kathamasyAH pramANatvamiti / sva viSaya nirNaya rUpatvAt // 10 // sUtrArtha-avagraha se gRhIta artha meM udbhUta saMzaya ko dUra karane ke lie jo nirNayAbhimukhI pravRtti hotI hai, usakA nAma IhA hai / hindI vyAkhyA-jaise yaha puruSa hai / isa prakAra kA jo avagraha jJAna hotA hai, usa jJAna ke anannara kyA yaha gujarAta kA hai, yA mahArASTra kA hai, isa prakAra kA ubhayakoTi ko sparza karane vAlA saMzaya hotA hai| isa saMzaya ko dUra karane ke liye phira aisI gaveSaNA hotI hai ki yaha gujarAta kA honA cAhie / yadyapi isa jJAna meM pUrNarUpa se nirNaya nahIM hotA hai / parantu phira bhI nirNaya kI ora hI isakA jhukAva hai| yaha IhArUpa ceSTA cetana kI hotI hai, isIlie ise jJAnarUpa kahA gayA hai aura ise apane viSaya kA isI jhapa meM nirNaya karane vAlA hone se pramANampa mAnA gayA hai / / 10 / / sUtra-Ihara bhAvita vizeSAvadhAraNamavAyaH // 11 / / saMskata TokA-anena gurjaradezIyena bhavitavyamityevaM rUpeNa jAyamAnayA IhayA bhAvitoviSayIkRto yo'rthastasya vizeSarUpeNa avadhAraNAtmako'vAyo bhavati yathA'yaM gurjaradezIya eva / hindI vyAkhyA-IhA ke dvArA viSayabhUta hue, artha kA vizeSa rUpa se nirNaya karane vAlA jo jJAna hai usI kA nAma avAya hai / jaise---jaba IhA ne yaha jAnA ki yaha manupya gujarAtI honA caahie| taba usakI bhASA Adi sunakara jo aisA nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki yaha gujarAtI hai / isI jJAna kA nAma avAya hai| sUtra-kAlAntarAvismaraNa hetu rdhAraNA / / 12 // saMskRta TIkA-pUrvokta svarUpojyAya eva yadA dRr3hatarAvasthA yukto bhavati tadA sa Atmani etAdRzaM saMsvAraM janayati yena kAlAntare'pi "saH' evaM rUpaM smaraNajJAna janyate / sa saMskAra eva dhAraNA. taduktamanyatrApi dhAraNA smRtihetu riti / eteSAM jJAnAnAmaya mebotpattikamaH, abhyasta viSaye yadeSAmutpattikramAnupa lakSaNaM tat tatra teSAmAzUtpAda eva kAraNa "darzanasyottapariNAmo'vagrahaH, asyottarapariNAma IhA, asyA uttarapariNAmo'cAyaH, asyottara pariNAmazca dhAraNA' evaM rUpeNA' kathaJcidekatvaM vyapadezabhedena ca kAthaJcidbhinnatvamAryam // 12 // sUtrArtha-kAlAntara meM jo smaraNa jJAna kA hetu hotA hai vahI dhAraNA kA svarUpa hai| dhAraNA ke binA jAne gaye padArtha kA smaraNa kathamapi nahIM ho sakatA hai / / 12 / /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaralAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 13 hinvI zyAkhyA--jisakA svarUpa prakaTa kara diyA gayA hai, aisA avAyarUpajJAna ho jaba dRr3hatara avasthA vAlA ho jAtA hai, taba vaha mAtmA meM eka aisA saMskAra utpanna kara detA hai ki jisakI vajaha se AtmA pUrvadRSTa' padArtha kA kAlAntara meM bhI smaraNa karatA hai / smaraNa kA AkAra "vaha" aisA kahA gayA hai / yahI bAta anyatra bhI kahI gaI hai| ina jJAnoM kA utpatti-krama aisA hI hai / pahale darNana hotA hai, phira avagraharUpa jJAna hotA hai, avagraha se jAne gaye padArtha meM utpanna hue saMzaya ko dUra karane ke lie, IhA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, IhA ke viSayabhUta padArtha ko nizcaya karane vAlA avAyajJAna hotA hai| aura abAya dvArA jAne gaye padArtha kA kAlAntara meM smaraNa hotA rahe, isake lie dhAraNA jJAna hotA hai / abhyasta viSaya meM--- paricita sthAna Adi meM-jo isa prakAra se isakA utpatti-krama jAnane meM nahIM AnA hai, umakA kAraNa inakA vahA~ para zIghratA se utpAda ho jAnA hI hai| isa taraha se avagrahAdi jJAna eka hI vastu meM hote haiM / aisA nahIM hai ki kisI vastu kA avagraharUpa jJAna ho aura kisI kA IhAdi rUpa jJAna ho / cetanarUpa AtmA kA hI yaha yogyatA ke baza se uttarottara meM avagrahAdi rUpa upayogavizeSa hotA hai| darzana kA uttarapariNAma avagraha, isakA uttarapariNAma IhA, IhA kA uttarapariNAma avAya, aura avAya kAhI uttarapariNAma dhAraNA hai / isa taraha se vicAra karane para api inameM kathaMcid abhinnatA AtI hai, parantu phira bhI inameM saMjJA bheda se hI bhinnatA hai, aisA mAnanA cAhie // 12 // sUtra-kramikAvibhUtadarzanAvaraNAvi karmakSayopazamajanyatvenaiSAmukta kramavatvaM nobedviSaya vyavasthA'bhAvaH / / 13 / / ___ saMskRta TIkA--- "darzanAvagrahAdiktakramavatvaM kathaM jAyate" ityAdirekA nivRttyartha midaM praNItaM mUtrakRtA / tathA ca darzanAvagrahAdiSu purvokta amavattvaM kramikAvirbhUta darzanAvaraNAdi karmakSayopazama janyatvAt / viSaya-viSayi-sambandhAnantaraM yadeva bastu darzanena satvasAmAnyarUpatayA jJAyate tadanantaraM tadeva avagnaheNa manuSyatvAdi rUpAvantara sattAviziSTa jJAyate, tadanannaraM jAyamAnena saMzayenAnizcitarUpatayA saMdihyate, tato nizcayAbhimukhI pravRttirUpayA IhyA Ihyate / tato nizcayAkAraNAvAyenAvayate pazcAt kAlAntare avismRtirUpatayA dhAraNayA dhAryate / evaMvidho younubhUyate krama eteSu, sa kAraNa kramapUrvaka eva, kAryakramasya kAraNa kramapUrvakatva darzanAt, kAraNaRmazca darzanAvaraNAdyAvaraNa kSayopazamarUpo'tra, ato yena krameNa darzanAbaraNAdyAbaraNa kSayopazamaH saMbhavati tenaiva krameNa ete darzanAvagrahAdaya utpadyante, ato'tra kramabattvaM nAsiddham, evamevaiteSu parampara bhinnatvamapi asAkalpanApi utpadyamAnatvAt, viSayasADUryamapi nAsti apUrvApUrva sva-svaviSaya grAhakatvAt / kramAlApe viSaya vyavasthAbhAvaprasaGgaH syAt / / sumArtha apane-apane AvAraka karmoM kA bhayopazama kramazaH hotA hai, aura usI kSayopazama ke kramAnusAra ina darzanAdikoM kI utpatti hotI hai / isalie inameM RmikatA siddha mAnI gaI hai| hindI vyAkhyA-yaha bAta saGketa rUpa se Upara prakaTa kara dI gaI hai ki ina darzana avagrahAdirUpa jJAnoM kI utpatti kramazaH hotI hai| aba sUtradhAra isI krama kA yuktipurassara vicAra kara rahe haiMisameM unhoMne yaha samajhAyA hai, ki darNana, avagraha, saMzaya, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA isa krama se jo ye utpanna hote hai mo isa kramika utpatti kA kAraNa apane apane AvAraka karmoM kA kSayopazama krama hai| viSaya 1. isake lie dekho-nyAyakumudacandra pR0 173 tathA pramANa bhImAmA pR0 22

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32] nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, satra 13 aura viSayI kA yogyadezAvasthAnAdirUpa yogyatA ko lekara jo sambandha hotA hai, usa samaya vastu kevala sattvasAmAnya viziSTa hI darzana ke dvArA jAnI jAtI hai| isake bAda avagraha jJAna ke dvArA vahI vastu avAntara sattA se viziSTa jAnI jAtI hai / isake bAda nizcayataH udbhUta hue saMzaya ko haTAne ke liye nizcaya kI ora jhukAva vAlA IhA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, aura vaha apane pada ke anusAra usakI gaveSaNA karatA hai / isake bAda IhA ke dvArA kI gaI gaveSaNA ko yathArthatA kA rUpa dene ke liye avAyajJAna pravRtta hotA hai| bAda meM kAlAntara meM bhI usa bastu kI smRti AtI rahe, vaha vastu jJAtA ke citta se uttara na jAve isake liye dhAraNA usa vastu ko jJAtA ke citta meM dar3ha rUpa se jamA detI hai| isa prakAra kA Rma inakI utpatti kA jo svAnabhava ke gocara pratyeka prANI ko hotA hai-vaha kAraNa-krama ko lekara / inakA kAraNa aise hI krama vAlA hai| ataH kArya meM kaimatA mAraNama ke hI anusAra AtI hai| darzanAvaraNAdi jo ino AvaraNa karane vAle karma haiM, unakA kSayopazama inakA utpAdaka hotA hai| so inakA kSayopazama isI krama se hotA hai, ataH ye isI nAma se hote haiN| darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se darzana aura jJAnAvaragIya karma ke nayo gama se avagrahAdi bhapa jJAna hote haiM / prazna- kyA ye anagrahAdi eka vastu meM samasta rUpa meM hote haiM yA kucha kama bhI hote haiM ? uttara-yaha to jJAtA ke kSayopazama ke Upara AdhArita hai| yadi mAtA ko icachA padArthako sAmAnya rUpa se hI jAnane kI hai, to vahA~ kevala kSayopazamAnusAra use darzana mAtra hokara raha jAvegA, aura yadi avAntarasattA se vizisTa jAnane kI hai, to vahA~ use darzana, avagraha ye do jJAna kSayopazama ke anusAra ho jaayeNge| isI prakAra se baha yadi apane jAnane kI pravRtti ko Age bar3hAtA hai, to usa samaya use aisA niyamataH saMzaya hogA ki yaha manuSya kahIM kA hai, kyA madeza kA hai, yA gurjara deza kA hai ? usI samaya gaveSaNA karane meM vaha AjAvegA, aura vicAramagna hokara socane lagegA, ki ise gurjara deza kA nivAsI honA caahiye| bAta-cIta ke prasaGga meM baha jaba usakI bhASA para dhyAna detA hai to gUrjara deza kI bhASA kA prayoktA use dekhakara hI vaha isa bAta kA nizcaya kara baiThatA hai ki avazya hI vaha gurjara deza kI bhASA kA prayoktA hone se ahamadAbAda kA nivAsI hI hai / aba jaba-jaba vaha use dekhatA hai to yahI nizcaya kara letA hai ki yaha ahamadAbAda kA hI nivAsI hai yA vaha use apane sthAna para rahate hue bhI jo yAda AtA rahatA hai, isakA kAraNa vahI dhAraNA hai, ki jisane usakI AtmA para aise saMskAra kI chApa jamA dI hai, ki jisake kAraNa vaha kAlAntara meM bhI use yAda AtA rahatA hai / isa taraha se ina jJAnoM kA udaya eka AtmA meM samasta rUpa se bhI hotA hai. aura vyastarUpa se bhI hotA hai / isI se darzana avagrahAdikoM meM paraspara bhinnatA bhI siddha hotI hai| tathA ye avagrahAdirUpa eka hI vastu ko jAnane ke sambandha meM pravRta hote haiN| phira bhI inameM viSayasAMkarya nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki inakA viSaya apUrva-apUrva hotA hai / jo darzana kA viSaya hai, vaha avagraha kA nahIM hai, jo avagraha kA viSaya hai baha IhA kI nahIM hai, jo IhA kA viSaya hai vaha avAya kA nahIM hai, aura jo avAya kA hai vaha dhAraNA kA nahIM hai| kintu darzana ne jisa viSaya ko kevala sattva sAmAnya rUpa se dRSTipatha kiyA hai / usI viSaya ko andagraha ne vizeSa rUpa se viSaya kiyA hai kyoMki ina saba jhAnoM ke viSaya hI aise haiM jo eka dUsare ke biSaya se milAna nahIM khAte haiN| isa taraha apUrva-apUrva viSaya kI vyavasthA karane vAle hone ke kAraNa inake dvArA gRhIta viSaya meM kathamapi saMkaratA nahIM AtI hai| aisA jAnanA caahie|

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 14 1 33 prazna-jaisA krama inakI utpatti kA Apane prakaTa kiyA hai yadi inakI utpatti kA vaha krama na mAnA jAve no kyA hAni hai ? hameM aisA anubhava meM to nahIM AtA hai ki pahale darzana huA, usake bAda avagraha huA, phira IhA jJAna huA, phira avAya huA aura phira dhAraNA huii| kyoMki padArtha ko dekhate hI usakA spaSTa bodha ho jAtA hai| uttara--yaha pahale prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki jo viSaya abhyasta hotA hai usake jAnane meM inakA utpAda Rma anubhava meM nahIM AtA hai, jisa prakAra sAlika sAr3ane para usake DoroM ke phaTane kA krama anubhava meM nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki hamArA jJAna kSAyopazamika jJAna hai aura usameM itano sUkSma bAta ko jAnane kI zakti nahIM hai| parantu yaha to mAnanA hI cAhie ki zATikA ke sabhI Dore eka sAya nahIM phaTe haiM, eka ke bAda eka rUpa meM hI phaTe haiM / isI prakAra abhyasta viSaya meM inakA utpAda itanI zIghratA se hotA hai, ki vaha hameM anubhava meM nahIM AtA hai / anubhava meM nahIM Ane se kisI bhI sadbhAvarUpa vastu kA apalApa to kiyA nahIM jA sakatA hai, nahIM to phira sUkSmAdi padArthoM ke bhI apalApa karane kA prasaMga prApta hogaa|haa jo viSaya anabhyasta haiM unameM inakI utpatti kA kAla Rma to anubhava meM AtA hI hai| tabhI to jJAna meM pramANatA kI jJapti anabhyasta viSaya meM parataH kahI gaI hai / ataH yaha svIkAra karanA cAhie ki jaba taka padArtha kA santAvalokanarUpa darzana nahIM hotA hai taba taka avagraha kA janma nahIM ho sakatA hai, aura avagraha ke janma ke abhAva meM saMzaya kI utpatti na ho sakane se gaveSaNA-mArgaNA karane rUpa IhA kA prAdurbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| aura jaba IhA kA hI utpAdana hogA taba phira nizcayAtmaka avAya kI utpatti kA bhI abhAva ho jAyagA, aura smRti kI kAraNabhUta dhAraNA ke abhAva meM viSaya vyavasthA na ho sakane ke kAraNa sAMsArika samasta vyavahAra kA uccheda ho jaaygaa| ataH ina samasta doSoM kI Apatti se sAMsArika vyavahAra vyAkulita na bana jAye isake lie inakI utpatti kA krama jaisA kahA gayA hai vaisA hI mAnanA cAhie ||13|| sUtra-dvividhamatIndriyajJAnaM pAramArthika pratyakSam // 14 // saMskRta TIkA-yajjJAnamindriyAdi nimitta na bhavati kevalamAtmanimitta bhavati tadeva jJAnamatIndriya kathyate, idameva pAramArthika pratyakSa-mukhyaM pratyakSamityAdi zabdairvyavalliyate-tathA ca jIvadravya mAtramAdhisya jAyamAnaM jJAnaM pAramANika pratyakSamiti, sakalavikalabhedAttadvividham tatra katipaya viSayaM vikala tadapi dvividham avadhijJAnaM manaHparyayajJAnaM ceti / tatra vIryAntarAya kSayopazama sahakRtAdavadhijJAnAvaraNa kSayopazamAjjAtaM rUpidravya viSayaM mavaguNapratyayamavadhijJAnam / vIrvAnta rAya kSayopazama sahakRtAtmanaHparyaya jJAnAvaraNa kSayopazamAjjAtaM manodravyaparyAyaviSayakaM manaHparyayajJAnam / nikhilAvaraNavimuktaM sarvadravya paryAya viSayaka kevalajJAnaM sakalapratyakSam / sakalatAvikalatA cAtra viSayakRtA / natu vaizadyakRtA, svasvaviSaye'zeSataH sarveSAM narmalyAt / hindI vyAkhyA-jo jJAna indriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA se nahIM hotA hai, kintu kevala prAtmA kI sahAyatA se hI hotA hai, vahIM pAramArthika pratyakSa hai / yaha pAramArthika pratyakSa sakalapratyakSa aura vikalapratyakSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / isI pAramArthika pratyakSa kA kahIM-kahIM mukhyapratyakSa aisA dUsarA nAma bhI vyavahata huA hai / jo jJAna dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdA lekara kevala rUpI dravya ko hI spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA hai. vaha vikalapratyakSa hai| avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna ye do vikalapratyakSa haiN| vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama mahakRta avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna nyA. dI 5 .

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raja 1 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 15 hokara jo rUpa, rasa, gantra evaM sparza guNa vAle pudgala dravya ko spaSTa jAnatA hai, vaha avadhijJAna hai / yaha avadhijJAna bhavapratyayika aura guNapratyadhika isa rUpa se do prakAra kA hotA hai / bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna deva aura nAraka paryAya ke jIvoM ko apane-apane bhava meM utpana hote ho hA jAtA hai / yahA~ para isa avadhijJAna ko prApta karane ke lie manuSyAdi paryAya kI taraha napasyA karake avadhijJAnAvaraNakarma kara antire nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, pratyuta jIva kA usa bhava meM janma viziSTa huA, ki pakSI ko AkAza meM ur3ane kI taraha avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se yaha jJAna vahA~ use prApta ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa ise bhavapratyayika kahA hai / usa gati meM janma lenA isI kA nAma bhava hai, aura yaha bhaSa hI jisa avavijJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa par3atA hai vaha bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / prazna - zAstra - Agama granthoM meM to aisA kahA gayA hai ki avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai phira yahA~ avadhijJAna kI utpatti bhavapratyayika kyoM kahI gaI hai ? uttara - bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna bhI avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se hI hotA hai| parantu isa kSayopazama kA kAraNa yahA~ bhana hI hotA hai. vrata niyama Adi nhiiN| jisa prakAra pakSiyoM ko AkAza meM ur3ane kI zikSA nahIM lenI par3atI hai, ve to svabhAva se hI ur3ane lagate haiM, kyoMki yaha unakA paryAyagata dharma hai| isI prakAra bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna bhI hotA hai / isa taraha isa avadhijJAna kI utpatti meM bhava hI pradhAna kAraNa par3atA hai| ataH yaha bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna kahA gayA hai / guNapratyaya avadhijJAna kA nAma hI kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna hai / yaha avadhijJAna manuSya aura tiryagati ke jIvoM ko hotA hai aura vrata niyamAdi kI ArAdhanA se jAyamAna, avadhijJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se hotA hai / mana:paryayajJAna vIryAntarAyakarma ke kSayopazama se sahakRta manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se hotA hai, aura yaha cintana vyApRta saMjJipaJcendriya ke manodravya kI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / kevalajJAna sakalapratyakSa hai / yaha jJAna samasta vAtiyarUpa AvaraNa karma ke kSaya hote hI utpanna hotA hai| yaha rUpI dravya aura arUpI dravya ko yugapat unakI ananta paryAyoM sahita jAnatA hai / kevalajJAna meM sakalapratyakSatA aura avadhi - manaH payajJAna meM vikalapratyakSatA yaha apane-apane viSaya ko hI lekara hai, vaizadya ko lekara nahIM hai / jitanI vizadatA se kevalajJAna apane viSaya ko jAnatA hai, utanI hI vizadatA se avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna bhI apane-apane viSaya ko mUrta (rUpI) padArtha ko dravya-kSa trAdi kI maryAdA lekara jAnate haiM / / 14 / / sUtra - sarvajJasyAt kevalajJAnavAnarhakSetra nirdoSatvAt sa eva sarvajJaH / / 15 / / saMskRta TIkA - prarUpita svarUpaM sakalapratyakSarUpaM kevalajJAnam anyatra saMbhavadatyeva saMbhavati sarvajJatvAt / na ca sarvazatvaM tatrAsiddha nirdoSatvahetunA tasya tatra siddhatvAt / rAgadveSAjJAnalakSaNA doSAstebhyo niSkrAntatvaM hi nirdoSatvaM kevala vyatirekyaya hetu: svasAdhya sAdhanAyAlaM ki nazcintayA - yava tana the, yathA ramyApuruSaH, sarvazazcAt tasmAttatra kevalajJAnavatvaM siddhayati tadapi tatra sarvajJatvaM nirdoSatvAt iti vibhAvanIyam / sUtrArtha - kevalajJAna arhanta paramAtmA meM hI hai kyoMki ve sarvajJa haiM tathA ve hI sarvajJa haiM kyoMki ve nirdoSa haiN| hindI vyAkhyA - jisakA svarUpa pahale prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai. aisA vaha sakalapratyakSarUpa kevalajJAna anyatra -- kapila sugatAdi meM nahIM saMbhavita hotA huA kevala arhanta paramAtmA meM hI unake sarvaza

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myAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 16 [35 hone ke kAraNa saMbhakti hotA hai / paramAtmA arhanta meM sarvajJatvarUpa hetu asiddha isalie nahIM hai ki ve rAgadveSa evaM ajJAnarUpa doSoM se rahita haiM / ye donoM hI hetu kevalavyatirekI hetu haiM aura apane-apane sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM samartha haiM / ataH hameM cintA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jahA~ para sarvajJatA hai vahIM para kevalajJAnayuktatA hai, aura jahA~ para kevalajJAnayuktatA nahIM hai vahAM para sarvajJatA bhI nahIM hai| jaise-rathyA puruSa-galI meM phirane vAlA puruSa / arhanta sarvajJa haiM isalie ve kevalajJAnI haiM / arhanta meM sarvazatA kI mili mirdoSatA se hotI hai / roga samajhanA caahie| prazna-yahA~ arhanta paramAtmA ko pakSa, kevalajJAna ko sAdhya aura sarvajJatva ko hetu banAyA gayA hai / kyoMki sAdhya kI siddhi hetu dvArA hI kI jAtI hai| parantu hetu prasiddha hone ke kAraNa hI to apane sAdhya kI siddhi karatA hai / yahA~ sarvajJatva jo hetu diyA gayA hai vaha abhI taka to prasiddha hI nahIM hai, phira isa aprasiddha hetu se sAdhya kI siddhi kaise ho sakatI hai? uttara-.-zaGkA ucita hai / parantu jaba isa para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai to samAdhAna bhI isakA acchI taraha se mila jAtA hai| mAnAki sarvajJatva abhI taka aprasiddha hai parantu yukti ke bala para isakI bhI siddhi ho jAtI hai, aura vaha yukti aisI hai tri saMsAra meM jitane bhI sUkSma-paramANu Adi, antarita rAma-rAvaNAdi aura dUgartha sumemparvata Adi padArtha haiM, ve saba anumeya hone se kisI na kisI ke pratyakSa haiM - pratyakSa jJAna ke viSaya haiM / jaise agni anumeya hone se kisI na kisI ke pratyakSa honI hai, isa anumeyatva hetu kI vyApti pratyakSa ke sAtha anyAdi meM dekhI jAtI hai / "yatra-yatra anumeyatvaM tatra-tatra ka.syacitpratyakSatvaM yathA agnyAdi'' isI taraha se sUkSmAdika padArtha bhI anumeya haiM ataH ve bhI kisI na kisI ke pratyakSa jJAna ke viSayabhUta haiM / arhanta paramAtmA meM sarvajJatA kI siddhi unake nirdoSa hone ke kAraNa hotI hai / isa sambandha meM "ahaM na sarvajJaH nirdoSatvAt" anumAna prakAra aisA hai / / 15 / / sUtra-pramANAvirodhivAktvAttava nirdoSatvam / / 16 / / saMskRta TIkA-bhagavatoha to doSarahitatvarUpahetunA kevalajJAnAzrayatvaM sarvajJatvaM sAdhitaM, parantu yadi kazcitsvadarzanAnurAgavaNAtta evaM brUyAt ayaM hetuH svarUpAsiddhi doSagrastatvAtkathaM tatra tatsAdhayitumIzaH, ata Aha-pramANAvirodhivAkavAdityAdi, tathA ca tIrthakRdahana rAga pAjJAnadoSanimuktaH pramANAvirodhivacanatvAt, ityanumAnena arhato doSarahitatvasiddhaH hetau svarUpAsiddhidoSodbhAvane pralApamAtra meva, tasya sarta tutvAt / sUtrArtha-pramANa se virodharahita vacana vAle hone se arhanta paramAtmA nirdoSa hai / / 16 / / hindI vyAkhyA-yaha pahale spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki doSarahita hone se arhanta paramAtmA kebalajJAna ke AzrayabhUta sarvazatA se yukta haiN| parantu yadi koI svadarzana ke anugaga ke vaza se yadi isa nirdoSarUpa hetu ko svarUpataH asiddha vahA~ prakaTa kareM to isake vAraNa nimitta sUtrakAra ne aisA kahA hai ki unake jo vacana haiM-AgamarUpa upadeza hai unameM kisI bhI pramANa se bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / dopaviziSTa vyakti ke hI vacanoM meM pUrvApara virodha rUpa bAdhA AtI hai| ataH nidoSatvarUpa hetu svarUpAsiddha nahIM hai kintu sa tu hI hai| 1. sukSmAnlarinadUrArdhAH gadArthAH kasyacid yathA anumeyatvodagnyAdirita sarvajJa saMsthitiH /

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36 | nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya sUtra 17-18 sUtra - tatsaMmatatasthasya pratyakSAdyanyatamAbAdhitatvena sa eva pramANAvirodhiyacamaH ||17|| saMskRta TIkA-pUrva pramANAvirodhitracanatvena hetunA'rhato nirdoSatvaM sAdhitaM nirdoSatvena ca sarvazatvaM kintu tasmin bhagavati pramANAvirodhivacanatvasyaivAsiddhanaM tena tatra nirdoSatva siddhiH atastatsAdhanAya " tatsaMmata tattvasya" ityAdi sUtramuktam-tathA ca "ahaMn pramANAvirodhavacanaH tatsaMmata tattvasya pratyakSAdyanyatamAbAdhitatvAt " yasya yatra saMmataM tattvaM na kenApi pramANena bAdhyate sa tatra pramANAvirodhivacano bhavati yathA jvarAdi rogAdI bhiSagvaraH, na bAdhyate ca kenApi prasiddha na pramANena pratyakSaparIkSAdinA bhagavato'rhato'nekAntAditattvaM tasmAt sapramANAvirodhiyancanaH / sUtrArtha - arhanta paramAtmA pramANa se avirodhivacana vAle haiM kyoMki unakA jo abhimata tatva hai, vaha kisI bhI prasiddha pratyakSAdi pramANa se bAdhita nahIM hotA hai / hindI vyAkhyA - pramANAvirodhI bacana vAle hone rUpa hetu ke dvArA arhanta paramAtmA meM nirdoSatA kI siddhi karake aba sUtrakAra unakI siddhi meM prayukta hue pramANAbirodhivacanatvarUpa hetu kI vahA~ para siddhi karate haiM / isa siddhi karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki koI svamatavyAmohI yahA~ aisI kutarkaNA na kara baiThe ki yaha hetu to svAmiddhi doSa se dUSita hai phira yaha apane sAdhya kI siddhi kaise kara sakegA, tathA ca jisakA saMmata abhISTa tattva siddhAnta pratyakSa yA parokSarUpa prasiddha pramANoM dvArA bAdhita khaNDita nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, yaha vahA~ pramANAvirodhi vacana vAlA hotA hai - jaise jvarAdi roga meM vaMdyarAja ! arhanta paramAtmA kA abhISTa tatva anekAnta siddhAnta Adi hai| yaha tattva ekAnta Adi ke dvArA bAdhita isaliye nahIM hotA hai ki usa ekAnta tatva ke sAdhaka koI bhI pratyakSAdi prasiddha pramANa nahIM hai ataH hetu svarUpAsiddhi doSa se grasita nahIM hai / kintu rAddha e tu hI hai ataH usake dvArA sAdhya kI siddhi hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai ||17|| sUtra--kavalAhArayatvena nArhato'sarvajJatvaM tayoravirodhAt // 18 // saMskRta TIkA-digambarAH kevalinastIrthaM kRtaH sarvajJatvasya bAdhakaM kabalAhAraM kathayanti -- tathAhi - kevalI kabalAhArI na bhavati chadmasthebhyo vijAtIyatvAt, kevalI yadi kavalAhArI syAt tahi sachadmasyebhyo vijAtIyo na syAt kevalI vA na syAt ityAdyanumAnena tIrthakRtaH kevalinaH kavalAhArAbhAva sAdhayanti / tanmataM nirasitumAha "kabalAhAravatvena " ityAdi / yadi kavalAhAra vattvasya kevalajJAnena saha virodhaH syAt tadAsmadAdi jJAnenApi tasya virodha Apadyeta ubhayorjJAnatvAvizeSAt / yamevAndhakAraM sUryaprabhA nirasyati tameva dIpaprabhA'pi nirasituM pArayati tasmAtpayaH pAvakayoriva kabalAhAra kevalajJAnayorna kazcidvirodho'sti anyathAsmadAdi jJAnenApi kavalAhArasya virodhApatyA asmAkamapi jJAnavattvAt kabalAhArApekSA na syAt tasmAt bhagavatastIrthaMkRtaH kavalAhAravattve'pi kevalajJAnavattvena sarvajJatvamupapadyate / / 18 / / 1. AptamImAMsAyAmidameva pratipAditam - satyamevAsi nirdoSoyuktiHzAstrAvirodhidAk, avirodho yadiSTaM te prasiddha ena na bAdhyate // sarvathaikAntavAdinAm / tvanmatAmRta bAhyAnAM AptAbhimAnAnAM sveSTaM dRSTena bAdhyate //

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : dvitIya adhyAya, sUtra 18 |37 sUdhartha-kavalAhArI hone se arhanta paramAtmA meM asarvajJatA nahIM AtI hai kyoMki kavalAhAra aura sarvazatA ina donoM kA paraspara meM koI virodha nahIM hai / hindI vyAkhyA--digambara sampradAya vAle ahaMnta paramAtmA ko kavalAhArI nahIM mAnate haiN| unakA isa sambandha meM aisA kahanA hai ki kevalI chamasthajanoM kI apekSA vijAtIya haiM ataH ve kevalajJAnI hone para bhojana nahIM karate hai| yadi ya kaMvalajJAnI hone para bhojana karate haiM to phira unameM chadmasthajanoM kI apekSA vijAtIyatA nahIM AtI hai, athavA ve kevalI nahIM rahate haiN| isa taraha ke unake kathana kA nirasana karane ke liye sUtrakAra ne yaha sUtra kahA hai| isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai, ki kevalajJAnI arhanta paramAtmA meM kavalAhAra karane para bhI sarvajJatA kA abhAva nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki ina donoM meM paraspara meM koI virodha nahIM hai / sarvajJatA bhI raha sakatI hai aura bhojana karanA bhI raha sakatA hai| yadi kavalAhAra kA sarvajJatA ke sAtha virodha mAnA jAne to phira hamAre jJAna ke sAtha bhI kavalAhAra kA virodha honA cAhiye / andhakAra kA aura prakAza kA jaba Apasa meM virodha hai to jima prakAra use sUryaprabhA vinaSTa kara detI hai to isI taraha use pradIpaprabhA bhI naSTa kara detI hai / ataH paya-pAnI aura pAbaka kA jaisA paraspara meM virodha hai basA virodha kavalAhAra aura kevalajJAna kA nahIM hai| yadi Apasa meM inakA virodha apanI haTha se svIkAra kiyA jAye to phira jJAnavAna hone se hama logoM ko bhI kavalAhAra kI apekSA nahIM honI cAhiye / ataH tarka ke bala para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki arhanta paramAtmA meM kevalajJAna prakaTa ho jAne para bhI bhojana karane kA abhAva pramANita nahIM hotA hai / / 18 // / / dvitIya adhyAya samApta /

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tRtIya adhyAya bhate-"ja sUtra-janamuniravahavAdhi guNotkIrtanAvi sthAnasevitvAt sthAnakavAsI // 1 // saMskRta TIkA-itaH pUrva prathamAdhyAye pramANasya dvitIyAdhyAye ca tadbhedAntargata pratyakSasya ca prarUpaNA kRtA, samprati tRtIyAdhyAye'smin parokSapramANavizeSamanumAnaM nirUpayitu tatsUcakameva sUtramAra namunirityAdi," jainamunI sthAnakavAsitvam ahaMdAdiguNotkIrtanAdInAM vizanisthAnAnAM sevitvAt siddha yati / tAni vizatisthAnakAnImAni-arhadguNotkIrtanam (1) siddhaguNotkIrtanam (2) pravacanaguNokIrtanam (3) guNavadguruguNolkIrtanam (4) sthaviraguNotkIrtanam (5) bahuzru taguNotkIrtanam (6) tapasviguNotkIrtanama (7) ahaMdAdisaptAnAM jJAneSu nirantaraM paunaHpunyena upayogakaraNam (8) darzanavizuddhiH (8) gurudevAdi viSayakavinayaH (10) Avazyakam-ubhayakAlamAvazyaka karaNam (11), niraticAraM vratapratyAkhyAna nirmala pAlanam (12), kSaNalavAdikAleSu pramAdaM vihAya zUbhadhyAnakaraNa (13), dvAdazavidhatapoinuSThAnam (14), tyAga:-dAnam (15) vaiyAvRtyakaraNam (16), samAdhiH-sarvajIvAnAM sukhotpAdanam (17), apUrvajJAnagrahaNaM paThanaJca (18), va tabhaktiH-jinoktAgameSu paramAnurAgaH (16), pravacane prabhAvanA -prabhUtabhavyebhyaH pravrajyAdAnama, jinazAsana mahimopavRhaNam jIvAnAM jinazAsanarasikakaraNam, mithyAtva timirApaharaNam caraNa-karaNa-sattarI zaraNIkaraNaM ca (20) / sUtrArtha-jaina muni arhanta, siddha Adi ke guNoM ke utkIrtana karane Adi rUma 20 sthAnoM ke sevana karane ke svabhAva vAlA hotA hai, isa kAraNa vaha sthAnakavAsI isa rUpa se siddha hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-isase pahale prathama adhyAya meM pramANa kI prarUpaNA aura dvitIya adhyAya meM usake bheda ke antargata hue pratyakSa pramANa kI prarUpaNA karane meM AI hai / aba isa tRtIya adhyAya meM parokSa pramANa ke bhedarUpa anumAna kA nirUpaNa karane ke liye usakA sUcaka hI yaha "jainamunirahadAdi" sUtra kahA gayA hai| prazna-yahA~ para sUtrakAra ko sarvaprathama parokSa pramANa kA lakSaNa kahanA cAhiye thA phira usake bhedoM kI parigaNanA ke avasara meM anumAna pramANa kA lakSaNa kahte samaya isa sUtra kA kathana karanA cAhyei thA, so aisA na karake jo aisA kathana kiyA gayA hai usakA kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara-parokSa pramANa kA lakSaNa prathama pratipAdita na karake jo anumAnavizeSasUcaka yaha sUtra kahA gayA hai usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki sUtrakAra ko kisI vizeSa sthala meM isa sthAnakavAsitva ko siddha nahIM karanA hai kyoMki arhadAdiguNotkIrtanAdi rUpa jo 20 sthAna haiM ve anAdi pravAha vAle haiM--tIrthakara 38

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 1 !36 bhagavantoM dvArA arthataH upaviSTa hue haiM ataH inakI anAditA se inakA sevana karane vAle--inheM grahaNa karane vAle-inameM vasane zale-jo bhI munijana haiM ve saba hI sthAnakavAsI haiN| isa taraha yaha sthAnakavAsitva anAdikAlika hone se pramANabhUta hI hai kyoMki artha rUpa Agama tIrthaGkaropadiSTa haiM / ataH isakI ArAdhanAkarane vAle jo isake kartA haiM ve bhI sthAnakavAsI hone se pramANabhUta haiM aura unakI pramANatA se unake vacanoM meM pramANatA hai| ataH isa prakAra ke kathana se isake nirmAtA ne apane vacanoM meM apramANatA kI zaGkA lo nivAraNa kara liyA hai| prAna-apane vacanoM meM pramANatA kI yaha bAta to pahale hI kahanI thI yahA~ para kahane kI AbazyakatA kyoM huI ? uttara-koI bhI bAta prakaraNa ke anusAra yadi kahI jAtI hai to vaha ThIka jacatI hai aura grAhya hotI hai, aprakaraNa ke anusAra nahIM / yahA~ para parokSa pramANa kA prakaraNa avasara prApta hai aura usI ke antargata anumAna kA prakaraNa hai / ataH isa anumAnasa'caka bAta ko yahIM para kahanA zreyaskara hai isIliye isakI AvazyakatA huI hai| prazna- pratyakSa ke prakaraNa ke avasara meM yadi isa bAta ko kahA jAtA to kyA hAni thI? utsara-pratyakSa ke prakaraNa meM to sAMcyavahArika aura pAramArthika pratyakSoM kA varNana abhISTa thA / unase sthAnakavAsitva sAdhya kI siddhi to ho nahIM sakatI thI kyoMki sAdhya to parokSa hI hotA hai aura parokSa sAdhya ko siddha karane ke liye anumAna prayukta hotA hai / sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa sthAnakavAsinna ko grahaNa kara nahIM sakatA kyoMki vaha usakA aviSaya hai / rahI pAramArthika pratyakSa kI bAta so unhIM pAramArthika pratyakSa vAloM ne isa mAdhya ko apane pratyakSa jJAna kA viSayabhUta banAkara hama saMsArI jIvoM ko isameM vasana Adi kA upadeza evaM Adeza diyA hai| __ isa taraha sthAnakavAsitva meM anAditA kA pratipAdana karake ava sUtrakAra unhIM 20 anAdikAlIna sthAnoM ko nAmollekhapUrvaka prakaTa karate haiM- ahaMdguNotkInana (1), siddhaguNoMkIrtana (2), pravacanaguNotkIrtana (3), guNavadguruguNotkIrtana (4), sthaviraguNotkIrtana (5), bahazrataguNotkIrtana (6), tapasviguNotkIrtana (7), tathA--arhantAdi 7 ke jJAna meM bArambAra nirantara upayoga rakhanA (8), darzanavizuddhi (6), gurudevAdi viSayaka binaya (10), ubhayakAla Avazyaka karanA (11), niraticAra zIlavratoM kA pAlanA bata-pratyAkhyAna kA nirmala pAlanA (12), kSaNa lava Adi kAloM meM pramAda ko chor3akara zubha dhyAna karanA (13), bAraha prakAra ke tapa kA pAlana karanA (14), abhayadAna denA-supAtradAna denA (15), AcAryAdi kI sevA-zuzca SA karanA (16), samAdhi-sarvajIvoM ko sukhI karane kA bhAva rakhanA (17), apUrva jJAna kA grahaNa aura usake sAdhakoM-zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA (18), zra tabhakti-jinokta Agama meM parama anurAga rakhanA (16), pravacana prabhAvanA-aneka bhavyoM ko dIkSA denA, jinazAsana kI mahimA vRddhigata karanA, jIvoM ko jinazAsana kA rasika banAnA, mithyAtvarUpI timira kA nivAraNa karanA, evaM caraNa sattarI aura karaNa sattarI kI zaraNa meM rahatA (20) / isa prakAra se ye 20 sthAna haiM / sAdhujana ina 20 sthAnakoM meM hI anAdikAla se asate cale A rahe haiM / ataH inameM sthAnakavAsitA anAdikAla se hai / yaha bAta siddha hotI hai // 1 // 1. vakta : prAmANyAta vacasi prAmANyam /

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40 / nyAyaratna : nyAmaratnAvalI TIkA : tutIya adhyAya, sUtra 2-3 sUtra-prazastaH khalu sthAnakavAsI munistayAvidha viMzatisthAna samArAdharavena tIryakRdgotropArjakatvAt // 2 // saMskRta TIkA-jainamunInAM sthAnakavAsitvenaiva zreSThatva sAdhanAya sUtramidamuktam-tathA ca tathAvidha vizati sthAnaka samArAdhakatvena sthAnakavAsinAM munInAM zreSThatvam AyAti / tatsevanenaiva te tIrthakRdgotropArjakA bhavanti / ye evaM bhUtA na te evaM bhUtA na, yathA zAstraniSiddha dravyapUjAvidhAyikA muktikAraNatvena tAM bhajamAna jainaabhaasaaH| sUtrArtha-sthAnakavAsI muni zreSTha hai kyoMki vaha pUrvokta 20 sthAnakoM kA samArAdhaka hone se tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandhaka hotA hai / hindI vyAkhyA-yaha sUtra, jaina muniyoM meM sthAnakavAsitva ke kAraNabhUta 20 sthAnoM ke samArA me hI tIrthakara prakRti kI bandhakatA AtI hai, ataH vaha zreSTha hai isa bAta ko samajhAne ke liye kahA gayA hai / jo isa prakAra ke nahIM haiM ve zreSTha nahIM haiM, jaise jainAbhAsa / ye jainAmAsa zAstraniSiddha dravyapUjA ko mukti kA kAraNabhUta mAnate haiN| ataH ve 20 sthAnaka ke sevana dvArA tIrthakara prakRti ke baMdhaka nahIM hone se prazasta nahIM kahe gaye haiM // 2 / / sUtra-janamuni se sadoraka mukhavastrikA banIyAdAgame sadabandhanApekSayA tadvandhanasya zreSThasvena jJApitatvAt / / 3 / / saMskRta TIkA-viMzatisthAnaka samArAdhakatvena jaina muniSa zreSThatvaM prasAdhya samprati mukhe mukhavastrikA bandhanatvasamarthanAya ucyate "jaina munirmukhe" ityAdi / yadi munimukhaM mukha-vastrikA bandhanarahitaM bhavati tadA jinAjJA virAbhrakalvena na tatra jaina munitvamAyAti / samutthAnAdi sUtreSu tadbandhanasya pratipAditatvAt / ato hastAdiSu mukhavastrikA dhAraNam, bhASaNakAle tayA mukhAvaguNThanakaraNaM zAstraniSiddha pratipAditam / zAstraniSiddha karmaNi pravartakAH kathaM jaina munayo bhavitumarhAH, ataH sadoraka mukhavastrikA bandhanameva zreSTham / samutthAna sUtre idameva pratipAditam--"No kappada NiggaMdhANaM vA NiggaMthINaM vA muhe muhapatti abaMdhittae eyAI kajjAI karittae paNNattA" ityAdi / sUtrArtha-jaina muni mukha ke Upara sadoraka mukhavastrikA ko avazya-avazya bAMdhe, kyoMki Amama meM usake nahIM bAMdhane kI apekSA usakA mukha para bAMdhanA hI zreSTha rUpa se kahA gayA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-pUrva meM 20 sthAnakoM kA samArAdhaka hone se jaina muniyoM meM zreSThatA kA pratipAdana kiyA / ava isa sUtra dvArA yaha siddha kiyA jA rahA hai ki yadi muni mukha para sadoraka mukhavastrikA nahIM bAMdhatA hai to vaha jinAjJA kA virAdhaka hone ke kAraNa saccA jana muni nahIM hai| kyoMki samutthAna Adi meM mukha para sadoraka makhavastrikA kA bAMdhanA kahA gayA hai| isaliye isa kathana ke anasAra jo jaina muni sadoraka mukhavastrikA ko hAtha meM rakhate haiM tathA use kamara meM vastra ke sAtha khoza lete haiM aura bhASaNa ke samaya para use mukha para rakhate jAte haiM yaha saba zAstraniSiddha mArga hai| isa mArga para calane vAle munijana zAstraniSiddha karma meM pravRttaka hone ke kAraNa jaina muni kaise ho sakate haiM / isaliye jaina muni hone ke liye sadoraka mukhavastrikA kA mukha para bAMdhanA hI the yaskara hai| samutthAna sUtra meM "No kappai" Adi sutra pATha dvArA yahI bAta kahI gaI hai // 3 //

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 4 | 41 sUtra--mukhe saboraka mukhayastrikA bandhanaM zreSThaM sAvadhakarmaparivarbakatvAt / / 4 11 saMskRta TIkA-jainamunInAM sadoraka mukhabastrikA bandhanaM mukhe AvazyakamityuktvA'dhunA tasya zreSThatva sAdhanAya 'mukhe sadoraka mukhavastikA bandhanamityAdi sUtramAha prANiprANavidhAtAdi sAvadha karma parivarjakatva hetunA sadoraka mukhavastrikA bandhanaM svata eva zreSThaM jJAyate / parantu vyAmohavazataH kazciyadi zreSThatva nasya nAGgIkaroti tadA kathaM sa sacetanaH syAt, kathamasya sAvadha karma parivarjakaseti ceducyate-sadoraka mukhavastrikA dhAraNaM vinA bhASaNe kriyamANe vAyukAyikAderjIvasya virAdhanA'zakya parihArA bhavati, tadA bhASAyAM sAvadyatAmgacchatti, sadoraka munda vastrikA bandhana dvArA tu vAyukAyAdi jIva saMrakSaNe bhASA nivadyA bhavati / uktaJca bhagavatI sUtre 16 zatake 2 uddeze-"goyamA ! jAhe NaM sakke devide devarAyA suhumakAyaM aNi jUhittANe bhAsa bhAsa i tAhe NaM sakke devide devarAyA sAvaja bhAsaM bhAsai, jAhe NaM sakke devide devarAgrA suhamakArya NihitANaM bhAsaM bhAsada tAhe NaM sabake devide devarAyA asAvajjaM bhAsaM bhAsaI" ityAdi / ataH madoraka mukhavastrikA bandhanamAgamoktatvAt zreSThamiti bhAvanIyam / sUtrArtha-mukha para sadoraka mukhavastrikA kA bAMdhanA zreSTha hai kyoMki yaha sAvadha karma kA parivarjana karAne vAlI hai| hindI vyAkhyA-jaina muniyoM ko mukha para sadoraka mukhava strikA kA bAMdhanA Avazyaka hai. aisA kahakara aba sUtrakAra isakI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana isa sUtra dvArA kara rahe haiN| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki-sadoraka mukhabhitrakA kA mastra ra bA~dhanA zreSTa isaliye hai ki isake bAMdhane se prANiyoM ke prANavidhAta Adi hone rUpa jo sAbaddha karma haiM ve nahIM ho pAte haiM, usake dvArA hone se baca jAte haiN| yadyapi dekhA jAya to sadoraka mukhavastrikA kA mukha para bAMdhanA svataH hI zreSTha hai aisA jJAta hotA hai| parantu phira bhI koI apanI haTha se isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai to hama use samajhadAra prANI kaise mAna sakate haiM ? isa mukhavastrikA ke bandhana dvArA sAvadha karma kI parivarjanA kase ho jAtI hai ? yadi koI hamase aisA pUchatA hai to hama use batAte haiM-sadoraka mukhabastrikA ko muha para bAMdhe binA bhASaNa karane para vAyukAyika Adi jIvoM kI virAdhanA dunivAra ho jAtI hai, use vaha bhASaNakartA roka nahIM sakatA hai, isa sthiti meM bhASA meM sAvadhatA AtI hai| tathA mukhavastrikA ke bandhana se bihIna mukha meM mazaka makSikAdi jIvoM kA, saMpAtima jIvoM kA evaM sacetana udakabinduoM kA praveza honA kase rokA jA sakatA hai| tathA jisa samaya dezanA Adi denA hotA hai, yA khAMsI Adi AtI hai, usa samaya mukha kI nikalI huI uSNavAyu se ho jAne vAlI bAhya vAyukAyikAdi jIva virAdhanA kase bacAyI jA sakatI hai / tathA sacitta rajoreNu ko mukha meM jAne se kaise rokA jA sakatA hai, tathA bolate samaya dUsaroM ke Upara par3ate hue thUka ke lavoM ke sparza se kaise bacAyA jA sakatA hai, ityAdi yaha saba kathana yahA~ upalakSaNa se jAna lenA cAhiye / isaliye nirakhadya bhASA ke liye, vacanagupti ke liye, sAdhuTogna liGga ke liye, saMpAtima jIvoM kI rakSA ke liye, bhASA samiti ke liye, sacitta rajoreNu ke praveza ko rokane ke liye, evaM pramArjanA ke liye, mukhavastrikA kA mukha para nirantara bAMdhanA Avazyaka karma hai, isIliye ise zreSTha kahA gayA hai| bhagavatI satra meM 16veM zataka meM dvitIya uddezaka meM aisA hI kahA gayA hai|| hai| isa taraha mUhapatti ke bandhana dvArA vAyukAyikAdi jIvoM kI rakSA hotI rahatI hai isaliye ise maha para dore se nirantara bAMdhe rahanA yaha Agamokta mArga hai| isI se yaha zreSTha hai / / 4 / / tyA0 TI06

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- - 42 / nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 5, 6, 7, 8 sUtra-bandhanarahita mukhavastriyA murkhApadhAmam aprazasta jIvarakSA'bhAvAt // 5 // . saMskRta TIkA-pUrva mukhe sadA sadoraka mukhavastrikA bandhanaM jIva saMrakSaNa hetusvAt zreSTa sAdhitam / adhunA tu dorakarahita mukhavastrikayA mukhapidhAna (AcchAdana) jIva saMrakSaNe hetutvAt na thepThamiti sAdhyate / na tayA mukhe sUkSma sacittarajaHkaNa pravezena jAyamAnA pRthivIkAyasya, vRSTyAdivazAt Agarika jalakamAna prazana jAyamAnA jalakAyamya (apkAyasya), agnisphuliGgAnAmutpAte na Akasmika sUkSmAgni sphuliMga nipAtena yA jAyamAnA tejaskAyasya, tathA mukhoSNazvAsa niHzvAsAbhyAM jAyamAnA bAhyavAyukAyasya, yatra jala tatra vanamiti vyAptinyAyena jalanAntarIyakatayA mukhe sacitta jala bindu pAtenaiva jAyamAnA vanaspatikAyasya ca virAdhanA bAryate / adhikaM syAdvAda mArtaNDe'valokanIyam / sUtrArtha-bandhanarahita mukhava strikA se mukha DA~kanA yaha zreSTha mArga nahIM hai| kyoMki isa prakAra ke karane se jIvoM ko rakSA nahIM hotI hai| hindI vyAkhyA-yaha bAta acchI taraha se spaSTa kara dI gaI hai ki dorA sahita makhavastrikA ko mukha para vA~dhane se jIvoM kI rakSA hotI hai ataH isakA mukha para bAMdhanA prazasta hai / parantu jo isa prakAra nahIM karate haiM kintu dorArahita mukhavastrikA se bhASaNa karate samaya bhukha ka lete haiM so yaha mArga prazasta nahIM hai, kyoMki isa avasthA meM usake dvArA paTakAya ke jIvoM ko hotI huI virAdhanA rokI nahIM jA sakatI hai| jaba munijana bhASaNa karate haiM taba mukhavastrikA se DhaMke hue bhI mukha meM praveza karate hue sUkSma sacittarajaHkaNa kA kauna vAraNa kara sakatA hai ? unake vahA~ praveza hone para usakI virAdhanA hotI hai isI taraha se apkAya Adi ke sambandha meM bhI samajha lenA cAhiye / vizeSa jAnane ke liye syAdvAda mArtaNDa ko dekhanA cAhiye / / 5 // sUtra-vaizavihInaM jJAnaM parokSam / / 6 / / saMskRta TIkA-uktalakSaNaM vezadyam --tena vihIna jJAna parokSam / sUtrArtha-vezadya kA svarUpa kaha diyA gayA hai / isa dizadatA se rahita jo jJAna hotA hai vaha parokSa hai| sUtra-smRti pratyabhijAtAnumAnAgamabhedAt tatpaJcavidham // 7 // saMskRta TIkA- tatparokSa pramANaM smRtyAdibhedena paJcavidhaM prajJaptam / eteSAM vizeSalakSaNAni ythaaythmgre'bhidhaasynte| .. sUtrArtha-vaha parokSa pramANa smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| " sUtra-pUrvAnubhUtaviSayakaM tattollekhi jJAna smRtiH // 8 // saMskRta TIkA-pUrvam anubhUtapratyakSAdinA anubhava viSayIkRtaH yo'rthastadviSayakaM yat tattollekhijAnaM bhava / tatsmRterlakSaNam / "tattollekhi" padena udbhUta saMskArajanyatvamatrAveditaM jJAtavyam / udbhuta saMskAramantareNa tattollekhipratyayasyAbhAvAt / atredaM bodhyam--kasyApi vastunaH pratyakSAdinA anubhavAnantaraM tadvastuviSayako bhAvanAkhyo dhAraNA paraparyAyaH saMskAro bhavati sa ca yadA kenApi sAdhanena udbuddho

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nyAyarata : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 8 |43 jAyate na tu prasuptastiSThati tadA tathAvidhodbhU ta saMskArAdanubhUtasya vastunaH smRtirbhavati / etenAprabuddha saMskArasyeyaM smRtirna bhavati tathA yamanubhUtavidhiNyeva nAnanubhUtaviSayiNI / saMskAra prabodho'syAH kAraNam, pUrvAnubhUta padArtho'syAH viSayaH. tad iti amyA AkAraH eSAM trayANAmatra lakSaNa ullekhaH kRto jJAtavyaH / nanu anubhUyamAna viSayasya abhAvAgnirAlambA smRtiH kathaM pramANa pratiSThitA syAt ? navam anubhUtArthanAsyAH sAlambanatvopapatta : anyathA'numAnotthAna vArtA'pi durlabhA syAt / atIto viSayaH kathamasyA utpAdaka iti nAzaGkanIyam jJAna prati arthasya kAraNatA pratiSedhAt / dattagrahAdi vilopApattyA ramate. pramANatA svayaM siddha yati / na ca ranubhUte viSaye pravRttamityetAvatA'syA aprAmANyam anumite'gnyAdI pravRttasya pratyakSasyApi apramANatA prasaMgAt / sUtrArtha- pratyakSAdi pramANa se jAne gaye padArtha ko jAnane vAlA tathA "vaha" isa prakAra ke zrAkAra vAlA jo jJAna hai, usI kA nAma smRti hai| hindI vyAkhyA--smaraNa jJAna pahale jAne gaye padArtha kA hI hotA hai / isa smaraNa ko utpanna karAne vAlA bhAvanA nAma kA saMskAra hotA hai| isa saMskAra kI jaba taka jAti nahIM hotI taba taka pUrvAnubhUta padArtha kA smaraNa nahIM hotaa| isa saMskAra kA dUsarA nAma dhAraNA hai / aprabaddha saMskAra vAle vyakti ko yaha smaraNampa jJAna nahIM hotA hai / yaha anubhuta viSaya meM hI hotA hai, ananubhUta viSaya nahIM / saMskAra kA prabodha isakA kAraNa hai, anubhUta padArtha isakA viSaya hai evaM "vaha" isakA AkAra hai| ye tIna bAteM isa smati ke lakSaNa meM prakaTa kI gaI haiM / yahA~ zaGkA aisI ho sakatI hai, ki smRti kA jo viSaya hai vaha vartamAnakAtika nahIM hotA hai kintu bhUtakAlika hotA hai isalie 'anubhUyamAna' viSaya kA abhAva hone se yaha smaraNajJAna niviSaya mAnA jAvegA ataH ise pramANa pratiSThita kase mAnA jA sakatA hai ? so aisI AzaMkA ThIka nahIM hai / isakA apanA viSaya hI anubhUta padArtha hai / anubhUyamAna padArtha smRti kA viSaya nahIM, vaha to pratyakSa kA viSaya hotA hai| isalie isakI apekSA smRti niviSaya nahIM hai, viSayavAlI hI hai / yadi anubhUta viSaya vAlI hone se smRti ko pramANakoTi se bAhara kara diyA jAve to phira anumAna kA utthAna hI nahIM ho sakegA; kyoMki liMgagrahNa ke bAda hI avinAbhAvarUpa sambandha kI smRti hone para hI to anumAna kA udaya hotA hai / yadi yahA~ para bauddhoM kI tarapha se aisI AzaGkA upasthita ko jAve kismRti atIta viSaya meM hotI hai, ataH vaha atIta viSaya isakA utpAdaka kaise ho sakatA hai, so yaha zakA isalie ucita nahIM hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAna kI utpatti meM viSaya ko kAraNa nahIM mAnA hai| viSaya jJAna kA kAraNa isalie nahIM mAnA gayA hai, ki usakA jJAna ke sAtha kAryakAraNabhAva sambandha nahIM banatA hai| yaha sambandha to anvaya vyatireka ke ghaTita hone para hI hotA hai| isa para saGghatarUpa meM kathana pIche kiyA jA cukA hai / yadi smati ko pramANabhUta na mAnA jAve to saMsAra meM lene-dene kA vyavahAra hI samApta ho jAne kA prasaGga prApta hogA arthAt loka jo dUsaroM kI apanI yahA~ para rakhI huI dharohara ko yAda karake uThAte haiM, vaha smRti kI apramANatA meM kaise aba uThAI jA sakegI ? smRti meM apramANatA prakaTa karane ke lie yadi aisA kahA jAve ki smRti gRhIta hue viSaya ko hI grahaNa karatI hai-ataH gRhItagrAhI jJAna kI taraha vaha apramANa kyoM nahIM mAnI jAvegI ? gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko apramANa mAnane kA yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha jAne hue viSaya ko hI jAnatA hai / yahI bAta smRti meM hai / so isa zaMkA kA uttara aisA hai ki yadi isa prakAra se smRti ko pramANa koTi se bAhara rakhA jAtA hai to phira anumita agnyAdi meM pazcAt pravRtta hue pratyakSa meM bhI apramANatA A sakatI hai / yadi isa para yoM kahA jAve ki anumAna se jAne gaye padArtha meM pravRtta hue pratyakSa meM usa viSaya ko spaSTa rUpa se janAne kI kSamatA hai / ataH jo

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44! nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tuttIya adhyAya, sUtra anumAna ke dvArA nahI janAyA jA sakA hai use pratyakSa ne janAyA hai / isalie pratyakSa anubhUta padArtha meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai kintu ananubhUta viSaya meM hI pravRtta hotA hai / ataH vaha pramANa koTi se bAhara nahIM ho sakatA hai / to phira smRti meM bhI yahI bAta hai| kyoMki pratyakSa kA viSaya vartamAnakAlika hai, aura smRti kA viSaya bhUtakAlika hai / bhUtakAlika anubhUta viSaya ko smRti jAnatI hai aura vartamAnakAlika anubhUyamAna viSaya ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai / isa taraha viSayakRta vizeSatA ko jAnane kI apekSA smRti meM pramANatA kahI gaI hai| sUtra-pratyakSa smRtijakatvAvi saGkalanA smikA saMvita pratyabhijJA // 6 // saMskRta TIkA-pratyakSaM smRtiJca etajjJAna dvayaM militvA pratyabhijJAzAnaM janayati, ataH pratyabhijJAnasyaitad dvaya jJAna janyatvaM nigaditam / pUrvottara dazA dvaya vyApyekatvAdikamasya viSaraH yathA sa evAyaM zrAvakaH, yamahaM pUrva marudezadRSTavAn Adi yadena sAdRzyAdi pratyabhijJAnabhedA gRhInAH / idamapi smRtivadavisaMvAditvAt svatantramasti kvacidapi asyAnantarbhAvAt-pratyakSaM banamAnadazAvanAhi, smaraNa bhutadazAvagAhi / etad vayam ekatvAdi viSayaka saMkalanaM katta na prabhavati / tasya tadaviSayatvAt / na ca smaraNa sahakRtamapi indriyam ekatvAdi viSaye jhAnaM janayitukSama sahakAriNatasamavadhAne'pyaviSaye prvRttybhaavaat| aviSayazcendriyANAM pUrvottara dazAdvaya vyApyekatvam // 6 // satrArtha--jo anubhava aura smRti se janya hotA hai tathA ekatvAdi ko jo viSaya karatA hai aisA jo mAnasavikalparUpa jJAna hai, usakA nAma pratyabhijJA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-pratyabhijJA jJAna ko utpanna karane vAle vartamAnakAlika pratyakSa aura bhUtakAlika padArtha ko jAnane vAlA smaraNa ye do jJAna haiM / ye donoM jJAna hI milakara isa pratyabhijJA jJAna ko utpanna karate haiN| isa pratyabhijJA jJAna kA viSaya pUrva aura uttara avasthA vyApI jo ekatva Adi haiM ve haiN| jaise yaha vahI zrAvaka hai jise maiMne pahale marudeza meM dekhA thaa| yaha jJAna na pratyakSa rUpa hai aura na smaraNa rUpa hai| kinta ina donoM se bhinna hI hai, jise ina donoM jJAnoM ne utpanna kiyA hai| kala zrAvaka ko marudeza meM dekhA thaa| sa evAya zrAvakaH" Aja jaba bahI mujarAta meM dekhane meM AtA hai, to aisA hI bodha hotA hai / isa jJAna ko yadi pratyakSa mAnA Ave to "yaha hai" isa rUpa se hI jJAna kA ullekha honA cAhie / isake sAtha jo "vahI hai" aisA ullekha hotA hai, vaha nahIM honA cAhie / tathA yadi ise smaraNarUpa mAnA jAve to "vahI hai" aisA ullekha honA cAhie "yaha vahI hai" aisA ullekha nahIM honA cAhie / / to pUrvadRSTa padArtha ke samakSa Ane para usameM hotA hI hai| isakA apalApa ho nahIM sktaa| ataH yaha mAnanA hI par3atA hai ki jo aisA ullekha huA hai, vaha ina donoM jJAna ke jur3ane se huA hai| yahA~ maheza meM ekatla kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi 'mAlathIna' dRSTa maheza kI apekSA 'zrI mahAvIra jI' dRSTa maheza meM antara hotA to 'yaha vahI maheza hai', aisA bodha nahIM hotA hai| parantu aisA bodha ho rahA hai / yahI pUrva dazA aura uttara dazAvartI ekatva pratyabhijJA kA viSaya hai / isa pratyabhijJA se ekatva, sAdRzya, vailakSaNya Adi aneka bheda mAne gaye haiM / go ke jaisA gavaya hotA hai, gAya se bhinna bhaisa hotI hai ityAdi rUpa se hone bAlA sAdRzya viSayaka bodha evaM vaisAdRzya viSayaka bodha pratyabhijJA rUpa se hI kahA gayA hai| kyoMki aise ye saba bodha pratyakSa aura smRti ke jur3ane se hote haiM to jisa prakAra apane viSaya meM avisaMvAdinI hone se smati meM pramANatA hai usI prakAra se apane viSayabhUta ekatvAdi dharmoM ke viSaya meM avisaMvAdI hone se isa pratyabhijJA jJAna meM pramANatA hai / isalie isakA pratyakSa yA smaraNa kisI bhI jJAna meM antarbhAva na

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 10 |45 ho sakane ke kAraNa yaha svatantra rUpa se pramANa hai / kyoMki isa jJAna kA jo ekatvAdi rUpa viSaya hai usakA saGkalana na pratyakSa se ho sakatA hai aura na smaraNa se hI, isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki vaha usakA aviSaya hai| yadi isa sambandha meM aisA kahA jAye ki smaraNa se sahakRta indriyA~ ekatvAdirUpa viSaya ko jAnane vAlI ho jAvegI to yaha kahanA isalie pramANabhUta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vaha ekatvAdi rUpa viSaya indriyoM dvArA gamya hI nahIM hai taba smaraNa se sahakRta hone para bhI ve aviSaya meM pravRtti kase kara skeNgii| ataH pUrvottara dazA dvaya vyApI ekatvAdi ko viSaya karane vAlA yaha pratyabhijJA hI hai, aura isI kAraNa ise parokSa pramANa ke bhItara rakhA gayA hai / / 6 / / sUtra-trikAlavati sAdhya-sAdhana-viSayaka vyApti zAna takaH / / 10 / / saMskRta TIkA-sAdhyasAdhanayorgamyagamakabhAva pradarzakaH sambandha vizepo vyAptiH, samavyApti viSama vyApti bhedAdiyaM dvividhA-yatra-yatra jJAna tatra-tatra AtmA, yatra-yatra AtmA tatra-tatra jJAnamantayAptiH, yatra-yatra dhUmastatra-statra agnirekhA viSama vyAptiH, asyA nAmAntara avinAbhAva iti / vyApti sAmarthyAdeva sAdhanaM sAdhyaM gamayati, trikAlavI sarvo'pi dhUmo'gni janmA nAnagnijanmavaM rUpeNa yenAbadhAryatevinAbhAva sambandhaH, sa eva tarka: muhamuhuH sAdhyasAdhanayoH sAhacaryaM samupalabhya sAdhyAbhAve ca sAdhanAbhAvaM vIkSya anumAtA anayostrikAlavayaMvinAbhAve nizcinoti / vyApti pramino sAdhakatamastarka eba nAngat / sUtrArya-trikAlavI sAdhya aura sAdhana ke avinAbhAva sambandha ko batAne vAlA jo jJAna hai usI kA nAma taka hai| saMskRta TIkA-sAdhya sadA gamya hotA hai. aura sAdhana usakA gamaka-janAne vAlA hotA hai| isa taraha se sAdhya-agni aura sAdhana-dhUma Adi meM gamya gamaka bhAva kA pradarzaka jo sambandha vizeSa hai, usI kA nAma vyApti hai| yaha vyapti samayApti aura viSama samanyApti ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai / jahA~ sAdhya sAdhana kI samAnarUpa se jyApti bana jAtI hai, jahAM para samavyApti hotI hai| jaise-jahA~-jahA~ AtmA hai, vahA~-vahA~ para jJAna hai, aura jahA~-jahA~ para jJAna hai vahAM-vahA~ vahA~ para AtmA hai| isa taraha kI yaha vyApti jinakA paraspara meM tAdAtmya sambandha hotA hai, una padArthoM meM ghaTita hotI hai / AtmA kA aura jJAna kA, pudgala kA aura rUparasAdi guNoM kA tAdAtmya sambandha mAnA gayA hai / isI kAraNa inameM samavyApsi bana jAtI hai / dhUma kA aura agni kA saMyoga sambandha mAnA gayA hai| ataH inameM viSama vyApti banatI hai, samavyApti nahIM / isI vyApti kA dUsarA nAma avinAbhAva sambandha bhI hai / sAdhya ke binA hetu kA nahIM honA isI kA nAma avinAbhAva hai| agni ke binA hetudhUma- trikAla meM bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai / yadi vaha agni ke binA bhI ho jAtA hai, to vaha saccA dhUma nahIM hai, dhUmAbhAsa hai / isI bAta ko jaina dArzanikoM ne "anyathAnupapatti" isa pada se bhI kathita kiyA hai / jo zabdArtha avinAbhAva kA hai, vahI zabdArtha isa anyathAnupapatti kA pada kA bhI hai| avinAbhAva ke bala se hI sAdhana apane sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| jaba koI vyakti agni aura dhUma ko kisI vizeSa sthala para eka sAtha bAra-bAra dekhatA hai aura agni ke abhAva meM dhUma kA abhAva dekhatA hai to vaha yaha nizcaya kara letA hai ki jitanA bhI jahA~-jahA~ jisa-jisa kAla meM dhUma hotA hai vaha saba ani ke sadbhAva meM hI honA hai. usake abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| isa taraha se jo trikAlavartI sAdhya sAdhana kA avinAbhAva sambandha kA jJAna use ho jAtA hai, vahI tarka hai / draSTA ne agni aura dhUma kA sambandha to kevala kisI vizeSa sthala

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TImA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 11 para hI bAra-bAra dekhA hai sarvatra nikAla meM nahIM dekhA hai / parantu isa taraha se jo vaha vyApti jJAna saMpAdita kara letA hai, vahI tarka hai| tarka hI vyApti jJAna meM sAdhakatama hotA hai, anya pratyakSAdi nhiiN| prazna-bhale hI sAmAnya pratyakSa vyApti ko viSaya karane vAlA na ho parantu viziSTa pratyakSa to vyApti ko viSaya karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai / . jaise--sarvaprathama draSTA ne dhUma aura agni ko eka sAtha mahAnasa Adi meM dekhA, phira isI taraha se usane bAra-bAra dhUma aura agni ko sAtha-sAtha rahate devA / inameM ye saba pratyakSa dhUma aura agni kI sArvatrika evaM sArvakAlika vyApti ko grahaNa karane vAle bhale hI na ho-parantu jJo antima pratyakSa pUrva pUrvAnubhUta agni ke smaraNa se aura pUrvApara ke anusandhAna rUpa pratyabhijJAna se sahavAta hai vaha to vyApti ko grahaNa kara legaa| phira isake liye tarka ko svatantra rUpa meM pramANa mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? uttara-zaGkA to ThIka hai| para jaba yaha bAta pahale prakaTa kI jA cukI hai ki jo jisakA aviSaya hai usameM usakI sahakAritA mila jAne para bhI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| taba yahA~ pratyakSa hI jaba sArvatrika aura sArvakAlika vyApti ko grahaNa karane meM svabhAvataH azakta hai| taba vaha smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna se sahakRta hone para bhI use kase grahNa kara sakegA arthAt nahIM grahaNa kara sakegA / ataH vyApti ke jAnane meM sAdhakatama tarka hI hai, aisA mAnanA cAhiye / yahI bAta "nAnyat" pada se sUcita kI gaI hai // 10 // sUtra-sAdhyA vinAbhAvi liGgajaM jJAnamanumAnam / / 11 // saMskRta TIkA-pAdhyAvinAmAdiko jJApamAnAmAvali jAjjAyamAnaM jJAnamanumAnam / atrAnumAnamiti lakSya nirdezastasya prasiddhatayA'nUdyasvAt. sAdhyAvinAbhAviliGgajamiti lakSaNa nirdezaH tasyA prasiddhatayA vidheyatvAt, tathA ca-anu-liGga-grahaNa sAdhyasAdhana vyApti smaraNAt-pazcAt, mIyate'rtho'numeyapAvakAdi yena jJAnena tadanumAnamiti ! sAdhanamarhatIti sAdhayitumiSTaH zaktho vA sAdhyo'numeyaH pAvakAdiH parokSabhUtArthaH, vinA bhavatIti vinAmuna binAbhu iti abinAbhu liGgayate-gAmyate'rtho'neneti liGgam-sAdhanam heturiti yAvat sAdhyaM tyaktvA yatra bhavati sAdhye satyeva bhavati iti sAdhyAbinAbhAvi etAdRzaM palliGgaM tat sAdhyAvinAbhAvi liGga tena jAyate iti sAdhyAvinAbhAvi liGgaja, IdRzaM jJAnamanumAnamiti / sutrArtha-sAdhya ke sAtha avinAmAgha sambAdha rahane vAle liMga se jo sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai usakA nAma anumAna hai| hindI vyAkhyA--sAdhya ke binA nahIM hone vAle--kintu sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI hone vAle aise liMga-sAdhana se jo ki jJAyamAna hotA hai sAdhya kA jo ki parokSabhUta hotA hai, jJAna hI anumAna hai| yahA~ anumAna yaha lakSya hai| kyoMki vaha prasiddha hai, tathA "sAdhya ke vinA na hone vAle liga se utpanna hone vAlA" yaha lakSaNa hai| kyoMki aprasiddha hone se yaha vidheya hai| liMga grahaNa aura sAdhya sAdhana kI vyApti kA smaraNa ina donoM ke anantara hue jisa jJAna ke dvArA anumegarUpa agni Adi padArtha jAnA jAtA hai, vaha anumAna hai| sAdhya vahI hotA hai jo siddha karane gogya hotA hai yA 'sAdhayitum' iSTa yA zakya hotA hai / sAdhya kA hI dUsarA nAma anumeya hai / yaha sAdhya anumAtA ke parokSa hotA hai, jo sAdhya ke binA nahIM hota. hai, kintu sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI hotA hai| usakA nAma sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hai| aisA sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhana-hetu ho apane sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai / isI / nAma anumAna hai / / 11 //

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 12 sUtra-svArtha parArtha bhedAttadvividham // 12 // saMskRta TIkA-tatra svasmai idaM svArtham / svayameva nizcitAt prAktAnubhUta vyApti smaraNa sahakatAt sAdhyAvinAbhAvyeka lakSaNAt dRSTAt sAdhanAn sAdhyajJAnaM svArthAnumAnamiti / asminnanumAne pramAtA pUrvokta paddhatyA paropadezamanapekSyava sAdhanAt sAdhya samabhAvaM nizcinoti / yathA parvato'yaM dhUmavatvAdagnimAniti, atra svameva kasyacitprabuddhasya puruSasya mahAnasAdau bhUyo bhUyo vahni dhUmayoH sahacAra darzanena dhume vahni vyAptyavadhAraNAnantaraM parvatAlI gatasya bhUmanacanaH bhUmI ativyApayA dRpyevaM mahAnasAdo anubhUta vyAptismaraNAnantaraM "parvato'yaM vahnimAna dhumabattAt' ityAkArikAyA anumitijavite tasyAH kAraNIbhutaM svayameva sAdhyAbinAbhAvitvena nizcitaM liMga jJAnameva / idameva svArthAnumAna matiparasmai-kuzAgra buddhi zAline ziSyAna idam svArthAnumAnAbhidhAnaM parArthAnumAnamiti', bAda kAlApekSayataccAnumAna dva yaMgameva pratipAdyAnurodhato'dhikAMvamapi vItarAga kathA kAle svArthAnumAnamapi dvayaGgameva / pratijJAdi bhedAdanumAnarAMgasaMpattiH paJcavidhA proktA sA bAlavyutpattyarthameva / sUtrArtha-svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna ke bheda se anumAna do prakAra kA hai // 12 // hindI vyAkhyA--jisa ne pahile tarka pramANa se mAdhya aura sAdhana kA sAhacarya sambandha nizcita kara liyA hai, aisA vaha vyakti jaba parvatAdi meM dhUma ko dekhatA hai, taba use tarkAnubhUta byApti kA smaraNa AtA hai, aura usase sahakRta usa sAdhyAvinAbhAvI eka lakSaNa bAle haSTa dhUmAdi rUpa liMga se sAdhana se vaha agyAdi rUpa sAdhya ke vahA~ hone kA anumAna karatA hai| basa, isI kA nAma svArthAnumAna hai| isa anumAna meM anumAtA pUrvokta paddhati ke dvArA hI gurvAdika ke sAdhya-sAdhana kI vyApti pradarzaka upadeza kI apekSA binA sAdhyAvinAbhAvI liMga kI sahAyatA se sAdhya ke sadbhAva kA nizcaya kara letA hai / jaisedhUma hone se yaha parvata agnivAlA hai| aisA yaha svArthAnumAna kisI-kisI prabuddha puruSa ko hI hotA hai| kyoMki jaba vaha mahAnasa-rasoIghara Adi meM agni aura dhUma ko sAtha-sAtha rahA huA dekhatA hai, to vaha dhUma ke sAtha bali-agni-kI vyApti kA abadhAraNa kara letA hai phira jaba vaha kahIM parvatAdi kI tarapha jAtA hai to vahA~ Upara kI ora uThate hue vUma ko dekhate hI vaha mahAnasAdi meM pUrva meM anubhUta vyApti kA smaraNa karatA hai aura usI samaya vahni vyApya dhuma yahA~ para hai, isa prakAra kI anumiti use ho jAtI hai / aba vicAra to yaha karanA hai ki isa prakAra kI jo use anumiti huI hai usakA kAraNabhUta usake dvArA svayaM sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAba sambandha rUpa se nizcita kiyA gayA liMga jJAna hI hai / yahI svArthAnumAna hai / svArthAnumAna kA abhidhAna karane vAlA jo vacana hai vaha parArthAnumAna hai / tAtparya isakA yaha hai-mAna lo devadatta ko dhUma dekhane se agni kA svArthAnumAna huA / ava baha apane isa svArthAnumAna ko yajJadatta ko samajhAne ke liye usase aisA kahatA hai-yajJadatta ! dekho, jahA~-jahA~ anavacchinna dhArA vAlA dhUma hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ niyama se agni hotI hai / isa parvata meM dhUma hai ataH yahA~ para agni hai| isa taraha ke svArthAnumAna ke pratipAdaka ye vAkya yajJadatta ko hone vAle parArthAnumAna ke prati kAraNa hote haiM / ataH 1. paropadezAbhAve'pi sAdhanAtsAdhyabodhanam / __ yaddaSTurjAyate svArthamanumAnaM taducyate // 1 // nyAyadIpikA . . 2. sva nizcaya vadanyeSAM nizvayotpAdanaM budhH|| parArtha mAnamAtyAta vAkyaM tadupacArataH / / 10 |-nyaayaavtaar .

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nyAyaratna : nyAmaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 13 ye vAkya hI parArtha haiM, kyoMki ve dUsaroM ko bodha karAne ke liye kahe gaye haiN| yahI bAta "svAryAnumAnAbhidhAnaM parArthAnumAnamiti" isa pATha dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai| prazna- jaina darzana to jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnatA hai| phira yahA~ para jar3a acetana rUpa vacanoM ko jo svArthAnumAna ke abhidhAyaka hote haiM kaise parArthAnumAna rUpa se svIkAra kara rahA hai ? uttara-zaGkA ThIka hai| para isa taraha ke kathana kA vicAra karane para zaGkA nirasta ho jAtI / dekho devadatta ke kahane se to yajJadatta ko sAdhya sAdhana kA jJAna huA hai| ataH devadatta ke jo vacana haiM, ve yajJadatta ke zAna hone meM kAraNa hue haiN| isalie yahA~ kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake svArthAnumAna pratipAdaka vacanoM ko parArthAnumAna rUpa kaha diyA gayA hai| jo jisakA rUpa nahIM hai, usako usakA kAraNa hone se usa rUpa se mAna lenA isI kA nAma upacAra hai| pratipAdya meM jo jJAna bharA jA rahA hai, jisakA avyavahita kAraNa vacana haiN| so una vacanoM ko hI anumAna rUpa kaha diyA gayA hai / ___kathA do prakAra kI hotI hai- eka vijigISu kathA aura dUsarI vItarAga kathA | inameM vAdI aura prativAdI kA apane-apane pakSa kI siddhi ke liye jo jaya-parAjaya paryanta nirvAcita sabhya sabhApati samakSa zAstrArtha rUpa se vAda vivAda chir3atA hai, vaha vijigISu kathA hai| jisameM guru ziSya kA Apasa meM tattva nirNana karane ke lie vicAra vinimaya hotA hai, usakA nAma vItarAga kathA hai| pagarthAnumAna | rUpa vijigISu kathA ke pratijJA evaM hetu ye do hI aMga hote haiN| tathA ziSyAdi ko anumAna kA bodha karAne ke liye yA tatva nirNaya karane ke lie unakI buddhi ke anusAra do se bhI adhika aMga hote haiN| svArthAnumAna ke pratijJA aura hetu ye hI do aMga hote haiN| pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya evaM nigamana ye jo anumAna ke pAMca aMga batAye gaye haiM, ve bAla-jIvoM ko anumAna kA jJAna karAne ke liye hI kahe gaye haiM / / 12 / / sUtra-tayopapattyekalamaNo hetuH: matu tripaJcalakSaNastasya savAbhAse'pi sattvAt, agni masve satyeva dhUmayatvopapattistathopapattiH // 13 // saMskRta TIkA tathopapattizabdena sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvameva hetorlakSaNaM nigaditamavagantavyam / yathA'nyathAnupapattizabdena / AItamatoktamidaM hetulakSaNamanAhatyAnye'nyathApi hetu lakSaNamAhuH, tatra tAvattadanyathAgatAH pakSadharmatva sapakSasattva vipakSabyAvRttilakSaNAlligAdanumAnotthAnaM varNayanti / sAdhyadharma biziSTadhamyatmike pakSe hetorvartamAna tvaM pakSadharmatvam, anvayodAharaNe vartamAnatvaM sapakSasatvaM, vyatireka dRSTAnte cAvartamAnatvaM vipakSa vyAvRttatvam / etAni zrINi yasmin hetau vartamAnAni bhavantita deva saje turiti / naiyAyikAstu pakSadharmatvAdIni imAni trINi tathA'bAdhitaviSayatvA satpratipakSatvaM ceti rUpadvayaM hetorlakSaNaM kathayanti / parantu etatkathanaM samIcInaM nAsti hetvAbhAse'pi trilakSaNasya paJcalakSaNasya sadbhAvAt / tathAhi--"parvato dhUmavAn vahnaH" ityAdAvapi dhUma TyabhicAriNi vahnau parvatarUpa pakSavRttitvasya mahAnasarUpa sapakSasattvasya hradarUpa vipakSAd vyAvRttvasya sadbhAvena tasyApi saddhetutvApatteH evamapi hetoH paJcalakSaNamapi naiyAyikokta na yuktam-"parvato dhUmavAn bahraH" asminneva anumAne dhUma vyabhicAriNi vahnau parvatAtmaka pakSavRttitvasya, mahAnasAdi rUpa sapakSasadasya, jalaha,dAdi vipakSAvRttitvasya prati 1. isake lie nyAyadIpikA dekho|

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaralAvatI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 13 |46 pakSa hetorabhAvena asatpratipakSatvasya pratyakSAdinA bAdhArahitattvAt abAdhitaviSayatvasya sadbhAvana sakhe tutvApattiH syAt / tasmAt vilakSaNatvaM paJcalakSaNatvaM hetau na smbhvti| apitu tathopapattirUpaka nirduSTa lakSaNatvameva saMbhavati / tathopapatteH anyathAnupapattervA hetulakSaNatve na kazcidaryabhedo'styukti vaicitryAt / sUtrArtha-tathA-sAdhya ke hone para hI upapatti-hetu kA honA yahI hai eka lakSaNa jisakA, aisA hetu hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-agnimattva rUpa sAdhya ke sabhAva meM hI dhUmavattva rUpa hetu kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa hetu kA lakSaNa sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hI kahA gayA hai, jaisA anyathAnupapatti hetu kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| anyathAnupapatti zabda se tayA tathopapatti zabda se isI sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetu lakSaNa kA zabdAntara se kathana huA hai| prazna-jaisA Apane tathopapatti zabda kA artha spaSTa rUpa se samajhAyA hai, isI prakAra se anyathAnupapatti zabda kA artha bhI samajhAie tathA ina donoM meM antara kyA hai--yaha bhI batalAie ? uttara' tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapati ina dono ke vAcyAtha meM koI bhI antara nahIM hai| sirpha zabdoM ke prayoga meM hI antara hai| anyathA zabda kA artha sAdhya kA abhAva hai, aura anupapatti zabda kA artha hetu kA nahIM honA hai| isa taraha gAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA nahIM honA yahI anyathA'nupatti zabda kA artha hai| ___isa taraha kA hI lakSaNa hetu kA jaina dArzanikoM ne nirdhArita kiyA hai / kyoMki isa eka lakSaNa ke binA zeSa anyatIthika janoM dvArA mAnya lakSaNa sadoSa ho jAte haiM hetvAbhAsa rUpa bana jAte haiM / jahA~ yahI eka lakSaNa vAlA hetu ho aura anya pakSadharmatvAdi lakSaNoM vAlA hetu na ho taba bhI vaha hetu apane sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai / itanA isa hetu kA bala hai| phira bhI anyatIthika janoM ne isa hetu lakSaNa ke prati apanA Adara nahIM prakaTa kiyA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne sAdhyAbinAbhAvI hetu kA lakSaNa na mAnakara aisA lakSaNa mAnA hai, ki jo hetu pakSadharma vAlA hotA hai, sapakSa meM sattva vAlA hotA hai aura vipakSa se vyAvRtti vAlA hotA hai-vahI hetu apane sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| jima hetu meM ye tIna rUpa nahIM hote haiM, vaha hetu apane sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA hai| jaise--yaha parvata agnivAlA hai kyoMki dhUmavAlA hai isalie, yahA~ dhUma mpa jo hetu hai vaha sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hone ke kAraNa apane sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hai / pratyuta pakSaparvatAdi meM usakI datti hai / sapakSa-rasoI-ghara Adi rUpa meM usakA apane sAdhya ke sAtha sAhacarya pAyA jAtA hai aura sAdhyAbhAva bAle jala hradAdi se usakI sadA vyAvRtti rahatI hai| isa kAraNa yaha dhUmarUpa hetu samIcIna hetu apane sAdhyarUpa agni kA gamaka batAne vAlA hotA hai / ainA kathana bauddhoM kA hai / naiyAyikoM kA aisA kathana hai--jisa hetu meM ina tIna rUpoM ke sAtha asatpratipakSatva aura avAdhitaviSayatva ye do rUpa rahate haiM. isa taraha jo hetu pAMca rUpoM vAlA hotA hai. vahI apane sAdhya kA anumApaka hotA haiN| isa para jaina dArzanikoM kA aisA kahanA hai, ki yadi aisI hI bAta aMgIkAra kara sAdhyAvinAbhAbitva hetu kA lakSaNa anAdRta kiyA jAtA hai to phira jaba koI aisA anumAna prayukta karatA hai ki "isa parvata meM dhUma hai" kyoMki isameM agni hai / taba vaha agnirUpa hetu jo ki apane mAdhyarUpa dhUma ke binA bhI raha jAtA hai / kyoMki aMgArAvasthA vAlI agni ke sAtha dhUma rahatA nahIM hai-pakSa meM rahatA hai, sapakSa meM bhI rahatA hai aura vipakSa se bhI yaha vyAvRtti vAlA hai / ataH ina tInoM rUpoM se yA pAMca rUpoM nyATI07

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 14 se yukta hotA huA bhI yaha hetu hetvAbhAsa meM parigaNita kyoM kiyA gayA hai| "agnimattva" hetu kI apane dhUmavattva rUpa ke sAkSya ke sAtha aisI vyApti nahIM banatI hai ki jahA~-jahAM agni hotI hai, vahAM-vahA~ dhUma hotA hai / agni to ayogolaka yA aMgAroM meM bhI rahatI hai para vahA~ duma nahIM rahatA hai / ataH yaha satu nahIM mAnA gayA hai / yadi aisA kahA jAve to phira hetu kA lakSaNa trirUpatA yA paJcarUpatA kaise bana sakatI hai / yaha to samajhane jaisI bAta hai, ki yaha agnimatya rUpa hetu jaba virUpatA Adi bAlA hai| to phira apane sAdhya kA gamaka kyoM nahIM ? tathA jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki eka muhUrta ke bAda zakaTa kA udaya hogA kyoMki abhI kRttikA kA udaya ho rahA hai to yahA~ para jo yaha kRttikodaya rUpa hetu hai vaha pakSa meM zakaTodaya meM maujUda to hai nahIM / phira bhI apane sAdhya kA-zakTodaya kA gamaka kyoM hotA hai ? ataH virUpatA yA paMcarUpatA hetu kA lakSaNa hai-aisA vyAmoha choDakara yahI mAnanA cAhiye ki heta kA eka tathopapatti hI lakSaNa hai / isake atirikta aura saba lakSaNa hetvAbhAsarUpa hI haiN| prazna-kyA anumAna karate samaya anyathAnupapatti rUpa aura tathopapatti rUpa hetu kA eka sAtha prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai ? uttara-ina donoM kA anumAna karate samaya eka sAtha prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| prazna- eka sAtha inakA prayoga karane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? uttara-donoM kA eka sAtha prayoga karane meM punarukti doSa AtA hai| prazna- yaha doSa kaise AtA hai ? ise spaSTa kara samajhAie? uttara-suno-yaha abhI-abhI prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki ina donoM kA vAcyArtha eka hI hai ; kyoMki anyathAnupapatti rUpa jo hetu hotA hai usakA artha yahI hotA hai ki sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kabhI nahIM hotA hai / tathA tathopapatti kA artha yaha hai ki sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI hetu hotA hai / ataH isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki hetu svasAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha vAlA hotA hai| ataH jaba donoM kA niSkarSArtha eka hai to eka sAtha donoM kA prayoga karane meM punarukti doSa kA AnA kase rokA jar sakatA hai ? anyathAnupapatti rUpa hetu meM hetu kA kathana niSedha mukha se huA hai aura tathopapatti meM vidhimUtra se hayA hai / isI (hRdayosthita) hRdyArtha ko lekara "tathopapatteranyathAnupapattervA hetu lakSaNatvena kazcidartha bhedo'styukti vaicibhyAn" aisA kahA gayA hai / / 13 / / sUtra-anizcitAbhimatamabAdhitaM sAdhyam // 1415 saM kRta TIkA-yena kenApi pramANena na nizcitaM na pratIta sadanizcitam, vAdinA sAdhyatvena yad abhimatam-abhIpsitam, iSTam, tat abhimatam / pratyakSAdinA kenApi pramANena yad bAdhitaM na bhavati tat abAdhitam, Idazameva sAdhyam bhavati / nizcitasyAnabhimatasya bAdhitasya ca sAdhyatvAyogAt "vahriranuSNaH" ityatra anuSNatvaM sAdhyam uSNatvagrAhiNA tvagindriyeNa bAdhyate'to'nuSNatvaM sAdhyaM na bhavati / sAdhyatvenAnabhimatasya sAdhyatvaM mAbhUt pratyuta vAdina iSTasyaiva sAdhyatvaM syAditi bodhanAya abhimatamityuktam / kvamapi kenApi pramANena pakSe yadvastu prathamato nizcitaM bhavati tasya sAdhyatva vAraNAya anizcita 1. hatostathopapattyA vA syAtprayogo'nyathA'pi vaa| viSidhoDanyatareNApi sAdhyasiddhi bhavediti // 17 // --nyAyAvatAra:

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| 51 mityuktam / evaM ca saMdigvasya abAdhitasyA nizcitasyaiva sAdhyatA saMbhavati na nizcitAdikasyeti bhAvaH / nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA sutISa adhyAma, sUtra 15 : sutrArtha jo anizcita ho, dAdI ko svIkRta ho - prativAdI ko svIkRta na ho aura pratyakSAdi kisI bhI pramANa se jo bAdhita na ho, vahI sAdhya hotA hai / hindI vyAkhyA--jo pratIta hotA hai-- jisameM kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM hotI hai, viparyaya jJAna kA jo viSayabhUta nahIM hotA hai, anadhyavasAya jJAna se jo AkrAnta nahIM hotA hai, vaha sAdhya nahIM hotA hai| pratyuta sAdhya vahI hotA hai jo saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya jJAna se abhibhUta hotA hai / imI bAta ko samajhAne ke liye sUtra meM anizcita pada rakhA gayA hai| piSTa ko pIsane kI taraha nizcita ko sAdhya karane se koI lAbha nahIM hai / prativAdI ko jo svIkRta na ho kintu vAdI ko hI jo svIkRta ho kyoMki siddha karane kI abhilASA vAlA vAdI hI hotA hai pratibAdI nahIM - vaha to use nirAkaraNa karane kI hI icchA vAlA hotA hai| isI bAta ko prakaTa karane ke liye sUtra meM abhimata pada diyA hai / tathA jo kisI bhI pratyakSa Adi pramANa se bAdhita na ho sake, vahI sAdhya hotA hai, bAdhita sAdhya nahIM hotA hai| isa hRdya ko prakaTa karane ke liye sUtra meM abAdhita pada diyA gayA hai| isa taraha jo anizcita, abhimata aura abAdhita hotA hai, vahI sAdhya hotA hai / ina apane vizeSaNoM se rahita sAdhya nahI hotA hai / yahI isa sUtra ko TIkA kA bhAvArtha sahita artha hai || 14 | sUtra- vyAptau dharma eva sAdhyamanumAne tu tadviziSTo dharmI / / 15 / / saMskRta TIkA - sAdhyasya svarUpaM prarUpya samprati dharmasya vanhyAderdhamiNazca vahnimaparvatAderApekSikaM sAdhyatvaM prarUpyate--vyAptI-vyApti grahaNa kAle-dharmo vahnirUpa evaM sAdhyam yathA - yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatra vahniH, na tu yatra yatra dhUmastatra statra parvato'gnimAna : iti / vyApti grahaNa kAle dhUmena sahadharmiNaH parvatasya sAhacaryAdarzanAt / ataH tasmin kAle vahnirUpa dharmasyaiva sAdhyatvaM kathitaM boddhavyam natu parvatarUpa dharmiNaH anyathA vyApteravadanAt / sAdhya dharma viziSTasya dharmiNastu anumAna prayoga kAle eva sAdhyatvaM tatraivAgnimattAyAH sAdhyatvAt / vivakSitA dhArAzritAgni mattva sAdhanameva anumAna prayojanam / atamattva dharmaviziSTo'dri rUpo dharmI eva sAdhyo bhavati na tu kevalaM vahnirUpo dharmaH / parvatAdI balemiti kAle vyAptigrahaNa kAlika dhUma pratiniyata vahnirUpa sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa viziSTatayA parvatAtmaka dharmiNa eva sAdhayitumiSTatvAt / tatraiva sAdhyatva vyapadezo bhavatIti bhAvaH / etena vyavahArakAle parvato vahnimAn ityevaM vahnirUpa dharma viziSTaH parvatarUpo dharmI sAdhyatvena vyavahriyate / vyAptigrahaNa velAyAM tu kevalaM vahnirUpa dharma eva sAdhyatvena vyapadizyate iti phalitam, anyathA dhUme vahni vyApti graho na syAt / yatra yatra dhUmastatra-statra vahnirityevaM sAhacarya darzanena dhUme vahninirUpita vyAptigraho bhavati na tu yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatra parvataH ityevaM sAhacaryeNa vyAptigraho bhavati tasmAt pitR putravat ApekSika sAdhyatvasya dharme dharmiNi ca satve na kazcid virodhaH saMbhavatIti / sUtrArtha - vyApti meM - vyAptigrahaNa kAla meM -- dharma hI sAdhya hotA hai / sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI sAdhya nahIM hotA hai / sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI sAdhya to anumAna kAla meM hI hotA hai / hindI vyAkhyA - sAdhya ke svarUpa kI prarUpaNA karake aba sUtrakAra yaha prakaTa kara rahe haiM ki vyApti ko grahaNa karane ke samaya meM aura anumAna prayoga karane ke samaya meM sAdhya kauna hotA hai| jaba

