Jainatva Jagaran

Author(s): Bhushan Shah
Publisher: Chandroday Parivar
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002460/1

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... - bhUSaNa zAha

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pa.pU. siddhidAtA, siddhanAma, vacanasiddha, AcArya zrI siddhisUrIzvarajI mahArAjA (bApajI ma.sA.)ko koTIzaH vaMdanA... pa.pU. AgamaprajJa, zrutasthavira, darzanaprabhAvaka munisattama gurudeva zrI jambUvijayajI mahArAjA ko koTIzaH vaMdanA...

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// OM hrIM zrIM zrI jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha rakSAM kuru kuru svAhA // // jinazAsana - jinAgama jayakArA // jAge re jaina saMgha... jainatva jAgaraNa..... -: devaloka se divya AzirvAda :AgamaprajJa munirAja zrI jambUvijayajI mahArAjA N bhUSaNa zAha : prakAzaka / prAptisthAna : candrodaya parivAra B-405/406, sumatinAtha bAbAvADI, mAMDavI - kaccha (gujarAta) Pin-370465 (M) 9601529519, 8490051343

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prAptisthAna cadodaya parivAra kI sabhI zAkhAe~ muMbaI mahArASTra dakSINa bhArata tAradeva, kRNAlabhAi- 9867911896 | beMgalura, premalatAbena- 9008544119 borIvallI, cetanabhAi- 9987654198 cennAi, komalabena- 9884368366 malADa, saMjayabhAI- 9869040104 ke.jI.epha, AzISa- 9036761788 ahamadAbAda saurASTra - kaccha (gujarAta) sAbaramati, nIravabhADa- 9425028805/ mAMDavI, navinabhAi - 8490051343 sITI, nIkhIlabhAI- 9426755901 |rAjakoTa, pUrvIbena - 9033663881 morabI, sanatabhAi- 9426732902 rAjasthAna jayapura, anujI jaina- 9426028805 nIleza osavAla- 9822801192 bADamera, rAkezabhAi- 9460462999 jodhapura, dIpakabhAi- 9828083214 mAMDala uttara bhArata pIkezabhAi- 7405160351 laMDana dilhI, hImAMzu jaina- 9711406456 ludhiyAnA, abhiSeka- 9888060008 nainezabhAi- 00447802209090 AgrA, maniSa jaina- 9359930418 myAnamAra (barmA) hiteSabhAi- +95-9420305250 hameM Apa onalAina bhI paDha sakate hai... phesabuka para - jainatva jagaran isa peja ko lAika kare. Email:- jainatva jagaran@gmail.com hamase jur3ane ke lIe jainatvajagran para lIkhe. Apako hamAre apaDeTa mIlate raheMge jainelibrary se bhI Apa ise paDha sakate hai| (patra se maMgAnevAle kevala mAMDavI ke eDresa se hI pustaka maMgAe)

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1 | ............. ............. OM 3 anukramaNikA prastAvanA.............. saMpAdaka kI aura se ............... AzA kI eka kiraNa................. jAgo re jaina saMgha ! ...................... jaina dharma kI vizvavyApakatA. jaina samAja kI ghaTatI huI jana saMkhyA .............. saMskRti kA strota .. jinapratimA kA prAcina svarupa............. zramaNa saMskRti kI zalAkA bhUmi ............ 10. uttara pUrva meM jaina dharma.. ......... ....... 11. sarAka jAti kA rahasya . 12. sarAka jAti kA itihAsa........... ........ .......... .......... 148 166 9 : 3 graMtha samarpitam..... ApakA Apako hI sAdara samarpita..... isa graMtha ko maiM mere mAtA-pitA tulya, mere sadA sahayogI mere bahana RSinA evaM bahanoi jimmibhAi bhaNasAlI ko sAdara samarpita karatA huM / - bhUSaNa zAha

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4 q. Uzaldoll..... jaina dharma vizva kA sabase prAcIna dharma | jaina dharma At se paramAtmA banane kA dharma jaina dharma - subodha vizAla vAGmaya kA dharma / yaha vahI sarvotkRSTa dharma hai jisakI prarUpaNA RSabhadeva jI - mahAvIra svAmI paryanta tIrthaMkaroM ne kI hai / yaha vahI sarvazreSTha dharma hai jisakA savahanasaMvardhana sudharmA svAmI- hemacaMdrAcArya jaise aparimita dhuraMdharoM ne kiyA hai / yaha vahI sarvamukhI dharma hai jisakA saMrakSaNa samrATa samprati-samrATa kumArapAla jaise paramArhatoM ne kiyA hai / jaina dharma kA jAjvalyamAna - dedIvyamAna itihAsa Aja bhI hameM prakAza pradAna karatA haiM / dharAtala kA satya hameM Alokita karatA hai ki vigata zatAbdiyoM se jisa prakAra bhasma graha prabhAveNa jaina dharma - jaina samAja kA hrAsa haA hai, vaha dayanIya hai - nindanIya hai / caramatIrthapati zAsananAyaka bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI jI ke zAsana meM dharmadveSiyoM dvArA jisa prakAra AkramaNa hue haiM, usase nissaMdeha rupa se hameM apUraNIya kSati huI haiM / aba samaya haiM uThane kA jagane kA / varSoM se hama jisa ciranidrA ke vazIbhUta hue hai, use tor3e kA samaya hai / jaina dharma kI divya patAkA punaH digdigata phahare, usake lie AvazyakatA hai - 'jainatva jAgaraNa' kI / atIta ke aMdhakAra meM khotA jaina dharma kA itihAsa -- jainatva jAgaraNa....... - I yugAdideva zrI RSabhadeva paramAtmA ne samUce vizva kI sabhyatA-saMskRti ko puSpita - pallavita kiyA jisake pramANa Aja bhI vizva kI sabhI saMskRtiyoM meM pratyakSa-apratyakSa rupa se maujUda haiM / unake mArga se nikale bhinna mata vibhinna dharma unhIM ke vaMzaja hai, kintu RSabhadeva jI kI mUla paramparA ko jIvanta rakhane vAle, unake AtmasparzI upadezoM ko sajIva rakhane vAle dharmo meM mAtra jaina dharma hI zeSa haiM / karor3o - araboM kI saMkhyA vAlA jaina samAja Aja saMkucita hokara haz2AroM-lAkhoM meM raha gayA hai / yaha saMkhyA mAtra jaina dharmAnuyAyI baMdhuoM kI hI nahIM hai, balki jinapratimAoM - jinazAstroM ke saMrakSaNa ke abhAva meM unakI saMkhyA bhI AzAtIta ghaTI hai| Aja bhI

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... haz2AroM tIrthaMkara-pratimAeM cunnI pahanAkara anya dharmI laukika devI-devatAoM ke rupa meM pUjI jA rahI hai| Aja bhI saiMkar3oM jaina tIrtha apanI vAstavika pahacAna khokara mithyAtva ke kendra bane hue haiN| Aja bhI lAkhoM jaina zAstragraMtha vibhinna kono meM paDe hokara dImakoM kA bhojana bana rahe haiM / jimmedAra kauna?? isakI jimmedArI Aja hama sabhI ko lenI hogI / varSo-varSoM pUrva hamAre pUrvajoM ko kisa prakAra ke dveSa kA, AkramaNa kA sAmanA karanA par3A hogA, kahanA ruThina haiM / lekina nizcita hI bahuta bhayaMkara paristhitiyA~ rahI hoNgii| vartamAna meM jo-jitanA hameM milA hai, usase santoSa nahIM karanA hai kintu jaina dharma ke gaurava ko punaH vizva vyApaka banAne kA saMkalpa lenA bhaviSya nirmANa hetu jainatva jAgaraNa ke patha para / - hamAre parama ArAdhya tIrthaMkara bhagavaMta 'savi jIva karU~ zAsana rasI' rupI svapara kalyANa kI parama maMgala-paramotkRSTa bhAvanA bhAte haiM / jainatva jAgaraNa kA mUla AdhAra bhI yahI haiM / yathA - kisa prakAra meM apanA pratyeka zvAsa jinadharma-jina-zAsana ko samarpita kara sakU~? kisa prakAra meM jinAjJA kI ArAdhanA kara svayaM ke jIvana ko Atmonnati ke patha para lA sakU~ ? kisa prakAra meM eka-eka vyakti ko prabhu ke isa zAsana se jor3a sakU~? apanA cintana-manana tathA UrjA-zakti ko isI ucca dizA meM lagAkara jainadharma kA gaurava punaH sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai / jinazAsana ke satat vistAra meM anekoM AcArya, sAdhu-sAdhvI jI maMDala bhinna-2 kSetroM meM kAryarat haiN| vigata varSoM meM jainatva jAgaraNa ke patha para cale athavA cala rahe vibhUtiyA~ anumodanIya kArya karate rahe haiM - varSoM pUrva AcArya vijayAnaMda sUri jI (AtmArAma jI)ne paMjAba meM jaina dharma kI chApa chor3I tathA vizva ke anekoM vidvAnoM ko jainadharma se paricita karAyA / sarAka Adi kSetroM meM pUrva muni prabhAkara vijaya jI ke, aba AcArya suyaza sUri jI, AcArya muktiprabha sUri jI ke vicaraNa se acchI jAgRti

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... AI haiN| AcArya indradinna sUri jI ne boDelI Adi kSetroM meM lAkhoM paramAra kSatriya jaina rupI AdivAsiyoM ko varSoM ke parizrama se punaH jaina banAyA / sAdhvI zubhodayA zrI jI Adi ne 35-35 varaSa pallIvAla kSetroM meM satat vicaraNa kara pallIvAloM ko punaH jaina dharma meM sthira kiyA / AcArya nararatna sUri jI ke sAdhvI maNDala ne gujarAta ke anekoM ajaina gAMvoM meM jaina dharma kA bIjAMkuraNa kiyA hai| digambara munirAja jJAnasAgara jI bhI sarAka kSetroM meM kAryarat haiM evaM bahuta se maMdiroM-pAThazAlAoM - jaina bhavanoM kA nirmANa karA rahe haiM / munirAja jambU vijaya jI Adi ne mahAn zrutoddhAra kara vizva-vidvAnoM meM jainadharma kI pahacAna jagAI hai / sthAnakavAsI zrI jayanta muni jI peTarabAra sthita hokara anekoM ko jaina banA rahe haiN| vIrAyatana kI candanA mAtAjI ina pichar3e kSetroM meM sAmAjika kArya kara rahI haiN| sthAnakavAsI muni ne rAjasthAna meM ahiMsAnagara gAMva vasAkara sabako jaina banAyA / zAsanaratna kumArapAla bhAI ! jaina zAsana ke eka Adarza zrAvaka ke rupa meM anekoM jainoM ko samyaktva dAna dekara punaH jainadharmI banAyA evaM zAsana ke pratyeka kArya meM avismaraNIya anumodanIya yogadAna hai| jinazAsana kI dhurA caturvidha saMgha hai| jaina dharma kA bhaviSya ujjvala se ujjvalatama ho, isI uddezya se caturvidha saMgha koAge bar3hanA hai| 'AcAryAH jinazAsanonnatikarAH" parama pUjya AcArya-guru bhagavaMtoM ke netRtva meM jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA meM hama sabhI ko jur3anA hai, hama sabhI ko yogadAna denA hai| pratyeka jaina meM jainatva kI jAgRti hI hara samasyA kA mUlabhUta samAdhAna hai|

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... prastuta pustaka: jainatva jAgaraNa ke pariprekSya meM itihAsa hamArA darpaNa hotA haiM / itihAsa hameM do prakAra kI zikSAe~ detA hai - 1. samRddha itihAsa se gauravAnvita honA - prerita honA evaM anukarama-anusaraNa yogya anumodanIya bAtoM ko grahaNa karanA / 2. itihAsa ko badala dene vAlI galatiyoM ko punaH na doharAne kI pratijJA lenA / prastuta ko pustaka AhavAna haiM una sabhI zAsanapremiyoM ko, jo itihAsa evaM vartamAna ke bala para bhaviSya kI dizA nirdhArita karane meM ciMtanazIla-mananazIla haiM / prastuta kRti AhvAna hai una sabhI dharmapremiyoM ko jo jaina dharma ke gauravazAlI itihAsa ke hasa kA paThana kara jainatva kI jAgRti karane ke icchuka haiM / yaha pustaka do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita haiM - * prathama khaNDa - jaina dharma kI vizvavyApakatA prAcIna samaya meM svataMtra jaina dharma vizvabhara meM vikhyAta thaa| jaina tIrthaMkara vividha rUpoM prAcIna samaya meM svataMtra jaina dharma vizvabhara meM vikhyAta thA / jaina tIrthaMkara vividha rupoM meM Aja bhI anekoM saMskRtiyoM-dharmoM meM upAsya haiM / vizva kI samUcI sabhyatAoM kA Adidharma tIrthaMkara praNIta jaina dharma hI rahA hai, jisakA anusaMdhAna prastuta khaMDa meM kiyA gayA hai / * dvitIya khaNDa - sarAka saMskRti : eka anuzIlana kisI samaya jaina dharma ke anuyAyI rahe jaina bhAvaka (sarAka) kintu samaya kI AdhI se apanI mUla pahacAna kho cuke hai / bhArata ke pUrvottara rAjyoM meM base the sarAka saMskRta evaM sarAka bhAI eka jIvanta udAharaNa haiM jaina samAja ke eka unnata varga ke hasa kA / purAtAtvika sAkSya bhI jaina dharma ke gauravamayI itihAsa kI gavAhI dete haiN| prastuta khaNDa meM sarAka saMskRti kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kiyA hai| - paM. puMDarikaratnavijaya gaNi.

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8 jainatva jAgaraNa..... // OM hrI~ zrI~ zrI jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha rakSAM kuru kuru svAhA || 2. saMpAdaka kI ora se..... itihAsa gavAha hai ki hajAro varSa pUrva karoDo zrAvakoM kI AbAdI vAlA jainazAsana Aja anya dharmiyoM ke AkramaNa se alpasaMkhyaka bana gayA hai / Aja sarakArI aMko ke anusAra jaina mAtra 35 lAkha bace hai / vidharmI logoM ne jaina zAsana ko, asaMkhya jinamaMdiro ko evaM asaMkhya jinabiMbo ko bhArI mAtrA meM nukasAna pahu~cAyA / are ! allAudIna khIlajI kI senA ne to 6 mahIne taka apane graMtha bhaMDAroM se se mile graMtho ko jalAkara tApaNA kiyA / dakSiNa meM asaMkhya jaina sAdhu-sAdhvIo kI jindA jalA diyA gayA / are ! jagannAthapurI jo jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha kA mUla sthAna thA vahA~ jaba jaina zrAvako ne apanA mandira bacAne kI koziza kI sabakA galA kATa diyA gayA / lAkho baccoM ko jindA jalA diyA gayA aurato para atyAcAra hone lagA / usI samaya ina amAnavIya atyAcAroM se apane prANoM kI va apane jainazAsana kI rakSA ke lie kaI jainudharmI bhAI-bahanoM ne nagaraM choDA, kaI ne apanA balidAna diyA, kaI logane dharma parivartana kA zaraNa svIkAra kara liyA / kyoM ? majabUrI thI unakI usa samaya jainoM kA katleAma ho rahA thA / o jaina dharma ke logo, z2arA A~kha meM bhara lo pAnI jo zahIda hue hai unakI, jarA yAda karako kurbAnI.... aise hI dharmaparivartana hue apane bhAIoM kI jAnakArI aura vicAra hamAre mana meM honA hI cAhie / dharma parivartita jainoM meM (1) pallIvAla jaina : pradeza rAjasthAna, uttarAMcala, madhyapradeza, hariyANA, paMjAba, dillI Adi.

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... kula saMkhyA - 5 lAkha mUla deza - pAlI se nikale jaina pAlIvAla kahalAne lage. Aja kA samaya - Aja kaI pAlIvAlo ne phira se jaina dharma meM praveza kara liyA hai / pAlIvAla kSetra meM jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI maMDala kA vicaraNa Avazyaka hai| kyoMki ina bhAioM meM abhI bhI dharma ke prati ajJAnatA va asamaMjhasatA khUba hai| dharma karane kI ruci bhI bahuta kama hai| lekina agara jAgaraNa kiyA jAe to jAgRti A sakatI hai| 50% loga abhI bhI anyadharmI hai / unako phira se jaina dharmI banAnA cAhie / (2) agravAla jaina : pradeza : madhyapradeza - uttarapradeza - dillI - paMjAba rAjasthAna Adi saMkhyA 50 lAkha . . agravAla jaina - ghaTatI AbAdI prAcIna kAla meM bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt usI paraMparA meM lohAcArya hue hai / unhoMne apane puruSArtha ke bala para mathurA se paMjAba prAMta taka phailI agravAla samAja ko jaina dharma meM punardIkSita kiyA thA / usake pazcAt agravAla jainoM ne pUre bhArata meM hI nahI balki vizva stara taka jaina dharma kI patAkA ko phaharAyA / 11vIM zatAbdI meM pUranamala jI dvArA zikhara jI kI yAtrA saMgha nikAlane kA ullekha tathA 13vIM zatAbdI meM pArzvanAtha jinAlaya maharaulI yoganIpura meM aneka zAstroM kI racanA karavAne vAle laTTala zAha kA ullekha vizeSa taura para jAnA jAtA hai / mugaloM ke AtaMka kA ina jainoM ne kar3A mukAbalA kiyA / paraMtu 18vIM zatAbdI ke bAda jaba hama itihAsa para najara DAlate haiM to dekhate haiM ki tejI se yaha samAja vaiSNava dharma kI tarapha jhuka gayA tathA Aja agravAla jaina mukhyadhArA se haTakara anya dharmoM kI tarapha jA rahe haiN| pa. baMgAla, jhArakhaMDa Adi pradezoM meM sarAvagI baMdha (agravAla jaina) jinake pUrvajoM ne rAjasthAna se jAkara vahA~ vyApAra phailAyA tathA maMdira banavAe, ve sabhI Aja jaina paraMparA se haTakara anya mata kI tarapha jhuka gae haiN| raghunAthapura Adi choTe-choTe kasboM meM rahane vAle sabhI sarAvagI Aja jaina dharma kA

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... pAlana nahIM karate haiN| isI prakAra paMjAba, hariyANA, jammU kazmIra, himAcala pradeza meM bhI yahI sthiti dekhane ko mila rahI hai / jainoM kI 84 jAtiyA~ mukhya rUpa se zAstroM meM ullikhita haiM jisameM agravAla jAti pakke taura para jaina dharma ko mAnane vAlI batAI hai lekina Aja yaha samAja tejI se ajaina varga meM sammilita hotA jA rahA hai / kahIM aisA to nahIM ki agravAla samAja kI yahI dazA ho jAe isalie merA anurodha hai ki samaya rahate hameM isa para gaMbhIratA se dhyAna denA cAhie ki sabhI jaina jAtiyA~ saMgaThita hoM aura uttara bhArata kI vaizya siramaura jAti agravAla pUrI taraha se apane pUrvajoM ke dharma ko aMgIkAra kare, aisI rUparekhA samAja meM bane / 10 (3) jayasvAla jaina pradeza : pUre uttara hindustAna meM bikhare hai kula saMkhyA : 3 lAkha se upara mUla deza : jayapura (jayarAja purI) se nikale A. jinacaMdra sUri dvArA pratibodhita loga jayasvAla kahalAe / Aja : jayasvAla samAja Aja jaina nahIM hai pUrNata: vaiSNava dharmI hai / va inako vApisa jaina banAMnA khAne kA khela nahIM hai / prayatnakiyA jA sakatA hai (4) khaMDeravAla jaina pradeza : rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza, dillI. mUla deza : khaMDerAjapura ( Aja kA sAMDerAva) se nikale va A. jinapati sUri dvArA pratibodhita loga khaMDeravAla hai / jaina. saMkhyA 20 hajAra, sthiti Aja kaI jaina hai / (5) lIMgAyata jaina kSetra : dakSiNa bhArata / saMkhyA 5 karoDa se jyAdA. mUla sthAna : dakSiNa laMkA se nikale A. bhadrabAhu dvArA pratibodhita Aja : vahIM saba jAnate hai kI hama jaina hai / dakSiNa meM anyalIMgI

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 11 ne lAkhoM jaina sAdhuoM ko jalA diyA thA / va lAkhoM sAdhvI maMDala ko be-rahemI se galA kATakara mAra diyA thaa| sAdhvI maNDala para bahuta atyAcAra guz2arane lage taba kaI sAdhvI gaNa, zrAvaka - zrAvikA gaNane anya dharma kA zaraNa le liyA / Aja ye loga saMpUrNa zAkAhArI hai / jIvadayA inakA mukhya uddezya hai| prAcInalipi ke jAnakAra hai / zuddha zrAvaka kI taraha jIvana jAte hai phira bhI jaina nahIM hai / Aja jainatva jAgaraNa karane se jAgRti A sakatI hai| sAdhu-sAdhvI maNDala kA Aja vicaraNa Avazyaka hai| Aja gujarAta, pAlItANA, muMbaI, mahArASTra, rAjasthAna choDakara ina rAjyoM meM hamArA vicaraNa ati Avazyaka hai| isake Age jaba muslimoM ne AkramaNa kiyA taba bahuta se jaina muslima dharma meM parivartita ho gae jo Aja bahorA Adi ke nAma se jAne jAte hai tibbata, myAnamAra, thAilenDa, viyetanAma, Adi dezoM meM bauddhoM ne jora jabaradastI aneka jainoM ko bauddha dharmI banA diyA, Aja bhI vahA~ ke kaI jaina mandira, bauddha mandira ke rupa meM pUje-jAne jAte hai| suprasiddha bauddha mandiroM ko dekhane se yaha saca mAlUma paDegA / aba isakA koI upAya nahIM hai| . (6) sarAka jaina : Aja isa graMtha meM hameM ina bhAiyoM ke bAre meM carcA karanI hai| kSetra : uttara-pUrva bhArata, baMgalAdeza, myAnamAra (barmA) sikkima, bhUTAna tibbata Adi dezo meM. AbAdI : 55 lAkha se jyAdA. Aja : Aja ina bhAIoM ko patA cala rahA hai kI hama vAstava meM jaina hI theM / isa kSetra meM asaMkhya jaina mandira ke dhvaMsa avazeSa pAe jAte haiM / vartamAna me sarAka kSetro meM karIba 20 jaina nae mandira bana cuke hai| sarAka jAti ke gotroM kA nAma bhI RSabhadeva gotra, Adideva, vardhamAnadeva, dharmadeva, zAnti Adi cobIsa tIrthaMkara ke nAmoM ke anurupa hai / kaI sarAka

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 12 bhAio~ ke ghara meM gotradeva ke rupa meM prabhu pratimAjI pAe jAte hai | ahiMsaka hamAre bhAi mAro-kATo aise zabda bhI nahIM bolate / mAMsabhakSaNa yahA~ kA mukhya khurAka hote hue bhI yaha hamAre bhAI mAMsAhAra nahIM karate / ina logo ko rAtribhojana va kaMdamUla kA tyAga hai / hamAre tAraka tIrtho kI mahimA hRdaya meM svIkArate hai / prabhuvIra kA nirvANa kalyANaka asAdhAraNa tarIke se manAte haiM / aMtarAya dharma kA pAlana karate hai / basa mAtra hamArI taraha deva - gurudharma kA avalaMbana nahIM pA sake / samaya kI pukAra hai ki samyaktva se vimukha ho cuke apane ina bhAIbandhuoM ko punaH samyaktva mArga kI ora agrasara kiyA jAe / vikRta itihAsa ke kAraNa anya dharmoM meM jA mile jaina jAtiyoM ko phira se unako Adidharma arthAt jainadharma kI mukhya dhArA meM jor3A jAe / samaya hai aMdhakAra ko ccIrate aruNodaya kA / samaya hai jinazAsana ke navala sUryodaya kA / samaya hai sAdhutva zrAvakatva ke ghaMTanAda kA / samaya hai jainatva jAgaraNa ke zaMkhanAdakA / bhUSaNa zAha

Page #15
jainatva jAgaraNa.... 3. AzA kI eka kiraNa Aja hama saba apane - apane kAryakSetra - paMtha - samudAya - projekTa - bhaktagaNa taka sImita hai / maiM cAhatA hU~ hama saba sAtha milakara caurAhe para khaDe hoM aura dharma pracAra kareM / jaina dharma - vizvadharma bane / aba samaya A cukA hai kI jaina dharma ke vinAza ko aTakAne ke lie, evaM cAro tarapha se A rahI ApadAoM kA nAza karane hetu hama saba ekajuTa hoM / saba sAtha milakara cintana kareM / Aja hamAre meM hI kaI jaina ajaina jaise bana gae hai| kaI kSetroM meM sAdhu-sAdhvIjI bha. kA vicaraNa nahIM hai / hara eka jaina kaTTara jaina bane / dharma kA AcaraNa kaTTara rupa se kare / apane dharma ke prati vaphAdAra ho, yahI merI hArdika tamannA hai / lAkhoM musIbate hamAre dharma ke sAmane hai| hame apane dharma ko isase bacAnA hai| dharmarakSA sabase baDA dharma hai / mAtra mAlA yA kitAbe lekara va pravacana sunane se aba kucha nahIM hone vAlA, aba bAhara Ao, Age baDhoM, jainazAsana kA ujjvala bhAvIprakAza ApakI rAha dekha rahA hai / zAsana rakSava zAsana kI prabhAvanA ke lakSya se hI maine yaha pustaka likhI hai / isa viSaya meM mujhe joDane vAle A.bha. rAjazekhara sUrijI va. unake samartha ziSyagaNa paM. rAjapadma ratna - haMsavijayajI ma.sA. ko maiM sadA vandanA karatA hU~ / evaM isa kArya meM mujhe z2yAdA preraNA-jJAna denevAle pa.pU. A.bha. kItiyaza sUrijI ma.sA. pU. A. harSavardhana sUrijI ma, pa.pU. mu. vivekayaza vijayajI ma. kA maiM RNI huuN| isa pustaka meM jinakA sahayoga milA hai ve.-zrImati latAbena botharA, zrI hIrAlAla duggar3a, zrI prabodhacaMdasena Adi kA maiM AbhArI huuN| vividha lekhakoM nAmI-anAmI saMsthAoM jinake prakAzita sAhitya meM se kai cIje lI gaI hai una sabakA maiM AbhArI huuN| mere paramagurudeva pa.pU. munivarya tIrthanaMdana vijayajI mahArAja mere Upara sadA AzIrvAda barasAyeM / mere mAtA mere pitA jinakI chatrachAyoM meM saba dharmakArya ho rahe hai unako sadA morI vaMdanA / bhAI herata va bhAI AkAza, basa jinake nAma se hI mere saba kAma pUrNa ho rahe hai|

Page #16
14 jainatva jAgaraNa..... merA yaha prayatna jo jaina dharma kI vijayapatAkA ko phailAne vAlA hai yaha A. bha. duppasaha sUrijI ho, taba taka amara bane / jaina zAsana jayavaMta bane / jaina zAsana kI jaya ho... vijaya ho / jaina zAsana meM ekatA baje... saba loga eka ho... vizva meM zAsana ke nAda gUMjate rahe bhavya jIvo kA kalyANa ho... maMgala ho usI zubha bhAvanA ke sAtha... jinAjJA viruddha kucha bhI likhA gayA ho to bAra-bAra micchAmi dukkar3am - herata pramodabhAi EN SSSS... SN PATAAS .

Page #17
jainatva jAgaraNa...... hRdaya kI abhilASA "jainaM jayati zAsanam' 'anyathA zaraNaM nAsti"... hamAre jaina dharma ko mAnane vAle vItarAga ke mandiroM se anyatra na jAe Aja kaIoMne bhagavAna ke mandiro meM na jA kara anyatra zaraNa lI hai| dhIre-dhIre jaina dharma lupta ho rahA hai / karor3oM se lAkho meM A gae hai hama | jaina dharmI itanA khyAla rakheM... ||| | 44 - jaina dharmI mahAjana hai| apanA choTA bhI vyApAra honA caahie| naukarIJob Adi jaina dharmI kI zobhA nahIM hai / - apane vyApAra meM jaina dharmI ko hI rakheM va jaina dharmI anya sAdharmika ko Age bar3hAne kA kArya kareM / - baDe baDe zaharo kA moha choDakara apane nija mAtRbhUmi meM rheN| apane mUla mAtRbhUmi meM apanA makAna avazya rkheN| jaba ApattI AegI bahuta kAma AegA / anya deva-devI, anya mandira, anya jyotiSa vagaireha / pitR arpaNa vagairaha jaina dharma me nahIM hai / | 11 anya dharma meM vivAha (zAdI) nA kareM / mAMsAhAra se va mAMsAhAriyoM se dUra raheM / apane zira para eka jaina guru rakheM mandira jAe~, kaMdamUlAdi kA tyAga kareM va rAtribhojana na kare / bhArata dez choDakara nA jAe~ / kyoMki dekhane meM foreign zabda acchA hai lekina vAstava meM khataranAka hai / 15 . ho sake utanA sAdhu-sAdhvIjI ke paricaya meM rahe / unakI sevA bhakti kareM / - dIna meM kama se kama 1 ghaMTA jaina dharma ke lIe nIkAle / - bhUSaNa zAha

Page #18
16 4. jAgo re jaina saMgha ! jainatva jAgaraNa.... sAdhu-sAdhvI-zrAvaka-zrAvikA, saba jinazAsana ke aMga / samaya AyA aba jainatva jAgaraNa kA jAgo re jaina saMgha // prabhu ke isa zAsana meM samyaktva dAna mahAdAna kahA gayA hai / sarAka jAti hamAre lie sAdharmika baMdhuvat hai / unheM puna: jaina dharma kI smRti karAke jaina dharma meM sthira karane se na kevala jinazAsana kA vistAra hogA, balki sarAka bhAI samyaktva ke patha para Ae~ge tathA jainadharma punaH gauravapUrNa sthiti para Arur3ha hogaa| sarAka jAti ke punaruddhAra kA kArya kaThina hai, kintu asaMbhava nahIM hai| tIrthaMkaroM va pUrvAcAryo kI sAkSI se aba hama sabhI ko eka yojanAbaddha tarIke se Age bar3hanA hai / jaba isI maMgala bhAvanAoM ke sAtha hama sabhI jainatva jAgaraNa ke patha para bar3heMge taba nizcita hI daivIya zaktiyA~ isa anupama kArya meM sahayoga kareMgI evaM eka nae svarNayuga kA adhyAya prArambha hogA jo Age Ane vAlI pIr3hI ke lie preraNA strota banegA / yaha samaya kI pukAra hai ki jaina saMgha kA pratyeka vyakti isa dizA meM eka kadama baDhAe tAki saMyukta rupa se hama lAkhoM kadama Age bar3heM / AcAryAdi padastha - apadastha sAdhu-sAdhvI vRMda se nivedana eka AcArya ko 15-20 sarAka kSetroM kA kAryabhAra soMpA jAe evaM ve apane AjJAnuvartI sAdhu-sAdhvI jI ko isa kSetra meM vicaraNa hetu bhejeN| bhale cAturmAsa sammeda zikhara, pAvApurI, kalakattA, paTanA, rAjagIra, dhanabAda, kaTaka, sarakelA, bhuvanezvara jarIyA Adi bar3e kSetra meM ho, kintu zeSakAla (8 mahIne) kA sampUrNa vicaraNa sarAka kSetroM meM ho /

Page #19
jainatva jAgaraNa....... 17 sarAka kSetroM meM anekoM pratimAe~ prApta hotI hai / sarAka bhAI ko jainadharma meM sthira karake unheM jJAna pradAna kiyA jAe evaM pratyeka kSetra meM jinamaMdira kI pratiSThA kI jA sakatI hai / guru bhagavantoM kI nizrA meM sarAka kSetroM se sarAka bhAIyo kA sammeda zikhara jI, Adi taka kI yAtrA / charI pAlita saMgha nikAlA jA sakatA hai jo nizcita unameM jainatva kA bIjAkuraNa karegA / * yahA~ dharma kama hote hue bhI 20 loga yahA~ se dIkSita haiN| sAdhu-sAdhvIjI kI pratibodha kuzalatA se pratyeka kSetra meM sarAkoM ko dIkSA ke lie bhI prerita kiyA jA sakatA hai / phalasvarupa, baMdhuoM ko jaina zramaNa ke rupa meM dekha sampUrNa kSetra ke loga jaina dharma meM anurakta hoMge / sarAka bhAIyoM meM jainatva jAgaraNa hetu guru bhagavaMta davArA racita, sampAdita, prakAzita sAhitya (vizeSakara sarAkoM kI mAtRbhASA meM) pracArita karanA cAhie / AcArya bhagavanta kuzala prazikSaNa dvArA dharmapracAraka maNDala taiyAra kara ina kSetroM meM bheje jA sakate haiN| zivira, pAThazAlA, upadhAna Adi ke dvArA sarAka baMdhuoM ke punaH zrAvaka banAyA jA sakatA hai / deva-guru- dharmopAsaka zrAvaka-zrAvikA gaNa se nivedana sammeda zikhara Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrArtha padhArane vAle zrAvaka-zrAvikA gaNa sarAka kSetra meM nirmita jinamaMdiroM ke darzanArtha eva yahA~ yatra-tatra jaina dharma ke purAtAttvika avazeSoM ke avalokana karane padhAreM, nayA anubhava milegA / koI vizeSa udyoga-vyApAra ke mAlika hoM, to apane udyoga Adi meM sarAka jAti ko jor3e evaM apane vyApAra meM unakA bhAga rakheM / kisI kA holasela Adi kA vyApAra hI, prabhu phoTo, vagairaha dekara sAdharmika bhakti kA lAbha le evaM svayaM ina saba vastuoM dhArmika upakaraNa

Page #20
18 jainatva jAgaraNa....... ko vitarita kareM tathA jainatva para bala deM / dAna kA pravAha isa orabhI dauDAyeM / yahA~ kAryarat guru bhagavaMto, TrasToM Adi ko yathAzakti sahayoga kI bhAvanA rakheM 'evaM sadaiva anumodanA karake zAsana samarpita vibhUtiyoM kA manobala bar3hAe~ / darzana - jJAna - cAritrArAdhaka TrasToM-saMghoM se nivedana dharmapracArakoM kI vizAla TIma banAI jAnI caahie| jisa prakAra terApaMtha jaino meM samaNa - samaNIrupa dharmapracAra TIma hai, vaise hI zvetAmbara - digambara donoM meM dharmapracAraka pariSada honA caahie| jaise aneka yuvA paryuSaNa karAne bhAratabhara meM jAte haiM, vaise hI eka vyavasthA ke anurupa sarAka gA~voM meM bhI dharmapracArakoM niyata DresakoDa se padhAranA cAhie / eka samartha saMgha eka sarAka gA~va dattaka (goda) le tathA AcArya bhagavaMta ke mArgadarzana se eka maMdira devadravya se banAyA jAe / itihAsavida zrAvakoM ko sAtha lekara ina kSetroM kI purAtAttvika zodha evaM vahA~ ke purAtAttvika vibhAga sarakAra Adi se niyata saMparka meM rahane ke lie choTI TIma taiyAra kI jA sakatI hai / jahA~ jahA~ tIrthoM meM, maMdiroM meM, jaina bhavanoM meM karmacArI / kAryakarttAoM kI AvazyakatA ho, to prathama rupa se sarAMka bhAIyoM ko hI bulAyA jAe tAki ve evaM unakA parivAra jaina dharma se jur3e / sthAnIya bhASAoM maM patra-patrikAe~ Adi kA prakAzana evaM sarAka bhAIyoM ke madhya meM pracAra kiyA jA sakatA hai jisase ina bhAIyoM ko apanI vAstavika pahacAna patA cale / pAThazAlAoM kA saMsthApana - saMcAlana, gurudevoM kI vihAra meM sahayoga ityAdi // samAja ke prabuddha vicArakoM ke pAsa isI prakAra ke anekoM sujhAva

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 19 haiM kintu AvazyakatA hai unake kriyAnvaNa kI / aba hameM pramAda nahIM karanA hai - Age baDhate jAnA hai| abhI nahIM, to kabhI nahIM / Apa apane 25 lAkha se bhI adhika jainatva bhUla cuke bhAIyoM-bahanoM ke jaina dharma meM punaH praveza ke aitihAsika prasaMga ke sAkSI banoge / calo apane khoe hue bhAIyo ko apane AMgaNa meM vApasa lAne kA prayatna kare / binA paMthabheda binA lAlaca binA ummIda binA nAma vIra putroM / uTho, aba cala paDo... - hImAMzu jaina

Page #22
jainatva jAgaraNa....... // OM hrIM zrIM zrI jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha rakSAM kuru kuru svAhA // 5. jaina dharma kI vizva vyApakatA jaina dharma eka svataMtra dharma hai / vaha kisI se nikalA huA paMtha nahIM hai apitu vizva ke sabhI dharmoM kA mUla strota hai / loga bhrAntivaza jise hindu dharma ke nAma se jAnate - pahacAnate haiM, vaha vastutaH vaidika dharma hai / hindu dharma nAmaka koI bhI dharma isa vizva meM hai nahIM kyoMki hindu eka saMskRti hai, sabhyatA hai| hindustAna kI bhUmi meM basa rahe sabhI vaiSNaka, sIkha, jaina Adi hindutva sabhyatA ke aMga hai / jaina dharma tathA vaidika dharma meM mUla tattvoM kA bheda hai / jainadharma vaidika dharma nahIM hai, isa nimnalikhita bheda draSTatya I hai / 20 1. 3. 4. yaha kucha taphAvateM jisase patA cale jainadharma vaidika dharma nahIM hai / jaina dharma vaidika dharma bhagavAna ke avatAra kI mAnyatA bhagavAna ko khuzI bhI hotI bhI hotA hai / dukha prabhu ko car3hAyA huA bhoga prasAda ke rUpa meM khA sakate ho / jagat ko calAnevAle va . banAne vAle bhagavAn hai I sabhI bhagavAna kI strI hai / rAma-sItA, ziva-pArvatI, 1. bhagavAna kabhI avatAra nahIM lete ve siddhazilA para virAjate hai / bhagavAna kabhI bhI khuza - nAkhuza nahIM hote hai / ve to vItarAgI hai| prabhu ko car3hAyA huA bhoga kabhI bhI hama nahIM khA sakate. 2. 3. jagat sahaja rIta se thA, hai aura rahegA / bhagavAna nahIM calA va banA sa tIrthaMkara kabhI strI nahIM rakhate / strI rAga kA kAraNa hai aura

Page #23
jainatva jAgaraNa...... 6. 7. 8. rAdhA-kRSNa vagairaha prabhu akele hone se thaka gae isalie unhoMne pRthvI kA sarjana kiyA / hai / upavAsa meM phalAhAra vaM AlU AhAra hotA hai / bar3e RSi patnIdhArI hote hai jaise kI pRthvI svayaM saMcAlita hai / brahmA-viSNu-maheza jagata kI 7. jo pAlana - saMhAra karate hai ve racanA - pAlana va saMhAra kabhI bhagavAna nahI ho sakate / kyoMki prabhu vItarAgI hai / 8. upavAsa meM sirpha pakkA pAnI pI sakate hai, vo bhI kucha - 6. atri anasuyA, kAzyapa aditI, vasiSTha - arundhati Adi 10. menakA dvArA patita vizvamitra jaise RSi ke rupa meM cala hai / 11. RSi bacce ke lie tapa Adi karate hai 21 jaina dharma rAgI - deva nahIM mAnatA. prabhu kabhI akele the hI nahIM / akele the to ve kahA~ se Ae ? samaya taka. 9. jaina dharma meM patnI ho to RSi (muni) banane se pahale hI tyAga karanA par3atA hai| 10. eka bAra patita ko ghara vApasa bheja dete hai / 19. RSi ko patnI hI nahIM honI cAhie to bacce kI bhalA kyA kalpanA. 13. bAlaka ke saMbhavita mRtyu se RSi Darate the / 12. rAjA Izvara kA aMga hotA hai| 12. rAjA eka sAmAnya mAnavI hI hai / 13. yaha ArtadhyAna hai, sAdhu ko bahu prAyazcita milatA hai / 14. jaina dharmAnusAra gAya sirpha catuSpada prANI hai / 14. hindu dharma ke anusAra gAya mAtA hai| 15. gAya kI pUMcha meM teMtIsa 15. viSTA Adi khAne vAle prANI ke

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22 16. karor3a devoM kA vAsa hai / akAla maraNa pAne vAle vyakti ko vidhi karake mokSa meM pahuMcA sakate hai / 17. zrAddha karanA cAhie / 18. hindudharma meM pitR logoM ko parezAna kara sakate hai 19. paMca mahAbhUto ko mAnate hai / 22. varNa vyavasthA svIkRta hai 23. zudra (dalita) sAdhu nahIM ho sakatA / 24. rAma bhagavAna hai / 25. kRSNa kI strI saMbaMdhI pravRtti eka lIlA hai / 26. karma kI vyAkhyA alaga alaga hai / 27. bhagavAna yuddha kI preraNA kara sakate haiM / 28. bakaroM - ghoDA Adi ke homa se mokSa milatA hai / jainatva jAgaraNa...... koI aMga meM devoM kA vAsa bhalA kaise ho sakatA hai ? 16. jaina dharma ke anusAra yaha mahAmithyAtva hai / 20. vedo meM hiMsA kA samarthana hai / 20. 21. sAdhu zApa de sakate haiM ( mithyAtva = galata samajanA) esA karane se khuda ko tarka milatI hai| 17. zrAddha kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatA / 18. jaina dharma meM pitR kA sthAna va astitva hI nahIM hai / 19. paMca mahAbhUto se dharma kA koI saMbaMndha nahIM hai / veda kabhI hiMsA karanA nahIM batAtA. 21. zApa denevAle kabhI bhI sAdhu nahIM ho sakate / 22. varNa vyavasthA asvIkRta hai / 23. sabhI sAdhu jana sakate hai metArya muni, harikezI caMDAla vagairaha. 24. rAma sirpha acche rAjA hai 1 25. yaha koI lIlA nahI balki saMsAra poSaka pravRtti hai / 26. karma kI vyAkhyA eka hai / 27. vo bhagavAna hI kyA jo yuddha kareM ! 28. homa-havana se mokSa nahIM kevala narka hI milatI hai /

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 29. azvamegha karanAra cakravartI rAjA hotA hai / 30. AlU, Adi z2amInakaMda dhArmikadRSTi se khAte hai / 31. rAtribhojana pApa nahIM hai / 32. aputrIyA ko gati nahIM hai / (aputrasya gatirnAstri) 33. zaMkara ke liMga kI pUjA hotI hai / 34. himAlaya meM devo kA vAsa . hai / 35. rAvaNa rAkSasa hai / 40. goMya kI pUMcha pakar3a ke mokSa meM jA sakate hai / 23 41. citragupta sabhI AtmAoM copaDe ke copaDe likhatA hai / 29. azvamegha karanAra mahApApa kA bhAgI banake durgati meM jAtA 1 30. AlU Adi z2amInakaMda sadA hI varjita hai / 31. rAtri bhojana mahApApa hai / 32. aputrIyA ko mokSa meM mila sakatA hai / pAtra thA / 36. nadI meM snAna karane se mokSa milatA hai / 1 37. holI viziSTa parva hai 38. rakSAbaMdhana dhArmika bhAI ke 36. nadI meM snAna karane se kevala saMsAra kI vRddhi hotI hai / 37. holI bhaTThA mahAmithyAtva hai / 38. kevala mithyAtva hai / bahana pUrA sAla bhAI ke lie zubhakAmanA karatI hai / prati bahana ke lagAva kA tyohAra hai / 39. mRtyu yamarAja ke hAtha meM hai / 39. yamarAja kA to jaino ne kabhI svapna bhI nahIM dekhA / 40. goMya kI pUMcha pakaDa ke kevala hospITala jA sakate hai / 33. mUtrAdika azuci ke utsarjana karanAra aMga kI pUjA kaise ho sakatI hai ? 34. dUsare parvato jaisA hI parvata himAlaya haiM / 35. rAvaNa manuSya thA sirpha bhUla kA 41. AtmAe~ khuda hI apane karma ke likhatI hai I

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24 42. kRSNa yuga yuga meM avatAra leMge / 43. prabhu kI icchA - kRpA aura marz2I se hI sabakucha hotA hai / saba AtmA bhagavAna ke adhIna hai / 45. vaidika dharma meM satIprathA thI aura Aja kaI jagaha para jArI hai / 46. vaidika dharma kahatA hai hAthI ke pA~va tale maranA acchA lekina jaina mandira kA Azraya lenA burA / 47. rAMdhaNa chaTTha bar3A tyohAra hai / bAsI khAne kI yaha sabase bar3I tyohAra hai / 48. saMto ke mRta zarIra ko samAdhi dI jAtI hai / agnidAha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 49. satva, rajas aura tamas tIna guNoM kI dhAraNA hai / AtmA ke caurAsI lAkha avatAra hote haiM / 44. 50. jainatva jAgaraNa...... 42. yuga yuga meM mokSa pahu~canevAle kabhI avatAra nahIM lete / 43. prabhu kabhI bhI icchA nahIM rakhate prabhu kI marjI bhI karma ke sAmane nahIM calatI / 44. saba AtmA khuda ke adhIna hai / 45. jaina dharma meM pahale se hI satI prathA nA thI na hai . aura nA hogI. 46. jaina dharma kisI kI bhI vyaktigata niMdA TIkA nahIM karatIM / 47. jaina dharma meM bAsI khAne ko mahApApa kahA gayA 48. saMto ke kAladharma pazcAta zrAvakajana unake mRtadeha ko agnisaMskAra karate haiM / 49. jaina dharma meM ye tIna guNo kI dhAraNA hai hI nahIM. 50. janma janmAMtara kI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM hotI / AtmA ke puruSArtha para AdhArita hai /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 6. jaina samAja kI ghaTatI huI janasaMkhyA - eka ciMtA kA viSaya kisI samaya jaina dharma aura jaina samAja bhArata meM pramukha jAne jAte the| janasaMkhyA ke A~kar3oM se jJAta hotA hai ki pArasI aura jainoM kI janasaMkhyA meM tejI se girAvaTa A rahI hai, jabaki anya samudAyoM kI saMkhyA meM uttarottara vRddhi ho rahI hai / akabara ke samaya meM jaina dharmAnuyAyI pAMca karor3a the, jabaki usa samaya deza kI janasaMkhyA bhI bahuta kama thI / jaina samAja kA dhyAna isa ora nahIM hai| hamArA adhikAMza dhana bhavana nirmANa, paMcakalyANaka, mUrti pratiSThA aura vidhi-vidhAna meM kharca ho rahA hai / jJAnakAMDI jaina dharmakarmakAMDI hotA jA rahA hai / mUrti aura maMdira ke sAtha pUjakoM kI saMkhyA bhI niraMtara bar3hanI cAhie, tabhI maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI abhivRddhi kI sArthakatA hai / kisI videzI vidvAna ne ghaTatI huI jaina saMkhyA para gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA aura isa niSkarSa para pahuMce ki isa dharma meM apane vyaktiyoM kA niSkAsana to hai, kiMtu dUsare mata ko mAnane vAle kA praveza nahIM hai / bhagavAna kI sabhA ko samavasaraNa kahA jAtA thA kyoMki usameM sabhI jAtiyoM kA praveza vihita thA / kAlAMtara meM rAjasattAoM ke jaina dharma se vimukha hone ke kAraNa jainoM ko dakSiNa aura pUrvI bhArata meM tejI se hAsa dekhanA par3A aura zeSa jainoM ko apanA astitva kAyama rakhanA muzkila ho gayA / baMgAla, bihAra aura ur3IsA ke mUla jainoM ko rAjanaitika viplava ke samaya sudUravartI jaMgalI ilAkoM meM apanA ghara basAne ke lie vivaza honA par3A / kAlAMtara meM ve yaha bhUla gae ki ve jaina haiM aura unake pUrvaja jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / itanA saba hone ke bAda bhI unakI jIvana-zailI meM jIvadayA, ahiMsA, zAkAhAra, zuddha khAna-pAna ke saMskAra mile rahe hai| Aja ve sarAka (zrAvaka) ke nAma se prasiddha haiM aura unakI janasaMkhyA lAkhoM meM hai| unake sthitikaraNa kI bahuta bar3I AvazyakatA hai| __hamAre sAdhuoM kA cAturmAsa prAyaH sarAka kSetroM meM nahIM hotA / grISmakAlIna avakAza meM yahA~ saMskAra ziviroM kA Ayojana honA cAhie /

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jainatva jAgaraNa.... bar3e zaharoM ke jainiyoM ko aise kucha gA~va goda lekara unake hitArtha yojanAe~ banAnI cAhie / apane vyApArika saMsthAnoM meM sarAka bhAiyoM ko sarvisa denI cAhie aura unake sAtha samatA kA vyavahAra karanA cAhie / jainoM kI kucha jAtiyA~ aisI haiM, jinameM vaiSNavoM ke sAtha paraspara roTI, beTI kA vyavahAra pracalita hai| inake gotra bhI eka se haiM / agravAla jAti aisI hI jAti hai| pahale vaiSNava agravAla jAti aisI hI jAti hai| pahale vaiSNava agravAla laDakiyA jaina parivAra meM Akara jaina dharma ko AtmasAt kara letI thIM, ataH koI vizeSa hAni nahIM hotI thI / Aja yadi koI vaiSNava agravAla putrI jaina parivAroM meM AtI hai to vaha parivAra . ke zeSa sadasyoM ko jaina dharma choDane kA upakrama karatI hai| yadi jaina patrI agravAla ghara meM jAtI hai to kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara prAyaH usakA vaiSNavIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| pariNAmataH hajAroM agravAla jaina dharma chor3a cuke hai| isa ora bhI vizeSa jAgarUkatA kI AvazyakatA hai| amerikA aura kanADA meM lagabhaga DhAI lAkha jaina haiM / inakI purAnI pIr3hI to jaina dharma meM dRr3ha thI, kiMtu naI pIr3hI zithila hotI jA rahI hai| ataH videzoM bhASA meM jaina sAhitya prakAzita karanA cAhie / vidvAnoM aura tyAgiyoM ko videza meM jAkara vahA~ ke jainoM kA sthitikaraNa karanA caahie| samAja meM yaha bhrama phailAyA jA rahA hai ki jaina dharma bhArata ke bahusaMkhyaka dharma kI eka zAkhA hai| yaha eka nirmUla aura bhrAMta dhAraNA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jaina dharma eka maulika, svataMtra tathA vizva kA prAcInatama dharma hai / hamAre deva, zAstra aura guru hiMdU dharma se pRthak haiM / hamArA sAhitya svataMtra aura maulika hai| bhArata kI prAyaH sabhI pramukha bhASAoM meM jaina sAhitya racA gayA hai| ___ajainoM ke sAtha vivAha saMbaMdha sthApita hone kA mUla kAraNa daheja prathA hai / eka kuprathA ke nirAkaraNa hetu samAja ke yuvaka jaina yuvatiyoM ko Age AnA cAhie / yadyapi hamAre samAja meM bhrUNahatyA jaisI kuprathA kA abhAva hai, kiMtu lar3akoM kI apekSA lar3akiyoM kA anupAta ghaTa rahA hai / sarvisa ko atyadhika mahatva milane ke kAraNa kucha kama zikSita yA arddhazikSita jaina lar3akoM ko suyogya kanyA nahIM mila pAne ke kAraNa dUsare dharma kI

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 27 lar3akiyoM ke sAtha vivAha kie jAne kI ghaTanAe~ dinoMdina bar3ha rahI haiM / ___ sthAnIya pAThazAlAoM kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa jaina bacce apane dharma ke viSaya meM bahuta kama jJAna rakhate haiM, ataH jaina pAThazAlAe~ sthApita karane kI prathA ko punarjIvita karanA zreyaskara hai| jaina bacce apanI par3hAI ko sucAru rUpa se calAne kelie sudUravartI zaharoM meM cale jAte haiM / vahA~ chAtrAvAsoM meM sabhI prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa karane vAle baccoM ke bIca rahane ke kAraNa unake saMskAra gar3abar3a ho jAte haiM / ataH isa prakAra ke zikSA keMdroM ke samIpa jaina chAtrAvAsoM ke nirmANa kI vRhat yojanA banAnI caahie| jainettara samAja meM jaina dharma ko lokapriya banAne hetu janakalyANakArI yojanAe~ banAkara dUsaroM kA hRdaya jItane ke uddezya se jainoM ko Age AnA cAhie / dharmanetAoM ko isa viSaya meM gaMbhIra ciMtana karanA cAhie / jaina samAja alpasaMkhyaka haiM, kiMtu bhArata sarakAra yA prAdezika sarakAreM alpasaMkhyakoM ko jo suvidhAe~ pradAna kara rahI haiM, usakA zatAMza bhI jainoM ko upalabdha nahIM hai, na hI ve isa viSaya meM koI prayatna karate haiN| adhikAMza alpasaMkhyaka kAryAlayoM ke karmacAriyoM ko yaha jJAta hI nahIM hai ki jaina bhI alpasaMkhyaka haiM / jaina samAja jaba bhArata sarakAra ko prabhUta mAtrA meM inakama Taiksa Adi detA hai to vahI samAja alpasaMkhyakoM ko prApta hone vAlI suvidhAoM kA hakadAra kyoM nahIM hai? asalI kAraNa yaha hai ki hama apane adhikAroM ke prati jAgarUka nahIM haiM / mahArASTra Adi rAjyoM meM kucha jAtiyA~ aisI haiM, jo pahale jaina thIM, aba unhoMne jaina dharma chor3a diyA hai yA jainoM ne unheM apanI samAja se bAhya kara diyA hai| aisI jAtiyoM ko punaH jaina dharma ke mArga para calakara samAja kI mUladhArA meM lAnA cAhie / maMdiroM aura sAmAjika saMsthAoM meM jaina karmacAriyoM kI niyukti honI cAhie / prati saptAha eka aisA dina avazya nizcita honA cAhie jisameM sAmUhika pUjana pATha, pravacana Adi hoM aura usameM pUre samAja kI bhAgIdArI ho tathA madyapAna, sAmUhika rAtribhoja, rAtri meM vivAha jaise pravRttiyoM para roka lagAI jAe /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 7. saMskRti kA srota nirantara viSaya bhogoM kI abhilASA karane ke kAraNa apane vAstavika preya se cirakAla taka bezuddha hue logoM ko jinhoMne karuNAvaza nirbhaya Atmaloka kA upadeza diyA aura jo svayaM nirantara anubhava hone vAle Atma svarupa kI prApti ke kAraNa saba prakAra kI tRSNAoM se mukta the, una bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko namaskAra hai| jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva (AdinAtha) vizva kI sabhI saMskRtiyoM dvArA mAnya tathA kisI na kisI rUpa meM upAsya hai| jaina darzana meM 24 tIrthaMkara haiM jinake paMca kalyANakoM ko tIrtha sthAna mAnA jAtA hai vizeSakara janmasthala aura nirvANa sthala para bar3e bar3e vizAla stUpoM caityoM Adi kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai| svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI bhI mAnate haiM ki maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa sabase pahale jainiyoM ne prArambha kiyA thA / bhAratavarSa meM Aja jitane bhI bar3e bar3e jaina tathA jainetara tIrtha haiM jaise badrInAtha, kedAranAtha, amaranAtha, tirUpati, ur3IsA ke jagannAtha saba arhata saMskRti ke pratIka haiM / aitihAsika avalokana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ye tIrthaMkara sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA kisI na kisI rUpa se pUje jAte haiN| isakA sabase mahatvapUrNapramANa bauddhoM dvArA arhat tIrthaMkaroM ko buddha ke rUpa meM pUjA jAtA hai / sAranAtha sAMcI Adi ke stUpa jaina hote hue bhI bauddha paramparA meM bhI mAnya hai / isI zreNI meM kailAza parvata kA vivaraNa AtA hai / jo prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA nirvANa sthala hai / jahA~ kI yAtrA hara varSa anekoM yAtrI karate haiM / yaha kSetra ziva ke nAma se bhI jur3A huA hai| tibbatI bhASA meM ziva kA artha mukta hotA hai| isalie bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko purANoM meM ziva ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA hai / kailAza parvate ramye vRSabhoM yaM jinezvara cakAra svAratAraM yaH sarvajJa sarvagaH zivaH / (skandhapurANa kaumArakhaM a0 37)

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... kevalajJAna dvArA sarvavyApI sarvajJAtA paramakalyANa rUpa ziva vRSabha RSabhadeva jinezvara manohara kailAza aSTApada parvata para padhAre / tibbatI bhASA meM liMga kA artha kSetra hotA hai / 29 It may be mentioned that linga is a Tibetan word of land (S.K. Roy Historic Indian Ancient egypt, Pg. 28). 1 tibbatI loga isa parvata ko pavitra mAnakara ati zraddhA ke sAtha pUjA karate haiM tathA ise buddha kA nirvANa kSetra kAgarika pauMca kahate haiM / yahA~ buddha kA artha arhat se hai jo buddha arthAt jJAnI the / zrI RSabhadeva ne mAgha kRSNA trayodazI kI rAtri ko kailAza parvata para nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / Aja bhI isI rAtri ko prabhu RSabhadeva ke nirvANa kalyANaka kI pUjA ke pratIka ke rUpa meM mahAzivarAtri kA parva manAyA jAtA hai / zivaliMga kA artha mukta kSetra arthAt mokSa kSetra hotA hai| ziva bhakta liMga pUjA karate haiM jo prAcInakAla meM bhI pracalita thA / In fact shiva and the worship of linga and other features of Popular Hinduism were well established in India long before the Aryans came (K.M. Pannekar A survey of Indian History, Pg. 4) bAda meM tAMtrikoM ne isakA artha ziva RSabha ke caritra arhata dharma ke viparIta banAkara vikRta kara diyA / liMga kA artha kSetra ke rUpa meM na rahakara puruSa jananendriya ke artha meM liyA jAne lagA / isa parvata para tapasyA ke phalasvarupa prApta Atmasiddhi ko pArvatI nAma se eka svatantra strI ke vyaktitva kA rupa de diyA aura usa strI kI jananendriya meM purUSa jananendriya ko sthApita kara isa nayI AkRti ko zivaliMga kahane lage / isa bAta ko usa samaya ke azikSita aura ajJAnI logoM ne AsAnI se grahaNa kara lI / Avazyaka zAstra meM mahezvara aura umA ke upAkhyAna se grahaNa kara lI / Avazyaka zAstra meM mahezvara aura umA ke upAkhyAna se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai / Atmasiddhi rUpa dvAdazAMga vANI se prApta gaNapati ( gaNadhara ) tathA SaNmukha (SaDadravyAtmaka) rupa ko kramazaH hAthI kI sUMDa vAle lambodara gaNeza tathA

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 30 chaH mukha vAle kArtikeya kI mAnava AkRtiyoM kA rUpa dekara ziva aura pArvatI kI saMtAna rUpa kalpanA kara DAlI / isa prakAra zaiva logoM ne tAMtrika upAsanA ke liye saMsAra sahAraka ziva ke zivaliMga ko jananendriya rupa meM kalpita karake saMsAra sarjaka banA DAlA / kalhANa ne rAjataraMgaNinI meM gaNapati yA gaNeza kA artha gaNoM kA adhyakSa batAyA hai / Rgveda (2:23:1) meM zrI gaNanA~tvA gaNapati ullekha kiyA gayA hai / jainAgamoM meM gaNa arthAt muniyoM ke samUha aura gaNa ke netA ko gaNadhara kahA jAtA hai / pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke gaNadhara hote the to sUMDavAle gaNeza nahIM varan pUrNa mAnava the / I bhAratIya jIvana kA pravAha sRSTi ke prArambha se Aja taka jina niyamoM aura niyantraNoM ke sahAre cala rahA hai vahI saMskRti kA Adi srota kahA jA sakatA hai aura jo vizva ke vibhinna pracalita dharmoM aura saMskRtiyoM kA bhI Adi strota haiM / prAcInakAla se avicchinna rUpa meM calI A rahI yaha jIvaMta paramparA Aja bhI jaina dharma ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / yadyapi jaina zabda kA prayoga 7vIM zatAbdI se prArambha huA parantu isakI prAcInatA hI isakI vizeSatA hai / vartamAna samaya meM saMkhyA meM alpa hote hue bhI isakA prabhAva samasta dharmoM aura vizva kI sabhI prAcInatama saMskRtiyoM meM parilakSita hotA hai| DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina ke zabdoM meM 'jaina dharma aisI sanAtana dhArmika evaM sAMskRki paramparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai jo zuddha bhAratIya hone ke sAtha hI prAya: sarva prAcIna jIvanta paramparA hai| usake udgama aura vikAsArambha kA bIja sudUra atIta prAgaitihAsika kAla meM nihita hai / mAnava jIvana meM karma yuga ke prArambha ke sAtha hI sAtha isa sarala svabhAva Atmadharma kA bhI AvirbhAva huA thA / ' zrI ajitakumAra zAstrI ne apane lekha meM likhA hai 'vizva ke sabhI dharmoM kA nirIkSaNa evaM parIkSaNa kiyA jAye to jaina dharma kI sattA sabase prAcIna siddha hotI hai tadanusAra jaina saMskRti saMsAra meM prAcInatama hai / ' itihAsakAroM kI bhUla itihAsa apane yuga kA darpaNa hotA hai / jisa kAla kI jaisI paristhiti

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... ho usa kAla kA vaisA hI varNana itihAsakAroM ko karanA cAhiye / durbhAgyavaza hamAre deza ke itihAsakAroM ne apane deza ke itihAsa ke sAtha jitanA anyAya kiyA hai utanA zAyada anya kahIM bhI nahIM huA hai / isa sandarbha meM maiM yaha kahanA cAhU~gA ki jaina dharma ke sAtha bhAratIya itihAsakAroM ne bahuta hI anyAya kiyA hai| unhoMne vedoM aura purANoM ko jyAdA mahatva diyA hai / prApta itihAsa dvArA prAgvaidika kI saMskRti aura samAja ke viSaya meM kucha bhI patA nahIM calatA / yadi zramaNa sAhitya vaidika lekhoM se alaga dikhate haiM to pUrvAgraha se grasta hokara vaidika strotoM ko jyAdA mahattva diyA gayA hai / purAtatva vettAoM kI alpaprajJatA, pakSapAta tathA upekSA ke kAraNa bhI jaina purAtatva sAmagrI ko anya matAnuyAyiyoM kA raMga de diyA gayA hai / hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki bhAratIya itihAsakAra vaidika aura zramaNa srotoM ko samAna rUpa se dekhane meM asaphala rahe haiM / yahA~ taka ki unhoMne una prAcIna videzI itihAsakAroM ke varNanoM ko bhI anadekhA kara diyA jinhoMne samakAlIna bhAratIya samAja kA citraNa kiyA hai / prAcIna videzI srotoM tathA lekhakoM ke varNanoM ko hama isalie mahattvapUrNa mAnate haiM ki vo nA to yahA~ ke zAsaka the nA hI brAhmaNa yA zramaNa the / unake lekha sUcanAparaka haiM tathA bhAratIya itihAsa ko sahI rUpase jAnane evaM likhane ke eka mahattvapUrNa srota bana gaye haiM / 31 "The available histories of Bharata suffer from three defects. Firstly they present a biased view... the court historians and the subject historians are un reliable Secondly, almost all the historians neglected the pre-Aryan history of Bharat. Three foreign conquests the Aryan, The Turko Afgan and the British changed the course of history and the texture of the Cutlture and civilization of Bharata. The history and texture of the culture civilization of the Pre-Aryan Bharata is conveniently forgotten. Thirdly, The Indian historians are generall undialectical and unchronoligical in writing the history of Bharat specially its cultural History. the reason lies in the fure of the Bhartiya historians in taking full and

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... complete view of the gradual progress of Bhartiya life through the ages. The Bhartiya Historians give undue weightage to the vedic and puranic sources - They by and large failed to present the balanced view of the Bhartiya history with the critical and comparitive use of these sources. Just for this reason, they have failed to rightly appreciate the foreign sources and specially the greek sources" R. K. Jain from the 'Preface of Ancient India as described by Megasthenes' (Revised by R. C. Jain). yadi videzI lekhakoM ke varNanoM ko pUrNa tarkasaMgata nahIM bhI mAne to bhI eka vizvasanIya AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai tathA unakI mahattA ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA / mainasyanIna, TolamI, eriyana, evaM plInI Adi itihAsakAroM ke lekhoM meM hameM Arya pUrva bhAratIya saMskRti kA jo citraNa milatA hai vaha eka aisA pramANa hai jo hame Adi saMskRti ke mUla stotra ko samajhane meM yA sthApita karane meM mArgadarzaka ho sakatA hai| maigasthanIja kI kalama se jainadharma bhArata kA itihAsa vidhivat rUpa se sikandara ke AkramaNa ke samaya se prApta hotA hai| brahma AryoM ke AkramaNa ke pazcAt yUnAnI AkramaNa kA bahuta mahattva hai / sikandara ke sAtha aneka yUnAnI vidvAn bhI bhArata Aye the| maithasthanIz2a jo candragupta ke darabAra meM selyUkasa kA dUta banakara AyA thA, usakI 'inDikA' eka vizvasanIya grantha mAnI jAtI hai jo Aja pUrI upalabdha nahIM hai phira bhI usake kucha bhAga milate haiM jo bhArata kI tatkAlIna saMskRti aura itihAsa jAnane kA eka bar3A sAdhana haiM / "The Greek records which shows that the Alexander the great had heard of the wise sraman, The naked monks whom the Greeks referred as Sophists"... Dr. Bhuvanendra Kumar. maigasthanIja ke ullekhoM meM samanIka zabda zramaNa zabda kA apabhraMza hai| zramaNoM se sikandara atyanta prabhAvita thA / kAlonisa aura daNDAmisa

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 33 nAmaka muniyoM kA varNana maigasthanIja ke vivaraNa meM hameM milatA hai jo ki nirgrantha muni the / maigasthanIja ke anusAra samAja meM jinakA bahuta Adara thA unheM Hylobioi of Allobiol yA arhat kahate the | Its Hierophants were the prophets among the Egyptians, the Chaldeans among the Assyrians the Druids among the Gauls, The Sarmanaeans who were the Philosophers of the Baktrains and the Kelts. The Magi among the Persians and among the Indians the Gymnosophists. (Mc. Crindle's Ancient India) suprasiddha itihAsakAra plInI ke anusAra bekasa se lagAtAra sikandara taka ke samaya meM bhArata varSa para 154 rAjAoM ne rAjya kiyA / inakA rAjyakAla 6451 varSa thA / akabara ke samaya abulaphajala ne bhI kaI rAjAoM kA ullekha kara unakA rAjya kAla 4109 varSa batAyA hai| pro. hIrana apane Historical researches grantha meM likhate haiM ki DAyonija se samrATa candragupta ke samaya taka 6042 varSa vyatita hue / DAyonija aura speTabasa bhAratIya rAjAoM ke yUnAnI nAma hai / kaunaTa jAnasTArjana ke grantha "Theogony of the Hindu" meM likhA hai ki candragupta ke samaya meM usake rAjadarabAra meM pracalita prAcIna itihAsa to maigasthanIja dvArA sunakara inDikA meM likhA gayA usake anusAra candragupta se 6042 varSa pUrva meM 153 rAjA hue / isa prakAra hameM bhArata varSa kA itihAsa sAr3he ATha hajAra varSa kA pramANita rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai / isakI puSTi sara viliyama jonsa ko kAzmIra meM 'daviratAna' nAmaka grantha meM likhe eka 'beriyana' lekha se hotI hai / jisameM aneka rAjAoM kI nAmAvalI hai| jisameM prathama rAjA sikandara ke AkramaNa meM 5600 varSa pUrva rAjya karatA thA ( bhAratIya sabhyatA aura usakA vizvavyApI prabhAva pRSTha 4) kaipTana DrAyasa ne 1841 I. ke aiziyATika jarnala meM yaha siddha kiyA hai ki 3000 I.pU. bhArata meM aneka mahAna rAjya the jo sabhyatA aura saMskRti meM bahuta hI unnata the / yaha bahuta hI kheda kA viSaya hai ki pAThya pustakoM meM jo pracalita itihAsa milatA hai usameM Arya pUrva itihAsa kA varNana nahIM hai | yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prAmANika tathya hai ki maurya sAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka candragupta maurya arhat saMskRti ko mAnane vAle the / isIlie I

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 34 brAhmaNoM ne unheM nimna kula se batAyA hai / maigasthanIja aura TaulamI dvArA varNita pANDiyA rAjya zramaNa rAjya thaa| kyoMki vahA~ para mAtRka prathA thI jo ki Arya pUrva kI pracalita prathA rahI thI / All the Pandaian regions of Magesthenese and Ptolemy are historically the Krishna regions. The Krishna were the Pre-Aryan, Non - Aryan People of Bharat, of the Australoid Erhnic Stock and following the Shramanic way. (Ancient India as described by Ptoblermy). itihAsavid TolamI kI kalama se jainadharma TolamI jo mistra deza kA itihAsakAra thA jisakA samaya dUsarI zatAbdI hai usane apane samaya tathA usase pUrva ke bhAratIya itihAsa kA varNana kiyA The Pre-Aryan, The Dravidian and the Brahmani Peoples and the places were clearly rognisable in the age of Ptolemy. TolmI ke anusAra The Bhartiya people despite three foreign intrusions were still vigorous and powerful people. They had kept there shramanic way of life intact in the whole of Bharata (Ancient India) TolamI aura maigasthanIja dvArA varNita Adi sadarA, pAMDiyana rAjya, ahi rAjya zramaNa saMskRti ke kendra the / maigasthanIja ke samaya taka brahmaArya dakSiNa se aparicita the lekina TolimI ke samaya meM dakSima meM jAne lage I 1 the / dakSiNa zramaNa saMskRti kA gar3ha thA / aura vahA~ para unakA prabhAva taba taka sthApita nahIM ho sakatA thA jaba taka ki vo Arya pUrva ke mahApuruSoM ko nahIM apanAte / The Brahamanas could not do without borrowing the Pre Bhahmaryan shramanic heroes Ram and Krishna. They recast them in there own settings. The shramanised rudraism and shaivism was also developed by them. Though the shramanic society materially suffered heavily at the hands

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 35 of foreign Brahamaryans, it celebrated its cultural triumphs over the Brahamaryans. (McCrindles) ___TolamI ne campA rAjya kA varNana kiyA hai| usameM campA ko 'jabaI' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| jo kamboja ke pazcimI kinAre para sthita hai| yaha eka zaktizAlI rAjya thA / yahA ke rAjA atyanta prasiddha the / zrutavarmana aura usakA putra zreSThavarmana / zruta kI avadhAraNA jaina Agama sAhitya se hai aura zreSThI jaina vyApAriyoM ko kahate the / usa samaya taka brAhmaNa pUrvI bhArata meM apanA prabhAva sthApita nahIM kara pAye the aura bauddha sudUrapUrva meM nahIM gaye the| bauddha cIna gaye the pazcima tathA uttara ke mArga se / ataH kambodiDA aura campA meM jo sAMskRtika virAsata gayI vo jaina logoM dvArA hI gayI / DaoN. Ara.sI. majumadAra ne bhI isakA samarthana kiyA hai / It is wrong to suggest that champa was a Hindu kingdom in the 2nd century A.D. (Cultural and colonial expansion.) According to Rooney South Vietnam was called champa till 2nd Century A.D. yadyapi aneka graMthoM meM itihAsakAroM ne likhA hai ki prAcInakAla se bhAratIyoM ne saba jagaha upaniveSa basAye haiM / The story of Bhartiya emmigration dates back from the hoary past. We know such emmigrations since 4000 B.C. whe the known chapter of the human opens. The Bhartiya cultural ambassodors went to sumer egypt greece & America. ye bhAratIya kauna the ? ye hindU aura bauddha nahIM the varan arhata yA jina the / kyoMki Arya pUrva jo saMskRti yahA~ Adi kAla se thI vo arhat paramparA kI thI / bauddha dharma bhI 500 I.pU. astitva meM AyA thA / taba taka brahma AryoM kA koI bhI sAmrAjya yahA~ sthApita nahIM ho pAyA thA / jaina saMskRti kA vistRta kSetra malAyA deza kA nAma bhArata ke malaya giri kSetra se par3A / nIlagirI se kanyA kumArI taka ke kSetra malayagiri kahalAtA thA / ina zramaNa zreSThiyoM