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52/ nyAyaratna : myAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tutIya adhyAya, sUtra 16 vyApti grahaNa karane kA samaya hotA hai--sAdhya sAdhana kA avinAbhAva sambandha jJAna karanA hotA hai, aura isakA dUsaroM ke prati pratipAdana karanA hotA hai-usa samaya yaha niyama hai, ki dharma hI sAdhya hotA hai| jisake AdhAra se sAdhya rahatA hai vaha dharmI kahalAtA hai| isa dharmI kI apekSA se hI sAdhya ko dharma kaha diyA gayA hai / "yatra-yatra dhUmastatra-tatra vahniH" isa vyApti meM hama dekhate haiM, ki kevala sAdhyarUpa agni kA hI prayoga huA milatA hai / usake sAtha usake AdhArabhUta parvatAdi kA nahIM / yadi aisI vyApti mAnI jAve ki jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ parvata agnivAlA hotA hai to vyApti bana hI nahIM sakatI hai| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki dhUma kA sAhacarya sambandha to agni ke sAtha hai, parvata ke sAtha nhiiN| isaliye jaisA sAhacarya sambandha agni aura dhUma kA hai vaisA parvata kA nahIM hai| isalie vyApti kAla meM dharmaviziSTa dharmI ke sAdhya hone kA niyama nahIM kahA gayA hai| kevala sAdhyarUpa dharma ke hI sAdhya hone kA niyama kahA gayA hai| sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI to sAdhya tabhI hotA hai ki jaba anumAna ke prayoga karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| kyoMki parvatAdi rUpa dharmI meM hI usa samaya agni ke hone kA khyApana kiyA jAtA hai| ataH agniviziSTa parvata sAdhya koTi meM A jAtA hai| yadyapi parvata kI siddhi to pratyakSa se hI ho rahI hai / parantu agniviziSTa parvata kI siddhi pratyakSa se nahIM ho rahI hai| vaha to anumAna se hI hotI hai / ataH vivakSita agnimattva rUpa se AdhArabhUta parvata kI siddhi karanA yahI anumAna kA prayojana hotA hai / aisI avasthA meM agnimatva rUpa asiddha sAdhya ke AdhAra vAlA hone ke kAraNa "bagnivAlA parvata" hI sAdhya koTi meM AtA hai| kevala balirUpa dharma sAdhya koTi meM nahIM AtA hai / kyoMki vaha bhI siddha hai aura parvata rUpa dharmI bhI siddha hai| isI kAraNa aisA kahA gayA hai ki vyApti ko grahaNa karane ke samaya meM to kevala dharma hI sAdhya hotA hai aura anumAna kAla meM sAdhyavarma viziSTa dharmI-pakSa-sAdhya hotA hai| isa taraha pitA putra kI taraha yaha sAdhyatva vyavahAra pratiniyata na hokara ApekSika hotA kahA gayA hai / / 15 / / sUtrakvacidvikalpAt pramANAttadubhayatazca dhamisiddhiH // 16 // saMskRta TIkA-mi ityapara nAmnaH pakSasya siddhi:--prasiddhiH kvacit sarvajJAdau khara viSANAdau thA vikalpAt-vikalpa buddhitaH anizcita prAmANyAprAmANya pratyayato bhavati-jAyate "yathA'sti sarvajJaH, nAsti khara viSANam" ityAdi, kutracit pramANAt dharmiNaH siddhirbhavati-yathA parvato'yamagnimAnityAdi, kvacidubhayataH-pramANavikalpAbhyAM dharmiNaH siddhirbhavati---yathA zabdo'nityaH, ityAdi, vikalpasiddha dharmiNi sattA'sattA ca sAdhyA bhavati, pramANobhayasiddhayoH dharmiNoH sAdhyaM kAmacAraH / / 16 // hindI vyAkhyA-dharmI prasiddha hotA hai aisA jo kahA gayA hai usI kI puSTi ke nimita isa sUtra kA nirmANa huA hai| isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai-dharmI-pakSa kI siddhi kahIM vikalpa se hotI hai, kahIM pramANa se hotI hai aura kahIM pramANa vikalpa ina donoM se hotI hai| vikalpa nAma usa mAnasika vicAra kA hai, ki jo na pramANabhUta hotA hai aura na apramANabhUta hotA hai| jaba hama usa vastu ko jo hamAre pratyakSa pramANa ke viSayabhUta na ho dharmI banAte haiM lo vaha vikalpasiddha dharmI kahA jAtA hai jaise "asti sarvajJaH, nAsti svara viSANama" yahA~ para sarvajJa aura kharaviSANa ye donoM vikalpasiddha arthAt 1. vikalpa siddhe tasmin sattasare sAdhye / buDi si miNi sAdhyadharmaH sattvamasattvaM ca pramANamalena sAdhyate / --parIkSAmukha ..-pramANapImAMsA pR07

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 16 kalpanAtmaka pratItisiddha-dharmI haiM pramANaprasiddha dharmI nahIM haiM / hA~, itanA avazya hai ki inameM sattva sAdhya kI tathA asattva sAdhya kI siddhi to pramANa ke bala se hI hotI hai para isake pahale ye donoM vikalpa siddha dharmI haiN| prazna-jaba ina dharmiyoM kI siddhi vikalparUpa mAnasa pratyakSa se hai to phira inameM sattva ke sAdhane vAle anumAna kI aura asattva ke sAdhane vAle anumAna kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM honI cAhiye kyoMki vikalparUpa mAnasa pratyakSa se hI inake sattva aura asattva kI siddhi kara dI gaI ho jAtI hai| uttara-zaGkA to ThIka hai / para isa para thor3I vicAra-buddhi se vicAra kiyA jAve to unara bhI prApta ho sakatA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki mAnasapratyakSarUpa vikalpa se inameM astitva aura nAstitva kA khyApana kara diyA jAtA hai ataH usake liye, sattva aura asatva siddha karane ke liye anumAna kI AbazyakatA nahIM honI cAhiye, parantu phira bhI jo anumAna dvArA unake sattva aura asatva kI siddhi kI jAtI hai usakA kAraNa sirpha yahI hai jo pratibAdI apanI haThadharmitA se unake satva aura asattva ko nahIM mAnatA hai use inake satva aura asatva ko pramANa se anumAna pramANa se sAdhita kara samajhAyA jAtA hai| ataH isa sthiti maM anumAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| prazna-yadi mAnasapratyakSarUpa vikalpa se dharmI kI siddhi mAnI jAve to phira Apane jo aimA kahA hai ki vikalpasiddha dharmI meM sattA yA asattA ye dohI sAdhyakoTi meM rahate haiN| so aisA kahanA aba nahIM bana sakatA hai| kyoMki mAnasapratyakSarUpa vikalpa meM khara viSANa kA bhI astitva rUpa se bhAna hotA hai| yadi astitva rUpa se usakA bhAna na ho to vaha vikalpa siddha hI nahIM kahalA sakatA hai| usara-ThIka hai / parantu jo mAnasa pratyakSa bAdhaka rUpa pramANa se jisakI sattA nirAkRta kI jAtI hai-aise padArtha ko astitvarUpa se apane meM grahaNa karane vAlA hotA hai to vaha mAnasapratyakSAbhAsa kahA jAyegA, mAnasapratyakSa nahIM / prazna-yadi isa taraha se bAdhaka pratyaya dvArA nirAkRta sattA vAle khara viSANAdi rUpa padArtha ko viSaya karane vAlA mAnasapratyakSa mAnasa pratyakSAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai to phira sarvajJa rUpa dharmI kI siddhi karane vAlA mAnasapratyakSarUpa vikalpa mAnasapratyakSAbhAsa rUpa kyoM nahIM mAnA jAvegA- kyoMki sarvajJa rUpa dharmI ke sadbhAva kA prakhyApaka bhI koI pramANa nahIM hai| uttara-aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie / kyoMki sarvajJa ke astitva kA khyApana karane vAlA pramANa maujUda haiN| isa taraha vikalpa se dharmI kI prasiddhi hotI kahI gaI hai| "parvato'yamagnimAn" yahA~ para parvata rUpa dharmI kI prasiddhi pratyakSa pramANa se ho rahI hai / pramANa aura vikalpa se "zabdonityaH" yahA~ para haI dharmI kI prasiddhi kahI gaI hai kyoMki vartamAnakAlika zabda kI siddhi to zrAvaNapratyakSa se ho rahI hai aura bhUtakAlIna aura bhaviSyatkAlIna zabdoM kI siddhi vikalpa se huI hai| pramANa prasiddha dharmI meM aura pramANa vikalpa siddha dharmI meM sAdhya icchAnusAra hotA hai| vikalpasiddha dharmI kI taraha vaha pratiniyana nahIM hotA hai| -pramANamImAMsA pu047| 1. tabuddhisiddha dharmiNi satvamasattvaM ca sAdhya dharmaH pramANabalaMna sAdhyate / 2. asti sarvajJaH sunizcitAsambhavabAdhaka pramANAtvAt /

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54 | nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 17-18 isa samasta kathana kA bhAvArtha aimA hai ki pramANa se jisa pakSa phAna nAstitva siddha ho aura na astitva siddha ho kintu usakA astitva yA nAstitva siddha karane ke lie jo kevala zAbdika rUpa meMpratIti ke rUpa meM mAna liyA gayA ho vaha vikalpasiddha dharmI kahA gayA hai / yahI bAta "anizcita prAmANyAprAmANya pratyayataH" isa pada se samajhAI gaI hai / jaise--''sarvajJaH asti "svara viSANaM nAsti' yahA~ para sarvajJa aura bara viSANa ye donoM dharmI haiN| dharmI-pakSa-jo hotA hai vaha prasiddha hotA hai / sAdhya kI taraha baha aprasiddha nahIM hotA hai / "parvato'yamagnimAn" meM parvatarUpa pakSa-dharmI pratyakSa pramANa se jAnane meM A rahA hai ataH vaha pramANa prasiddha dharmI hai / aisA dharmI yahA~ yaha sarvajJa yA khara viSANa nahIM hai ataH jaba taka anumAna pramANa dvArA isakA astitva yA nAstitva siddha nahIM ho letA hai taba taka isake pahale ye donoM kebala pratItimAtra se hI gamya hai, pramANa se gamya-siddha nahIM haiN| pramANa prasiddhadharmI pratyakSa pramANa se prasiddha hotA hai jaise agni sAdhya karate samaya parvatarUpa dharmI pratyakSa se pratIti meM AtA hai / ubhayasiddha dharmI meM dRSTAnta "zabdo'nityaH' hai / vartamAnakAlIna zabda zrAvaNapratyakSagamya hai aura bhUtakAlika evaM bhaviSyakAlika zabda vikalA se gamya hote haiM / isa taraha dharmI kI siddhi vikalpa se, pramANa se aura ubhaya se hotI huI kahI gaI hai / / 16 // sUtra--svArthAnumAna pratibodhaka pakSa hetu vacanAtmakaM vAkyaM parArthAnumAnamupacArAt // 17 // . uttAnArthamavaH- asya sUtrasyAzayo bhAvArthazca svArthAnumAna-parArthAnumAna-bheda-pratipAdake 12 sUtre // saMskRte hindI TIkAyAJca spaSTIkRtaH / sUtra--sAdhyA vinAbhAvo vyAptiH / / 18 / / saMskRta TIkA-sAdhyasya vanhyAdeH avinAbhAvaH-na vinA bhAvaH avinAbhAvaH sAdhya-vahni vinA hetorna bhAvaH astitvaM vRttitvaM saMbhavatIti / dhumasya vahi vinA na bhAva evaM vyAptiriti bhAvaH evaM ca vanyabhAvaprati jalahadAdI dhUmasya avRttitvameva vyAptiriti bhAvaH / yathA "parvo'yaM dhamayAna" ityatra parvataH pakSaH, vahniH sAdhyaH, dhUmohetuH tatra sAdhyasya vajherabhAvaH sAdhyAbhAvaH- banhyabhAvaH so'sti yasmin iti vanyabhAvarUpa sAdhyAbhAvavAn jalahadAdistasmin mIna zabAlAdirvartate dhUmastu na vartate ataeva vanyabhAvAdhikaraNa jala hadanirUpita vRttitvaM mInazebAlAdo tAdRza vRttitvAbhAvarUpA vyAptidhUme saGgatA / seva ca vyAptiH sAdhyAvinAbhAvarUpA'vagantavyA / tatra dhUmo vyApyaH vahnistu vyApako bhavati / nyUnadeza vRttitvaM vyApyatvam adhika deza vRttitvaM vyApakatvam iti vyAya-vyApakayoH sAmAnya lakSaNam, dhUmo vanyapekSayA nyUna deza vRtti tayA vyApyo bhavati ayogolakAdau vahnaH satve'pi dhUmasyAsatvAt / vahnistu dhUmasya vyApako vartate ayogolakAdAvetra dhUmasyAsattve'pi vaha kRtitvAdityavadheyam / sUtrArtha-sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kA jo avinAbhAva hai usI kA nAma vyApti hai| hindI vyAkhyA-sAdhya-vahni-Adi ke binA dhUma kA nahIM honA isI kA nAma sAdhyAvinA 1. na khalu hetuprayogAtsU sarvajJamya vikalpa vihAyAnyana: kutadhicat siddhirasti / - syAdvAdaratnA kAra pu. 541 / sarvajJohi astitvasiddhaH prAga na pratyakSAdi pramANasiddhaH api tu pratItimAvasiddha iti vikalpa siddho'yaM dharmI tathA kharaviSANamapi nAstitva siddhaH prAga vikalpa siddhama ubhayasiddho dharmI yathA zabdaH pariNAmI kRtavatyAdityatra zabdaH, sahivartamAna pratyakSapramANagamyaH bhUto bhatiSyazca viklpgmmH| -- nyAyadI0 pu. 21 /

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nyAyarazna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 16 | 55 bhAva hai / aisI sAdhyAvinAbhAvarUpa vyApti hotI hai / jahA~ agni nahIM hotI aise jalada Adi pradeza meM dhUma kA abhAva hotA hai| aise bAdhaka pramANa ke bala se isa vyApti kA nizcaya hotA hai| " parvata agnivAlA hai dhUma vAlA hone se " jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai to yahA~ parvata pakSa hai, agni sAdhya hai aura ghUma hetu hai / Tata kA abhAva yaha sAdhyAbhAva hai / yaha sAdhyAbhAva jisameM hotA hai aisA jalahadAdi pradeza sAdhyAbhAva vAlA pradeza hai / isa pradeza meM mIna zaivAlAdi rahate haiM tuma nahIM rahatA hai / isalie vanhyabhAvAdhikaraNa rUpa jalahRda meM vRttitA mIna zaivAla Adi meM AtI hai, ghUma meM nahIM AtI hai- kyoMki dhUma aise pradeza meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| aisI yaha vyApti sAdhyAvinAbhAvarUpa hotI hai| dhUma vyApya aura agni byApaka hai / nyUna deza meM jisakA rahanA hotA hai vaha vyApya aura adhika deza meM jisakA rahanA hotA hai vaha vyApaka hotA hai / agni ke binA dhUma nahIM pAyA jAtA, para duma ke binA agni ayogolaka Adi meM pAyI jAtI hai / isIlie dhUma vyApya aura agni vyApaka kahI gaI hai| vyApya vyApaka kA yahI sAmAnya lakSaNa hai / isa taraha vyApya ke sAtha vyApaka kA aura sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kA jo avinAbhAva sambandha hai| isI kA nAma vyApti hai // 18 // sUtra - antarvyApti bahirvyApti mevAviyaM dvividhA || 16 | saMskRta TIkA-pUrvokta svarUpA sAdhyAvinAbhAvarUpA vyAptivividhA nigaditA antarvyAptiH, bahirvyAptizca / tatra pakSAntarbhAveNaiva yatra sAdhane sAdhyanirUpitA vyAptinizcitA bhavati sA antarvyAptirucyate / yathA - " matputro'yaM gRhe vakti evaMvidha svarAnyathAnupapattaM" ityAdI matputra rUpa pakSAntabhaviNaiva evaMvidha svarAtmaka sAdhane gRhabhASaNarUpa sAdhya nirUpitA vyAptirgRhyate / tatra evaMvidha svarAtmaka sAdhanasya matputrarUpapakSAtirikta vyApterabhAvena dRSTAntAsaMbhavAt bahirvyAptirna saMbhavati apitu antarvyAptireva / yatra punaH pakSAtirikta sthale sAdhyasAdhanayoravinAbhAvarUpA vyAptigRhyate tatra vahirvyAptiH bhavati yathA"parvato'yaM vahnimAn dhUmAt mahAnasAdivat / atra parvata rUpa pakSAtirikta sthala mahAnasAdau sAdhyasAdhanayorvyAptigRhItA bhavati / iyamavinAbhAvarUpa vyAptiH sahabhAva niyamapA kramabhAva niyamarUpA bhavati / sahacAriNoH vyApya vyApakayozca sahabhAva niyamarUpA pUrvottaracAriNoH kAryakAraNayozca kramabhAva niyama rUpA vyAptirbhavati / sUtrArthaM - yaha vyApti antarvyApti aura bahirvyApti ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai / hindI vyAkhyA -- yaha abhI-abhI prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki sAdhyAvinAbhAva rUpa vyApti hotI hai / antarvyApti aura bahirvyApti ke bheda se yaha vyApti do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| pakSa meM hI jo sAdhya sAdhana kA sAhacarya rUpa sambandha gRhIta kara liyA jAtA hai vaha antarvyApti hai / jaise--yaha merA putra ghara meM bola rahA hai kyoMki yadi yaha merA putra na hotA to usakA aisA svara bhI nahIM hotaa| yahA~ para pakSa merA putra hai, gRha meM bola rahA hai yaha sAdhya hai aura "evaMvidha svarAnyathAnupapattiH" hetu hai| yahA~ para sAdhana kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti matputrarUpa pakSa meM hI gRhIta huI hai, bAhara meM nahIM; kyoMki yahA~ para dRSTAnta kA abhAva hai| tathA jahA~ para sAdhya sAdhana kI vyApti pakSa se atirikta dUsare sthala meM gRhIta kI jAtI hai vaha bahirvyApti hai / jaise - yaha parvata agnivAlA hai dhUmavAlA hone se, jo-jo dhUmavAlA hotA hai vaha agnivAlA hotA hai - jaise rasoIghara / yahA~ para dhUma aura agni kI vyApti rasoIghara meM prakaTa kI gaI hai yaha avinA

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 20-21 bhAvarUpa vyApti sahabhAva niyamarUpa aura kramabhAvaniyamarUpa hotI hai-sahabhAva niyama kA vyApti sahacArI rUpa rUparasAdikoM meM aura vyApya vyApakoM meM hotI hai| yaha niyama hai ki jahA~ para rUpa hogA vahA~ para rasa, gandha, sparza ye avazya hI hoMge kyoMki ye saba sahabhAvI haiM ataH eka ke sadbhAva se apara kA sadbhAva anumita ho jAtA hai / pUrvaghara evaM uttaracara meM tathA kArya-kAraNa meM kramabhAva niyama hotA hai / / 16 / / . sUtra-pakSIkase dhamiNi tadanyatra ca sAdhyasAdhanayoAptigraho'nsabAhiryAptiH / / 20 // ___ saMskRta TIkA---uttanAthamadaH-pakSIkRte viSaye sAdhanasya sAdhyena vyAptiravyabhicAro'nta pitaruktA pUrvam / bahiH pakSIkRtA viSayAdanyatra tu dRSTAntamiNi tasya tena vyAptirbahiAptiriti uktam / sUtrArtha-pakSa meM sAdhya sAdhana kI vyApti kA graha aura pakSa se bAhara sapakSa meM vyApti kA graha kramazaH antayApti aura bahirvyApti kA svarUpa hai| hindI vyAkhyA-19, sUtra dvArA isa sambandha meM vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai tAtparya kevala itanA hI hai ki pakSa meM hI jo sAdhya sAdhana kI vyApti hai vaha antarvyApti hai aura pakSa se bAhara--sapakSa --dRSTAnta meM jo sAdhya sAdhana kI vyApti hai vaha bahirvyApti hai / / 20 // sUtra-je hetopasaMhAra bacatavat sAdhye vivakSitAdhAratA pradarzanArthaM sa prayoktabhyaH // 21 // saMskRta TIkA-idaM sAdhyaM pratiniyatasthAne vattate ityevaM pratiniyata mAdhyAdhAraM pradarzayituM gamyamAnasyApi pakSasya prayogaH karaNIyaH anyathA sAdhya sandehApanodo na syAt yathA-''parvato'yamagnimAn dhUmavattvAt yatra-yatra dhUmastatra-statra agniryathA mahAnasam tathA cAyam" amunA prakAreNa hetoH pratiniyata rdhAmANi sadabhAvakhyApanArtha prayogaH kriyate tathava sAdhya vyApta sAdhana pradarzanena parvatAdirUpa-pakSo gamyo jAyate tathApi sAdhyasya banhyAdevivakSitAdhArAdhigamArtha gamyasyApi pakSastha prayogo'pi AzrayitavyaH kthitH| hindI vyAkhyA--bauddha siddhAnta pakSa kA prayoga nahIM mAnatA hai / ataH pakSa kA prayoga avazya karanA cAhiye isa bAta ko prakaTa karane ke liye yaha sUtra kahA gayA hai / isake dvArA yaha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki jaba vaktA aisA kahatA hai ki dhUmavAlA hone se yaha parvata agnivAlA hai to isa prakAra ke pratipAdana se dhUma aura agni nirAdhAra to rahate nahIM haiM kisI na kisI AdhAra para hI rahate haiM ataH itane kathana se yadyapi sAdhya kA AdhAra sAmAnyataH jAna liyA jAtA hai / ataH jAna liye gaye ko jAnane ke liye punaH usakA prayoga karanA nirarthaka hai aisI bauddha kI AzaGkA kA parihAra karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki jo pakSa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha nirarthaka isaliye nahIM hai ki usase sAdhya kA pratiniyata AdhAra prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai jaise-"jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai jaise rasoIghara, usI prakAra se yahAM para bhI dhUma hai" isa prakAra se hetu kI vivakSita AdhAratA prakAzita karane ke liye punaH pakSa meM hetu kA prayoga kiyA gayA nirdoSa mAnA gayA hai / yadi pakSa kA prayoga na kiyA jAya to sAdhya kahA~ para hai parvata sahakramamAbinoH sahakrama bhaavniymo'vinaabhaavH| -pramANa mImAMsA 41 sahakrama bhAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH 15. sahacAriNocyApya vyApakayopaca sahabhAvaH 12 pUrvottaracAriNo kArya kAraNayopaca kramabhAvaH // 13 // -parIkSAmukha 32.3

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nyAyaratna : nyAya ralAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra : 22-23 / meM hai yA koI aura dUsarI jagaha hai isa prakAra kA sandeha ho jAtA hai, ataH sAdhya ke AdhAra viSayaka sandeha ko dUra karane ke liye gamyamAna bhI pakSa kA prayoga karanA doSAvaha nahIM hai kintu Avazyaka hai / / 21 / / sUtra--sAdhana samarthanamiva pakSaprayogo'paryanuyogArhaH / / 22 // saMskRta TIkA-kAryasvabhAvAnupalabdhibhedena trividhaM sAdhanamuktvaMva tasma asiddha yAdi doSa parihArapUrvakaM svasAdhya - sAdhana - sAmarthya prarUpaNarUpaM samarthanaM vidadhAno bauddhaH paraM prati kayaM pakSa prayoga praznAha kuryAt / tatsamarthanasyApi samAna praznAtyAt asamayitA hai svasAdhya sAdhane masti hetumabhidhAyaiva tatsamarthanaM bhavitumarhatIti cetpakSaprayogamantareNa sAdhanamapi kutra svasAdhyaM sAdhayediti pakSasyApi prayogaH krnniiyH| hindI vyAkhyA-bauddhoM ne kArya hetu, svabhAva hetu aura anupalabdhi hetu isa taraha se tIna prakAra ke hetu bhAne haiN| aura ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki jaba taka hetu kA samarthana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai taba taka vaha apane sAdhya kI siddhi karAne meM asamartha rahatA hai| yaha hetu asiddha nahIM hai viruddha nahIM hai ityAdi rUpa se hetugata kaNTakoM kA uddhAra karanA aura vaha apane sAdhya ko siddha karane meM samartha hai aisA prakaTa karanA isI kA nAma samarthana hai| isa para jaina dArzanikoM kA aisA kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra hetu kA kathana karake hI usakA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai isI prakAra se pakSa kA prayoga karake hI vahAM para sAdhya kI siddhi hetu dvArA kI jA sakatI hai, binA isake nahIM / hetu ke prayoga binA jaisA samarthana usakA nahIM ho sakatA hai isI prakAra pakSa ke prayoga kiye binA hetu apane sAdhya kI siddhi nizcita AdhAra meM nahIM kara sakatA hai--ataH 'pakSa kA prayoga avazya hI karanA cAhie / / 22 / / sUtra-hetuprayogo dvividhastathopapattirUpo'nyathAnupapattirUparaca // 23 // saMskRta TIkA-tathA-matyeva sAdhye hetospapattiH sadbhAvaH tathopattiH, anbaya svabhAvaH asati sAdhye hetoranupapatiH-asadbhAvaH anyathAnupapasiH vyatirekasvabhAvaH anamostathopapatyanyathAnupapattyomadhyAdanyatarasyAH prayogenaiva sAdhyasiddhI satyAM dvitIyasyAH prayogasyaikatra sAdhye nararthakyam / parvato'yaM vahnimAn ghUmavattvopapatterayaM tathopapattirUpo hetuprayogaH tathA parvato'yaM vahnimAn dhUmavatvAnyathAnupapatterayam anyathAnupapattirUpo hetuprayogaH / lathopapatsyanyathAnupapattibhyAm anbaya vyatirekAveva zabdAntareNa pratipAditI bonyau| sUtrArtha-tathopapattirUpa evaM anyathAnupayattirUpa ke bheda se hetuprayoga do prakAra kA hai| hetu do prakAra kA nahIM hai| tathopapattirUpa jo hetuprayoga hotA hai vaha anvaya rUpa hotA hai tathA anyayAnupapattirUpa jo hetuprayoga hotA hai vaha vyatirekarUpa hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-sAdhya ke sadbhAva kA nAma tathA hai aura upapatti nAma hetu kA honA hai / hetu kA sadbhAva sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI hotA hai ataH jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki "parvato'yam agnimAn dhUmavattvopapatteH" to yahA~ para dhUmavattvopapattirUpa jo hetu hai vaha tathopapattirUpa hetu hai| kyoMki yahA~ para sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM mAdhana kA sadbhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / isI taraha jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki "parvato'yam agnimAn dhUmavatvAnyathAnumAteH" to yahA~ para "dhUmavasvAnyathAnuvapaneH" rUpa jo yaha hetu hai vaha anyathAnupapatti 1. yahA "ca" zabda se upalabdhiparUna Adi aura bhI hetu ke bhedoM kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai / nyA0TI08

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nyAyaratna : nyAyarAmAvalI TIkA : sUtIya adhyAya, sUtra, 24 rUpa hetu hai| kyoMki anyathA zabda kA artha hai sAdhya kA abhAva, aura anupapatti zabda kA artha hai dhUma kA nahIM honA 1 isa taraha sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA nahIM honA yahI anyathAnupapatti hai / ina donoM kA prayoga "parvato'yam agnimAt tathopapattaH anyathA'nupapatteH" isa taraha se eka sAtha nahIM karanA cAhie / kyoMki kisI eka hI tathopapattirUpa yA anyathA'nupapattirUpa hetu ke prayoga se hI sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| ataH dvitIya hetu kA prayoga eka sAdhya kI siddhi meM akibdhirakara ho jAtA hai| jahA~ hetu pada meM "tathopapati" isa prakAra ke zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAve jaise "parvato'yaM vahnimAn tathopapatteH" yaha tathopapatti rUpa hetu kA prayoga hai aura jahA~ para hetu ke sthAna meM "anyathAnupapatteH" aise zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAve vaha anyathA'nupapattirUpa hetu kA prayoga hai / tathopapattirUpa hetu anvayarUpa aura anyathAnupapatti rUpa hetu vyatirekarUpa hotA hai| isa taraha tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ina hetuprayogoM dvArA anvaya aura vyatireka kA hI zabdAntara se pratipAdana huA jAnanA cAhiye // 23 // satra-pakSasAdhana evAnumAnAGa / / 24 // saMskRta TIkA--avadhAraNapareNa evakAreNodAharaNAdikamanumAnAMganeti sUcitaM bhavati / pakSa zabdenAtra dharmami samudAya rUpA pratijJoktA / sAdhyAvinAbhAvi hetuH sAdhanam / vyutpannazrotustAvanmAtregaivAnumityudayAt pakSa sAdhane va evAnumAnAMge, etena parArthInumAne yadanyasyaMgatA paJcAMgatA cA proktA tanirastA pratijJA hetuprayoga mAtreNavodAharaNAdi pratipAdyasyArthasya gamyamAnasya vyutpannena jJAtuM zakyatvAt na caivaM prastAvAdinA vyutpannena jJAtuM zakyatvAt pratizAntarbhAvI pakSo'pi na prayoktavya itivAcyam hetu mAtra prayoge vyutpannasthApi sAdhyAdhAra sandehA nivRttaH, tasmAnniyamataH pratijJAntargataH pakSaH prayoktavya iti / sUtrArya-pakSa-pratijJA aura hetu-mAdhana ye do hI anumAna ke aMga haiN| hindI vyAkhyA yahA~ sUtra meM jo "eva" pada diyA gayA hai, usase yaha bAta prakaTa kI gaI hai ki pakSa-pratijJA aura hetu-sAdhana ye do hI anumAna ke aGga--avayava hai| isase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ye anumAna ke aMga nahIM haiM / pakSa zabda se yadyapi sAdhya kA AdhArabhUta parvatAdi rUpa sthAna kahA jAtA hai| parantu yahA~ para anumAnAMga ke vicAra meM dharma sAdhya aura dharmI pakSadonoM kA samudAya hI pakSa zabda se gRhIta huA hai / isa taraha dharma dharmI kI samudAya rUpa pratijJA hotI hai| jaise "parvato'yaM vahnimAda" yaha pratijJA hai / sAdhya ke sAtha jo avinAbhAvI hotA hai vaha sAdhana hai| jaise "dhUmAt" yaha sAdhana hai / anumAna ke ye do hI aMga-avayava-parArthAnumAna kI apekSA isaliye mAne gaye hai ki vyutpanna zrotA ko ina donoM avayavoM ke sunane mAtra se anumiti kA udaya ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra se parArthAnumAna meM aMgadvaya kA kathana se jo kinhIM-kinhIM anya dArzanikoM ne isake tIna aMga, cAra aMga yA pA~ca aMga mAne haiM vaha mAnyatA nirasta ho jAtI hai| kyoMki udAharaNAdi dvArA--udAharaNa, upanaya 1. anayoranyataraprayogeNaSa sAdhyapratipattI dvitIya prayogapaikatrAnupayoga iti |--syaadvaadrlaakr sUSa 33 pR0560 / anayo hetu prayogayorussirvacibhyamAtram-nyAyadIpikA pR0 22 nAnayostAtparya bhedH|--prmaannmiimaaNsaa sUtra 51050 / 2. pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa ye tIna aMga anumAna ke sAMkhyoM ne mAne haiM, inameM upanaya ko milAkara cAra aMga bhImAMsakoM ne mAne haiM, inameM nigamana ko milAkara pAMca aMga naMyAyikoM ne mAne haiN|

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gyAyarasna : nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 25 | 56 aura nigamana ina tIna avayavoM dvArA jo viSaya pratipAdana karane ke yogya hai vaha saba vyutpanna zrotA gamyamAna hone se ina do avayavoM dvArA hI jAna letA hai / ataH unake prayoga kI bahA~ AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI hai anyathA punarukti doSa AtA hai| prazna-yadi aisA mAnA jAve ki udAharaNAdikoM dvArA pratipAdya jo biSaya hai vaha gamyamAna hotA hai ataH vyutpanna zrotA ina do pratijJA aura hetu dvArA use jAna letA hai / isaliye unake prayoga karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM par3atI hai to isI prakAra se anumAna prayoga karate samaya jo pratijJA aura hetu ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA Apane prakaTa kI hai-so usakI bhI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? sAdhya aura hetu kA ho prayoga honA cAhiye kyoMki pratijJA ke antargata pakSa kA jJAna prakaraNa Adi ko lekara vyutpanna zrotA ko ho hI jaavegaa| phira "parvato'yam agnimAn" isa pratijJA vAkya meM gamyamAna parvatarUpa pakSa ke prayoga karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? uttara - cAhe kitanA bhI vyutpanna zrotA kyoM na ho vaha kevala hetu ke prayoga se sAdhya ke vivakSita-pratiniyata-AdhAra kA jJAna nahIM kara sakatA hai ataH kevala dhUma hetu ke sunane se "agni kahA~ para hai" aisA use saMdeha hogA hI, isaliye usa AdhAra viSayaka sandeha kI nivRtti ke liye gamyamAna bhI pakSa ke prayoga karane kI AvazyakatA hai // 24 // sUtra-mandamati pratipAyApekSayobAharaNAdInyapi paJca yathAyathaM prayojyAni // 24 // saMskRta TIkA-vyutpanna tIvra buddhi ziSyApekSayA pratijJA heturUpa vAkyadvayasyaiva parArthAnumAnAvayavatvaM proktam, samprati avyutpatra mandamati ziSyApekSayA pratijJA hetU-dAharaNopanaya-nigamanAnAme teSAM paJcAnAM zuddhInAM ca parArthAnumAnAvayavatvaM pratipAdyate / ato yo mandamatiH ziSyAdiH pratiyodhyo bhavati tadapekSayaiva parArthAnumAnasya dazAMgatA yathAyathaM jJAtavyA / idamiha rahasyam-manda-tIna-tIvratama buddhibhedAt pratipAzAstrividhA jAyante / sadapekSayA parArthAnumAnarUpAH kathA api trividhAH pratipAditAH yasyAM kathAyAM kevalaM liga pratipAdyate sA kathA jaghanyA, damAdIn avayavAn yatra prayoktA nivedayati sA kathA madhyamA, dazabhiratrayavaH paripUrNA kathA utkRSTA, anena sUtreNa etAstisaH kathA yathAyathaM padena sUcitAH // 25 // sUtrArya - manda mati vAle pratipAdya-ziSyajanoM kI apekSA se udAharaNa AdikoM kA yathAyogya rIti se prayoga karanA kahA gayA hai / hindI vyAkhyA- isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne yaha samajhAyA hai ki parArthAnumAna kA eka ho' prakAra nahIM hai / dUsare ko jisa kisI bhI taraha saralatA se prameya kI pratIti ho jAya usI taraha se yala karake samajhAnA cAhiye / dUsaroM ko zabdAdi dvArA sAdhana se sAdhya ko samajhAnA yaha saba parArthAnumAna hai| 1. liGga kevalameva yatra kathayatyeSA jaghanyA kathA / tU yAdInyatra nivedayatyayavAneSA bhavenmadhyamA / / utkRSTA dazabhirbhavedavayaH sA jlpitriymii| janareva vilokitAH kRtadhiyAM vAde traya: sasathAH / / -syAvAda 20 pRSTha 56 2. nakaH parArthAnumAnasya prakAraH / -syAvAdaratnAkara pu0 584

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalo TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, bhUtra 26-27 yaha zabdAvi dvArA dUsaroM ko samajhAne kA upAya daza avayava vAlA sAdhana kahA gayA hai / pakSa Adi pAMca avayava aura pakSa zuddhi, hetu zuddhi Adi pA~ca unakI zuddhiyA~ / inameM vyutpanna tIvra buddhi ziSya kI apekSA pratijJA aura hetu kA hI prayoga karanA paryApta kahA gayA hai kyoMki itane mAtra kahane se hI vaha vyutpanna ziSTama zeSa udAharaNAdikoM ko soca letA hai| tathA jo vyutpanna ziSya isakI apekSA bhI parikarmita matitrAlA hai to vaha kevala hetu ke zravaNa mAtra se hI zeSa avayavoM ko samajha letA hai / pakSa kA jJAna use ho jAtA hai| dRSTAnta kI yAda use A jAtI hai| sAdhya sAdhana ke avinAbhAva sambandha ko grahaNa karane vAlA tarka usake smRti patha meM AjAtA hai| upanaya aura nigamana ko yaha jAna letA hai| aise parimita mati bAle ziSya kI apekSA kevala eka hetu kA hI prayoga karanA batalAyA gayA hai, parantu jo pratipAdya pakSa Adi ke nirNaya se abhI taka anabhijJa banA huA hai taba vaha kevala hetu ke prayoga mAtra se to pakSAdi kA nirNAyaka yA jJAtA ho nahIM sakatA hai use samajhAne ke liye yathAyogya rUpa se ina pratijJAdi pAMcoM avayavoM kA prayoga karake use inakA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai| sAdhyAvinAbhAvI liMga hotA hai yaha bhI use samajhAyA jAtA hai / inake avinAbhAva kA nizcaya karAne ke liye use dRSTAnta kA pradarzana karAyA jAtA hai| phira dhIre-dhIre use vyAptigrAhaka tarka kA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai| isase vaha upanaya aura nigamana ke prayoga karane meM truTi nahIM kara pAtA hai / nahIM to vaha upanaya ke sthAna meM nigamana aura nigamana ke sthAna meM upanaya kA prayoga kara unake sambandha meM ajJAnI banA rahatA hai| isI liye manda mati vAle ziSya kI apekSA ina pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa Adi pA~coM avayavoM kA prayoga bhI saMgata mAnA gayA hai| isI hArda abhiprAya ko hRdaya meM rakhakara isa sUtra kI racanA kI gaI hai| isa hArda se yaha phalita hotA hai ki manda buddhi vAle, tIvra buddhi vAle aura tIvratama buddhi vAle aise tIna prakAra ke pratipAdya hote haiM, aura inhIM kI apekSA parArthAnumAna rUpa kathAe~ bhI jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI hotI haiN| jo kathA kevala tIvratama buddhi vAle pratipAdya ke sAtha kI jAtI hai usameM kevala eka hetu kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / aisI yaha kathA jaghanya kathA hai| jo kathA tIna buddhi vAle ziSyAdi ke sAtha kI jAtI hai usameM pratijJAdi do avayayoM kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai vaha madhyamA kathA hai aura jisameM manda buddhi vAle ziSyoM ko samajhAne ke liye pAMca avayavoM kA evaM unakI zuddhiyoM kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai baha kathA utkRSTa kathA hai // 25 // sUtra-sAdhyadharmAdhAraH pakSaH // 26 // saMskRta TIkA-sAdhayitumiSTaM sAdhyam / sAdhyarUpo dharmaH-sAdhyadharma:--agnyAdiH, tasyAdhAraHsthAna pakSaH dharmIti nAmAntaram / sUtrArtha-sAdhya-dharma kA jo AdhAra hotA hai usI kA nAma hai pakSa / jaise--"parvato'yaM vahnimAn" isa pratijJA vAkya meM vahnirUpa sAdhya dharma kA AdhAra parvata hai ! isalie bahI pakSa kahalAtA hai| sUtra--dharmamisamudAyarUpa pakSasya pratipAvanaM pratijJA yathA-parvato'yamagnimAniti pratijJA // 27 // sUtrArthaH dharma-agni, aura dharmI-pakSa--ina donoM kA eka sAtha kahanA isakA nAma pratijJA hai| 1. anyathA'nupapattyeka lakSaNaM liGgamiSyate / prayoga paripATI tu pratipAdyAnurodhataH // 2 // ----syA0 2010 565

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nyAyarala : nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 28-29-30 / 61 jaisa-yaha parvata agnivAlA hai| yahA~ dharma-A~gana aura dharmI-parvata hai| ina donoM kA eka sAtha kahanA ki-"yaha parvata agnivAlA hai" isa prakAra ke vacanoccAraNa ko pratijJA kahate haiN| sUtra-sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetuH / / 28 // saMskRta TIkA--sAdhyena vinA yo na bhavati sa hetuH / sUtrArtha-sAdhya ke binA jo nahIM hotA hai vahI hetu hai // 28|| sutra-avinAbhAva pratipatta rAspadaM dRSTAntaH // 26 // saMskRta TIkA-sAdhyasAdhanayorgamyagamakabhAvApannayo yo'vinAbhAvasambandhastasya pratipatta: smatirUpAyAH Aspada-sthAnam dRSTAnto bhavati / vyAkhyA-sAdhya aura sAdhana Apasa meM gamya gamaka hote haiN| sAdhya gamya hotA hai aura sAdhana gamaka hotA hai| ina donoM kA jo avinAbhAva sambandha hai-agni ke binA dhUma nahIM ho sakatA hai aisA jo sAdhya ke vinA sAdhana kA nahIM honA hai| isa sambandha ko samajhane kA jAnane kA jo sthAna hai usakA nAma dRSTAnta hai / sAdhana dvArA sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM diyA gayA dRSTAnna una donoM kI vyApti kA smaraNa karAne se vAdI prativAdI donoM ko mAnya hotA hai / / 26 / / sUtra-sAdharmya vaidhAbhyAM sa dvividhaH // 30 // saMskRta TIkA-dRSTayoravalokitayoH sAdhya sAdhanayoH antaH anvayAd vyatirekAdvA sAdhya sAdhanabhAva vyavasthiti nibandhano byAptinirNayo yasminniti sa dRSTAntaH / sAdharyeNa vaidhamryeNa ca sa dvividho bhavati / tatra samAno dharmo'syeti sadharmA tasya bhAvaH sAdharmyam / visadRzo dharmo'syeti vidharmA, vidharmaNo bhAvo dharyam / yatra jijJAsitAtmikasya sAdhyasya tadgamakasya ca sAdhanasyaca vyApti ravinAbhAva sambandha rUpA "yathA'smin satyevedaM bhavati" nizcIyate sa sAdhayaM dRSTAntaH yathA mahAnasam, asyApara nAmAnvaya dRSTAnto'pyasti / yatra ca sAdhyAbhAve sAdhanasyAbhAvo nizcIyate sa vaidharmya dRSTAntaH / asyApyapara nAma vyatireka dRSTAntaH, yathA vahnarabhAve dhUmAbhAyo bhavati jlhdaado|| sUtrArtha- sAdhayaM dRSTAnta aura vaidharmya dRSTAnta ke bheda se dRSTAnta do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| hindI vyAkhyA dRSTa pratyakSa se avalokita sAdhya aura sAdhana kI anvaya aura vyatireka ke dvArA jisameM sAdhya sAdhana bhAva kI vyavasthiti nimittaka vyApti kA nirNaya anta jJAta ho gayA hotA hai vaha dRSTAnta hai / sAdharmya dRSTAnta jaba parvatAdi pradeza meM dhUmarUpa sAdhana dvArA agnirUpa sAdhya siddha kiyA jAtA hai taba mahAnasAdirUpa hotA hai / kyoMki sAdhya sAdhana kA dRSTAnta meM rahanA yA to anvaya ke dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai yA vyatireka ke dvArA / kAraNa isakA yahI hai ki kisI meM sAdhya sAdhana bhAva anvaya vyatireka ke dvArA hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / jisakA samAna dharma hotA hai vaha sadharmA kahA jAtA hai / sadharmA ke bhAva ko sAdharmya kahate haiN| visadRza dharma jisakA hotA hai vaha vidharmA kahA jAtA hai| vidharmA kA jo bhAva hai vaha vaidhayaM hai| jahA~ para jijJAsita artharUpa sAdhya-agni Adi kI aura usake gamaka sAdhana-dhUmAdi kI avinAbhAva sambandharUpa vyApti nizcita ho jAtI hai jaise dhUma ke hone para avazya hI agni hotI hai yathA-mahAnasa Adi pradeza meM, vaha sAdharmya dRSTAnta hai / mahAnasAdi pradezoM ko sAdharmya dRSTAnta kI koTi meM Ane kA kAraNa yahI hai ki mahAnasa Adi pradeza aura jahA~ para abhI agni

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62] nyAya ratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 31-32 siddha kI jA rahI hai vaha eka hI paddhati se sAdhana ke dvArA sAdhya ke siddha kiye jAne ke samAna sthala haiN| yahI inakI sadharmatA yA sAdharmya hai ki inameM dhUma ke sadbhAva se agni kA avazya sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| isa sAdharmya dRSTAnta kA dUsarA nAma avaya dRSTAnta bhI hai / jahA~ sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva nizcita kiyA jAtA hai vaha vaidhayaM dRSTAnta hai| isakA bhI dUsarA nAma vyatireka dRSTAnta hai / sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva jalahada Adi meM pAyA jAtA hai / ataH vaha vadharmya dRSTAnta hai / / 30 / / sUtra-anvaya vyApti pradarzanasthalaM sAdhaya dRSTAntaH / / 31 // ___vyatireka vyApti pradarzanasthala vyatireka dRSTAntaH // 32 // saMskRta TIkA-yatra yatra dhUmastatra-statra agnireSA'nvaya vyAptiH, asyAH pradarzana sthala mahAnasAdikam tadeva sAdharmya dRSTAntaH sAdhyAbhAve sAdhanAbhAvo vyatireka-evaM ca yatra-yatra vanyabhAbastatratatra dhUmAbhAvaH eSA vyatireka vyAptiH asyAH pradarzanasthala-pratItisthAna-jala hradAdikam tadeva vaidhayaM dRssttaantH| hindI vyAkhyA -jahA~ para sAdhya aura sAdhana kI anvayarUpa vyApti dikhAI jAtI hai arthAtjahAM-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai-aisA dhUma aura agni kA sAhacarya sambandha pratipAdya ko dikhAyA jAtA hai ki jisase vaha yaha jAnakara dRr3ha dhAraNA vAlA bana jAtA hai ki "jahA~ para dhUma hotA hai vahA~ niyamataH agni hotI hai" aisI hI ina donoM meM vyApti bana sakatI hai-aisI vyApti nahIM bana sakatI hai ki "jahA~-jahA~ agni hotI hai vahA~-vahIM niyamataH dhUma hotA hai" kyoMki aisA niyama hai ki vyApya ke sadabhAva meM to niyama se vyApaka kA sadbhAva rahegA hI, para aisA yaha niyama nahIM hai ki vyApaka ke sadabhAva meM niyamataH vyApya rahe hI / vyApya vyApaka ke vicAra meM jaina dArzanikoM ne "vyApakaM tadataniSTha vyApyaM tanniSTameva ca" aisA kathana kiyA hai| isakA rahatya aisA hai ki vyApya ke sadabhAva meM bhI aura vyApya ke asadbhAva meM bhI jisakA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai vaha usakA vyApaka hotA hai tathA vyApaka ke sadabhAva meM hI jisakA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai vaha usakA vyApya hotA hai / ataH aisI hI vyApti bana sakatI hai ki "yatra-yatra dhamastatra-statra agniH yathA mahAnasam" yahA~ "mahAnasam" yaha anvaya vyApti ko dikhAne kA sthAna hai / pratipAdya isa sthAna meM dhUma aura agni kI vyApti ko dekhakara dRr3ha dhAraNA se use citta meM zApita kara letA hai aura jaba kahIM para jAte samaya parvatAdi sthAna meM ur3ate hae dhama ko dekhatA hai to badra usa sthAna para-mahAnasarUpa sAdharmya sthAna para-gRhIta kI gaI ina donoM kI vyApti kA smaraNa kara letA hai aura phira agni kI anumiti usa parvata para karatA hai / isa taraha se yaha sAdhamya dRSTAnta anvaya vyApti kA pradarzana sthAna kahA gayA hai / jahA~ agni nahIM hotI hai--sAdhya nahIM hotA hai- vahA~ sAdhana bhI _ma bhI nahIM hotA hai, yahI vyatireka vyApti hai| aura isa vyApti ko usane jaladAdi pradeza meM gRhIta kiyA hai, ataH vaha vyatireka dRSTAnta kahA gayA hai / jisa taraha anvaya vyApti pradarzana karate samaya sAdhya vyApaka hotA hai aura sAdhana vyApya hotA hai usI prakAra vyatireka vyApti meM sAdhyAbhAva vyApya 1. sAdhya sAdhanayo oNptiryava nishciiytetraam| sAdhamryeNa sa dRSTAntaH sambandha smaraNAnmataH // 15||-nyaayaavtaar: sAdhye nivartamAne tu sAdhanasyApyasaMbhavaH / syApyate yatra daSTAnte vadhamyaNati sa smRtaH ||11||-nyaayaavtaar:

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nyAya raNa : nyAyaratnApalI TIkA: tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 33-34-35 aura sAdhanAbhAva vyApaka hotA hai kyoMki sAdhya ke abhAva meM aura usake sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM bhI dhUmAbhAva rahatA hai| isa kAraNa dhUmAbhAva vyApaka aura tanhyabhAvarUpa sAdhyAbhAva vyApya mAnA gayA hai // 31-32 / / sUtra--sAdhyAdhAra punahetu sadbhAvakhyApanamupanayaH / / 33 / / saMskRta TIkA-sAdhyasya-banyAderAdhAraH-parvatAdi rUpapakSastasmin tathAH-cAyam" ityAdi rUpeNa hetoH-sAdhanasya dhUmAdeH punaH sadbhAvakhyApanamullekhakaraNam upanaya ucyate / upanIyate sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena viziSTo hetuH sAdhyamiNyupadarzyate yena sa upanaya iti vyutpttH| sUtrArtha -- sAdhya ke AdhArabhUta pakSa meM hetu kA duharAnA-punaH hetu ke sadbhAva kA kathana karanA ima kA nAma upanaya hai| __hindI vyAkhyA-jaba pratipAdya ko aisA samajhAyA jAtA hai ki jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~vahA~ agni avazya hotI hai jaise mahAnasa, usI prakAra se yahA~ para bhI-parvatAdi pradeza meM bhI dhUma hai ta: yahA~ para bhI agni hai / so isa prakAra ro eka bAra to dhamarUpa sAdhana kA prayoga "parvato'yaM vahnimAna dhUmAt" isa prakAra kI pratijJA ko bolate samaya kiyA gayA aura phira anvaya dRSTAnta ko dikhAte hue punaH aisA kahA gayA ki "dhUmazcAtra" yahA~ para bhI dhUma hai / arthAt "tathA trAyama" jaisA mahAnasa dhUmavAlA hai aisA hI yaha bhI dhUmavAlA hai / "dhUmazcAtra" aura "tathA cAyam' ina donoM padoM kA eka hI artha hai| isa taraha se hetu kA pakSa meM jo duharAnA hai vahI upanaya hai / / 33 // sUtra-pratijJAyAH punarvacanaM nigamanam / / 34 // saMskRta TIkA-"parvato'yaM vahnimAn" ityevaM rUpA yA pratijJA-dharmarmisamudAyaspA pUrva kathitA tasyAH punarvacanaM-kathanaM yathA "tasmAdagniratra'' idameva nigamanasya lakSaNam / sUtrArtha-pratijJA kA duharAnA, isakA nAma nigamana hai| hindI vyAkhyA-"yaha parvata agnivAlA hai" isa prakAra kI dharma evaM dharmoM ke samudAya kathana rUpa pratijJA hotI hai, yaha pahale prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai| so isI pratijJA kA punaH upanaya ke bAda isa prakAra se duhAnA ki jaba yahA~ dhUma hai (upanaya vAkya) to yahA~ agni hai basa isI kA nAma nigamana hai // 34 / / samprati dRSTAntAdi vacanaM vAda kAle na parapratipattaraGgamiti yadukta tadeva vispaSTIkartumAha-- sUtra-dRSTAnta vacanaM na sAdhya pratipattyarthaM prabhavati tatra hetoreva vyApArAt / / 35 / / saMskRta TIkA- dRSTAntavacanaM para badanumAnAMgarUpatayA svIkRtaM tat ki tastatsAdhya pratipatteraGgamitikRtvA, yadvA'vinAbhAvasmRteraGgamiti kRtvA, AhosvidanyathAnupapatti nirNatiragAmiti kRtvA / eteSu vikalpeSu tAvatprathamAM vikalpo na samIcInaH sAdhyapratipatteryathoktahetoreva jAyamAnatvAt ataH sAdhyasAdhanayoravismRtAvinAbhAva sambandhasya pramAtuH sAdhyAvinAbhAvyekalakSaNa hetoH prayogAdeva sAdhyapratipatterjAyamAnatvAt tat sAdhyapratipatteraGga na bhavatIti jJAtavyam / 1. sAdhyaM vyApakamityAhaH sAdhanaM vyApyamucyate / prayogennayanayetya vyatireke viparyayaH / /

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cyAyaratna ; nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA; tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 36 hindI vyAkhyA anya dArzanikoM ne anumAna kA aGga dRSTAnta, upanaya evaM nigamana ina sabako mAnA hai| para jaina dAnikoM ne cUMki vAda-vivAda karane kA adhikAra vyutpannamativAle vAdI prativAdI ko hI hotA hai, isa kAraNa pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI anumAna ke-parArthAnumAna ke aGga svIkAra kiye haiN| ataH aba isI bAta para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai ki ye jo anumAna ke aMga mAne gaye haiM so kyoM mAne gaye haiM ? kyA inameM jo dRSTAnta haiM vaha sAdhya kI pratipatti meM kAraNa par3atA hai isaliye yA baha avinAbhAva kI smRti meM kAraNa par3atA hai isalie yA vaha anyathAnupapatti kI nirNIti meM kAraNa par3atA hai isaliye anumAna kA aMga mAnA gayA hai / to isI bAta para sUtra kahA gayA hai / inameM--ina vikalpoM meM se prathama jo vikalpa hai usakA vicAra kara uttara diyA gayA hai / isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki vaha dRSTAnta sAdhya kA jJAna nahIM karatA hai / pakSa meM sAdhya kA jJAna to usake sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha vAle heta ke prayoga se hI ho jAtA hai| jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki "yaha parvata agnivAlA hai kyoMki isameM dhUma hai" isa prakAra ke sAdhyAtrinAbhASI sAdhana ke kahane para hI avismRta sAdhya mAdhana pratibandha vAle zrotA ko sAdhya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai to phira umakA jJAna karAne ke lie "yathA mahAnasam" aise dRSTAnta kA kathana anAvazyaka hI hai // 35 // sUtra-nApi tadabinAbhAva smRtaye'nyathAnupapattibalAdeva tasiddhaH / / 36 / / saMskRta TIkA-"parva ilimAna dhUgAta mahAlA tyA payo mahAnasaM dRSTAnto'smAdeva kAraNAt nyastobhavati yattat sAdhya sAdhanayoravinAbhAva smRti kArayati ataH pramAtA mahAnase gRhItam anayoravinAbhAva tatprabhAvataH saMsmRtya pakSa'pi parvabhUte dhUmadarzanato niHzaGkamagnimanuminoti / ityapi pratipAdanaM pareSAM na parama anyathAnapapatti rUpa hetu prayogAdeva tayoravinAbhAva sambandha smRteH / vyutpanna dhotajanastAvat pUrvata eva vipakSa bAdhakabalAdeva tayoravinAbhA gRhItvA pazcAt anyathAnupapatti rUpa hetu darzanenaiva tayoravinAbhAva smarati / na ca dRSTAnta balAdanyathA'ntavyapteirabhASa prasaGgAt // 36 / / sUtrArtha baha dRSTAnta avinAbhAva sambandha kI smRti karA detA hai ataH vaha anumAna kA aMga mAnA gayA hai so yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kAraNa ki anyathAnupapatti rUpa jo hetu kA lakSaNa hai usake bala se hI sAdhya aura sAdhana ke avinAbhAva kI smRti pramAtA ko ho jAtI hai| hindI vyAkhyA-parvato'yaM vanhimAn dhUmAd mahAna savat'' mahAnasa kI taraha yaha parvata agnivAlA hai kyoMki vaha dhUmavAlA hai / isa anumAna prayoga meM mahAnasa dRSTAnta isI kAraNa se diyA gayA hai ki vaha sAdhya aura sAdhana ke avinAbhAva sambandha kI yAda dilA detA hai aura isI se pramAtA dhUma ko dekha kara bahni kA anumAna kara letA hai, kyoMki usane sAdhya aura sAdhana kA sAhacarya sambandha pahale mahAnasa meM kaI bAra dekhA hai| ataH dhUma ko jyoM hI vaha dekhatA hai to vaha kahatA hai ki pahale dekhe gaye mahAnasa kI taraha yaha parvata agnivAlA hai; kyoMki yahAM para bhI dhUma hai| dhUma agni ke binA hotA nahIM hai| isa taraha dRSTAnta sAdhya sAdhana ke avinAbhAva kI smRti karAne vAlA hotA hai| ataH use anumAna kA aMga mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki vaha anumAtA isI ke bala para avinAbhAva sambandha kA smaraNa karake dhUma se bahni kI vahI anumiti karatA hai / so isa prakAra kA pratipAdana karake dRSTAnta anumAna kA aMga nahIM bana sakatA hai| kAraNa ki sAdhya mAdhana ke avinAbhAva sambandha kI smRti anyathAnupapatti ke bala se hI ho jAtI hai| jaba pramAtA yaha jAnatA hai ki dhUma binA sAdhya-agni ke nahIM ho sakatA hai to vaha dhUma ko

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tutIya adhyAya, sUpa 37-36 dekhate hI avinAbhAva saradI smRti svArI kA deza hai hama zrotA pahale yaha jAna cukA hotA hai ki jalahadAdi pradeza meM agni nahIM hotI hai to vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hotA hai| yadi yaho bAta mAna lI jAve ki dRSTAnta avinAbhAva sambandha kI smRti kagatA hai to phira jahA~ pakSa meM hI sAdhyasAdhana kI vyApti gRhIta kara sAdhana se sAdhya kI anumiti kI jAtI hai vaha kaise kI jAvegI? vahA~ to dRSTAnta kA abhAva hI rahatA hai| ataH antarvyApti hotI hai| isa kAraNa dRSTAnta avinAbhAva sambandha kI smRti karAne meM kAraNabhUta na hokara vyutpanna zrotA kI apekSA usakA aMga nahIM banatA sUtra--nApi dRSTAntenAnyathA'nupayattenirNayo'navasthA prasaGgAt // 37 // saMskRta TIkA-anyathAnupapatti nirNayo hetau dRSTAntena kriyate yadya dhAraNAkRtA bhavettadA vyaktirUpe dRSTAnte tannirNayasya vipratipattI satyAmaparasya dRSTAntasyAnveSaNe durnivArojnavasthA samavatAraH syAt / satrArtha-dRSTAnta hetu ke svarUpabhUta annapathAnupapatti kA nirNaya karAne vAlA bhI nahIM hai| nahIM to usa dRSTAnta meM anyathAnupapatti ke nirNaya meM vivAda upasthita hone para anya dRSTAnna kA anusaraNa karane se anavasthA dUSaNa kA prasaGga upasthita hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-yadi aisA hI ekAnta se kathana kiyA jAye ki dRSTAnta hetu ke anyathAnupapasi svarUpa kA nirNaya karatA hai to phira isa prakAra kI mAnyatA meM vivakSita pratiniyana dRSTAnta meM anyathAnupapatti meM vivAda ho jAne para usake nirNaya nimitta dusare dRSTAnta kI, dUsare dRSTAnta meM anyathAnupapatti ke nirNaya nimitta tIsare dRSTAnta kI isa taraha dRSTAntAnnaroM kI apekSA hote-hote kahIM bhI anyathAnupapatti ke viSaya kI vyavasthiti nahIM ho skegii| isalie yaha bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai ki dRSTAnta hetu ke svarUpabhUta anyathA'nupapatti kA nirNAyaka hotA hai // 37 // sUtra-virAddhAviraddhopasampanupalasidhabhedAtsAdhyasattAsatAsAdhako ghapalabyanupalabdhirUpo heturanekavidhaH // 36 // saMskRta TIkA--anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNo hetuvividhaH vidhirUpaH, pratiSedharUpazca / vidhirUpa hetornAmAntaram upalabdhiH, pratiSedhaheto mAntaramanupalabdhiriti / vidhirUpo hetusAdhya sadbhAvasAdhakaeva, pratiSedha : sAdhyAsaddhAvasAdhakAla yeSAM mAnyatA'sti tAna nirAcikIrSaH satrakAro vikalAviruddhopaladhyAdikamidaM sUtramAha-tatropalabdhirUpo hetuddhividho'viruddhopalabdhi-biruddhopalabdhibhedAt / evameva pratiSedharUpo'pi hetudvividho'viruddhAnupalabdhi-viruddhAnupalabdhi bhedAt / tatra sAdhyena sahAviruddhasya heto rUpalabdhiraviruddhopalabdhiH, sAdhyena saha viruddhasya hetorUpalabdhiH viruddhopalabdhiH, aviruddhopalabdhiH sAdhyasya astitva sAdhikA, viruddhopalabdhistu tasya pratiSedha sAdhikA, sAdhya vidhi sAdhikA'viruddhopalabdhi ppya-kArya-kAraNa pUrvottara-sahacarA viruddhopalabdhi bhedAt SoDhAvartate / viSezvasAdhikA viruddhopalabdhi: svabhAva-vyApya-kArya-kAraNa-pUrvottara sahacara viruddhopalabdhi bhedAtsaptavidhA vartate / evamapi anupalabdherapi aviruddhAnupalabdhi-viruddhAnupalabdhi bhedAda va vidhyam / tapa sAdhyena saha aviruddhasya hetoranupalabdhiviruddhAnupalabdhiriyaM pratiSedhasAdhikA / sAdhyena saha viruddhasyAnupalabdhiviruddhAnupandhiriyaM vidhisAdhikA, aviruddhAnupalabdhiH svabhAva-vyApaka-kArya-kAraNa-pUrvottara sahatharAnupalabdhibhedAt saptavidhA, vidhimAdhikA OM sUtra 38 kI saMskRta TIkA Adi nahIM dI gaI hai| -sampAdaka nyA TI06

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66 / nyAmaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 36 viruddhAnupalabdhiH viruddha kArya-kAraNa-svabhAva-vyApaka-sahacarAnupalabdhibhedAt paJcavidhA bhavati / etAsAM sarvAsAmudAharaNAni yathAsthAnamagre svayaM satrakAra pratipAdayiSyati / / 36 // hindI vyAkhyA hetu do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / eka upalabdhirUpa hetu aura dUsarA anupalabdhi ruuphetu| inase upalabdhi rUpa hetU apane sAdhya kI sattA kA hI sAdhaka hotA hai aura anupabdhi rUpa hetu / sattA kA sAdhaka nahIM hotA hai apAta usake pratiSetra kAhI sAdhaka hotA hai| aisI jo ekAntavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA hai| usa mAnyatA ko hI isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne haTAyA hai aura anekAnta rUpa mAnyatA kA maNDana kiyA hai / isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki hetu kA anyathAnupapatti yahI eka nirdoSa lakSaNa hai| isa lakSaNa vAlA hetu vidhirUpa aura pratiSedha rUpa hotA hai jaise "parvato'yaM vahnimAn dhumAt" yahA~ dhUmarUpa hetu vidhirUpa hai, kyoMki vaha agnirUpa sAdhya ke astitva ko siddha karatA hai| "nAstyatra prANini mithyAtva AstikyopalabdheH" isa prANI meM mithyAtva nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM Astika bhAva kI upalabdhi ho rahI hai| yahA~ para hetu pratiSedha rUpa hai kyoMki yad mithyAtva kA pratiSedha siddha karatA hai / itanA citta meM avadhAraNa karake isa mUtra ko samajhanA caahiye| vidhirUpa hetu kA nAma hI upalabdhirUpa hetu hai| yaha upalabdhi aviruddhopalabdhi aura viruddhopalabdhi ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai| sAdhya ke sAtha jo hetu viruddha nahIM hotA hai vaha aviruddhoklabdhi rUpa hetu hotA hai| aisA hetu apane sAdhya ke astitva kA sAdhaka hotA hai aura jo hetu apane sAdhya se viruddha hotA hai| vaha usakA sAdhaka nahIM hotA hai kintu usakA pratiSedhaka hotA hai| aisA hetu viruddhopalabdhi rUpa hotA hai| isa prakAra ke kathana se yaha hama bhalI-bhAMti samajha jAte haiM, ki upalabdhirUpa hotA huA bhI hetu vidhi aura pratiSedha ina donoM kA sAdhaka hotA hai / isI prakAra se anupalabdhirUpa jo hetu hotA hai vaha bhI apane sAdhya ke astitva aura nAstitva donoM kA sAdhaka hotA hai| yadi vaha sAdhya se aviruddhAnupalabdhi rUpa hai, to vaha usake nAstitva kA aura yadi vaha viruddhAnupalabdhi hai to vaha usake astitva kA sAdhaka hotA hai| sAdhya ke astitva kA sAdhaka jo aviruddhopalasvirUpa hetu hai vaha chaha prakAra kA hotA hai--- sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdhirUpa hetu (1) sAdhyAviruddha kAryopalabdhi rUpa hetu (2) sAdhyAviruddha kAraNopalabdhi rUpa hetu (3) sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi rUpa hetu (4) sAbhyAviruddha uttaracaropalabdhi rUpa hetu (5) aura sAdhyAviruddha sahacaropalabdhi rUpa hetu (6) / sAdhya ke nAstitva kA sAdhaka jo viruddhopalabdhirUpa hetu hai vaha sAta prakAra kA hai--svabhAva viruddhopalabdhi rUpa hetu (1) viruddha kAryopalabdhi rUpa hetu (2) viruddhacyApyopalabdhirUpa hetu (3) viddhakAraNopalabdhirUpa hetu (4) viruddha pUrvacaropalabdhirUpa hetu (5) viruddha uttaracaropalabdhirUpa hetu (6) aura viruddha sahacaropalabdhirUpa hetu (7) / sAdhya ke nAstitva kA sAdhaka jo aviruddhAnupalabdhirUpa hetu hai vaha 7 sAta prakAra kA hai aura viruddhAnupalabdhirUpa jo hetu hai baha 5 pA~ca prakAra kA hai / ve 7 prakAra ye haiM-aviruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhi (1) aviraddha vyApakAnupalabdhi (2) aviruddha kAryAnupalabdhi (3) aviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi (4) aviruddha pUrvaca rAnupalandhi (5) aviruddha uttaracarAnupalandhi (6) aura aviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi (7) / viruddhAnupalabdhi ke 5 pA~ca bheda haiM-viruddha kAryAnupalabdhi (1) viruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi (2) viruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhi (3) viruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi (4) aura viruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi (5) / inakA spaSTIkaraNa sUtrakAra Age karane vAle haiM-ataH vahIM se ina saba kA bodha sugama rIti se

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mAyaratna : nyAyararanAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 40 |67 ho jaavegaa| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM, ki upalabdhi aura anupalabdhi-vidhirUpa aura pratiSedha rUpa hetu mUla rUpa se dvividhatA vAlA hotA haA bhI apane usarabhedoM ke anusAra aneka prakAra kA ho jAtA hai, tathA vidhirUpa upalabdhi hetu aura pratiSedharUpa anupalabdhi hetu vidhisAdhaka aura niSedhamAdhaka hote haiN| isI bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa aba kiyA jAtA hai // 36 / / sUtra--vaniH pariNatimAn prayatnAnantarIyakatvAditi prathamA // 40 // saMskRta TIkA-pUrva sAdhyAbiruddhopalabdhevidhyanumitau SaDvidhatvamukta tatra tasyAH pratyeka bhedaM sodAharaNaM lakSayitu prathamopAttAyAH sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdheH svarUpaM prakAzyate-dhvaniH pariNatimAnityAdinA, dhvaniratra pakSaH pariNatimattvaM sAdhyam prayatnAnantarIyakatvaM sAdhanam / idaM sAdhanamatra svasAdhyana pariNatimattvena sAkaM kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandhena sthitaM sadeva vyApyarUpaM jAtam vyApyapadena prakRte svasAdhya svabhAvasya grahaNAt sAdhyAvinAbhAvarUpa vyApyasva mAtramatra na gRhItaM tathA pa pariNatimatvena sAdhyena saha kathaMcittAdAtmyena sthitasya prayatnAnantarIyakatvasya svabhAvasyaivAtra vyApyAtvena vivakSaNAt asyAH sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdha mAntaraM svabhAvopalabdhirityapi ukta bhavati / tenAtra vyApyapadena dhUmAdi hetoH kAryAtmakasya bahirUpa mAdhya vyApyatve'pi grahaNaM na bhavati vahni-dhUmayoH paraspara bhinnatayA tAdAtmyAbhAvena ghumasya bahni svabhAvatvA saMbhavAditi / eva vidhasya vyApyasya sAdhyenAviruddhasya heto rUpalabdhiH sAdharyeNa vaidhamryeNa ca bhavatIti vibhAvanIyam / hindI vyAkhyA--zabda pariNati vAlA hai--anitya hai| kyoMki vaha prayatna se utpanna hotA hai| jo prayatna se utpanna hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai jaise kalaza Adi / athavA jo anitya nahIM hotA baha prayatna se utpanna nahIM hotA hai / jaise bandhyA putra / zabda prayatna se utpanna hotA hai / ataH vaha anitya hai| isa prakAra se yaha anvaya vyatireka dvArA sAdhya se aviruddha vyApya kI upalabdhi vidhisAdhikA kahI gAIko yahA~ dhvani-zabda dharmI-pakSa hai, pariNatimattA yaha sAdhya hai, aura prayatnAnantarIyakatva heta hai| yaha heta pariNatimatva sAdhya ke sAtha kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha se yukta hotA huA ho vyApyarUpa banA hai| kyoMki AkAza Adi padArthoM meM pariNatimatva to hai para vahA~ prayatnAnantarIyakatA nahIM hai / isI kAraNa yahA~ prakRta meM sAdhyAvinAbhAvarUpa vyApyatva gRhIta nahIM huA hai kintu kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambadha se sthita prayatnAnantarIyakatArUpa svabhAva hI zabda kA yahA~ vyApya pada se gRhIta huA hai| isI se isakA dUsarA nAma svabhAvopalabdhi bhI kahA gayA hai / jisa rUpa se kAryAtmaka dhUmAdirUpa hetu vahnirUpa sAdhya ke vyApya mAne jAte haiM usa rUpa se apane sAdhya ke sAtha kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha vAlA hetu vyApya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / kintu vaha usakA svabhAva rUpa hotA hai, isase vaha usakA vyApya mAnA jAtA hai / isI kAraNa kAryAtmaka hetu kA yahA~ vyApya pada se grahaNa nahIM huA hai kyoMki vaha usakA svabhAva nahIM hotA hai| batiaura dhUma ye donoM paraspara bhinna haiN| ataH inameM tAdAtmya sambandha kA abhAva hai isalie dhUmajhapa vyApya heta meM vahni svamAvatA nahIM AtI hai| ataH zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha prayatna se janya hotA hai / yahA~ yaha hetu sAdhyAviruddha byApyopalabdhi rUpa hetu hai / yahA~ pAbda meM isa hetu kI upalabdhi mAdharmya aura vaidharmya donoM prakAra se hai| tAtparya kahane kA yahI hai ki yahA~ sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdhi meM vahI dharma vyApya rUpa se gRhIta haA hai jo apane sAdhya ke sAtha kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha se yukta hai / isI kAraNa isakA dUsarA nAma svabhAvopalabdhi bhI kahIM-kahIM kahA gayA hai // 40 //

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68 nyAyaratna : nyAyaralAbalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 41, 42, 43 sUtra--parvato'yamagnimAn dhUmopalammAvitti dvitIyA / / 41 // saMskRta TIkA-prathamA sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdhiH kathitA adhunA dvitIyA sAdhyAviruddha kAryopalabdhiH kathyate / parvato'yamagnimAnityAdinA / evaM ca sAdhyena balinA saha aviruddhasya dhUmarUpa kAryAsmaka hetopalabdhiH sAdhyAviruddha kAryopalabdhiH evamanyadapi udAharaNAma svayamunneyam / hindI vyAkhyA sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdhi kA kathana karake aba sUtrakAra dvitIya jo sAdhyAviruddha kAryopalabdhi hai, usakA kathana karate haiM / isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jo kAryarUpa hetu apane sAsa ke sAtha vista hI hotA hai, desA vaha adhika kArya hetu apane sAdhya kI sattA kA gamaka hotA hai| jaise 'yaha parvata agnivAlA hai, kyoMki dhUmavAlA hai| yahA~ parvata pakSa hai, agnivAlA hai, yaha sAdhya hai / aura dhUmabAlA hetu hai / yahA~ dhUma hetu apane sAdhyarUpa vahni kA aviruddha kArya hai| ataH apane sadbhAva se vahA~ agni kA vaha gamaka hotA hai / isI taraha se aura bhI isa dvitIya upalabdhi kA udAharaNa svayaM samajha lenA cAhie // 41 // sUtra-astyatra chAyA chatropalambhAditi tRtIyA // 42 / / saMsthata TokA-sAdhyAviruddha kAryoMpalabdheH svarUpaM nirUpya sAdhyAviruddha kAraNopalabdheH svarUpaM nirUpyate / "astyatrachAyA chatratvAditi" / yatra sAdhyena saha avirukhasya kAraNasyopalabdhirbhavati tatrayeyaM tRtIyopalabdhirjAyate yathA asmin pradeze chAyA asti tadaviruddhasya chatrarUpa kAraNasyopalabdheH, evameva "vRSTirbhaviSyatyatronnata vArivAhAbalokamAt" idamapi asyAstRtIyopalabdherudAharaNaM jJAtavyam / unnatavArivAhAvalokanato bhaviSyavRSTeranumiterbhavanAt / hindI vyAkhyA-dvitIya sAdhyAviruddha kAryopalabdhi kA svarUpa prakaTa karake aba isa sUtra dvArA tRtIya sAdhyAviruddha kAraNopalabdhi kA svarUpa prakaTa kiyA jA rahA hai| jahA~ para sAdhya se aviruddha usake kAraNa kI upalabdhi hotI hai / jaise--yahA~ para vivakSita sthAna para chAyA hai| kyoMki usakA jo kAraNa chAtA hai usakI upalabdhi ho rahI hai| yahA~ para 'atra' yaha dharmI hai, chAyA yaha sAdhya hai aura chAtA yaha hetu hai / yaha hetu sAdhya kI chAyA kA aviruddha kAraNa hai, aura usakI yahA~ upalabdhi ho rahI hai / ataH isa hetu se usa sthAna meM chAyA kI anumiti hotI hai| isI taraha unnata jala se bhare hue meghoM ke dekhane se aisA anumAna karanA ki yahAM para barSA hogI yaha sAdhyAviruddha kAraNopalabdhirUpa hetu kA udAharaNa hai / / 42 // sUtra-bhaviSyati rohiNyuSayaH kRttikoSayopasambhAviti caturthI / / 43 // saMskRta TIkA-sAdhyAviruddha kAraNopalabdhaH svarUpaM nirupyAdhunA sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacaropalabdheH svarUpaM lakSayitumAcha-'bhaviSyati rohiNyudayaH' ityAdi, evaM ca sAdhyena sahAviruddhasya pUrvacarasya hetorupalabdhiH sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi caturthI muhUrtAnte rohiNyudayo bhaviSyati adhunA kRttikA nakSatrodayopalambhAdityatra sAdhyena bhaviSyatkAlika rohiNI nakSatrodayena saha aviruddhasya kRttikAnakSatrodayarUpasya hetopala dhyA bhaviSyatkAlika rohiNI nakSatrodayAnumitirbhavati pUrvacarasya kRttikodayasya na pUrvokta vyApyasvarUpa svabhAve'ntarbhAvaH, nApi kArye'ntarbhAvaH, nApi ca kAraNe'ntarbhAvaH saMbhavati tasya pUrvacarasya kRttikodayasya rohiNyudayasya ca parasparabhinnatvAt rohiNyudayakAryatvAbhAvAt, tasya rohinnyudykaarnntvaabhaavaaccetibhaavH|| 43 / /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 44-45 hindI vyAkhyA-isa prakAra se sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi kA svarUpanirUpaNa kara aba sUtrakAra sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate haiM / sAdhya se aviruddha usake pUrvaghara hetu kI jo upalabdhi hai / eka muhUrta ke bAda rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hai / yahA~ sAdhya Age udaya hone vAle rohiNI nakSatra ke udaya ke sAtha aviruddha hetu kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya hai aura usakI vartamAna meM upalabdhi ho rahI hai| aisA niyama hai, ki kRttikA nakSatra ke udaya ke eka muhUrta bAda niyama se rohiNI kA udaya hotA hai| ataH isake udaya se rohiNI ke udaya kI anumiti hotI hai / isa pUrvacara hetu kA antarbhAva na sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdhi meM hotA hai, na sAdhyAviruddha kAryopalabdhi meM hotA hai aura na sAdhyAviruddha kAraNopalabdhi meM hotA hai| kyoMki jahA~ kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha hotA hai vahIM para hetu sAdhyAviruddha vyApyopalabdhi rUpa hotA hai| isI taraha jinameM kArya kAraNa bhAva sambandha rahatA hai vahA~ para hetu sAdhyAviruddha kAryopalabdhirUpa yA sAdhyAviruddha kAraNopaladhirUpa hetU hotA hai| rohiNI nakSatra aura kRttikA nakSatra meM Apasa meM na tAdAtmya sambandha hai aura na kArya kAraNa bhAva sambandha hai / isalie yaha hetu ina sabase bhinna hai // 43 // sUtra-udagAnmuhUrtAtpUrva punarvatu puSyodayopalambhAditi paJcamI / / 44 / / saMskRta TIkA-sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi svarUpaM nirUpyAdhunA paJcamyAH sAdhyAviruddhottaracaropalabdheH svarUpa nirUpayitumAha-"udagAnmuhartAt pUrvam" ityAdi, evaM ca sAdhyena saha aviruddhasya uttaracarasya hetorUpalabdhiH sAdhyAviruddhottaracaropalabdhiH, muhUrta pUrvAtItakAlika punarvasUdayena sahAviruddhasyo. ttaracarasya puSyodayasya hetorupalambhAt muhUrta pUrvAtItakAlika punarvasUdayAnumiti bhavatIti bhAvaH / evamanyadapi svayamunna yam / sUtrArtha-eka muhattaM ke pahale punarvasu nakSatra kA udaya ho cukA hai kyoMki abhI puSya nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hai| yaha pAMcavIM sAdhyAviruddha uttaracaropalabdhi kA udAharaNa hai / hindI thyAkhyA sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi kA svarUpa kahakara aba sAdhyAviruddha uttaracaropalabdhi kA svarUpa-"udagAnmuhUrtAtpUrvam' ityAdi sUtra dvArA prakaTa kiyA jA rahA hai / eka muhUrta ke pahale punarvasu nakSatra kA udaya ho cukA hai kyoMki abhI puSya nakSatra kA udaya ho rahA hai / yahA~ sAdhya punarvasu nakSatra kA udaya hai / usakA aviruddha uttaracara puSya nakSatra kA udaya hai / usakI abhI upalabdhi ho rahI hai-isase eka muhUta pahale punarvasu nakSatra kA udaya ho cukA hai aisI anumiti hotI hai| isI prakAra se aura bhI udAharaNa isa sambandha meM jAna lenA cAhie / / 44 / / sUtra---asmim sahakAraphale rUpavizeSo'sti samAsvAyamAna-ravizeSAviti sAdhyAviruddha sahacaropasaridhaH / / 45 // saMskRta TIkA-paJcamyAH sAdhyAviruddhotaracarogalabdheH svarUpaM nirUpyAdhunA SaSTyAH sAdhyAviruddha sahacaropalabdheH svarUpaM lakSayitumAha-"asmin sahakAra phale' ityAdi / evaJca sAdhyena mahAviruddhasya sahacarasya hetorupalabdhiH sAdhyAviruddha sahacaropalabdhi yadyathA-ammin mahakAra phale rUpa vizepo'sti samAsvAdyamAna rasa vizeSAdityatra sAdhyena rUpa vizeSaNa saha aviruddhasya mahacarasya samAsvAdyamAna rasa vizeSasya hetorupalabdhyA sahakAra phala vizeSa rUpa bizeSAnumitirbhavati etasyApi sahacarasya hetoH svabhAve, kArye, kAraNe pUrvacare uttaracare vA heto nAntarbhAvaH sambhavati / rUpa vizeSapArthakyenaiva rasa vizeSasya

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30| gyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 46 tatra sattvAt tayoH paraspara bhinnatvena tAdAtmyA saMbhavAt svabhAva heto nAntarbhAvaH, evaM savyetara viSANayoriva rUpavizeSa rasavizeSayoyugapadeva jAyamAnatvena kAryakAraNayorapi nAntarbhAvaH taduktamanyatrApikAryaheturayaneSTaH samAna samayatvataH svAtantryeNa vyavasthAnAdvAmadakSiNa zRGgavat / sUtrArtha-isa Ama ke phala meM rUpa vizeSa hai kyoMki isakA jo yaha rasa maiM cakha rahA hU~ baha vizeSa prakAra kA hai / yaha aviruddha sahayopalabdhi kA udAharaNa hai| hindI vyAkhyA--sAdhyAviruddha uttaracaropalabdhi ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karake aba sAdhyAviruddha sahacaropalabdhi kA svarUpa kahA jAtA hai / isa Ama meM rUpavizeSa hai; kyoMki isakA AsvAdyamAna jo rasa hai vaha vizeSa prakAra kA hai| yahA~ para sAdhya rUpaviNeSa hai / usa vizeSa ke sAtha aviruddha samAsvAdyamAna rasa vizeSa hai / aura graha hetu hai, sAdhya ke sAtha isakA sahacara sambandha hai| gAya ke jaise dAhine aura bAyeM donoM zaga eka sAtha hote haiM, unameM kAryakAraNa sambandha nahIM hotA hai / pratyuta sahacara sambandha hI hotA hai / isI prakAra se rUpa rasAdi kA sambandha hotA hai| isa sambandha meM kAryakAraNatA nahIM hotI hai / ataH rAtri meM prakAzAbhAtra meM cakhe gaye rasavizeSa ke dvArA usake sahacArI rUpa kI anumiti ho jAtI hai / yaha sahana ra hetu svatantra hetu hai| isakA bhI antarbhAya pUrvokta sAdhya aviruddha vyApya hetu meM, sAdhyAviruddha kArya hetu meM aura sAcyAviruddha kAraNa hetu meM evaM sAdhyAviruddha pUrvacara tathA uttaracara hetu meM nahIM hotA hai / sAdhyAviruddha vyA va hetu meM isakA antarbhAva isa kAraNa se nahIM hotA hai ki rUpa aura rasa meM tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM hai aura paraspara meM ye donoM svatantra haiM / ataH na koI Apasa meM kisI kA kArya hai, aura na kAraNa hai / isalie kArya kAraNa rUpa hetuoM meM isakA antarbhAva nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra se yaha svatantra ho hetu hai / yahI bAta anyatra bhI kahI gaI hai-samAna samaya vAle hone se saMthA svatantra rUpa se vyavasthita hone se vAma dakSiNa goGga kI taraha sahacara hetu svatantra hI hetu hai| yaha kAryAdirUpa hetu nahIM hai / / 45 / / sUtra-sAdhyaviruddhopalabdhiH pratiSedhAnumito saptavidyA viruddha svabhAva-jyApyAdya palabdhi bhedAt // 46 // saMskRta TokA---pavidhAnAmapi sAdhyAviruddhopalabdhInA svarUpaM pratipAdya adhunopalabdhe dvitIya bhedaM pratipAdayituM prakramyate tatrasAdhyena saha viruddhasya hetorupalabdhiH svasAdhya pratiSedhe sAdhyaviruddha svabhAva -kArya-kAraNa-pUrvottara-sahacaropalabdhi bhedAt sapta vidhA jAyate / evaJca sAdhya viruddha svabhAvopalAdhiH 1. mAdhyaviruddha vyApyopalabdhiH 2, sAdhyaviruddha kAryopalabdhiH 3, sAdhyaviruddha kAraNopalabdhiH 4, sAdhyaviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhiH 5, sAdhya viruddhottaracaropalabdhiH 6, sAdhyaviruddha sahacaropalabdhizceti 7, tannAmAni, tatra pratiSedhyasya sAdhyasya svabhAvena saha sAkSAd viruddhasya hetorupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha svabhAvopalabdhiH sAdhyena pratiSedhyena saha sAkSAdviruddha vyApya rUpa hetorupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha vyApyopalabdhiH, pratiSedhyena sAdhyena maha sAkSAdviruddha kArya rUpa hetorupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha kAryopalabdhiH, pratiSedhyena sAdhyena saha mAkSAdviruddhaspa kAraNarUpa hatorupalabdhiH sAdhyabiruddha kAraNopalabdhiH, pratiSedhyena sAdhyena saha sAkSA 1, parIkSAbhundhe "viruddhatadupalabdhiH pratiSethe tathA" anena sUtreNAsyA upalabadheH praSTa bhevAH pratipAditAH santi /

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nyAyarazma: gyAyaratnAvalI TIkA tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 47-48 | 71 dviruddha pUrvavararUpa hetorupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddhottaracaropalabdhiH pratiSedhyena sAdhyena saha sAkSAdviruddha sahacara rUpa hetorapalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha sahacaropalabdhiH etAsAM saptAnAmapi sAdhyaviruddhopalabdhInAmudAharaNAni yathAkramamagre vakSyante / / 46 / / sUtrArtha-sAdhya se viruddha kI jo upalabdhi hai vaha sAdhya ke pratiSedha kI anumiti meM viruddha svabhAbopalabdhi, viruddha vyApyopalabdhi Adi ke bheda se sAta prakAra kI hai / hindI vyAkhyA - cha: prakAra kI sAdhyAviruddhopalabdhi ke bhedoM kA pratipAdana karake aba upalabdhi ke dvitIya bheda rUpa jo sAdhya viruddhopalabdhi hai / usakA granthakAra kathana karate haiM- isase sAdhya se viruddha hetu kI jo upalabdhi hai / yahI sAdhya viruddhopalabdhi hai| yaha sAdhya ke pratiSedha kA sAdhaka hotI hai / isake sAdhya viruddha svabhAvopalabdhi, sAdhya viruddha vyApyopalabdhi, sAdhya viruddha kAryopalabdhi, mAdhya viruddha kAraNopalabdhi, sAdhyaniruddha pUrvaca ropalabdhi, sAdhyaviruddhottaravaropalabdhi aura sAdhya viruddha sahacaropalabdhi aise sAta bheda haiM inameM pratiSedhya sAdhya ke svarUpa ke sAtha jo hetu sAkSAt viruddha ho aise hetu kI jo upalabdhi hai, vaha sAdhya viruddha svabhAvopalabdhi hai, isI prakAra se pratiSedhya sAdhya ke sAtha jo sAkSAt viruddha hai usa viruddha padArtha ke vyApya rUpa hetu kI jo upalabdhi hai / vaha sAdhya viruddha vyApyopalabdhi hai| pratiSedhya sAdhya ke sAtha sAkSAda viruddha ke kAraNa rUpa hetu kI jo upalabdhi hai, vaha sAdhyaniruddha kAraNopalabdhi hai / pratipeya sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhAra ke pUrva rUpa hetu kI jo upalabdhi hai, vaha sAdhya frana pUrvaropalabdhi hai| pratiSedhya sAdhya ke sAtha sAkSAt viruddha ke uttarantara rUpa hetu ko jo upalabdhi hai vaha sAdhyaviruddha uttaracaropalabdhi hai| tathA pratiSedhya sAdhya ke sAtha sAkSAt viruddha ke sahacara rUpa hetu kI jo upalabdhi hai / vaha sAdhya viruddha sahacaropalabdhi hai| ina sAtoM ko spaSTa rUpa se samajhane ke liye udAharaNoM ko aba dikhAyA jAtA hai / / 46 / / sUtra - AdyA sarva kAmtapakSo na saMbhavati anekAntapakSopalambhAditi // 47 // saMskRta TIkA- Adya padenAtra sAdhya svabhAva viruddhopalabdhihyate / tathA ca sarvathaikAntapakSo'tra pratiSedhyaH asya svabhAvena sahasAkSAdviruddhasya anekAntapakSasyopalambhAt sarvathaikAnta pakSAbhAvasyAnumiti bhavati / hindI vyAkhyA-sAdhya se viruddhabhUta hetu kI jahA~ upalabdhi hotI hai| vaha hetUpalabdhi sAdhya kI pratiSedha sAdhikA hotI hai| isake sAta bheda jo Upara meM prakaTa kiye haiM / unameM se jo prathama sAdhya viruddha svabhAvopalabdhi hai / usakA svarUpa udAharaNa dvArA yahA~ prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki yahAM para pratiSedhya sAdhya sarvathA ekAnta pakSa hai kyoMki usI kA niSedha kiyA jA rahA hai| usakA jo svabhAva-svarUpa hai usa svabhAva svarUpa ke sAtha anekAnta kA virodha hai, aura usI kI vastu meM upafb ho rahI hai ataH vastu sarvathA ekAnta pakSa se rahita hai, aisI anumiti hotI hai / / 47 / / sUtra - dvitIyA-asmi stava nizcayo nAsti tattva sandehAditiH // 47 // saMskRta TIkA - "atra vivakSita prANini-tattvanizcayo nAsti / tatva sandehAt " amunA prakAreNa pratipAdane tattva nizcayazcAtra pratiSedhya tasyaiva pratiSedhAt / tena saha sAkSAdviruddhastattvAnizvayamtenasaha vyApyabhUtasya tattva sandehasyopalabdhyA tattvanizcayAbhAvasyAnumitirbhavati /

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72/ nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 49-50-51-52 hindI vyAkhyA--sAdhya viruddha vyApyopalabdhi kA svarUpa kyA hai ? isa bAta ko samajhAne ke lie granthakAra kahate haiM- "isa prANI meM tattvoM kA nizcaya nahIM hai / kyoMki ise tattvoM meM sandeha hai yahA~ pratiSedhya sAdhya tattvanizcaya hai. kyoMki usI kA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai| jisakA pratiSedha kiyA jAtA hai vahI pratiSedhya hotA hai| isa pratiSedhya sAdhya se viruddha tattvAnizcaya hai| isa anizcaya kA vyApya tattva sandeha hai| aura usI kI isa prANI meM upalabdhi ho rahI hai| ataH isase tattva nizcayAbhAva kI vahA~ anumiti hotI hai| tattvAnizcaya ko vyApaka isalie mAnA gayA hai ki yaha viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya meM sandeha ke binA bhI rahatA hai| parantu sandeha tattvAnizcaya ke binA kahIM para bhI nahIM rahatA hai| isaliye vyApya tattva sandeha se vyApaka tattvAnizcaya kI anumiti ho jAtI hai / / 4 / / sUtra-tRtIyA--asminnAsti krodhopazamo vadanavikAropalambhAditi / / 46 / / saMskRta TokA-atra pratiSedhyaH krodhopazamastena saha sAkSAdviruddhaH krodhaH tasya kArya badanavikArastasyopalabdhirvartate / tayA krodhopaNamAbhAvasyAnumiti bhavati / / hindI vyAkhyA-yaha tIsarI sAdhya viruddha kAryopalabdhi kA udAharaNa hai-yahA~ pratiSedhya krodhopazama hai / isake sAtha sAkSAdviruddha krodha hai| isakA kArya badanavikAra hai| isakI upalabdhi vivakSita prANI meM ho rahI hai| isase krodhopaNama kA abhAva anumita ho jAtA hai / / 46 / / sUtra-caturthI-asyamunerasatyavaconAsti rAga-dveSa kAluSyASita jJAnavasvAditi / / 50 / / saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyam asatyaM vacaH tena saha sAkSAdviruna satyaM vacaH tasya kAraNaM rAgadvaSa kAluSyAduSita jJAnam / tat svasadbhAvataH tatra asatyaM pratiSedhati / hindI vyAkhyA-cauthI sAdhya viruddha kAraNopalabdhi hai| isakA yaha udAharaNa hai-isa muni ke vacana asatya nahIM haiN| kyoMki yaha rAgadveSa kAluSya Adi se aduSita jJAna se yukta hai| yahA~ pratiSedhya asatya vacana hai| usake sAtha sAkSAd viruddha satya vacana hai| usakA kAraNa rAga-dveSa kAlupya se adUSita jJAna hai / aise jJAna se yukta yaha muni hai / ataH isase usameM asatya bacana ke abhAva kA anumAna ho jAtA hai // 50 // sUtra-paJcamI-nodgamiSyati muhUrtAnte zakaTarevatyudgamopalambhAviti // 51 // saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyaH prAkaTodaya rohiNyudayastene viruddho'zvinyudayastatpUrvacage revatyudayastatsadbhAbopalambhAt zakaTodayA bhAvasyAnumitirbhavati / hindI vyAkhyA-pAMcavIM viruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi hai| usI kA isa dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| eka muhUrta ke bAda zakaTa rohiNI kA udaya nahIM hogaa| kyoMki abhI revatI kA udaya ho rahA hai| yahAM para pratiSedhya zakaTodaya hai| isake viruddha azvinI kA udaya hai aura isakA pUrvaghara revatI kA udaya hai| usakI isa samaya upalabdhi ho rahI hai| isase eka muhUrta ke bAda zakaTodaya ke abhASa kI anumati ho jAtI hai / / 51 // sUtra-SaSThI-nogAn muhUrtAt pUrva rohiNI utaraphalgunyukyAviti / / 52 // saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyo rohiNyudayastena saha sAkSAdviruddhasyottaracarasyottaraphalgunyudayasya hetorupalabdhiH (SaSThI) sAdhya viruddhottaracaropalabdhiH /

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 52-54 |73 hindI vyAkhyA--eka muharta ke pahale rohiNI kA udaya nahIM huA hai| kyoMki abhI uttaraphalgunI kA udaya ho rahA hai / yahA~ pratiSedhya rohiNI kA udaya hai| isake sAtha sAkSAdviruddha ArdrA nakSatra hai, usakA uttaracArI pUrvaphalgunI kA udaya hai / isase muhUrta pUrva rohiNI ke udaya hone kA abhAva anumita ho jAtA hai / / 52 / / sUtra-(saptamI)--sAdhyaviruddha - sahacarolapadhiryathA'sya munemithyAjAnaM nAsti sabhyagdarzanopalambhAt // 53 // saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyaM mithyAjJAnarUpaM sAdhyam, tena saha sAkSAdviruddhasya samyagjJAnasya sahacAri samyagdarzanam tatsadbhAvopalabdhyA mithyAjJAnAbhAvasyAnumitirjAyate / mithyAjJAnAbhAva samyagdarzanayoH sahacaratvAt / hindI vyAkhyA-sAtavIM sAdhyaviruddha sahacaropalabdhi hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra se hai-isa muni kA jJAna mithyAjJAna nahIM hai kyoMki isameM samyagdarzana kA sadbhAva hai| yahA~ pratipadhya mithyAjJAna hai / isakA sAkSAdvirodhI samyagjJAna hai aura usa samyagjJAna kA sahacArI samyagdarzana hai| usakI upalabdhi isa muni meM ho rahI hai| ataH isake sadbhAva se usameM mithyAjJAna ke abhAva kI anumati kI gaI hai kyoMki mithyAjJAnAbhAva aura samyagdarzana ye donoM sAtha-sAtha hI rahate haiM // 53 // sUtra-pratiSedhyAviruddhAnupalabdhiH pratiSedhAnumitI saptavidhA pratiSecyAviruddhasvabhAvadhyApaka kAya-kAraNa pUrvottara sahavarAnupalabdhi bhedAt / / 54 / / saMskRta TIkA-niSedhasAdhikAnAM pratiSedhyaviruddha svabhAvopalabdhyAdInAM saptAnAM sodAharaNaM svarUpaM pratipAdyAdhunA pratiSedhyAviruddhAnupalabdheH saptavidhatvaM lakSyate tatra pratiSedhAtmaka sAdhya pratiyoginA pratiSedhyena sahAviruddhAnAM svabhAva-vyApaka kArya-kAraNa pUrvacarottaracara - mahacagaNAM hetunAmanupalabdhiH pratiSedhyAviruddhAnupalabdhiH sA ca pratiSedhAnnumito saptavidhA bhavati / tadyathA-pratiSedhyAbiruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhiH 1, pratiSedhyAviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhiH 2, pratiSedhyAviruddha kAryAnupalabdhiH 3, pratiSedhyAviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhiH 4, pratiSedhyAviruddha pUrvacarAnupalabdhiH 5, pratiSedhyAviruddhottaracarAnupalabdhiH 6, pratiSedhyAviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhizceti etA sAmudAharaNAmi vakSyante / / hindI vyAkhyA--yaha pUrva meM prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki anupalabdhi rUpa jo hetu hotA hai, vaha bhI vidhi sAdhaka aura pratiSedha sAdhaka hotA hai / anupalabdhi mUla meM do prakAra kI hotI hai--aviruddhAnupalabdhi 1, aura virukhAnupalabdhi 2 / inameM pratiSedhya sAdhya se aviruddha hetu kI jahA~ anupalabdhi hai baha pratiSedhasAdhaka hotI hai / yaha pratiSedhalAdhikA aviruddhAnupalabdhi sAta prakAra kI kahI gaI hai - jaise pratiSedhya se aviruddha svabhAva kI anupalabdhi 1, pratiSedhya se aviruddha vyApaka kI anupalabdhi 2, pratiSedhya se aviruddha kAryarUpa hetu kI anupalabdhi 3. pratiSedhya sAdhya se aviruddha kAraNa kI anupalabdhi 4, praniSedhya sAdhya se aviruddha pUrvavara kI anupalabdhi 5, pratiSedhya sAdhya se aviruddha uttaracara kI anupalabdhi 6, aura pratiSedhya sAdhya se aviruddha sahacara kI anupalabdhi 7, inake udAharaNa Age kahe jAne vAle haiM / / 54 // nyAya0TI0 10.