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 36 dvArA vyApAra ke sAtha sAtha zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva va pracAra to hotA hI thA ye apane deza kA nAma bhI vahA~ ke dezoM aura sthAnoM ko dete the They gave the name of there mountains to the whole country B.C. Law. isa sandarbha meM yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina vyApArI barmA syAma malAyA campA Adi dezoM meM vyApAra ke liye jAte the / unhoMne vahA~ apane upaniveza bhI basAye the / vahA~ ke jagahoM kI bhAratIya sthAnoM ke nAmoM kI samAnatA se yaha siddha hotA ki unakI saMskRti kA prAcIna bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti se abhinna sambandha rahA hai / jisa prakAra bhAratIya vyApArI karane Ate the| jaina sAhitya meM 'nAyadhammakahAo' kathAnaka meM campA kA varNana hai jahA~ se vyApArI mAla lAdakara samudra meM anya jagahoM meM vyApAra ke lie jAte the / ye nizcita hI bhAgalapura sthita campA nahIM hai varan viyatanAma kI campA hai jo mekong river ke kinAre aura samudra se najadIka hai / agakoravATa kA maMdira jaina mandira thA / yaha maMdira thAI tathA barmI logoM dvArA 12vIM zatAbdI meM dhvaMsa kara diyA gayA / vAstava meM yahA~ jo mUrtiyA~ padmAsana meM tathA sA~paphaNa se suzobhita haiM vo buddha kI nahIM ho sakatI varan bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI haiM / " According to Harisatya Mahacharya and other Archaelogists the famous statues of so called Naag Buddha are actually of Tirthankar Parsvanatha belonged to Naag Dynasty. (Meru temples of Angkor-Jineshwar Das Jain)." "The existence of Angkorval, Angkorthan along with many statues in Ardhapadmasana posture are a sufficient proof that these areas were dominated by shraman culture and traditions. since there areas were the birth place of many Tirthankar as, people from India used to visit these placeas pilgrimage centres (Jineshwar Das Jain). " yaha hama pahale hI kaha Aye haiM ki prAkvaidika yuga meM dakSiNa zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAvazAlI kSetra thA / zrIlaMkA meM buddha dharma ke pUrva jaina dharma sthApita thA isakA pramANa prAcIna bauddha granthoM se prApta hotA hai /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 37 kanyA kumArI ko pANinI ne apane aSTadhyAyI (2, 1, 70) meM kumArI zramaNA ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai| pANinI ke samaya taka brahma Arya dakSiNa se aparicita the tathA bauddha bhI azoka se pUrva dakSiNa meM nahIM gaye the / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha nAma tathA kSetra jaina saMskRti se prabhAvita thA / 'Cape Kumari was so named after the name of the Jain female was so named after the name of the jain female Ascetic. The concept of Kumari means a celibate woman.' akhaNDa bhArata ke mUla nivAsI zramaNa Arya pUrva kAla meM zramaNoM ko jinheM brahmaAryoM ne asabhya tathA sura kahA vo AryoM se jyAdA sabhya tathA unnata saMskRti ke the / jaba Arya unake samparka meM Aye usa samaya Arya luTere evaM asabhya avasthA meM the / brahma Arya bhautika jIvana ke sukhoM meM vizvAsa rakhate the jaba ki zramaNa AdhyAtmika jIvana meM vizvAsa karate the / "The Brahmans believed in the materialistic life while shramans in the spiritual one. The Brahmans knew no penance, meditation and fortitude." Dr. Zemmer $ 317HR "Jainism represent the thinking of the non-Aryan peoples of India and believed that there is truth in the Jaina idea that there religion goes back to a remote antquit in question being that of the Pre-Aryan so called Dravidian period which has recently been dramatically illuminated by the discovery of a series of great late stone age cities in the Indus valley dating from the third and perhaps even to the forth millennium B.C." DaoN. buddha prakAza (DI. liT) ne apane grantha 'bhAratIya dharma evaM saMskRti' meM likhA hai, mahAbhArata meM viSNu ke sahastranAmoM meM zreyAMsa, ananta, dharma, zAnti, aura sambhava Ate haiM aura ziva ke nAmoM meM RSabha, ajita, ananta aura dharma milate haiM / viSNu aura ziva donoM kA eka nAma suvrata diyA gayA

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38 jainatva jAgaraNa..... hai| ye saba nAma tIrthaMkaroM ke haiM / aisA lagatA hai ki mahAbhArata ke samanvaya pUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM tIrthaMkaroM ko viSNu aura ziva ke rUpa meM siddha kara dhArmika ekatA karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA thA / isase tIrthaMkaroM kI prAcIna paramparA siddha hotI hai| maigasthanIja TolamI ityAdi sabhI ke vivaraNoM se yaha spaSTa niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki brahma Aryo ke Ane se pUrva bhArata ke mUla nivAsI zramaNa dharmAnuyAyI the / pro. phalga ne apanI pustaka 'Short Studies In the Science of Comparitive Religion, Pg. 243-244 meM spaSTa likhA "There was also existing throughout uppea India an ancient and highly organised religion, Philosophical, ethical and severally ascetical viz Jainsm. Out of which clearly developed the early ascetical features of Brahmanism and Buddhism." "ati prAcIna kAla se bhArata ke UparI kSetra meM eka bar3A suvyavasthita dharma vidyamAna thA / usakA ucca zreNI kA tattvajJAna tathA nIti thI evaM ati ugra tapazcaryA kA samarthana karane vAlA thA usakA hI nAma jaina dharma tathA isI se hI Age calakara brAhmaNa aura bauddhadharma ko adhyAtmavAdI svarUpa spaSTa rUpa se prApta huA / " __ kisI bhI saMskRti aura dharma kA mUla srota eka hotA hai / jaba ki pUrvAgraha se yukta itihAsakAroM ne apane se pUrva itihAsakAroM kA anukaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki prArambha se hI do saMskRtiyoM calI A rahI haiM Arhat aura bArhat / eka sAtha do saMskRtiyoM kA janma nahIM hotA, mUla saMskRti eka hI hotA hai / isa bArhat vaidika saMskRti kA janma arhat RSabhadeva jo Arhata-saMskRti ke saMsthApaka the unake pautra marici tathA usake ziSya kapila dvArA huA / prAgvaidika kAla meM jo zramaNa saMskRtithI vaha arhat ke nAma se prasiddha thI / jainoM ke prasiddha navakAra maMtra meM sarvaprathama arhatoM ko hI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| arhata paramparA kI puSTi zrImadabhAgavata, padmapurANa, viSNupurANa, skandhapurANa tathA zivapurANa Adi granthoM se bhI hotI hai| isameM jaina dharma kI utpatti ke viSaya meM aneka upAkhyAna bhI hai| yathArtha meM Arhata

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 39 dharma jisa paramparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai vahI vedoM meM, upaniSada meM mahAbhArata tathA purANa sAhitya meM kucha parivartana ke sAtha spaSTa rUpa meM dikhAyI detA hai / isakA kAraNa brahma Aryo para zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva par3anA thA kyoMki vo usI se vichinna hue the / aura jinakA prabhAva hameM unake sAhitya meM milatA hai / yahA~ taka ki vaidika grantha yoga vaziSTha ke vairAgya prakaraNa 15/8 meM rAma ko bhI zAnti prApti hetu jinendra kI AtmasAdhanA kA anukaraNa karane kI bhAvanA prakaTa karate hue varNita kiyA hai / 'nAhaM rAmo na meM vAMchA, bhAveSu ca na me mana, zAnti mA situ micchAmi, vAtmIya jino yathA / ' arhat zabda kA varNana hameM Rgveda meM bhI milatA hai / jisase spaSTa hai ki Rgveda racanAkAla ke pUrva bhArata meM arhato kA hI prabhAva thA / prAcya vidyAoM ke vizva vikhyAt anusandhAtA DaoN. harmanayAkobI ne apanI kitAba ke naveM pRSTha meM spaSTa likhA hai ki " pArzvanAtha jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka the isakA koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai / jaina paramparA prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se hI apane dharma kA udbhava mAnatI hai "vaidika sAhitya ke antargata Rgdeva meM jisa RSabhadeva kA varNana milatA hai vahI jaina dharma ke RSabhanAtha hai / RSabhadeva brAhmaNa dharma aura zramaNa dharma ke samanvaya bindu ke rUpa meM mAnya hai / zrI RSabhadeva ke atirikta anya tIrthaMkaro kA bhI varNana vaidika sAhitya meM milatA hai| Bhagwat Purana shour that the Tirthankar Sumati followed the path of Rishabha." - B. R. Kundu (J.J. 1981 Pg. 67) 1 jainadharma kI prAcInatA ke sAhityika- purAtAttvika sAkSya bhAratIya saMskRti ke Adi srota ko jAnane ke lie prAcInatama sAhityika srota ke rUpa meM veda tathA prAcInatama purAtAttvika srota ke rUpa meM mohanajodAr3oM evaM har3appA ke avazeSa hI hamAre AdhAra haiM saMyoga se ina donoM hI AdhAroM aura sAkSyoM se zramaNa dhArA ke ati prAcInakAla meM bhI upasthiti hone ke pramANa milate haiM / vaidika sAhitya ke pUrva mohanajodaDoM aura har3appA ke utkhanana se prApta vRSabha yukta dhyAna mudrA meM yogiyoM kI I

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... sIle isa bAta kA tathya pramANa hai ki Rgdeva kI racanA kAla se bhI pahale bhArata meM zramaNa dhArA kA, astitva hI nahIM varan vahI eka mAtra pramukha dhArA thI / 40 Dr. Thomas Mcevilley of Rice University of Los Angeles and Dr. Katherine Harpar of Loyala Marymount University further strengthen the suggestion. that "there existed Pre Aryan Jain Tradition in the Indus Valley." haiM hue sindhu ghATI sabhyatA meM koI bhI vaidika dharmake avazeSa prApta nahIM / ata: Arhat paramparA hI Adi paramparA hai / "The religion of . the Jinas can be traced before the advent of the vedic Aryans to the Pre historic period in India. The first of these Jinas was R. shabha whose bull insignia is found in Indus valley civilization." bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne jahA~ karma yuga kI nIMva DAlI vahI dharma yuga kI bhI AdhAra zilA rakhI thI / ve vizva ke Adya pracAraka siddha hue / vedoM meM RSabha zabda bhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai / rudra, ziva, megha, baila, sA~Da tathA agni ke rUpa meM ullekha hai ye nAma RSabhadeva ke paryAyavAcI haiN| Rgveda meM do jagaha RSabhadeva ko ArAdhya ke rupa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jainAgamoM meM RSabhadeva ko isa avasarpiNI kAla ke dharma kA Adi pravartaka kahA hai bhAgavat meM RSabhadeva ko avatAra mAnakara unakA uddezya vAtarazanA zramaNa RSiyoM ke dharma ko prakaTa karanevAlA batAyA hai / zrI rAmadhArI siMha jI 'dinakara' ne apanI pustaka 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya' meM likhA hai - " yaha mAnanA yukti yukta hai ki zramaNa saMsthA bhArata meM Aryo Agamana ke pUrva vidyamAna thI / " pAtaMjali jo brahma Arya the unhoMne bhI likhA hai ki paurANika dharma Agama aura nigama para AdhArita mAnA jAtA hai / nigama vaidika pradhAna hai aura Agama prAgvaidika kAla se calI A rahI vaidiketara paramparA kA vAMcaka hai / jaina itihAsa ke anusAra mUlavedoM ke 36 upaniSad the / mUla prAcIna veda Adhunika veMdoM se bhinna haiN| unakI racanA Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra rAjarSi bharata cakravartI dvArA apane pitA ke upadeza se zrAvakoM ke liye

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 41 kI gayI thI / ye veda naveM tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha ke upadeza se zrAvakoM ke liye kI gayI thI / ye veda naveM tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha ke samaya taka cale usake bAda jaba vichinna hone lage to usa samaya ke bhASyakAroM neka zrutiyA~ racI jinameM hiMsaka bali, yajJa tathA zaktizAlI devatAoM indra varuNa Adi ko prasanna karane kI stutiyA~ kI gayI / bAda meM veda vyAsa jI ne inako ekatrita kara unake cAra bhAga kara cAra nAma se cAra veda banAye / veda meM sthAna sthAna para vaidika devatAoM ke prati kI gayI prArthanAoM se yaha tathya spaSTa hotA hai ki isa saMskRti ke loga bhautika kAmanAoM kI pUti ke lie deva zaktiyoM para Azrita rahane vAle the| inake dvArA yajJa meM bali dI jAtI thI / inakA jIvana saMgharSamaya va asurakSA kI bhAvanA se grasta thA / vyAsa jI ne brahma sUtra kI racanA kI jisake tIsare adhyAya ke dUsare bhAga ke 33veM sUtra meM jainoM kI saptabhaMgI kA khaMDana kiyA hai / jisa samaya meM jo mata prabala hotA hai usI kA khaMDana kiyA jAtA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki veda vyAsajI ke samaya jaina dharma prabhAvazAlI thA / upaniSada aura purANoM ke adhyayana se yaha mAlUma par3atA hai ki isameM vedoM ke viparita likhA hai| upaniSada jaina mata ke samIpa kahe jA sakate haiM usameM jaina darzana kI abhivyakti dekhane ko milatI hai| kyoMki upaniSad ke pravaktA brAhmaNa nahIM the. zramaNa dharma ke tIrthaMkaro kI taraha kSatriya the| eka bAta aura dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jisa prakAra brAhmaNoM ke cAra veda haiM usI prakAra maga jAti ke bhI cAra veda hote the / vida, vizvarada, virAda aura aMgIrasa / ye veda kharoSTi lipi meM the| magoM ke ina vedoM kA varNana pArasI dharma graMtha avesta ke prAcInaM aMza meM bhI milatA hai / jarathustra tathA unake vaMzaja maga kahalAte the| magoM kA zAsana mistra bebIloniyA, tAtAra, sAiberiyA, rUsa Adi aneka dezoM meM phailA huA thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM Aja bhI jina vedoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai ve uttara bhArata ke vedoM se bhinna haiM / Avazyaka zAstra meM varNana hai ki jIva hiMsA yukta yajJa RSi yAjJavalakya sulasA tathA aru Adi dvArA zurU kiye gaye the / isa sandarbha meM eka upAkhyAna bhI AtA hai jo isa prakAra hai / 'rAvaNa jaba digvijaya karane nikalatA hai to rAste meM nArada

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42 jainatva jAgaraNa..... duHkhI hokara rAvaNa ke pAsa Ate haiM aura batalAte hai ki rAjapura meM maruta nAma kA rAjA yajJa kara becAre nirIha pazuoM kI bali de rahA hai| maiMne use samajhAyA ki asalI yajJa AtmA kI pavitratA kA hai / lekina rAjA ne nahIM sunA aura mujhe mAranA cAhA ataH maiM Apake pAsa AyA huuN| taba zaktizAlI rAvaNa ne jAkara yajJa banda karAyA / isa upAkhyAna se yaha spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNa granthoM meM jo kahA gayA hai ki rAkSasa va asura yajJa vidhvaMsa kara dete the vAstava meM isakA artha zaktizAlI arhat jaina dharmI rAjAoM se hai jo hiMsaka yajJoM kA virodha karate the, unako hI asura aura rAkSasa tathA daityarAja ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA thA / deva aura asUro ke madhya huA saMgharSa bhI eka prakAra se do saMskRtiyoM yA jAtiyoM ke madhya thA / vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki asura rAjA prAya: ahiMsaka jaina saMskRti se sambandha the / yaha bAta aura hai ki vidveSa ke kAraNa asura zabda ko hiMsA ko paryAyavAcI banA diyA hai| viSNu purANa ke anusAra asura loga arhat dharma ke anuyAyI the / inakA ahiMsA meM pUrNa vizvAsa thA yajJa aura pazubali meM inakI pUrNa anAsthA thii| zrAddha aura karma kANDa ke ye virodhI the / (viSNu purANa 573/ 17, 18-18, 26, 28, 29, 30,49 13/170-413) ' mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM asura rAjA bali apane mukha se Atma sAdhanA kA jo varNana karate haiM vaha bhI jaina dharma ke anukUla haiM / (dAmodara zAstrI bhAratIya saMskRti aura jaina sAdhanA / ) vedoM meM varNita Azrama vyavasthA RSabhadeva dvArA karmoM ke AdhAra para sthApita kI gayI thI jo bAda meM brahma Aryo dvArA janmagata AdhAra para kI gayI / brAhmaNoM ne vedoM kI Izvarokta batAyA hai jabaki RgvedakI saMhitA aSTaka tIna, adhyAya do, varga 12, 13, 14 se yaha siddha hotA hai ki vizvAmitra RSi ne paMjAba meM jahA~ vyAsa aura sindhu nadI milatI hai vahA~ para agAdhapAnI dekhakara unhoMne nadI pAra karane ke liye ina tIna RcAoM se nadiyoM kI stuti kI / Rgveda ke dasoM maMDaloM ke sRSTA dasa RSi haiM / zaMkarAcArya ke samaya se Aja taka lagabhaga 1200 varSa pUrva vedoM meM kAphI phera badala kiyA gayA / kitane hI purAne zlokoM ko nikAlakara nae zloka sthApita kie

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43 jainatva jAgaraNa...... gae / vedoM ke artha karane meM zaMkara mAdhavAcArya aura sAyanAcArya ne apane apane bhASya meM bahuta artha mana kalpita bhI likhe haiM / pANinI tathA pAMtajali ne bhI bhASya likhe haiM parantu ye jo navIna bhASya race gaye, inase bhI zAstroM kI satyatA naSTa ho gayI / 1 pANinI aSTAdhyAyI vyAkaraNa se bhI pUrva prAcIna jaina vyAkaraNa ke sAkSya milate haiM | pANinI ne apane race vyAkaraNa meM apane se pUrva aneka bhASyakAroM kA varNana kiyA hai jinameM zAkaTAyanAcArya kA nAma bhI hai / zAkaTAyanAcArya ke bhASya ke maMgalAcaraNa se spaSTa hai ki vo jaina mata ke the / jainendra vyAkaraNa aura endra vyAkaraNa ye bhI pANinI se pUrva ke haiM / pAtaMjali ne bhI jo aSTadhyAyI ke Upara bhASya race rahaiM vaha bhI jainendra, indra, zAkaTAyanAdivyAkaraNAnusAra racA hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnyatAoM ke viSaya meM bhI jainettara vidvAnoM dvArA yaha bhrAmaka pracAra kara sandeha paidA karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA / gujarAta ke mahAn sAhityakAra zrI candrazekhara dIvAnajI ke anusAra "jaina kathAoM ke viSaya meM kucha vidvAnoM ne isa prakAra kI mAnyatA pracalita kI ki jaina dharmAcAryoM ne hindu itihAsa aura purANa granthoM se mahApurUSoM ke nAma tathA unake jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAe~ lekara unheM jaina paramparA ke anukUla parivartita kiyA / unake vaijJAnika grantha itihAsa kI dRSTi se koI mahattva nahIM rakhate / para unake granthoM ke racanAkAroM ne apane prAcIna granthoM se upalabdha jAnakArI ko hI nAma nirdeza ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai / kalakattA vizva vidyAlaya ke bhASA zAstrI Dr. Chaturjya ne bhI likhA hai - "Myths and legends of gods and heroes curents among Austric and Dravidians long attending the period of Aryans advent in India (1500 B.C.) appeared to have been rendered in the Aryan Language in late and garbled or improved version according to themselves to Aryan Gods and heroes worlds and it is these myths and legends to Gods, sages which are largely found in puranas."

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44 jainatva jAgaraNa.... "AsTika aura draviDoM meM AryoM ke yahA~ Agamana ke pUrva (I. pU. 1500) devatAoM aura vIroM kI daMtakathAe~ pracalita thI / ye kathAe~ Arya bhASA meM bahuta samaya bAda AyI jinameM Arya devatAoM aura mAnyatAoM ke anusAra sudhAra yA parivartana huA aura ve AryoM ke devoM evaM vIroM ke rUpa meM badala gae / purANoM kI kathAeM bhI isI prakAra paidA huI / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vAstavikatA ke mUlyAMkana ke liye nirapekSa dRSTi se brAhmaNa sAhitya kA gaveSaNApUrNa adhyayana karane kI AvazyakatA hai / AdinAtha kA Adidharma Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kevala bhAratIya upAsya deva hI nahIM bhArata ke bAhara bhI unakA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai / vizva kI prAcInatama saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti arhatoM kI upAsaka thI tathA vaha utanI hI prAcIna hai jitanI Atma vidyA aura Atma vidyA kSatriya paramparA rahI hai| purANoM ke anusAra kSatriyoM ke pUrvaja RSabhadeva haiM / brAhmaNa purANa 214 meM pArthiva zreSTa RSabhadeva ko saba kSatriyoM kA pUrvaja kahA gayA hai| mahAbhArata ke zAnti parva meM bhI likhA hai ki kSAtra dharma bhagavAna AdinAtha se pravRtta huA hai, zeSa dharma usake bAda pracalita hue haiN| prAcIna bhArata kI yuddha paddhati naitika bandhanoM se jakar3I huI thI / prAcIna yuddhoM meM ucca caritra kA pradarzana hotA thA / itanI ucca zreNI kA kSatriya caritra kA udAharaNa anyatra kahIM nahIM dikhatA isakA eka mAtra kAraNa zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva hai| AryoM ne yaha bhArata kI prAcIna zramaNa paramparA se hI sIkhA hai| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke pitA nAbhi rAjA caudahakulakaroM meM antima kulakara the unakA samaya saMkrAnti kAla thA / usa samaya bhoga bhUmi thii| nAbhi rAjA ke nAma para hI isa kSetra kA nAma nAbhi khaMDa yA ajanAbha varSa par3A thaa| bhAgavata purANa meM spaSTa likhA hai ki ajanAbha varSa hI Age calakara nAbhi ke pautra evaM RSabhadeva ke putra cakravartI bharata ke nAma se bhAratavarSa huA / nAbhi aura RSabhadeva kA prabhAva samasta madhya pUrva eziyA, yUnAna,

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 45 mistra, phiniziyA meM thA / phiniziyoM kA bhArata ke sAtha prAgaitihAsika kAla se hI sAMskRtika aura vyApArika samparka thA / phiniziyanoM meM sirpha RSabhadeva hI nahIM varan anya tIrthaMkara bhI pUjanIya the / itihAsakAra herena ne mistra aura phiniziyanoM ke sambandhoM ke mAnate hue likhA hai| "The gods Anat and Reschuf seems to have reached the phoenecians from north Syria at a very early period. So far indeed, it is only certain that they were worshipped by the phoenecians colonists on cyprus portraits of these deities are displayed on the monuments of the Egyptians, who has appropriated them during their intercourse with Syria. The circumstancer that the Egyptians were fond of representing both dieties with the town godders of Kadesh on the Orontes point to Reschuf as well as Anat having been received into the phoenicians system of Gods from the pantheon of the northen portion of Syria. From the closing sentence of the treaty which Ramses II concluded with the Kheta (Hittites) it even seems that Anat were worshipped in many towns in the Hittites Kingdom" (History of Phoenicia Pg. 270). DA. rAmaprasAda caMdA ke anusAra bhArata ke pUrvI bhAga meM aise Adima dharma kA patA calatA hai jisameM pratIkoM ke rUpa meM pahalA caitya Adi, dUsarA pUjya pratIka stUpa jo aNDAkAra hotA thA - eka tIsarA pratIka thA dhvaja stambha jisake zIrSa bhAga meM aise pazuoM kI mUrti banAte the jo samAjoM meM pUjya hote. the / Adi dharma kI yaha vizeSatA bhArata meM hI nahIM apitR mistra, bebIloniyA, asIriyA tathA prAcIna yUnAna meM milatI hai / mistra ke jainadharma kI maujUdagI IsA pUrva aneka zatAbdiyoM se mistra zramaNa tapasviyoM kA vicaraNa kSetra rahAhai / ina tapasviyoM ko therApute kahA jAtA thA / therApute kA artha aparigrahI maunI hotA hai / yaha thera zabda vAstava meM sthavira zabda se nikalA hai jisakA artha nirgrantha muni thaa| jaina kalpa sUtra Adi meM tathA jina pratimAoM

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 46 ke lekhoM meM bhI thera zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / AcArya kundakunda svAmI ne bhI thera zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / mistra meM kucha aise patthara prApta hue haiM jina para dharma cakra aura triratna bane hue haiM / una para koI lekha nahIM hai| memaphisa meM bhI kucha bhAratIya mUrtiyAM milI hai / Tolamaika kabra ke patthara para bhI dharma cakra aura triratna ke cinha hai / (Journal of Asiatic research society 1899 pg. 875). I yadyapi lekhakoM ne ise bauddha cinha batAyA hai lekina ye unakI jainadharma ke prati ajJAnatA kA paricAyaka hai / jaina tIrthaMkaro ke lAMchana vRSabha, baila, sUara, gaiMDA, bakarA Adi kA mistra nivAsI pavitra tathA pUjya mAnate the aisA varNana vahA~ kI sAhityika paramparA meM milatA hai / "More over what acts of Religious worship they performed toward Apis in Memphis, Mnevis in Heliopolus, the goat in Mendes, The crocodile in thak of Moeris- when any of them die they are as much concerned as at the death of their own children and lay out in burring of them as much as all their goods are worth and far more." "The Egyptians not only paid during honours to the full apis but to considering him the living image and representative of Osiris (Reshuf)." mistra meM jaba bhayAnaka akAla par3A thA taba bhI vahA~ ke loga zAkAhArI hI rahe the | Diodorous ke anusAra For it is reported that at a time when there was a famine in Egpt many were...but not a man was accused to have in the least tasted of any of these sacred creatures. isa sandarbha meM pro. e. cakravartI ne yaha vivaraNa diyA hai. "Gymnosophists used already Megasthenes applies very apply to Nirgranthas travellers must travelled to Egypt preaching Ahimsa. They must have influence these people because they considered aborition from meat eating and

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... drinking wine as important ethical aspect of their religion. (Encyclopedia Britanica vol. 25 Edn proved.)' itihAsakAra herena kA mAnanA thA ki mistra ke loga bhAratIya mUla ke haiM / yahI eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa thA bhArata aura mistra kI prAcIna dharma aura saMskRti meM samAnatA kA / The skull of the Egyptians and those of Indian races of antiquity as preserved in the tombs of the respective countries bear a close resemblance to one another. rAyabahAdura rAma prasAda candA (jaina-vidyA) ne mistra se prApta mUrtiyoM aura sindhu ghATI se prApta mUrtiyoM kI tulanA karate hue likhA hai - "laiTa epha.DI.pI. 151 meM khudI huI AkRti kI avasthA iNDiyaMsa (iNDasa) kI moharoM para khaDe hue devatAoM jaisI hai / tatkAlIna ijipziyana zilpoM meM prakaTa. prAcIna rAjavaMzoM meM (III, VI.) donoM tarapha laTakate hAthoM vAlI mUrtiyA~ thiiN| ye mistra (egypt) aura grIka mUrtiyA~ usI prakAra ke hAvabhAva batalAtI haiM / phirabhI iNDasa muharoM para khaDI AkRtiyoM meM vizeSatA ke rUpa meM jo tyAga bhAvanA dikhAyI detI hai usakA inameM sampUrNa abhAva hai|" / mistra se prApta kA~se kI kapi kI mUrti kA sAdRzya cauthe tIrthaMkara abhinandana svAmI ke lAMchana se hai / itihAsakAroM ne isakI tulanA sAranAtha ke pratIkoM ke kara ise bauddha dharma se jor3A hai / lekina sAranAtha kA stUpa jaina dharma kA dyotaka hai| kyoMki isame bane triratna aura siMha kI mUrti isa bAta ko pramANita karate haiM / jaina jAtaka kathAoM meM zreSThiyoM aura vyApAriyoM dvArA samudrI rAstoM se mistra meM jAne kA varNana milatA hai| bhArata aura mistra kA sambandha prAg aitihAsika kAla se vidvAn loga mAnate haiM / ataH yaha kahane meM jarA bhI saMkoca nahIM hai ki mistra kI saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti kA pratIka thI tathA zramaNa saMskRti ke tIrthaMkaro kI upAsanA kA kendra nthii| Anat and Reschpu were extensively worshippen in the eastern delta and in the whole of Eqypt. Thomus Maries ne apanI kitAba 'The History of Hindusthan, its arts an its Sciences' meM Egypt ke viSaya meM mahatvapUrNa jAnakAriyA~ dI hai| unake anusAra purI ke jagannAtha maMdira kI mUrtiyoM aura Egypt

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48 jainatva jAgaraNa..... ke Sphinx kI samAnatA hai kyoMki donoM kA mUla eka hI hai| yaha sarvavidita hai ki purI kA maMdira RSabhadeva kA maMdira hai| Age unhoMne likhA hai ki aphrIkA kA eka bhAga zramaNasthAna kahalAtA thA / aura Babel kA Tower padmAvatI devI kA maMdira thA / A considerable portion of Africa was called Sharmasthan alias Sharm or Shem. The tower of Babel was the Padma Mandir alias Lotus Temple on the banks of river Kumudwati which can be no other than the Euphrates (Pp. 44.46 of Maurice's book). Egypt kA nAma mistra isalie par3A kyoMki vahA~ para vibhinna jAtiyA~ Apasa meM dhulamila gayI thI / Egypt kA artha hai ajapati / rAma ke pUrvaja aja ikSvAku vaMza ke the tathA dUsare tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha bhI ikSvAku vaMza ke the| ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ajitanAtha se hI ajapati nAma AyA hai / Sir Flinders Petrie of the British school of Egyptian Archaeology discoverd at Memphis, the ancient capital of Egypt, some statues of Indian type. Such discoveries prove the existence of an Indian colony in ancient Egypt about 500 B. C. One of the statues represents an Indian Yogi sitting crossed legs in deep meditation. the well known Jain posture. lekharAma jI ne apanI kitAba Kulyat-I-Arya Musafir meM likhA hai ki mistra kI eka pahAr3I para bhArata ke giranAra parvata ke samakakSa tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ dekhI thI / mistra nivAsiyoM ke dhArmika siddhAnta jaina paramparA ke dhArmika siddhAntoM se milate haiN| ve loga sRSTi kartA ko nahIM mAnate evaM AtmA kI amaratA para vizvAsa karate haiM / The religious dogmas of the Egyptians were also most like those of the Jains. They had no belief in the creator of universe, and further like the Jains they professed and preached plurality of Gods, whom they described as infinitely perfect and happy, They accepted the existence of an immortal soul and extended it even to the lower animal world. They observed the rules of abstinence, and never took flesh and vegetables like redish garlic etc. in their diet The

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 49 feeling of Ahimsa was so manifest in them that they did not even wear shoes other than those made of the plant papyrus. They also made nude images of their God Horus. rAyabahAdura ramAprasAda canda (jaina vidyA) ne mistra se prApta mUrtiyoM aura sindhu ghATI se prApta mUrtiyoM kI tulanA karate hue likhA hai / laiTa epha. DI. pI. 159 meM khudI huI AkRti kI avasthA iNDasa kI moharoM para khar3e hue devatAoM jaisI hai | tatkAlIna ijipziyana zilpoM meM prakaTa prAcIna rAjavaMzoM meM (III. IV.) donoM tarapha laTakate hAthoM vAlI mUrtiyA~ thI / ye ijipTa aura grIka mUrtiyA~ usI prakAra ke hAvabhAva batalAtI hai / phira bhI iNDasa muharoM para kI khar3I AkRtiyoM meM vizeSatA ke rUpa meM jo tyAga bhAvanA dikhAI detI hai usakA inameM sampUrNa abhAva hai / jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana vRSabha, baila, suara, gaiMDA, bakarA Adi ko mistra nivAsI pavitra tathA pUjya mAnate the / aisA varNana vahA~ kI sAhityika paramparA meM milatA hai / pazuoM kI rakSA karanA mahAn karttavya mAnA jAtA thA / "More over what acts of Religious worship they performed toward Apis in Memphis, Mnevis in Heliopolus, the goat in Mendes, The crocodile in the lake of Moeriswhen any of them dye they are as much concerned as at the death of their own children and lay out in burrying of them as much as all their goods are worth and far more." "The Egyptians not only paid during honours to the bull apis but to considering him the living image and representative of Osriris (Reshuf).' bebIlona aura sIriyA kI saMskRti meM jainadharma vizva kI ati prAcIna saMskRtiyoM meM sumerIya saMskRti ullekhanIya hai / prAg aitihAsika yuga meM sindhu sabhyatA eka aisI sabhyatA kI kar3I ke rUpa meM thI jisakA eka chora sumera meM thA / sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA jo zramaNa saMskRti kI hI thI usakA prabhAva bhI bebIlona saMskRti para thA / A Royal Cemetry of Ur shows Precious stone metal which

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50 jainatva jAgaraNa..... many have been brought there by the traders of Indus valley civilisation. All these evidence clearly indicate wide maritime contact of the Indus Valley civilisation with Sumerians. It will be interesting to mentionhere the fortified citadels at Mohenjodaro and Harappa which have been compared with the Sumerian Zigurats by K.N. Shastry (New light on the Indus Valley) with these many be remembered the kayotsarga form in the art of statuary of the Indus Valley (PC. Dasgupta). prAcInakAla se yaha kSetra tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta thaa| uttarI vibhAga kI rAjadhAnI asura thI / jise Aja asIriyA ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| yahA ke rAjA asura rAjA kahalAte the| bANAsura, samarAsura, mAyAsura Adi yahA~ ke rAjAoM ke varNana purANoM meM bhI milate haiM / vaidika Arya jaba bhArata meM Aye to yahA~ ke logoM ko jo zramaNa dharmAvalambI the unako bhI unhoMne asura kahA / pArTijara ne 'Ancient India Historical tradition' (Pg. 271) meM likhA hai "Jarasandh the King of Maga dh-is estimated as an Assur and the Buddhist and Jains are treated as Asuraj and Detyas." isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yahA~ ki zramaNa saMskRti aura asura saMskRti meM nizcaya hI samAnatA thI / sumera nAma bhI zramaNa saMskRti kA paricAyaka hai / yaha zabda sonagira se nikalA hai / "Later Songir is called Sumer and gave its name to whole of Southern Babylonia. (History of Mesopotamia Pg. 323.) nAbhi rAjA aura RSabhadeva samasta jambudvIpa ke adhipati the aisA jaina tathA jainetara zAstroM meM varNana hai| madhya pUrva eziyA jambudvIpa kA eka mahattvapUrNa kSetra thA / sumeriyana sabhyatA isa kSetra kA hRdaya sthala kahI jA sakatI hai| yahA~ nAbhi rAjA aura RSabhadeva kA prabhAva hI nahIM varana anya tIrthaMkaroM ke bhI pramANa upalabdha haiM / bebIlona ke Izvara mAnava the jinakA janma aura mRtyu sAmAnya mAnava ke rUpa meM huA thA / jo zramaNa saMskRti ke tIrthaMkaro se sAmya rakhatA hai| The Babylonian Gods are very human. They

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... are born. live, fight and even die like the people of the earth. nAbhi aura RSabhadeva kI stuti meM prArthanAyeM bhI kahI jAtI thIM / tathA unake sanmAna meM julUsa bhI nikAle jAte the / 'The German Excavating Society has recently brought to light the old procession street between babyion and Borshippa over which the image of god Nabu used to be Carried on his visit. to Marduk at Babylon (History of Mesopotamia).' From pg 104, 105 51 dUsare tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha jo sagara rAjA ke samaya hue the unakA bhI pazcima meM janma sthAna rahA hogA / uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke satrahaveM adhyAya meM sagara rAjA kA sAmrAjya bhArata varSa taka thA aisA likhA hai| purANoM ke AdhAra para bhI sagara rAjA kA sAmrAjya sIriyA aura bebIlona se lekara bhArata taka phailA huA thA / sagara rAjA kI rAjadhAnI agaiDa thI jo ayodhyA kI hI paryAya mAnI jAtI hai I sagara rAjA ke samaya hI unake 60,000 putroM dvArA tibbata meM kailAza para khAI khodane kA varNana AtA hai / dUsare tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha bhagavAna kA lAMchana hAthI hai / prAcIna samaya meM mesopoTAmiyana hAthI bahuta prasiddha the / makkA ke pAsa peTrA meM jo prAcIna maMdiroM meM jo mUrtiyA~ thI unameM ajitanAtha bhagavAna ko ajaha ke nAma se pUjA jAtA thA / eka aura mahatvapUrNa dhyAna dene yogya ullekha milatA hai / ijepTa kA nAma aja se par3A / ataH ajitanAtha se nizcaya rUpa se isa kSetra kA saMbaMdha honA svAbhAvika hai / I bebIlona kA nAma RSabhadeva ke putra bAhubalI ke nAmapara par3A aisA kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai | Thomas Maurice ne apanI kitAba The History of Hindustan, its Art and its Science meM likhA hai ki- The original Sanskrit name of Babylonia is Bahubalaneeya, the realm of king Bahubali.' sIriyA kA nagara MraSAphA tathA bebIlona kA nagara isabekajura RSabha zabda kA apabhraMza hai / rezepha (RSabha kA vikRta rupa) calDiyana devatA nAbU tathA mUrI (marudevI) ke putra mAne gaye hai / asIriyana Godderr Mylith kA varNana hameM milatA hai jo 19 veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha se sAmya rakhatA I

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52 jainatva jAgaraNa..... jainiyoM ke eka varga kI mAnyatA hai ki mallinAtha ko strI rUpa meM kaivalya kI prApti huI thii| sumatinAtha, aranAtha, mallinAtha, anantanAtha Adi tIrthaMkara asura the / mistra, sIriyA, bebIlona Adi meM inakI upAsanA pracalita thI tathA ye kSetra vRSabha saMskRti kA kendra thA / bebIlona ke jaina rAjA nebUcaMdanejhara Times of India (1935) meM prakAzita eka lekha meM eka tAmrapatra kI khoja kA vivaraNa AyA thA / jise DaoN. prANanAtha ne par3hakara batAyA ki bebIlona ke rAjA nebUcandra nejhAra ne revata giri para neminAtha ke mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thA / lekina isa para Aja taka vidvAnoM ne koI dhyAna nahIM diyA / The King Nebuchad Nazzar belonged to the Sumerian tribe has come to the place (Dwarika) of the Yadu Raja. He has built a temple and paid homage and made the great perpetual in favour of Lord Nemi of paramount deity of Mt Ravata. (Times of India, 1935). jaina sAhitya meM anArya bhUmi ke ArdrakumAra kA varNana AtA hai jisane zreNika putra abhayakumAra kI preraNA se pratibodha pAkara bhagavAna mahAvIra se dIkSA lI thii| prazna uThatA hai ki yaha Ardra deza kahA~ para hai ? maisopoTAmiyA ketIna bhAga the asIriyA yA asura, kiza aura dakSiNI bhAga jisakI rAjadhAnI erja thI / bAda meM ye tInoM kSetra milakara bebIlona bana gaye / erdha nagara eka samRddhazAlI pramukha bandaragAha thA / jahA~ se bhArata ke sAtha sIdhA jalamArga kA sambandha thA / kAlAntara meM nadI ke kaTAva ke kAraNa bandaragAha bhara gayA aura isakA mahatva kama hotA gayA / 600 I. pUrva bebIlona kA samrATa nebUcandra nejara thA jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samakAlIna thA, yaha bahuta hI zaktizAlI thA / usane aneka dezoM ko jItA thA / maigasthanIja ne isake viSaya meM likhA - Nebuchad Nazzer King of Babylonia surpassed Herakles in courage and the greatness of his achievements. isakA banA Hanging garden vizva prasiddha hai| usake dvArA nirmita

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 53 mahala advitIya thA jahA~ sikandara ne bhI nivAsa kiyA thA / usa samaya yaha rAjya edhya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA bebIlona ke nAma se nahI / kyoMki bhArata ke bAhara usa samaya nebUcandra nejara se zaktizAlI anya kisI kA rAjya nahI thA ata: magadhAdhipati zreNikake putra abhaya kumAra ne bheTa svarUpa airdha rAjakumAra ko jina pratimA bhejI thI jisase pratibodha pAkara Ardra rAjakumAra bhArata aayaa| putra kI khoja meM nebucandranejara svayaM bhArata saurASTra ke rAste se AyA aura usane giranAra kI yAtrA kI / isa sandarbha meM Ardra deza aura Ardra rAjakumAra ke viSaya meM jaina sAhityika srotoM dvArA jo pramANa upalabdha hai una para khoja kI jAnI cAhie | Records shows that Mahavira had travelled extensively in India as far as south to Krishna river valley and had influenced with the religious Gospel not only various Kingdoms within India but also persian King Karusa and Prince Adreka Dr. Bhuvendra Kumar. sAyarasa ke zilAlekhoM se yaha pramANa milatA hai ki bebIlona meM marduka kI pUjA tathA bali kI prathA nebUcandra nejara ne banda karAyI thI / prArambha meM yaha marTuka kA bhakta thA parantu bAda meM jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA / isane nau phuTa U~cI va nau phuTa caur3I svarNa pratimA banavAyI tathA usake samIpa siMha tathA sarpa bimba banavAyA thA / Aja isa mandira ke TUTe phUTe TukaDe barlina aura Constantipole ke myUjiyamoM meM surakSita haiM / isakA jo bhAga abhI bhI vahA~ maujUda hai usa para vRSabha, gaiMDA, suara, sA~pa, siMha, bAja ityAdi khude hue dikhAyI dete haiM / jo jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke pratIka cinha yA lAMchana haiN| vRSabha kA RSabhadeva, gaiDA zreyAMsa nAtha kA, suara vimalanAtha kA, bAja ananta nAtha kA, sA~pa pArzvanAtha kA, aura siMha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pratIka hai| tIrthaMkaro ke lAMchana yA pratIka pahale dIvAroM, stambhoM, Adi para banAye jAte the / kAlAntara meM jaba ina mUrtiyoM kI anyamatAnusAra pUjA hone lagI, taba ye pratIka mUrtiyoM ke nIce cihnita kiye jAne lage / bebIlona kA bAja mandira caudahaveM tIrthaMkara ananta nAtha kA honA cAhiye kyoMki bAja caudahaveM tIrthaMkara ananta nAtha kA cinha hai evaM bAja mandira kI mUrtiyA~ anya I

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54 jainatva jAgaraNa... kisI dharma se sambandhita nahIM ho sakatI / mArzala ke anusAra jaina sthala takSazilA kA stUpa jisako itihAsakAra 'do siroMvAlA bAja mandira' 'Shrine of the double Headed Eagle' kahate haiM, bebIlona ke prAcIna bAja pratIka se mela khAtA hai / "If the comparison drawn by Marshall between the edifice and those occuring on Jain Ayag patt from Mathura has any real significance, the eagle here may be recognised as either a formalised congnisance of the fourteenth Tirthankar Anantnatha..." (P.C. Dasgupta). itihAsakAra IsA pUrva 3000 varSo se bhArata aura bebIlona ke sambandhoM ko mAnate haiM | Indian Merchants establish Colonies in ur, Kish and Aprachiya...(S.R. Rao, Dawn and Devolution of Indus Valley civilisation Pg. 15) maigasthanIja, eriyana, TolamI Adi ke varNanoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata nirgrantha dharma ke kendra sthala thA / ataH dakSiNa bhArata aura bebIlona kA sambandha donoM saMskRtiyoM kI samAnatA kA pratIka kahA jA sakatA hai / The excavation of Ur dating back 7th and 6th century B.C. revealed Amazonite beeds which could only come from Nilgiri Hills of South India. It appears that the relations between Babylone and the coast of India were intimate from the earliest time. mistra kI prAcIna hIrolipika sumeriyana phiniziyana tathA yUnAnI lipi kI bhAratIya brAhmI lipi se samAnatA hai / DaoN. bulara Adi aneka lekhakoM kI bhrama mUlaka dhAraNAoM ko khaMDita kara rAyabahAdura paM. gaurIzaMkara ojhA ne brAhmI lipI ko sabase prAcIna siddha kiyA hai / jaina sAhitya meM brAhmI lipi ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki zrI RSabhadeva ne apanI putrI brAhmI ko dAhine hAtha se jo 18 lipiyA~ sikhAI thI unameM prathama brAhmI lipi thI / I smAraka aura sAhitya paramparA kA dhanI : jainadharma popa ke pustakAlaya ke eka Latin Alekha se jisakA hAla hI meM anuvAda huA hai, jisase patA calatA hai ki digambara bhAratIya dArzanika nirgrathoM

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... kI eka bahuta bar3I saMkhyA ithopiyA ke vanoM meM rahatI thI aura aneka yUnAnI vidvAn vahIM jAkara unake darzana karate the aura unase zikSA lete the| jimbAve ke mandiroM ke avazeSoM ke viSaya meM bhI yaha kahA jAtA hai ki ye prAcInakAla meM bhAratIyoM dvArA nirmita kiye gaye the / "There are some who say that it was Indians and not the Arabs, Phoenicians of Africans who built there stone walls and temples. The ruin of which remain one of the mystries of Zimbabwe." - G. M. Sarah. - 'The people of South Africa' (Pg. 223) ye bhAratIya kauna the ? ye sarva vidita hai ki mUrti kalA ke utkRSTa namUne jainiyoM dvArA nirmita kiye gaye / zrI aSTApada kailAza (hAla kI khojoM se vahA~ mandira hone ke pramANa mile haiM / aura jinakA varNana sirpha jaina sAhitya meM hI milatA hai / ) zrIzilpakalA ke pratIka mAne jAte hai tathA isa bAta ke dyotaka hai ki mUrtikalA kA prArambha sabase pUrva jainadharmAnuyAyioM dvArA huA thA / svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA hai / ____ bhArata meM aba taka prApta sikkoM meM lIDiyA deza ke sone aura cA~dase mizrita zveta dhAtu ke sikke sabase prAcIna hai| paMjAba ke sindhu nadI ke pazcimI taTa para lIDiyA ke rAjA krIsasa kA sone kA eka sikkA milaa| isa sikke meM eka aura vRSabha aura eka siMha kA muha banA hai dUsarI ora eka choTA aura eka bar3A paMcamArka cinha aMkita hai| ukta sikke meM aMkita vRSabha aura siMha kA sambandha bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura bhagavAna mahAvIra se hai / isake atirikta vahA~ se prApta tA~be ke sikko meM se eka meM azva kA aMkana hai jo bhagavAna saMbhavanAtha kA pratIka hai, dUsare meM hAthI kA aMkana hai jo tIrthaMkara ajItanAtha kA cinha hai| raipsana ke Notes on Indian coins and seals meM yUnAnI rAjAoM ke sikkoM kA jo vivaraNa diyA hai usase spaSTa hotA hai ki yUnAna ke aneka rAjAoM para jaina dharma kA prabhAva thA / (Journal of Royal Asiastic Society 1900-5). __yaha sarvavidita hai ki jaina dharma ke 24 tIrthaMkaro ke pratIkoM kI sAMskRtika dhArmika paramparA ke mahattva ke darzana sudUravartI dezoM meM milate

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jAgaraNa..... haiM / ye lAMchana kI paramparA prAgaitihAsika kAla se calI A rahI hai / vizva kI sabhI prAcIna sabhyatAoM meM ina pratIkoM kA atyadhika mahattva rahA hai jo Aegean Isle se aphrIkA ke registAna taka phailI thii| ___J.H.Q. vol. 11, pg. 293 meM varNana hai ki A Naked Shraman Acharya went to Greece as his samadhi spot was found marked at Athens. yaha maigasthanIja dvArA vaNita jaina AcArya ke yUnAna jAne ke vivaraNa se milatA hai| bukhArA meM kalyANa masjida hai jise kalyANa muni ke ziSyoM ne islAma ke pUrva nirmita kiyA thA jise bAda meM masjida meM parivartita kara diyA gyaa| yUnAna ke tattva jJAna para jaina tattva jJAna kA spaSTa prabhAva dekhA gayA hai mahAn yUnAnI dArzanika pIroM ne jaina zramaNoM ke pAsa rahakara tattva jJAna sIkhA / phira yUnAna lauTakara elisa nagara meM eka nayI yUnAnI darzana paddhati kI sthApanA kI jisake anusAra vAstavika jJAna kI prApti antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi dvArA hI sambhava hai| bhArata se lauTane ke bAda pIro digambara rahatA thA / usakA jIvana itanA sarala aura saMyamI thA ki yUnAnI use bar3I bhakti aura zraddhA se dekhate the / yUnAna meM 600 I. pU. kI prApta digambara mUrti jise yUnAnI kurosa yA apolo devatA kI mUrti kahate haiM jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI mUrti ke samAna hai| pAithAgorasa Adi kI dhArmika mAnyatAyeM evaM AtmA sambandhI dhAraNAyeM yUnAnI dharma para jaina darzana kI amiTa chApa hai| mathurA atyanta prAcIna jaina tIrtha sthala thA vahA~ se prApta prAcIna stupa tathA mUrtiyA~ isa bAta kI sAkSI haiM / vahA~ ke deva nirmita stUpa ke viSaya meM - Museum report meM likhA hai - "The Stupa was so ancient that at the time when the inscription was inscribed its original had been forgen on the evidence of its character. The date of the inscription may be referred with certainty to the indo scythian era and is equivalent to A.D. 150: The stupa must therefore have been built several centuries before the begining of the Christian era. prAcIna dhArmika kendra ke tathA 'IzvarIya sthala' ke rUpa meM mathurA se prAcIna grIkavAsI bhI paricita the / To the

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 57 www ~ faithful the Devanirmit stupa or stupas of Mathura evidently appeared resplendent with Purilty. In this connection it may be remembered that the greeks in antiquity knew the city as Madoura ton the on Mathura of Gods (J.J. October 1981, pg. 53) jaina zramaNoM ke prabhAva se yahUdiyoM meM 200 I.pU. eka essInI nAmaka sampradAya kI sthApanA huI jo ahiMsA ke siddhAnta para calate the| IsAmasIha ke samaya inakI saMkhyA atyAdhika thI / yUnAnI lekhaka sTrebo ke anusAra aphalAtuna jaise dArzanika aura vijJAnavettA unake darzana karane aura unase upadeza lene ke liye Ate the mejara phalga ne apanI kRti Science of Compartitive religion meM likhA hai ki 330 I. pU. arastU ke varNanoM se patA calatA hai ki kAle sIriyA ke nivAsI yahUdI tattvajJAnI the jo ikSvAku vaMzIya the tathA judiyA meM rahane ke kAraNa yahUdI kahalAte the / vizambhara nAtha pAMDeya ke anusAra ina yahUdiyo ke Upara jaina sAdhuoM ke tyAga kA prabhAva vizeSa rupa se par3A tathA una AdarzoM kA pAlana karane vAloM kI yahUdiyoM meM se eka khAsa jAti bana gayI jo essinI kahalAte the / inhIM essinI logoM ke darzana kA prabhAva pahale IsAI tatpazcAt islAma para par3A thaa| __Major Furlong's, declaration in his 'Science of Comparative Religion' "After understanding Arisotelian version, it appears that before 330 B.C., a race of darskinned jewish inhabitants lived, who were spiritually inclined and belonged to the dynasty of lkshavaku. Because they belonged to a place called Judah, they were identified as Yahudi" (Jewish). According to Vishambher Nath Panday, these Jews were highly impressed by the discipline of detachment maintained by Jain monks and in order to study this art, they formed a special school of Jews known as Essenese" IsAI dharma meM maThoM aura mahantoM kI prathA bhI inase hI lI gayI hai| yahUdiyo ke dhArmika granthoM meM RSabhadeva kA varNana milatA hai /

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stra GIMTU..... In 200 B. C., under the influence of Jain Shramans, the Jews formed a civilized race called Essenese, who believed in teachings of "Ahimsa.' These followers of Essenese subsently believed in teachings of 'Ahimsa.' These followers of Essenese subsequently shaped the initial foresight of the Christian and Islamic religion H. Spencer Lewis observes "In recent years the dead sea scrolls have confirmed the authors references to the essenese and their secret teachings which preceded Christianity." he understands that during the time of Jesus Christ, they had a very large following. According to Strabrow, the Greek writer, "many advanced philosophers like Socrates and other religious leaders, would often come there to offer their respects and seek advice from them." Historian, Yusuf, is of the opinion that philosophers, like Pythagoras and Stoic gained their True Knowledge of wisdom from them. The establishment of Church with it religious order of clergy was the result of these followings. 8800 s. yo # fe2154 155139 37 Ram say II wo ala a tifa ke sabase prAcIna likhita dastAveja mile haiN| isameM saMdhi kI zartoM ke sAtha hiTAiTa dani3ii a 14 FEHTE 29969 al 19 ft From the closing sentence of the treaty which Rameses II concluded with the Kheta (Hittites), it even seems that Reshab and Anat was worshipped in many towns in the Hittites Kingdom." cfaela lekhaka yusupha ke anusAra yunAna ke pAithAgorasa aura sToika dArzanikoM ne apane aneka siddhAnta inhIM se sIkhe the / IsAI dharma meM maThoM aura mahantoM kI prabhA bhI inase hI lI gayI hai| yahUdiyoM ke dhArmika granthoM meM RSabhadeva da qufa fucian Some old testamen passages Indicate.. Among the pre Israelitish inhabitants of the these Anakites were identical with or closely related to the Rephain or

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... Rephaites (History of Israel pg. 7). IsA masIha ke viSaya meM bhI yaha kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne bhArata kI yAtrA kI thI / ve yahA~ nirgrantha muniyoM ke viSaya meM sunakara hI bhArata Aye the aura yahA~ unake pAsa rahakara unase jJAna prApta kiyA thA / zrI jinezvara dAsa jaina ne likhA hai "It has been reported by a few historians that Lord Jesus visited desert of India... Lord Christ must have heard about the popularity and miracles of naked Jain Monks in Greece. Hence he decided to come to Rajasthan to meet such naked sadhus and know more about them and their way of living and their religious philosophy. Lord Christ must have been profoundly impressed by their strict austerities and then he decided to remain naked when he reached back to his country. Probably his naked way of life must have been vehemently opposed by the Roman Kinfa and rulers. Otherwise there could be no other reason for one of the greatest saints of that period to meet an opposition leading to such end results. This view is supported by many photograph of his crucification that his whole body is shown naked, a cloth is put around his waist." yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki IsA baca gaye the aura bhArata meM kazmIra meM Aye jahA~ unakI samAdhi kA ullekha milatA hai| _ bhArata varSa se aneka jaina yAtrI vyApAra karane TarkI jAte the| madhya eziyA aura jaina dharma masIhasUlI se jindA / unake hastalikhita vivaraNa bhArata ke aneka zAstra bhaNDAroM meM surakSita hai / ThAkura bulAkhI dAsa ne zAhajahA~ ke samaya 1683 I. meM apanI turkistAna kI yAtrA kA vivaraNa likhA hai jo dillI ke eka jaina hastalikhita zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| yaha rAjasthAnI bhASA meM hai isake anusAra istambola nagara se 570 kosa dUrI para tArambola nAmaka eka bar3A nagara hai / aneka muni samudAya usa samaya vahA~ vidyamAna the / zrIyuta ena sI mahetA ne sTaDIja ina iMDiyana pemTiMga nAmaka pustaka meM eka

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60 jainatva jAgaraNa.... jarmana pustaka ke AdhAra para likhA hai ki purkistAna meM jo prAcIna citra milate haiM unameM jaina dharma sambandhI aneka ghaTanAyaM bhI citrita haiM / (C. J. Shah Jainism in Northern India, 1932, Pg. 199) Tokiyo vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara nAkAmurA ko cInI bhASA meM eka jaina sUtra milA hai jo isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki zatAbdiyoM pahale cIna meM jaina dharma pracalita thA / sara viliyama jonsa ke anusAra cInI loga apanI utpatti bhArata se batalAte haiN| prophesara lekenaperi cIna zabda kI utpatti bhArata se huI batalAte haiM / Ancient Chinese Tradition nAmaka grantha meM yaha varNana hai ki I.pU. 3000 meM bhAratIya vyApAriyoM kA eka dala cIna meM gayA thA usane vahA~ apane upaniveza basAye the / lAmacIdAsa jaina jo golAlAre jAti ke the unhoMne bhUTAna hote hue cIna Adi dezoM ke jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI thii| unhoMne yaha yAtrA 18 varSa meM pUrI kI thii| apane vivaraNoM meM vahA~ ke jaina mandiroM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| * unake anusAra pekiMga zahara meM tunAvAre jAti ke jainiyoM ke 300 mandira the / ina mandiroM meM kAyotsarga mudrA evaM padmAsana mudrA meM mUrtiyoM thI / vahA~ ke jainiyoM ke pAsa jo Agama grantha haiM vaha cIna kI lipi meM * tAtAra deza meM pAtake aura ghagheravAla jAti ke jainI hai| yahA~ kI pratimAe~ samavasaraNa meM dezanA kI sUcaka haiN| * tibbata deza meM vAdhAnAre tathA bhAvare aura sohanA jAti ke jaina nivAsa karate haiM / yahA~ cyavana kalyANaka kI pUjA karate haiM tibbata meM 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt hI bauddhadharma gayA thA / prApta prAcIna citra tathA peTiMgsa disambara muniyoM kI haiM parantu jinheM bhrama-vaza bauddhoM kI mAna liyA gayA hai| jaba ki bauddhoM meM nagna pratimAe~ nahIM hotii| "The four monastries... their special marks... these paintings represent Buddhist saints often nude and in a standing position." (Hustory of Western Tibet - A. H. Frenche.) karnala jemsa TADa ke anusAra Nemunatha the 22nd of the Jinas and whose infunc, Tod

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 61 believed has extended into China and Scandinavia where he as worshipped under the names of Fo and Odin respectively. bhUmadhya dezoM meM bhAratIyoM ko sabase purAnA prApta avazeSa zramaNI kI mUrti hai jisake bAyeM kandhe para cAdara laTaka rahI hai ! IsA 1200 kI eka kA~se kI RSabha kI mUrti alAsiyA sAiprasa meM milI hai RSabhadeva kI mUrtiyA~ malAziyA meM, isabukapura meM aura hiTTI devatAoM meM pramukha devatAoM ke rUpa meM milI haiM / RSabhadeva va kucha anya tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM dUsare dezoM meM bhI milatI hai / phrAMsa ke perisa myUz2iyama meM eka sundara kalAkRti kI zrI RSabhadeva kI pratimA rakhI huI hai ye pratimA mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI prAcIna mUrtiyoM ke samAna hai / I 1 madhya eziyA ke yAskara nagara se 20 mIla dakSiNa meM kugiyara nAmaka sthAna meM kAgaja meM likhe hue sabase purAne bhAratIya lipi ke cAra grantha mile haiM / jisakA samaya DA. hArnala ne I. pU. cauthI zatAbdI nizcita kiyA hai / DA. sTena ko khotAna pradeza meM eka purAnA grantha milA hai jisakA nAma saMyuktAgama hai / jaisA ki Agama nAma se vidita hotA ki yaha nizcita hI jaina grantha hai | rUsa ke ajarabejAna (jo Aja eka pRthak deza bana cukA hai) kI rAjadhAnI bAkU meM eka maMdira (khAma ognyA) Aja bhI saMrakSita smAraka ke rUpa meM hai / isa maMdira ke andara vibhinna solaha guphAnusA kakSoM meM mUrtiyoM hai / ina mUrtiyoM ko dekhane se hI inakI sajIvatA kA anumAna hotA hai / inameM se kucha mUrtiyoM tapasviyoM kI upavAsa kI mudrA meM hai / yaha nizcita rUpa se bhagavAna AdinAtha ziva arthAt RSabhadeva kA maMdira hai / ( ajarabejAna kA ziva maMdira DA. kAzIrAma upAdhyAya) maMgoliyA meM saiMkaDo bihAra hai jinameM gANDaDU : pramukha bihAroM meM hai / isa bihAra kA dvAra zaMkha, cakra aura mIna ke citroM se sajA hai / tathA do siMha bane haiM / mukhya dvAra para dharma cakra aura mRga haiM / isase spaSTa hai ki yaha bihAra pahale jaina kendra thA / zaMkha, cakra, mIna, siMha, mRga Adi jaina pratIka hai, bauddha nahIM / jaba bhArata meM hI itihAsakAroM ne aisI bhUla kI hai to videzoM meM yaha eka sAmAnya bAta hai / isI mandira kA tIsarA

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62 jainatva jAgaraNa..... bhavana candana jIvoM bhavana hai jisakA artha candana ke prabhu hai / isake chatra para dharma cakra banA hai| yahA~ ke pustakAlaya meM sthita paTala kA vastra navaratnoM se kar3hA hai| jisake madhya meM svastika aura cAroM Ara aSTamAMgalika cinha hai jo kevala jaina paramparA meM prApta hote haiM / islAma dharma kA Adya janaka jaina dharma nAbhi rAjA tathA RSabhadeva kI mAnyatA kA pramANa islAma meM bhI milate haiM / musalamAnoM ne unheM Izvara kA dUta rasUla nabI paigambara mAnA hai jo nAbhi kA hI rUpAntara hai| hajarata mohammada se pUrva isa pUre kSetra meM jaina tIrthaMkaro kI upAsanA pracalita thii| ati prAcInakAla se musalamAnoM kA pavitra dhArmika sthala makkA atyanta prasiddha dhArmika kSetra mAnA jAtA thA jahA~ pUre vizva se loga darzanArtha Ate the / However no temple had the fame of the kaaba whose, Pre eminence was universally admitted by ke zabdoM meM A very high antiquity must be assigned to the main features of the religion of Mecca.. Diodorus, Secules, writing about half a century before our era, says of Arabia washed by the Red sea, there is in this country a temple greatly revered by the Arabs, These words must refer to the Holy house of Mecca, for we know of no other whichever commanded such universal homage... Tradition represents the Kabah a from time immemorial the scene of pilgrimage from all quarters of Arabia, from yeman and the Hadhrmaut, From the stores of persian Gulf, the desert of Syria and the distant environe of Hira and Mesopotamian men nearly flocked to Mecca, So extensive homage must have had its beginning in an extremely remote age. makkA ke prAcIna nAma se bhI usake prAcIna upAsanA sthala hone meM koI sandeha nahI rahatA Most Intersting is the Ancient name of Maca Macorabi.' The name is derived from 'Caraba' which in Baylonian means worship, bless, Pray (History of Arab). islAma dharma kA Arambha 7vIM zatAbdI meM hajarata mohammada sAhaba ke dvArA haA / kAbA jo jaina dharma

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 63 kA mahAna tIrtha mAnA jAtA thA / vahA~ para tIrthaMkaroM kI 360 mUrtiyA~ sthApita thI / aisI mAnyatA hai ki yahA~ para jo RSabhadeva kI mUrti thI vaha sIriyA se lAyI gayI thI / ina 360 mUrtiyoM ko mohammada sAhaba ne khaMDita kara cakanAcUra kara diyA thA | When order had been restored in the city Mohammed himself at the temple. He went round the Kaaba seven times on his camel each time touching the sacred stone with his staff, and then broke in pieces the idols 360 in number which were place round round the sanctuary. All this he had the doors of the temple thrown open cleans the house of the lord from all images. (Historians History of Arabs). kAbA ke mahattva kA kurAna meM bhI varNana hai / ise Izvara kA prathama ghara kahA gayA hai / brAhmaNa purANoM evaM jaina sAhitya ke anusAra nAbhi rAjA tathA Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke samaya ayodhyA nagarI kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA | Aja jitane bhI aitihAsika pramANa kAbA kI prAcInatA ke milate haiM isase kyA yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki makkA hI prAcInatama ayodhyA nagariyoM meM se hai ? The Kaba is stated in the Quran to be the first house (of divine worship) appointed by blen. In one place it is called At... Baital ... Aliq (Ancient House )... All Available historical evidence uphold this claim. (The Religion of Islam by Maulana Muhammed All pg. 383) islAma meM makkA kI tIrtha yAtrA jise haja yAtrA kahate hai / ye paramparA prAcIna Adi parasparA kI dena hai / prAya: yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki pratyeka dharma apane pUrva cale Ane vAle dharma yA paramparAoM se kucha avazya letA hai isa paripekSya meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki yaha haja yAtrA kI paramparA jaina dharma kI cha'rI pAlita tIrthayAtrA kI paramparA se lI gayI hai / This pilgrimage was borrowed from the ancient religion with all the ceremonies which accompan it, although they have been modified in some respects and received touch of Islamism.

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64 jainatva jAgaraNa..... jaina AmnAya tIrtha-yAtrA paramparA Adi kAlIna hai / jisake pramANa jaina sAhitya meM hameM bharapUra milate haiM / Aja bhI yaha paramparA usI rUpa meM dekhane ko milatI hai / yaha jaina dharma kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai tathA usakA prAcInatA kA pratIka bhI / isI yAtrA meM jaina zrAvakoM dvArA jina vratoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai aura jina niyamoM kA anusaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, ThIka vahI niyamoM tathA vratoM kA pAlana haja yAtrA meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai| haja yAtrI vaise hI vastra pahanate haiM jaise ki jaina sAdhu yA muni pahanate haiM kurAna ke 46veM adhyAya meM jina sampradAya kA varNana AtA hai jisameM mohammada sAhaba ke unake milane kA varNana hai / makkA ke itihAsa meM likhA hai ki nagna sAdhu varSa meM eka yA do bAra avazya makkA kI yAtrA karane Ate the| cArlsa baraTilasa ne apanI kitAba 'Mysteries from forgotton world' meM uttarI amerikA kI khoja yAtrA ke viSaya meM likhA hai jisameM cInI yAtriyoM ke maiksikoM jAne kA varNana hai / tathA unhoMne apane lekhoM meM vahA~ kI citrakalA meM kamala aura svastika Adi pratIkoM kA varNana kiyA hai| maiksikoM se prApta kAyotsarga digambara mUrti, stUpa tathA mAyA aura ejaTeka sabhyatA ke avazeSoM meM jo mUrtiyA~ tathA pratIka cinha mile haiM usakI sAdRzyatA Azcaryajanaka rUpa se jaina tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyoM tathA unake pratIko se hai| isa sandarbha meM vizeSa khoja kI jAnI caahie| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki jaina dharma sirpha bhArata meM hI nahIM pUre vizva meM phailA huA thaa| isakA prabhAva vizva kI sabhI saMskRtiyoM para kisI na kisI rUpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna dekhA jA sakatA hai sirpha AvazyakatA hai vahA~ ke prAcIna itihAsa ke gaveSaNA kI / Aja jo khoje ho rahI haiM aurajo itihAsakAra inako kara rahe haiM durbhAgyavaza vo jaina dharma se aparicita haiM / adhikAMza videzI itihAsakAra ajJAnavaza jaina dharma ko bauddha dharma ke rUpa meM mAna lete haiM jisake aneka pramANa upalabdha haiN| ye videzI itihAsakAra to anajAna the lekina bhAratIya itihAsakAra pUrvAgrahI the inhoMne bhAratIya hote huye bhI bhArata kI mUla saMskRti ko anadekhA kiyA / Arya jAti kI zreSThatA sthApita karane meM vilupta ho rahI prAcInatama sAMskRtika dharoharoM ko phira

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... se gahana zodha aura adhyayana dvArA sahI rUpa meM sAmane lAne kI AvazyakatA hai / Aja bhI jo sabase prAcIna likhita zilAlekhIya pramANa bhArata meM milatA hai, vaha jaina dharma se sambaMdhita hai kA hai, ajamera meM var3alI ke pAsa / 65 jaina dharma na kevala bhArata kA varan vizva kA prAcInatama AdhyAtmika dharma hai isakI prAcInatA ke sambandha meM kAphI pramANa diye jA cuke hai / vAstava meM jaina dharma vizva kI Adi sabhyatA kA strota hai aura bhArata kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA eka aisA aMga hai jise nikAla dene se hamArI saMskRti kA rUpa ekAMgI aura vikRta raha jAyegA / yaha nirvivAda hai ki yaha dharma nA to vizva ke kisI dharma ke virodha meM prArambha huA nA hI kisI kA rUpAntara hai yaha Arhat-saMskRti adhyAtma pradhAna hai tathA vizva ko bhArata kI dena hai / jo prAgvaidika kAla se vizva ne apanAyI tathA vizva ke saba dezoM meM isakA pracAra huA, yahA~ taka ki vedoM, smRtiyoM, purANoM aura upaniSadoM meM bhI isa saMskRti ko sarvocca sthAna milA / 7vI zatAbdI taka Arhat saMskRti sAre vizva meM phailI raho / kavi sUradAsa jI ke zabdoM meM bahuri risama bar3e jaba bhaye nAbhi rAja devanako gaye / risabha rAja parajA sukha pAyo jasa tAko saba jaga meM chAyo // logassa ujjoagare, dhammatitthayare jiNe / arihaMte kittaissaM, cauvIsaMpi kevalI // 1 // isa loka meM sthita sampUrNa vastuoM ke tattvajJAna kA yathArtharUpa batAkara tInoM lokoM ko prakAzita karane vAle, dharma rUpI tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAle, rAga, dveSa Adi kaSAyoM ko jItane vAle, tInoM lokoM meM pUjya aise caubIsa kevalajJAnI tIrthaMkaroM ko maiM vandanA karatA hU~ / ye caubIsa tIrthaMkara haiM usabhamajiaM ca vaMde, saMbhavamabhiNaMdaNaM ca sumaI ca / paumappahaM, supAsaM, jiNaM ca caMdappahaM vaMde // 2 //

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... suvihiM ca pupphadaMtaM, sIala-sijjaMsa vAsupujjaM ca / vimalamaNaMtaM ca jiNaM, dhammaM saMti ca vaMdAmi // 3 // kuMthu araM ca malliM, vaMde muNisuvvayaM namijiNaM ca / vaMdAmi riTTanemi, pAsaM taha vaddhamANaM ca // 4 // tIrthaMkara paramparA ke Aja bhI itane pramANa milate haiM ki hama niHsaMdeha kaha sakate haiM ki yahI Adi paramparA, mAnava sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA mUla srota rahI thii| kAlAntara meM isI se nikalakara logoM ne alaga-alaga dhArmika mata calAye jo vibhinna dharma ke rUpa meM pracalita hue / una saba matoM kA AdhAra ye tIrthaMkara paramparA hI rahI / isa ucca koTi kI paramparA ko dhUmila karane kA prayAsa hajAroM varSoM se cala rahA hai / isI meM se pRthaka hue logoM ne apanI-apanI mAnyatAe~ sthApita karane ke uddezya se mUla ko naSTa karane kI ceSTA kI aura Aja bhI ye cala rahI hai| abhI hAla hI meM bhArata ke pAlitAnA tIrtha (saurASTra) meM kucha arAjaka jaina vidveSI logoM ne pahAr3a ke Upara gaNeza aura ziva kI AkRti ke patthara rakha diye aura jaina samAja ke do navayuvakoM ko agavA kara liyA tathA isa zarta para unako chor3A ki yahA para unakA maMdira banavAnA hogaa| isI prakAra giranAra tIrtha meM bhI dhIredhIre aisA hI kiyA jA rahA hai| isake pIche hajAroM varSoM se calI A rahI mAnasika saMkIrNatA aura dharma ke nAma para jehAda karane vAloM kA yaha kArya hai| yahA~ para pracalita aitihAsika mahApuruSoM ke caritroM ko apanI mAnyatAnusAra parivartita kara zUdra jAti (vAlmIki) ke bIca pracalita karavAkara samAja se naitikatA ko samApta karanA tathA prAcIna sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko parivartita karane kA duSpariNAma Aja samAja meM spaSTa dekhA jA rahA hai / jaina aitihAsika sAkSyoM ko naSTa karanA, maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ko naSTa tathA parivartita karanA, kSetra pUjA ko liMga pUjA meM badala denA Adi saikar3oM udAharaNa haiM jo pramANita karate haiM ki kisa taraha eka uccakoTi kI sAMskRtika paramparA ko naSTa evaM parivartita kiyA gayA aura Aja bhI kiyA jA rahA hai| isa viSaya meM DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI kA yaha vaktavya bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai jisameM unhoMne likhA hai ki- "Myths and legends of Gods and

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 67 heroes current among Austric and Dravidians long attending the period of Aryans advent in India (1500 B.C.) appeared to have been rendered in the Aryan Language in late and garbled or improved version according to themselves to Aryan Gods and heroes worlds and it is these myths and legends to Gods, sagas which we largely find in puranas. "AsTrika aura dravir3oM meM AryoM ke yahA~ Agamana ke pUrva (I. pU. 1500) devatAoM aura vIroM kI daMtakathAe~ pracalita thI / ye kathAe~ Arya bhASA meM bahuta samaya bAda AyI jinameM Arya devatAoM aura mAnyatAoM ke anusAra sudhAra yA parivartana huA aura ve AryoM ke devoM evaM vIroM ke rUpa meM badala gae / purANoM kI kathAeM bhI isI prakAra paidA huI / " isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vAstavikatA ke mUlyAMkana kelie nirapekSa dRSTi se brAhmaNa sAhitya kA gaveSaNApUrNa adhyayana karane kI AvazyakatA hai / itihAsakAra romilA thApara ne bhI isa viSaya para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai- "We are now finding evidence of Shaivite attacks on Jain temples, the destruction of temple, the removal of idols, the reimplanting of shaivite images in their place, this is a regular occurence.........Even temple were destroyed or Jain monuments were destroyed by Hindus pauticulurl by shaivites." __ yaha hamArA durbhAgya hai ki hamAre samAja meM zikhara para baiThe hue vyakti soye hue haiN| apane kartavyoM ke prati sajaga nahIM hai, saca kA sAmanA karane kI vIratA unameM nahIM rahI hai; sirpha apane svArtha ke mada meM A~kheM mUMde tamAzA dekhate haiM aura apanI jaya-jayakAra sunane kI lAlasA rakhate haiM / aba bhI agara nahIM cete to hamArI paramparAeM sirpha dhUmila hI nahIM hogI balki samApta ho jAegI aura hama dekhate, hAtha malate aura Apasa meM lar3ate raha jaaeNge| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoM kA sahI mUlyAMkana hama tabhI kara pAeMge jaba usako samyak rUpa se jAne aura usa para calane ke lie pratibaddha ho /

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jainatva jAgaraNa ....... tIrthakaroM ke prAmANika itihAsa para yaha zodha lekha dene kA pramukha kAraNa yahI hai ki hama apane prAcIna itihAsa se avagata ho aura hameM garva honA cAhie ki hamane eka aisI saMskRti meM janma liyA jo mAnava itihAsa evaM sabhyatA kI jananI kahI jA sakatI hai / kaise the ve loga ? kaisA thA unakA athAha AtmajJAna ? hama soca bhI nahIM pAte kyoMki hamArI dRSTi saMkucita hotI jA rahI hai / maiM mere meM hI ulajhakara apane taka hI sImita bana gae haiN| isa maiM - mere ko chor3akara sarvadarzI, dUradarzI bananA hogA, tabhI mAnava jAti kA utthAna saMbhava hogA / samarpita hai yaha kRti yaha prayAsa yaha jIvana, una tIrthaMkaroM ke prati jo hamAre parama Adarza haiM / 68 - caubIsa tIrthaMkara purAsAkSyoM evaM aitihAsika pariprekSya meM Aja se lagabhaga pandraha varSa pUrva jApAna ke eka vidvAna sujuko ohiro kA eka lekha par3hane meM AyA jisameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke astittva para prazna cinha lagAyA gayA thA / unake kahane kA sAra yaha thA ki ina caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke alAvA koI vAstavikatA nahIM hai / ye Aja ke pracalita hindU dharma ke caubIsa avatAroM tathA bauddha dharma ke caubIsa buddhoM kA sarAsara anukaraNa hai / durbhAgyavaza jaina samAja kucha pratiSThita loga bhI ina bIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke astitva ko lekara asamaMjasa meM hai / isa viSaya para adhyayana karake upalabdha sAhityika, purAtAttvika aura prAcIna paramparAoM ke AdhAra para kucha niSkarSa nikAle haiM jinheM Apake samakSa rakhA jA rahA hai / I T tIrthaMkaroM kI aitihAsikatA kI khoja karane se pUrva tIrthaMkaroM ke viSaya meM jAnanA Avazyaka hai / ye tIrthaMkara zabda kahA~ se AyA, isakA artha kyA hai ? ye itanA mahattvapUrNa kyoM hai ? aura isakI vizeSatAe~ kyA hai ? sabase prAcIna calI A rahI paramparA 'samana' hai / vizva ke prAcIna itihAsa kA avalokana karane se sabhI prAcIna saMskRtiyoM meM samana paramparA milatI hai| 'samana' aura 'jina' zabda kA sabase prAcIna rUpa hameM sAiberiyA, maMgoliyA tathA cIna meM milatA hai / yaha uttarI aiziyA ke 'iveMka' bhASA kA zabda hai / maMgoliyana aura cInI bhASA meM 'jina' kA artha hai 'zuddha' / cIna meM

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 69 'samana' aura jina zabda kA pracalana adhika milatA hai / cInI bhASA meM 'samana' ko 'Wu' kahate haiM / 'Wu' kA sabase prathama varNana 1600 I.pU. meM Shang Dynasty ke zAsana meM milatA hai / bAda meM yahIM zabda cInI bauddha granthoM meM zramaNa ke rUpa meM likhA jAne lagA / yadyapi kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra sAiberiyana samana aura cInI Wu meM kucha antara hai lekina lekhaka Arthara velI ne likhA hai ki " Indeed the functions of the Chinese Wu were so like those of siberian and Tungus Shamans that it is Convenient......to use as a translation of Wu." isa prakAra yaha samana zabda zramaNa kA hI apabhraMza hai / mistra se IrAka, IrAna, TarkI, yUnAna, rUsa, cIna, maMgoliyA tathA dakSiNa pUrvI eziyA ke prAcIna dezoM kI Adi paramparA samana hI rahI hai / isI paramparA meM jina, arhata, arihaMta, vrAtya, nirgrantha, zramaNa aura tIrthaMkara hote haiM / 1. jina isa zramaNa paramparA ke pratiSThApaka jitendriya hone ke kAraNa jina kahalAte haiM / 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. arhat samasta pUjya guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa arhat nAma se abhihita, vAtarazanA nirantara yogapUrvaka sadAcarama ke mArga para Arur3ha hone ke kAraNa vAtarazanA. vrAtya - vratapUrvaka sadAcaraNa ke mArga para ArUr3ha hone ke kAraNa vrAtya, nirgrantha samasta aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga se mukta hone se nirgrantha. samana - sampUrNa samatva ke sAdhaka aura udghoSaka hone ke kAraNa samana. svecchA evaM zramapUrvaka tapa, tyAga, saMyama kA mArga apanAne ke kAraNa zramaNa.. zramaNa tIrthaMkara - saMsAra ko duHkharUpa jAna aura mAnakara usase pAra hone ke lie dharmarUpI tIrtha kA prArambha karane ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara. arihaMta - rAgadveSa rUpI AMtarika zatruoM para vijaya pArane ke kAraNa arihaMta. - - -

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70 jainatva jAgaraNa.... - 10. arahaMta - saba bhava bIjAMkura kSINa karane ke kAraNa arahaMta. 11. sarvajJa - cAra ghAtiya karma ko kSaya karake kevalajJAna, kevala darzana prApta karane ke kAraNa vItarAga sarvajJa kahalAte hai| tIrthaMkaroM meM ye sabhI guNa hote haiM / vartamAna itihAsakAroM ne zramaNoM kI kucha sAmAnya vizeSatAeM batAyI hai / jo prAcIna zramaNa dharma kI bhI vizeSatAe~ hai (1) AtmA kA astitva. (2) mUrtipUjA (3) karma siddhAnta (4) saMsAra ananta aura anAdi (5) acelakatA saba manuSya vrAtya, nirgrantha, jina, aura buddha ho sakate haiM lekina tIrthaMkaroM kI eka vizeSatA unheM ina sabase alaga karatI hai / yadyapi kevalajJAna sabhI ko hotA hai lekina tIrthaMkara ve hote haiM jo kevalajJAna prApta karane ke bAda sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA caturvidha saMgha rUpI tIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiM / jabaki jina, buddha, nirgrantha, vrAtya Adi kevalajJAna to prApta karate haiM lekina caturvidha saMgha rUpI tIrtha kI sthApanA nahIM karate / prAcIna kAla meM isa caturvidha saMgha ko hI tIrtha kahA jAtA thA aura isa tIrthaM ke saMsthApaka tIrthaMkara kahalAte the| ___ kevalI aura tIrthaMkara donoM meM jJAna kI samAnatA rahatI hai| parantu eka antara unheM alaga rakhatA hai| tIrthaMkara sva-kalyANa ke bAda para-kalyANa ke lie tatpara rahate haiM / ve tInoM lokoM ke uddhAraka hote haiN| unakA bala, vIrya janma se hI ananta hotA hai / kathA sAhitya meM navajAta zizu mahAvIra dvArA caraNa aMguSTha se meru parvata ko kaMpita karane kA AkhyAna prApta hotA hai| eka pramukha vizeSatA jo tIrthaMkaroM meM hotI hai vaha unakA janma kSatriyakula meM honA / jaina darzana meM jAtivAda kA koI sthAna nahIM hai taba aisA kyoM mAnA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kA janma kSatriya kula meM hogA? brAhmaNa brahmacarya

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... satya-saMtoSa pradAna bhikSAjIvI hotA hai jabaki kSatriya ojasvI, tejasvI, parAkramazAlI evaM prabhAvazAlI hotA hai / dharma - zAsana ke saMcAlana aura rakSaNa meM yaha kSatriya vRttiyA~ honA Avazyaka hai / brAhmaNa kula kA vyakti tejasvI aura tyAgI nahIM hotA / isI lie RSabhadeva se mahAvIra taka sabhI tIrthaMkara kSatriyakula meM hue / tIrthaMkara apanI tapa- sAdhanA svayaM karate haiM kisI deva, dAnava yA mAnava kA sahArA nahIM lete haiM / jaba zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra se devendra ne Akara nivedana kiyA ki 'bhagavan Apa para bhayaMkara kaSTa aura upasarga Ane vAle hai ata: maiM ApakI sevA meM rahakara ina kaSToM ko dUra karanA cAhatA hU~ Apa aisI AjJA deM / ' uttara meM prabhu ne kahA 'he zakra ! svayaM dvArA bA~dhe hue karmoM ko svayaM hI bhoganA hotA hai dUsare kisI kI sahAyatA lene se karma ke phala ko bhogane kA samaya Age pIche ho jAtA hai lekina karma nahIM kaTate / ' tIrthaMkara svayaM hI karma kSaya kara arihaMta pada prApta karate haiM / saba vyakti samAna hai yAni sabakI AtmA eka hai, / AtmA eka hai isa siddhAnta ko svIkArate hue bhI tIrthaMkaroM kA janma kSatriya kula meM mAnA gayA kyoMki kSAtra teja vAlA zastrAstra sampanna vyakti hI rAjavaibhava ko sAhasapUrvaka tyAgakara aneka kaSToM aura bAdhAoM kA sAmanA kara ahiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana kara sakatA hai / apanI kaThora sAdhanA aura tapomaya jIvanacaryA se tIrthaMkaroM ne yaha dikhAyA ki pratyeka vyakti apane sAhasa aura puruSArtha se apane karmoM ko kSaya kara sakatA hai / karmoM ke azubha phala ko bhogate samaya bhI ghabarAkara bhAganA vIratA nahIM balki dhairya ke sAtha usakA sAmanA karanA aura apane zubha dhyAna se karmoM ko kATanA hI vIratva hai / 71 tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM kA varNana 'namotthuNaM' nAmaka prAcIna prAkRta stotra meM milatA haiM / isameM tIrthaMkara ko dharma kA prArambha karane vAlA, tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAlA, dharma kA pradAtA, dharma kA upadezaka, dharma kA netA, dharma mArga kA sArathI aura dharma cakravartI kahA gayA hai / tIrthaMkara kA kArya hai svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA aura loka maMgala ke lie satya mArga va samyag mArga kA pravartana karanA / ve dharma mArga ke upadiSTA aura dharma mArga para calane vAloM ke mArgadarzaka haiM / unake jIvana kA lakSya hotA hai svayaM

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jainatva jAgaraNa... ko saMsAra cakra se mukta karanA, AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko prApta karanA aura dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI isa mukti aura AdhyAtmika pUrNatA se lie prerita karanA aura unake sAdhanA meM dizA pradAna karanA / tIrthaMkaroM ko saMsAra samudra se pAra hone vAlA aura dUsaroM ko pAra karAne vAlA kahA gayA hai| ve puruSottama haiM, unheM siMha ke samAna zUravIra, puNDarIka kamala ke samAna vareNya aura gandhahastI ke samAna zreSTha mAnA gayA hai / ve loka ke uttama, loka ke nAtha, loka ke hitakartA, dIpaka ke samAna loka ko prakAzita karane vAle kahe gae haiN| 72 jaina sAhitya meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnyatA hai / prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jIvana caritra evaM unake pUrvaka bhavoM kA varNana eka AtmA ke paramAtmA banane kA udAharaNa hai / mAnava bhava ko durlabha mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki AtmA kI mukti manuSya bhava meM hI hotI hai / isIlie ye caubIsa tIrthaMkara koI devatA nahIM balki sAdhAraNa mAnava the / ve svayaM ke puruSArtha se mAnava se mahamAnava bane, puruSa se mahApuruSa bane / Mr. Neo Rating jo svayaM ko jaina kahalAnA pasanda karate the unhoMne apane lekha 'My decision for Jainism' meM likhA hai- Mahavira, of all religious teachers, I feel closest to him. He was human like my self and nothing morin the beginning. Age unhoMne likhA hai ki "Instead of God becomes man we see that in the person of Mahavira man becomes God." likhita rUpa meM sabase prAcIna sAhitya jo Aja mAnA jAtA hai ve veda haiN| vedoM kA jo rUpa hameM milatA hai vaha maulika nahIM hokara saMkalita veda haiM / ata: mUla veda usase bhI prAcIna rahe hoMge / saMkalita vedoM meM jo ullekha milate hai ve avazya hI una prAcIna maulika vedoM se liye gaye hoMge jo zruta meM cale A rahe the / vedoM aura purANoM Adi meM RSabha paramparA ke ullekha pracura rUpa se milate haiM / Rgveda ke gaveSaNAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para prasiddha vidvAn zrI sAgaramala jI ne 'arhat aura RSabhavAcI 1

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... RcAyeM' nAmaka lekha meM likhA hai "Rgveda meM na kevala sAmAnya rUpa se zramaNa paramparA aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina paramparA se sambandhita arhat, arihanta, vrAtya, vAtarasanAmuni, zramaNa Adi zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai apitu usameM arhat paramparA ke upAsya vRSabha kA bhI ullekha zatAdhika bAra milatA hai / mujhe Rgveda meM vRSabhavAcI 112 RcAe~ prApta hue hai / sambhavata: kucha aura RcAe~ bhI mila sakatI hai / " DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, pro. jimmara pro. vArDiyara Adi kucha jainetara vidvAna isa mata ke prativAdaka hai ki Rgveda meM jainoM ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se saMbaMdhita nirdeza upalabdha hote haiM / bauddha sAhitya ke dhammapada meM unheM (usabhaM paravaM vIra - 422 ) kahA gayA hai / 73 ata: yaha RSabha paramparA nizcita rUpa se vedoM se prAcIna hai / isalie yahIM Adi paramparA bhI hai / 1 DaoN. buddha prakAza ne apane grantha bhAratIya dharma evaM saMskRti meM likhA hai, "mahAbhArata meM viSNu ke sahastranAmoM meM zreyAMsa, ananta, dharma, zAnti aura sambhava Ate haiM aura ziva ke nAmoM meM RSabha, ajita, ananta aura dharma milate haiM | viSNu aura ziva donoM kA eka nAma subrata diyA gayA hai / ye saba nAma tIrthaMkaroM ke haiM / aisA lagatA hai ki mahAbhArata ke samanvayapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM tIrthaMkaroM ko viSNu aura ziva ke rUpa meM siddha kara dhArmika ekatA karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA thA / isase tIrthaMkaroM kI prAcIna paramparA siddha hotI hai / " jaina sAhityAnusAra evaM karnala jaimsa TaoNDa ne bhI khetI ke prArambha kartA RSabhadeva ko mAnA hai / TaoNDa ne apane grantha enalsa oNpha rAjasthAna meM likhA hai ki 'Arius Montanus' nAmaka mahAvidvAn ne likhA hai nUha kRSi karma se prasanna huA aura kahate haiM isa viSaya meM vaha sabase bar3ha gayA / isalie usI kI bhASA meM vaha iza Ada maTha arthAt bhUmi ke kAma meM lagA rahanevAlA puruSa kahalAyA / iza- Ada- maTha kA artha pRthvI kA pahalA svAmI hotA hai /

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74 jainatva jAgaraNa..... Age TaoNDa sAhaba kahate haiM "uparyukta padavI, prakRti, nivAsa sthAna jainiyoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha ke vRttAMta ke sAtha ThIka baiTha sakate haiM jinhoMne manuSyoM ko khetI bAr3I kA kAma aura anAja gAhane ke samaya bailoM ke muMha ko chIkI lagAnA sikhAyA !" kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandrAcArya ne RSabhadeva ko isa avasarpiNI kAla ke pahale rAjA, pahale tyAgImuni, aura pahale tIrthaMkara batAyA hai| unakI stuti karate hue unhoMne likhA hai AdimaM pRthivInAthaM AdimaM niSparigraham / AdimaM tIrthanAthaM ca RSabhasvAminaM stumaH // RSabhadeva karmabhUmi aura dharma ke Adya pravartaka hone ke kAraNa AdinAtha ke nAma se bhI jAne jAte haiN| unake viSaya meM pro. vI. jI. nAyara ne likhA RSabhadeva kA nirvANa sthala : aSTApada jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI anya kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI apekSA nirvANa kalyANaka bhUmi ko jyAdA mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM pA~ca tIrthoM kI mahimA kA vizeSa varNana milatA hai| jimeM AbU, aSTApada, giranAra, sammeta zikhara aura zatrujjaya ullekhanIya hai / aSTApada jo RSabhadeva kI nirvANa bhUmi hai usake pramANa rUpa meM jo bhI jaina evaM jainettara sAhityika srota hamAre pAsa hai usase aSTApada kI avasthiti kA nizcita rUpa se patA calatA hai| vaidika purANoM meM ye saMdarbha bikhare par3e haiM jisake anusAra nAbhi aura unakI patnI marudevI se RSabha nAma ke putra hue jo yoga meM, tapa meM, kSatriyoM meM, rAjAoM meM zreSTha the| unake sau putra hue aura himAlaya ke dakSiNa kSetra ko apane putra bharata ko sauMpa diyA tathA bharata ke nAma se hI isa kSetra kA nAma bhArata par3A / dUsarI mahatvapUrNa bAta jo hameM ina purANoM se patA calatI hai vaha hai ki AdinAtha bhagavAna jo saba devoM ke pUjanIya the, sarvajJa the, jinake caraNa kamala kA dhyAna kara hAtha jor3akara sabhI devatA tatpara rahate

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... I the / aise jinezvara kailAsa parvata para mokSa gae / samasta jaina vADmaya meM AcArya jinasena, kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandrAcArya, zrI jinaprabhasUrijI, tathA vartamAna meM svAmI Ananda bhairava giri, svAmI paDvAnanda jI aura sahajAnaMda jI mahArAja apane ullekhoM meM kailAza parvata ko hI RSabhadeva kA nirvANa sthala aSTApada batAyA hai / aSTApada ke viSaya meM vibhinna zAstroM meM tathA bhinnabhinna samaya meM, bhinna-bhinna mahApuruSoM dvArA racita varNanoM meM aSTApada kA kailAza ke rUpa meM varNana milanA svayaM meM eka puSTa pramANa hai / kyoMki yadi yaha varNana kAlpanika hotA to eka vyakti kI kalpanA meM hotA sabhI kI kalpanA eka jaisI kaise ho sakatI hai / 75 kailAza aura aSTApada donoM kA eka hI paryAyavAcI artha hai svarNa yA sonA / prAkRta bhASA meM aSTApada ko aTThAvaya kahA gayA hai / jisakA artha bhI svarNa hotA hai / sUrya kI kiraNeM jaba aSTApada para par3atI hai to vaha svarNa kI taraha camakatA hai / kailAza ke dakSiNa meM svarNa kI khAnoM kA ullekha sAhitya meM milatA hai| prAcIna samaya se yahA~ para pracura mAtrA meM sonA nikAlA jAtA thA / bhAratIya vyApArI bhI vahA~ se sonA lAte the / isakA varNana e. eca. phrenke ne apanI kitAba 'di vesTana tibbata' meM kiyA hai| cIna kA isa kSetra para apanA adhikAra banAye rakhane kA yaha bhI eka kAraNa hai / isa saMdarbha meM eka aura mahatvapUrNa pramANa tIsarI, cauthI aura chaThI zatAbdI meM nirmita elorA kI solaha aura tIsa nambara kI guphAe~ haiM jinheM bar3A kailAza aura choTA kailAza kahA jAtA hai| choTA kailAza to jaina guphA hai aura bar3A kailAza zaiva guphA mAnI gayI hai lekina vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ye guphA bhI prArambha meM jaina guphA hI thI jisake pramANasvarUpa isa guphA ke zikhara para jaina mUrtiyA~ Aja bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai / kailAza ke pazcima meM jo guphA hai usameM bhI jina mUrti pratiSThita hai jo bauddho ke adhikAra meM hai 1 I yakSa mAnyatA jaina dharma meM AdikAla se calI A rahI hai / purANoM meM maNibhadra yakSa kA nivAsa sthAna kailAza batAyA gayA hai jo RSabhadeva svAmI ke nirvANa sthala para yakSoM kA vAsa, yakSoM kI paramparA ko RSabha paramparA se sIdhA jor3atA hai / mahuDI ke yakSa ghaNTAkarNa badrInAtha tIrtha ke

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76 jainatva jAgaraNa..... kSetrapAla hai / zikhara jI parvata ke kSetrapAla bhUmiyAjI hai usI prakAra kailAza ke kSetrapAla maNibhadra yakSa hai / isake alAvA kailAza kSetra meM zUlapANi yakSa ke vAsa kA bhI purANoM meM ullekha hameM milalA hai / aSTApadakI vilupti aura kailAza zabda kA pracalana isakI jhalaka hameM aitihAsika vivaraNoM se khojanI par3egI / eka samaya aisA AyA jaba saba loga yaha mAnane lage the ki aSTApada Alopa ho gayA aura kailAza virAjamAna hai / jahA~ aSTApada se RSabhadeva ko yAda karate the vahIM kailAza ko ziva ke rUpa meM dekhane lage aisA kaba se huA, isakA uddezya kyA thA yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai / yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki prAcIna sAkSyoM ko miTAne evaM apanA banAne ke lie unheM naye nAma diye jAte rahe haiM jisake saikar3oM pramANa hamAre pAsa upalabdha hai| aSTApada tIrtha kA mahatva kama karane ke lie evaM use apanA sAbita karane ke liye paravartI kAla meM brahma AryoM ne kailAza kA nAma diyA / RSabhadeva ke nirvANa ke samaya yaha pUrI pahAr3I zrRMkhalA aSTApada ke nAma se jAnI jAtI thii| unake nirvANa ke pazcAt unakI smRti meM jo stUpa banA vahIM paravartIkAla meM kailAza ke nAma se prasiddha huA / uttara bhArata meM jaba koI svargavAsI hotA to usake lie kahA jAtA ki yaha kailAzavAsI ho gayA / isa prakAra RSabhadeva svAmI kI nirvANa bhUmi kI smRti kailAza ke nAma se Aja bhI jIvanta hai / kailAza yAtrA ke tIsare carama meM DaoN. velejA kI riporTa ke kucha aMzoM kA ullekha hai jo aSTApada kI khoja kI dizA meM bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai / The earliest archaeological horizon detectable at Mount Kailas belongs to the so called Zhang Zhung civilization a broadly defined cluster of cultural orders spanning the first millennium BCE and first millennium CE over a large area of Upper Tibet. The most salient physical feature of the Zhang zhung civilization at Mount Kailas in the remains of an extensive network of all stone cobbelled residences known in the native parlance as dokhong These are among the highest archaeological remains found any where in Uper Tibet. They

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... also constitute the loftiest permanent residence built any where in the world, past or present, an impressive physical feat to be certain. 77 The south side of Mount Kailas also receives maximum solar exposure, a key natural endowment in a brutally cold climate. Moreover, there are a surprising number of cave sites, valley branches, flats, and water sources lying in the lap of the mountain fit for human habitation. 1 ina vivaraNoM ke anusAra kailAza ke stUpa ke samIpa meM bahuta hI susaMskRta sabhyatA vidyamAna thI jise gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI meM bauddhoM ne apane prabhAva meM kara liyaa| DaoN. belejA ne inako baunpo dharma se yA Zang Zung sabhyatA se yukta kiyA hai / baunpo loga apane dharma kA prArambha zenAriba se mAnate hai jisakA artha hai sabase buddhimAna vyakti / baunpo dharma ke pramukha bhagavAna ko tapAriSTa kahate hai jisakA artha hai tapa dvArA apane zatruoM kA zamana karane vAlA / ye zatru hamAre Antarika hai / kAma, krodha, lobha, mAyA, moha Adi / tIrthaMkara tapa dvArA apane Antarika zatruoM ko jItakara jina aura arihanta kahalAte hai / taporiSTa zabda RSabhadeva ke lie hI prayukta huA hai aisA merA mAnanA hai / baunyo se pUrva yahA~ jo loga the vaha kauna the aura kisa saMskRti ke the / isake liye vahA~ ke itihAsa para eka dRSTi DAlanA Avazyaka hai jisase ghuMghalI par3I tasvIra svataH hI spaSTa ho jAyegI / abhI hAla ke zodhoM se yaha patA calA hai ki baunpo se pUrva yahA~ licchavI jAti ke rAjAoM kA zAsana thA / manu smRti meM ina licchaviyoM ko vrAtya kSatriya kahA gayA hai / atharvaveda meM vrAtya kANDa milatA hai jo zramaNa paramparA kA puSTa pramANa hai / isake alAvA sAiberiyA meM vrAtya jAti ke loga Aja bhI milate hai inheM Buryats kahate haiM jo vrAtya kA hI apabhraMza hai| ye Buryats zramaNoM ko apanA AdhyAtmika guru mAnate haiM / pUrvI bhArata kI prAcIna aitihAsika paramparA ke sUtradhAra bhI ye vrAtya kSatriya the jo zramaNa yA nirgrantha paramparA ke vAhaka rahe vizva prasiddha vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke pramukha ceTaka bhI isI licchavI jAti ke the jo caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra

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78 jainatva jAgaraNa.... ke mAmA the| ataH mahAvIra kA isa jAti se rakta saMbaMdha thA / dUsare tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha ke samaya samara rAjA ke akhyAna se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kailAza meM usa samaya nAga jAti ke loga vAsa karate the| vahA~ para jala bhara jAne ke phalasvarUpa isa jAti ko apanA paitRka nivAsa chor3akara nIce utaranA par3A aura dhIre dhIre IrAna, IrAka se lekara anya bhU-bhAga meM phaila gaye / 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA prabhAva IrAna taka thaa| jisake kAraNa usa samaya IrAna pArasa ke nAma se vikhyAta thA jo kAlakrama meM pArasa se phArasa ho gayA / tIrthaMkara jahA~-jahA~ hote aura vicaraNa karate haiM vaha kSetra samRddhazAlI ho jAte haiM / bAda meM jaba dUsare tIrthaMkara kA prAdurbhAva anya kSetra meM hotA hai to jahA~ pahale samRddhi thI vahA~ se loga palAyana karake naye tIrthaMkaroM ke samRddhizAlI kSetroM meM Akara basane lagate haiN| yaha eka krama hai jo calatA rahatA hai aura itihAsa ko dizA detA hai / kailAza yAtrA ke daurAna kucha tibbatI kitAbeM va sAhitya milA jisake anuvAda se kucha mahatvapUrNa tathya sAmane Aye haiM / Gangkare Teashi (White Kailas) nAmaka kitAba meM spaSTa likhA hai ki bauddha dharma se pUrva jaina isa kSetra meM rahate the| unake prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the aura antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra / isI kitAba meM RSabhadeva ke putra bharata aura bAhubalI kA ullekha AtA hai aura sabase mahattvapUrNa varNana 20veM tIrthaMkara muni suvrata svAmI kA kailAza meM Akara apane hajAroM ziSyoM ke sAtha tapasyA karane kA milatA hai / yaha eka bahuta mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa haiM jo hamAre tIrthaMkaroM kI aitihAsikatA ko bhI puSTa karatA hai / isI kitAba meM likhA hai ki RSabhadeva ne kailAza ke pAsa eka guphA meM tapasyA kI thii| aSTApada khoja yAtrA ke tIsare caraNa meM kailAsa ke besa para eka guphA taka dala ke loga pahuMce jisake 13 DriguMga kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yahA~ teraha choTe stUpa bane hue haiN| ina stUpoM para tIrthaMkara mUrti tathA lekha hai jo abhI par3he nahIM gaye hai| maiksikoM ke prAcIna stUpoM, mistra ke pirAmiDo aura sAranAtha ke stUpoM kI kucha sAmAnya vizeSatAeM hai / prathama yaha stUpa kisI mahAna vyakti kI yAda meM banAye jAte the evaM unakI citA

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 79 ke avazeSoM para inakA nirmANa bhI kiyA jAtA thA / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM buddha ke agni saMskAra kI rAkha ko caurAsI bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara unake Upara stUpa banAye gaye the aisA ullekha milatA hai / ina stUpoM ke nIce andara kI tarapha guphA kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thA / pro. e. ke. varmA ne apanI yAtrA kI riporTa meM kailAza parvata kI isa guphA ko hI RSabhadeva svAmI kA nirvANa sthala mAnate hue likhA hai No place in the surrounds of the Kailash-Manasarovar region can impact as much as the cave in Mount Kailash itself and it is no wonder that mystics of various cultural origins retreated to the holy cave. Sri Adinathji couldnot have been an exception and Ashtapad identified as Mount Kailash itself, the Serdung Chuksum (Saptarishi cave) is where Sri Adinathaji would have attained Nirvana and thus rendering it as the holiest of all Jain Pilgrim sites. I believe a first hand experience of the cave is a must for forming any opinion on the most probable site of Nirvana of Sri Adinathaji. I strongly recommend a visit to the cave to anyone seriously interested. I can conclude based on my convictions that the cave is indeed the site of Sri Adinathaji's Nirvana. kailAza ke viSaya meM eka Russian report meM likhA hai ki yaha prAkRtika pahAr3a nahIM hokara mAnava nirmita pirAmir3a hai / "Nor should one ignore recent Russian studies of Tibet and the Kailas range in particular, the results of which, if true, could radically alter our thinking on the growth of civilizations. One of the ideas the Russians have put forward is that Mt. Kailas could be a vast, human built pyramid, the centre of an entire complex of smaller pyramids, a hundred in total. This complex, moreover, might be the centre of a worldwide system connecting other monuments of sites where paranormal phenomena have been observed. The idea of the

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... pyramid in this region is not new. It goes back to the timeless Sanskrit epic of the Ramayana." 80 In shape, it (Mount Kailas) resembles a vast cathedral The sides of the mountain are perpendicular and fall sheer for hundreds of feet, the strata hori-zontal. the layers of stone varying slightly in colour, and the dividing lines showing up clear and distinct......which give to the entre mountain the appearance of having been built by giant hands, of huge blocks of reddish stone. (G.C. Rawling, The Great Plateau, London, 1905). aSTApada kI khoja meM RSabhadeva svAmI ke nirvANa sthala para stUpa nirmANa kI jaina zAstroM meM jo ullekha diye hai usakI puSTi Swen Heden ke isa varNana se hotI hai jo unhoMne kailAza parikramA karate samaya DirApuka guphA se Age calane para kiyA hai| The holy ice mountain or the ice jewel is one of my most memorable recollections of Tibet,and quite undersatand how the Tibetan can regard this wonderful mountain as a divine sanctuary which has a striking resemblace to a chhorten. The monument which is erected in memory of a deceased saint within or without the temples. yadyapi aSTApada kI khoja abhI bhI pUrNatayA nahIM ho pAyI hai phira bhI abhI taka jitane bhI varNana mile hai usase yaha spaSTa jAhira hai ki kailAza meM hI aSTApada ho sakatA hai / DaoN. velejA ne nahIM jAnate hue bhI apanI khoja ke niSkarSa ke anta meM yaha mAnA hai ki kailAza hI aSTApada ho sakatA. hai| 'Given the findings set forthin this report Sri Ashtabad being mount Kailash itself seems the most likely prospect.' ataH ina saba ullekhoM aura niSkarSoM ko dekhakara tathA jaina aura jainettara sAhitya ke adhyayana se spaSTa aura sarvasammata rUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... jA sakatA hai ki kailAza parvata kisI nArkazI rUpa meM RSabhadeva se sambandhita hai / 81 san 2006 kI kailAza yAtrA ke samaya tibbata meM sAgA se kailAza jAte samaya rAste meM gA~va ke makAnoM ke bAhara svastika aura caMdrabindu banA huA dekhA gayA / pUchane para yaha patA calA ki ye prAcIna paramparA se calA A rahA hai / svastika ko eka maMgala cinha ke rUpa meM sabhI saMskRtiyoM I meM apanAyA gayA hai "The Swastik is one of the oldest symbol still existing in history it is a sacred and Prehistoice symbol that predates all formal religons known to human kind, this common heritage of mankind. The connection between almost all devoloped cultures." isa svastika kA sabase prAcInatama AdhAra kyA hai yaha gahana zodha kA viSaya hai / jaina paramparA ke bAda bauddha dharma se pUrva tibbata meM bauna dharma pracalita thA jinake anusAra kailAza ' A Nine Storey' Swastik Mountain kahalAtA haiM / svastika kI vibhinna vyAkhyAe~ unako tIrthaMkaroM se jor3atI haiM / pratyeka dhArmika sAhitya tathA sthAna vizeSa meM svastika kI vyAkhyA hameM alaga-alaga rUpa meM milatI hai / (1) Rgveda kI RcA meM svastika ko sUrya manA gayA hai aura usakI cAra bhujAoM ko cAra dizAoM kI upamA dI gaI hai / jisa prakAra sAre jIva jagata ko prANa dene vAlA sUrya hai usI prakAra sAre jIvoM meM jJAna ke upadiSTA tIrthaMkara bhagavAna hote haiM aura sRSTi ke cAroM dizAoM meM inhIM ke jJAna kI dundabhI bajatI hai / (2) yAska ke anusAva svastika avinAzI brahmA kA nAma hai| AtmA kA svarUpa avinAzI hai isa bAta ko isI svastika bhavana meM virAjamAna tIrthaMkara sabase acchI taraha samajhate haiM aura batAte haiM I (3) aneka dezoM meM svastika kA artha acchA yA maMgala karane vAle ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI sarvadA maMgalamaya hotI hai isaliye

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... svastika ko maMgala kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai / kahIM kahIM svastika ko anantakAla kA pratIka aura zAMti kA pratIka bhI mAnA gayA hai / tIrthaMkara ananta jJAna ke svarUpa hote haiN| cAroM gati se mukti dilAne vAle hote haiM jo svayaM bhI mukta hote haiM aura sabhI ko mukti kA patha dikhalAte haiM I caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA krama aura kAla kA cakra hamezA calAye mAna rahatA hai / isI liye jaina dharma meM svastika ko cAroM gati tathA anantakAla kA pratIka bhI mAnA gayA hai / 82 WW tIrthaMkara hI ahiMsA ke, zAMti ke aura maMgala ke pratIka hai, kalyANakArI hai| caMdana yA rolI se jo hama svastika banAte haiM aura usake cAroM khAnoM meM virAjamAna 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke caraNoM meM hI TIkI lagAkara tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA karate haiM / parAvarta meM bhI TIkI lagAkara sabhI siddha AtmAoM kI bhI pUjA karate haiM / manuSya gati, deva gati, tiryaMca gati, narakaM gati rupI cAro gatiyoM meM bhavabhramaNa kara rahI hamArI AtmA paMcama mokSa gati meM tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM ke dvArA dikhAe mArga se unakI hI bhAMti saMsAra cakra se mukti kI ora agrasara ho, aise maMgala bhAva se racA gayA svastika bhI maMgala AkRti hai kitanA adbhuta hai ATha lakIroM se banA huA yaha AkAra, kitane jJAna ke jJAtA hoge bharata mahArAja jinhoMne svastika AkAra meM caubIMsa tIrthaMkaroM ko sthApita kiyA, unako merA zat zat naman / jo bhI ina tIrthaMkaroM ke ArAdhaka rahe ve svastika ko apane sAtha jahA~ bhI gaye le gaye ataH pUre vizva meM svastika ko sabase zuddha, pavitra aura maMgalakArI mAnA gayA hai / sindhu ghATI sabhyatA bhI tIrthaMkara paramparA kA pramANa detI hai / vahA~ utkhanana se prApta tIrthaMkaroM kI yogamudrA tathA svastika sIloM kI prApti se yaha pUrNatayA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA usa samaya bhI pracalita thI / 300 I. pU. samprati mahArAja ke kAla ke sikko meM bhI hameM svastika parAvarta aura tIna DhigalI (DherI) kA rUpa citrita milatA hai / gautamarAsa meM varNana hai ki aSTApada para cakravartI bharata ne nayanAbhirAma caturmukhI prAsAda nirmita kiyA thA / zrI dharma ghoSa sUri jI ne bhI likhA hai ki bharata cakravartI ne siMha niSa nAmaka caturmukha caitya banAyA thA aura

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 83 cAroM dizAoM meM cAra, ATha, dasa, do (cattAri aTTha dasa doya) ke krama se caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM kI sthApanA kI thI / isI parvata para gautama svAmI ne siMha niSadhA caitya ke dakSiNa dvAra se praveza kara pahale sambhavanAtha, abhinandana svAmI, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha svAmI Adi cAra pratimAoM ko vaMdana kiyA, phira pradakSiNA dete hue pazcima dvAra se ATha tIrthaMkaroM supArzvanAtha, candraprabha svAmI, suvidhinAtha, zItalanAthajI, zreyAMsa, vAsupUjya svAmI, vimalanAtha aura anantanAtha ko tatpazcAt uttara dvAra se dasa tIrthaMkaroM dharmanAtha, zAMtinAtha, kuMthunAtha, aranAtha, zrI mallinAtha, munisuvrata svAmI, naminAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura varddhamAna mahAvIra ko aura phira pUrva dvAra se do tIrthaMkaroM ajitanAtha aura RSabhadeva ke bimba ko vaMdana kiyA / Aja bhI kailAza kI parikramA isI rUpa meM kI jAtI hai| lekina boMpo dharma ke anuyAyI kailoza kI parikramA pUrva se prArambha kara uttara pazcima tathA anta meM dakSiNa kI tarapha Ate haiM / svastika kA zabdakoza meM artha hai cAra mArgoM kA milana yA cAra prakoSTha vAlA caturmukha prAsAda yA bhavana / kisI bhI caturmukha mahala ko rekhAcitra se darzAne para yaha svastika AkAra kA hI dikhegA / isaro (Isro) ke vaijJAnika DaoN. pI. esa. Thakkara ke anusAra - kahIM-kahIM ati prAcIna nagaroM aura bhavanoM kA AkAra svastika pratIka ke AdhAra para hotA thA / bAvana purANa meM likhA hai tatazcakAra zarvasya gRhaM svasti kalakSaNam yojanAni catuH SaSTi pramANena hiraNmayam // 2 dantatoraNa nirvRhaM muktAjAlAntaraM zubham / zuddha sphaTika sopAnaM vaiDUrya kRtaspakam // 3 vizvakarmA ne bhagavAn ziva ke liye kailAza para svastika lakSaNa vAlA gRha nirmita kiyA thA / jo hiraNyamaya tathA aura pramANa meM causaTha yojana ke vistAra vAlA thA // 2 usa gRha meM danta toraNa the aura muktAoM ke jAloM se andara zobhita ho rahA thA jisameM zuddha sphaTika maNi ke sopAna (sIr3hiyA~) thIM jinameM vaiDUrya

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84 jainatva jAgaraNa..... maNi kI racanA thI // 3 kailAza yAtrA se Ane ke bAda ina sAre ullekhoM ke gahana anusaMdhAna se zodhakoM ko esA pratIta huA hai ki mandira meM cAvaloM dvArA banAyA gayA arddha candra samyag jJAna darzana cAritra ke pratIka ke rUpa meM tIna DhigalI (DherI) aura svastika sampUrNa kailAza kSetra kA pratibimba hai| maMdiroM meM cAvaloM ke sarvaprathama parAvarta AkAra meM arddhacandra banAte hai jo ananta kA pratIka hai kyoMki usameM ananta-ananta mokSagAmI AtmAe~ basI haiN| isI liye isako siddha zilA kA pratIka bhI mAnA jAtA hai| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki kailAza parvata ke uttara meM zuddha AtmAe~ nivAsa karatI hai / RSabhadeva ke nirvANa ke pazcAt indra ne vahA~ tIna stUpa banAye the| pahalA bhagavAna kA, dUsarA unake parivArika putra aura pautroM kA, tIsarA anagAroM yAni sAdhuoM kA jinhoMne RSabhadeva ke sAtha siddha gati prApta kI thii| inhIM tIna stUpoM ko hI hama tIna DhigalI ke rUpa meM banAte haiN| bharata dvArA banAye gaye siMha niSadha prAsAda ke pratIka ke rUpa meM svastika banAnA Aja bhI hamArI paramparA meM jIvanta kailAza ke najadIka hone ke kAraNa tibbata meM jo svastika kA rUpa hameM dekhane ko milA usameM cAroM khAnoM meM TIkI lagAyI huI thI / dUrastha sthAnoM meM jisane jaise kahA use sunakara aura isakA dhArmika upayoga dekhakara ise maMgala cinha mAna liyA / pariNAma svarUpa dUrastha sthAnoM ke dezoM meM TIkI lagAne kI paramparA nahIM hai aura AkAra meM sUkSma parivartana dekhane ko milatA hai| svastika ko jahA~-jahA~ jisa rUpa meM pUjA gayA usako kisI bhI taraha se dekhe to hameM svastika AkAra meM bhavana aura usameM caubIsa tIrthaMkara hI virAjamAna dikhAI par3ate haiN| bhale hI Aja hama tIrthaMkaroM kI bAta bhUla gaye hai lekina unakI smRti zAnti aura zubha, maMgala evaM kalyANakArI tathA sUrya ke rUpa meM sAre vizva meM svastika ke pratIka ke rUpa meM jIvanta hai| vaidika sAhitya meM bhI svastika prakAra kA bhavana sirpha devoM aura rAjAoM ke liye upayukta batAyA gayA hai| kailAza kSetra ke upagraha dvArA liye gaye citroM se jo caturmukha sTrakcara

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... dikhAyI par3A, vaha jagaha kailAza parvata ke pUrvI chora meM avasthita hai jo kailAza kA hI hissA hai| vahA~ kA jo nakzA hai usameM usa jagaha kA nAma dharma rAjA narasiMha ullikhita hai aura ye nAma hI hamAre saMdehoM kA nivAraNa karake siMhaniSadhA prAsAda kI jagaha ko cinhita karatA hai / ye bhagavAna kI citA agni saMskAra kI jagaha para banAye gaye stUpa ke pAsa kI bhUmi para bharata cakravartI dvArA banAye siMhaniSadhA prAsAda kI avasthiti ko darzAtA hai| dharma rAjA, narasiMha kA artha dharma ke rAjA arthAt sabase pahale dharma kA pravartana karane vAle, narasiMha kA spaSTIkaraNa jaina sUtroM meM vaNita tIrthaMkaroM ke liye parisa-sihAMNa zabda jisakA artha puruSoM meM siMha ke samAna nirbhIka, para AkramaNakArI nahIM hotA hai / yaha tIrthaMkaroM kA eka viziSTa vizeSaNa bhI hai / ataH ye donoM zabda siMhaniSadhA prAsAda ke artha se mela khAte haiM / niSadha zabda kA artha rAjA ke liye hotA hai rAjA yAni sarvazreSTha / kailAza hI eka aisA tIrthakSetra hai jo sabhI dharmoM kA zraddhA kendra hai| sabhI dharmoM ke loga vahA~ jAte haiM aura apanI zraddhA arpaNa karate haiN| pazcimI dezoM ke loga bhI kailAza ko atyanta pavitra mAnate haiM / isa viSaya se sambandhita prazna ke uttara meM prasiddha Austrian explorer Bruno Baumann ne jo pratyeka varSa kailAza kI yAtrA karate haiM, kailAza ke viSaya meM kahA- "I regard Kailash and the region around spiritually as one of the most powerful places on earth and I feel a need to expose myself to that sacred energy. It is important for me to be in touch with this it enlightens me and bring me closer to my goal in life." vizva kI prAcInatama sabhyatAoM kA vikAsa pazcimI eziyA meM sabase pahale huA jisameM pramukha hai asIriyA, bebIloniyA, IrAna, AramIniyA, ajarabejAna, baharAina, sAiprasa, ijarAila, jorDana, kuvaita, lebanaoNna, omAna, katAra, saUdIarebiyA, sIriyA, turkI, yamana, aphagAnistAna aura yUnAITeDaaraMbamIrata Adi hai / isameM hama Egypt ko bhI sammilita kara sakate haiM / pazcimI eziyA meM hI islAma, IsAI, yahUdI, pArasI, Adi

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... dharmoM kA prAdurbhAva huA / yaha kSetra sAta bar3e samudroM se ghirA huA hai / kailAza ke pazcima meM hI himAcala, sindhughATI, aura kazmIra bhI par3atA isaro ke vaijJAnika DaoN. pI. esa. Thakkara ke anusAra kailAza ke pazcima meM bhArata cIna sImA para sthita tIrtha purI prAcIna ayodhyA ho sakatI hai| RSabhadeva kI janmasthalI hone ke kAraNa vaha tIrthapurI kahalAne lagI / prasiddha AsTriyana khojakartA brono bomena ne tIrthapurI ke nikaTa satalaja nadI ke kinAre aneka dhvaMsAvazeSa khoje hai jo vahA~ para eka unnata prAcIna sabhyatA ke hone kI puSTi karate haiM / RSabhadeva kI janmabhUmi tIrthapurI se badrInAtha kSetra ke nikaTavartI sthAnoM para bhI anumAnita kara sakate haiM / badrInAtha ko nirvANa sthalI mAnanA ucita nahIM hogA kyoMki jainetara sAhitya meM, purANoM meM bhI badrInAtha ko viSNu kI janmasthalI ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai| badrInAtha kSetra meM nAbhirAjA ke caraNa hone kI mAnyatA bhI yaha pramANita karatI hai ki yaha kSetra RSabhadeva svAmI kA janma sthala ho sakatA hai / RSabhadeva dharma ke AdisvarUpa the aura sabhI prAcIna dharmoM meM unako kisI na kisI rUpa meM pUjA gayA hai / bhAgavata meM unake viSaya meM likhA hai dharmabravISI dharmajJa dharmosi vRSabha rUpa dhRk / yaddharmakRtaH sthAnaM sUcakasyApi sadbhaveta // (bhAgavata 1 / 11 / 22) he dharmatattva ko jAnane vAle RSabhadeva ! Apa dharma kA upadeza kara rahe haiN| avazya hI Apa vRSabharUpa meM svayaM dharma hai / adharma karane vAle ko jo narakAdi sthAna prApta hote hai, ve hI ApakI nindA karane vAle ko milate haiM / kailAza kI eka aisI jagaha hai jahA~ sabhI pramukha dharmoM ke loga Ate haiM aura kailAza ko bahuta hI pavitra aura pUjya mAnate haiM / 'The Throne of The God # Arnold Heim and August Gansser A fa - The fundamental idea of Asiatic religions is embodied in one of the most magnificent temples I have ever seen, a sunlight temple of rock and ice. Its remarkable structure, and the

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87 jainatva jAgaraNa....... peculiar harmony of its shape, justify my speaking of Kailas as the most sacred mountain in the world. Here is a meetingplace of the greatest religions of the East, and the difficult journey round the temple of the Gods purifies the soul from earthly sins. 1 vAstava meM aSTApada kahA~ hai / Aja vaha kyoM nahIM dikhAI detA ye saMdeha hamAre vizvAsa ko DagamagAtA hai / yadi hama zraddhA aura vizvAsa tathA AsthA ke sAtha isa viSaya meM saMzodhana kare to hameM kisI na kisI rUpa meM aSTApada kI avasthiti kI jAnakArI avazya milegI aura aisA hI ho rahA hai| kailAza kA kSetra bahuta hI vistRta aura vizAla hai / lagabhaga pacAsa se sau kilomITara kI paridhi meM hameM khojanA hogA / isa kSetra ke nIce suraMge aura guphAoM kA jAla sA bichA huA hai / jisakA eka chora kailAza meM hai aura dUsarA Shambhala mAnA jAtA hai / tibbatI bauddha sAhitya meM Shambhala bahuta rahasyamaya jagaha hai jahA~ sAdhAraNa vyakti kA pahu~canA asambhava hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI kahA thA ki aSTApada para jAnA asambhava hai / jo vyakti vahA~ pahu~ca sakegA aura darzana kara sakegA vo isI janma meM mokSa prApta karegA / gautama svAmI ne bhI apanI siddhiyoM ke bala para aSTApada ke darzana kie the | Shambhala ke viSaya meM bhI yahI kahA jAtA hai ki jo vyakti zuddha evaM niSpApa hogA, samyak caritra kA pAlana karane vAlA hogA vahI Shambhala jaisI rahasyamaya jagaha ko dekha sakatA hai, vahA~ jA sakatA hai / Russian artise Nicholas Roerich ne varSoM taka sambhAlA kI khoja kI / apane citroM meM, apane anubhavoM kA aMkana kiyA aura isa khoja meM varSoM usa kSetra meM bhaTakate rahe / aneka vRddha lAmAoM se bhI unhoMne jAnakArI hAsila kI aura isa saMdarbha meM unakI kitAbeM bhI nikalI / Aja hamAre lie aSTApada aura sambhAlA kI vicAradhArA eka jaisI hai / vizvavandha tIrthakara RSabha pro. vI. jI. nAyara ke lekha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki RSabhadeva kA prabhAva vizvavyApI thA / unhoMne likhA hai ki "bhArata ke bAhara ke dezoM meM RSabhadeva rezipha, apolo, tezava, bAla aura maiDiTeriyana logoM meM bula gaoNDa ke rUpa meM pUje jAte the / phiniziyansa jina RSabha ko pUjate hai unhIM ko yUnAnI apolo I

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88 jainatva jAgaraNa..... ke rUpa meM pUjya mAnate haiM / rezapha hI RSabha hai jo nAbhi aura marUdevI ke putra the| nAbhi celDiyana gaoNDa nAbU aura marUdevI muru hai| ArameniyA ke rezapha niHsandeha jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva hai| sIriyA ke eka nagara kA nAma RSAkA unhIM ke nAma para hai / sobiyata ArameniyA meM eka zahara kA nAma tezAbAnI hai| bebIloniyA ke zahara isbekajUra RSabha kA hI apabhraMza hai / 1200 I. pUrva kI RSabhadeva kI eka kAMsya mUrti sAipresa ke alAsiyA se nikalI hai.| yUnAnI apolo kI prAcIna mUrti RSabhadeva kI mUrti se milatI hai / TarkI ke bogAskoI, meM malATiyA meM tatA isbukajUra meM mukhya hiTTaTrI logoM ke pramukha devatA ke rUpa meM RSabhadeva kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| soviyata ArameniyA ke kAramIra blara meM khudAI ke daurAna tathA tezAbAnI zahara meM khudAI meM kucha mUrtiyAM prApta huI hai unameM RSabhadeva kI kAMsya mUrti bhI hai|" yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki hajAroM sAla pahale Arabia meM ghane jaMgala aura gaharI nadiyAM hotI thI / yadyapi Aja yaha pUrA registAna hai / usa samaya vahA hAthI ko bahuta mahatvapUrNa mAnA jAtA thaa| Aja bhI hAthIpatha arebiyA meM madInA jAne vAle rAste para dekhA jA sakatA hai / _ "Elephants......formed a prominent feature of the cavelecades to leave an indelible impression on the long memory of the Arabs." An 'Elephant Road' is traceable in Arabia (leading to Medina). dUsare tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha kA lAMchana hAthI hai / maisopoTAmiyA ke hAthI kabhI vizva prasiddha the / ataH hama nizcita rUpa se ajitanAtha tIrthaMkara ko isa kSetra se saMbaMdhita mAna sakate hai / gajanI zabda bhI gaja se AyA hai jisakA artha hai hAthI / hajarata mohammada kA janma bhI hAthI ke varSa meM huA, aisA kahA jAtA hai| yaha durbhAgya kI bAta hai ki islAma dharmAvalambiyoM ne hajarata mohammada ke pahale ke itihAsa ko naSTa kara diyA / isa kSetra meM hameM jo pramANa hAthI ke mila rahe hai usase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha kSetra tIrthaMkara paramparA se jur3e hue the / arebiyA se prApta sarasvatI kI mUrti vahA~ zramaNa prabhAva ko pramANita karatI haiM kyoMki sarasvatI kI sabase prAcIna mUrtiyA~ hameM jainadharma meM hI milI

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 89 mAunTa hora ke pAsa peTrA meM eka zilAlekha milA hai jisameM rekem likhA hai jo RSabha kA apabhraMza hai bIsa sAla pahale yaha zilAlekha vahA~ pula banane ke kAraNa jamIna meM daba gayA thA / peTrA kA sabase bar3A maMdira jisa devatA ko samarpita hai vaha aura koI nahIM AdinAtha RSabhadeva hai / uttara pazcimI arebiyA se eka lekha milA hai- An inscription form Beth Fasiel Near Palmyra Pays Tribute to the Jinnaye, The God and Rewarding Gods. vahA~ ke itihAsa se aisA bhI vidita hotA hai ki arebiyA meM mohammada sAhaba dvArA Alat, Manat, Azzah and Habal kI mUrtiyA~ naSTa kI gayI thii| Alat zabda meM da kI jagaha la kA prayoga kiyA gayA jo AdinAtha ke lie thA | Manat neminAtha svAmI, Habbal bAhubalI svAmI aura Azzah zabda ajitanAtha bhagavAna ke lie uccArita kie jAte the / musalamAnoM ke prasiddha tIrtha makkA ke kAbA ke andara RSabhadeva kI mUrti hone kA ullekha kaI lekhakoM ne bhI kiyA hai| kAbA kI yaha mUrti sIriyA se lAI gaI thI / RSabhadeva ne kSatriya jAti kI sthApanA kI thI / purANoM ke anusAra kSatriyoM ke pUrvaja RSabhadeva haiM / brAhmaNa purANa 2:14 meM pArthiva zreSTha RSabhadeva ko saba kSatriyoM kA pUrvaja kahA gayA hai / mahAbhArata ke zAnti parva meM bhI likhA hai ki kSAtra dharma bhagavAna AdinAtha se pravRtta huA hai / inhIM kSatriyoM ko Egpyt meM khatti yA khetA kahate hai aura hibrU bhASA meM hiTTI / yadyapi sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnyatA cAroM dizAoM meM milatI hai lekina jo tIrthaMkara jisa dizA ke hai unakI mAnyatA vahA~ para anya tIrthaMkaroM se jyAdA hai milatI hai / lekina prathama tIrthaMkara hone ke kAraNa RSabhadeva kI mAnyatA sabhI dizAoM meM sabase adhika rahI hai / unakI mAnyatA aphrIkA se lekara spena taka milatI hai | merIglAiDiMga ne apane lekha 'The history and significant of the God Risef' meM isa para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai- 1 The god Reshef (Reshpu, Rashshaf, Reshpa) had his beginings in Syria, and was particularly important in Ugarit. A war and thunder god, his cult spread throughout Canaan and Phoenicia, with links in Mesopotamia, eventually

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... emerging in Egypt. There are even indications that Reshel was worshipped as far away as Spain. 90 To the Egyptians, Reshef, was, a god of war and pestilence associated with their own Montu. The pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty were warrious and hunters and Reshefs warlike nature would have made him important to those rulers. His primary cult center at the Egyptian capital of Memphis serves as evidence of his importance to the royal family though he was likely worshipped through out Egypt's eastern frontier as well. He was believed to live in an area on the east bank of the "Valley of Reshep." Reshef was more than a simple thunder and war god. He was also known as a deity approachable by ordinary people as well as by rulers. He was honoured for answering prayers, and used his destructive power against human diseases of all types. His healing abilities were specially valued at Dair el-Medina, where he was also as the patron of honesty. Although he might be considered a relative latecomer to the Egyptian pantheon Reshef was held in high esteem by the Egyptians. Universal balance of good and evil was of paramount importance of the Egyptians, so it is not surprising that Reshef's nature contained power over both death and health. He well deserved his place among the complex pantheon of Egyptian gods. 1 Canaanite Deity yA hibrU devatAoM meM RSabhadeva ko RSabha resapha, rezepha kahate the / yahIM se inakI pUjA kA pracalana Ugrait meM naragala aura grIsa meM apolo ke nAma se hone lagA / Israel kA prAcIna zahara Arshef Aja hajAroM varSoM bAda bhI unake nAma ko jIvanta rakhe hue hai / Rishaf is listed as the divinities of the cities of Atanni, Gunu, Tunip and Shechem in the name of Ra-Sa-ap. He is chief God of Elbia. Jewish Historian Josephus Flavius ne likhA hai ki tela abIba se

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 91 paMdraha kilomITara kI dUrI para Apollonia meM 600 I. pU. meM jo loga rahate the unheM arasapha kahate the / unakA yaha nAma phoniziyana yuddha devatA RSapha ke nAma para par3A | Hellenistic period meM yUnAnI jaba vahA~ Aye taba RSapha ko apolo ke rUpa meM pUjane lage / lagabhaga isI samaya kI yUnAna se RSabhadeva kI kAMsya mUrtiyA~ milI hai, jo briTiza saMgrahAlaya meM rakhI huI hai| inakA samaya 600 se 500 I. pU. kA hai / A German scholar named Von - Kramer (49) has mentioned that "existing Samania community in Central east Asia were Shramans (Jains)" Mr. GF. Moor writes that "In 1st century BC many Jain and Buddhist saints were preaching principles of non-violence in eastern Iraq, Sham and Palestine. Innumberable naked jain saints were living in plains and on hills in western Asia, Egypt, Greece and Ethopia and were very famous for their renunciation and their deep philosophical knowledge." Major Gen. J.S.R. Furlong had discovered (36, P. 20) some jain religious centres in the cities of Oksinia, Caspia, Bulkh and Samarkand where the principles of non-violence specially non-killing of animals was followed with respect. Mr. Furlong also mentions (50. P. 14 ) The yatis or Jainsaints, who in man's earliest ages have on all lands separated themselves from the world and dwelt upon pious movements in lonely forests and mountains.' yUnAnI itihAsakAra heroDoTasa se anusAra bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jimano sophisTa aphrIkA ke ithopiyA aura ebIsIniyA meM vicarate the / (inasAiklopIDiyA vriTenikA) ke 11th edition Volume 15 pg. 128 meM jimanosophisTa kA artha digambara jaina parivrAjaka batAyA gayA hai / jaina dharma itihAsa ke bikhare motI DaoN. kAlIdAsa nAga jo eka prakhyAta darzana zAstrI hai unhoMne madhya eziyA se prApta eka nagna mUrti kA citra apanI kitAba DiskavarI oNpha aiziyA pleTa nambara pA~ca meM diyA hai jo lagabhaga dasa hajAra varSa purAnI hai tathA use RSabha

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jainatva jAgaraNa ....... 92 mUrti ke sadRzya batAyA hai / yaha mUrti nagna tathA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai tathA jaTAeM kaMdhoM para aisI hai jaise RSabhadeva kI mUrtiyoM para hotI hai / * Aja TarkI kI khudAI meM jo bhI avazeSa mila rahe hai ve bhI vahA~ jainadharma tathA jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM / RSabhadeva ko yahA~ para tezaba kahate hai | Bogazkoi meM prApta abhI taka kA sabase prAcIna maMdira ke avazeSa mile haiM jo samana saMskRti se saMbaMdhita hai / vahA~ se prApta tezaba kA Sphinx prApta huA hai jise jarmana le gae the / ve vahA~ para tIrthaMkaroM ke astitva kA mahatvapUrNa prAcIna pramANa hai / 1 TarkI meM satrahavIM zatAbdI taka zramaNa paramparA kAyama thI ThAkura bulAkI dAsa ke anuzIlana meM vahA~ para jaina muniyoM ke vicaraNa kA vivaraNa milatA hai| * prasiddha vaijJAnika DaoN. narendra bhaNDArI ne TarkI ke Ephesus meM Artemis ke Temple (550 B. C. ) ke stambhoM para svastika kA pratIka dekhA hai / vahA~ para Artemis ko devI ke rUpa meM pUjA jAtA hai / tathA Artemis kI mAnyatA Resef yA Teseb kI yugaliyAM bahana ke rUpa meM hai / yaha RSabhadeva se bhI patA calatI hai / Artemis kA eka prAcIna sikkA milA hai jisake eka aura Artemis kA tathA dUsarI ora Bull banA huA hai / TarkI kI saMskRti yUnAna, sIriyA, bebIlona tathA cAinA aura raziyA se jur3I huI hai / Bull God ke rUpa meM tezaba kA aMkana Gobeleki cave ke alAvA anya kaI jagahoM meM prApta honA sAtha hI svastika kA pAyA jAnA tIrthaMkaroM ke astitva kI puSTa karatA hai 1 Jerusalem meM siMha daravAjA prAcina hai jisameM siMha kI mUrtiyoM banI huI hai tathA kamala bhI banA huA hai| tela abIba meM 15 kilomITara uttara meM Herzliya city haiM vahA~ Sidna Hill para Sidnnali Temple ke uttara meM prAcIna bandaragAha Rishpon thA jisakA varNana hameM Assiriyan sAhitya meM milatA hai / ise Aja Tel Arshaf kahate haiM / ye Kanaanite God Reshef kI smRti meM basAyA gayA thA / yUnAniyoM ne vahA~ 400 I. pU. meM meM kabjA kiyA aura Reshef ko Apollo ko rUpa meM pUjane lge| taba se isa zahara kA nAma Arshaf kA pdd'aa| sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bAda araboM ne isa kabjA kiyA aura isakA nAma Apollo pdd'aa| yUnAnI loga svastika ko Apollo ke sAtha jor3ate haiM / 1800 B.C. meM Byblos lebnan meM God Reshef kI smRti meM maMdira 7

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 93 banAyA gayA thaa| balageriyA ke Altimir zahara meM khudAI meM svastika pratIka milA hai| Budapest meM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA maMdira khudAI meM jamIna se nikalA hai / sAiberiyA ke vrAtya kSatriyoM kI vizeSatAoM ke viSaya meM likhA haisAiberiyA ke vrAtya bahuta hI dayAlu aura zAnti ke pratIka the / ve dUsaroM kA hI nahIM balki pazu evaM vanaspati ke prati bhI sammAna rakhate the / RNoM ke pavitra jagahoM para pazuvadha ghora aparAdha mAnA jAtA thA / ve vana saMrakSaka rahe / "Buryats people were always characteresed by disinterested kindness and peacefulness, respect for people, nature and all creature being Nodody even thought of hunting at Sraman sacred sites, Killing of a stepped eagle and a swan was one of grevious sin. The swan 'Khum Shubuun was a main possessed by moral soul which is source of eternal love and worship. Buryats gaurded forest becouse they knew that an abindance of river lake wealth and diversity of animal and vegetal life depends on forest. Even the construction of Buryat foots, was shown an attitude of care towards nature. The toes of Buryat foots were turned up so as to prevent stumbling over the even ground or harming it in any way." maMgoliyA aura sAiberiyA ke kucha pahAr3a bahuta hI pavitra mAne gae hai jinameM - BurthanHaldun, Altai, Sayan Mountain pramukha hai / maMgoliyA kI rAjadhAnI ulTaI bATara cAra pavitra pahAr3o se dhirA hai jinameM eka saugino hairahana hai / ina cAroM parvatoM kI pUjA vahA~ ke zramaNa karate haiM / yaha kSetra cAra tIrthaMkaroM kI bhUmi hai ata: isI saMdarbha meM yahA~ khoja karane kI AvazyakatA hai| yahA~ para Knots kI paramparA dekhane ko milI jo nirgrantha paramparA se jur3I huI hai| nirgrantha kA artha hai jinhoMne apanI sabhI gA~ThoM ko khola diyA aura samasta antaraMga va bahiraMga se mukta ho gae / maMgoliyA ke vrAtyoM kI mythology meM baila aura ghor3e ko buddhimattA meM prakhara mAnA jAtA hai / tIsare tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kA pratIka ghor3A mAnA jAtA

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 94 1 1 I I hai / maMgoliyana ghor3eM vizva prasiddha rahe haiM / maMgoliyA meM Aja aneka bauddha bihAra hai jinameM kucha pahale jaina kendra the / maMgoliyA ke bihAroM meM gANDaDU: pramukha bihAroM meM hai / isa bihAra kA dvAra zaMkha, cakra aura mIna ke citroM se sajA hai, tathA do siMha bane hai / mukhya dvAra para dharma cakra aura mRga hai / isase spaSTa hai ki yaha bihAra pahale jaina kendra thA / zaMkha, cakra, mIna, siMha, mRga Adi jaina pratIka hai bauddha nahIM / jaba bhArata meM hI itihAsakAroM ne aisI bhUleM kI hai to videzoM meM yaha eka sAmAnya bAta hai / isI mandira kA tIsarA bhavana candana jovo bhavana hai jisakA artha candana ke prabhu hai / isake chatra para dharma cakra banA hai / yahA~ ke pustakAlaya meM sthita paTala kA vastra navaratnoM se kar3hA hai jisake madhya meM svastika aura cAroM ora aSTamAMgalika cinha hai jo kevala jaina paramparA meM prApta hote hai / maMgoliyA meM jaina maMdiroM ke khaNDahara Aja bhI dekhe jA sakate haiM / laTAviyA ke pramukha lekhaka pAdarI malabaragIsa ne 1956 I. meM likhA thA ki laTAviyA, jarmanI aura rUsiyoM ke pUrvaja bhArata se Akara yahIM para basa gae the / ye bhAratIya paNi the / ye bhAratIya paNi the jo vyApAra ke lie anya dezoM meM jAte the / laTAviyA, phinalaiDa, lithuAniyA Adi dezoM kI bhASA meM aneka saMskRta zabda pracalita hai / kAlAntara meM paNi vyApAra chinna-bhinna hone ke bAda bhI vahA~ kI sAMskRtika sthiti aparivartita rahI / phinalaiMDa ko nAma vahA~ basI paNi jAti ke nAma para par3A pratIta hotA hai / phinalaiMDa meM 17vIM zatAbdI ke bAda meM hI IsAI dharma kA prabhAva huA thA / zraddheya zrI vizabharanAtha pANDeya jo kaI rAjyoM ke gavarnara rahe unhoMne kolakAtA kI eka sabhA meM apane vaktavya ke daurAna maMgoliyA ke jaina purAtattvoM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI dI thI jo bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa thI / An Indian Archaeologist in his article 'Jain Church' in a paper in Bombay News (4th July 1934) wrote that in Mongolia, at one time a large population of the Jain community with many of their temples used to reside there. Today ruins of these temples and statues are still being excavated by archeologists. * cIna tathA rUsa It was long prior to Parsava and Mahavira, that India was the fruitful Centre of religion from 7th century B. C. and inwards. The Trans- Himalyan, Oxiana,

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... religious views and practices as Indian Jain and Budhists claim and almost historically show that above a score of their saintly leaders perambulated the Eastem world long perior to the 7th century B. C. We may reasonably believe that Jainism was very anciently preached by them from China to Kaspiana. It existed in Oxiana and north of the Himalaya 2000 years before Mahavira. Aja se 4500 varSa pUrva ina kSetroM meM jaina dharma kA astitva vidyamAna thA / * Prof. Yuri Zadneprovsky of the Leningrd Institute of Archaelogy said at a press confeuence at New Delhi on June 20, 1967 that there had been contacts between India and Central Asia for about 100000 years "from as early as the stone age." and naturally traces of Jainism were there. South Uzbekistan ke Termiz meM Kara Tepe meM dhyAna mudra meM jaina mUrti kamala ke phUla ke Upara pratiSThita hai / Mr. J. A. Dubai, the author of "The Description of Character Manners and Customs of the People of India and English by the East India Company in 1817 from French, writer in the preface : "There was a time when Jainism flourished right from the Caspian Sea to the Bay of Kamachatka. Not only this, its followers could be found in Europe or even Africa. * Aja cIna kA nAma bauddha dharma se jur3A huA lagatA hai lekina bauddha dharma cIna meM lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI se prArambha huA thA / usase pUrva vahA~ para Confusious dharma tathA usase pUrva Lao jise Atmadharma bhI kahate hai pracalita thA / jina, zramaNa tathA vrAtya paramparA ke sAtha Lao dharma kI paramparA jur3I huI hai| jina, zramaNa vrAtya Adi nAma hame yahA~ milate haiM jo isa kSetra ko sIdhesIdhe tIrthaMkaroM se jor3ate haiM / jaina mAnyatAnusAra tIrthaMkaroM ko jina aura buddha donoM hI kahA jAtA hai| usI prakAra bauddha dharma meM buddhoM ko jina kahA gayA hai / cIna meM Aja bhI tIrthaMkaroM ko buddha kahane kI paramparA dekhI jA sakatI hai| jApAnI

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sada jainatva jAgaraNa..... vidvAna Okakura ke anusAra prAcIna eka samaya Loyang prAnta meM 300 bhAratIya muni aura 10,000 bhAratIya parivAra rahate the| prAcIna zramaNa yA arhat saMskRti sindhughATI aphagAnistAna, IrAna, IrAka, ijipTa, sIriyA, asIriyA, TarkI se phailatI huI raziyA, sAiberiyA, maMgoliyA aura cIna taka pahu~cI tathA cIna se viyatanAma tathA anya dakSiNa pUrvI eziyA ke dezoM meM pratiSThita huI / * ikSvAku aura sUrya vaMza kA prAdurbhAva RSabha paramparA se huA / cIna meM 1500 B.C. meM Shang Dynesty zAsana karatI thii| ye sUryavaMzI kSatriya the jo zramaNa saMskRti pAlana karate the| pazcimI tibbata meM prAcIna Sang Sung Civili-zation kA jo varNana milatA hai aura jinheM Bonpo dharma se sambandhita mAnA gayA hai| ye bhI vrAtya kSatriya the / isake bAda Hsia vaMza kA zAsana AtA hai| ye bhI ikSvAkU sUrya vaMzI the| mArkopolo ne Canton zahara meM 500 mUrtiyA~ hone kA varNana kiyA hai / jo tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ thii| usane Suju zahara kA varNana kiyA hai / Kiang Han prAnta ke Su Chau city meM eka bahuta bar3A maMdira hai jisameM bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke buddhoM kI mUrtiyA~ hai jo bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke tIrthaMkara caubIsI ke anusAra hai / Dragon cIna kA pramukha dhArmika pratIka hai jo teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke prabhAva meM hI nahIM apitu sabhI kSetroM meM rahA hai / Marco Polo ne apane vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki Hang Chau zahara kI pramukha mUrti kamala para pratiSThita hai jo chaTheM tIrthaMkara padmaprabhu kA pratIka hai| Quang Zhouk ke Janjia Ochang meM jo mUrti milI hai vo bhI tIrthaMkara mUrti hI hai| cIna meM Monkey God kI mAnyatA hai| cIna aura tibbata ke loga vAnara ko apanA pUrvaja mAnate haiM / cauthe tIrthaMkara abhinandana svAmI kA lAMchana kapi hai| pAMcaveM tIrthaMkara sumatinAtha kA lAMchana cakavA aura chaThe tIrthaMkara padmaprabhu kA pratIka lAlakamala mAnA jAtA hai jo ki cIna kI bauddha pratimAoM meM parilakSita hotA hai| vahA~ para tIrthaMkara kevalajJAnI, tattvajJAnI, AcArya yA sAdhAraNa jJAnI sabhI ko buddha kahane kA pracalana hai| Little Buddha, Big Buddha, Master Buddha, Disciple Buddha / bIjiMga ke maMdira meM anya buddhAoM ke sAtha RSabhabuddha aura ajitabuddha kI mUrtiyA~ bhI hai| vahA~ ke maMdiroM ke haoNla kA nAma mahAvIra haoNla hai aura ve buddha kA hI eka nAma mahAvIra batAte hai| abhI hAla meM eka mUrti kI phoTo kaoNpI dekhane meM AI jisameM svastika sIdhA banA huA thA jo sAmAnyataH vahA~ isa rUpa meM nahIM hotA / uttarI cIna

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 97 kI prAcIna guphAoM meM jo prAcIna mUrtiyA~ pAI gayI hai ve sabhI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ hai| cIna kI Dunhang Caves, Yangang Caves aura Mangao Caves Adi meM bhI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| Guang Zhou ke Six Banyan Trees Pagoda meM mahAvIra haoNla ke andara tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ AsIna hai / cInI sAhitya meM prAcIna zramaNa ( Wu) rAjAoM kA varNana prAg aitihAsika kAlameM milatA hai| unakI rAjadhAnI Sozhow thI jisake pAsa Hill thA / Guang Zhou ke Hualine Temple prAcInatama maMdiroM meM se eka hai usameM 500 arhatoM kI mUrti hai 1 cIna ke Xiamen city meM Nonputaou Temple haiM / ye bahuta hI prasiddha maMdira mAnA jAtA hai / jisakA artha hai nAthaputta kA maMdira / bauddha sAhitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lie nAthaputta kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / isa maMdira meM mahAvIra haoNla bhI hai / ye maMdira chaThI zatAbdI meM Tang Dynasty ke samaya meM banA thA / isameM Guanyin Buddha kI mUrti bhI hai / jo gautama svAmI kI mUrti ho sakatI hai / kyoMki mahAvIra ke haoNla ke andara zAkya muni kAzyapa muni buddhA aura maitreya buddhA kI mUrti pratiSThita hai / I Dague meM bhI hameM mahAvIra haoNla nirmita milatA hai Liaoning Province cIna meM bhI mahAvIra haoNla hai / Hong-Con Fu Yung Shang Tsuen Wan Nam Tin Chuk Temple meM mahAvIra haoNla hai / karnala jemsa TADa ke anusAra Neminatha the 22nd of the Jinas and whose influence, Tod believed has extendd into China and Scandinavia where he was worshipped under the names of Fo and Odin respectively. bhArata se suvarNa bhUmi yAni barmA hote hue cIna meM jAne kA yaha eka pramukha mArgathA jisapara barAbara AvAgamana hotA rahatA thA yaha kahA jAtA hai ki barmA ke Mount Popa (Bagan) meM Win Daug Cave Hill meM cAra lAkha mUrtiyA~ thI / isalie ise Mountain of God ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jainAcArya kAlaka dvArA suvarNabhUmi (barmA Adi) meM zAsana prabhAvanA kA ullekha milatA hai /

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98 jainatva jAgaraNa..... Bormeo Island kA eka bar3A bhAga zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / * Borobudur kA maMdira jAvA dvIpa meM sthita hai| yaha inDeneziyA kI rAjadhAnI jAkAratA se 500 kilomITara pUrva meM hai| yahA~ para saMskRti kA vikAsa uttarapUrva meM cAinA se aura dakSiNa pazcima meM bhArata se prabhAvita rahA hai| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki ur3IsA ke samrATa mahAmeghavAhana khAravela kA ina dvIpoM para AdhipAtya rahA thA tathA ina kSetroM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra aura prasAra 100 B. C. meM unake dvArA huA / . zrI jinezvara dAsajI jaina ne dakSiNa pUrvI eziyana dezoM ke viSaya meM gahana adhyayana kiyA hai| unake anusAra- Alex Wayman (19) mentions that on the basis of an inscription of Candi Plaosan of preninth centuary, the temple was built by constant flow of Gurjara. Here the word Jina clearly refers to Tirthankara. The historians have been calling Tirthankara Padmasan Mudra as Dhyani Buddha. Kemper belives that, besides other things, Borobudur represent the Universe. To achieve this the architect used a well established device the Stupa. The stupas are a spherical body having a circular or square base. Luis O Gomez summarizes his finding by mentioning One could conceive of the Borodudur simultaneously be a stupa (the nirvanized emptiness of the absolute, the cosmic samadhi of Vairochana), a cosmic mountain (the mundane sphere contained in the absolute) and perhaps a type of Mandala (as a map the correlation of the unmanifest absolute and man's ascent to it with the mundane sphere and Bodhisatva's descent from the absolute) to reveal its presence in the world. The situation of Borobudur so close to the ecliptic would be viewed with equal clarity.I further assume that the puranic name of Jave island was Nandishwar dveepa. prAcIna kAla meM dakSiNa bhArata evaM gujarAta Adi sthAnoM se vahA~ ke rAjA tathA darzanArthI yahA~ para Ate the| lekina sAtavIM zatAbdI se zaivoM ke prabala prabhAva

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 99 aura virodha ke kAraNa una jaina rAjAoM ko jaina maMdiroM ke andara zaiva mUrtiyA~ bhI sthApita karanI par3I / jJAtavya hai ki pallava rAjA mahendra varmana pahale jaina dharmI the parantu bAda zaivadharmI bana ge| aura unhoMne aneka jaina maMdiroM meM zaiva mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI / isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ke sAtavIM zatAbdI meM zaiva dharma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa aMgakora ke maMdiroM meM bhI hindU devatAoM ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA / lekina bArahavIM zatAbdI meM thAI aura cAma logoM ne ina maMdiroM ko pUrNatayA naSTa kara diyA / zivaliMgoM ko tor3a diyA aura mUrtiyoM ko khaNDita kara diyA / vahA~ ke logoM aura itihAsakAroM ke anusAra vahA~ buddha kI koI mUrti nahIM thI / kyoMki agara buddha kI mUrti hotI to thAI aura cAma loga jo svayaM bauddha dharmI the bauddha kI mUrtiyoM ko naSTa nahIM karate / Aja bhI vahA~ hajAroM jaina mUrtiyA~ khaNDita avasthA meM pAyI gaI hai| bhAgyavaza kucha mUrtiyAM acchI avasthA meM bhI milI hai / eka aura mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki vahA~ para jo mUrtiyA~ hai jinapara sarpachatra hai ve sabhI teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI haiN| borobadUra maMdira meM nandIzvaradvIpa kItaraha 72 jinAlaya jabaki aMkorathoma 52 jinAlaya hai / kaMboDiyA kI sImA para pUrva meM lAosa aura thAilaiNDa hai / dakSiNa pUrva meM viyatanAma aura pazcima meM Gulf of Thailand vahA~ kI adhikAMza * janasaMkhyA khAmera jAti kI hai| kaMbodiyA ko saMskRta meM kambUjA kahate haiM, jo kabhI bahuta bar3A sAmrAjya rahA thA / aMkoravATa kA maMdira khAmera logoM kI ucca dakSatA kA namUnA hai / tathA yaha vizva ke AzcaryoM meM eka mAnA gayA hai| Candi Plaoson ke zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai ki yahA~ para jina mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita kI gayI hai 1 * prAcIna kAla meM barmA brahmadeza kahalAtA thA / yahA~ do pramukha naMdiyA cinDavina aura IrAvatI hai| IrAvatI nadI ke pUrvI kinAre para zrIkSetra sabase pramukha dhArmika sthAna hai jahA~ hajAroM stUpa aura maMdira pratyeka dizA meM nirmita kie gae the / yahA~ bauddha maMdiroM kA nirmANa rAjA annavara ne kiyA thA (aniruddha) isake pahale ke jo maMdira evaM mUrtiyA~ pAyI jAtI hai ve nizcita rUpa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke hai / bAgAna myUjiyama se pAye jAne vAlI kucha tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA citra de rahe I

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100 jainatva jAgaraNa..... * Second Century taka isa kSetra meM jaina muni vicaraNa karate the kyoMki yaha kSetra aneka tIrthaMkaroM se saMbaMdhita the isakA pramANa kAlakAcArya kA suvarNabhUmi hote hue cIna jAne kA varNana jaina sAhitya meM milatA hai| isa bAta ko DaoN. ramezacandra majUmadAra ne bhI svIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki- "An Annamite text gives some particulars an Indian named Khauda-la. He was born in a Brahmana family of Western India and was well versed in magical art. He went to Tonkin by sea, probably about the same time as Jivake.. He lived in caves or under trees, and was also known as Ca-la-chala (kalatachauya-black preceptor)" About Suvarn Bhumi R.C. Majumdar states that now we have definite evidence that a portion of Burma was known in later ages as Suvarnabhumi. According to Kalyani Inscription (Suvarnabhumi-ratta-samkhata Ramannadesa) Ramannadesa) Ramannadesa what called Suvarnabhumi which would then comprise the maritime region between Cape Negrais and the mouth of the Salvin. There can also be hardly any doubt, in view of the statement of Arab and Chinese writers, and the inscriptic found in Sumatra itself, that the island was also known a Suvarnabhumi and Suvarnadvipa.... There are thus definite evidences that Burma, Malaya Peninsula and Sumatra had a common designation of Suvarnabhumi, and the name Suvarnadvipa was certainly applied to Sumatra and other islands of the Malaya Archipelago." * thAilaiNDa ke maMdiroM kI zailI baMgAla aura ur3IsA ke maMdiroM se milatI hai| jo ki sarAkoM dvArA nirmita hai / isakA pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki yahA~ se sarAka zilpakAra tathA mUrtiyAM una dezoM ko tAmralipta aura pihuDa bandaragAhoM se bhejI jAtI thI / 500 I. pU. ur3IsA se bar3I saMkhyA meM inalogoM kA una kSetroM meM jAne kA varNana milatA hai| amerikA ke Grand Canyan meM bhI prAcIna zramaNa avazeSa mile hai

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 101 jo Egypt ke prAcIna saMskRti ke anurUpa hai| ataH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki prAcIna Egypt ke logoM ne vahA~ jAkara apanI bastiyA~ sthApita kI thii| Egypt kI prAcIna saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti thI tathA zramaNa mahApuruSoM ko vahA~ pUjA jAtA thA / vahA~ ke pahAr3oM ke nAma hameM Grand Canyan kI pahAr3oM para milate haiN| vahA~ se hameM prAcIna RSabha kI bhI mUrti milI hai| jisake viSaya meM vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki ye bauddha mUrti kI taraha hai| jaina saMskRti se anabhijJa pazcimI purAtattvavettA isa asamaMjasa meM hai kiye mUti kisa dharma ke logoM kI hai / yaha dekhane meM bauddha mUrti kI taraha lagatI hai| lekina bauddha kAla ke pahale kI hone ke kAraNa una logoM ke mana meM bhrAnti utpanna ho gaI / Over a hundred feet from the entrance in a cross hall, several feet long, in which was found the idol or image of the peoples God sitting cross legged The cast of the face is oriental, and a carving shows a skillful hand. The idol most resemble buddha though the scientists are not certain as to what religion worship it represents....... it possible that the worship most resemble the ancient people of libet meM cArlsa baraMTilasa ne apanI kitAba 'Mysteries from forgotton world' meM uttarI 'amerikA kI khoja yAtrA ke viSaya meM likhA hai jisameM cInI yAtriyoM ke maiksikoM jAne kA varNana hai / tathA unhoMne apane lekhoM meM vahAM kI citrakAla meM kamala aura svastika Adi pratIkoM kA varNana kiyA hai / maiksikoM se prApta kAyotsarga digambara mUrti, stUpa tathA mAyA aura ejaTeka sabhyatA ke avazeSoM meM jo mUrtiyA~ tathA pratIka cinha mile hai usakI sAdRzyatA Azcarya janaka rUpa se jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM tathA unake pratIkoM se hai| isa sandarbha meM vizeSa khojakI jAnI cAhie / * nepAla meM hameM namI aura mali nAmaka gA~va Aja bhI dRSTigocara hote hai| eka nepAlI vidvAna RSikeza sAhA ke anusAra A sage Muni named Ne became the Protector of their land and the founder of its first ruling dynasty nepAla kA artha hai Ne dvArA saMrakSita bhUmi / ye Ne nami kA hI pratirUpa hai| muni suvrata svAmI kA kailAsa meM jAne kA varNana hameM milatA hai / caudahavIM zatAbdI meM zrIjinaprabha sUri jI ne vividha tIrthakalpa meM zrI zAntinAtha bhagavAna ke mahAtIrtha kA ullekha karake use zrIlaMkA meM honA batAyA hai|

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102 jainatva jAgaraNa..... * zrIlaMkA meM jaina dharma bahuta prAcIna kAla se hai / vahA~ kI sabase lambI nadI mahAvelI gaMgA jisa pahAr3I se nikalI hai use Adams peak kahate haiN| isI ke zikhara para zrIpad maMdira hai, isake dakSiNa aura pUrva meM ratna patthara prApta hote haiM jinameM Emarald, Rubies and Sapphires pramukha hai, isalie isa kSetra ko ratnadvIpa bhI kahate haiM / yahA~ para siMhalI jAti ke loga rahate haiM / siMhala nAma se isa pahAr3I kA nAma Saman Takuta (peak of saman) par3A / isakI coTI para car3hane ko svargArohaNa kahA jAtA hai / isalie ise Mount Rohan bhI kahate haiM / kahate haiM yahA~ jo pada-cinha hai God Saman ke hai| brAhmaNa ise ziva ke caraNa kahate haiN| caraNoM ke pAsa meM jo maMdira hai vaha Saman Temple hai / yaha pahAr3I dekhane meM bilakula pirAmiDa kI taraha lagatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM arabavAsI isa kSetra ko Dib kahate the| jinaprabhasUri jI ne zrIlaMkA meM solahaveM tIrthaMkara zrI zAMtinAtha ke mahAtIrtha hone kA ullekha kiyA * vaidika sAhitya meM kurma purANa kA muni suvrata svAmI ke pratIka kurma se sAmya milatA hai / Rgveda (23, 27, 32) meM kurma RSi ke upadeza saMkalita hai jinakoM hama tIrthaMkara muni suvrata svAmI ke rUpa meM pahacAna sakate haiM kurma purANa (40, 27, 41) meM likhA hai ki viSNu ke kurma avatAra ke rUpa meM RSabha ke vaMza meM janma liyA thA tathA unhoMne paMca mahAvratoM ke pAlana kA upadeza diyA thA / paMca mahAvrata jaina darzana ke mukhya vrata hai| kurma purANa meM hiMsaka bali kA virodha, zAkAhAra evaM dina meM bhojana karane kA jo varNana milatA hai usase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki muni suvrata svAmI ko vaidika sAhitya meM kurma avatAra ke rUpa meM zAmila kiyA gayA hai / * yajurveda (1-25) meM jaina tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi ke sandarbha meM varNana milatA hai| prabhAsa purANa meM likhA hai ki unhoMne raivatagiri giranAra meM nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| mahAbhArata (a 129 zloka 50-52) meM bhI ariSTanemi ke viSaya meM ullekha milatA hai / DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne (Indian Phlosophy Vol. Pg. 287) meM likhA hai ki yajurveda meM tIna tIrthaMkara kA varNana hai RSabha, ajita aura ariSTanemi / Dr. G Roth ne apanI pustaka "Historicity of the Tirthankaras" meM isa tathya para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai / There are some motifs on the Mohanjodaro seals, are identical with those found in

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 103 the ancient Jain art of Mathura." * sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA kA prathama caraNa 9,000 sAla pUrva kA mAnA gayA hai tathA yahA para khetI kA prArambha bhI 9,000 sAla se 1100 sAla ke bIca huA aisA vidvAnoM kA mAnanA hai ki har3appA se prApta mUrti ke viSayameM DaoN. TI.ena. rAmacandrana ne spaSTa likhA hai ki We are perhaps recognising in Harrappa statue a full fledged Jain Tirthankara in the characteristic pose of physical abandon (kayotsarga). The statue under description is therefore a splendid representative specimen of this thought of Jainism at perhaps its very inception. ye sabhyatA gujarAta se lekara sampUrNa aphagAnistAna se Upara svAtaghATI, vaisTarna tibbata, kAzmIra, khotAna, kajAkistAna, cAinA, maMgoliyA sAiberiyA taka panapI aura ye sabhI kSetra Samanism se prabhAvita the / DaoN. ema. ela. zarmA, rAyabahAdura ramAprasAda canda, pro. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra, DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI Adi aneka itihAsakAroM ne sindhu ghATI sabhyatA ko RSabha saMskRti se prabhAvita mAnA hai / * Dr. Zimmer ke anusAra "Jainism represent the thinking of the non Aryan people of India and believed that there is truth in the Jaina idea that their religion goes back to a remote antiquity in question being that of the Pre Aryans' so called Dravidian period which has recently been dramatically illuminated by the discovery of a series of great late stone age cities in the Indus valley dating from the third and perhaps even to the forth millennium B.C." Aja taka kI khojoM ke anusAra yahA~ kI sabhyatA dakSiNa-pUrvI eziyA se jyAdA prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai / South East eziyA meM abhI taka pA~ca hajAra sAla pUrva aura kucha sthAnoM para ATha hajAra sAloM taka kA samaya vidvAnoM ne nirdhArita kiyA hai| Shri T. N. Ramcharandran Joint Director-General Archaeological Department, Goverment of India while leading an expedition of Afghanisatan says.