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74 | nyAmararana : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 55-58 sUtra-iha bhUtale ghaTonAsti upalabdhilakSaNaprAptasyApyanupalammAditi pratiSedhyAvima svabhAvAnupalabdherudAharaNam // 55 // saMskRta TIkA-"bhUtale ghaTo nAsti' atra pratiSadhyo ghaTaH tasya upalabdhilakSaNaprAptatvamaviruddha svabhAvatvaM yadyatra ghaTaH syAttahi avazyameva sa prApyeta, parantu upalabdhilakSaNaprAptasyApyasyAdhunopalabdhipatrAkSuSapratyakSa na bhavati ataeva so'tra nAstIti anumitirjAyate / ayameva pratiSedhyAviruddha svabhAvAnupalabdherudAharaNam / hindI vyAkhyA--pratiSedhyAviruddhasvabhAvAnapalabdhi kA svarUpa dRSTAnta dvArA prakaTa karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM jaise isa bhUtala meM ghaTa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha upalabdha hone yogya hone para bhI dikhAI nahIM de rahA hai / yahA~ pratiSedhya ghaTa hai| usakA aviruddha svabhAva hai, upalabdha hone kI yogyatA aura usa svabhAva kI cAkSuSa pratyakSa hone ke svabhAva kI anupalabdhi hai / ataH isa rUpa anupalabdhi se vahA~ para ghaTa kA abhAva anumita ho jAtA hai / / 55 || sUtra--asmin pradeze zizapA nAsti vRkSAnupalabdheriti prativedhyAviruddha pakAnupalabdheH // 56 / / saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyena zizapArUpeNa saha aviruddhasya vyApakasya vRkSarUpakasye hetoranupalabdhyA zizapA'bhAvasthAnumitiratra jAyate vyApakAbhAvena jyApyAbhAvasiddhaH / hindI vyAkhyA-pratiSedhyAviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa isa prakAra se hai| isa pradeza meM zizapA nahIM hai kyoMki vRkSa kI upalabdhi nahIM hai| yahA~ pratiSedhya zizapA hai, usakA aviruddha vyApaka vRkSa hai| usakI anupalabdhi hone se zizapA ke abhAva kI anumiti huI hai / yayoMki vyApaka ke abhAva se vyApya kA abhAva rahatA hI hai / / 56 // sUtra--asmin kebAre'pratihata zaktika bIjaM nAsti aMkurAnuphlammAviti pratiSedhyAviruddha kAryAnupalabdheH / / 57 // saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyama apratihatazaktikaM bIjaM tasya aviruddha kAryam aMkurotpAdaH tasya anupalambhena apratihata zaktikasya bIjasya abhAvasya anumitirbhavati / hindI vyAkhyA-pratiSedhyAviruddha kAryAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa isa prakAra se hai-isa kheta meM apratihata zaktivAlA bIja nahIM hai kyoMki aMkurotpAda kI upalabdhi nahIM ho rahI hai| yahA~ pratiSedhya apratihata zaktivAlA bIja hai| usakA aviruddha kArya aMkurotpAda hai usakI anupalabdhi hone se apratihata zaktika bIja ke abhAva kI anumiti hotI hai / / 57 / / sUtra--asya zamAdayo bhAza ma santi tattvAbhikhAnAmAvAditi pratiSedhyA viruddhakAraNAnupalabdheH // 58 / / ___ saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyena pratiSedhAtmaka sAdhyasya pratiyoginA prazamAdi bhAvena saha avirukSasya tattvArthazraddhAnarUpasya kAraNasya hetorabhAvAt praNamAdibhAvAbhAvasya anumitirbhavati / hindI vyAkhyA-isa prANI meM prazamAdibhAva nahIM hai kyoMki isameM tattvArthazraddhAna kA abhAva hai| yahA~ para pratiSedhya prAmAdi bhAva hai| unakA avirodhI kAraNa tattvArtha zraddhAna hai| kyoMki tattvArthazraddhAnarUpa samyagdarzana ke hone para hI prazamAdibhAva hote haiN| ataH unake avirodhI kAraNa kA abhAva

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jyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tutIya adhyAya, sUtra 56-61 |75 hone se yahAM prazabhAdi rUpa kArya kA abhAva anumita hotA hai / jisakA abhAva hotA hai vaha svayaM pratiyogI hotA hai jaise ghaTAbhAva kA pratiyogI ghaTa hotA hai| yahA~ para prazamAdi bhAvoM kA abhAva prakaTa karatA hai-so prazamAdibhAvoM ke abhAva kA pratiyogI prazamAdibhAva haiN| aura ve hI yahA~ pratiSedhya koTi meM rakhe gaye haiN| jo pratiSedha karane yogya hote haiM, ve hI pratiSedhya hote haiM / inakA avirodhI kAraNa tattvArthazraddhAna hai / usake abhAva meM prazamAdibhAva-kaSAyAdi kI mandatArUpa pariNati nahIM ho sakate haiN| ataH jaba kAraNa kAhI abhAva hai, to phira kArya kase ho sakatA hai ? yahA~ pratiSedhyAviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa hai / isI prakAra se aura bhI isake udAharaNa samajha lene cAhiye / / 58 // sUtra-uttaraphalgumI muhanti nodgamiSyati pUrva phalgunyudayAmAvAriti pratiSedhyAviruddha pUrvacarAnupalabdheH / / 56 // __ saMskRta TIkA-ana muhUrtAnte uttaraphAgunyudayo niSedhyaH-pratiSedhyaH tadaviruddhaH pUrvacaraH pUrvapharagunyudayaH tamyAnupalabdhyA muhUrtAnte uttaraphalgunyudayA bhAvasya anumitirbhavati / hindI vyAkhyA-eka muhUrta ke bAda uttaraphalgunI kA udaya nahIM hogA kyoMki vartamAna meM pUrvaphalgunI kA udaya nahIM huA hai| yahA~ para pratiSedhya sAdhya uttaraphalgunI kA udaya hai| isakA avirodhI pUrvacara pUrvaphlgunI kA udaya hai| pUrvaphalgunI ke udaya hone ke bAda hI eka muhUrta meM uttaraphalgunI kA udaya hotA hai| ataH jaba pUrvaphalgunIrUpa aviruddha pUrvacara hetu kI anupalabdhi hai, to isase yaha anumiti ho jAtI hai ki eka muhUrta ke bAda abhI uttaraphalgunI kA udaya hone vAlA nahIM hai| yaha pratiSedhyAviruddha pUrvacarAnupalabdhi kA dRSTAnta hai / aura bhI dUsare dRSTAnta isI prakAra se samajha len| cAhiye || 56 // sUtra--nogaman muhUtAtpUrva bharaNI. kRttikotgamAbhAvAditi pratiSedhyAvirudyottaracarAnupalabdheH / / 60 / / saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyo muhUrtAtpUrva bharaNyudayaH, tena sahAviruddhottaradharaH kRttikA nakSatrIdgamaH, dasyAnupalabdhiradhunAvata'te'tomuhUrtAt pUrva bharaNyudayAbhAvasyAnumitirbhavatIti / hindI vyAkhyA-eka muhUrta ke pahale bharaNI kA udaya nahIM huA hai| kyoMki kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya abhI taka nahIM ho rahA hai| yahA~ pratiSedhya sAdhya eka muhUrta ke pahale bharaNI kA udaya hotA hai| usake sAtha aviruddha uttaracara kRtikA hai| usake udaya nahIM hone se bharaNI kA udayAbhAva amita hotA hai / / 60 // sUtra--asya samyAnAnaM nAsti samyagdarzanAnupalammAviti pratiSecyAviruddha sahacarAnupalabdheH / / 61 / / saMskRta TIkA-atra pratiSedhyaM sAdhyaM samyagjJAnaM tasya aviruddha sahacaraM samyagdarzanam-tasthAnupalabdhyA samyagjJAnAbhAvasya anumitirbhavati / / hindI vyAkhyA-isa puruSa meM samyagjJAna nahIM hai kyoMki samyagdarzana kA isameM abhAva hai / yahA~ para pratiSedhya sAdhya samyagjJAna hai, aura usakA aviruddha sahacArI samyagdarzana hai / isake abhAva se puruSa meM samyagjJAna kA abhAva anumita hotA hai // 61 //

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76 | nyAyarasta : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 62-63-64 : sUtra - sAdhyavirudvAnupalabdhividhisiddhI paJcavidhA sAdhyaviruddha kArya kAraNa svabhAva vyApaka sahacarAnupalambhabhedAt // 62 // pratiSedhAsiddhIsaptavidhatvaM saMskRta TIkA-pUrva pratiSedhyA viruddhAnupalabdhInAM savizadaM nirUpyAdhunA sAdhyaviruddhAnupalabdhInAM paJcavidhatvaM pratipAdayitumAha-- sAdhya viruddhAnupalabdhItyAdi / tathA ca sAdhyena sahaviruddhAnAM kArya-kAraNa- svabhAva vyApaka sahacarANAmanupalandhi: vidhirUpa sAdhya siddhau paJcavidhA bhavati / tadyathA - sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhiH sAdhya viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhizveti / tatra vidhirUpeNa sAdhyena saha sAkSAdviruddha kAryAtmaka hetoranupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhiH evameva sAdhyaviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhyAdAvapi vijJAtavyam / etA sAmudAharaNAni vakSyante / hindI vyAkhyA - vidhisAdhaka viruddhAnulabdhi ke 5 bheda haiN| jaise--sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhi 1, sAdhyaviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi 2 sAdhyaviruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhi 3, sAdhya viruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi 4, aura sAdhyaviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi 5 / isa anupalabdhi meM sAdhya se viruddha jo koI bhI padArtha ho usake kAryAdika kI anupalandhi vivakSita huI hai| ataH jahAM sAdhya se viruddha ke kAryAdika kI anupalabdhi hotI hai vahAM sAdhya ke sadbhAva kI hI siddhi hotI hai / sAdhyaviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi meM sAdhya se viruddha ke kAraNa kI anupalabdhi vivakSita huI hai / isI taraha sAdhya viruddha svabhAvAnupaladhi meM sAdhya se viruddha ke svabhAva kI anupalabdhi, sAdhyaviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi meM sAdhya se viruddha ke vyApaka kI anupalabdhi aura sAdhyaviruddha sahucarAnupalabdhi meM sAdhya se viruddha ke sahacara kI anupalandhi vivakSita huI hai / ina anupalabdhiyoM kA spaSTIkaraNa Age ke sUtroM meM kiyA jAyegA / sUtra - sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhiryathA-- asmin puruSa rogAtizayo nIrogaceSTAnupalambhAt / / 63 / / saMskRta TIkA - sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdheH svarUpaM pratipAdayitumAha-- sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhirityAdi / tatra sAdhyena saha sAkSAdviruddhasya kAryAnupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhiH - yathA asmin puruSa rogAtizayo vartate nIroga ceSTAnupalambhAt / atra rogAtizayaH sAdhyaM tena saha sAkSAd viruddhA nIrogatA | nIrogatAyAH kAryaM vadanaprasannatAdi vyApAravizeSastadanupalambhAd rogAtizayasya vidhiranumito bhavati / hindI vyAkhyA - jaise -- isa prANI meM rogAtizaya hai / kyoMki isameM nIroga hone kI ceSTA nahIM dekhI jAtI hai - yahA~ para sAdhya rogAtizaya hai, aura isa sAdhya se sAkSAd viruddha nIrogatA hai| isa nIrogatA kA kArya mukha kI prasannatA Adi rUpa vyApAra vizeSa hai| isa vyApAra vizeSa kI anupalabdhi se parokSabhUta bhI rogAtizaya kA sadbhAva anumita ho jAtA hai / / 63 / / sUtra - sAdhyaviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhiryathA--asmin puruSe duHkhamasti sukhasAdhanAnupalabdheH // 64 // saMskRta TIkA - sAdhyamatra duHkham - tena saha sAkSAdviruddha sukham tasya sAdhanamiSTasaMyogAdi svasyAnupalabdhyA parokSabhUtasyApi duHkhasadbhAvasyAnumiti bhavati / hindI vyAkhyA - isa prANI meM duHkha hai kyoMki isake pAsa sukhasAdhana kA abhAva hai| yahA~ para vidhyAtmaka sAdhya duHkha hai / isase sAkSAdviruddha sukha hai| isa sukha kA kAraNa iSTasayogAdi rUpa sAdhana hai /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 65-66-67 [77 vaha isake pAsa upalabdha nahIM hai / isame parokSabhUta duHkha hone kA sadbhAva isa prANI meM anumita ho jAtA hai / yaha sAdhyaviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi kA udAharaNa hai // 61 // sUtra-sAdhyAviruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhirya yA-vastu mAtramanekAntAtmakam ekAntasvabhASAnupalammAt / / 65 / / saMskRta TIkA-atra vastu mAtra pakSaH anekAntAtmakaM sAdhyam / ekAnta svabhAvAnupalambhaH sAdhanam vastumAtrasyAnekAntAtmakatvena ekAnta svabhAvAsyAnupalammAt sAdhyaviruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhirbhavati / ekAntasvabhAvo'nekAntasvabhAvena sAdhyena saha viruddho'taeva tasyAnupalabdhito vastumAtrasyAnekAntAtmakatA siddha yati / hindI vyAkhyA-vasta mAtra anekAntAtmaka hai| kyoMki ekAntasvabhAva kI upalabdhi usameM nahIM hotI hai| yahA~ vasta mAtra pakSa hai. anekAsAtmakatA sAdhya hai aura ekAnta svabhAva yaha hetu hai / isameM anekAntAtmakatArUpa sAdhya se viruddha ekAntAtmakatA svabhAva ko upalabdhi nahIM hone se anekAntAtmakatA sAdhya kI anamiti hotI hai / yahI sAdhya viruddha svabhAvAnapalabdhi hai / 65 / / sUtra-sAdhyaviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi yathA--astpasmina praveze chAyA uSNatvAnupalambhAt // 66 / / saMskRta TIkA-atra sAdhye chAyA uSNatvAnupalambhAditi hetu:-evaM ca vidhibhUtena sAdhyena chAyArUpeNa saha sAkSAdviruddhasya tApasya yad vyApakam uSNatvaM tasyAnupalambhatazchAyAyA anumitirbhavati / hindI vyAkhyA--sAdhyaviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi kA svarUpa isa prakAra se hai / jaise---isa pradeza meM chAyA hai kyoMki yahA~ para uSNatA kA anupalambha hai / yahA~ sAdhya chAyA hai, aura uSNatva kA anupalambha yaha hetu hai / yaha hetu sAdhyaviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhirUpa hai| kyoMki chAyArUpa sAdhya se tiruddha Atadha kA vyApaka jo uSNatvAdika haiM, unakI anupalabdhi hai| ataH uSNatvAdi kI anupalabdhi hone se vivakSita pradeza meM chAyA hone kI anumiti hotI hai / / 66 / / sUtra-sAdhyaviruddha-sahagharAnupalabdhiryathA-asmin puruSe mithyAjJAnamasti samyagdarzanAnupalabdheH / / 67 // saMskRta TIkA-atra sAdhya mithyAjJAnaM tena saha viruddha samyagjJAnaM tasya sahacaraM samyagdarzanaM tasya anupalabdhiH sAdhyaviruddha sahavarAnupalabdhiH anayA sAdhyasya mithyAjJAnasyAnumitirjAyate / sAdhyaM dvividhaM bhavati vidhirUpaM niSedharUpaM ca, evaM heturapi dvividho bhavati-upalabdhipo'nupalabdhirUpazca / tatra upalabdhirUpoM heturyathA-vidhirUpasya sAdhyasya sAdhako bhavati tathA niSedhasyApi sAdhyasya sAdhako bhavati evamanupalabdhirUpo'pi hetu yathA niSedharUpasya sAdhyasya sAdhako gavati tathA vidhirUpamyApi sAdhyasya sAdhako bhavati / sarvametatpUrvokta pratipAdana paddhatyA'vagatametayA / hindI vdhAnayA-sAdhya se viruddha ke sahacara kI jo anupalabdhi hai / vaha sAdhya viruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi hai / jaise-isa puruSa meM miyAjJAna hai kyoMki isameM samyagdarzana kI anupalabdhi hai| yahAM para mithyAjJAnarUpa sAdhya se viruddha samyamjhAna ke sahacara samyagdarzana ko anupalabdhi se mithyAjJAna ke hone kI anumiti kI gaI hai|

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78 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, mUtra 65-66 sAdhya do prakAra kA hotA hai--eka vidhikA aura dUsarA nissedhruup| hetu bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai-eka upalabdhirUpa aura dUsarA anuplbdhiruup| inameM upalabdhirUpa hetu jisa prakAra vidhisAdhya kA sAdhaka hotA hai usI prakAra se baha niSedha sAdhya kA sAdhaka bhI hotA hai| isI taraha se anupalabdhi rUpa hetu bhI vidhisAdhya aura niSedhasAdhya ina donoM kA sAdhaka hotA hai| yaha saba isa pUrvokta paddhati se pratipAdita huA jJAta ho cukA hai|| 67 / / paraJca tatra vidhipadArthaH kaH niSedhapadArthazca kaH iti jijJAsAyAmudbhUtAyAM granthakAraNa pratipAdyAte sUtra-bhAvarUpo vidhirabhAvarUpazca niSedhaH / / 65 / / saMskRta TokA-sarvavastu kaJcit sadasadAtmakamasti anekAntAtmakatvAttatra yaH sadaMzo'sti sa bhAyarUpo vidhiryastvasadaMzaH so'bhAvarUpo niSedhaH / strArtha-vidhi zabda kA vAcyArtha aura niSedha zabda kA vAcyArtha kyA hai ? isa prakAra kI jijJAsA ke utpanna hone para granthakAra kahata hai--bhAvarUpa vidhi aMza hotA hai aura abhAvarUpa niphdhAMza hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-jitane bhI padArtha hai, ve saba kathaMcit san aura asat svarUpa hai / inameM jo bhadaMza hai vaha to vidhisvarUpa hai aura jo asadaMza hai vaha niSadhasvarUpa hai / vidhirUpa aMza bhAvarUpa aura niSedhAMza abhAvarUpa kahA gayA hai, tAtparya isa kathana kA yahI hai ki pratyeka padArtha meM bhAvAMzatA aura abhAvAMzatA sAtha-sAtha yUgapat kisI apekSAvaza hI rahatI hai| bhAvAMzatA ko chor3akara abhAvAMzatA kA svatantra sadabhAva jaina dArzanikoM ne nahIM mAnA hai| vivakSAvaza hI eka ko pradhAna aura dUsare ko gauNa kara diyA jAtA hai / yadi aisI bAta ma mAnI jAye to padArtha kI hI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki eka ko chor3akara dUsare kA astitva usa padArtha meM kathamapi siddha nahIM hotaa| tathA sarvathA astitvaviziSTa yA sarvathA nAstitvaviziSTa padArtha kramazaH yA yugapat arthakriyAkArI nahIM bana sakatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne apane darzana graMthoM meM bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se aneka yuktiyoM dvArA isa bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai // 68 / / sUtra-abhAvazcatuvidhaH prAgabhAva pradhvaMsAbhAvAnyonyAbhAvAtyantAbhAvabhevAt / / 66 / / saMskRta TIkA-abhAvasya cAtuvidhyaM sAmAnyataH kathitaM / vizeSarUpeNa nirUpayitu prAgabhAvAdirUpAn tasyaiva bhedAn granthakAro nirUpayati / evaM ca pUrvokta svarUpastha sadasadAtmakasya varatuno yo'sadaMzarUpo'bhAvaH sa caturvidhovartate tadyathA-prAgabhAvaH, pradhvaMsAbhAvaH, anyonyAbhAvaH, atyanTAbhAvazca / yadabhAve niyamataH kAryasyotpattiH sa prAgabhAvaH yadbhAve ca kAryasya niyatA vipattiH sa pradhvaMsAbhAvaH, anyasya yastuno'nya sminna bhAvaH so'nyonyAbhAvaH, kAlatraye'pi atyantayo'bhAvaH so'tyantAbhAvaH / sUtrArtha-abhAva prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAba, anyonyAbhAba aura atyantAbhAva ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-vastu kathaMcit sat svarUpa aura kathaMcit asatsvarUpa hai| inameM jo vastu kA asadaMza hai bahI abhAvarUpa hai / yaha abhAva hI prAgabhAva Adi ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| jisake nAza hone para niyama se kArya kI utpatti hotI hai, vaha prAgabhAva hai| jisake hone para kArya kI niyama se vipatti-vinAza hotA hai, vaha pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / eka vastu kA eka vastu meM jo abhAva hai vaha

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 70-71 anyonyAbhAva hai / tathA trikAlavartI jo eka padArtha kA dUsare padArtha rUpa nahIM honA hai, vaha atyantAbhAva hai / / 66 / / sUtra-vivakSita paryAyAvirbhAvarikto'nAdisAntastasyotpata: prAgupAdAnapariNAmaH prAgabhAva: / / 70 // saMskRta TIkA-prAgabhAvAdi bhedenAbhAvasya caturvidhatvamuktvA kramazastabhedasvarUpaM pratipAdayituM vivakSita paryAyAvirbhAvarikto'nAdisAnta ityAdinA prAgabhAvasya svarUpa lakSyate-tathA ca vivakSita paryAyaH ghaTATiparyAyastasyAvirbhAva utpatistena rikto mRdAdidravya piNDarUpopAdAna pariNAma eva vivakSita ghaTAdi paryAyasya samutpatteH prAg tasya prAyabhAvaH, ayaM cAnAdiH sAnto bhavati / yathA yadA mRtpiNDAt ghaTotpattibhavati tadAmatpiNDasya vinAzo bhavati / ayaM ca mRtpiNDaH ghaTotpatteH prAka ghaTaparyAyotpattirikto'ghaTaparyAyAvasthAyAM bartate yadA ca tasyotpattirjAyate tadA matpiNDasyanAzo bhavati / ayaMca prAgabhAvojanAdiH sAntuzca ghaTotpattyA tadvinaSTatvAta, ataeva nAyaM prAgabhAvaH sarvathA tucchAbhAvarUpaH padArthAntara rUpatvAt / sUtrArtha-vivakSita paryAya kI utpatti se rahita jo upAdAna pariNAma hai, vahI pahale usakA prAgabhAva hai| hindI sarajamI-abhAvAmAna mAni ke bheda se hAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai so usameM jo prAgabhAva hai usakA yahA~ para lakSaNa nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| vivakSita paryAya kI utpatti se rahita jaba taka upAdAna pariNAma rahatA hai taba taka vaha usa paryAya kI utpatti ke pahale usa paryAya kA prAgabhAva kahA gayA hai| jaise-jaba taka mRt piNDa se ghaTa kI utpatti nahIM huI hai-mRtpiNDa abhI taka aghaTaparyAya se yukta par3A huA hai phira jaba nimittAdi ke mila jAne para usa ghaTaparyAya kI utpatti hone vAlI hai taba vaha mRtpiNDa usa ghaTaparyAya kA prAgabhAvarUpa kahA gayA hai| isa taraha yaha prAgabhAva ghaTaparyAya kA anAdi hotA huA bhI usakI utpatti ho jAne para vinaSTa ho jAtA hai-mRtpiNDa hI ghaTarUpa meM badala jAtA hai| ataH ghaTa paryAya kA prAgabhAva mRtpiNDarUpa jo upAdAna pariNAma hai vaha rUpa hI par3atA hai sarvathA tucchAbhAvarUpa nahIM; jaisA ki anya siddhAntakAroM ne mAnA hai| isI bAta ko lekara jana dArzanikoM ne ise bhAvAntararUpa kahA hai / / 70 / / sUtra-bhUtvA'mavanaM sAdhanantaH pradhyasAbhAvaH / / 71 / / saMskRta TIkA-pradhvaMsAbhAvasya lakSaNa nirdezaM cikIrSuH sUtrakAro bhUtvA'bhavanamityAdi sUtramAhatathA ca yadA mRtpiNDato nimittAdi balato niSpanno ghaTAdi paryAyo vinaSTo bhavati-kapAlamAlArUpeNa pariNato jAyate tadA ghaTo vinaSTa ityevaM rUpo vyavahAro dRzyate kapAlamAlA kAle ghaTasya darzanaM navopalabhyate atobhUtvA'pi mudgarAdi prahArAdinA yadghaTasya dhvaMsaH sa eva tasya pradhvaMsAbhAvaH, ayaMca ghaTasya pradhvaMsAbhAvaH sAdiH balavadvinAzakAraNAdi janyatvAt. niSpannasyava kAryasya dhvaMso jAyate nAniSpannasyAto kAlatraye'pi tadghaTasyapunatpattyabhAvAt pradhvaMsarUpo'bhAvo'nanta iti kathitam / / sUtrArtha-hokara ke phira usakA usa rUpa meM vartamAna nahIM rahanA-jaise niSpanna hue ghaTa kA kapAla mAlA ke AkAra meM badala jAnA---yahI ghaTa kA pradhvaMsAbhAba hai| hinvI vyAkhyA-isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne pradhvaMsAbhAva kA lakSaNa prakaTa kiyA hai tathAcajaba mRtpiNDa se ghada niSpanna ho jAtA hai aura kAlAntara meM sudgarAdi ke prahAra rUpa baliSThavinAza

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nyAyaratna : nyAyarasnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 72-73 kAraNoM dvArA usakA vinAza kara diyA jAtA hai taba usa ghaTa kA kapAlamAlA ke rUpa meM pariNamana ho jAtA hai| isa taraha jo kapAlamAlA ke rUpa meM usakA pariNamana huA hai vaha pUrvAkAra kA parityAga rUpa-ghaTAkAra kA vinAza rUpa hI huA hai / yahI ghaTa kA pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / isa pradhvaMsAbhAva kI utpatti vinAza kAraNoM dvArA hI haI hai| ataH vaha sAdi hai aura aba trikAla meM bhI punaH usa ghaTa kI utpatti hone vAlI nahIM hai| isaliye vaha pradhvaMsAbhAva ananta kahA gayA hai| kyoMki pradhvaMsAbhAva utpanna hue padArtha kA hI hotA hai, anutpanna padArtha kA nahIM, tathA utAna huA pradhvaMsAbhAva vinaSTa nahIM hotA, sadA kAla banA rahatA hai| isalie vaha ananta kahA gayA hai / / 7 / / sUtra-paryAyApAyAntara vyAvRttiranyonyAbhAva: sAviH sAntazca / / 72 / / __ saMskRta TIkA--ekasmAt paryAyAt anyaparyAyANAM vyAvRttiH-vyAvartanam anyonyAbhAvaHitaretarAbhAva iti yAvat, yathA "ghaTo na paTaH' ityatra ghaTaparyAyasya paTAtmaka paryAyAntarAt vyAvRttatvena paTAtmaka paryAyAntarAt yat tasya caparyAyasya vyAvarttanaM bhavati sa eva ghaTe paTAnyonyAbhAva ucyate, "ghaTaH paTAdbhinnaH, paTo ghaTAdinnaH" ityevamAdi zabdai ranyonyAbhAvasyAmilApo bhavati / evameva tad ghaTamya ghaTAntarAdvyAvRttirapi anyonyAbhAva eva / anyonyAbhAvo hi paryAyagvena bhavati, na dravyeSu / tatrAtyantAbhAvasyeSTatvAt, yathA pudgala jIva dravyayoH / idamatra hRdyam-eka smin dravye anantAH paryAyAH santi, teSu pAraspariko yo'bhAvaH so'nyonyAbhAvaH, anyasya anyasminna bhAvo'nyonyAbhAva iti tadvyutpattaH / hindI vyAkhyA-eka paryAya se jo dUsare paryAya kI bhitratA hai, vahIM anyonyAbhAva hai / arthAt eka garyAya kA jo dasarI paryAya meM nahIM pAyA jAnA hai vahI anyonyAbhAva haiM / isakA dUsarA nAma itaretarAbhAva bhI hai| jaise-ghaTa paTarUpa nahIM hai| ghaTa kI svatantratA alaga hai, aura paTa kI svatantratA alaga hai| gha paTarUpa nahIM ho pAtA hai, aura paTa ghaTarUpa nahIM ho pAtA hai / saba paryAya apanI sAtA meM virAjamAna rahatA huA eka-dUsare se judA rahatA hai / yahI anyonyAbhAva hai / yadyapi ghaTa aura paTa donoM paryAya sadbhAva rUpa haiN| kintu ghaTa paTa nahIM hai, aura paTa ghaTa nahIM hai| isa prakAra se donoM meM jo paraspara kA abhAva hai yahI abhAva anyonyAbhAva hai| isI prakAra se eka ghaTa kI dUsare ghaTa se jo bhinnatA hai vaha bhI anyonyAbhAva hai / yaha anyonyAbhAva paryAyoM ke Azrita rahatA hai-dravyoM ke Azrita nhiiN| dravyoM ke Azrita to atyantAbhAva rahatA hai / jaise jIva dravya na kabhI pudgala dravya rUpa hotA hai aura na pudgala dravya kabhI jIva dravya rUpa hotA hai / trikAla meM bhI ye dravya eka dUsare dravya rUpa meM nahIM pariNamate haiN| isa taraha dravyoM meM jo paraspara meM eka dUsare rUpa nahIM honA hai, vaha atyantAbhAva hai 1 tAtparya kahane kA yahI hai ki eka dravya meM ananta paryAya haiN| ina ananta paryAyoM meM Apasa meM jo eka-dUsare kA nahIM rahanA rUpa abhAba hai, vahI anyonyAbhAva hai / aisI hI isakI vyutpatti hai| yaha anyonyAbhAva sAdi aura sAnta hai / / 72 / / sUtra--dravyAdmadhyAntaravyAvRttirasyantAmAvonAdiranamtazca / / 73 // saMskRta TIkA-ekasmAd dravyAt anyadravyasya yA vyAvRttira kAlikI kAlatrayApekSiNItAdAtmya pariNAma nivRttiH saivAtyantAbhAva iti kathyate / yathA-caitanyamAtmatattvaM na pudgalAdyAtmakatAmagamadgamiSyati gacchati bA cetanatvavirodhAt, nApyacetanaM pudgalAdi tattvaM / cetana jIva svarUpatA mayAsItyAsyati vAti vA acetanatva virodhAt / taditthaM cetanA cetanayoH kAlatrayApekSiNyAH dravyAdvyAntara

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myAmaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 73 vinivRtteH sambhavAt siddha yatyatyantAbhAvaH / nanvanyonyAbhAvAtyantAbhAvayorevaM ko nu vizepo ghaTapaTayorapi tAdAtmya pariNAma nivRtta : sadbhAvAt, na khula ghaTaH paTAtmakatAM paTovA ghaTAtmakatA kadAcidapi prApnoti svasvarUpa virodhAt, iti na baktavyama kadAcit / ghaTasyApi paTatva pariNAma sambhavAt, kadAcit paTasyApi ghaTatva pariNAma sambhavAt pudgalapariNAmAniyamadarzanAt, na caiva cetanamacetana tayA'cetanaM cetanatayA vA pariNamamAnaM kadAcidapi dRSTam tattvavirodhAt / samA- eka nAga kana seM bhI dUsare dravyarUpa nahIM honA yahI atyantAbhAva hai| yaha atyantAbhAva anAdi aura ananta hai| trikAla meM bhI eka dravya kA pariNamana dUsare dravya rUpa meM nahIM hotA hai| jIva dravya na ajIva dravyarUpa pariNamatA hai, aura na ajIva dravya jIva dravya rupa pariNamatA hai| isa taraha eka dravya kA jo dUsare dravyarUpa nahIM honA hai vahIM atyantAbhAva hai| prazna-yaha atyantAbhAva kA lakSaNa ativyApti doSa vAlA hai| kyoMki anyonyAbhAva ke lakSaNa nirdeza meM bhI yahI bAta AtI hai-vahA~ para bhI eka paryAya dUsare paryAya rUpa meM nahIM pariNata hotA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| uttara--yadyapi anyonyAbhAva ke lakSaNa nirdeza meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| para yahAM jo kahA gayA hai vaha usase sarvathA bhinna hI kahA gayA hai| vahA~ eka dravya ke ananta paryAya trikAla meM bhI eka paryAya dUsare paryAya rUpa meM nahIM pariNamate haiM, aisI bAta to nahIM kahI gaI hai| ataH kisI nimitta ko lekara Apasa meM anyonyAbhAva vAlA paryAya bhI eka dUsare paryAya rUpa meM pariNamana kara makatA hai, aura pariNamana kara bhI jAtA hai| para yahA~ atyantAbhAva vAle dravyoM meM se koI bhI dravya trikAla meM bhI dUsare dravyarUpa meM nahIM pariNamatA hai| isa prakAra anyonyAbhAva meM kAlika tAdAtmya pariNAma kI nivRtti nahIM kahI gaI hai, yaha kAlika tAdAtmya pariNAma kI nivRtti to isI atyantAbhAva meM prakaTa kI gayI hai| prazna--sUtra meM to aisA kucha nahIM kahA gayA hai phira Apane yaha bAta kaise kahI hai ? usara--sUtra meM yaha bAta nahIM kahI gaI hai, aisA Aropa lagAnA vyartha hai| kyoMki "dravyAddravyAntara vyAvRttiH" yaha jo pada diyA gayA hai, usase hI isa kathana kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| kyoMki jitane bhI dravya haiM, ve saba apanI-apanI svatantra sattA ko liye hue haiN| eka dravya dUsare dravyarUpa meM trikAla meM bhI nahIM badalatA hai; nahIM to dravya vyavasthA hI vighaTita ho jaavegii| prazna- to phira paryAya kaise eka paryAya se dUsare paryAya rUpa meM badala jAtA hai ? utsara-eka paryAya dusare paryAya rUpa meM kAlakramAdinimitta ko lekara badala jAtA hai kyoMki nahIM badalane kA niyama paryAyoM meM nahIM hai| yaha niyama to dravya meM hI hai| manuSya paryAya aura nArakAdi paryAyoM meM yadyapi anyonyAbhAva vartamAnAdi kAla kI apekSA se hai, para kAlAdi nimitta ko lekara manuSya paryAya nArakaparyAya rUpa meM aura mAraka paryAya manuSya paryAya rUpa meM badala jAtA hai / / 70 // // tRtIya adhyAya samAptaH / / nyA0 TI0 11

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caturtha adhyAya parokSapramANasya smaraNAdi bhedacatuSTayaM pratipAdya dAnIm AgamAkhyaM paJcama prakAraM pratipAdayitu mAha sUtra-AptavAkyajanyamarthajJAnamAgamaH // 1 // saMskRta TIkA-Aptasya vAkyam-~-AptavAkyaM tena janyamarthajJAna jIvAjIvAdi svarUpaviSayaka jJAnamAgamaH Agama pramANamiti / atra Agama iti lakSyam avaziSTaM tallakSaNam / atrArtha jJAnapade kevalamucyamAne pratyakSe'tivyAptistasmAdapi arthajJAnaprasUteH atastavyAvRtyarthaM vAkyajanyamiti prokta-bAzyajanyamarthajJAnamAgama ityetAvati udhyamAne rathyApuruSa vAkyajanyamapi jJAnamAgamaH syAt / atastannivRttyartham AptetipadaM proktam / AptavAkyajanyaM jJAnamAgama ityetAvati prokta zrayamANAdAptavAkyAjjAyamAne zrAvaNapratyakSa lakSaNasyAti vyAptiH syAvataH tatparihArArthamarthajJAnamiti kathitam / evaM niSkaMTaka midaM lakSaNamAgamasya jJAtavyam ! sUtrArtha parokSa pramANa ke smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna ina bhedoM kA kathana karake aba pAMcaveM bheda Agama pramANa kA kathana sUtrakAra karate haiM-Apta ke bAkya se utpanna jo jJAna hotA hai usakA nAma Agama hai| hindI vyAkhyA-Apta puruSa ke vAkya se-vacana se jo jIva ajIva Adi padArthoM ke svarUpa kA jJAna-bodha hotA hai, usa jJAna kA nAma Agama hai| yahA~ para Agama yaha lakSya hai, aura zeSa jo pada haiM ve usake lakSaNa haiM / lakSaNa anya vyAvataka hotA hai| ataH aba yahI spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai, ki ina vizeSaNabhUta padoM dvArA kina kA yahA~ para vyavaccheda kiyA gayA hai / yadi arthajJAna ko Agama kahA jAtA to pratyakSAdi pramANoM se bhI arthajJAna hotA hai| ataH ve bhI Agama pramANa ke hI antargata ho jAte aura svatantra pramANabhUta na rahate / isaliye ve svatantra pramANabhUta raheM, Agama pramANa meM inakA antarbhAva na ho isIliye isa Agama lakSaNa meM vAkya vacana se janya jo arthajJAna hai vaha Agama pramANa hai, aimA kahA gayA hai| pratyakSAdi pramANoM dvArA jo arthajJAna hotA hai vaha vAkyajanya nahIM hotA hai| yadi itanA hI kaha diyA jAve ki vAkya se utpanna huA arthajJAna hI Agama hai, to phira icchAnusAra bolane vAle aise vaise AdamI ke vacanoM dvArA jo ardhajJAna hotA hai, vaha bhI Agama pramANa kI koTi meM A jaavegaa| ataH vaha Agama kI koTi meM na A sake isake liye vAkya kA vizeSaNa Aptapada rakhA gayA hai| Apta ke vAkya se 82

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, satra 2 63 janya jo arthajJAna hogA vahI Agama pramANa hogA, isake sivAya aura vyaktiyoM ke vAkya se janya jJAna Agama pramANa nahIM hogaa| yadi itane para koI nikaTastha aisI AzaGkA kareM ki Apta ke vAkya se janya jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha Agama hai, aisA Agama kA lakSaNa karane para kyA bAdhA AtI hai ? to isake samAdhAna nimitta hI arthajJAna Agama hai, aisA kahA gayA hai| kyoMki yadi isa prakAra kA kathana mAnya kiyA jAve, to Aptavacana ko sunane vAle vyakti ko unake sune gaye vacanoM se zrotrendriyajanya jo sanyidahArika pratyakSa matijJAna hotA hai, vaha bhI Agama jJAna kI koTi meM A jaavegaa| ataH Apta ke vacana se utpanna hue arthajJAna ko hI Agama kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra se yaha Agama kA lakSaNa sarvathA nirdoSa hai, aisA jAnanA caahiye| prazna- yadi Apta ke vacana se janya arthajJAna ko hI Agama kahA jAve, to phira unake vacanarUpa jo Agama grantha haiM, ve Agama nahIM kahe jAne cAhiye / parantu unheM bhI to Agama kahA gayA hai""so kima kAraNa se aisA kahA gayA hai ? ____uttara--aisA jo kahA gayA hai vaha upacAra se kahA gayA hai / "mukhyAbhAve sati prayojane nimitta ca upacAraH pravartate" isa kathana ke anusAra mukhya ke abhAva meM kisI prayojanavaza yA nimittavaza upacAra kI pravRtti hotI hai / so Apta kA vacana rUpa Agama yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to jJAna ko AgamatA ke samakSa acetana hone ke kAraNa svayaM pramANarUpa nahIM hotA hai, parantu vaha pratipAdya ke jJAna ke prati nimitta kAraNa hai / ataH pratipAdya ke jJAna ke kAraNa hone se "anna vai prANAH" ke anusAra kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra kara liyA jAtA hai / isaliye Apta vacana ko bhI upacAra se Agama pramANa mAnA gayA hai / yahI bAta isa nimnalikhita sUtra dvArA spaSTa kI gaI hai // 1 // sUtra-tadvacanamapi jJAna hetutvAdAgamaH / / 2 / / saMskRta TIkA-yathA svArthAnumAna pratipAdakava dhanamanumAnarUpaM nigadyate tathaivApta vacanamapi jJAnahetutvAdAgamarUpaM pratipAdyate yupacArAt / yadyapi pramANaM tu jJAnameva bhavati arthAjJAnanivRttyAdi rUpa phalasya tasmAdeva janyatvAt / ajJAnarUpaM vacanAdikaM pramANe na bhavati pramitirUpa kriyAM prati tasyAsAdhakatamatvAt, parantu "tadvacanamapi AgamaH" ityAdi vyavahArakAraNamupacAra eva, upacAra pravRttI ca jJAna prati sahakAritvameva nibandhanam // 2 // sUtrArtha-Apta ke vacana bhI jJAna ke hetu hone se Agama rUpa kahe gaye haiN| hindI vyAkhyA-jisa prakAra se svArthAnumAna ke pratipAdaka bacana anumAnarUpa kahe jAte hai. usI prakAra se Apta ke vacana bhI pratipAdyajana ke jJAna ke kAraNabhUta hone se Agama spa kahe jAte haiN| Apta ke vacanoM meM jo AgamarUpatA kA isa prakAra se kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha kevala upacAra se hI kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi pramANa jJAna ko hI mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki artha-padArtha viSayaka ajJAna kI nivRtti rUpa sAkSAt phala usase hI utpanna hotA hai| vacana pramANarUpa isI kAraNa nahIM mAne gaye haiM ki ve ajJAna jaDa rupa haiM aura isI se ve pramitikriyA ke prati sAdhakatama nahIM hote haiM. paranta ve Apta ke vacana to Agama rUpa se kahe jAte haiM usakA kAraNa pratipAdya ke jJAna meM unakA kAraNa honA hai| ataH isI nimitta ko lekara upacAra se unheM AgamapramANa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / / 2 / /

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAma, sUtra 3 sUtra-avisaMvAdi vacanatvAtparamArthato vItarAga sarvajJa hitopadeSTevAptastIrthakarAdi yavahAratastu laukiko janakAdiH / / 3 / / saMskRta TIkA-yuktizAstrAvirodhivacanatvenAvisaMvAdivacanatvAt vItarAga-sarvajJahitopadezakasyaiva tIrthakarAdeH paramArthato hyAptatvaM siddha yati nAnyasya chadmasthasya, visaMvAdivacanatvAd vItarAgatvasya sarvajJatvasya hitopadezakatvasya tasminabhAvAt / kebalaM bItarAgasyAptatve pASANAdAvapi kevalaM sarvajJasyAptaskhe siddhAtmanyapi, kevala hitopadezakasyAptatve chamasthasyApyAptatya prasaktiH syAdatastribhirebhiguNaviziSTasyaivApsarakhaparamArthato bhavati iti mantavyam / tasyaiva yathAvasthita svarUpopadezakatvAt / rAgadveSAdayo hi doSA vacasya pramANatA kAraNaM bhavanti na ca te tatra santi bItarAgatvAt / vItarAgatvenaiva tasmin sarvajJatA syato TItarAgatve sati sarvajJatve sati yatra hitopadezakatvaM tatraiva paramArthata AptatvaM jJAtavyam / vyavhArApekSayA laukika janakAdayo'pi AptAH // 3 // sUtrArtha-jinake vacana meM pUrvApara meM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai aura isI kAraNa jo avisaMvAdI bancana vAle hote haiM aise tIrthakara arhat paramAtmA Adi paramArtha se vItarAga sarvaza aura hitopadezI hone se Apta kahe gaye haiM: vyavahAradRSTi se laukika janaka Adi sambandhI jana bhI Apta mAne gaye haiN| hindI vyAkhyA-jinake vacana pUrvAgara virodha se rahita haiM aura isI se jo avisaMvAdI vacana vAle haiN| kyoMki inake vacanoM meM yukti aura Agama se kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM AtA hai, aise tIrthakara Adi hI paramArthataH Apta haiM / Apta meM vItarAgatA, sarvajJatA aura hitopadezayAtA ye 3 bAteM hotI haiM, tIrthakarAdikoM meM bhI ye 3 bAteM haiM / ataH paramArthataH ve hI AptakoTi meM Ate haiM / chadmasthajana nahIM kyoMki unake vacanoM meM visaMvAda pAyA jAtA hai aura isI se unameM vItarAgatA, sarvazatA aura hitopadezakatA kA abhAva rahatA hai / prarama-AptatA prApta karane ke lie ina 3 guNoM kI AvazyakatA kyoM kahI gaI hai ? uttara-jaba taka AtmA meM rAgadveSa Adi antaraGga prabala zatru kAma karate rahate haiM taba taka vaha malina banA rahatA hai aura usake bacana meM pramANatA nahIM AtI hai| isI kAraNa rAgadveSa se yukta huA mAnava yathArtha vaktA nahIM ho sakatA / ataH AptatA prApta karane ke lie vItarAgatA guNa Avazyaka hai| vItarAgatA Ane para hI AtmA meM sarvajJatA kA pUrNa prakAza hotA hai / isake prApta kiye binA sUkSmaparamANa AdikoM kA, antarita-kAla vyavahita rAma rAvaNa AdikoM kA aura dUrArtha-deza viprakRSTa sumeruparvatAdikoM kA yathArtharUpa se vizada-nirmala bodha nahIM ho sktaa| hitopadezakatA sarvajJatA prApta karane para hI prakaTa hotI hai / yathArtha jJAna-kevalajJAna-hue, bimA dvAdazAGgarUpa Agama kA upadeza athavA mukti mArga kA upadeza nahIM bana sakatA isalie AptatA prApta karane ke liye ina guNoM kA honA Avazyaka kahA gayA hai| 1. Aptenocchinna doSaNa sarva nAgamezimA bhavitavyaM niyogena nAnyathA chAptatA bhavet / mokSamArgasthanetAraM bhettAraM karmabhUbhRtAm mAtAraM vizvataravAnAM bace taguNasandhaye / /

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bhyAyaratta : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 3 85 prazna-AtmA meM vItarAgatA kaise prakaTa hotI hai ? jasara-AtmA meM vItarAgatA rAgadveSa AdikA ke sarvathA pralaya se prakaTa hotI hai| prapana-rAgadveSa AdikoM kA sarvathA pralaya kahA~ para hotA hai ? uttara-rAgadvoSa AdikoM kA sarvathA pralaya 12vaM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| isakA krama isa prakAra se hai / sarvaprathama mohanIyakarma kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai, aura isake abhAva se jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antararAya kA abhAva eka antarmuhUrta meM ho jAtA hai / yaha saba kAma 12veM guNasthAna ke anta taka ho jAtA hai / vahA~ para AtmA chadmastha vItarAga kahalAne lagatA hai| prazna-chadmastha vItarAma kA kyA artha hai ? uttara-jana taka AtmA meM kevalajJAna utpanna nahIM hotA hai taba taka vaha chadmastha vItarAga kahA jAtA hai| prazna- kevala jJAna kahA~ para utpanna hotA hai ? uttara-kevalajJAna 12 ke anta 13veM guNasthAna meM prakaTa ho jAtA hai / isI avasthA kA nAma sarvazatA prApta honA hai| prazna- sarvajJanA prApta hote hI kyA mukti prApta ho jAtI hai ? uttara- nahIM; sarvajJatA prApta paramAtmA do prakAra ke hote haiM-eka sakala paramAtmA aura dUsare vikala paramAtmA / inameM jinake kala-zarIra vartamAna hai aise paramAtmA kA nAma sakala paramAtmA hai, aura jinake yaha zarIra nahIM hai aise siddha nikala paramAtmA haiN| sakala paramAtmA ko hI aghanta, jina, sarvajJa Adi rUpa se kahA gayA hai / isa saba prakaraNa ko hRdayaGgama karake hI yahA~ para TIkAkAra ne "tIrthakarAdeH paramArthato hyAptatvaM siddha yati" aisA kahA hai| prazna-Apake isa kathana se hama yaha to samajha sake haiM ki vItarAga, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI hI Apta hotA hai / parantu vaha Apta tIrthakara hI kahA gayA hai, anya mukti prApta kevalI paramAtmA nahIM / isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara--jitane bhI jIva paramavizuddhi ko prApta kara sakala paramAtmA bane haiM, ve saba hI yadyapi Apta kI koTi meM Ate haiM parantu jo mukhya rUpa se tIrthaGkara paramAtmA ko hI Apta kahA gayA hai usakA kAraNa tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kI prakRti ke udaya vAle hokara jinhoMne caturvidha tIrtha kI pravRtti kI hai aise Apta RSabhadeva se lekara zrI mahAvIra paryanta 24 hI hue haiN| ataH zAsana pravRtti ke kartA hone se unheM hI mukhya rUpa se AppA kahA gayA hai, anya kevaliyoM ko nhiiN| yahI bAta "tIrthakarAdeH" pada dvArA abhivyakta kI gaI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki paJcanamaskAra mantra meM sarvaprathama 'Namo arihaMtANaM" aisA kahA gayA hai| . prazna-dhItarAga-nirdoSa hI Apta hotA hai aisA mAne to kyA Apatti hai? uttara-taba to "yatra-yatra nirdoSatvaM-vItarAgatvaM tatra tatrAptalam" jahA~-jahA~ nirdoSatA - vItarAgatA hotI hai vahA~-vahA~ para AptatA hotI hai aisI vyApti banegI, aura aisI bana jAne para pASANa,

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 4 akAza, dharma, adharma Adi sabhI dravya Apta kI koTi meM parigaNita hone lgeNge| kyoMki ina sabameM vItarAgatA hai / parantu inheM vItarAga hone se Apta to kahA gayA nahIM hai / ataH isake sAtha sarvajJatA bhI honI cAhiye / so ye pASANAdika vItarAga hone para bhI sarvajJa nahIM hai| isaliye Apta kI koTi se bahirbhUta ho jAte haiN| prazna--to phira vItarAga sarvajJa hone para hI Apta hotA hai aisI bAta mAnane para kyA Apatti hai? uttara-Apatti hai aura vaha isa prakAra se hai-siddha paramAtmA vItarAga sarvajJa pada viziSTa haiM / parantu hitopadezaka nahIM hone se unheM Apta kI koTi meM nahIM liyA gayA hai| ataH vItarAga sarvajJa aura hitopadeSTA ye 3 vizeSaNa Apta ke yahA~ sUtrakAra ne kahe haiN| vacana meM apramANatA ke kAraNa rAgadvaSa Adi hote haiN| bItarAga meM ye doSa hote nahIM haiM / ataH vItarAgatA se sarvajJatA AtI hai, ataH bItarAga hone para evaM sarvajJa hone para jo hitopadezI hotA haitIrtha pravartaka hotA hai bahI Apta hai| laukika vyavahAra kI apekSA mAtA-pitA Adi jo laukika jana haiM ve bhI Apta haiN| kyoMki ve apane-apane putroM ko hita kA upadeza dete haiM, ahita se haTAte haiM, padArthoM kA jhAna karAte haiN| gurujana zikSA dekara jIvana ko ucita Dhaga se saJcAlana karane kA mArga pradarzita karate haiM, Adi / / 3 / / sUtra-svArthaprakAzanazaktiH zabdAnAM sahajAsaMketa sahakatayA tayA'rtha bodhaH / / 4 / / saMskRta kA- Apta vAkyAjjAtasyArthajJAnasyAgamapramANatvena pratipAditattvAttatra zabdAnAmarthabodhakatAzakta: svAbhAvikatve'pi saGketa saha kRtayaiva sayA'rthabodho bhavatIti pratipAdayati-evaM ca ghaTapaTAdi zabdAnAM svasvavAcyArtha viSayaka bodhajanana sAmarthya naisargika vartate na tvIpAdhikaM yathAjaneroSNyaM dAhajananaM ca jalasya zaityaM zaityajananaM ca ityAdi, etadevArtha bodhana janana sAmarthya zaktirityucyate tathA gha yathA cakSurAdIndriyANAM rUpAdigrahaNayogyatA anAdikAlataH siddhatvAtsvAbhAvikItyucyate evameva zabdAnAmapi artha pratipAdana zaktiH anAdikAlataH siddhatvAt svAbhAvikI vartateH kintu yathaiva rUpAdigrahaNaicayogyatAyA kSa rAdInAmanAdikAlataH jiddhatve'pi rUpAdigrahaNe AlokAdeH sahakAritayA apekSA bhavati tathaiva zabdAnAmapi arthabodhana yogyatAyAH anAdikAlataH siddhattre'pi arthabodhane sahakAritayA saMketaguNasthApekSA bhavati ataeva zabdaH sahaja yogyatA saMketavazAddhi vastu pratipatti heturjAyate / nAsatIzaktiH kenApi tatra kattapAryate / ataH sA tatra svAbhAvikI prtipaaditaa| sUtrArtha--zabdoM meM apane vAcyArtha ko prakAdhAna karane kI zakti svAbhAvika hai| parantu phira bhI vaha saMketa se sahakRta hokara hI apane vAcyArtha kA prakAzaka hotA hai / hindI vyAkhyA-jisa prakAra agni meM dAhajanakatA evaM uSNatA svAbhAvika hotI hai. jala meM zItalatA aura zItalatAjanakatA svAbhAvika hotI hai, usI prakAra ghaTa paTa Adi zabdoM meM bhI apane-apane yAcyAthaM ko prakaTa karane kI yogyatA-zakti svAbhAvikI hai, aupAdhikI nahIM hai / yahI artha bodha karAnA zakti zabda dvArA kahA gayA hai /

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nyAyaratna : yAyaratnAvala TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 4 prazna- jaba zabda meM apane-apane bAcyArya ko prakaTa karane kI zakti svabhAvataH hai, to phira use saMketa ke sahAre kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ki jisase vaha apane vAcyArtha ko usake sahAre para prakAzita kare? uttara-zaGkA to ThIka hai / parantu vicAra karane para isa zaGkA kA samAdhAna mila jAtA hai| dekho-cakSa rAdika indriyoM meM rUpAdikoM ko grahaNa karane kI yogyatA svAbhAvika hai parantu itane mAtra se to ve rUpAdikoM ko grahaNa karatI nahIM haiM / unake grahaNa karane meM ve AlokAdirUpa sahakArI kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhatI hI haiN| isI prakAra zabdoM meM apane-apane vAcyArtha ko prakaTa karane kI yogyatA svAbhAvika hai, parantu jaba taka "amuka zabda kA vAcyArtha amuka hotA hai, amRka zabda kA vAcyArtha amuka hotA hai|" aisA saMketa grahaNa nahIM hotA hai-aise saMketa se vaha zabda jaba taka sahakRta nahIM hotA hai jaba taka vaha apane vAcyArtha ko prakaTa nahIM kara sakatA hai / yahI bAta "yauva rUpAdigrahaNa yogyatAyAzcama rAdInAmanAdikAlataH" ityAdi pATha dvArA samajhAI gaI hai| prazna-yadi zabda apane bAcyArtha ko prakAzita karane ke liye saMketa ke sahakAra kI apekSA rakhatA hai to isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki zabda meM apane artha ko prakAzita karane kI yogyatA svAbhAviva nahIM hai-vaha saMketa ke vaza se hI usameM AtI hai ? usara-aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki jo zakti jisameM nahIM hotI hai vaha sahakArizata mila jAne para bhI vahA~ utpanna nahIM kI jA sakatI hai / vandhyA meM bAlotpAdaka zakti nahIM hotI hai to kyA puruSa saMyoga se yaha vahA~ utpanna ho sakatI hai ? nahIM ho sktii| prazna- hama dekhate haiM ki jisa bhUmi ke bhItara nikSipta hue dravya ko hamAre netra nahIM dekha sakate haiM, usa dravya ko ve hI netra viziSTa ajana me saMskRta hone para dekha lete haiM to isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki bhUmi ke bhItara nikSipta hue dravya ko dekhane kI zakti se vikala bane hue bhI ve netra viziSTa aMjana se saMskRta ho jAne para usa prakAra kI zaktivAle bana jAte haiM to phira yaha bAta kaise mAnI jA sakatI hai ki sahakArI kAraNoM se zakti utpanna nahIM kI jAtI hai ? uttara-yaha bAta nahIM hai| cAindriya meM apane viSaya ko hI grahaNa karane kI yogyatA hai, aviSaya ko grahaNa karane kI yogyatA nahIM hai / bhUmi ke bhItara nikSipta hue dravya kA avalokana karanA yaha to cAindriya kA viSaya hI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, aviSya nahIM / aJjana saMskAra ne cakSa indriya ko apane viSaya meM hI to pravRtta karAyA hai; kyoMki rUpa ke avalokana karane kI usameM kSamatA hai| yahA~ aviSaya kahA~ huA? yaha zakti to usameM svabhAvataH hai hii| ho, yadi aisA hotA ki cakSa indriya rasAdika ko sahakArI kAraNa kI sahAyatA se jAnane kI zaktivAlI ho jAtI to yaha bAta mAna lI jAtI ki sahakArI kAraNoM dvArA cakSa indriya meM navIna zakti utpanna kI gaI hai / parantu aisA trikAla meM bhI nahIM hotA hai| yahI bAla "vahi svato'matI zaktiH kartumanyena pAryate" isa abhiprAya ko hRdayaGgama karake yahA~ para kahI gaI hai| ataH yahI mAnanA cAhiye ki zabda svAbhAvika arthabodhana zaktisampanna hotA huA bhI "asmAcchandAdayamartho boddhayo'smAnchandAdayamoM boddhavyaH" isa prakAra ke saGketa se sahakRta hokara hI apane vAcyArtha kA bodha karatA hai aura usI se laukika pavahAra calatA hai / / 4 / /

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nyAyaratna : bhyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 5 sUtra -varNapadavAkyAtmakaH zabdaH // 5 // saMskRta TIkA-ghaTapaTAdi zabdeSu svAbhAvikI svArthabodhakatA zakti pratipAdyAdhunA zabdasya svarUpa jijJAmUnAM kRte tatsvarUpaM nigadyate-"varNapada vAkyAtmakaH" ityAdinA / tathA ca zabdastrividhI varNAtmaka-padAtmaka-vAkyAtmaka bhedAt / tatra paudgalika bhASA vargaNAbhiniSpano'kArAdi varNa rUpaH zabdo vatmikaH, sa ca vAsudevAbhAvAnukampAdeH svArthasya ca pratipAdako yathA "a" zabdena vAsudevarUpArthasyAbhAvarUpArthasyAnukampArUpArthasya ca bodho bhavati, "i" zabdena kAmadeva rUpArthasya bodho bhavati / evameva ghaTapaTAdi rUpaH zabdaH padAtmakaH zabdaH, tenApi ghaTaspArthasya vastrarUpArthasya kramazo bodho bhavati, "jinadatta Agacchati, jinendraH samavatarati" ityAdirUpaH zabdaH vAkyAtmakaH zabdaH, anenApi jinadattAgamanarUpArthasya jinendra samavasaraNarUpArthasya ca bodho bhavati ato varNAtmakaH padAtmako vAkyAtmakazca zandraH svArtha bodhakatA zaktiviziSTa evaM svArthabodhana samayoM bhavati nAnyatheti mantavyam / sUtrArtha-varNAtmaka, padAtmaka, aura vAkyAtmaka isa prakAra se zabda tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| hindI vyAlyA-paTa paTa Adi padAnmaka zabdoM meM svAbhAvika svArthabodhakatA zakti hai / isa prakAra se pratipAdana karake aba sUtrakAra zabda ke svarUpa ko jAnane kI abhilASA vAloM ke liye isa sUtra dvArA zabda kA svarUpa samajhAte haiM isameM unhoMne yaha samajhAyA hai ki prada vaNamika padAtmaka aura vAkyAtmaka hotA hai| inameM paugalika bhASA bargaNA se jo akArAdi rUpa zabda niSpanna hotA hai vaha varNAtmaka zabda hai / yaha varNAtmaka zabda vAsudeva, abhAva aura anukampA Adi rUpa aneka arthoM kA kahane vAlA hotA hai / jaise-"a" isa zabda kA artha koSa meM kuSNa kahA gayA hai, aura abhAva bhI kahA gayA hai / "I" zabda kA artha kAmadeva kahA gayA hai / ghaTa paTa Adi rUpa jo zabda hai, ve padAtmaka zabda haiN| ye ghaTarUpa padArtha ke aura vastra rUpa padArtha ke bodhaka hote haiM / "jinadatta AtA hai, jinendra samabasata hote haiM" ityAdi rUpa jo zabda haiM, ve vAkyAtmaka zabda haiM, aura inase jinadatta ke Agamana rUpa artha kA aura jinendra ke samavasRta hone rUpa artha kA bodha hotA hai / isa taraha varNAtmaka, padAtmaka aura vAkyAtmaka jo zabda haiM, ve apane-apane artha ko pratipAdana karane rUpa svAbhAvika zakti se viziSTa hue hI svArtha ke prakAzana karane meM samartha hote haiM, usase rahita hue ve apane-apane artha ko prakAzita karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiM-aisA jAnanA caahiye| prazna-yaha kisa pramANa ke bala se Apa kahate haiM ki zabda paudgalika hai ? uttara-zabda paudagalika hai, yaha hama anumAna ke bala se kahate haiM / vaha anumAna isa prakAra se hai -'varNaH podgaliko mUtimattvAtyanmUtimattatpIdgalika yathA pRthivyAdi" varNa paudagalika hai kyoMki vaha mUrta hai jo mUrta-rUpa-rasa-gaMdha aura sarzavAlA hotA hai vaha pRthivI Adi kI taraha paudgalika hotA hai| 1. "saddo baMdho suhumo thUlo saMThANa meNdtm,chaayaa| ujjodAdava sahiyA puggana dabasa pAyA" ||-drvysNgrhe /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 5 prazna- Apane zabda meM paugalikatA siddha karane ke liye jo "mRtimattvAt" hetu diyA hai, vaha svarUpAsiddha hai kyoMki zabda meM yaha hetu rahatA hI nahIM hai| kAraNa ki basa se vihIna mAnA gayA hai| tathA atyanta saghana pradeza meM praveza karate aura nikalate hue vaha rukatA nahIM hai| isake pUrva aura pazcAt usake avasatra upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| sUkSma mUrtta dravyoM kA vaha preraka nahIM hai / tathA vaha AkAza kA guNa hai / 86 uttara---yahA~ " mUttimattvAt " jo aisA hetu diyA gayA hai vaha svarUpAsiddha nahIM hai| kyoMki isake niSedha ke liye jo use sparNavihIna kahA gayA hai pratyuta vahI svarUpAsiddha hai| kyoMki zabda meM sparza battA' hai. aura sparzavattA usameM hone kA kAraNa usakA paudgalika bhASAvargaNAoM se niSpanna honA hI hai / sajAtIya vastuoM ke samUha kA nAma vargaNA hai| jina pudagala vargaNAoM se zabda nimpanna hote haiM unheM bhASA vargaNA kahate haiM ! bhASA vargaNA sparzaguNa yukta hotI hai / yadi zabda sparzavAlA nahIM hotA to yaha zrotra ndriya kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hotA hai, ki jisa prakAra gandhAzrita paramANu vAyu ke anukUla hone para dUra sthita manuSya ke pAsa pahu~ca jAte haiM aura pratikUla vAyu ke hone para pArzvasthita bhI manuSya ke pAsa nahIM pahu~ca pAte haiN| isI prakAra zabda bhI pratikUla bAyu ke hone para pArzvasthita bhI zrotA ke pAsa nahIM pahu~catA hai, aura anukula vAyu ke hone para dUra sthita bhI zrotA ke pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai / isa kathana se zabda meM gandha paramANuoM kI taraha sparzavattA siddha hotI hai, ataH sparza vAle gandha paramANuoM kI taraha vaha indriyagrAhya hone ke kAraNa mUrtimAna hone se paudgalika hai / yaha kathana nirdoSa hai| tathA saghana pradeza meM praveza karate aura nikalate hue vaha rukatA nahIM hai isaliye vaha mUrtimAn nahIM hai| aisA jo kahA gayA hai vaha bhI nirdoSa nahIM hai| kyoMki gandha dravya bhI to saghana pradeza meM praveza karate hue aura nikalate hue rukatA nahIM hai parantu phira bhI vaha paudgalika mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra se zabda meM bhI yadi aisI bAta hotI hai to isase usakI mUttimattA meM kyA bAdhA AtI hai ? koI bAdhA nahIM AtI / tathA aisA jo kahA gayA hai, ki zabda ko mUrtimAn mAnane para usake Adi-anta avayava upalabdha hone cAhiye para ve upalabdha nahIM hote / ataH mUrtimAna nahIM hai aura mUrtimAna nahIM hone se usameM paudgalikatA bhI siddha nahIM hotI hai / so aisA kathana ucita nahIM hai-dekho bijalI yA ulkApAta Adi aise haiM ki jinake Adi aura anta avayava nahIM upalabdha hote haiM phira bhI unheM paudgalika mAnA gayA hai / isI prakAra se zabda bhI Adi antAvayava kI upalabdhi se vihIna hone para bhI mUrtimattA se vihIna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA | zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnakara yadi vaha mUrtimAn nahIM kahA jAye, to yaha mAnyatA haMsI karAne vAlI hai / kyoMki jaba AkAza amUrtika hai, to phira usakA guNa yaha zabda bhI amUttika hI honA cAhiye / taba phira yaha zrotrendriyagrAhya kaise hotA hai ? ataH indriyagrAhya hone se yaha AkAza kA gupya nahIM hai, pratyuta mUrtimAn hone se yaha paudgalika hI hai / aisA mAnanA caahiye| isI bhAva ko hRdayaGgama karake TIkAkAra ne "podgalika bhASAvargaNAbhiniSpanno'kArAdivarNa rUpaH " yaha pATha likhA hai / / 5 // 1. jaranmura jharjhara sphurita vAkukriyA karkaNaH, pratidhvanita ghoraNArasita rodasI kandaraH bhavatyati samIpa aMgiti jhallarIjhatkRtaH, stananpraya zizorvatAritA bha uvaM karNayoH / syAdvAva ratnAkara pRSTha 636 nyA0 TI0 12

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10| nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 6 sUtra-kathaMcinnityAnityAtmakaH svaravyaJjanarUpovarNaH // 6 // saMskRta TokA-akArAdhAzcaturdaza svarAH, kakArAdIni hakAra paryantAni vyaJjanAni / etAni svaravyaJjanarUpANyakSarANi varNasaMjJayA'bhihitAni / sarvANyetAni dradhyadRSTyA nityAni paryAyadRSTayA cAnityAni / bhASAvargaNArUpa pudgalerArabhyamANatvAt zabdasya kathaMcidanityatvaM bhASAvargaNArUpa dravyAtmakatvAcca kathaMcinityatvamityavagantavyamavirodhAt / svayamarthebhyorocitattvAcca // 6 / / hindI vyAkhyA ---akArAdi-a, A, i, I, u, U, R, R, la, la , e, ai, o, au-14 bara aura ka, kha, ga, gha, cha, ca, cha, ja, jha, Ja, Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, ba. Na, pa, aura ha ye 33 vya Jjana varNa kahe gaye haiN| inake sabake alaga-alaga artha Adi ekArtha nAma mAlA koza meM likhe hue haiM tathA caturviMzati saMdhAna Adi kAvyoM dvArA ina sabakA yathAsthAna prayoga kara artha prasphuTita karate hue prakaraNAnusAra inakI upayogitA prakaTa kI gaI hai| varNa bhASAvargaNArUpa pudgaloM se niSpanna hote haiM / ataH ye isa dRSTi se kathaMcit anitya aura bhASAvargaNArUpa pudgalAtmaka hone se ye kathaMcit nitya mAne gaye haiM / dravya kI bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko prakaTa karane vAlI dRSTi kA nAma paryAyadRSTi hai, aura dravya ko hI viSaya karane vAlI dRSTi kA nAma dravyadRSTi hai / isI abhiprAya ko lekara varNa rUpa zabda meM apekSAvaza nityatA aura anityatA kA kathana jaina darzanikoM ne kiyA hai / prazna-- yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI hai ki jo nitya hai vahI anitya kaha diyA jAtA hai, aura jo kahIM anitya kahA jAtA hai vahI nitya kaha diyA gayA hai ? aisI virodhI bAteM to vicAratoM kI akuzalatA kI hI dyotaka hotI haiN| uttara --virodhI bAteM to vicArakoM kI akuzalatA kI dyotaka hoto haiM, yaha to hama bhI mAnate haiM / parantu jahA~ para virodha nahIM hai kintu virodha hone jaisA pratIta hotA hai use virodha kalpita kara usakA virodha karanA yaha to yuktiyukta nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadi maiM apane pitA kI apekSA se putra hU~ to apane mAtula kI apekSA se bhAnajA bho hai / kahiye jo pUtra hai vaha bhAnajA kaise bana gayA ? putratva aura bhAnajAtya ina donoM dharmoM meM to prabala virodha hai / kyoMki jahA~ para putratva dharma rahegA vahA~ para bhAgineyatva dharma nahIM rahegA aura jahA~ para bhAgineyalna dharma rahegA vahA~ para putrattra dharma nahIM rahegA / yadi kahA jAya ki pitA kI dRSTi se jo putra hai, vaha mAmA kI dRSTi se bhAnajA ho sakatA hai / apekSA se paraspara virodhI dharma bhI eka jagaha sthAna pA lete haiM, to basa yahI bAta yahA~ para bhI hai| zabda bhASA vargaNAoM se niSpanna hotA hai isa dRSTi se vaha anitya hai| kyoMki bhASAvargaNAoM kA pariNamana hI to zabda hai / aura ye bhASAvargaNA pudgala rUpa haiM, ataH pudgala dravya kI dRSTi se vaha nitya hai| isa prakAra zabda meM kathaMcit nityatA aura kathaMcidanityatA bhI AtI hai / na ekAntataH nityatA AtI hai, aura na ekAntataH anityatA hI AtI hai| 1. yaha grantha surendra kIti bhaTTArapha kA banAyA huA hai| isameM eka hI subhadra chanda hai / pratyeka pAda meM ATha bhagaNa haiM / caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI isa eka hI chanda dvArA stuti kI gaI hai / isakI svopATIkA hai / isakA anuvAda mUlacanda jaina zAstrI zrI mahAvIra dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai|

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, mUtra 7 prazna--jisa prakAra bepaidI kA lauTA idhara-udhara hulaka jAtA hai| usI prakAra kA ApakA yaha kathana kyoM na mAnA jAya kyoMki isameM kisI eka pakSa kA samarthana nahIM milatA hai ? ___ uttara --eka pakSa kA samarthana nahIM milatA hai isaliye hamArA yaha kathana bepedI ke loTe ke samAna mAna liyA jAya, yaha to koI yuktiyukta bAta nahIM pratIta hotI hai| kyoMki "yadIdaM svayamarthebhyo rocate tatra ke vayam" padArthoM kA svabhAva hI aisA hai, isameM mArA kyA ghaza | padArtha ekAntataH na nityarUpa hai, aura na ekAntataH anitya rUpa hI haiM / kyoMki ekAnta nitya pakSa meM jisa prakAra kAlakrama aura deza krama ke abhAva ke kAraNa arthakriyAkAritA nahIM banatI hai, usI prakAra se vaha ekAnta anitya pakSa meM bhI nahIM banatI hai / ataH pratyeka padArtha anekAnta kI mudrA se mudrita hai| isalie ekAntataH kisI eka pakSa kA syAvAda siddhAnta meM samarthana prApta nahIM ho sakatA hai / anekAnta pakSa kA hI yahA~ samarthana prApta hai / yahI bAta TIkA ke avirodha pada dvArA aura "svayamarthebhyo rocitatvAt" isa hetu paraka pada dvArA spaSTa kI gaI hai // 6 // tara-parasparApekSavarNAnAM nirapekSa samudAyaH padaM tathAvidhapadasamudAyazca vAkyam // 7 // saMskRta TIkA-varNAtmaka zabda svarUpa nirUpya samprati pada vAkyAtmaka zabda svarUpaM parasparApekSa varNAnAmityAdinA nirUpayatiparasparApekSANAm utpadyamAna padArtha bodha'nyonyasahakAritayA sthitAnAmakArAdivarNAnAM nirapekSaH padAntaravatti varNanirapekSo yaH samudAyastatpadamityucyate / yathA--"a" "ka" "ramA" ityAdiSu padeSu kramazo varNadvayasya akAravisargarUpasya, varNatrayasya kakAra-akAra-visarga rUpasya, varNacatuSTayasya ca repha-akAra-makAra-AkAra-rUpasya kramazo vAsudeva-prajApati-lakSmI rUpasya cArthasya bodhe paraspara sahakAritayA vartamAnasya nirapekSaH-ghaTapaTAdi padAnsarayatighakArAdi varNAnAmapekSArahito yaH samudAyaH aka ramA ityevarUpo varNasaMghAtastatpadamityucyate eva tathAvidhapadAnAM-parasparA-pekSapadAnA-nirapekSaH vAkyAntara vatipadApekSArahito yaH samudAyaH saMghAtaH tadvAkyamityucyate yathA-"gaurasti nIlo ghaTo'sti" ityAdi, tathA ca vAkyArthabodhe jAyamAne paraspara sahakAritayA vartamAnasya kramazaH gopadasya astipadasya ca, evaM nIla padasya, ghaTa padastha asti padasya ca gorastisva rUpa vAkyArtha bodhe, nIla ghaTasyAstitvarUpa vAkyArtha bodhe ca parasparApekSatayA sthitasya padadvayAtmakasya padatrayAtmakasya ca "ghaTo'sti" ityAdi vAkyAntara basipadAdi padanirapekSatayA battamAnasya yaH padadvaya samudAya padatraya samudAyazca tadvAkyamityucyate // 7 // sUtrArtha-paraspara kI apekSAvAle varSoM kA padAntaravartI vargoM kI apekSA vinA kA jo samudAya hai vahI pada kA lakSaNa hai| tathA paraspara kI apekSAvAle padoM kA padAntaravartI padoM kI apekSA vinA kA jo samudAya hai vaha vAkya kA lakSaNa hai / hindI vyAkhyA-varNAtmaka zabda ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karake aba sUtrakAra padAtmaka aura vAkyAtmaka zabda ke svarUpa kA isa parasparApekSavarNAnAm" Adi sUtra dvArA nirUpaNa kara rahe haiN| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jaba 'aH kaH ramA" ina padoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai to zrotA ko ina padoM ke sunane gara jo aH vAsudeva, kaH brahmA aura ramA-lakSmIH ina arthoM kA bodha hotA hai so usa bodha 1. AdIpamAbyomasamasvabhAvaM smAdvAdamuvAnatibhedi vastu / tannitya meyakamanityamanyadititvadAmAviSatAM prlaapaaH|-syaabaadmdhjaam ||shaa

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12 / nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra ke utpanna karane meM 'a' kA a aura visarga ye do varNa hI kAraNa hote haiM / ye donoM varNa hI Apasa meM eka dUsare kI isa bodha ko utpanna karane meM sahAyatA sApekSa haiN| aisA nahIM hai ki visarga kI sahAyatA binA "a" aura a kI sahAyatA binA visarga isa prakAra ke bodha ko-bAsudeva rUpa artha ke jJAna ko utpanna karane vAle hoM / "aH" yaha varNa rUpa zabda nahIM hai, kintu pada rUpa zabda hai kyoMki subanta aura tiDanta zabda kI pada nA hotI kahI gaI hai / "ar." meM a aura visarga aise do varNa haiN| aura voM ke samudAya kA nAma hI pada kahA gayA hai| pada apane padArtha bodha meM jaisA apane bhItara ke vargoM kI sahAyatA sApekSa hotA hai vaisA yaha usake utpanna karane meM anya padAntaravartI vargoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai / "kaH" yaha pada hai aura isameM k a aura bisarga aise ye tIna varNa hai / "ramA" yaha pada hai| isameM ra am aura AkAra aise cAra varNa haiM, isaliye ye "kaH, ramA" pada haiM / isI prakAra kA jo padoM kA samUha apane padArtha bodha karAne meM anya vAkyAntaravartI padoM kI apekSA vinA kA hotA hai vaha vAkya rUpa zabda hai| jaise "gaurasti'-gAya hai "nIlaH ghaTo'sti nIlA ghaTa hai| isa taraha ke apane-apane vAkyArtha bodha karAne meM apane-apane bhItara rahe hue, padoM kI hI apekSA vAle ye vAkya haiN| anya vAkyAntaravartI padoM kI apekSA vAle nahIM haiM / / 7 // sUtra-nirAvaraNapradIpavatsvArthaprakAzanaM zabde saGketAdhInamapi, pramANetaratA vaktRguNadopa nizrA / / saMskRta TIkA-pUrva saGketa mahakAreNa zabdasya mvAbhAvika zaktito'rthabodhajanakatvamukta-samprati tathAvidhazabdAdurapadyamAnasya bodhasya pramANetaratA puruSagata guNadoSAdhInA bhavati / ititAvadvicAryateyathA pradIpaH prajvalan saMnihitaM sarvameveSTAniSTa padArtha prakAzayati tathaiva zabdo'pi batrA prayujyamAnaH zrotuH avaNapathamavatIrNaH san svArthaM yathArthamayathArtha vA bodhayati iti zabdasya svArtha prakAzakatvaM svAbhAvika vattate / parantu prakAzamAno'pi pradIpo yathA kuDyAdinA vyavahitaM vastujAtaM na prakAzayituM pArayati tatra tasya sambandha vicchedAt evamevAsya zabdasyAsminnartha saGketo vattate ityevaM saGketa jJAnAbhAbe zabdaH svArtha bodha janana zaktizAlitve'pi svArtha bodhayituM na pArayati / vidyamAnAyA api svAbhAvika zakta ranuddhatatvAdata eva pradIpasyArtha prakAzane kuDyAdinA vyavadhAnAbhAraH sahakArikAraNam evameva zabdasyApi svArthabodhane saGketajJAnaM sahakAri kAraNaM bodhyam / eva ca satyapi zabdAdutpadyamAnasya arthabodhasya kvacid yathArthatvaM kvaciccAyathArthatvaM yadanubhUyate tat vaktugata guNa doSAdhInam / vakta : pratipAdakasya puruSasya ye guNAH samyagdazityAdayaH, ye ca doSAH asabhyagdarzitvAdayo bhavanti tadadhInameba-tadapekSameva bhavatIti bhAvaH, ataeva yatrabodhe yathArthatvaM tatra pramANatA, yatracAyathArthatvaM tatrApramANatA | nArthabodhe svAbhAvika yathArthatvamayathArthatvaM vaa| yakta guNa doSAzrayatvAttasya, Apta vipratAraka puruSayorammAdeva bhedAcdra / anyathA tyorvyvsthaanoppdyet| . sUtrArtha-jisa prakAra bhIta Adi ke vyavadhAna se bihIna artha ko-iSTAniSTa ghaTapaTAdi ko pradIpa prakAzita karatA hai| usI prakAra se svArtha prakAzana kI svAbhAvika zakti se yukta huA zabda bhI saMketa kI sahAyatA se artha kA prakAzana karatA hai--jJAna karatA hai| parantu usa arthajJAna meM pramANatA aura apramANatA vaktA ke guNa aura doSoM ko lekara AtI hai|

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI dIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 8 hindI vyAkhyA-yaha bAta pahale prakaTa kI jA cukI hai, ki zabda apanI ardhaprakAzanarUpa svAbhAvika zakti se yukta hai| cAhe vaha padArtha yathArtha ho yA ayathArtha ho parantu jaba taka use saGketa kA sahArA nahIM milatA hai.-taba taka vaha apane vAcyArtha kA bodha nahIM karAtA hai| jisa prakAra dIpa ghaTa-paTAdi rUpa saMnihita iSTAniSTa padArtha ko prakAzita karane kI zakti svAbhAvika hai| parantu pradIpa se prakAzya padArtha yadi bhIta Adi ke vyavadhAna se yukta hai, to baha dIpaka usa vyavahita padArtha ko prakAzita nahIM karatA hai| ataH dIpaka se prakAzita hone meM jisa prakAra vyavadhAnAbhAva use sahakArI hai umI prakAra se apane bAcyArtha kA bodha karAne kI svAbhAvika zaktizAlI zabda bhI hai / parantu zabda apane vAcyArtha kA bodha tabhI karAtA hai zrotA ko ki jaba vaha zrotA "isa zabda kA yaha artha hotA hai, isa zabda kA yaha artha hotA hai|" isa prakAra ke sa mAna sahita ho| yadi vaha isa prakAra ke saMketa jJAna se vihIna hai, to vaha tha yamANa zabda usa zrotA ko apane vAcyArtha kA bodha nahIM karA sakatA hai / ataH padArtha ko prakAzita karane meM jaise pradIpa AvaraNa ke abhAva rUpa sahakArI kI apekSAvAlA hotA hai usI prakAra zabda bhI apane vAcyArtha kA zrotA ko bodha karAne meM saMketa jJAna kI sahAyatA kI apekSA vAlA hotA hai| itanA hone para bhI jAyamAna bodha meM jo pramANatA aura apramANatA AtI hai usakA kAraNa vaktA ke bhItara ke guNa aura doSa haiN| yadi vaktA meM samyagdarzila Adi guNa haiM, to vaktA ke zabda se jAyamAna zrotA ko artha bodha yathArtha hogA aura imI se usameM pramANatA mAnI jaavegii| aura yadi vaktA ke andara doSa haiM, to usa vaktA ke dvArA kahe gaye zabda se zrotA ko jAyamAna artha bodha yathArtha nahIM hogA aura isI se usameM apramANatA aavegii| artha bodha meM pramANatA aura apramANatA svAbhAvika nahIM hotI hai kintu baha vaktA ke bhItara rahe hae guNa aura doSa ke AdhIna hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jisase Apta aura vipratAraka puruSa meM bhinnatA A jAtI hai| nahIM to Apta kI aura vipratAraka kI bhinnatA hI nahIM bana sktii| prazna -jabaki zabda meM apane vAcyArtha ko pratipAdana karane kI zakti svabhAvataH rahI huI hai, aisA Apa mAnate haiM to phira saMketa se sahavAta hokara vaha apane vAcyArtha ko prakaTa karatA hai-yaha ApakA kathana usakI svAbhAvika zakti kA hanana karane vAlA kyoM nahIM mAnA jAyegA ? uttara-aisA kathana usakI svAbhAvika zakti kA hanana karane vAlA isaliye nahIM mAnA jAvegA ki isa prakAra ke kathana se usakI svAbhAvika zakti ke Upara koI AMca nahIM AtI hai| svAbhAvika zakti ke rahane para bhI usakI abhivyakti to honI hI caahiye| kyoMki akelI zakti kAma nahIM kiyA karatI hai sahakArI kAraNoM se usakI abhivyakti hotI hai aura taba jAkara vaha apanA kArya karatI hai| prazna-ise Apa udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kareM, to vahuta uttama hogaa| kyoMki "dRSTAntena jAyate sphuTA matiH" isa ukti ke anusAra dRSTAnta dvArA ApakA kathana hRdayasparzI bana jAvegA / ___ usara-to isa viSaya meM dRSTAnta suno-dekho, bAlaka jaya mAtA ke peTa se utpanna hotA hai, taba kaho usameM cAlaka ko utpanna karane kI savina hai yA nahIM ? yadi hai to phira usase santAnotpatti kyoM nahIM hotI ? honI cAhiye / yadi isa para aisA kahA jAve, ki zakti to hai, para abhI vaha muptAvasthA meM hai, samayAnusAra jaba vyakta hogI to usake dvArA saMtAnotpatti rUpa kArya hone lgegaa| to

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkAH caturtha adhyAya, sUtra isI prakAra se yaha bhI mAnanA cAhie ki zabda meM svArtha ko cAhe, vaha yathArtha ho yA ayathArtha ho prakAzita karane kI zakti to hai, para binA kisI saGketa-grahaNa ke vaha usakI abhivyakti hue binA apane kArya ko nahIM karatA hai| etAvatA sahakArI kAraNa usake upagrAhaka hI hote haiM, usakI zakti para prahAra kAraka nahIM hote| prazna-jada zabda meM apane vAcyArtha ko jaisA kahA gayA hai vaisA hI use prakaTa karane kI kSamatA hai, to phira usase jAyamAna arthabodha meM jo kahIM-kahIM apramANatA dekhI jAtI hai / so kyoM dekhI jAtI hai ? uttara--zabda meM apane vAcyArtha ko jaisA vaha kahA gayA hai vaisA hI prakaTa karane kI kSamatA hone para bhI usase jAyamAna arthabodha meM jo kahIM-kahIM apramANatA dekhI jAtI hai, vaha vaktA ke bhItara rahe hue doSa ke kAraNa dekhI jAtI hai| yadi vaktA sadoSa hai to usake zabdoM se jAyamAna arthabodha apramANa hogA aura yadi vaktA nirdoSa hai to usake zabda se jAyamAna arthabodha pramANa hogaa| yaha nizcita hai ki zabda se jAyamAna arthabodha pramANatA aura apramANatA donoM se hI rahita hotA hai kyoMki arthabodha kI pramANatA evaM apramANatA artha kI yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA para avalambita hai / / || sUtra-Adeza bhedAcchandaH svArthe vidhiniSedhAbhyAM saptabhaMgyA''ligyate // 6 // saMskRta TIkA-antarvahittinAM sarveSAmeva jInAjIvAdi padArthAnAM svarUpamanantadharmAtmakameva vattaM te nAnyathA sattvAbhAvena vastutvAbhAvAt / tadAtmakataiya bastutA nigaditA'rhata pravacane'taH padArthasvarUpaprabodhanAya zabdAstadgata pratyeka dharmamAzritya saptabhaGgI viziSTA jAyante'nyathA tatsvarUpa prakAzakatvAsaMbhavAt / nahi kiJcidapi jIvAdi vastu sadAtmakamasadAtmaka vaikAntataH saMbhavati paraspara nirapekSobhayAtmake vA tathA nanu bhUyamAnatvAt sarvasya jIvAdi bastuno'neka dharmAliGgitatvAcca, na ca vAcyaM paraspara viruddhAnAM dharmANAM kathamekara samAvezaH saMbhavati iti Adeza bhedAtvivakSAvazAt vidhiniSedhAbhyAm ekasminnapi vastuni anekeSAM dharmANAM samAveza saMbhavAt / vivakSAyA vaicitryAt yatrava sattvaM, tatra vAsattvamapi, sattvAsattvamapi, avAcyatvamapi, sattvam avAcyatvamapi, asattvam avAcyatvamapi, sattvamasattvamavAcyatva mapi vartate / vastu vyavasthAyA IdRzatvAt, yathA--devadattaH svapitrapekSayA putraH, svapallyapekSayA na putraH, atrakasminnapi devadatta pekSAvazAt putratva dharmo'pi vartate, tadabhAvazcApi vattate, putratvasya sattvakAle'putratvasyApi satvAt parantu putratvadharmasya yathA vivakSayA sattvamasti tathaiva vivakSayA tasyA sattvaM nAsti virodhAt putratvadharmasattve anyasyA vivakSAyAstada sattve cAnyasyA vivakSAyAH sattvAt devadata putratya dharma sadbhAva khyApanameva / putratvasya dharmasya vidhistada sadbhAva khyApana ca niSedhaH, itthaM vidhiniSedhAvAzritya saptabhaGgAtmakaH zabda prayogo bhavati-tayAhi-devadattaH kathaJcitputraH, kathaJcidaputraH, kathaJcit putrazcAputrazca, kathaJcidavaktavyazca, kathaJcit putro'vaktavyazca, kathaJcidaputro'vaktavyazca, kathaJcitputraH kathaJcidaputraH kathaJcidavaktavyazca, amunA prakAreNa zabdo vidhiniSedhAbhyAmAdezabhedAtsaptabhaMgyA''liMgyate iti yadukta samIcInameva taditi mantavyam // sUtrArtha-vivakSA ke vaza se zabda apane vAcyArtha meM vidhi aura niSedha kI kalpanA se saptabhanI dvArA AliGgita hotA hai| 1. Adeza bhedodita saptabhaGgamadIdRzastvaM budharUpadyam / -syAdvAdamaMjaryAm /

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nyAyaratna : myAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 8 | 65 hindI vyAkhyA -- antarvarttI evaM bahirvartI jitane bhI jIvAtmaka aura ajIvAtmaka padArtha haiM, ve saba anantaH zrarmAtmaka svarUpa vAle haiM, ekAntataH eka dharmAtmaka svarUpa vAle nahIM haiN| kyoMki ekAntataH eka dharmAtmakatA hI yadi unakA svarUpa mAnA jAvegA to unameM satva ke abhAva se vastusva kA hI abhAva ho jAyagA / prazna - ekAntataH eka dharmAtmakatA mAnane para vastu meM vastutA kA abhAva kaise A sakatA hai ? hama dekhate haiM ki ekAntataH eka dharmAtmakatA hone se hI vastu ke dvArA lokavyavahAra saghatA hai aura isI kAraNa usameM vastutA AtI hai| vastutA kA matalaba hai arthakriyAkAritva | yadi ghaTa ko aneka dharmAtmaka mAnA jAve, to usake dvArA aneka dharma janya arthakriyA honI cAhiye parantu aisA nahIM hotA hai / ghaTa se to ghaTajanya hI arthakriyA hotI dekhI jAtI hai, paTajanya artha kriyA nahIM / sara - aisA nahIM hai / hamArI sthUla jJAna dRSTi se ghaTagata aneka dharma sAkSAt jAne nahIM jAte haiM kintu anumeya hote haiM | ghaTa jisa prakAra svadravyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA ghaTatva dharmayukta hai isI taraha vaha paradravyAdi catuSTaya ko apekSA ghaTatva dharmayukta nahIM bhI hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAve, to vastu vyavasthA meM asta-vyastatA A jAvegI / ghaTa paTa bhI ho jAyegA / phira anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva kA koI astitva hI nahIM rahegA / isa sthiti meM " preritodadhi khAdati kimuSTra nAbhidhAvati" dahI khAo aisA kahane para vaha U~Ta ko khAne ke liye kyoM nahIM lapakegA ? avazya hI lpkegaa| kyoMki dahI aura uSTra meM paraspara meM koI abhAva antara to rahegA nahIM / tathA eka dharmAtmaka vastu meM vastutA hI nahIM AtI hai / vaha to aneka dharmAtmaka vastu meM hI AtI hai / aura ina aneka dharmoM kI siddhi vastu meM "arpitA pita siddha eH " ke kathanAnusAra hotI hai / isa sambandha meM vizeSa kathana saptabhaGgI ke svarUpa pratipAdana karate samaya kiyA jAvegA / ghaTa meM jaladhAraNa jJeyApana, nayApana, purAnApana, kaccApana, pakkApana, moTApana, caur3Apana, kambugrIvApana Adi anekadharmAtmakatA hone para bhI jo paTajanya arthakriyAkAritA usameM vartamAna meM nahIM dekhI jAtI haiM usakA kAraNa usa samaya usameM paTadharmaviziSTatA kI anabhivyakti hai | ghaTa aneka dharma viziSTa hai| isakA matalaba yahI hai, ki vaha ghaTAdi aneka dharmaviziSTa hone kI yogyatA vAlA hai| isa taraha trikAlagata anantadharmaviziSTatA usameM nayI vivakSA se sAdhita hone ke kAraNa pratyeka padArtha anantadharmo kA eka piNDa kahA gayA hai| isI kA nAma vastutA hai / aura vaha vastutA pariNAminityatA ke sAtha sambandhita hai / ekAntataH kisI bhI eka dharma ke sAtha sambandhita nahIM hai / aisA hI Ata pravacana meM vastu kA svarUpa kahA gayA hai| isI abhiprAya ko hRdayaGgama karake TIkAkAra ne yahA~ "tadAtmakataba vastutA" aisA pATha kahA hai / padArthoM ke dharmoM kA pratipAdana zabda dvArA hotA hai-aura pratyeka padArtha anekadharmAtmika hai / dRSTAnta ke liye dIpaka ko le lIjiye - dIpaka eka hI kSaNa meM prakAza karatA hai, vartikA kA dAha karatA hai, tela kA zoSaNa karatA hai, andhakAra kA vinAza karatA hai, kajjala ko chor3atA hai| Adi-Adi kArya karatA hai / saptabhaMga padArthagata eka dharmaM ko lekara banate haiM / ye bhaGga sAta hI hote haiN| kamatI-bar3hatI nahIM 1. anantadharmAtmakameva tattvamato'nyathA sattvamapapAdam / 2. tattvArtha sUtra paJcamo'dhyAyaH / -syAdAdamaJjAryAm /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalo TIkA : paturtha adhyAH, sUtra hote haiN| kyoMki jAnane vAle kI icchA inhIM sAta prakAroM vAlI hotI hai / icchA sAta hI prakAra vAlI isaliye hotI hai ki varatugata pratyeka dharma meM jAnane vAle ko sAta hI prakAra se sandeha hotA hai| isI bAta ko prakaTa karane ke liye yahA~ "tadgata pratyeka dharmamAzritya" aisA pATha kahA gayA hai| vaktA jaba pratyeka yaka sAsa prakAra ke sandena ko dara karane ke liye zabda dvArA una-una dharmoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai, to zanda svayaM saptabhaGgaviziSTa ho jAte haiM / kyoMki saptabhaMga viziSTa hue vinA zabda dvArA usa vastu ke eka dharma kA sAta prakAra se kathana karanA azakya ho jAtA hai| koI bhI jIvAdika padArtha na ekAntataH sadAtmaka hI hai aura na ekAntataH asadAtmaka hI hai aura na kramazaH paraspara nirapekSa sadaasadAtmaka hI hai kyoMki aisA padArtha svarUpa anubhava meM nahIM AtA hai| pratyuta yahI anubhava meM AtA hai ki padArtha anekadharmAliGgita hone ke kAraNa kathaJcita sadAtmaka bhI hai, aura kazcit asadAtmaka bhI hai aura kaJcit parampara sApekSa sAd asadAtmaka bhI hai / yahA~ aisI zaGkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA eka vastu meM samAveza kase ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA bhI vivakSA ke vaza se eka hI vastu meM samAveza ho jAtA hai / ataH vivakSA kI vicitratA ko lekara jo varata kisI apekSA satsvarUpa kahI jAtI hai, vahI asata svarUpa bhI ho jAtI hai| vahI kramazaH sat-asat svarUpAlI bhI ho jAtI hai| vahI avaktavyasvarUpavAnI bhI ho jAtI hai| vahIM kramazaH aura yugapat dhamoM yA kathana karane kI apekSA satsvarUpa bhI ho jAtI hai, aura avaktavya koTi meM bhI A jAtI hai, asatsvarUpa bhI ho jAtI hai, aura abaktavyakoTi ne bhI A jAtI hai tathA satsvarUpa asatsvarUpa bhI hotI huI vaha avaktavya koTi meM bhI A jAtI hai| kyoMki vastuvyavasthA hI aisI hai| isameM hama kyA kreN| dekho-devadana apane pitA kI apekSA putra hai, parantu apanI dharmapatnI kI apekSA to baha putra nahIM hai-pati hai / yahA~ eka hI devadatta meM apekSA ke vaza se putratva dharma bhI hai, aura nahIM bhI hai| jisa kAla meM usameM putratva dharma kA sadbhAva rahatA hai usI kAla meM usameM aghutratva dharma kA bhI sadabhAva rahatA hai| parantu isakA tAtparya aisA nahIM hai ki jisa apekSA se usameM putratva dharma kA kathana kiyA gayA hai usI apekSA usameM aputratva dharma kA sadbhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki eka hI vivakSA se do dharmoM ke sadbhAva kA kathana hone kA virodha hai / putratva dharma ke sadbhAva ko khyApana karane vAlI vivakSA anya hai, aura usake abhAtra ko pratipAdana karane vAlI vivakSA anya hai| isa taraha devadatta meM putratva dharma ke sadbhAva kA khyApana karanA yahI usameM putratva dharma kI vidhi hai, aura usake asatva kA khyApana karanA yahI usa dharma kA niSedha hai / isa prakAra se eka hI dharma kI vidhi aura usake niSedha ko lekara zabda prayoga sAta prakAra ke bhaGgoM vAlA bana jAtA hai / jaise-(1) devadatta putra bhI hai, (2) devadatta putra nahIM bhI hai, (3) kramazaH vicArane para devadatta putra aura aputra donoM pavAlA hai, (4) yugapat ina donoM ke kathana na kara sakane kI apekSA vaha avaktavya hai, (5) putratva ke kathana kI apekSA aura yugapat donoM ke kathana na ho sakane kI apekSA vaha putra bhI hai aura avaktavya bhI hai, (6) aputratva ke kathana kI apekSA aura yugapat ina donoM ke kathana na ho sakane kI apekSA vaha aputra bhI hai aura abaktavya bhI hai, (7) kramamAH donoM dharmoM kA usameM sadbhAva hai isa kAraNa baha putra bhI hai, aputra bhI hai, aura ina donoM dharmoM kA usameM eka sAtha pratipAdana ho sakatA nahIM hai isalie baha avaktavya bhI hai / isa prakAra eka hI devadatta rUpa apane artha kA saptabhaGgI rUpa se devadata zabda vidhi aura niSedha ko Azrita karake pratipAdana karatA hai / ataH zabda svArtha meM Adeza ke bheda se vidhi-niSadha ko lekara saptabhaMgI se yukta hotA hai / yaha kathana sarvathA nirdoSa hai|

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 6 |67 prazna-prathama bhaGga dvArA evaM dvitIya bhaGgadvArA jo bAta kahI gaI hai--vahI bAta tRtIya bhaGgadvArA kahI gaI hai / so aisA kahane me to punarukti doSa AtA hai| utsara-aisA nahIM hai / prathama bhaGga meM vidhi pradhAna kI gaI hai, niSedha dharma gauNa kiyA gayA hai dvitIya bhaGga meM niSedha pradhAna kiyA gayA hai aura vidhi gauNa kI gaI hai / tRtIya bhaGga meM kramazaH ina donoM ko hI pradhAna kiyA gayA hai / ataH prathama bhaGga, dvitIya bhaGga aura tRtIya bhaGga ye saba svatantra bhaGga hai kisI kA kisI se mela nahIM baiThatA hai| prazna-jaba sUtra meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki vastu ke kisI eka dharma kI vidhi aura niSedha ko lekara pUrvokta sAta bhaGga banate haiM to yaha bAta svataH hI pratIti meM A jAtI hai ki vivakSA kI vicitratA se hI aisA ho sakatA hai / jo vastu kisI apekSA astirUpa hai, vahI kisI dUsarI vivakSAvaza astirUpa nahIM bhI hai / phira isa bAta ko jo ki svataHsiddha bhI prakaTa karane ke liye sUtrakAra ne sUtra meM "Adeza bhedAt" aisA kyoM kahA? uttara-aisA isIlie kahA gayA hai ki vastu meM ye sAta bhaGga isI vivakSA kI vicitratA se te haiM / yaha bAta yadyapi vicAra karane para svataH pratIti koTi meM A sakatI hai parantu phira bhI anya tIthikoM ne isa saptabhaGgI para jo "naikasmitra saMbhavAta" aisA kahakara asaMbhavatA kA doSa thopA hai baha "Adeza bhedAt" isa pada ke dvArA yaha isa bAta ko prakaTa kara detA hai ki isa saptabhatI para yaha asaMbhavatA kA doSa kisI bhI prakAra se thopA nahIM jA sakatA hai | kyoMki paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA samAveza eka hI vastu meM vivakSA kI apekSA se hI hotA hai eka hI apekSA se nahIM, ataH isameM asaMbhavatA kI koI bAta hI nahIM hai| prazna-kyA jo vastu astirUpa hai vahI nAstirUpa bhI ho jAtI hai ? yadi ho jAtI hai to phira isase to vastugata dharmoM kI koI nizcita sthiti nahIM sadha sakatI hai / aura dharmoM kI nizcita sthiti na sadha sakane ke kAraNa vastu vyavasthA bhI bilakula asta-vyasta ho jAtI hai| . .. usara-aisA kahanA zobhAspada nahIM hai kyoMki yaha pahale samajhAyA jA cukA hai ki vastu ko jo ananta dharmoM kA piNDa kahA gayA hai vaha kAlika sahabhAvI guNoM aura kramabhAvI paryAyoM kI apekSA lekara hI kahA gayA hai| ataH ve vastugata dharma usa vastu meM apane-apane svarUpa kI apekSA hI avamAhita hokara rahate haiN| eka svarUpa dUsare svarUpa meM pariNata nahIM hotA hai / vastu-vyavasthA ke asta-vyasta hone kI bAta to taba AtI jaba ki vastugata dharmoM meM paraspara meM eka-dUsare ke rUpa meM badalanA hotA / parantu aisA to hai nhiiN| saba hI dharma apanI-apanI maryAdA ke anusAra hara eka bastu meM rahate haiM aura unhIM kA piNDa baha vastu hai| isa taraha ke isa vicAra se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki hara eka padArtha apane-apane eka dharma ke sambandha meM sAta bhaMgoM vAlA hotA huA ananta dharmoM kI ananta saptabhaGgI se AliGgita ho rahA hai / isI bAta kI sUcanArtha sUtra meM "saptamaMgyA" pada nivezita kiyA gayA hai // 6 // 1. zAbara bhASye / / nyA0TI013

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18 | nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TokA : caturtha adhyAya, sUca 10 sUtra--ekatrakadharma prazna vivakSAto'dhirodhena vyasta samasta vidhiniSedhayoH pratipAdakaH syAccihnitaH saptadhA vAkyaprayogaH saptabhaGgI / / 10 / / saMskRta TokA-ekatra-jIvAjIvAdi vastuni-tadganAnantadharmebhyaH kamadhyekaM dharmamAzritya kRtapraznAnurodhAt pratyakSAdi pramANena virogharahitaM yathAsyAttathA vyasta samaratayoH pradhAna bhAvena kramazo yogapadya na ca mukhya bhAvena kRtvA vidhi-niSedhayoH pratipAdakaH syAtpadacihnitaH saptaprakArakaH vAkyaprayogovacana racanA saptabhaGgIti nigadyate / nAnAvasvAzraya vidhi-niSedha kalpanayA'pi saptabhaGgI prasaGgapratiSedhArthamekaveti kathitam / ekatra jIvAdi vastuni vidhIyamAna niSidhyamAnAnantadharma paryAlocanayA'nantabhaGgI prasaGga nivasaM nArtham "eka dharma prazna vivakSAtaH" ityuktam / pratyakSAdi viruddha sadAyakAnta vidhi pratiSedha kalpanayA'pi pravRtasya vacanaprayogasya saptabhaGgItvAnuSaGga prasaGga parihArArthamavirodheneti padaM nikSiptam / kathaJcidarthabodhakaM syAtpadam / hindI vyAkhyA-yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki jIva aura ajIvAdi vastue~ anantadharmAtmaka haiN| kyoMki syAdvAda siddhAnta maiM isI prakAra kA vastu svarUpa kahA gayA hai, ataH vastumata una aneka dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko mukhya karake aura zeSa dharmoM ko gauNa karake baktA usa eka dharma ke sambandha meM jijJAsAzIla hue pRcchaka ko sAta prakAra se jo usara detA hai, usI zailI kA nAma saptabhaGgI hai| eka dharma ko mukhya karane kA abhiprAya hai-kahIM vidhi ko mukhya karake uttara denA, aura kahIM niSedha ko mukhya karake usara denA, tathA kahIM donoM ko kramazaH mukhya karake uttara denA, kahIM donoM ko yugapat mukhya karake uttara denA, kahIM eka vidhi ko aura yugapat donoM ko mukhya karake uttara denA, kahIM niSedhako aura yugapada donoM ko mukhya karake uttara denA, eva kahIM kramazaH donoM ko evaM yugapat donoM ko mukhya karake uttara denA / jo uttara diyA jAtA hai vahIM syAtpada se cihnita hotA hai / syAtpada se cihnita hokara jo uttara diyA jAtA hai usakA tAtparya yahI hai ki vaktA jo kisI eka dharma ke viSaya meM apanA abhiprAya prakaTa kara rahA hai vaha ekAnta rUpa se usI dharma kI sthApanA nahIM kara rahA hai kintu kisI apekSAkza se hI vaha usa dharma ko vahA~ sthApanA kara rahA hai / ataH apane abhiprAya kI-abhipreta dharma kI puSTi karatA huA bhI vaha dUsare dharma jo usa vastu meM usI vivakSita dharma ke sAtha rahate haiM, unakA vaha niSedha nahIM karatA hai parantu usakA unakI ora unake gauNa ho jAne se udAsIna bhAva rahatA hai / isa saraha padArtha meM jisa apekSA ko lekara jisa dharma kI vidhi --maujUdagI prakaTa kI gaI hai kisI dUsarI apekSA se usI dharma ko vahA~ gaira-maujUdagI-niSedha prakaTa kI jAtI hai / ataH isase yaha samajha meM A jAtA hai ki vastu meM svarUpAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA jisa prakAra astitva dharma hai, usI prakAra pararUpAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA nAstitva dharma bhI hai| prazna-stracatuSTaya kI apekSA jo Apane vastu meM sattvadharma kI aura para catuSTaya kI apekSA usI meM asattvadharma kI vyavasthA pratipAdita kI hai so isake liye aisA hI kyoM na mAna liyA jAve ki jare vastu meM svasatya hai vahI usameM parAsatva hai| svacatuSTaya kI apekSA ghaTa meM sattva hI paTa ke catuSTaya kI apekSA ghaTa kA asattva rUpa hai| isa saraha jaisA ghaTa meM baha satva para paTAdi kI apekSA asatvarUpa hotA hai usI taraha paTAdi kI apekSA ghaTa meM jo asattva hai vahI ghaTa kA sattvarUpa hai| isa prakAra kI mAnyatA meM yA to eka prathama bhaGga hI bana sakatA hai yA dvitIya bhaGga ho, kintu sAta bhaGga nahIM banate / phira Apane yaha saptabhaGgI kI kalpanA kisa AdhAra para khar3I kI hai ?