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... "I had occasion to verify the records of Yuan Chwang (Hien Tsan-600-654A.A.) who said, 'There are many Tirthankaras heretiecs** here, who worship the Ksuna Deva. Those who invoke him with faith obtain their wishes....... The Tirthankaras by subduing their minds and mortifying the flesh get from the spirits of heaven sacred formule with which they control desires and recover the sick.' 104 tibbata se prApta prAcIna citra digambara muniyoM ke haiM parantu jinheM bhramavaza bauddhoM kA mAna liyA gayA hai| jabaki bauddhoM meM nagna mUrtiyA~ nahIM hotI / "The four monasteries.... their special marks... these paintings represent Buddhist saints often nude and in standing position." (History of Western Tibet - A. H. Francka). paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne apanI tibbata yAtrA ke daurAna aneka jaina mUrtiyoM ko eka baMda kamare meM par3A huA dekhA thA / una mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM kA vivaraNa bhI unhoMne apanI kitAba 'merI tibbata yAtrA' meM diyA hai / I isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki jaina dharma ke tIrthaMkaroM kA astittva sirpha bhArata meM hI nahIM balki cAroM dizAoM meM milatA hai / lekina durbhAgyavaza zramaNa saMskRti kA vAstavika svarUpa jaina dharma ke rUpa meM Aja sirpha bhAratavarSa meM hI sImita raha gayA hai / puSyamitra aura zaMkarAcArya jaise prabala zaiva upAsakoM dvArA pratAr3ita karane ke bAvajUda jainadharma kA astittva Aja bhI yahA~ para barakarAra hai / jaina dharma kI prAgaitihAsikatA, ati prAcInatA aura anAditA ke pravahamAna dhArA se prApta sAkSyoM se caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke astitva meM sahaja hI AsthA aura vizvAsa sthira hotA hai / hameM apanI isa vizva vikhyAta evaM mAnya tIrthaMkara paramparA para garva honA caahie| kyoMki vizva ke samasta dharma aura mAnavIya AtmavikAsa evaM ssabhyatA-ssAmAjika ssaMskRti kA mUla AdhAra yahI tIrthaMkara paramparA haiM /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 8. jinapratimA kA prAcIna svarUpa : eka samIkSAtmaka ciMtana jaina paramparA meM ati prAcIna kAla se hI jinamUrti-jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa evaM pUjana kI paramparA rahI hai / vartamAna samaya meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya tIrthaMkaroM kI savastra netrayukta pratimAe~ evaM digaMbara paramparA meM mAnya tIrthaMkaroM kI pUrNa ala dhyAnamagna pratimAe~ pracalita hai / purAtana kAla kI pratimAoM meM donoM prakAra kI pratimAoM ke avazeSa prApta hote haiN| kintu, yaha eka samIkSAtmaka satya hai ki zvetAmbara paraMparA bhI pUrvakAla meM digaMbara pratimAoM ko mAnya rakhatI thI / anekoM prApta digaMbara pratimAeM pUrvakAla meM zvetAmbaroM dvArA pratiSThita ko mAnya rakhatI thI / anekoM prApta digaMbara pratimAe~ pUrvakAla meM zvetAmbaroM dvArA pratiSThita-pUjita thii| ataH digambara pratimAoM ke avazeSa mAtra digambara paramparA se saMbaMdha rakhate hai, aisA kahanA anucita hogA / isa lekha jinapratimA ke isI prAcIna svarupa para anusaMdhAna kiyA gayA hai / jinabhASita maI 2003 ke aMka meM digambaroM kI 'jina pratimA kI pahacAna ke pramANa' nAmaka sampAdakIya Alekha ke sAtha-sAtha DaoN. nIraja jaina kA lekha digambara jaina pratimA kA svarUpaH spaSTIkaraNa tathA digambara pratimA ke svarUpa ke spaSTIkaraNa kI samIkSA ke rUpa meM paNDita mUlacaMda jI luhAr3iyA ke lekha dekhane ko mile / ukta tInoM hI AlekhoM ke par3hane se aisA lagatA hai ki aitihAsika satyoM unake sAkSyoM ko eka ora rakhakara kevala sAmpradAyika AgrahoM se hI hama tathyoM ko samajhane kA prayatna karate haiM / yaha tathya na kevala ina AlekhoM se siddha hotA hai apitu unameM jina zvetAmbara AcAryoM aura unake granthoM ke sandarbha diye gaye hai, usase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai / punaH kisI prAcIna sthiti kI puSTi yA khaNDana ke lie jo pramANa diye jAe unake saMbaMdha meM yaha spaSTa honA cAhie ki samakAlIna yA nikaTa pazcAtkAlIna pramANa hI Thosa hote haiM / prAcIna pramANoM kI upekSA kara paravartI kAlIna pramANoM ko satya mAna lenA samyaka pravRtti nahIM haiN| AdaraNIya nIraja jI, luhAr3iyA jI evaM DaoN. ratanacaMdra jI jaina vidyA ke gambhIra vidvAna haiN| unameM bhI nIraja jI to jaina purAtatva ke talasparzI vidvAn hai| unake dvArA prAcIna pramANoM kI upekSA ho, aisA vizvAsa bhI nahIM hotaa| ye lekha nizcaya hI sAmpradAyika

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106 jainatva jAgaraNa..... vivAdoM se upajI unakI ciMtAoM ko hI ujAgara karate haiM / vastutaH vartamAna meM maMdira evaM mUrtiyoM ke svAmitva ke jo vivAda gaharAte jA rahe hai, vahIM ina lekhoM kA kAraNa haiM / kintu hama inake kAraNa satya se mukha nahIM mor3a sakate hai| ina lekhoM meM jo pramANa prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unheM pUrvakAlIna sthiti meM kitanA pramANika mAnA jAye yaha eka vicAraNIya muddA haiM / sabase pahale unakI pramANikatA kI hI samIkSA karanA Avazyaka hai| yahA~ maiM jo bhI carcA karanA cAhU~gA vaha vizuddha rUpa se jaina saMskRti ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se karanA cAhU~gA / yahA~ merA kisI paramparA vizeSa ko puSTa karane yA khaNDita karane kA koI abhiprAya nahIM hai / merA mukhya abhiprAya kevala jina pratimA ke svarUpa ke saMdarbha meM aitihAsika satyoM ko ujAgara karanA haiM / ___ apane sampAdakIya meM pro. ratanacandra jaina se sarvaprathama vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA nimna saMdarbha prastuta kiyA hai : jinendrA api na sarvathaivAcelakAH savve vi ega dUseNaniggayA jinavarA cauvvIsa -ityAdi vacanAt (vizeSAvazyaka bhASya vRtti saha gAthA-2551) jaba sAkSAt tIrthaMkara devaduSya-vastra yukta hote hai jo unakA pratimA bhI devaduSya yukta honA cAhiye / prastuta saMdarbha vastutaH lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI kA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki chaThI zatAbdI meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara paramparA eka dUsare se pRthaka ko cukI thii| prastuta gAthA aura usakI vRtti hI nahIM, yaha sampUrNa grantha hI zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM kA sampoSaka hai, cAhe AcarAMga kA yaha kathana satya ho ki, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSita hote samaya eka vastra grahaNa kiyA, kintu dUsarI ora yaha bhI satya hai ki unhoMne teraha mAha ke pazcAt usa vastra kA parityAga kara diyA thA / usake pazcAt ve AjIvana acela hI rahe / kintu pArzva ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA yaha kathana svayaM zrI uttarAdhyayana se hI khaNDita ho jAtA hai ki pArzva bhI eka hI vastra lekara dIkSita huye the / vastra ke saMbaMdha meM pArzva kI paramparA santarottara thI arthAt pArzva kI paramparA ke muni eka adhovastra (aMtara-vAsaka) aura eka uttarIya aise do vastra dhAraNa karate the| yahA~ yaha bhI mAnanA buddhigamya nahIM lagatA ki kisI bhI tIrthaMkara kI ziSya paramparA apane guru se bhinna AcAra kA pAlana

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 107 karatI ho / ataH zvetAmbaroM kA yaha 4kahanA ki gautama Adi mahAvIra kI paramparA ke gaNadhara savastra the- satya pratIta nahIM hotA hai isI prakAra digambara paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA ki sAre tIrthaMkara evaM unake ziSya acela hI the, vizvasanIya nahIM lagatA haiM / yaha bAta bhI satya ho sakatI hai ki cAhe bhagavAna mahAvIra ne muniyoM kI nimna zreNI ke rUpa meM ailake aura kSullakoM kI vyavasthA kI ho aura ailako ko eka vastra tathA kSullako ko do vastra rakhane kI anumati dI hai tathA isI saMbaMdha meM 'sAmAyikacAritra' aura 'chedopasthApanIya cAritra' (mahAvratAropaNa) aisI dvividha cAritra kI vyavasthAeM dI ho / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne savastra muniyoM ko munisaMgha meM barAbarI kA darjA nahIM diyA ho / yaha bAta svayaM zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita 'sAmAyikacAritra' aura 'chedopasthApanIya cAritra' kI avadhAraNA se bhI siddha hotI haiM / zvetAmbaroM meM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kI avadhAraNA tathA digambara paramparA meM kSullaka, ailaka evaM acela muni ke bheda yahI siddha karate haiM / yahA~ hama isa carcA meM vizeSa utaranA nahIM cAhate, kevala yaha spaSTa karane kA hI prayatna kareMge ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya mUlataH zvetAmbara paramparA ke dRSTikoNa kA sampoSaka hai, usake racanAkAla taka arthAt chaThI-sAtavIM zatI taka tIrthaMkaroM kI zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anurUpa mUrtiyA~ bananA prArambha ho gaI thii| akoTA kI RSabhadeva kI pratimA isakA pramANa haiM / ataH usake kathanoM ko pUrvakAlIna sthitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA kA yaha kathana ki sabhI tIrthaMkara eka devadRSya vastra lekara dIkSita hote hai aura digambara paramparA kA yaha kathana ki sabhI tIrthaMkara acela hokara dIkSita hote haisAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke bAda ke kathana haiM / ye prAcIna sthiti paricAyaka nahIM haiM / yaha satya hai ki mahAvIra acelatA ke hI pakSadhara the, cAhe AcArAga ke anusAra unhoMne eka vastra liyA bhI ho, kintu nizcaya to yahI kiyA thA ki maiM isakA upayoga nahIM karUMgA- jise zvetAmbara bhI svIkAra karate haiM / mAtra yahI nahIM, zvetAmbara mAnyatA yaha bhI svIkAra karatI hai ki unhoMne teraha mAha pazcAt usa vastra kA bhI tyAga kara diyA aura phira acela hI rahe / mahAvIra kI acelatA ke kAraNa hI prAcIna tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA acela hI banI / punaH cUMki usa kAla meM buddha kI mUrti sacela hI banatI thI, ataH paramparA kA bheda dikhAne ke lie bhI tIrthaMkara pratimAeM acela hI banatI thii| pro. ratanacaMdrajI ne dUsarA pramANa zvetAmbara muni kalyANavijayajI ke 'paTTAvalI

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108 jainatva jAgaraNa..... parAga' se diyA, vastutaH muni kalyANavijayajI kA yaha ullekha bhI zvetAmbara pakSa kI puSTi ke saMdarbha meM hI haiM / unakA yaha kahanA ki vastra bhI itanI sUkSma rekhAoM se dikhAyA jAtA thA ki dhyAna se dekhane se hI usakA patA lagatA thA, yaha bAta kevala apane sampradAya kI mAnyatA ko puSTa karane ke liye kahI gaI hai| prAcIna mUrtiyoM meM hI nahIM, vartamAna zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM meM bhI sUkSma rekhA dvArA uttarIya ko dikhAne kI koI paramparA nahIM hai, mAtra kaTivastra dikhAte haiM / yadi yaha paramparA hotI to vartamAna meM bhI zvetAmbara mUtiyoM meM vAmaskaMdha se vastra ko dikhAne kI vyavasthA pracalita rhtii| vastutaH pratimA para vAmaskandha se vastra dikhAne kI paramparA bauddhoM kI rahI hai aura dhyAnastha buddha aura jina pratimA meM antara isI AdhAra para dekhA jAtA haiN| ataH jina pratimA ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM muni kalyANavijayajI kA kathana bhI pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isI prakAra pro. ratanacaMdrajI ne 'pravacanaparIkSA' kA eka uddharaNa bhI diyA hai| unakA yaha kathana ki jinendra bhagavAna kA guhyaya pradeza zubha prabhAmaNDala ke dvArA vastra ke samAna hI AcchAdita rahatA hai aura carmacakSuoM ke dvArA dikhAI nahIM detA / vastutaH tIrthakaroM ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kalpanA atizaya ke rUpa meM hI kI jAtI haiM / lekina cAhe zvetAmbara paramparA ho yA digambara paramparA, atizayoM kI yaha kalpanA tIrthaMkara ke saMbaMdha meM satya ho, mUrti ke saMbaMdha meM satya nahIM / vaijJAnika satya yaha hai ki yadi mUrti nagna hai to vaha nagna hI dikhAI degii| kintu 'pravacanaparIkSA' meM upAdhyAya dharmasAgarajI kA yaha kathana ki giranAra parvata ke svAmitva ko lekara jo vivAda uThA usake pUrva padmAsana kI jinapratimAoM meM na to nagnatva kA pradarzana hotA thA aura na vastra cinha banAyA jAtA thA, samIcIna lagatA haiM / ataH prAcIna kAla kI zvetAmbara aura digambara padmAsana kI pratimAoM meM bheda nahIM hotA thaa| unakA yaha kathana isa satya ko to pramANita karatA hai ki pUrva kAla meM jina pratimAoM meM zvetAmbara aura digambara kA bheda nahIM hotA thA kintu hameM yaha bhI samajhanA hogA ki bheda to tabhI ho sakatA thA, jaba donoM sampradAya pUrvakAla meM astitva meM hote| mathurA kI mUrtiyoM tathA eka halsI ke abhilekha se yaha spaSTa rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki saMghabheda ke pazcAt bhI kucha kAla taka maMdira va mUrtiyA~ alaga-alaga nahIM hote the / abhI taka upalabdha jo bhI sAkSya hai unase yahI siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara pratimAoM meM svarUpa bheda lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI se

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 109 astitva meM AyA / AkoTA kI dhAtu mUrti ke pUrva vastra yukta zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM ke koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai, yadyapi chaThI zatAbdI se zvetAmbara digambara mUrtiyA~ alaga-alaga hone lagI, kintu usa samaya bhI prAcIna tIrtha kSetra the unameM jo prAcIna mUrtiyA thI, ve yadi padmAsana kI mudrA meM hotI thI to unameM liMga banAne kI paramparA nahIM thI aura yadi ve khar3agAsana kI mudrA meM hotI thI to spaSTa rUpa se unameM liMga banAyA jAtA thA / hA~, yaha avazya satya hai ki paravartI kAla ke zvetAmbara AcArya bhI una nagna mUrtiyoM kA darzana, vaMdana Adi karate the| pro. ratanacandrajI ne bIsavIM zatAbdI ke sthAnakavAsI AtmArAmajI aura hastImalajI ke granthoM se bhI uddharaNa prastuta kiye, lekina ye uddharaNa bhI pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiye jA sakate, kyoMki AcArya AtmArAmajI evaM AcArya hastImala jI ne jo kucha likhA hai vaha apanI amUrtipUjaka sAmpradAyika mAnyatA kI puSTi hetu hI likhA haiM / punaH bIsavIM zatAbdI ke kisI AcArya ke dvArA jo kucha likhA jAye vaha pUrva kAla ke saMdarbha meM pUrI taraha pramANita ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hotA haiM / jahA~ taka AcArya hastImala jI ke uddharaNa kA prazna hai, ve sthAnakavAsI amUrtipUjaka paramparA ke AcArya the / unhoMne jaina dharma ke maulika itihAsa meM jo kucha likhA hai vaha apanI paramparA ko puSTa karane kI dRSTi se hI likhA hai ataH niSpakSa itihAsa kI dRSTi se unake kathana bhI pramANa rUpa se grAhya nahIM ho sakate haiM / aba hama jinapratimAoM ke sambandha meM prAcIna sthiti kyA thI, ise bhI kucha purAtAtvika abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se siddha kareMge / kaMkAlI TIle se prApta purAtAttvika sAmagrI aura zilAlekhoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdI se hI vahA~ jinamUrtiyA~ nirmita huI hai aura ve pratimAeM Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / AcArya hastImalajI kA yaha kathana ki AcArya nAgArjuna Adi yadi mUrtipUjA ke pakSadhara hote to unake dvArA pratisthApita mUrtiyAM aura maMdiroM ke avazeSa kahIM na kahIM avazya upalabdha hote / kintu nAgArjuna ke nAma kA koI mUrtilekha upalabdha na ho, to isase yaha nirNaya to nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki jaina saMgha meM isake pUrva mUrtipUjA kA pracalana nahIM thA / zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM vizeSa rUpa se kalpasUtra-sthavirAvalI meM ullekhita gaNa, zAkhA aura kuloM ke aneka AcAryoM kI preraNA se sthApita abhilekha yukta aneka martiyA~ mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se hI upalabdha haiN| AcArya zrI hastimalajI kA 'kaliMgajina' ko 'kaliMgajana' pATha mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM haiM / paTanA ke lohAnIpura kSetra se

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 110 milI jina pratimA isa tathya kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki jaina paramparA meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 150 varSa pazcAt hI jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa prArambha ho gayA thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki IsvI pUrva tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa alagaalaga pratimAoM kA nirmANa nahIM hotA thA / zvetAmbara digambara paramparA ke bheda ke bAda bhI lagabhaga cAra sau sAla kA itihAsa yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve saba eka hI maMdira meM pUjA upAsanA karate the / halsI ke abhilekha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vahA~ zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha, nigrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha aura yApanIya saMgha tInoM hI upasthita the, kintu unake maMdira aura pratimAe~ bhinna bhinna nahIM the / rAjA ne apane dAna meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki isa grAma kI Aya kA eka bhAga jinendradevatA ke lie, eka bhAga vApanIya (confim) saMgha hetu aura eka bhAga jinendradevatA ke lie, eka bhAga zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha hetu aura eka bAga nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha ke hetu upayoga kiyA jaae| yadi unake maMdira va mUrti bhinna bhinna hote, to aisA ullekha sambhava nahIM hotA / bhAI ratanacanda jI kA yaha kathana satya hai ki IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se pahale jitanI bhI jina pratimA upalabdha huI hai, ve saba sarvathA acela aura nagna haiM / unakA yaha kathana bhI satya hai ki savastra jina pratimAoM kA aMkana lagabhaga chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI se hI prArambha hotA hai / kintu isake pUrva kI sthiti kyA thI, isa saMbaMdha meM ve prAya: cupa hai yadi zvetAmbara paramparA kA astitva usake pUrva meM bhI thA to ve kina pratimAoM kI pUjA karate the ? yA to hama yaha mAne ki chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA astitva hI nahIM thA, kintu isa mAnyatA ke virodha meM bhI aneka purAtAttvika evaM sAhityika sAkSya jAte haiM / yaha to spaSTa hai ki jaina saMgha meM bhadrabAhu aura sthUlibhadra ke kAla ke mAnyatA aura AcAra bheda prArambha ho gae the| aura mahAvIra ke saMgha meM kramazaH vastra - pAtra Adi kA pracalana bhI bar3ha rahA thA / isa saMbaMdha meM mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle ke spaSTa pramANa upalabdha haiM / kaMkAlI TIle ke IsvI pUrva prathama sadI se lekara IsA kI prathama dvitIya sadI taka ke jo purAtAtvika sAkSya hai, unameM tIna bAteM bahuta spaSTa hai :1. jahA~ taka jina mUrtiyoM kA saMbaMdha hai jo khaDgAsana kI jina 1 pratimAeM hai unameM spaSTa rUpa se liMga kA pradarzana hai, padmAsana kI jo pratimAeM hai unameM na to liMga kA aMkana hai na hI vastra

Page #113
jainatva jAgaraNa....... 111 aMcala kA aMkana / sAmAnya dRSTi se ye pratimAe~ acela hai / 2. kintu ina pratimAoM ke nIce jo abhilekha upalabdha hai aura unameM jina AcAryoM ke nAma, kula, zAkhA evaM gaNa Adi ullekha hai ve sabhI prAyaH zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anurUpa haiM / yaha bhI satya hai ki kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM varNita kula, zAkhA evaM gaNa ko evaM usameM varNita AcAra ko zvetAmbara apanI pUrva paramparA hI mAnate haiM / yaha bhI satya hai ki digambara paramparA una kula, zAkhA, guNa aura AcAryoM ko apane se saMbaddha nahIM mAnatI hai / 3. isake atirikta jo vizeSa mahatvapUrNa tathya hai vaha yaha hai ki aneka tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kI pAdapITha para dharmacakra ke aMkana ke sAtha-sAtha caturvidha saMgha kA aMkana bhI upalabdha hai, usameM sAdhvI mUrtiyAM to savastra pradarzita hai kintu jahAM taka muni mUrtiyoM kA prazna hai ve spaSTa rUpa se nagna haiM, kintu unake hAthoM meM sampUrNa kambala tathA mukha vastrikA pradarzita haiM / kucha munimUrtiyA~ aisI bhI upalabdha hotI hai jinake hAthoM meM pAtra pradarzita hai / eka munimUrti isa rUpa meM bhI upalabdha hai ki vaha nagna hai kintu usake eka hAtha meM pratilekhana aura dUsare hAtha meM zvetAmbara samAja meM Aja bhI pracalita pAtra yukta jholI hai / ina muni mUrtiyoM ko sarvathA acela paramparA kI bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, vastutaH ye zvetAmbara paramparA ke vikAsa kI pUrva sthiti kI sUcaka hai tathA usake dvArA pratisthApita, vaMdanIya evaM pUjyanIya rahI hai, ye mUrtiyA~ nizcita rUpa se acela haiM / punaH yadi zvetAmbara unake pratiSThApaka AcAryoM ko apanA mAnate hai to unheM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki prAcIna kAla meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI acela mUrtiyoM kI hI upAsanA kI paramparA thI / zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA yadyapi paravartI hai, kintu isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki zvetAmbara dhArA ke pUrva AcArya evaM upAsaka jina mUrtiyoM

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112 jainatva jAgaraNa..... kI upAsanA nahIM karate the / vastutaH ve acela mUrtiyoM ko hI pUjate the| Aja jo zvetAmbara paramparA meM mUrtiyoM ko jisa prakAra savastra rUpa se aMkana karane kI paramparA hai, vaha eka nizcita hI paravartI paramparA hai aura lagabhaga chaThI zatI se astitva meM AI hai tAki mUrtiyoM ko lekara vivAda na ho, isI kAraNa se yaha aMtara kiyA gayA haiM / tathA mUrtiyoM ko AbhUSaNa Adi se sajjita karane, kaoNca athavA ratna Adi kI Akhe lagAne Adi kI jo paramparA AI hai, mUlaH sahavartI hindU dharma kI bhaktimArgIya paramparA kA prabhAva haiM / AdaraNIya zrI nIrajajI jaina, zrI mUlacaMdajI luhAr3iyA aura pro. ratanacaMdajI jaina kI ciMtA ke do kAraNa hai, prathama to mUrti aura maMdiroM ko lekara jo vivAda gaharAte jAte hai. unase kaise bacA jAye aura prAcIna maMdira aura mUrtiyoM ko digambara paramparA se hI sambaddha kaise siddha kiyA jAye / unakI ciMtA yathArtha hai, kintu isa AdhAra para isa aitihAsika satya ko nakAra denA ucita nahI hogA ki IsA kI pAMcavI-chaThI zatI ke pUrva zvetAmbara paramparA bhI acela mUrtiyoM kI upAsanA karatI thI, kyoMki mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta abhilekha aura caturvidha saMgha ke aMkana se yukta anekoM mUrtiyA~ isake prabalatama sAkSya upasthita karatI hai, unheM nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| .. AUHANA N . 4 Jatil nara....

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 9. zramaNa saMskRti kI zalAkA bhUmi pUrvI bhArata nAstaM kadAcidupayAsi na rAhugamyaH spaSTIkaroSi sahasA yugapajjaganti / nAmbhodharodhara-nirUddha-mahAprabhAvaH sUryAtizAyi - mahimA'si munIndra ! loka // prAcI dizA se sUrya pratidina udita hokara sAre jagata ko Alokita karatA hai; lekina usakA yaha prakAza sImita kSetra meM hotA hai, kabhI rAhu se grasita hotA hai, kahIM bAdaloM meM AcchAdita ho jAtA hai, parantu tIrthaMkaroM ke jJAnarUpI sUrya ke prakAza ko koI bhI padArtha avaruddha nahIM kara sakatI hai / unakA jJAnarUpI sUrya tInoM lokoM ke sabhI padArthoM ko tInoM kAloM meM eka sAtha prakAzita karatA hai / " 113 eka bAra DaoN. enI besenTa se kisI jijJAsu ne pUchA ki kyA Apa batAeMgI ki vizva ke purAne aura naye dezoM meM bhArata kA kyA vaiziSTya hai ? javAba meM unhoMne kahA - " bhagavAna ne bhArata ko jo diyA hai vaha kisI bhI deza ko nahIM diyA, kintu jo dUsare dezoM ko diyA hai vaha saba bhArata ko diyA hai| paramezvara ne yUnAna ko saundarya, roma ko vidhi, ijarAIla ko majahaba aura bhArata ko eka aisA dharma pradAna kiyA hai jisameM samasta sRSTi kA yogakSema aura prANI mAtra ko dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai / vAstava meM yadi hama dekhe to bhArata ke pAsa aisA tattvajJAna kA darzana hai" jisameM samasta jar3a aura cetana nihita hai aura yaha tattvajJAna hameM hamAre tIrthaMkaroM ke divya jJAna se prApta huA hai / jinhoMne tapa, tyAga aura sAdhanA dvArA kevalajJAna prakaTa kiyA aura sarvajJa banane ke bAda jina sanAtana siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA unhIM ke kAraNa Aja bhI bhArata ko vaicArika kSetra meM duniyA meM sabase mahAna mAnA jAtA hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevala jJAna ke viSaya meM unake ziSya sudharmA svAmI se jambU svAmI ne pUchA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA jJAna darzana kaisA thA, unakA AcAra kaisA thA, Apa isa

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 114 viSaya meM yathAtathya jAnate the aura sunA bhI hai ataH kRpA kara batAie ? javAba meM sudharmA svAmI jI ne kahA- "he jambU, bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI saMsArI jIvoM ke duHkhoM ko jAnane meM kuzala the / ve mahAyazasvI bhagavAna, ananta jJAnI, ananta darzI aura mahAna RSi the / unako arhanta dazA meM sUkSma padArtha bhI A~khoM ke samAna dekhane vAlA jAno aura unake dharma tathA saMyama kI dRr3hatA ko vicAro / " "una kevalajJAnI bhagavAna ne UMcI-nIcI aura tirachI dizA meM jo trasa aura sthAvara prANI haiM, unako nitya aura anitya rUpa se jAnakara unake AdhAra ke liye dharma rUpI dIpa kA samyaka rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA / " "ve sarvadarzI bhagavAna, apratihata kevalajJAna vAle aura nirdoSa cAritra vAle the, ve parama dhIra prabhu apanI AtmA meM sthira, parigraha se rahita, nirbhaya, Ayu rahita aura samasta padArthoM ke utkRSTa jJAtA the / " " ve mahAna buddhimAna prabhu, apratibaddha vihArI, saMsAra samudra se tirAne vAle, parama vIra, aura ananta jJAnavAn the / ve sUrya evaM vairocana agni kI taraha ajJAna rUpa andhakAra kA nAza karake jJAna kA prakAza karane vAle the / " bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA ke viSaya meM bauddha grantha majjhimanikAya bhAga 1 pRSTha 62/63 meM likhA hai "nirgrantha jJAta putra sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI hai, ve azeSa jJAna aura darzana ke jJAtA haiM / calate, Thaharate, sote, jAgate samasta avasthAoM meM sadaiva unakA jJAna aura darzana upasthita rahatA hai / " tIrthaMkaroM ke isI jJAna ke prakAza se prAcyabhUmi itihAsAtIta kAla se sadiyoM taka prajvalita rahI / pauravika bhArata kI isa gauravamaya aitihAsika paramparA ko jAnanA aura use punaH sthApita evaM pratiSThita karanA hI hamArA dhyeya hai / atharvaveda meM vrAtyoM kA priyadhAma prAcI dizA ko batAyA gayA haipriya dhAma bhavati tasya prAcya dizi / - atharvaveda 15/2/15

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 115 ina vrAtyoM kI sAdhanA bhUmi pUrvI bhArata ke magadha, aMga, baMga aura kaliMga ke kSetra the| yadyapi ye loga deza ke aura bhAgoM meM bhI phaile hue the lekina unakI karmabhUmi sadiyoM taka pUrvI bhArata hI rahI / isa kSetra ke brAhmaNoM ke liye bhI brAhmaNa sUtroM meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki prAcya deza ke brAhmaNa veda aura yAga-yajJa ko AsAnI se chor3a dete haiM arthAt patita ho jAte haiM / jJAtavya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha gaNadhara indrabhUti, vAyubhUti, agnibhUti, sudharmA svAmI Adi magadha ke prasiddha brAhmaNa vidvAna the jinhoMne nirgrantha dharma ko apanAyA thA / jainetara granthoM meM prAcya deza meM brAhmaNoM kA jAnA niSiddha mAnA gayA thA kyoMki ye zramaNa saMskRti se prabhAvita kSetra the / unameM yahA~ taka likhA hai ki kAzI meM koI kauvA bhI mare to sIdhA vaikuSTha jAtA hai lekina yadi magadha meM manuSya bhI mare to gadhe kI yoni meM janma letA hai| isase yaha svataH hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pUrvI bhArata usa samaya eka aisA AInA thA jisake sAmane jAne para vyakti ko apanA sahI ceharA dikhAI de jAtA thA / brAhmaNa apane ko veda jJAnI mAnate the lekina prAcya bhUmi meM jAkara vahA~ kI saMskRti aura jJAna ke vaibhava ke darzana se unako apanA jJAna usake sAmane nyUna dikhAI par3atA / isIlie Aine meM vastra pahane hue bhI vastra vihIna dazA yAni apane prakRtasvarUpa ke darzana hone ke bhaya se brAhmaNoM ko vahAM jAnA niSiddha likhA gyaa| svargIya nemicaMdajI jaina ke zabdoM meM- "aMga, baMga, magadha, utkala ko chor3a jo Arya the unameM vastutaH dharma kI rAgAtmaka chavi kA hI vikAsa adhika huA thA, usakA cintanAtmaka / jJAnAtmaka / dArzanika pakSa unameM pUrI taraha khula / ughar3a nahIM pAyA / jise hama dharma kA cintana-pakSa kahate haiM, usakA paTotthAna mukhyataH magadha, baMga, utkala meM hI ho sakA / vrAtyoM ko lekara AryoM kA jo dRSTikoNa thA, vaha bhI atiraMjita / pUrvAgrahayukta thA / yaha bhrama brAhmaNa hI adhyayana, manana, cintana kA adhikArI hai, magadha / videha hI dharA para hI mithyA sAbita huA aura lar3akhar3A kara dhvasta ho gayA / yahA~ yaha siddha ho sakA ki kSatriya bhI adhyAtma ke prAjJa vettA haiM / ho sakate haiM, balki isase kahIM adhika, jitane tatkAlIna brAhmaNa

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 116 the / indrabhUti Adi kA mahAvIra ke anekAntAtmaka pratipAdana ke prati natazIza honA isI kA jvalanta pramANa hai / " isIlie vaidika brAhmaNoM kA rukha isa kSetra ke nivAsiyoM ke prati zatrutApUrNa thA / Rgveda meM varNana hai ki " RSiyoM ke prati dveSa rakhane vAloM ko apanA zatru samajho, jo veda se bhinna vrata vAle haiM daNDita ho, yajJa parAyaNa ko yajJahInoM kA dhana prApta ho / " ye prAcya bhUmi ke nivAsI kauna the isa viSaya meM - Rgveda kA adhyayana karane para eka vizeSa jAti ke viSaya meM patA calatA hai jo hiraNya aura maNi dvArA zobhAyamAna thI / " vyavasAya meM dakSa, jo rUpa aura santAna para garva karatI hai, jo dhanI hai, jo khAne-pAne meM rUcisampanna hai, jo dhana kI khoja meM sAmudrika yAtrA karate haiM, lekina ve indra ko nahIM mAnate, jo devahIna the, yajJovihIna the, jo deva nindaka the, jo RSiyoM ko dAna nahIM dete, jinakA darzana bhI devavihIna hai / " isa jAti ko " paNi ke nAma se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai / ina samRddhazAlI paNiyoM se hI sambhavataH hamArI prAcIna mudrA kA nAma paNa evaM vANijya saMsAra kA nAma paNya huA / bhAratavarSa meM prAcIna yuga se mudrA dhAtu ke nirmANa ke lie Avazyaka tAmra dhAtu sampadA ina paNiyoM ke adhikAra meM thI evaM bhAratavarSa kI tatkAlIna artha vyavasthA meM inakI mudrAoM kA atyadhika mahatva thA / sAdhAraNataH dhAtu sampadA ina paNiyoM ke adhikAra meM thI evaM bhAratavarSa kI tatkAlIna artha vyavasthA meM inakI mudrAoM kA atyadhika mahatva thA / sAdhAraNataH dhAtu sampanna loga hamezA hI kRSi para Azrita logoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika samRddha evaM sampanna hote haiM / Rgveda meM inheM saptasindhu ke aMcaloM ke pAra prAcya deza kA nivAsI batAyA hai aura inako vaza meM karane ke liye sUktiyoM kI racanA kI gayI / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki Rgveda kI racanA ke pUrva meM hI pUrvI bhArata meM eka unnatizIla sabhyatA nivAsa karatI thI jo yajJa aura hiMsA virodhI thI aura prAcIna nirgrantha dharma se abhinna thI / (Rgveda 6 61|1, 1/36/16, 1 / 3910, 1 / 176/4, 1 / 175/3, 1/33/5, 2/26 1, 5/2012, 2238, |6|61|1)

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 117 candragupta ke samaya yUnAnI rAjadUta maigasthanIja bhArata AyA thA / vaha candragupta ke darabAra meM bhI rahA usane prAcya nivAsiyoM ke guNoM kA varNana apanI kitAba 'inDikA' meM kiyA hai "All the Indians are free and none of thems a slave. They do not even use aliens as slaves and much less a country man of their own. They live frughally. They observe good order. Theft is a very rare occurrence. Their manners are simple. They have no suits about pledges or deposits. They confide in each other. Their houses and property they generally leave unguarded. They possess good, sober sense." maigasthanIja ina varNanoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcya nivAsiyoM kIM sabhyatA bahuta hI susaMskRta, susaMgaThita aura uccakoTi kI thI / zAyada isIlie IrSyA ke kAraNa brAhmaNoM ne inheM anArya aura asura kahakara saMbodhita kiyA hai| jaina dharma ne sadA se hI ahiMsA - satya-acaurya-brahmacarya - aparigraha Adi ke siddhAntoM se bhAvapradhAna va AcArapradhAna saMskRti kA nirmANa kara zAlIna sabhyatA ko protsAhita kiyA hai / dveSa evaM kaSAyavaza tathAkathita brAhmaNa samAja ne jaina zramaNa jaina zrAvaka jaina saMskRti ko uttarottara * pratipakSI mAnA hai / | - "All the Prachyas were considered by the Brahmanas as Asuras, the non-Aryan Bharatiya people. It was very difficult to establish the Brahmanjc Yagnic way of life in these Prachya. Asura regions. The concept Prachya, in the age of Megasthernes referred to the whole of the eastern Bharata. These Prachyas were anti- Brahmanical people." (Ancient India) yahA~ brAhmaNoM se tAtparya patita brAhmaNoM se hai / brAhmaNoM ke vAstavika svarUpa ke viSaya meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke paccIsaveM adhyAya meM likhA hai ki "jinheM kuzala puruSoM ne brAhmaNa kahA hai, jo svajanAdi meM Asakta nahIM

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118 jainatva jAgaraNa..... AAAAA hotA aura pravrajita hone meM socatA nahIM hai, jo rAga, dveSa aura bhaya Adi se rahita hai, jo trasa aura sthAvara prANiyoM ko saMkSepa yA vistAra se jAnakara trikaraNa triyoga se hiMsA nahIM karatA, jo krodha se, lobha se, hAsya se aura bhaya se jhUTha nahIM bolatA, jo kAma bhogoM se alipta hai vahIM vAstava meM brAhmaNa hai / " Age likhA hai ki na vi muMDieNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa baMbhaNo / na muNI raNNavAseNaM, kusacIreNa na tAvaso // 31 // / kevala sira muMDAne se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA, na OM kAra bolane se brAhmaNa hotA hai, araNya meM basane mAtra se koI muni nahIM ho jAtA aura . na valkalAdi pahanane se koI tApasa ho sakatA hai / samayAe samaNo hoi, baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo / nANeNa u muNI hoi, taveNa hoi tAvaso // 32 samatA se zramaNa, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni aura tapa se tapasvI hotA hai| isa prAcya bhU-bhAga meM magadha, videha, aMga, baMga aura kaliMga Adi pramukha janapada the / nissandeha rupa se yahA~ ke nivAsI vaidika brAhmaNoM se prathama vAtarazanA muni, arhata, vrAtya, nirgrantha aura zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA ke upAsaka the / jahA~ taka hamArA itihAsa jAtA hai usase pUrva kAla se isa prAcya bhUmi meM nAga, yakSa, vajji, licchavI, jJAta, malla, morya Adi anArya jAtiyoM kI sabhyatA sampoSita, aura pallavita huI thii| yahA~ kI saMskRti jJAna-vijJAna, zilpa, kalA aura kauzala Adi kI dRSTi se bahuta hI uccakoTi kI thii| isa sAMskRtika paramparA ke pravartaka aura saMvAhaka tIrthaMkara rahe the| __isa avasarpiNI kAla meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue haiM inameM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA nirvANa aSTApada parvata para aura bAIMsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAtha jI kA nirvANa gujarAta bhUmi ke giranAra parvata para huA thA / jabaki anya . bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA nirvANa prAcya bhUmi ke bihAra prAnta meM huA thaa| kalpasUtra

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 119 I ke anusAra bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya kA nirvANa campApura (aMga janapada) meM huA thA aMtima caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra kA pAvApurI meM aura zeSa bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA nirvANa sammeta zikhara meM huA jo magadha janapada ke hajArIbAga jile meM hai / teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke nAma se sammeta zikhara ko pArzvanAtha parvata bhI kahA jAtA hai| raviveSANacArya ne apane padmapurANa meM hanumAna jI kA nirvANa sthAna isI parvata para huA thA ullekha kiyA hai / vardhamAna kavi ne apane dazabhaktavAdi mahAzAstra meM rAmacandrajI kA nirvANa sthAna bhI isI parvata para batalAyA hai / baMgAla kI seMsasa riporTa 457 peja 110 meM ullekha hai ki prAcIna kAla meM pArasanAtha hila ke samIpa jainoM kI bahuta bar3I bastI thI / ataH yaha nizcita rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki yahA~ para zramaNa dharma kA udbhava tathA vikAsa zreNika bimbisAra ke zAsana kAla se bahuta pahale ho cukA thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uparAMta kAla meM bhI zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kA isa pradeza meM satata vihAra ( AvAgamana) hote rahane se yaha pradeza bihAra nAma se prasiddha huA / I. pUrva sAtavIM zatAbdI meM vihAra meM tIna pramukha janapada the 1. magadha jisakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha, 2. videha jisakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI aura 3. aMga janapada jisakI rAjadhAnI caMpA thI / magadha : prajJApanAsUtra, sUtrakRtAMgasUtra aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM magadha ko Arya janapada kahA gayA hai| Rgveda saMsAra kI sabase prAcInatama sAhityika racanA mAnA jAtA hai / pUrvI bhArata ke viSaya meM Rgveda meM spaSTa rUpa se nAma kA ullekha nahIM milatA lekina vahA~ magadha ko kIkaToM kA deza likhA hai jahA~ para gAyeM paryApta dUdha nahIM detI na unakA dUdha somarasa ke sAtha milatA hai / 'he bhAgava tU pramagandha ke somalatA vAle deza ko bhalI-bhA~ti hamAre hu~kAra se bhara do|' kiM te kRNvanti kIkaTeSu gAvo nAziraM duhe na tapanti dharmam / A no bhara pramagandasya vedo naicAzAkhaM madhavan randhayA naH Rgveda, 3 / 53|14

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... yAska ne apane nirukta 6 / 32 meM kIkaTa pradeza ko anAryoM kA nivAsa sthAna batAyA hai (kIkaTo nAma dezo anArya nivAsa) / 120 purANoM ke anusAra janhu kI pIr3hI meM kuza aura usakA bhAI amUrtayA huA aura amUrtayA ke putra gaya ke nAma se gayA nAma kA rAjya huA jo Age calakara magadha kahalAyA / isake kAphI samaya bAda kuru kI pA~cavIM pIr3hI meM vasu nAma kA pratApI rAjA huA jisane magadha se matsya deza taka apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA aura usako pA~ca putroM meM bA~Ta diyA / usakA eka putra bRhadratha magadha kA rAjA banA jisake nAma se hI bArhadratha vaMza kI nIMva par3I / bArhadratha vaMza meM hI jarAsaMgha nAmaka pratApI rAjA huA jisakA ullekha mahAbhArata meM to hai hI, jaina granthoM meM bhI hameM milatA hai / usake samaya giri braja magadha kI rAjadhAnI thI / mahAbhArata ke samaya meM zrI kRSNa ne bhIma aura arjuna ke sAtha isI giri braja meM praveza kiyA thA / kRSNa ne arjuna ko isa giribraja ke vaibhava ke viSaya meM varNana karate hue kahA ki- "he pArtha ! dekho, magadha rAjya kA mahAnagara kaisA suzobhita hai / uttamauttama aTTAlikAoM se suzobhita yaha mahAnagarI sujalA nirupadravA aura gavAdi se pUrNa hai / vaibhAra, varAha, vRSabha, RSigiri tathA caityaka ye pAMcoM zaila sammilita hokara giribraja nagara kI rakSA kara rahe hai / " ( mahAbhArata, sabhA) kaniMghama ke anusAra Kusagrapur was the original capital of Magadha which was called Rajagriha of 'Royal Residence.' It was also named Girivraja on hill surrounded which agrees with the 'Hiuen Tsang's description of it as a town surrounded by mountains. FaHien.... states that the five hills from a girdle like the walls of a town, which is an exact description of old Rajagriha or Purani Rajagir as is now called by the people. jarAsaMgha bar3A pratApI rAjA thA usane aMga, baMga, puNDra, karusa aura cedi deza ko apane prabhAvAdhIna kara liyA thA / AvazyakacUrNi meM magahasirI gaNikA kA ullekha milatA hai jo jarAsaMgha kI gaNikA thI / bArhadratha vaMza ke bAda magadha meM haryaka vaMza kA zAsana sthApita huA jo nAgavaMza kI hI

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 121 eka zAkhA thI / isI vaMza meM zreNika bimbisAra, ajAtazatru aura udAyI pramukha rAjA hue / chaThI zatAbdI I. pUrva meM magadha uttara pUrvI bhArata kA sarvocca rAjya bana gayA thA / magadha kI samRddhi aura vikAsa kA srota usakI dhAtu sampadA thI jisake viSaya meM zrI DI. DI. ko kA kathana hai "Magadha had something for more important : the metals, and proximity to the river.......... Rajgir had the first immediate source of iron at its disposal. Secondly, it stradded (with Gaya to which the passage was through denser forest.) The main route to India's heaviest deposits of iron and copper to the south cast in the Dhalbhum and Singhbhum districts........thus Magadha had a near monopoly over the main source of state craft, __ yaha eka mahatvapUrNa tathya hai ki tIrthaMkara jisa Arya kSetra meM janma lene vAle hote haiM usa kSetra kI samRddhi aura vikAsa pahale se hI Arambha ho jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrva hI magadha kI samRddhi kA prArambha ho cukA thA aura unake samaya meM magadha eka mahatvapUrNa sAmrAjya ke rUpa meM kevala bhAratIya itihAsa meM hI nahIM balki nirgrantha dharma aura vaicArika krAnti kA mahatvapUrNa kendrIya sthala bhI bana gayA thA jo aneka utthAna patana ke bAda bhI Der3ha hajAra varSoM taka kAyama rahA / __magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha ke prAcIna nAma RSabhapura kSitipratiSTha, caNakapura, kuzAgrapura rahe the / nauveM tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha ke cAra kalyANaka cyavana, janma, dIkSA aura kevalajJAna jamuI maMDala ke kAkandI meM hue the| bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra kAkandI meM taiMtIsa samaNovAsaga (zramaNopAsaka) ko ullekha milatA hai jisase patA calatA hai ki kabhI yahA taiMtIsa zrAvaka yA jaina gRhastha nivAsa karate the / caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kAkandI meM vihAra kiyA thaa| unake kaI ziSya kAkandI ke nivAsI the| una ziSyoM ke nAma ke sAtha janapada-bodhaka nAma kAkandaka kA ullekha milatA hai| kAkandaka kA artha hai kAkanda ke nivAsI / jaina kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 122 meM jaina zramaNoM ke gaNa, zAkhA aura kuloM kI eka sUcI milatI hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki vyAghrApatya gautra ke supratibuddha kAkandaka ne susthita koTika ke sAtha koTika gaNa nAmaka jaina saMgha kI sthApanA kI thI jisakI cAra zAkhAeM thI / vaziSTha gotra ke muni gupta kAkandaka ne mAnava gaNa nAmaka eka dUsare jaina saMgha kI sthApanA kI thI / usakI bhI cAra zAkhAeM thI / bhAradvAja gotra ke bhadrayazas ne uDuvATika nAmaka gaNa kI sthApanA kI thI jisakI cammijjiyA (campiyikA), bhaddijjiyA (bhadriyika), kAkandiyA (kAkandikA), aura mehalijjiyA ( mekhaliyAkA ) nAmaka cAra zAkhAeM thI / ina zAkhAoM ke nAma janapadoM ke nAma para diye gaye hai / muMgera ke jaina tIrtha rAmaraghuvIra / dasaveM tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha kA janma hajArIbAga sthita kaluhA pahAr3I ke pAsa huA / bIsaveM tIrthaMkara muni suvratasvAmI kA janma sthAna rAjagRha thA / bhagavatI sUtra tathA uttarAdhyayana sUtra se yaha patA calatA hai ki magadha meM teisaveM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha kA kAphI prabhAva thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parivArajana bhI pArzvanAtha mata ke anuyAyI the / unake pazcAt mahAvIra ke kriyAkalApoM kA bhI mukhya kendra magadha rahA / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne cAturyAma dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isameM brahmacarya ko zAmila kara paMca mahAvratoM kA pratipAdana kiyA thA / sAdhanA aura tapasyA kA yaha prayoga isI magadha kI bhUmi para huA thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza arddhamAgadhI meM hue jo yahA~ kI pramukha bhASA thI / jyAdAtara itihAsavidoM kA mAnanA hai ki mahAvIra kA janma sthAna magadha ke jamuI ke lachavAr3a meM huA thaa| vahA~ ke gA~va ke nAma jana saMgha DihI (jaina saMgha) AdhAraja DIhI (AcArya saMgha ) Adi isakI puSTi karate haiM / lachavAr3a ke pAsa mahAdeva simariyA meM pA~ca jinamaMdira the jinakI mUrtiyA~ tAlAba meM DAla dI gayI aura unheM zaiva maMdiroM meM parivartita kiyA gayA / lachavAr3a ke maMdira meM jo pratimA pratiSThita hai vaha guptakAla se bhI prAcIna pratIta hotI hai / zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA ne ise pandraha sau varSa prAcIna batAyA hai / unhoMne likhA hai- " cAlIsa varSa pUrva jaba hamane prathama bAra kSatriya kuMDa kI yAtrA kI I

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 123 thI to vahA~ kI dharmazAlA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA kI mUrti, jinake goda meM bhagavAna mahAvIra bAlaka rUpa meM dikhAye gaye the, usa para prAcIna lipi kA lekha likhA huA thA, hamane dekhI thI / kheda hai ki vaha mUrti surakSita nahIM raha sakI, para usa para khudA huA lekha, jo hamane svayaM dekhA thA, guptakAlIna lipi kA thaa|" unhoMne vartamAna janmasthAna ke maMdira se do mIla dUra lodhApAnI meM jaMgala-jhAr3I ke bIca prAcIna khaMDahara bhI dekhe the| "lachavAr3a ke zrI narendracaMda mizra likhate haiM- maiM kSatriyakuNDa ke sambandha meM eka prAmANika itihAsa grantha prastuta karanA cAhatA huuN| kalpasUtra meM ullikhita kSatriyakuNDa se sambandhita sthAnoM kI prAmANikatA unake zodhapUrNa nirIkSaNa se AMkI jA sakatI hai| ve sabhI sthala apane usI nAma para tathA katipaya yatkicita apabhraMza ke sAtha apane meM tIna hajAra varSoM kI garimA nihita kie hai / kSatriyakuNDa ke vistRta bhUbhAga meM yatra-tatra miTTI ke bar3e-bar3e stUpoM kA agara utkhanana ho to prAmANika itihAsa lekhana kI bahuta sAmagrI mila sakatI hai / udAharaNa svarUpa eka stUpa se anAyAsa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI miTTI kI mUrti milI hai jo mere pAsa surakSita hai jisa para aspaSTa ajJAta lipi bhI hai|" (bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna kSatriyakuNDa-bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA) vartamAna kSatriyakuNDa ati prAcIna sthAna hai / kuNDaghATa para nadI ke donoM tarapha do prAcIna mandira hai evaM pahAr3I pAra karane para janmasthAna kA mandira hai / jahA~ siddhArtha rAjA kA mahala thA, prAcInakAla meM kSatriyakuNDa kI yAtrA ke lie yAtrI saMgha samaya-samaya para jAte rahate the / isa pradeza meM nivAsa karane vAlI 'mahattiyANa' jaina jAti ina tIrthoM kI dekha-rekha karatI thii| yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI eka prAcIna aura prAmANika graMtha hai jisameM caudahavIM zatAbdI taka kI ghaTanAeM likhI huI milatI hai, usameM likhA hai ki saM. 1352 meM zrI jinacandrasUrijI ke upadeza se vAcaka rAjazekhara,

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 124 subuddhirAja, hematilakagaNi, puNyakIrtigaNi, ratnamandira muni sahita zrI bar3AgA~va (nAlaMdA) meM vicare the / vahA~ ke Thakkara ratnapAla sA. cAhar3a pradhAna zrAvaka preSita bhAI hemarAja vAMcU zrAvaka yuktaM saparivAra sA. bohittha putra mUladeva zrAvaka ne zrI kauzAmbI, vArANasI, kAkandI, rAjagRha, pAvApurI, nAlaMdA, kSatriyakuNDagrAma, ayodhyA, ratnapurAdi nagaroM meM jina janmAdi pavitra tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI / saM. 1431 meM ayodhyA sthita zrI lokahitAcArya ke prati aNahilapura se zrI jinodayasUri preSita vijJapti mahAlekha se vidita hotA hai ki lokahitAcAryajI ita: pUrva maMtridilIya vaMzodbhava Tha. candrAgaja suzrAvaka rAjadeva Adi ke nivedana se vihAra va rAjagRha meM vicare the usa samaya vahA~ kI naye jina prAsAdoM kA nirmANa huA thA / sUri jI vahA~ se brAhmaNakuMDa va kSatriyakuNDa jAkara yAtrA kara Aye aura vApasa rAjagRha Akara vipulAcala va vaibhAragiri para bimbAdi kI pratiSThA karavAI thI / saM. 1489 maM racita zrI jinavarddhanasUri rAsa meM unake pA~ca varSa paryanta pUrva deza meM vicaraNa kara dharma prabhAvanA karane kA ullekha hai, jisameM pAvApurI, nAlandA, kuNDagrAma, kAkandI yAtrA kA bhI varNana hai / zrI jinavarddhanasUrijI ne svayaM san 1467 meM pUrva deza caityaparipATI kI racanA kI hai jisameM brAhmaNakuNDa, kSatriyakuNDa aura kAkandI kI yAtrA karane kA ullekha kiyA hai pAvApuri nAliMdA gAmi, kuMDagAmi kAyaMdIThAmi vIra jiNesara nayara vihAri, jiNavara vaMdai savi vistAri san 1461-86 ke bIca zrI jinavarddhanasUri kRta pUraba deza caitya paripATI stavana meM likhA hai "siddha guNarAya siddhattha kulamaMDaNaM, ruddadAlidda dohaggaduha khaMDaNaM / baMbhaNakuMDapuri thuNau jaNa raMjaNaM, khittiyAku~Da gAMmaMmi vIraMjiNaM // 2 // " suprasiddha vidvAna jayasAgaropAdhyAya ne saM. 1524 meM rAjagRha meM pratiSThAdi kArya karAye jinake abhilekha vidyamAna hai unhoMne vahA~ se jAkara kSatriyakuNDa

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 125 kI bhI yAtrA kI thI jisakA ullekha san 1525 phA. va. 5 jInapura meM likhita Avazyaka puSpikA va usI saMvat meM likhita dazavaikAlika vRtti kI prazasti meM pAyA jAtA hai / jinaprabhasUri ne apanI tIrthamAlA meM mAhajakhattiya kuNDahagAmihi, rAjagRhi pAvApura ThAmahi likhA hai / kavi haMsasoma ne 1565 meM, muni puNyasAgara jI nesan 1609 meM, muni zIla vijayajI ne 1712 meM, evaM muni saubhAgya vijayajI ne san 1750 meM apanI tIrthamAlA meM magadha ke ina tIrthoM kI yAtrA ke ullekha kiye hai| (bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna kSatriyakuNDa-bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA) jaina sAhitya meM ullekha hai ki zreNika rAjA Ane vAle upasarpiNI kAla ke prathama tIrthaMkara hoge / ___bauddha grantha mahAvagna meM likhA hai ki gautama buddha jaba rAjagRha meM Aye the taba vaha supArzva kI bastI meM Thahare the / majjhima nikAya meM bhI varNana hai ki buddha ne kahA thA ki eka bAra jaba vaha rAjagRha meM the unhoMne nirgranthoM ko RSigiri parvata para sAdhanA karate hue dekhA thA / magadha meM nAga kSatriyoM kI bastI thI aura giri vraja ke bIca meM maNinAga nAmaka sthAna thA jise maNiyAra maTha ke nAma se Aja bhI jAnA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM kA mAnanA hai ki bimbasAra ne apanI rAjadhAnI girivraja se haTAkara samIpa hI rAjagRha ko rAjadhAnI banAyA aura magadha kI sImA kA vistAra kiyA jisameM baMga, kaliMga ityAdi bhI zAmila the| usakI eka rAnI celanA licchavI janapada ke pramukha ceTaka kI bahana thI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI anuyAyI / rAjagRha ko 20veM tIrthaMkara zrI munisuvrata svAmIjI kI janma nagarI hone kA gaurava prApta hai| pAca parvatoM meM prathama RSigiri catuSkoNa hai aura pUrva dizA meM dUsarA vaibhAragiri jo trikoNAkAra hai aura dakSiNa dizA meM sthita hai| tIsarA vipulAcala dakSiNa aura pazcima dizA ke madhya meM sthita trikoNa hai, cauthA balAhaka parvata hai / pA~caveM parvata kA nAma pANDuka hai yaha golAkAra pUrva dizA meM sthita hai / rAjagRha kA varNana dhavalATIkA, jayadhavalATIkA,

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... tiloyapaNyati, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, padmapurANa, mahApurANa, jambU svAmI caritra, gautama svAmI caritra, bhadrabAhucaritra, zreNika caritra, uttara purANa, harivaMza purANa, ArAdhanA kathAkoSa, puNyAsravakathAkoSaM munisuvratakAvya, dharmAmRta, aNuttarobAI, AcArAMga, aMtagaDadazAMga, bhagavatI sUtra, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, jJAtAdharma kathAMga, aura vividha tIrthakalpa Adi granthoM meM milatA hai / 126 I zreNika caritra meM isa nagarakA varNana karate hue likhA hai- "yahA~ na ajJAnI manuSya haiM aura na zIla rahita striyA~ / nirdhana aura duHkhI vyakti DhU~r3hana para bhI nahI milegI / yahA~ ke puruSa kubera ke samAna vaibhavavAle aura striyA~ devAMganAoM ke samAna divya hai / yahA~ kalpavRkSa ke samAna vaibhavavAle vRkSa haiM / svargoM ke samAna svarNagRha zobhita hai / isa nagara meM dhAnya bhI zreSTha jAti ke utpanna hote haiM / yahA~ ke naranArI vratazIloM se yukta haiM / yahA~ kitane hI jIva bhavya uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya pAtroM ko dAna dekara bhogabhUmi ke puNya kA arjana karate haiM / yahA~ ke manuSya jJAnI aura vivekI haiN| pUjA aura dAna meM nirantara tatpara hai / kalA, kauzala, zilpa meM yahA~ ke vyakti atulanIya hai / jina-maMdira aura rAjaprAsAda meM sarvatra jaya-jayakI dhvani karNa - gocara hotI hai / " I bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya zreNika bimbisAra magadha ke samrATa the / bauddha granthoM ke anusAra rAjA zreNika ke samaya usakA sAmrAjya aneka tattva ciMtakoM kA kendra thA / I magadha janapada kI Arthika samRddhi kA varNana padma caritra, kuvalayamAlA, harivaMza caritra, abhayakumAra caritra, zreNika caritra, cauppana mahApurisa caria, vasudeva hiMDI aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSa Adi granthoM meM milatA hai / ye janapada vyApAra kA kendra sthala thA / yahA~ kastUrI, sugandhita dravya, gaja, azva, vastra Adi kA vyApAra hotA thA / kathA koSa meM zAlibhadra kI kathA meM usa samaya kI bhojana vidhi kA varNana vistRta rUpa se milatA hai jaba rAjA zreNika apanI rAnI celanA ke sAtha subhadrA seThAnI ke yahA~ jAte haiM / isI prakAra jambusvAmI caritra meM bhI pAraMparika rIti-rivAjoM kA ullekha diyA huA hai /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 127 jainoM aura bauddhoM ke kAraNa hI magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha tIrthasthAna bana gayI thI / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne vipulAcala parvata para nivAsa kiyA thA aura yahIM zreNika bimbisAra ko upadeza diyA thA / svarNAMcala (sonagiri), ratnAcala, vaibhAragiri aura udayagiri meM bhI bhI jaina dharma kI prAcIna kIrtiyoM ke aneka nidarzana bhare par3e haiN| mahAvIra ne rAjagRha meM aneka varSAvAsa kiye the| rAjagRha se kucha haTakara nAlandA nAmaka sthAna hai| yahA~ bhI zramaNa mahAvIra ne do varSAvAsa kiye the / buddha ke bhI yahA~ aneka saMsmaraNa haiM / bAda meM Age calakara isI nAlandA meM jagat prasiddha vizvavidyAlaya sthApita huaa| isa vizvavidyAlaya ke khaNDahara mIloM taka pAye jAte haiN.| nAlandA ke pAsa hI pAvApurI hai, jahA~ mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA thA yaha jaina paramparA ke lie zraddhA kA vizeSa kendra hai| kA tIrthasthAna hai| yahA~ eka vizAla aura sundara tAlAba ke bIca meM uka sundara mandira hai, jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNa pratiSThita haiM / antima kavalI jambUsvAmI kA bhI janma rAjagRha meM huA thaa| ___phAhayAna ne rAjagRha kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki nagara se dakSiNa dizA meM cAra mIla calane para vaha upatyakA milatI hai jo pA~coM parvatoM ke bIca meM sthita hai| yahA~ para prAcInakAla meM samrATa bimbasAra kA mahala vidyamAna thA / Aja yaha nagarI naSTa-bhraSTa hai / - maniyAra maTha ke pAsa eka purAne kueM meM se kaniMgama ko tIna mUrtiyA~ prApta huI thii| jinameM eka bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI thii| kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne isa mUrti kA lekha par3hakara batAyA ki yaha lekha pahalI zatAbdI kA hai aura usameM samrATa zreNika aura vipulAcala kA ullekha hai / itihAsakAroM ke anusAra vaibhAragiri parvata para sAtavIM zatAbdI taka jaina stUpa vidyamAna thA aura guptakAla kI anekoM mUrtiyA~ thI / lekina Aja jo jaina maMdira vahA~ hai unake Upara kA hissA to Adhunika hai kintu unakI vedI prAcIna hai| sonabhadra guphA kA nirmANa maurya kAla ke rAjAoM ne kiyA thA / yahA~ prathama yA dvitIya zatAbdI kA eka lekha hai jisameM ullekha haiM ki yahA~ para vairadeva ne guphAeM nirmita karAI thI jaina muniyoM ke rahane ke liye aura unameM arhata kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI thii| vipulAcala, ratnagiri, udayagiri aura

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128 jainatva jAgaraNa..... svarNagiri para jame pratimAeM hai unameM kucha guptakAlIna aura kucha usase pUrva kI hai| vividha tIrtha kalpa meM rAjagRha meM chattIsa hajAra gharoM ke hone kA ullekha hai| rAjagRhI ke itihAsa meM guNazIla caitya kA varNana AtA hai / yahA~ para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kaI bAra Ane kA ullekha jaina sAhitya meM milatA hai| guNazIla caitya kA apabhraMza Aja kA guNAyAjI mAnA jAtA hai / ise gautama svAmI kA kevalajJAna sthAna mAnate haiM / yahA~ bhI sarovara ke madhya banA maMdira pAvApurI ke jalamaMdira kA smaraNa karAtA hai| pAvApurI se yaha sthAna 23 kilomITara dUra para sthita hai| . . gayA se uNatIsa kilomITara dUra hajArI bAga jile meM kuluA pahAr3a hai yahA~ saikar3oM jaina maMdiroM ke bhagnAveza par3e hue hai| yaha tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha kA janma sthAna hai / DaoN. sTena ke anusAra isa parvata ke prAcIna avazeSa jaina hai / unhoMne likhA hai ki guphA ke bhItara pArzvanAtha kI bhavya mUrti suvyavasthita DhaMga se nirmita hai aura usake sira para sarpa phaNa hai / isase saTe hue pazcima dizA meM eka choTI guphA meM jina mUrti sthApita hai jisake nIce siMha pratIka ke rUpa meM hai| ajAtazatru koNika ke samaya magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI se campA meM sthita ho gii| yaha bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya svAmI kI paMcakalyANaka bhUmi hai| jaina granthoM meM yahA~ sthita pUrNabhadra caitya kA varNana milatA hai / From the Uvasagadasao and the Antagadadasao we learn that there was a temple called Punnabhadda (which we have dealt with in the following lines) at Campa in the time of Sudharman, one of the eleven disciples of Mahavira, who succeeded him as the head of the Jaina sect after his death. It is said that the town was visited by Sudharman, at the time of Konika Ajatasatru who went there bare-footed to see the Ganadhara outside the city which was again visited by Sudharman's successors. uttarAdhyayana meM varNana hai ki campA nagarI meM pAlita nAma kA vaizya