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nyAparatna : sAyaratnAvalI TokA : caturya adhyAya. sUtra 11 uttara-aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie kyoMki aise kathana meM bahuta bar3A bakher3A khar3A ho jAtA hai| yadi sbasasva-ghaTAdi kA satva para---paTAdi ke asattvarUpa mAna liyA jAya to phira ghaTa meM jisa prakAra svacatuSTaya kI apekSA sattva kahA gayA hai usI prakAra para-catuSTaya kI apekSA bhI usameM sattva ke Ane kA prasaMga prApta hogA / athavA paTa ko apekSA jo ghaTa meM asatva dharma hai vahI ghaTa kA sva catuSTaya kI apekSA sattva hai madi aisA mAnA jAve to ghaTa meM svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se bhI asattvadharma ke mAnane kA prasata dunivAra ho jAvegA / ataH ghaTa meM sattvadharma svatantra hai auH asatva dharma bhI svatantra hai| isakI svatantra sattA meM zeSa bhaMgoM ke vastu maiM sadbhAva siddha hone meM phira koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| isa taraha se isa sUtra kI acchI taraha saGgati sthApita kara aba yaha prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai ki isa sUtra meM jo pada rakhe gaye haiM unakI sArthakatA kisa prakAra se huI hai| sUtra meM jo "ekatra" pada rakkhA gayA hai vaha "eka vastu meM" isa artha ko prakaTa karatA hai| isase yaha bAta bodhita kI gaI hai ki eka vastu ke hI Azrita eka dharma ke vidhi-pratiSedha ko lekara yaha sapta bhaMgI banatI hai / nAnA bastu ke Azrita vidhi pratiSedha ko lekara aisI saptamaGgo nahIM banatI hai| ataH nAnA vastu ke vidhi-pratiSedha se jAyamAna usa saptabhanI kI vyavacchitti ke liye yahA~ "ekatra" pada rakkhA gayA hai / "abirodhena" aisA jo pada sUtra meM rakhA gayA hai vaha pratyakSAdi pramANa se viruddha jo sat-asat Adi kI vidhi-pratiSedha rUpa anya tIthika janoM kI ekAnta mAnyatAe~ haiM unheM haTAne ke liye rakkhA gayA hai| sUtra meM kathaJcitpada kA bodhaka syAptAda hai| saptabhaMgI pada se yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki eka vastvAzrita pratyeka dharma ke vidhi-niSedha kI apekSA se sAta hI bhaGga hote haiM, 6 yA 8 bhaMga nahIM hote haiN| sUtra-syAtsadeva sarvamiti prAdhAnyena vidhivighakSayA prathamo bhaGgaH // 11 / / saMskRta TIkA-pUrvoktAnAmeva saptabhaGgAnAM svarUpANi nirUpayitu syAtsadeva sarvamityAdi sUtramAha-- syAtpadamatrAnekAntabodhaka vibhakti pratirUpakamavyayam / syAtpada nirapekSa yadi kazmidevaM brUyAt sanne va ghaTastadA svarUpeNa yathA ghaTe sattvaM vartate tathaiva pararUpeNApi tatra sattvamApatitaM syAt ataH parahapeNa tatra sattvaM na syAdityavabodhanArtha syaatpdmukt| tathA ca syAtkathaJcitstra dravya kSetra kAla-bhAvareva ghaTo'sti na tu paTAdi dravya-kSetrAdibhiriti / ghaTasya dravyaM mRttikA, kSatraM yatra saMsthito'sti, kAla: yasmin kAle sa vartamAno'sti, bhAvo yena varNAdinA saH samanvito'sti, evaM ghaTo dRSyatvenaiva pArthivatvAdinavAstisadAtmako vartate, natu jalatvAdinA, kSetrataH marubhUmitaH evaM na tu gurjaradezataH, kAlato varSAkAlenaiva nat vAsastikatyena, bhAvataH punarnIlatvenaiva natu raktatvenAsti ityartholabhyate / paradravyAdibhirghaTe'stitvaprasaktivAraNArtha yayA syAtpadamukta tathaiva svadravyAdibhirapi nAstitvavAraNArthamevakArapadamuktamiti / sUtrArtha-saptabhaMgI ke bhaGgoM meM se prathama bhaGga ko prakaTa karane ke lie yaha sUtra kahA gayA hai| sabhA ca-kisI apekSA samassa jIvAdika vastu satsvarUpa hI hai / isa prakAra kA yaha pradhAna rUpa se vidhi kI vivakSA karake samasta vastu meM astitva kA kathana karane vAlA prathama bhaGga hai / / hindI vyAkhyA-syAt yaha pada vibhakti pratirUpaka avyaya hai / as dhAtu ke vidhiliGga kA prathama puruSa kA ekavacana kA rUpa nahIM hai| yaha syAvAda siddhAnta ke prANabhUta anekAnta kA bodhaka hai|

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100 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 11 .. prazna--yadi syAtpada anekAnta kA bodhaka hai to isa taraha ke pada ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI hai kyoMki usI eka anekAnta pratipAdaka syAtpada dvArA kathaJcit sadAdi rUpa anekAnta kA pratipAdana ho jAtA hai| uttara-zaGkA ThIka hai / parantu vicAra karane para yaha nirmUla ho jAtI hai| kyoMki syAtpada sAmAnyarUpa se hI anekAnta kA pratipAdana karanA hai ataH usase sAmAnyataH anekAnta kA bodha to ho jAtA hai parantu phira bhI jo vizeSArthIjana haiM unheM samajhAne ke lie to vizeSa kA prayoga karanA hI par3atA lakSya ko lekara yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se sad-astitva-pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi sAmAnya se vRkSa ke kahane para vizeSa vRkSa kA bhI usameM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| parantu phira bhI yaha vRkSa pIpala kA hai aisA vizeSArthI ko samajhAne ke liye vizeSavAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hI hai | isI abhiprAya ko lekara "syAtsadeva sarvam" aise vizeSavAcaka pada kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| prazna-aisA jaba ApakA kathana hai ki vastu aneka dharmAtmaka hai to phira isame yaha bhI to pratipatti ho jAtI hai ki vastu kathaMcit sadAdi dharmavAlI bhI hai| phira usa vizeSa rUpa sadAdi dharma kA bodha karAne vAle syAtpada kAmo anarthaka hI hai| kamonizA nitA dulA hai mo'prayukto'pi vA tajjJa: sarvArthAtpratIyate / yathaivakAro'yogAdi vyavaccheda prayojanaH // 1 // ataH isa kAma ke anusAra zrotA ko evakAra kI taraha isakA bhAna svataH hI ho jAyagA / ataH syAspada kA prayoga akiJcakara hI pratIta hotA hai ? uttara-zrotA do taraha ke hote haiM--eka ve jo sthAdvAda nyAya meM kauzala saMpanna haiM aura dUsare ve jo syAdvAda nyAya meM kauzalasaMpanna nahIM haiM / isaliye pahale prakAra ke zrotAjanoM kI apekSA ko lekara to hamane bhI syAtpada kA prayoga sArthaka nahIM mAnA hai| parantu jo dUsare prakAra ke zrotA haiM unheM syAdvAda siddhAnta meM kuzalatA prApta karAne ke nimitta isa zabda kA prayoga Avazyaka hai / unheM binA isakA prayoga kiye syAvAda siddhAnta kA bhAna nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH unheM syAt zabda ke prayoga se yaha samajhAyA jAtA hai ki ghaTa para-rUpa stambhAdika kI apekSA se sarvathA astitva rUpa viziSTa na hokara kevala apane hI dravyAdi kI apekSA se astitvaviziSTa hai| isa taraha pratyeka jIvAdika vastu svarUpAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA se hI astitvaviziSTa haiM, para-rUpAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA se nhiiN| . prazna-jaba aisI bAta hai to phira vAkya meM sarvatra isakA prayoga dekhane meM kyoM nahIM AtA hai ? kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara-vAkya meM jo isakA prayoga Avazyaka hone para bhI dekhane meM nahIM AtA hai usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki vaha sAmarthya se hI pratIta ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra vAkya meM ayogavyavacchedaka eva zabda ke 'prayoga kiye binA bhI samajhadAra vyakti prakaraNavaza use samajha lete haiM usI prakAra samajhadAra vyakti syAt zabda kA prayoga vAkya meM nahIM hone para bhI prakaraNa vaza use prayukta huA jAna lete haiN| tabhI to unheM * iSTArtha kA bodha ho jAtA hai| isI saba prakaraNa ko zaMkA-samAdhAnapUrvaka suspaSTa karane ke liye "ataH pararUpeNa tatra sattvaM na syAdityavabodhanArtha syAt padamuktam" isa pATha ko TIkAkAra ne rakhA hai| itanA

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 12 : | 101 spaSTa ho jAne para aba TIkAkAra isI bAta ko yoM samajhAte haiM--jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki "syAt sanneva ghaTaH " to isakA abhiprAya yahI hotA hai ki ghaTa apane dravya se mRttikA rUpa svopAdAna dravya kI apekSA se hI hai para dravyarUpa jalAdika kI apekSA se nahIM hai / apane kSetra se jahA~ para vaha rakhA huA hai aise mAravAr3a rUpa sthAna kI apekSA se hI hai / parankSatrarUpa gujarAta kI apekSA vaha nahIM hai| apane kAla se - jisa kAla meM vaha varttamAna hai aise kI apekSA hI hai| pAla kI jisameM vaha varttamAna nahIM hai aise vasantakAla kI apekSA se vaha nahIM hai| bhAva se apane meM vattaM mAna nIlAdi rUpa paryAya kI apekSA se hI hai, para-bhAva rakhatatvAdi varNa paryAya kI apekSA se vaha nahIM hai / paradravyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA seTa meM astitva Ane ke prasaGga ko dUra karane ke liye jisa prakAra se syAt pada kahA gayA hai. usI prakAra svacatuSTaya kI apekSA ghaTa meM nAstitva ke prasaGga ko vAraNa karane ke liye evakAra pada kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra vidhi astitva kI pradhAnatA ko lekara yaha prathama bhaGga kahA hai / / 11 sUtra - syAdasadeva sarvamiti prAdhAnyena niSedhavivakSayA dvitIyo bhaGgaH // 12 // saMskRta TIkA -- syAt -- paradravyakSa etrAdibhiH jIvAdikaM vastu asadeva - nAstyevetyevaM rUpo'rthaH prAdhAnyena niSedhasya pratipAdakena dvitIya bhaGgavAkyena pratipAdyate / svadravyAdibhiritra para - dravyAdibhirapi vastuno'sattvAniSTaM pratiniyata svarUpAbhAvato vastu pratiniryAt naM syAt / na cAsti tvaikAntavAdibhirana nAstitvamasiddhamiti vAcyaM kathaJcit tasya vastuni yuktisiddhatvAt / hetuvat nahi kvacidanityatvAda sAdhye sattvAdi sAdhanasya astitvaM vipakSa nAstitvamantareNopapatrama sAdhanatvAbhAva prasaMgAn / tasmAd vastuni astitvaM nAstitvenAvinAbhUtaM nAstitvaM ca teneti sarvAnubhavasiddham / sUtrArtha - kisI apekSA jIvAdika vastu asatsvarUpa hI hai aisA yaha pradhAna rUpa se asattva dharma kI vivakSA karake samasta vastu meM nAsti kA --asatva kA kathana karane vAlA dvitoya bhaGga hai| hindI vyAkhyA- " syAdasadeva sarvam" samasta jIvAdika vastue~ kathaJcit asat svarUpa hI haiMjaba aisA kahA jAtA hai to isakA yahI artha hotA hai ki jisa prakAra ve svarUpAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA satsvarUpa hI haiM usI prakAra ve para catuSTaya kI apekSA - paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAva kI apekSA asat svarUpa hI haiN| svacatuSTaya kI apekSA jisa prakAra se vastu meM sattva iSTa mAnA gayA hai yadi isI prakAra se usameM paracatuSTaya kI apekSA bhI sattva mAnA jAve -asatva na mAnA jAve to vastu kA . pratiniyata svarUpa vyavasthita nahIM ho sakatA hai aura isa kAraNa yaha amuka vastu hai, yaha amuka vastu hai - isa rUpa se vastu kI svatantra sattA bhI nahIM sadha sakatI hai| prazna - jo astitvaikAntavAdI haiM--vastu ekAntataH astitva dharma se hI yukta hai-aisI jinakI mAnyatA hai unake yahA~ to kisI bhI apekSA nAstitva dharma vAlI vastu mAnI nahIM gaI hai ataH samasta vastu nAstitva dharmavAlI haiM, aisA AmakA kahanA asiddha hai / uttara- aisA nahIM kahanA caahiye| kyoMki aisI koI bhI vastu nahIM hai jo ekAntataH astitva dharmatriziSTa hI ho, nAstitva dharma viziSTa na ho| kyoMki yaha bAta yukti se ghaTita hotI hai ki astitva binA nAstitva ke aura nAstitva binA astitva ke raha hI nahIM sakatA hai / ye donoM paraspara meM avinAbhAvI haiM / jisa prakAra sattvarUpa hetu kA apane anityarUpa sAdhya vAle pakSa meM astitva vipakSa se vyAvRtta hue vinA

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102 / nyAyazna : nyAyararamAvalI TIkA : marma avyAya, mUtra 13-14 nahIM saghatA hai / so jisa prakAra hetu meM svasAdhya ko siddha karane kI apekSA astitva vipakSa meM nahIM rahane rUpa nAstitvAbinAbhAvI hai usI prakAra vastu meM jo astitva dharma hai vaha nAstitvAvinAbhASI hai| yaha bAta aisI hai jo sarvAnubhava prasiddha hai / / 12 // sUtra--syAtsadeva syAdasadeveti zamazo vidhiniSedhavivakSayA tRtIya bhaGgaH // 13 / / saMskRta TIkA-prathama dvitIya bhaGgAbhyAM jIvAdi vastuno'stitvaM nAstitvaJca pRthak-pRthak prAdhAnyenaiva pratipAvita samprati tRtIya bhaMgena kramazo jIvAdi vastuni vidhi-niSedhakalpanayA'stitvaM nAstitvaM cAha-yadA jIvAdi vastu vattinorastitva nAstitva dharmayoH krameNa vivakSA kriyate tadA tadastu svadrasyakSetra-kAla-bhAva rastyeva para-dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAvastu nAstyeva ityevaM kramazo vidhi-niSeSarUpayorastitva nAstitvadharmayoH pratipAdakastRtIyabhaMgaH suspaSTa evaM / sUtrArtha-jIvAvika vastu kathaJcit satsvarUpa hI hai aura kathaMcit asatsvarUpa hI hai isa prakAra kramazaH vidhi-niSedha kI kalpanA se tRtIya bhaMga banatA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-yaha bAta to pahale samajhA dI gaI hai ki prathama bhaGga meM pradhAnarUpa se vidhi vivakSita huI hai aura dvitIya maGga meM pradhAna rUpa se nAstitva dharma vivakSita huA hai, aba isa tRtIya bhaGga meM kramazaH donoM dharma pradhAna rUpa se vivakSita hue haiN| jaba jIvAdi vastu meM svadravyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA se vidhi kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai taba vaha pradhAna ho jAtI hai aura jaba para-draSyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA se nAstitva dharma kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai taba nAstitva dharma pradhAna hotA hai / isa taraha yahA~ para pramazaH donoM dhamoM kI pradhAnatA hai ataH yaha tRtIya bhaGga suspaSTa hai / / / / 13 / / / sUtra-syAdavaktavyameveti yugapat prAdhAnyena vidhi-niSedhavivakSayA caturthaH // 14 / / saMskRta TIkA-kramazaH pradhAnabhAvena vidhi-niSedhayostRtIyabhaGgaH pratipAditaH samprati yugapad vidhiniSedhayoH pradhAnamAvena jAyamAnaM catartha bhaddha pratipAdayitamAha-syAdavaktavyamevela vassumojantadharmAtmaka tvAyugapatsakaladharma nirUpaNamazakyam ato yogapadya na basa mazakyatvAd vastu kabdhidavaktavyameva yugapat sAdRza pratipAdaka zabdAbhAvAt saMketito'pi zabdo yugapadanekArya pratyAyame mAlam // 14 // sUtrArtha-jaba astitva aura nAstitva ina donoM dharmoM kI yugapat pradhAnatA batalAkara vastu kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha vastu kathaJcit avaktavya koTi meM A jAtI hai / isI bAta ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha caturtha bhaGga hai| vastu ananta dharmoM se yukta hai ataH koI aisA zabda nahIM hai jo eka sAtha aneka dharmoM kA pratipAdana kara sake / kyoMki jaba vastu ke astitva dharma kA pratipAvana kiyA jAyegA tava nAstitva dharma kA pratipAdana nahIM ho sakegA aura jaba nAstitva dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA jAyegA taba 1. 'mArpitadayA taM / / 2. sahAvAcyamazanita:" -aSTa sahasrI kArikA 16, isake liye dekho-AptamImAMsA para likhA gayA merA vistRta hindI anuvAda; tathA saptabhaGgI ke svarUpa ko acchI taraha se jAnane ke liye mere dvArA anUdita yuktyanuzAsana ko dekhanA cAhiye /

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nyAyaratna : nyAvaratnAvalI TIkA : paturtha adhyAya, sUtra 14 1103 astitva dharma kA nizAna nahIM ho ke gA hAgina dhoMgugapat pratipAdana na ho saphane ke kAraNa vastu ko kaJcit abaktabya kahA gayA hai| prazna-aise kaI zabda koSAdi meM milate haiM jo eka hI sAtha aneka arthoM kA jJAna karA dete haiM, jaise "go" zabda gAya, brahmA, AtmA, vANI Adi arthoM kA; vyAkaraNa prasiddha san zabda zatR aura zAnan kA; evaM puSpadanta zabda candra aura sUrya kA eka sAtha jJAna karA dete haiM phira Apa aisA kaise kahate haiM ki ina donoM dharmoM kA eka sAtha pratipAdana karane vAlA koI zabda nahIM hai-ataH vastu kacit avatavya hai / kyoMki ina pUrvokta zabdoM kI taraha hI hama koI aisA eka sAGketika zabda mAna leMge ki jisake dvArA ina donoM dharmoM kA hama eka sAtha jJAna kara leMge / usara-aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jaba yaha siddhAnta hai ki arthabheda se usake vAcaka zAbda meM aura zabdabheda se usake vAcya artha meM bheda hotA hai, nahIM to vAcya-vAcaka sambandhra hI ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA taba gAya artha kA bAcaka go zabda bhinna hai aura vANo artha kA vAcaka go zabda bhinna hai| isa taraha apane-apane artha ko kahane vAle go zabda vAcyArtha ke bheda se bhinna-bhinna hI haiM, ve eka nahIM haiM / parantu unameM jo ekatva kI pratIti hotI hai baha sAdRzya se hotI hai / isI prakAra st| zabda se zatR aura zAnaca ina pratyayoM kA jJAna bhI kramazaH hI hotA hai kyoMki zabda meM eka bAra meM eka hI artha kA.pratipAdana karane kI zakti hai, anekArtha kA eka sAtha pratipAdana karane kI zakti nahIM hai / aisA hI kathana "puSpadanta" zabda meM apane artha kA pratipAdana karane ke sambandha meM jAnanA caahiye| prazna-aisA kahakara Apa haThAt apanI bAta manavAnA cAhate haiM / kyA Apako yaha nahIM mAlUma haiM ki jaba "senA" zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha "senA" zabda yugapat hAthI, ghor3A, baisa, sipAhI, vIrayoddhA ityAdi aneka arthoM kA bodhaka hotA hai ? isI prakAra "vana" zabda khadira, palAza Adi aneka arthoM kA yugapat jJAna karAne vAlA hotA hai / phira hama yaha kaise mAna leM ki eka zabda yugapat aneka arthoM kA bAdhaka nahIM hotA hai ? uttara senA, vana Adi zabdoM kI bhI pravRtti yugapat anekArtha ke kahane meM nahIM hotI hai| kintu hAthI, ghor3A, ratha Adi kI vizeSa pratyAsattirUpa eka samUha artha ke kahane meM hI hotI hai| hAthI, ghor3A, ratha Adi kI vizeSa pratyAjhatirUpa eka samudAya hI senA hai aura isI apane eka vAcyArtha kA vAcaka vaha senA zabda hai, hAthI, ghor3A Adi aneka arthoM kA nahIM / isI prakAra se vana zabda ke sambandha meM bhI yahI kathana jAnanA cAhiye / dvandva samAsa evaM karmadhAraya samAsa ye saba bhI eka sAtha apane vAcyArtha ko nahIM kahate haiN| isI prakAra se pramANavAkya aura syAtpada ye saba bhI yugapat apane vAcyArtha kA kathana nahIM karate haiM / isa sambandha meM vizeSa zaGkA samAdhAnapUrvaka kathana madhyamopayogI TIkA ke dvArA kiyA jaaygaa| yaha prathamAparIkSopayogI TIkA hai ataH usake anurUpa hI yahAM yaha prakaraNa "yugapat tAdRza pratipAdaka zamdAbhAvAt saMketito'pi zabdo yugapadanekArtha pratyAyanenAlam" isa pATha ke asalI hRdyArya ko prakAzita karane 1. "janendra vyAkaraNa" meM zatu aura zAnam pratyaya kI sat aisI saMjJA kI gaI hai2, "sAhatikamekaM padaM tadabhidhAtu samartha mityapi na satyam tasyApi krameNArghadvayasya pratyAyane saamoppttH| -syAdvAdaratnAkara pR0 16,

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104 / nyAyarala: ratnAvalI TogA: catartha adhyAya, matra 15-16-17 ke liye saMkSapa se likhA hai / isa taraha yaha caturtha bhaMga kisI apekSA, eka sAtha donoM kI vaktavyatA kisI bhI zabda ke dvArA nahIM ho sakane ke kAraNa nirdoSarUpa se susaMpanna ho jAtA hai // 14 // sUtra-AdyaturyayobhaMgayo oge paJcamaH // 15 / / saMskRta TIkA- Adya turyayo bhaMgayoryogajAyamAnasya paJcamabhaGgasyAlApaprakAraH / "syAtsadeva sarva jIvAdikaM syAdavattA vyameva sarva jIvAdikamityAkArako bhavati / evaJca yadA vidhivivakSayA ghaTe svadravya-kSetra-kAlAdibhirastitvaM pratipAdyate tathA ghaTe'stitvasya pradhAnatA nAstitvasya ca gauNatA yugapata ubhayoH prAdhAnye ca syAdavaktavyatA / hindI vyAkhyA---prathama bhaMga aura caturthabhaMga ke saMyoga se pAMcavAM bhaMga hotA hai| isakA AlApa prakAra "syAtsadeva syAdavaktavyameva" aisA hai / isakA tAtparya aisA hai ki jaba ghaTAdi vastuoM meM vidhi kI pradhAnatA karake svadravyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA se astitva dharma kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, usa rAmaya nAstitva dharma kI gauNatA ho jAtI hai parantu usa bastu meM ye donoM dharma vidyamAna haiM so ina donoM kA eka sAtha vahA~ kathana nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa kAraNa vara astitvadharmaviziSTa hotI huI bhI kaJcit avaktavya hai / tAtparya yahI hai ki pratyeka vastu prathama bhaMga kI apekSA vaktavya hotI huI bhI yugapat prathama dvitIya bhaMga kI apekSA vaha kathaJcit avaktavya ho jAtI hai // 15 // sUtra-dvitIyaturyayoryoge SaSThaH / / 16 / / saMskRta TIkA-dvitIyaturyayorbhaGgayoryoge SaSTho bhaGgo niSpanno bhavati / asyAlApa prakAra:syAnAstyevAvaktavyaM ca sarvamityAkArako bhavati / tathA ca ghaTAdikaM vastu para-dravyAdi catuSTayarnAstitvaviziSTa sat astitva nAstitvAbhyAM yugapad vaktumazakyatvAdavaktavyameveti / __ hindI vyAkhyA-dvitIya bhaGga aura caturtha bhaGga kA yoga karane para yaha chaThA bhaGga niSpanna hotA hai| isake dvArA yaha pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki ghaTAdika vastu kathaJcita para-dravyAdi cata kI apekSA nAstitvaviziSTa hotI huI bhI astitva aura nAstitva dharmoM dvArA yugapad vaktumaazakya hai| isaliye "syAnAstitvameva avaktavyaM gha" yaha chaThA bhaGga bana jAtA hai ||suu0 161 sUtra-kramAkramAbhyAM vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA rUpaH saptamaH ||suu0 17 / / .. saMskRta TokA-ayaM ca saptamo bhaGgastRtIyabhaGgacaturthabhaGgayoH saMyoge bhavati / yadA kramazo vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA bhavati tadA tRtIya bhaGgasya akrameNa ca vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanAyAM caturtha bhaGgasya niSpattiH / evaM ca syAdghaTAdi vastu svadravyAdi catuSTayApekSayA'stitvaviziSTaM sat para-dravyAdi catuSTayApekSayA syAnAstitvaviziSTaM sat / astitva-nAstitvAbhyAM yugapad vaktumazakyatvAdabyameva kathaJciditi saptamabhaGgasyAlApa prakAraH / saptabhaGgAnAmitthaM hRdya strAnubhUtyaiva cakAstiityaktala vistareNeti // 17 // _sUtrArtha-vidhi aura Astitva kI jaba kramazaH mukhyatA kI jAtI hai jaba tRtIya bhaGga kI aura ina donoM kI yugapad jaba mukhyatA kI jAtI hai taba caturtha bhaGga kI niSpatti hotI hai-aisA pahale pratipAdana se jJAta ho cukA hai| ataH kramazaH aura akramazaH vidhi-nAstitva kI vivakSA meM yaha saptama bhaGganiSpanna hotA hai / tAtparya isakA yahI hai ki svadravyAdi catuSTaya aura para-dravyAdi catuSTaya kI kramazaH vivakSA karane para ye astitva aura nAstisva dharma eka-dUsare ke samakSa gauNa nahIM hote haiM jaisA ki prathama dvitIya

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 18 |105 bhaGga meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| para isa tRtIya bhaGga meM ina donoM kI kramazaH mukhyatA huI hai| isI kAraNa yaha tRtIya bhaGga ina prathama aura dvitIya bhaGgoM se bhinna kahA gayA hai| aura jaba ina donoM dharmoM kI yugapat mukhyatA kI jAtI hai usa avasthA meM ina dharmoM dvArA vastu avaktavya ho jAtI hai / isa taraha vastu astitvanAstitva dhoM dvArA kramazaH vyaktavya hotI huI bhI donoM dharmoM kI yugapada mukhyatA meM vaha abaktavya bhI ho jAtI hai| isa taraha ghaTAdika vastu kisI apekSA astitva vAlI bhI hai, kisI apekSA nAstitva dharmavAlI bhI hai aura kisI apekSA adhaktavya dharma vAlI bhI hai, yahI isa bhaMga kA niSkarSArtha hai| saptabhaGgI ke svarUpa kathana meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki eka hI varma ke viSaya meM sAta prakAra ke vacanaprayoga ko saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / aba hama isI sAta prakAra ke vacanaprayoga ko sarala rUpa se samajhane ke lie jinadattagata putratva dharma ko lekara ghaTita kara prakaTa karate haiM-- syAdasti jinadattaH putraH (1) sthAnAsti jinadattaH putraH (2) syAdastinAsti jinadattaH putra (3) syAdavaktayadhyo jinadattaH putraH (4) syAdasti avaktavyo jinadattaH putraH (5) syAnnAsti avaktavyo jinadattaH putraH (3) syAdasti nAsti avaktavyo jinadataH putraH (7) / isa prakAra se jinadatta meM eka putratva dharma ko lekara sAta prakAra ke ye vacana prayoga hote haiM / jaba hama jinadatta ko "yaha putra hai" isa prakAra se vivakSita karate haiM to isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hotA hai ki jinadatta putra hI hai / kyoMki hI zabda kA prayoga usameM itara aputratva Adi aneka dharmoM kA vyavacchedaka ho jAtA hai aura eka putratva dharma kI hI ekAnta se baha usameM pratiSThA karatA hai ataH isa "hI" ko haTAne ke liye ho "bhI" kA sthAnApanna "syAt" zabda prayakta haA hai, jo isa bAta ko udaghoSita karatA hai ki jinadatta apane pitA kI apekSA se hI patra hai aura dUsarI kisI ora apekSA se vaha putra nahIM hai (kintu apanI patnI kI apekSA se to vaha pati bhI hai) isa prakAra jinadatta meM ye do vacana prakAra banate haiM jinadatta kisI apekSA putra bhI hai (1) kisI apekSA jinadatta putra nahIM bhI hai (2) / parantu jinadatta meM aisA nahIM hai ki putratva dharma aura aputratva dharma ekadUsare dharma ke astitva kAla meM vartamAna nahIM hai / para unakA prakANana pradhAna rUpa se kramazaH hI ho sakatA hai, akramazaH nahIM / ataH usa apekSA tIsare vyakti kI dRSTi meM jinadatta putra bhI hai aura putra nahIM bhI hai aisA yaha tRtIya vacana prakAra bana jAtA hai / ina donoM dharmoM ko eka sAtha jinadatta meM prakAzana karane vAlA koI eka zabda nahIM hai-ataH isa apekSA jinadatta kyA hai ? putra hai yA aputra hai yaha kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai / isalie vaha adhyaktavya bhI hai / kevala putratva kI vivakSA se vaha jinadatta putra bhI hai aura putratva-aputratva kI bugapat vivakSA se syAt putraH syAdavaktavyazca yaha usameM pA~cavA bhaMga-bacana prakAra bana jAtA hai| kevala aputratva kI vivakSA se evaM donoM kI-yubalva aputratva kI yugapat vivakSA se vaha "syAdaputraH syAdavaktavyazca" isa chaThe vacana prakAra kA vAcya bana jAtA hai| donoM dharmoM kI putratva aputratva kI kramazaH pradhAnatA lekara vAcyatA meM aura ina donoM kI yugapatpradhAnatA lekara jaba vicArita hotA hai taba vaha "sthAtputraH syAdaputraH syAdavaktavyazca" isa sAtaveM vacana kA vAcya bana jAtA hai suu017|| sUtra---vidheriva niSedhakasyApi bodhakatvAcchabdAtatpratipattiH // 18 // saMskRta TokA-prAdhAnyeneti padamatrAdhyAhAryam / tasmAd yathA zabdaH pradhAnatayA vidhi bodhayati nyA TI014

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106 / nyAyarala. : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : vitIya adhyAya, sUtra 19-20 evaM prAdhAnyena niSedhamA auSayatIti mAtamyam na ta pradhAnatayA niSedhasya pratipattirna syAt na caivaM sarvAnubhavasiddhatvAsatpratipattaH, ataH zabdasya vidhibodhakatvamiba niSedhavodhakatvamapi pratipattavyam / sUtrArtha--gabda jisa prakAra astitva kA bodhaka hotA hai usI prakAra se vaha nAstitva kA bhI bodhaka hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-yahA~ "pradhAnatA se" aisA zabda' adhyAhRta huA hai / isaliye isa mUtra kA artha aisA samajhanA cAhiye-ki zabda jisa prakAra se vidhi-astitva kA pradhAna rUpa se pratipAdaka hotA hai ha prathamabhaMga banatA hai| isI prakAra se baha niSedha-nAstitva kA bhI pradhAnalpa se pratipAdaka hotA hai / yadi aisA nahIM aMgIkAra kiyA jAye to usase pradhAnarUpa se nAstitva kI pratipatti na ho sakane ke kAraNa dvitIya bhaMga jo nAstitva dharma kI pradhAnatA karake niSpanna hotA hai, vaha kaise niSpanna ho sakegA? ataH yaha sarvAnubhava prasiddha bAta apalapita nahIM kI jA sakatI haiM, aura na yaha ekAnta rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki zabda pradhAnatA se vidhi kA hI kahane vAlA hai, niSedha kA pradhAnatA ne kahane vAlA nahIM hai| kyoMki vaha prakaraNAnusAra vivakSAdhIna hokara kahIM vidhi kA pradhAnatA se kadhaka hotA hai to kahIM nAstitva kA pradhAnatA se kathaka hotA hai // 18 // sUtra-guNabhAvenaiva tadabhidhAne natra gauNatvAnupapattiH / / 16 / / saMskRta dIkA-zabdo guNabhAvenaidha-aprAdhAnye va nAstitva-niSedhamabhidhattaM ityapi na samyakkvacitprAdhAnyena pratIyamAnasyaivAnyatAprAdhAnyena pratipatta :, evaJca yathA zabdaH vavacidastitvarUpaM dharma pradhAnatayA pratipAdayati evaM kadAcit kvacit niSedhamapi prAdhAnyena pratipAdayati / natu aprAdhAnye naiva, anyathA tatrApradhAnatAnupapattaH kvacitpradhAnatayA pratIyamAnasyaivApradhAnatAyAH sadbhAvAt / etena paradravyakSetrAdyapekSayA ghaTAdau nAstitva pratipAdakasya dvitiiybhNgsyoppttiruttaa| hindI vyAkhyA-zabda nAstitva dharma ko pradhAnarUpa se na kahakara gauNarUpa se hI kahatA hai, yadi aisI bAta kahI jAve to isa para kahA gayA hai ki aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai / kyoMki nAstitva-dharma meM pradhAnatA mAne binA apradhAnatA nahIM A sakatI hai / ataH isa ekAnta mAnyatA ko chor3akara yahI mAnanA yuktiyukta hai ki zabda kahIM para pradhAnarUpa se jisa prakAra vidhi kA pratipAdaka hotA hai usI prakAra vaha kahIM para niSedha kA bhI pradhAnarUpa se hI pratipAdaka hotA hai| isa prakAra se dvitIya bhaMga nivirodha siddha ho jAtA hai| . satra-mukhyatvena niSedha kAntavAcyoktirapyakAntokta yuktaH / / 20 / / - saMskata TIkA-zabdaH pradhAnabhAvena niSedhameva nAstitva meva pratipAdayatItyapi na zreyaskara vidherapi pradhAna bhAvena kvacittana pratipAdanAt / yathA zabdaH kvacit kadAcit para-dravyAdi-catuSTayApekSayA niSedhasya pratipAdakobhihitaH, dvitIyabhaMge pradhAnabhAvena, tathaiva prathamabhaMge svadravyAdi catuSTayApekSayA vidherapi prAdhAnyena sa pratipAdako'bhihitaH / na ca bAcyam apradhAnatayaiva zabdo vidhi pratipAdayatIti kvacit pradhAnatA riktasyApradhAnatAnupapattaH / prato'kAntava niSedhaikAnta vAcyoktirukta yuktaH / hindI vyAkhyA zabda mukhya rUpa se niSedha kA hI pratipAdaka hotA hai yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TokA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 21-22 |107 kyoMki vaha kahIM-kahIM para pradhAna bhAva se vidhi kA pratipAdaka bhI hotA hai / ataH jisa prakAra dvitIyabhaMga meM zabda paradravyAdi catuSTaya ko lekara pradhAnatA se nAstitva dharma kA pratipAdaka huA hai, usI taraha vaha prathamabhaMga meM svadravyAdi catuSTaya ko lekara vidhi kA bhI pradhAnabhAva se pratipAdaka huA hai| itane para bhI yadi yaha kahA jAve ki zabda apradhAna rUpa se hI vidhi kA pratipAdaka hotA hai to isake samAdhAna nimitta yaha kahA gayA hai ki jise kahIM para bhI pradhAnatA kA pada prApta karane kA saubhAgya hI labdha nahIM huA hai use apradhAlatA kI koTi meM kaise DAlA jA sakatA hai ? jo kahIM pradhAna banatA hai vahI kahIM apradhAna banatA hai aura jo kahIM apradhAna banatA hai vahI kahIM para pradhAna banatA hai| ataH yaha ekAnta kathana ki zabda pradhAna bhAva se niSedha kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai evaM gauNarUpa se nAstitva kA aisA mAnakara prathama bhaMga ke Astatva kA sindUra kaise poMchA jA sakatA hai / / 20 // sUtra-vidhiniSedhAnyatarapratipAdanasya pradhAnatAzabde kramAdubhayakAntAdhAnyamasta gamayati // 21 / / saMskRta TIkA- prathama dvitIya bhaMga pratipAzayorarthayorekAntatAM nirAkRtya samprati tRtIyabhaMga pratipAdyasvArthasyakAntatA nirAcikIrSuH sUtrakAraH vidhi niSedhAnyataretyAdi mUtramAha-zabdaH kramAdubhayameva pradhAnabhAvenAbhidhatta, svadravyAdi catuSTayApekSayAstitvaM para-dravyAdi catuSTayApekSayA ca mAstitam / evaJca tRtIyabhaMge prAdhAnyena kramAdubhayadharma pratipAdanakAntatA yAyatIthikairurarIkRtA sA na mamIcInA zabde vidhi-niSedhAnyatara dharma pratipAdanopalambhAt / kathamiti vetprathama dvitiiybhNgaavlokniiyo| hindI vyAkhyA-jo aisA kahate haiM ki zabda pradhAnatA se kramazaH vidhi aura niSedha kA hI bodhaka hai, vidhi ko pradhAna karake vaha niSedha ko gauNa nahIM karatA hai aura niSedha ko pradhAna karake vidhi ko gauNa nahIM karatA, ataH vaha prathamabhaGga aura dvitIyabhaGga ko nahIM banAtA hai kevala eka tIsare hI bhaMga ko banAtA hai / so isa prakAra kI yaha tRtIyabhaMga ko mAnane kI jo ekAntatA hai usI kA vicAra isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne kiyA hai / isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki isa prakAra kI ekAnta mAnyatA susaMgata nahIM hai / kyoMki jaba taka ina donoM astitva nAstitva dharmoM kA sattva hI siddha nahIM hogA / taba taka inameM mukhyatA aura gauNatA ke hone kA kathana pramANita nahIM ho sakegA aura isake abhAva meM tRtIya bhaMga meM jo inheM kramazaH pradhAnatA dI gaI hai vaha kaise prApta ho sakegI? ataH isa "zabda dvArA donoM dhamoM kA pratipAdana kramazaH pradhAna rUpa se hI hotA hai mukhya gauNa rUpa se nahIM" ekAnta mAnyatA ko chor3akara ise kathaJcid rUpa meM hI svIkAra karanA cAhiye-jisase prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga kI mAnyatA para bhI A~ca na A sake / isaliye prathama bhaMga apane viSaya ko kathaJcit mukhya rUpa se aura dvitIya bhaMga apane viSaya ko kayazcit mukhya rUpa se aura yaha tRtIya bhaMga prathama dvitIya donoM bhaMgoM ke viSaya ko kaJcit kramazaH mukhya rUpa se pratipAdana karatA hai aisI mAnyatA ko hI nirdoSa mAnanA cAhiye / yahI niSkarSArtha isa sUtra aura isakI TIkA kA hai| sUtra-avaktadhya zabdanApi vAcyatvAbhAva prasaMgatazcaturtha bhaMgakAnto'pyakAntaH / / 22 / / saMskRta TokA--tRtIya bhaMgasyaikAntaM nirasya caturtha bhaMgakAntamakAntaM pradarzayatizabdo yugapadumayArthasyAvAcaka eva tAdRza vAcaka zabdA bhAvAdityapi na yuktiyuktaM tasyAvaktavya zabdenApi anirdezyatvAtavAcyatvAt ato'vAcyatva prasaMgatazcaturthabhaMgaikAnto na zreyAn vadatovyAghAtAt /

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108 / nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 23 hindI vyAkhyA-yadi aisA kahA jAya ki eka sAtha astitva nAstitva dharmoM kA pratipAdaka koI zabda nahIM hai, isaliye ina donoM dharmoM se viziSTa vastu sarvathA avaktavya hI hai| to isa ekAnta mAnyatA kA nirasana karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki yadi aisI hI ekAnta mAnyatA ko prazraya diyA jAve to phira jaise koI aisA kahe ki "merI mAtA bandhyA hai" athavA bhojana karatA huA koI vyakti aisA kahe ki "maiM bhojana karate samaya nahIM bolatA hU~-mauna se bhojana karatA hUM" to yaha saba jaisA vadatovyAghAta hai-svavacana bAvita hai- 'samI yA kAmahI igatovyAghAta hai| kyoMki sarvathA avaktavyatA meM "yaha avaktavya hai" isa prakAra ke zabda dvArA bhI vaha kathita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| nahIM to baha "abaktavya" isa bhabda ke dvArA baktabya ho jAtA hai aura isa taraha se yaha isa ekAnta pakSa para svayaM kI ora se kuThArAghAta karanA hai / ataH isa ekAnta mAnyatA kA parityAga kara "kathaMcit vastu avaktavya hai" aisA anekAnta pakSa hI aMgIkAra karanA cAhiye // 22 // sUtra-itarathApi saMvedanAccheSabhaMga trayakAnto'pyevameva / / 23 / / saMskRta TIkA-vidhispArthasya vAcatatve sati yugapadubhayArthasyAvAcaka eka zabda ityevaM rUpaH paJcamabhaMgaikAntaH, niSedhArthasya bAcakatve sati yugapadubhayArthasyAvAcaka eva zabda ityevaM rUpaH paThabhaMgaikAnta pakSaH, kramAdubhayasya vAcakaH sannapi yugapadubhayasyAvAcaka eva zabda ityevaM rUgaH saptamabhaMgakAntapakSo'pi akrAntaH / paJcamabhaMgakAntasyAkAntatvaM niSedhArthasya vAcakatvena mahApi yugapadubhayArthasya avAcakatva darzanAta siddha yati, SaSThabhaMgakAntapakSasyAkAntatvavidhyarthasya vAcakatvena sahApi yagapadabhagrAvAcakatva darzanena sidhyati, gaptamabhaMgaikAntapakSasyA kAntatva kevalaM vidhyAdi prAdhAnyenApi vAcakatva darzanataH sidhyati idamevetarathApi saMvedanA chadena prakAzitam / kimadhikaM proktena sudhiyo vicArayantu, svayamevaite eka dharmamAzritya mUloktAH saptabhaMgAzcandraprabhAvAccakAsate, kaumudaM ca vardhayanti / sUtrArtha-zeSa bhaGgoM kA-5veM, 6veM aura 7vaM bhaMgoM kA-ekAnta pakSa bhI isI taraha kA haiakAnta hai-sadoSa hai| hindI dhyAlyA-pAMcavA~ bhaMga nirdoSa, jaisA ki pahale prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai, mAnA gayA hai| parantu jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki zabda vidhirUpa artha kA vAcaka hotA huA eka sAtha vaha vidhi-niSedha kA avAcaka hI hotA hai taba usa bhaMga meM ekAntatA A jAtI hai aura yaha ekAttatA anekAnta pakSa ke samakSa isalie pramANita nahIM ho pAtI hai ki zabda niSedha rUpa padArtha kA bhI vAcaka hotA huA yugapat vidhi-niSedha donoM rUpa padArtha kA avAcaka hotA hai / isa taraha kevala eka paJcama bhaMga hI nahIM banatA hai| 6bA bhaMga bhI banatA hai| isI prakAra aisA ekAntataH pratipAdana karane vAlA "ki zabda nAstitva rUpa artha kA pratipAdana karatA huA yugapat vidhi-niSedhAtmaka padArtha kA vAcaka nahIM hI hotA hai|" chaThavAM bhaMga bhI nahIM banatA hai| kyoMki zabda vidhirUpa artha kA bhI pratipAdaka hotA huA vidhi-niSedharUpa artha kA yugapat bAcaka nahIM hotA hai| isI taraha pAMcaveM bhaMga ke sadbhAva ho jAne se kebala 6kheM bhaMga kA hI sadbhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai / isI prakAra sAtaveM bhaMga kA bhI ekAnta kathana akAnta hotA hai kyoMki zabda prathama Adi bhaMgoM kA bhI vAcaka hai yahI bAta 5, 6veM aura sAtaveM bhaMga kI ekAntatA meM akAntatA ekaTa karane vAlI "itarathA'pi saMvedanAt" isa pATha dvArA puSTa kI gaI hai| aba isa sambandha meM adhika pratipAdana karane kI

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 24 | 106 AvazyakatA nahIM hai / buddhimAn jana hI svayaM isakA vicAra karaleM / isa prakAra se ye mUlokta sAta bhaMga hI eka hI vastu meM kisI eka dharma sambandhI prazna ke anurodha se niSpanna hote haiM tathA ye candraprabhA kI taraha svayaM hI prakAzazIla haiM isIlie inase vastutattva ko jAnane meM prakAza milatA hai| inakA sahArA liye vinA vastutattva kA talasparzI jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| talasparzI jJAna hue binA anyatIrthika janoM meM apanI-apanI mAnyatA ko lekara jo vitaNDAvAda khar3A ho gayA hai vaha zAnta nahIM ho sakatA hai / aura isakI zAnti hue binA pRthvI para amana-caina nahIM barasa sakatA hai| yahI bAta saMketa ke rUpa meM "kaumudaM ca vardhayanti" isa pATa ke dvArA yahA~ prakaTa kI gaI hai| ataH pArasparika siddhAnta virodha ko dUra karane bAle sAta bhaMgoM kA AzrayaNa karanA AvazyakIya hai ||23|| sUtra-dharma-dharmaM prati saptabhaMga sadbhAvato'nantAH saptabhaMgyaH ||24|| saMskRta TIkA - ekasmin vastuni vidheya niSedhyAnanta dharma satvenAnanta bhaMga sambhave kathaM sapta bhaMgyeveti na trayam pratiparyAya saptabhaMgImanusRtyAnanta paryAyeSvananta saptabhaMgInAmeva saMbhavAt / sapta bhaMgItikathanaM tu sAmAnyato vijJeyaM pratidharmaM pratipAdyasya saptavidhajijJAsodayena praznAnAM saptavidhatvAt / jijJAsAyAgapi saptabhigyena zAm saptavidha sandehodaye ca kAraNaM tadviSayabhUtadharmANAM saptavidhatvaM vizeyam / ato'nanta saptabhaMgInAmiSTatvAt tatprasaMgApAdanena nAmmabhyaM kAcidapi vibhISikA pradarzanIyeti / sUtrArtha - yaha to pahale hI samajhA diyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vastu meM ananta dharma haiM aura unameM se kisI eka dharma ke vidhi aura niSedha kA Azraya karake saptabhaMga banate haiN| aisI sthiti meM zaMkAkAra ne aisI zaMkA upasthita kI hai ki jaba eka-eka dharbhe kI vidhi aura usake niSedha ko lekara 7 bhaMga banate haiM ki jise Apa saptabhaMgI kahate haiM to phira isa taraha se ananta saptabhaMgI Apako mAnanI par3egI to isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki isa prakAra ke ananta saptabhaMgI ke prasaMga prApta hone se hama Darate nahIM haiN| kyoMki hameM ananta saptabhaMgI mAnanA iSTa hai to phira sAta bhaMgoM kA jo samAhAra hai vaha saptabhaMgI hai aisA jo Apane kahA hai usakA kyA matalaba hai ? isa Apake kathana se to hama yahI samajha sake haiM ki bhaMga sAta hI hote haiM / kamatI adhika nhiiN| para yahA~ to Apa saptabhaMgI ko ananta hone kI bAta prakaTa kara rahe haiM / so kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara - bhaGga to sAta hI hote haiN| kamatI-bar3hatI nahIM, para isase yaha bAta thor3e hI pratIta hotI hai ki saptamI ananta nahIM hotI hai| jaba vastu ananta dharmoM kA eka akhAr3A hai to usameM ananta dharmarUpa pahalavAnoM kI kuztI hotI hI rahatI hai ise to koI roka nahIM sakatA hai| usameM koI pahalavAna kisI pahalavAna ko aura koI pahalavAna kisI pahalavAna ko pachAr3atA hI rahatA hai / vastuvartI astitvarUpa pahalavAna jaba nAstitvarUpa pahalavAna ke sAtha bhir3atA hai to vaha apanI dravyAdirUpa catuSTaya kI zakti ke bala para nAstitva rUpa pahalavAna ko parAsta kara vijayI bana jAtA hai aura jaba para- dravyAdi catuSTaya kI zakti ke nala para nAstitvarUpI pahalavAna astitvarUpI pahalavAna ke sAtha bhir3atA hai to vaha use parasta kara detA hai| isa taraha vijayazrI kabhI astitva ke gale maiM aura kabhI nAstitva ke gale meM svatantra rUpa se varamAlA DAlakara varaNa karatI hai| dhruvarUpa se yahA~ vijayazrI eka ke hI pakSa meM pakSapAtinI nahIM ho pAtI hai / aura jaba yaha donoM kI eka sI balavattA kA vicAra kara saMvaraNa karane kI ora jhukatI hai to usa samaya kramazaH hI vaha unheM saMvaraNa karatI hai eka sAtha

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110 / nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 25 nahIM kyoMki donoM meM kramazaH balavattA use pratI tikoTi meM A gaI hai parantu usakI balabattA kA vyAkhyAna vaha una donoM meM eka sAtha nahIM kara pAtI hai ataH usa apekSA ve donoM hI avavatavya koTi meM A jAte haiM / abaktavya koTi meM Ane para bhI ve donoM apanI-apanI apekSA svatantra rUpa se balazAlI bhI haiM aura pararUpa se balazAlI nahIM bhI haiN| isa apekSA ve 5va aura 6kheM bhaMga kI zreNI meM A jAte haiN| tathA evaM yugapat kramazaH balavattA kI sthiti meM ve donoM 7veM bhaGga kI zreNI meM A jAte haiN| isa taraha isa rUpaka ke anusAra jaba taka hama kisI bhI bastugata eka dharma kI chAnabIna karate haiM to usa samaya usakI chAnabIna karane meM ye sAta prakAra ke vicAra sAmane Ate haiN| ina sAta prakAra ke vicAroM kI upasthiti usa samaya vastugata dharma ko sAta prakAra se jAnane kI icchA se hI hotI hai / sAta prakAra kI jijJAsA kA kAraNa isa prakAra ke hI sAta praznoM kA honA hai| isa prakAra ke sAta praznoM ke hone kA kAraNa bastugata dharma meM sAta prakAra ke saMzayoM kA honA hai / isalie vastugata pratyeka dharma meM sAta prakAra ke ye uttara rUpa bhaGga hote haiM / ataH isa prakAra se ananta saptabhaGgI kA sadabhAva jaba siddha ho jAtA hai to isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bastugata eka-eka dharma viSayaka 7 prakAra ke udbhata saMzaya ko dUra karane ke lie ye pUrvokta rUpa se sAta hI bhaGga hote haiM / sUtra-saptabhaMgIyaM pratibhaMgaM sakalAdeza vikalAdeza bhedAt dvividhA / / 25 / / saMskRta TIkA-saptabhaMgAH sadbhAvaM sopapattikaM prakhyAyAdhunA sA pramANa saptabhaMgI-nayasaptabhaMgI bhedena dvividhA bhavatIti pratipAdayitu "saptabhaMgI pratibhaMgamityAdi' sUtramAha--- evaM ca pUrvokta svarUpA saptabhaMgI pratibhaMga dvividhA--sakalAdezasvabhAvA vikalAdeza svabhAvAca / sakalAdezasvabhAvA pramANasaptabhaMgItyucyate / vikalAdezasvabhAvAtu nayabhaMgItyucyate / tathA caikadharma bodhanamukhena kAlAdibhirabhedabRttyA'bhedopacAreNA'nekAzeSadharmAtmakavastu viSayaka bodhajanakavAkyatvaM sakalAdezam', abhedavRtta rabhedopacArasya vA'nAzrayaNe ekadharmAtmaka vastu viSayaka bodhajanaka vAkyatvarUpaM vikalAdezatvam / tatra dradhyArthikamayAnusAreNa sarvaparyAyANAM dravyAtmakatvAt syAdastyeva ghaTaH iti vAkyamastitvasvarUpaikadharma pratipAdana dvArA tadAtmaka sakaladharmAtmakasya vastuno'bhedavRttyA pratipAdaka bhavati, paryAyAthikanayAnusAreNa tu sarvaparyAyANAM parasparabhinnatvAt ekasya zabdasyAnekArthapratyAyane sAmarthya virahAdabhedopacAreNAnantadharmAtmakasya vastunaH pratipAdakaM bhavati / itirotthA dravyAthikanavena paryAyAthika nayena vA pratibhaMga pramANa saptabhaMgI prAdhAnyena atistvAtmaka dharmabodhakadvArA abhedavatyAH abhedopacArAdA vivakSitAstitvAdya kavatmikAnekAzeSadharmAtmaka vastU viSayaka vodhajanaka vAkya rUpA 'satI sakalAdezasvabhAvA bhavati naya saptabhaMgI tu abhedavRtta rabhedoyacArasya vA'nAzrayaNe pradhAnatayA ekadharmAtmaka vastu viSayaka bodha janaka vAkya rUrA satI vikalAdezasvabhAvA bhavatIti bhAvaH / .. hindI vyAkhyA-yaha saptabhagI pratyeka bhaMga meM sakalAdezarUpa aura vikalAdezarUpa hotI hai| isI kAraNa ise inhIM do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / pramANavAkya sakalAdezarUpa hotA hai isaliye sakalAdeza svabhAva vAlI pramANa saptabhaMgI hotI hai| nayavAkya vikalAdeza rUpa hotA hai| isalie vikalAdeza svabhAvavAlI naya saptabhaMgI hotI hai| vastagata ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ke pratipAdana dvArA jo vAkya una auSa dharmoM kI usa pratipAdita kiye gaye dharma ke sAtha kAlAdi dvArA abheda vRtti mAnakara ne usameM unake abheda kA upacAra karake una samasta dharmoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai, usa ananta dharmAtmaka vastu

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pAbA : bhAgamA bAkA : dhaturtha adhyAya, sUtra 25 sambandhI bodha kA janaka hotA hai-vaha sakalAdeza rUpa pramANa vAkya hai / isakA tAtparya aisA hai ki pramANa se jAnI huI anantadharmasvabhAvavAlI vastu ke kAla, AtmarUpa, artha, sambandha, upakAra, guNideza, saMsarga aura zabda kI apekSA se abhedavRtti athavA abheda kA upacAra karake sampUrNa dharmoM ko eka sAtha pratipAdana karane vAle vAkya ko sakalAdeza kahate haiN| pratyeka vastu meM ananta dharma maujUda haiM / ina samasta dharmoM kA eka yugapat kathana honA sarvathA azakya hai parantu phira bhI ina samasta dharmA kA yugapat ekAkya dvArA kathana ho sake isake liye eka tarIkA hai aura usa tarIke kA nAma hI pramANa vAkya yA sakalAdeza hai / jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki "ghaTa kathaMcit astisvarUpa hai" / taba yahI eka vAkya ghaTa ke usa pratirAdita astitva dharma ke sAtha zeSa usa vastu rUpa ghaTa meM rahe ananta dharmoM kI abheda vRtti mAna letA hai yA usake sAtha una dharmoM kA abhedopacAra kara letA hai / isa abhedavatti karane meM yA abhedopacAra karane meM ye kAla, AtmarUna Adi vAteM sApekSa hotI haiM / ghaTAdi padAthoM meM jisa samaya astitva sAdi dharma rahate haiM usa samaya jamameM aura bhI ananta dharma rahate haiM / yaha kAla kI apekSA usa pratipAdita astitva dharma ke sAtha anya ananta dharmoM kI abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra hai| isase yaha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki astitvAdi jitane bhI dharma usa bastu rUpa ghaTAdi padArtha meM haiM ve saba eka haiN| astitva dharma se bhinna nahIM haiM / ata. eka astitva dharma ke pratipAdita hote hI una samasta dharmoM kA pratipAdana ho gayA samajha liyA jAtA hai / Arama rUpa kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra isa prakAra se hotA hai-jisa prakAra astitva ghaTAdi padArtha kA svabhAva hai usI prakAra aura bhI usa ghaTAdirUpa vastu ke dharma usake svabhAva rUpa haiM / artha kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra isa prakAra se hotA hai-jisa prakAra ghaTAdi padArtha astitva dharma ke AdhArabhUta haiM, usI prakAra se ve aura bhI anya dharmoM ke AdhArabhuta haiN| yahA~ artha kA artha AdhArabhUta dravya hai / sambandha kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra isa prakAra se hotA hai jisa prakAra ghaTAdi padArtha kA aura astitva dharma kA tAdAtmya sambandha hai yahI sambandha anya azeSa dharmoM kA usa ghaTAdi padArtha ke sAtha hai| upakAra kI apekSA abhedavatti yA abhedopacAra isa prakAra se hai jo upavAra astitva ke dvArA apane svarUpa meM anurAga utpanna karatA hai vahI apane svarUpa meM anurAga zeSa dharmoM dvArA bhI kiyA jAtA hai / gaNideza kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra isa prakAra se hotA hai-guNideza kA matalaba hai dravya kA AdhArabhUta sthAna-kSetra / jo kSetra dravya se sambandhita-tAdAtmya sambandha se yukta hue-astitva kA hai vahIM kSetra usa dravya se sambandhita anya dharmoM kA bhI hai| saMmarga kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra isa prakAra se hotA hai--eka ghaTAdi rUpa vastu kI apekSA jo saMsarga astitta kA hai vahI saMsarga usake sAtha anya dharmoM kA bhI hai / zabda kI apekSA abhedavRtti yA abhedopacAra isa prakAra se hotA hai-jisa asti zabda se astitva dharma jAnA jAtA hai usI asti zabda se anya aura bhI dharma jAne jAte haiM / isa prakAra se kAlAdi ko lekara eka astitva dharma ke sAtha zeSa anya dharmoM kI dravyAthikanaya ko apekSA se abhedayatti mAna lI jAtI hai yA paryAyAthikanaya kI apekSA bhinna-bhinna rahe hue bhI una saba dharmoM meM abheda kA upacAra kara liyA jAtA hai| abheda vRtti dravyAthika naya kI "dravya kI samasta paryAyeM dravya kA haiN|" isa mAnyatAnusAra samasta dharmoM meM evaM aneka dharmiyoM meM mAnI jAtI hai aura abheda kA upacAra inameM isaliye kiyA jAtA hai, ki paryAyAthika naya kI mAnyatA ke anusAra jitanI bhI paryAya hai cAhe ve sahabhAvI rUpa ho cAhe kramabhAtrIrUpa hoM saba Apasa meM eka-dUsare se bhinna-bhinna hI haiM / isaliye eka pramANa vAkya anekArtha kA bodhaka nahIM ho

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112 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 25 sakatA hai / vaha bhI apane hI eka artha kA bodhaka hotA hai / isa taraha dravyAthika naya kI pradhAnatA se aura paryAyAthika maya kI gauNatA se pramANavAkya sakalAdezaka sakala gharmoM kI piNDarUpa banI huI eka hI vastu kA kathaka kahA gayA hai| aneka artha kA yugapat bodhaka nahIM kahA gayA hai / sakala dharmoM meM abheda vRtti paryAyAthika maya kI gauNatA evaM dravyASika naya kI pradhAnatA karane meM hI AtI hai / tathA-jisa samaya paryAyAthika naya kI gauNatA hotI hai, usa samaya sakala dharmoM meM bhinnatA hone para bhI abheda kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai / kyoMki kAla Adi kI apekSA unameM abheda vRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai| prazna--jaba pramANa vAkya eka sAtha aneka dharmoM ko jAnanepUrvaka unakA eka dharma ke sAtha-sAtha hI prakAzana kara detA hai to phira "syAdavaktavya" aisA jo caturtha bhaMga mAnA gayA hai vaha aba nahIM bana sakatA hai| uttara-yaha bAta to jaba avaktavya bhaMga kA prakaraNa likhA gayA hai vahIM para kaha dI gaI hai ki yugapat anekArtha ko prakAzita karane kI kisI bhI zabda me zakti nahIM hai parantu yahA~ para jo mAnyatA prakaTa kI gaI hai vaha bhI anantadharmAtmaka eka hI vastu ko pramANavAkya prakAzita karatA hai, yahI kahI gaI hai| eka hI dharma ke sAtha jo ananta dharmoM ko abheda kahA gayA hai vaha abhedavRtti aura abheda ke Aropa se hI kahA gayA hai / parantu phira bhI jaba pramANavAkya unakA prakAzana karegA taba to vaha unakA prakAzana kramazaH hI karegA, yugapat nahIM / ataH pramANavAkya meM bhI aimI zakti nahIM hai jo eka hI sAtha ananta dharmoM kA prakAzana kara ske| vaha to kevala anantadharmoM se viziSTa vastu ko jAnatA hai| prazna-to phira pramANa kA yaha lakSaNa susaMgata kaise ho sakatA hai ki vaha sakalAdezaka hai ? kyoMki samasta kA kathana karane vAlA hI sakalAdezaka hotA hai / uttara-lakSaNa kI susaMgati meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| kyoMki vaha eka hI astitvAdi dharma ke sAtha-sAtha usa vastugata ananta dharmoM kA abheda mAnakara yA unako usake sAtha abheda kA upacAra kara unake piNDarUpa huI usa eka vastu ko unase yukta huI jAnatA hai aura usI kA kathana karatA hai / sakala dharmoM kA eka sAtha kathana karane vAlA vAkya pramANavAkya hai aisA sakalAdezaka kA artha nahIM hai kintu sakala dharmoM se yukta usa vastu ko mAnakara-jAnakara usakA kathana karanA isameM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / yahI sakalAdezaka kA artha hai isa taraha vastugata aneka dharmoM kA vaha kathana nahIM karatA hai| baha kabhI astitvamuba se ananta dharmoM ko sameTa kara use prakAzita karatA hai to kabhI niSedhamukha se aneka dharmoM ko sameTakara usI vastu ko prakAzita karatA hai-ityAdi / prazna-to phira isa prakAra ke kathana se to vastu ke ananta dharmoM kI ananta hI pramANa bhaMgiyA~ baneMgI, pramANa saptabhaMgI kaise bana sakegI ? uttara-pramANa saptabhaMgI kyoM nahIM bana sakegI? isake niSpanna hone meM bAdhA hI kyA hai / kyoMki kabhI vaha vidhimukha se ananta dharmoM kA astitva ke sAtha kAlAdikoM ke dvArA abheda mAnakara usa ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA pradhAnatayA kathana karatA hai aura kabhI vaha niSedhamukha se anantadharmoM kA usake sAtha

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 26 abheda mAnakara pradhAna rUpa se usa ssu ko prakAzita karatA hai| isI prakAra kramazaH ina donoM dharmoM kI musyatA se zeSa ananta dharmoM ko sameTakara ina saba dhamoM kI eka piNDarUpa usa vastu ko prakAzita karatA hai| isI prakAra kA kathana zeSa bhaMgoM ke dvArA ananta dharmoM kA abhedAdi karake vaha unakI piNDa rUpa usa vastu ko prakAzita karatA hai, aisA jAna lenA cAhiye / isa taraha se ina sAta bhaMgoM ke usa pramANabhaMgI meM banane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / prazna-Apake isa kathana se to yaha pramANavAkya eka prakAra se bhAnumatI kA piTArA hI sAbita hotA hai / jisa prakAra bhAnumatI ke piTAre meM saba prakAra kI cIjeM saMgRhIta rahatI haiM isI prakAra se isa piTAre meM bhI astitva nAstitvAdi samasta dharma saMgRhIta hokara rahate haiM parantu usa bhAnumatI ke piTAre kI koI kImata nahIM hotI hai kyoMki vahA~ vyavasthita koI cIja nahIM rahatI hai / isI prakAra se ApakA yaha pramANa vAkya bhI anupAdeyatA kI zreNi meM rakhA jAne to koI anaucitya nahIM hai| uttara--yaha anaucitya kI zreNI meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai kyoMki yahA~ para pratyeka dharma apaneapane svabhAva se muvyavasthita hI rahate haiM, avyavasthita nahIM / ataH yaha vilakSaNa jAti kA hI jJAniyoM dvArA AviSkRta huA eka piTArA hai, abuddha bhAnumatI kA piTArA nahIM hai / isa taraha avaktavya bhaMga ke banane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| naya saptabhaMgI jaba abhedavRtti aura abheda kA upacAra nahIM Azrita hotA hai taba banatI hai / naya vikalAdezaka isI kAraNa se mAnA gayA hai ki vaha vastu kA usameM ke kisI eka dharma ko mukhya karake usI kA vidhi niSedha dvArA pratipAdana karatA hai / isa eka dharma ke vidhi-niSedha ke vicAra se sAta bhaMga ho jAte haiM / vikalAdeza meM dravyAthikanaya kI gauNatA aura paryAyAthikalaya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| sUtra-dravyaparyAyApitena kAlAdibhirabhedenAbhedopacAreNa ca sakalavastunaH pratipAdakatvaM sakalAdezatvam // 26 // saMskRta TIkA---uttAnArthamidaM sUtram sakalasyeti saparyAyasyeti yAvat / hindI badhAlayA-vizeSArtha--sakalAdeza kA kyA artha hai yahI bAta isa sUtra dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai / isa sambandha meM jo bhI spaSTIkaraNa honA cAhiye vaha saba 24veM sUtra meM kiyA jA cukA hai| anantadharma yahA~ sakala zabda se liye gaye haiM kyoMki guNa aura paryAyavAlA' jo hotA hai, vahI dravya hai-aisA dravya kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai / sahabhAvI guNa hote haiM aura kamabhAvI paryAyeM hotI haiM / guNa aura paryAya kA grahaNa paryAyAthika naya se hotA hai isaliye nayoM ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM-eka dravyAyikanaya aura dUsarA paryAyAyika naya / guNoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA svatantra guNArthikanaya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki guNoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA paryAyAthikanaya hI mAnA gayA hai / isa taraha dravya meM sahabhAvI guNa aura kramabhAvI paryAyeM rahatI haiN| 1. manvevaM dhAna bhAvanAzeSa dharmAtmakasya vastunaH prakAza pramANavAzyaM kathamupapadyata yeta sakalAdeza: pramANAdhIna: syAditicekAlAdibhirabhedenAbhedopacAreNa ca dravya paryAya tayApitena sakalasya vastunaH kathanAditi vUmaH / --'aSTa sahalI" pR0 138 / 2, guNa parvayavadravyam / --tasvArthaH adhyAya kA / nyA0 TI015

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114 / nyAyaratna : syayaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 27-28 dravyAthikanaya kA viSaya dravya aura paryAyAthikanaya kA viSaya paryAya haiM / ataH jaba kisI bhI vastu kA vicAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai usa vicAra meM ye do hI dRSTiyAM kAma detI haiM / dravyadRSTi se vastugata ananta guNAdi saba eka dravya rUpa hI haiM, ve usase bhinna nahIM haiM / ataH dravyadRSTi eka dravya ko hI viSaya karatI hai, guNaparyAyAdi ko nahIM / isI taraha paryAya dRSTi dravya ko viSaya nahIM karatI, vaha paryAya ko hI viSaya karatI hai| isa taraha dravyadRSTi dravya ko ananta guNAtmaka mAnakara jaba calatI hai to isase yahI niskarSa nikalatA hai ki dravya aura dravya kI paryAyoM meM Apasa meM isakI apekSA bheda nahIM hai kintu abheda hai| paryAya parivartanazIla hotI hai aura ve bhinna-bhinna hotI haiM isaliye amanta dharmoM meM paryAyoM meM abheda kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai ataH isa rUpa se jo vastu kA kathana hotA hai vahI sakalAdeza hai aura yaha pramANAdhIna hai / 26 / sUtra-- ekadharmamukhena bhedaM kRtvA vastupratipAdaka vAkyatvaM vikalAdezatvam // 27 // saMskRta TIkA-yadA pUrvokna kAlAdibhiH kRtvA nathaviSayIkRtasya bastu dharmasya bhedo vivakSyate tadA ekasya zabdasya yugapadanekArya pratipattijanane sAmarthyAbhAvena kramazo bastuganaikaka dharma pratipAdana parasya vikalAdezakatvaM jAyate / ekaka dharma pratipAdanadvArA tenaika ka dharma viziSTa vA pratipAdanAn / tathA caikadharmAtmaka vastu viSayaka vodhajanaka vAkyatvaM vikalAdezatvam / sUtrArtha * vastugata ananta dharmoM ko bhinna-bhina mAnakara kimI eka dharma kI pradhAnatA karake vasta kA pratipAdana karane vAlA vAkya vikalAdeza kahA gayA hai / hindI vyAkhyA-kAlAdikoM dvArA jisa prakAra se vastugata dharmoM meM abhedavRtti mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra unake dvArA bhedayatti bhI samarthita kI jAtI hai| ataH vastagata jitane bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| unameM se kisI eka dharma ko lekara usa vastu kA jo kathana kiyA jAtA hai vaha nayavAkya hai| jaise vastu astitva dharmavipiSTa hai---yaha nayavAkya hai, kyoMki isase vastu ke zeSa dharmoM ko gauNa karake eka astitva dharma dvArA hI umakA kathana kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra se nayavAkya nAstitvAdi dharmoM ko lekara kramazaH usa vastu ko usa dharmaviziSTa pratipAdana karatA hai| yaha pratipAdana karanA hI vikalAdeza hai aura yaha nayAdhIna hai / / 27 / / satra viSayAjanyamapi jJAnaM svAvaraNakSayopazamAdinA taM pradIpavatprakAzayati // 28 // saMskRta TIkA----bauddhAstAvanmanyante-"nA kAraNa viSayaH" iti teSAM mAnyatAnusAreNa jJAnaM viSayAjjAyamAnameva tadAkAratAM dhArayat taM viSayaM gRhNAtIti anyathA ghaTajJAnasya ghaTaeba viSayo na paTa iti pratiniyamaH kathaM siddhi sodhapathamAyAsyati / teSAmimAM mAnyatAM parihArArtha svamAnyasAM ca sthApa raH "viSayAjanyamapi" ityAdi sUtraM pAhanyathA pradIpaH svaprakAzya ghaTAdibhyojAto'pi svAvAraka kuDyAdyapagamena padArthAn prakAzayati tathaiva jJAnamapi viSayAjanyamapi viSayAnAkAramapi svAvaraNa kSayopazamAnusArameva ghaTapaTAdi padArthAna jAnAti / ajanyamiti padamupalakSaNaM tenAtadAkArasvasyApi grahaNAt // 26 // hindI vyAkhyA-jJAna apane jJa ya padArthoM se utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura na unake AkAra kA hI hotA hai phira bhI vaha unheM pradIpa kI taraha apane AvaraNa ke kSayopazamAdi ke anusAra hI prakAzita karatA hai| bauddhoM kA aisA mAnanA hai ki jJAna apane dvArA jJeya ghaTa-ghaTAdi padArthoM ko tabhI prakAzita kara sakatA hai

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 28-26 ki jaba vaha unase utpanna hotA haiM aura unake AkAra kA hotA hai / isa viSaya ko puSTa karane ke liye ve kahate haiM jo jJAna kA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai vaha usakA viSaya nahIM hotA hai| unakI isa mAnyatA ko haTAne ke liye aura apanI mAnyatA ko sthApita karane ke liye hI yaha sUtra sUtrakAra ne kahA hai| isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra dIpaka apane dvArA prakAzya ghaTa-paTAdi padArthoM se utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura na unake AkAra ko hI dhAraNa karatA hai phira bhI vaha unakA prakAzana karatA hai isI prakAra jJAna bhI apane dvArA jJeya ghaTa-paTAdikoM se utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura na unake AkAra ko hI dhAraNa karatA hai phira bhI vaha apanI yogyatA ke anusAra unakA prakAzana karatA hai / prazna-padi aisI hI bAta hai to phira yaha niyama to nahIM bana sakatA hai ki ghaTa jJAna kA ghaTa hI viSaya ho paTa nahIM, cAhe jo bhI viSaya usa jJAna kA ho sakatA hai / usara aisA kaise ho sakatA hai ? jJAna jisa padArtha ko jAnegA vahI padArtha usa jJAna kA viSaya hogA / phira ghaTa ke jAnane ke samaya vaha paTa ko jAnane vAlA kyoM nahIM hogA aimI AzaGkA hI kaise uTha sakatI hai ? prazna---aisI AzaGkA kyoM nahIM uTha sakatI hai-uTha sakatI hai aura isa prakAra se ki-jJAna jaba ghaTa se to utpanna huA nahIM hai aura ghaTa ko jAnatA hai to isI prakAra vaha paTa se bhI utpanna nahIM huA hai to paTa ko bhI jAnanA cAhiye / hamAre yahA~ to yaha niyama sadha jAtA hai| kyoMki vaha ghaTa se utpanna huA hai isaliye ghaTa ko hI jAnatA hai, paTa se utpanna nahIM huA hai isaliye paTa ko nahIM jAnatA hai| utsara-yadi aisA niyama hI aGgIkAra kiyA jAve to phira pUrva jAna kSaNa se uttarakAlika jJAna jo utpanna hotA hai usa uttarakAlIna zAna kSaNa ke dvArA pUrva jJAnakSaNa jAnA jAnA caahiye| parantu vaha usake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai aisA bauddha-siddhAnta nahIM mAnatA hai| kyoMki isa prakAra kI mAnyatA meM kSaNikavAda ke dhvasta hone kA prasaGga prApta hotA hai| isaliye jJAna ghaTa se-apane viSaya se--utpanna hotA hai isIliye use jAnatA hai aisA kathana nahIM banatA hai| prazna-to phira viSayAjanya ke abhAva meM yaha pratiniyama kaise banatA hai ki ghaTa jJAna kA ghaTa hI viSaya hai, paTa nhiiN| uttara-isa niyama ke banane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| viSayAjanya hone para bhI jJAna meM apane AvAraka karma ke kSayopazama Adi ke kAraNa itanI hI yogyatA hai ki vaha usa samaya ghaTa ko hI jAnatA hai.--paTa ko nhiiN| kyoMki usa samaya' meM usameM itanI yogyatA nahIM hai| isI saba carcA ko hRdayaGgama karake yahA~ sUtra meM "svAvaraNa kSayopazamAdinA" yaha pada rakhA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM aura bhI adhika vivecabha ho sakatA hai parantu prathamopayogI hone se itanA hI spaSTIkaraNa isa sUtra ke sambandha meM paryApta hai| ataH yahI mAnanA yuktiyukta hai ki jJAna viSaya se aMjalya evaM atadAkAra hokara bhI apane viSaya kA prakAzaka hotA hai| yaha bAta hama dIpaka meM dekhate haiM / dIpaka jina padArthoM kA prakAzaka hotA hai vaha na to unase utpanna hotA hai aura na unake AkAra ko hI dhAraNa karatA hai-phira bhI vaha unakA prakAzaka hotA hai / / 25 // sUtra--na te tadaGge nayoya'stasAmastyena vyabhicaritattvAt / / 26 //

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gyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 26 saMspAta TokA-te-tadutpatti tdaakaarte| tasya pratyakSa parokSAtmakasya jJAnasya aMge-viSaya vyavasthA prati kAraNe na bhavataH, vyabhicaritatvAt / samprati tadeva spaSTaM kurva-jJAnaM hi svAbaraNa kSayopakana yaspAtayA bolatamA dI. akhiniyatArtha svasthApayati, atastadvyavasthA prati nadutpatti tadAkArate kAraNabhUte na bhavataH, bauddhA hi manyante nIlAdi jJAnaM nIlAditaH utpannatvAd nIlAdyAkAratvAcca nIlAdereva prakAzakaM bhavati nAnyasya dhaTapaTAdeH, tadarthAdanutpannasya atadAkArasya ca jJAnasya sarvAn prati sAdhAraNatayAvizeSAt tasya nIlAdi pratiniyata bastu vyavasthApakatvaM na syAt-tasmAt jJAnarUpasya pramANasya pratiniyata vastu vyavasthApakatve tadutpatti tadAkArate eva niyAmike vyavasthApike vA bhavataH, natu tadAvaraNa kSayopazamAdi rUpa yogyateti teSAM mAnyatA na samIcInA tayoryastatva sAmastyena vyabhicaritvAt / tathAhi---pramANabhutasya jJAnasya vi vyastAbhyAmeva tadutpatti tadAkAratAbhyAM pratiniyata vastu vya Ahosvit samastAbhyAmeva tAbhyAm / na tAvat prathamaH pakSaH indriyAdibhivyabhicArAt tadutpatteH tadAkArasya ca samAnArtha: nApi dvitIyaH pakSaH samAnajAtIya jJAnasya samAnAntara jJAna prAhakatva prasaMgAt / tanna yogyatAyA Rte'nyad grahaNa kAraNa pazyAma iti ||suu0 26 / / hindI vyAkhyA-"yadyapi 27veM mUtra dvArA yaha bAta spaSTa kara dI gaI hai ki jJAna apane AvAraka karma ke kSayopazama Adi se janya yogyatA ke bala se hI jaya kA prakAzana karatA hai parantu phira bhI isI bAta ko aura bhI vizeSa rUpa se parisphuTa karane ke lie sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra kI racanA kI hai| ataH isa sambandha meM punarukti doSa kA yahI AhvAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| tathA---eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki gurujana mandabuddhi vAle ziSyajanoM ko jaise bhI bodha ho usa rUpa se unheM samajhAne kA prayAsa karate haiM. isIlie isa sUtra dvArA 27ve sUtra meM kathita viSaya ko vizeSa rUpa se samajhA rahe haiN| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki bauddhoM ne jo tadutpatti-tadAkAratA ko lekara jJAna apane viSaya kA niyAmaka hotA hai aisA mAnA hai usa para aisA kahA gayA hai ki ve tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA donoM hI tadaMga pratyakSa rUpa jJAna ke apane jJeya ko jAnane ke prati vyavasthApaka nahIM hai kyoMki ina donoM ke jJAna ke sAtha svatantra rUpa se athavA sAtha-sAtha rahane para bhI yogyatA ko mAne binA vyabhicAra doSa dekhA jAtA hai| jaba bauddhoM kI ora se aisA kahA gayA hai ki nIlAdi ko viSaya karane vAlA nIlajJAna nIlarUpa padArtha se utpanna hotA huA aura usake AkAra kA hotA huA hI usa nIla padArtha ko viSaya karatA hai ghaTapaTAdi ko nahIM kyoMki vaha usase utpanna nahIM huA hai aura na usake AkAra kA hI huA hai| isalie nIla jJAna nIle padArtha ko hI jAnatA hai| nIle padArtha ko jAnate samaya vaha aura dUsare ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai / isa prakAra se hamAre yahA~ apane-apane viSaya ko jJAna meM pratiniyata karane kI vyavasthA bana jAtI hai / para jo aisA nahIM mAnate haiM unake yahA~ artha se anutpanna aura usake AkAra ke nahIM hae jJAna meM isa prakAra kI viSaya vyavasthA nahIM banatI hai| ataH eka padArtha ko jAnate samaya unakA jJAna aura bhI aneka padArthoM ko jAnane ke prasaMga vAlA kyoM nahIM hogA? avazya hI hogA ataH isa apratyAzita prasaMga prApti ko haTAne ke lie tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA ko hI niyAmaka aura vyavasthApaka mAnanA cAhie, tadAvaraNa kSayopazamarUpa yogyatA ko nhiiN| isa prakAra kA bauddhoM kI ora se tadAvaraNa 1. arthena ghaTayatyenA nahi bhuktvArtha rUpatAm / tasmAtprameyAdhigateH pramANa meyalpatA // 1 //

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spAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 30 | 117 kSayopazamarUpa yogyatA para prahAra kiyA to siddhAntavAdI kI ora se yaha kahA gayA hai ki tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA ko lekara bhI jJAna apane jJa eya padArtha kA binA tadAvaraNa kSayopazamarUpa yogyatA ke na niyAmaka hotA hai aura na vyavasthApaka hotA hai / dekho-jJAna jisa prakAra padArtha se utpanna hotA hai usI prakAra vaha indriyoM se bhI utpanna hotA hai ataH tadutpatti ke bala se use indriyoM ko jAnane vAlA honA caahie| aura yadi vaha indriyoM ko jAnatA hai to phira A~kha meM lage hue ajana ko bhI use jAna lenA cAhie / isa taraha A~kha meM aJjana lagAkara jo darpaNa uThAkara loga use dekhate haiM so yaha kyoM ? ataH tadutpatti sambandha ke rahane para bhI vaha jJAna meM viSaya kA vyavasthApaka nahIM hotA hai yahI bAta isase pramANita hotI hai / aura yadi tadAkAratA viSaya vyavasthApikA jJAna meM hotI to phira eka ghaTa kA jJAna apane AkAra ke samasta ghaToM kA jJAtA ho jAnA cAhie, parantu nahIM hotA hai / ataH isase bhI yahI caritArtha hotA hai ki tadAkAratA bhI viSaya vyavasthA karAne meM akiJcitkara hai| aura yadi aisA mAnA jAya ki tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA ye donoM jisa jJAna meM hotI haiM vahIM para ye viSaya vyavasthApaka hotI haiM to phira jo jJAna prathama jJAna se utpanna hotA hai aura usake AkAra kA hotA hai vaha jJAna apane utpAdaka jJAna ko jAnane vAlA bauddhoM ne kyoM nahIM mAnA hai ? isa taraha se alaga-alaga bhI aura samasta bhI tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA ye donoM vyabhicarita prakaTa kI gaI haiN| ataeva yahI mAnanA yuktiyukta hai ki pratyeka jJAna pratiniyata padArthoM ko apane AvaraNa rUpa karma ke kSayopazama rUpa sAmarthya se hI jAnatA hai| ataH padArthoM ko pratiniyata rUpa meM jAnane vAle jJAna meM yahI kAraNa hai aisA hI mAnanA caahie| anya aura koI kAraNa nahIM mAnanA cAhie / prazna -- padArthoM ke jAnane meM kAraNa to AlokAvi bhI hote haiM phira aisA Apa kisa kAraNa se kahate haiM ki aura koI kAraNa nahIM mAnanA cAhie ? uttara-- AlokAdi padArtha kI taraha hI jJAna meM kAraNa nahIM hote haiM-kyoMki ve paricchedya hai / jo pariccheya hotA hai vaha andhakAra kI taraha usakA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai / sU0 26 // sUtra - pramANa viSayI bhUto'rthaH sAmAnya vizeSAdyanekAntAtmakaH / / sU0 30|| saMskRta TIkA-jJAnasya pratiniyata vastu vyavasthApakatvaM svAvaraNa kSayopazamarUpa yogyatayA pratipAdya samprati pramANasya viSayIbhUtArthaM svarUpaM sUtrakAraH prakAzayati-- pramANa viSayobhUto'rtha ityAdinA -- tathA ca pramANabhUta jJAnena paricchidyamAno gavAdi padArtha: sAmAnyavizeSarUpAnekAntAtmako bhavati "ayaM gauH artha gauH" ityAkArakAnugata buddhi niyAmakatvaM sAmAnyam / ayaM gaurasmAd gobhinna ityAkAra vyAvRtti buddhi niyAmakatvaM vizeSaH / tatra gaurityukte zukla kRSNAdi goSu viSayeSu pravarttamAnaM pratyakSaM tadgataM sAmAnyakAraM gotvaM vyAvRttAkAraM ca vyaktirUpaM yugapadeva prakAzayadupalabdham / evamapi parokSam / na ca vAcyaM sAmAnya mAtra viSayaM parokSa pramANamiti pratyakSasyaiva tasyApi sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu viSayatvAt sAmAnyaM vihAya kevalaM vizeSo vizeSaM vA vihAya kevalaM sAmAnyaM na kutrApi upalabhyate / ekAntatastayoH pArthakyAsaMbhavAt / tathA coktam - "nirvizeSaM hi sAmAnyaM bhavat khara vipANavat sAmAnya rahitatvena vizeSAstadvadeva hi ||suu0 30 | 1. "svato'nuvRtti vyativRttibhAjI bhAvA na bhAvAntaraneyarUpAH / parAtmatatvAdatathAtmatatvAd dvayaM vadanto'kuzalAH svalanti // " -- (syAdvAda maMjaryAm)

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gyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 31 sUtrArya-pramANabhUta jJAna kA viSaya sAmAnya evaM vizeSa Adi dharmoM vAlA padArtha hotA hai / 301 hindI dhyAsyA-kitaneka vAdI aise haiM jo jJAna kA viSaya kevala sAmAnya hI mAnate haiM, aura kitaneka kevala vizeSa hI mAnate haiM tathA kitaneka aise bhI haiM jo paraspara nirapekSa sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko hI jJAna kA viSaya mAnate haiM, inakA aisA kahanA hai ki "padArthoM meM-ghaTa-paTAdikoM meM jo anuvatti pratyaya hotA hai vaha sAmAnya ke sAtha usa padArtha kA sambandha hai isalie hotA hai aura jo vyAvRtti pratyaya hotA hai vaha usa padArtha ke sAtha sambandhita vizeSa ke kAraNa hotA hai| koI bhI padArtha svayaM na sAmAnyAtmaka aura vazeSAtmaka hai| sAmAnya aura vizeSa svayaM padArtha mAne gaye haiN| vaizeSikoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai| jaina jAnikoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki padArtha svayaM hI sAmAnya vizeSa guNavAlA hai / ataH unake yahA~ se aura bizeSa ye padArtharUpa nahIM mAne gaye hai kintu padArtha ke dharmarUpa-guNarUpa-mAne gaye haiM / ' dharmI se dharma bhinna nahIM hotA hai aisA anekAnta kA siddhAnta hai| isI siddhAnta ke anusAra pramANabhUta jJAna kA viSaya sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka padArtha kahA gayA hai| padArtha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai / isameM yaha hetu prakaTa kiyA gAya hai ki jaba hama gAya ko dekhate haiM to usa gAya ko lekara hI anya dekhI jAne vAlI gAyoM meM bhI yaha gayA hai aisI pratIti hotI hai| aura yaha bhI pratIti hotI hai ki gAya se mahiSa bhinna hai ! athavA yaha gAya usa kAlI gAya se bhinna hai / isa taraha se hameM jI yaha anugA tathA kAra dvArA pAmayatA rUpa pratIti evaM bhinnatA kI pratIti huI hai vaha usa gotva sAmAnya viziSTa eva vizeSa dharma viziSTa gAya se hI huI hai| gAya se bhinna rahe hae sAmAnya-vizeSa dvArA nahIM huI hai| vaizeSikoM ne sAmAnya aura vizeSa varma apane vyaniyoM se sarvathA jude mAne haiM aura paraspara nirapekSa mAne haiM taba ki jaina dArzanikoM ne inheM vastu ke svarUpabhUta aura usase kaJcit bhinna aura kathaJcit abhinna mAnA hai / pratyakSajJAna se jaisI inakI pratIti ye donoM vastu ke svabhAvabhUta haiM aisI hotI hai-pratyakSa se ye jAne jAte haiM-usI prakAra se parokSa pramANabhUta jJAna bhI inheM jAnatA hai / isaliye aisI jo kisI kI mAnyatA hai ki parokSapramANa kevala sAmAnya ko hI jAnatA hai aura vizeSa ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai so yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki sAmAnya ko chor3akara vizeSa aura vizeSa ko chor3akara sAmAnya svatantra nahIM rahatA hai / ye donoM sAtha-sAtha hI eka jagaha rahate haiN| ataH ekAntataH inameM pArthakya nahIM hai / anyatra bhI aisA hI kahA gayA hai-vizeSavihIna sAmAnya gadhe ke sIMga kI taraha asat hai aura sAmAnyavihIna vizeSa bhI isI taraha hai-arthAt gadhe nI mIMga ke jaisA asata hai / ataH yahI mAnyatA racita hai ki pramANa kA jo viSaya hotA hai vaha sAmAnya vizeSAtma hotA hai| kevala sAmAnyAtmaka aura kevala vizeSAtmaka padArtha pramANa kA viSaya nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki aisA padArtha gadhe kI sIMga kI taraha saMsAra meM hai hI nahIM, jo pramANa kA viSaya ho sake / / 30 // sUtra-anuvRtta vyAvRtta pratItiviSayatvAt pUrvottarAkArahAnopAdAnAvasthAnalakSaNapariNatyArtha kriyAkAritvAJca // 31 // saMskRta TIkA-pavAdi vastunaH sAmAnya vizeSAtmakatvaM sAmAnyatayA prasAdhya adhunA sopapattikaM -takaMgraha 1. dravyaguNa karma mAmAnya vizeSa samavAyAbhASAH saptapadArthAH / 2. na dharma dhamitvamatIvabhede tyAsti cenna vitayaM cakAsti / idevamityasti matizca vRttIna gauNabhedo'pi ca lokabAdha / / -sthAdAda maMjaryAm /

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myAyarala : nyAma ralAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 31 |116 hetudvayena tatra sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatvam anuvRtta byAvRtta tyAdirUpeNa sUtrakAraH sAdhayati / kRSNadhavalazavalAdivoMpela govyaktiSa parasparaM kRSNatvadhavalatvazabalasvAdinA bhinnatve'pi "ayamapigaurayamapigauH" ityevaM rUpa samAnAkArAnuvRtti buddhi viSayatvena gotvAdi sAmAnyasyaH aSaM zabalo gauH nanu zyAmaH nApi zuklA ityevaM rUpa paraspara vyAvRtti buddhi viSayatvena zabalatvAdi guNa rUpa vizeSasya ca siddha yA gavAdi vastunaH sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatvaM sidhyati, mirmiNorekAntato bhinnatvAbhAvena kaJcidabhinnatvAt / tavAyaM gaurayaMgaurityAkArA sadRzapariNati rUpa gosvAdi sAmAnya viSayiNI pratItiranuvRttAkArA pratItigvagannanyA, zyAmo'yaM zavalo'ya gaurityAdi svarUpA zyAmatva zabalatvAdi guNa rUpa vizeSa viSayiNI pratItiH vyAvattAkArA pratItirabagantavyA / evaM rItyA'nuvRtta vyAvRtta pratIti viSayatvAn pramANa viSayabhUto'rthaH sAmAnya vizeSAtmako bhavati / evamapi padArthaH paryAyarUpa tayotpanno vinaSTo bhavanapi dravyarUpatayA dhruvamhapo'pi bhavati-yathA suvarNapiNDaH pUrvapiNDAkAraM parityajya kaTaka kaNDalAdimapaM paryAyaM dhArayannapi pUrvapiNDAkAra kuNDalAdi rUpotaraparyAyeSu ca savarNalvarUpa dhovyAtmanA sthiro bhavati / evaM rUpayA pariNatyArthakriyAkAritvaM suvarNadravyeSu AyAni / etena bakSyamANatiryagutA sAmAnyAtmakatvaM viNavAtmakatvaM ca vastunyabhihitaM jJAtavyam / / 3 / / hindI thyAkhyA--pramANa kA viSayabhUta padArtha mAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai isI bAta ko hetupUrvaka samarthita karane ke lie sutrakAra ne isa sUtra kA nirmANa kiyA hai / isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka padArtha meM anuvRti pratyaya viSayatA aura vyAvRtti pratyayaviSayatA hai isaliye padArtha sAmAnya vizeSa dharmAtmaka hai / isakA tAtparya aisA hai ki jaise--kRSNa, dharala, zabalAdi varNopeta govyaktiyoM meM paraspara meM kRSNatva, dhavalatvAdi vargoM kI apekSA bhinnatA hone para bhI jo una saba meM yaha bhI gAya hai yaha bhI gAya hai isa prakAra kI sadRzatA kI buddhi hotI hai evaM eka zabda vAcyatA AtI hai-yaha sAmAnyarUpa dharma ko Azrita karake hI AtI hai / tathA yaha gAya zavala hai, kAlI nahIM hai, mapheda bhI nahIM hai isa prakAra kI jo unameM eka dUsare se bhinnatA kI buddhi hotI hai vaha vizeSa dharma ko lekara hI hotI hai / isa taraha gAya Adi pratyeka padArtha sAmAnya vizeSa dharmAtmaka hai yaha kathana siddha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki dharma aura dharmI meM kathaMcit 'abhinnatA bhI svIkAra kI gaI hai / ataH yahI mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai ki gAya Adi padArthoM meM jo sahana AkAratA kI pratIti hai vaha sAmAnya dharma ko evaM gAya zyAma hai, dhabala nahIM hai isa prakAra kI Apasa meM jo bhinnatA kI buddhi hai vaha vizeSa dharma ko viSaya karatI hai| isase pramANa kA viSayabhUta padArtha samAnya vizeSa rUpa hai, tathA dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai pratyeka padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura prauvya ina se bihIna nahIM hai / mRttika se jaba ghaTa banatA hai taba mattikA ke pUrva AkAra kA vinAza hotA hai| pUrva AkAra ke binAza meM aura uttarAkAra rUpa ghaTa kI utpatti meM mattikA kA sthAyitva mAnA jAtA hai| yahI bAta sanastha hAna, upAdAna aura avasthAna zabdoM dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai| ghaTarUpa pariNamana aura pUrvAkAra mpa pariNamana ye Apasa meM bhinna-bhinna hai yaha bhinnatA hI muttikA dranga meM vizeSadharma ke sadbhAva prakaTa karane meM pramANabhuta yukti hai tathA pUrva avasthA meM aura uttara avasthA meM mRttikA kA sthAyitva rahanA yaha sAmAnya dharma ke usameM rahane meM pramANabhUta yukti hai / isa taraha sAmAnya vizeSa dharmAtmaka padArtha hI arthakriyAkArI mAnA gayA hai / ghaTa ke dvArA jala lAnA, usameM jala bharakara rakhanA, muttikA se ghaTAdi kA nirmANa honA Adi jitane bhI laukika vyavahAra calAne ke kArya haiM ye saba usa-usa padArtha kI arthakriyAeM haiN| pUrvokna rUpa me padArtha vyavasthA na mAnane para padArtha meM arthakriyA karane kI vihInatA kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai /

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120 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 32-33 yahI bAta "evamapi padArthaH paryAyarUpa tayotpanno vinaSTo bhavannapi" ityAdi pATha dvArA suvarNa ddhya ke dRSTAnta ko lekara samajhAI gaI hai| paryAyoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA paryAyAthika naya hai aura dravya ko viSaya karane vAlA dravyAthikanaya hai / vizeSa dharma ko paryAya meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai aura sAmAnya dharma ko tiryag sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA sAmAnya meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / ataH sAmAnya dharma ko viSaya karane vAlA dravyAthikanaya hai| eka kAla meM aneka vyaktiyoM meM pAyI jAne vAlI samAnatA kA nAma tiryak sAmAnya aura bhinna-bhinna kAla meM eka hI vyakti meM pAyI jAne vAlI samAnatA kA nAma UrzvanA sAmAnya hai / padArthoM meM paryAya kI hI apekSA utpAdavyayarUpa dharma hote haiM aura dravya kI apekSA utpAda vyaya rUpa dharma nahIM hote haiM / kintu avasthAnarUpa dhruva-dharma hI rahatA hai| isa prakAra se vicAra karane para pratyeka padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhruva dharmoM se yukta hotA huA apane Apa meM sAmAnya vizeSa dharmoM ko AtmasAt kiye hue hai / tabhI vaha pramANa kA viSaya banatA hai| anyathA usameM amatsamatA Ane se vaha pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa meM se kisI bhI pramANa kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatA hai / / 31 // sUtra--sAmAnya dvividhaM niyaMgUrvatAsAmAnya bhedAt / / 3 / / saMskRta TIka:- uttAnArthamidaM sUtram / tatra mRttikA suvarNatvAdirUpaM sAmAnyamUvatA sAmAnya gotvAdi rUpaM ca sAmAnya tiryak sAmAnyam // 3 // sUtrArtha-sAmAnya do prakAra kA hai-eka tiryaka sAmAnya aura dUsarA UrdhvatA sAmAnya / hindI vyAkhyA-isa sUtra kA artha spaSTa hai| jo aneka apanI-apanI pUrva aura uttara paryAyoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se rahatA hai yaha UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai, jaise-mRttikaa| mRttikA kapAla, koza, kuzUla, ghaTa Adi rUpa apanI pUrvakAlIna aura uttarakAlIna samasta paryAyoM meM eka rasa hokara rahatI hai, isI prakAra suvarNa bhI kaTaka, kRNDala. keyura, hAra Adi rUpa apanI purvakAlIna aura uttarakAlIna samasta paryAyoM meM vyApta hokara rahatA hai| ataH mRttikA dravya aura suvarNa dravya Adi UrdhvatA sAmAnya rUpa kahe gaye haiN| tathA apane-apane vyaktiyoM meM jo mamAna rUpa pariNAma vAlA hotA hai vaha tiryak sAmAnya hai| jaise skhaNDI, muNDI gAya AdikoM meM yugapat rahane vAlA gotva dharma Adi ||suu0 3 / / sUtra-sadRza pariNAma rUpaM tiryak sAmAnyam / / 33 / / saMskRta TIkA-zukla zyAma zabalAdi go vyaktiSu ayaM gaurayaM gaurityevaM sAsnA lAgaMla kakuda khura viSANAditvena sadRza pariNAmazIlatvAt gotvaM tiryak sAmAnyamityucyate / evameva nIla raktAdi ghaTAdInAM paraspara bhinnatve'pi "ayaM ghaTaH ayaM ghaTaH" ityevam anugata pratIti niyAmaka tathA nIla raktAdi prati ghaTa vyakti sadRza pariNAmitayA ghaTatvaM rUpaM tiryak sAmAnya mantavyam / anyatrApi manuSyatva pazusvAdAbapi evameva jJAtavyam / / 33 / / hindI vyAkhyA-31veM sUtra meM jo sAmAnya ke do bheda pradarzita kiye gaye haiM, unameM se tiryak sAmAnya kA lakSaNa nirdeza isa sUtra dvArA kiyA gayA hai| jo sAmAnya-samAna dharma apane pratyeka vyaktiyoM meM rahatA hai vahI tiryak sAmAnya hai / yaha tiryaka sAmAnya eka hI kAla meM apane aneka vyaktiyoM meM rahatA hai / jaise gotva yaha tiryak sAmAnya apane gAyamAtra vyaktiyoM meM rahatA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki gotva kevala khaMDI muNDI gAyoM meM hI rahe anya lUlI-laMgar3I gAyoM meM nahIM rhe| yadyapi khaMDI muMDI Adi gAyoM meM paraspara bhinnatA hai / parantu jAti ko apekSA unameM bhinnatA nahIM hai / ataH gotva jAti kI apekSA unameM jo

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyApa, sUtra 34-35 121 samAnatA hai vahI tiryak sAmAna hai / gola mAhitI po : snA-gala kaMbala, lAMgUla cha, kakuda-kAMdhora, khura, viSANa----zRMga Adi ko lekara hI AtI hai| jitanI bhI gAyeM hoMgI, una saba meM ye saba hI sAsnA Adi dharma-cihna pAye jAyeMge | inake binA go vyakti ho hI nahIM sktii| ataH gotva inhIM cihnoM rUpa hotA hai| jahA~ draSTA ina cihnoM ko dekhatA hai vahA~ vaha yaha gAya hai aisA jAna letA hai| prazna-abhI Apane kahA hai ki jAti kI apekSA jahA~ samAnatA rahatI hai, vaha tiryaka sAmAnya hai / so jAti kI apekSA to samAnatA kanaka, kuMDala, keyUra, hAra AdikoM meM bhI rahatI hai / phira sAmAnya ke tiryaka sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA sAmAnya aise do bheda kaise bana sakate haiM ? tiryaka sAmAnya hI eka bheda yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai / uttara-sAmAnya ke ye do bheda yuktiyukta haiM / AkSepArha nahIM haiN| jahA~ para apane-apane bhinnabhinna vyaktiyoM meM jisake dvArA yugapata-eka hI kAla meM samAnatA kI pratIti hotI hai vahA~ baha pratIti tiryak sAmAnya bala se hotI hai / isa taraha bhinna-bhinna aneka apane Azrayabhuta vyaktiyoM meM samAnatA kI pratIti kA janaka jo hotA hai vahI tiryak sAmAnya hai| miryak sAmAnya apane AzrayabhUta vyaktiyoM meM kevala samAnatA ke cihnoM para hI AkRSTa rahatA hai / janya janaka Adi sambandhoM para nahIM 1 taba ki UrdhvatA sAmAnya aisA nahIM hai| vaha apane sAtha jinakA kArya kAraNa sambandha hai usa sambandha ko lekara unameM samAnatA kI pratIti kA janaka hotA hai| suvarNa se jitane bhI AbhUSaNa Adi bane hue haiM, yadi suvarNatva jAti kI apekSA unakA vicAra kiyA jAye to be saba suvarNa rUpa hI hai| isa taraha apanI Age pIche kI saba paryAyoM meM anugata pratIti kA janaka jo sAmAnya hotA hai vaha UrcatA sAmAnya hai / isa taraha jo jAti apane AthayabhUta vyaktiyoM meM samAnatA ke vyavahAra kI zikSA detI hai vaha to tiryak sAmAnya aura jo apanI-apanI AzrayabhUta pUrvakAlIna evaM uttarakAlIna paryAyoM meM samAnatA kI zikSA detA hai vaha hai UvatA sAmAnya / isa prakAra se ina donoM sAmAnyoM ke lakSaNoM meM bheda haiM / ataH sAmAnya ke do bheda mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai / paraspara bhinna-bhinna nIla rakta Adi ghaToM meM ghaTatva, bhinna manuSya Adi vyaktiyoM meM manuSyatva ye saba tiryaka sAmAnya hI haiN| kyoMki ye sava anugata pratIti aura eka zabda vAcyatA ke niyAmaka unameM hote hai / / 33 / / sUtra-pUrvApara vivartavyApyUcaMtA sAmAnyam / / 34 / / saMskRta TIkA--- uttAnArthamidaM sUtram / hindI vyAkhyA-isa sUtra kA artha spaSTa hai / vivartta zabda kA artha paryAya hai / Age pIche kI apanI paryAyoM meM rahane vAlA jo dravya hai vaha UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai / jaise mRttikA dravya / sthAsa, koza, kuzUla, ghaTa Adi jitanI bhI mRttikA kI paryAyeM haiM unameM sabameM mRttikA dradhya kA anvaya rahatA hai ataH vaha UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai| ___ sUtra-guNa paryAya bhedAdvizeSo'pi dvividhaH / / 35 / / saMskRta TIkA-sAmAnyasvarUpaM nirUpya vizeSasvarUpaM nirUpayitumAha-guNa-paryAya bhedAditi / vyAvRtti pratIti janako vizeSaH sa ca guNa paryAya bhedAda dvividhaH tatra gotva ghaTatvAdi lakSaNa tiryak sAmAnya viziSTeSu goghaTASu zuklatva zyAmatva zabalatva nIlatva raktatvAdayo guNAguNa vizeSa pada vAcyAH evamevolatA sAmAnya svarUpeSu suvarNamRttikAdi dravyeSu kaTakakuNDalAdayaH zarAvodaJcanAdayazna paryAyAH paryAya vizeSa padavAcyAH jnyaatshyaaH|

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122 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 36 hindI vyAkhyA-guNa aura paryAya ke bheda se vizeSa bhI do prakAra kA hai| sAmAnya kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karake vizeSa kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karane ke liye sUtrakAra ne isa sutra kI racanA kI hai / yaha isase bhita hai, yaha isase bhinna hai isa prakAra kI paraspara meM bhinnatA kI buddhi kA janaka vizeSa hotA hai| yaha vizeSa guNa aura paryAya ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| inameM gotva ghaTatva Adi sAmAnya dharmavAle gau ghaTa Adi padAthoM meM zuklatA, nIlatA, raktatA Adi jo guNa haiM ve gaNa vizeSa haiN| isI prakAra UdhvaMtA sAmAnya rUpa jo suvarNa-mRttikA Adi dravya haiM unase jo kaTaka, aNDala Adi paryAya banatI haiM, zarAva, udazcana Adi paryAya banatI haiM ye saba paryAya padavAcya haiM / yaha to vizeSa kA lakSaNa prakaTa hI kara diyA hai ki vizeSa vyAvRtti buddhi kA janaka hotA hai so zyAma vizeSa zukla vizeSa se bhinna hai, zukla vizeSa nIlavizeSa se bhinna hai ityAdi rUpa se guNavizeSa aura mRttikA Adi dravyoM kI zarAva, udabcana Adi paryAya eka paryAya dUsarI paryAya se bhinna hai isa prakAra se vyAvRtti buddhi kI janaka hotI hai / ataH vizeSa lakSaNa se samanvita hone ke kAraNa guNoM ko aura paryAyoM ko vizeSa mAnA gayA hai / / 3 / / sUtra-abhinnakAlabattinaH sukha-jJAnAdayo gunnaaH|| bhinna kAlavattinazca sukha-duHkhAdayaH paryAyAH // 36 / / saMskRta TokA-guNa paryAya bhedena vigyasya dvaM vidhyamuktam-- tatrAtmAdiSu vastupu sukha jJAnAdayo ye visadRza pariNAmA bhavanti te abhinnakAla vattistrena-sahabhAvitvena - YNa padena vyapadizyante / AtmAdi vastuSu yasmin kAle sukhaM vartate tasminneva kAle tatrAvirodhena jJAnAdikamapi vartate / yathAmrAdiSu rUparasAdikaM yugapadAvirodhena bartate tathaiva sukhajJAnAdi guNAnAmapi vRttirekA virodha vinA samupalabhyata evaM sahabhAvino guNA itivacanAt / yeSAmekatra vRttau kAla bhedAbhAvo bhavati na enAbhinnakAla vattino bhavanti / paryAyAH sukhaduHkhAdayaH kozakuzUlAdayazca bhinna kAla battino bhavanti / ekasmin dravye kramaza evaM teSAmupalambhAt kramattinaH paryAyA itivacanAt yasmin kAle AtmAdi vastuSu sukhaM vartate tasmin kAle duHkhaM na vartate // 36 // artha ---jo dravya meM eka hI kAla meM eka sAtha rahate haiM aise sukhajJAnAdika guNarUpa vizeSa haiM aura jo dravya meM eka hI kAla meM eka sAtha nahIM rahate haiM aise sukha-duHkha Adi pariNAma paryAya rUpa vizeSa haiM / / 36 / / hindI vyAkhyA-vastu sAmAnya vizeSa dhamatmika hai yaha prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai| isameM sAmAnya dharma kA pratipAdana karake aba vizeSa dharma kA pratipAdana karane ke liye usake pratipAdita guNa aura paryAya kA kyA svarUpa hai yaha samajhAyA jA rahA hai / AtmA Adi vastuoM meM visadRza pariNAma rUpa sukhajJAna Adi pAye jAte haiM, ve guNa bizeSa haiN| kyoMki inakA vahA~ rahanA eka hI kAla meM eka sAtha hotA hai / aisA nahIM hai ki--jisa kAla meM AtmA meM sukha rahatA hai usake sAtha usa kAla meM jJAna nahIM rahatA ho| darzana nahIM rahatA ho / vIrya Adi aura bhI guNa nahIM rahate hoN| ina guNoM ko eka sAtha eka AtmA meM rahane meM kisI bhI prakAra ke virodha kA sAmanA nahIM karanA par3atA hai / Ama meM jisa prakAra se eka sAtha eka hI kAla meM rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi guNa pAye jAte haiM usI prakAra se AtmAdi dravyoM meM bhI sukha jJAna Adi guNoM kA sadbhAva avirodha rUpa se mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki ye bhI avirodha rUpa se vahA~ apanA astitva rakhate haiN| prazna-yadi eka dravya meM eka sAtha ye guNa rahate haiM eka hI kAla meM to phira inameM paraspara meM ekamekatA kyoM nahIM ho jAtI hai ?

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 36 123 uttara - eka dravya meM ye eka sAtha eka kAla meM rahate haiM isaliye inameM paraspara meM ekamekatA ho jAne aisI bAta nahIM hai / dekho, lokAkAza meM tila meM tela kI taraha dharmAdika dravya vyApta hokara raha rahe haiM jisa sthAna para dharmadravya hai usI sthAna para adharmAdidravya bhI haiN| isa taraha eka hI kSetra meM dharmAdi dravyoM kA vAsa hone para bhI unameM paraspara meM ekamekatA nahIM AtI hai / kyoMki pratyeka dravya apane-apane svarUpa kI apekSA alaga-alaga hai / prazna - yaha samAdhAna to Apane dravyoM ko lakSya kara diyA hai| hamArA to aisA prazna hI nahIM hai| hama to guNoM ke sambandha meM aisA pucha rahe haiM ki jaba ye eka hI dravya meM eka sAtha rahate haiM to phira inameM ekamekatA kyoM nahIM AtI hai ? uttara - Apake prazna kA vicAra anekAnta siddhAnta kI mAnyatAnusAra karane para AtmA ke sukhajJAnAdika yuga kisI dRSTi se eka bhI ho sakate haiM kyoMki inakA AzrayabhUta jo AtmA hai usase ye kisI apekSA abhinna haiM / ina jJAna- sukhAdikoM kA jo piNDa hai yahI to AtmA hai / guNa aura guNI kA tAdAtmya sambandha mAnA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM guNa guNIrUpa aura guNI guNarUpa kahA gayA hai| isa taraha jaisA guNa guNI kA Apasa meM abheda mAna liyA jAtA hai usI prakAra se guNoM kA bhI Apasa meM abheda mAna liyA gayA hai| yadi aisI bAta na mAnI jAve to pramANa saptabhaGgI hI nahIM bana sakatI hai| isI viSaya ko sUcita karane ke lie TIkAkAra ne 'avirodhena' aisA pada TIkA meM rakhA haiM / dravya meM jo krama-krama se utpanna hote haiM arthAt eka sAtha jo aneka rUpa meM dravya meM nahIM rahate haiM ve paryAya vizeSa haiN| sukha ke sadbhAva meM duHkha kabhI nahIM raha sakatA hai aura duHkha ke sadbhAva meM sukha nahIM raha sakatA hai / mRttikA dravya kI sthAsa, koSa, kuzUla Adi jitanI bhI Rmika paryAyeM haiM ve saba paryAya vizeSa haiN| kyoMki ye paryAya vizeSa eka dravya meM eka samaya meM eka hI hote haiM aneka nahIM / prazna -- Apane guNa vizeSa ke dRSTAnta meM sukha ko grahaNa kiyA hai aura paryAya vizeSa ke dRSTAnta meM bhI sukha ko grahaNa kiyA hai to isase kyA samajhA jAve ? mukha guNa vizeSa hai yA paryAya vizeSa hai ? uttara - sukha aura jJAnAdika AtmA meM eka sAtha jaise rahate haiM vaise hI jo eka sAtha binA kisI virodha ke dravya meM rahate haiM ve guNa haiM aura sukha aura duHkha jisa prakAra eka sAtha eka dravya meM nahIM rahate haiM isa prakAra se jo rahate haiM ve saba paryAya vizeSa haiN| isa bAta ko samajhAne ke liye donoM jagaha sukha ko grahaNa kiyA hai / sukha sAmAnya AtmA kA guNa hai, paryAya nahIM / prazna- paryAya to parAdhIna hotI hai kyoMki nimitta milane para hI dravya meM paryAya kA utpAda hotA kahA gayA hai| to guNa vizeSa rUpa jo sukhAdi haiM ve bhI kyA isI prakAra ke haiM ? yadi haiM to unheM bhI paryAya vizeSa meM hI rakhanA cAhiye, guNa vizeSa meM nahIM / uttara - indriyajanya jo sukha vizeSa hai vaha guNa vizeSa meM gRhIta nahIM huA hai| kyoMki 'dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH' aisA anantajJAniyoM kA kathana hai- jo nitya hI dravya ke sAtha rahate haiM ve hI sahabhAvI guNa haiN| aise sahabhAvI guNa AtmA ke sAmAnyajJAna, sAmAnyadarzana aura sAmAnya sukhAdi haiM, inase rahita AtmA trikAla meM bhI nahIM hotA hai aura trikAla meM inakA vinAza bhI nahIM hotA hai isIliye inheM guNa kahA gayA hai / paryAya isase viparIta svabhAva vAlI hotI hai / vaha utpanna hotI rahatI hai aura naSTa hotI rahatI hai / eka paryAya ke nAza hone para dUsarI paryAya vastu meM utpanna hotI hai| isI kAraNa use kramabhAvI kahA gayA hai /

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124 nyAyaratna :nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 36 prazna-AtmA kA guNa jJAna sAmAnya Apane kahA hai vaha to hama bhI svIkAra karate haiM kyoMki 'upayogo lakSaNam' aisA ArSa vAkya hai / parantu jisa prakAra indriya janya sukha vizeSa indriyoM ke nimitta se utpanna hone ke kAraNa vaha paryAya rUpa se parigaNita huA hai| usI prakAra jJAna ke vizeSa matijJAna, zrata jJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye saba bhI paryAya vizeSa hI mAnanA cAhiye, guNa vizeSa nahIM kyoMki inameM kitaneka jJAna karmoM ke kSayopazama rUpa nimitta se utpanna hote haiM aura koI eka karmoM ke kSaya rUpa nimitta se utpanna hotA hai| uttara-matijJAnAdirUpa cAra jJAna kSAyopazAmika jJAna haiN| aura ye jJAna sAmAnya jJAna kI hI vizeSa paryAya rUpa haiM ataH inheM paryAya vizeSa meM hI parigaNita diyA gayA hai / parantu jo kSAyika jJAnarUpa kevalajJAna hai vaha paryAya vizeSa meM parigaNita nahIM huA hai / vaha to jIva kA nija svabhAva hai / ataH ise guNa vizeSa meM hI parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| prazna-to phira jisa prakAra se sAmAnya jJAna kA AtmA meM sadabhAba pAyA jAtA hai| usI prakAra se kevalajJAna kA bhI sadbhAva kyoM nahIM pAyA jAtA ? uttara-yaha kauna vAhatA hai ki AtmA meM kevalajJAna kA sadbhAva nahIM pAyA jAtA? isakA bhI sadbhAva AtmA meM pAyA jAtA hai prazna- to phira anya jJAnoM kI taraha usako AtmA meM upalabdhi kyoM nahIM hotI hai ? usara-isakI upalabdhi isaliye nahIM hotI hai ki yaha anya matyAdika jJAnoM kI taraha sahaja meM prApta nahIM hotA hai / sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke sarvathA bilaya ho jAne para hI vaha utpanna hotA hai / AtmA meM jaba taka jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA sadbhAva rahatA hai taba taka vaha isako purNarUpa se AvRta kiye rahatA hai / matyAdi cAra jJAnoM meM aisI bAta nahIM hai ye to jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se hI prApta ho jAte haiN| ataH inake sadbhAva meM bhI jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA AMzika rUpa se sadbhAba pAyA jAtA hai| prazna--Apa jo aisA kaha rahe haiM ki kevalajJAna rUpa guNa vizeSa ko jJAnAvaraNIya karma jo ki usakA pratipakSI hai AvRta kiye hue haiM so yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI hai| kyoMki maujUdA vastu kA hI usake pratipakSI dvArA AvaraNa hotA dekhA jAtA hai| jaba AtmA meM kevalajJAna kA udaya nahIM hai taba vaha jJAnAvaraNIya karma AvaraNa kisakA karegA? uttara-zaGkA to ThIka hai parantu isa para vicAra yadi acchI taraha se kiyA jAye to samAdhAna bhI hAtha meM A jAtA hai / AtmA meM kevalajJAna kA sadbhAva zakti kI apekSA se hI mAnA gayA hai / jJAnAvaraNIya karma isI zakti ko AvRta kiye rahatA hai| ataH vaha jIva kA svabhAvabhUta hone para bhI usake sadbhAva meM prakAzita nahIM ho pAtA hai| eka bAra hI isake prakAzita ho jAne para phira isakA AvaraNa nahIM hotA hai| ataH kevalajJAna ko AtmA kA svabhAvabhUta guNa vizeSa hI mAnA gayA hai, paryAya vizeSa nahIM / isa prakAra ke isa mUla abhiprAya ko hRdayaMgama karake hI 'abhinna kAlavattinaH' aisA pada sUtrakAra ne sUtra meM nihita kiyA hai / jo ki anyavAdiyoM kI zaGkAoM kA nirasana karatA huA jJAniyoM kI dRSTi apanI pUrNa AbhA se candramaNDala kI taraha camaka rahA hai| kevala usa ora lakSya dilAne ke abhiprAya se hI yaha spaSTIkaraNa likhA gayA hai / / 36 / / / // iti caturyodhyAyaH samAptaH //

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paMcama adhyAya sUtra--pramANa sAdhyamajJAnanivRttyAdikaM tatphalam / / 1 / / saMskRta TIkA-pramANasya svarUpaM saMkhyA viSayaM ca nirUpyAdhunA tatphalaM nirUpayitu mAha-pramANa sAdhyamityAdi-pramANena pratyakSa parokSa rUpeNa vividhena pramANena yat sAdhyate-saMpAdyate svasvaviSayAjJAna nivRttyAdika tat pramANa sAdhyamajJAna nivRttyAdikaM tasya pramANasya phalaM--prayojanamavagantavyam yadA hi jJAnaM ghaTapaTAdikaM viSayI karoti tadA tadviSayakAvaraNa bhaGgAt ajJAna nivRttirbhavati, idameva jJAnasya sAkSAtphalam // 1 // artha-ajJAnanivRtti Adi rUpa phala vAlA pramANa hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-prathama adhyAya se lekara caturtha adhyAya taka isa grantha meM sUtrakAra ne pramANa ke svarUpa kA, usake bhedoM kA aura usake viSaya kA bahuta hI acchI taraha se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| aba ve isa paJcama adhyAya ke dvArA pratyakSa parokSa rUpa se mAnya usa pramANa ke phala kA vicAra kara rahe haiN| pramANa jaba taka padArtha ko viSaya nahIM karatA hai taba taka usa viSaya kA bodha nahIM hotA hai| bo hI usa viSaya kA ajJAna hai / pratyakSa zAna aura parokSa jJAna kA viSaya sAmAnya vizeSa dharmAtmaka padArtha hai so jaba ye jJAna apane-apane viSaya ko sAkSAdrapa se yA pratyakSa rUpa se jAnate haiM taba usa viSaya sambandhI AvaraNa ke abhAva ho jAne se usa viSaya kA una-una jJAnoM dvArA grahaNa hotA hai / isa taraha se apane-apane viSaya sambandhI ajJAna kI nivRtti honA hI pramANa kA pratyakSa parokSa kA phala hai aura yaha ajJAnanivRtti hI pratyeka jJAna kA sAkSAt phala kahA gayA hai // 1 // sUtra-sAkSAtparamparA bhedAttad dvividham // 2 // saMskRta TIkA-ajJAnanivRttyAdi rUpaM pramANa phalaM dvividham sAkSAtphalaM paramparAphalaM ceti / tatra pratyakSAdi pramANa vyApArAnantaraM kAlAdyavyavadhAnena yatphalamutpadyatetatpramANasya sAkSAtphalaM vyapadizyate / etena cakSurAdijanya jJAna vizeSa vyApArAvyavahitottara kAlAvacchedena jAyamAnaM ghaTAdi viSayakAjJAnanivatti rUpaM phalaM pramANasya sAkSAtphalam / pramANa vyApAra vyavahitottara kAlAvacchedena tu jAyamAnaM heyopAdeyopekSya vastuSu hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhirUpaM phalaM pramANasya paramparA phalamiti phalitam / / 2 / / artha-sAkSAtphala aura paramparA phala ke bheda se pramANa kA phala do prakAra kA hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-pramANa ke dvArA vastu ke grahaNa ho jAne para jo usa vastu ke ajJAna kI nivatti ho jAtI hai vaha to sAkSAtphala hai aura phira jo usa ajJAnanivRtti rUpa phala ke bAda use vastu ke sambandha meM hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA rUpa bhAva hote haiM vaha usakA paramparA phala hai| 125

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126 jyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya sUtra, 3-4 prazna-vastu jyoM hI jJAna ke dvArA gRhIta hotI hai vaha hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA kA viSaya bana jAtI hai| phira isake ati aura sAzAlakara kyA hai| uttara-hAna, upAdAna AdirUpa jo bhAva hote haiM ve binA vastu-viSayaka ajJAnanivRtti hue nahIM ho sakate haiM / "yaha viSa hai" isa prakAra se jaba taka viSa ke sambandha meM jJAna nahIM ho jAtA hai taba taka usake sambandha meM yaha chor3ane yogya hai aisA hAna bhAva nahIM hotA hai| ataH yaha mAnanA cAhie ki ajJAna nivRtti rUpa phala hue binA paramparA phala nahIM hotA hai| hama logoM ko inameM aisA paurvAparya bhAva jo pratIta nahIM hotA hai usakA kAraNa kSaNoM kI atisUkSmatA hai, vaha jJAta nahIM ho pAtI hai // 2 // sUtra-sarva pramANAnAmajJAna nivRttiH sAkSAtphalam / / 3 // saMskRta TIkA-sarveSAM pUrvokta pratyakSa parokSa pramANAnAM sva-svaviSayAjJAna nivRttiH viparyayAdi rUpAjJAnavinAzaH svaparanizcayarUpaH sAkSAtphalaM nigaditam / etena sAMvyavahArika pAramArthika bhedena dvividhasya dezAzeSAtmanA spaSTatArUpa vaizAlakSaNa pratyakSapramANasya smaraNapratyabhijJAtAnumAnAgamabhedena paJcavidhasyA spaSTatA lakSaNA vaizadyarUpa parokSe pramANasya cAjJAnanivRttireva sAkSAtkalamavamantabyameteSAM vyApArAnantaraM sva sva viSaya sambandhyajJAna nivRtte reva prathama sampadyamAnatvAt / sA cAjJAnanivRttiH svapara vyavasiti rUpaivAvagantavyA / / 3 / / artha-samasta pramANoM kA sAkSAtphala ajJAna kA vinAza honA hI kahA gayA hai / / 3 / / hindI vyAkhyA--apane-apane viSayabhUta padArthoM ke sambandha meM jo unake jAna lene para nAma, jAti Adi rUpa se unakA bhAna hotA hai vahI unake sambandha kI ajJAna bI nivRtti hotI hai kyoMki saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya rUpa ajJAna kA vinAza, jaba taka ve jJAna ke viSayabhUta nahIM banate haiM taba taka nahIM hotA hai| jJAna ke viSayabhUta bana jAne para unake sambandha meM jo abhI taka saMzayAdi rUpa ajJAna calA A rahA thA vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai aura yaha jamuka padArtha hai aisA bodha ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra se yaha ajJAna kI nivRtti hI samasta jJAnoM kA cAhe vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa jJAna ho cAhe pAramArthika pratyakSa jJAna ho, sAkSAtphala kahA gayA hai| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kA lakSaNa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa kA lakSaNa pIche ke adhyAya meM spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| ekadeza se jo jJAna indriyoM kI sahAyatA lekara padArthoM ko spaSTa jAnatA hai vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai aura jo indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA vikala rUpa se aura sakala rUpa se padArthoM ko spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA hai vaha pAramArthika pralAkSa hai| parokSa pramANa kA bhI svarUpa pIche ke adhyAya meM spaSTa rUpa se vivecita ho cukA hai| yaha parokSa pramANa aspaSTa rUpa se padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| esake smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama aise pAMca bheda kahe gaye haiN| smaraNAdi jaba taka apane-apane viSaya meM vyApAra nahIM hotA hai taba taka usa viSaya ke ajJAna kA sadabhAva banA rahatA hai / smaraNAdi jJAnoM ke dvArA apanA-apanA viSaya gRhIta ho jAne para usa-usa viSaya kA astaraNAdi rUpa ajJAnanivRtta ho jAtA hai| ataH yaha ajJAnanivRtti hI una-una jJAnoM kA sAkSAtphala kahA gayA hai yaha samasta jJAnoM dvArA saMpAdya ajJAnanivRtti svapara vyavasAya rUpa hotI mAnI gaI hai / / 3 // sUtra-kevalaM vihAya pramANAnAM paramparAphalaM hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhayaH // 4 // saMskRta TIkA-sarveSAM jJAnAnAmajJAnanivRttirUpaM sAkSAtphalamuktvA paramparA phalameteSAM kimasti / itijijJAsAM prazamayitumAha-kevalaM vihAyetyAdi-kevalamasahAyaM jJAnaM rUpyarU pisakala padArtha yugapat sAkSAtkArijJAnaM kevala jJAnaM vimucya sarveSAM pratyakSa parokSa jJAnAnAM paramparA phalaM heyopAdeyopekSaNIyeSa padArtheSu hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhirUpa jJAtavyam / etena svaparavyavasAyinA jJAnenAvadhAraNa rUpa vyApAra karaNAnantaraM tadviSayakAjJAnanivRtti rUpe sAkSAtphale jAte sati yat tadanantaramiSTAniSTa sAdhanabhUteSu

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nyAyaratna: pyAyaratnAvalI TIkA: pacama adhyAya, satra 5 127 zatrumitrAdi padArtheSu heyopAdeyeSu kramazo hAnabuddhirupAdAna buddhirupekSaNIyeSu ceSTAnipTAmAdhaneSu jIrNazIrNa tuccha kanthAdiSu upekSA buddhi rUpa jAyate tadeva paramparA phalam / kevalajJAnasya hAnopAdAna buddhirUpaM paramparA phalaM na saMbhavati kevalajJAnazAlinaH kevalinaH sakala padArtha sAkSAtkAritvena kRtArthatayA hAnopAdAna buddha rasaMbhavAt / sarvatra copekSA buddha reva sadbhAvAt / / 4 / / artha - kevalajJAna ko chor3akara zeSa pramANoM kA paramparA phala hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA buddhirUpa kahA gayA hai. / / 4 // hindI vyAkhyA-samasta jJAnoM kA sAkSAtphala ajJAnanivRtti rUpa kahakara aba una saba kA para mparA phala kyA hai isa prakAra kI vineya jana kI jijJAsA ko zAnta karane ke liye sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra kA kathana kiyA hai / isake dvArA ve samajhA rahe haiM ki kevalajJAna ko chor3akara zeSa pratyakSa parokSabhUta jJAnoM kA paramparAphala heya padArthoM meM aniSTa sAdhanabhUta zatru AdivoM meM-hAna buddhi kA honA, hitasAdhakabhuta mitrAdi janoM meM upAdAna buddhi kA honA aura jIrNa-zIrNa kathAdika padArthoM meM jo ki na ipTa ke sAdhanabhUta haiM aura na aniSTa ke sAdhanabhUta haiM upekSAbuddhi kA honA hai| kevalajJAna asahAya jJAna hai, yaha trikAlavI rUpI aura arUpI samasta padArthoM ko yagapana jAnatA hai| ataH isa jJAnavAlA kevalI sakala padArthoM kA sAkSAtkArI ho jAne ke kAraNa kRtArtha bana jAtA hai / isase unameM hAna aura upAdAna rUpa buddhiyA~ udgata nahIM hotI hai / kintu samasta padArthoM meM unheM eka upekSA bhAva hI rahatA hai / isa upekSA bhAva meM tyAga aura AdAna kA bhAva nahIM hotA hai / chadmasthajana ko hI apane jJAna kA jaba padArthoM kI tarapha unheM jAnane kA vyApAra hotA hai, taba usa nAgAra ke andara ajJAna kI nivRtti hote hI dAna, upAna aura upekSAbuddhi hotI hai| yadi vaha padArtha hitakara nahIM hai to vaha chor3a diyA jAtA hai, aura yadi vaha apane prayojana kA sAdhaka hai to brahaNa kara liyA jAtA hai| aura yadi vaha na prayojanabhUta hai aura na aprayojanabhUta hai to upekSaNIya ho jAtA hai / / 4 / / / sUtra-yugapatsakala padArtha sAkSAtkAritayA tasya vyavahitaM phalamupekSAbuddhireva // 5 // saMskRta TIkA-uttAnArthamidaM sUtram / doSAvaraNAyonizzeSahAnito yugapatsakala padArtha sAkSAtkAritA''tmani prasidhyati kimatra citram / kvacidoSAvaraNayonizNepA hAnirastyatizAyanAt / yathA suvarNa malakSayaH yugapatsakala padArtha sAkSAtkAritev sarvajJatA / / 5 / / artha-eka hI samaya meM sakala padArthoM kA sAkSAtkArI hone ke kAraNa kevalajJAna kA paramparA phala upekSA buddhi-mAdhyasthyabhAva hI hai| hindI vyAkhyA-sUtra kA artha spaSTa hai / doSoM evaM AvaraNoM kI saMpUrNa rUpa se hAni hone se AtmA meM eka aise jJAna kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai ki jisake bala para AtmA eka hI sAtha sakala padArthoM kA sAkSAtkArI bana jAtA hai| doSa aura AbaraNoM kI AtmA meM samasta rUpa meM hAni hotI hai yaha sAdhya atizAyana hetu se suvarNa meM malakSaya kI taraha hotA hai / ajJAna, rAga aura dvaSa Adi doSa haiN| pUrva doSa jisake bala para AtmA meM jAgarUka yA apanI sattA meM raheM baha AvaraNa hai / yaha AvaraNa jJAnAvaraNAdi ke bheda se ATha prakAra kA hotA hai / ajJAnAdi doSa AtmA meM Agantuka haiM, isalie ye AtmA ke vikArI bhAva haiN| isalie inheM bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai| inhIM kA dUsarA nAma doSa hai / doSa aura AvaraNoM ke sarvathA abhAva ho jAne se hI AtmA meM vItarAgatA ke sAtha sarvajJatA prakaTa hotI hai| jisa prakAra suvarNa Adi dravya meM kiTakAlimAdika bahiraGgamala aura antaraGgamala kI taratamatA-hInAdhikatA hone se zuddha suvarNa meM usakA sarvathA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai ThIka usI prakAra se dopa aura AvaraNa kI bhI hInAdhikatA hama saMsArIjanoM meM prasiddha hotI haI sarvathA abhAbarUpa meM kahIM na kahIM avazya hai| jahA~ inakA sarvathA abhAva hai vahI

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128 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcaga adhyAya, mUtra 5 vItarAgatA hai / kiTTakAlimAdika ubhaya prakAra ke mala se rahita hone ke kAraNa hI suvarNa kI jisa prakAra zuddhi mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra ina donoM doSa aura AvaraNoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa hI AtmA kI zuddhi mAnI gaI hai| isa zuddhi kA nAma hI vItarAgatA hai| dArzanika paddhati ke anusAra dharmI prasiddha hotA hai, sAdhya aprasiddha aura hetu apane sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva rUpa sambandha se bandhA huA hotA hai / "AtmA meM doSa aura AvaraNoM kI hAni hai" yaha vAkya dharmI hai / aura vaha dharmI prasiddha hai kyoMki sAmAnya rUpa meM saMsArI AtmAoM meM inakA thor3e se bhI rUpa meM abhAva na hotA to inake yatkiJcit abhAba se (kSayopazama se) janya jJAnAdika kAryoM kA jo vahA~ taratamarUpa se vikAsa dekhane meM AtA hai, vaha nahIM ho sktaa| ataH yaha to svIkAra karanA hI par3atA hai ki hama saMsArI AtmAoM meM jJAnAbaraNAdika karmoM kI AMzika rUpa meM hAni hai / jaba yaha bAta hai to isase yaha bhI yukti ke bala para mAnanA cAhiye ki kisI na kisI AtmA meM inakA sarvathA hai va hai| prazna-sAdhya aprasiddha hotA hai / so jaba Apa doSa aura ovaraNoM ko hAni ko sAdhya koTi meM rakhate haiM so yaha bAta ThIka nahIM haiM kyoMki vaha to loSTAdika padArthoM meM svataH hI siddha hai-doSa aura bAvaraNoM kI hAni sarvathA vahA~ hai hI-ataH sAdhya aprasiddha na hokara prasiddha ho jAtA hai aura vaha isa taraha se sAdhya koTi meM AtA hI nahIM hai| uttara-hAni zabda kA artha jo tuma samajha rahe ho vaha yahA~ nahIM liyA gayA hai / yahA~ to hAni zabda se pradhvaMsAbhAva liyA gayA gayA hai, atyantAbhAva nahIM / yadi loSThAdika padArthoM meM pahale doSa aura AvaraNoM kA astitva siddha hotA to yaha bAta mAnI jA sakatI thI ki vahA~ inakI hAni hai / ataH sAdhya aprasiddha hI hai, prasiddha nahIM / prazna-jaba jaina siddhAnta isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hai ki-"nahi kazcit sa pudgalo'sti yo na jIvarasakRt na bhuktojjhitaH" aisA koI sA bhI pudgala nahIM bacA hai jise jIvoM ne bAra-bAra bhoga kara na chor3a diyA ho to isase yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki jaba AtmA ne una loSThAdikoM ko apane ekendriya ke zarIrarUpa se grahaNa kiyA thA taba vahA~ para AtmA kA sadbhAva hone se unameM pahale doSa aura AvaraNoM kI sattA thI hI aura aba vaha vahA~ para nahIM hai / uttara-isa kathana se Apa yaha kaise siddha kara sakate haiM ki doSa aura AvaraNa loSThAdikoM meM the| isase to yahI siddha hotA hai ki jaba AtmA ne unheM ekendriya ke zarIra rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA thA tava ve doSa aura AvaraNa usa AtmA ke hI sAtha the na ki loSThAdikoM meN| jaba vahA~ se usa bhava sambandhI Ayu ke kSaya hone para vaha AtmA gatyantarita ho gayA, tada ve usake acetana zarIra rUpa meM par3e raha gye| isa taraha doSa aura AvaraNa kA sambandha zarIra ke sAtha nahIM hai kintu-saMsArI cetana ke sAtha hai / ataH aprasiddha hI sAdhya huA hai, prasiddha nhiiN| prazna-jisa prakAra Apa taratamarUpa hetu se doSa aura AvaraNa kI sarvathA hAni siddha kara rahe haiM usI prakAra hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki buddhi kA bhI to hama saMsArI jIvoM meM taratama bhAva dekhA jAtA hai ataH isakA bhI kahIM na kahIM sampUrNa rUpa se abhAva honA cAhie parantu aisA to hotA nahIM hai kyoki aisI mAnyatA meM AtmA ke nija lakSaNa kA abhAva prasaGga hone se yA to usameM azatA hI siddha ho jAyagI yA phira Atmadravya kA nija lakSaNa ke abhAva meM abhAva mAnanA par3egA / ataH taratama hetu se-atizAyana hetu se-doSa aura AvaraNoM kI sarvathA hAnirUpa sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai / uttara-taratamarUpa hetu se apane sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| kyoMki

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 5 RE yaha hetu sarvaprakAra se nirdoSa hai| rahI buddhi kI bAta - so usakA sarvathA abhAva acetana puthivI AdikoM meM mAnA hI gayA hai / prazna- isa prakAra ke kathana se to Apa sAdhAraNa vyakti ko bhale hI samajhA sakate ho - para jo samajhadAra hai use nahIM samajhA sakate ho kyoMki Apa hAni zabda kA artha pradhvaMsAbhAva kara rahe ho to unameM buddhi kA pradhvaMsAbhAva nahIM hai, vahA~ to unakA atyantAbhAva hai / aura vaha atyantAbhAva hAni zabda kA artha iSTa nahIM hai ataH yaha chalAtmaka uttara ThIka nahIM hai / uttara - are bhAI ! yaha chalAtmaka uttara nahIM hai / chala to sAmane vAle prativAdI vyakti ko yenakenaprakAreNa cupa karane ke lie Azrita kiyA jAtA hai / acetana pRthivI AdikoM meM buddhi kA atyantAbhAva nahIM hai, pradhvaMsAbhAva hI hai| aura vaha isa prakAra se hai - pRthivIkAyika jIvoM dvArA jaba pRthivIrUpa mudgala zarIra rUpa se gRhIta kiyA huA rahatA hai taba usameM buddhirUpa cetanAguNa kA sambandha se astitva mAnA jAtA hai| pahacAt apanI Ayu ke avasAna hote hI jaba vahI pudgala unake dvArA chor3a diyA jAtA hai| taba usameM se usakI nivRtti hone para usakA vahA~ abhAva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra "bhUtvA bhAvatvam" hokara ke nahIM honA yaha pradhvaMsAbhAva kA lakSaNa vahA~ ghaTita ho jAtA hai / kyoMki buddhi ke sadbhAvapUrvaka hI vahAM usakA upAya siddha hai|nyaaki java udgala meM cetanAguNarUpa buddhi kA sarvAtmanA abhAva hone se AtmA meM apane nija lakSaNa ke abhAva kI AzaGkA kaise A sakatI hai / yaha to tabhI saMbhava thI ki jaba AtmA meM isakA sarvathA abhAva mAnA jAtA / parantu aisI mAnyatA to hai nahIM, ataH isa prakAra kI mAnyatA meM na to AtmA kA hI sarvathA abhAva ho sakatA hai aura na usameM usake sAmAnya buddhirUpa lakSaNa kA hI / prazna - doSa aura AvaraNa kI hAni kA artha yadi Apa pradhvaMsAbhAva karate haiM to vaha hAni jJAnAvaraNAdika pudgala dravya kI kaise ho sakatI hai ? kAraNa ki "sato na vinAzaH asatazcanotpAdaH " sat padArtha kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA hai aura asatpadArtha kA kabhI utpAda nahIM hotA hai| isa niyama ke anusAra jJAnAvaraNAdi pudgaloM kA dravyarUpa hone se pradhvaMsAbhAva rUpa kSaya kaise ho sakatA hai / anyathA mUladravya ke vinAza mAnane para to jaina siddhAnta kI prakriyA hI astavyasta ho jAtI hai / uttara- aisA nahIM hai jaisA ki tuma kaha rahe ho / jJAnAvaraNAdika dravya nahIM hai ye to kArmaNavargaNArUpa dravya kI paryAyeM haiN| nimitta ko lekara jaba ina kAmaNivargaNAoM meM jJAnAvaraNAdika paryAyarUpa pariNamana ho jAtA hai taba unakI karma saMjJA ho jAtI hai| nimitta ke haTane para dravya apane rUpa meM pariNa mita hotA rahatA hai / isa prakAra kArmaNavargeNArUpa dravya karmaparyAya se rahita hokara akarmarUpa paryAya se pariNamita ho jAtA hai / nimitta ke milane para jaise vaha karmarUpa paryAya se pariNamita hone ke svabhAva bAlA thA usI prakAra nimitta ke haTa jAne para akarmarUpa paryAya se pariNamita honA bhI usakA eka svabhAva hai| isI kA nAma AvaraNAdika kA kSaya hai| jisa prakAra suvarNa Adi kI zuddhi usase usake maila Adi ke haTa jAne para hotI hai isI prakAra AtmA kI zuddhi bhI karmarUpa maMla ke haTa jAne para hotI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM ise yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM-- kevala zuddha suvarNa ko upalabdhi hI usake mela kI nivRti jaisI mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra kevala zuddha Atmadravya kI upalabdhi bhI AvaraNAdikoM kI nivRtti hai / yaha unakI nivRtti yA kevala AtmA kI upalabdhi hI karmoM kA aura maila kA kSaya hai / yaha kSaya vahAM se una paryAyoM kA haTa jAnA rUpa hI hai / prazna -- jisa prakAra mRtikA dravya ke vartamAna rahane para nimitta ke milate hI usameM ghaTa Adi paryAyoM kA utpAda honA dekhA jAtA hai usI prakAra kArmaNa dravya ke sadbhAva meM nimitta milane se usameM

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130 nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA: paMcama adhyAya sUtra, 6 punaH karmarUpa paryAya kA ki jisa AtmA meM vaha akarmarUpa paryAya se sthita hai sadbhAva kyoM nahIM ho jAvegA? aisI paristhiti meM Apa jo doSa aura AvaraNoM kI sarvathA hAni hone rUpa zuddhi kA rAga AlApa rahe haiM vaha kaise bana sakatA hai ? uttara-yaha to samajhA hI diyA gayA hai ki kArmaNavargaNAoM kA nimita kapAyAdika ke milane se jJAnAvaraNAdi paryAya rUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai / jaba yaha nimitta hI sarvathA usa AtmA se haTa gayA to phira mUladradhya vartamAna rahane para bhI nimitta ke abhAva meM usa rUpa meM pariNamita ho hI nahIM sakatA, doSa aura AvaraNa kA parapara meM kAryakAraNa sambandha hai / jaya AtmA se AvaraNa mpa karma haTa jAte haiM taba unake haTate hI samyagjJAnAdika guNoM kI jAgRti se doSa bhI vahA~ se haTa jAte haiN| isa prakAra AtmA darpaNa kI taraha nirmala ho jAtA hai aura usameM trikAlavI samasta padArthoM kA jhalakanA yugapat hone lagatA hai| yahI AtmA meM sakala padArtha sAkSAtkAritA hai| jaba AtyA meM yaha sakala padArtha sAkSAtkAritArUpa sarvajJatA prakaTa ho jAtI hai taba usa bovalIAtmA meM samasta padArthoM ke prati upekSA bhAva-mAdhyasthyabhAva ho jAtA hai / hAna, upAdAnabhAva nahIM rahatA hai / hAna upAdAna bhAva Ryita AtmA meM hI hotA hai / isa prakAra se atizAyana hetu dvArA AtmA meM doSa aura AvaraNoM ko saMpUrNarUpa se hAni-akSaya-siddha kiyA gayA hai / yahI sarvajJatva kI siddhi hai / sarvajJa ke kSAyikajJAna kA nAma hI kevalajJAna hai / sUtra-pramANAttatphalaM kathaJcidabhinna bhinnaM ceti // 6 // saMskRta TokA--pramANAta pramANaphalaraya kathaJcidabhinnatvaM trayacicca bhinnatvaM mantavyam / anyathA pramANaphala vyavasthA na syAt / yadi ajJAnanivasyAdikaM pramANaphalaM pramANataH sarvathAjabhinnaM bhavettadA tayorekatarasyaiva vyavasthA sadbhAvAt pramANamida tatphalaM cedamiti vyavahAra vilopo bhavet / ekameva tatphalasya tasmAdbhinnatye pramANasyaveda phala na ghaTapaTAderiti niyAmakAbhAvena pramAga phala vyavasthApinopapadyata / tasmAdanekAnta mantavyameva svIkaraNIyam / / 6 / / artha-pramANa kA phala pramANa se kathaMcit abhinna bhI hai aura kathaMcit bhinna bhI hai / hindI vyAlyA pramANa se pramANa kA phala kathaJcin bhinna hai aura kathaMcit bhinna hai aisA mAnanA cAhie anyathA pramANa aura pramANa ke phala kI vyavasthA hI nahIM bana sakatI hai| yadi ajJAnanivRtti Adi rUpa pramANa phala se sarvathA abhinna ho to usa sthiti meM yA to pramANa kI hI vyavasthA rahegI yA phala kI hI vyavasthA rahegI-donoM kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakegI taba yaha pramANa hai aura yaha isakA phala hai aisA jo vyavahAra hai usa vyavahAra kA vilopa ho jaayegaa| isI taraha pramANa ke phala ko pramANa se sarvathA bhinna yadi mAnA jAvegA to usa sthiti meM bhI yaha pramANa kA phala hai aisA pramANa ke sAtha usakA sambandha nahIM bana sakegA kyoMki jaisA vaha pramANa se bhinna hai usI taraha vaha ghaTapaTAdi se bhI bhinna hai ataH ghaTa-paTAdi kA bhI vaha phala kyoM nahIM kahA jAyegA aura pramANa kA hI kyoM kahA jaayegaa| prazna-bhinna hone para bhI yaha phala pramANa kA hai aisA isalie kahA jAyegA ki vaha usa pramANa se utpanna hotA hai / ghaTa-paTAdika se vaha utpanna nahIM hotA hai isalie baTapaTAdi kA vaha hai aisA nahIM kahA jaayegaa| uttara-jaise mRttikA piNDa se hI ghaTa utpanna hotA hai aura vaha mRttikA piNDa se AkAra-prakAra kI apekSA bhinna hotA huA bhI usase sarvathA bhinna to nahIM kahA jAtA hai kisI apekSA hI bhinna kahA jAtA hai / yadi vaha usase sarvathA bhinna hI mAnA jAve to yaha ghaTa manikA piNDa se utpanna haA hai mA vyavahAra kaise bana sakatA hai ? arthAt nahIM bana sakatA hai| isI prakAra ajJAnanivRtti Adi rUpa phala bhI

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nyAyaratna : nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 7-8 pramANa se hI utpanna hotA hai aura vaha usa apekSA kArya hone kI dRSTi se pramANarUpa apane kAraNa se bhinna hotA huA bhI sarvathA bhinna to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kisI apekSA se hI bhinna kahA jA sakatA hai / jisa prakAra ghaTa meM mRttikA kA anvaya rahatA hai aura isI se vaha mRttikA kA ghaTa aisA kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra pramANa phala meM bhI pramANa kA sambandha rahatA hai isI kAraNa naha pramANa kA phala hai aisA kahA jAtA hai / ataH isa dRSTi se pramANa se pramANa kA phala sarvathA bhinna nahIM ho sakatA hai| prazna-yadi pramANa aura pramANa ke phala ko sarvathA bhinna mAnane meM pramANa aura pramANa phala aisA vyabahAra nahIM sadha sakatA hai| to phira pramANa se pramANa phala ko marvathA abhinna hI mAnane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? uttara- bahuta bar3I bAdhA hai| kyoMki isa sthiti meM bhI pramANa aura pramAgaphala ina donoM kI svatantra muttA nahIM bana pAtI hai / ataH pramANa aura pramANaphala meM paraspara meM sAdhanasAdhya bhAva hai isalie to vaha kathaJcit bhinna hai aura ye donoM eka hI pramANatA meM tAdAtmya sambandha se rahate haiM isalie ye kaJcit abhinna haiN| yahI samAjAlA maanytaa| yahAM samucita hai / ekAnta mAnyatA nahIM / prazna-ApakA yaha kathana hama kaise pramANita mAne ki pramANa aura usake phala meM kathaJcita abhinnatA hai / derako pramANa kA jo paramparA kala hAna, upAdAna Adi rUpa hai vaha to usase vyavahita hone ke kAraNa sarvathA bhinna hI haiN| yadi ise sarvathA bhinna nahIM mAnA jAve to use ajJAna nivRtti kI taraha sAkSAtphalarUpa ho mAnanA cAhie thaa| uttara-posA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kAraNa ki pramANa kA jo sAkSAt phala hai usakA phala hAnopAdAnAdi buddhi rUpa hotA hai| ataH jo pramANa se vastu jAnI gaI hai use hI jAnane vAlA yA to grahaNa karatA hai yA usakA parityAga Adi karatA hai / ataH eka hI pramAtA meM pramANa aura usake phala kA tAdAtmya sambandha hone kI apekSA lekara pramANa aura usake parampaga phala ko sarvathA bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadi isa paramparA phala ko pramANa se sarvathA judA hI mAnA jAvegA to phira devadatta ke dvArA jAnI huI vastu ko grahaNa yA hAna karane Adi rUpa buddhi ke hone kA prasaGga yajJadatta meM bhI prApta hogaa| kyoMki jisa prakAra vaha paramparA phala devadatta ke pramANa se sarvathA judA hai usI prakAra vaha phala yajJadatta ke pramANa se bhI judA hai / phira koI kAraNa nahIM ki vaha devadatta ke pramANa ke sAtha hI sambaddhita rahe aura yajJadatta ke pramANa ke sAtha sambaddhita na rahe / ataH paramparAphala pramANa se sarvathA bhinna hI hai isa durAgraha ko chor3akara yahI mAnanA cAhie ki paramparA phala bhI pramANa se kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna sUtra--eka pramAtR tAdAtmyena kAryakAraNabhAvena ca pramANaphalayoH kathaJcidekatvAnekatvam / / 7 / / saMskRta TIkA-uttAnArthamidaM sUtra pUrvokta paddhatyA'sya suspaSTIbhavanAt / eka pramAta tAdAtmyena pramANaphalayoH syAdabhinnatvaM kAryakAraNabhAvena ca syAdanekatvaM bhinnatvamityarthaH // 7 // hindI vyAkhyA-yaha Upara sUtra kI vyAkhyA se spaSTa ho cukA hai ki pramANa se usakA phala cAhe vaha sAkSAt phala ho cAhe paramparA phala ho, kisI apekSA-eka pramAtA meM ina donoM ke tAdAtmya hone kI apekSA abhinna hai aura kisI apekSA kAryakAraNa bhAva kI apekSA bhitra bhI hai| isa taraha se isa sUtra dvArA donoM meM kathaJcit mitratA evaM kathaJcita abhinnatA kA bIja yahA~ prakaTa kiyA gayA hai // 7 // pramANataH phalasya kathaJcid bhinnAbhinnatvaM sisAdhayiSuH sUtrakAra prakArAntareNApi tatsAdhayati

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132 nyAyaratna ; nyAyaralAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, stra sUtra-pramANatayA pariNatasyaivAtmanaH phalatvena pariNati sadbhAvAt / / 8 / / saMskRta TokA-strapara vyavasAyAtmavajJAnarUpa pramANatayA pariNatasyaiva pramAtRrUpAtmadravyasya svapara-nizcayarUpAjJAnanivRtti hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddha yAdinA'pi pariNamamAnatvena tadubhayorapi pramANaphalayorekAtma pramAtR dravya tAdAtmyApannatvena parasparamapi tayorabhinnatvaM siddha yati / etena ya eva pramAta rUpa AtmA pravarga para cyavasArasvamAnarUpa pramANatayA pariNato bhavati sa eva pazcAta pramANa phalarUpeNApi pariNamate ityevameka pramAta rUpAtmadravyApekSayA tadubhayorapi pramANarUpa phalarUpayoH parasparamabhedaH siddha yatIti bhAvaH, etena jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmaNAM kSaya-kSayopazamAbhyAM jJAnAvaraNAdi kamarajomala rahitasya kincitsamalasya bA svayaMprakAzazIlasyAtmanaH svapara vyavasAya svabhAvarUpa pramANa tathA pariNamanAnantaraM prakAzenAndhakArasya nivRttivat tathAkSayopazamaM sarvathA bAGajJAna nivRttibhavati tatazca heyopAdeyopekSaNIya varataSa upekSA buddhirvAnopAdAnopekSAbaddhayovA samadabhavanti / tadananta sarvatropekSAbuddhiH chadmasthasya ca heya vastuto nivRttiH upAdeya vastuSa pravRttirupakSaNIya bastuSu ghopekSARddhirUpa jAyate ete ca paryAyA Atma dravyasyaiva vartante tasmAt eteSAmAtmadravya pariNAmatvAt Atmadravya tAdAtmyena svarUpatasteSAM paraspara bhinnatve'pi AtmadravyatvenAbhinnatayA teSAmajJAnanivRttyAdi phalAnAM pramANataH kathaJcid bhinnAbhinnatvaM siddhamiti phalitam evaM ca ya evaM pramAtA pratyakSAdi pramANena kimapi vastu nizcinoti sa eva tadvastu heyaM cet parityajati, upAdeyaM cet upAdatte, upekSaNIyaM cedupekSate iti sarvAnubhava siddhametat / mahi anyaH pramAtA pramAgena vastu nizcinoti anyazcAtmA hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhi karotIti vastusthiti : / / 8 // hindI vyAkhyA-sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra dvArA prakArAntara se bhI pramANa aura usake phala meM kisI apekSA bhinnatA aura kisI apekSA abhinnatA siddha kI hai| isameM unhoMne aisA samajhAyA hai ki pramANa rUpa se pariNata huI AtmA hI phalarUpa se pariNamana karatI hai isaliye pramANa aura usake phala meM na to sarvathA bhinnatA hI hai aura na sarvathA abhinnatA hI hai kintu kisI apekSA bhinnatA aura kisI apekSA abhinnatA hai, yahI anekAnta siddhAnta yahA~ dhravarUpa se aTala rahatA hai / jahA~ pramANa kA lakSaNa samajhAyA gayA hai vahA~ yahI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki sva aura para ko nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna hI pramANa hai / aise jJAnarUpa se pariNamana indriyAdikoM kA nahIM hotA hai kintu AtmA hI isa prakAra ke jJAnarUpa se pariNata ho jAtI hai / kyoMki AtmA pramAtA hai isaliye vahI svapara vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ke dvArA padArthoM ko jAnatI hai / yaha jo svapara vyavasAyAtmakarUpatA AtmA ke hue jJAnarUpa pariNamaga meM hai vahIM ajJAnanivRtti hai aura isa ajJAnanivRtti kA hI pariNamana hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA buddhi rUpa hai / isa para yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to mUlarUpa meM yahI candraprabhA kI taraha prakAzita hotI huI pratIti anubhava meM AtI hai ki jJAnarUpa pramANa kA aura usake phala kA tAdAtmya sambandha eka usI AtmA ke sAtha hai ki jisa AtmA meM pramANa rUpa jJAna ne jJaya viSayaka ajJAna kI nivRttirUpa sAkSAtphala aura hAnAdi rUpa paramparA phala ko utpanna kiyA hai| isa taraha jo AtmA-pramAtA svapara vyavasAyasvabhAva rUpa pramANa jJAna ke rUpa meM pariNata huA hai vahI usa pramANa jJAna ke phalarUpa se bhI pariNata hotA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki pramANa jJAna rUpa se pariNata koI AtmA ho aura usake phalarUpa se pariNata koI dUsarI AtmA ho| yahI pramANa aura usake phala kA eka AtmA meM tAdAtmya sambandha hai| isI sambandha kI apekSA pramANa aura usake phala meM abheda kahA gayA hai / jaba jJAnAvaraNAdi pratipakSI karmoM ke kSaya se AtmA meM anantajJAna-kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai yA inake kSayopazama se AtmA kSAyozamika jJAna se yukta hotI hai / usa samaya usa kSAyika jJAnarUpa kevalajJAna ke dvArA yA usa kSAyopazAmika jJAna ke dvArA kramazaH jo prakAza se andhakAra ke vilaya kI taraha

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra hai ajJAnanivRtti rUpa sAkSAtphala aura kevala samasta padArthoM meM upekSAbuddhi rUpa tathA hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA buddhi rUpa paramparA phala prApta huA karatA hai isase vaha pramAtA AtmA samasta padArthoM meM kevala upekSA buddhi ko, yA heya padArthoM meM hAna buddhi ko, upAdeya padArthoM meM upAdeya buddhi ko aura upekSaNIya padArthoM meM upekSA buddhi ko dhAraNa karatA hai| so ye saba buddhirUpa paryAyeM usI eka Atma dravya kI hI haiM / ataH isa apekSAvAda kI dRSTi se ye sanna pariNAmarUpa paryAyeM paraspara meM lakSaNa bheda kI apekSA bhinna-bhinna hone para bhI eka Atmadradaya meM apane tAdAtmya sambandha ko lekara abhinna hI haiM, ataH pramANa aura phala meM kathaMcit bhinnatA aura kathaMcit abhinnatA A jAtI hai / yaha to anubhava siddha hai ki jo pramAtA pratyakSAdi pramANa ke dvArA jisa kisI vastu kA nizcaya karatA hai yadi vaha vastu heya hai to use vaha chor3a detA hai, yadi vaha upAdeya hai to use grahaNa kara letA hai aura yadi vaha upekSaNIya hai to use upekSita kara detA hai isa taraha kA yaha phala eka hI AtmA meM hotA hai bhinna-bhinna AtmA meM nahIM / ataH jJAna aura jJAna kA phala eka Atmadravya meM ho jAyamAna hone ke kAraNa usa eka Atmadravya kI apekSA paraspara meM abhinna kahA gayA hai aura apane-apane lakSaNa bheda kI apekSA bhinna-bhinna bhI kahA gayA hai // 8 // sUtra-anyathA svetara pramANa phala vyavasthA na syAt / / 6 / / saMskRta TIkA-- pramANAtpramANaphalaM syAdbhinna syAdbhimnamiti pUrvokta paddhatyA pratipAdite'pi yadi kazcitsvamatavyAmohAdinA vyavasthA na svIkuryAt tahi tanmatAnusAreNa "ime pramANaphale svakoye ime ca parakIye" IdRzI yA tayo vyavasthA dRSTipathamAyAti sA kathamadhunA''gacchet sarvathA tasyA bhinnatve bhavyatvAbhAvAt / tathAhi yadi jinadattAtmani vidyamAnayoH pramANaphalayoH pramAtujinadattAtmanaH sakAzAdekAntato bhinnatvaM syAttadA tayoryathA devadattAdito bhinnatvaM tathaiva jinadattAdapi bhinnatvaM samAnameveti jinadatAtmani vidyamAne pramANaphale devadattasyApi kathaM na syAtAm / evaM devadattAtmani vidyamAne pramANaphale jinadattasyApi kathaM na syAtAm / ubhayatrApi pramANaphalayobhinnatvAvizeSAt / tasmAtpramANaphalayoH svakIya parakIya pramANaphala vyavasthA pratipattaye tayoreka pramAtRrUpAtmadravya tAdAtmyenAvasthitiravazyamabhyupagantavyeti / / 6 / / artha--jaisA ki anekAnta siddhAnta kI dRSTi se pramANya aura pramANa ke phala meM usakI bhinnatA aura abhinnatA ko lekara maulika vicAra candraprabhA kI taraha antaHkaraNa meM prakAzita hotA huA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai use yadi svIkAra na kiyA jAve to phira svakIya aura parakIya pramANa aura umake phala kI vyavasthA hI nahIM bana sakatI hai // 6 // hindI vyAkhyA-yuktipUrvaka yaha spaSTa rUpa se samarthita ho cukA hai ki pramANa aura usakA phala Apasa meM kisI apekSA se bhinna bhI hai aura kisI apekSA se abhinna bhI hai parantu phira bhI yadi koI isa pratipAdita huI paddhati ko apane mata ke vyAmoha se svIkAra na kare to yaha usake Upara sabase adhika vaja ke prahAra jaisI Apatti A jAtI hai ki "ye mere pramANa aura usake phala haiM, ye para ke pramANa aura usake phala haiM" aisI vyavasthA usake mantavyAnusAra nahIM bana sakatI hai| aisI vyavasthA ina donoM kI hotI nahIM hai aisA to kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai kyoMki aisA kathana to pratyakSa kA apalApa karane jaisA hai / pramANa aura usake phala ke sambandha meM svetara vyavasthA to pratyakSa se hI pratIti koTi meM AtI rahatI hai| phira aisA kase mAnA jA sakatA hai ki pramANa aura usake phala ke sambandha meM yaha byabasthA sAvita nahIM hotI hai| hA~, jo pramANa ke phala ko sarvathA Apasa meM bhinna hI mAnate haiM unake hI mantavyAnusAra isa sambandha meM aisI Apatti A sakatI hai ki jinadatta kI AtmA meM vidyamAna pramANa aura usake phala meM yadi usase ekAntataH bhinnatA hai to usI prakAra se vaha bhinnatA una donoM kI devadatta Adi se bhI hai to phira isa sthiti meM yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ye pramANa aura phala jinadatta kI AtmA ke haiM, devadatta kI AtmA

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134 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya sUtra, 10 ke nahIM haiM, ataH svetara pramANa phala kI vyavasthA meM gar3abar3I nahIM prApta hone pAve isake lie ina donoM kA avasthAna eka dravyarUpa AtmA meM mAnakara isa apekSA ina donoM meM abhinnatA kI mAnyatA nirdoSa mAnanI cAhie tathA apane-apane svarUpa kI apekSA inameM bhinnatA bhI hai aisA bhI mAnanA cAhie / isa kathana se yaha bhI samajha lenA cAhie ki apane-apane svarUpa kI apekSA sAkSAt phala aura paramparA phala meM bhinnatA aura Atmadravya meM ina donoM kA tAdAtmya hone kI apekSA abhinnatA hai / / 6 // sUtra-svaparanizcaye sAdhakatamatvAtsAkSAtphale pramANasyaiva vAraNatvam // 10 // saMskRta TokA-pUrva svapara vyavasAyAtmaka jJAnarUpa pramANasyAjJAnanivatti rUpa sAkSAtphalena saha kathaMcidabhinnatvaM sAdhayitu kAryakAraNarUpa hetuhetumadbhAvaH pratipAditaH tatra pramANasya karaNatvaM phalasya ca sAdhyatvaM dyotayitu prathama pramANasya karaNatvamAha-"svapara nizcaye sAdhakatamatvAdityAdinA mUtreNa, atizaya sAdhakatamaM karaNamucyate / svapara nizcaye karaNarUpa jJAnasyaiva sAdhakatvamAyAti natvajJAnarUpasya sannikarSAde nayana manasoprApyakAritvAditi / tatra pramANatAbhAvAt jJAnasyaiva ca pramANatvAt / yathA kASThacchedana kriyAyAM kuThArAdiH karaNaM tasmin kuThArAdau UdhvotpannAdhaHpatanAdirUpa vyApArabatvAt na kuThAra prayoktatvaSTari / evameva svapara vyavasitirUpAjJAnanivRttI sAkSAtphale pramANapajJAnasyaitra dhAraNatvamAyAti na pramAtaryAtmani sAdhanarUpe karaNe atizayatvantu tadvyApArAvyavahitottara kAlAvanchedena kriyArUpaphala niSpAdakatvAdeva bodhyam / yathA-"devadattaH kuThAreNa kASThaM chinatti" ityatra chedanarUpa kriyAyA nimpattiH sAkSAt tadvyApArAnantara kAle eva samupalabdhA satI dRzyate / evameva prakRte'pi pramAturAtmano ghaTapaTAdi viSayeNa saDendriyAdi saMyogAnantara kAle eva sAkSAtphalampa kriyAyAH niSpattirjAyamAnA samupalabhyate / ataH chidikriyAmeva svapara vyavasitirUpa kriyAM prati kuThAravat pramANarUpajJAnasyaiva karaNatvaM nigadita nAnyatra sannikarSAdAviti / / 10 / / artha-sAkSAt phala aura pramANa rUpa jJAna meM kArya kAraNa bhAva hone se kathaMcit bhinnatA kA pratipAdana pIche 7vaM sutra dvArA kiyA gayA hai / usI vAta kA samarthana karane ke liye sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki svapara nizcaya rUpa jo ajJAnanivRtti hai- bahI pramANa kA sAkSAt phala hai| isa phala ke prati sAkSAtkaraNatA pramANa rUpa jJAna meM hI AtI hai anya meM nahIM kyoMki kriyA ke prati jo atizaya sAdhaka hotA hai vahI karaNa kahalAtA hai| prazna-indriya aura artha ke sambandha se jAyamAna sannikarSa se hI padArtha viSayaka ajJAna kI vinivRtti rUpa sAkSAt phala hotA huA pratIti koTi meM AtA hai ataH santrikarSa ko hI pramitirUpa ajJAnanivRtti ke prati sAdhakatama mAnanA cAhiye jJAna ko nahIM ? uttara-aisA nahIM kahanA cAhiye- kyoMki sUtrakAra ne jo "pramANasyaiva" aisA pada sUtra meM rakhA hai usase unhoMne anyatothika janoM dvArA mAnya jitane bhI pramANa haiN| una saba kI vyavacchitti kI hai aura eka jJAna meM hI pramANatA vyavasthita kI hai sannikarSa meM pramANatA kA kathana isaliye nahIM kiyA gayA hai vaha acetana hone se svapara kA nizcAyaka nahIM hotA hai, jJAna cetana svarUpa hai aura isI kAraNa vaha svapara kA nizcAyaka hotA hai, isI ko pramitirUpa kriyA ke prati sAdhakatamatA kahA gayA hai, "indriyArtha sambandhaH sannikarSaH" indriya aura padArtha ke sambandha kA nAma hI sannikarSa hai, aisA yaha sannikarSa cakSu evaM mana ke sAtha ghaTita nahIM hotA hai kyoMki ye donoM indriyA~ apane viSayabhUta padArthoM se sambandhita nahIM hotI haiN| cakSu indriya meM aprApyakAritA kA kathana prazna-parzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura karNa, ye indriyA~ to apane viSayoM ke sAtha sambandhita hotI

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 10 haiM tabhI jAkara ye apane-apane viSaya ko jAnatI haiM isI prakAra cakSu aura mana ko bhI jaba apane-apane viSaya kA jJAtA mAnA gayA hai to inakA bhI sambandha padArthoM ke sAtha kyoM nahIM mAnA jAyegA ? jaba yaha siddhAnta sthApita ho cukA hai ki indriyA~ binA apane viSaya ke sAtha sambandhita hue padArtha ko nahIM jAnatI haiM to phira Apa isa viSaya meM mIna mekha lagAne vAle kauna hote haiM ? 135 uttara- aisA Apa kisa AdhAra ko lekara kahate haiM ki indriyA~ apane viSaya ko padArthoM ke sAtha sambandhita hokara hI una padArthoM ko jAnatI haiM, yaha siddhAnta sthApita ho cukA hai| yadi yahI siddhAnta sthApita ho jAtA to hama bhI use svIkAra kara lete| kAmala roga vAlA yadi sapheda padArtha ko pIlA dekhatA hai to isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hotA hai ki sabhI ko usakI bAta mAna lenI caahie| sparzana, rasanA Adi indriyA~ prApyakArI mAnI gaI hai isalie ye apane-apane viSayabhUta padArthoM ke sAtha bhir3akara padArtha kA jJAna karAtI haiN| cakSu aura mana prApyakArI nahIM mAne gaye haiM ataH ye indriyA~ apane-apane viSayoM ke sAtha sambandhita nahIM hotI haiN| yadi cakSu indriya ko prApyakArI mAnA jAve to zAkhA aura usakI oTa rahe hue candramA kA jo eka sAtha grahaNa hotA hai vaha nahIM honA cAhie | prazna - aisA kauna kahatA hai ki eka sAtha ina donoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| vaha to kramazaH hI hotA hai / uttara- to phira usa grahaNa meM kAlakrama kA anubhava honA cAhiye parantu nahIM hotA / ataH eka sAtha hI ina donoM kA grahaNa hotA hai aisA hI mAnanA caahie| prazna- ati sUkSma hone se vahA~ kAlakrama kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai| ataH zAkhA aura usakI oTa meM rahe hue candra kA grahaNa kramazaH hotA huA bhI yugapat huA hai aisA bhrama se jJAta hotA hai / uttara- aisA nahIM hai / kyoMki prApyakArI indriyoM meM viSayakRta upaghAta aura anugraha avazya jJAta hotA hai / jaise kaThora kambala Adi ke sparza se sparzana indriya meM, kaDavI auSadhi Adi ke svAda se rasanA indriya meM, apavitra durgaMdhita padArtha ke sUMghane se ghANa indriya meM aura bherI Adi ke zabdoM ke zravaNa se karNa indriya meM gar3hanA Adi rUpa upaghAta tathA candana evaM aGganA Adi padArthoM ke sparza se sparzana indriya meM, zakkara Adi ke svAda se rasanA indriya meM, sugandha ke ghane se ghrANa indriya meM, madhura zabdoM ke zravaNa se karNa indriya meM, zItalatA Adi rUpa anugraha pratyeka jana ko spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hote haiN| isa prakAra se ye upaghAta aura anugraha netra indriya meM apane viSaya dvArA hote hue anubhava meM nahIM Ate, karoMta Adi ke dekhane se A~khoM meM na to ciranA Adi rUpa upaghAta pratIta hotA aura na candana yA aguru Adi zItalatAdAyaka padArthoM ke darzana mAtra se unameM zItalatA Adi rUpa anugraha mAlUma hotA hai| ataH yaha kapola kalpita cakSu indriya kI prApyakAritA ko avazya tyAga kara denA caahie| prazna - isa prakAra kI mAnyatA se ki viSayakRta upaghAta aura anugraha vakSa indriya meM pratIta nahIM hote haiM ataH vaha aprApta artha ko hI jAnatI hai 'zrotra aura prANa' indriya meM bhI yahI bAta spaSTa anubhAvita hotI hai / ye bhI apane-apane viSaya ko isa prakAra se prApta hokara nahIM janAtI haiM to phira inameM bhI prApyakAritA ko tyAga denA cAhiye / uttara-- bAta to ThIka hai, karNa indriya aura prANa indriya apane-apane viSaya ko viSaya deza meM jAkara nahIM janAtI haiM phira bhI jo inake dvArA inakA prahaNa hotA hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zabda aura

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136 vyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 10 gandha paugalika hone se kriyA (gamana) yukta haiM ataH ye svayaM apane ko viSaya karane vAlI indriyoM ke pAsa anukUla vAyu Adi dvArA prerita hokara Ate haiM aura unake dvArA janAye jAte haiM / prazna- cakSu indriya meM bhI bAhya dravya ke sambandha se upadhAna aura anugraha hote hue pratIta hote haiN| adhika dera taka sUrya kI ora dekhane se netroM meM cakAcauMdhI chA jAtI hai / cilakatI huI cIja dekhane se netroM se pAnI jharane lagatA hai| isI taraha harI vanaspati Adi dekhane se netroM meM zItalatA Adi kA bhI anubhava hotA hai, tathA-- yaha to pratyakSa siddha hI hai ki kisI vyakti kI duHkhatI huI A~khoM ko dekhane se dekhane vAloM kI A~khoM meM pAnI bhara AtA hai / uttara - hama yaha to niSedha nahIM karate haiM ki cakSu meM dUsare padArthoM dvArA upaghAtAdika nahIM hote haiM / dekhane vAlA vyakti aba netra dvArA sUrya aura svabhAvataH zItala candramA Adi padArthoM ko bahuta dera taka dekhatA rahatA hai to yaha svAbhAvika bAta hai ki usa virakAla taka ke nirIkSaNa ke sambandha se sparzana indriya kI taraha netra indriya meM bhI jalana aura zItalatA jaisI anubhAvita hotI hai| isase vaha bAta to siddha nahIM hotI ki cakSu padArtha ko prApta kara usakA prakAzaka hotA hai| hama to kevala utanA hI kahate haiM ki jisa taraha anya indriyA~ padArthoM se bhir3akara apane-apane viSayabhUta padArthoM kA prakAzana karatI haiM usa taraha cakSu indriya padArthoM se bhir3akara yA padArthoM ke sthAna taka jAkara unheM prakAzita nahIM karatI hai aura na padArtha hI cakSu sthAna taka Akara usake dvArA janAyA jAtA hai, mAtra padArtha ke rUpa ko banAte samaya usa dvArA cakSu indriya meM kisI bhI prakAra kA upaghAta anugraha nahIM hotA hai / draSTA jaba adhika dera taka padArthoM kA avalokana karatA rahatA hai tabhI yaha hotA hai, mAtra dekhane para nahIM / ataH upaghAtaka dravyoM dvArA upaghAta ke aura anugraha ke dravyoM dvArA anugraha hone ke hama cakSa meM niSekSaka nahIM haiM / prazna -- muktAvalI meM aisA kahA gayA hai 'cakSustejasaM rUpAdInAM madhye rUpasyaiva prakAzakatvAt pradIpavat' arthAt pradIpa kI taraha cakSu indriya se razmiyA~ nikalatI haiM aura ve padArthoM se bhir3akara prakAzita karatI haiM / ye atyanta sUkSma hotI haiM aura svayaM tejasa rUpa hotI haiM / uttara - cakSa indriya meM svatantra koI tejasa razmiyA~ haiM aura ve usa indriya se nikalakara usakA prakAzana karatI haiM yaha saba eka kalpanA mAtra hI hai| isameM pramANa kucha bhI nahIM hai, ataH cakSu, indriya aprApta artha kA hI prakAzana karatI hai yaha yuktiyukta bAta avazya avazya svIkAra karanI cAhie / yadi ca cakSa prApta artha kA prakAzana karatI hai yahI bAta mAnI jAve to phira apane meM lage hue ajanAdika kA prakAzana usI ke dvArA spaSTa rUpa se ho jAnA cAhie parantu aisA nahIM hotA hai / prazna-- yadi cakSu indriya ko aprApyakAro mAnakara padArtha ko prakAzita karane vAlI mAnI jAve to isameM eka yaha bar3A bhArI doSa AtA hai ki jisa samaya vaha aprApta hokara ghaTa ko prakAzita karatI hai usI samaya usake dvArA paTa kA bhI prakAzana ho jAne kA prasaGga prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra se niyAmaka niyama ke abhAva meM eka hI sAtha vivakSita avivakSita samasta padArtha kA prakAzana usake dvArA hone se kisI bhI padArtha kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakegA parantu aisA to hotA nahIM hai kyoMki jisa padArtha ko hamArI 1 isake lie sthAdvAdaratnAkarAvatArikA meM carcita isa prakaraNa ko dekhanA cAhie | 2. 'jala' jala tAyamaM jaNarajomalAI / pecchejJa, jaM na gAsai agatakAritao cAlu / " - vizeSyAvazyaka bhAgya pR0 127

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 10 137 cakSu indriya prApta hokara batAtI hai use hI hama jAnate haiM, anya ko nhiiN| kAraNa ki use usane prApta hokara prakAzita nahIM kiyA hai / uttara - yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki cakSu indriya meM itanI yogyatA nahIM hai ki vaha eka hI sAtha samasta padArthoM kA prakAzana kara sake kyokiM cAkSuSapratyakSa meM utanI hI yogyatA hai ki vaha sambaddha aura vartamAna apane yogya pratiniyata padArthoM ko hI jAnatA hai anya ko nahIM / kAraNa ki aisI usameM zakti nahIM hai isakA bhI kAraNa yahI hai ki usake pratibandhaka rodhaka jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmoM kA sadbhAva hai ataH cakSa, indriya aprApta artha kI prakAzaka hai aisI mAnyatA ho yuktiyukta hai / mana meM aprApyakAritA kA kathana isI prakAra se mana bhI aprApyakArI hai / dravyamana aura bhAvamana ke bheda se mana do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| bhAvamana jIva svarUpa aura dravyamana manovargaNAoM se niSpanna hone ke kAraNa paudgalika kahA gayA hai / cakSa indriya meM jisa prakAra padArthakRta upaghAta aura anugraha nahIM hote haiM usI prakAra mana meM bhI padArthakRta upaghAta aura anugraha siddha nahIM hote haiM / bhAvamana kA kAma vicAranA hai aura isa vicAra meM sahAyatA pahu~cAnA dravyamana kA kAma hai / kucha prazna - bhAvamana to jIva svarUpa hai ataH usakA deha se bAhara nikalanA azakya hai isa para hamArA bhI nahIM kahanA hai, parantu dravyamana ke jo ki paudgalika acetana hai usake bAhara nikalane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / yaha ThIka hai ki usakA kAma svayaM vicArane kA nahIM hai yaha to bhAvamana kA hI hai parantu jisa prakAra pradIpAdika padArthoM ko nimitta kara hama ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM ko jAnate haiM / usI prakAra dravya mana kI sahAyatA se jIva padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / niSkarSa kahane kA yahI hai ki jisa prakAra pradIpAdika kI prabhA se sambandhita padArthoM ko jIva jAnatA hai usI prakAra dravyamama bhI deha se bAhara nikalakara jJaya padArthoM se sambandha karatA hai / pazcAt jIva usase sambandhita hue padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / ataH isa prakAra kI jJapti meM dravyamana meM karaNatA Ane se prApyakAritA siddha hotI hai / " loka meM yahI bAta caritArtha hotI hai ki "atra me manogatam" amuka jagaha merA mana gayA ! uttara- isa kathana se dravyamana meM prApyakAritA siddha nahIM hotI hai / yaha to hama bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki padArthoM ko jAnane meM jIva ke liye dravyamana sahAyaka hotA hai| isakI sahAyatA ke binA padArthoM kA jJAna hama tumako nahIM ho sakatA hai / isase yaha bAta kaise siddha huI ki vaha prApyakArI hai| karaNa do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka antaHkaraNa aura dUsarA bAhyakaraNa / AtmA ko padArthoM ke jAnane meM indriya aura mana abhyantara - antaHkaraNa haiN| pradIpa Adi padArtha Adi vAhyakaraNa haiM / bAhyakaraNoM kI samatA antaHkaraNa meM nahIM ho sakatI hai| bAhyakaraNa AtmA se sarvathA bhinna hai / AtmA unakI sahAyatA se ghaTapaTa Adi padArthoM ko jAnatI hai| taba ki mana aisA nahIM hai vaha to zarIra ke bhItara rahA huA hai / ataH zarIra ke bhItara rahe hue hI isakI sahAyatA se AtmA hama tuma saba padArthoM ko jAnate haiM / jisa prakAra antaHkaraNa sparzanAdi indriyA~ haiM AtmA zarIra ke bhItara rahI huI inakI sahAyatA se hI padArthoM ko jAnatI hai / ataH yaha kahanA ki jisa prakAra pradIpAdikoM kI sahAyatA lekara padArthoM ko jIba jAnatA hai usI prakAra mana kI sahAyatA lekara jIva padArthoM ko jAnatA hai ataH usameM karaNatA Ane se dravya mana meM prApya - kAritA siddha hotI hai so yaha prApyakAritA kI siddhi karAne meM koI mahatva kI bAta nahIM hai| isase to 1. bahirnirgatena manasA prApya viSayaM jJAnAti jIvaH karaNatvAt pradIpa prabhayeva / ( vi0 A0 bhA0 130 )