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 129 zrAvaka rahatA thA jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kA anuyAyI thA / vaha jahajA se vyApAra karatA huA pihuDa nagara meM gayA / vahA~ vivAha ke bAda apanI strI ko lekara vApasa Ate samaya usake putra huA jisakA nAma samudra meM ko lekara vApasa Ate samaya usake putra huA jisakA nAma samudra janma hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma samudrapAla rakhA / yuvAvasthA prApta hone para eka bAra bhavana kI khir3akI para baiThe samudrapAla ne eka aparAdhI ko mRtyu cinhoM se yukta vadha sthAna para le jAte hue dekhA / use dekhakara unheM bodha huA ki azubha karmoM kA antima phala pAparUpa yaha dikhAI de rahA hai aura vaha mAtA pitA se pUchakara pravrajyA lekara muni bana gaye aura ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca mahAvratoM ko svIkAra kara inakA pAlana karane lage / aneka pariSahoM ko jItakara unhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura mokSa ko prApta hue / bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya svAmI kI paMca kalyANaka bhUmi campApurI meM subhadrA satI ne tIna pASANamaya kapATa ko apane zIla dvArA kacce sUtatantu-veSTita calanI se kue kA jala nikAlakara usase siMcita kara udghATita kiyA thA / yahA~ ke dadhivAhana rAjA apanI rAnI padmAvatI ke sAtha usakA dohada pUrNa karane ke lie hAthI para ArUr3ha hokara araNya-vihAra karane gaye / hAthI ke na rukane para araNya meM rAjA vRkSa kI zAkhA pakar3akara utara gyaa| hAthI Age calA gayA aura rAjA apane nagara meM A gyaa| rAnI padmAvatI asamarthatA se utara na sakI aura usa para car3hI huI araNya meM raha gaI / hathinI se utara kara araNya meM hI putra-prasava kiyA, vaha putra karakaNDu nAmaka rAjA bana pratyeka buddha huA / udhara dadhivAhana rAjA kI putrI vasumatI (caMdanabAlA) ne janma liyA, jisane bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ko kauzAmbI meM sUpa ke kone meM rahe hue ur3ada ke bAkule dekara pA~ca dina kama cha: mAsopavAsa kA pAraNA dravya kSetra kAla bhAva abhigraha pUrNa hone para karAyA / campA evaM pRSThacampA meM prabhu mahAvIra ne tIna varSAkAla vitAe, unake

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130 jainatva jAgaraNa....... samavazaraNa hue / yahIM sudarzana seTha para upasarga huA / yahIM vicarate hue caudaha pUrvadhara zrI zayyaMbhava sUri ne apane manaka nAmaka putra ko dIkSita karake usake adhyayanArtha dazavaikAlika sUtra kI racanA kI / 1 yahIM ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki jo aSTApada para ArohaNa karatA hai vaha usI bhava meM mokSagAmI hogA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhagavatI sUtra ke paMcama zataka kA dazama upadeza yahA~ para diyA thA / aupapAtika sUtra meM caMpApurI kA bahuta hI vistAra se varNana milatA hai / usameM likhA hai I bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM campApurI aMga deza kI rAjadhAnI thI / isake svAmI dadhivAhana ko zatAnIka ko 'zAmbIpati ne harAkara padacyuta kara diyA thA aura bAda meM koNika ne ise magadha meM milA liyA aura pitRta zoka se rAjagRha se rAjadhAnI haTAkara campAnagarI ko vikasita kara rAjadhAnI banA lI thI / aupapAtika sUtra ( uvavAI upAMga) meM campAnagara kA bar3A hI vizada varNana hai / yaha AcArAMga kA upAMga hai ataH yaha sUtra ati prAcIna aura prAmANika hai / tatkAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa meM ina varNanoM kA bar3A bhArI mahatva hai / nagara ke bAhara aura bhItara bar3e - bar3e udyAna, tAlAba, bagIce, kue, bAvar3I Adi the / zAlInatA sabhyatA evaM saundarya yukta surakSita nagara Rddhi, samRddhi se paripUrNa thA / yahA~ bahuta se arhatacaitya jinAlaya the / isakA udyAna baDA hI vizAla aura manohara thA, jahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa hotA thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cAturmAsa varNana meM campA aura pRSTacampA meM cAturmAsa karane kA ullekha milatA " caMpaMcapiTTicaMpaMca nIsAe tao antarAvAse vAsA vAsaM uvAgae" (kalpasUtra) yahA~ ke mahArAjA koNika aura dhAriNI rAnI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parama bhakta the jinakA bhI uvavAI sUtra meM varNana hai / zrI jinaprabhasUrijI ne kalikuNDa kurkaTezvara kalpa meM likhA hai ki aMga janapada meM karakaNDu rAjA ke rAjya meM campAnagarI se nikaTavartI kAdambarI

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... aTavI thI jisameM kali nAmaka parvata thA aura usake nIce kuNDa nAmaka sarovara thA isa vana meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha chadmastha avasthA meM vicare the aura kalikuNDa tIrtha kI sthApanA huI thI / catarazIti mahAtIrtha nAma saMgraha kalpa meM zrI jinaprabhasari jI ne 'campAyAM vizvatilakaH zrI vAsupUjya' likhakara bhagavAna vAsupUjya ko vizvatilaka nAma se saMbodhita kiyA hai evaM pArzvanAtha svAmI ke tIrthoM meM 'campAyAmazoka' likhA hai / __yativRSabha ne caMpA kA nAmollekha 'tiloyapaNNati' meM kiyA hai| chaThI zatAbdI meM pUjyapAda ne 'nirvANabhakti' meM 'campApure ca vasupUjya sutaH sudhImAn siddhi parAmupagato gatarAga bandha' likhakara campApurI meM prabhukA nirvANa batalAyA hai / raviSeNa ke padmapurANa meM 'zrAvastyAM saMbhava zubhaM campAyAM vAsupUjyakaM' likhakara vAsupUjya svAmI kA janma kalyANaka mAnA hai| jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa (sarga 19) meM campApurI kA varNana kiyA hai___ isI harivaMza purANa meM Age calakara likhA hai ki vasudeva ne campApura meM vAsupUjya jinAlaya ko vandana kiyA yahA~ bar3A mAnastaMbha thA, aSTAnhika utsava meM campA nivAsI loga vAsupUjya pratimA kI pUjA karate the / yataH campAyAM ramamANasya sahagandharvasenayA / / vasudevasya saMprAptaH phAlgunASTadinotsava // 1 janma niSkramaNa jJAna nirvANa prAptito'rhataH vAsupUjyasya pUjyAM tAM campA prApuH sphurad gRhAm // 3 campAvAsI janaH sarvo nizcakrAma sarAjakaH pratimAM vAsupUjyasya pUjyAM pUjayituM bahiH // 5 ajAtazatru koNikaM putra udAyI ke samaya magadha kA kendra sthala campA se pATalIputra meM sthita ho gayA / kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandrAcArya ne pariziSTa parva 6.34 meM likhA hai ki udAyI ne pATalIputra ke kendra meM eka jina maMdira kA nirmANa kiyA / udAyI ke bAda haryakavaMza kA anta ho gayA aura zizunAga

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... vaMza kA prArambha huaa| usake bAda naMdavaMza kA rAjya sthApita huA / naMdavaMza ke samrATa naMdIvardhana ne kaliMga deza ko jItakara vahA~ se jina pratimA ko lAkara pATalIputra meM pratiSThita kI / isa vaMza kA anta maurya samrATa caMdragupta ne kiyaa| lagabhaga isI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke chaThe paTadhara bhadrabAhu svAmI hue / aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki samrATa candragupta maurya ne apane aMtima samaya inhIM bhadrabAhu svAmI se dIkSA lekara dakSiNa meM cale gaye / bhadrabAhu svAmI ke bAda unake paTTadhara sthUlibhadra svAmI hue jinake samaya meM jaina sUtroM kI prathama vAcanA pATalIputra meM huii| paTanA ke lohAnIpura se maurya kAlIna nirgrantha mUrti milI hai / yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki pATalIputra ke gulajAra bAga meM . sthalibhadra svAmI kA maMdira thA / It is quite in keeping with the tradition that there should be a temple of Sthulibhadxa in the city which is located in Gulzarbagh ward. (Alltekar and Mishra Report Kum. Exca. 1951-55 p.10) aisI mAnyatA hai ki sthUlibhadra svAmI kA nirvANa usI sthAna para huA thA / dUsarA mahattvapUrNa sthAna paTanA meM AgamakuAM hai / yUvAnacaMga ne isa kue~ ko azoka kA naraka kahA hai jo garmajala kA kaDAhA (haMDA) huA karatA thA / eka bAra pATaliputra ke rAjA ke AdezAnusAra eka jaina zreSThI sudarzana bhaTThI meM kUda gaye kintu zAsana devI kI sahAyatA se ve surakSita baca gaye / jaba rAjA ko unakI AdhyAtmika zakti ke bAre meM jJAna huA to usane unheM mukta kara diyaa| sudarzana kA nirvANa maMdira Agama kue~ ke bagala meM hai| __326 I. pUrva bhArata meM sikandara ke AkramaNa kI carcA yUnAnI itihAsakAroM ne vistRta rUpa meM kI hai| jisake pariNAma bahuta hI dUragAmI hue / bhAratIya dRSTikoNa se isakA mahattva isa bAta meM hai ki usane bhArata aura pazcimI dezoM ke bIca AvAgamana kA mArga khola diyA, anyathA bhAratIya itihAsa meM usake AkramaNa kA koI vizeSa sthAna nahIM hai / use mahAn sainika saphalatA bhI nahIM kaha sakate / jo kucha bhI saphalatA usake hAtha lagI vaha choTI-choTI jAtiyoM aura rAjyoM para dhIre-dhIre prApta mAtra thii|

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... bhAratIya sainika zakti kA durga samajhe jAne vAle magadha sAmrAjya ke nikaTa bar3hane kA sAhasa vaha na kara sakA / use jhelama aura cenAba ke nIce ke choTe se pradeza ke zAsaka porasa ke viruddha jisa prakAra lohA lenA par3A aura usake lie jo prayatna karane par3e, usako dekhate hue isa bAta kI sambhAvanA nahIM jAna par3atI ki zaktizAlI nanda sAmrAjya ko parAjita karanA usake lie sarala hotaa| ina sabhI bAtoM ko dekhate hue yavana sabhyatA kI cakAcauMdha se cakita na honevAlA koI bhI Adhunika itihAsakAra isa bAta ke lie doSI nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA yadi vaha yaha samajhe ki yavana lekhakoM meM se adhikAMza ne jo sikandara kI vApasI kA kAraNa usake sainikoM ke Age bar3hane kI anicchA ko hI mAnA hai vaha ekamAtra kAraNa na thA aura na vaha una prAcIna yavana lekhakoM ke isa kathana kI hI managaDhanta kahakara upekSA kara sakatA hai ki sikandara ke lauTane kA kAraNa nandoM kI aparimita zakti kA AtaMka thA / (hIrAlAla dUgar3a) isa samaya taka pUrvI rAjyoM kI zakti aura gaurava kA prabhAva pUre bhArata meM sthApita ho cukA thaa| caMdragupta : yavanoM kI parAdhInatA se deza ko mukta karane kA zreya eka svara se hama caMdragupta maurya ko de sakate haiM / isa vIra kA Arambhika jIvana prAya: pUrNataH ajJAta hai, parantu usane apane paravartI jIvana meM jo mahAn saphalatAe~ prApta kI, usake kAraNa usakI smRti asaMkhya daMtakathAoM meM surakSita hai| bAda ke brAhmaNa-granthoM meM jo saMkalita vedoM se prabhAvita brAhmaNoM ke mastiSka kI upaja lagate haiM, usameM use magadha ke nanda zAsaka kI eka nIcakulotpanna murA nAmaka strI se utpanna kahA gayA hai aura yaha mAnA gayA hai ki usa murA ke nAma para hI vaMza kA nAma maurya par3A / tithi kI dRSTi se isase pUrva ke bauddha itivRttoM meM use kSatriya mAnA gayA hai| mahAparinibvAna sutta meM ullekha hai ki candragupta pippalIvana ke moriya nAmaka kSatriya-kula meM janmA thA aura moriya gaNataMtra kA rahane vAlA thaa| yaha gaNataMtra gorakhapura jile meM par3atA hai / mahAvIra ke gaNadharoM meM eka maurya putra bhI the / moriya jAti meM vidyA aura vIratA donoM hI vidyamAna the /

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134 jainatva jAgaraNa..... candragupta kA karma kSetra vrAtya bhUmi magadha thA jahA~ usane eka bar3A sAmrAjya sthApita kiyA / caMdragupta kI sainika zakti bhAratIya prAccabhUmi ke dakSiNa chora taka phaila cukI thii| isa prakAra prAcyabhUmi meM prathama aitihAsika sAmrAjya kI sthApanA caMdragupta maurya dvArA huii| Chandragupta Maurya was a powerful and glorious monarch of the Prachya people. This Prachya kingdom did not extend only upto the Indus river but much beyond, upto the Kaukasos region in the north and Arachosia and parts of Gedrosia in the far west. He had a very large military force, and vast financial resources. Chandragupta's rise to greatness is indeed a romance of history. mahAna parAkramI candragupta, jisake jIvana kA prArambha eka sainika ke rupa meM huA aura jisane eka bahuta bar3e sAmrAjya ko dharAzAyI kiyA tathA jisane svayaM eka bahuta bar3e sAmrAjya kA nirmANa kiyA; jisakA bAhya jIvana bahuta hI vyasta aura sakhta thA; para usakA antara kucha aura thA / jIvana ke antima prahara meM vaha antarmukha ho gayA / jisane talavAra se bhArata varSa kI sImA khIMcI thI, jo khUna kI nadI meM tairatA thA, jisane jIvana meM sabhI sukha-aizvarya kA bhoga kiyA, kahA jAtA hai ki usake rAjyakAla meM magadha meM ghora akAla par3A- isake bAda vaha maisUra kI ora calA gayA, jahA~ unhoMne sallekhanA dvArA zarIra kA tyAga kiyA / candragupta ke viSaya meM Ancient India meM likhA hai Chandragupta in his last days, renounced the world and followed the Jaina migration leb by Bhadrabahu to place in Mysore known as Shravana Belgola, where some local inscriptions still perpetuate memory of Chandragupta and Bhadrabahu living together as saints. The hill where he lived is still known as Chandragiri, and a temple erected by him as Chandraguptabasti. Chandragupta, in the true Jaina

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 135 fashion, fasted unto death (Samlekhana Samthara) in this place. As he belonged to the Shramanic way, the chroniclers of the Brahmanic way gave him a degraded descent. He was called base-born, a Shudra,an outcaste and of low birth. He is said to have blood relationship with the Nandas who are said to have low and immoral origin. The Brahmana puranas and other literature speak despisingly of (the Nandas and) Chandragupta. Why ? The answer is that he was a Prachya hero. brAhmaNoM dvArA candragupta ko nIcI jAti kA batAne ke pIche jo kAraNa thA vaha usakA jaina honA, prAcya deza kA samrATa honA thA / Chandragupta is called a Prachya because he was the ruler of the Prachya territory and the non-Aryan Asura Prachya people. Chandragupta, the Prachya, was a great Jaine hero following the Shramanic way of life. gAMgaNi meM candragupta dvArA nirmita mUrti kA ullekha hameM milatA hai / rAjasthAna meM gAMgaNa nAma kA gA~va jodhapura se aThAraha kilomITara para hai vahA~ atyanta prAcIna pArzvanAtha kA maMdira hai jo maurya kAlIna hai / I. san 1662 I. meM vahA~ tAlAba ke pAsa bhUgarbha meM kaI mUrtiyA~ milI thI / usa samaya kavi samayasundara gaNi yAtrArtha gAMgaNi gaye the tathA unhoMne una mUrtiyoM kA darzana va nirIkSaNa kiyA tathA unakA varNana eka stavana meM likhA hai pratimA zveta sonAtaNI, moTo acaraja ye hojI / candragupta rAjA bhaye, cANakya dirAyoM rAjojI / tiNa yaha biMba bharabiyo, sAdhyA Atma kAjo jI // isake alAvA kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM likhA hai ki samrATa ne devasthAnoM ke liye AjJA dI thI ki jo koI deva maMdira kA anAdara karegA vaha daNDa kA bhAgI hogI / (AkrozAdveva caityAnA muttamaM daMDa marhati) candragiri parvata para candragupta ke putra bindusAra dvArA pitA kI smRti

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136 jainatva jAgaraNa..... meM banAyA gayA maMdira hai aisA bhAratIya sarakAra ke purAtatvavidoM dvArA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| azoka : azoka ke zAsanakAla kI jisa pahalI ghaTanA kI prAmANika jAnakArI hameM hai vaha rAjyAbhiSeka ke nau varSa bAda honevAlI kaliMga vijaya hai / suvarNarekhA aura godAvarI nadiyoM ke bIca bhArata ke pUrvI taTa kI lambI paTTI ko prAyaH kaliMga kahA jAtA hai / yadyapi usakI azokakAlIna nizcita sImA nahIM batAyI jA sakatI, tathApi nissaMdeha hI vaha eka bahuta aura zaktizAlI rAjya thA / azoka ke terahaveM zilAlekha meM eka bhISaNa yuddha ke pazcAt kaliMga kI vijaya kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa yuddha meM Der3ha lAkha AdamI pakar3e gaye / eka lAkha mAre gaye the / usa samaya kaliMga kA rAjA kSemarAja thA jo vaizAlI ke gaNa pramukha ceTaka kA vaMzaja thA aura jaina dharmI thA / sambhavataH azoka ne svayaM isa yuddha kA saMcAlana kiyA thA tathA usakI vibhISikA aura unake pariNAmasvarUpa kaSTa aura raktapAta se usakA hRdaya vicalita ho uThA / usake kAraNa usake hRdaya meM jo bhAvanAeM uThI unakA usane apane zilAlekha meM usane isa prakAra varNana kiyA hai / "isa prakAra kaliMga jItanevAle devAnupriya ko bar3A kheda haiM, kyoMki kisI avijita deza kI vijaya meM vadha, maraNa aura logoM kA baMdIkaraNa hotA hai / yaha devAnupriya ko atyanta duHkhada aura khedajanaka samajhatA hai ki vahAM brAhmaNa, zramaNa tathA dUsare dharma vAle aura gRhastha rahate haiM / aise deza meM aise logoM kI hatyA, hiMsA aura unakA priyajanoM se viyoga hotA hai, athavA mitroM, paricitoM, sahAyakoM aura kuTumbiyoM ko jo svayaM to surakSita haiM aura jinakA sneha abAdha hai, kaSTa hotA hai| isa prakAra unakA bhI eka prakAra se upaghAta hotA hai / " azoka ne dUra ke dezoM meM dharma pracAra ke lie dharma pracArakoM kA dala bhejA thA / usake dharma pracArakoM ne bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM aura laMkA kA hI bhramaNa nahIM kiyA, varan ve pazcimI eziyA, mistra aura pUrvI yUropa bhI gaye / sirpha usake samaya magadha meM ahiMsA kA saMdeza jina videzI rAjyoM

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 137 meM pahu~cA unameM se ina pA~ca kA ullekha azoka ke lekhoM meM milatA haisIriyA aura pazcimI eziyA kA rAjA antiyoka thiyosa mistra kA rAjA turamaya dvitIya (philoDelphasa), makaduniyA kA rAjA antikina, sAirIna kA rAjA maga aura epirasa kA rAjA sikandara / dharma ke mUla tattvoM ko batAkara janatA ke caritra ko uThAnA usakA pradhAna lakSya aura cintA thI / isalie usane caTTAnoM para lekhoM ko aMkita karAyA jo lagabhaga 2300 varSa bIta jAne para bhI usake jIvana kI pavitratA aura vicAroM kI uccatA ke amara smAraka haiM / dharma ke jisa svarUpa para usane jora diyA, vaha kisI dhArmika siddhAnta kI apekSA sadAcAra ke niyamoM kA eka saMgraha hai / usane na to kabhI tattvavijJAna kI carcA kI aura na Izvara aura AtmA kA ullekha kiyA / usane kevala janatA se apanI vAsanAoM ko niyantrita karane, apane AMtarika vicAroM meM jIvana aura AcaraNa ko pavitra banAne, anya dharmoM ke prati sahiSNu hone, jAnavaroM ko na satAne aura na mArane, unakI cintA rakhane, sabake prati udAra hone, mAtA, pitA, guru, sambandhiyoM, mitroM aura sAdhuoM ke prati ucita sammAna prakaTa karane, naukaroM aura dAsoM ke prati udAratA tathA dayA kA bhAva rakhane aura sarvopari satya bolane ko kahA / ye hI zramaNa saMskRti ke AdhArabhUta tattva hai jo isI prAcya bhUmi se duniyA ke dUsare dezoM meM phaile / samrATa ne ina satyoM kA na kevala pracAra kiyA yavan svayaM bhI una para AcaraNa kiyA / usane AkheTa aura mA~sa- bhakSaNa Adi tyAga diyA / usane manuSya aura pazuoM ke lie na kevala apane sAmrAjya meM varan par3osI rAjyoM meM bhI cikitsAlaya sthApita kie / usane brAhmaNoM aura anya dharmAvalaMbiyoM ko mukta - hasta dAna diyA / usake lekhoM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki usane manuSyoM aura pazuoM ke upayoga ke lie sar3akoM ke kinAre pAThazAlAe~ banavAI, kueM khudavAye aura per3a lagavAye / pazu vadha rokane ke lie usane aneka niyama jArI kiye / azoka kI mAtA dharmA ke guru AjIvaka sampradAya ke the / gayA ke pAsa barAbara kI pahAr3I meM guphAoM kI zrRMkhalA hai jinheM azoka aura dazaratha

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138 jainatva jAgaraNa..... ne AjIvaka saMgha ko dAna kI thI / Other Jain relice of Mauryan Bihar are a number of caves in the Barabarand Nagarjun Hills, dedicated by Ashoka and Dasaratha to the Ajivika sect. uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke dasaveM adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne gautama svAmI ko pala bhara bhI pramAda na karake dharma kA AcaraNa karane kA upadeza diyA hai| dhammaM pi husaddahaMtayA, dullahayA kAeNa phAsayA / iha kAmaguNehiM mucchiyA, samayaM goyama mA pamAyae // 20 "dharma para zraddhA hone para bhI unakA kAyA se AcaraNa karanA atyanta durlabha hai, isIlie he gautama, kSaNabhara bhI pramAda mata karo / " isI kI abhivyakti hameM azoka ke zilAlekha ke isa ullekha se hotI hai jisameM likhA hai ki- "bahuta dinoM se hara ghar3I kAma karane aura samAcAra prApta karane kI prathA nahIM rahI, ataH aba maiM yaha vyavasthA karatA hu ki saba samaya aura saba jagaha cAhe maiM bhojana karatA rahU~, cAhe antaHpura meM rahU~, athavA zayanAgAra meM, athavA gopanAgAra meM, yA apane yAna meM athavA rAjodyAna meM, loka-kArya kI sUcanA prativedakoM dvArA mujhe dI jAe, maiM prajA kA kArya hara jagaha karane ko prastuta hU~.... maiMne Adeza de rakhA hai ki pratyeka samaya aura pratyeka sthAna meM mujhe turanta sUcanA milanI cAhie kyoMki apane kAryoM aura prayatnoM se mujhe kabhI pUrNa santoSa nahIM hotA, kyoMki janatA ke hita ke lie hI mujhe satata prayatna karanA cAhie aura usakA mUla kAryoM ke saMcAlana aura prayatna meM hai / jo kucha maiM prayatna karatA hU~ usakA uddezya yahI hai ki maiM prANImAtra ke prati apane RNa se uRNa ho sakU~ aura maiM unheM yahA~ prasanna rakha sakU tathA paraloka meM ve svarga prApta kara skeN|" azoka kI ahiMsA manuSyoM taka sImita nahIM thI balki usakI paridhi meM kSudra, mUka pazu-pakSI bhI A gaye the| kucha parvo aSTamI, caturdazI Adi ke dinoM meM jAnavaroM ko dAgane badhiyA karane para bhI pratibandha thA / janatA

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 1939 kI dhArmika paramparAoM ko aura bhI sudar3ha karane ke liye usane taraha-taraha ke dRzyoM ke pradarzana ke Ayojana kiye jaise hAthI, agni jvAlA aura dIpamAlikA Adi ke jUlusa nikAle / ina julUsoM meM deva pratimAoM kA pradarzana hotA thA / yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ye pratimAeM kinakI thI kyoMki bauddhoM kI mUrtiyA~ sarvaprathama kuSANa kAla meM banI thI / ataH nizcita taura para ye jina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM honI cAhiye / kyoMki isa prakAra kI paramparA Aja bhI jaina dharma meM pracalita hai / T azoka ne apanI prajA para kisI bhI dharma ko thopane kI koziza nahIM kI / sabhI dharmoM ko rAjakIya Azraya diyA / usake dvArA niyukta dharma mahAmAtya rAjya ke dhana se brAhmaNoM, AjIvikoM, nigranthoM sabhI kA hita ciMtana karate the / caTTAna lekha 12 meM likhA hai 'sabhI sampradAyoM ke sArI kI vRddhi ho / ' stambha lekha chaH meM usane likhavAyA hai- " maiM sabhI samAjoM ko dhyAna meM rakhatA hU~ kyoMki maiMne sabhI sampradAyoM ke anuyAyioM kI vividha prakAra se pUjA kI kintu apane Apa svayaM ina sabake pAsa jAnA maiM mukhya kArya samajhatA hU~ / " hama kaha sakate haiM ki azoka ke lekhoM meM jisa dharma ke tatva hai vaha koI dharma vizeSa nahIM hai vaha eka AcaraNa saMhitA hai jisameM sabhI dharmoM kA sAra hai / DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI ne likhA hai ki azoka ne AsavoM ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhoM ke sthAna para jainoM kA mata mAnA hai / DaoN. bhaMDArakara (azoka, pR. 129-30) ke matAnusAra azoka ke anya lekhoM para bhI jaina prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai| usake lekhoM meM jIva, prANa, bhUta aura jAta zabda AcArAMga sUtra ke pANA - bhUyA - jIvA - sattA ke hI paryAya hai / isa prakAra azoka ne apane usa vacana kA pAlana hI kiyA hai jisameM usane yaha kahA hai ki usane apane dharma meM brAhmaNa, bauddha aura jaina - sabhI dharmoM kA sAra grahaNa kiyA hai| jaina aura bauddha granthoM ke anusAra azoka ke bAda usakA pautra samprati rAjagaddI para AsIna huA / vividha tIrthakalpa meM likhA hai ki "maurya vaMzI

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... candragupta ke vaMza meM bindusAra, azoka zrI, kuNAla aura usakA putra trikhaMDa bhartAdhipa paramArhat, anArya dezoM meM bhI zramaNa vihAra pravartana karane vAlA mahArAja samprati huA / " " tadvaMze tu bindusAro'zokazrIkuNAlasUnustrikhaNDa bharatAdhipaH paramArhato anAryadezeSvapi pravartita zramaNavihAraH sampratimahArAjazcAbhavat / " - vividhatIrthakalpe pATalIputranagarakalpaH pR. 69 / samrATa samprati ne AcArya suhasti sUri jI se jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA aura jaina dharma kA deza aura videza meM pracAra kiyA / kaI itihAsavidoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki jina zilAlekhoM para 'devAnAm priyadarzina' likhA hai ve saba samprati ke zilAlekha hai aura jina para sirpha devAnAm priya yA devAnAm priya azokassa likhA hai ve azoka ke hai kyoMki ina zilAlekhoM meM jaina tattva darzana tathA jaina pAribhASita zabdoM kA prayoga itanA adhika hai ki inheM bauddha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / samprati ke zilAlekhoM meM sthAvara jIvoM kA varNana, samAcaraNa aura saMyama, aSTamI, caturdazI aura paryuSaNa parva kI puNya tithiyoM meM pakSiyoM ke vadha zikAra kA niSedha, saMyama, bhAvazuddhi, Azrava kA ullekha tathA svadharmI (sAdharmika) vAtsalya kA prayoga jo Aja bhI jaina paramparA meM dikhAI detA hai, stambha ke Upara siMha kI mUrtiyAM evaM cakra ye saba isa bAta kI puSTi karate haiM ki jinheM hama azoka ke zilAlekha mAnate haiM unameM se adhikAMza samprati ke hai | An epitome of Jainism meM samprati ke liye likhA hai ki Samprati was a great Jain monarch and a staunch supporter of the faith. He erected thousands of temples throughout the length and breadth of his vast empire and consecreted large number of images. He is stated further to have sent Jain missionaries and ascetics abroad to preach Jainism in the distant countries and spread the faith amongst the people there. 140 -An Epitome of Jainism Appendix. A. p.v. samprati ke banAye hue maMdiroM ke avazeSa giranAra meM tathA kumbhalagar3ha

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 141 ke kile meM Aja bhI dRSTigocara hai| 'kumbhalagar3ha ajeyadurga' pustaka meM lekhaka DaoN. gaurIzaMkara azAvA ne likhA hai ki isa durga ko sabase prathama samprati ne nirmita karAyA thaa| Aja bhI vahA~ anekoM jaina maMdira hai| yahA~ mAmAdeva maMdira kI khudAI ke daurAna 268 choTI-bar3I sapheda va kAle patthara kI jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta huI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki mahArANA kumbhA ke samaya meM yahA~ 700 jaina maMdira the tathA saMdhyA kI pUjA ke samaya 700 ghaMTiyAM bajate hue manuSya mAtra ko apane jIvana ke parama lakSya kA dhyAna dilAtI thii| karnala TaoNDa ne likhA hai ki kamalamera kA zeSa zikhara samudratala se 3353 phITa U~cA hai / yahA~ aise kitane hI dRzya vidyamAna hai, jinakA samaya aMkita karane meM lagabhaga eka mAsa kA samaya lagane kI sambhAvanA hai| kintu hamane kevala ukta durga aura eka bahuta purAne jaina mandira kA citrAMka samApta karane kA samaya pAyA thA / isa maMdira kI gaThana praNAlI bahuta prAcIna kAla ke samAna hai / karnala TaoNDa ne yaha maMdira rAjA samprati kA banAyA huA likhA hai| vividha tIrtha kalpa ke anusAra tatvArthasUtrakI racanA AcArya umAsvAti ne pATalIputra meM kI thii| usa samaya pATalIputra meM muruNDa rAjAoM kA rAjya thA / bRhat kalpavRtti se patA calatA hai ki pATalIputra ke muruNDa rAjA jaina dharmI the| pAdalipta prabandha aura prabhAvaka caritra se spaSTa hotA hai ki pAdalipta sUrijI ne pATalIputra ke muruNDa rAjA ko mastiSka pIr3A se mukta kiyA thaa| The continuity of Jainism at Pataliputra in the 1st-2nd centur A. D. is proved by the Tattvathasutra of Umasvati, which is held in esteem by both the Svetambara and Digambara Jains and was composed in the city towards the begining of the Murudas of Patna. The Brhatkalpavrti refers to a Murundas king of Pataliputra, who was a pious Jain and whose widowed sister had also embraced the same faith. The Padalipta-prabandha of the Prabhavakacarita relates the story how Padalipta cured king Murunda of Pataliputra of his terrible headache.

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142 jainatva jAgaraNa..... ___-Jainism and Jain relics in Bihar, S.P. Singh. muruNDa rAjAoM kA varNana samudragupta ke ilAhAbAda stambha lekha meM milatA hai jisameM muruNDa rAjAoM ke liye deva putra likhA gayA hai / TolamI ne muruNDoM ko Moroundai kahA haiM / inakA rAjya gaMgarAdI kI pazcimI sImA para batAyA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki inake adhIna uttara bihAra se lekara pUrA gaMgarAdI kSetra thA / lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI meM AcArya pAdalipta sUrijI AkAzagAminI vidyA dvArA sammeta zikhara kI tIrtha yAtrA karane Ate the| AcArya zrI bappa bhaTTa sari jI ne bhI yahA~ kI yAtrA kI thii| terahavIM sadI ke AcArya devendra sUrijI dvArA racita bandAsmRti meM yahA~ ke jinAlayoM aura pratimAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / kumbhAriyA tIrtha se prApta eka zilAlekha meM zaraNa deva ke putra vIracaraNa dvArA AcArya paramAnandasUrijI ke hAthoM ke dvArA sambhavat 1345 meM sammeta zikhara para pratiSThA karavAne kA ullekha milatA hai| san 1649 meM akabara bAdazAha ne jagat guru hIra vijayasUrijI ko sammeta zikhara kSetra bheMTa kara vijJapti dI thI / san 1809 I. meM murzidAbAda ke jagata seTha mahatAbarAya ko dillI ke bAdazAha ahamadabAda ne unake kAryoM se prasanna hokara unheM madhubana koThI tathA pArzvanAtha pahAr3a kA mAlikAnA diyA thA / 'bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa' meM ullekha hai ki vikrama saMvat 250 ke lagabhaga AcArya kakkasUri jI caturtha ke sAnidhya meM saMghapati zreSThIvarya mahAdeva ne sammeta zikhara ke liye saMgha nikAlA / sammeta zikhara pahu~cakara sUrijI ne pUrvI bhArata meM vihAra karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura pA~ca sau sAdhuoM ko apane pAsa rakhakara bAkI sAdhuoM ko saMgha ke sAtha vApasa bheja diyA / sUrijI ne tIna sau sAdhuoM meM se pacAsa-pacAsa sAdhuoM kI chaH varga banAye aura pUrva dharA ke pratyeka nagara meM vihAra karane kA Adeza diyA aura do sau sAdhuoM ko apane pAsa rakhA / ina logoM ne rAjagRha, campA, vaizAlI, baMgadeza, kaliMga taka vihAra kiyA tathA jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA / apanA antima samaya nikaTa jAnakara ve sammeta zikhara para sattAIsa dina ke anazana pUrvaka samAdhi ke sAtha prayANa kara gaye /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 143 AcArya kakkasUri jI ke ziSya AcArya devagupta sUri jI caturtha ne bhI pUrva bhArata kI ora vihAra kiyA / aMga, baMga, kaliMga kI bhUmi meM vihAra karate hue sammeta zikhara para jAkara bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI tathA apane guruvarya AcArya kakkasUri kI nirvANa bhUmi kI yAtrA kI thI / inake samaya meM mathurA ke zreSThI gautrIya zAhazAkhalA ne zrI sammeta zikhara jI kA saMgha nikAlA thaa| jaina paramparA ke itihAsa ke pRSTha 502-3 tathA paMnyAsa zrI kalyANa vijaya dvArA sampAdita tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke prathama bhAga ke pRSTha 104 meM prAcIna graMthoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne - likhA hai ki nauvIM zatAbdI meM zrI pradyumna sUri ne sammeta zikhara kI kaI bAra yAtrA kI thI unhoMne magadha deza meM vicaraNa kiyA thA aura naye maMdira banavAne aura purAne maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA / ataH isase spaSTa hotA hai ki nauvI zatAbdI ke pUrva bhI yahA~ para jaina jAtiyA~ thii| bar3agA~va, nAlandA aura bihAra zarIpha meM jainoM kI eka mahattiyANa jAti yahA~ prAcIna kAla se rahatI thI / jise maNidhArI zrI jinacaMdra sUri jI ne pratibodhita kiyA thaa| isa jAti meM kaI gotra the aura ina logoM ne hI pUrva ke jaina maMdiroM aura tIrthoM kI dekha-rekha kI thI / vikrama saMvat 1412 kI rAjagRha-vipulAcala prazasti tathA saMvat 1698 kI pAvApura gA~va kI maMdira kI prazasti meM isa jAti ko bharata cakravartI ke maMtrI zrIdala ke saMtAnIya batAyA gayA hai / nAlaMdA meM pandraha sau varSa prAcIna aura rAjagRha meM do hajAra varSa prAcIna pratimAeM milI hai| pAvApurI meM pahale prAcIna IMToM kA banAyA huA maMdira thA jo do se ar3hAI hajAra varSa pUrva kA thA / isakI IMTa ko le jAkara parIkSA karake yaha prAmANita kiyA gayA hai| pAvApurI ke nikaTa aneka choTe-choTe gA~voM meM jaina pratimAeM yatra-tatra bikharI huI par3I hai| mahattiyAmoM ke atirikta yahA~ sarAka jAti ke prAcIna zrAvaka bhI rahate the / pAvA aura purI do choTe gA~va the| purI meM gA~va maMdira hai tathA bAhara jala maMdira hai aura pAvA ke sAmane hI prAcIna samavasaraNa hai| usa sthAna para eka prAcIna stUpa aura kuMA Aja bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / jinaprabha sUri jI ne vividha tIrtha kalpa meM pAvApurI ke viSaya meM likhA hai- "yahA~

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 144 Aja bhI nAgakumAra sA~pa ke rUpa meM prabhAva dikhAte haiM / jahA~ amAvasyA kI rAtri ko tela rahita jala se bhare hue dIpaka jalate haiN| Age likhate haiM ki isa nagarI meM kArtika amAvasyA kI rAtri meM bhagavAna ke nirvANa sthAna para mithyAdRSTi loga bhI vIra stUpa sthAna para sthApita nAgamaNDapa meM Aja bhI cAturvANika loga yAtrA mahotsava karate haiM usI eka rAtri meM devAnubhAva se kue~ se lAe hue jala se pUrNa sarAva meM tela binA dIpaka prajvalita hotA hai / " I pAvApurI kA gA~va maMdira bhagavAna kA nirvANa sthAna hai / yahA~ ke maMdira ko dekhane se spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai ki prAcIna maMdira ke Upara hI naye maMdira kA nirmANa huA hai / kavi vivekahaMsa racita zrI jinavarddhana sUri caupAI kI racanA jo saMvat 1489 meM likhI gaI hai usameM jainapura ke ThAkura jinadAsa (mahattiyANa) dvArA zrI jinavarddhanasUrijI ko gujarAta se bulAkara pA~ca varSa paryanta pUrva deza meM vihAra karAne kA vivaraNa milatA hai / isa arase meM upadhAna, pratiSThA, Adi anekoM dharmakRtya hue / samvat 1467 meM rAjagRhAdi yAtrArtha vizAla saMgha nikalA jisameM 52 saMghapati the / cAra hajAra pAlakiyA~ aura ghor3e, beloM kI saMkhyA apAra thI / nimnokta gAthA meM pAvApurI yAtrA kA ullekha draSTavya hai pAvApura nAliMdA gAmi, kuMDagAmi kAyaMdI ThAmi / vIra jiNesara nayara vihAri, jiNavara vanda savi vistAri // san 1565 I. meM kamala grantha kRta caturvizanti jina tIrthamAlA meM nAlandA bar3agAMva meM 16 jinamaMdiroM ke hone kA ullekha milatA hai / san 1609 I. meM puNyasAgara likhita sammeda zikhara tIrthamAlA meM rAjagRha, pAvApurI tathA nAlandA ke varNana ke bAda bihAra zarIpha meM 58 pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA yahA~ para mahattiyANa vaMzI zrAvakoM kI eka bar3I bastI thI isakA bhI pramANa milatA hai / san 1661 meM AgarA ke hIrAnaMda mukIma ne sammetazikhara kA saMgha nikAlA thA jisakA varNana vIra vijaya kRta caitya paripATI meM milatA hai| isa saMgha ke sAtha prasiddha kavi banArasI dAsa jI bhI the, jisakA ullekha

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... unhoMne apane ardha kathAnaka meM kiyA hai / saMghadAsa racita vasudeva hiMDI nAmaka grantha prAcIna itihAsa ke kucha mahatvapUrNa tathyoM ko parilakSita karatA hai| kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva apUrva sundara the unake rUpa para striyAM mugdha ho jAtI thI ata: unheM svAsthya lAbha ke liye gRha baMdI banA liyA gayA / vasudeva baMdI gRha se nikala gaye aura vibhinna dezoM meM bhramaNa karate hue vahA~ kI zreSTha sundariyoM aura rAjya kanyAoM se vivAha kiyA / eka bAra rAjA kapila ke putra aMzumana jo unakA sAlA bhI thA vaha unako malayadeza le jAnA cAhA lekina rAstA bhUla jAne ke kAraNa ve viparIta dizA meM cale gaye aura puNDra rAjA kI rAjadhAnI meM pahu~ca gye| rAjA puNDra ke pitA kA nAma susena thA jinhoMne puNDra ko siMhAsana dekara satya rakSita nAmaka muni se nirgrantha dharma meM dIkSA lii| rAnI vasumati ne bhI pravrajyA grahaNa kI aura AryA saMgha kI netR bana gayI / rAjA puNDra ke pahale koI santAna nahIM thI parantu bAda meM eka kanyA kA janma huA jise putra batAkara pracAra kiyA / eka utsava meM vasudeva kA usase paricaya huA jo Age calakara vivAha bandhana meM pariNita ho gayA aura inhIM kI santAna mahApuNDra ke nAma se prasiddha huI / yahA~ ke logoM ke viSaya meM kathAnaka meM likhA hai ki yahA~ ke zreSThIgaNa vyApAra ke liye sudUra videzoM meM jAte the / sthalapatha se tAmralipta jAte aura vahA~ se samudrI yAtrA karate the / lekhaka ke varNana se isa zahara ke viSaya meM kAphI jAnakArI milatI hai / jisake anusAra yaha zahara magadha ke dakSiNa meM tathA gayA ke viparIta dizA meM thA aura tAmralipta aura magadha donoM sthAnoM se sthala patha dvArA yukta arthAt rAjagRha aura tAmralipta ko milAne vAle vANijya patha para avasthita eka mahatvapUrNa vANijya kendra thA / 1 145 rAjA puNDra ke pitA susena aura mA~ vasumatI kA nirgrantha dharma dIkSA lenA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki yaha zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAvita aMcala thA / isa rAjya se sammeta zikhara adhika dUra nahIM thA / rAjA puNDu ke bAda unakA dohitra yahA~ kA rAjA banA aura vaha bhI vAsudeva ke nAma se prasiddha huA / pANDrA gA~va meM isa vAsudeva ke smAraka

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 146 cinha Aja bhI vartamAna hai / yahA~ eka dhvansAvazeSa hai jo vasudeva ke sthAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / isa sandarbha meM zrI hariprasAda tivArI aura nRsiMha prasAda tivArI kI gaveSaNA mahatvapUrNa hai jisake anusAra I I ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve ke anusaMdhAna se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tAmralipta se pATalIputra ke patha para eka prAcIna vANijya kendra jisakA nAma pANDrA (jilA dhanavAda) hai / prAcIna puNDra rAjA aura unake dauhitra mahApuNDra kI smRti se jur3e prAcIna nagara kA hI avazeSa hai yaha pANDrA / pANDrA barAkara zahara se prAyaH 7 mIla pazcima meM svanAma se Aja bhI vikhyAta hai / pANDrA kevala eka bar3A (dhanabAda jile kA sabase bar3A ) grAma hI nahIM yaha eka paragane kA sadara bhI hai / vartamAna kAla kI dalIloM meM bhI paraganA ke rUpa meM pANDrA kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / barAkara se dhanabAda taka barAkara aura dAmodara nadI kA madhyavartI bhU-bhAga pANDrA paraganA ke antargata hai / aMgreja zAsanakAla ke prArambha meM yahA~ ke prAcIna mallarAja vaMza ko khader3akara ghATavAla rAjavaMziyoM ne yahA~ aMgrejoM ke karada rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA kI / ina ghATavAla rAjavaMziyoM ko Aja bhI rAjA kahA jAtA hai eva inake bahuta se parivAra isa aMcala meM nivAsa karate haiN| ghATavAla kA artha hai - ghATa arthAt pArvatya patha rakSAkArI / isa sampradAya para bahuta prAcInakAla se hI isa tAmralipta magadha kI saMyogakArI vANijya - patha kI surakSA kA dAyitva thA / isa aMcala ke baMgAlI vANikoM kI eka padavI ghA~TI yA ghATI hai jo isa pArvatya vANijya patha ke vANijya kendra se udbhuta hai / pANDrA gA~va loka saMkhyA evaM Ayatana donoM hI dRSTi se isa aMcala kA sabase bar3A gA~va hai aura akelA hI eka paMcAyata hai / gA~va kA rAstA Adhunika nagaroM kI taraha parikalpita hai / vasudeva hiNDI meM rAjA puNDra aura samagra rAja parivAra ko jaina dharma ke pRSThapoSaka rUpa meM varNana karane se svabhAvataH hI lagatA hai ki puNDra rAjA kI yaha rAjadhAnI prAcIna jaina adhyuSita aMcala meM thI / isI prasaMga meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki puNDrA kA avasthAna tAmralipta se 100 mIla uttara - pazcima meM (45deg) hai, havenasAMga tAmralipta se chaH sau lI arthAt eka sau mIla uttara-pazcima meM kilinA-suphalAnA yA karNa

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 147 suvarNa gae the| ArAya maMjuzrI mUlakalpa ke mata se puNDravardhana meM zazAMka kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahI pANDrA maMjuzrI mUlakalpa varNita puNDrA nagarI hai| kRSNa mizra ke prabodha candrodaya nATaka meM jo rAr3ha deza kI aparUpA rar3hApurI kI bAta AtI hai vaha bhI sambhavatayA yahIM pANDrA yA paoNrar3A (pA~r3arA) kohI nirdeza karatI hai / isI pANDrA paraganA se varddhamAna paryanta aMcala ko zAyada puNDra varddhamAna aMcala kahA jAtA thA / yahA~ cAroM ora prAcIna stUpa, mUrti, mandira ke bhagnAvazeSa aura dhvaMsa stUpoM kA samAhAra hai / vAsudeva sthAna aura kapilezvara mandira kA vizAlatva darzanIya hai / mandira kA prAMgaNa samatala se prAyaH bIsa. phuTa U~cA hai| cAroM pArzva prAcIroM se ghire hue hai| vizAla prAMgaNa meM cha: vizAla prastara nirmita mandira vartamAna hai| isa pANDrA paraganA kI pUrvI sImA meM hai pazcima baMga kI zreSTha purAkIrti barAkara ke siddhezvarI ke mandira Adi / pUrvottara koNa meM kalyANezvarI kA prasiddha (mA~ kA sthAna) mAithana, dakSiNa meM hai telakUmpa ke prasiddha mandira / prAga aitihAsika kAla se magadha zramaNa saMskRti kA pradhAna kendra thaa| yahA~ kA kaNa-kaNa tIrthaMkaroM ke zramaNoM ke caraNoM se pavitra thA / yahIM para tIrthaMkaroM tathA muniyoM ne pravajyA grahaNa kI, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| zrI hIrAlAlajI dUgar3a ne likhA hai- "magadhadeza kA jainadharma aura jainasaMskRti ke sAtha atyanta prAcIna kAla se hI aTUTa ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| magadha kA astitva aura usakA itihAsa, usakI saMskRti, zramaNaparaMparA, ardhamAgadhI prAkRta Agama sAhitya, paMcAgI, jainadharma ke sthApatya aura itihAsa ke abhinna aMga haiM / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki magadha ne yadi jainadharma ko poSaNa diyA hai aura usakA vartamAna itihAsa diyA hai to jainadharma ne bhI magadha ko sarvatomukhI utkarSa sAdhana diyA hai aura use vizvavizruta banA diyA hai|" - ~

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148 jainatva jAgaraNa....... 10. uttara - pUrva meM jaina dharma IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya caraNa ke prArambha meM bauddha cInI yAtrI hyuMsAMga ne bhAratavarSa meM Akara isa ke bhinna bhinna pradezo meM caudaha varSa (I.sa. 630 se 644) taka paribhramaNa kiyA thA / usa ke dvArA likhita vivaraNa se usa samaya ke bhArata varSa ke dharma-saMpradAyo ke viSaya meM aneka bAteM jAnI jA sakatI hai / pUrva bhAratavarSa ke dharma sampradAyoM kI avasthA sambandhI usane jo kucha likhA hai yahAM usa ke pradhAna vivaraNa ko hama saMkSepa se likhate hai | 1. vaizAlI yaha rAjya vartamAna bihAra ke uttara pradeza meM tirahuta vibhAga meM avasthita thA / muz2aphpharapura jille ke hAjIpura mahakame ke antargata vartamAna besAra nAmaka gAMva meM prAcIna vaizAlI nagarI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa maujUda hai / hyUsAMga ke vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yahAM ke vAsI vizeSa dharma-parAyaNa the tathA bauddha aura abauddha saba eka sAtha milajula kara vAsa karate the / yahA para bauddhoM kI saMsthAe (saMghArAma mandira Adi) kaI so kI saMkhyA meM thI / parantu usa samaya tIna cAra saMsthAo ke atirikta bAkI saba dhvaMsa ho cukI thI / tathA bauddha bhikSuo kI saMkhyA bhI ekadama kama thI / . kintu devamandiroM kI avasthA ina kI apekSA acchI thI / aura ina kI saMkhyA bhI kama na thI ( there are some tens of Deva temples) paurANika brAhmaNadharma ke bahuta saMpradAya the kintu nirgrathoM (arthAt jainoM) kI saMkhyA hI saba se adhika thI / 2. magadha (vartamAna paTanA aura gayA jilA) yahAM ke vAsI bauddhadharma ko mAnane vAle the / yahAM para bauddhoM ke pacAsa saMghArAma ( bauddha bhikSu ke rahane ke sthAna) the, evaM unameM dasa hajAra bauddha bhikSu vAsa karate the / ve bhikSu adhikatara mahAyAnapaMthI (bauddhoM ke eka saMpradAya ko mAnane vAle ) the / devamandiroM tathA paurANika brAhmaNa dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA kama thI / magadha meM jaina saMpradAya ke sambandha meM hyUsAMga ne spaSTatayA kucha bhI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kintu usa ke vivaraNa se hI jJAta hotA hai ki prAcIna rAjagRha tatA

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 149 giribraja (paTanA jilA antargata Adhunika rAjagiri) nagara ke samIpa vipula nAmaka parvata para eka stUpa thA evaM yahAM para bahuta nirgratha (jaina sAdhu) vAsa karate the tathA tapasyAdi karate the / ve loga sUryodaya se lekara sUryAsta taka sUryAbhimukha hokara dharma sAdhanA karate the / (Beal II 158 Walters II 154, 155) isa ke atirikta nAlaMdA meM bhI ( paTanA jile meM bihAra mahakame ke antargata bar3agAMva nAmaka sthAna) nirgratho kA AvAgamana thA / aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / (Beal II 168) 3. IraNa parvata-(muMgera jilA) magadha se pUrva dizA kI tarafa eka bar3e bhArI AraNya ko pAra kara hyUsAMga ne lagabhaga I. sa. 638 ko IraNa parvata nAmaka deza meM praveza kiyA (Walter II, 178 and 335) yahAM para isa ne dasa bAraha bauddha saMghArAma tathA cAra haz2Ara se adhika bauddha bhikSu dekhe / ina meM adhikAMza hInayAna saMpradAya ke samiti zAkhA ke anuyAyI the / paurANika brAhmaNa dharma ke vibhinna saMpradAyo ke bAraha devamandira bhI usane dekhe the / yahA~ para hyuMsAMga ne eka varSa taka vAsa kiyA thA / 1 4. campA (bhAgalapura jilA ) IraNa parvata se yaha campAraNa deza meM paramAtmA kI mUrti nirmANa kara pratiSThA kI tatpazcAt isa mUrti ko kalpavRkSa kI puSpamAlAoM se pUjana kara candana kI peTI meM banda kara diyA / aura samudra meM jAte hue eka jahAja meM (AkAza maNDala se) DAla diyA / jaba yaha jahAja sidhu sauvIra deza ke vItabhayapaTTana nAmaka nagara meM pahuMcA taba vahAM ke rAjA udAyI kI rAnI prabhAvatI ( rAjA ceTaka kI putrI tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mausI jo ki jainadharma kI dRDha upAsikA - zrAvikA thI) ne bar3e bhAvabhakti se arhan prabhu kI pUjA-arcA Adi karake usa peTI ko kholA / vidyunmAlI deva dvArA nirmita aura kalpavRkSa kI phUlamAlAoM se pUjita isa jIvitasvAmI kI mUrti ko nayA jainamaMdira banavAkara usa me sthApita kiyA aura usa mUrti kI svayaM niraMtara tInoM samaya (prAta:, madhyAhna tathA sAyaM) pUjana karane lagI / aisI aneka jaina tIrthaMkaro kI "jIvita svAmI" avasthA kI aneka

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 150 I prAcIna mUrtiyAM sarakArI purAtatva anveSakoM ko khudAI karate hue prApta huI haiM / jo ki padmAsana aura khar3I kAryotsarga avasthA (donoM avasthAoM) meM dhyAnastha haiN| una ke zarIra para mukuTa, kuMDala, mAlAeM, kaMkana ityAdi alaMkAra khude hue haiM / tathA aneka sthAnoM meM aisI mUrtiyAM idhara udhara par3I huI bhI milatI hai| I. sana 1930 meM eka aisI hI jIvatasvAmI kI prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva kI padmAsanAsIna pASANa pratimA ko ajamera nagara ke indrakoTa meM musalamAnoM kI '"DhAI dina kA jhopar3A' nAmaka masjida meM eka vRkSa ke nIce rakhA dekhA gayA thA / I. san 1934 - 35 meM bihAra ke rAjagraha nagara ke eka parvata para bhI aisI hI mUrti dekhI gaI thI / jo ki sarakAra purAtatva vibhAga ne eka prAcIna jainamandira ke dhvaMsAvazeSa ko khudavAne se aneka anya jainamUrtiyAM ke sAtha prApta kI thii| yahAM bhI aneka bauddha saMghArAma the kintu adhikAMza dhvaMsa dazA prApta kara cuke the / tathA ina meM rahane vAle bhikSu sabhI hInayAna paMthI the / saMkhyA bhI do sau se kucha adhika thI / devamandira prAyaH bIsa the / jainoM ke sambandha meM isa ne kucha nahIM likhA / kintu usa samaya campA meM jaina dharmAvalambI nahIM the : aisA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki hyUsAMga bauddha thA, isa liye usa ne bauddhadharma kA hI vizeSatayA varNana kara anya saMpradAyo ke sambandha meM saMkSipta ullekha mAtra kiyA hai / aisI avasthA meM usa kI maunatA se aisA nizcita karanA ucita nahIM hai / yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki Adhunika kAla meM bhI bhAgalapura zahara meM eka prasiddha jaina* mandira hai / 5. kajaMgala - (Adhunika rAjamahala) ghuMsAMga campA se kajaMgala meM aayaa| yahAM para usane chaH sAta saMghArAma tathA tIna sau se adhika (bauddha) bhikSu evaM dasa devamaMdira dekhe the / jaina saMpradAya sambandhI usane kucha bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA / 6. pauMDravardhana- (uttara baMgAla) hyuMsAMga kajaMgala se pauMDravardhana meM AyA / yahAM para isane bIsa saMghArAma tathA tIna hajAra se adhika bauddha bhikSu dekhe / inameM se adhikatara hInayAna paMthI the / zeSa mahAyAna paMthI the / prAyaH eka sau devamaMdira the evaM brAhmaNa dharmAvalaMbI bhinna bhinna saMpradAyoM meM vibhakta the 1

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 151 parantu nigraMtho* (arthAt jaina dharmAvalambiyoM) kI saMkhyA hI saba se adhika thii| pauDravardhana nagara se kucha dUra para eka stUpa thA guMsAMga ne likhA hai ki yaha stUpa azoka ne nirmANa karavAyA thA evaM bhagavAna tathAgata buddha ne isa sthAna para tIna mAsa nivAsa kara dharma pracAra kiyA thA / 7. kAmarUpa - (AsAma ke antargata guvAhATI pradeza) cInI yAtrI pauMDravardhana se pUrva kI yAtrA kara eka bar3I nadI (karatoyA) ko pAra kara kAmarUpa rAjya meM pahu~cA / usa ne likhA hai ki "kAmarUpa ke nivAsI sabhI devopAsaka haiM / kAmarUpa meM bauddhadharma kA pracAra kabhI bhI na ho sakA tathA kAmarUpa meM eka bhI bauddha saMghArAma nahIM banA / jo bauddhaloga kAmarUpa meM nivAsa karate the ve loga gupta rIti se dharmopAsanA karate the|" kintu brAhmaNa dharma ke pratyeka saMpradAya ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA atyadhika thI aura devamaMdira bhI saiMkar3oM kI saMkhyA meM the / jainadharma sambaMdhI isa ne kucha bhI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| saMbhavataH bauddhadharma ke samAna jainadharma kA bhI usa samaya taka kAmarUpa meM pracAra na huA ho / 8. samataTa - (zrIhaTTa-Adhunika silaheTa-tripurA Adi pradeza) kAmarUpa se dakSiNa dizA kI yAtrA karane ke bAda guMsAMga samataTa meM AyA / yahAM para bauddha tathA aMbauddha ubhaya saMpradAyoM ko mAnane vAle loga vAsa karate the| tIsa se adhika bauddha saMghArAma the evaM una meM prAyaH do hajAra bhikSu vAsa karate the| ye saba bhikSu sthavira saMpradAya ke anuyAyI the| bhinna bhinna saMpradAyoM ke prAyaH eka sau devamaMdira the kintu nigraMthoM kI saMkhyA hI saba se adhika thii| samataTa kI rAjadhAnI (karmAMta, kumilA ke nikaTavartI var3akAmatA) ke samIpa eka stUpa thA / guMsAMga ke matAnusAra usake samrATa zvetAMbara jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI paMcakalyANaka vAlI mUrtiyA~ bhI mAnate haiM / ina mUrtiyoM meM tIrthaMkara ke 1. cyavana (garbha) kalyANaka ke cihna rUpa garbha avasthA meM ina kI mAtA ko Ane vAle svapna aMkita hote haiM / 2. janma kalyANaka rUpa abhiSeka karAne ke cihna aMkita hote haiM / 3. dIkSA kalyANaka rUpa mUrti meM keza luMcana vAlI tIrthaMkara kI mudrA hotI hai / 4. kevalajJAna

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 152 I kalyANaka rUpa ATha pratihAryoM ke cihna aMkita hote haiM / 5. nirvANa kalyANaka rUpa tIrthaMkara kI dhyAnasthA zailezIkaraNamaya mudrA hotI hai / kisI kisI tIrthaMkara pratimA meM prabhu ke sira para mukuTa kuMDala, alaMkAroM ke cihna bhI hote haiM ve saba janma kalyANaka ke samaya indra dvArA tIrthaMkara prabhu ko pahanAye hue alaMkAroM athavA jaba prabhu dIkSA lene ke liye zivikA meM birAjamAna hote haiM usa samaya susajjita alaMkAroM ke cihna aMkita hote hai, aisI prAcIna mUrtiyA~ bhI aneka sthAnoM se milI haiM / tIrthaMkaroM kI jIvatasvAmI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI zvetAbaroM ne pUjA arcanA ke liye sthApita kI haiN| aisI prAcIna kAlIna pratimAyeM bhI purAtatva vibhAga ko milI haiN| yahAM para eka aisI prAcIna pratimA kA paricaya denA upayukta hai / zvetAmbara jainoM ke mAnya Avazyaka cUrNi tathA nizItha cUrNi evaM vasudeva hiMDI nAmaka zAstroM meM jIvatasvAmI kI mUrti nirmANa tathA usa kI pUjA arcA kA varNana bhI pAyA jAtA hai / isa kA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai : vidyunmAlI deva ne samyagdarzana kI prApti ke lie mahAhimavAn nAmaka parvata se atyuttama jAti kA candana lAkara, usa candana kI gRhasthAvasthA meM kAyotsarga dhyAna meM sthita bhAva sAdhu kI bhagavAn mahAvIra azoka ne nirmANa karavAyA thA / evaM isI sthAna para buddha deva ne sAta dina dharma pracAra kiyA thA / - 9. tAmralipti - (medinapura aMtargata Adhunika tamalUka ) samataTa se pazcima dizA meM yAtrA kA hyUsAMga tAmralipti meM AyA / yahAM para dasa bauddha saMghArAma the tathA unameM prAya: eka hajAra bauddha bhikSu vAsa karate the / devamaMdira pacAsa se adhika the / tAmralipti nagarI ke samIpa eka stUpa thA / tathA hyUsAMga ke matAnusAra ise bhI samrATa azoka ne banavAyA thA / 10. karNa suvarNa- (murzidAbAda jilA ) samataTa se uttara dizA kI yAtrA kara vaha karNa suvarNameM AyA / yahAM para dasa bauddha saMghArAma the aura unameM do hajAra se adhika bauddha bhikSu nivAsa karate the / ye sabhI hInayAna saMpradAya

Page #155
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 153 ke sammati zAkhA ke anuyAyI the| bhinna bhinna devopAsaka saMpradAyoM ke maMdira prAyaH pacAsa kI saMkhyA meM the / karNa suvarNa nagara ke nikaTa meM hI "raktamRtikA" nAmaka eka bahuta bar3A aura prasiddha bauddha saMghArAma thA tathA isI saMghArAma ke nikaTa kaI stUpa the / cInI yAtrI ke matAnusAra ina saba sthAnoM meM buddhadeva ne dharma pracAra kiyA thA / evaM usake bAda samrATa azoka ne pratyeka sthAna para eka eka karake stUpa nirmANa karavAye the / 11. oDra - (ur3IsA) karNa suvarNa se yAtrI oDra deza meM gayA vahAM para eka sau se adhika bauddha saMghArAma the evaM dasa hajAra mahAyAna paMthI. bhikSu the / mandiroM kI saMkhyA usane pacAsa likhI hai / isa ke sivAe jisajisa sthAna para buddha deva ne dharmapracAra kiyA thA una saba sthAnoM para dasa azoka stUpa bhI avasthita the / 12. kaMgoda (gaMjAma jillA) vahAM ke sabhI nivAsI devopAsaka the / isa deza meM bauddha evaM bauddha saMghArAma nahIM the| devamaMdira eka sau se adhika the| . 13. kaliMga - (ur3IsA ke dakSiNa) yahAM bauddhoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hI kama thI / yahAM para yAtrI ne kevala isa saMghArAma aura pAMca sau mahAyAna paMthI bhikSu dekhe the| abauddha hI atyadhika saMkhyA meM the / ina meM bhI nigraMthoM kI saMkhyA hI saba se adhika thI / devamaMdiroM eka sau kI saMkhyA meM the| dharma saMpradAyoM ke isa saMkSipta vivaraNa se spaSTatayA jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama bhAga meM pUrva bhAratavarSa (tathA baMgAla) meM paurANika hindU, bauddha aura jaina tInoM saMpradAyoM kA eka samAna pracAra thA / usa samaya baMgAla prAMta yA baMgadeza meM bauddhadharma kI kevala do zAkhAeM arthAt hInayAna evaM mahAyAna vidyamAna thii| yaha bAta cInI yAtrI ke vivaraNa se spaSTa jJAta hotI hai| kintu aisA anumAna hotA hai ki usa samaya baMgAla deza meM bauddhadharma dhIre-dhIre kSINa avasthA ko prApta hotA jA rahA thaa| kyoMki DUMsAMga ne svayaM hI likhA hai ki kisI kisI sthAna para (yathA vaizAlI

Page #156
154 jainatva jAgaraNa..... aura campA meM) bauddha saMghArAma adhikAMza dhvaMsa dazA prApta kara cuke the / ghusAMga ke pUrvavartI cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna ne tAmralipti nagarI meM do varSa taka (I.sa. 409 se 411) vAsa kiyA thA / usa ne likhA hai ki usa samaya tAmralipti nagara meM bauddha dharma kA yatheSTa prabhAva thA / evaM usa nagarI meM bauddha saMghArAma bAIsa kI saMkhyA me the| parantu hyUsAMga ke samaya meM mAtra dasa saMghArAmoM kI hI saMkhyA thI / ataeva yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki do sau tIsa varSoM (I.sa. 406 se 636) ke aMdara tAmralipti meM bauddha dharma kI bahuta kucha avanati ho cukI thI / DUMsAga ke vivaraNa se eka bAta aura dhyAna dene yogya hai ki IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM kAmarUpa, kaMgoda tathA kaliMga ina tIna pradezoM meM bauddhadharma kA vizeSa pracAra na ho pAyA thA / pUrva-bhAratavarSa meM brAhmaNadharma, bauddhadharma tathA jainadharma meM paraspara bahuta zatAbdiyoM taka prabala pratiyogitA (saMgharSa) calatI rahI thii| isI kAraNavaza ukta tInoM pradezoM meM bauddhadharma pradhAna sthAna prApta nahIM kara sakA thA / evaM isa pratiyogitA ke phalasvarUpa tAmralipti meM phAhiyAna ke samaya se lekara guMsAMga ke samaya taka prAyaH ar3hAI sau varSoM ke andara bauddha saMpradAya itanA durbala ho gayA thA / guMsAMga ke vivaraNa se jAnA jAtA hai ki IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM pUrva-bhAratavarSa meM jainadharma yatheSTha prabala thA / ukta cInI yAtrI bauddha thA, isa liye usa ne bauddhadharma kA hI vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| jaina va brAhmaNadharma sambandhI saMkSipta vivaraNa de kara hI kArya nipaTAyA hai tathApi dekhA jAtA hai ki vaizAlI, pauMDravardhana, samataTa evaM kaliMga ina cAra pradezoM meM jaina saMpradAya kI saMkhyA hI saba se adhika thI / magadha meM bhI bahuta jaina the isa ke atirikta (baMgAla) anyAnya pradezoM meM yatheSTa saMkhyA meM jaina nahIM the aisA mAnanA yathArtha mAlUma nahIM hotA* | ina saba pradezoM meM (uparokta cAra pradezoM kI apekSA) jainoM kI saMkhyA kama hone ke kAraNa hyUsAMga mauna rahA ho aisA jJAta hotA hai| brAhmaNadharma saMpradAyoM ke sambandha meM bhI vaha mauna sA hI hai, kyoMki kisa pradeza meM kitane devamandira the itanA hI kevala ullekha kiyA hai / kisa saMpradAya kI kitanI janasaMkhyA evaM kisa saMpradAya ke kitane maMdira

Page #157
jainatva jAgaraNa....... 155 the, isa viSaya meM vaha sarvathA mauna hai / tathApi usa samaya baMgAladeza meM brAhmaNadharma ke kauna kauna se saMpradAya vidyamAna the, isa viSaya kI thor3I bahuta sAmagrI to avazya hI hamAre pAsa hai / isa lekha meM isa viSaya para vistRta AlocanA karane ko hamAre pAsa sthAna nahIM hai / tathApi saMkSepa se do cAra pramANa dekara hI basa kreNge| hama jAnate haiM ki karNasuvarNa kA adhipati zazAMka zaiva dharmAnuyAyI thA, tathA usa kA paramazatru evaM karNasuvarNa vijetA kAmarUpa rAjA bhAskara varmana bhI zivopAsaka thA / kintu karNasuvarNapati jayanAga parama bhAgavata arthAt vaiSNava thA (E.P. Ind. XVII. P. 63) baMgAla meM jina guptasamrAToM ne rAjya kiyA hai ve vaiSNava the / una ke zAsanakAla meM brAhmaNa dharma kA baMgAla meM khUba pracAra huA thA / isa bAta kI satyatA kA yatheSTa pramANa usa samaya ke tAmrapatra Adi aitihAsika sAmagrI hai / una logoM ke zAsana kAla meM baMgAladeza meM bahuta devamandira pratiSThita hue the / isa bAta kI puSTi ke liye aneka pramANa upalabdha hai / dAmodara pura se prApta tAmrapatroM (cauthe aura pAMcaveM) se jAnA jAtA hai ki samrATa buddhagupta (I. sa. 477, se 496) evaM tRtIya kumAragupta (I. saM. 543) ke rAjyakAla meM pauMDravardhana- bhakti meM kokAmukha svAmI ke liye eka tathA zvetavarAha svAmI ke liye do mandira nirmANa kie gaye the / zuzuniyA parvata lipi (E.P. Ind. XIII) hai / isase baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA se pAye jAne vAle jaina smAraka tathA mUrtiyA~ IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI maurya kAla se lekara kuSANa kAla, gupta kAla ityAdi ko vyatIta karate hue IsA kI terahavIM zatAbdI taka kI hai / jisa meM jaina tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ nagna aura anagna donoM taraha kI haiN| tathA aisA bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kaliMgadezAdhipati cakravartI khAravela dvArA nirmita hAthIguphA Adi jaina guphAeM bhI inhIM 'nigraMthoM' ke upadeza se hI taiyAra karAI gayI hoNgii| kyoMki khAravela ke hAthIguphA ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai kiusane jaina muniyoM ko vastradAna bhI diye the| jina muniyoM ko cakravartI khAravela ne vastra dAna diye the, ve jaina zvetAmbaramuni ina upayukta cAroM zAkhAoM meM se hone cAhiye / khAravela kA samaya IsA pUrva pahalI

Page #158
156 jainatva jAgaraNa..... athavA dUsarI zatAbdI hai aura ina zAkhAoM kI sthApanA IsA pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM ho cukI thii| kheda kA viSaya hai ki baMgAla deza se prApta prAcIna jaina mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsanoM para khude hue lekhoM ko abhI taka purAtatvavettAoM ne par3hane kA kaSTa nahIM uThAyA / unakI aisI upekSAvRtti se abhI taka baMgAla kA jainadharma saMbaMdhI prAcIna itihAsa prakAza meM nahIM A sakA / hamArI yaha dhAraNA hai ki jaba ye lekha par3he jAyeMge taba jaina itihAsa para bahuta sundara prakAza pdd'egaa| pI.sI. caudharI Jaina-Antiquities in Manbhum meM likhate haiM ki "A number of inscriptions on the pedestals of some of the images have been found. They have not yet been properly deciphered or Studied. A proper study of the inscription and the images supported by some excavations in well identified area of jaina culture will not doubt throw a good deal of light on the history of culture in this part of the county extending over two. mahArAja khAravela dvArA nirmita jaina guphAeM tathA baMgAla, bihAra aura ur3IsA se prApta jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke mandira aura mUrtiyAM prAyaH una jaina zvetAmbara AcAryoM dvArA sthApita kiye gaye hone cAhiyeM jina ke gaNoM, kuloM aura zAkhAoM kA "kalpasUtra" meM varNana AtA hai| "baMgAla kA Adi dharma" nAmaka lekha meM hama dekha cuke haiM ki baMgAla deza meM nigraMthoM kI cAra zAkhAyeM1-tAmraliptikA, 2-koTivarSiyA, 3-pauMDravarddhaniyA, 4-dAsI khaTiyA thii| zrI kalpasUtra meM ina kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : "therassa NaM ajjabhaddabAharasa pAINasagottassa ime catAri therA aMtevAsI, ahAvaccA abhiNNAyA hotthA, taMjahA-1-there godAse, 2-there agnidatte, 3there jaNNadatte 4-there somadatte kAsavaguttemaM / therehito godAsehito kAsava guttehiMto itthaNaM godAsagaNe nAmaM gaNe niggae, tassaNaM imAo catAri sAhAo evamAhijjaMti, taMjahA tAmalittiA, koDivarisiyA, poMDavaddhaNiyA, dAsIkhavvaDiyA / "

Page #159
jainatva jAgaraNa ...... 157 (kalpasUtra vyA0 8 pannA 255-56 AtmAnaMda jaina sabhA bhAvanagara) arthAt-jainAcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ke cAra ziSya the / godAsa, agnidatta, jinadatta, somadatta / sthavira godAsa se godAsa nAma kA gaNa nikalA tathA isa gaNa meM se tAmraliptikA, koTivarSiyA, pauMDravardhaniyA aura dAsI kharvvaTiyA ye cAra zAkhAyeM nikalI / bhadrabAhu svAmI samrATa candragupta maurya ke samakAlIna the / una ke ziSya godAsa ke nAma se godAsa gaNa kI sthApanA ho kara usa se jo uparyukta cAra zAkhAeM nikalI ina kA samaya IsA pUrva tIsarI cauthI zatAbdI ThaharatA (133) se jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI caturtha zatAbdI se puSkaraNA (bAMkur3A jillA antargata vartamAna pokharaNa nAmaka grAma kA adhipati candravammana cakrasvAmI (arthAt viSNu) kA upAsaka thA / guptayuga meM (I. sa. 319 se 55 ) isa deza meM brAhmaNadharma kI avasthA kaisI thI / arthAt kisa kisa devatA ke liye maMdira - nirmANa aura upAsanA hotI thI; isa viSaya kI saMkSipta AlocanA kI hai / phAhiyAna ke vivaraNa se yahI anumAna hotA hai ki usa samaya isa deza meM bauddhadharma bhI yatheSTa prabala thA tathA saMbhavata: sAtavIM zatAbdI kI apekSA prabalatara hI thA / duHkha kA viSaya hai ki phAhiyAna ne (I.sa. 405 sa 411) isa deza ke dharma saMpradAyoM ke viSaya meM vistRta ullekha nahIM kiyA / usa ne mAtra campA (bhAgalapura) aura tAmralipta kA sAmAnya vivaraNa hI likhA hai / (Legge. P. 100) guptayugaM meM isa meM jaina saMpradAya kI avasthA kaisI thI, isa viSaya kA koI vizeSa vivaraNa nahI pAyA jAtA / kintu usa samaya bhI nizcaya hI jainadharma kA khUba adhika prabhAva thA / nahIM to hyUsAMga ke samaya baMgAla meM jaina dharma kA itanA prabhAva honA saMbhava na thA / pahAr3apura meM ( rAjazAhI jile se ) prApta hue tAmrapatra se mAlUma hotA hai ki I.sa. 479 meM nAthazarmA evaM rAmI nAmaka brAhmaNa daMpatti ne pauMDravardhana (bagur3A jilAMtargata vartamAna mahAsthAnagar3ha nikaTavartI "baTagohAlI" (Adhunika gomAlabhiTA pahAr3apura ke samIpa) nAmaka sthAna meM jainavihAra kI pUjA arcanArtha sahAyatA karane ke uddeza

Page #160
158 jainatva jAgaraNa..... se kucha bhUmi dAna dI thii| usa samaya usa vihAra meM zramaNAcArya nigraMtha guhanandI ke ziSya praziSya maujUda the| (E.P. Ind. XX.P.P. 61.63) isa se jJAta hotA hai ki guptayuga meM jainadharma mAtra supratiSThita hI nahIM thA kintu dhanavAna brAhmaNa bhI jainadharma aura jainAcAryoM ke prati anurAga pragaTa karate the evaM AvazyakatA ke lie bhUmidAna kara sahAyatA karate the| isa kA vizeSa ullekha karane kA prayojana yaha hai ki baTagohAlI kA yahI jaina vihAra IsA kI pAMcavI zatAbdI ke antima bhAga meM pauMDravardhana nagara ke samIpa avasthita thA tathA sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM bhI ghUsAMga ne pauMDravardhana pradeza meM bahuta nigraMtha dekhe the| saMbhavataH IsA pUrva 300 varSa meM pATalIputra nagara meM jaina saMpradAya kI eka sabhA nimaMtrita kI gayI thI, evaM isa sabhA meM jainoM ke dharmazAstra samUha ko bhalIbhAMti vargIkaraNa tathA surakSita kiyA gayA aura usa ke uttarakAla meM ina zAstroM ke lupta hone kA prasaMga Ane para bhI ye lupta hone se bacA liye gaye kyoMki gupta samrATa ke abhyudaya ke carama samaya I.sa. 458 gujarAta ke antagarta vallabhI nagarI meM eka aura sabhA nimaMtrita kI gayI / jisameM jainadharma zAstroM ko phira se surakSita va lipibaddha kiyA gayA / yahI Agama zAstra samUha vartamAna jainadharma kA itihAsa racane ke lie itihAsakAroM ke liye pradhAna sAdhana hai| pAMcavI zatAbdI meM isa zAstra samUha kI koI navIna racanA nahIM kI gayI thIM kintu prAcIna Agama sAhitya samUha ko hI mAtra lipibaddha kiyA gayA thA / vahI kAraNa hai ki isa zAstrasamUha se hI bahuta prAcIna itihAsa jAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu sthAna sthAna para ina graMthoM meM uttarakAlIna prabhAva bhI dikha par3atA haiN| isI zAstra samUha meM jaina itihAsa kA eka prAcIna prAmANika graMtha kalpasUtra hai| isI graMtha meM jainadharma kI bhinna bhinna zAkhA prazAkhAoM kA nAma jAne jA sakate haiM / unhIM zAkhAoM meM se yahAM para tAmraliptikA koTivarSiyA, pauMDravardhaniyA evaM dAsI kharvvaTiyA kA vicaraNa huA / __ hamArI yaha bhI dhAraNA hai ki kaliMgadeza meM khaMDagiri, udayagiri meM (dAsI) kaLaTika-kharcaTikA vizeSatayA ullekhanIya hai 1. tAmralipti

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 159 medinIpura jilAMtargata tamalUka kA prAcIna nAma hai| 2. prAcIna koTivarSa nagara dinAjapura jile meM avasthita thA / 3. pauMDravardhana nagara bagur3A jilA antargata mahAsthAnagar3ha nAmaka sthAna para avasthita thA / aisI vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai| 4. karvvaTa nagara kA ullekha mahAbhArata meM bhIma kI digvijaya ke prasaMga para milatA hai| varAhamihira ke "bRhatsaMhitA" nAmaka grantha meM bhI karvvaTa janapada kA ullekha hai / yaha janapada "rAr3ha" arthAt pazcima baMgAla meM tAmralipti ke samIpa hI avasthita thA / tAmralipti, kavaTa, koTivarSa evaM pauMDravardhana ye cAroM sthAna guptayuga meM vizeSa prasiddha the / isa kI puSTi ke liye pracura pramANa upalabdha haiN| pUrvokta jaina "kalpasUtra graMtha" I. sa. 458 meM samrATa, kumAragupta ke zAsana kAla meM (I.sa. 415 se 455) lipibaddha huA thaa| isa lie aisA anumAna karanA anucita nahIM hai ki guptasamrATa ke zAsana kAla meM baMgAladeza meM tAmralipti, koTivarSa Adi cAroM sthAnoM meM jainadharma vizeSa prabala thA / pUrvokta pahAr3apura ke tAmrapatra se vaha pauMDravardhana nagara se adhika dUra nahIM thaa| ataeva isa bAta ko mAnA jA sakatA hai ki baTagohAlI bihAra ke nipa~tha jaina pauMDravardhaniyA zAkhA ke anuyAyI the / evaM isa samaya se kucha uttaravartI kAla meM yUMsAMga ne pauMDravardhana meM jina samasta nigraMthoM ko dekhA thA, ve bhI isI zAkhA ke anuyAyI the / phAhiyAna evaM hUMsAMga donoM . ne hI tAmralipti nagara meM nivAsa kiyA thA / aura una meM se kisI ne bhI jaina saMpradAya ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM likhA / kintu Apa ko jJAta ho gayA hai ki tAmralipti jainoM kA eka bar3A kendra thA / isI liye hama pahale kaha Aye haiM ki yUMsAMga kI maunatA se koI siddhAMta nizcita karanA ucita nahIM hai| evaM jina saba sthAnoM kA varNana karate samaya usa ne jainoM ke sambandha meM kucha bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA una saba sthAnoM meM bhI thor3e bahuta jaina avazya hI the, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| hama dekhate haiM ki guptayuga meM isa deza meM jaina, bauddha, vaiSNava tathA zaiva ye cAroM dharma saMpradAya hI adhika pratiSThA sahita vidyamAna the / yahAM para eka prazna upasthita hotA hai kiye dharma-saMpradAya kisa prakAra aura kisa samaya baMgAladeza meM vistAra pAye, aura kisa dharma ne sarva prathama isa deza

Page #162
160 jainatva jAgaraNa..... meM pradhAnatA prApta kI ? duHkha kA viSaya hai ki baMgAla deza kA guptayuga se pahale kA itihAsa bar3e hI andhakAra meM hai| isa samaya jo kucha bhI itihAsa taiyAra karane kI sAmagrI hamAre sAmane maujUda hai yadi idhara udhara se saMgraha karake usa samaya ke itihAsa kI racanA kI jAe to bhI dharma sambandhI itihAsa kI sAmagrI kA to hamAre pAsa abhAva sA hI hai| isa liye guptakAla ke parvavartI kaI zatAbdiyoM kA dharma viSayaka itihAsa racane kA prayAsa karanA kaThina avazya hai / tathApi usa samaya pUrvokta dharma saMpradAya avirAma pracAra pA rahe the isa viSaya meM kiMcitamAtra bhI saMdeha nahIM hai| vaiSNava dharma kA prAcIna nAma bhAgavata dharma thA / isa dharma kI utpatti prAcIna kAla meM huI thii| IsA se pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM grIka dUta megAsthanIja ne mathurA ke pradeza meM isI dharma kA vizeSa prabhAva pAyA thA / IsA ke pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM takSazilA ke grIka rAjA (Antialcidas) paMcama zukarAja ne bhAgabhadra kI vidizA sthita rAja sabhA meM helyuDorAsa nAmaka dUta ko bhejA thA / isI yavana (arthAt grIka) dUta ne bhAgavata dharma grahaNa kiyA thA / isa parama bhAgavata yavana helyuDorAsa ke prasaMga se uttaravartI kAla meM parama vaiSNava yavana haridAsa kI kathA bhI svataH smaraNa ho jAtI hai| hama pahale likha cuke haiM ki magadha ke guptasamrATa sabhI bhAgavata dharmAnuyAyI the| IsA pUrva caturtha zatAbdI se IsA kI caturtha zatAbdI taka puSkaraNAdhipati cadravarmana cakrasvAmI kA upAsaka thA / baMgAla meM bhAgavata athavA vaiSNava dharma kA yahI prathama pramANa hai| hama pahale kaha Aye haiM ki IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM uttarabaMgAla meM kokAmukha devatA ke liye eka maMdira nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| yaha kokAmukha saMbhavataH ziva kA eka rUpa hI thA yadi aisA hI ho to isI ko baMgAla meM zivadharma kA prathama aitihAsika pramANa samajha kara grahaNa karanA caahie| isa se uttara kAla meM karNasuvarNa se rAjA zazAMka evaM karNasuvarNa vijetA bhAskaravarmana ye donoM zaiva the / vartamAna meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki baMgAladeza meM zaivadharma ne apanA prabhAva kaise phailAyA thA / yaha dharma bhAratavarSa kA eka

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 161 prAcIna dharma hai / siMdhu dezAntargata mohanajodaDo nAmaka sthAna se zivaliMga, zivamUrti Adi aitihAsika yuga se bhI pahale ke aneka zaivadharma ke pramANa pAye gaye haiN| Rgveda ke devatA rudra ko kaI loga ziva hI svIkAra karate haiN| kisI kisI vidvAn kA yaha mata hai ki baMgAla ke prAcInatama adivAsI aMga, baMga pauMDra Adi tribe ke jana samAja meM tAMtrika liMgapUjA pracalita thI / isI liMga pUjA ke sAtha prAgaitihAsika zaivadharma kA yoga honA koI vicitra bAta nahIM hai / yadi aisA ho, taba kahanA hogA ki zaivadharma baMgAla kA Adi dharma thA / kintu aitihAsika-yuga ke jisa zaivadharma kA bhAratavarSa meM pracalana pAyA jAtA hai vaha aneka aMzoM meM prAcIna zaivadharma se svataMtra thA / isI uttaravartI zaivadharma ko navazaiva nAma diyA jA sakatA hai / isa nava zaivadharma kA suspaSTa pramANa IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke kuSANa rAjA ke sikke meM pAyA jAtA hai| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM zivopAsanA kA ullekha hai| isa ullekha ke samaya se kitanA pahale athavA kitanA bAda meM isa dharma ne baMgAla meM praveza kiyA thA isa ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI kuSANayuga meM hI mahAyAna evaM hInayAna ina donoM bauddha saMpradAyoM kI utpatti huI thii| hama loga isa bAta ko jAna cuke haiM ki hUMsAMga ke samaya meM baMgAladeza meM hInayAna aura mahAyAna ina donoM saMpradAyoM ke hI bauddha the| kuSANayuga meM bauddhoM ke jisa navIna saMpradAya kA utpatti huI thI usI kA nAma mahAyAna thA / inhIM mahAyAna bauddhoM ne prAcInapaMthaka bauddhoM ko hInayAna nAma diyA / ataeva yaha bAta mAna sakate hai ki hUMsAMga ke samaya baMgAla meM jo hInayAna saMpradAya thA vahI baMgAla kA prAcInatama bauddha saMpradAya thaa| mahAyAna saMpradAya ne avazya hI kuSANa yuga ke bAda baMgAla meM pracAra pAyA thA / kintu mahAyAna bauddhadharma ne baMgAla meM kaise praveza kiyA isa viSaya ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane ke liye hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM hai| guptayuga meM baMgAladeza meM zaiva, vaiSNava Adi paurANika dharmo ke sivAya vaidika brAhmaNa dharma bhI pracalita thA / samrATa prathama kumAragupta ke (I.sa. 415 se 455) samaya ke do tAmrapatroM dvArA (I.sa. 443 aura 448) hama

Page #164
162 jainatva jAgaraNa..... jAna sakate haiM ki usa samaya pauMDravardhana-bhakti meM (arthAt uttara baMgAla meM) brAhmaNa loga agnihotra paMcamahAyajJa-prabhRti vaidika kriyA karma karate the| isa vaidika brAhmaNa dharma ne baMgAla meM kisa samaya praveza kiyA isa viSaya kI AlocanA karane kI AvazyakatA hai / hama bhAgavata, zaiva Adi paurANika dharmo kI saMkSipta AlocanA kara cuke haiN| aba Age cale / IsA kI pUrvavartI kaI zatAbdiyoM se hI baMgAla vAle chor3e hue bAloM kA AkAra hai / parantu digambaroM kI mAnyatA aisI nahIM hai / unakA kahanA hai ki RSabhanAtha se lekara mahAvIra paryanta saba tIrthaMkaro ne paMcamuSTi loca kI thii| kisI bhI tIrthaMkara ke sira para bilakula bAla nahIM the / usakA varNana isa prakAra hai : tataH pUrvamukhaM sthitvA kRtasiddha namaskriyaH / kezAnahu~cadAbaddha palyaGkaH paMcamuSTikam // nilucya bahumohAgravallarI: kezavallarI: / jAtarU padharo dhIro jainI dIkSAmanuSAdade / (digambara jinasenAcArya kRta mahApurANaM-parva 17 zloka 200-201) arthAt - "tadanantara bhagavAn (RSabhadeva) pUrva dizA kI ora muMha kara padmAsana se virAjamAna hae aura unhoMne paMcamaSTi kezaloca kiyA / dhIra bhagavAn ne mohanIya karma kI mukhyalatAoM ke samAna bahuta sI keza rUpI latAoM ko locakara yathAjAta avasthA ko dhAraNa kara jina dIkSA grahaNa kii|" hama likha cuke haiM ki zvetAMbara jainoM ko tIrthaMkaroM kI nagna mUrtiyAM vaise hI mAnya hai jaise ke ki anagna mUrtiyAM isa kI puSTi ke lie eka pramANa ora dete haiN| zrI kalpasUtra meM varNana hai ki :___"prathamAMtima jinayoH zakropanItaM devadUSyApagame sarvadA acelktvm|" (kalpasUtra subodhikA vyA. 1 pR. 1) catuviMzaterapi teSAM (jinAnAM) devendropanItaM devadUSyApagame tadabhAvAdeva acelatatvam / " (kalpasUtra kiraNAvalI vyA0 1 pR. 1)

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 163 arthAt - tIrthaMkara prabhu jaba dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM jaba zakrendra unako devadUSya vastra detA hai / " vaha devadUSya vastra prathama aura aMtima jinezvara kA gira jAne se ve sarvadA nagna rahe / tathA "caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko indra dvArA diyA huA devadUSya vastra gira jAne se vastra ke abhAva se nagna rahe / " ina uparyukta pramANoM se bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki zvetAMbaroM ko tIrthaMkara kI nagna avasthA kI mUrti bhI vaise hI mAnya hai jaise ki anagna isI liye ve tIrthaMkara kI anagna tathA nagna donoM prakAra kI mUrtiyAM kI pratiSThA karAkara una kI pUjA arcA karate haiM. 1 evaM ina "sabhAnAtha" kI mUrti ke irda-girda jo golAkAra prabhAmaMDala, vidyAdharoM, dvArA phUlamAlAe tathA puSpa, sAjabAja tathA cAra jur3e hAthoM ke bIca meM tIna chatra ityAdi cihna aMkita hai ve tIrthaMkara ke ATha prAtihAryoM cihna haiM / tIrthaMkara ko ye prAtihArya kevalajJAna hone ke bAda hote haiM / unake nAma ye haiM : "azokavRkSaH surapuSpavRSTirdivyadhvanizcAmaramAsanaM ca / bhAmaMDalaM dundubhirAtapatraM, satprAtihAryANi jinezvarANAm // 1 // artha :tIrthaMkaro ke 1. azokavRkSa, 2. devatAoM dvArA puSpavRSTi 3. divya dhvani 4. cAmara 5. siMhAsana 6. bhAmaMDala 7. dundubhi 8. chatra ye ATha 'vastueM (tIrthaMkara ke sAtha pratihArI ke samAna hone se ) prAtihArya haiM / ata: isa uparyukta mUrti meM jo 1. golAkAra prabhAmaMDala (bhAmaMDala), 2. vidyAdharoM dvArA puSpamAlAyeM tathA puSpa (puSpavRSTi), 3. sAja bAja (dundubhi) 4. cAra jur3e hue hAthoM ke bIca meM chatra 5. do indra cAmara lekara khar3e haiM (cAra), 6. baiThane kA sthAna (siMhAsana) ityAdi cihna aMkita haiM / jaina mUrtiyoM ke viSaya meM kucha AlocanA kareMge / baMgAladezake dInAjapura jilAMtargata surohora se prApta 'sabhAnAtha' kI jisa cittaraMjaka nagna mUrti kA varNana hama pahale kara Aye haiM vaha mUrti bhI zvetAmbara jainoM kI mAnyatA ke anukUla hai / kintu digambaroM kI mAnyatA pratikUla hai| kyoMki digambaroM ko tIrthaMkara ke sira para bAla honA sarvathA

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164 jainatva jAgaraNa...... amAnya hai| yaha "sabhAnAtha" kI nagna mUrti prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhanAtha kI hai| "kalpasUtra" meM zrI RSabhanAtha ne jaba dIkSA grahaNa kI thI usa samaya kA varNana isa prakAra hai : "yAvat Atmanaiva caturmASTikaM locaM karoti, catuSTabhirmuSTibhiloMce kRte sati aviziSTAM ekAM muSTiM suvarNavarNayoH skandhayorupari luThaMti kanakalazopari virAjamAnAnAM nIlakamalamiva vilokya hRSTacittasya zakrasya AgraheNa rakSatvAn / " (kalpasUtra vyA. 7 pR. 151 devacandra lAlabhAI graMthAMka 61) arthAt "zrI RSabhanAtha prabhu ne gRhatyAga kara dIkSA grahaNa karate samaya apane Apa cAra-muSTi loca kI / cAra-muSTi loca kara lene para sone ke kalaza para virAjamAna nIlakamala-mAlAke samAna bAkI rahe hue muSTi pramANa sunaharI bAloM ko prabhu ke kaMdhoM para girate hue dekha kara prasanna citta vAle indra ke Agraha karane se prabhu ne (apane sira para) rahane diye / " isa se yaha bAta bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki yaha mUrti jise "sabhAnAtha" kI mUrti ke nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhanAtha kI hI hai aura unake mastaka para jo jaTAeM haiM ve pAMcavI muSTi meM jaina, bauddha aura vaidika dharma thI pracalita the / aisI mAnyatA kI puSTi ke liye kaI kAraNa upalabdha haiM / IsA pUrva prathama (dUsare matAnusAra dvitIya) zatAbdI meM kaliMgAdhipati khAravela ne uttara evaM dakSiNa bhArata meM eka vistRta sAmrAjya sthApita kiyA thA / usa kI hAthIguphA lipi (zilAlekha) se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha jainadharmAvalaMbI thA evaM jainadharma kI unnati ke liye vaha vizeSa prayatnazIla thA / apane rAjya ke terahaveM varSa meM usa ne kaliMga nagara meM jaina saMpradAya kI eka sabhA nimaMtrita kI thI tathA isa sabhA meM jainazAstra samaha kI AlocanA kI gayI thii| isI varSa usane jaina muniyoM kA zvetAvastra bheMTa kiye the / isa se eka varSa pahale nandarAjA dvArA kaliMga se le jAyI gayI huI eka jainamUrti ko yaha magadha se punaruddhAra kara vApisa kaliMga meM lAyA thA / ina sarva pramANoM se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya kaliMga rAjya

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 165 jainadharma kA eka pradhAna-kendra thA / ataeva jisa samaya kaliMga meM jainadharma kA itanA prAdhAnya thA / usa samaya baMgAladeza meM bhI jainadharma kA bahuta prabhAva thA aisA svIkAra karanA anucita na hogA / yahAM isa bAta ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA ki musAMga ne bhI kaliMgadeza meM jaina-saMpradAya kA hI prabhAva saba se adhika dekhA thA, aisA ullekha kiyA hai / tathA usa samaya baMgAladeza ke nAnA sthAnoM meM bhI jainoM kA prabhAva khUba hI adhika thA / upayukta hAthIguphA ke lekha se yaha bAta bhI jAnI jAtI hai ki samrATa khAravela ke zAsanakAla meM kaliMga meM brAhmaNoM kA abhAva nahIM thA / tathA samrATa svayaM jainadharmAnuyAyI hote hue bhI usane brAhmaNoM ke prati yatheSTa dAkSiNyatA batalAI thii| hAthIguphA ke lekha meM bauddhoM kA kucha bhI ullekha nahIM hai| / .....

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166 jainatva jAgaraNa..... 11. sarAka jAti kA rahasya itihAsakI AlocanA karane para samajhameM AyA hai ki tIrthaMkarake paramparAgata zrAvaka Aja bhI maujUda hai| jo sarAka jAti ke nAmase pahacAne jAte hai| yaha jAti purUliyA jile (baMgAla) ke uttara-pazcima kSetra meM lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM vAsa karate hai...| sarAka jAti ke viSaya meM abhI taka koI bhI grantha suzRMkhala paddhati se pragaTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| Aja bhI bahutoM ko patA nahI hai ki mAnabhUma ilAkemeM eka dina jina logoM ne AryasabhyatA kI Aloka-vartikA ko vahana . kara lAI thI vaha yaha "sarAka" sampradAya hai / prasaMgata : ullekhanIya hai E.T. Dalton ne bhI apanI smaraNikA meM sarAka samAja ke prAcIna astitva kI bAta kI hai / Dalton kI bhASAmeM ye loga mAnabhUma jile ke prathama Arya vaMza ke Adi puraskartA haiM / ".....and another held by the people who have left many monuments of their ingenuity and piety in the adjoining district of Manbhum and who were certainly the earliest Aryan settlers in This Part of India Sarawaks of Jains..." tathya-(Dalton, Edward Tuite :- Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal Cal. 1872 P.P. 416-417) ___ sarAka jAti ke loga eka jaina dharmAvalambI jarUra the, magara vartamAna meM ve apane Apako hindu kahakara paricaya dete hai| hindusthAna kI mUla prajA saba hindU hai, bhale ve vaiSNava sampradAya bhakta hai yA jaina, sikkha, buddha yA ora koI bhI sampradAya pAlaka ho / dhArmika bhAvanA sabakI alaga-alaga hone se saMskRti aura AcAra saMhitA sabakI alaga alaga sI najara AtI hai Akhira to sabhI hindU hI hai, kyoMki hindutva dharma nahIM haiM, sabhyatA hai| jAti prathA ke kAraNa khAnapAna evaM parivezameM bhinnatA dikhAI paDatI hai / magara rASTrIya bhAvanA sabakI eka hai, aura vaha hai hindutva kI bhAvanA vartamAna sarAkoM ke pAsa jo saMskRti TikI huI hai, vaha saMskRti mizra saMskRti hai|

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 167 usame vaiSNava aura jaina kI saMmizramaNa saMskRti hai / Aja inake pAsa na sadRDha dharmavRtti hai aura na koI apanI svakIya saMskRti hai / sarAka jAti mUlata : jaina hI hai inakA paricaya unake gautra dvArA milatA hai unakI gautra prathA meM ota-prota hokara juDe hai jaina tIrthaMkaroke nAma / sarAkagaNa mUlata : jaina dharmAvalambI hai yaha bAta i. Ti. DalaTana, geTe, sara harabarTa risale, kupaleMDa, W. W. Hunter Adi aneka aMgrez2o ne apane granthameM ullekha kiyA hai / " sarAMka" yaha zabda niHsaMdeha zrAvaka zabda kA apabhraMza zabda hai / prAcIna kAla meM sarAkoM ke bujurga vyaktioM ne apane saranemakI jagaha zrAvakake badalemeM "sarAvaka" aisA zabda likhate the, pazcAt sarAvaraka ( Surname) meM se dhIre dhIre kAlAntarameM "va" kA lopa ho jAne se "sarAka" zabda nA hai / yaha " zrAvaka" kA arthavAcI rUDha zabda " sarAka" zabda bana gayA hai / eka samaya vRndAvana sarAka nAma ke eka sajjana sarAkasamAjake adhipati hue the (sarAkasamAja pati) unake pAsa samAja kI pUrNa sattA thI, ve jaina sampradAyake sAtha pUrNa rUpena samparka rakhate the / jaina kI AcAra saMhitAko bhalI bhAMti jAnate bhI the / unake dvArA likhI gaI " sarAvaka " vyAkhyA nimnarUpa hai sarAvaka sa vacana, ka - kriyA jisameM ve sarAvaka | samyag rUpase zobhatI hai vacana kriyA jisakI athavA sabhyatA hai jisakI vacana kriyA meM, vaha sarAvaka hai / 1 'zrAvaka" zabda ke vyutpatigata artha - 44 - zrA zraddhA va viveka - va samyaga, rA - rAjate, -

Page #170
168 jainatva jAgaraNa.... ka - kriyA arthAt - zraddhA pUrvaka vivekavAn banakara jo kriyA (karma) karate hai, ve zrAvaka hai| dharmazravaNa karake jo apane guNadharmako TikAye rakhatA hai| zRNoti iti zrAvakaH jo sunatA hai vaha zrAvaka hai / jaina darzana meM kAna (karNa) ko / zravaNendriyako (zabda grAhya indrayako) sarvApekSA mahatvapUrNa pragaTendriya mAnA hai / mAnava samAja meM jo jitanA jyAdA zravaNendriya ko pragaTa kara pAtA hai vaha utanA mahat tatva kA adhikArI banatA hai| zravaNendriya ko zAstrAnusAra urdhvamukhI karane meM jo samartha hote hai, vaha zravaNa ke adhikArI banate hai| vahI jinendra yA tIrthakara ke upAsaka yAni zramaNopAsaka bana sake hai / The name Sauvak, Serak, of Saraks Clearly a Corruption of Sravak the Sanskrit waud for a 'Hearer' Which was used by The Jains for lay brethern, i.e. Jains engaged in secular pursuits as distinguished from yati, i.e. Priests or ascetics (O'malley, L.S.S.Bangal District gazetteers, Vol-xx, Singbhum Etc-cal-1919, P.P.-25-26) ullekhanIya hai ki omelI kI kitAba me bhI isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa hai / vebhArija henarI anudita Abula phasala ke akabara nAmA kI pAda TIkA meM isa viSaya kA ullekha hai / In Hindustan the Jain are usually called Syauras but distinguished themselves into Sraavakas and yatis, the Name does not seen to be in use now, I do not know its origin unless it be a corruption of cretambar. tathya (Beveridge, Henry- "Akbarnama" (Eng. TR. of Abul Fazle) Vol-I P.-147 (F.N.-2) see also cole brooke Ref. IX. P-291 samagra jaina sampradAya do bhAga meM baTe hue the, yAjaka evaM prayAjaka

Page #171
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 169 DalaTana ke grantha meM isakA ullekha hai / agravAla va osavAla ina dono upAdhi ke dvArA yaha prasphuTa huA hai / The Whole of The Jains are divided into yati's and Saravaka Clericaland lay and as There Goches or family division in clude Aguawal and oswal's (E.T.I. Dalton... J.A.S. of Bengal Vol-35 Part - I (cal. 1866) mukundarAma cakravartI ne apane caNDimaMgala kAvya meM likhA hai / "sarAka vase, gujarAte, jIvajantu nahI kAMTe" adhika sarAka (zrAvaka) gujarAtameM rahate hai, jo jIvajantu kI hiMsA nahI karate hai, ve saMpUrNa nirAmiSa hai / isa kathana se spaSTa samajhA jA sakatA hai ki sarAkoM kA vaMzavistAra gujarAta meM bhI huA thA / baMgAla prAnta meM jahA~ prAyaH sabhI mata paMtha ke loga mAMsAhAra karate hai vahAM eka mAtra sarAka jAti hI mAMsAhAra nahI karatI hai| vahI vastutaH jaina kI jAti hai| sarAka jAtine Aja bhI apane ahiMsA pradhAna dharma ko avyAhata rakhA hai| dIrghakAlake bAda bhI ve apanI viziSTatA akSuNNa rakha pAye hai, yAni ki ve Aja bhI mAMsAhAra nahIM karate hai / "On The ancient copper Mines of Singbhoom" 1457 grantha meM I.TI. DalaTana sAheba ne likhA hai| - sarAka jAti ke loga smaraNAtIta kAla se tAmra zilpa meM niyukta the| siMhabhUma evaM dhalabhUma ilAkoM meM sarAko ke prabhAva se eka samRddha tAmra yuga kA AviSkAra huA thA / pazcAt "ho" jAtike logoM ke sAtha sarAkoMkA zilpa saMbandhI vivAda huA thA / eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha baMgAla presiDiMga se bhI jAnA jAtA hai ki, sarAka logo ne hI tAmra khAnoM kA AviSkAra kiyA thA, kAlAntara meM "ho" sampradAya ke loga inako (sarAkoM ko) usa kSetra se vitADita karake unake cinha ko sampUrNataH vilupta na kara pAye the makAna Adi meM sarAkoM kA astitva raha gayA thA / sarAkagaNa sirpha tAmra yuga ke hI pravartaka nahI the balki lauha yuga

Page #172
170 jainatva jAgaraNa..... ke bhI saMsthApaka the / "ajaya" nadI ke donoM kinAro para rUpanArAyaNapura se pAMDavezvara taka 90 mIla kI dUrI avadhi parvata samAna loha sUpa evaM loha culli the, usake sAtha bhI sarAka saMmpradAya ke loga yukta the / jaina sAhitya meM isakA ullekha milatA hai / jaina sAhitya meM yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki prathama lohAcArya the, sudharmAsvAmI, ve baMgAla ke vAsinda the / jaina dharma ke paMDitavarga inako lauha zilpiyoM ke guru kahate the / dvitIya lohAcArya the kalpa sUtra kAra bhadrabAha svAmI / DaoN. ramezacandra majumadAra ne (History of bengal Vol. P.P. 40910) bhadrabAhu kor3ha deza ke vAsI batAkara unakA varNana kiyA hai / bhadrabAhu svAmI Adi aneka munigaNa sarAka parivAra kI santAneM thI / inake prayatna se bhArata varSa ke pUrvAMcala me lohazilpa kA "suvarNayuga" AyA thA / sarvopari kahA jA sakatA hai, ki sarAka jAti purUliyA jile ke (pUrva ke mAnabhUma) vAsindA thii| evadaMcala ke sarAkoM kA ullekha grantha meM Alekhita hai| "The early Medieval Jain merchants of Purulia have left behind a community called "Sravak" meaning Jain laity. The Saraks of Purulia are Jain in their faith and practice, and most of them are in trade, commerce and business, The Majority of them Unlike the immigrant Jains of modern times, live in rural areas and survive as Money - lenders and small traders 792 (West-Bengal District Gazetteers' Purulia Cal1985, P.P. 83-84) prAkmadhyayugIya jaina vaNikoM ne phaisalA karake purUliyA meM kucha zrAvakoM ko rakhakara sAre deza choDakara anyatra cale gaye the / puruliyA ke sarAko meM Aja bhI vaNikatva parilakSita hotA hai, magara ati sAmAnya / adhikatara zrAvaka (sarAka) vartamAna meM grAmya jIvana vyatIta kara khetIbAr3I se apanI AjIvikA karate hai|

Page #173
jainatva jAgaraNa....... sarAkoM kI AdivAsI bhUmi va vAsabhUmikA parivartana jaina itihAsa ke anusAra sarAkoM meM jinakA Adideva gautra hai, ve zrI Adideva ke uttara sUrI hai / jinakA anaMtanAtha gautra hai, ve zrI anaMtanAtha ke uttara sUri hai jinakA dharmadeva gautra hai, ve zrI dharmanAthake uttara sUri hai jinakA zaMDila gautra hai, ve zrI zAMtinAthake uttara sUri hai jinakA kAzyapa gautra hai, ve zrI pArzvanAtha ke uttara sUri hai / 171 bhagavAna zrI AdinAtha, bhagavAna zrI dharmanAtha, bhagavAna zrI anaMtanAtha evaM bhagavAna zrI zAMtinAtha kA janma sarayu nadI ke taTabhUmi ayodhyA va ratnapura tathA pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA janma sthAna gaMgAnadI ke tIravartI vArANasI hai, isalie kahA jA sakatA hai ki sarAka jAti ke AdivAsa sthAna bhArata ke uttara pazcima prAMta meM thA / paravartIkAla meM jainadharma ke pracAra evaM vyavasAyavANijya Adi nAnAvidha kAraNoM ke mAdhyamase zrAvakoM ko choTA nAgapura ke mAnabhUma prAMta meM Akara basanA par3A thA / sammetazikhara, (zikharabhUma), rAjagRhI, pAvApurI, caMpApurI Adi se lekara rAMcI, mAnabhUma taka Der3ha sau mAIla vyAsa ke ardhavRtta grAmyabhittika arthanaitika vyavasAya meM sarAka gaNane apanA navIna jIvana prAraMbha kiyA thA / caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se bIsa tIrthaMkara to sammetazikharajI (zikharabhUma) para nirvANa hu the / isa viSayameM sara harabarTa risale sAheba ne likhA hai pArasanAtha (pArzvanAtha) ko hI "sarAka" saMmpradAyane apane ArAdhya deva ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA thA / "On the other hand, Parswanath, the Twenty third Tirthankar who is belived to have attained Nirvana on Parswanath hill in Hazaribagh is still recognized by the sarak as their Chief deity..." (Risley Herbert Hope. The Tribes and castes of Bengal, Vol-II, Cal-1981, P. P. 237) bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra svAmI jI ke pitA siddhArtha rAjA jaise bhagavAna

Page #174
172 jainatva jAgaraNa... zrI pArzvanAtha prabhujI ke upAsaka the / saMbhavataH vaise hI Ananda zrAvaka Adi ke pitA bhI zrI pArzvanAtha prabhu ke upAsaka the| sarAkoM kI paramparA Ananda zrAvaka, kAmadeva zrAvaka, surAdeva Adi zrAvakoM kI hai| sarAkoM ko mUlataH pArzvanAtha saMtAnIya zrAvaka kahA jAtA hai / vartamAna samaya meM sarAkoMLA vasavAsa purUliyA (W.B.) (mAnabhUma) ke pazcima prAMta meM atyadhika saMkhyA meM sarAkoM kA vAsa hai / rAMcI (bihAra), vardhamAna (W.B.) uDIsA, sAMtAlaparagaNA, dhanabAda, bA~kur3A Adi prAMta me sarAkajAtike loga rahate hai, isase pahale "inakI vAsabhUmi kaMsAvatI nadIke tIravartI mAnabajAra aMcala meM thI / jaise bodAma, budhapura pAkabir3arA, rAMcI Adi prAMtomeM sarAkoM kI vastI thI. magara kaba se ve vahA vAsa karate the, kahanA muzkila hai| kahIM se usakA ullekha prApta nahIM hai| phira bhI dasavI zatAbdI se lekara solahavI zatAbdI taka ke kAla meM ve loga (sarAkajAti) vahAM hI vAsa karate the, aisA ullekha milatA hai|" kAMsAi nadI kI taTabhUmi ke purAtAtvika jaina nidarzanoM se anumAna lagAyA gayA hai, ki vahA~ kI pattharakI mUrti Adi nidarzana dasavIM zatAbdI se lekara terahavIM zatAbdI ke samayakAla meM banAI gaI thI / "This is borne out by fact that from all along the banks of the kansai (Kansavati) river, Numerous stone images of jain Toithankar have been found. Which are datable to the 10th, 11 th or 12th centuries on stylistic consideration. Besides these, their are remmants in the above places of Jain temples built between the 10th and 13th centuries in variation of the North Indian and Orissan and Nagaresikara style. These can be seen at Boram, Budhpur, Charrach, Palma Pakbirrah....." (West Bengal District gazetters Op. Cit. P. 139) kAMsAI nadIke taTameM jo bhI purAtAttvika nidarzana milA hai, isake

Page #175
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 173 viSayameM "I.TI. DalaTana' sAheba ne likhA hai, vahA~ ke dhvaMsAvazeSa meM rahe jaina mandira evaM avazeSa hI pramANa karate hai, ki usa nadI kI taTavartI bhUmi jainoM (sarAko) ke hAthameM thI / ..."the saraks appear to have colorized along the banks of the rivers and we find their temples ruins on the banks of the Damadar, the kansai is rich in architectural remain..." ullekhanIya hai ki atIta ke budhapura va pAkaviDarA (jo vartamAnapurUliyA se 30 ki.mI. dUra para hai) ke Upara hokara banArasa se lekara tAmralipi bandara paryanta eka vANijyika mArga kA astitva thA / yaha bandara mukhyataH tAmraptAni ke kAma meM lipta thA, ataH usakA nAma paDA thA "taamrlipt"| usa rAste ko kendra kara jaina dharmAvalambI sarAka sampradAya kI sabhyatA aura saMskRtikA prAdurbhAva huA thA / "...Another route from Tamluk direct to Banaras on Probably passed through pakbirra and Budhpur on the benks of the kansai near Manbazar,.........the fact that in those ancient times, the merchants who are credited with having built these old temples..." (west-bengal Districts gazetteers op. cit.P. 235 prasaMgataH kahanA ThIka hai ki mAnabajArake pArzvavartI ilAke meM abhI isI (sarAka) sampradAyake loga nahI rahate hai / lupta sabhyatAkI smRti cinha rUpa vahA~ vidyamAna hai, mAtra sarAkoM ke pUrva purUSa ke atIta mandira sthApatya bhASkaryake dhvaMsAvazeSa evaM dhvaMsastUpa / sarAkoM kI jAti maryAdA pAne kA rahasya baMgabhUmi para jaba vargI kA AkramaNa huA thA, usa samaya paMcakoTa para bhI AkramaNa huA thA / rAjaparivAra ke sAre rAjapurUSoM ko vargIyoM ke dvArA hatyA kara dI gaI thii| usa samaya mAtra eka zizu rAjaputra raha gayA thA /

Page #176
jainatva jAgaraNa...... usa AkramaNa ke samaya bhIkhama siMha rAjAke zizuputra "maNi" ko catura zrAvaka (sarAka) apane ghara para le gayA, aura chipA diyA thA / vargIgaNa jaba taka vahAM rahe taba taka usa bAlaka ko zrAvaka ne apane hI ghara meM chipA rakhA thA / sambalahIna aspRzya zrAvakane eka dina socA yadi mai isa rAjakumAra ko rakhatA hU~ to rAjamaryAdAkA ulaMghana karatA hU~, ata: usane usa " maNilAla kumAra ko maNihArA " gAMva ke saMbhrAnta brAhmaNa ke ghara para choDa diyA hai| zizu thor3e dinoM meM yuvAvasthA ko prApta kiyA / I.sa. 1674 kI sAla meM jaba zizu (maNi) dvitIya raghunAtha siMhadeva ke rUpameM rAjA banA taba apane pAlaka pitA svarUpa una zrAvakako ucita maryAdA dekara sammAnita kiyA thaa| usa dina se sarAkoM ko purohitapada Adi saba kucha mile the / saMbhavataH usa dina se sarAko kI rIta rasmeM hinduoMkI taraha hone lagI thI / 174 samAlocanA ko aura bhI Age le jAye / vitarkita viSaya ko pUrNa kara denA hI yukti yukta hai / itipUrva 11vIM zatAbdI meM sarAkoMke jainatvakA vilopa huA thA aura hindutva meM utaraNa ghaTA thA, phira bhI I.sa. 1863 kI sAla meM I. TI. DalaTana dvArA racita eka mUlyavAna lekhase jAnakArI milI hai, ki mAnabhUma jile ke antargata (vartamAna kA puruliyA) jhA~paDA gAMva ke sarAkagaNa (zrAvakagaNa ) jaina dharma ke prati zraddhA rakhate hai evaM pArasanAtha (pArzvanAtha) bhagavAna ko apanA ArAdhyadeva mAnate hai / unake lekha se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki jhA~paDA purUliyA se 12 mIla dUrI para hai / paribhramaNake samaya I.TI. DalaTana ko jitane bhI sarAka mile hai, ve sAre buddhidIpta evaM AtmamaryAdA se saMpanna the / aise hI nahIM I. TI. DalaTana sAhaba ne una sarAkoM ko pArzvanAtha bhagavAnake upAsaka kahakara varNana kiyA hai / unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai, sarAkabhAI sUrya dekhe binA kabhI AhAra nahI krte...| 1 "In 1863 I halted at a place called Jhapra, 12 miles from purulia and was visited by some villagers, who struck me as having a very respectable and intelligent appearance. They called themselves srawaks and they prided themselves on the fact that under our Government not one of their

Page #177
jainatva jAgaraNa....... 175 community had ever been convicted of a heinous crime. They are represented as having great scruples against taking life. Thay must not eat till thay have seen the sun, and they venerate parswnath. There are serveral colonies of the same people in chotanagpore proper, but they have not been there for more than seven generations, and they all say they originally came from panchete. Contrasted with the Moondah or cole race, they are distinguished by their fairer complexions, regular features and a peculiarity of wearing the hair in Knob rather high on the back of the head, They are enterprising, and generally manage to combine trade, They are enterprising and generally manage to combine trade with agricultural pursuits, doing business both as farmers and money lenders "(E.T. Dalton Notes on a Tour in Manbhum in 1864-65" Op. Cit. P. 186) Aja se prAyaH 133 varSa pUrva "I.TI. DalaTana sAhebane sarAkoM kI rIti rivAja dekhakara unake viSayameM jo bhI kucha kahA hai, vaha nimna rUpa hai / (1) sarAka isa kSetra kI purAtana - jAti hai, para AdivAsI (harijanoM) meM se nahI hai / AryavaMzodbhUta - jAti hai / (2) briTiza ke yugameM kisI bhI aparAdhase daMDita nahI / (3) jIva hiMsA kabhI nahIM krte...| (4) sUryodaya ke pahale kabhI AhAra nahI karate the, aura nA hI kabhI sUryAsta ke bAda AhAra karate the...| (5) choTA nAgapura meM bharapUra sarAka hai / ve kaI sadiyoM se haiM / (6) vartamAna meM sarAkoM kI mAnyatA hai, ve paMcakoTa ke hI haiM / (7) sarAka jAti ke loga khetIbAr3I, vyavasAya tathA mahAjanI ke kAmameM dakSa haiM /

Page #178
176 jainatva jAgaraNa..... jainapADA se jhA~par3A jhA~par3A zabda saMbhavataH " jainapAr3A" zabda kA vikRta rupa hai / pAr3A yAni-galI vahA~ 90 pratizata sarAkoM kA vAsa hone se gAMvakA nAma "jainapAr3A" rakhA gayA thA / aMgreja loga use jainapADAko jhainapADA kahate, yA jhA~napADA kahate the / bhArata kI AjAdI ke bAda se usa gAMvakA nAma jhA~par3A aisA rUDha zabda bana gayA hai / jainapAr3A nAmako caritArtha karane ke lie jhA~par3A 'kezariyA AdIzvara' jaina derAsara kA nirmANa huA hai / jo puruliyA jile kA sarvaprathama evaM bhavya zvetAmbara jaina mandira hai / jisakI pratiSThA 28-2-94 I.sa. ko kI gaI thI / isa bhavya jinAlaya kA nirmANa pa. pU. muktiprabha muni evaM vinItaprabha muni kI preraNA se huA thA / jisameM (20000) bIsa hajAra sarAka bhAI sammilita hue the / sarAka samAja ke bIca jaina muni dIkSA sarva prathama isI jhA~par3A meM huI thI / tA. 27-2 - 94 I.sa.) sarAka samAja ke bIca muni mahAtmA kA prathama cAturmAsa isI gAMva meM huA thA / (I.sa. 1994 vi. sA. - 2050) caitrI olI evaM aSTAnhikA mahotsava bhI sarvaprathama bAra huA thA / unmArga se mArga kI ora I. TI. DalaTana sAhebake anusAra I. sa. 1863 khISTAbda meM sarAkoM ne apane Apako jaina batAyA hai / para usa samaya jaina dharma ke andara ( zrAvakoM meM) hinduoM ke AcAra-AcaraNa kataI praveza ho cuke the / aisA honA svAbhAvika hai, taiMtIsa karor3a devI-devatAoM ko jainaloga kahA~ asvIkAra karate hai ! baMgAlameM kAlI, mahAkAlI, durgA, lakSmI, sarasvatI, manasA Adi devIoMkI hinduloga pUjA karate hai / jaino meM bhI ina deviyoM kI pUjI kI jAtI hai / pUjApArvaNakI dRSTi se vidhi vidhAnameM bhinnatA najara A sakatI hai, magara deva - devIke svarUpa to lagabhaga vaise hI hai / I jaina aura hindu deva devIoMkI eka rUpatA baMgadeza meM mahAkAlI aura kAlidevIkI pUjA dhUma dhAmapUrvaka vizeSa

Page #179
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 177 tora para manAI jAtI hai / vaha dIpAvalIkI rAtriko hI manAI jAtI hai / jainakI 16 vidyAdevIomeM kAlI, mahAkAlI kA sthAna hai / baMgAlameM vaiSNava sampradAya ke loga dUrgApUjAko apanI zreSTha pUjA mAnakara mahotsava manAte hai / jainomeM usa durgA mAtAko aMbA (aMbIkA) mAtA kahate hai, jo bAvIzatama tIrthaMkarakI zAsanadevI kahI jAtI hai| dono devImeM eka rUpatA hai| siMhavAhiNI, varSAdhAriNI durgA devIko jaise vaiSNava mAnate hai, jaina loga bhI isa mudrAko mAnate hai / vaiSNava sampradAyameM sarpakI devIko manasA mAtA kahate hai, jainome sarpadevIko padmAvatI devI kahate hai / lakSmI aura sarasvatIkI pUjAkI mAnyatA jaina aura hindudharmameM pUrNa rUpa se pracalita hai| saptadaza zatAbdI paryanta sarAkagaNa jainadharmakI upAsanA karate the, kintu paMcakoTameM Aneke pazcAt unakI zraddhA-hindutva bhAvApanna ho gaI thI / paMcakoTake antargata eka-eka grAmome jaina-darzanake nidarzana mile hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki sarAkoMkI hindutvakI bhAvanA 100-150 varSake andara paidA huI hai| dayAnaMda sarasvatIke "loka prakAza" granthase prApta jAnakArIke anusAra vaiSNava sampradAyameM mUrti pUjAkI paramparA jyAdA dinakI nahI hai / prAcIna kAlameM "zivamandira" hinduoMne banavAye the, aura usameM mAtra zivaliMgakI sthApanA kI thI / dusare deva-devIkA maMdira nahI banavAte the, jaba jina jina devI devatAkI pUjAkA samaya AtA hai, taba unakI mUrti banAkara pUjA karate hai| hindu dharmameM mUrtipUjAkI paramparA jaina-dharmase AI hai / Aja bhI purUliyA tathA dhanabAda jileke kSetrameM jo bhI mUrtiyA~ milatI hai, ve sArI jaina mUrtiyA~-yA jaina-dharma ke zilpagata deva-devIoMkI mUrtiyA~ milI hai| prAyaH puruliyAke pratyeka grAmomeM jaina-dharmake nidarzana milate hai| jina-jina grAmomeM zrAvaka/sarAkalogokA vasavATa thA, vahAM grAmasthAna (garamasthAna) eka jaina-mandira hotA thaa| pUre gAMvake jaina-ajaina sabhI vahAM darzanArtha jAyA karate the / aura usa mandirako grAmathAna (garamathAna) kahate the| hamArI mAnyatA hai, ki gAMvake amukakSetrako gAMvake loga grAmadhAna kahate hoMge, jahA jaina evaM itara maMdira hotA thA, kyoMki hama jahAMbhI gaye hai, vahAM

Page #180
jainatva jAgaraNa...... jaina-dharmake kucha na kucha dhvaMsAvazeSa mile hai / kahIM kahIM jaina mandirake astitvake pAsa hI zivamandirake namune mile hai, anya kisI hindu mandirake astitva nahI mile hai / 178 jaise pADA zaharame eka uttuMga jaina mandira hai, usake bagala meM eka uttuMga hindumandira bhI hai / tetulahITI (thAnApADA ) ke pAsa khaMDahara hai, jise delabhiTA kahate hai / (dela-yAMnedevala, bhiTA yAnI khaMDahara ) vahA~ jaina - mUrti aura zivaliMga ke astitva Aja bhI paDe hai / kelAhI (pADA) gAMvake nadIke taTa para eka jaina mandira evaM eka hindumandira (zivamandira) ke avazeSa mile hai / una avazeSomeM se eka zilAlekha hai / usa kSetrake loga yA vahAM jobhI dekhane Aye the, usa zilAlekha ko par3ha nahI pAye / vahA~ ke logoMkI mAnyatA hai, ki usa zilAlekha ko jo bhI par3ha legA usake sAmane patthara phaTa jAyegA aura use gupta dhana mila jAyegA / hama I.sa. 1993 - 1994 kI sAlameM jaMba baMgAla dezameM paribhramaNa kiye, taba usa gAMvameM bhI hamAre upara gAMvake logoko kAphI AsthA hai / gAMvavAlene hame pattharakI mahimA zunAkara zilAlekhakA darzana karavAyA mAgadhI, baMgalA, samizrita usa zilAlekha hamane par3hA usame likhA hai, "bAlurAma vrajarAja sarAka deva kulikA" / isa lekhase anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, ki prAcIna kAlameM bAlurAma vrajarAja sarAkake dvArA jaina-devakulikA banAI gaI thI, aura vaha devakulikA kisI zAsanadevIkI thI / hamAre paribhramaNake samaya hama jina-jina gAvoMmeM gaye, vahAM kucha na kucha jaina-dharmake namUne mile hai | kahI mandira kA avazeSa, to kahI khaMDita mUrti, kahI kalaza to, kahIM kahIM sthAna Adike avazeSa mile hai /

Page #181
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 179 vizeSa grAma ___ zAMkA sA~kar3A Asanavani kelAhI tadazAma yahA~ para jaina-mandiroMke dhvaMsAvazeSa sarAko ke ghara maMdira-mUrti nahI jinamUrti (pUrNa) AdIzvara bhagavAna kI kAle patthara / kI cobIsI 60 ghara hai dharmanAtha tathA jhApaDA se 3 ki.mI. dUra buddha kI mUrti candraprabha svAmI kI mAnakara buddha pUrNimA ke dina gAMva pUrNa mUrti ke loga anuSThAna karate hai| 20 ghara hai dhvaMsAvazeSa-maMdira jhAMpaDA se 2 ki.mI. dUra gAMva 1 ki.mI. dUra 80 se jyAdA hai dhvaMsAvazeSa maMdira gAMvameM eka pASANakI devamUrti nadI ke kinAre maMdirakA dhvaMsAvazeSa hai| 60 ghara hai bhagnamUrti, maMdira yaha gAMva meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI bhagna kA avazeSa mUrti, bauMca dhAtu kI akhaMDa mUrti (deva-deviyoMkI) eka vizAla maMdira kA avazeSa / 100 ghara hai mahAvIra svAmI zyAmapada ke ghara nirmANa ke samaya ' kI mUrti milI / 50 ghara hai, garama thAna meM gAMva ke bAhara pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ghara nahIM hai sampUrNa tIrtha 7 phUTa kI baDI baDI mUrtiyA evaM tIrtha svarUpa maMdirakA dhvaMsAvizeSa ghara nahIM hai| khaMDita jina celiyAmA aura govarAdhA ke pAsa mUrtiyA~ dhvasaM jina mUrtiyA~ hai / nahIM hai| maMdira hai, mUrti ke vartamAna meM D.V.C.S. meM DUba avazeSa / cukA hai| ghara nahIM haiM bhagna jaina eka samaya jo rAjA kA gar3ha thA mUrtiyA~ usameM / naMduyArA bAdhAnavADI pAkaviDarA govarAMdhA telakupI paMcAta parvata

Page #182
180 jainatva jAgaraNa..... uparaDoha 80 ghara hai bhojuDIha 4 ghara hai seneDA 70 ghara hai baDadA 30 ghara hai bAlavAsA 4 ghara hai grAmasthAnameM sAutAlaDoha se 5 ki.mI. dUra khaMDita jaina mUrtiyAM gAMva bAhara jinamUrti gAMva se 2 ki.mI. dUra jo Aja bhairavanAtha ke nAma se pUjI jAtI hai / zAMtinAtha bha.kI. raghunAthapura se 10 kI.mI. hai ___ mUrti anyamUrti pArzvanAtha bha. kI isa gAMva ke eka maidAna meM ___ mUrti hai padmAvatI kI mUrti grAma devI ke nAma se pUjI jAtI hai| grAmasthAna meM maidAnameM eka jina mUrti hai / mUrti ke avazeSa hai dharmanAtha bha.kI mUrti hai jaina mandirake avazeSa hai| dharmanAtha bha. kI dharmadeva ke nAma se pUjI mUrti jAtI hai / jaina maMdira dhvasAvazeSa jina mUrti ke jaMgala meM avazeSa hai| anekamUrti dhvaMsAvazeSa kaMsAvatI nadI ke taTa para hai dhvaMsa jinamUrti kahI kahI mUrti ke avazeSa milate hai| chaDarA TumuMTha nahI hai 50 ghara hai cAMcakA nahIM hai mAnabajAra nahIM hai ghara hai pAta kuMbha

Page #183
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 181 karIba jilA bhittika sarAka gAMvo kI parisaMkhyA rAjya jilA grAma saMkhyA sarAka saMkhyA puruliyA pazcima baMgAla vardhamAna 3 lAkha ke bAkuDA medinIpura rAMcI bokAro 7 lAkha ke . bihAra dhanabAda karIba siMhabhUma . karIba sAMvatAla paraganA 26 uDIsA 36 3 lAkha ke karIba nAgAlaiNDa 25 1 lAkha mIjhorama 50 hajAra . 50 haz2Ara mijorama 5 haz2Ara aruNAcala pradeza 3 lAkha tibbata 5 lAkha bAMgalAdeza 50 haz2Ara myAnamAra (barmA) 6 lAkha bhUTAna 50 hajAra sikkima 50 hajAra viyaTanAma thAIlenDa

Page #184
182 jainatva jAgaraNa....... sarAkoM ke laukika AcAra anuSThAna strI jAti kI viziSTatA sarAka parivAra kI mahilAe~ vivAha ke bAda hamezA sADI pahanatI hai| jaba taka zAdI nahI hotI hai taba taka salavAra kamIja, skarTa phraoNka evaM koI koI sADI bhI pahanatI hai / vivAha ke bAda sADI pahanane kA Azaya yaha bhI hai, ki mAtR evaM pitR pakSa ke kuTumbI sivA dUsaroM ke sAmane mAthA para ghughaMTa rakhane kA saubhAgya ke sAkSIrupa pati ke AmaraNa paryanta sarAka striyA~ mAthe para siMdUra lagAtI hai| ve cappala jUte zAdI honeke bAMda kabhI. nahI phntii| saMbhavataH sarAkasamAja meM striyoM ko jUtA-cappala pahananekA rivAja nahIM thaa| Aja kucha zikSita mahilAe~ bAhara gAMva yA mele, bAz2Ara meM jAte samaya jUtA-cappala pahanane lagI hai, magara ati sAmAnya / kumArikAe~ zAdI ke pahale mAMga nahI sajAtI yAni mAMthe ke bIja sItI nahI kATatI, bAe yA dAMe sItI kATakara apanI kumArikA kI pahacAna karavAtI hai / sarAka samAja meM vidhavA vivAha kA pracalana nahI hai Aja bhI M.C. (mAsika) dharmakA pAlane kI prathA sarAkoM ke ghara meM pAI jAtI hai / puruSa jAti kA vaiziSTyatA : dhotI-pAyajA mA-penTa - kamIja vartamAna ke paridhAnIya vastra hai / 50 varSa pIche jAyeMge to kahanA paDegA ki paridhAnIyaM vastra rupe puruSo ke paridhAnIya vastra dhotI, jAmA aura salavAra kamIja the, mAthe TopI paghaDI pahananA paData hai / prAyaH gujarAtIoM kI taraha vezabhUSA hai / vivAha baMdhanakA nIti niyama vivAhakA saMbaMdha taya karate pahale vara evaM kanyA ubhaya pakSa ke vaMza kA vicAra karate hai / ubhaya pakSa kA gautra sama ho jo to zAdI nahI hotI hai / sarAka samAja ke andara goSThI prathA bhI hai / pUrva ke bujurgoM ne amuka vaMzake logoM kI amuka goSThIkI AkhyA dekara gauSThI nirmANa kiyA thA 1 gauSThI prathAmeM uccanIca aura sama kA vicAra karake zAdI kA anuSThAna racAte I

Page #185
jainatva jAgaraNa...... hai / jo Aja ke samayameM mahatvapUrNa viSaya nahIM rahA / I sarAkoM kI zAdIke sAre niyama baMgavAsI hinduoM ke jaise hone para bhI kucha bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai / hinduoM kI taraha sarAkoM kI sagAI hotI hai| AIbuDo bhAta ( kaumArya bhAta) dadhimaMgala, nAndImukha, haladI chAMTa, anuSThAna zarIra para haladI lagAI jAtI hai / vara vAMdanA pokhaneM kI kriyA (sirpha sarAkoM me hai) chAdanatalA - vivAha ke maNDapameM vara- -vadhuko pATana para biThAyA jAtA hai hai 1 - 183 zubhadRSTi - vara-vadhu paraspara dRSTi milAte hai / mAlAbadala vara-vadhu eka dUsare ke paraspara gale meM mAlAropana karate sindUradAna zrAvakoM ke mata me 'sindUradAna' sUrya ke sAkSImeM hotA hai, yAni ki sUryodaya ke eka praharake bAda vara kanyAke mAthe para siMdUra pahanAte hai / hindu dharma me rAta ko siMdUra dAna ho jAtA hai / (saMbhavata: jaina kI paraMparAme yaha rAtako karanA niSidhda hai) kusumaTIkA - siMdUra dAnake pazcAta homa karane kI kriyA hotI hai, aura homa kI rAkha aura ghI milAkara vara-vadhu ko tilaka kiyA jAtA hai, pazcAt upasthita sabhI ko tilaka kiyA jAtA hai (yaha kriyA hindudharma se bhinna hai, ho sakatI hai, jainoM kI hI paramparA ho ) - - - vadhubhAta - dUlhA jaba dulhanako lekara apane ghara jAtA hai to AtmIya janako vadhubhAta (bhojana) kA anuSThAna karAte hai / aSTamaMgala - zAdI ke ATha dinake bAda jaba jamAI punaHzvasura (sasura) gharame AtA hai, taba aSTamaMgalakA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai / dvirAgamana - vara dUMsarIbAra sasurAla AtA hai, taba bhI anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai / sarAkasamAjameM bAla vivAha kI prathA thI, vartamAna meM nahIM hai / vidhavA vivAha nahIM hotA hai / chuTA cher3A kI prathA nahIM hai /

Page #186
184 jainatva jAgaraNa ....... - sarAkoM me satIdAha prathA nahIM hai / phUlazayyAkI prathA sarAkoMmeM nahI hai / purUSoM kA bhI punaH vivAha nahIM hotA hai, aura kabhI hotA hai to prathama strI se santAna na hone se prathama strI ke matAnusAra punarlagna hotA hai / | | | sarAka AhAra vijJAna sUryodaya ke pahale evaM sUryAsta ke bAda sarAkagaNa AhArAdi nahIM karate hai, jo I. TI. DalaTana ne apane eka grantha meM kahA hai / Akhira sarAka to jaina dharmAvalambI hai| jaina dharma meM abhakSya anantakAya bhakSaNa evaM rAtribhojana niSedha hai / vartamAna kAlameM nyUnAdhika ina AcAroMkA hrAsa hotA jA rahA hai / baMgAla kI sArI prajA jahA~ AmiSabhojI (mAMsAhArI) hai vahAM mAtra sarAka hI aisI eka jAti hai jo nirAmiSabhojI ( zAkAhArI ) hai / vanaspatimeM se anantakAya "bahubIja" bilADI kI Topa evaM kSudra phala ve (sarAka) nahIM khAte hai, varSo se yaha prathA cAlU hai / vaiSNava sampradAya ke saMsparza meM rahakara sarAkagaNa vartamAna me mUlI, gAjara, Alu, sakariyA, riMganA, adraka khAnAM prAraMbha kiyA hai, phira bhI sAmAjika anuSThAnameM ina cIz2oM kA praveza niSedha hai / jAmaphala evaM TamATara ke bIja nikAla kara hI sarAka mahilAe sabz2I banAtI hai / riMganA jAti ke phaloM ko bhakSya nahIM mAnate hai / sarAkoM meM bAsI cija khAnekI prathA nahIM hai| khIra, roTI, dAlabhAta, muDi (mamarA) zAkabhAjI inake mukhya AhAra hai / uttapama, DhosA, cAvala ke puDale, puDI, buMdI, rasagulA Adi anuSThAnika AhAra hai / ve subaha muDi (mamarA) caTanI evaM zAma ko dAla, roTI, bhAta, sabjI bhojana meM lete hai I 1 kakar3I sivAya dUsarI sabjI jAtIya phaloM ko kacce nahIM khAte hai sarAko ke pAsa apanI mAlikI ke tAlAba meM kisIko bhI machalI cAsa karane nahI dete hai /

Page #187
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 185 sarAkajAti ke vArSika anuSThAna sarAkagaNa vaizAkha mahInese varSakI parigaNanA kA prAraMbha karate hai| baMgAbda varSa se parigaNanA hai, vaizAkha aura jyeSTha yaha do mahInemeM sarAkagaNa nAma saMkIrtanakI yAtrA karate hai / pAri-pAri se eka eka dina eka eka parivAra cane-guDa aura pAnIse sAdharmika kI bhakti karate hai| caitanya mahAprabha ke bAdase nAma kIrtanakI yaha prathA cAlU huI hai, magara cane gur3a aura pANi dAna karanekI prathA cAla hai hii| saMbhavataH- sAdharmikabhakti kA yaha vikRta rUpa hai| jyeSTha mahInemeM zvasura, sAle apane ghara nUtana jamAioM ko bulAkara kapar3e Adi dekara bahumAna karate hai, aura anya jamAioM ko miThAI (pakavAna) Adi bhejakara apanI adA pUrNa karate hai| Aja bhI yaha rivAja hai, jainoM (sarAko) ke sivAya yaha anya kisI ke nahI hai| ASAr3ha : ASAr3ha mahIne meM ASAr3hI parva manAte hai| zuSka phala Adike sabjI khAne kA rivAja hai, jisa phalo meM rasa sAmAnya hai, vaise phaloM kI sabjI khAne kA rivAja hai, jaise kaNTolA, turIyA, kArelA Adi / AdrA nakSatra ke dina sAmUhika Ama khAne ke liye apane kuTuMbiyoMko bulavAte hai| aura Ama khAne kA niSedha jAhira karate hai, usa dinako AmavatI kahateM zrAvaNa : zravaNa karane kA mahInA hai / gurU Adi ke yoga na milane se vartamAna meM purohita Adi se vrata kathA sunate hai / vyAkhyAna vANI sunane kI prathA varSoM se calI A rahI hai| pahale sabhI sunate the, Aja vrata karanevAle hI vrata-kathA sunate hai| bhAdrapada : rAtri jAgaraNa kA mahInA hai| isa mahInemeM upadeza mUlaka gIta saMgIta se AhiMsA kI dhArA ko anyoM taka pahuMcAte hai / pahale jaina paraMparA kI paddhati se mahilAe rAtri ko ikaThThI hokara sAMjhI kI taraha gIta gAkara rAtri jAgaraNa manAtI thI / Aja usakA rupa vikRta ho gayA hai / sarAkoM meM bhAdu pUjana jAgaraNa kA anuSThAna manAyA jAtA hai / prasaMgata : paMcakoTa ke rAjA nIlamaNi siMhakI putrI kA nAma bhadrAvatI

Page #188
jainatva jAgaraNa...... 186 thA / usakI zAdIke dina jaba vara zAdI karane A rahA thA, taba usakI rAste meM hatyA ho gaI thii| zAdI nahIM ho pAne ke kAraNa gharavAloMne anyatra zAdI karavAne kA mana jAhira kiyA / magara bhadrAvatI (bhAdU) ne nakArAtmaka javAba detI huI kahA mujhe kahI zAdI nahIM karanI hai, satI honA hai / punarlagna na kara usa rAjakumArI ne apane bhAvI pati kI citAmeM Atma vilopana kiyA / yAni kI satI ho gaI / usa satIkI smRtimeM hindu jainoM meM usa satI ke gIta-saMgIta gAye jAne lage / sarAkoM kA rAjaparivAra seM acchA saMbaMdha hone ke nAte rAtrijAgaraNa meM bhAdukI smRti gIta gAye jAne lage / gIta meM kahI bhAdu prasaMga kA varNana nahIM AtA hai / mahApuruSo ke hI gIta hai, jaise tIrthaMkara, rAma tathA kRSNake upadeza ke gIta / jaina graMthakAra saMghadAsake "vasudeva hiMDI" ke caturdaza khaMDameM jo rAmAyaNakA varNana hai " pauma cariyaM" meM jisa taraha rAma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaise varNana kA bhAdu gIta meM ullekha milatA hai / isase siddha hotA hai jainoM kA "jAgaraNa" pUrva se hotA A rahA hai / bhAdu (bhadrAvatI) kI satI hone ke bAdase usame navIna rUpa diyA gayA hai| Aja bhI " bhAdu jAgaraNa" jaina jainettara meM manAyA jAtA hai / 66 ..The daughter of one Raja Nilmany Singhadev Sarma of Panchakot, on the day of her marrige the groom failed to arrive as he was killed on the way by dacoits, Bhadu would not marry any other suitable groom as she had already mentally offered herself to the man who was now dead. She ascended the funeral pray of her might have been husband and perished in flames, since then people have been worshipping her with songs and dances, in which man, woman and children took part on the last day of Bhadra (Middle of September)" (West-Bengal Distric Gazettes op. cit. P. 132) AzvinaH navarAtra, navapadakI ArAdhanA kA anuSThAna manAyA jAtA thA / vartamAna meM baMgAlameM durgA ( aMbA mAtA) pUjA hotI hai, isa anuSThAna meM

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 187 sarAkajAti bhI bhAga letI hai| eka paramparA jainoM kI isa parvameM parilakSita hotI hai / Azvina mahIne meM yAni navarAtra taka sarAkoM apane gharakI dIvAra para jAtajAta ke citra Alekhya karate hai / jiname, navapada, maMgala kalaza, aSTamaMgala, nAgapAza (dharaNendra yaMtra) tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana, tathA jaina zilpakalAke citra hote hai / vartamAna kAlameM AyaMbila olIkI ArAdhanA kahIM kahIM hotI hai / sarAka bhAI isa mahIne meM mahApUjA racAte the / (mahApUjA aSTAnhikA ke eka kartavya hai) hindu dharma ke saMsparza meM Ane ke bAda durgA pUjA ko mahApUjA mAnate hai| kArtika : isa mahIne meM dIpotsava manAyA jAtA hai| mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANake upalakSa meM sarAkagaNa apane ghara se zaNa lakaDI kI mazAla taiyAra karake AbAla vRddha talAva taka jAte hai, aura punaH mazAla lekara ghara lauTate hai / isa Ane jAne ke bIca isa paMktiko doharAte hai / isa paMkti ko kahate hai : "IjaMi re piMjai re" yaha mAgadhI bhASA kA chaMda hai / "ArAia" kA yaha koI vikRta zabda honA cAhie / Aja taka isa zabda kA kisIne artha ghaTana karane kA prayatna nahI kiyA hai| isa mahinemeM aura bhI kucha anuSThAna kiye jAte hai, jo vaiSNava dharmakI paramparA se Aye hue hai| dIpAvalIke samaya aneka sarAkabhAI dIpotsava manAne ke liye pAvApurI meM Aja bhI jAte hai| dIpotsava ke dUsare tIsare dina "vAMdanA parva" bhAI vAMdanA, gAI vAMdanAkA parva manAyA jAtA hai / mRgazIrSa (agrahAyaNa): isa mahInemeM lakSmIpUjA, vana devatA, kSetra devatA kI pUjA sarAkabhAI apane hAthoM se karate hai| pauSa : aSTamaMgala ke "vardhamAna" ke AkAra kA eka maMgala cinha banAkara usake UparI bhAga meM aSTamaMgala ke cinha Alekhya kara mahIne taka ghara para rakhate hai, aura zAmako sAMjhI gAte hai / makara saMkrAMti ke dina usa

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188 jainatva jAgaraNa..... - pratIka ko rathAkAra eka laghu maMca meM sthApita kara sarovara yA nadI paryanta saMkrAnti yAtrA nikAlate hai / usa pratIka ko baMgAlI bhASAmeM "Tusu" kahate hai| isa zabdake bAremeM Aja taka tadanta nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki Tusu zabdakA kyA artha hai / saMbhavataH Tusu kA artha "stupa' honA cAhie / isa rAz2a kA patA Ajataka nahIM calA hai / mAha (mAgha): sarAkagaNa isa mahIne kI zukla paMcamI ke dina sarasvatI pUjA racAte hai| vArSika kartavya zrutapUjAke rUpa se anuSThAna racAte hai| AbAlavRddha gharake sAre sabhya apane gharameM rahI kitAbe-vahi ko eka maMca meM rakhakara svayaM pUjA karate hai| phAlguna : (phAgaNa) sarAkagaNa isa mahIne kI pUnamake dina sammetazikhara kI yAtrA karate hai| nyUnAdhika Aja bhI yaha prathA jArI hai| sarAkoMmeM holI khelane kI prathA Aja bhI nahI hai / caitra : caitra mahInemeM kuladevI-devatA-pitaroM kI pUjA karate hai / AyaMbila tapAdi karate hai / eka samaya choTe baccekA "anna prAzanna" evaM mastaka muMDana, sammetazikharajI meM karavAne kI prathA thI / Aja kahIM bhI karavAte hai / SaSThI pUjA : mAtA SaSThI kA vratakara saMtAnake Upara vAtsalya kI dhArA bahAtI hai, laukika prathAnusAra amuka khAdya vastu saMtAno ko dekara bahumAna karatI hai| tatpazcAta vratI gaNa svajanoM ke lie saujanya kI bhAvanA se "paravI" (miSThAna, gur3adhAnA Adi) bhejate hai / kaise AyA sarAkoM me vaiSNavatva ? 1674 zatAbdImeM dvitIya raghunAtha siMhadeva jaba paMcakoTa rAjya kA rAjA huA thA, taba sarAko ke prati usakI sahAnubhUti svabhAvataHprasphuTita huI / vaha apane pAlaka pitA samAna "sarAka" sajjana ko apane ghara para bulavAye aura dhana dekhakara kRta unakA paricaya diyA / rAjA ne jIvanadAna dene vAle zrAvaka se kahA "bAbA tumhArI vajaha se Aja maiM rAjA ho sakA hU~" Aja

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 189 mAMgo vaha dene ke lie taiyAra hu~ / sarAka zrAvakane kahAM beTA ! aura to kucha nahI caahie| yadi Aja Apa kucha denA hI cAhate ho to hamArI jAti kI ucita maryAdA cAhie / Aja taka nIca jAti kahakara hamArI upekSA kI gaI hai| rAjAne turanta kahA~ "morA purohita torA purohita" jo rAja parivAra kA purohita vohI terA purohita hai / usa dinase sarAko ke kriyA anuSThAnameM "ADatA" gAMvake duve brAhmaNa gaNa Ane lage the / una brAhmaNoMke saMsarga se sarAkomeM hindutvakI bhAvanA dRr3ha hotI gaI, aura kucha vaiSNava devIyoMkI pUjA sarAkoM ke ghara anuSThita hone lgii| phira bhI Aja paryanta sarAkagaNa vaiSNava dharma ko pUrNatayA grahaNa na kara pAye / iMda, vAMdanA, chAtAparva, evaM baliparva Adise Aja bhI sarAka bhAI dUra rahate hai| . sarAka evaM sammetazikhara sammetazikhara (pArasanAtha) meM eka samaya sarAkoM kA Adhipatya thaa| eka samayameM unakI dekharekha se sammetazikhara tIrtha kA pUrNa vikAsa huA thA / janazruti haiM sammetazikhara kI rakSAke liye sarAko ke kai yuvAna zahIda bhI hue the / zikhara bhUmiko choDakara zrAvaka-varga bhale dUra cale gaye the, magara sammetazikhara ko apane hRdaya se dUra na rakhA thA / jaba kabhI zikharajI para Aphata AtI thI taba dauDa Ate the| sarAkagaNa vaiSNava, brAhmaNokI cAlameM Akara vaiSNava sampradAya meM samAviSTa ho gaye the| prAkkathana se isakA khulAsA ho hI gayA hai / arvAcIna kAla meM Aja se AnumAnika 70-80 varSa pUrva pU. maMgala vijayajI ma.sA. evaM tat ziSya pU. prabhAkara vijayajI ma.sA. ne ina sarAkoM ko punarUjjIvita kiyA thA / Aja se lagabhaga 80 varSa pahale nyAyatIrtha pa.pU. maMgala vijayajI ma.sA. evaM pa.pU. prabhAkara vijayajI ma.sA. sammetazikhara jIke darzanArtha padhAre / parvata para caDhate samaya pUjya maMgala vijayajI mahArAjane pU. prabhAkara vijayajI se kahA bhAI jisa bhUmi para sammeta zikhara parvata hai, jahA~ bIsa bIsa tIrthaMkaroMne nirvANa ko prApta kiyA hai, vahA~ Aja eka bhI jaina nahI hai, aise kaise ho

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 190 sakatA hai ! avazya kahIM na kahIM to jainoM kA vAsa honA hI cAhie / usa dina ve dono gurU ziSya nIce utare / para eka, vAkya bAra bAra kAnoM meM "athaDAne" lagA ki yahA~ jaina honA caahie| dUsare dina subaha donoM ne chaH vigaI tyAga kA pakcakkhANa kara saMkalpa kiyA "jaba taka yahA~ ke jainoM kA anusaMdhAna nahIM milatA hai, taba taka hamArA cha vigaI tyAga rahegA / basa usa dina se guru-ziSyakI zodha prAraMbha ho gaI / rukhA - - sUkhA khAnA aura rAste meM jo koI mila jAe, usase itanA pUcha paracha karanA ki isa ilAke meM koI AdamI yA koI samAja ho, jo nirAmiSa Ahara karate hai / 1 thoDe dinoM meM ve donoM gurUmahArAja vihAra karate-karate mahudA pahuMce aura vahAM eka rAjasthAnI bhAI ke ghara para utareM / vaha bhAI jaina nahIM thA, magara jaina-dharmako bhalI bhAMti jAnatA thA / usa bhAI se jaba nirAmiSa bhojiyoM ke bAre meM pUchA gayA to unhoMne batAyA ! mahArAjajI yahA~ se tIna ki.mI. dUra eka gAMva hai, vahA~ sarAka jAti nAmakI eka jAti hai jo kabhI AmiSabhojana nahIM karatI / usI dina rAjasthAnI bhAI ko lekara pU. maMgala vijayajI evaM prabhAkara vijayajI mahudA se " kumAraDI" pahuMce / isa prakAra sahasA gAMvameM mahAtmAjI kA Agamana huA dekhakara, gAMvake loga mahAtmAke darzana karane Ane lage / pU. mahArAjajIke dvArA darzanArthiyoM se jaba nAma, gautra evaM jAti pUchI gayI to, gotroM meM mile Adideva, dharmanAtha, evaM anaMtanAtha bhagavAnake naam| dono mahArAjoM ke andara aba koI zaMkA kA avakAza na rahA, unheM mila gayA usa prAnta ke jainoM kA patA / pazcAt munidvaya kalakattA jAkara, inake itihAsa kI chAna bIna kiyA ki sarAkoM kA pUrva itihAsa mila gayA / ye sarAka mUlataH pArzvasaMtAnIyA zrAvaka hai / evaM Aja bhI jaino ke AcAra inake aMga-aMga meM bhare hue hai 1 6 sarAkoMkI mAtRbhASA " baMgalA " hai / baMgAlameM jahA~ - 36 kaoNma ke loga mAMsAhAra karate hai vahA~ sarAkajAti hI eka mAtra nirAmiSa bhojI hai / jaina dharmakA bIja maMtra "ahiMsA" sarAkoM ke khUna meM hai / ataH ye loga kaTTara nirAmiSa hai / isa viSaya para mahilAe to itanI niSThAvatI hai, sabjI yA phala saMbhArate samaya " kATA" zabda kA uccAraNa kabhI nahIM karatI / yadi