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138 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sutra 10 yahI siddha hotA hai ki jisa prakAra padArtho ke prakAza karane meM pradIpAdikoM meM karaNatA-sahAyakatA AtI hai| usI prakAra ghaTa paTAdika padArthoM ko prakaTa karAne meM mana-dravyamana meM karaNalA AtI hai jo hameM abhISTa hI hai / "manasA ahaM jAnAmi" maiM-AtmA--mana se padArthoM ko jAnatA hU~ | prazna-Apane jo abhI aisA kahA ki cakSa indriya kI taraha mana meM jJaya padArthoM ko jAnate samaya unake dvArA bahA~ upadhAta aura anugraha nahIM hote so yaha bAta pratyakSa kA apalApa karane jaisI haiThIka pratIta nahIM hotA / cakSu meM jayakRta upacAta anugraha na ho usameM hameM koI bibAda nahIM, parantu mana meM inheM nahIM mAnanA yaha eka Azcarya jaisI bAta hai / yaha to anubhava meM AtA hai ki jaba iSTa padArtha kA sa samaya mana meM una padArthoM ke upakArAdika ke vicAra se eka prakAra kI becanI badatI hai| isI kA nAma mana kA upaghAta hai aura yaha usameM bAhya padArthoM dvArA hotA huA pratIta hotA hai / mana meM isa becainI ke anumApaka usake cihna svarUpa dehAthita kRzatA Adi hai / isI prakAra iSTa padArthoM ke saMyoga se mana meM eka prakAra kA harSollAsa hotA hai / yaha mana kA bAhya padArthakRta anugraha hai| mana meM harSollAsa hai yaha bAta bhI usa samaya meM mukha para chAyI huI prasannatA Adi se lakSita ho jAtI hai ataH mana meM bAhya padArthoM dvArA upaghAta aura anugraha hotA hai yaha bAta prasiva hI hai phira Apa isakA apalApa kaise karate haiM? uttara-yadi bAhya padArthoM dvArA dravya mana meM upaghAta aura anugraha hote hue prasiddha hote aura hama unheM na mAnate to yaha kahanA zobhita hotA ki Apa isakA apalApha kaise karate haiM / parantu ina donoM kI to vahA~ gandha taka bhI nahIM pahuMcatI hai| jo tumane pUrvokta rIti se mana meM upaghAta aura anugraha hone kI bAta kahI vaha mana meM na hokara ulTI usake dvArA AtmA meM hI prasiddha hotI hai / yathA-hRdaya deza meM niruddha bAyu jaise deha meM daurbalya Adi lakSaNoM ko utpanna karatI huI jIvoM ko kaSTakAraka hotI hai aura davA Adi jaise jvarAdika kA upazamana karatI huI jIvoM meM prasannatA kA hetu hotI hai isI prakAra dvanya mana se pariNata jo iSTa aura aniSTa pudgala haiM ve padArthoM ko iSTa aura aniSTa rUpa se vicAra karane meM jIba ke liye nimitta hoM usameM harSa aura viSAda ke kAraNa banakara usake anugrAhaka aura upaghAtaka hote haiM / isase yoM bhI samajha sakate haiM-jisa prakAra vRddha puruSa lakar3I kA sahArA pAkara calatA hai-.-yadi lakar3I use calane meM acchI taraha se sahAyaka hotI hai to vahI usake lie Ananda kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai aura yadi vaha calane meM ThIka-ThIka madada nahIM pahu~cAtI hai to vahI use kaSTa kAraka ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra mana bhI vicAraka AtmA ko dRSTa rUpa se padArthoM ke vicAra karane meM nimitta rUpa hokara jaba madada phuN| cAtA hai taba vaha AtmA usa iSTarUpa pariNata mana dvArA vicAra karane vAlA hone se usa padArtha ko iSTa mAnakara harSita hotA hai aura aniSTa rUpa pariNata mana dvArA jaba vaha padArthoM kA vicAra karatA hai taba vaha aniSTarUpa pariNata mana dvArA vicAra karane vAlA hone se una padArthoM ko aniSTa kalpita kara duHkhI hotA hai / ataH yaha jIva ko vicAra karane meM nimitta-sahAyaka hai, svayaM vicAraka nahIM / cintyamAna viSaya ke vicAra se upacAta yA anugraha jo kucha bhI hotA hai vaha iSTAniSTa viSaya ko vicAra karane vAle AtmA ko hI hotA hai dravya' mana ko nahIM kyoMki vaha acetana hone se avicAraka hai-jaise acetana pRSTa aniSTa AhAra ke sevana karane se prANiyoM ke zarIra kI puSTi aura apuSTi pratyakSa meM jJAta hotI hai / isI prakAra acetana paudgalika dravya mana bhI iSTa aura aniSTa kA vicAra karane vAle jova ke zarIra kI hAni aura puSTi kA kAraNa hotA hai / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai-zaGkAkAra ne dravyamAna meM bAhya padArthoM dvArA upaghAta aura anugraha hote haiM isa bAta kI puSTi yoM kI ki jaba mana iSTa padArtha kA vicAra karatA hai

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TokA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 10 136 taba usameM eka prakAra kA harSa hotA hai aura jaba kisI inTa ke viyoga kA smaraNa karatA hai to usase use eka prakAra kI Thesa pahu~catI hai| ina donoM bAtoM kI samarthaka deha meM usa samaya hone vAlI kRzatA aura mukha kI praphullatA Adi haiM / bAhya padArthoM kA mana para acche-bure rUpa meM asara par3atA hI hai yahI usameM una dvArA upapAta aura anugraha hai / isa para uttarakAra kA yaha kahanA hai ki dravyamana meM jo ki svayaM avicAraka hai--aura acetana hai usa para bAhya padArtha ke iSTAniSTa rUpa vicAra kA kucha bhI asara nahIM par3anA / kyoMki vicAraka to jIva hai / jIva ho dravyamana kI sahAyatA se miSTa padAdhI kA vicAra karatA hai / padArtha meM iSTa aniSTa yaha mAnyatA dravyamana kI sahAyatA se hI jIva meM udbhUta hotI hai / padArtha na svayaM 5 aura na aniSTa rUpa hai| iSTa pudgala paramANuoM se racita dravya mana dvArA jina padArthoM kA AtmA vicAra karatA hai ve use iSTa rUpa se aura jinakA aniSTa pudgala paramANuoM se racita mana dvArA vicAra karatA hai ve use aniSTa pratIta hote haiM, ataH jova meM ipTa aniSTa kalpanA kA janaka hone se davyamana hI khAye hAye iSTa aura aniSTa AhAra kI taraha jIvAdhiSThita deha meM kRpAtA aura praphullatA Adi kA kAraNa hotA hai / vicAroM kA asara AtmA meM hI hotA hai / pudgala dvArA jIvoM ke upakArAdika ke viSaya meM zrI umAsvAti kA yaha sUtra dekhanA cAhiye / ata: dravyamana se jIva meM hI upadhAna aura anugraha hote haiM: cintyamAna biSaya se mana meM nhiiN| phira bhI ye mana meM hote haiM aisI mAnyatA kA kAraNa mana ko jIva se kathaMcita abhinnatA hai| prazna-dravyamana paudgalaka hai isameM kyA pramANa hai ? uttara-dravyamana gaudgalika hai isameM anumAna pramANa hai / anumAna pramANa se hama yaha jAnate haiM ki dravyamana paudgalika hai / jaise agni ke sparza se huA phor3A agni kI dAhAtmaka zakti kA anumAeka hotA hai usI prakAra haNTa aura aniSTa vastu ke cintavana karane para hone vAlI vadana kI prasannatA aura deha kI durbalatA Adi rUpa anugraha aura upaghAta dravyamana meM paudgalikatva kI siddhi karate haiM / dravyamana yadi paudgalika na hotA to jisa prakAra apaudgalika AkAza Adi se upaghAta Adi nahIM ho sakate haiM usI prakAra saMjJI prANiyoM ko bhI iSTAniSTa vastu ke vicAra karane para jo badana meM prasannatA aura deha kI durbalatA Adi rUpa anugraha aura upaghAta pratIta hote haiM / ve nahIM honA cAhiye parantu hote to haiM / isame yaha anumita hotA hai ki dravyamana paudagalika hai / anugraha aura upaghAta Adi rUpa kArya vinA dravya mana meM paudgalikatA hue kathamapi sughaTita nahIM ho sakate haiN| prazna-dravya mana ke nimitta se upadhAta aura anugraha rUpa kArya jIvoM ke hote haiM, isalie dravyamana paudgalika hai, yaha bhI eka vilakSaNa bAta hai / kyoMki ye kArya to vidhArita viSaya se hI jIvoM meM dekhane meM Ate haiN| uttara---aisI bAta nahIM hai / yadi cintanIya viSayoM se upaghAta aura anugraha Adi kArya mAne jAveM to phira isI taraha jala, agni aura bhojana Adi kA vicAra karane para bhI kleda, dAha aura bubhukSA kI tRpti ho jAnI cAhie, parantu hotI nahIM hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki vicArita padArthoM dvArA upaghAta aura anugraha kucha bhI nahIM hote haiM ina padArthoM ke vicArane meM nimitta rUpa hue mana se hI aisA hotA hai| prazna--yaha kahanA ki inakI taraha kledAdika ho jAne cAhie / so aisA kahanA to usa samaya gyobhAspada mAnA jA sakatA thA ki jaba hama upaghAtAdika kA kAraNa padArthoM ko mAnate, kintu hamArA to 1. sukha-duHkha jIvita maraNopagrahApaca (natyArtha sU0 adhyAya 5) 2. sa: jIvasya bhavantapi cintyamAna viSayAt manasaH kila paro manyate tasya jIvAtkathaMcidavyatiriktatvAt (vizeSa bhA0 pR 131)

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nyAyaratna' : nyAparatAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 10 yaha kahanA hai ki padAryoM kA jo iSTAniSTAtmanA bicAra-jJAna hai usase hI upaghAta aura anugraha hote haiN| ataH jJAnakuta upaghAta aura anugraha mAnane se yaha kleda-dAha Adi kucha bhI nahIM ho sakate haiN| uttara-jJAna upaghAta aura anugraha kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / kyoMki vaha AtmA kA svarUpa hone se amUttika hai / amUttika padArtha AkAza kI taraha upadhAtAdika kAryoM kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| vyavahAra meM jo yaha kahA jAtA hai ki "cintayA jAtaM te zarIraM kRzam" he bacce ! cintA se terA zarIra kRza ho gayA hai / so kevala aupacArika hI kathana hai, vAstavika nhiiN| kyoMki cintA bhI to eka prakAra kA jJAna vizeSa hI hai, isase upadhAtAdika nahIM hote haiM / phira bhI jo aisA kahA jAtA hai usakA kAraNa kArya meM kAraNa zakti kA adhyAropa hai / kyoMki cintA-vicAra vizeSa kA nimittakAraNa AtmA ke lie iSTAniSTa pudgala rUpa se pariNata mana hI hai / ataH vaha cintA dravyamanarUpa hI hai isase yahI siddha hotA hai| prazna-jAgRta avasthA meM pana kA sambandha padArthoM ke sAtha yadi nahIM hotA hai to koI AkSepa jaisI vAta nahIM hai / parantu yaha to anubhava siddha bAta hai ki svapna meM mana' bAharI padArthoM se sambandha karatA hai / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to phira jo isa taraha kI svapna meM anubhUti jIvoM ko hotI hai ki "amutra meruzikharAdigata pANDakavanAdau madIya manogatama" marA mana mameruparvata ke zikhara sthitapANDaka vana Adi meM calA gayA so nahIM honI cAhie / svapna meM pratyeka prANI ko yaha anubhava meM AtA hai ki merA mana amuka jagaha amuka padArtha se saMlagna ho gayA jaisA hameM jAgRta avasthA meM usa padArtha kA bhAna hotA hai ThIka isI taraha svapna meM bhI usa padArtha kA jyoM kA tyoM bhAna hotA hai| uttara- yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / kAraNa ki isa taraha kI pratIti kA kAraNa bhrama hai / jaise svapna meM khAye gaye laDDU satya nahIM hote, kyoMki unake bhakSaNa se jagane para bhakSaka ko tRpti Adi kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotI / athavA-jaise zira para agmi lagAkara lakar3I ko cakrAkAra ghumAne se vaha agni bhrama se cakrAkAra pratIta hotI hai bAstava meM baha cakrAkAra nahIM hai, kyoMki jaba dhumAnA banda kara diyA jAtA hai taba baha acakrAkAra rUpa apane svarUpa meM hI sthita jJAta hotI hai, ThIka isI taraha se svapna meM upalabdha sa rUpa meM pratIta hote haiM ve usa rUpa meM nahIM haiM kyoMki jagane para inakA vaha rUpa pratIti meM nahIM AtA / jaise koI-koI prANI apane Apako svapna meM ur3ate hue bhI dekhate haiM to kyA yaha unakA dekhanA satya hai ? nahIM, kyoMki jisa samaya ve apane ko svapna meM ur3atA dekha rahe haiM, usI samaya unake pAsa meM rahe hue vyakti unheM vahIM para soyA huA hI dekha rahe haiM / ataH svapna meM jo kucha bhI pratIti hotI hai vaha jAgRta avasthA meM utkaTatA meM anubhUta padArthoM ke prabala saMskAra kI jAgRti se hI hotI hai--jAgRta avasthA meM manuSya jina saMskAroM se ota-prota hokara prabala bhAvanA se jo-jo kArya karatA hai-jina-jina bAtoM kI chApa usakI AtmA para jama jAtI hai ve hI dRzya use sinemA kI taraha svapnAvasthA meM pratIta hote haiM / ve dRzya vAstavika isalie nahIM haiM ki unase jo kucha phala honA cAhie vaha jAgRta avasthA meM pratIta nahIM hotA hai / jaba hama svapna meM zarAba kA Asevana karate hue apane Apako dekhate haiM to jagane para usakA nazA hameM pratIta nahIM hotaa| jaba hama svapna meM apanA sira kaTA huA dekhate haiM to kyA jagane para hameM hamArA sira kaTA huA pratIta hotA hai ? hA~, svapnopalabdha padArtha se yadi tRpti Adi kArya anubhavita hote to svapnopalabdha padArtha mAnA jAtA / parantu aisA nahIM hotA, isaliye vaha padArtha asatyArtha hai-bhrama se hI usakI pratIti usa samaya hotI hai| prazna-yadi svapnopalabdha padArtha asatyArtha mAnA jAve to phira svapmolandha kAminI Adi ke

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nyAyaranna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 11 prasaGga se jo vIrya kA skhalana ho jAtA hai vaha kyoM hotA hai ? isase yaha pratIti hotI hai ki svapnopalabdha padArtha se bhI kriyA kA phala pradarzita hotA hai / uttara-yaha saba usa svapnadraSTA kI hI tIna kAmuka bhAvanA kA phala hai| jisa prakAra koI kAmI jana kiso kAminI kA jAgRta avasthA meM tanmaya hokara smaraNa karatA hai-usakA dhyAna karatA hai aura maiM usakA sevana kara rahA hU~ isa prakAra apane Apako mAnatA hai aisI avasthA meM baha vyakti usa kAminI kA padArtha ke abhAva meM bhI jisa prakAra apanI utkaTa kAmuka bhAvanA ke bala se vIrya kI skhalanA se yukta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra svapna meM bhI bAstavika kAminI kI prApti ke abhAva meM bhI tIbra kAmukatA kI bhAvanA se kalpita kAminI Adi ke saGgama se skhalita vIryabAlA ho jAtA hai / yadi yaha vAta na ho to phira jagane para satyakAminI kI taraha nikaTa meM soyI huI usa kAminI kI prApti honI cAhiye aura jisake sAtha kAmasevana kiyA gayA hai usa strI ko bhI usakA anubhava ho jAnA cAhiye, athavA garbha raha jAnA cAhiye yA usake dvArA kiye gaye nakhakSata danta prahAra Adi kI bhI sevana karane vAle puruSa meM upalabdhi honI cAhiye / parantu yaha kucha bhI nahIM hotA ataH svapnopalabdha padArtha asatyArtha hai yaha mAnanA caahie| prazna- yadi svapnopalabdha padArtha asatyArtha haiM to phira jAgRta avasthA kI taraha usake nirIkSaNa se jo dekhane vAle ke harSAdika hote haiM ve nahIM honA cAhiye / uttara- una padArthoM kI upalabdhi se ve harSAdika nahIM hote haiM kintu una padArthoM kI upalabdhi se hone vAle sukhAviko kA jo anumapAna rUzAna hotA hai usase ve harSAdika hote haiM inakA hama niSedha nahIM karate, hama to sirpha isa bAta kA niSedha karate haiM ki una padArthoM kI upalabdhi se tRpti Adi kriyA rUpa phala prApta nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra se vakSa aura mana kA sambandha apane viSayabhUta padArthoM ke sAtha nahIM hotA hai isa kAraNa "indriyArtha sambandhaH sannikarSaH" yaha sannikarSa kA lakSaNa avyApti doSa se duSTa ho jAtA haiM / ataH isameM mukhya rUpa se pramANatA nahIM AtI hai, upacAra se bhale hI pramANatA isa meM rahe isakA hama niSedha nahIM karate haiM para mukhya rUpa se to pramANatA svapara kA nizcaya karane meM sAdhakatama bane hue pramANarUpa, jJAna meM hI AtI hai / yahA~ "pramANasyaba" meM jo evakAra pada AyA hai anyayogavyavacchedaka hai / isakA phala pUrvokta rUpa se jisa prakAra se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra se nirvikalpAdika jo jJAna haiM unameM bhI svapara nizcayAtmaka kriyA ke prati sAdhakatamatA nahIM hai, aisA jAna lenA cAhiye / vistAra ho jAne ke bhaya se aba aura adhika nahIM likhatA huuN| pramANa rUpa jJAna meM svapara-vyavasAyAtmaka kriyA ke prati karaNatA isalie AtI hai ki vaha usameM sAdhakatama hotA hai jaise "koI vyakti kuThAra se kASTha ko chedatA hai" yahAM para chedanarUpa kriyA meM sAdhakatama se karaNatA kuThAra meM AtI hai usa vyakti meM nahIM kyoMki vaha chedanarUpa kriyA kUThAra ke utpatana niHpatana kriyA ke avyavahita kAla meM hI niSpanna hotI huI dekhane meM AtI hai| isI taraha pramANarUpa jJAna ke dvArA hI ajJAnanivRttirUpa kriyA niSpanna hotI huI pratIta hotI hai ataH vahI usameM sAdhakatama kahA gayA hai, anya pramAtA Adi nahIM / avaziSTa TIkA kA artha sukhonneya hai ataH nahIM likhA hai / / 10 / / sUtra-tattu pramANaniSpAdyatvAkAryam // 11 / / saMskRta TIkA-pramANaniSpAdyatvAt-tat-sAkSAt phalam azAnanivRttirUpaM sAdhyam-pramANakAryam,

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142 nyAya ratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 12 pUrva pramANaphalayoH kathaJcida bhinnatvapratipAdanAvasare pramANapalayoH kAryakAraNa sambandhastaddhe tuH kathitaH, tazrAvyavahitapUrvasUtraNa pramANabhUtajJAne sAkSAtphalaM prati karaNatvAt kAraNatA samarthitA, anena sUtreNa tu sAkSAtphalabhUte'jJAnanivRttau kAryatvaM samarthya te, tattupramANa niSpAdyatvAt-pramANabhUta jJAna janyatvAt ityAdinA sUtraNa tatra pramANabhUta jJAnasyaitra karaNatva samarthanAt janyatvaM bodhyama yathA kuTArAdi karaNazAdhyA chidikriyA tasmAt kathaMcidabhinnA vyavahiyate evamevAjJAnanivattirUpaM sAkSAtphalamapi pramANataH kathaMcida bhinnaM bhavati tasyAH pramANasAdhyatvAt / / 11 / / hindI vyAkhyA-jaba yaha bAta acchI taraha se samarthita ho cukI hai ki pramANabhUta jJAna se hI ajJAnanivRtti rUpa sAkSAnphala utpanna hotA hai kyoki vahIM usake prati sAdhakatama hai to isa bathana se yaha bAta svataH siddha ho jAtI hai ki vaha ajJAnanivRttirUpa sAkSAt phala pramANabhUta jJAna dvArA sAdhya hone se usakA kArya hai| jahAM para kAryakAraNa bhAva hotA hai vahA~ kisI apekSA bhinnatA bhI hotI hai / jisa prakAra chidi-kriyA jo ki kuThAra se hI janya hotI hai apane karaNabhUta kuThAra se kathaMcit bhinna hotI hai / prazna-jana yaha bAta siddha ho jAtI hai to phira isake liye svatantra sutra banAne kI kyA AvazyakatA thI? uttara-matrakAra jIvoM kA jaise mI bhalA ho usI prakAra se unake bhanne hone kA upAya socA karate haiM / ThIka hai, vijJajana to purvokta kathana se yaha tAta jAna jAte niH ajAnanivRttirUpa kriyA pramANabhUta jJAna se hI sAdhya hotI hai ataH vaha usakI kAryabhUta hai, parantu jo abuddha haiM binA samajhAye nahIM samajhate haiM, unheM bhI to samajhAnA hai ataH unheM sagajhAne ke liye isa sUtra kA nirmANa sArthaka hai| sUtra-kriyA kriyAktomithaH syAdbhinnatvAbhinnatvena pramAturapi tasyAstadane kAnto neyaH / / 12 / / saMskRta TIkA-pratiniyata kriyA kriyAvadabhAba prasaGgApattitaH kriyA bhiyAvato na sarvathA bhinnA, nApi ca sarvathA'bhinnA, yadi kriyA kriyAvataH sarvathA bhinnA syAttadA sambandhAbhAvato'syaiva kiyAvataH karturiya kriyA nAnyasyeti pratiniyata vyavasthA na syAt, pratiniyata vyavasthAyaryA ca na sarvathA tasyAM tadvato bhinnatvamAyAti, yadi sA svAthayato'bhinnA bhavati tadA'pi kriyAzraya mAtra kriyAmAtra vA vAstavikaM bhavet natu tadubhayam, tasmAt svAbhayataH sA kathaMcidbhinnAbhinnA'GgI kartavyA kriyAvataH kartuH kriyAyAzca sAdhya sAdhaka bhAvena upalambhAt, kathaMcit sA tasmAd bhinnA, kriyArUpeNa kriyAvataH, kattureva pariNatatvAt kathaMcit sA tasmAdabhinnA, svapara vyavasi tirUpA ajAna nivRti kriyA AtmAzrayaitrotpadyate pramANabhUta jJAnenAtastasyAM kriyAyAM tasya sAdhakAlvAt kriyAyAzca sAdhyatvAt ubhayoH sAdhya sAdhapha bhAvena syAdbhinnatvaM, pramitezcAjJAnanivRtti rUpAyAH pramAtuzca parasparamabhedAtkathaM cidabhinnatvamiti / ___artha-kriyA aura kriyAvAna padArtha meM kathaMcit bhinnatA aura kathaMcita abhinnatA hotI hai, sarvathA bhinnatA yA sarvathA abhinnatA nahIM hai isa siddhAnta ke anusAra pramAtA AtmA se bhI ajJAnanivRtti Adi rUpa kriyA kathaMcita bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hotI hai, aisA anekAmna ina donoM meM sthApita kara lenA caahie| hindI vyAkhyA-yadi kriyA aura kriyAvAna padArtha meM paraspara meM sarvathA bhinnatA mAnI jAve to yaha kriyA isa kriyAvAn padArtha kI hai anya kI nahIM hai aisA vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki ziyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha kA isa prakAra ke vyavahAra kA hetubhUta vahAM koI sambandha to hai hI nahIM kyoMki ve to Apasa meM bilakula bhinna-bhinna hI haiM, yadi yaha kriyA isI kriyAvAna padArtha kI hai anya kI nahIM hai isa

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nyAyaratna : nyAya ratnAvalI TokA :paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 13 prakAra se yadi kriyA kI kriyAvAn padArtha ke sAtha pratiniyata vyavasthA ThaharAI jAtI hai to kriyA meM apane kriyAvAn padArtha se sarvathA bhinnatA siddha nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra yadi kriyA kriyAvAn padArtha se sarvathA abhinna mAnI jAve to vahA~ para yaha kriyA hai aura yaha kriyAvAn padArtha hai isa prakAra kI bheda pratIti nahIM ho sakatI hai yA to kriyA kI hI pratIti hogI yA kriyAvAn padArtha kI hI pratIti hogI, donoM kI yugapatpratIti nahIM hogI / isaliye kriyA kriyAvAn meM paraspara meM kaJcit bhinnatA yA kathaJcit abhinnatA svIkAra karanI cAhiye / kathaMcin nA to isaliye svIkAra karanI cAhiye ki kriyAvAna meM aura kriyA meM paraspara meM sAdhya sAdhaka bhAva upalabdha hotA hai, kriyAvAn sAdhaka aura kriyA sAdhya hotI hai, isa sambandha kI apekSA inameM bhinnatA aura priyA rUpa se hI to pariNamana kriyAvAn padArtha kA hotA hai| ataH isa sambandha se vaha kriyAvAn se kathaJcit abhinna hai, esA bAta mAnanA cAhiye / prakRta meM pramAtA ke Azraya pramANabhUta jJAna ke dvArA jo ajJAnanivRttitpa kriyA utpara kI jAtI hai vaha usakA sAdhaka hotA hai aura kriyA sAdhya hotI hai / isa taraha pramAtA AtmA meM aura ajJAnanivRttirUpa pramiti priyA meM sAdhya-sAdhaka bhAva upalabdha hone se kathaMcit paraspara meM bhinnatA hai aura isApramitirUpa kriyA rUpa se AmA hI pariNamita hotI hai. isa apekSA una donoM meM kathaMcit abhinnatA hai| jisa prakAra chidi kriyA meM devadatta sAdhaka hotA hai aura kuTAra sAdhakatama hotA hai usI prakAra pramitirUpa kriyA meM AtmA sAdhaka aura pramANabhUta jJAna sAdhakatama hotA hai / parantu pramANabhUta jJAna se pariNamana AtmA kA hI hotA hai aura usI jJAna ke dvArA janya pramiti kriyA mrUpa se pariNata AtmA hI hotI hai. isa apekSA pramAlA AtmA aura pramiti kriyA meM paraspara meM kathaMcid bhinnatA aura kathaJcit abhinnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / / 12 / / sUtra-pramANa phala vyavahAroktiyo'bhipretAunabhipretasAdhana paNatvAnyathAnupapatteH / / 13 // saMskRta TIkA-pramANa tatphalayoH parasparaM kathaJcibhinnatvamAbhinnatvaM ca pratipAdya svamata vyAmohAda nAdi kazcidevaM vAt yat pramANa phalAdirUpa vyavahAro na pAramArthiko vitathatvAt tadA sUtrakAreNoktaM pramANa phalAdi rUpo'yaM vyavahAro na vitathaH svAbhipreteSTa sAdhakanasyAnabhipretAniSTa dUSaNasya ca vyavasthAM kata mazakpavAt / nahi vAGa mAtreNa svAbhipreta siddhirbhavatumahIM sarveSAM sveTa tattva siddhi prasaGgAt atha cen svapakSasaMsiddhaye kimapi pramANabhaGgI kurute hi tatra tenA vitathatA svIkata'cyA bhavati / no cetsvapakSa siddhiH kathamiva bhavet / ataH svamata vyAmohaM parityajya pramANaphala vyavahAraH pAramArthika eveti mantavyam tathA ca sati "sarva evAyamanumAnAnumeya vyavahAro buddha yA rUvena dharmami bhAvena na bahiH sadasattvamapekSate' iti kathanaM na zobhate / artha--yaha pramANa aura yaha pramANa kA phala hai, aisA jo vyavahAra hai vaha avitatha-pAramArthikavAstavika hai / yadi ise vAstavika na mAnA jAya to phira sva-pakSa kI siddhi aura para-pakSa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-pramANa aura usake phala meM kazcit bhinnatA aura kathaJcit abhinnatA kA pratipAdana acchI taraha se kara diyA gayA hai| aba yadi koI svamata ke vyAmoha se pramANa aura usake phala ke vyavahAra ko apAramArthika-kAlpanika mAnakara aisA kahatA hai ki pramANaphalAdi rUpa jo vyavahAra

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sutra 13 hai vaha vAstavika nahIM hai-jhUThA hai to isakI isa mAnyatA ko haTAne ke lie sUtrakAra dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki yadi yaha pramANa phalAdi rUpa vyabahAra vAstavika na mAnA jAve to yaha tumhArA pakSa "pramANa phalAdi rUpa vitatha hai" kisa AdhAra se yaha siddha ho sakatA hai ? aura pramANa phala ko bAstavika mAnane vAloM kA pakSa kisa AdhAra se khaNDita kiyA jA sakatA hai ? sva-pakSa kI siddhi aura para pakSa kA nirAkaraNa kahIM kahane mAtra se sAdhita yA dUSita nahIM hotA hai / yadi aisA hone lage to phira kyA hai ? saba hI apane-apane pakSa kI siddhi vAle ho jAyeMge / yadi pramANa phala kA vyavahAra avAstavika hai, yaha pakSa pramANa se sAbita kiyA jAtA hai to isa sAbita karane vAle pramANa meM kA pAnI par3egI bhAramArthikatA nahIM, nahIM to phira apAramArthika pramANa se pramANaphala vyavahAra meM apAramArthikatA kaise siddha kI jA sakatI hai| isalie apane mata kA vyAmoha chor3akara pramANaphala vyavahAra pAramArthika hI hai aisA mAnanA caahie| jaba pramANaphala bAstabika hai yaha bAta svIkRta ho jAtI hai to phira yaha kathana ki 'anumAna aura anumeya Adi rUpa jitanA bhI vyavahAra hai vaha saba kAlpanika hai, vAstavika nahIM hai.' kaise suhAvanA mAnA jA sakatA hai| prazna-pramAtA, prameya, pramANa aura pramini ye latva catuSTaya vastutaH abAstavika hI haiM kyoMki pramAtA-AtmA kA astitva siddha karane vAlA koI pratyakSAdi pramANa hai hI nhiiN| AtmA indriyajanya jJAna se jAnA nahIM jAtA hai isalie usakA grAhaka pratyakSA pramANa to ho sakatA nahIM hai| yadi kahA jAve ki ahaM pratyaya rUpa mAnasa pratyakSa se usakA astitva siddha hotA hai so baha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki maiM gorA hai, maiM kAlA hai ityAdi rUpa se ahaM pratyaya to zarIra ke Azrita bhI hotA hai tathA yadi ahaM pratyaya se AtmA kA astitva jAnA jAtA hai to ahaM pratyaya sadA hote rahanA cAhie, kabhI-kabhI nahIM honA caahie| kyoMki tumhArI mAnyatAnusAra AtmA to sadA vidyamAna hI rahatA hai| anumAna pramANa se bhI AtmA nahIM jAnI jAtI hai kyoMki AtmA kA koI aisA avinAbhAvo liGga nahIM hai ki jisake bala para AtmA grAhaka anumAna kA utthAna ho sake / AgamoM meM paraspara aikya mata nahIM hai| koI Agama padArtha ko koI rUpa se pratipAdita karatA hai to koI Agama usI padArtha ko aura dusare rUpa se pratipAdita karatA hai / bAhma prameya padArtha kA jaba vicAra kiyA jAtA hai to usakI bhI sattA siddha nahIM hotii| kevala anAdikAlIna bAsanA ke bala para hI ardhAbhAva meM bhI svapna jJAna kI taraha artha kA jJAna hotA hai / svaparAvabhAsI jJAna pramANa mAnA gayA hai / jaba padArtha hI nahIM hai to vaha kisakA grAhaka hogaa| pramANa ke abhAva se usakI phalarUpa jo pramiti hai vaha bhI aba kase siddha ho sakegI? isa taraha pramAtA Adi tattva catuSTaya kA abhAva mAnane vAle mAdhyamika bauddha ke siddhAnta ko lakSya meM rakhakara isa sUtra kA sUtrakAra me nirmANa kiyA hai| isake dvArA tattva catuSTaya kI siddhi kI jAkara pramANa aura usake phala kA jo vyavahAra hai use avitatha-kAlpanika nahIM kahakara pAramArthika kahA gayA hai| hemacandrAcArya ne isa viSaya para aisA kahA kahA hai - binA pramANaM paravanna zUnyaH svapakSasiddha: padamaznubIta / kupyet kRtAntaH spRzate pramANamaho muddaSTaM tvadasUyidRSTam / / -syAdvAda maMjarI, 17 mAdhyamika ne zUnyavAda kI sthApanA ke lie jo kahA hai vaha svayaM zUnya rUpa hai yA azUnya rUpa hai / yadi zUnya rUpa hai to qhara viSANa kI taraha vaha zUnyatA kI siddhi nahIM kara sakatA hai aura yadi azUnya 1 bAhyo na vidyate kazida, yathA bAla vilpyane / dAsanA luThitaM nita mabhiAne pravartate / / 1 / /

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA: paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 14 rUpa hai to svavacana bAdhita ho jAtA hai / isI bAta ko lakSya meM rakhakara aisA kahA gayA hai ki yadi pramANa aura usake phala ke vyavahAra ko apAramArthika mAnA jAtA hai to svapakSa kA sAdhana aura parapakSa kA khaNDana karanA nahIM bana sakatA hai / jaba svapakSa kA mahAna oTa parapakSa kA stuNDana kiyA jAtA hai to usa sthiti meM pramANa-prameya-vyavahAra Akara svayaM upasthita ho jAtA hai / isase tattva catuSTaya kA jo khaNDana kiyA gayA hai, vaha zobhAspada nahIM kahalA sakatA hai| indriyajanya pratyakSa bhale hI AtmA kA grAhaka na ho isameM hameM bhI koI bAdhA nahIM hai parantu mAnasa pratyakSa rUpa ahaM prayatya se jo ki AtmA ke binA kamamapi ho nahIM sakatA hai AtmA kA sAdhaka hotA hai-zarIrAzrita jo ahaM pratyaya ho jAyA karatA hai usakA kAraNa zarIra AtmA ke atyanta nikaTavartI hai aura usakA upakAraka hai ataH priya naukara meM ahaM buddhi kI taraha yaha vahA~ aupacArika hI kahA gayA hai vAstavika nahIM / ahaM pratyaya jo AtmA meM sadA nahIM hotA hai usakA kAraNa upayoga kI asthiratA hai / jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga kahA gayA hai / ahaM pratyaya bhI eka prakAra kA upayoga hI hai / AtmA ke astitva ke jJApaka aneka avyabhicArI liGga haiM jinakA kathana AtmA ke astitva kA khyApana karane vAle jaina dArzanika granthoM meM vistAra ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha se AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi hotI hai / bAhya padArtha mAyopamarUpa nahIM hai aura na vaha svapna jJAna kI taraha asatya hI hai / sarvajJa kathita Agama meM kisI prakAra kA pArasparika virodha nahIM AtA hai / pramiti kA astitva svAnubhava se siddha hotA hai| isa.taraha tattva catuSTaya kA apalApa kathamapi nahIM ho sakatA hai / yadi inakA apalApa kiyA jAtA hai to satyavAdI ko mauna kA hI Azraya karanA cAhiye / anyathA pramANa aura usake phala vyavahAra ko pAramArthika mAnate hue svamata kA kadAgraha chor3a denA cAhie tabhI jAkara kisI apekSA zUnyavAda kA aura kisI apekSA azUnyavAda kA saMsthApana ho sakatA hai-ekAnta mAnyatA meM koI dhruva satyavAda nahIM bana sakatA hai / isI anekAnta vAda ko prakaTa karane ke liye "abhipretAnabhipreta sAdhana dUSaNatvAnupapatteH" isa hetvanta pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai // 13 // sUtra-tattallakSaNAdi vihInaM tattadvadyadavabhAsate tattadAbhAsaM taccaturvidhaM svarUpa saMkhyA viSaya 'phalAbhAsa bhedAt // 14 // saMskRta TIkA-svapara vyavasAyAtmakasya pramANabhUtajJAnasya svarUpaM, saMkhyA, viSayaM, phalaM ca vivicya tatto'nyada yada bhavati tatsarva tattadAbhAsaM rUpaM bhavatItyeva tAvata amanA satraNetaH prruupyte| pramANa svarupAdi viparIta svarUpAdistadAbhAso bhavatyataH pramANAbhAso'yaM caturvidho nigaditastathAhi-pramANasvarUpA bhAsaH (1), pramANa saMkhyAbhAsaH (2), pramANaviSayAbhAsaH (3), pramANa phalAbhAsapaceti (4) / pramANa lakSaNa rahitaH pramANalakSaNavat yadavabhAsate saH pramANasvarUpAbhAsaH asatpramANa svarUpamityarthaH, pratyakSamevaikaM pramANamityAdi parisaMkhyAnaM saMkhyAbhAsam vizeSamAtrameva vA sAmAnyamAtrameva vA, paraspara nirapekSa sAmAnya vizeSa eka vA pramANaviSaya ityevaM rUpo'bhyupagamaH pramANaviSayAbhAsaH, pramANAta pramANaphalamekAntato bhinnamevAbhinnamevavetyevaM rUpA mAnyatA pramANa phalAbhAsarUpA, eteSAM lakSaNAni yathAvasaraM vakSyante / hindI vyAkhyA pramANa kA svarUpa, pramANa kI saMkhyA, pramANa kA viSaya, aura pramANa kA phala jamA pratipAdita kiyA jA cukA hai--usase bhinna pramANa kA svarUpa, pramANa kI saMkhyA, pramANa kA viSaya, aura pramANa kA phala jaisA ki anya dArzanikajanoM dvArA mAnya haA hai-vaha saba kramazaHpramANasvarUpAbhAsa, pramANasaMkhyAbhAsa, pramANaviSayAbhAsa aura pramANaphalAbhAsa hai| sta aura para kA saMzayAdi doSoM se rahita hokara nizcaya karane pAlA jJAna hI pramANa kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai / jo isa lakSaNa me to bihIna ho kintu isa lakSaNa se yukta huA jasA pratIta ho vaha pramANasvarUpAbhAsa hai arthAt pramANa lakSaNa se rahita jo pramANa

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gyAvarana : nyAyaratnAvalo TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 15 hai vahI pramANasvarUpAbhAsa hai / maulika rUpa se jo pramANa to nahIM hai para pramANa ke jaisA pratIti koTi meM A rahA ho vahI pramANAbhAsa vAhalAtA hai / / jaise-emITezana motI- emITeMzana motI vAstavika motI nahIM hotA-nakalI hI motI hotA hai, para asalI motI ke jaisA pratIta hotA hai / isI prakAra pramANasvarUpa jo nahIM ho kintu nakalI hI pramANa ho para vaha asalI pramANa ke jaisA pratIta ho to vahI pramANAbhAsa hai jaise sannikarSAdi / sannikarSAdi pramANa acetana haiM ataH ve svavyavasAyAtmaka nahIM haiM, para ye pramANa ke jaise hI pratItikoTi meM Ate hai| pramANa ke bheda pratyakSa pramANa aura parokSa pramANa aise do hI mAne gaye haiN| para ina bhedoM ko na mAnakara kevala pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnane vAlI evaM kevala pratyakSa anumAna ko hI pramANa mAnane vAlI Adi rUpa jo mAnyatAe~ haiM ve saba pramANasaMkhyAbhAsa rUpa haiM, pramANa mAtra kA viSaya vizeSa aura sAmAnya dharmavAlA padArtha hI mAnA gayA hai kevala vizeSayukta yA kevala sAmAnya yukta koI padArtha nahIM mAnA gayA hai, para aisA kahanA ki kevala vizeSa ko hI pramANa viSaya karatA hai yA kevala sAmAnya ko hI pramANa viSaya karatA hai yA paraspara nirapekSa sAmAnya vizepa ko hI pramANa viSaya karatA hai yaha saba pramANa viSayAbhAsa hai| pramANa kA phala pramANa se kathaJcit bhinna aura kathaJcit abhinna mAnA gayA hai parantu aisA na mAna kara aisA mAnanA ki pramANa kA phala pramANa se sarvathA bhinna hI hai, yA sarvathA abhinna hI hai / ina pramANAbhAsoM para vivecana svayaM sUtrakAra Age karane vAle haiM, ataH yahA~ kevala mAmAnya rUpa se pramANAbhAsa aura usake bhedoM kAhI digdarzana karAyA gayA hai // 14 // sUtra-pramANasvarUpAbhAsA ajJAnAtmaka-banAtmaprakAzaka-sva-mAtrAvabhAsaka-nivikalpa samAropAH // 15 // saMskRta TokA-tatra caturvidhasya pramANAbhAsasyAdyabhedaM nirUpayituM sUtrakAreNedaM sUtramabhihitam / evaJca yat pramANasya svarUpamivAvabhAsate-pratIyate-tatpramANasvarUpAbhAsam / tat ajJAnAtmakAdibhedena paJcavidhamasti / tatra naiyAyikAdibhiH parikalpitaM ghaTapaTAdi viSayaH cakSarAdi saMyogAdirUpaM sannikarSAdika jar3atayA jJAnAtmakatvAt na jJAna vizeSa pramANa svarUpam apitu pramANa svarUpabadAbhAsamAnatvAdajJAnAtmaka pramANasvarUpAbhAsarUpaM bodhyam / etena svapara prakAzakatayA cetanadharmasya jJAnasyaiva pramANatA yukteti sUcitam / evameva svamAtrAvabhAsakaM jhAnam anuvyavasAya grAhya jJAnaM vA pramANasvarUpaM na bhavati sva para vyavasAyAtmakatvA'bhAvAt pramANasvarUpAbhAsarUpameva, tathaiva parAnavabhAsakaM kSaNika vijJAnamapi svamAnAvabhAsakatvena, darzanAtmakamapi nirvikalpaka jJAnaM vasta sAmAnya svarUpamAtra prakAzakatvena vastavizeSA grAhakatayA pramANasvarUpAbhAsAtmaka vijJeyam / evameva saMzayarUpaM viparyayarUpam anadhyavasAyarUpaM ca jJAnamapi samAroparUpatvAt pramANa svarUpa na saMbhavati samAropa viruddhasyaiva pramANasvarUpAbhyupagamAt // 15 / / hindI vyAkhyA-143 sUtra dvArA jo pramANAbhAsa cAra prakAra kA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai usI pramANAbhAsa kA pahalA bheda jo pamANasvarUpAbhAsa hai usake viSaya meM hI isa sUtra dvArA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki pramANa kA yathArtha lakSaNa svarUpa-sva aura para ko samAropa kA tiraskAra karate hue jAnane se hI hai / yadi koI jJAna ko kevala sva kA hI jAnane vAlA, kevala para kA hI jAnane vAlA, kevala sva ko nahIM jAnane vAlA, kevala para ko nahIM jAnane vAlA, mAnatA hai aura jo koI aisA mAnatA hai ki jJAna kA pratyakSakaraNa, jJAna se hI hotA hai, jJAna apane Apako nahIM jAnatA hai so ityAdi rUpa se pramANa jJAna ke svarUpa meM jitanI bhI bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI mAnyatAeM haiM ve saba pramANasvarUpAbhAsa hI haiN| naiyAyika AdikoM ne pramANabhUta jJAna kA svarUpa indriya aura padArthoM ke

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 16-17 147 sambandha se jAyamAna mannikarSa ko mAnA hai; para yaha sannikarSa jar3a hone se ajJAnAtmaka hai / isaliye yaha pramANAtmaka jJAna kA vizeSa svarUpabhUta nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki pramANAtmaka jJAna jo hotA hai vaha cetana svarUpa hotA hai aura svapara kA vyavasAyI hotA hai| ataH sannikarSa yaha pramANasvarUpAbhAsarUpa hai kayoMki yaha ajJAnAtmaka hai / isI prakAra sva ko hI jAnane vAlA jJAna aura kevala ko para ko hI jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANasvarUpAbhAsabhUta hai tathA bhI zAna apane Apako nahIM jAnatA hai kintu karaNa jJAna ke dvArA jo jAnA jAtA hai vaha jJAna bhI pramANasvarUpAbhAsabhUta hI kahA gayA hai, isI prakAra jo jJAna para padArthoM ko nahIM jAnane vAlA mAnA gayA hai, tathA jo nirvikalpaka darzanarUpa mAnA gayA hai, jo jJAna saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya rUpa hotA hai ve saba jJAna sva-para vyavasAyAtmaka pramANa jJAnasvarUpa ke samakSa pramANa svarUpAbhAsa kI koTi meM hI Ate haiN| kyoMki pramANa kA svarUpa samAropa kA virodhI hotA hai // 15 // sUtra-sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa lakSaNarahitaM tadvadavabhAsamAnaM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsam / / 16 / / saMskRta TIkA-pUrva sAMvyavahArika pratyakSamindriyAnindriyanimitta bhedAd dvividhaM proktam / tatraindriyAnindriyanimittaM dezato vezadya sAMdhyavahArika pratyakSa lakSaNaM nigaditam / asmAllakSaNAdviparIta lakSaNopetamindriyajamanindriyajaM ca pratyeka sadAbhAsaM jJAtavyam / yathA-megheSu jAyamAnaM gandharva nagara jJAnamindriyanibandhanaM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsaM duHkhaM ca jAyamAnaM sukha jJAnamanindriyanibandhanaM sAMvyavahAraka pratyakSAbhAsamavagantavyam // 16 // artha-jo jJAna paramArthataH sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke lakSaNa se to hIna ho para sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke jaisA jAna par3atA ho vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa hai| hindI vyAkhyA- sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa pahale indriyaja aura anindriyaja pratyakSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| indriyoM se jo ekadeza nirmalatA liye hue jJAna hotA hai vaha indriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai aura mana ko sahAyatA se jo ekadeza nirmala jJAna hotA hai vaha anindriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai / isa prakAra se sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai parantu jo jJAna isa lakSaNa se yukta na hokara isase viparIta lakSaNa se yukta hotA hai vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa haiM / jaise meghoM meM gandharva nagara kA jJAna aura duHkha meM sukha kA jJAna / meghoM meM jAyamAna gandharva nagara jJAna indriya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa kA aura duHkha meM jAyamAna sukha jJAna anindriyaja sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa kA udAharaNa sUtra--manaHparyaya kevalajJAnAite vikalaM pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsam // 17 // saMskRta TIkA-pAramArthika pratyakSavad yadavabhAsate tatpAramArthika pratyAkSAbhAsaM tacca vibhaGgarUpam / manaHparyaya kevalajJAnayoH pAramArthika bhUtayostadA bhAsatvAsaMbhavAt / pAramAthikaM pratyakSaM pUrva sakala vikala vikalpAbhyAM dviprakArakamuktam / tatra sakala pAramAthikaM pratyakSaM kevalajJAnaM tattadAbhAsarUpaM na bhavati saMpUrNa svAvaraNa kSayodbhUtatvAt / manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNa kSayopazamAjjAyamAnaM manaHparyaya jJAnaM tu mithyAdRSTiSvasaMbhavAttadAbhAsarUpaM na jAyate / avadhijJAnaM ca mithyASTiSvapi sadbhAvAt tatra vibhaMgAkhyayA prasiddha sat tadAbhAsarUpatAM dhArayati, mithyAdRSTeH zivarAjarServadasaMkhyAta dvIpa samudrAtmakeSu madhyalokeSu satsvapi saptadvIpa samudrajJAnamabhUt tadvibhaMgAkhyaM jJAnamavagantavyam / hindI vyAkhyA--manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna ke sivAya jo vikala pratyakSa avadhijJAna kahA gayA hai vahI pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsarUpa hotA hai| jo jJAna pAramArthika pratyakSa ke jaisA pratIta hotA ho-para

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA :paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 18-19 svataH pAramArthika pratyakSa na ho vahI pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsa kahalAtA hai / zAna pA~ca prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM / inameM matijJAna aura zra tajJAna ye do jJAna sAMcyavahArika pratyakSa haiN| avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna ye do jJAna vikala pAramArthika pratyakSa haiM. kevalajJAna sakala pAramArthika pratyakSa hai| yahA~ sUtra meM vikala zabda se isI avadhijJAna kA grahaNa huA hai| jisa samaya yaha avadhijJAna tadAbhAsarUpa hotA hai, usa samaya isakA nAma vibhaMgajJAna aisA ho jAtA hai| yaha avadhijJAna vibhaGga nAma ko tabhI dhAraNa karatA hai ki jaba yaha mithyAdRSTi kI AtmA meM hotA hai| samyagdRSTi kI AsmA meM hone para hI isakA nAma avadhijJAna kahA gayA hai| manaHparyayajJAna mithyAdRSTi ko prApta na ho sakane ke kAraNa vaha tadAbhAsarUpa nahIM kahA gayA hai / kevalajJAna kSAyika jJAna hai- kyoMki vaha apane Avaraka jJAnAvaraNa karma ke sarvathA nAza se hI utpanna hotA hai / isa kAraNa isa jJAna meM to tadAbhAsarUpa hone kI AzaMkA hI nahIM ho sktii| hAM, kSAyopazamika jJAnoM meM-matijJAna-zru tajJAnaaura avadhi jJAna-tadAbhAsa rUpa hone kI saMbhAvanA mithyAdRSTiyoM ko prApta ho jAne ke kAraNa spaSTa hai| jaba ye mithyASTiyoM kI AtmA meM hote haiM usa samaya inakA nAma matyajJAna, zra tAjJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna ho jAtA hai| manaHparyayajJAna bhI yadyapi kSAyopazamika jJAna hai para vaha jisa AtmA meM saMyama kI viziSTa zuddhi hotI hai usI ko prApta hotA hai| saMyama kI viziSTa zuddhi samyagdRSTi ko hI prApta ho sakatI hai anya ko nahIM, ataH usakA tadAbhAsa nahIM hone ke kAraNa nahIM kahA gayA hai| yaha madhyaloka asaMkhyAla dvIpa-samudrAtmaka hai| parantu zivarAjaSi ne jo ki mithyAdRSTi the isa pRthivI ko-madhyaloka ko-saptadvIpa sapta samudrAtmaka jo kahA hai vaha vibhaGga jJAna ke hI prabhAva se kahA hai / ataH unakA vaha jJAna vibhaGgajJAna thA aisA mAnanA caahie| satra-ananubhUte vastuni taditi jJAnaM smaraNAbhAsam // 18 / / saMskRta TokA-pratyakSa pramANAbhAsaM nirUpya samprati sUtrakAraH parokSapramANAbhAsaM nirUpayitum / ananubhUte vastunItyAdisUtramAha-smaraNaMtu pratyakSAdinA pramANena gRhItasyaiva vastuno bhavati nAnanubhUtasyA'ti prasaGgAt / ato'nanubhUte'pi padArthe yat tadityAkArakaM jJAnaM jAyate tatsmaraNAmAsamavagantavyam yathA'nanubhUte tanmunimaNDalamiti / / 18 // hindI vyAkhyA-pratyakSAdi kisI bhI pramANa se jisa padArtha kA grahaNa nahIM huA hai aise ananubhUta padArtha meM jo "vaha" isa prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai vahI smaraNAbhAsa hai| pratyakSAdi pramANa se gRhIta padArtha kA hI smaraNa hotA hai / anabhUta padArtha kA nahIM aisA niyama hai / yadi ananubhUta padArtha meM smaraNa jJAna hone lage to jisa prakAra usane ananubhUta devadatta kA smaraNa kiyA usI samaya use brahmadatta kA bhI smaraNa honA cAhiye / ataH yaha mAnanA cAhiye ki kAlAntara meM jo padArtha kA smaraNa jJAna hotA hai vaha anubhUta padArtha kA hI hotA hai, ananubhUta kA nahIM / phira bhI jo ananubhUta padArtha meM "baha" aisA jJAna ho jAtA hai to vahI smaraNAbhAsa hai jaise kabhI nahIM anubhava meM Ae hue munimaNDala meM "vaha munimaNDala' aisA jJAna smaraNAbhAsa rUpa hai // 18 // sUtra-samAnavastuni tadevedamityAdijJAnaM pratyabhijJAnAbhAsam // 16 / / saMskRta TIkA-samAna vastunisadRze padArthe sadRzamidamityevaM vaktavye tadapahAya "tadevedam" ityAkArakaM yajjJAnaM bhavati tat pratyabhijJAnavadAbhAsamAnatvAt pratyabhijJAnAbhAsamucyate / evameva ekatva 1 "matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca"--tattvArtha sUtra, prathama adhyAya /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 20-21 viziSTe vastuni "tadevedaM vastu" ityevaM vaktavye tadvihAya tena sadRzamidamityAdirUpaM yajjJAnamutpadyatetadapi pratyabhijJAnavadevAbhAsamAnatvAt pratyabhijJAnAbhAsamavagantavyam // 16 / / artha-tulya vastu meM "yaha isake samAna hai" aisA jJAna na hokara jo aisA jJAna hotA hai ki yaha vahI hai vaha pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai-mUThA pratyabhijJAna hai / hindI anuvAda--yaha pahale prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki anubhava aura smRti se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai usakA nAma pratyabhijJAna hai aura yaha sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna evaM ekatva pratyabhijJAna Adi ke bheda se aneka prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / jahA~ sAdRzya kI pratIti hone meM ekatva kI pratIti ho vaha ekatva pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai aura jahA~ ekatva kI pratIti hone meM sAdRzya kI pratIti ho vaha sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai / / 16 / / sUtra-asatyAmapi vyAptI tadnAhakastAbhAsaH // 20 / / saMskRta TIkA-vyAptijJAne tarka iti tarkapramANasya lakSaNaM pUrvamabhihitam-etallakSaNarahitatvAdeva sAMbhAsatvaM bhavati / evaM ca avinArUpa vyAptirahite vastuni vyAptigrAhakaH saMskAra vizeSastAbhAsa iti phalitam / yathA sa zyAbho mitrAtanayatvAt / imamitrAtanamAno yAmamA mATana maha yadyapi vyAptirnAsti tathApi yatra-yatra mitrAtanayatvaM tatra-tatra zyAmatvamityevaM rUpeNa asadvyAptigrAhakatayA tAbhAsatvaM nigaditam // 20 // artha-vyApti na hone para bhI vyApti kA grahaNa karane vAlA tarka tarkAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / / / / hindo cyAkhyA-vyApti kA jo grAhaka hotA hai vaha tarka hai, aisA tarka kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| parantu jahA~ para yaha lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM hotA hai-arthAt vyAptizUnya meM jo vyApti grahaNa karatA hai aisA jo saMskAra vizeSa hai vaha tarkAbhAsa hai / satakaM vyAptiviziSTa vastu meM yadi kisI kAraNa se vyabhicAra kI zaGkA ho jAtI hai to vaha usakA nivartaka hotA hai / jaise--yaha parvata cahnivAlA hai kyoMki dhUmavAlA hai / aba yadi kisI ko aisI AzaGkA ho jAtI hai ki yaha dhUma vahni kA vyabhicArI hai yA nahIM ? to zaGkA kI nivRtti ke lie tarka kahatA hai ki yadi dhUma vahni kA vyabhicArI hotA-vahni ke binA hotA to vaha vahnijanya nahIM hotA tathA dhUpa ke lie jo agni jalAne meM pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai vaha na dekhI jAtI ataH bali ke abhAva meM dhUma trikAla meM bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH jitanA bhI kahIM dhUma hogA vah agnijanmA hI hogA, anagnijanmA nahIM hogA / isa taraha se zaMkA kI nivRtti karatA huA vaha dhUma kI vyApti vahni ke sAtha nizcita rUpa se grahaNa karA detA hai parantu jo tAbhAsa hotA hai vaha tarka ke jaisA pratIta aura vyAptizUnya sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kI vyApti kA AbhAsa prakaTa karatA hai| jaise-kisI ne hA-maitrA kA pUtra hone se garbhastha maitrA kA zizu zyAmavarNa kA hogA, kyoMki isake aura bhI vartamAna jo putra haiM, ve saba zyAma varNa ke haiM ataH yaha bhI maitrA kA putra hai ataH yaha bhI zyAmavarNa kA hI hogaa| yadyapi yahA~ para maMtrAtanayatva hetu kI vyApti zyAmatva ke sAtha nahIM haiM kyoMki vaha sopAdhika hai phira bhI graha usake sAtha vyApti vAlA jaisA pratibhAsita hotA hai / ataH avyApta ke sAtha vyAptiyukta pratIta hone ke kAraNa yaha tarkAbhAsa UhAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| kyoMki aisI vyApti nahIM bana sakatI hai ki 'thAvAn maMtrAtanayaH sa sarvo'pi zyAmaH' jitane bhI maitrAtanaya hote haiM ve saba kAle hote haiM / / 20 / / sUtra-pakSAbhAsAdijaM jJAnamanumAnAbhAsam // 21 / / saMskRta TIkA-tAbhAsasya nirUpaNaM kRtvA'thAnumAnAbhAsaM nirUpayitum "pakSAbhAsAdijam" ityAdi sUtramAha-tatra pakSa hetu dRSTAntopanaya nigamana rUpAH paJcAvayavA anumAnAGgatvenoktAsteSvekamapi

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150 nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 22 aMgaM yadi svalakSaNa nyUnaM bhavati tadA-tajjAyamAnaM jJAnamanumAnAbhAsarUpaM bhavati, tathAhi-apratItAnirAkRtAbhIpsite sAdhyaM bhavatIti sAdhyalakSaNamuktasa tatra yadi pratIta nirAkRtAnabhIpsita sAdhyadharmaviziSTaH pakSo bhavati tadA sa pakSavadabhAsamAnatvena pakSAbhAsa saMjJayA vyavAhiyate / Adi zabdenAtra hetvAbhAsa-dRSTAntAbhAsopanayAbhAsa nigamanAbhAsAnAM saMgraho'vagantavyaH, tatra hetulakSaNarikto hetuvadavabhAsate yaH sa hetvAbhAsaH 'sAdhyAvinAbhAbitvena nizcito hetu bhavati' ityukta lakSaNa virahAt hetIta dAbhAsatA dRSTAntalakSaNavihIno yo dRSTAntabadAbhAsate sa dRSTAntAbhAsaH sAdhyasAdhana vyApti pratipatterAspadaM dRSTAnta iti samyagdRSTAntasya lakSaNamasti / asya lakSaNasyAbhAvAt dRSTAnte tadAbhAsatA pakSe hetorupasaMhAra upanaya iti / upanayasya lakSaNam asmAllakSaNAda viparIta lakSaNopetatvenopanayAbhAsatvam / pakSe sAdhyasyopasaMhAro nigamanamiti nigatanasya lakSaNam / asmAllakSaNA parItye nigamanAbhAsatvam / etebhyaH pakSAbhAsAdibhyo jAyamAne jJAnamanumAnAbhAsamacyate / / / 21 // artha-pakSAbhAsa Adi se jAyamAna jo jJAna hai vaha anumAnAbhAsa hai / hindI anuvAda- tarkAmAsa kA nirUpaNa karake aba sUtrakAra anumAnAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa isa sUtra dvArA karate haiM / isake dvArA unhoMne yaha samajhAyA hai ki pakSa, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ye anumAna ke aGga haiN| ina pAMcoM avayavoM meM se kisI eka aga ke lakSaNa ke mithyA hone para anumAnAbhAsa ho jAtA hai / jaise-sAdhya kA lakSaNa jo apratIta, anirAkRta aura abhIpsita hotA hai vaha sAdhya hai aisA kahA gayA hai| inameM se yadi pratItanirAkRta aura anabhIpsita sAdhyarUpa dharma se viziSTa pakSa hai to vaha vAstavika pakSa nahIM hai| kintu pakSa ke sarIkhA pratIta hone ke kAraNa vaha pakSAbhAsa hai / kyoMki sAdhyadharma se viziSTa dharmI kA nAma pakSa kahA gayA hai / jaba pakSa sAdhyAbhAsa se yukta hotA hai to vaha bhI pakSAbhAsa kI koTi meM hI parigaNita hotA hai / sUtra meM jo Adi zabda prayukta huA hai usase hetvAbhAsa, dRSTAntAbhAsa, upanayAbhAsa aura nigamanAbhAsa kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / inameM jo hetu apane lakSaNa se hIna hotA hai aura hetu ke jaisA pratIta hotA hai vaha hetvAbhAsa hai / hetu kA lakSaNa jo apane sAdhya ke sAtha jo avinAbhAva rUpa se nizcita hotA hai vaha hetu hai aisA kahA gayA hai / isa hetu lakSaNa ke abhAva se hI hetu meM hetyAbhAsatA AtI hai| dRSTAnta kA lakSaNa vinAbhAva kI pratipati kA sthAnabhUta jo hotA hai vaha dRSTAnta hai, aisA kahA gayA hai| isa lakSaNa se vihIna hone para hI dRSTAnta meM dRSTAntAbhAsatA AtI hai| pakSa meM hetu ko duharAne kA nAma upanaya hai / isakI viparItatA meM upanayAbhAsatA upanaya meM A jAtI hai / tathA pratijJA kA duharAnA isakA nAma nigamana hai / isake viparIta prayoga meM nigamanAbhAsatA nigamana meM AtI hai| isa taraha se ina pakSAbhAsa AdikoM se jAyamAna anumAna meM anumanAbhAsatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isI viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa sUtrakAra svayaM Age karane vAle haiM ataH yahA~ para isakA kevala nAma nirdeza ho TIkAkAra ne kiyA hai| sUtra-pratItabAdhitAnabhimata sAdhyadharma vizeSaNa bhedAt vividhaH pakSAbhAsaH / / 22 / / saMskRta TIkA-anumAnAbhAsa nirUpya tanmUlabhUta pakSAbhAsa svarUpaM nirUpayitum 'pratIta bAdhite' tyAdi sUtramAha sUtrakAraH-evaM ca yaH pakSavadababhAsate sa pakSAbhAsaH sa ca trividhaH, tathAhi-pratIta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNaH, bAdhita sAdhyadharma vizeSaNaH, anabhimata sAdhya dharma vizeSaNazca / tatra pratItaH prasiddhaH sAdhyarUpa dharmo vizeSaNaM yasya sa pratIta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNaH-yathA AItAnprati 'astijIvaH' ityevaM kazcitpuruSo yadA vadhAraNArthakavakAraM vinA pakSa prayogaM karoti tadA tasmin prayoge sAdhyasya pratItatvAt pakSaH pratIta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNatvena pakSAbhAsatAmaGgIkaroti tena pakSAbhAsena samutthamanumAna jJAnamapi anumAnAbhAsarUpaM bhavati / jainamate vastumAtrasyaivA'nekAntAtmakatve na svIkRtatvAt jIvAstitva sAdhanaM siddha sAdhanarUpameva / evameva

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, mUtra 23 'vahniranuSNa' ityatra vahnau anuSNatvaM spArzana pratyakSeNa bAdhitaM vartate ato vahninaH po vAdhita sAdhyarUpa dharma vizeSaNa viziSTaH, tasmAdayaM pakSAbhAsaH evameva yadi kazcijjainadharmAnuyAyI 'zabdo nityo'nityovaiva' badati tadA tadapekSayA sAdhyasyAnabhIpsitatvAtpakSo'nabhItsita sAdhyadharma vizeSaNo jAyate / amunA prakAreNa trividhaH pakSAbhAso bhavati // 22 / / ___ artha-pratIta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA, bAdhitasAdhyadharma vizeSaNa vAlA aura anabhIpsita sAdhyadharma vizeSaNavAlA pakSa pakSAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| ataH isa prakAra se pakSAbhAsa meM trividhatA kahI gaI hai| hindo vyAkhyA--yaha to pahale hI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki iSTa, abAdhita aura asiddha jo hotA hai vahI sAdhyakoTi meM rakhA jAtA hai, bAdI ko jo abhIpsita hai-jise vaha siddha karanA cAhatA hai use hI to vaha sAdhya banAtA hai, anabhIpsita aniSTa ko nahIM, yadi yaha iSTa sAdhya pratyakSAdi kisI bhI pramANa se bAdhita hotA hai to iSTa hote hue bhI vaha sAdhya kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai| isI taraha baha iSTa aura abAdhita hote hue bhI yadi prasiddha hai-pratIta hai-to use sAdhyakoTi meM rakhane kI jarUrata nahIM hai, kyoMki siddha ko sAdhya karanA aisA hai jaisA ki pIse hae ko pIsanA, jo pakSa isa prakAra ke vizeSaNoM vAle sAdhya se sampanna hotA hai vahI saccA pakSa kahalAtA hai aura jo aisA nahIM hotA vaha pakSAbhAsa-sadoSa pakSa-kahalAtA hai| itanA niSkarSa hRdaya meM avadhArita karake hI sUtrakAra ne isa satra kI racanA kI hai-isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki pakSa vizeSya hotA hai aura sAdhya usakA vizeSaNa hotA hai| jaba koI jaina mAnyatA bAloM ko samakSa aisA kahatA hai ki-"asti jIvaH" jIva astitva dharmaviziSTa hai-yahAM pakSa jIva hai aura "hai" yaha sAdhya hai, to usakA aisA kathana janoM ko pratIta hone ke kAraNa pratIta sAdharma vizeSaNavAlA pakSAbhAsa bana jAtA hai| hAM, yadi yahA~ para vaha "eva" hI zabda kA prayoga kara aisA kahatA ki jIva astitva dharma viziSTa hI hai| aisI ekAnta mAnyatA janoM kI nahIM haiataH vaha apratIta hone ke kAraNa sAdhya koTi meM A jaataa| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA haiM ki "vahniranuSNaH" agni anuSNa hai to yahA~ para agni pakSa hai aura anuSNa sAdhya hai / yaha anuSNatvarUpa sAdhya agni meM sparzanendriyajanya pratyakSa se bAdhita hai kyoMki agni uSNa hai / ataH sparzanendriyajanya pratyakSa se isa agnirUpa pakSa kA sAdhya bAdhita ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha agnirUpa pakSa bAdhita sAdhyadharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra yadi koI jana dharmAnuyAyI aisA kahatA hai ki "zabda nitya hI hai yA anitya hI hai to usakA yaha kathana ana bhIpsita sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa kI koTi meM A jAtA hai| kyoMki jaina mAnyatA pratyeka padArtha ko anekadharmAtmaka mAnatI hai / ekAnta rUpa se vaha na kisI ko nitya mAnatI hai aura na kisI ko anitya mAnatI hai / tAtparya isa samasta kathana kA yahI hai ki prasiddha sAdhyavAlA, bAdhita sAdhyavAlA aura aniSTa sAdhyavAlA pakSa pakSAbhAsa ho jAtA hai // 22 // sUtra-bAdhitasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa pakSAbhAsaH sAdhyasya pratyakSAdibhinirAkaraNAdanekavidhaH / / 23 // saMskRta TIkA-pakSAbhAsAnAM traividhyamuktvA tadantargatadvitIya pakSAbhAsasya prathama tRtIya pakSAbhAmavannakatvaM kintu anekatvameveti pratipAdanArthamidaM sUtraM sUtrakAreNa proktam / evaM ca pratyakSA'numAnAgama loka svavacana nirAkRta sAdhyadharmavizeSaNabhedvitIyapakSAbhAso'nekavidho jAyate / tathAhi-pratyakSa nirAkRta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNo yathA "zabdo paudgalikaH" atra zabde paudgalikatvaM thabaNapratyakSeNa bAdhittam / ato'yaM zabdarUpaH pakSaH pratyakSa nirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNa yuktatvAt 'pakSAbhAsato dhArayati / numAananirAkRta sAdhyadharma

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 23 vizeSaNo yathA-"na santi sUkSmAntarita dUrArthA padArthAH" atra sUkSmAntarita dUrArthAnAM padArthAnAmastitvam anumAnataH sAdhitaM vartate'taH "na santi" sAdhyenAnenAnumAna nirAkRtena sUkSmAntaritAdipadArtha rUpapakSasyAnumAna nirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNa pakSAbhAsatA / AgamanirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNo yathA-jainesi bhakSyam prApyaGgatvAdAnAdivat' ityatra mAMse bhakSyatvamAgamAnnirAkRtaM vartate to bhakSyamityanena sAdhyenAgamanirAkRtena yuktatvAta "jainasiM bhakSyam" eSA pratijJAjyamabAdhitA jAyate / lokanirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNo yathA "zaMkha zuktivadasthi pavitram" ityatra asthi pavitratA loka nirAkRtA'pavitratvAttasya / ato lokanirAkRtena pavitratvasAdhyena yuktatvAt asthirUpe pakSe lokanirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNatvamAgacchati evaM kazcidbhojana kurvanmapi para prati evaM pratipAdayati yadahaM maunena bhojanaM karomi, ityatra pakSAbhA pUrvokta paddhatyA svayamevohyam / etacna sarvamagre sphuTIbhaviSyati / / 23 // artha-pUrvokta rUpa se pakSAbhAsa 3 prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM- inameM dvitIya jo bAdhita sAdhyadharma vizeSaNavAlA pakSAbhAsa hai, pratyakSAdi pramANoM se jisa pakSa kA sAdhya bAdhita ho jAtA hai aise usa sAdhya se yukta hone ke kAraNa aneka prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / pratIta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNavAlA pakSAbhAsa aura anabhIpsita sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa bhedavihIna kahA gayA hai kyoMki isake bheda nahIM hote haiM / parantu jo bAdhita sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa hai vaha pratyakSapramANa se, anumAna pramANa se, Agama pramANa se, loka se aura svavacana se apane sAmako bAdhita hone ke kAraNa kakAra kA kahA gayA hai| jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda paudgaliMka nahIM hai kyoMki vaha AkAza kA guNa hai to aisI pratijJA meM zabda rUpa pakSa, zravaNa pratyakSa dvArA zabda grAhya hone ke kAraNa apodgalikatva sAdhya se zUnya siddha hotA hai| isalie yaha pratyakSa se bAdhita sAdhya vAlA hone ke kAraNa pakSAbhAsa ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra jo pakSa anumAna se bAdhita sAdhyabAlA hotA hai vaha anumAna bAdhita sAdhya vizeSaNavAlA pakSAbhAsa hotA hai / jaise koI aisA kahe ki "sUkSma, antarita aura dUrArdha padArtha nahIM haiM" to yahA~ para sAdhya "nahIM haiM" hai aura sUkSma-paramANu Adi, antarita-rAmarAvaNAdi aura dUrArtha-sumeru parvata Adi ye saba pakSa haiM inameM "nahIM haiN| aisA jo sAdhya hai yaha anumAna pramANa se bAdhita hai kyoMki anumAna pramANa se inakI sattA siddha ho jAtI hai / Agama bAdhita pakSAbhAsa vahA~ para hotA hai ki jisa pakSa kA sAdhya Agama se bAdhita hotA hai jaise-koI aisA kahe ki mAMsa bhakSya hai kyoMki anna kI taraha vaha prANI-aGga hai| so yahA~ para mAMsa pakSa hai aura bhakSya sAdhya hai / yaha sAdhya Agama se isalie bAdhita hotA hai ki Agama meM mAMsa ko abhakSya siddha kiyA gayA hai, lokanirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNavAlA pakSAbhAsa vahA~ hotA hai ki jahA~ pakSa kA sAdhya laukika vyavahAra se bAdhita hotA hai jaise-jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zuktikA kI taraha haDDI pavitra hai" yahA~ para haDDI yaha pakSa hai aura usa meM pavitratA sAdhya hai / parantu yaha pavitratA usameM lokavyavahAra se bAdhita hai--nirAkRta hai / svatvacana nirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa vahA~ hotA hai ki jahA~ para pakSa kA sAdhya svavacana se hI bAdhita ho jAtA hai / jaise-bhojana karatA huA koI vyakti aisA kahe ki karatA hai| jaba baha khAtA haA apane maunavrata ko dUsaroM se kahakara prakaTa kara rahA hai to usakA maunavrata kahA~ rAdhA / ataH aisA usakA kathana "merI mAtA bandhyA hai" isa kathana ke anusAra svavacana bAdhita ho jAtA hai / / 23 / / prANyajatne same'pyanna bhojyaM mAMsa na dhArmikaH / strItvA'vizeSe'pi janAyava nAmbitrA !! (sAgAradharmAmate)

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bhyAsaratma :nyA paratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUba 24-25-26-27 aba Age ke sUtroM dvArA isI viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jA rahA hai-- sUtra-barinuSNo dravyatvAjjalavaditi // 24 / / saMskRta TIkA-atra vahnau-pakSe sAdhyamanuSNatvaM sparzanendriyajanya pratyakSeNa bAdhita mato'yaM vahnirUpaH pakSaH pratyakSa nirAkRtasAdhya dharma vizeSaNavatvAt pakSAbhAsaH / artha-jisa pakSa kA sAdhya pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita hotA hai aisA vaha pakSa pratyakSa nirAkRta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa bAlA ho jAne ke kAraNa pakSAbhAsa kI ginatI meM A jAtA hai / java koI aisA kahatA hai ki apina anuSaNa hai goMki lada jala kI taraha davya rUpa hai / yahA~ para agni pakSa hai aura anuSNatva sAdhA hai / yaha sAdhya agni meM uSNatvAbagrAhaka spArzana pratyakSa se bAdhita siddha hotA hai kyoMki usake dvArA usameM uSNatva kA hI grahaNa hotA hai| isa taraha pakSa kA sAdhya yahA~ pratyakSa se bAdhita ho jAne ke kAraNa pakSa ko pratyakSa bAdhita pakSAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| satra nAsti sarvajJaH vaktatvAt rathyApUruSavaditi / / 25 // saMskRta TIkA-atra sarvajJaH pakSa nAstitvaM tatra sAdhyam / parantu "asti marvajJaH sunizcitAsaMbhavadvAdhaka pramANatvAn" anenAnumAnena sarvajJasya sattAyAH mAdhitatvAt tadamattA nirastA / atonumAna bAdhita sAdhyatvAt anumAna nirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNojya pakSAbhAsaH / hindo dhyAkhyA-jisa pakSa kA sAdhya anumAna pramANa se bAdhita hotA hai vaha anumAna nirAkRta sAdhyadharma vizeSaNa pakSAbhArA hai usI kA yahAM dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki sarvajJa nahIM hai to 'sarvajJa" pakSa hai aura "nahIM hai" sAdhya hai / para yaha mAdhya "asti sarvajJaH sunizcitAsaMbhavabAbaka pramANatvAt" apane pakSa meM isa anumAna dvArA bAdhita ho jAtA hai, isalie yaha pakSa anumAna bAdhita pakSAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / / 25 // sUtra-dharmaH pretya duHkhado lIvAdhiSThitatvAdadharmavat / / 26 / / saMskRta TIkA-AgamabAdhita sAdhyadharma vizeSaNo yathA-pretya paraloke dharmaH duHkha pradAtA bhavati jIvAdhiSThitatvAta adharmavata / atra-dharmaH pakSaH pretya duHkhadaH sAdhyama / parantu Agame dharmasya ubhayaloka sukhadAtRtvaM pratipAditam / ato dharmasya pretya duHkhapradatva pratipAdana pakSAbhAsAtmakaM jJayam / / 26 / / hindI vyAkhyA-AgamabAdhita pakSAbhAsa vahIM para hotA hai ki jahA~ para Agama se nirAkRta sAdhya ho jaise jIvAdhiSThita hone se dharma paraloka meM duHkhadAtA hai aise kathana meM dharma pakSa hai aura duHkhadatva usakA sAdhya hai / yaha sAdhya dharma meM rahatA nahIM hai kyoMki Agama meM dharma ko ubhayaloka sukhadAyI kahA gayA hai / / 26 / / sutra-dayA'nAyiMjanAcaritvAtpApavat // 27 / / saMskRta TIkA-lokanirAkata sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa pakSAbhAsa ittham pApavat dayA anAryA-AcaritumayogyA atra "dayA" pakSaH anAryeti sAdhyam / parantu lokanyavahAre dayA pApavat anAcaraNIyA maiva pratipAditA kintu AcaraNayogyaiva kathitA ato dayAyAmanAryatva kathanam pakSAbhAsarUpameva / / 27 / / hindI vyAkhyA-loka nirAkRta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa isa prakAra se hai-jaise koI yaha kahe ki dayA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki vaha pApa kI taraha Arya puruSoM dvArA anAcaraNIya hai / so ima prakAra kA dhana loka vyavahAra se bAdhita hai kyoMki loka vyavahAra meM dayA ko anAcaraNIya nahIM kahA -.-- -

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bhyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TokA : paMcama adhyAya, mUtra 28-29 gayA hai ataH dayArUpa pakSa meM anAryapanA loka vyavahAra se bAdhita hone ke kAraNa yaha pratijJA lokanirAkRta sAdhya dharma vizeSaNavAlI hai / / 27 // sUtra-tattvamanirdezyaM vakta mazaktvAt / / 28 / / saMskRta TIkA-yadA avaktabyakAntavAdI dRzaM kathayati-tattvaM sarvathAnirdezya-nirdeSTumazakyamtadA katham "avAcyataikAnte'pyukti vAcyetiyucyate" iti vacanAt tatvamanirdezyamiti vacanaM ma ba yAt yena vadato vyAghAto na syAt / / 28 / / hindI vyAkhyA-svavacanabAdhita sAdhyadharma vizeSaNa vAlA pakSAbhAsa taba hotA hai ki jisameM apane hI siddhAnta kA apane hI kathana dvArA vyAghAta ho / jaise jaba sarvathA abaktavyakAntavAdI aisA kahatA hai ki vastutattva zabdoM dvArA prakAzita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ataH vaha anirdezya hai / taba isa ekAnta mAnyatA meM "avAcyatA ke ekAnta meM basta tattva avAcya hai aise zabda kA bhI prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai" isa kathana ke anusAra vastu tatta anirdezya hai aisA karakara usameM anidezyanA prakaTa nahIM kI jA sakatI hai / yadi vaha aisA karatA hai to "merI mAtA candhyA hai" isa prakAra se kahane vAle ke samAna usakA kathana upahAsyAspada kyoM nahIM kahA jAyegA-avazya hI kahA jAyagA / kyoMki vastu tatva sarvathA anirdezya hai yaha pratijJA usakI isa prakAra ke kathana dvArA nirdezya ho jAtI hai / to phira anirdezyatA kA ekAnta kaise mAnya ho sakatA hai / / 28 / / sUtra-asiddha viruddhAnakAntikabhedAddhi hetvAbhAsAsthividhAH / / 26 / / saMskRta TIkA-anumAnAbhAsaprasaGgamAdAya pakSAbhAsa svarUpa bivicya hetvAbhAsa svarUpa prarUpyate -. tatrAsiddha hetvAbhAsaH (1), viruddhahetvAbhAsaH (2), anaikAntika hetvAbhAsaH(3) zceti trividhA hetvAbhAsAH, hetu lakSaNa rahito hetubadAbhAsate yo'sau hetvAbhAsaH, hetustAvatsAdhyAbinAbhAvI bhavati / yatra sAdhyAbinAbhAvitvaM nAsti tatraiva hetvAbhAsatvamiti kathanAt / asiddha hetvAbhAsaH AzrayAsiddhAnyatarA siddhobhayasiddha saMdigdhAdi bhedAdanekavidhaH, viruddha hetvAbhAsa ekavidha eva, anekAntika hetvAbhAso nizcita sapanavRtti saMdigdha vipakSabRtti bhedAdvidhaH, sAdhyena sAkaM pramANa pratItAvinAbhAva vihIno heturasiddhaH. sAdhyena samaM yasya vyAptiH kenApiH pramANena nizcitA na bhavati so'siddha iti tAtparyArthaH / yathA-- zabdo'nityazcAkSuSatvAt, atra zabde'nityatva sAdhanAya prayukta cAkSuSatvaM svarUpata evAsiddhatvenAyaM svarUpAsiddho hetuH zrotrendriyagrAhyatvAttasyAnyathAnupapatti lakSaNa virahAcca nApakSa dharmatvAt / nahi pakSa dharmatvaM heto lakSaNaM tadabhAve'pi anyathAnupapatti balAddha tatvopapatteH, sAMkhyaM prati pariNAmI zabdaH kRtakatvAt atra zabde pariNAmitvasAdhanAyaprayukto hetuH saMkhyA'pekSayA'nyatarAsiddhastanmatAnusAreNa zabdasyAvirbhAva svIkaraNAt / jainamatAnusAreNa ca tasya kRtakatvAt evameva zabdo'nityaH sparzanendriyagrAhyatvAt atra sparzanendriyagrAhyatvaM heturvAdinaH prativAdino'siddha dhavaNendriya grAhyatvAttasya saMdigdhAsiddho yathA-zamUrdhA'vahnimAn dhumabhAvena bAppasya darzanAt yadA kAzcinmugdha buddhirvASpadhUmayorbhedamajAnana parvatAdo dhUmaM dRSTvA canzanumAne sandehazIlo jAyate- tadAyaM tadapekSayA saMdigdhA siddho bhavati / eva manye'pi AzyA siddhAdayo bhedA asiddha hetvaabhaassyaabgntvyaaH| sAdhya viparIta--TyApto viruddhaH- yathA zabdonityaH kRtakatvAt-atra kRtakatvasya heto vyApti nityatvena sAdhaM nAsti kintu tadviruddhe nAniyatvenaiva sAdham / pakSa sapakSa vanitre sati vipakSa vattitvamanekAnnikatvam / yathA parvato'yaM dhUmavAn bahnimattvAt / atra vahnimanvaraya heto vatti dhUmAbhAvayukta hnadAdAbapi-vipakSe'pi vartate pakSepi vartate sapakSe mahAnasAvapi vartate / evamevAnityaH zabdaH prameya

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nyAyaranna : nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 26 155 tvAdityAdAvapi pakSa sapakSa vipakSa vRttitvenA'naikAnti katA'vagantavyA, jino'sarvajJo vavatRtvAdityAdI saMdigdha vipakSavRttitA-vaktRtvamapi astu sarvajJatvamapyastu, avirodhAt // 26 // artha-~-asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ke bheda se hetvAbhAsa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM // 26 // hindI vyAkhyA-yahA~ anumAnAbhAsa ke prasaGga ko lekara pakSAbhAsa kA kathana karake aba sUtrakAra hetnAbhAsa kA kathana kara rahe haiM / ve asiddha hetvAbhAsa Adi ke bheda se tIna prakAra ke hai / hetu kA lakSaNa sAdhyAkniAbhAvI kahA gayA hai / isa hetu ke lakSaNa se jo rahita hote haiM aura hetu ke jaise jo pratIta hote haiM ve hI hetvAbhAsa kahe jAte haiM / asiddhatA hetu meM tabhI AtI hai ki jana usakI anyathAnupapatti yA tathopatti nizcita nahIM hotI hai / yaha asiddha hetvAbhAsa AzrayAsiddha, anyatarAsiddha ubhayAsiddha aura saMdigdha Adi ke bheda se aneka prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki-"zabdo'nitya cAkSuSatvAt" zabda cakSu indriya kA viSaya hone se anitya hai-- yahA~ para zabda pakSa hai anitya sAdhya hai aura cAkSuSatva hetu hai / to usakA yaha kathana isaliye ThIka nahIM mAnA jAtA hai ki yahAM para hetu svarUpAsiddha hai| kyoMki hetU kA AzrayabhUta jo zabda hai usameM cAkSuSatva hetu svarUpataH nahIM rahatA hai / zabda meM jo zrotrendriya grAhyatA ho rahatI hai, isa taraha anyathAnupapatti rUpa apane lakSaNa ke viraha hone se hI yaha hetu svarUpAsiddha ho gayA hai| prazna yaha hetu apane pakSa meM nahIM rahatA hai isa kAraNa yaha svarUpAsiddha hai aisA kyoM nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhiye ? uttara-hetu meM jo svasAdhya gamakatA AtI hai vaha anyathA'nupapatti ke hI bala para AtI hai, pakSadharmatA ke bala se nahIM, ataH pakSadharmatA hetu meM ho yA na ho yadi usameM anyathA'nupapattirUpatA hai to vaha niyamataH apane sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| prakRta meM hetu aura sAdhya meM anyathAnupapatti kA viraha hai isalie hetu meM svarUpAsiddhatA kahI gaI hai / jaba sAMkhya ke prati aisA koI kahatA hai ki zabda pariNAmIanitya hai kyoMki yaha kiyA jAtA hai, utpanna hotA hai / to yahAM para kRtakatva yaha hetu anyatarAsiddha hai| kyoMki sAMkhya siddhAnta meM satkAryavAdI hone ke kAraNa kisI kI bhI utpatti nahIM mAnI gaI hai / utpatti aura vinAza satkAryavAda meM hai hI nahIM, AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva hai| isalie sAMkhya ko apekSA yaha kRtakatva hetu anyatarAsiddha hai| jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha sparzanendriya dvArA grAhya hotA hai to yahA~ para yaha sparzanendriya dvArA grAhyatA prAbda meM na vAdI ko saMmata hai aura na pratibAdI ko saMmata hai| isa taraha yaha hetu ubhayAsiddha hai / saMdigdhAsiddha hetu vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ hetu ke svarUpa meM sandeha hotA hai, jaise--koI mugdha buddhi vAlA vyakti jaba zaka mUrdhA meM uThatI huI vASpa ko nihAratA hai to kahatA hai yahA~ para agni hai kyoMki isameM dhUma nikala rahA hai, taba usakI isa bAta ko sunakara use gurujana samajhAte haiM ki beTA! yaha dhUma nahIM hai yaha to vASpa hai, vASpa ke hone para agni nahIM hotI hai / aba vaha jaba kabhI parvata meM ur3ate hue dhUma ko dekhatA hai to vaha usake svarUpa meM sandeha karane lagatA hai ki kahIM yaha vASpa to nahIM hai / isa taraha vASpa aura dhUma ke svarUpa ke nizcaya hue binA hI yadi vaha aisA kahatA hai yaha pradeza agni vAlA hai kyoMki yaha dhUma vAlA hai| to yahA~ para dhUmahetu usako apekSA saMdigdhAsiddha hai, kyoMki usake svarUpa meM use sandeha hai / isI prakAra se aura bhI isa hetvAbhAsa ke bheda haiM / sAdhya se viparIta ke sAtha arthAt sAdhyAbhAva ke sAtha jisakI vyApti hotI hai aisA hetu viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai / jaise-jaba koI kahatA hai-zadhda nitya hai kyoMki vaha kiyA huA hotA hai|

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bhyAgaratna : nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 30-31 yahA~ para sAdhya nitya hai / isa nitya ke sAtha kalakatva hetu kI vyApti nahIM hai kintu nitya ke viparIta . anitya ke hI sAtha kRtakasva kI vyApti hai, viruddha hetvAbhAsa sAmAnya rUpa se eka hI prakAra vAlA hai / pakSa sapakSa meM rahate hue bhI vipakSa meM jisa hetu kA astitva pAyA jAtA hai aisA hetu anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa rUpa kahA gayA hai| jaise--yadi koI aisA kahatA hai ki "yaha parvata dhUmavAlA hai, kyoMki yaha agnivAlA hai ?" "yahAM para sAmAna aura ni| yaha agnirUpa hetu parvata rUpa pakSa meM bhI rahatA hai aura sapakSa jo rasoIghara hai usameM bhI rahatA hai tathA vipakSa jo dhUma rahita ayogolaka hai usameM bhI rahatA hai / isI prakAra "zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha prameya hai" yahA~ prameyatva hetu zabda meM aura ghaTAdi rUpa sapakSa meM rahatA huA bhI vipakSa jo gaganAdika haiM unameM bhI rahatA hai / anaH jo bhI hetu isa taraha kA hotA hai vaha anaMkAntika hetvAbhAsa rUpa kahA gayA hai| isa anekAntika hetvAbhAsa ke nizcina vipakSa vRtti aura saMdigdha vipakSavRtti aise do bheda mAne gaye haiN| anekAntika ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ke lie jo udAharaNa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai vaha nizcita vipakSavRtti anekAntika hetvAbhAsa kA hai| tathAjaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki "jinendra sarvajJa nahIM haiM kyoMki ve vaktA haiM" to yahA~ para jora hetu hai vaha pakSa sapakSa meM rahatA huA vipakSa-sarvajJa-se apanI vyAvRtti karAne meM saMdigdhatA vAlA hai / kyoMki vaha sarvajJa bhI rahA Ave aura vaktA bhI rahA Ave / sarvajJatva aura vaktRtva kA Apasa meM koI virodha nahIM hai| sAmAnyato hetvAbhAsAn nidizya vizeSatastAn lakSayanti sUtrakArAH sUtra-nizcitAnyathAnupapattyabhAvo'siddho'nekavidhaH // 30 // saMskRta TIkA-sUtre nAmato nirdiSTasyAsiddha hetvAbhAsasya svarUpaM prakAzayannAha sUtrakAro nizcitAnyathetyAdi __ yasya hetoH sva sAdhyena sArdhamanyathAnupapatti rUpa svarUpasya abhAvo mAnena mizcito vartate so'siddha hetvAbhAsaH, saddha tustu nizcitAnyathAnupapattika eva, zabdaH pariNAmI cAkSuSatvAt ityAdau cAkSaSatvarUpo hetuH zabdAtma pakSe svarUpata evAsiddho vartate zabde zrAvaNatvasyaiva sattve na cAkSuSatvAbhAvAt / tasmAt cAkSuSatvarUpA siddhAtmaka helvAbhAsAt samutpadyamAnaM zabdaH pariNAmI" ityeva manumAnatvenAbhimataM jJAnamanumAnAbhAsatvamavagantavyam, sa cAyamasiddho hetvAbhAso vividhAtmakaH pUrva TIkAkAreNa pratipAditaH svarUpAsiddhAdibhedAt / hindI vyAkhyA-apane sAdhya ke sAtha jisa hetu kA avinAbhAva sambandha kisI bhI pramANa se nizcita nahIM hotA hai aisA vaha hetu asiddha hetvAbhAsa rUpa kahA jAtA hai / jo saddha'tu hotA hai vaha apane sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita bavinAbhAva sambandha vAlA hotA hai / jaba koI aisA kahatA hai-mAbda pariNAmI hai kyoMki baha cakSu indriya dvArA grahaNa hotA hai, to yahA~ para jaba zabda meM cAkSuSatva hetu svabhAvataH rahatA hI nahIM hai taba vaha vahA~ pariNAmitva sAdhya kA sAdhaka kaise ho sakatA hai| isalie isa asiddha hetu se-- asiddha hetvAbhAsa se-jAyamAna jo "zabda pariNAmI hai" ityAkAraka anumAnAtmaka jJAna hai vaha anUmAnAbhAsa rUpa hai| yaha asiddha hetvAbhAsa aneka prakAra kA hai jaisA ki isa sutra se pahile ke sUtra meM TIkAkAra ne prakaTa kiyA hai| sUtra-sAdhyAbhAvenaiva nizcita niyamako viruddhaH / / 31 / / saMskRta TIphA-yasya hetoH giyamaH-anyathAnupapattirUpaH sambandhaH-sAdhyA'bhAvenava sArdha nizcito bhavati sa hetuviruddhaH, yathA zabdo nityaH kRtakavAdityatra yatra-yatra kRtakatvaM tatra-tatra nityatvameSA

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TovA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 32-33 157 vyAptirnAsti kintu yatra-yatra kRnakatvaM tatra-tatra anityatvameva vyAptirasti, ataH kRtakatvasya hetoHanyathAnupapanirUpa sambandho'nityatvenaiva sAdhaM ghaTate na nityatvena sArdham / anityatvaM ca nityatva virodhi, evakAreNA'naikAntika hetvAbhAsasya vyAvRttiH kriyate // 31 / / hindI anuvAda-jisa hetu kA avinAbhAva rUpa niyama sAdhyAbhAva ke sAtha hI nizcita hotA hai vaha hetu viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai / jaise-jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki--zabda nitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai to yahA~ kRtaka hetu hai usakA avinAbhAva sambandha apane nityarUpa sAdhya ke sAtha nahIM hai / aisI dhyApti nahIM banatI hai ki jahAM-jahA~ kRtakatva hogA vahA~-vahA~ nityatva hogaa| kintu vyApti to aisI banatI hai ki jahA~-jahA~ kRtakatva hogA-vahA~-vahA~ anityatva hogaa| isa taraha kRtakatva hetu kA sAdhya jo nityatva hai usase viruddha anityattva ke sAtha hI isa hetu kI vyApti hone ke kAraNa yaha hetu viruddha hai| prazna-yahA~ gara evakAra kA prayoga kisaliye kiyA gayA hai ? uttara-evakAra kA prayoga anekAntika hetvAbhAsa kI nivRtti ke liye kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki anekAntika hetvAbhAsa bhI apane sAdhyAbhAva ke sAtha rahatA hai| prazna-jaba anekAntika hetvAbhAsa apane sAdhyAbhAva ke sAtha rahatA hai to phira vimddha helyAbhAsa aura anakAntika hetvAbhAsa meM antara kyoM mAnA gayA hai ? uttara-viruddha hetvAbhAsa to sapakSa se vyAvRtta hotA huA apane sAdhyAbhAva ke sAtha rahatA hai aura anekAntika hetvAbhAsa pakSa aura sapakSa meM rahatA huA vipakSa ke sAtha rahatA hai| basa, yahI ina donoM meM antara hai| sUtra-pakSa sapakSavadvipakSe'pi vRttimAna kAntikaH / / 32 / / saMskRta TokA-ekasminneva adhikaraNaM anto nizcayo niyatarUpeNa vRttitvaM yasyAso aikAntikaH na aikAntikaH, anaikAntikaH- aniyattiH na nizcitarUpeNa sAdhyAdhikaraNa eva vRttiH apitu sAdhyAdhikaraNe sAdhyAbhAvAdhikaraNe ca yo vartate so'nakAntikaH yathA-parvatobhyaM dhUmavAn baDhe:-atra sAdhyAdhikaraNa parvataH tatrApi vahnirUpa hetu sadbhAvaH sapakSazca mahAnasAdistatrApi hetusadbhAvaH vipakSazcAyogolakastatrApi balirUpahetu sadbhAvaH / / 32 // hindI anuvAda-pakSa aura sapakSa meM rahatA huA bhI jo hetu vipakSa meM bhI rahatA hai vaha anakAntika hetvAbhAsa hai / sAdhyayukta eka hI adhikaraNa meM jisakI niyata rUpa se vRtti hotI hai vaha aikAnnika hai| jo isa vRtti kA nahIM hotA hai vaha anekAntika hai-aniyata vRtti vAlA hai| aisA hetu sAdhyAdhikaraNa meM bhI rahatA hai / aura sAdhya ke abhAva vAle adhikaraNa meM bhI rahatA hai| jaise kisI ne aisA kahAyaha parvata dhUmavAlA hai kyoMki yaha agnivAlA hai| yahA~ para sAdhyAdhikaraNa parvata hai usameM vahnirUpa hetu rahatA hai aura sAdhya kA jo adhikaraNa nahIM hai aise ayogolaka meM bhI yaha hetu rahatA hai ataH yaha pakSa sapakSa meM rahatA huA vipakSa meM bhI rahane ke kAraNa anekAntika kahA gayA hai / / 32 / / sUtra--saMdigdha nizcita vipakSavRtti bhedAdaso dvividhaH // 33 / / saMskRta TIkA-aso-anaikAntiko hetvAbhAso dvividhaH-saMdigdha vipakSa vRttiH nizcita vipakSattizceti / yasya hetodhipakSe vRttiH saMdigdhA syAt sa nizcita vipakSa vRttizca / jinaH sarvajJo nAsti

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI dIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 34 bavatRtvAdasau saMdigdhavipakSa vRttiko'naikAntikaH, zabdo'nityaH prameyatvAdasau nizcitavipakSa vRttikaH / / 33 // artha-anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa saMdigdha vipakSavRtti aura nizcita vipakSavRtti ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / jisa hetu kI vipakSa meM vRtti saMdigdha hotI hai aisA vaha saMdigdha vipakSa vRtti vAlA anekAntika hetvAbhAsarUpa hotA hai / tathA jisa hetu kI vRtti vipakSa meM nizcita hotI hai aisA vaha hetu nizcita vipakSa vRtti vAlA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsarUpa hotA hai, ina donoM hetvAbhAsoM ke sambandha meM pIche TIkAkAra ne spaSTIkaraNa kara diyA hai / / 33 / / sUtra-sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAso navidha. sadhyasAdhana bhayadhavikala: saMdigdha sAdhya sAdhanobhayAnanvayA pradarzitAntraya viparItAnyayabhedAt / / 34 / / saMskRta TokA-anumAnAbhAsaprasaGgena pakSAbhAsa hetvAbhAsayo nirUparNa vidhAyA'dhunA tatprasaGgAdeva dRSTAntAbhAsaM nirUpayati sUtrakAraH-sAdharmyavaidhayabhedAbhyAM dRSTAntasya dvavidhyaM proktamato dRSTAntAbhAso'pi sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa vaidhayaMdRSTAntAbhAsabhedena dvividha eva / tatra dRSTAntAbhAsaH katividhaH ityArekAyAM sa navavidha ityutta rayatA sUtrakAreNa navavidhatvameva tasya prdrshyte| tathAhi-sAdhyadharmavikalaH 1, sAdhanadharmavikalaH 2, sAdhyasAdhanobhaya dharma vikalaH 3, saMdigdha sAdhyadharmA, 4, saMdigdhasAdhana dharmA, 5, saMdigdha sAdhanobhaya dharmA 6, ananvayaH 7, apradarzitAnvayaH8, viparItAnvayazceti ha / tatra "zabdonityaH amUrtatvAt duHkhavat" ityatra duHkhAtmake dRSTAnte nityatvAtmaka sAdhyasyAbhAvAt nityarUpa sAdhyadharma vikalonAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, duHkhasya puruSAdikRta pApa karma janyatayA nityatvAbhAvAt, evaM zabdo nityaH amUtatvAt paramANu vat ityAdI paramANurUpe dRSTAnte nityatvAtmaka sAdhyasya sattve'pi amUrtatva rUpahetorabhAvena amUrta tvarUpa sAdhana vikalo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, evaM zabdonityaH amUrtatvAt ghaTavat ityAdI ghaTAtmake dRSTAnta nityatvAtmaka sAdhyasyA mUtatvarUpahetozcAsadbhAvana sAdhyasAdhanobhaya dhamaM vikalo dRSTAntAbhAsa evameva ayaM puruSo rAgAdimAna vakta tvAjjinadattabat ityAdI jinadattAtmake dRSTAnte rAgAdi rUpa sAdhyasya dRSTAnte saMdigdhatvAt saMdigdhasAdhyadharmo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, anya jano mano vikArasyApratyakSatayA jinadatta rAga dve pAdayaH santi naveti sandeha sattvAt / evamevAyaM puruSo maraNadharmA rAgadvaSAdimattvAda devadattavat ityAdau devadattAtmake dRSTAnte maraNadharmAtmakasya sAdhyasya sattve'pi rAgadveSAdimattvasya hetoH saMdigdhatvAta saMdigdhasAdhana dharmonAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, evam -"ayaM sarvadarzI nAsti rAgada SAdi mattvAt muni vizeSa bat ityAdI muni vizeSAtmake dRSTAnte sarvadarzitvAbhAva rUpa sAdhyastha rAgadveSAdimattva sAdhanasya ca saMdigdhatvAt saMdigdha sAdhya sAdhanobhayadharmo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, evam ayaM puruSo rAga dvaSAdimAn vakta tvAdiSTa puruSavadityAdI iSTa puruSe dRSTAnte rAga dveSAdimattvasya sAdhyasya vakta tvarUpa sAdhanasya ca sattve'pi yo yo vaktA sa sa rAgAdimAn ityevamanvayavyApterabhAvena ananvayo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, evaM zabdo'nityaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavat ityAdI ghaTAtmake dRSTAnte'niyatvAtmaka sAdhyasya kRtakatva rUpa sAdhanasya ca sattve'pi yatra 2 kRtakatvaM tatra tatrAnityatvAmityevamanvaya vyApteH sattve'pi vAdinA bacanenA pradarzitatyAdapradarzitAndhayonAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, evaM zabdo'nityaH kRtakatvAt yada nityaM tat kRtakaM ghaTavadityAdI ghaTAtmaka dRSTAnte'nityatva rUpa sAdhyasya kRtakatvarUpa sAdhanasya sattve'pi yatkRtakaM tadanitya miti anbaya vyApte baiMparItyena yadanityaM tatkRtakam ityevamanyayavyAptiruktA tasmAdviparItAnvayau nAma dRSTAntAbhAso'vagantavyaH / / 34 //

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nyAya ratna tyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, rAtra 34 156 artha-sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa ke nau bheda haiM--jo isa prakAra se haiM-sAdhya dharma vikala dRSTAntAbhAsa (1) sAdhana dharma vikala dRSTAntAbhAsa (2) sAdhya sAdhanobhaya vikala dRSTAntAbhAsa (3) saMdigdha sAdhya dharma vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (4) saMdigdha sAdhana dharma vAlA dRSTAntAmAsa (5) saMdigdha ubhaya dharmadAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (6) ananvaya dRSTAntAbhAsa (7) apradarzitAnbaya vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (8) aura viparItAmvaya vAlA dRSTAntAbhArA (9) / hindI anuvAda-anumAnAbhAsa ke prasaMga ko lekara pakSAbhAsoM aura hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa karake aba sUtrakAra dRSTAntAbhAsoM kI prarUpaNA kara rahe haiM / isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki sAdharmya dRSTAnna aura vadharmya dRSTAnta ke bheda se dRSTAnta do prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai / isaliye sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa aura bairya dRSTAntAbhAsa ke bheda se dRSTAntAbhAsa bhI do hI prakAra kA hotA hai / inameM jo sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai vaha nau prakAra kA hotA hai-ve usake nau prakAra Upara meM prakaTa kara diye gaye haiN| inakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra se hai-jaba koI isa prakAra se kahatA hai ki 'amUrta hone ke kAraNa duHkha kI taraha pAbda nitya hai' to isa anumAna prayoga meM zabda pakSa, nitya sAdhya, amUrna hetu aura duHkha dRSTAnta hai / dRSTAnta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM rahate haiM / para yahA~ jo dRSTAnna diyA gayA hai vaha sAdhya jo nityatva hai usase rahita hai kyoMki duHkha puruSakRta pApakarma ke udaya se hotA hai| isI prakAra jaba koI pisA vAhatA hai ki zabda nitya hai kyoMki baha paramANu kI taraha abhUna hai to yahA~ para paramANu dRSTAnta meM paugalika hone se amUrta svarUpa hetu nahIM tA hai isaliye yaha sAdhana dharma bikala dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isa prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda nitya hai kyoMki vaha ghaTa kI taraha amUrta hai to yahA~ ghaTarUpa dRSTAnta meM na sAdhya rahatA aura na sAdhana hI rahatA hai-isa kAraNa yaha sAdhya sAbana ubhayadharmoM se vikala hone ke kAraNa dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha puruSa rAgAdi vAlA hai kyoMki yaha jinadatta kI taraha vaktA hai| to yahA~ para jo jinadatta dRSTAnta hai vaha saMdigdha sAdhya vAlA hone se dRSTAntAbhAsa rUpa hai kyoMki anyajanoM ke manovikAra pratyakSa hone ke kAraNa ye unameM haiM yA nahIM yaha jAnanA sandeha se khAlI nahIM hotA hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha puruSa maraNadharma vAlA hai kyoMki devadatta kI taraha yaha rAga-dveSa Adi vAlA hai | to yahA~ para jo dRSTAnta devadatta hai usameM sAdhya kI sattA rahane para bhI hetu kI sattA saMdigdha hai isalie yaha saMdigdha sAdhana vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jada koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha sarvadarzI nahIM hai kyoMki yaha muni vizeSa kI taraha rAga-dveSa Adi vAlA hai to yahA~ para jo muni vizeSa ko dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai usameM sAdhya aura sAdhana ye donoM saMdigdha haiM / isalie yaha sadigdha sAdhya sAdhana ubhaya dharma vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha puruSa rAgadveSa Adi vAlA hai kyoMki yaha vaktA hai jaisA ki iSTapuruSa to yahAM para iSTapuruSa rUpa jo dRSTAnta hai usameM yadyapi sAdhya aura sAdhana kA donoM kA sattva hai parantu phira bhI jo-jo vaktA hotA hai vaha-vaha rAgAdi vAlA hotA hai aisI anvaya vyApti nahIM banatI hai isalie yaha ananvaya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahanA hai ki zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai jaisA ki ghaTa, to yahA~ jo ghaTa dRSTAnta hai usameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM ko sattA hai parantu phira bhI jahA~-jahA~ kRtakatA hotI hai vahA~-vahA~ anityatA hotI hai isa prakAra se use vAdI ne apane vacana dvArA pradarzita nahIM kiyA hai isa kAraNa yaha apadazitAnvaya nAma kA dRSTAntAbhAma hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahanA hai ki zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kataka hotA hai jaisA ki ghaTa to yahA~ para jo ghaTampa dRSTAnta hai, usameM sAdhya

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160 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 35 aura sAdhana kA donoM kA sadbhAva hai parantu phira bhI usane jo-jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha vaha anitya hotA hai aisI anya vyApti na kahakara jo-jo anitya hai vaha-baha kataka hotA hai aisI viparIta anvaya vyApti kahI hai aura usameM dRSTAnta ghaTa kA pradarzita kiyA hai| ataH yaha viparItAnvaya nAma kA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| sUtra-sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAso navavidhaH sAdhyasAdhanobhayadharmavikalaH saMdigdha sAdhyasAdhanobhayAnanvayA pradarzitAnvayAviparItAnvayabhedAt / / 35. 11 saMskRta TIkA-anUmAnAbhAsaprasaGgena pakSAbhAsahetvAbhAsayonirUpaNaM vidhAyAdhunA tatprasaGgAdeva dRSTAntAbhAsaM nirUpayati sUtrakAraH-sAdharmyavaidharmyabhedAbhyAM dRSTAntasya vaividhyaM proktamato dRSTAntAbhAso'pi sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsabhedena dvividha eva tatra dRSTAntAmAsaH katividhaH ityArekAyAM sa navavidha ityuttarayatA sUtrakAreNa nabavidhatvameva tasya pradarzyate / tathAhi -(1) sAdhyadharma bikalaH, (2) sAdhanadharmavikalaH, (3) sAdhyasAdhanobhayadharmavikalaH, (4) maMdigdhasAdhyadharmA, (5) saMdigdhasAdhanadharmA, (6) saMdigdhasAdhyasAdhanobhayadharmA, (7) ananvayaH (8) apraNitAmvayaH, (6) viparItAnyayazceti natra "zabdo nityaH amUrtatvAt duHkha bat" ityatra duHkhAtmake dRSTAnte nityatvAtmakasAdhyasyAbhAvAt nityatvarUpasAdhyadharmavikalo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, duHkhasva puruSAdivRtta pApakarmajanyatayA nityatvAbhAvAt evaM zabdonityaH amUrtatvAt paramANuvat satyAdau paramANurUpe dRSTAnte nityatvAtmakasAdhyasya sattve'pi amUrtasvarUpa hetorabhAvena amUrtatvarUpasAdhanavikalo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH, evaM zabdonityaH amUrtatvAt ghaTavat ityAdI ghaTAtmake dRSTAnte nityatvAtmaka sAdhyasyAmUrtatvarUpahetopacAsadbhAvena sAdhyasAdhanobhayadharma vikalo dRSTAntAbhAsaH evameva ayaM puruSo rAgAdimAn vakta tvAjjinadattavat ityAdau jinadattAtmake dRSTAnte rAgAdirUpa sAdhyasya saMdigdhatvAt saMdigdhasAdhyadharmo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH anyajanomanovikArasyApratyakSatayA jinamate dRSTAnte rAgadveSAdayaH santi naveti sandeha sattvAt evamevAyaM puruSo maraNadharmA rAgadveSAdimatvAt devadattavat ityAdI devadattAtmake dRSTAnte maraNadharmAtmakaraya sAdhyasya sattve'pi rAgadveSAdimattvasya hetoH saMdigdhatvat saMdigdhasAdhanadhonAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH evaM "ayaM sarvadarzItAstirAgadveSAdimattvAt munivizeSavat ityAdI munivizeSAtmake dRSTAnte sarvadarzitvAbhAvarUpa sAdhyastha rAgadvaSAdimattvasAdhanasya ca saMdigdhatvAn saMdigdhasAdhya sAdhanobhayadharmonAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH evaM ayaM puruSo rAgapAdimAn vakta tvAdiSTa puruSavadityAdau iSTa puruSa dRSTAnte rAgadveSAdimattvarUpa sAdhyasya vakta tvarUpa sAdhanasya ca satve'piyo yo yo vaktA sa sa rAgAdimAn ityevamanvayavyApterabhAvena anandhayo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH evaM zabdonityaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavat ityAdI ghaTAtmake dRSTAnte'nityAtmaka sAdhyasya kRtakarUpasAdhanastha ca sattve'pi yatra-yatra kRtakatvaM tatra tatrAnityatvamityevamanvayavyApteH sattvepi vAdinA vacanenApradazitatvAdapradarzitAnvayo nAma dRSTAntAbhAsaH evaM zabdonityaH kRtakatvAt yadanityaM tat kRtaka ghaTavadityAdI ghaTAtmake dRSTAnte'nityatvarUpasAdhyasya kutakatvarUpasAdhanasya sattve'pi yatkRtakaM tadanityaM iti anvayavyAptevaparItyena yadanityaM tatkRtakam ityevamanvayavyAptiruktA tasmAdviparItAnvayo nAma daSTAntAbhAso'vagantavyaH / / 35 // artha-sAdharmyadRSTAnnAbhAsa ke nau bheda hai-jo isa prakAra se haiM-(1) sAdhyadharmavikala dRSTAntAbhAsa (2) sAdhana dharmavikaladRSTAntAbhAsa (3) sAdhyasAdhanobhayavikala dRSTAntAbhAsa (4) saMdigdhasAdhyadharmavAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (2) maMdigdha sAdhanadharmavAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa (6) saMdigdhaubhayadharmavAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa sa(7) ananvayadRSTAntAbhAsa (4) apradazitAnvayavAlA dRSTAntAbhAma aura (8) viparItAndayavAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa // 35 //

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 35-36 161 hindI vyAkhyA - anumAnA bhAsa ke prasaGga ko lekara pakSAbhAsoM aura hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa karake aba sUtrakAra dRSTAntAbhAsoM kI prarUpaNA kara rahe haiN| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki sAdharmya - dRSTAnta aura vaidharmyadRSTAnta ke bheda se dRSTAnta do prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai isalie sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa aura vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa ke bheda se dRSTAntAbhAsa bhI do hI prakAra kA hotA hai| inameM jo sAdharmya dRSTAtAbhAsa hai vaha nau prakAra kA hotA hai ve usake nau prakAra Upara meM prakaTa kara diye gaye haiM, inakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra se hai - jaba koI isa prakAra se kahatA hai ki "amUrta hone ke kAraNa duHkha kI taraha zabda nitya hai" to isa anumAna prayoga meM zabda pakSa nitya sAdhya amUrta hai aura duHkha dRSTAnta hai / dRSTAnta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM rahate haiM, para yahA~ jo dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai vaha sAdhya jo nityatva hai usase rahita hai kyoMki duHkha puruSakRta pApakarma ke udaya se hotA hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda nitya hai kyoMki vaha paramANu kI taraha amUrta hai to yahA~ para paramANu dRSTAnta meM paudgalika hone se amUrtasvarUpa hetu nahIM rahatA hai isalie yaha sAdhana dharmavikala dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda nitya hai kyoMki vaha ghaTa kI taraha amUrta hai to yahA~ ghaTarUpa dRSTAnta meM na sAdhya rahatA hai aura na sAdhana hI rahatA hai isa kAraNa yaha sAdhya sAdhana ubhayadharmoM se vikala hone ke kAraNa dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI prakAra jatra koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha puruSa rAgAdivAlA hai kyoMki yaha jinadatta kI taraha vaktA hai / to yahA~ para jo jinadatta dRSTAnta hai vaha saMdigdha sAdhyavAlA hone se dRSTAntAbhAsarUpa hai kyoMki anya janoM ke manovikAra apratyakSa hone ke kAraNa ve unameM haiM yA nahIM yaha jAnanA saMdeha se khAlI nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra jaba koI aisA kahanA hai ki yaha puruSa maraNadharmavAlA hai kyoMki devadata kI taraha yaha rAgadvepa AdivAlA hai to yahA~ para jo dRSTAnta devadatta hai usameM sAdhya kI sattA rahane para bhI hetu kI sattA saMdigdha hai / isalie vaha saMdigdha sAdhanavAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha sarvadarzI nahIM hai kyoMki yaha sunirvizeSa kI taraha rAgadveSa AdivAlA hai to yahAM para jo sunivizeSako dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai usameM sAdhya aura sAdhana ye donoM saMdigdha hai, isalie yaha saMdigdha sAdhya sAdhana ubhaya dharmavAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai, isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha puruSa rAgadveSa Adi vAlA hai kyoMki yaha vaktA hai, jaisAki iSTapuruSa to yahA~ para iSTapuruSarUpa rUpa jo dRSTAnta hai usameM yadyapi sAdhya aura sAdhana kA donoM kA satya hai parantu phira bhI jo jo vaktA hotA hai vaha vaha rAgAdivAlA hotA hai aisI anya vyApti nahIM banatI hai isaliye yaha ananvaya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai jaisA ki ghaTa to yahA~ jo ghaTa dRSTAnta hai usameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kI sattA hai parantu phira bhI jahA~ jahA~ kRtakatA hotI hai vahA~-vahAM anityatA hotI hai isa prakAra se use vAdI ne apane vacana dvArA pradarzita nahIM kiyA hai| isa kAraNa yaha apradarzitAnvaya nAma kA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hotA hai jo-jo anitya hotA hai vaha vaha kRtaka hotA hai jaisA ki ghaTa to yahA~ para jo ghaTarUpa dRSTAnta hai usameM sAdhya aura sAdhana kA donoM kA sadbhAva hai parantu phira bhI usane jo-jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha vaha anitya hotA hai aisI anvayavyApti na kahakara jo-jo anitya hotA hai vaha vaha kRtaka hotA hai aisI viparIta anvayavyApti kahI hai aura usameM dRSTAnta ghaTa ko pradarzita kiyA hai ataH yaha viparItAnvaya nAma kA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / / 35 / / sUtra - vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAso'pyamevAsiddha saMdigdhavyatirekAvyati rekoktyAdi yogAt ||36|| saMskRta TIkA - sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsaM nirUpya vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsaM nirUpayati sUtrakArastathAhi

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 36 vaidhadRSTAntAbhAso'pyavametra navavidhaM evaM kathamiti cedAha sAdhyAdinA yaha pUrva asiddha saMdigdha 18 yogAd pazcAt vyatirekazabdaprayogAcca tatra navavidhatvamityaM bhavati-asiddha sAdhyavyatirekaH asiddha sAdhana vyatirekaH, asiddho bhayavyatirekaH saMdigdhasAdhya vyatirekaH, saMdigdha sAdhanavyatirekaH, saMdigdho bhayavyatirekaH avyatirekaH AdinA apradarzitavyatirekaH viparItavyatirekazca gRhyate tatrAsiddhasAdhyavyatireko vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAso yathA teSu pramANeSu anumAnaM pramANaM prAntaM pramANatvAt yad bhrAntaM na bhavati tat pramANamapi na bhavati yathA svaprajJAnamityAdau vaidharmyadRSTAntarUpeNopanyaste svapnajJAne bhrAntatya rUpasAdhya vyatirekasya bhrAntatvAbhAva rUpasyAbhAvAt sAdhyavyatirekasya tatrAsiddhatayA'mi sAdhyavyatireka rUpo'yaM vaidhamrmyadRSTAntAbhAsaH asiddhasAdhanavyatireko vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAso yathA nirvikalpakaM jJAnaM pratyakSaM pramANatvAt yanna nirvikalpakaM jJAnaM tanna pramANaM yathAnAmityAcI vaidhaSTAntarUpeopanyaste'numAnAtmakajJAne pramANatvAbhAvabhAvarUpasya sAdhanavyatirekasyAbhAvAt sAdhanavyatirekasya tatrAsiddhatayA asiddha sAdhanavyatireko'yaM vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAmaH sadbha e tujanmAnumAnAt pramANatvasyAvyAvRtatvAt / evamasiddhasAdhyasAdhanobhayavyatireko vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAso yathA zabdaH kathaJcinnityAnityaH satvAt yona kathaJcinnityAnityAtmakaH sa na sat bhavati yathA stambhaH ityAdI vaidhadRSTAntampeNopanyaste stambhe kathaJcinnityAnityatvarUpa sAdhyAbhAvapya sattvarUpa sAdhanAbhAvasya cAsiddhatvena tathAvidha sAdhyasAdhanobhayasyaiva tatra sadbhAvena asiddha sAdhya sAdhanobhayavyatireko nAma vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsaH atha saMdigdha sAdhyavyatireko vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAso yathA 'kapilaH asarvajJaH anApto vA akSaNikAntavAditvAt yaH sarvajJaH Apto vA bhavati sa kSaNikakAntavAdI bhavati yathA buddhaH ityAdau vaidharmyadRSTAntarUpeNopanyaste bauddha sarvajJatvAbhAvarUpa sAdhyavyatirekasya sarvajJatvasya anAptatvabhAvarUpasAdhya vyatirekasya Aptatvasya vA saMdigdhatvena saMdigdha sAdhyavyatireko nAma vaidharmyadRSTAntAnAso bhavati buddha sarvajJatvasya Aptatvasya vA saMdigdhatvAt saMdigdhasAdhanavyatireko vaidhadRSTAntAbhAso yathA - ayaM puruSaH azra yavacana: rAgadveSAdimatvAt yaH zraddhayavacano bhavati sa vItarAgadveSo bhavati yathA bauddhaH gauddhodanirityagde vaidharmyaM dRSTAntarUpeNopanyaste zauddhodano rAga prAdimatvarUpa sAdhanAbhAvasya vItarAgadra Satvasya saMdigdhatA saMdigdha sAdhanavyatireko nAma vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsaH evaM saMdigdha sAdhyasAdhanobhayavyatireko baidharmyadRSTAntAbhAso yathA - kapilo na vItarAgaH kRpApAtreSvapi paramakaruNatayA'tarpita svamAMsakhaNDatvAt yo vItarAgo bhavati sa parama karuNatayA kRpApAtreSu samarpita svamAMsa khaNDo bhavati yathA tapanabandhuH kazcinmuni vizeSaH ityAdI vaidharmyadRSTAntarUpeNopanyaste munivizeSe tapanabandho vItarAgAbhAvAbhAvasya sAdhyAbhAvasya vItarAgatvarUpasya kRpApAtra Svapi paramakaruNatayA'rpita svamAMsakhaNDatvamya sAdhanAbhAvasya ca saMdigdhatayA saMdigdha sAdhya sAdhanobhayavyatireko vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsaH evameva avyatireko vaidhadRSTAntAbhAso yathA -- ayaM puruSo vItarAgo nAsti vakta tvAt yo vItarAgo bhavati na vaktA bhavati yathA prastarakhaNDaH ityAdI vaidharmyadRSTAntarUpeNopanyaste prastarakhaNDe sAdhyavyatirekasya vItarAgatvarUpasya vakta. vabhAvarUpasya sAdhanavyatirekasya ca sadbhAve'pi yatra yatra vItarAgatvaM tatra tatra vaktRtvAbhAvaH ityevaM vyatireka vyApterabhAvAt avyatireko nAma vaidhadRSTAntAbhAsaH apradarzitavyatireko vaidhamyehRSTAntAbhAso yathA zabdo'nityaH kRtakatvAn gaganavat ityAdau vaidharmya dRSTAntarUpeNopanyaste gagane yadanityaM na bhavati tat kRtakamapi na bhavati ityevaM rUpA yadyapi vyatirekavyAptirasti tathApi vAdinA sA svavacanena na pradarzitA tasmAt apradarzitavyatireko nAma vaidharmya hRSTAntAbhAsaH evaM viparIta vyatireko vaidhadRSTAntAbhAmo yathA zabdo'nityaH kRtakatvAt yadakRtakaM tannityaM yathA - gaganamityAdau vadharmya dRSTAntarUpeNopanyaste gagane yannityaM tadAtakamityeva vyatireka pradarzanIye yadakRtakaM tannityam ityevaM tadvaiparItyena pradarzitatvAt viparIta vyatireko nAma vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAso bhavatItyasaiyam ||36|| 162

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syAmaratna : bhyAyaralAvalI TIkA, paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 36 artha-sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa kI taraha vaidhayaM dRSTAntAbhAsa bhI nau prakAra kA hai jaise-asiddha sAdhya vyatireka Adi ||36 // hindI vyAkhyA--sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa ke nau prakAroM kA nirUpaNa karake ava sUtrakAra vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa ke nau prakAroM kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| sUtra meM Agata 'evameva' zabda yahIM sUcita karatA hai ki jisa prakAra se mAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa ke sAdhya dharmavikala Adi nau bheda kahe gaye haiM usI prakAra se vaidharmya dRSTAnta ke bho sAdhya sAdhana evaM ubhaya padoM ke pahale asiddha zabda kA yoga karake aura bAda meM vyatireka zabda kA yoga karake asiddhasAdhyavyatireka asiddhasAdhanavyatireka asiddha ubhayavyatirenA tathA mAdhyAdi padoM se pahale saMdigdha pada kA yoga karake bAda meM vyatireka zabda kA yoga karake saMdigdhasAdhya vyatireka, saMdigdhasAdhanavyatireka, saMdigdhaubhayavyatireka tathA kevala avyatireka aura Adi pada se gRhIta apradarzitavyatirekaH aura viparIta vyatireka isa prakAra se nau bheda niSpanna ho jAte haiN| anvaya sAdharmya dRSTAnta meM jisa prakAra se sAdhana ke sadbhAva meM sAdhya kA sadbhAva dikhAyA jAtA hai usI prakAra se vaidhayaM dRSTra meM mAnya ke . meM kA aAba likhAyA jAtA hai / jisa vaidharmya dRSTAnta meM sAdhya kA sAdhana kA yA donoM kA abhAva asiddha ho yA saMdigdha ho athavA ThIka taraha se prakaTa na kiyA gayA ho yA viparIta rUpa se prakaTa kiyA gayA ho daha vaidhaHdRSTAntAbhAsa kahA gayA hai usake nau bhedoM kA vicAra isa prakAra se hai / jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki una pramANoM meM anumAna bhrAnta hai kyoMki vaha pramANa hai yahA~ para vyatireka isa prakAra se banAnA cAhie-jo bhrAnta nahIM hotA hai vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hotA hai jaisA ki svapnajJAna anumAna bhrAnta hai isa prakAra ke kathana meM prAnta yaha sAdhya hai aura pramANatvAt yaha hetu hai / vyatireka meM pahale sAdhyAbhAva pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai aura bAda meM hevabhAva pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai baha yahI isa prakAra se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai jo bhrAnta nahIM hotA hai (yaha sAdhyAbhAva hai) vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hotA hai (yaha hetvabhAva hai) jaisA ki svapnajJAna (yaha vaidhayaM dRSTAnta hai) yahA~ para jo svapnajJAna ko vaidhayaMdRSTAnta ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA gayA hai vaha asiddha vyatirekavAlA vadharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai kyoMki svapnazAna meM bhrAntatvAbhAvarUpa sAdhyavyatireka kA sadbhAva nahIM hai arthAt bhrAntatA kA abhAva nahIM hai pratyuta bhrAntatA hI hai ataH svapnajJAna yaha amiddha sAdhya vyatireka vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hai kyoMki vaha pramANa hai / yahA~ para nirvikalpaka sAdhya hai aura pramANatvAt yaha hetu hai / jo nirvikalpaka nahIM hotA hai vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hotA hai yaha vyatireka hai isameM dRSTAnta anumAna hai| so graha anumAnarUpa vaidhayaMdRSTAnta asiddha sAdhana vyatireka vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsarUpa hai kyoMki anumAna meM pramANatvAbhAvarUpa jo sAdhanavyatireka hai usakA abhAva hai; kAraNa isakA yaha hai ki nirdoSa hetu se utpanna hue anumAna ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki ganda kathaMcita, nityAnityAtmaka hai kyoMki vaha sat svarUpa hai jo kathaJcit nityAnityAtmaka nahIM hotA hai vaha satsvarUpa bhI nahIM hotA hai jaisA ki stambha / yahA~ para kaJcit nityAnityAtmaka mAdhya hai aura isakA vyatireka jo kathaMci nityAnityAtmaka nahIM hotA hai vaha satsvarUpa bhI nahIM hotA hai aisA hai / isameM dRSTAnta stambha kA diyA gayA hai / so stambha meM na sAdhyavyatireka hai aura na mAdhana vyatireka hai kyoMki stambha kathaMcinnityAnityAtmaka mAnA gayA hai aura satsvarUpa mAnA gayA hai ataH stambharUpa dRSTAnta asiddha sAdhya ke abhAva vAlA aura asiddha sAdhana ke abhAva vAlA hone ke kAraNa asiddha sAdhya sAdhanobhana vyatirekavAlA vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 36-37 hai ki-kapila asarvaza yA anApta hai kyoMki vaha akSaNika ekAntavAdI hai.--ekAntataH nityavAdI hai jo sarvajJa yA Apta hotA hai vaha kSaNikaikAntavAdo hotA hai--ekAntataH kSaNikavAdI hotA hai jaisA ki sugata / yahA~ para asarvajJa yA anApta ye sAdhya haiM aura akSaNikaikAntavAdI yaha hetu hai / inakA vyatireka sarvajJa yA Apta aura kSaNikaikAntavAdI hai / isameM dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM vaidhayaM udAharaNa ke sthAna meM sugata ko upasthita kiyA gayA hai| para yaha saMdigdhasAdhya vyatireka vAlA vaidhayaM dRSTAntAbhAsa hai kyoMki sugata meM asarvajJatA meM yA janAtA ke vyatireka kA ...bhAva kA-saMdeha hai / isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha puruSa azraddhaya vacanavAlA hai kyoMki isameM rAgadveSa Adi haiM-jo aisA nahIM hotA hai-thaddha ya vacanavAlA hotA hai-baha aisA bhI nahIM hotA hai-rAgadveSa AdivAlA nahIM hotA hai jaisA ki zaddhodana kA putra buddha / yahA~ para azraddhaya vacana kA vyatireka zraddhavacana aura rAgadvaSAdimatva kA vyatireka votarAga-duSavAlA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / isameM vaidharmyadRSTAnta ke sthAna para buddha ko rakhA gayA hai / so yaha vaidhayaM dRSTAntAbhAsa rUpa hai kyoMki buddha meM vItarAgadveSavattA saMdigdha hai. isa kAraNa yaha saMdigdha sAdhana vyatireka bAlA vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI isa prakAra se kahatA hai 'kapila vItarAga nahIM hai kyoMki usane dayA karake kRpApAtroM ko bhI apane mAMsa kA khaNDa taka nahIM diyA jo vItarAga hotA hai vaha dayAlu hotA huA kRpApAtroM ko apane mAMsa kA khaNDa pradAna karatA hai jaisA ki tapanabandhu kisI muni vizeSa ne kiyA hai / yahA~ para sAdhya vItarAgabhAva hai aura sAdhana dayA se prerita hokara kRpApAtroM ke lie apane mAsa kA khaNDa nahIM denA hai| ina donoM sAdhya aura sAdhana kAvyAtaraka vItarAga Ara dayA hokAra kRpApAtroM ko svamAMsa khaNDa kA pradAna karatA hai| isa vyatireka meM dRSTAnta rUpa se tapanabandhu muni vizeSa ko rakhA gayA hai / so isa vyatireka dRSTAnta meM vItarAgatra rUpa sAdhya kA aura parama dayA se prerita hokara kRpApAtroM ke lie svamAMsa khaNDa kA pradAna karanA rUpa sAdhana ye donoM hI saMdigdha hai ataH yaha saMdigdha sAdhya sAdhana vyatireka vAlA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai-yaha puruSa vItarAga nahIM hai kyoMki yaha vaktA hai jo bIta rAga hotA hai vaha vaktA nahIM hotA hai jaisA ki prastara khaNDa / yahA~ prastarakhaNDa meM sAdhya vyatireka rUpa vItarAgatva kA aura sAdhana vyatireka rUpa vaktRtvAbhAva (abaktRtva) kA yadyapi sadbhAva hai parantu phira bhI aisI vyatireka vyApti nahIM banatI hai ki jahA~-jahA~ vItarAgatA hotI hai vahA~-vahA~ vaktRtvAbhAva hotA hai ataH yaha avyatireka nAma kA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI taraha jaba koI aisA kahatA hai-zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kutaka hotA hai jaisA ki gamana / yahA~ para gagana yaha vyatireka dRSTAnta ke sthAna para prayukta huA hai / isameM jo anitya nahIM hotA hai vaha kataka bhI nahIM hotA hai aisI vyatireka vyApti yadyapi maujUda hai parantu phira bhI vaha vAdI ne apane vacana dvArA pradarzita nahIM kI hai / isI kAraNa yaha apradarzita vyatireka nAma kA vaidhayaM dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / isI taraha jaba koI koI aisA kahatA hai-zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kRtaka hotA hai jo kRtaka nahIM hotA hai vaha anitya bhI nahIM hotA hai jaise AkAza / isa prakAra se yahA~ para jo yaha vyatireka AkAza meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai vaha viparIta rUpa meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai prakaTa to vyatireka isa prakAra se karanA thA ki jo anitya nahIM hotA hai vaha kRtaka bhI nahIM hotA hai / isIlie yaha viparIta vyatireka bAlA vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa kahA gayA hai // 36 // sUtra-pakSahetoH sAdhyasya coktalakSaNavaparItyetopasaMhArAvapanaya-nigamanAbhAsI / / 37 / / saMskRta TIkA-sAdharmyadharmya dRSTAntAbhAsasya nirUpaNaM vidhAya samprati sUtrakAra upanayanigamanAbhAso nirUpaNArtha pakSe hetorityAdi sUtramAha-pakSe sAdhyaviziSTe parvatAdau miNi hetorupasaMhAra upanayaH, sAdhyasya copasaMhAro nigamana iti sulakSaNamanayAH pratipAditam yathA-parvato'yaM vahnimAn dhUmavatvAt

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nyAyarana : nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sUtra 37-38 165 yaditthaM tadityaM yathA mahAnasam tathA cAyaM dhUmavAn tasmAdagnimaniti atra "tathA cAyamiti upanayavAkyam tasmAdagnimAniti nigamanavAkyam etallakSaNa vaiparItyena yadupasaMhareNaM tadeva tatra tadAbhAsatvaM yathA tathA cArya parvato pahnimAn tasmAddha mavAn iti atra pakSa prathamaM hetorUpa saMhArApekSayA sAdhyasyavopasaMharaNAt sAdhyasyopasaMhA pakSamA paheko ipaharaNAsadAlAsamA vijJa yA bhavati / / 37 / / / artha-pakSa meM hetu kA aura sAdhya kA upasaMhAra karanA yaha kramazaH upanaya aura nigamana kA yathArtha svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai parantu isa pratipAdita svarUpa kI apekSA inakA viparIta rUpa se upasaMhAra karanA yahI unameM tadAbhAsatA hai / / 37 // hindI vyAkhyA--sUtrakAra ne sAdhamrya aura vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa karake isa sUtra dvArA upanayAbhAsa aura nigamanAbhAsa kA kyA svarUpa hai isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai, isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki yaha parvata agnivAlA hai kyoMki yaha dhUmadhAlA hai jo-jo dhUmabAlA hotA hai vaha-vaha agnivAlA hotA hai jaisA ki rasoIghara / yahA~ taka to pratijJAvAkya hetuvAkya aura udAharaNa vAkya meM saba dArzanika paddhati ke anusAra haiM parantu java aisA vaha kahatA hai ki yaha parvata agnivAlA hai isalie yaha dhUmavAlA hai to aisA usakA yaha kathana-jo pakSa meM sAdhya ke upamahAra rUpa hai vaha upanayAbhAsa rUpa hai kyoMki isa prakAra ke kathana se jahA~-jahA~ agni hotI hai vahA~-vahA~ dhUma hotA hai aisI vyApti banAI gaI pramANita ho jAtI hai parantu aisI vyApti sadoSa hai kyoMki ayogolaka meM agni kI maujUdagI meM bhI dhUma kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai ataH pakSa meM hetu kA pahale upasaMhAra na karake jo sAdhya kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai vaha upanayAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jaba koI aisA kahatA hai ki agnibAlA hone se hI yaha parvata dhUmabAlA hai to yaha pakSa meM hetu kA duharAnA nigamanAbhAsa hai, kyoMki pahale hetu ko pakSa meM duharAyA jAtA hai aura bAda meM sAdhya ko duharAyA jAtA hai aisA hI niyama hai / yahA~ usa niyama kA ullaMghana kiyA gayA hai aura usake viparIta unakA kathana huA hai ataH upanaya meM aura nigamana meM isa prakAra se tadAbhAsatA AtI hai aisA jAnanA / / 37 / / sUtra-vipratArakAdivAkyajanyaM jJAnamAgamAbhAsam // 38 // saMskRta TokA-AptavAkyajanyamarthajJAnamAgama iti pUrva kathitam asmAllakSaNAdviparItaM vipratArakAdivacanAjjAyamAnamarthajJAnamAgamAbhAsamuktam, yathA-gaMbhIrAnadyAstaTe tAlatamAlahintAlamUle anAyAsalabhyA bahavaH piNDakhajU rA: santi, bho mANavakAH ! sattvaraM dhAvata-dhAvata iti / / 38 // artha-vipratAraka Adi janoM ke vacanoM se jo arthazAna hotA hai vaha AgamAbhAsa hai / / 38 // hindI vyAkhyA-Aptajana ke bacana se jo artha jJAna hotA hai vaha Agama hai aisA Agama kA sulakSaNa hai parantu jo lakSaNa isa kathita lakSaNa se viparIta jAtA hai vaha sulakSaNa Agama kA nahIM hai pratyuta vaha AgamAbhAsa hai jaise koI vipratAraka puruSa jaba aisA kahatA hai ki he bacco ! gaMbhIrA nadI ke tIra para tAla tamAla aura hintAlavRkSoM ke binA visI parizrama ke kie bahuta se piNDakhajUre par3e hue milate haiM isaliye tuma loga bahuta hI jaldI-jaldI dor3o-dor3o / yaha vipratAraka puruSa kA vacana jo ki svayaM meM hI apramANabhUta hai usase jo aisA bodha karAyA jA rahA hai ki tAla Adi vRkSoM ke nIce piNDakhajUrA par3e hae milate haiM so yaha AgamAbhAsa hai / yahA~ jo Adi pada prayukta huA hai usase yaha dhvanita kiyA gayA hai ki yadi koI vipratAraka nahIM bhI hai parantu yadi vaha jhUThamUTha hI kisI ko ha~sI majAka meM ayathArthavacana prayakta karatA hai to una vacanoM se janya vaha jJAna bhI AgamAbhAsa hI hai| pahale Apta ke do bheda prakaTa

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : caturtha adhyAya, sUtra 39 kiye gaye haiM-eka kevalajJAnI aura dUsare janakAdi / inameM kevalajJAnI lokottara Apta haiM aura janaka Adi laukika Apta hai / kyoMki laukika vyavahAra meM mAtA-pitA Adi prAmANika mAne jAte haiM / jo vacana Aptokta nahIM hotA hai vaha vathArthataH AgamakoTi meM jainamAnyatAnusAra parigaNita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| paMcaparameSThI ke sivAya paramArthataH lokottara Apta koI nahIM mAnA gayA hai| prazna-jaba AgamAbhAsa kA Apane yaha lakSaNa kiyA hai to isase unakI bhra saMjJA Adi se jAyamAna jJAna AgamAbhAsa nahIM kahalA sakegA kyA? uttara-unake vacana se jAyamAna jJAna ko jaba AgamAbhAsa kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai to isase yaha bhI jAna lenA cAhie ki kasA Adhize AmAja zAma bhI agamAvAsa kI dhaNI meM hI rakhA gayA hai| prazna-isa bAta kA sUcaka sUtra meM to koI zabda hai hI nahIM phira Apa aisA kase kahate haiM ? uttara-sUtra meM "vacana" yaha zabda upalakSaNarUpa hai ataH isase hI 5 saMjJA Adi kA grahaNa ho gayA hai / / 3 / / sUtra-ukta pramANadvayAtiriktanyUnAdhikatatsaMkhyAnaM sakhyAbhAsam / / 36 / / saMskRta TIkA-AgamapramANAbhAsaM nirUpya saMkhyAbhAsaM nirUpayitumuktapramANadva yAtirikta tyAdi sutramAha sUtrakAraH-tathA ca pratyakSamevaika pramANamiti cArvAka kalpitapramANasaMkhyA, pratyakSamanumAna caitad dvayameva pramANAmiti tathAgatakalpita pramANasaMkhyA, pratyakSamanumAnamAgamazcaita trayameva pramANamiti sAkhyakAlAtapramANasakhyA, pratyakSamanumAnamAgama upamAnacIta catvAyava pramANAni iti cAkSapAdakalpita pramANasaMkhyA aApattiyutaM taccatuSTayamevaM pramANamiti prabhAkarakalpitapaJcapramANasaMkhyA anupalabdhi sahitametatpaJcakameva pramANamiti bhaTTamatakalpita pramANaSaTkasaMsthA, saMbhava sahitametatSaTakaM pramANamiti paurANikakalpita saptapramANasaMkhyA, aitihyasahitametatsaptakameva pramANamiti aitihAsikakalpitapramANASTakasaMkhyA, ceSTAsahita getadaSTakameva pramANamiti paurohityakalpitanava pramANasaMkhyA pramANasaMkhyAbhAsarUpava pratyakSaparokSabhedena pramANadvitvasaMkhyAyA eva pAramArthikatvAt / / 36 / / ___ artha-pramANa kI saMkhyA bheda jaisI jitanI pIche kahI gaI hai usase atirikta usakI saMkhyA pramANAbhAsa meM parigaNita huI hai / / 36 / / hindI vyAkhyA-AgamapramANAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa karake sUtrakAra ne isa sutra dvArA pramANa saMkhyAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki cArvAka ne pratyakSa hI pramANa hai anumAnAdika pramANa nahIM hai isa rUpa se jo pramANasaMkhyA eka hI rUpa mAnI hai, vaha bauddha ne pratyakSa aura anumAna ke bheda se pramANa saMkhyA do mAnI hai, vaha sAMkhya ne pratyakSa anumAna aura Agama ke bheda se pramANa saMkhyA tIna mAnI hai, vaha akSapAda ne pratyakSa anumAna Agama aura upamAna ke bheda se pramANasaMkhyA cAra mAnI hai, vaha prabhAkara ne pratyakSa anumAna Agama upamAna aura arthApatti ke bheda se pramANasaMkhyA pAMca mAnI hai, vaha bhaTTa ne pratyakSa anumAna Agama upamAna arthApatti aura anupalabdhi abhAva ke bheda se pramANa saMkhyA chaha mAnI hai, vaha paurANikoM ne pratyakSa anumAna Agama upamAna arthApatti abhAva aura saMbhava ke bheda se pramANasaMkhyA sAla mAnI hai, vaha aitihAsikoM ne pratyakSa anumAna Agama upamAna arthApatti abhAva saMbhava aura aitihya ke bheda se pramANasaMkhyA ATha mAnI hai vaha aura paurohitoM ne pratyakSa anumAna Amama upamAna arthApatti abhAva saMbhava aitihya aura ceSTA ke bheda se pramANa saMkhyA mAnI hai / so ye saba saMkhyAbhAsa rUpa hI haiM kyoMki

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paMcama adhyAya, sutra 40-41 pratyakSa aura parokSa ke bheda se pramANasaMkhyA do rUpa hI yathArtha hai yaha saba isakI bar3I TIkA se sphuTa rUpa se jJAta hogA // 36 / / sUtra--sAmAnyameva vizeSa evaM vA nirapekSaM tadubhayameva pramANa-viSaya iti tasya viSayAbhAsaH ||40 // saMskRta TokA-- sAmAnyavizeSAtmakasya vastunaH sattvena tadAtmakameva jIvAdivastu pramANaviSayo bhavati ataH sAmAnyameva pramANa-viSaya iti sattAdvaitamataM vizeSa eva pramANaviSaya iti bauddhamataM paramparanirapekSA sAmAnyavizeSau eva pramANa viSayaH iti naiyAyikamataM viSayAmAsasvarUpa mantavyaM parasparApekSapa sAmAnya vizeSAtmakasya vastunaH pramANaviSayatvenoktatvAt / / 4 / / artha-sAmAnya hI pramANa kA viSaya hai athavA vizeSa hI yA paraspara nirapekSa sAmAnya vize hI pramANa kA viSaya hai aisI jo mAnyatA hai vahI pramANa kA viSayAbhAsa hai| hindI vyAkhyA-pratyeka padArtha sAmAnya aura vizeSa dharmoM kA Ayatana hai inakI eka ke binA eka ke abhAva meM svarupa sattA hI nahIM bana sakatI hai / tathA ye donoM dharma paraspara meM sarvathA nirapekSa bhI nahIM hai / ataH jaba vastu hI sAmAnya vizeSa dharmAtmaka hai to pramANa kA viSaya bhI sAmAnya vizeSa rUpa ho hai ataH sattAdvaitavAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA ki pramANa kevala sAmAnya ko hI jAnatA hai vizeSa dharma ko nahIM jAnatA yA bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA ki pramANa kevala eka vizeSa ko hI jAnatA hai sAmAnya dharma ko nahIM jAnatA tathA naMyAyikoM kI yaha mAnyatA ki pramANa kevala paraspara meM sarvathA eka dusare kI apekSA se bihIna hue sAmAnya ko aura vizeSa donoM kI hI jAnatA hai usa pramANa kI viSayAbhAsa svarUpa hI hai kyoMki sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka padArtha hI pramANa kA viSaya hotA hai yaha bAta pIche ke sUtroM dvArA spaSTa kI jA cukI hai| sUtra-pramANAttatphalaM sarvathA bhinnamabhinnaM veti phalAbhAsaM / / 41 / / / saMskRta TIkA--pramANAdajJAnanivRttyAdirUpaM phalamekAntena bhinnamabhinnaM ceti naiyAyika bauddhamatoktaM pramANaphalAbhAsarUpameva pramANAttatphalasya kathaJcibhi nAbhinnatvasyaivAnubhAvAt / / 4 / / artha-pramANa kA phala pramANa se sarvathA judA hai yA sarvathA judA nahIM hai aisI jo ekAntarUpa se anthIrthika janoM kI mAnyatA hai vahI usakA phalAbhAsa hai| hindI vyAkhyA-yaha pIche spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki pramANa kA ajJAnanivRttirUpa sAkSAtphala aura hAnopAdAnopekSArUpa paramparAphala pramANa se kisI apekSA bhinna bhI hai aura kisI apekSA abhinna bhI hai| parantu isa siddhAnta ko na mAnakara kevala svamatavyAmoha ke kAraNa jo bauddha siddhAnta pramANa ke phala ko pramANa se sarvathA abhinna mAnatA hai aura naiyAyika siddhAnta pramANa se pramANa ke phala ko sarvathA bhinna mAnatA hai so yaha aisI mAnyatA pramANa kI phalAbhAsarUpa hI hai aisA jAnanA cAhie / / 4 / / || paMcama adhyAyaH samAptaH / /

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atha SaSTho'dhyAyaH sUtra-pramANAdhita vastunyanantarmiNyekaikAMzaparyavasAyItarAMzAmapalApI jJAturabhiprAyo nayaH / / 1 / / saMskRta TokA-savizadaM pramANasvarUpAdikaM pratipAdyAsmin SaSThAdhyAye nayasvarUpatadAbhAsAdInAM nirUpaNaM kartumAdI nayasvarUpaM sUtrakAro nirUpayati vastunItyAdinA mUtreNa vastu nAvadanantadharmAtmaka pratipAditam tattu tha tajJAnapramANaviSayabhUtam / yadA tadeva bastu nayapathamavatarati tadA vastugatAnantadharmebhyo dharmamekamAdAya pratipattA tatpratipAdanaparastadgata ganimAsikAmavalambya svAmitrata dhama viziSTaM tat prasAdhayati ayamevaikAzaparyavasAyItarAMzAnapalApI prattipatturabhiprAyavizeSo nayaH kathitaH nAyaM nayaH pramANasvarUpaH kintu pramANakaTeza: samudrajalabindubat / yadyami nayA ajantA ananta dharmatvAt vastunaH tadekadharmaparyavasitAnAM vakturabhiprAyANAM ca nayatvAt tathA ca---"jAvaiyA kyaNapahA tAvaiyA veva hu~ti nayavAyA" / tathApi purAtanAcAryaH sarvasaMgrAhisaptAbhiprAya parikalpanAdvoraNa nayAH saptapratipAditAH // 1 // artha-vastu ananta dharmoM kA ekapiNDarUpa hai isake anusAra pratyeka jIvAdi padArtha ekAntataH kisI eka hI dharma se AliGgita nahIM haiM vaha to ananta dharmAtmaka hai ataH zrata pramANa se adhigata ananta dharmAtmaka vastu meM se kisI ekaeka vivakSita dharma kI mukhyatA karake aura NeSa dharmoM ko gauNa karake usa vasta kA usa eka dharma ke dvArA pratipAdana karane vAle kA jo abhiprAya vizeSa hai usI kA nAma naya hai // 1 // hindI vyAkhyA-vizada rUpa se pramANa kA svarUpa, pramANa kI saMkhyA, pramANa kA viSaya, pramANa kA phala, pramANAbhAsa, saMkhyAbhAsa, viSayAbhAsa evaM phalAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa karake aba sUtrakAra isa adhyAya meM naya kA aura nayAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| nayAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa naya ke svarUpa ke nirUpaNa ke adhIna hai, isalie ve sabase pahale yahA~ naya kA kyA svarUpa hai isakA nirUpaNa karate haiM / yaha to spaSTa rUpa se samajhAyA jA cukA hai ki vastu ananta dharmoM se yukta hai aura anantadharmAtmaka usa vastu ko jAnane vAlA zra tajJAna pramANa hai, naya nahIM / kyoMki anantadharmoM ko yugapat jAnane kI zakti naya meM nahIM hai yaha to ananta dharmoM se yukta huI vastu meM se kisI eka dharma ko apanI vivakSA kA viSayabhUta banAkara usakA pratipAdana karatA hai| parantu apane vivakSita dharma ke atirikta zeSa dharmoM kA vaha khaNDana nahIM karatA hai / hA~, unheM vaha gauNa kara detA hai / isa nayamArga kA avalambana karane vAlA vaktA jisa dharma ke pratipAdana karane ke abhiprAya bAlA hotA hai usakA vahI abhiprAya naya hai / isa prakAra kA abhiprAya cUMki bastugata anantadharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko ho viSaya karatA hai parantu isakA abhiprAya

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA: SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 1-2-3 166 yaha nahIM hai ki vaha vastugata zeSa dharmoM ko tiraskRta karatA ho / loka meM bhI to yahI dekhA jAtA hai ki jisakA vivAha hotA hai usI kI prazaMsA ke gIta gAye jAte haiN| isase yaha tAtparya to nikalatA nahIM hai ki dUsaroM kA tiraskAra kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra se vaktA yA prativaktA jisa vivakSita dharma se viziSTa karake vastu kA kathana karatA hai vaha usI ke gIta gAtA hai| isase usakI dRSTi vastugata zeSa dharmoM ko tiraskAra karane kI ora nahIM hotI hai aura jahA~ aisI dRSTi hai vahIM vaha dRSTi sunayarUpa nahIM hai kintu durUpa hI hai / prazna - naya pramANarUpa hai yA apramANarUpa hai ? uttara - naya na pramANarUpa hai aura na apramANarUpa hai kintu vaha pramANa kA ekadezarUpa hai / jisa prakAra samudra kI taraha bindu na pUrNa samudra rUpa hotI hai aura na asamudrarUpa hotI hai kintu samudra kI ekadeza rUpa hotI hai / prazna - Age isa grantha meM naya sAta haiM aisA kahA jAyegA - so yaha kahanA "varatuoM meM anantadharma haiM ataeva unake pratipAdaka vacanarUpa naya bhI ananta haiM" isa kathana ke anusAra viruddha par3atA hai / uttara - bAta to aisI hI hai ki anantadharma haiM aura ananta hI naya haiM para sAta jo naya kahe gaye haiM ve hI una saba nayoM ke saMgrAhaka ho jAte haiM isalie koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| isa sambandha meM spaSTIkaraNa naigamAdi nathoM ke svarUpa pratipAdana karate samaya kiyA jAyegA / / 1 / / sUtra - naigama saMgrahavyavahAraju' sUtra zabdasamabhirUdevaMbhUtAbhedAtsa saptavidhaH // 2 // saMskRta TIkA - anantAzAtmake vastunye kAMza viSayako nayo bhavatIti tasya sAmAnyalakSaNamabhidhAyAdhunA sUtrakArastadvikalpAna pratipAdayati naigamaH, saMgraho, vyavahAraH, RjusUtram zabdaH, samabhirUDhaH evaMbhUtazmAni tadvikalpAnAM nAmAni eteSAM svarUpaM sadRSTAntaM sUtrakAraH svayamevAgre'bhidhAsyAmi nocyate'to'tra mayA / / 2 / / artha - naigamanaya, saMgranaya, vyavahAranaya, RjusUtranaya, zabdanaya, samabhirUDanaya aura evaMbhUtanayaye sAta naya haiM // 2 // hindI vyAkhyA - naya anantazAtmaka vastu meM se usake eka aMza ko viSaya karane vAlA hotA hai yaha naya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa kahA hai| inake bhedoM ke nAma sUtrokta haiM / granthakAra svayaM hI dRSTAnta sahita inake lakSaNoM kA kathana Age karane vAle haiM ataH inakA svarUpa hama yahA~ nahIM kaha rahe haiM // 2 // sUtra- svepsitadharmAditara dharmApalApI tasyAbhAsaH // 3 // saMskRta TokA - pratipatturtho'bhiprAyaH svAbhipretAdezAt vastugaterAMzAna palapati - niSedhati'so'bhi prAyastasya nayAbhAsa ucyate / nayalakSaNarahitvAttadabhiprAyasya ato'nyatIrthikAnAmekAntanityAnityatvAdi vyavasthApakaM sarvamapi vAkyaM mayAbhAsakoTibhAgacchati svAbhimatAMzAtiriktAnyavastugata vaMzAtAmapalApakasvAt // 3 // hindI vyAkhyA -naya kA jaisA lakSaNa Upara prakaTa kiyA gayA hai usake anurUpa na hokara pratipattA kA yA vaktA kA jo abhiprAya apane icchita dharma kA hI poSaNa karatA huA maMDana karatA huA vastu 1 "rAdeva satsyAditi vidyArthI bhIyena durnIniya pramANe : " - syAdvAvamaMjayam /

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170 nyAyaralna : nyAyaralAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 4 gata anya dharmoM kA khaNDana karatA hai unakA niSedha karatA hai-vaha usakA abhiprAya nayAbhAsa rUpa kahA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha nayalakSaNa se vihIna hotA hai ataH anyatIthika janoM dvArA jo ekAntarUpa se nitya anitya Adi ke vyavasthApaka kathana kiye gaye haiM ve saba nayAbhAsa kI hI koTi meM A jAte haiM kyoMki inake vyavasthApaka vacanoM meM svAbhipreta siddhAnta ke atirikta vastugata anya dharmoM kA apalApa bharA rahatA sUtra-saMkSepa vistArAbhyAmapi nayasya va vidhyamuktam // 4 // saMskRta TIkA-negamAdi nayApekSayA nayasya saptavidhatvamuktvApi punaH prakArAntareNa tatra dvavidhyaM / vyAsasamAsanayAbhyAma tatra samAsanayApekSayA nayasya vyAthikA paryAyAdhiko do bhedostaH / dhyAsanayApekSayA tasya dhAnekabhedAH / dravyamevArthaH prayojanamasyeti dravyAthikaH / paryAya eva prayojanamasyeti paryAyArthivAH / dradhati adudra vat droSyati itidravyam / dravyarUpo'rtho'sya viSayatvena vartate iti dravyAthikaH sa viSayatvenAsyAstIti paryAyAthikaH / yathA suvarNasya valayakuNDalAdirUpAH paryAyA aneke bhavanti teSAmutpattivinAzayuktatvAt teSu ca sarveSu valayAdiparyAgreSu suvarNasyopalabhyamAnatvena suvarNa dravyamityucyate tasya sarveSvapi valayAdi paryAyeSu anuvartamAnatvAt ato dravyAthikanayo bhavati sAmAnyAMzagocaro vastumAtrasya sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatvAt vizeSAMzagocarapaca paryAyAthikanayo bhavati sAmAnyaM dvividhaM pUrvamevoktaM vizeSazcApi pratiparyAyAnuyApi UryatA sAmAnya prativyakti sadRza pariNAmalakSaNaM ca tiryak sAmAnyam / guNaparyAyabhedAd vizeSazcApi vividhaH kathitaH kramabhAvI paryAyaH vizeSaH zuklana SNatvAdirUpoguNaH // 4 // artha-saMkSepanaya aura vistAranaya ke bheda se bhI naya meM dvividhatA kahI gayI hai / hindI vyAkhyA-negamAdi nayoM kI apekSA yadyapi naya sAta vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiye gaye haiM phira bhI prakArAntara se naya ko do vibhAgoM meM aura vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / ve do vibhAga usake vyAsanaya aura samAsanaya haiM / samAsanaya kI apekSA naya ke dravyAthikanaya aura paryAyAthikanaya aise do bheda haiM aura vyAsanaya kI apekSA nayake aneka bheda haiM / isa kathana kA tAtparya yahI hai ki yadi samAsa saMkSepa rUpa se naya ke bheda kiye jAveM to ve dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika aise do hote haiM aura vistAra se yadi bheda kiye jAveM to ve aneka hote haiN| jisa naya kA viSaya kevala dravya hI hotA hai arthAt jo dravya ko hI mukhya rUpa se viSaya karatA hai vaha dravyAthikanaya hai aura jo kevala paryAya ko hI viSaya karatA hai vaha paryAyAthikanaya hai| jo una-una paryAyoM ko prApta karatA rahatA hai bhUtakAla meM jisane paryAyoM ko prApta kiyA hai tathA bhaviSyat kAla meM bhI jo paryAyoM ko prApta karane vAlA hai usakA nAma dravya hai arthAt trikAla meM bhI jo paryAyoM se rikta nahIM hotA hai hara samaya jisameM paryAyoM kI mAlA utpanna aura vilIna hotI rahatI hai vahI dravya hai / yaha dravya hI jisa naya kA viSaya hai vahI naya dravyAthika naya hai / dravyAthika naya meM dravya kI hI mukhyatA rahatI hai, paryAya kI nahIM / jo utpAda aura vyayarUpa pariNati ko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai yaha paryAya hai / yaha paryAya rUpa artha jimakA viSaya hotA hai vaha paryAyAthika naya hai| jame suvarNa kI kaTaka-kuNDala Adi rUpa avasthAeM aneka hotI haiM aura ve utpanna aura dhvasta hotI rahatI haiM parantu ina sabameM suvarNa dravya kA anvaya calatA rahatA hai / isalie suvarNa ko dravya ke sthAna para samajhanA cAhie aura isI dravya ko dravyAthika naya viSaya karatA hai / dravya kA nAma hI sAmAnyAMza hai / vastu sAmAnya vizeSa dharmAtmaka hai / isameM sAmAnyAMza ko jAnane vAlA yaha dradhyAthikanaya hai aura paryAyAMza ko jAnane vAlA paryAyAthikanaya haiM / sAmAnya tiryak sAmAnya aura vizeSa bhI paryAya aura guNa kI apekSA lekara do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / jo apane vyaktiyoM meM sadRza pariNamanarUpa hotA hai vaha tiryaka sAmAnya hai pramazaH hone vAlA paryAya

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 5-6-7-8 171 vizeSa aura dravya ke sAtha sadA rahane vAlA guNa vizeSa hai| yaha guNavizeSa kRSNa zukla Adi rUpa hotA hai / sUtra-saMkSepato nayodvividho dravyaparyAyArthika vikalpAt // 5 // saMskRta TIkA-saMkSepataH saMkSepamAzritya paMcamyarthe tasila dravyaparyAyArthika vikalpAt ityatra dravyArthika paryAyArthika vikalpAditi dvandvAnte zrayamANaM padaM pratyekamabhisaMbadhyate itivacanAt jJAtavyam uttAnArtha midaM sUtram / / 5 / / hindI vyAkhyA - "saMkSepataH " zabda kA artha "saMkSepa vidhi ko Azrita karake" aisA hai| yahAM paMcamI vibhakti ke artha meM yaha tarIila pratyaya huA hai tathA - " dravyaparyAya" ina padoM meM dvandva samAsa huA hai / dvandva samAsa ke anta meM Agata pada kA sambandha pratyeka pada ke sAtha ho jAtA hai / isa kathana anusAra Arthika pada kA sambandha dravya ke sAtha bhI ho jAne se dravyArthika aisA pada banAyA gayA hai| sUtra kA artha spaSTa hai || 5 || sUtra - vistarato nayo'nekavidhaH // 6 // saMskRta TIkA - pratipatRNAmabhiprAyavizeSANAM bahutvasaMbhavena niyatasaMkhyayA nirdhArayitumazakyatayA nayA anekavidhA evaM saMbhavanti pratipatRparAmarzANAmetra nayarUpatvAttatrAnekavidhatvaM svataH eva siddhayati kimatra paryAlocanayA // 6 // hindI vyAkhyA - vistAra se naya kA vicAra karane para vaha aneka prakAra kA hai| kyoMki pratipattAjanoM ke abhiprAyavizeSa hI to nayarUpa kahe gaye haiM aura ve abhiprAyavizeSa aneka hote haiM kyoMki vastugata eka-eka dharma kI paryAlocanA pratipattAjana aneka rIti se karatA hai isalie abhiprAyoM ko niyata saMkhyA se baddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ataH isameM vizeSa vicAra kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai ki vistAra kI apekSA naya anekavidha kyoM kahA gayA hai kyoMki naya meM isa prakAra ke vicAroM ko lekara vividhatA aneka prakAratA to svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai // 6 // sUtra -- naigamasaMgraha vyavahAra vikalpaistredhA dravyArthikaH // 7 // saMskRta TIkA - dravyArthikanamastrividho gatito naigamanaya saMgrahnaya vyavahAranaya bhedAt / naigamAdi nayAnAmeSAM svarUpamana e sUtrakAraH svayamevAbhidhAsyati nocyate'taH // 7 // artha - negamanaya, saMgrahanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke bheda se dravyArthikanaya tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / sUtrakAra svayaM hI naigamAdi nayoM kA varNana karane vAle haiM ataH inake sambandha meM yahA~ hamane kucha bhI nahIM kahA hai // 7 // sUtra -- gauNamukhyabhAvena paryAyayo dvaM vyayodravya paryAyayozca vivakSaNAtmako naigamanayaH // 8 // saMskRta TIkA --- dravyAthikanayasya bhedasvarUpaM prathamaM naMgamanayaM prarUpayannAhasUtrakAraH dvayoH parayayoH, dvayoH dravyayoH, dravyaparyAyayozca pradhAnopasarjana bhAvena yenAbhiprAyavizeSeNa vivakSA kriyate so'bhiprAya vizeSo naigamanaya ucyate etena ekasya dravyasya paryAyasya vA mukhyatayA'parasya ca paryAyasya paryAyasya dravya vA yatrApradhAnatayA vivakSaNaM bhavati so'bhiprAyo naigamarUpo mantavyaH nekegamAH bodhamArgAH yasya sa naigama iti vyutpatteH / dvayoH paryAyayoH pradhAnagoNabhAvena vivakSaNamitthaM yathA- "satvaviziSTaM caitanyamAtmani vartate "

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173 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : paSThama adhyAye, saMtra ityatra caitanyarUpasya guNAtmaka paryAyasya prAdhAnyena vivakSA sattvasya ca catanyavizeSaNatvena gauNarUpeNa vivakSA midvayoH pradhAnagINabhAvena vivakSaNamityaM yathA-"paryAyavavavyaM vastu vartate" ityatra paryAyavaddravyasya dharmiNo gauNatvena vivakSaNaM vasturUpasya ca dharmiNaH prAdhAnyena vilakSaNam / dravyaparyAyayozca pradhAnopasarjanabhAvena vivakSaNaM yathA-"viSayAsaktajIvaH kSaNamekaM sukhI ityatra viSayAsaktajIvasya dharmiNaH prAdhAnyena vivakSaNaM vizeSyatvAt sukhAtmakadharmasya tu gauNatvena vivakSaNaM vizeSaNatvAt eteSu triSvapyudAharaNeSu naMgamanayasya dravyaviSayakatayA dravyAthika nayatvamavagantadhyam / / 8 / / ___ artha-jisa abhiprAya ke dvArA do paryAyoM kI, do dravyoM kI aura dravyaparyAya kI mukhya aura gauNarUpa se vivakSA kI jAtI hai aisA vaha vaktA kA abhiprAya hI naMgamanayarUpa kahA gayA hai / / 8 / / hindI vyAkhyA naigamanaya dravyAthikanaya kA eka bheda hai ataH sarvaprathama isakI prarUpaNA karane ke khyAla se sUtrakAra ne yahA~ isa sUtra dvArA AgamaparamparA saMmata lakSaNa kahA hai / isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki yaha naigamanaya vastu kA bodha karAne ke lie aneka mArgAvalambI hotA hai jisa prakAra se jijJAsu vastu ke svarUpa ko hRdayaGgama karale usa rUpa se yaha use samajhAtA hai yadi koI vastu ko sarvathA nitya mAnatA hai aura koI vasta ko sarvathA anitya mAnatA hai to yaha naya una donoM ko isa prakAra detA hai ki jisase una donoM ke vicAroM meM samanvaya kI bhAvanA utpanna ho jAya / jitane bhI mata haiM ye saba dRSTi kI bhinnatA ke hI pariNAma haiN| naya isI dRSTi kI bhinnatA ko dUra karatA hai aura samanvaya karane kI buddhi detA hai vaise to sabhI naya apane-apane mAnya siddhAnta kA samarthana karate haiM para ve eka dUsare naya ke mAnya siddhAnta para kuThArAghAta nahIM karate haiM nahIM suna kAma hai aura jo nya aisA nahIM karate haiM ve durnaya kI koTi meM A jAte haiN| prazna-pratyakSAdi pramANa jaba vastu ke vyavasthApaka mAne gaye haiM to phira ina nayoM ke kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA huI? uttara-pratyakSAdi pramANa vastu ke vyavasthApaka haiM isakA tAtparya kevala yahI hai ki ve vastu ko vaha ananta dharmAtmaka hai isa rUpa se vyavasthA karate haiM / para una dharmo kA duniyA ko prakAza naya dvArA prApta hotA hai / isaliye naya kI AvazyakatA hai / prazna-isa kathana kA bhAva samajha meM nahIM AyA punaH samajhAiye ? uttara-pramANa kA kAma kyA hai yaha bAta to hama pIche acchI taraha se spaSTa hI kara cuke haiM ataH use vahA~ se samajha lenA cAhie / pramANa kI vyavasthA dharma dharmoM meM abheda mAnakara usa vyavasthA ko acchI taraha spaSTIkaraNa karake samajhAtA hai| prazna-jaba vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai to usake eka-eka dharma ko lekara kathana karane vAlA naya pramANa koTi meM kaise A sakatA hai ? kyoMki usake dvArA vastu ke pUrNa dharmoM kA prakAzana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai ? uttara-yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki naya vastu ke eka dharma ko lekara usakA kathana karatA hai| ata: naya meM pramANaikadezatA hai| pUrNarUpa se pramANatA nahIM hai| nahIM to pramANa aura naya ko alagaalaga mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| prazna-jaba naya vastu ke eka dharma kA prarUpaka hai to vaha samIcInatA kI dRSTi se pramANakadeza bhI kaise ho sakatA hai?

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra --6 173 uttara--Agama meM naya do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai--eka samyak ekAnta aura dUsarA miyyA ekAnta / jo vastugata itara dharmoM ko tiraskAra na karate hue vivakSita apane eka dharma ke dvArA vastu kI prarUpaNA karatA hai vaha samyak ekAnta hai| tathA jo vivakSita dharma se atirikta apane pratipakSI dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue usa eka hI dharma dvArA vastu kI prarUpaNA karatA hai vaha mithyA ekAnta hai / naya kA mithryakAnta durnaya kA viSaya kahA gayA hai aura naya kA samyak ekAnta sunaya kA viSaya kahA gayA hai ataH isameM pramANaikadezatA ghaTita ho jAtI hai| mUla meM naya ke saMkSepataH dravyAthika aura paryAyAthika aise do bheda haiM lo prakaTa kiye jA cuke haiN| tathA vastu sAmAnya vizeSa dharmAtmaka haiM yaha bhI samajhAyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ para dravyArthika naya ke tIna bhedoM meM se pahalA bheda jo naigamanaya hai usakA hI lakSaNa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| prazna-jabaki dravyAthikanaya dravya ko hI mukhya rUpa se viSaya karatA hai to usakA bheda rUpa naigamanaya bhI dekhA ko hI viSaya karane vAlA hogA-phira yahA~ sUtrakAra ne "paryAyayoH" aisA kathana kyoM kiyA hai ? uttara- yahA~ kramabhAvI paryAya paryAya zabda se gRhIta nahIM huI hai kintu guNavizeSarUpa paryAya hI paryAya mAbda se gRhIta huI hai| guNavizeSarUpa paryAya sahabhAvI hotI hai| ataH yaha kisI apekSA dravya se abhinna hotI hai usI guNavizeSarUpa paryAya ko yaha viSaya karatA hai isalie naigamanaya meM dravyAthikabhedatA hone meM koI virodha jaisI bAta nahIM hai / jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki paryAyavAn dravya vastu hai to isa prakAra kA kathana do dravyoM ko mukhya aura gauNa karake kahane vAle naigama naya kI apekSA se hai| yahA~ jaba kisI ne naigamanayAnuyAyI se pUchA ki vasta kyA hai? taba usane pUrvokta rUpa se uttara diyA hai| isa uttara meM do dharmI haiM eka basta aura dasarA paryAyAvAlA dravya / isameM mukhya vastu hai aura paryAyavAlA dravya yaha gauNa hai / isI taraha jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki viSayAsaktajIva eka kSaNa bhara taka sukhI rahatA hai to isa prakAra kA yaha kathana dravya aura paryAya ko mukhya aura gauNa karake kahane vAle naigamanaya kI apekSA se hai| yahA~ jaba kisI ne naigamanayAnuyAyI se pUchA ki kSaNabhara ke liye sukhI kauna hai taba usane isa prakAra se uttara diyA hai| yahA~ vizeSya hone ke kAraNa jIva dravya pradhAna hai aura sukhAtmaka usakI paryAya gauNa hai| isa prakAra se naigamanaya dravyArthika naya kA bheda hone se dravya ko hI mukhyarUpa se viSaya karatA hai // 8 // __ satra-paryAyadvayAdivekAntato bhinnatvAbhiprAyo tadAbhAsaH / / 6 / / saMskRta TIkA-yo'bhiprAyo naigamanayabadavabhAsatauso'bhiprAyo naigmnyaabhaaso'vgntvyH| yataH garyAyadvayAdiSu kathaJcid vartamAnAyAH abhinnatAyAstena tiraskaraNAt ekAntena ca tena tatra bheda pratipAdanAccAtastana sadAbhAsatvamAyAti / artha-do paryAya AdikoM meM ekAntataH bhinnatA hI hai aisA jo abhiprAya hai vahI naMgamanayAbhAsa hai| kyoMki isa prakAra kA pratipAdana naigamanaya ke jaisA to pratIta hotA hai para vaha vAstavika naigamanaya ke anurUpa nahIM hotA hai| do paryAyoM meM sarvathA bhinnatA nahIM hotI hai, do dravyoM meM sarvathA bhinnatA nahIM hotI hai aura dravya evaM paryAyoM meM sarvathA bhinnatA nahIM hotI hai kintu kathaMcit bhinnatA hotI hai aura kathaMcit abhinnatA hotI hai / naigamanaya apane viSaya kA pratipAdana karate samaya usakA hI samarthana to karatA hai para vaha unameM vartamAna abhinnatA kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA hai| para negamanayAbhAsa unameM kathaMcit rUpa se

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174 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA: paSThama adhyAya, sUtra 10 vartamAna unako abhinnatA kA nirAkaraNa karatA hunA apane dvArA mAnya bhinnatA kA hI pratipAdana kara hai aura usI kA samarthana karatA hai // 6 / / sUtra sarvatantra svatantrasattA mAtramAhI saMgrahanayaH parAparabhedAcca dvividhaH / / 10 / / saMskRta TIkA-sattvadravyatvasuvarNatvAdirUpa sarvatantrasvatantrasatArUpa sAmAnya mAtraviSayako yo'bhiprAyavizeSaH pratipattaH sa saMgrahanayaH etena sam saMgatatayA piNDAkAratvena vizeSa rAzi gRha NAti iti saMgrahazabdavyutpattyA sAmAnyamAtra pratipAdanamukhena vizeSarAzerapi saMgrAhakobhiprAyavizeSaH saMgrahanayaH iti phalitama yathA- "loko'yamekarasaH sattvenAvizeSAt ityanumAnena saMsArasya sanmAtrarUpeNava saMgRhyamANaviSayatvena sakalavizeSvodAsInyamavalambamAno'yamabhiprAyavizeSaH sattAdvaitamabhyupagacchan saMgrahanayatvena vyapadizyate "ege loe" iti sthAnAGgavacanAt evaM sattAbAntaradravyatvasuvarNatvAdi dharmANAM svIkAreNa tadAzrayabhUtadharmAstikAyAdi vizeSANoJcAtiraskAreNa pravartamAno'bhiprAyavizeSaH saMgrahanayobodhyaH sa cArya saMgrahanayo dvividho battate-para saMgrahaH nayoparasaMgraha nayazceti etayoH svarUpamagre vakSyate parasaMgrahAlpAmahAsata ketra sakalapadArtha sArthavyApitvAta, apara saMgraharUpAsattA'nekavidhAjAtyanusAreNa tasyA aneka vikalpa saMbhavAt / / 10 // artha-sarvatantrasvatantra sattAmAtra ko viSaya karane vAlA jo naya hai usakA nAma saMgrahanaya hai / yaha saMgrahanaya parasaMgrahanaya aura aparasaMgrahahnaya ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-sattva, dravyatva suvarNatva Adi rUpa sarvatantra svatantrasattArUpa sAmAnya mAtra ko viSaya karane vAlA pratipattA kA jo abhiprAya vizeSa hai, vaha saMgrahnaya hai, isa kathana ke anusAra jo vizeSa rAzi ko piNDAkArarUpa se grahaNa karane vAlA abhiprAya hai vaha saMgrahanaya hai aisA isakA niSkarSArtha nikalatA hai / yaha naya svatantrarUpa se vizeSoM kA grAhaka nahIM hotA hai kintu una vizeSoM ko vaha isa rUpa se saMgraha karatA hai ki jisase ve saba usake peTe meM saMgrahIta hue samA jAte haiM / jaise yaha vizva ekarUpa hai yahA~ para jaba vizva ko ekarUpa kahA jAtA hai usa samaya baha eka mahAsattA se yukta huA hI pratIta hotA hai / vizva ke jitane padArtha haiM ve saba sattA se vihIna nahIM haiM saba hI sattA se yukta haiM, ataH isa eka sattA dharma se yukta hone kI apekSA ve saba eka haiN| yaha parasaMgrahanaya kI apekSA kathana hai jisa prakAra manuSyatva jAti ko apekSA saba manuSya eka hote haiM usI prakAra vizva saMsAra bhI eka mahAsattA saMyukta hone ke kAraNa eka hai| prakAra yaha kayana para satA mahAsattA kI apekSA kahA gayA hai| usI prakAra aparasaMgrahanaya kI apekSA se loka meM jitanI-jitanI jAtiyA~ saMbhava haiM una-una jAtiyoM kI apekSA aparasaMgrahanaya una-una ke vizeSa vyaktiyoM kA saMgraha karake unameM ekatva kA kathana karatA hai / parasaMgrahanaya kA dUsarA bhAma mahAsattA hai yaha eka rUpa hI hotI hai isameM bhedoM kA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai / tathA aparasaMgraha kA dUsarA nAma avAntara sattA hai / yaha bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM kI apekSA aneka bheda bAlI hotI hai| sattva yaha mahAsattA hai aura dravyatva savarNatva Adi apara sattArUpa hai| yahA~ itanA vizeSa aura samajha lenA cAhiye ki naiyAyika aura vaizeSikoM ne para aura apara nAma kA vyApaka aura nitya jaisA svatantra sAmAnya mAnA hai aisA sAmAnya jaina darzana ko abhISTa nahIM hai / svarUpa sat aura sAdRzya sat ke bheda se sat do prakAra hotA hai| jo pratyeka vyakti ke svarUpAstitva kA bodhaka hotA hai / vaha svarUpa sat hai aura jo pariNAma nAnA-nAnA vyaktiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai vaha sAdRzya sat hai saMgrahahnaya kA prayojaka yaha mukhyataH sAdRzya sat hI hai, yaha bar3A yA choTA vivakSita hotA hai saMgrahahnaya bhI utanA hI bar3A yA choTA ho jAtA hai| tAtparya isa kathana kA yahI hai ki jo vicAra sadRza pariNamana ke Azraya se nAmA vastuoM meM ekatva kI kalpanA karake pravRtta hote haiM ve saba saMgraha naya kI zreNI meM A jAte haiM / / 10 / /

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nyAyaratna : bhyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 11-12 175 sUtra--sakAlapadArtha sArthavyApi mahAsattAdhIno'bhiprAyavizeSo parasaMgrahaH / / 11 / / saMskRta TIkA-uktamiti parAparabhedAcca saMgrahanayo dvividhastatra parasaMgrahanayasya svarUpaM vivakSuH sUtrakAraH sakalapadArthetyAdi sUtra kathayati-anena tena pratibodhitaM yat sakalapadArya sArtheSu vyApi yat mahAsattAkhyaM sAmAnyaM tiryaka sAmAnyaM tadadhInastadAzritya jAyamAno yo'bhizAyavizeSaH sa eva parasaMgrahahnayaH yathA vizvamekaM sadAvizeSAt anenAbhiprAyavizeSeNa sakalavizeSevudAnatAmavalambamAnena sanmAtrarUpatiryak sAmAnya grahaNatatpareNA'smin jagati ekatvaM gRhyate tadeva ca vyavasthApyate zuddhadravyarUpasattApekSayA natrakatvAt vizeSAMzAtAM sanmAtrAntarbhAvaNena saMgrahaNAcca / / 11 / / ___ artha-sattA samasta padArthoM meM pAI jAtI hai kyoMki isake vinA koI bhI padArtha apanI sthiti nahIM rakha sakatA isalie isa mahAsattArUpa sAmAnya kI sadRzapariNamanarUpa niryak sAmAnya kI apekSA se samasta jIvAdika padArtha eka rUpa haiM isa prakAra se mAnane vAlA jo abhiprAya vizeSa hai vaha parasaMgraharUpa hai // 11 // hindI vyAkhyA-parasaMgrahanaya aura aparasaMgrahAlaya ke bheda se saMgrahanaya do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| usameM se parasaMgrahanaya ke svarUpa ko pratipAdana karane kI icchA vAle AcArya ne isa kiyA hai| isake dvArA unhoMne yaha samajhAyA hai ki saMsArastha samasta jIvAdika padArthoM meM eka mahAsattA nAma kA guNa hai kyoMki padArtha kA svarUpa hI sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| isa mahAsattArUpa sAmAnya guNa ke dvArA parasaMgrahahnaya samasta padArthoM ko ekatA meM bA~dhatA hai aura kahatA hai ki vizva sattA kI avizeSatA se ekarUpa hai yahA~ eka sattA kA hI ekachatra rAjya hai / isa prakAra kI usakI mAnyatA se koI yaha na samajha le ki vaha sakala vizeSoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, hAM usakI apane viSaya kI sthApanA karate samaya vizeSoM kI ora udAsInatA bharI dRSTi rahatI hai, isa taraha sanmAtra rUpa tiryak sAmAnya ke grahaNa karane meM tatpara cane hue isa naya ke dvArA jagata meM ekatva gRhIta hotA hai aura vahI usake dvArA vyavasthApita kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha zuddha dravyarUpa sattA kI apekSA usameM rahe hue evatva ke Upara dRSTi rakhatA hai tathA jitane bho vizeSAMza haiM una sabakA vaha eka sattAmAtra ke dvArA usameM antahita kara letA hai / / 11 / / sUtra-tadviparItAbhiprAyaH tadAbhAsaH // 12 // saMskRta TIkA-guNaparyAyarUpa sakalavizeSANAM pratyAkhyAnaparaH sattAI tamAtrAbhyupagamaviSayako'bhiprAyavizeSo bhavati tadAbhAsaH parasaMgrahanayAbhAsarUpaH / etena sattAdvaitamAtramevaika tattvaM na tato'tiriktA vizeSAH kecana yathA vedAntino'bhiprAyavizeSaH sa parasaMgrahanayAbhAsarUpo bodhyaH / te hi sattAtiriktaM vastvantaraM vizeSAtmakaM nAbhyupagacchanti // 12 // artha-parasaMgrahanaya ke abhiprAya se viparIta jo abhiprAya hai, vaha parasaMgrahanayAbhAsa hai / / 12 / / hindI vyAkhyA-parasaMgrahanayAbhAsa meM bedAntavAdI AdiyoM kI mAnyatA AtI hai kyoMki inake siddhAntAnusAra guNa paryAyarUpa koI vizeSa padArtha haiM hI nahIM unake astitva kA inake siddhAnta meM nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| ata: jitane bhI advaitavAdI siddhAnta haiM ve saba isI parasagrahanayAbhAsa ko mAnane vAle haiM // 12 // sUtra-dradhyatvAdyavAntara sAmAnya viSayakaH svavyaktiSUdAsIno'bhiprAyo'parasaMgrahaH / / 13 / / saMskRta TIkA-jIveSvajIveSu ca dharmAdhakAneSu vartamAnaM dravyatva sAmAnya jIvasatkeSu naranArakAdi paryAyeSu ajIvasatkeSu ghaTa kuNDalAdi paryAyeSu ca vartamAnaM paryAyatva sAmAnyaM svIkurvANaH sva

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176 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSTama adhyAya, sUtra 13 svabhedeSu ca mAdhyasthyabhAvaM bhajamAno yo'bhiprAyaH so'parasaMggrahaH / yathAdharmAstikAyAdInAmavayaM dravyatvAbhedAt dradhyamidaM dravyamidamityevamabhinnajJAnAbhidhAnalakSaNaliGgenAnumitasya dravyAtvA bhedasya sadbhAvAt / evamapi cetanAcetanaparyAyANAmapi aikyaM paryAyatvAbhedAt ayamapi paryAyaH ayamapi papaya ityevamabhinnajJAnAbhidhAnasvarUpalijenAnamitasya paryAyasvAbhedasya saddhAvAta / etena dharmAstikAyAdi rupadravyA pekSamANaH sattAvAntaradravyatvasuvarNatvAdi sAmAnya dharmamAtrAbhyupagantA pratipatturabhiprAyo'parasaMgraha iti phalitam / atrAyamAzayo bodhyaHazeSa vizeSAtmaka paryAyANAM pradhAnatayA sattAmAtra pratipAdana dvArA sammAzre'ntarbhAvaNaM parasaMgrahana yasyoddezyaM bhavati, sattAvAntaradharmANAM dravyatvapRthitva suvarNatvAdInAM pradhAnatayA pratipAdana dvArA dharmAstikAyAdInAM dravyavizeSabhedAnAM dravyatvAdyaghAntarasAmAnye'ntarbhAvaNamaparasaMgrahanasyoddezya bhavatIti etadubhayorapi sattAdravyatvAdi sAmAnya viSayakalvena dravyAthika nayatvamanavaseyam // 13 // artha-dravyatvAMdikarUpa abAntara sAmAnya kA viSaya karane vAlA aura una dravyatvAdirUpa avAntara sAmAnya ke mAthayabhUta vyaktiyoM meM vizeSoM meM mAdhyasthyabhAva rakhane vAlA jo abhiprAya hai usakA nAma aparasaMgrahanaya hai / / 13 / 1 hindI vyAkhyA---jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ke bheda se dravya chaha prakAra kA kahA gayA hai tathA jIva kI nara-nArakAdi rUpa paryAyoM meM aura ghaTa kuNDalAdi rUpa mRttikAdi dravyoM kI paryAyoM meM vartamAna kramazaH dravyatva aura paryAyatvarUpa sAmAnya ko pradhAnarUpa se svIkAra karane vAlA evaM apane-apane AzrayabhUta vizeSoM meM udAsInatA rakhane vAlA jo pratipattA kA saMkalpa vizeSa hai usakA nAma aparasaMgrahanaya hai / jaise-dharmAstikAyAdika jo dravya ke bheda vizeSa haiM una sabameM isa nayavAle kA aisA vicAra rahatA hai ki ye saba dravyatvarUpa avAntara sAmAnya kI apekSA eka haiM jisa sAmAnya kA kSetra vistRta hotA hai vaha parasAmAnya kahA gayA hai| jaise sattA aura parasAmAnya kI apekSA jisakA kSetra saMkucita hotA hai vaha aparasAmAnya kahA gayA hai, jaise dravyatva pRthivItva suvarNatva Adi / aparasaMgrahanaya isI avAntara sAmAnya ko viSaya karatA hai apara sAmAnya kA nAma hI avAntara sAmAnya hai| - isa prakAra se itanA abhiprAya hRdayaMgama karake isa sUtra ko samajhanA cAhie / dharmAstikAyAdikoM meM dravyatvarUpa avAntarasAmAnya rahatA hai ataH isa avAntara sAmAnya kI apekSA ye eka haiM isI sAmAnya ko lekara dharmAstikAyAdikoM meM aT bhI dradhya hai yaha bhI dravya hai isa prakAra kI ekAkAra pratIti hotI hai aura dravya dravya isa zabda ke dvArA unameM vAnyatA AtI hai ata: isa prakAra kI pranIti se ke dvArA vAcyatA se anumita gucyatva kA abheda unameM vatamAna rahatA hai| isI prakAra cetana kI aura acetana kI paryAyoM meM paryAyatvarUpa avAntara sAmAnya vartamAna rahatA hai / isI sAmAnya ko lekara una-una paryAyoM meM yaha bhI paryAya haiM yaha bhI paryAya hai isa prakAra kI ekAkAra pratIti hotI hai aura paryAya-paryAya isa zabda ke dvArA unameM vAcyatA AtI hai ata: isa prakAra kI pratIti se evaM eka zabda dvArA vAcyatA se anumita paryAyatva kA abheda unameM vartamAna rahatA hai / __ isa kathana se yahI phalita hotA hai ki dharmAstikAyarUpadravya aura vizeSarUpa paryAya kI ora dRSTi na dete hue avAntarasattArUpa dravyatva suvarNatva Adi sAmAnya ko svIkAra karane vAlI jo pratipattA kI vicAradhArA hai vahI aparasaMgrahanaya hai| parasaMgrahanaya kA to uddezya aisA hai ki vaha azeSavizeSAtmaka paryAyoM ko sattAmAtra ke pratipAdana dvArA sanmAtra antanihita kara letA hai aura aparasaMgrahanaya kA uddezya aisA hai ki vaha avAntara sattA rUpa jo dravyalba pRthivIla aura suvarNatva Adi haiM unake pratipAdana

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, mUtra 14-15 dvArA dharmAstikAyAdika rUpa dravya bhedoM ko unameM antahita kara letA hai isalie ina donoM meM mattArUpa evaM dranyatvAdirUpa gAmAnya ko viSaya karane kA kAraNa dravyAthikanayapanA hai aisA jAnanA cAhie // 13 // sUtra-vizeSApalApI dravyatvAdi sAmAnyamAtramanvAno'bhiprAyastadAbhAsaH // 14 // saMskRta TIkA-aparasaMgrahanayasvarUpaM nirUpyadhunA tadAbhAsaM nirUpayitumupakramyate vizeSApalApItyAdinA-tathA ca vizeSAna apalapituMzIla iti vizeSApalApI-dravyavizeSANAM dharmAstikAyAdInAM gatyAdi nimittabhUtAnAM kaTakakuNDalAdinAM ca suvarNAdi dravya vizeSANAM apalapanazIlo nirAcakSANaH kevalamavAntarasattArUpa dravyatvagRthivItva suvarNatvAdikaM manvAnaH svIkurvANo yo'bhiprAyaH sa tadAbhAsaH-aparasaMgrahAbhAsaH 1 etena dravyatvamevatattvaM tadatiriktAnAM dharmAstikAyAdInAmabhAvAt evameva suvarNatvameva tattvaM tadatirikta kATakakuNDalAdiparyAyANAmanupalambhAt ityevamavAntara sAmAnyamevAbhyupAgamya tadvizeSAn biha nuvAno parasaMgrahAbhAsaH / / 14|| hindI vyAkhyA-jaisA ki aparasaMgrahahnaya ke svarUpa varNana meM prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ThIka usase viparIta svarUpavAlA aparasaMgrahanayAbhAsa hai / aparasaMgrahanaya meM avAntarasattA ke dvArA usake vizeSoM kA saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai jaisA ki usake svarUpa kathana meM prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai| usa kathana se yaha hama samajha jAte haiM ki vaha vizeSoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA hai / kintu unakI ora usakI dRSTi meM gauNatA kA bhAva bharA rahatA hai / taba ki yaha aparasaMgrahAbhAsa adAntara sAmAnya kA kathana karatA huA usa sAmAnya ke AzrayabhUta vyaktiyoM kA sarvathA niSedha karatA hai jaise-jaba yaha aisA pratipAdana karatA hai ki avAntara sAmAnyarUpa dravyattva yA suvargava hI mAlika hai jagaro bhina mArinakAthA Tika jo ki jIva aura pudgala kI gatyAdika kriyA meM udAsInarUpa se nimitta haiM, nahIM haiN| isI prakAra suvarNatva rUpa aparasAmAnya hI vAratavika hai usase bhinna jo usakI kaTakakUNDalAdirUpa paryAyeM haiM, ve nahIM haiN| isa prakAra se dravyatvarUpa yA suvarNatvAdirUpa apara sAmAnyoM ko kevala vAstavika mAnane vAlA aura unake vizeSoM kA dharmAstikAyAdikoM kA niSedha karane vAlA jo bhI abhiprAya bizeSa hai vaha saba isI aparasaMgrahanayAbhAsa meM parigaNita ho jAtA hai / abaziSTa TIkArtha spaSTa hai / / 14 // sUtra--saMgraheNa saMkalitasAmAnyasya bhedaprabhedaM vidhAya vyavahArapathamavatArako'bhiprAyadizeSo vyavahAraH // 15 // saMskRta TokA-saMgraheNa parAparasaMgrahamayena saMkalitasAmAnyasya-sattA sAmAnyasyAbAntara sAmAnyasya ca parAparasAmAnyarUpasya bheda prabhedaM kRtvAyo'bhiprAyavizeSastaM lokavyavahAropayoginaM karoti sa vyavahAranaya iti / nahi sAmAnyena lokavyavahAraH saMcalati tatra vizeSANAmevopayogAt nahi vAha dohAdI karmaNi azvatvaM gotvaM nopayogi azvasya gozca tatropayogAt / evaM ca yat sat tadravyaM vA paryAyotrA yadravyaM tat jIvadravyamajIvadravyaM vA jIvadravyaM cettatkim asarUpaM sthAvararUpaM vA sarUpaM cettatki dvondriyarUpaM paJcendriyarUpaM vA paJcendriyarUpaM cet tarika saMjJirUpamasaMz2irUpaM vetyevaM rUpaM bheda prabhedaM kurvan vyavahAranayotAvatparyantaM gacchati yAvadasya dvitIya bhedAbhAvo bhavati lokavyavahArasya vizeSeNaiva sAdhyatvAt natu sAmAnyena tatratasyAnupayogitvAt // 15 // artha-parasaMgrahanaya aura aparasaMgrahanaya ke dvArA viSayabhUta banAye hue sattA sAmAnya aura jAvAntara sAmAnya ke jo abhiprAya vizeSa bheda prabheda karatA huA usa bheda prabheda ko lokavyavahAra ke lie upayogI karatA hai aisA, vaha abhiprAya vyavahAranaya hai / / 15 / /