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... kabhI AhAra ke liye kATA (kaTa) zabda kA mantavya kareM to khAdya dravyako pheMka dene kA rivAja hai / prasaMgataH risale sAheba ke Alocya aMga ko uddhRta karate hai"sarAkagaNa" kaTTara nirAmiSa bhojI hai ve kabhI miSabhojana nahI karateM hai| jIva hiMsA se ve sarvadA virata rahate hai / 'kaTa' zabda amaMgala sUcana hai, mAnakara mahilAeM kabhI "kaTa" zabda nahIM kahatI hai| Their name is a variant of sravaka (sankrit hearer) the designation of the Jain laity, they are strict Vegetarians, never eating flesh and on no account taking life and if I preparing the. food any mention, is made of the word, 'Cutting' the omen is deemed so disastrous that everything must be thrown away." (Ristey. H. H. The people of India. P-79) ___ sarAkajAti Aja bhI lAla raMga kI khAdya vastuoMko nahIM lete...jaise bITa, gAjara, ityAdi to kaMdamUla hai, magara lAla simi, lAla tAMdaliyA evaM tarabUja bhI nahI khAte / - pAnI chAne binA nahI pIte hai| - anya jAti ke ghara AhAra nahIM karate hai| - mahilAe Aja bhI hoTaloM meM nahI khAtI hai / - snAna kiye binA bhojana yA rasoI kA kAma nahI karatI hai / inake isa tarahakI AcArasaMhitAke dekhakara pU. maMgala vijayajI evaM prabhAkara vijayajI usI kSetrameM rahe evaM uddhAra kArya meM umaDa paDe the / una muniddhaya kA AbhAra jaina sampradAya evaM sarAka samAjako mAnanA cAhie / una munidvaya kI preraNA se jhariyA meM eka sarAkoMke liye zikSA kendra banA thaa| vaha kahA~ gaI, aura kaise gaI / jaina baMdhuoM ko dhyAna denA caahiye| pU. prabhAkara vijayajI kI preraNA se dharmamaMgala jaina vidyApITha kI racanA sarAko ke liye huI thI jo Aja sammetazikharameM vidyamAna hai /

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... prAmANika itihAsa para yaha zodha lekha dene kA pramukha kAraNa yahI hai ki hama apane prAcIna itihAsa se avagata ho aura hameM garva honA cAhie ki hamane eka aisI saMskRti meM janma liyA jo mAnava itihAsa evaM sabhyatA kI jananI kahI jA sakatI hai / kaise the ve loga ? kaisA thA unakA athAha AtmajJAna ?, hama soca bhI nahIM pAte kyoMki hamArI dRSTi saMkucita hotI jA rahI hai / maiM mere meM hI ulajhakara apane taka hI sImita bana gae haiM / isa maiM- mere ko chor3akara sarvadarzI, dUradarzI bananA hogA, tabhI mAnava jAti kA utthAna saMbhava hogA / I 192 wwwwww

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... // OM hrI~ zrI~ zrI jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha rakSAM kuru kuru svAhA || 12. sarAka jAti kA itihAsa Aja se 2600 varSa pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanI tapasyA aura sAdhanA ke liye jisa kSetra kA varaNa kiyA thA aura jahA~ unake jIvana kI kaI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAeM ghaTI thI usa rAr3ha kSetra meM usa samaya kauna loga nivAsa karate the, kisa jAti ke the, kahA~ se Aye the, unakA kyA dharma thA, kyA jIvanazailI thI ? vartamAna meM Aja unakI kyA avasthA hai aura kina paristhitiyoM aura pariveza meM ve raha rahe haiM, yaha gahanazodha kA viSaya hai jo hameM apane sAragarbhita atIta kI ora jAne kI preraNA detA hai aura una mahatvapUrNa tathyoM se hameM avagata karAtA hai, jo sirpha jaina dharma kI puSTi nahIM karate, Adisrota taka hameM le jAte haiM tathA vartamAna meM apanI prAsaMgikatA ko pratipAdita karate hue jIvana mUlyoM ko eka AdhAra bhI de jAte haiM / 193 baMgAla ke 7vIM zatAbdI se pahale ke itihAsa ke viSaya meM bahuta kama jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai / yahA~ taka ki isa kSetra ke nivAsI bhI anabhijJa hai / lekhaka va itihAsakAra bhI 7vIM zatAbdI ke pahale ke itihAsa meM ruci nahIM rakhate / isI lie gaMbhIra rUpa se koI bhI anusaMdhAna isa viSaya para Ajataka nahIM huA aura jo thor3A bahuta huA bhI hai usako prakAza meM lAne kA yatna nahIM kiyA gayA / isakA eka mUlabhUta kAraNa hai 7vIM zatAbdI se brAhmaNa saMskRti kA pracAra evaM punarutthAna / jisa taraha dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa vIra zaivoM dvArA jaina-dharmAnuyAyioM ke utpIr3ana ko darzAtA hai ThIka usI prakAra baMgAla meM bhI yaha dazA rahI / vIra zaivoM kI senA vAhiniyoM ne gA~va-gA~va meM jAkara prAcIna saMskRti ke nidarzanoM ko naSTa kiyA aura logoM ko jabarana dharma parivartana karane ko vivaza kiyaa| jo dharma parivartana ke liye taiyAra nahIM hue, unheM mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA / abhI taka hama loga yaha samajhate the ki videzI AkramaNakArI jinameM musalamAna aura aMgreja hI hamArI prAcIna saMskRti ko naSTa karane meM tatpara rahe / lekina vAstavikatA kucha aura hI dikhAI par3atI haiM / brAhmaNa paMthoM kI kaTTara ugravAdI pravRtti

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194 jainatva jAgaraNa..... aura prAcIna saMskRti ko naSTa kara sva ko pratiSThita karane kI lolupatA ne unheM hiMsA kA mArga apanAne ko prerita kiyA phalasvarUpa mandira TUTe, jina bimba khaNDita hue yA unakA svarUpa badalA gayA evaM pratisthApita bhI kiyA gayA, jisake jIvanta pramANa Aja bhI baMgAla ke sarAka kSetroM meM dekhe jA sakate haiM, anubhava kiye jA sakate haiN| apane prAcIna sAMskRtika mUlyoM, maryAdAoM aura prAcIna itihAsa ko naSTa karane meM sakSama aura dhArmika vidveSa ko apanI svArthaparatA ke liye banAye rakhane ke liye jo kArya 7vIM zatAbdI se prArambha haA unakI jhalaka vartamAna meM bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| prAcIna saMskRti ke nidarzanoM kI Aja bhI avahelanA kI jA rahI hai| svataMtra bhArata ke purAtatva vibhAga aura baMgAla ke purAtatva vibhAga kI koI ruci nahIM hai ki ina prAcInatama dharoharoM kA saMrakSaNa kare kyoMki isake dvArA saccAI ke usa chora taka pahu~ca jAyeMge jo hameM Adi saMskRti ke dvAra para le jAne meM sakSama hogA / vizva ke sabhI deza apanI sAMskRtika sarakSA ke lie evaM apane prAcIna itihAsa ke saMrakSaNa liye jitane tatpara dikhAyI dete haiM utane hI lAparavAha hamAre deza kI sarakAra, hamArA samAja aura hama ho gaye haiN| yaha hamAre liye bahuta hI zarma kI bAta hai ki sarAka samAja kA jo itihAsa hamAre pAsa hai vaha aMgrejI lekhakoM kI lekhanI se hI hai aura Aja taka isa viSaya meM koI bhI vyApaka rUpa se anusaMdhAna nahIM kiyA gyaa| atIta kA gauravamaya itihAsa, bhaviSya kI unnati kA preraNA srota hotA hai| hama yaha acchI taraha jAnate haiM ki isa jAti ke itihAsa kI Dora chabbIsa sau varSa pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA usase bhI pahale bhagavAna pArzvanAtha se hameM milatI hai aura guptakAla taka tathA usake bAda bhI isa jAti kA vyApaka prabhAva dekhane ko milatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki baMgAla ke AdivAsI aMcala meM sindhu ghATI se jo loga sabhyatA kI mazAla lekara Aye the ve sarAka hI the / inake viSaya meM zrI hari prasAda aura narasiMha prasAda tivArI ne likhA hai ki - "hama Azcarya se pulakita ho uThate haiM jaba dekhate haiM ki hajAroM varSoM ke ghAta-pratighAtoM ko, utthAna-patana ko tathA sAmAjika parivartanoM ko jhelate hue bhI ye sarAka jAti apane astitva kI

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 195 rakSA meM sadA saMgharSazIla rahI hai evaM ye sarAka jAti bhAratavarSa ke vartamAna jainoM ke uttara puruSa bhI hai / bhArata ke aura bhI kisI prAnta meM itanI prAcIna jaina jAti nivAsa karatI bhI hai yA nahIM isake viSaya meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA / " sindhu sabhyatA kA prabhAva : baMgAla ke itihAsa kA eka mahatvapUrNa adhyayana sarAka jAti kA hai jo yahA~ sindhu ghATI sabhyatA ke antima caraNa meM AyI aura jisane yahA~ ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM apanA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA / itihAsakAroM ke anusAra yaha prAmANika taura para spaSTa ho cukA hai ki lagabhaga 4000 varSa pUrva bauMga nAmaka jAti sindhu ghATI se yahA~ Akara basI / har3appA, mohanajodar3o se milI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ aura kucha sIle zramaNa saMskRti kI ora spaSTa iMgita karatI hai / svargIya rAya bahAdura pro. ramAprasAda caMdA ne apane zodhapUrNa lekha meM likhA hai ki- "siMdhu muharoM meM se kucha muharoM para utkIrNa devamUrtiyAM na kevala yoga mudrA meM avasthita haiM varan usa prAcIna yuga meM siMdhu ghATI meM pracalita yoga para prakAza DAlatI haiM / una muharoM meM khar3e hue devatA yoga kI khar3I mudrA bhI prakaTa karate haiM aura yaha bhI ki kAyotsarga mudrA Azcaryajanaka rUpa se jaina dharma se saMbaMdhita hai / yaha mudrA baiThakara dhyAna karane kI na hokara khar3e hokara dhyAna karane kI hai / Adi purANa ke sarga aThAraha meM RSabha athavA vRSabha kI tapasyA ke silasile meM kAyotsarga mudrA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| mathurA ke karjana purAtatva saMgrahAlaya meM eka zilA phalaka para jaina RSabha kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3I huI cAra pratimAeM milatI haiM, jo IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI kI nizcita kI gaI har / mathurA kI yaha mudrA mUrti saMkhyA 12 meM pratibiMbita hai / " ( mArDana rivyu agasta 1932 pR. 156-60) pro. caMdrA ke ina vicAroM kA samarthana pro. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra bhI karate haiM / ve bhI siMdhu ghATI meM milI ina kAyotsarga pratimAoM ko RSabhadeva kI mAnate haiM, unhoMne to sIla kramAMka 449 para 'jinezvara' zabda bhI par3hA

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196 hai / jainatva jAgaraNa..... It may also be noted that incription on the Indus seal No. 449 reads according to my decipherment "Jinesh". (Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. VIII, No. 250) isI bAta kA samarthana karate hue DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI likhate haiM ki- phalaka 12 aura 118 AkRti 7 (mArzala kRta mohana jodar3o) kAyotsarga nAmaka yogAsana meM khar3e hue devatAoM ko sUcita karatI haiM / yaha mudrA jaina yogiyoM kI tapazcaryA meM vizeSa rUpa se milatI hai / jaise mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM sthApita tIrthaMkara RSabha devatA kI mUrti meM / 'RSabha' kA artha hai baila, jo 'AdinAtha' kA lakSaNa hai / muhara saMkhyA F.G.H. phalaka para aMkita deva mUrti meM eka baila hI banA hai / saMbhava hai yaha RSabha kA hI pUrva rUpa ho / ( hindU sabhyatA pR. 39 jaina dharma aura darzana ) I isI bAta kI puSTi karate hue prasiddha vidvAna rASTrakavi rAmadhArI siMha dinakara likhate haiM - mohanajodar3o kI khudAI meM yoga ke pramANa mile haiM aura jaina mArga ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the / jinake sAtha yoga aura vairAgya kI paramparA usI prakAra lipaTI huI haiM jaise kAlAMtara meM vaha ziva ke sAtha samanvita ho gayIM / isa dRSTi se jaina vidvAnoM kA yaha mAnanA ayuktiyukta nahIM dikhatA ki RSabhadeva vedollikhita hone para bhI veda pUrva haiM / (saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya) isI saMdarbha meM prasiddha itihasakAra DaoN. ema. ela. zarmA ne likhA hai - mohanajodar3o se prApta muhara para jo cinha aMkita hai vaha bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA hai / yaha cinha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki Aja se pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva yoga sAdhanA bhArata meM pracalita thI aura usake pravartaka jaina dharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the / siMdhu nivAsI anya devatAoM ke sAtha RSabhadeva kI pUjA karate the / ( bhArata meM saMskRti aura dharma ) muni zrI vidyAnandajI mahArAja ne apane lekha, mohanajodar3o : jaina

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... paramparA aura pramANa, meM likhA hai bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA varNana vedoM meM nAnA sandarbhoM meM milatA hai / kaI mantroM meM unakA nAma AyA hai / mohana jodar3o (sindhughATI) meM pA~ca hajAra varSa pUrva ke jo purAvazeSa mile hai unase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki unake dvArA pravartita dharma hajAroM sAla purAnA hai / miTTI kI jo sIle vahA~ milI hai, unameM RSabhanAtha kI nagna yogamUrti hai, unheM kAyotsarga mudrA meM ukerA gayA hai / 197 zrI hariprasAda tivArI aura zrI narasiMha prasAda tivArI ne apane zodha lekha meM likhA hai ki "Aja ke jAma grAma ke pAsa ajaya nadI ke uttarI taTa para sthita pahAr3apura gA~va se sindhu sabhyatA kAlIna eka mAtRmUrti kA mastaka prApta huA hai, jisase sindhu jAtiyoM ke isa aMcala meM Agamama kA pramANa milatA hai / " yaha mAtRmUrti kA mastiSka lekhakoM ke pAsa Aja bhI surakSita rakhA huA hai / sindhughATI se prApta avazeSoM meM kisI prakAra ke zastra nahIM mile hai jisase patA calatA hai kiye loga zAnti priya aura ahiMsaka the / ye loga kAlAntara meM gaMgA ke kinAre Age bar3hate-bar3hate pUrvAMcala kI sImA taka phaila gaye / inake ur3IsA meM jAne kA pramANa bhI milatA hai / kucha samUha vardhamAna se ur3IsA gaye the udayagiri tIrtha ke darzana ke liye taba vahAM ke rAjA ne unase bheMTa kI aura vahIM basane kA unase Agraha kiyA tathA unalogoM ko rahane kI jagaha pradAna kI / khaNDagiri aura udayagiri kI guphAeM aura mUrtiyA~ inhIM sarAka zilpiyoM dvArA nirmita kI huI hai aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / 1 sarAka aura agni kA sambandha : kaI vidvAnoM ke anusAra baMga zabda ASTrika zabda baMgA se nikalA hai jisakA artha hai sUryadeva / sabhI prAcIna saMskRtiyoM meM RSabhadeva ko sUryadeva ko sUryadeva ke rUpa meM bhI pUjA jAtA thA / " ur3IsA meM jainadharma" kitAba kI bhUmikA meM nIlakaNTha sAhU ne isa para vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai / unhoMne RSabha kA artha sUrya batAte hue ur3IsA se bebIlona taka vyApta RRSabha saMskRti

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jainatva jAgaraNa.... 198 ko vyakta kiyA hai| "jagannAtha jaina zabda hai aura RSabhanAtha ke sAtha isakI samAnatA hai / RSabhanAtha kA artha hai sUryanAtha yA jagata kA jIvana rUpI puSpa / RSabha yAni sUrya hotA hai / yaha prAcIna bebIlona kA AviSkAra hai| pro. saI ne apane Hibbert Lectures (1878) meM spaSTa kahA hai ki isI sUrya ko vAsanta viSuvata meM dekhane se logoM ne samajhA ki hala jotane kA samaya ho gayA hai | ve vRSabha arthAt bailoM se hala jotate the isaliye kahA gayA ki vRSabha kA samaya ho gayA / isa dRSTi se loka bhASA meM sUrya kA nAma RSabha yA vRSabha ho gayA / usase pUrva sUrya jagata kA jIvana hai yaha dhAraNA logoM meM baddhamUla ho gayI thI / " ataH RSabha kI aura sUrya kI upAsanA kA ekya sthApita ho gayA / isa prakAra nIlakaNTha sAhU ne ur3IsA se bebIlona taka vyApta RRSabha - saMskRti ko vyakta kiyA hai / I I isake Age ve likhate hai ki ati prAcIna vaidika maMtra meM bhI kahA hai- "sUrya AtmA jagat stasthuSazrama / (Rgveda 1-115-1) sUrya jagat kA AtmA yA jIvana hai| bebIlona ke nikaTa jo tatkAlIna prAcIna miTTAnI rAjya thA vahA~ se yaha bAta pIche AyI thI / usa samaya miTTAnI rASTra ke rAjA (I. pU. caudahavIM zatAbdI) dazaratha the / unakI bahana aura putrI donoM kA vivAha mistra samrATa ke sAtha huA thA / unhIM ke prabhAva se prabhAvita hokara caturtha AmAna heTay yA AkaneTan ne ATena (AtmAn) nAma se isa sUrya dharma kA pracAra kiyA thA aura yaha 'sUrya yA jagat kA AtmA hI parama puruSa yA purUSottama hai' aisA pracAra kara eka prakAra se dharma meM pAgala hokara samasta sAmrAjya ko bhI zarta para lagAne kA itihAsa meM pramANa hai / bahuta sambhava hai ki kaliMga meM dravir3oM ke bhItara se ye jagannAtha prakaTa hue hoM / mistrIya purUSottama tathA purI ke purUSottama ye donoM isI jaina dharma ke pariNAma hai / " Rgveda meM agni kI stuti ke liye jina-jina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai unake adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ye agnideva bhautika agni na hokara inheM RSabhadeva ke AhvAna ke liye racita kiyA gayA hai| isI sandarbha meM yadi dekhe toM sarAka zabda kA sambandha agni se bhI sambandhita hai sarAka, sarAga, sarAkI, sarApI tathA sarogI Adi zabda sara + Aga yA

Page #201
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 199 sara + AgI se Ae haiM / sara zabda kA artha hotA hai niHsRta honA evaM Agi athavA AgI kA artha hotA hai agni / ataeva sarAga va sarAgI zabdoM kA artha haiM agni se nisRta athavA jo agni se kucha nisRta karAte haiN| ___ nava pASANa yuga ke antima samaya taka manuSya yahI jAnatA thA ki agni saba kucha dhvaMsa kara detI hai| para acAnaka hI Azcarya ke sAtha unhoMne dekhA ki RSabha putragaNoM ne agni se dhvaMsa hue malave se kucha mahAmUlyavAna padArtha nisRta kiye / isIlie, zAyada inheM sarAga kahA gayA ho / sarAgI athavA agniputra ke rUpa meM yaha jAti zreSTha sammAna se vibhUSita huI / (pUrvAMcala meM sarAka saMskRti aura jaina dharma - titthayara) gotra paricaya : . . adhikatara bhASAvid tibbatI zabda bAna se baMga kI utpatti mAnate haiN| tibbata se nAga jAti kA yahA~ Ane kA ullekha milatA hai / gaMgA kI eka dhArA kA nAma bhAgIratha honA isakI puSTi karatA hai / baMgAla meM tIrthaMkara nAma bhI kAphI pracalita hai| jaina sAhitya ke anusAra RSabhadeva ne apanI dIkSA ke pUrva apane sau putroM ko vibhinna kSetroM kA kArya saMcAlana kA bhAra aMga, baMga, kaliMga ke kSetra Aja bhI unhIM ke putroM ke nAma kI smRti ko jIvanta rakhe hue hai| isa bAta ke pramANa svarUpa baMgAla meM hameM eka aisI prAcIna jAti milatI hai jo Aja sarAka nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| jisake itihAsa ke viSaya meM bahuta kama kAma huA hai| yaha mAnyatA hai ki kisI bhI jAti ke kula aura gotra ke nAma unake pUrvajoM ke nAma para paramparA se cale Ate haiM / ina sarAka jAti ke logoM ke gotra tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma para hai dharmadeva, anantadeva, Adideva tathA RSabhadeva Adi / jinameM RSabhadeva pramukha hai / ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki sarAkoM ke pUrvaja RSabhadeva yA unake nikaTa ke koI vyakti the / jinase unakA rakta saMbaMdha thA / kisI bhI anuSThAna meM ye sarAka jAti apane Adi puruSa kA nAma gotra pitA ke rUpa meM smaraNa karate haiM / yaha eka jIvanta pramANa hai jo likhita itihAsa se bhI jyAdA mahatvapUrNa hai|

Page #202
200 jainatva jAgaraNa.... jagatanAtha dAsa kI bhAgavata kathA meM RSabhanAtha kA varNana hai| RSabhadeva ne apane sau putroM ko jo upadeza diyA thA usakA bhAgavata meM ullekha zrAvaka saMskRti kA prabhAva parilakSita karatA hai / yadyapi hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pazcAta teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA avirbhAva huA / sabake saMgha bane aura jinameM unakA anuzAsana calatA thA / kintu sarAka jAti bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA pracalita anuzAsana ko Aja bhI pAlana kara rahI hai / RSabhadeva ne mAnava jAti ko kRSi, zilpa Adi aneka viSayoM kA jJAna diyA / agni kA prayoga karanA sikhAyA / lipi kA sRjana kiyA / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAe to mAnava saMskRti ke vikAsa ke agra purodhA RSabhadeva hI the / jina logoM ko unhoMne zilpa karma kA jJAna diyA thA vahIM zrAvaka loga paravartI kAla meM sarAka jAti ke nAma se paricita hue aisA mAnA jAtA hai / zrAvaka se sarAka : zrAvaka zabda kA apabhraMza rUpa hai sarAka / bhArata ke pUrvAMcala kI sAdhAraNa janatA meM 'va' kA uccAraNa nahIM hotA hai ataH zrAvaka kI jagaha para 'va' kA uccAraNa nahIM karane para zrAka ho gayA jo dhIre-dhIre sarAka bana gayA hai / zrAvaka kA saMskRta artha hai zramaNakArI / pAzcAtya paNDitoM ne hI sarvaprathama isa artha ko pracalita kiyA / "The word Sarak is doultless derived from Sravaka, The Sanskrit word 'heare.' Amongest the Jain, the term is used to indicate they laymen or persons Who engaged in secular persuits, as distinguished from the Yatis, monks or ascetice." geTe ne apanI Census Report meM likhA hai- "yaha sarAka zabda nissandeha zrAvaka zabda se udbhuta huA hai jisakA saMskRta artha hai shrvnnkaarii| jainoM ke madhya una gRhasthoM ke lie prayukta huA hai jo ki laukika vyavasAya karate haiM evaM yati aura sAdhuoM se bhinna haiM / " Mr. L.S.S.O. Maly I.C.S. ke anusAra "The name

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 201 Sarawak, Serak or Sarak is clearly a Corruption of Srawaka the Sanskrit word for a hearer. Which was used by the Jains for lay brether." (From Bengal District gezetter Vol XX Singbhoom Calcutta 1910 pg. 25). RSabhadeva ke upadezoM ko mana, vacana, kAyA ke dvArA anupAlana karate haiM vo hI zrAvaka saMgha ke sadasya yA zrAvaka kahalAte the / dUsare zabda meM kahe to samyag darzana, samyag jJAna aura samyag cAritra kA pAlana karane vAle hI zrAvaka kahalAte haiM aura yahIM zrAvaka pUrvAMcala meM sarAka ke rUpa meM apanI pahacAna banAe hue hai / eka jaina sammelana meM kisI vaktA ne inake viSaya meM kahA thA ki "yadi vartamAna jaina saMgha jinezvara kI nUtana pratimA hai to sarAka usakI prAcIna pratimA kA avazeSa hai / yadi jaina rUpa parvata kI khudAI kareMge to sarAka usa khudAI kI upalabdhi hoNge|" Adi saMskRti ke praNetA bhagavAna RSabhadeva the| jinakI mAnyatA vaidika granthoM meM bhI hai tathA ve sAre mAnava samAja ke Adi puruSa mAne gaye haiM / unako sarAka jAti apane gotra pitA ke rUpa meM vahana karatI A rahI hai| ataH yadi hameM apane prAcIna saMskRti ke itihAsa ko jAnanA hai to sarAka jAti ke itihAsa kA paricaya pAnA hogA jo hameM AdinAtha RSabhadeva taka pahuMcAtA hai / sarAkoM se paricaya : san 1864-65 meM le. karnala DAlTana ne mAnabhUma jilA paribhramaNa kI TUra DAyarI likhate samaya eka aisI jAti kA ullekha kiyA jisane unheM vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA thA / unake sambandha meM ve likhate haiM1863 meM jaba ki maiM puruliyA se 12 mIla dUra jhAparA nAmaka sthAna para gayA to vahA~ ke kucha adhivAsI mujhase milane Ae / mujhe unakI mukhAkRti buddhidIpta aura bar3I hI zAlIna lagI / unhoMne svayaM ko sarAka batAte hue garva se kahA ki kisI ghRNita kArya ke lie unameM se koI bhI korTa meM abhiyukta banakara nahIM gayA hai / vAstava meM kisI ko AghAta pahu~cAne yA kisI bhI hatyA ke prati unake mana meM atyanta ghRNA thI / ve pArzvanAtha ke upAsaka the aura sUryodaya ke pUrva kucha nahIM khAte the / Age ve phira likhate

Page #204
202 jainatva jAgaraNa..... haiM- yadyapi choTA nAgapura ke sthAna-sthAna para unakI bastiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM phira bhI unake pUrvaja vahA~ ke adhivAsI nahIM the / unakA Adi nivAsa sthAna thA pA~ceta / una logoM kA dehavarNa, gaThana aura keza vinyAsa muNDA aura kola jAti ke logoM se bhinna thA / ve bar3e hI udyogI the / jIvikopArjana ke lie unhoMne kRSi aura vANijya donoM ko hI grahaNa kiyA thA / inake sthApatya sambandha kAryoM ke viSaya meM likhate samaya DAlTana ne likhA-mAnabhUma jile meM maiMne do vibhinna prakAra ke sthApatyoM ke dhvaMsAvazeSa dekhe / unameM jo prAcIna haiM unake viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai- aura isa viSaya meM koI sandeha bhI nahIM haiM ki ve una prathama Arya aupaniveziyoM dvArA nirmita the jinheM ki serApa, serAva, serAka yA zrAvaka kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ taka ki bhUmija jinhoMne ki bahuta pahale se hI una aMcaloM meM bastiyA~ sthApita kI thI, ve bhI kahate haiM ki unake pUrvajoM ne (jo ki isa prakAra ke sthApatya nirmANa ke kauzala se anabhijJa the) yahA~ bastI sthApita karane ke lie jaMgala sApha karate samaya isa prAcIna sthApatya ko dekhA thA / sAtha hI yaha bhI pravAda hai ki siMhabhUma ke pUrvAMcala meM bhI sarAkoM ne hI prathama upaniveza sthApita kiyA thA / lagatA hai sarAkoM ne apanI bastiyA nadiyoM ke kinAre-kinAre sthApita kI thI / zAyada isIlie unake mandiroM ke dhvaMsAvazeSa dAmodara, kaMsAI evaM anya nadiyoM ke kinAre hI pAe jAte haiN| kaMsAI nadI kI taTabhUmi pUrAkIti kA eka samRddha kSetra hai / "In the district of Manbhoom, we find two distinct-types of architectural remains. Those that appear most ancient and are said by the people to be so are ascribed, traditionally and no doubt correctly to a race called variously Serap, Serab, Serak, Srawaka, who were probably the earliest Aryan colonists in this part of India; as even the Bhumij, who of the existing population claim to be the oldest settlers and whose ancestors had not the skill to construct such monuments declare that the first settlers of their race found these ruins in the forests that they cleared. We have the same tradition of early settlements for the

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203 jainatva jAgaraNa...... Srawaks in the eastern parts of Singhbhoom. Which were broken up by the warlike Hos or Lurks Coles. The Srawaks appear to have colonized along the banks of rivers and we find their temple ruins on the banks of the Damodar, the Cossai and other streams. The Cossai is rich in architectural remains. Age unhoMne likhA hai maiMne vahA~ kI mUrtiyA~ dekhI haiM evaM isa viSaya meM maiM nissandeha bhI hU~ ki ye saba pazu laJchana saha jaina tIrthakaroM kI hI mUrtiyA~ haiM / maiMne jitane bhI mandiroM kA vivaraNa diyA hai ve saba sambhavata vIra yA mahAvIra jisa patha se gujare the usI patha ke kinAre unake padacinhoM ko anusaraNa kara una logoM dvArA nirmita haiM jinheM ki unhoMne apanA anuyAyI batAyA thA / ye sabhI mandira samaya yA sammeta zikhara kI paridhi meM hI hai / isa sammeta zikhara ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki vIra nirvANa ke 230 varSa pUrva jina pArzva yA pArzvanAtha ne sAMsArika bandhanoM ko kSaya kara isI sthAna para nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / ataH lagatA hai jaMgaloM ke madhya, nadiyoM ke kinAre-kinAre mahAvIra ke AvirbhAva ke bhI bahuta pahale jinhoMne yahA~ bastiyA~ sthApita kI thIM, jinake madhya mahAvIra ne dharma kA pracAra kiyA thA ve jaina dharma ke tatvoM se aparicita nahIM the / bhUmija, ho yA lurakA koloM ke madhya pracalita pravAdAnusAra bhI sarAkoM ne hI isa aMcala ko sarvaprathama apane adhikAra meM liyA thA / pAzcAtya jagata ke vidvAnoM jinameM karnala DAlTana, vailenaTAina vaoNla, misTarajI, kUpalaiNDa, misTara harabarTa risale Adi pramukha hai unhoMne sarAka jAti ke viSaya meM jo paricaya diyA hai vartamAna kAla meM sarAkoM se hamArA yahI paricaya hai / yaha gambhIra cintana kA viSaya hai ki jisa jAti kA caritra itanA unnata hai, jinakI eka viziSTa saMskRti hai unake viSaya meM Aja taka hama ajJAna kyoM bane hue hai ? bahuta kama loga hI jAnate haiM ki prAcIna sabhyatA ke dhAraka aura vAhaka sarAka jAti thI aura itanA hI nahIM brAhmaNa dharma ke bhayaMkara utpIr3ana se svayaM ko bacAne ke liye inako apanA dharma parivartana karanA par3A / hIna AjIvikA meM niyukta honA par3A / itanA hone para bhI ina logoM ne apanA nijI vaiziSTya pUrNatayA naSTa nahIM kiyA /

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204 jainatva jAgaraNa....... bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicaraNa kSetra : pAzcAtya vidvAnoM aura jaina granthoM se hameM patA calatA hai ki choTA nAgapura ke pArzvanAtha parvatake samIpa ke kSetra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrva hI sarAka logoM ne yahA~ apanA nivAsa sthApita kiyA thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA ke chaH varSa isI kSetra meM bitAye the / bhagavatI 1 sUtra se patA calatA hai ki usa samaya pArzvanAtha sampradAya ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA bhI yaha vicaraNa kSetra thA / ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIra se pUrva bhI yahA~ pArzva paramparA yA zramaNa paramparA pracalita thI / "The 24th Tirthankara whom Professor Wilson represents as having "adopted an ascetic life and traversed the country occupied by the Bajra Bhumi and the Sudhi Bhumi who abused and beat him and shot at him with arrows and barked at him with dogs. of which small annoyances he took no notice." The Bajra or terrible Bhumi are, according to Colonel Dalten, the Bhumij. He suggests, therefore, that it is not improbable that the shrines referred to mark the course taken in his travels by the great saint "Vira;" and were erected in his honour by the people whom his teaching had converted, or, it may be and this is more consistent with local tradition on which however, no great weight can be placed-that he merely visited places at which Jains were already established. within sight of the sacred mount Samaya where 250 years earlier the Jin Paswa or Parasnath had obtained Nirvana. (Mr. G Coupland-Gazetter of Manbhum District.) " jaina sUtra granthoM (AcArAMga sUtra, bhagavatI sUtra ityAdi) meM aisA bhI pramANa milatA hai ki mahAvIra se pahale bhI kucha jaina muni yA sanyAsIgaNa dharmapracAra ke uddezya ko lekara yA phira kisI aura kAraNa se ina aMcaloM meM Aye the / aisA lagatA hai ki ye sabhI muni aura sanyAsIgaNa mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke anugAmI rahe hoMge / agara yaha anumAna

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 205 satya ho, to phira yaha svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne varddhamAna mahAvIra se pahale hI pazcima baMgAla aura bihAra meM dharmapracAra kiyA thA / " (baMgAla sImAMta para basA sarAka sampradAya) zrI amarendrakumAra sarAka likhate haiM- "jaina zAstroM ke anusAra prabhu pArzvanAtha kA janma IsA pUrva 877 ko kAzI meM huA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma rAjA azvasena, mAtA kA nAma vAmAdevI evaM patnI kA nAma prabhAvatI thA / mahArAja azvasena nAgavaMzI nRpati the| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne sattara varSa taka dharma pracAra kiyA aura sau varSa kI avasthA meM unako zrI sammeda zikharajI meM mokSa prApta huA / prabhu pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ke pazcAt unake sAtha Aye hue sarAkoM ke pUrvaja zrAvaka loga pArzvanAtha parvata saMlagna kSetra meM hI basa gaye / Aja se 150-200 sAla pahale taka bhI sarAka jAti ke loga savere bistara chor3ane ke bAda pahale bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA smaraNa karate the evaM sammeda zikhara kI tarapha mur3akara nata mastaka hote the / vartamAna hindu samAja meM jaise eka kahAvata hai ki - sabhI tIrthoM kI yAtrA bAra-bAra karane se jo phala milatA hai, gaMgAsAgara para eka bAra yAtrA karane se hI vaha phala milatA hai| usI prakAra Aja se 60 varSa pUrva maiMne bhI eka 155 varSa umra ke mere hI gAMva ke eka vRddha vyakti se sunA thA ki hamArA sabase bar3A tIrtha ke yAtrA kI jarUrata nahIM hotI / unhoMne yaha bhI sunAyA thA ki vaha javAnI meM bhI paidala yAtrA kara ghI car3hAkara Aye the arthAt dIpa jalAne ke liye ghara kA ghI lekara jAte the| usI kA anukaraNa kara vartamAna meM ghI kI bolI hotI hai AratI ke liye / " bauddha sAhitya meM aMga, baMga, kaliMga meM gautama buddha dharma pracAra ke liye Aye the aisA koI ullekha nahIM hai / jaba ki bhagavAna mahAvIra isa kSetra meM eka bAra nahIM kaI bAra Aye the aisA varNana jaina sAhitya meM milatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM jina 16 janapadoM kA varNana hai unameM aMga, baMga tathA kaliMga sarvopari haiM / prajJApanA nAmaka paMcama upAMga meM bhArata varSa ke Arya adhivAsiyoM ko nau bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai jinameM kSatriyoM kA ullekha karate hue prathama aMga, dvitIya baMga, tRtIya kaliMga tathA caturtha rAr3ha kSetra kA ullekha

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jainatva jAgaraNa... 206 1 kiyA gayA hai / brAhmaNa vaidika sAhitya meM ina kSetroM ko anArya ghoSita kiyA gayA hai kyoMki yahA~ ke nivAsI jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / bauddha sAhitya meM bhI ina kSetroM kI upekSA kI gayI hai| jaba ki jaina sAhitya meM ina kSetroM ko Arya kSetra mAnA gayA hai / vAstava meM dekhA jAe to ina kSetroM ke AryAkaraNa meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva se bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM unake ziSyoM-praziSyoM kA bahuta bar3A hAtha rahA / bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra vajja bhUmi ke kSetra paNiya bhUmi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne cha: varSAvAsa vyatIta kiye the / vIrabhUma, varddhamAna ne chaH varSAvAsa vyatIta kiye the / vIrabhUma, varddhamAna Adi kSetra Aja bhI unake nAma kI smRti ko akSuNNa banAye rakhe haiM / AcArAMga sUtra ke anusAra mahAvIra ne rAr3ha kSetra kI Usara bhUmi meM aneka vipattiyoM kA sAmanA kiyA thA / AcArAMga sUtra ke naveM adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM likhA hai aha duccaraM lADhamacArI vajjabhUmiyaM submabhUmiyaM paMtaM sijjaM seviMsu, AsaNagaNi ceva paMtANi // 2 // arthAt-jahA~ vicaranA bahuta hI kaThina hai aise lAr3ha deza kI vajra bhUmi aura zubhra bhUmi ina donoM pradezoM meM bhagavAna vicare the / vahA~ aneka upadravoM se yukta sUne ghara Adi meM bhagavAna ne vizrAma kiyA thA / lADhehiM tassuvasaggA bahave jANavayA lusiMsu, aha lUha daisie bhatte, kukkurA tatthahiMsiMsuNi-vasu // 3 lAr3ha deza meM vicarate samaya bhagavAna ko bahuta upasarga hue the / vahA~ ke nivAsI loga bhagavAna ko mArate the, kutte unheM kATate the aura una para TUTa par3ate the / NAgo saMgAma sIse va pArae tattha se mahAvIre / evaM vi tattha lADhehiM aladdhapuvvo vi egayA gAmo // 8 jaise hAthI saMgrAma ke agrabhAga meM jAkara zatruoM ke prahAra kI paravAha na karatA huA zatru senA ko jItakara usako pAra kara jAtA hai isI taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne bhI lAr3ha deza ke parigrahoM ko jItakara usa dezako

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 207 pAra kiyA thA / kabhI Thaharane ke lie grAma bhI nahIM milatA thA taba ve jaMgala meM vRkSAdike nIce Thahara jAte the / baMga deza ke vIrabhUma, vardhamAna, bAkur3A, puruliyA Adi kSetra jahA~ sarAkajAti ke logoM kA nivAsa haiM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicaraNa patha ke gavAha hai| inhIM logoM ke bIca viSama paristhitiyoM meM rahakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanI tapasyA aura sAdhanA dvArA yahA~ ke loka mAnasa ko parivartita kiyaa| ___ "rAr3ha aMcala meM unake sAtha jo huA usane yaha siddha kara dikhAyA ki mahAvIra manuSya the, Izvara nahIM the, aura yaha ki manuSya meM se hI Izvara prakaTa hotA hai, vaha alaga kisI dhAtu kI racanA nahIM hai| unhoMne sAre khatare jhelakara yaha sAbita kiyA ki manuSya tana meM hI paramAtmatva kI sArI saMbhAvanAeM sannihita haiM bazarte vaha bheda-vijJAna ke prakhara aujAra se jIva-ajIva ko pRthak kara ske| rAr3ha ke upasarga unheM bheda-vijJAna kI ora le gaye / unakA jIvana-darzana banAM adhyAtma meM bheda-vijJAna, samAja meM abheda-vijJAna, AcAra meM ahiMsA, vicAra meM anekAnta banAM / jisa mAnavatAvAda ke ve jIvaMta pratIka bane usane sampUrNa pUrvI bhArata ko jhakajhora diyA, karuNA/sahiSNatA kI yaha havA kevala magadha-baMga para hI ThaharI nahIM rahI, Age bar3hI aura usane sAre deza ko apanI ahiMsaka/prItipUrNa bhujAoM meM sameTa liyA / vastu-svAtantraya kA akATya pratipAdana, jo unake apane jIvana meM se prakaTa huA, itanA tejasvI thA ki loga usase prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sake / idhara yajJoM meM paramparita/rUr3ha jo kucha ho rahA thA, usane tatkAlIna manuSya kI saMvedanazIlatA ko nakha-zikha taka jhulasA diyA thA, mahAvIra ne usa Ahata ko apanI ahiMsA kI mRdu aMguliyoM se sahalAyA, samartha banAyA aura eka bAra punaH mumurSa mAnavatA ko punarUjjIvita kiyA, isalie hama kaheMge ki pUrvI bhArata na kevala bhautika/pArthiva sUrya kI udaya dharA hai, varan vaicArika krAnti kI prasaviNI dharitrI bhI hai / " itihAsakAra nIhAra raMjana rAya kahate haiM - "jaina purANa ke aitihAsikatva ko svIkAra karane para kahanA hogA mAnabhUma, siMhabhUma, vIrabhUma aura varddhamAna ina cAroM sthAnoM ke nAma jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra yA varddhamAna ke sAtha jur3e

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208 jainatva jAgaraNa.... hue haiM aura Aja bhI ye sarAka bahulakSetra hai|" "pUrva bhArata sthita sarAka gA~va va dharoM meM dIpAvalI va bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa kalyANaka mahotsava ko ati dhUmadhAma ke sAtha mnaayaa| saca kahA jAe to anabhijJa sarAka Aja bhI nahIM jAnate haiM ki ye Aga prajjvalita kara isa taraha kA dhUmadhAma kyoM manAyA karate hai / " jainAgama ke ullekhAnusAra kalpasUtra ke antargata bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra kA nirvANa mahotsava kA vizeSa ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / isa ullekha meM dIpAvalI kI rAtri se pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra pAvApurI nagarI meM do dina dharma dezanA dekara mokSapada prApta karate haiM / usa samaya vahA~ upasthita deva-devI nara-nArI milakara zoka sahita bhagavAna kA nirvANa mahotsava manAte haiN| Aja jahA~ jala maMdira sthita hai, vahA~ para prabhu kI pArthiva zarIra ko agnidAha dekara vahA upasthita bhaktajana mAMgalika rUpa meM prabhu mahAvIra kI citA kI rAkha apane sAtha le jAte haiM / usakA anusaraNa karate hue sAdhAraNa janatA bhI vahA~ se avazeSa rAkha miTTI Adi lekara apane ghara jAte haiM aura mAMgalika rUpa meM prayoga karate haiM / isI kriyA kA akSarazaH anusaraNa Aja 2600 sAla bItane ke bAda bhI sarAka loga karate haiM / jaise dIpAvalI kI rAtri ghara ke sabhI puruSa sadasya pATa lakar3I kI mazAla banAkara ghara ke mukhya sthala meM jalAye hue dIpaka meM use jalAkara gA~va ke bAhara eka nirdiSTa sthAna meM pahu~cAte haM tathA vahA~ sajAye hue lakar3I kI citA jalAte haiM / pradakSiNA dete haiM / anta meM adhajale hae avazeSa ko apane sAtha ghara lAkara mukhya daravAje, anAja koThI Adi-Adi sthAnoM para zubha pratIka ke rUpa meM rakhate haiM / yaha kriyA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa mahotsava hI hai kyoMki isakA mukhya pramANa mazAla julUsa meM vizeSa nAre ke rUpa meM 'iMjaui piMjoi' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAnA hai| * cInI yAtrI ne apane yAtrA vivaraNa meM bauddhadharma ke sivAya abauddhoM ke mandiro ko devamandiroM ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA hai| ina devamaMdiroM meM jaina mandiroM tathA paurANika saMpradAyoM ke mandiro kA samAveza hotA hai / (anuvAdaka)

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... dhAtu zilpa : yaha sarAka jAti dhAtu vidyA meM atyanta hI unnata aura pAradarzI thI / inhoMne hI tAmra zilpa ko unnata kiyA / siMha bhUma aMcala kI tAmra khadAneM isakI puSTi karatI hai / yUropiyana vidvAna Mr. Velentine Bal ne apanI pustaka meM likhA hai- "choTA nAgapura ke mAlabhUmi kI talahaTI se tAmbe kI khAna yukta pahAr3iyoM kA paryavekSaNa karate-karate maiM jitanA hI pUrva kI ora agrasara hotA gayA utanA hI dekhatA gayA ki jahA~ bhI khAneM thI una saba se hI tAmbA niSkAsana kA kArya ho cukA thA / pahAr3oM ke Upara, adhipatyakAoM meM, araNya meM, yahA~ taka ki jo dhUla dhakkar3a evaM gardiza ke nIce daba cukI thIM inase bhI tAmbA nikAlA jA cukA thA / yaha dekhakara mere mana meM kautuhala evaM prazna jAgRta huA ki ve loga kauna the jinhoMne isa khAnoM se itanI nipuNatApUrvaka tAmbA nikAlA thA ? isa sambandha meM jinakA nAma liyA gayA ve the sarAka / " mejara Tikela bhI inake viSaya meM likhate haiM ki "eka samaya siMhabhUma sarAkoM yA zrAvakoM ke adhikAra meM thA / " jabaki Aja vaha unake hAthoM se nikala cukA hai / usa samaya meM ve vahA~ bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM rahate the aura samRddhizAlI bhI the / 4 209 Mr. Bal ke anusAra "During the past season I have been engaged in an examination of a portion of country in which the copper-ores occur, Commencing to examine the copper bearing rocks at the foot of the Chhota Nagpar plateau and proceeding thence eastwards. I found that at nearly every point where traces of ore occured there were ancient found in every conceivable situation, at the top of hills, in valleys, in the thickest Jungles, and even in the middle of cultivation where the rocks are obscured by superficial deposits. My curiousity was aroused as to who the ancient miners could have been, who have left such imperishable evidence of their skill. (Mr. V.Ball - On the Ancient Copper mines of India)

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210 jainatva jAgaraNa..... Age unhoMne likhA hai- "The more adventurous Sauats Jains having alone penetrated the jungles where they were rewarded with the discovery of copper upon the working of which they must have spent all their times and energy, as with the exception of the tanks above mentoned, the mines furnish the sole evidence of their occupation of that part of the countuy." ina sarAkoM ne dhane jaMgaloM se dhare aMcaloM meM tAmra khadAnoM kI khoja kI / ina khadAnoM se tAmra niSkAsana kara jIvikA kA nirvAha karate huA Arthika vRSTi se kAphI sampanna ho gaye taba vahA ke AdivAsI jAtiyoM jinameM 'ho', 'bhUmija' AdiyoM ne sarAkoM para atyAcAra zurU kara diyA / phalasvarUpa isa aMcala ko chor3akara mAnabhUma meM jAkara basanA par3A / una. aMcaloM meM Aja bhI bar3e bar3e jalAzaya hai / jinake bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki inakA nirmANa sarAka logoM ne kiyA thA / 'ho' jAti ke loga ina tAlAboM ko sarAkI tAlAba ke nAma se pukArate haiN| karnala DaoNlTana ke anusAra yaha ghaTanA krama 2000 varSa pahale huI thii| mAnabhUma aMcala meM bhI inhoMne tAmra khadAnoM kI khoja kara vahIM apanI bastI kAyama kI / ye tAmra khadAneM inake adhipatya meM bhI thI tathA ye loga unameM kAma bhI karate the| "choTAnAgapura aMcala meM kaI choTe-choTe pahAr3a haiM / ina pahAr3oM kI coTiyoM para kaI gahare gaDDhe haiM, jinake nikaTa abhI bhI jahA~-tahA~ utsarjita dhAtu mala yA slepa bikhare hue mila jAte haiM / ise dekhakara lagatA hai yaha tAmra utsarjita dhAtu mala haiN| ina dinoM ke puruliyA (pUrvI avibhAjitamAnabhUma) jilA ke tAmakhuna nAmaka sthAna ke pahAr3oM aura TIloM kI coTiyoM tathA DhalAnoM para kaI aise gahare gaDDhe hai jahA~ tAmra dhAtu maloM ke Dhera lage hue haiM / aisA lagatA hai ina gaDDhoM ke nirmAtA sarAka hI the kyoMki sarAkoM ke bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki ve ina tAmra khadAnoM meM majadUrI kiyA karate * campApurI meM zrI vAsupUjya bhagavAn jainoM ke bArahaveM tIrthaMkara kA ati prAcIna jaina mandira hai / (anuvAdaka)

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 211 the| taba choTAnAgapura, siMhabhUma, dhalabhUma, rA~cI aura mAnabhUma ke tAmrakhadAnoM ke pAsa hI mukhyataH sarAkoM kA upaniveza huA karatA thA evaM aise khadAnoM ke nikaTa Aja bhI unakA upaniveza dekhA jAtA hai / yadyapi abhI sarAkoM kI saMkhyA kAphI nagaNya haiN| kaI zatAbdiyoM se tAmra khadAnoM meM niSkAsana nahIM hotA / yahI kAraNa hai ki abhI sarAkoM ko apanA jIvana nirvAha kRSi, vyApAra tathA sUda-byAja ke kArobAra dvArA karanA par3atA hai| aisA bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki isa kSetra meM ganne kI khetI kI zuruAta sarvaprathama inhoMne hI kI thii| lauha zilpa : zrI hariprasAda tivArI va nRsiMha prasAda tivArI likhate haiM- "kevala tAmrayuga ke pravartaka hI nahIM balki pUrvAMcala meM lauha yuga ke sRSTA bhI yaha sarAka jAti hI thii| rAr3ha aMcala meM vaijJAnika tarIke se inhoMne pracura parimANa meM lauha niSkAsana aura viniyoga bhI kiyA / jAma grAma ko kendra banAkara ajaya nadI ke donoM kulavartI kSetroM meM rUpanArAyaNapura se pANDezvara taka lambe tIsa mIla ke aMcala meM parvatAkAra utsarjita lauha cUrNa (lAkha-lAkha Tana) tathA bhagnAvasthA meM par3e hue lauha-ayaska galAne kI bhaTThiyA~ Aja bhI inake lauha zilpa kI dakSatA kA pramANa detI haiM / " sarAka jAti isa deza ke lauha zilpa kI kartA-dhartA thI, isa bAta kA pramANa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paravartI jaina sAhitya meM hai jahA~ tIna lauhAcAryoM ke sAkSAtkAra milate haiM / "prathama lauhAcArya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya sudharmA the, jo kollAka ke nikaTa ke nivAsI the, zAyada ve lauha-zilpiyoM ke paMDita the, yA phira lauha-zilpiyoM ke AcArya / " / dUsare lauhAcArya kalpasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu the / unakA gautra bahuta purAnA jaina muni nigraMtha ke nAma se prasiddha the / jisa kA artha "gAMTha binA" arthAt rAga-dveSa kI gAMTha ke binA kA hotA hai (Uttradhyayna Adhyayna XII 16, XVI 2. Acaranga, PtII, Adhyayna III, 2 and Kalpa-Sutra Sut 130 etc) (anuvAdaka)

Page #214
212 jainatva jAgaraNa..... thaa| RSabhadeva ke gotra se prAcIna aura kauna sA gotra ho sakatA hai| kevala RSabhadeva gotra ko hI ghumA phirA kara prAcIna gotra kahA gayA hai / ataH bhadrabAhu bhI isI aMcala ke nivAsI the, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai / bhadrabAhu ke janmasthAna ko lekara kaI mata haiM / kaiyoM ne unheM puNDravarddhana kA batAyA hai| phira bhI puNDravarddhana ko lekara itihAsakAroM meM kAphI matabheda hai| kahIMkahIM unheM koTi varSa kA bhI kahA gayA hai / itihAsakAra DaoN. ramezacandra majumadAra (History of Bengal, Vol. pp - 409-10) evaM devI prasAda ghoSa (Traces of Jainism in Bengal, Jain Journal, Vol-XVIII No. 4, April 1984) ne bhadrabAhu ko rAr3ha kA nivAsI batAyA hai| RSabhadeva yA Adideva gotra yahA~ ke sarAkoM meM milatA hai / tIsare lauhAcArya kumAna sena the| ve mUla saMgha se bahiSkRta kie gae the evaM bahiSkRta hokara unhoMne kASTa saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| jisa gA~va ke nAma para unhoMne kASTa saMgha kI pratiSThA kI thI, vaha gA~va kAstAjAma uttara meM ajaya nadI ke kinAre Aja bhI maujUda hai / ataH hama niHsaMkoca yaha kaha sakate haiM ki lauhAcArya kumAna sena isI sarAka bahula aMcala ke nivAsI the / __ bhadrabAhu apane samaya ke sabase adhika prabhAvazAlI dharma pracAraka the| kahA jAtA hai ve maurya samrATa candragupta ke guru the / candragupta ne unhIM kI preraNA evaM prabhAva se jaina dharma grahaNa kiyA thA / bhadrabAha racita kalpasUtra meM godAsa gaNa kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| vahA~ godAsagaNa kI kaI zAkhAoM meM cAra zAkhAoM ko baMgAla se sambandhita batAyA gayA hai| yathA : tAmraliptiyAM-tamaluka zahara ke, koTivarSiyA-dinAjapura ke nikaTastha vAnagar3ha ke, puNDravarddhaniyA-vagur3A ke nikaTastha mahAsthAna gar3ha ke aura dAsI kharvaTiyA-medinIpura ke samIpa karvaTa ke / ye sabhI sthAna jaina dharma ke prabhAva kSetra the / jainAcAryoM kA lauhAcArya honA ye spaSTa karatA hai ki ye loga lauha zilpa ke paMDita the jinhoMne sarAka jAti ko lauha zilpa meM dakSa kiyaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM ke bAda prajA ko zilpa kalA meM

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 213 dakSa karane kA kArya jainAcAryoM ke viziSTa jJAna aura pAMDitya ko hai / sarAka jAti zilpakAra thI / inako zilpa meM pravINatA dene kA kArya jaina AcAryoM kA thA / nAlandA vizva vidyAlaya ke kArya kalApoM ko dekhane se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki vahA~ dhAtu prayoga kI kalA kA adhyayana jainAcAryoM kI dekharekha meM hotA thA kyoMki jainAcArya tatvajJAnI hote the / vastu tatva ko jAnate the / pratyeka vastu ke guNa aura dharma ke viSaya meM ucca koTi kA jJAnavAna hI vastu ke sahI upayoga kA vidhikAraka bana sakatA hai / jaise lohe ke tatva yA guNa dharma ko jAnane vAlA hI usake vibhinna upayoga kI vidhi ko prayoga kara nikAla sakatA hai| isI ko hama takanIka kahate haiM jise aMgrejoM ne Technology kahA hai / azoka kA lauha stambha jise dekhakara Aja bhI loga Azcarya cakita ho jAte haiM inakI lauha takanIka kI dakSatA kA pratyakSa pratIka hai / yUnAnI itihAsakAroM ne jinameM megasthanIja pramukha hai bihAra aura baMgAla ke zaktizAlI sAmrAjyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / The Greek historians suggest that Alexander retreated fearing valiant attacks of the mighty Gangaridai and Prasioi empires which were located in the Bengal region. Alexander's Historians refer to Gangardai as a people who lived in the lower Ganges and its tributaries. He describes Gangaridai as a nation beyond the Ganges, whose king had 4 thousand war trained and equipped elephants. Later Periplus and Ptolemy also indicate that Bengal was organised into a powerful kingdom at the onset of the first millennium A.D. yahA eka mahatvapUrNa prazna uThatA hai ki kisa saMpadA ke bala para baMgAla aura bihAra ne prAcIna kAla meM bhAratavarSa meM sAmrAjya sthApita karane meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAyI / ___ magadha ke dakSiNa pUrvI ilAke kA mAnabhUma aMcala Aja mallabhUmi kahalAtA hai / yahA ke rAjA evaM sAmantagaNa svayaM ko mallavaMzI kahalAne meM garva mahasUsa karate haiM / aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki mAnabhUma, bAkur3A, siMhabhUma,

Page #216
214 jainatva jAgaraNa..... medanIpura ke kucha kSetra mallabhUmi ke antargata Ate the / magadha se tAmralipta jAne ke rAste meM isa bhUga-bhAga kA hone kA kAraNa isakA bahuta mahatva thaa| yaha aMcala tAmra aura lauha khAnoM se samRddha thA / baMgAla ke tAmralipta baMdaragAha se magadha sAmrAjya kA sArA AyAta aura niryAta videzoM ko hotA thA / pATaliputra se tAmralipta taka ke AvAgamana ke patha para tAmra aura lauha khadAnoM kA honA isa kSetra kI samRddhi kA pramukha kAraNa rahA / prasiddha itihAsakAra DI.DI. kosambI ne magadha ke viSaya meM likhA hai- "Magadha had something for more important : the metals, and proximity to the river... Rajgir had the first immediate source of iron at its disposal. Secondly, it stradded (with Gaya to which the passage was through denser forest) The main route to India's heaviest deposits of iron and copper, to the south cast in the Dhalbhum and Singhbhum districts.. thus Magadha had a near monopoly over the main source of state craft. Chanakya was fully aware of the importance of mining : The treasury depends upon mining, the army upon treasure (Artha 2.12) : The mine is the womb of war materials (Artha 7...)" arthAt "magadha kI samRddhi evaM nirantara vikAsa kA srota usakI dhAtu-sampadA thI / prAcIna itihAsa ke dhAtu yuga kI sthApanA tathA pragati tAbe ke sAtha huI, jo paravartI kAla meM apanI viziSTa bhautika guNavattA ke kAraNa mudrA dhAtu ke rUpa meM parivartita hokara mudrA nirmANa ke lie atyanta Avazyaka ho gayA / magadha kI dUsarI dhAtu-sampadA lauha thI, jisakA sandhAna paravartI kAla meM huA thA tathA jisakA khanana aura niSkAsana bahuta bAda meM huaa| phira bhI sabhyatA ke vikAsa kSetra meM vizeSakara bhAratavarSa ke Asa-pAsa ko kRSi ke anukUla banAne meM Avazyaka hathiyAra ke rUpa meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI / " tAMta zilpa : isa aMcala kI sarAka saMskRti kA gatipatha sahaja nahIM thaa| sarvaprathama, unheM AdivAsiyoM se yuddha kara jaMgaloM ko kATakara bastiyAM basAnI pdd'ii|

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 215 paravarttI kAla arthAt sAtavIM zatAbdI meM brAhmaNavAda ke dhAraka evaM vAhaka sampradAyoM se jUjhanA par3A / brAhmaNa sampradAya va kaTTara hindU logoM ne sarAka saMskRti ko isa aMcala se miTAne ke lie una para utpIr3ana karanA zuru kiyA / jaina mandiroM se sarAkoM dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyoM ko uThAkara hindU devadeviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita kara dIM / isa kArya meM unhoMne hindU rAjAoM kA samarthana prApta kiyA / pariNAmataH sarAkoM ke eka bar3e aMza ne ur3IsA ke udayagiri-khaNDagiri aMcaloM meM bhAgakara vahA~ bauddha dharma grahaNa kara liyA / mAnabhUma meM bhI anekoM ne dharma badala liyA / yahA~ taka ki brAhmaNa dharma ke bhayaMkara kopa se AkrAnta hokara svayaM ko bacAne ke lie apane ko vibhinna prakAra kI hIna AjIvikA meM niyukta karanA par3A / sarAkoM kI isa avanati kA varNana karate hue sara hAravarTa risale ne bhArata kA janagaNa nAmaka apanI pustaka meM likhA haiM "They have split up into endogamous groups based partly on locality and partly on the fact that some of them have taken to the degaraded occupation of weaving and they now form a Hindu caste of the ordinary type." I sarAkagaNa zilpI haiM / jIvikA ke liye ve vastra bunane meM bAdhya hue the, kintu bahuta kama samaya meM hI ve tAMta vastra ke dakSa zilpI bana gae / usa samaya sarAkagaNa moTA kapar3A yA sUtI vastra nahIM bunate the, ve loga yadyapi cInI yAtrI ne nirgratho kA anya sthAnoM para vizeSatayA varNana nahIM kiyA, tathApi jahAM kahIM vaha yaha ullekha karatA hai ki bauddhadharma ke sAtha sAtha anya dharma bhI pracalita the, vahAM samajhanA cAhiye ki jaina saMpradAya bhI unameM se eka thA / usakI cuppI kA yaha artha nahIM lagAnA cAhiye ki pUrvI bhArata tathA baMgAla ke dUsare bhAgoM meM jaina na the / jaise, ki rAjagRha ke varNana meM hyUsAMga ne jainoM kA koI varNana nahIM kiyA parantu usa ne vipula parvata kI coTI para eka stUpa ke samIpa kaI nirgrathoM ko dekhA thA / rAjagRha jainoM kA bahuta bar3A tIrtha sthAna hai tathA bahuta parimANa meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM isa sthAna para AsapAsa bikharI huI milatI hai vaibhAra giri para aneka jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM surakSita haiN| tathA jaise rAjagRha bauddha sAhitya meM prasiddha hai vaise hI jaina sAhitya meM bhI prasiddha hai / (anuvAdaka)

Page #218
216 jainatva jAgaraNa....... netA yA pATa ke vastra bunate the / sarAkagaNa madhya yuga ke dakSa vastra zilpI the, ise svIkRta karate hue kavi kaMkaNa mukundarAma cakravartI apane caNDI maMgala meM likhate haiM sarAka base gujarATe jIva jantu nAhi kATe sarvakAla kare nirAmiSa / pAIyA inAma bAr3I, bUne neta pATa sAr3I dekhi bar3a vIrera hariSa // I "usa samaya vastra zilpa kI dakSatA dikhAkara bAr3I (inAma) pAne kI. yogyatA ekamAtra sarAkoM meM hI thI / kaTTara brAhmaNa loga sarAkaM vastra zilpiyoM ko acchI vRSTi se nahIM dekhate the / ve loga samaya-samaya para sarAkoM ko julAhA kahakara upahAsa karate the / isI kA nidarzana brahma vaivarta purANa meM pAyA jAtA hai | sarAkagaNa vastra bunane kA kArya karane lage the isIlie brahma vaivarta purANa ke racayitA ne unheM julAhA kahakara abhihita kiyA / kyoMki usa samaya julAhe hI kapar3A bunate the / lekina julAhoM kA kapar3A moTA arthAt khuMgAra vastra hotA thA / kintu sarAkagaNa moTA vastra nahIM bunate the ve loga tasara zilpI the / pATa aura tasara ke vastra deza ke bar3e-bar3e loga pahanate the / ata: brahma vaivarta purANa kA kathana bhrama mUlaka hai / " ( yudhiSThira mAjhI) 1 pASANa zilpa : sarAka jAti tAta zilpa, mUrtizilpa tathA tAmra aura lauha Adi ke khanana meM dakSa thI / kalpa sUtra meM likhA hai ki RSabhadeva ne puruSoM ko bahattara kalAeM, striyoM ko causaTha kalAeM tathA sau prakAra ke zilpa karma prajA ko sikhAye / prajA ko kalAoM meM zikSita kara eka zilpI varga taiyAra kiyA thA / to kyA yahI varga Aja ke sarAka hai ? mi. kUpalaiNDa ne bhI sarAkoM ko kalA dakSa zilpI jAti kahA hai / unake dvArA nirmita pASANa zilpa ke nidarzana isa pUre kSetra meM sarva vikhare par3e haiM /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 217 dinAMka 30 disambara se 4 janavarI 2009 taka baMgAla ke puruliyA nAmaka jile ke sarAka kSetroM kA bhramaNa kiyA gayA jisameM paMcakoTa sthAna para eka guphA dekhane ko milii| yaha guphA pahAr3I meM 300 phITa para asurakSita par3I hai tathA bahuta prAcIna hai| hamaloga rAstA khojate-khojate Upara cddh'e| jina logoM ne isa guphA kI khoja kI ve loga hamAre sAtha the / guphA meM tIrthaMkara mUrti aMkita hai| isI guphA ke ThIka Upara 1500 phITa Upara eka aura guphA kI khoja milI hai lekina abhI usakA dvAra pUrA nahIM kholA gyaa| isa guphA ke alAvA 2000 se 2500 varSa purAnI mUrtiyAM aura maMdiroM ke bhagnAveza bhI dekhane ko mile hai jo sarAka zailI ke hai / ye prAcIna mUrtiyAM khule AkAza ke nIce rakhI huI hai / jinameM telakUpI ke bhairavanAtha tathA pakavIrA ke mahAkAla bhairava donoM hI varddhamAna mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM hai jo mahAkAla bhairava ke nAma meM rUpAntarita ho gaI hai / mi. kUpalaiNDa ke anusAra Mr. Dalton ne inheM 500 se 600 I. pUrva kA batAyA hai / "Mr. Dalton placed them in the district as far back as five hundered or six hundred years before christ identifying the colossal image now worshipped at pakbirra under the name of Bhairav." abhI taka jo kucha sunA yA par3hA thA usane mujhe vahA jAne ke liye prerita kiyA |aur jaba vahA~ jAkara dekhA to daMga raha jAnA par3A isa aMcala kI purAkIrti ko dekhakara / puruliyA, bAkur3A, mAnabhUma, siMhabhUma Adi sabhI aMcaloM meM sarAkoM dvArA nirmita itane prAcIna maMdira aura mUrtiyA~ hai jisakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI / 2 pharavarI 1998 ke Ajakala samAcAra patra meM puruliyA ke pakavIrA nAmaka sthAna ke viSaya meM likhA hai "pakavIrA meM pahale cha: phuTa para, phira pA~ca phuTa para aura thor3A khodane para lagabhaga sAta phuTa para patthara kI prAcIna mUrtiyA~ nikala rahI hai / prAyaH dasa varSoM se yahI krama cala rahA hai| prArambha meM acAnaka patthara kI tIna vizAla mUrti nikalI usake bAda se yaha silasilA zurU ho gayA aura Aja bhI choTI bar3I sabhI mUrtiyA~ nikala rahI hai| gA~va ke vRddhajanoM kI dhAraNA hai ki pakavIrA meM kama se kama 500 mUrtiyA~ abhI

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218 jainatva jAgaraNa..... bhI jamIna ke nIce par3I huI hai lekina ina mahatvapUrNa mUlyavAna mUrtiyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke prati sarakAra kA koI Agraha nahIM hai|" ye hamArI prAcIna dharohareM Aja bhI upekSita par3I huI hai / prAcIna bhArata kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA kisa prakAra patana huA aura Aja bhI patana ho rahA hai jisakI kahAnI sunA rahe haiM dhvaMsapatha ke ye bhASyakarya zilpa nidarzana / Azcarya cakita ho gayI yaha dekhakara ki dakSiNa rAr3hakSetra kI dharatI ke nIce eka atyanta prAcIna aitihAsika sarAka zilpakalA nIrava hokara ekAnta meM azru visarjana kara rahI hai / gA~va ke loga mAnasika va sAmAjika mAnyatA pUrI karane ke lie ina mUrtiyoM ke sAmane pazu-bali bhI dete haiM / ahiMsA dharma ke sAdhaka puruSa mahAn tIrthaMkara kI A~khoM ke sammukha hI rakta se miTTI bhIga jAtI hai| bakariyA~ aura unake zizuoM kI Arta cItkAra aura tAje rakta strota se jisa vIbhatsa pariveza kI sRSTi hotI hai isake liye kevala hamArI sarakAra kI nItiyA~ hI nahIM balki samasta jaina samAja bhI isakA uttaradAyI hai / isI prakAra ajayanadI ke taTa para kucha prAcIna stUpa Aja bhI jIrNa avasthA meM prApta hone hai / purAtattvavidha pI.sI. dAsaguptA inako mahAvIra kAlIna yA usase pUrva vrAtya yuga kI batAte haiM / ye Aja bhI upekSita par3I huI hai| ___ dinAMka 3 jUna Times of India meM Lost city of the Jains nAmaka lekha meM Asanasola se 20 kilomITara pucar3A gAva kA varNana hai| pucar3A kA artha hai paMca curA arthAt pA~ca maMdira / vahA~ ke itihAsa ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki Twenty kilometres from Asansol, humpy road takes you to Punchra, a forgotten part of history where time has stood still for centuries. There are 50 families here-with a shared past like none else in the country. This is the only abode of the Bengali Jains. At first glance, the temples, the deities', and the numerous carved stones lying scattered in the dense undergrowth. Most of the Jain families of Punchra lead a life of abstinence. They don't even eat onions, potatoes and masu dal.