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178 jyAyana : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 15-16 hindI vyAkhyA-yaha pahale prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki saMgrahanaya parasaMgrahanaya aura aparasaMgrahanaya ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / parasaMgrahanaya kA viSaya sattA mahAsattA hai aura aparasaMgrahanaya kA viSaya avAntara sattA hai| parantu vyavahAranaya kA aisA abhiprAya hai ki laukika vyavahAra na parasAmAnya se calatA hai aura na aparasAmAnya se calatA hai vaha to sattA ke vizeSoM se yA aparasattA ke bizeSoM se hI calatA hai| ataH vyavahAranaya usa parAparasattA ko bheda aura prabhedoM meM vibhakta karatA hai aura unheM vyavahAropayogI prakaTa karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai yadyapi manuSya kahane se sabhI manuSyoM kA vargIkaraNa ho jAnA hai parantu jaba unakA vizeSarUpa se jJAna karAnA hotA hai yA vyavahAra meM unakA bhinna-bhinna rUpa se upayoga karanA hotA hai taba unakA vidhipUrvaka vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai 'vidhAya" yaha pada yaha prakaTa karatA hai jisa vidhi se inakA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai usI vidhi se inakA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai / jaise-jaba parasaMgrahanaya sattA mAtra se samasta padArthoM kA vargIkaraNa kara letA hai taba vyavahAranaya usase aisA pUchatA hai ki jo sat hai vaha dravya rUpa hai yA paryAyarUpa hai ? yadi vaha dravyarUpa hai no kyA vaha jIva dravyarUpa hai yA ajIva dravyarUpa hai ? yadi jIvadravyarUpa hai to kyA vaha sajIva rUpa hai yA sthAvarajIva rUpa hai ? yadi vaha prasanIya rUpa hai to kyA vaha dvIndriyajIva rUpa hai yA paJcendriya jIvarUpa hai ? yadi paJcendriya jIvadravya rUpa hai to kyA maMjJI paJcendriya jIvarUpa hai yA asaMjJo paJcendriya jIvarUpa hai / isa rUpa se baha vyavahAranaya parApara sAmAnya ke yahA~ taka bheda prabheda karatA huA calA jAtA hai ki phira dvitIya bheda karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai kyoMki vaha naya lokavyavahAra vizeSoM se hI calatA hai sAmAnya se nahIM / dUdha gAya vizeSa se hI duhA jAtA hai savArI ghor3e para hI kI jAtI hai, gotva se dUdha nahIM duhA jAtA hai aura na azvatva ko savArI ke kAma meM liyA jAtA hai" aisA kahatA hai / / 15 / / sUtra-kAlpanika dravyaparyAya vibhAgAbhiprAyastadAbhAsaH / / 16 / / saMskRta TIkA-dravyaparyAyavibhAgaH kAlpanika: aparamArthabhUta evaM vartate evaM manvAno'bhiprAyo vyavahAranayAbhAsaH / idaM suvarNAdika dravyaM kaTakakuNDalAdiko'yaM paryAya ityevaM rUpo vyavahAro na pAramAthikaH kAlpanikatvAd dvicandradarzanavat bhramavazAdeva pratIyate dravyaparyAyadhibhAgaH / ayaM vyavahAramayAbhAsazcArvAkA siddhAntaH-tatra pRthivyaptejovATavAtmaka bhUtacatuSTayameva vAstavikarUpatvena nigaditametadatiriktaH sarvo'pi dravyaparyAyavibhAgo vAravadhUbilAsavanmanoraMjakamAtrameva na lokayAtrAnuyAyI pratyakSato'pratIyamAnatvAt pratyakSato yadeva pratIyate ghaTAdikaM vastu tadeva vAstabikaM na tato'tiriktamanumAnagamyaM kiJcidapi vastu evaM ca pratyakSataH paridRzyamAnaM zarIrameva jIbana tato vyatiriktaH paralokAnuyAyI cetanarUpo jIvaH paralokAbhAvAt pramANAbhAvAcca puNya pApamapi nAsti ityAdi rUpazcArvAkarAddhAnto vyabahAranayAbhAsa svarUpaH / / 16 / / artha- dravya aura paryAya kA vibhAga kevala kAlpanika hI hai aisA jo abhiprAya hai vahI vyavahArAbhAsa hai // 16 // hindI vyAkhyA-dravya aura paryAya kA vibhAga satya hai kAlpanika nahIM hai aisA jo abhiprAya hai vaha vyavahAranaya hai, isa vyavahAranaya ke sAtha viparIta vyavahAra karane vAlA vyavahAranayAbhAsa hai| isakI dRSTi meM yaha muvarNAdi dravya hai ye isakI kaTakakuNDalAdi rUpa paryAyeM haiM isa prakAra kA jo jagat prasiddha vyavahAra hai vaha pAramArSika nahIM hai, dvicandradarzana kI taraha vaha kevala kalpanA kA hI viSaya hai kyoMki bhrama ke baza se hI yaha dravyaparyAya vibhAga pratIta hotA hai, isa vyavahAranayAbhAsa meM cArvAka kA siddhAnta pari

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nyAyaratna :nyAyaratAbalI TIkA: papThama adhyAya, sUna 17 179 gaNita kiyA gayA hai / isa siddhAnta ke pakSapAtiyoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki pRthivI apa teja aura vAyu ye tattvacatuSTaya hI vAstavika hai kyoMki inakI vAstavikatA kA prakhyApaka pratyakSapramANa hai, dravya paryAya pratyakSagamya nahIM haiM ye to anumAna pramANagamya kahe gaye haiM, ataH anumANa pramANa meM avAstavikatA hone ke kAraNa usake dvArA sthApita dravyaparyAya vibhAga saba hI aisA hai ki jaisA vezyA kA bilAsa | baha jaisA kebala para manoraMjaka hI hotA hai pAramArthika nahIM hotA hai isI prakAra yaha kevala manoraMjaka hI hai / loka yAtrAnuyAyI nahIM hai kyoMki pratyakSapramANa se isakI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| jisakI pratIti pratyakSapramANa se hotI hai vahIM ghaTAdika vastu vAstavika hai isake sivAya anumAnagamya vastu vAstavika nahIM hai| jIva bhI svatantrarUpa se zarIra ke sivAya pratIta nahIM hotA isaliye vaha bhI zarIra se bhinna koI paralokAnuyAyI svatantra sattAbAlA padArtha nahIM hai zarIra hI jIvarUpa hai / paraloka puNya-pApa ye saba kucha nahIM hai| korI kalpanA se hI kalpita ye kiye gaye haiM inake astitva kA vyApaka koI pramANa nahIM hai| isa prakAra kI mAnyatA bAlA cArvAkarAddhAnta siddhAnta vyavahAranayAbhAsa hai / / 16 / / sUtra-paryAyAthikamayamacaturvidhaH Rjusutrazabdasamabhirur3havabhUtabhedAt / / 17 / saMskRta TIkA-trividhaM dravyAthikanayasvarUpaM pratipAdya paryAyAthikanayasvarUpa nirUpyate RjusUtrazabdamamabhirUkai babhUtabhedAt sa na yazcaturvidho bhavati / paryeti utpatti vidhvaMsau prApnotIti paryAyaH sa cAmAvarthazceti paryAyArthaH tamadhikRsya prabartamAno nayaH paryAdhAthikanayaH vastu mAtrasthaivotpatti vinAzayoH khalu paryAyAthikanaya viSayatvAt so'yaM nayaH RjusUtranayAdi bhedAt caturdhA tatra Rju vartamAnakSaNasthAyi paryAyamAtra prAdhAnyataH sUtrayannabhiprAyadipa jumUtra' ratana naranAra dattu evamalocaraH pratipatta rabhiprAyavizeSo naya ityuktatvena RjusUtranayasya paryAyAthikanaya vizeSatvAt pradhAnatayA vartamAnakAlamAtraparyAya grAhakatayA tatradravyasya sattve'pi gauNatvAt lamarjusUtranayo gRha NAti apitu kevalaM paryAyAneva kSaNikAna pradhAnatayA pratipAdayatItibhAvaH yathaidAnI sukhaparyAyo vartate' iti vAkyaM vartamAnalakSaNasthAyi sukharUpaM paryAyaM mukhyatayA gRha NAti tadadhikaraNarUpamAtmadravyaM tu vidyamAnamapi gauNatvena na gRha NAti evaM kAlakAraka liGgasaMkhyA puruSopasargAdi bhedenAbhedaM yo'bhiprAyavizeSo vadati sa zabdanaya ityucyate yathAvabhUva asti bhaviSyati va sumeruH iti vAkyamekasyaiva sumeroH parvatasya bhUtabhaviSyadvartamAnakAlabhedAdibhannatvaM pratipAdayati kintu dradhyatvena sumerorabhinnatvamaudAsInyena nAvalamba te evaM ghaTaM karoti tena ghaTaH kriyate ityAdi vAvayaM kata karmarUpakAraka meM denAbhinnasyApi ghaTasya pradhAnatayA bhinnatvaM pratipAdayati evamanyadapi bodhyam / indrapurandarAdizabdeSu byupattibhedenAbhinnasyApyarthasya bhinnatvaM yo'bhiprAya vizeSaH pratipadyate sa samabhiruvanaya ityucyate yathA-indanAdindraH puraNAtpurandaraH zakanAcchaka ityevaM vibhinnavyutpattyA abhinnamapIndrarUpamartha paryAyabhedena bhinnArthatvena pratipadyate samabhirUr3hanaya mAbdanayastu indrAdiparyAyabhede'pyarthAbhedameva svIkaroti evamindrAdizabdAnAM svapravRttinimittIbhUtendanAdikriyA''viSTamevAdha yo'bhiprAyavizeSa pratipadyate tatkriyAnAviSTamarthaM tUpapekSate sa evaM bhRtanaya ucyate etenaivaM bhUtanayaH khalu indamAdikriyApariNatamindrarUpArthamindana kriyAkAle evendrAdi zabdavAcyatayA svIkaroti samabhirUDhanayastu vidyamAne'vidyamAne vendanAdikriyA rUpe pravRttinimine indrAdizabdavAcyatvaM svIkaroti // 17 // artha-paryAyAthikanaya cAra prakAra kA hai-RjumUtranaya, zabdanaya, samabhirUr3hanaya aura evaMbhUtanaya / / 17 // hindI vyAkhyA-tIna prakAra kA dravyArthivanaya prarUpita karake aba sUtrakAra isa sUtra dvArA cAra prakAra ke paryAyArthika naya ke svarUpa kI prarUpaNA kara rahe haiM-yaha paryAyAthikanaya RjasUtranaya Adi ke

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180 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : parama adhyAya, satra 17 bheda se cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / jo utpatti aura vinAza ko prApta karatA rahatA hai vaha paryAya hai / isa paryAyarUpa artha ko lekara jo vicAradhArA calatI hai vaha paryAyArthivanaya hai| pratyeka vastu utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hai / inameM dhrauvya dharma dravyAthikanaya kA viSaya hai / jo abhiprAya kevala vartamAnakSaNasthAyI paryAyamAtra ko pradhAnarUpa se viSaya karatA hai aisA vaha abhiprAya RjasUtranaya hai / isa kathana kA sArAMza aisA hai ki jaba kisI ne sUtrakAra se aisA prazna kiyA ki paryAyAthika naya ko svatantra rUpa se mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA thI to isI kA uttara ina cAra nayoM dvArA diyA gayA hai / dravyAthikanaya kI vicAradhArA se hama yaha samajha cuke haiM ki usake naigamAdinaya kisI bhI padArtha kI vividha dazAoM kI ora nahIM nihArate haiM ve nahIM jAnanA cAhate haiM ki pratyeka padArtha kI trikAlavartI avasthAe~ kisa rUpa meM huI haiM kisa rUpa meM ho rahI haiM aura Age bhI inakA kyA rUpa hone vAlA hai / ye naya to paryAyabheda vivakSita karate hI nahIM hai / parantu aisA to ho nahIM sakatA ki vicAradhArA paryAya kI ora nahIM jAve / paryAya vartamAna kSaNavartI hI hotI hai bhUtakAlIna paryAya binaSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa aura AgAmI paryAya anuta kAraNa isa naya kI dRSTi se paryAya kI gaNanA meM nahIM AtI hai, paryAya kI gaNanA meM to kevala dravya kI vartamAnakSaNAliGgita avasthA hI AtI hai / eka dravya kI vartamAnakSaNavartI eka hI avasthA hotI hai, aneka nahIM / yadyapi pradIpAdikoM meM hameM yaha pratIta hotA hai ki eka hI samaya meM usake dvArA prakAza battikAdAha, taM lazoSaNa, andhakAra vinAzana Adi avasthAeM ho rahI haiM parantu aisA nahIM hai kyoMki ina avasthAoM ke hone meM samayavibhAga hotA hai| isa taraha se itanA saba samajhakara hama yaha sugamarIti se samajha jAte hai ki kama apanA praSA kyA hai| vartamAna kSaNavartI paryAya hI RjusUtranaya kA viSaya hai / Rjusutranaya jaya vartamAnakSaNavartI paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai to usa samaya vaha paryAya binA dravya ke to hotI nahIM hai / to aisI sthiti meM baha dravya ko bhI viSaya karatA hogA to isakA hI uttara "tatra dravyasya satve'pi gauNatva tanna RjasUtranayo gRha NAti" isa pATha dvArA diyA gayA hai / isa se yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra "abhra candamasaM pazya" kAhane para dekhane vAle kA dhyAna candramA para hI kendrita hotA hai AkAza para nahIM usI prakAra RjusUtranaya kA dhyAna dartamAnakSaNavartI paryAya para hI avalambita hotA hai usa paryAya ke AthayabhUta dravya para nahIM / isa taraha vaha paryAya ko hI mukhya rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai dravya ko nahIM / dravya to usakI dRSTi meM gauNa ho jAtA hai, isI bAta ko TIkAkAra ne "yathedAnIM sukha paryAyovartate" isa pada dvArA prasphuTita kiyA hai / yahA~ para AtmA kI ekavartamAnakSaNavartI paryAya gRhIta huI hai, usa sukha paryAya kA AzrayabhUta AtmA gRhIta nahIM huA hai / kyoMki vaha usa vivakSA meM gauNa kara diyA gayA hai| apane-apane abhiprAyoM ko prakaTa karane kA sAdhana zabda hai / ataH zabda kI pramukhatA se jitanA bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha saba zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUtanaya kI mAnyatA meM A jAtA hai| aba isI bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie zabdanaya kI vicAradhArA kyA hai, yaha prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai / kAla, kAraka, liGga, saMkhyA, puruSa aura upasarga Adi ke bheda se artha meM bheda ho jAtA hai aisI mAnyatA vAlA yaha zabdanaya hai / yaha spaSTa rUpa se yaha ghoSita karatA hai ki jaba kAla Adi alaga-alaga haiM to phira inake dvArA kahA jAne vAlA artha bhI bhinnabhinna na ho aisA kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaba koI baktA aisA kahatA hai-"sumera huA, sumeru hai, sumeru hogA" ina tIna bAvayoM dvArA eka sumeru kA hI trikAla sambandhI astitva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / para zabdanaya kI dRSTi se yahA~ kAla bheda hone ke kAraNa sumerurUpa artha meM bhinnatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| yadyaSi vicAra kiyA jAve to dravya kI apekSA koI bhinnatA sumeru parvata meM nahIM hai para vaha dRSTi yahA~ nahIM hai / isI prakAra jaba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki "ma ghaTaM karoti, tena ghaTaH kriyate' to isa prakAra ke pratipAdana meM bhI zabdanaya kAraka ke bheda se ghaTa artha meM bhinnatA svIkAra karatA hai 'ghaTe' meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai 'ghaTaH

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gyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : saSThama adhyAya, sUtra 15-16 kriyate' meM ghaTa meM prathamAvibhakti hai ataH kAraka kI bhinnatA se ghaTa meM bhinnatA AtI hai isI taraha liGgAdika ke bheda se bhI zabda ke vAcyArtha meM bhinnatA yaha naya svIkAra karatA hai aisA jAna lenA cAhiye / isI prakAra 'taTaH, taTI, taTamyAda eka ho artha ke vAcaka haiM / parantu zabdanaya ke abhiprAyAnusAra pulliga, strIliGga aura napuMsakaliGga vAle hone ke kAraNa inakA vAcyArtha bhinna-bhinna hai / "indraH zakraH purandaraH' ye tInoM zabda samAnaliGga vAle haiM ataH inakA vAcyArtha isakI dRSTi meM eka hai isI taraha 'jalamApo' yaha saMkhyAdhya bhivAra hai jala eka vacana evaM 'ApaH' bahuvacana hai ataH ina zabdoM kA artha bhI bhinna-bhinna hai isI taraha 'upatiSThati saMtiSThate' yahA~ upasarga ko bhinnatA hai isa se sthA dhAtu kA artha bhinna-bhinna hai aisA mAnatA hai isa taraha se zabdanaya apanI mAnyatA ko upasthita karatA hai| samabhirUdanaya kA abhiprAya aisA hai ki zabdoM ke liGgAdikoM kI bhinnatA se bhale hI bhinna-bhinna artha hoM parantu jina zabdoM kA eka jaisA bhI liGgAdi hai una zabdoM ke bho vAcyArtha jude-jude haiN| ve ekArthaka nahIM ho skte| isa taraha yaha naya vyutpatti ke bheda se zabdoM ke artha kA samarthaka hotA hai| indra zabda kA vAcyArtha indra tabhI ho sakatA hai ki jaba vaha paramaizvayaM kA bhoktA hai / puroM kA dAraNa karane se vaha purandara aura zaktizAlI hone se hI vaha zakra kahA gayA hai| isa taraha yaha samabhirUDhanaya indra zaka purandara Adi paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhI vyutpatti ke bheda se artha kI bhinnatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| evaMbhUtanaya kA abhiprAya aisA hai ki jisa samaya padArthoM meM jo kiyA hotI ho usa samaya usa kriyA ke anurUpa pAbdoM se artha kA pratipAdana karanA jaise paramazvarya kA anubhavana karane rUpa kriyA se yukta hone para hI indra ko indra kahanA Adi Adi // 17 // sUtra-vartamAna samayamAtra paryAyagrAhInaya RjusUtraH // 18 // saMskRta TIkA-paryAyAthikanaya bhedatvenoktasya RjusUtranayasya svarUpaM nirUpayitumAha-vartamAnasamayamAtretyAdi-caturSa paryAyAdhikanayeSu madhyeyo'bhiprAyavizeSo vartamAnakAlasthAyi paryAyAneva svIkaroti pUrvAparAzca paryAyAnatyeti vinaSTAnutpannatvena, paryAyAzcayabhutaM dravyamapi gauNatvena nAbhimanyate evaM vidho'bhiprAyavizeSa RjusUtranaya ityucyate / atrodAharaNaM pUrvameva nigaditam / / 18 / / artha-vartamAna samayamAtra meM jo paryAya ho rahI ho usI paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA jo naya hai vaha RjusUtranaya hai yaha RjusUtranaya jisa samaya vartamAnakSaNAliGgita paryAya ko eka samayavartI paryAya ko-apanA viSaya banAtA hai usa samaya paryAya kA AzrayabhUta dravya usa paryAya ke sAtha hI rahatA hai parantu hIM karatA hai| kyoMki isakA lakSya sirpha apane hI viSaya ko grahaNa karane kI ora rahatA hai ataH vartamAna bhI dravya ko grahaNa na karane se vaha usakA apalApakartA nahIM hai kinta mAdhyasthyabhAva rakhatA hai / bhUtaparyAya ko vaha vinaSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa aura hone vAlI paryAya ko anutpanna hone ke kAraNa vaha apanA jJeya nahIM banAtA hai isa naya ke viSaya ko hamane pahale hI dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTa kara diyA hai // 18 // sUtra-dravyApalApI tu tadAbhAsaH ||16 // saMskRta TIkA-yo'bhiprAyavizeSaH paryAyAnuyAyi dravyaM nAstyevetyevaM prakAreNa vartamAnamapi dravyaM niSedhati na tatpati gajanimIlikA dadhAti kevalaM paryAyAneva viSayIkarotiso'bhiprAyavizeSa eva RjusUtra

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 20 nayAbhAsaH / dravyamupasarjanIkRtya paryAya cAnupasarjanIkRtya prabartamAno vicAra RjusUtranayaH / RjusUtranayA. bhAsI bauddho yatassa hi paryAyA nevAGgI karoti na dravyam / hindI vyAkhyA-dravya kA apalApa karane vAlI vicAradhArA RjutranayAbhAsa hai / paryAya svatantra nahIM hotI haiM ve dravyAzrita hI hotI haiN| parantu bauddhasiddhAnta utpAda vyayAtmaka paryAya ko hI vAstavika mAnatA hai kyoMki usake matAnusAra dravya nAma kA koI paryAyAnuyAyI padArtha nahIM mAnA gayA hai ataH dravya ke prati mAdhyasthyabhAva na rakhakara kevala vartamAna paryAya ko hI pradhAna rUpa se mAnane vAlA bauddhasiddhAnta RjusUtranayAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / RjusUtranaya dravya ke prati mAdhyasthyabhAva rakhakara vartamAna paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai| isalie yaha samyak ekAnta mAnA gayA hai aura RjusUtrAbhAsa mithryakAnta kahA gayA hai kyoMki yaha sarvathA dravya kA niSedha karatA hai // 16 / / / sUtra-kAlAdibhedenavAcyArthabhadajJo'bhiprAyaH zabdanayaH / / 20 / / saMskRta TIkA-AdinAkArakaliGgasaMkhyApuruSopasargA grAhyAH / evaM ca kAlAdibhedena varNapadavAkyAtmakastha zabdasya vAcyArthabhedAbhyupagantA'rthabhedaM svIkArAtmako'bhiprAyaH zabdanaya iti / yathA'sumeruparvato babhUva asti bhari yati' ityA gadA yAta viragartamAna kAlabhedena dravyarUpatayA bhinnasyApi sumeruparvatasya bhinnatvaM pratipAdayati evaM ghaTaM priyate' ityAdI prathamAdvitIyAkArakabhedenAbhinnasyApi ghaTapadArthasyabhinnatvaM manyate 'taTa: taTI taTam' ityAdau puMstvastrItvanapuMsakatvarUpaliGgatrayabhedenAbhinnasyApi taTarUpArthasyabhinnatvaM jAnAti 'dArAH kalatram' ityAdau ekatvabahutvAdisaMkhyAbhedena kasyApi strIrUpArthasya bhinnatvaM pratipAdayati tvaM bhavAn' ityAdau uttamamadhyamapuruSa bhedenAbhinnasyApi tvaM padArthasya bhinnatvaM svIkaroti zabdanyaH / evameva 'pratiSThate upatiSThate' ityAdI upasargabhedena bhinnArthatvaM sthAdhAtoH pratipAdayati / / 20 / / ___ artha-kAla Adi ke bheda se zabda ke vAcyArtha ko bhinna-bhinna mAnane vAlA abhiprAyavizeSa zabdanaya hai // 20 // hindI vyAkhyA-yadyapi naya kA svarUpa sAmAnyataH pahale kahA jA cukA hai aura usameM zabdanaya kA bhI svarUpa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai parantu yahA~ usI svarUpa ko vizeSa rUpa se samajhAne ke nimitta sUtrakAra ne sUtra kI racanA kI hai / isameM kAla kAraka liGga saMkhyA puruSa aura upasarga ke bheda se zabda ke vAcyArtha meM bhinnatA kaise AtI hai yaha spaSTa karake samajhAyA gayA hai| varNarUpa zabda padarUpa zabda aura bAkyarUpa zabda isa prakAra se zabda ko tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / isa para vivecana pIche ho cukA hai| kAla ke bheda ko lekara zabdanaya abhinna artha meM bhI bhinnatA kA kathana isa prakAra se karatA hai-jaise--'sumeruparvata' pahale huA, aba bhI hai aura Age bhI rahegA' isa vAkya meM 'bhUta kriyA vAle sumeruparvata meM vartamAna kriyA vAle sumeruparvata meM bhaviSyat kriyA vAle sumeruparvata meM kriyA ke bheda ko lekara kAla kA bheda hai| ataH usake bheda ko lekara sumeru meM bhI virUpatA AtI hai / yadyapi vicAra kiyA jAve to ina tInoM vAkyoM meM eka sumeruparvata kA hI trikAla sambandhI astitva batAyA gayA hai para bhUtakAlika paryAya, vartamAna kAlikaparyAya aura bhaviSyatkAlika paryAya paraspara bhinna-bhinna haiM ataH paryAyoM meM bhinnatA hone ke kAraNa sumeruparvata meM bhI bhinnatA hai / jaba koI aisA pratipAdana karatA hai ki vaha ghaTa ko banAtA hai, tathAusake dvArA ghaTa banAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke prayoga meM dvitIyA kAraka aura prathamA kAraka bAlA hone se zabdanaya ghaTa zabda ke artha meM bhinnatA kA kathana karatA hai| yaha dRSTAnta kAraka kI bhinnatA

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA: SaSTama adhyAya sUtra 21-22 183 se artha kI bhinnatA batalAne ke liye kahA gayA hai usI prakAra jaba koI 'taTaH taTI taTam' isa prakAra ke taTa ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai to zabdanaya kahatA hai ki jahA~ para liGga kI bhinnatA hotI hai, vahA~ para artha meM bhI bhinnatA hotI hai| taTa zabda pulliGga hai, taTI zabda strIliGga hai aura taTama yaha napuMsakaliGga hai| ina liGgoM meM jaba bheda hai to ina liGgoM vAle zabdoM ke artha meM bhI bheda hai / isa taraha yaha zabdatya abhinnatA artha vAle bhI tadAdi zabdoM ke artha meM liGga ke bheda se artha bheda kA kathana karatA hai / isI taraha jaba koI 'dArAH kalayam' aisA zabda prayoga strI zabda ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM karatA hai taba zabdamaya karatA hai ki dArA zabda bahuvacanAnta hai aura kalatra zabda eka vacanAnta hai ataH inakA eka strI rUpa artha nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki ekavacanAnta aura bahuvacanAnta kI apekSA inake artha meM bhinnatA hai / isI prakAra jaba koI bAtacIta ke prasaGga meM kisI eka hI vyakti ke prati tuma aura Apa zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai to yaha naya tuma zabda dvArA kahe gaye vyakti ko aura Apa zabda dvArA kahe gaye vyakti ko puruSa bheda hone ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna mAnatA hai / yaha puruSabheda kI apekSA arthabheda hai| isI prakAra se yaha naya 'pratiSThite, upatiSThate' ityAdi prayoga meM upasarga kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa sthA dhAtu ke artha meM bhI bhinnatA kA kathana karatA hai // 20 // sUtra - kAlAdibhedena zabdasya bhinnArthatvameva manvAno'bhiprAyavizeSastadAbhAsaH // 21 // saMskRta TIkA - zabda navastu kAlAdibhedena zabdasya bhinnArthatvaM pratipAdayannapi dravyApekSayA tatra vidyamAnamapyabhinnArthatvaM na niSedhati tadAbhAsastu svAbhimatameva dRDhIkurvastatra sadbhUtamapi abhinnatvaM pratiSedhati // 21 // artha - kAla, kAraka, liMga, saMkhyA, puruSa aura upasarga ke bheda se zabda ke vAcyArtha meM bhinnatA hI hai, kisI bhI apekSA se usameM abhinnatA nahIM hai aisA mAnane vAlA abhiprAyavizeSa zabdanayAbhAsa hai / hindI vyAkhyA yaha to pahale kaha hI diyA gayA hai ki kAla Adi ke bheda ko lekara zabdanaya zabda ke vAcyArtha meM bhinnatA kA kathana karatA hai / para bhinnatA kA vAcyArtha meM kathana karatA huA bhI baha dravya kI apekSA usameM rahI huI abhinnatA kA tiraskAra nahIM karatA hai parantu zabda-nayAbhAsa aisA nahIM karatA vaha to zabda ke vAcyArtha meM kAlAdika ko bhinnatA ko lekara sarvathA bhinnatA kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai aura dravyadRSTi se vartamAna abhinnatA kA pratiSedha karatA hai // 21 // sUtra - paryAyavAcizabdAnAM bhinnArthatvamabhimanyamAno'bhiprAyaH samabhirUDhaH / / 22 / / saMskRta TIkA - paryAyavAcizabdAnAM bhinnArthatA vyutpattibhedAmantareNa nopapadyate'to vyutpattibhedo gatArthatvAnnoktaH -- evaM ca vyutpattibhedena paryAyazabdAnAmindrazaRpurandarAdizabdAnAmarthabhedapratipAdako'bhiprAyaH samabhinaya ityucyate / zabdanayAbhiprAyeNendrazakrapurandarAH zabdAH samAnArthakAH santo'pi samabhirUThanAbhiprAyeNete bhinnAbhinnArthavAcakAH bhavanti ghoTakaTa kaTa zabdatra bhinnAbhinnazabdatvAt yadyapIndrazakrAdayaH zabdA na kevala paryAyarUpArthasyaiva vAcakA apitu dravyaviziSTaparyAyavAcakAH santIti vastusthiti vartate tathApyayaM nayasteSAM dravyavAcakatvaM gauNaM vidhAya paryAyavAcakatva pradhAnatayA tatra bhinnArthatvameva samarthayate / nAsya kArthavAcaka ekaH zabdoSAM dAnAM koyate // 22 // artha- paryAyavAcaka zabdoM kA artha bhinna-bhinna hotA hai aisA svIkAra karane rUpa jo abhiprAya haiM vaha samabhirUDhanaya hai // 22 //

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184 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSTama adhyAya, sUtra 23-24 hindI vyAkhyA-vyutpatti bheda ke binA paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke artha meM bhinnatA kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH isa sUtra meM 'vyutpatti bheda' aisA pada gatArtha hone se nahIM kahA gayA hai vaha to svayaM hI adhyAhata ho jAtA hai isa taraha vyatpatti ke bheda ko lekara jo naya indra zaka purandara Adi samAna artha vAle zabdoM kA eka artha na mAnakara unakA pratyeka kA bhinna-bhinna artha mAnatA hai baha samabhirUDhanaya hai / zabdanaya ke abhiprAyAnusAra samAnaliMga vAle ye indrazAdika zabda eka artha ke bAcaka mAne gaye haiM parantu samabhirUDhanaya kA abhiprAya aisA hai ki ghor3A ghaTa, kaTa-caTAI Adi bhinna-bhinna zabda jisa prakAra bhitrabhinna artha ke bAcaka hote haiM usI prakAra paryAyavAcI zabda bhI bhinna-bhinna zabda hone ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna artha ke hI vAcaka hote haiM / yadyapi vastusthiti aisI hai ki koI bhI indrAdi zabda kebala paryAyarUpa artha kA hI vAcaka nahIM hotA hai kintu dravyaviziSTa paryAya kA hI bAcaka hotA hai parantu yaha naya usameM dravyavAcakatA ko gauNa karatA huA paryAyavAcakatA kI pradhAnatA kara detA hai isa taraha yaha naya una indrAdika zabdoM ke vAcyArtha meM bhinnatA kA samarthaka hotA hai / isa naya ke mata meM na eka zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM aura na aneka zabdoM kA eka artha hotA hai / / 22 / / sUtra-paryAyavAciSu bhitrArthatvameva samarthayamAnastadAbhAsaH / / 23 / / saMskRta TIkA-sarve'pi paryAyavAcakAH zabdA bhinnArthAbhidhAyina dravyApekSayApyabhinnArthAbhidhAyakA na bhavanti karikuraGgaturaGgAdi zabdavat ityevaM samarthayamAno'bhiprAyastadAbhAsaH-samabhirUDhanayAbhAso vastumAtrasyava sAmAnya vizeSadharmAtmakatayA sAmAnyadharmApekSayA'nenAbhinnArthasya nirAkRtatva hindI vyAkhyA-- jitane bhI paryAyavAcI zabda haiM ve saba hI bhinna-bhinna artha ke hI kahane vAle haiM ekArtha ke nahIM / isa prakAra se jo naya ekAntarUpa se apanI hI mAnyatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai aura usI kA samarthana karatA hai tathA dUsare nayA ko mAnyatA kAkhaNDana karatA hai vaha samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa hai 1kAra, hAthI kuraGga-hiraNa aura turaGga ye saba hI zabda apane-apane bhinna-bhinna vAcyArtha ke jisa prakAra se pratipAdaka haiM usI prakAra se indra zabda apane aizcaryaviziSTa vAcyArtha kA, zakra sAmarthya viziSTa vAcyArtha kA aura purandaranagaravidhvaMsa karane rUpa bAcyArya kA pratipAdaka hotA hai kyoMki pratyeka zabda apane vyutpatibheda se hI artha kA kathaka hotA hai phira inameM kisI apekSA bhI ekArthakatA nahIM A sakatI hai isa prakAra kA isa nayAbhAsa kA abhiprAya hotA hai / yaha isa bAta ko bilakula svIkAra nahIM karatA hai ki pratyeka vastu sAmAnya aura vizeSa dhamoM se otaprota hai / ataH sAmAnya dravya kI apekSA zabda ke vAcyArtha meM abhinnatA ekArthakatA meM sakatI hai, pratyuta yaha to usa mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa hI karatA hai| isI kAraNa isa prakAra ke abhiprAya ko samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / samabhirUDhanaya apane abhiprAya kA kathana karatA huA bhI itaranaya ke abhiprAya kA nirAkaraNa khaNDana nahIM karatA hai / isa kAraNa baha sunaya koTi meM rakhA gayA hai / / 2 / / satra-evaMbhUtamartha svavAcyatvenakakSIkurvANo vicAro hyevaMbhUtaH / / 24 / / saMskRta TokA-evaMbhUtanayAbhiprAyeNa yAvanta zabdAH svArthAbhidhAyakAH santi te sarve'pi prakRtipratyayasaMbhUtA evAtaH pratyeka zabdAkriyArtho'bhivyakto bhavati / yasmAcchandAd yasyAH kriyAyA arthoM bhAvo vA prakaTito bhavati tayA triyAyA samanvito'rthastena zabdena tadA nAcyo jAyate / ayamevAbhiprAya evaMbhUtazabdasyAtra sUcito bhavati prasaGgavazAt / tathA sati ayamoM labdho jAyate yadendanAdikriyApariNata indro bhavati tadaiva sa indrapadavAcyo bhavitumarhati nAnyakriyApariNatisamaye narendrazabda pravRttinimittIbhUtakriyApariNatya

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 24-25 bhAvAt evameva pAcakAdi zabdabAcye pAcakAdyarthe tacchandapravRtti nimittIbhUtakriyAviSTatve satyava vAcyanvamavagantavyamitthaM prakAraM 'bhUtaH prApto nayaH abhiprAya evaMbhUta iti vyutpatteH tathAvidhakriyAnAMviSTamarthantvayaM na niSedhati tatra kevalaM gajanimIlikAyA evAvalambanAt / / 24 / / artha--jo naya aisA mAnatA hai ki vahI padArtha usa zabda kA vAcya hotA hai ki jo usa zabda kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUtakriyA se yukta ho rahA ho, aise bhaya kA nAma hI evaMbhUta naya hai / hindI vyAkhyA-isa naya kI mAnyatAnusAra jitane bhI zabda apane-apane artha ke vAcaka hai de saba prakRti dhAtu triyA aura pratyaya ke sambandha meM nimpanna hue haiN| ataH hara eka zabda se kisI na kisI kriyA kA artha abhivyakta hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM jisa zabda se jisa kriyA kA artha yA bhAva prakaTa hotA hai usa kriyA se samanvita padArtha usa samaya usa zabda kA vAcya hotA hai aise isa abhiprAya ko hI sUtrastha evaMbhUtaM' pada prakaraNa ke vaza se sUcita karatA hai / ataH isa kathana se aisA artha nikalatA hai ki jaba indanAdi kriyA se AliGgita indanAdirUpa paramezvaryAdi kA jisa kAla meM anubhavana kiyA jA rahA ho- usI kAla meM indrarUpa artha indra zabda kA vAcya hotA hai, zeSa samaya meM nhiiN| aura anya kriyA ke anubhabana karane ke samaya meM bhI nahIM kyoMki usa samaya meM vaha vivakSita indanAdi zabda kI pravRtti ke nimittIbhUta kriyA kI pariNati ke abhAva vAlA hai| isI prakAra se pAcaka Adi zabdoM kA vAcya pAcakAdi rUpa artha tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba vaha pAcaka zabdAdi kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUtakriyA se yukta ho jo isa prakAra kI kriyA se yukta nahIM hotA hai usakA yaha niSedha nahIM karatA hai kintu usakI ora yahA~ kevala gajanimIlikA mAdhyasthyabhAva hI dhAraNa kara letA hai / / 24 / / sUtra-anairvabhUtaM vastu zabdavAcyatayA nirAkurvastu tadAbhAsaH / / 25 // saMskRta TokA-zabdapravRttinimittIbhUta kriyAvihInaM vastava vAnavaM bhUtazabdena sUcitaM bhavati-ataH yo'bhiprAyaH indrAdizabdAnAM sarvathA indanAdi kriyA samanvitaM mantamevArtha vAcyatayA GgIkaroti tadvirahitaM tu sarvathA'nyasamaye'pi tadvAcyatayA tadartha praniSedhati na tatropekSAvRtti dadhAti nathAvidho'bhiprAya evaM bhUtanayAbhAso bhavati yathAyadA pUraNakriyArahita indro'sti tadA sa purandarazabdavAcyo na bhavitumarhati tadatiriktasamaye'pi ityevaM rUpeNendrasya purandarazabdavAcyatva pratikSepako vicAra evaMbhUtanayAbhAso nigaditaH // 25 // artha-jo vastu jisa zabda kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUta kriyA se yukta nahIM hai vaha bastu zeSa kAla meM bhI usa zabda ke dvArA vAcya nahIM hotI hai arthAt amuka kriyA hone ke samaya ko chor3akara dUsare samaya meM vaha padArtha usa zabda se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai aisA jo sarvathA ekAnta abhiprAya hai vahI evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa hai| hindI vyAkhyA-yaha to pahale spaSTa hI kara diyA gayA hai ki evaMbhUtanaya jisa zabda ke dvArA jisa padArtha ko vAcya koTi meM lAtA hai vaha padArtha usa zabda kI pravRtti ke yogakriyA se samanvita hotA hai| isa prakAra ke abhiprAya se hama yahI samajhate haiM ki evaMbhUtanaya apane viSaya ko hI pradhAnatayA puSTi karatA hai, vaha yaha nahIM kahatA hai ki jo padArtha amuka priyA se hIna hai vaha usa zabda ke dvArA zeSa samaya meM bhI vAcya nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vaha to usa ora kevala mAdhyasthyabhAva hI rakhatA hai parantu jo isakA AbhAsa hai vaha isase bilakula viparIta vicAra vAlA hotA hai, isI bAta kA ba-dhana isa sUtra dvArA kiyA gayA hai / zabda kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUta kriyA se jo vastuvihIna hai, rahita hai, vaha anaivaMbhUtavastu hai aisI

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myAmaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : pAThama adhyAya, sutra 26-27 vastu anya samaya meM bhI usa zabda dvArA vAcya nahIM hotI hai isa prakAra kA jo ekAnta abhiprAya hai vahI evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa hai / yaha evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa ekAnta mAnyatA ko hI apanAtA hai aura anya naya ke viSaya kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai / yaha kahatA hai jaba indra nagara ko dhvasta karane kI kriyA se rahita hotA hai taba purandara zabda ke dvArA vaha vAcya nahIM ho sakatA hai arthAt zabda naya kI dRSTi ke anusAra indra zakra aura purandara ina tInoM zabdoM kA artha eka indrarUpa padArtha hotA hai / indra zabda se bhI indra artha kA bodha hotA hai, zakra zabda se bhI indra artha kA bodha hota aura gugala ra e. te mI. indra kA bodha hotA hai parantu jaba yaha apanI isa prakAra kI ekAnta mAnyatA ko samarthita karatA hai taba yaha zabda naya kI mAnyatA niSiddha ho jAtI hai| ataH jo naya apanI mAnyatA kA samarthana karatA huA anya naya ko mAnyatA para kuThArAghAta karatA hai, vahI tadAbhAsa hai // 25 / / sUtra-vAdyAzcatvAro'rthanayAzcarame trayazca zabdanayAH / / 26 / / saMskRta TIkA- eSu naigamAdiSu saptanayepu AdyA naigama saMgraha vyavahArarjusUtrAbhidhAzcatuH saMkhyakA nayo arthanirUpaNatatparatvAt arthanayA vyapadizyante zeSAzcarame trayazca zabdasamabhirUdevabhUtAkhyAnayAH zabdavizeSAnevAzritya tadvAcyArtha pratipAdanaparatvAt zabdanayA vyapadizyante / hindI vyAkhyA---arthanaya aura zabdanaya kA vibhAga spaSTa karane ke liye sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra kA nirmANa kiyA hai-isake dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki ina pUrvokta sAta nayoM meM jo Adi ke nagama saMgraha vyavahAra aura RjusUtra ye cAra naba haiM ve sIdhe rUpa meM apane-apane viSayarUpa padArtha kA pratipAdana karate haiM isaliye inheM arthanaya kahA gayA hai| tathA zabda, samabhirUda aura evaMbhUta ye tIna antima naya zAbda ke Azrita hokara apane-apane viSayabhUta padArtha kA pratipAdana karate haiM isaliye inheM zabdanaya kahA gayA hai / / 26 / / sUtra-pazcAnupUyaM te bahuviSayAH pUrvAnupUrvyA cAlpaviSayAH // 27 // saMskRta TIkA- pazcAnupA-evaMbhUtamArabhya nagamAntaparigaNanayA caite parimitaviSayatvAdalpaviSayAH tathAhi-naMgamanayastAvan pradhAnApradhAnatayA bhAvAbhAvAtmakayodharmamiNomiyorvA pratipAdana karoti / saMgrahanayastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmakapadArthasya prAdhAnyena sattAsAmAnyameva pratipadyate ataH saMgrahahnayopekSayA naigamanayo bhUmaviSayaH saMgrahana stu parimitaviSayaH / sattAsAmAnyaviSayakaH saMgrahanayaH pratipAditastadapekSayA vyavahAranayaH sadvizeSaviziSTapadArthapratipAdakatvAt sadvizeSaprakAzakaH kathitaH ato vyavahAranayApekSayA saMgrahanayaH sattAsAmAnya viSayatvAt pracuraviSayaH vyavahAranayastvalpa viSayaH / vyavahAranayastrikAlavartisadvizeSaviziSTAn padArthAn vyavahArapathamAnayati, RjusUtrastu kevalaM vartamAnakSaNAliGgati padArthamevAvagacchati / ataH RjusUtranayApekSayA dhyavahAranayaH pracurabiSayaH ajusUtraM tvalpArthaviSayakam / kAlAdibhedena zabdanayaH svavAcyaM bhinna-bhinna pratipAdayati RjasUtra tu tadbhadenApyabhinna pratipAdayati ataH kAlAdibhedena bhinnArthapratipAdakazabdanayApekSayA kAlAdibhede'pyabhinnArtha pratipAdakatvAt RjasuvanayaH mahArthaH zabdanayastvamahArthaH / pratiparyAyAcizabdasyArthabhedaM samabhirUDhanayaH svIkaroti zabdanayastu navaM manyate to vyutpattibhedenendrAdiparyAyabAci zabdAnAM bhinnArthatvAbhyupagantasamabhirUDhanayApekSayA zabdanayo mahAviSayaH samabhirUDhanayastvalpaviSayaH / evaMbhUtanayaH zabdapravRtti nimittIbhUta kriyAsamanvitamarthaM tattacandasya vAcyabhaMgI karoti, samabhimaDhanayastu zabdapravRttinimittIbhUtakriyAkaraNakAle'pi takriyAzUnyakAle'pi ca tanandasya vAcyamarthaM svIkaroti ata evaMbhUtanayApekSayA samabhimhanayo hi prabhUtaviSayaH evaMbhUtanayastvalpaviSayaH / ityevaM rItyottarottaranayApekSayA pUrvapUrvanayAnAmadhikaviSayatvaM pUrvapUrvanayApekSayA cottarottaranayAnAmalpa

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bhyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalo TokA : paSThama adhyAya, sUtra 27-28 187 viSayatvaM ca jJAtavyam evaM sati naMgamanayaH sarvanayApekSayA mahAviSaya evaMbhUtastu parimitaviSayaH / zeSanayA yathAsvaM parimitaviSayA api mahAviSayA api jJAtavyAH / / 27 // hindI vyAkhyA-isa sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne yaha mamajhAyA hai ki ina nayoM meM mahAviSayatA aura alpaviSayatA kisa prakAra se AtI hai| jaba hama itake viSaya kA vicAra karate haiM to pazcAnupUrvI ke anusAra yahA~ evaMbhUtanaya ko pahale grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, usake bAda samabhirUDhanaya ko phira zabdanAya ko phira RjusUtra naya ko phira vyavahAranaya ko phira saMgrahanaya ko aura anta meM naMgamanaya ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / tathA pUrvAnupUrvI ke anusAra naigama saMgraha vyavahAra Rju sUtra zabda samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta isa prakAra imakA grahaNa hotA hai / pazcAnupUrvI ke anusAra inake viSaya ke alpabahutva kA vicAra karane para sabase kama viSaya vAlA evaMbhUtanaya hai aura sabase adhika viSayavAlA negamamaya hai| kyoMki yaha naya bhAvAtmaka sattA aura abhAvAtmaka asattA donoM dharma dharmI rUpa padArthoM ko donoM dharmoM ko evaM donoM dharmiyoM ko pradhAna aura apradhAnarUpa se pratipAdita karatA hai, tathA saMgrahanaya sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka padArtha ko pradhAna rUpa se sattA sAmAnya ko lekara pratipAdita karatA hai ataH naigamanaya kI apekSA yaha alpa viSayavAlA hai aura isakI apekSA naigamanaya adhika viSaya bAlA hai| saMgrahanaya sattA sAmAnya ko viSaya karatA hai aura vyabahAranaya abAntara sattAviziSTa padArthoM kA isa DhaMga se pratipAdana karatA hai ki jisase ve vyavahAropayogI bana sake / isa taraha saMgrahanaya kI apekSA vyavahAranaya alpaviSayavAlA aura vyavahAranaya ko apekSA saMgrahanaya adhika vipayabAlA siddha ho jAtA hai / vyavahAranaya trikAlavartI sattAviziSTa padArthoM kA vidhipUrvaka bheda-prabheda karatA huA unheM viSaya karatA hai aura Rjusutranaya kevala vartamAnakSaNavartI padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai ataH vyavahAranaya kI apekSA RjusUtranaya alpaviSayavAlA hai aura RjusUtra kI apekSA vyavahAranaya adhika viSayavAlA hai / zabdanaya kAlAdi ke bheda ko lekara padArtha meM bheda mAnatA hai aura RjusUtranaya kAlAdi ke bheda ko lekara padArtha meM bheda nahIM mAnatA hai ataH kAlAdi ko apekSA lekara padArtha meM bheda mAnane vAle zabda naya kI apekSA kAlAdika ko lekara padArtha meM bheda nahIM mAnane vAle Rjusutra kA viSaya adhika hai aura zabdanaya kA viSaya alpa hai| samabhirunaya to aisA hai ki kAla Adi kA bheda na hone para bhI pratyeka zabda kA bhinna-bhinna artha mAnatA hai parantu zabdamaya aisA nahIM mAnatA hai ataH samabhirUDhanaya kI apekSA zabdanaya kA viSaya adhika hai aura zabdanaya kI apekSA samabhirUtunaya kA viSaya alpa hai| samabhirUDhanaya paryAyavAci zabdoM kA kriyAbheda ko lekara aura kriyAbheda ko nahIM bhI lekara bhinna-bhinna artha pratipAdana karatA hai aura evaMbhUtanaya kriyAbheda ko lekara hI-arthAt jisa zabda ke dvArA usa padArtha kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha padArtha yadi usa samaya usa zabda kI pravRtti kI nimittabhUta kriyA se yukta hai taba hI vaha padArtha usa zabda kA vAcya ho sakatA hai isa rUpa se usakA pratipAdana karatA hai ataH evaMbhUtanaya ko apekSA samabhirUDhanaya mahAn viSayavAlA hai aura evaMbhUtanaya alpaviSayavAlA hai| isa taraha uttarottara nayoM kI apekSA pUrvanayoM meM adhika-adhika viSayatA bAtI hai aura pUrva-pUrva nayoM kI apekSA Age ke nayoM meM alpaviSayatA AtI hai aisA jAnanA cAhiye / isa kathana se yaha hama acchI taraha se jJAna kara lete haiM ki naigamanaya sarvanayoM ko apekSA adhika viSaya vAlA aura evaMbhUtanaya alpaviSayavAlA hai / bAkI ke aura naya yathAyogyarIti se apekSAkRta alpaviSaya vAle bhI haiM aura adhika viSaya vAle bhI haiM / / 27 / / sUtra-vidhiniSedhAbhyAM nayavAkyamapi saptabhaGgAtmakam // 28 // saMskRta TIkA-api zabdAt pramANavAkyavaditi sUcyate tathA ca yathA vidhiniSedhAbhyAM pramANa

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188 nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 28-29 vAkyaM saptabhaGgAtmakaM pUrva pratipAditam tathaiva svaviSaye vidhiniSedhAbhyAM nayavAkyamapi saptabhaGgAtmakaM bhavatIti jJAtavyama yathA pratibhaGga abhedavRttyA'bhedopacAreNa vA sakalAdeza svabhAva pramANasaptabhaGgI pUrva pratipAditA tathavAbhedavRtte rabhedopacArasya vA'mAzrayaNe pratibhaGga vikalAdezasvabhAvA nayasaptamajI bhavati akhaNDAtmakasya vastunaH khaNDa-khaMDa kRtvA pratipAdakaM vAkyaM nayaH arthAt jIvAjIvarUpasya sarvasyaiva vastuno'nanta dharmAtmakatvenAkhaNDAtmakasyaikakayarmamadhikRtya vidhiniSedhAbhyAM jAyamAnAtsaptavidhapraznavazAt saptadhottararUpaM yat vAkyaM pravartate tadeva nayavAkyam / / 28 / / hindI cyAkhyA-bidhi aura niSedha ko lekara nayayAkya bhI sAta bhaGgoM vAlA hotA hai| sUtra meM jo api zabda AyA hai vaha isI bAta ko sUcita karatA hai ki yaha natha vAkya bhI apane viSaya meM vidhiniSedha ko Adhina karake pramANa tAmya kI dI mAta ar3oM vAlA hotA hai / pramANa vAkya sAta bhaGgoM vAlA hotA hai yaha bAta hamane caturtha adhyAya meM spaSTa kara dI hai| pramANa vAkya sakalAdeza svabhAva vAlA hotA hai aura nagavAkya vikalAdeza svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| rAkalAdeza svabhAva vAle pramANavAkya meM vastugata ananta dharmoM kI pratipAdita eka dharma ke sAtha abhedavRtti aura abheda kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai aura nayavAkya meM yaha saba kucha nahIM kiyA jAtA hai kintu eka hI dharma kI kisI apekSA mukhyatA aura gauNatA karake vastu kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai / isa pratipAdana meM jisa dharma ko jisa kisI apekSA mUkhya kiyA gayA hotA hai usI dharma ko kisI dUsarI apekSA goNa kara diyA jAtA hai / isa taraha eva dharma ke pratipAdana meM udbhUta sAta prakAra ke praznoM ke uttara meM sAta bhaMgAtmaka vikalpa hote haiM inhIM kA nAma naya saptabhaMga hai / vastu akhaNDAtmaka hai usakA khaNDa-khaNDa karake vivecana karanA yaha kAma naya kA hai jIvAjIvAdirUpa eka-eka vastu ananta dharmoM se yukta hai / naya vAkya ke dvArA ina ananta dharmoM kA eka sAtha pratipAdana nahIM hotA hai ataH naya vAkya una ananta dharmoM meM se eka-eka dharma ko lekara ke usa vastU kA pratipAdana kiyA karatA hai / isa pratipAdana meM zeSa dharmoM kA vaha tiraskAra nahIM karatA hai kintu unake prati vaha udAsIna bhAva rakhatA hai yahI sunaya hai aura yaha sunaya hI sapta bhaMgAtmaka hotA hai| sUtra-nayasya phalamapi tasmAtkathaMcidbhinnamabhinnaM ceti // 26 / / saMskRta TIkA-yathA pramANasya phalaM pramANAtkathaMcid bhinnaM kathaMcidabhintaM pratipAdita tathaiva nayaphalamapi vastvaMzAjJAnanivRttirUpaM sAkSAtphalaM vastvaMzAviSayaka hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhirUpa paramparAphannaM ceti tasmAt nayAt kathaMcid bhinnaM kathaJcidabhinnaM ca boddhavyam ekAntato tasyabhinnatvena tasyedamiti nayaphalabhAvavyavahAro na syAt sarvadhA'bhinnatve eka evAvaziSTo bhavet na tadubhayam ataH tat tasmAtkathaMcit bhinnamabhinnaM ca mantavyam ||suu0 26 / / hindI vyAkhyA-naya kA phala bhI naya se kathaJcit bhinna aura kathaJcit abhinna hotA hai / jisa prakAra pramANa kA phala pramANa se kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna pahale pratipAdita kiyA jA cukA hai usI prakAra se naya kA vastvaMza viSayaka hAna upAdAna aura upekSArUpa paramparAphala naya se kathaMcita bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna kahA gayA hai / ekAnta rUpa se naya kA phala yadi naya se bhinna mAnA jAye to yaha naya kA phala hai aisI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakatI hai aura yadi naya kA phala naya se sarvathA abhinna mAnA jAve to yaha naya hai aura yaha usakA phala hai aisA vyavahAra nahIM bana sakatA hai ataH naya kA phala naya se kathaMcita bhinna aura kathaMcid abhinna hai aisA hI mAnanA yuktiyukta hai|

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nyAyaratna : nyAparalAvalI TIkA SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 30 186 sUtra - - pratyakSAdi pramANasiddhaH pramAtA caitanyasvarUpo jJAnAdi pariNAmI karttA bhoktA, gRhIta parimANaH pratizarIraM bhinnaH paudgalikAdRSTavAn kathaMcinnityaH AtmA // 30 // saMskRta TIkA - pramAturAtmanaH svarUpaM nirUpayitumidaM sUtraM pratipAditaM sUribhistathA ca ahaM sukhI, ahaM duHkhI, ahaM jAnAmi, amicchAmItyAdirItyA pratyeka jIvAnAM svasaMvedanena siddhaH -- ahaM pratyayena vedyaH, svazarIravartana Atmano mAnasa pratyakSa siddhatvAt parazarIravartana Atmanastu anumAna gamyatvAt aitena yadukta pareNa--ahaMkAra pratyayasamutthena mAnasapratyakSaNeNohaM gauraH zyAmo vetyAdI zarIrAzrayatayA'pi samutpadyamAnaH tvenAnaikAntikatvAnnA manastena siddhistadapAkRtamahaM sukhI ahaM duHkhI iti antarmukhasya pratyayasyAtmAlambanatayaivotpatteH / na ca vAkyaM pRthivyAdi pAJcabhautikameva zarIraM caitanyarUpa AtmA mRtazarIreSu caitanyAnupalandhyAdasya svatantra siddha e / yo'hametadrAkSaM so'hamadhunA enaM spRzAmityevaM rUpeNa pratyabhijJAnenApyAtmano'stisvasiddha eH kathaM tadabhAvo vaktugucitaH syAt / yadi ca zarIramevAtmA sthAttahi bAlazarIrayuvazarIrANAmupayApacayena parasparabhinnena bAlye vilokitu yauvane smaraNaM na syAt anya dRSyasya vastuno'nyena smaraNAbhAvAt ityAdirUpAnekavidhakAryANAM sadbhAvaevAtmanaH svatantrasattAkhyApako'stItimantavyam / AtmA caitanye svarUpatvAt pramAtA saMvedanazIlo vartate acetanatvAt zarIrasya saMvedanazIlatvAbhAvo vartate jJAnecchA sukha-duHkhAdi paryAyatayA pariNamanasvabhAvAt jJAnAdi pariNAmI saH / zubhAzubhakarmaNAM kartRtvAt karttA teSAM phalabhoktRtvAdbhoktA ca pradezasaMhAra visarpaNa svabhAvavattvAt prAptazarIraM parimANaH, pratizarIraM pRthaka-pRthaka tasya vartamAnatvAt pratizarIraM bhinnaH, na tu sarvazarIrapyeka evAtmAvyApakatvAt pudgalamaya puNyapAparUpadRSTavattvAt paudgalikAhaSTatvAn Atmadravyatvena kathaMcitra nityaH / atrAtmanazcaitanya svarUpapratipAdanena jJAnAbhinnAtmavAdinAM naiyAyikAnAM matamapAkRtam / pariNAmapadopAdena AtmanaH kUTasthanityavAdivedAntyAdInAM mataM nirastam / kartR bhoktRpadopAdena sAMkhyAbhimatapuSkara palAzavannirlepasvarUpatvamAtmano nirloThitam / svazarIraM parimANakathanena Atmano vibhutvavAdinAM naiyAyikAnAM matamapAkRtam / pratizarIraM bhinnatvakathane nAI tAtmavAdivedAntInAM mataM parAhatam / paudgalikAdRSTavAniti kathanena ca apaudgalikAiSTavAdinAM naiyAyikAnAM mataM vyapohitam ||30|| artha --- pramANAdi ke svarUpa kA kathana karake aba sUtrakAra pramAtA ke svarUpa kA kathana karate hue samajhAte haiM ki pramAtA AtmA hotA hai aura yaha AtmA pratyakSAdi pramANoM se siddha hai, saMvedanazIla hai, caitanyasvarUpa hai, jJAnAdirUpa pariNAmoM vAlA hai, kartA hai, bhoktA hai, apane dvArA prApta kiye hue zarIra ke barAbara hai / hara eka zarIra meM yaha bhinna-bhinna hai| paudgalika adRSTa vAlA hai aura kathaJcit nitya hai // 30 // hindI vyAkhyA - yaha sUtra sUtrakAra ne pramAtA - AtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane ke lie racA hai| isake dvArA unhoMne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki yaha AtmA nAma kA padArtha kalpita nahIM hai kintu isake astitva ke vyApaka pratyakSAdi pramANa haiM- maiM duHkhI haiM, maiM sukhI hU~, maiM jAnatA hai, maiM cAhatA hai, ityAdi rUpa se jo pratyeka jIvoM ko svasaMvedana pratyakSa hotA hai usase isakI siddhi hotI hai / / 30 / / prazna- maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~ ityAdi rUpa se jo ahaM pratyaya hotA hai vaha AtmAzrita nahIM hotA hai kintu meM gorA hU~, maiM kAlA hU~ ityAdi pratyaya kI taraha zarIrAzrita hI hotA hai ataH isase AtmA kA svatantra astitva kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ? uttara- aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki maiM gorA hU~, maiM kAlA hU~ aisA jo pratyaya hotA hai vaha rAzrita nahIM hotA hai kintu priya naukara meM ahaM buddhi kI taraha AtmA kA upakAraka hone se hI zarIra

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, natra 30 sambandha meM AtmA ko hotA hai ataH yaha mAnanA cAhie ki maiM sustrI hU~, aura maiM duHkhI hU~ aisA jo ahaM pratyaya hotA hai vaha AtmAzrita hI hotA hai / prazna-yadi yaha ahaM pratyaya AtmAzrita hI hotA hai to AtmA to sadA vidyamAna hI rahatI hai isaliye rAta-dina isa pratyaya ko hote rahanA cAhie ? parantu aisA to hotA nahIM hai ataH isakA kAraNa kyA hai ? __ uttara-yaha zaMkA isaliye ThIka nahIM hai ki yaha binA vicAre kI gaI hai| pahale Apako yaha mAlUma honA cAhiye ki AtmA kA lakSaNa kyA hai ? prazna-to kahiye nA, AtmA kA lakSaNa kyA hai ? uttara-AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga hai / isakA dUsarA nAma cetanA hai| yaha jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / ahaM pratyaya yaha eka prakAra kA upayoga hai| karmoM ke kSaya aura kSayopazama Adi kI vicitratA se indriya, mana, Aloka Adi kI sahAyatA milane para upayogarUpa ahaM pratyaya utpanna hotA hai| isalie yaha ahaM pratyaya AtmA ke sadA vidyamAna rahate hue bhI AtmA meM madA utpanna nahIM hotA hai| prazna--ApakI isa bAta se to AtmA meM AnAyatA kA Aropa honA siddha ho jAtA hai kyoMki AtmA kA lakSaNa jaba upayoga anitya hai to phira lakSya bhI anitya hI siddha hogaa| uttara-aMkura kI utpatti kI anityatA ko dekhakara jisa prakAra aMkurotpAdana zakti anitya nahIM mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra karmoM ke kSaya kSayopazamAdi kI vicitratA se indriya mana Adi ke sahakAra milane para hI ahaM pratyaya hotA hai isalie ahaM pratyaya ke anitya hone se AtmA ko anitya nahIM kaha sakate / ataH isase AtmA meM anityatA kA Aropa nahIM hotA hai| isI keMTaka kI zuddhi ke nimitta 'ahaM pratyaya vedyaH aisA TIkAkAra ne kahA hai| apane-apane zarIravartI yAtmA kA astitva siddha svasaMvedana pratyakSa se hotA hai aura para zarIravartI AtmA kA astitva siddha anumAna se hotA hai| ataH 'AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi' ahaM sukhI ahaM duHstrI 'isa prakAra ke ahaMkAra pratyaya se uttha mAnasa pratyakSa se hotI hai| isa prakAra ke kathana para jo kisI ne aisA AkSepa kiyA hai ki 'ahaM gauraH ahaM zyAmaH' maiM gorA haiM, maiM kAlA hai "aisA ahaM pratyaya to zarIra ke Azrita bhI hotA hai ataH isase AtmA kA svatantra astitva siddha nahIM hotA hai" so isakA uttara hama pIche de cuke haiM / tathA yaha ahaM pratyaya sadA nahIM hotA hai isakA bhI kAraNa yuktipUrvaka hama samajhA cuke haiN| prazna-yadi AtmA ko svatantra na mAnA jAve aura pRthivI Adi pA~ca bhUtoM se udbhUta hue zarIra ko hI caitanyarUpa AtmA mAnA jAve to kyA Apatti hai ? uttara-yadi AtmA kA svatantra astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAve aura paMcabhUtoM se utpanna hue isa zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnA jAve to caitanyarUpa AtmA se rahita hue murde ke zarIra meM bho catanyarUpa AtmA kI upalabdhi mAnanA par3egI parantu aisA to kisI ne bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, ataH zarIra se bhinna AtmA hai aisA hI svIkAra karanA caahie| pratyabhijJAna pramANa bhI AtmA kI svatantra sattA kA isa prakAra se syApaka hotA hai ki 'jise maiMne pahale dekhA thA use hI maiM aba chU rahA hU~' yadi AtmA nAma kA koI padArtha svatantra nahIM hotA to AtmA meM jo isa prakAra kA ekatva pratyaya hotA hai vaha nahIM honA cAhie /

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nyAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSTama adhyAya, sUtra 30-31 161 yadi zarIra ko hI AtmA rUpa mAnA jAve to bAla zarIra aura yuvA zarIra meM avayavoM ke upacaya aura apacaya ko lekara paraspara meM bhinnatA A jAtI hai| ataH isa bhinnatA ke kAraNa jisa prakAra eka ke dvArA dekhA huA padArtha dUsare ke dvArA smRta nahIM hotA hai usI prakAra bAlyakAla meM dekhI huI vastu kA smaraNa yuvAkAla meM nahIM honA caahie| parantu aisA hotA to hai ataH AtmA kA svatantra astitva hI ina pUrvokta yuktiyoM se prasiddha hotA hai tathA garIra meM jitanI bhI kriyAe~ hotI haiM ve ratha se cAlana kriyA meM kAraNabhUta sArathI kI taraha AtmA ke nimitta ko lekara hI hotI haiM / yadi AtmA zarIra rUpI bhavana ke bhItara virAjamAna na ho to zarIra meM halana-calana Adi rUpa kriyA nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH ina saba aneka prakAra ke kAryoM kA sadbhAba hI AtmA kI svatantra sattA kA kathana karatA hai| ___AtmA caitanya svarUpa vAlA hai isalie vaha pramAtA hai saMvedanazIla hai| zarIra acetana hai-ataH vaha saMvedanazIla nahIM hai| jJAna, icchA, sukha-duHkha Adi bhinna-bhinna pariNAmoM meM isakA pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| isalie yaha jJAnAdi pariNAmoM vAlA hai, zubha-azubha Adi karmoM kA yaha kartA hai aura unake phaloM kA bhoktA hai tathA isakA svabhAva saMkoca vistArayukta hai isalie nAmakarma ke udayAnusAra prApta zarIra meM isake pradezoM ka saMkoca vistAra ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa hAthI ke zarIra meM jAne para isake pradezoM kA phailAva ho jAtA hai aura coMTI ke zarIra meM jAne para isake pradezoM kA saMkoca ho jAtA hai| hara eka zarIra meM eka jIva nahIM rahatA hai kintu bhinna-bhinna rUpa se bhinna zarIroM meM jIva rahatA hai kyoMki yaha vyApaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| pudgalamaya puNyapAparUpa se yaha saMsAra avasthA meM yukta banA rahatA hai tathA isakA svabhAva kathaMcinitya hai kyoMki isakA vinAza nahIM hotA hai / AtmA ke ye saba vizeSaNa anya yogavyavacchedarUpa haiM / ataH AtmA caitanyasvarUpa hai isa vizeSaNa se AtmA ko jJAna se bhinna mAnane vAle naiyAyika ke mata kA kathana nirasta kiyA gayA hai / 'jJAnAdi pariNAmI' vizeSaNa dvArA AtmA ko kUTastha nitya mAnane vAle vedAntiyoM kA siddhAnta dUra kiyA gayA hai / kartA evaM bhoktA pada ke dvArA AtmA meM sAMkhyoM kI puSkarapalAza-kamalapatra kI taraha nilepasvarUpatA kI mAnyatA dUra kI gaI hai arthAt solyoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA karmoM se lipta nahIM hotA hai, lipta to prakRti hI hotI hai aura phala kA bhoktA, 'akartA nirguNo bhoktA AtmA kapiladarzane AtmA hotA hai tathA prakRti hI karmoM ko karane vAlI hai, AtmA nhiiN| taba jaina dArzanikoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki karmoM kA kartA AtmA hI hai aura vahI unake phaloM kA bhoktA hai, AtmA gRhIta zarIra ke barAbara hai, vyApaka nahIM hai| isa bAta kA kathana gRhIta zarIra parimANa pada se kiyA gayA hai| ataH AtmA vyApaka hai saba jIvoM ke zarIra meM eka hI AtmA hai bhinnabhinna AtmA nahIM hai aisA jo AtmA ko vyApaka mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta hai vaha isa vizeSaNa dvArA dUra ho jAtA hai| prati zarIra meM AtmA bhinna-bhinna hai aisA jo kahA mayA hai baha Atma advaitavAdI vedAntiyoM ke siddhAnta ko dUra karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| adRSTa kA jo paudgalikatva vizeSaNa se yukta kiyA gayA hai vaha puNyapAparUpa adRSTa ko apaudgalika mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM ke mata ko dUra karane ke lie kahA gayA hai / / 30 / / sUtra-gRhItapuruSa-strI-napuMsaka zarIrasyAtmanaH sabhyagjJAna kriyAbhyAM kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH // 31 // saMskRta TokA-strapUrvabhavopArjita karmAnusArAt upAttapuruSastrIkalevarasyAtmanaH jIvasya samyagdarzana jJAnacAritraH kRtambhakarmakSayaH sakala zubhAzubhakarmapradhvaM sarUpo mokSo bhavati tathA coktamuttagadhyayane 28 adhyayane 'nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva caritAM ca tavo tahA, evaM maragamaNapattA lIvA gacchati soggaI'

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162 nyAyaratna : nyAyarasnAyalI TIkA: pATama adhyAya, sUtra 31 strINAM mokSAnabhyupagantR NAM digambarANAM mataM strI padena nirastam samyak padena mithyAdarzanAdInAM mokSakAraNatva yudastam kRtsnavArmakSayopAdena ca yat kiJcit karmAvazeSa mokSarUpA siddhirna saMbhavatIti sucitam / jJAnAdi vizeSaguNocchedenAtmano mukti manya mAnasya naiyAyikasya mataM ca nirastam mokSAvasthAyAmAtmano jJAnAdyabhAvena jaDatvApatteH / hindI vyAkhyA-apane pUrvabhavopAjitakarma ke anusAra puruSa athavA strI yA napuMsaka ke zarIra meM vartamAna jIva kI jo samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke dvArA samastakarmoM ke sakala zubhAzubharUSa karmoM ke atyanta kSayarUpa avasthA hai usI kA nAma mokSa hai / prazna--sUtra meM to 'samyagjJAna kriyAbhyAM' aisA hI pada hai phira samyagdarzana ko Apane kaise grahaNa kiyA ? uttara-'samyagjJAna' pada se samyagdarzana ko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai trayoMki samyagjJAna binA samyagdarzana ke nahIM hotA hai ina donoM kA AnAbhAva sambandha hai| prazna-samyaka cAritra ko grahaNa kase kiyA ? uttara-kriyApada se samyakacAritra ko grahaNa kiyA hai kyoMki mokSamArga ke prakaraNa meM kriyApada se sammakucAritra hI gRhIta hotA hai| prazna-kahIM-kahIM tapa ko bhI mukti kA mArga bahA gayA hai jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana ke 28 vai adhyayana meM kahA hai so use yahA~ para kyoM nahIM kahA ? uttara-tapa cAritra rUpa hI hotA hai ataH usakA antarbhAba cAritra meM hI ho jAtA hai / isalie use pRthaka rUpa se sUtrakAra ne nahIM kahA hai / prazna- yahA~ para 'gRhIta puruSa strI napusaka zarIrasya itane bar3e vizeSaNa kI kyA AvazyakatA thI kyoMki paJcendriya paryAptakaH manuSya hI bhaThyAvasthAvAlA huA mukti ko prApta karatA hai ataH 'tathA bhanyasyAtmanaH' itanA hI kaha denA paryApta thA phira isa prakAra saMkoca na karake itane bar3e vistAra kI kyA AvazyakatA thI ? uttara-mUtra meM jo isa prakAra se vistAra kiyA gayA hai vaha digambara mata meM 'dravya strI ko mukti kI prApti nahIM hotI hai' kathita isa siddhAnta ko haTAne ke liye kiyA gayA hai tathA kRtrima napuMsaka ko mukti lAbha karane kA niSedha nahIM hai vaha to akRtrima napuMsaka ko hI hai isa bAta ko samajhAne ke lie sUtra meM napuMsaka pada kA nyAsa huA hai / 'kRtsna karmakSaya' pada se sUtrakAra ne yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki thor3A-bahuta bhI karma yadi kSaya hone se AtmA meM bAkI bacatA hai to usake sadabhAva meM AtmA ko mukti kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, tathA naiyAyikoM ne jo aisA mAnA hai ki AtmA ke jJAnAdi viziSTa gRNoM ke naSTa hone para hI mukti hotI hai so aisA unakA yaha siddhAnta ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra kI mAnyatA meM AtmA meM jar3atA kI prasakti prApta hotI hai / jJAnAdi vizeSa guNa AtmA ke svarUpa haiM aura jaba mokSa meM inakA abhAva hai to isa prakAra ke mokSa kI cAhanA bhalA kaho to kauna karegA / / 31 / / sUtra-tattvanirNayecchu vijigISukathAbhedAt kathA dvividhA // 32 // saMskRta TIkA-vRttva nirNayecchaka vijigISa kAthA bhedAn dvividhA kathA pratipAditA / hindo vyANyA-kathA do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai eka tattvanirNayecna kI kathA aura dUsarI vijigISu kI kthaa|

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nyAyarala : nyAyaralAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 33-34 saMskRta TIkA-tatra jayaparAjaya' nirapekSayo gururAziSyayostattvanirNayArthaM kriyamANo vicAro tattvanirNayecchu kathA tadviparItA ca kathA vijigISu kathA saMvaM vAdarUpA sA ca vAdi prativAdibhyAM jayaparAjayaparyantaM svAbhimata dharmavyavasthApanArthaM parapakSa nirAkaraNArthaM ca kriyate / hindI vyAkhyA-jaya parAjaya kI icchA nahIM rakhate hue guru Adi aura ziSya Adi kA jo kevala tattvanirNaya karane ke nimitta paraspara meM vicAra vinimaya hotA hai usakA nAma tattvanirNayecchu kathA hai / yaha kathA vItarAga kathA rUpa hotI hai / isa kathA ko vAda rUpa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vAda to vijigISu kathA ko hI mAnA gayA hai / yaha vAdI prativAdI donoM meM hotI hai, guru ziSya meM nahIM hotI hai, eka hI adhikaraNa meM, eka hI kAla meM jaba paraspara sahAnavasyArUpa virodha vAle do dharmoM meM se kisI eka svAbhimata dharma kI vyavasthA karane ke liye aura parAbhipreta dharma kA nirAkaraNa karane ke liye vAdI aura prativAdI dvArA sAdhana aura dUSaNarUpa vacanoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usI kA nAma vAda hai| yaha vAda vAdI-prativAdiyoM meM jaya aura parAjayaparyanta calatA hai // 32 // sUtra-tattvanizcayAya kriyamANo jayaparAjayavihIno vicAraH tattvanirNayecchu kathA // 33 / / saMskRta TIkA-tattvanirNayecchustAvat siddhAntapratipAditaM tattvaM samyagrItyA svAtmani parAsmani vA vyavasthApanArthamabhilaSati na cAtra kazcit pakSa-pratipakSagraho bhavati--rAgadveSAbhAvAt tattvanirNayakAmukatvAt tatra tattvanirNayArtha yadyapi pakSa-pratipakSagraho bhavati tathApi tatra jayaparAjayAbhilASa prayuktayosta. yorabhAvAjjayaparAjaya vyavahAro na jAyate vAdi-prativAdisvAbhAvAcca vAdavyavahAro na jAyate kevalaM tattvanirNayArtha vicAra vinimayasya jAyamAnatvena tatra vItarAgatvema / ___ arthatattvanirNaya ke liye jayaparAjaya vihIna kiyA gayA jo vicAra hai vaha tattvaniNayendra kathA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-jo siddhAntokta tattvoM ko acchI taraha se samajhane ke liye tathA para ko samajhAne ke liye abhilASI hotA hai usakA nAma tattvanirNayeccha yA tattvabubhutma hai| ziSya ko jaba kisI siddhAntokta tatva meM sandeha hotA hai taba vaha usake samAdhAnArtha gurujanAdi se pUchatA hai, unake sAtha vicAra-vinimaya karatA hai / usa vicAra-vinimaya meM pakSa-pratipakSa kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vahA~ to kevala tattva nirNaya karane kI hI abhilASA rahA karatI hai, rAgaDhaSa kA abhAva hotA hai, ve to sirpha tattva nirNaya karane ke hI kAmanA vAle hote haiN| yadyapi tatva-nirNaya ke nimitta pakSa-pratipakSa kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai parantu vaha jaya-parAjaya kI abhilASA se prayukta nahIM hotA hai ataH una donoM ke vicAra vinimaya meM jaya. parAjaya kA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai tathA ve jaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanAvAle vAdI aura prativAdI ke rUpa meM nahIM hote haiM, isaliye unake usa vicAra meM vAda kA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra tattvanirNaya ke nimitta una donoM meM jo vicAra-vinimaya hotA hai vaha rAgadvaSa vihIna hone ke kAraNa tattvanirNayecchu kathA yA vItarAga kathArUpa mAnA gayA hai // 33 / / sUtra-svAbhimatadharmavyavasthApanArtha svaparapakSasAdhanadUSaNAbhyAM paraparAjayecchukathA vijigISu kthaa||34|| saMskRta TIkA-svasya abhimato'bhipreto yo dharmaH pakSaH AtmAdeH kathaJcinnityatvAdirUpastasya vyavasthApanArtha sthirIkaraNArtha svapakSasAdhanena parapakSadUSaNena ca prativAdinaM parAjetumicchuH puruSaH paraparAjayenzuH kathyate tasya vAdarUpA yA kathA sA vijigISu kathA / parapakSakhaNDanena svapakSasaMsthApanenaiva ca vijayalAbhAttena kriyamANAyAH kathAyA vijigISu kathAtvasaMbhavAt // 34 //

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194 nyAyarala : nyAyaralAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 35 hindI vyAkhyA-apane abhimata pakSa ko sthiratA karane ke liye jo svapakSa kI siddhi aura parapakSa kA khaNDana karatA hai usakA nAma vijigISu hai| yaha vijigISu pratibAdI ko parAsta karane kA abhilASI hotA hai| isakI isa vAdarUpa kathA kA nAma hI vijigISu kathA hai| prazna-yadi vAdI apane pakSa kI hI siddhi kara letA hai to kyA itane mAtra se use vijayazrI kA lAbha nahIM hotA hai ? yadi hotA hai to phira yahA~ sUtra meM 'svaparapakSasAdhanadUSaNAbhyAM' aisA dvivacana kA prayoga kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? uttara-akele svapakSa kI siddhi kara lene mAtra se hI vAdI ko vijayazrI kA lAbha nahIM hotA hai kintu svapakSa kI siddhi aura para pakSa kA nirAkaraNa karanA ina donoM se hI vijayazrI kA lAbha hotA hai ataH vAdI ko donoM hI karanA cAhiye isa bAta ko sUcita karane ke liye hI sUtra meM 'svaparapakSasAdhana dUSaNAbhyAM' aise dvivacana kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / prazna-svapakSa kI siddhi hI parapakSa kA khaNDana hai yA parapakSa kA khaNDana hI svapakSa kI siddhi hai aisA mAnane meM kyA hAni hai ? utsara-hAni to kucha nahIM hai| parantu aisA kathana jo yahA~ para kiyA gayA hai| usakA kAraNa ekAntamAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa karanA hai| bauddha siddhAnta kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki vAdI yadi apane pakSa kI siddhi karatA huA parapakSa kA khaNDana karatA hai to vaha bacanAdhikya ke prayoga karane ke kAraNa parAjita hI mAnA jAtA hai, vijayI nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| ataH isa ekAnta mAnyatA ko dUra karane ke liye yahA~ vAdI ko svapakSa kI siddhi karane ke sAtha-sAtha parapakSa kA khaNDana avazya karanA cAhiye-tabhI use jaya kI prApti hotI hai, aisA kahA gayA hai, svapakSa kI siddhi karane ke sAtha-sAtha parapakSa ke khaNDana karane rUpa vacanAdhikya se usakA parAjaya nahIM hotA hai| isa taraha apane abhimata pakSa kI siddhi ke liye jo vAdI prativAdI banakara do malloM kI taraha zAstrArtha bhUmirUpI akhAr3e meM uttara karake jayaparAjaya kI icchA se prerita hue bAda karate haiM usa kathA kA nAma vijigISu kathA hai aisA jAnanA cAhiye / / 34 / / sUtra-tattvanirNayecchu dvividhaH svAtmani parAtmani ca / / 35 // saMskRta TIkA-tattvanirNayecchanA kriyamANAyAH kathAyAH prasaGgAttasya bhedamAha tattvanirNayecchu vividha ityAdinA tathA ca tattvanirNayecchu dvividho bhavati-svAtmani tattvanirNayecchuH parAtmani tattvanirNaye suzceti tatra kazcitpuruSaH AtmAdeH kathaJcinnityatvAdi tattvaviSayakasaMzayAt svAtmani tattvanirNayeccyA murvAdi nikaTaM gatvA vItarAgakathAyAM pravartate kazcittu parAnugraheNa preritaH parAtmani sattvanirNayecchayA vItarAgakathAyAM pravartate etena vItarAgakathAyAM pravartamAnasya tattva nirNayecchoH vItarAga kathAkaraNena svAtmani tattvanirNayo jAyate svadvArA ziSyAdyAtmani ca tattvanirNayo bhavatIti phalitam // 35 / / hindI vyAkhyA-tattvanirNayecchu do prakAra kA hotA hai--eka svAtmA meM tattvanirNaya kI icchA bAlA aura dUsarA parAtmA meM tattvanirNaya kA icchuka / yahA~ para jo tattvanirNayecchu ke ye do bheda kahe gaye haiM be tattva-nirNayecchu dvArA kI gaI kathA ke prasaGga ko lekara kahe gaye haiM / inameM koI eka purupa aisA hotA hai jo siddhAntokta tattva ko samajhane ke liye abhilASA vAlA hotA hai-use jaba siddhAntokta AtmA ke kathaMcit nityatvAdi dharma meM saMzaya utpanna ho jAtA hai to vaha apane meM usa lattva ko samajhane ke abhiprAya se 1 vijigISuNobhayaM kartavyaM svaparapakSasAdhanadUSaNam'-aSTazatyAm /

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nyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 36 165 gurvAdi ke nikaTa jAkara vItarAga kathA meM pravRtta hotA hai / arthAt bar3e namrabhAva se binA kisI jaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanA ke vaha unase usa saMzaya ko dUra karane kI ceSTA karatA hai, unase tarka-vitarka karatA hai aura koI eka ziSya aisA hotA hai ki dUsare jana isa tattva ko samajheM isa abhiprAya se gurvAdijanoM se usa tattva ke sambandha meM tarka-vitarka karatA hai isa taraha kI vItarAga kathA ke karane se tattva nirNayecchujana svAtmA meM tattva kA nirNaya prApta kara letA hai aura phira vaha apane dvArA para kI AtmA meM tattva kA nirNaya karA detA hai| sUtra-prathamaH ziSyAdidvitIyaH kSAyopazamikakSAyikajJAnavAna gurvAdiH / / 36 // saMskRta TokA--pUrvaM tattvanirNayecchoraparaparyAyasya tattvanirNinISo kaividhyamuktaM samprati tadeva dvaividhyamudAharaNa mukhena pratipAdayituM prakArAntaraM pradarzyate tatra prathamaH ziSyAdivineyajanaH, dvinIyo gurvAdiH prathamAdizabdAt ziSyasahAdhyAgnisuhRd vargAdirgrAhyaH, dvitIyAdi zabdAdAcAryopAdhyAyagaNi tIrthaMkarAdiAhyaH / parAtmani tattvanirNayecchogu deiva vidhyaM kSAyopazamikakSAyikajJAnibhedA jAyate / tatra jJAnAvaraNa karmaNaH sarvaghAtisparddha kAnAmudayAbhAvikSayAtteSAmeva sadupazamAdeza ghAtispardhakAnAmudaye nippanna matizra - tAvadhimanaHparyayarUpaM jJAnaM vyastaM samastaM vA yasyAsti sa kSAyopazamikajJAnI, jJAnAvaraNakarmaNaH sarvathA kSayeNa niSpanna kevalajJAnaM yasyAsti sa kSAyikajJAnI ziSyAdirUpaparAtmani tattvanirNayecchuH kSAyopazamika jJAnazAlI kSAyikajJAnazAlI ca bhavati etenedamavagantavyaM yat vItarAgakathArambhakANAM strayobhedA bhavanti / vinigama kathArambhakANa'meka ena bhayo bhanati, prabhA -(1) svAtmani tattvanirNayecchuH (2) parAtmani tattva nirNayaH kSAyopazamikajJAnI (3) parAtmani tatvanirNayecchuH kSAyikajJAnI ca / nahi kazcidapi prekSAvAn vijigoSaH svAtmAnaM vijetumicchati nApi kevalI paraM parAjetumicchati tasya vItarAgatvAt ataH svAtmani vijigISubhedo na bhavati parAtmani kevalirUpo vijigISu bhedazca na saMbhavati apitu parAtmani kSAyopazamikazAli vijigISu eka eva bhedo bhavati svAtmani tattvanirNayecchurapi kSAyopazamikajJAnazAlyeva bhavati na tu kSAyikajJAnazAlI kevalI tasya kSAyikajJAnazAlinaH kevalino nirNIta sakala tattva jJAnazAlisvAt svAsmani tattvabodhasya niSpannatvena tattva bubhutsA'bhAvAt tasmAt svAtmani tattvabubhutsurapi vijigAvadekarUpa eva kSAyopazAmakajJAnazAlI bhUtobodhya parAtmani tattvabubodhayiSastu dvividho bhavati kSAyopazamika jJAnazAlI kSAyikajJAnazAlI ceti / / 36 // artha-jo tattvabubhutsu tattvanirNayecchu prathama prakAra kA hotA hai arthAt svAtmA meM tattvanirNaya kI icchAvAlA hotA hai vaha ziSya Adi rUpa hotA hai aura jo parAtmA meM tattvanirNaya kI abhilASAvAlA guru Adi do prakAra kA hotA hai eka kSAyopazamikajJAnazAlI guru Adi aura dUsarA kSAyikajJAnazAlI guru Adi / / 36 / / hindI vyAlyA-tattvanirNayeccha zabda kA paryAyavAcI tattvanirNinISu hai| yaha to pahale hI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki yaha tatvanirNaye svAtmA meM aura parAtmA meM tattvanirNaya kI hI abhilASA vAlA hotA hai, jaya-parAjaya kI abhilASA vAlA nahIM hotA hai isI bAta ko sUtrakAra ne yahA~ udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA hai / prathama prakAra kA jo tattvanirNayecchu hotA hai vaha ziSyAdirUpa hotA hai aura dvitIya prakAra kA jo tatvanirNayecca hotA hai vaha guru Adi rUpa hotA hai| prathama Adi zabda se ziSya ke sahAdhyAyI suhRdavarga kA saMgraha aura dvitIya Adi zabda se AcArya upAdhyAya gaNI evaM tIrthakara AdikoM kA saMgraha huA hai / svAtmA meM tattvanirNayecchu eka hI prakAra ke hI hote haiM / kyoMki parAtmA meM tattvanirNaya kI

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gyAyarala : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 333 icchAvAlA guru Adi jana kSAyopazamika jJAnazAlI bhI hotA hai aura kSAyika jJAnazAlI bhI hotA hai isI kAraNa usake kSAyopazamika jJAnavAna aura kSAyikajJAnavAna aise do bheda prakaTa kaye gaye haiN| prazna-kSAyopazamika zabda kA vAcyArtha kyA hai ? yaha hameM dRSTAnta dekara samajhAie? uttara-suno-kalpanA karo-kisI amuka vyakti ke ghara para dasa laskara corI karane ke lie apane sthAna se eka sAtha cale aura 25 kadama para Akara unameM se 5 taskara dUsarI tarapha cale gaye, jisa vyakti ke yahA~ para unheM corI karanI thI vahA~ taka nahIM Aye, sirpha 5 taskara hI usa vyakti ke ghara taka Aye / aba inameM se 4 taskara bAhara baiThe rahe aura 1 taskara ne / usa vyakti ke ghara meM ghusakara corI karanA prArambha kara diyaa| yaha to dRSTAnta hai| aba isa dRSTAnta se hama Apako yaha samajhAte haiM ki isI prakAra se jJAnAbaraNa karma meM do jAti ke sparddhaka hote haiM eka sarvaghAtispaddhaka aura dUsare dezavAtisparddhaka / inameM se kucha sarvaghAtisparddhakoM kA udayAbhAvarUpa kSaya aura kucha sparddhakoM kA sadavasthArUpa upazama tathA dezadhAti sparddhakoM kA udaya jaba hotA hai taba jJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama honA kahA jAtA hai / isa jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazamavAlA jo vyakti hotA hai vaha kSAyopazamika jJAnazAlI kahA gayA hai / jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se AtmA meM matijJAna, a tajJAna, avadhijJAna aura manaparyayajJAna ye cAra jhAna taka utpanna hote haiM / yadi do jJAna hoM to matijJAna aura zra tajJAna hote haiM, tIna jJAna hoM to matijJAna zru tajJAna avadhijJAna yA matijJAna zra tajJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna hote haiM aura yadi cAroM jAna hoM to matijJAna va tajJAna avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna hote haiM / pA~ca jJAna eka sAtha eka AtmA meM nahIM hote haiM / kevalajJAna kevalajJAnAvaraNa karma ke sarvathA kSaya se hotA hai yaha jJAna jisake hotA hai vaha kSAyikajJAtI kahA jAtA hai / ziSyAdirUpa parAtmA meM tattvanirNaya hone kI icchA bAlA kSAyopazamika jJAnazAlI bhI hotA hai aura kSAyikajJAnazAlI bhI hotA hai / isa kathana se yaha hameM samajha meM A jAtA hai ki tattvanirNayecchukathA yA vItarAgakathA ke ArambhakoM ke tIna bheda hote haiM-eka to svAtmA meM tattvanirNaya kA abhilASI, 'dusara para AtmA meM tattvanirNaya kI abhilASI kSAyopazamikazAnazAlI guru Adi aura tIsarA para AtmA meM tattvanirNaya kA abhilASI kSAyika jJAnazAlI tathA vijigISu ke Arambha kA eka hI bheda hotA hai kyoMki koI bhI vijigISa apane Apako jItane kA abhilASI nahIM hotA hai, vaha to dUsare ko hI jItane kA abhilASI hotA hai isaliye jisa prakAra tattvanirNayecchu ke svAtmatattvanirNayecchu aura parAtmatattvanirNamecchu aise do bheda kahe gaye haiM aise ye do bheda yahAM saMbhavita nahIM hote haiM / parAtma vijigISu meM parAtmatattva nirNISu kI taraha do bheda isalie saMbhavita nahIM hote haiM ki jo kSAyikajJAnazAlI kevalI hotA hai vaha vItarAga hone se parAtmavijigISu nahIM hotA hai ataH vahA~ para parAlmavijigISu kSAyopazAmikazAlI aisA eka hI bheda hotA hai / isI taraha svAtmanirNayeccha meM kSAyopAmika jJAnazAlI aisA hI eka bheda hotA hai vahA~ svAtmanirNayeccha kSAyikajJAnazAlI kevalI aisA bheda nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vaha to kSAyikajJAnarUpa kaivalajJAna vAlA hotA hai ataH nitisakalatattvajJAnazAlI hone se vaha svAtmA meM sakala padArtha ke bodhavAlA hI hotA hai phira use sakalapadArtha ke nirNaya kI svAtmA meM icchA hI nahIM rahatI hai| isaliye svAtmA meM jo tattvanirNayecchu hotA hai vaha kSAyopazamikajJAnazAlI hI hotA hai, kSAyikajJAnazAlI nahIM hotA hai aisA jAnanA cAhiye / hA~, jo parAtmA meM tattva-nirNayecna hotA hai vaha kSAyikazAnazAlI bhI hotA hai aura kSAyopaza mikajJAnazAlI bhI hotA hai / ataH ye do bheda yahIM para saMbhAvita hote haiM / svAtmatatvanirNayecchu meM nahIM // 36 //

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mpAyaratna : nyAyaratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 37 jUna-triNitI kAya jAdo di tivAdi sabhyasabhApati caturaGgopetaH kadAcit tri maGgopetazca ||suu0 37 / / __ saMskRta TokA-vAdipratiyAdimabhyasabhApatibhedAd vAdasya vijigISu kathAyA catvAryagAni bhavanti yadA vijigISuNA saha vijigISo do bhavati tadA tatra bAdasya cattvAryavAGgAni ato dijigoSu kathArUpo bAdazcaturaMgopeta uktaH / anyathA vijayaparAjayavyavasthAcchidyata / tattvanirNayecchakathApekSayA sA kathA kadAcit vyaGgopetA kadAcit ca da yaMgo petA ca bhavati tathAhi- svAtmani tattvAnubhUtsau vAdini sati prativAdini ca paratra tattvanirNayecchukSAyopazamikajJAnazAlini sati ca tasmit svayaM tattvanirNayajanaka sAmarthya ca sA kathA vAdiprativAdirUpa da yajopetA bhavati tathAvidha sAmAbhAve ta vAdiprativAdisabhyarUpayaGgopetA bhavati idamatra bodhyam-yadA svAtmani tattvanirNayayeccharvAdI ziSyAdirbhavati prativAdI tu parAtmani bubodhayiSuH kSAyopazamikajJAnI gurvAdirbhavati atha ca prativAdI svayameva tathAvidhe vAdini ziSyAdI jayaparAjaya nirapekSatayA tattvanirNaya kattu samoM bhavati tadA taditarayoH sabhyasabhApatirUpAGgayostatra prayojanAbhAvAt vAdiprativAdirUpaha yagopetA sA kathitA yadA tu kRtaprayatno'pi murvAdiH prativAdI parAtmani ziSyAdau tattvabubodhayiSuH kSAyopazAmikajJAnI tathAvidhe vAdini 'ziSyAdau tattvanirNaya kattuM na pArayati tadA tannirNayArtha sabhyAnAmapyapekSyamANatvAt sabhyavAdipratibAdIrUpazyaGgopetA'pi sA kathitA etayoH zAThyakalahAdi vivAdA'sambhavena sabhApateH prayojanAbhAvAt yadA na kevalI parAtmani tattvabubodhayiSurbhavati- tadA sA dU yaGgopetaiva bhavati / vizeSato'nyato'vagantavyo'yaM viSayaH / vistarabhayAdadhikamatra naiva cintitam / artha-vijigISukathArUpa vAda-vAdI prativAdI sabhya aura sabhApatirUpa cAra aMgoM vAlA hotA hai tathA vItarAgakathArUpa bAda kadAcit do aMgoM vAlA hotA hai aura kadAcita tIna aMgoM vAlA hotA hai| hindI vyAkhyA-java jaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanA se prerita hote hue donoM kA cAdI aura prativAdI kA paraspara meM bAda-zAstrArtha hotA hai apane-apane svIkRta dharma kI saMsthApanA ke nimitta taba to vaha vAda sabhya, sabhApati, vAdI aura prativAdI ina cAra aMgoM vAlA hI hotA hai, inameM se yadi eka bhI aGga kI kamI hotI hai to vahA~ para jaya parAjaya kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai| jaba tattvanirNaya karane kI abhilApA vAle kisI ziSyAdi kA vicAra-vinimaya gurvAdijanoM ke sAtha hotA hai vahA~ vaha vAda kI saMjJA meM parigaNita nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vahA~ jaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanA nahIM hotI hai kintu tattva-saMdeha dUra kara tattva ke nirNaya karane kI hotI hai| yaha nirNaya viziSTa jJAnIjana dvArA hI kriyA jA sakatA hai| viziSTa jJAnI kSAyopazamika jJAnI bhI hote haiM aura kevalI bhI hote haiN| jaba koI kSAyopazamika jJAnI viziSTa kSAyopazamika jJAnazAlI ke pAsa apane tattvanirNaya karane ke abhiprAya se prerita huA jAtA hai aura vaha viziSTa kSAyopazamika jJAnI gurvAdi jana usake saMdeha ko dUra kara tattvanirNaya use karA dene meM samartha hotA hai taba to usa sthiti meM vahA~ para vyavahAra kI apekSA bAdI aura prativAdI aise ye do hI aMga hote haiM aura jaba yaha prativAdI kSAyopazamika zAnazAlI gurvAdi jana use tattvanirNaya karA dene meM apane Apako asamartha dekhatA hai taba aisI paristhiti meM vahA~ vAdI prativAdI aura sabhya ina tIna aGgoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai ataH usa tattvanirNaya ke artha kI gaI vaha vItarAga kathA tIna aMgoMvAlI hotI hai / do aMgoMvAlI vItarAga kathA meM sabhya sabhApati rUpa do aMgoM kI AvazyakatA isalie nahIM hotI hai ki vahAM para jaya

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198 nyAyaratna : nyAya ratnAvalI TIkA : SaSThama adhyAya, sUtra 37 parAjaya kI bhAvanA nahIM hai aura prativAdI gurvAdijana use svayaM hI tattvanirNaya karA dene kI zakti vAle haiM tathA jaba vaha vItarAga kathA tIna aMgoM vAlI hotI hai to usakA tAtparya IsA hai ki ziSyAdi ko apane tattvaviSayaka saMdeha ko dUra karane ke lie gurvAdi ke pAsa hI jAte haiM parantu gurvAdijana prayatna karane para bhI usa ziSya ko tattvanirNaya karA dene meM samartha nahIM hote haiM to vahA~ para sabhya rUpa tRtIya aMga kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / yahA~ sabhApati rUpa caturtha aMga kI AvazyakatA isalie nahIM hotI hai ki ina donoM ziSya aura gurvAdikoM meM zAThyakalaha AdirUpa vivAda to hotA nahIM hai isalie prayojana ke abhAva meM isa caturtha aMga kI AvazyakatA nahIM prakaTa kI gaI hai / tathA tattvanirNISu ziSyAdi jana jana kebalazAnI ke pAsa jAkara tattvanirNaya karatA hai-taba vahA~ para bhI pUrvokta do hI aMga hote haiM tIna nhiiN| isa viSaya ko aura bhI adhika vizada rUpa se jAnane ke lie anya granthoM ko dekhanA cAhie / kyoMki vahAM para vAdAMgoM kA vistArarUpa se varNana hai / yaha bAlakopayogI grantha hai ataH vistAra ho jAne ke bhaya se hamane use yahA~ para ghacita nahIM kiyA hai // 37 / / ||chtthvaaN adhyAya samAptaH // nyAyaratnAvalI TokA sahita nyAyaratna samApta //