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 219 These families call themselves 'Saraks' (a distortion of the word 'Shravak') or the Adi Jains. Arun Majhi, priest of the local Jain temple, believes that Lord Mahavira attained enlightnment on the banks of the nearby Ajoy river. Those who came in touch with him were called 'Shraveks.' He claims that the ruins of an entire city-dating back 1,400 years-lie buried under the village. ____ aruNa mAMjhI ne patra meM jAnakArI dete hue likhA hai- "AdaraNIya zrI rAjendra jaina (indaura se) yahA~ Aye the tathA pucar3A grAma ke rAjapAr3A meM sthita prAcIna jina mandira ke avazeSa ke sthAna para yaMtra lagAkara nirIkSaNa karake gaye unhoMne batAyA ki rAjapAr3A ke bhU-garbha meM tIrthaMkaroM kI kaI svarNa pratimAe~ maujUda hai / " ___ rAjapAr3A ke saMlagna jamIna para 4-5 phuTa khudAI para bar3e-bar3e makAnoM kI buniyAda milatI hai / Age unhoMne apane patra meM likhA hai ki "kisI ko bhI yahA~ Akara koI asuvidhA nahIM hotI / garIba paristhiti hote hue bhI hamAre ghara meM pyAja, lahasuna kA praveza niSedha hai| Aja se nahIM paramparA se / maiM to rAta ko bhojana bhI nahIM letA / " isa pUre aMcala meM bikhare pASANa zilpa ke ye prAcIna nidarzana eka jIvanta itihAsa ke prAmANika dastAveja haiM jo hameM hamArI prAcIna saMskRti kI bahumUlya virAsata kI chavi dikhA rahe haiN| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvANa bhUmi sammeta zikhara ati pavitraM kSetra mAnA jAtA hai / isI ke pArzvavartI aMcala meM rahane vAle Adi jaina loga dhIre-dhIre dAmodara kaMsAvatI, dvArikezvara, zilAvatI aura barAkara ke kinAre se hote hue rAr3ha baMga meM phaila gaye / inake banAye nidarzana varddhamAna, bAkur3A, puruliyA medanIpura jiloM ke nadI taTavartI aMcaloM meM Aja therehiMto godAsehito kAsavaguttehiMto itthaNaM godAsagaNe nAmaM gaNe niggae tassaNaM imAo cattArI sAhAo evamAnijjaMti taM jahA tAmalittiyA koDIvarisiA, pauMDavaddhaNiyA, dAsI khavvaDiyA / (kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI) anuvAdaka /

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jainatva jAgaraNa ..... 220 bhI parilakSita hote haiM / bA~kur3A jile ke IMdapura thAne ke jor3adA grAma kI brahmAdhAna meM rakSita pASANa mUrtiyoM kA saMgraha, tAlaDAMgarA thAnA ke deulabhir3A grAma se rAkhAladAsa bandopAdhyAya dvArA saMgrahita aura bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM rakSita "pArzvanAtha" kI mUrti, viSNupura thAnA ke dharApATa grAma ke pASANa mandira meM sthApita AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI do mUrtiyA~, U~dA thAnA ke bahulAr3A grAma ke siddhezvara zivAlaya ke garbha gRha meM rakSita pArzvanAtha mUrti aura anekoM jaina stUpoM ke cinha, sonAmukhI thAne ke madanapura grAma kI mahAvIra mUrti ke atirikta ektezvara, Dihara, hAr3amAsarA, ambikAnagara, citgiri, ceyAdA, kenduyA, gokula, zAlator3A, okA, barakoNA ityAdi gA~voM meM jaina-saMskRti ye prAcIna sAkSyaM varttamAna haiM / dhArApATa gA~va ke neMgaTA ThAkura mandira ke upAsya deva haiM nAgachatradhArI jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI mUrti / dvArakezvara nadI ko pAra kara dhArApAta pahu~cane ke mArga meM kaI zivAlaya dRSTigocara hote haiM jo deva mandira hai / dhArApAta meM hI deva pratimA vihIna eka mandira hai jisake bAharI bhAga ke AloM meM vizAla pratimAeM virAjita thI / bhagavAna RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha bhagavAna Adi kI ye pratimAeM lagabhaga bAraha sau se pandraha sau varSa prAcIna thI / isa mandira ke ThIka pIche eka aura mandira meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI saptaphaNA pratimA thI / ina kSetroM meM jahA~ jahA~ bhI jina pratimAeM hai unheM loga nagTezvara ziva, to kahIM bhairava Adi nAmoM se pukArate haiM / jaina dharmAvalambI, jo jaina saMskRti kA kendra hai, sarAka jAti kA nivAsa grAma hai bA~kur3A kA zAlAtor3A, jo jaina saMskRti kA kendra hai | hAr3amAsarA gA~va kI sImA meM bhI eka patthara kA zikhara yukta choTA mandira hai / isake pIche jaMgala meM eka pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI khar3I pratimA hai / jisake parikara meM navagraha, aSTamahAprAtihArya dharaNendra, padmAvatI Adi nirmita haiM / kaMsAvatI nadI ke taTa para baMdhe hue bAMdha ke pAsa pArasanAtha nAma kA gA~va hai, vahA~ eka pahAr3I para bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI vizAla pratimA do Tukar3oM meM khaMDita par3I hai / kaMsAvatI aura kumArI nadI ke saMgama para base aMbikA nagara meM jaina zAsanadevI aMbikA ke mandira ke pRSTha bhAga meM eka jaina mandira avasthita

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 221 hai jisameM AdinAtha RSabhadeva svAmI kI sundara pratimA hai / kaMsAvatI nadI ke hI dakSiNI taTa para medinIpura zahara kI viparIta dizA meM khar3agapura thAnAntargata bAlihaTI ke jaina mandira ke dhvaMsAzeSa dakSiNa pazcima baMga meM jaina prabhAva kA anyatama dRSTAnta hai| kucha sAla pahale kolAghATa ke pula nirmANa ke samaya rUpanArAyaNa nadI ke garbha se eka prAcIna mUrti nikAlI gayI / bAlihATI kA pArzvavartI aMcala jina zahara nAma se bhI paricita hai| kucha mIla dUra pAtharA grAma meM bhI pAyA gayA hai eka jaina caumukha jisa para jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ khudI huI haiM / puruliyA jile ke bAMgamuNDI thAnA kA deulI usa samaya jaina dharma kA anyatama vikAsa-sthala thA / isa jile ke telakUpI meM itanI jaina mUrtiyA~ pAyI gayI haiM ki vismita hue binA nahIM rahA jAtA / telakUpa meM tIna vikhyAta mandiroM kA patA lagA hai| do choTe mandira sabase purAne haiM / ye donoM sarAkoM dvArA nirmita jaina mandira haiM / bar3A mandira to ekadama dAmodara ke kinAre para hI hai| avazya hI vartamAna meM yaha mandira TUTa gayA haiM / isake dhvaMsa stUpa ke madhya aura eka mandira nirmita kiyA gayA thaa| isa navIna mandira kA AkAra bahuta kucha ziva mandira jaisA hai. sambhavataH mUla mandira ke TUTa jAne para mandira kI vikhyAt bhairavanAtha kI mUrti navIna mandira meM rakha dI gayI hai| vartamAna meM yaha mandira dAmodara kI miTTI meM phaMsa gayA hai| bhairavanAtha telakUpI ke vikhyAt aura jAgRta devatA kahe jAte haiM / bhairavanAtha kI mUrti avazya hI jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI mUrti hai / atIta meM ye virUpa nAma se pUje jAte the| bAda meM yaha ahiMsA dharma ke sAdhaka puruSa hindU brAhmaNa saMskRti ke sAtha yukta hokara bhairava nAma meM rUpAntarita ho gae / aisA hI huA hai pAkavir3arA meM / brAhmaNa saMskRti ke kAlabhairava kA yathArtha rUpa kisa kisma kA hai yaha koI nahIM jAnatA phira bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke digambara rUpa bhairavanAtha kA eka AkarSaNIya rUpa kalpita karane meM isa aMcala ke manuSyoM kI sahAyatA karatA hai / telakUpI ke bhairavanAtha caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiM yaha bAta misTara I.TI. DAlTana ne svIkAra kI thii| isa prasaMga meM unakI ukti smaraNIya haiM :

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... "There is another of these temples at Telkoopi on the Damodar, and there is an image still worshipped by the people in the neighbourhood which they call Birup. It is probale intended for the 24th Tirthankara Vira or Mahavira, the last Jine." 222 kahA jAtA hai ki telakUpI ke bhairavanAtha kA mandira kisI rAjA mahArAjAoM dvArA nirmita nahIM kiyA gayA thA / yaha to banAyA gayA thA zilpapatiyoM ke dvArA / mandira nirmANa meM sarAka jaina zilpiyoM ke hAthoM kI chApa inameM haiM / kucha kiMvadantiyoM hone para bhI telakUpI kA apanA itihAsa hai / eka samaya yahI gA~va isa aMcala kI vikhyAt zilpa nagarI thI / mi. DAlTana ne isa zilpanagarI ke toraNadvAra ko khoja nikAlA thaa| kisI samaya tAmralipta se ghATAla, viSNupura, chAtanA, raghunAthapura se telakUpI paryanta eka rAstA banavAyA gayA thA / taduparAMta yahI rAstA dAmodara pAra hokara pATaliputra taka calA gayA thA / usa samaya ghATAla, viSNupura, raghunAthapura, Adi sthAna tAMta- zilpa meM unnata the / zilpapati tAmralipta se isI rAste se pATaliputra jAte the / meM par3atA telakUpI nagara / yahA~ kucha dina ve vizrAma karate / phira varSA ke dinoM meM dAmodara pAra honA sahaja kArya nahIM thA una dinoM zilpapatiyoM ko kucha dina telakUpI meM rahanA hI par3atA thA / taba telakUpI eka vikhyAta sarAya-sI thI / isI prasaMga meM mi. kUlapaiNDa likhate haiM rAha "According to tradition, the temples at Telkoopi are ascribed to merchants and not to Raja or Holymen, and the inference is that a large trading settlement spring up to this pont where the Damodar River would present at any rate in rainy seasons, a very considerable obstacle to the travellers and merchants. telakUpI ke prasaMga meM AlocanA karate hue eka viSaya hamAre mana ko bahuta AkRSTa karatA hai / vaha viSaya hai telakUpI ke bhairavanAtha / telakUpI ke bhairavanAtha aura pAkavir3A ke mahAkAla bhairava donoM hI jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 223 mUrtiyA~ hai / sambhavataH tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI / ataH bhairava zabda brAhmaNadharmIya saMskAra jAta hai yA jainadharmIya saMskAra jAta yaha viSaya gaveSaNA kA hai / anekoM ke matAnusAra bhairava zabda vIra va vIram zabda se AyA hai / According to W.W. Hunter in his Statistical Account of Bengal (List of Ancient Monuments of Bengal, 1896) the image from Telkupi of Bhairav from which Bhairavassthan gets its name was of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of the Jains. In the opinion of F.B. Bradley-Brit the statury was Jaina (Chota-Nagpore: A Little - Known Province of the Empire 1903/1910. P. 181.) In the INTACH survery of Jaina monuments of South Jharkhand (Purulia, Seraikela, 2006) the Jaina statury was invariably found in the sites with similar temple architecture as the Bhairavasthan temples of Telkupi. There is therefore every reason to assume Telkupi was a Jaina temple cluster. Further evidence is had by the fact the legendary Jain king Vikramaditya believed to have come annually to Telkupi on pilgrimage. isa jile ke pAr3A aura pAkavir3arA bhI samAna rUpa se mahatvapUrNa pazcima baMgAla kA sabase prAcIna jaina mandira pAr3A meM hai / yaha mandira do se DhAI hajAra varSa prAcIna hai / mandira ke pASANa aura zilpa kalA ke vaiziSTya kI vivecanA karanese hI patA cala sakatA hai ki yaha mandira Aja se prAya: DeMr3ha hajAra varSa pUrva nirmita huA thA / kaIyoM kA to anumAna hai ki yaha mandira ar3hAI hajAra varSa purAnA hai / zrIyata prasiddha prasita kumAra rAyacaudharI ne apane grantha 'baMga saMskRti kathA' meM likhA hai- "ye sarAka hI jile ke prAcInatam nivAsI haiM / prAyaH ar3hAI hajAra varSa pUrva nirmita mandiroM ke dhvaMsAvazeSa Aja bhI pAr3A, var3Ama Adi sthAnoM meM pAye jAte haiM / inakI bAta svIkAra kara lene para kahanA hogA ki pAr3A kA yaha vRddha bhagna jIrNa mandira aDhAI hajAra varSa pUrva se sarAka saMskRti ke utthAna -

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224 jainatva jAgaraNa..... patana ke sAkSI rUpa meM puruliyA kI dharatI para aba bhI khar3A hai| yadyapi mahAkAla ke strota bhA miTa gaye haiM, deha ke alaMkAra, kSaya ho gaye haiM deha ke sarvAMga, vivarNa ho gayA hai raMga phira bhI mahAkAla ke isa mahAsamudra meM eka Aloka stambha kI taraha sarAka sampradAya ke manuSyoM ko dik nirNaya karatA huA yaha kaha rahA hai- maiM itihAsa banakara Aja bhI bacA huA huuN| Dara kyA atIta hI tumheM patha dikhAegA / " __ (yudhiSThira mAjhI) varddhamAna jile kA nAmakaraNa jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nAma se sambandhita hai / isa jile ke dAmodara tIravartI aMcala kisa prakAra jaina dharma se prabhAvita hue the usake saikar3oM pramANa upalabdha haiM / varddhamAna jile ke baguniyA, zivapura, kAjor3A, nandI, jAmuriyA, rakSitapura, basudhA, mAjUriyA, khANDArI, mAnakara, kasavA, suyAtA, er3Ala, sara, AdarA, parazUr3A, navAvahATa, rAyanA, khaNDaghoSa, boMyAI, zyAmanagara, bhArUcA, maNDalajAnA ityAdi anekoM gAMvoM meM jaina sampradAya ke vibhinna utsava Aja bhI anuSThita hote haiM / ye saba kSetra dAmodara nadI ke donoM taToM para avasthita haiM / jITI ror3a ke pAsa hI barAkara nadI ke taTa para Asanasola mahakamA ke beguniyA meM cAra prAcIna sudarzana maMdira haiM / aitihAsika vegalara ke mata se ina mandiroM ke kaI-kaI to chaThI zatAbdI ke ho sakate haiM / avazya hI mandira meM sthApita zilAlipiyoM ko lekara bahuta tarka vitarka huA hai / bahuta sI patthara kI mUrtiyA~ bhI yahA~ milI hai jo puruliyA ke telakUpI ke mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM se milatI julatI haiM / isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki beguniyA kisI samaya jaina dharma kA anyatama kendra thA / kintu bAda meM vahA~ kI dharmIya imAratoM aura mUrtiyoM ko zaiva aura brAhmaNa dharma ne grAsa kara liyA / isa viSaya meM yudhiSThira mA~jhI ne likhA hai "pAkavir3arA ke mandira dharmAndha manuSyoM ke kAle hAthoM se nahIM baca sake / kintu barAkara ke mandira zivaliMga kA kavaca dhAraNa kara akSata raha sake haiM / barAkara mandira ke garbha meM zivaliMga sthApita kara dene ke kAraNa aba inheM ziva mandira kahakara hI pracAra kiyA jAtA hai| pazcima baMga sarakAra

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 225 ke TUrisTa byUro ke vijJApana meM likhA gayA hai- mAithana tumheM pukAra rahA hai| yAtrA karate samaya barAkara ke kolAhalahIna zAntidhAma, kalyANezvarI aura vikhyAt ziva mandira Arta-hRdayoM kI klAnti ko samApta kara degA / kintu barAkara mandiroM ko vikhyAta ziva mandira kahakara pracAra karane se na kevala satya ko hI jhuThalAyA jAtA hai apitu, videzI bhramaNakAriyoM ko vibhrAnta bhI banAyA jAtA hai / TUrisTa byUro jaisI dAyitvazIla saMsthA ke dvArA isa prakAra kA pracAra zobhA nahIM pAtA / lokadRSTike antarAla meM par3I huI ye purAvastueM zodha-khoja kI AzA rakhatI haiN| vizeSa rUpa se nadI-garbha se prApta yahA~ kI yana-sAmagrI ke itihAsa kA bhI anusandhAna parama Avazyaka hai| kitane vismaya kI bAta hai ki varddhamAna jile ke durgApura zilAMcala ke AsapAsa ke grAmoM meM jaina dharma ne vyApaka rUpa meM apanA jo vistAra kiyA thA itihAsakAroM ne usakA kahIM ullekha hI nahIM kiyA / dAmodara ke tIravartI bA~kur3A aura varddhamAna ke vibhinna ilAke evaM Aja ke durgApura ilAke ke nAnA sthAna unake puNya pAda-sparza se dhanya hue haiM / rAr3ha deza meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa sambandhI niSThApUrNa zodhakArya ko itihAsakAra kisa kAraNa se upekSA karate Ae haiM mAtra durgApura ke pArzvavartI kucha grAmoM kI purAvastu se hI isa prasaMga kI AlocanA kI jA sakatI hai| dAmodara bA~dha ke pazcima taTavartI bA~kur3A jile ke bar3ajor3A thAne kA meTelI grAma carmakAra, zRMDi, dhIvara, bAgadI, bAurI, evaM kumbhakAra jAti kA nivAsa sthala eka prAcIna gA~va hai / gA~va ke gaDera DAMgA meM kAle-patthara aura bAlupatthara kI aneka mUrtiyA~ pAyI gayI hai jo Aja bhI vahA~ para hai / gA~va ke vRkSatale zivarUpa meM pUjita mUrti saMgraha ke madhya cAra iMca, caubIsa iMca aura cAra iMca parimApa kI zIrSa deza bhagna kAle patthara kI eka tIrthaMkara mUrti / mUrti ke nIce hAtha meM ba~vara lekara khar3e haiM do puruSa, cAra yogI mUrtiyA~ aura nIce karabaddha hokara khar3I haiM do nAriyA~ eka hI patthara meM khudI huI / aThAraha iMca, ATha iMca aura chaha iMca AkAra kA eka dUsarA patthara hai tIrthaMkara mUrti ke pAdapITha meM / nIce dhAvamAna azva aura siMha, nArI tathA

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226 jainatva jAgaraNa..... zizu hai / isake atirikta hai golAkAra Asana sahita bAlu patthara kA eka zivaliMga jo ki bAda meM saMyojita kiyA gayA hai aisA pratIta hotA hai / sthAnIya maNDala parivAra dvArA rakSita khudA huA prastara khaNDa aura bAurI pAr3e ke bA~sa-jhA~r3a ke madhya rakhA vizAlAyatana prastara khaNDa kisI tIrthaMkara mUrti kA pAda-pATha hI ho sakatA hai| gA~va ke vAthAna pAr3A ilAke meM TIna se chAyA kAlArAja cAlA-mandira meM hai aneka khude hue pattharoM ke Tukar3e, inameM do iMca, sAta iMca, aura eka iMca parimApa ke eka prastara khaNDa meM jaina tIrthaMkara kI mUrti khudI huI dikhAI par3atI haiM / durgApura hindustAna pharTilAiz2ara kaoNlonI ke uttara meM Ar3arAgA~va ke rAya parivAra meM dharmarAja rUpa se jo bhagna prastara khaNDa tela-siMdUra se lipta hokara nitya pUjA jAtA hai unameM haiM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kA khudA huA pAda-pITha, jaina mUrti kA bhagnAvazeSa, nAga-chatradhArI mUrtiyA~ Adi haiM / isa gA~va ke rADhezvara zivAlaya ke pArzvavarta jaMgala se bhI aneka bhagna jaina mUrtiyA~ pAyI gayI hai| itanA hI nahIM Ar3arA aura bAlUnAr3A gA~va ke vibhinna parivAroM meM itane khude hue prastara khaNDa dekhane meM Ae ki lagatA hai ve saba kisI jaina mandira ke dhvaMsAvazeSa haiM jinheM uThAkara makAna nirmANa meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vartamAna DI. pI. ela. TAunazIpa ke pArzvavartI vIrabhAnapura gA~va ke zaMkhezvarI talA meM aneka jaina aura anyAnya mUrtiyA~ haiM isake atirikta amarAragar3ha se prApta mUrtiyA~, pAnAgar3ha ke nikaTavartI bharatapura meM pAyI gayI mUrtiyA~, kuDuriyA aura bhiriMgI meM pAyI huI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha jaina saMskRti kA kitanA sambandha hai yaha dekhane se patA calatA hai / durbhAgyavaza durgApura kSetra kI mUrtiyA~ Aja bhI avahelita par3I huI hai / / rAr3ha baMgAla ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM ziva yA dharmarAja rUpa meM jaina mUrtiyoM ko pUjA jAtA dekhA gayA hai / kaI jagaha jaina tIrthakaroM kI bhagna mUrti grAma devatA ke rUpa meM vRkSa tale adhiSThita hai / bA~kur3A jile ke tAlaDA~garA thAne ke deulabhir3A grAma kI pAka-bArahavIM sadI meM nirmita deula mandira pahale jaina mandira hI thA / isakA mukhya vigraha (pArzvanAtha) vartamAna meM bhAratIya

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 227 myUjiyama meM surakSita hai / isa gA~va kA deula mandira neMgaTA ThAkura (arthAt digambara pArzvanAtha)kA mandira nAma se paricita hai| U~dA thAne ke bahulAr3A grAma kA siddhezvara ziva kA mandira pahale jaina dharma vAloM kA hI thA isake pramANa haiM / tAlaDA~garA thAne ke hAr3amAsarA gA~va ke parityakta zikhara deula ke cAroM ora kabhI jaina dharma pratiSThita thA isake bhI pramANa haiM / amiyakumAra bandopAdhyAya ke kathanAnusAra "zilAvatI ke gatipatha ke thor3A uttara meM Aja kA hAr3amAsarA grAma kabhI jaina dharma kA kendra thA / Alocya prApta purAtAtvika vastue~ usakA pramANa haiM / Dihara, sonAtapala ektezvara sarvatra eka hI bAta lAgU hotI hai| puruliyA jile ke vAgamuNDI thAnA ke deulI gA~va ke jaina mandiroM meM mUla mandira ke devatA tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha Aja bhI loka devatA iNunAtha nAma se pUje jAte haiM / aneka bA~jha nAriyoM ko inakI kRpA se santAna prApti huI hai| mUrti ke sammukha bakare kI bali bhI hotI hai / laukika devoM kI pUjA kI vicitra rIti-nItiyoM kA bhI yahA~ anusaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / varddhamAna jile ke maMgalakoTa thAne ke zaMkarapura gA~va ke neMgaTezvara nAma se paricita zivamUrti kA varNana isa prakAra hai- kAle patthara se banI sAr3he tIna phuTa kI mUrti ke cAroM aura chaH svastika bane hue hai / ve digambara haiM evaM liMga dRzyamAna hai| pAdapITha ke padma para eka mRgamUrti dhyAna dene yogya hai / inake bhI bhaktoM kI saMkhyA kama nahIM hai| mRga to zAntinAtha kA pratIka hai jaisA ki puruliyA ke bAgamuNDI thAne ke deulI grAma ke zAntinAtha mandira meM dekhA gayA / phira bhI pazcima baMga ke pUjA-pArvana aura melA grantha ke paMcama khaNDa ke battIsaveM pRSTha meM ullikhita zaMkarapura ke negaTezvara ko bholAnAtha paramezvara ke rUpa meM hI ghoSita kiyA gayA / pUre baMgAla meM jahA~ prAcIna khude prastara khaNDa, ziva yA loka-devatA ke rUpa meM pUjita hai unheM gahana rUpa meM paryavekSaNa karate hI asalI rahasya prakAzita ho jAtA hai / durgApura ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM deva-devI rUpa meM jo saba prastara khaNDa yA mUrtiyA~ hai unameM adhikAMzataH yA to jaina tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke bhagnAMza haiM yA ve jaina prabhAvayukta haiM / bA~kur3A ke rAnIbA~dha thAnA ke ambikAnagara kI ambikA devI, rAIpura thAnA ke rAIpura kI mahAmAyA, khAtar3A thAnA kI kecandarA

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228 jainatva jAgaraNa..... ambikA devI,zimalApAla thAne kI jor3asA aura gotar3A kI ambikA devI jaina dharma se sambandhita haiM / ye saba laukika devI rUpa meM hI pUjI jAtI haiM / chAndAr3a ke nikaTavartI pAMcAla grAma kI vRhad parazA puSkariNI ke sAtha pArzvanAtha kA sambandha spaSTa hai / zraddheya mANikalAla siMha dvArA saMgrahIta ina tathyoM ke atirikta cupAmanasA ke kapilezvara ziva kA gAjana aura sthAnIya manasA pUjA ke samaya tIrthaMkara mUrti khudI eka jaina mandira kI pratikRti kI pUjA ullekhanIya hai / yaha ghaTanA bar3ajor3A thAnA ke meTelI meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai / patthara kI isa kSudrAkAra mandira kI pratikRtiyoM meM AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha, zAntinAtha aura mahAvIra mUrtiyA~ khudI huI hai / (tripurA-basu). caubIsa paraganA jile ke dakSiNa prAntika aMza yA sundaravana sImA ke madhya jaina dharma saMskRti ke bahuta se nidarzana pAe gae haiN| vartamAna sundaravana sImA meM bahuta se sthAna pahale khuSTIya bArahavIM zatAbdI meM bhI araNyayukta aura samRddha janapada pUrNa the aura inake aMzavizeSa rAr3ha aura puNDravarddhana bhukti ke antarbhukta the| isa jile ke DAyamaNDa hArbara mahakame ke durgama grAma meM do prAcIna dhvaMsa stUpa (gata zatAbdI meM vana basane ke pazcAt se) pAe jAte haiM / ye donoM sthAna logoM meM maThavAr3I ke nAma se paricita haiN| pahalA ghoSa logoM ke cauka meM vAisahATA grAma ke prAnta meM dhAna kSetra kA virATa sthAna adhikRta kie hue hai kucha samaya pUrva isakI U~cAI thI prAya: bIsa phuTa / vartamAna meM kucha hasa ho gayA hai| isI vAisahATA kI maThavAr3I se kaI mIla dUra dvitIya maThavAr3I nalagor3A nAmaka grAma ke samIpa hai / vartamAna meM yaha aitihAsika va purAtAttvikoM ke nikaTa paricita jaTAra deula se 4-5 mIla ke madhya hai / abhI isa nalagor3A maThavAr3I ke samasta cinha lupta hote jA rahe haiM sthAnIya logoM dvArA yahA~ kI ITeM uThA le jAne kA kAraNa vikhyAta purAtattvavid svargIya kAlidAsa datta mahAzaya ke anusAra donoM maThavAr3iyoM kA jaina maTha honA hI saMbhava hai| kAraNa isa aMcala meM bahuta se jaina nidarzana AviSkRta hue haiN| prasaMgataH isa kSetra meM isa sthAna ke vikhyAta jaTAra deula kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai / koI-koI vidvAn anumAna karate haiM

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 229 ukta jaTA grAma ke prAcIna aura virATa mandira yA jaTAra deula jaino ke haiM / isI anumAna ke samarthana meM kahA jAtA hai- aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM IsTa iNDiyA kampanI jaba sundaravana ko araNyamukta karane ko udyogI huI usI samaya yaha mandira prakaTa huA / usa samaya aMgreja sarveyara mi. smitha ne jo vivaraNa diyA usameM likhA hai ki unhoMne jaTA nAmaka aMcala ke maMdira meM eka 89 varSa ke bAlaka kI bhA~ti mUrti dekhI thI / mUrti daNDAyamAna thI / bAda meM yA vartamAna smitha sAhaba varNita mUrti ukta mandira meM dikhalAI nahIM par3I / isase anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha mUrti kisI jaina tIrthaMkara kI thI / jaTAra deula aura bA~kur3A jile ke bahulAr3A ke siddhezvara mandira meM gaThanagata samAnatA hai / ina donoM rekha deula kA nirmANakAla bhI prAyaH eka hI hai| bahulAr3A ke mandira ke viSaya meM bahuta-sI AlocanAe~ aura gaveSaNAe~ huI haiM / kucha aitihAsikoM ne apanA abhimata diyA hai ki yaha jaina mandira haiM / kintu jaTAra deula ke viSaya meM adhika gaveSaNA nahIM huI hai / gaveSaNA kArya ke lie nirbharayogya upAdAna bhI nahIM pAe gae haiN| vana hAsila karane ke samaya jo phalaka prApta huA usase mAlUma hotA hai ukta mandira rAjA jayacandra dvArA zak-saMvat 897 meM to nirmita hai hI / bahulAr3A kA siddhezvara mandira jaina mandira hai aisA bahuta se gaveSakoM kA mantavya hai / jaTAra deula . ke sAtha kaI viSayoM meM samAnatA hone se evaM jaTA aMcala se jaina nidarzanoM ke AviSkRta hone ke kAraNa yaha anumAna kiyA gayA hai ki jaTAra deula jainoM kA hI mandira hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya se bhadrabAhu paryanta (khu. pU. paMcama - SaSTha zatAbdI se khU. pR. caturtha zatAbdI) jaina dharma ke pracAra sthAnoM meM puNDravarddhana kA ullekha hai / jaTA kA yaha mandira puNDravarddhana bhukti meM thA yaha tAmralipi se jAnA gayA hai / 1 "sundaravana kI sImA meM delavAr3I yA deulavAr3I jaMgala meM mandiroM kA jo dhvaMsAvazeSa AviSkRta huA hai vaha jaina mandira thA / deula zabda kA artha mandira hai | yaha hindu, bauddha yA jaina mandira ke sambandha meM prayukta ho sakatA hai | kintu prAyaH kSetroM meM lakSya kiyA gayA hai ki deula arthAt mandira yA mandirayukta kSetra se atItakAla kI sabhyatA ke jo nidarzana

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jainatva jAgaraNa ....... 230 AviSkRta hue haiM unameM adhikAMza jaina dharma saMskRti ke paricAyaka haiN| udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kara sakate haiM varddhamAna jile kA sAta deuliyA puruliyA kA deu yA deulI / caubIsa paraganA jile meM kucha dUra-dUra sthita kaI grAmoM meM jaina dharma saMskRti ke nidarzana dekhe jAte haiM / isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jaina dharma ke prAdhAnya kAla meM isa aMcala meM eka jaina samAja yA jaina dharma kA kendra thA / grAmoM ke nAma yathAkrama karaJjali, kAMTAveniyA evaM ghATezvara hai / karaJjali (aisI vizuddha bhASA kisI gA~va ke nAma kI nahIM sunI jAtI / isI se dhAraNa kI jA sakatI hai ki kisI samaya yaha gA~va samRddha thA jo ki aba vartamAna meM eka sAdhAraNa gA~va mAtra hai / ) gA~va meM kisI-kisI bhU-svAmI ke ghara meM kucha purAtatva kI vastue~ rakSita hai| ye saba isI aMcala se saMgrahita haiM / inameM kaI jaina saMskRti ke nidarzana bhI haiN| isI grAma kI eka puSkaranI ke taTa para do vRhad AkAra ke stambha yA mandira ke khambhe I / isa para utkIrNa kArUkArya ko lakSya kara yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye jaina zilpa ke nidarzana haiM / donoM stambha jaina mandira ke haiM jo ki isI grAma ke bhU-garbha meM calA gayA hai / kAMTAveniyA kA~TAveniyA grAma se kucha dUra gA~va meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI eka akSata aura sundara mUrti prAyaH 4 phuTa U~cI hai jo kI yatnapUrvaka mandira meM rakhI huI hai / usakI pUjA bhI nitya hotI hai evaM bali bhI dI jAtI thA / I dhATezvara kucha dUra avasthita ghATezvara gA~va meM AdinAtha arthAt jaina dharma ke pravartaka RSabhadeva kI mUrti hai / ghATezvara grAma kI AdinAtha bhagavAna kI mUrti yadyapi jIrNa ho gayI hai phira bhI lakSaNa aura zirastrANa ko lakSya karate hue yaha siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha mUrti RSabhadeva kI hai / padma para daNDAyamAna, mastaka para mukuTAkAra jaTAjUTa, pAsa meM uDDIyamAna gandharva hai / vRSabha (baila) lAMchana ekadama aspaSTa ho gayA hai / * kainiMga zahara se kucha dUra mAtalA thAne ke AdhIna bola bAula grAma meM ati jIrNa avasthA meM prAya: 5 phuTa U~cI jo jaina mUrti milatI

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 231 hai vaha pArzvanAtha kI hai / dakSiNa bArAsAta meM isI prakAra kI jIrNa avasthA meM pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti unmukta sthAna meM ekadama avahelita rUpa meM par3I hai / * sundaravana se kaI jaina caukhupI mandira kI kSudra anukRtiyA~ pAyI gayI haiM / ye ATha se dasa iMca U~cI haiM / inameM do pASANa kI haiM, I haiM jalI huI miTTI kI / caukhupI catuSkoNa hai| isake cAroM ora jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / caukhupI zabda caumukha se AyA hai| jaina zilpa kA eka vaiziSTya hotA hai caturmukha yA caumukhI pratimA / anya sarAka saMskRti se jur3e atIta ke purAkSetroM kI paryAlocanA karane para eka vizeSa tathya hamAre sammukha ubharatA hai- vaha hai choTA nAgapura aMcala ke samasta purAkSetroM kA dAmodara evaM kaMsAvatI nadI ke taTavartI aMcaloM para avasthita honA / yahA~ kI dAmodara evaM kaMsAvatI ne mAlA kI bhA~ti gU~tha rakhA hai isa samasta purAkSetroM ko / ataH kahA jA sakatA hai prAcIna sarAka saMskRti thI adhikAMzataH nadI mAtRka / dAmodara evaM kaMsAvatI kI puNya dhArAoM ne atIta ke sarAka bhASkarya zilpa ko saMjIvita kiyA thA / dAmodara evaM kaMsAvatI ke sneha rasa meM snigdha huI thI usa samaya kI ahiMsA dharma kI amara puNya bhUmi / " ( baMgAla meM jaina yuga kI smRti) isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ tIrthakaroM, gaNadharoM evaM zAsana deviyoM kI jo ina kSetroM meM sarvatra bikharI par3I haiM ve inhIM sarAkoM ke pUrva purUSoM ke dvArA nirmita evaM pratiSThita karAyI gayI haiM / inakI prAcIna kArIgarI ke bahuta se cinha avazeSa haiM jo isa deza meM sabase prAcIna haiM, aisA yahA~ ke saba loga kahate haiM / ye cinha vAstava meM una logoM ke haiM jisa jAti ke logoM ko sarAka- sarAvaga kahate haiM jo zAyada bhArata ke isa bhAga meM sabase pahale basane vAle haiM / prazna uThatA hai, ki ye pASANa zilpa ke kalAdakSa kArIgara kauna the, kahA~ se Aye the jisake jabAva meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki zrAvaka sampradAya ke isa kSetra meM Ane ke bAda jaba bhASkarya zilpiyoM kI AvazyakatA huI taba inheM jainAcAryoM dvArA prazikSaNa dekara taiyAra kiyA gayA / purAkIrti ke jo nidarzana Aja hameM prApta hote haiM vaha inhIM sarAka zilpiyoM ke haiM / isa

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232 jainatva jAgaraNa..... sandarbha meM mi. kUpalaiNDa ne likhA hai ___"...reference has already been made in an earlier chapter as the remnant of an archaic community (the Saraks) whose connection with the district must date back to the very earliest time." jhArakhaNDa ke buddhijIvI rAdhA govinda mAhAta apane "jhArakhaNDe dharmAntara abhiyAna 'o samAja saMskAra Andolana' nAmaka eka prabandha meM likhate haiM- "jo kucha ho, sarAka jAti ne jaina dharma grahaNa kiyA aura bahuta samaya taka isa aMcala meM dharma kI isa dIpazikhA ko prajjvalita rakhA / inake hAthoM nirmita jaina mandira evaM bhUprastara racita jaina mUrti sahita vibhinna deva-deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ Aja bhI bahuta jagaha vidyamAna haiM / tatkAlIna nirmita isakA bhASkarya zilpa vartamAna yuga ke manuSya ko bhI Azcarya cakita kara DAlatA hai kArIgaroM kI sUkSma nipuNatA dekhakara / " ___ yaha durbhAgyapUrNa hai ki jo bhUmi RSabhadeva ke samaya se 10vIM zatAbdI taka jaina saMskRti ke prabhAva meM rahI aura jahA~ lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM jaina dharmAnuyAyI the Aja vahA~ ke nivAsI jaina dharma kI mUla dhArA se alagaalaga par3a gaye / videzI AkramaNoM tathA kaThina viSaya paristhiyioM ke kAraNa jaina dharma kA hyasa hone lagA / kAlAntara meM jaina dharma virodhI pravAha meM araNyamaya rAr3ha baMga kI jaina mUrtiyA~ aura mandiroM ne kramazaH dharma vidveSI manuSyoM kI nirmama chenI aura hathaur3I ke AghAta se hindU saMskRti ke rUpa ko prApta kiyaa| sirpha puruliyA kI dharatI para itanI jaina mUrtiyoM kA milanA yaha jijJAsA utpanna karatA hai ki itanI jaina mUrtiyA~ yahA~ kahA~ se AyI ? jisake liye hama kaha sakate haiM ki yahA~ nizcita taura para bhASyakarya zilpa kalA aura mUrti nirmANa kI eka karmazAlA thI jisameM dakSa sarAka zilpIgaNa mUrti nirmANa karate the| prAcIna kAla meM tAmralipta bandaragAha se telakUpI hokara eka sthala patha dAmodara ko atikrama kara pATalIputra paryanta calA gayA thaa| isI patha se magadha sAmrAjya kA vyApAra cIna, jApAna, inDoneziyA, barmA, thAIlaiNDa

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stara GINRUT.... 233 Adi dezoM se hotA thA aura inhIM pathoM se videzoM meM bhI ina sarAka zilpiyoM dvArA banAI gayI mUrtiyA~ bhejI jAtI thI / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne ina pathoM kI khojakara inake viSaya meM likhA hai The Jain element is more prominently marked at some of the neighburing place, and there are very considerable remains also in other parts of the district, in some places purely Jain, in others Brahmanical, superimposed on or alongside early Jain remains. Mr. Beglar, who made a comprehensive study of these and similar remains from Tamluk to Patna and Gaya in 1862-63, propounds an interesting and fairly probable explanation of these numerous remains of an advanced civilisation in a part of the county so little known in later years, and which from its natural features could never have lent itself readily to any general state of civilisation in the early days from which these relics date. This theory is that there must have been regular routes between Tamluk (Tararalipta) a place of very early importance in the east, and Patna (Pataliputra), Gaya, Rajgir and Benares in the north and west. Among the routes which he traces, so far as this district is concerned, is that from Tamluk to Patna via Ghatal, Bishunpur, Chatna (in Bankura), Raghu-nath pur, Tailkupi, Jharia, Rajauli (Gaya) and Rajgir. According to tradition the temples at Telkupi are ascribed to merchants and not to Rajas or holy men, and the inference is that a large trading settlement sprung up at this point where the Damodar river would present, at any rate in the travellers and marchants. Another great route passing through this District would be more direct road to Benares marking the line of this are the extensive remains. Jain and Brahmanical, at Pakbira, Buddhpur and other places on the Kasai river near Manbazar;it would pass further west strike the subarnarekha river at or near Dalmi; Safarn and Suisa

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 234 on the same bank of the river, another Dalmi and other adjoining places on the west Bank, all contain traces of early Jain and Brahmanical civilisation, and Dalmi would certainly appear to have been a very considerable town. Further west, the route would pass Ranchi and Palamau where also there are remains. Gross roads connecting the main Benares and Gaya routes explain the large collection of remains in the neighbourhood of Pakbira and Buddhpur; from this point to Palganj the route is marked by ruins at Balarampur and Charra near Purulia, at Para, at Chechaongarh and various neighburing villages on the Damodar, and at Katras. Another route which Mr. Beglar has omitted, i.e. from Dalmi to Palganj, would after crossing the Ajodhya range pass Boram on the Kasai river where also there are extensive remains of about the same period as those at Dalmi. An intervening place on this routhe, Arsha Karandihi, also contains ruins which have not been examined. This route would, like the other, cross te Damodar near Chechangrh and find its way via Katras to Palganj. sarAkoM kA vaiziSTya :: sarAkoM kI viziSTatAe~ ullekhanIya haiM / madhyakAla meM vIra zaivoM ke upadravoM ke phalasvarUpa adhikAMza logoM ko atyAcAroM se bacane ke liye apane dharma ko parivartita karanA pdd'aa| isake bAvajUda inhoMne Aja bhI apanI prAcIna paramparAoM ko bacAkara rakhA hai / inakI kucha pramukha viziSTatAeM haiM jo hameM Aja bhI AkarSita karatI hai 1. 2. 3. yahA~ ke sarAkagaNa pUrNataH nirAmiSa bhojI haiM / sarAka striyA~ bhojana banAte samaya kATA zabda taka kA bhI vyavahAra nahIM karatIM / sarAka samAja kA koI bhI manuSya bhikSA vRtti ko nahIM apanAtA / svayaM ko nIca yA maryAdA rahita peze meM niyukta nahIM karate /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 4. 5. 235 sarAkoM kA koI bhI manuSya kisI bhI prakAra ke ghRNAtmaka aparAdha ke lie kabhI korTa se daNDita nahIM huA / arthAt ina logoM meM aparAdhiyoM kI saMkhyA nitAnta alpa yA nahIM hai bolane se bhI atyukti nahIM hogI / striyA~ khUba rakSaNazIla hotI haiN| kisI bhI prakAra se anya kisI jAti ke ghara khAdya grahaNa nahIM karatI; na hI vahA~ rAta vyatIta karatI haiM / isake atirikta ve loga camar3e kA jUtA nahIM pahanatI / I dharma parivartana hone para bhI ye loga 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke upAsaka hai tathA sammeta zikhara kI yAtrA karate haiM tathA jisa dizA meM sammeta zikhara hai usa dizA meM dhAna arpaNa karate haiM / 1863 vRSTAbda meM misTara I. Ti. DAlTana ne puruliyA kA sarAka prabhAvita grAma jhApar3A kA paridarzana kiyA / ve sarAka samAja ke manuSyoM ke AcAra-AcaraNa, rIti-nIti evaM unake vyavahAra para mugdha hokara likhate haiM- "They called themselves Saraks and they prided them selves on the fact that under our Government not one of their community had ever been convicted of a heinous crime." buddhi pravRttiyoM kI prazaMsA karate hue ve Age likhate haiM- "who (saraks) struck me as having a very respectable and intelligent appearence." sarAkoM ne apane una dinoM ke itihAsa ko Aja bhI banA rakhA hai ve eka suzrRMkhala jAti haiM / sarAka kAnUna ke anusAra calanA pasanda karate haiN| kisI bhI kAraNa se kisI dina bhI unhoMne sarakAra ke prati vidroha ghoSita nahIM kiyA / misTara DAlTana kA kathana hai- They are essentially a quiet and law-abiding community, living in peace among themselves and with their neighbours." 1 sarAka striyoM kI rIti-nIti batalAte samaya sara hArabarTa risale sarAkoM kI rasoI ghara kA varNana karate haiM / unhoMne sarAkoM kI ahiMsA dharma ke prati

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236 jainatva jAgaraNa.... niSThA aura satyatA ke viSaya meM likhA hai- "There name is a variant of Sravaka (Sanskrit hearer), the designation of the Jain laity; they are strictly vegetarians never eating flesh and on so account taking life and if in preparing their food any mention is made of the word 'cutting' the omen is deemed so disastrous that everything must be thrown away." jo vastu rakta-sIla lAla hotI hai sarAkagaNa vaha vastu khAnA pasanda nahIM karate / lAla puI, gAjara, lAla sIma Adi khAnA unameM niSedha hai / isake atirikta kukuramuttA, Dumura Adi padArthoM ko to rasoI ghara meM le jAnA hI manA hai| isa prasaMga meM eka sundara kahAvata pracalita hai| lokagIta ke aMzarUpa isa kahAvata meM kahA gayA umura Dumura puDaMga chAti, tina khAyanA sarAka jAti sarAkoM meM koI bhikSAvRtti kA AcaraNa nahIM karatA / phira inameM koI prazAsanika dAyitva para nahIM hai| inake samAja meM DaoNkTara, iMjIniyara, vicAraka Adi ucca padAdhikAriyoM kA bahuta abhAva hai / ataH Arthika dRSTi se ye pichar3e hue haiM / puruliyA ke sarAkoM meM jaise kheta majadUra, mila majadUra kama haiM, vaise hI DAkTaroM evaM vicArakoM kI saMkhyA bhI nagaNya hai| kintu, zikSaka haiM / yahA~ ke sarAkagaNa adhyApana kArya ko jIvana vrata ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiN| isake atirikta jilA ke pragatizIla kRSaka rUpa meM inakA bahuta nAma hai| sarAka samAja ke zilpa zramika vardhamAna jile meM adhika pAye jAte haiM / yahA~ ke sarAkoM kI Arthika sthiti bhI anya sarAkoM kI apekSA acchI hai| isa jile ke sarAka parivAra ke cAlIsa pratizata se bhI jyAdA sadasya durgApura Asanasola ke zilpa aMcala aura koyale kI khAna meM naukarI karate haiN| dUsarI ora bAMkur3A meM mAtra dasa pratizata aura saMthAla paraganA meM bAIsa pratizata logoM ne naukarI pezA grahaNa kiyA hai / bA~kur3A jilA aura saMthAla paraganA ke sarAka logoM kI kRSi Aya pahale kI apekSA kama ho gayI hai|

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 237 kRSi kArya meM bekArI bar3ha jAne se pahale jo parivAra pIche utpanna dhAnya kA parimANa 30 kvInTala thA vaha Aja kama hote hue 18 kvInTala raha gayA hai / janasaMkhyA meM vRddhi ho jAne se prati vyakti ke hisAba se jamIna kA parimANa bhI kama ho gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ ke sarAka naukarI meM adhika jAne lage haiM / I I vardhamAna jile meM zikSitoM kI saMkhyA kAphI acchI hai usI prakAra vyakti pIche Aya bhI anya jile ke sarAkoM se adhika hai / bA~kur3A ke sarAkoM kI Arthika avasthA ekadama acchI nahIM hai / bA~kur3A, vardhamAna aura saMthAla paraganA meM sarAkoM kI janasaMkhyA ke 35 pratizata manuSya rahate haiM / puruliyA meM 50 pratizata aura vIrabhUma medinIpura evaM rA~cI siMhabhUma aMcala meM mAtra 15 pratizata sarAka rahate haiM / meM eka sarAka samAja ke kucha utsAhI yuvakoM ne gaira sarakArI rUpa se sarAka samAja kI janagaNanA kA kArya kiyA thA / unakI gaNanA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki sarAkoM kI kula saMkhyA 35981 huI thI / yaha durbhAgyapUrNa hai ki vIrabhUma aura medinIpura jile ke sarAkagaNa vilupta prAya: hai / aura jo vahA~ bace hai ve loga apanA sva vaiziSTya surakSita nahIM rakha sake / aneka sthAnoM meM ve anya jAtiyoM meM mila gae / sarAkoM kA dharma parivartana : hindU dharma kI ora se ina sarAkoM para kama atyAcAra nahIM hue / una atyAcAroM kA varNana meM milatA hai havenasAMga likhita vivaraNa meM / rAjA zazAMka ke viSaya meM havenasAMga ne likhA hai ki zazAMka ne gayA ke bodhivRkSa ko ukhar3avA diyA, pATalIputra meM buddha ke pada cinha aMkita eka patthara ko gaMgA meM phikavA diyA, kuzI nagara ke vihAra se bauddhoM ko mArapITa kara nikAla diyA / gayA ke eka mandira se buddha mUrti ko haTAkara vahA~ zivamUrti sthApita karane kA Adeza diyA | havenasAMga bauddha the / ataH unhoMne bauddhoM para kie gae atyAcAroM kA varNana kiyA, jainoM ke viSaya meM nahIM likhA / phira bhI isase yaha anumAna to ho hI jAtA hai ki bauddha vihAra aura jaina mandira

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jainatva jAgaraNa... 238 donoM hI zazAMka ke utpIr3ana se nahIM baca sake the| Arya maMjuzrI mUla kalpa meM kahA gayA hai ki rAjA zazAMka ne bauddha aura jaina donoM ko hI utpIr3ita kiyA thA / isa utpIr3ana kA itihAsa zAyada nahIM likhA gayA ho, kintu vahA~ ke vinaSTa mandira aura mUrtiyA~ jo sAkSya de rahI hai use dekhate hue bhI yaha kahanA ki kAlA pahAr3a loka yaha saba kArya kiyA, ucita nahIM hai / dhArApATa ke mandira kA hI dRSTAnta lIjie / isa mandira kA jo sabase adhika lakSanIya hai ve haiM zikhara nibaddha tIna mUrtiyA~, usameM eka hai vAsudeva kI, anya do hai jaina tIrthaMkara AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI / ina donoM mUrtiyoM ko dekhakara lagatA hai ki sudUra atIta meM yahA~ yA isake AsapAsa kisI samaya eka jaina dharma kA kendra thA / vartamAna mandira ke prAyaH 200 gaja dakSiNa pazcima meM khUba bar3e TIle ke Upara mAkar3A patthara kA eka prAcIna Amalaka Adi kA bhagnAMza bikharA huA milatA hai / sambhavataH yaha usa samaya jaina mandira thA / usa mandira ke ulpIDana ke pazcAt isa devAlaya ko kendra kara eka vAsudeva upAsanA kA kendra khar3A ho gayA / usakA eka mAtra pramANa uparokta mandira kI vAsudeva mUrti hI nahIM samIpa ke dAlAna meM manasA nAma se upAsita pArzvanAtha kI karIba 4 phuTa U~cI mUrti bhI hai / vastuta: isa jaisI kautUhaloddIpaka aura sAtha-sAtha vedanAdAyaka mUrti pazcima baMgAla kI mUrtiyoM meM adhika nahIM haiM / nAgachatradhArI (isIlie manasA meM rUpAntarita) pArzvanAtha mUrti ke pIche vAle prastara para gadAcakradhArI do hAtha jor3a die gae aura lakSmI sarasvatI kI prathAgata do mUrtiyA~ bhI utkIrNa kara dI gayI hai / karnala DAlTana aura begalara ne vistRta rUpa se prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai ki kisa prakAra zAnti priya sarAka jAti ke Upara sAtavIM zatAbdI meM brAhmaNoM aura unake anuyAyiyoM dvArA atyAcAra hue aura unheM yahA~ se sthAna palAyana karanA par3A / punaH 10vIM aura 16vIM zatAbdI meM brAhmaNoM aura bhUmijoM dvArA sarAka saMskRti aura unake nidarzanoM ko jar3a se ukhAr3ane kA Sar3ayaMtra kiyA gayA / Combining Colone! Dalton's and Mr. Beglar's theories

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tra GIURUT..... 239 we should get a long period of peaceful occupation of various centres by the Jains or Saraks left undisturbed by the Bhumij settlers whose advent must have been some time before Vir's travels. The Saraks must have been superseded some time before the 7th century by Brahmans and their followers; such of them as survived or resisted conversion migrating to places away from the existing civilised centres where they remained unmolested by their Bhumij neighbours. The 10th century, judging by such of the buildings as it is possible to date with any accuracy, saw the Brahmans at their prime, and same time between that and the 16th century the Bhumij, possible assisted by fresh migrations from the west and north must have risen and destroyed them root and branch. The destruction of the Hindu temples is ordinarily ascribed to Muhammadans but, so far as this area is concerned, there is no trace, not even in tradition, of any invasion Mr. Beglar draws a similar inference from two inscriptions founded by him at Gondwana en route from Barabazar to Chaibasa, the earlier of which, though not interpretable, from the 6th or 7th century and the later to the 15th or 16th; the later Banjara which read with the evidence of earlier use of the route to be inferred from the other inscriptions, suggests a period of 500 years or more during which trade along this route was stopped, and considering the reputation of the Bhumij in later years. it is hardly surprising that if the existing civilization was forcibly uprooted, it would be long before the country would be even comparatively safe for the ordinary traveller. lambe samaya taka brAhmaNa aura kaTTara hindU samAja ke logoM kA atyAcAra sahana karane ke phalasvarUpa sarAka sampradAya rAjAoM kA Azraya prApta karane meM saphala huA / kavi kaMkaNa caNDI ke yuga meM vargI Agamana kAla taka

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240 jainatva jAgaraNa.... sarAkagaNa vibhinna rAjAoM ke Azraya meM nivAsa karate rahe / dhalabhUma meM rAjA mAnasiMha ke Azraya meM bahuta sI sarAka prajA nivAsa karatI thii| rAjA mAnasiMha ke sAtha sarAkoM ke sambandha kharAba nahIM the, phira bhI eka samaya rAjA mAnasiMha ke sarAka parivAra kI kisI eka lar3akI ke sAtha abhadra vyavahAra karane ke kAraNa sarAkagaNa unase virakta ho gae the evaM prativAda svarUpa dala ke dala loga siMhabhUma kA parityAga kara pAMceta aMcala meM Akara basane lage / satya aura niSThAvAna sarAka jAti jisa prakAra anyAya karatI nahIM hai usI prakAra anyAya ko sahana bhI nahIM kara pAtI haiM / uparyukta ghaTanA sarAkoM kI isI manaHsthiti ko prakaTa karatI hai / isI aitihAsika ghaTanA kI satyatA svIkAra kara misTara kupalaiNDa likhate haiM- They (Saraks) first settled near Dhalbhum in the estate of a certain Man Raja. They subsequently moved in a body to Panchet in consequence of an outrage contemplated by Man Raja on a girl belonging to their caste." dhalabhUma se sthAna parivartana ke pazcAt sarAkagaNoM kI yaha zAkhA paMcakoTa ke rAjA ke Azrita hokara rahane lagI / yahA~ una logoM ne jaina dharma parityAga kara vaiSNava dharma grahaNa kara liyA / ve bhI aba hinduoM kI bhAti padavI, gotra evaM brAhmaNa purohita prApta karane lge| . sarAkoM kA jaina dharma se hindU dharma meM parivartita ho jAne ke pIche eka Azcarya janaka itihAsa hai / yaha samaya baMgAla meM vargI AkramaNa kara kAla thA / usa samaya kAzIpura ke rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI paMcakoTa pahADa kI talahaTI meM thI / vargI AkramaNa se saMkaTagrasta rAjaparivAra ke kisI eka zizu putra ko chipAkara sarAka samAja ke kisI eka vyakti ne usake prANa bacAe the| phira kucha bar3A hone para rAjaparivAra ke isa bacce ke unhoMne punaH lauTA diyA thA / isI ke pratidAna meM sarAkoM ko bhI hinduoM kI bhAti maryAdA aura sammAna prApta huA / kRSi yogya bhUmi dekara rAjaparivAra ke logoM ne sarAkoM ko pragatizIla evaM dakSa kRSakoM meM rUpAntarita kara diyA | isa prasaMga meM misTara kupalaiNDa kA kathana hai

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 241 In Manbhum it is said they were not served by Brahmins of any kind until they were provided with a priest by a former Raja of Panchet as a reward for a service rendered to him by a Sarak who concealed him when his country was invaded by the Bargis i.e. the Marathas." paravartI kAla meM paMcakoTa se Ae sarAkagaNa cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hokara sthAna-sthAna para bikhara ge| . jina logoM ko paMcakoTa ke rAjAoM ne jamIna Adi dI ve to paMcakoTa aMcala meM hI raha gae evaM unheM 'paMcakoTiyA' kahA jAne lagA / * jo loga dAmodara nadI ke usa pAra vardhamAna jile meM cale gae, unheM 'nadI pAriyA' aura jo vIrabhUma cale gae unheM 'vIrabhUmiya' * jo rA~cI jile ke tAmbe vAle paraganA meM cale gae ve kahalAe "taamaariiy"| * isake atirikta viSNupura aMcala ke jo sarAkagaNa usa samaya vastra zilpa meM niyukta the unheM kahA jAtA thA- sarAkI tAMtI / paravartI kAla meM sarAkagaNa aura bhI kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gae / inameM azvinI, tAMtI, pAtra, uttarakUpI evaM mAndArAnI ullekha yogya hai / saMthAla paraganA ke sarAka logoM ko isa samaya phUla sarAkI, zikhariyA, kAndAlA evaM sarAkI tAMtI kahA jAtA hai| sarAkagaNa jAti kI dRSTi se tAMtI nahIM the aura na hI tAMta zilpa meM niyukta the unheM pezAgata kAraNa se sarAkI tAMtI kahA jAtA thA / pAMceta aMcala ke sarAkagaNa to eka lambe samaya se hI kRSi karma meM niyukta haiN| vartamAna kAla meM sarAkoM se hamArA yaha paricaya yaha jijJAsA jarUra utpanna karatA hai ki jisa jAti kA caritra itanA unnatazIla hai, jinakI eka viziSTa saMskRta hai, dharma parivartana ke bAvajUda jinhoMne apanI jIvana zailI meM prAcIna jaina paramparAoM ko Aja taka saheja kara rakhA hai unheM hama itane dinoM taka kaise bhUle rahe / isa viSaya meM rAjya ke adhikAriyoM kA mAnanA hai ki pUjI kA abhAva isakA kAraNa hai / jabaki itihAsakAra bI. ena. mukhopAdhyAya ke anusAra zodha kartAoM kI kamI tathA ruci nA honA bhI isakA kAraNa hai / "Even researchers are Losing interest gradually. A few years ago I urged a young scholar to study the structure and conduct a research. However he soon got a job

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242 jainatva jAgaraNa..... somewhere and left. After our generation there will be few people intersted in studing such things." rADha deza meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa sambandhI zodha kAryoM kA kisa kAraNa se itihAsakAroM ne Aja taka upekSA karate rahe haiM / yaha bahuta mahatvapUrNa prazna hai kyoMki bhAratIya itihAsa meM jaina aitihAsika tathyoM kI jitanI upekSA huI hai utanI zAyada kisI kI bhI nahIM huii| aneka rAjAoM, gaNataMtra ke pramukhoM; jaina senApatiyoM, sArthavAhoM ne yA to gAyaba kara diyA hai yA parivartita kara diyA hai / isa sandarbha meM DaoN. DI. sI. sena kI kitAba vRhatabaMga meM likhA hai "The Brabhmin were responsible for wiping out Jainism from Bengal. Jain temples were converted into Hindu temples and even some of the deities who were widely worshipped were given Hindu names and worshipped as Hindu Gods without acknowledgement of their Jaina origin. isa kSetra meM bhramaNa ke bAda isa kathana kI satyatA ujAgara hotI hai ki kisa prakAra jaina dharma virodhI pravAha meM eka prAcIna saMskRti ko naSTa kara use jIvanta samAdhi de dI gayI / saMskRti kI jIvanta samAdhi : baMgAla sImAnta pradezoM meM vizeSakara jo bihAra aura ur3IsA se saMlagna hai vahA~ para jaina dharma kI jar3e bahuta hI prAcIna aura gaharI hai jinake sAkSya nidarzana ke rUpa meM Aja bhI usa kSetra meM sarvatra vikhare par3e haiM / bhArata kI AjAdI ke bAda sabase jyAdA agara koI purAtatva sAmagrI kI avahelanA huI hai to vaha jaina purAtatva hI hai| videzoM meM hama dekhate haiM ki eka choTI sI choTI prAcIna vastu ko bhI surakSita karake rakhate haiM aura usakI prAcInatA para garva mahasUsa karate haiN| isake viparIta hamArI sarakAra aura purAtatva vibhAga prAcIna nidarzanoM kA saMrakSaNa to dUra unako naSTa karane ke prayAsa meM sahayogI avazya bana rahe haiM / unameM prAcIna nidarzanoM kA saMrakSaNa karane kI icchA zakti kA abhAva spaSTa dikhAI detA hai / ekAMgI vicAradhArA ke poSaka isa

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 243 vibhAga kI anadekhI ke kAraNa saikar3oM nidarzana abhI taka naSTa ho gaye hai aura saikar3oM naSTa hone ke kagAra meM hai / isase zarmanAka sthiti hamAre liye aura kyA ho sakatI hai ki hama apanI ati prAcIna amUlya virAsata ko saMbhAla nahIM pA rahe haiM / svataMtratA ke bAda dAmodara nadI para jo bAMdha banAye gaye usameM saikar3oM nidarzana naSTa ho cuke haiM / (san 1969 I. meM pA~ceta Daima ke nirmANa ke samaya 20 prAcIna maMdira naSTa ho gaye / 1985 I. meM suvarNa rekhA nadI para cAMdila Daima kA nirmANa huA aura 26 maMdira jala ke garbha meM samA gaye / akele cAMdila Daima ke antargata 100 gA~va DUba gaye jinameM jaina rAjA vikramAditya kI janmasthalI bhI thI / sthAnIya gA~va vAsiyoM dvArA jamazedapura ke Aboriginal Society for Art and Recreation ke antargata aneka tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ko le jAkara surakSita rakhA / icchAgar3ha, dulamI tathA kucha gAMva kI anya mUrtiyoM ko bhI Irrigation Department ke eka choTe se saMgrahAlaya meM rakhA gayA / isa viSaya meM eka riporTa meM likhA hai ki In the Lower Damodar Valley there is the problem of destruction of ancient Jain temples in the score from flooding in dams such as the Panchet Dam on the river Damodar (1969), without recording over 26 temples and Chandil Dam on the river Suvarnarekha, (1985) 20 temples on more (Mitra 1969). The Chandil Dam alone drowned over a hundred villages in the birth-land of Vikramaditya the great Jain King, without archeological salvage operations. Local villagers under the umbrella of the Aboriginal Society for Art and Recreation, Jamshedpur, managed to save scores of statues of Tirthankaras, and other granite and sand-stone statuary from Ichagarh, Dulmi, and a few adjoining villages, which are preserved in a small museum built by the Irrigation Department near the Chandil Dam. Chandil was also found to be a major Palaecolithic site (Ghose 1970). This is an area of immense cultural and

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244 jainatva jAgaraNa..... archaeological importance that has wilfully been flooded without any proper scientific examination. Hundreds of statues have reportedly disappeared from Ichagarh. The recurrent feature of destructive development is the lack of any investigation by the archaeological authorities. pAMceta Daima ke viparIta dizA meM mAithana Daima kA nirmANa kiyA gayA jisameM aneka mahatvapUrNa maMdira vilIna ho gaye / barAkara nadI para banA yaha maMdira tilAyA Daima se hotA huA hajArIbAga taka gayA hai jo eka prAcIna tIrthayAtrA patha thaa| pUrva meM pAvApurI se saMthAla paraganA tathA pazcima meM zAhabAda tk| ye patha Asanasola meM jI. TI. roDa se milakara siMhabhama hotA haA dakSiNa ur3IsA taka gayA hai| tilAyA Daima ke antargata anaginata jaina jinadarzana pAnI meM samA gaye jisakA Aja koI lekhA-jokhA nahIM hai / .. isa prakAra dAmodara vailI kaoNrporezana ke antargata sAta bA~dha jinameM tilAyA Daima, konAra Daima, pattharATu Daima, mAithana Daima, lAlapAniyAM Daima, pAceta Daima, tenUghATa Daima, aura durgApura bAMdha ke nirmANa meM hajAroM gA~va jalamagna ho gaye / sirpha icchA Daima ke nirmANa meM sattAsI gA~va jalamagna hue jo jaina dharma ke pramukha kendra sthala the / ina DaimoM ke alAvA koyalA khadAnoM meM se koyalA nikAlane ke liye aneka varSoM taka Aga jalane ke kAraNa dAmodara ke nicale kSetra meM bAr3ha kA prakopa bar3hane ke kAraNa usakA prabhAva bokAro aura dhanabAda ke jaina nidarzanoM para to par3A hI sAtha sAtha govAI, kasAI, kaMsAvatI aura suvarNarekhA nadiyAM jo mAnabhUma sarAIkelA kharasAvana, puruliyA, aura siMhabhUma jiloM se hokara bahatI hai vahA~ ke nidarzanoM para bhI par3A / vartamAna meM dAmodara nadI ghATI ke U~ce ghATa uttarI karanapura ghATI para nirmita bAMdha supara tharamala pAvara projekTa ke kAraNa sattara koyale kI khAnoM ke sAtha sAtha 200 gA~va ko jo prAgaitihAsika kAla aura mauryakAla kI pASANa kalA ke zramaNa saMskRti prabhAvI kSetra hai, abhI naSTa hone kI kagAra para hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ eka ora Adhunika bhArata ke

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... nirmANa kI bAta karate haiM vahIM dUsarI ora apanI prAcIna sAMskRtika virAsata ko ina vikAsazIla pariyojanAoM ke jarie naSTa karane para ko Atura hai / 245 The Jain and Buddhist heritage of Jharkhand and neighbouring West Bengal has been wilfully destroyed by so-called development projects such as big dams and mining in modern India. This heritage constitutes the most flawless traditions of sculpture found anywhere in the country. This is an interesting area of study for ethnographers for the Bhumij culture of Manbhum in Jharkhand in contact with Santal culture in Bengal during the revival of Jainism and Buddhism during the Pala Period 9th - 12th centuries. The two great religions of India, Jainism and Buddhism were traced in the Damodar Valley which became the site of India's first great industrial model project (DVC) in 1947. asurakSita kSetra : arasA ( mAnabhUma ) : borama ke dakSiNa pUrva cAra mIla dUra para kasAI nadI ke pAsa sthita hai | yahA~ aneka jaina maMdiroM ke avazeSa dikhAI par3ate haiM / I isa anA : karacA gA~va se tIna mIla tathA puruliyA se kucha dUra para gA~va meM aneka jaina maMdiroM ke khaNDahara Aja bhI par3e hue haiM / balarAmapura yaha puruliyA ke dakSiNa pUrva meM cAra mIla dUra meM avasthita hai / 1866 meM karnala DAlTana ne yahAM do vizAla tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai jinheM unhoMne dekhA thA / varadA : telakUpI se dakSiNa pazcima meM cha: mIla dUrI para sthita isa kSetra meM pA~ceta Daima ke nirmANa ke pUrva jaina maMdira the / buddhapura : ye pakavIrA ke pAsa sthita hai / yahA~ anekoM jaina mUrtiyA~ milI jinameM adhikAMza vahA~ ke loga uThAkara le gaye / bilauMjiyA : ye cecegA~va gar3ha se do mIla dakSiNa meM dAmodara nadI

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jainatva jAgaraNa.. 246 ke kinAre sthita hai / vegalara ne 1872-73 meM yahA~ kA paridarzana kiyA tathA apanI riporTa meM yahA~ ke solaha jaina maMdiroM kA varNana kiyA hai| jisakI zilpa ke viSaya meM vaigalara ne inakI tulanA khajurAo aura udayapura ke maMdiroM se kI hai / borama : ye kaMsAvatI nadI ke dakSiNa kinAre para sthita hai / yahA~ jaina maMdiroM ke anaginata khaMDahara dekhane ko milegeM / yahA~ kI mUrtiyoM kI sAmyatA mistra kI mUrtiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai / bhavAnIpura : puruliyA se kucha dUra aura kaccA gA~va ke pAsa isa gA~va meM RSabhanAtha aura padmAvatI - dharaNendra kI mUrtiyA~ pAyI gayI hai / cAMdI : suvarNa rekhA nadI ke pula ke pAsa eka maMdira ke avazeSa dikhAI dete haiM / candana kyArI : puruliyA ke kucha mIla dUra para sthita isa kSetra meM anekAneka jaina mUrtiyA~ pAyI gayI hai / isake pAsa hI kumhArI aura kumAra DAgA meM bhI prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ milI hai / char3arA : puruliyA se 4 mIla dUra kasAI nadI para barAkara jAne vAle rAste para avasthita hai | 1872-73 meM jaba vegalara yahA~ AyA to usane bahuta sAre vistRta zilpakalA yukta jaina maMdira, mUrtiyA~ dekhe the / jile ke gejeTiyara meM sAta maMdira yahA~ the isakA varNana hai / AraDI vanarjI dvArA pA~ca mandira dekhe gaye the / pA~ca bar3I tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ yahA~ se nikalI hai / yahA~ do mIla dUra golAmArA meM bhI jaina nidarzana pAye gaye haiM / 1 I isI prakAra deulabhirA, dulamI, devalI, devalI, guhiyApAla, icchAgar3ha, pATakU, pavanapura, pakavIrA, paTamadA, suisA, rAlIberA, tuisAmA Adi aneka kSetroM meM jaina nidarzana bikhare par3e hue hai / jinameM se aneka jala meM samA gaye hai yA phira gAyaba kara diye gaye / Aja bhI agara vahA~ jAe to gA~va ke bIca meM, caurAhoM meM, per3oM ke nIce, khule rAste para, dhane jaMgaloM ke bIca jaina nidarzana avahelita par3e dekhane ko milege / eka eka sthAna para to bhagna aura jIrNa jaina maMdiroM kI IMToM se gA~va ke makAnoM ko nirmita kiyA

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 247 gayA hai| pUre gA~va ke makAnoM meM maMdiroM kI IMTeM vyavahAra meM lAyI gayI hai| kisa taraha jaina saMskRti kA hAsa huA isakA eka udAharaNa telakUpI kA hai| jahA~ dAmodara nadI para pAMceta Daima ke nirmANa ke samaya bIsa prAcIna maMdira pAnI ke garta meM cale gaye / durbhAgyavaza bhArata ke tatkAlIna pradhAnamaMtrI paM. javAharalAla neharU kI yaha svapnapariyojanA ke rUpa meM bhArata kA pahalA sabase bar3A audyogika projekTa thA jo zurU huaa| para vAstava meM ye pariyojanA thI prAcIna virAsata kA samApta karake vikAsazIla yojanA kAryAnvita karane kI / For the archaeological heritage of Jharkhand it was a catastrophe apart from the human and ecological aspects. Hundreds of villages were submerged in over six large dams and thousand of smaller dams. Like the TVA the DVC ignored the territorial rights of Indigenous societies who had lived on the land ancestrally. 1957 meM vahA~ ke sthAnIya logoM meM dAmodara meM bAr3ha kI AzaMkA ko dekhakara archeological research of India Kolkata ko sUcita kiyA aura mandiroM ko sthAnAntarita karane ko kahA lekina ASI kI niSkriyatA ke kAraNa mandira DUba gaye / sAkSya ke lie raha gaye hamAre pAsa 187273 meM begalara ke liye citra aura 1929 meM bosa ke liye citra / ASI ke D.G. ne jaba vahA kA bhramaNa kiyA to unake sAtha Dr Mrs. Debala Mitra bhI gayI / vahA~ unhoMne sthAnIya logoM se bhairava sthAna ke mandiroM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI lI aura unake viSaya meM likhA / san 1960 kI phoTo seyaha patA calatA hai ki usa samaya jo mandira pAnI ke kinAre the vaha acchI hAlata meM the aura unheM sthAntarita kiyA jA sakatA thA / lekina adhikAriyoM kI dUradarzitA aura nikammepana ke kAraNa yaha nahIM kiyA gyaa| phalasvarUpa 1962 ke citroM se yaha patA calatA hai ki ye mandira bhI pAnI meM cale gaye / cAlIsa sAla bAda cAMdila Daima ke nirmANa ke samaya bhI aisA hI huA /

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248 tra HIRUT..... The Director General of the ASI visited the Telkupi site with Dr. Mrs. Debala Mitra and they went to Bhairavasthan and according to Mitra in the Preface to her monograph on Telkupi (1969) they learned locally that most of the temples and the greater part of the village had gone under water and find only the tops of Temples 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15 and 16 protruding above the waters of the Damodar, and temples 17 and 18 standing at the edge of the water. The Eastern Circle photos of 1960 show the temples mentioned above standing above the water in fairly reasonable condition on dry land, there was still a chance to remove the temples. In the photograph of Archaeology, the temples are submerged. What happened could only be the result of extreme negligence, and callousness on the part of the development authorities. This should not have occurred again. But in the Chandil Dam on the Suvarnarekha river this is precisely what happened nearly forty years later. The West Bengal Goverment was thereafter asked to order the dewatering of the area so that the Temples could at least be examind and possible translocation considered. But it was too late and the authorities concerned considered dewatering the area impractical and the most priceless Jain temple architecture of Jharkhand and West Bengal was needlessly destroyed and became "The Ghost Temples of Telkup." opel Rey en foto Archeological Survey of India, Kolkata ne ina nidarzanoM ko surakSita rakhane kI pahala nahIM kI / kyoM pazcima baMgAla kI sarakAra ne isakI anadekhI kii| bhArata kI saMskRti kI eka mUlyavAna dharohara ko isa taraha khuleAma naSTa ho jAne kyoM diyA gayA ? sirpha kucha hI mUrtiyoM ko dAmodara ke pAnI se nikAlA gayA bAkI saba pAnI meM baha gayI / isase koI sabaka kyoM nahIM liyA gyaa|

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 249 I ye purAtAtvika avazeSa gavAha hai hamAre pUrvajoM kI anupama zilpa nirmANa dakSatA ke, jinhoMne apanI nipuNatA se gar3hA thA una sarvajJa mahApuruSoM kI vItarAgI mudrA ko, jIvanta kara diyA thA adhyAtmika parAkASThA ke ina yogiyoM ko / ina amUlya nidarzanoM ko Aja prakRti ne nahIM DaMsA hai, DaMsA hai unhIM manuSyoM ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne apane niSThura kriyA kalApoM se, vidveSa kI bhAvanA se aura DaMsA hai paraspara antaHkalaha ne / kyA 2600 sAla pahale hamAre bhItara koI bheda the / to apane pUrvajoM kI virAsata ko saMrakSita rakhane meM bheda-bhAva kyoM ? ekatA kA abhAva hameM kamajora banA gayA hai| dhana kA abhAva kAraNa nahIM hamArI mAnasika vikRttiyoM kA hai / nitya naye naye maMdira aura naI naI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa ho rahA hai / kyA unakA bhaviSya bhI isI prakAra nahIM hogA ? yadi hama ekajuTa hokara apanI aitihAsika virAsata ko saMrakSaNa de to `rAjya sarakAra, bhArata sarakAra, yadi anasunI bhI kare to varlDa heriTeja meM jA sakate haiM / 16vIM, 17vIM aura 18vIM sadI kI imArate varlDa heriTeja ke antargata saMrakSita hai to yaha to atyanta purAnI saMpadA hai para jarurata hai eka bulanda AvAja kI / ye prAcIna mUlyavAna dharohare hameM pukAra rahI hai aura hamaM mUkabadhira bane tamAzA dekha rahe haiM / niSkriya hai hamArA samAja jo dekhakara bhI anadekhI karate haiM / abhI bhI samaya hai, hameM cetanA hogA tAki bacI huI virAsata ko saheja ske| jina tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA, vaMdanA aura arcanA hama karate haiM jinake upadezoM ko hama sunate haiM, jinake dikhAye hue patha para calanA cAhate haiM una ahiMsA ke pujAriyoM ke samakSa dI jA rahI hiMsaka bali bhI hamAre mana mastiSka ke kapATa nahIM khola pA rahI hai kyA kAraNa hai| yaha bahuta jvalanta prazna hai jisakA jabAva hameM apane itihAsa meM se hI khojanA par3egA / Aja jo samRddhavAna hai aura jo prAcIna samaya meM samRddhavAna the unakI mAnasikatA meM bhI gaharA antara spaSTa dikhAyI par3atA hai / yaha sarvavidita hai ki baMgAla aura bihAra prAcIna samaya se atyanta samaddhazAlI kSetra the jisakA pramukha kAraNa zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva thA / jainettara granthoM meM ina kSetroM meM brAhmaNoM kA jAnA varjita thA / Rgveda meM bhI ina kSetroM kI samRddhi kA

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jainatva jAgaraNa.... 250 ullekha milatA hai / yahA~ para vrAtya kSatriyoM kA rAjya thA, zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhutva thA, jainAcAryoM dvArA logoM ko vibhinna prakAra kI kalA kI zikSA dekara dakSa banAyA jAtA thA / usa samaya eka bhI gA~va yA zahara aisA nahIM thA jahA~ sAdhAraNa janatA ke aMga meM alaMkAra na ho, jo zramaNa saMskRti kI samRddhi kA mahatvapUrNa paricAyaka thA / bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM, zAsakoM, zreSThiyoM aura sAdhAraNa logoM ke jIvana caritra ke varNana meM isakI jhalaka dikhAI par3atI hai / eka uccakoTi kA zrAvaka bhI apane kAryakalApoM se apane yahA~ rojagAra karane vAle logoM kI sukha-suvidhA aura jIvana yApana kA dhyAna rakhatA thA tathA unakA stara U~cA uThAne ke liye prayatnazIla rahatA thA / yahI vAstavika kAraNa thA yahA~ kI samRddhi kA / bAda meM yahI samRddhi bAharI jAtiyoM ke AkarSaNa kA kendra banI evaM yahA~ Agamana kA jariyA banI / Rgveda meM varNana hai ki yahA~ kI sampadA aura samRddhi ko har3apane ke liye kisa taraha isa kSetra meM AkramaNa kiyA gayA aura jaba sahajatA se nahIM jIta sake to jItane ke liye dUsare upAya kiye gaye aura dhokhe se AkramaNa kara vidhvaMsa kiyA | isa aMcala meM dhAtu kI pracuratA hone ke kAraNa svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha AzA kI jA sakatI hai ki dhAtu-yuga ke sUtrapAta ke samaya se hI yahA~ eka samRddha dhAtu sabhyatA kI sthApanA huI thii| jisake kAraNa yahA~ ke nivAsI usa samaya ke bhAratavarSa ke anya aMcaloM ke nivAsiyoM kI tulanA meM Arthika rUpa se kahIM adhika sampanna the / inakI sampadA evaM samRddhi ke lie saptasindhu ke vaidika AryoM kI IrSyA va dveSa tathA inakI dhana-sampati hathiyAne ke lie saptasindhu ke nivAsiyoM ne AkramaNa kiyA / Rgveda saMhitA para dRSTipAta karane para eka jAti vizeSa hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karatI hai jo hiraNya aura maNi dvArA zobhAyamAna thI / vyavasAya meM dakSa, jo rUpa aura santAna para garva karatI hai, jo dhanI, jo khAne-pAne meM rucisampanna, jo dhana kI khoja meM sAmudrika yAtrA karate, lekina ve indra ko nahIM mAnate, jo devahIna the, yajJovihIna, jo deva nindaka, jo RSiyoM ko dAna nahIM dete, jinakA darzana bhI devavihIna hai /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 251 saptasindhu ke vaidika gaNoM kA rukha inake prati zatrutApUrNa thA / phira bhI ve loga apanI zArIrika zakti ke dvArA unakI koI kSati karane meM bhI samartha nahIM the aura nirUpAya hokara Izvara se prArthanA karate- jo loga dhanadhAna karate haiM unakA saMhAra karo, jo hamAre viruddha AcaraNa kara hamAre Upara astroM kA prahAra karate haiM ve hamAre mAlika (prabhu) na hoM, RSiyoM ke prati dveSa rakhane vAloM ko apanA kopa-bhAjana banAo / jo vrata rahita haiM aura jo somAbhiSeka nahIM karate unakA badha karo, yajJa-parAyaNa ko yajJa hIno kA dhana prApta ho, jo homa nahIM karate ve balahIna hoM, jo veda se bhinna vrata pAlana kareM ve tumhAre dvArA daNDita hoM, devahInoM aura virodhiyoM kA vadha karoM. paNiyoM kA nAza karo ityAdi vividha taraha kI vyAkulatA pUrvaka kI gayI prArthanA Rgveda meM milatI hai jisase yaha sandeha hotA hai ki Rgveda kA yaha prAkRtika rUpa hai yA vikRtipUrNa rUpa kyoMki jo apane zrama se apane uddezya kA siddhi kara sakatA hai usI uddezya ko vaikalpita rUpa se devatAoM ke dvArA siddha karAne kI vyavasthA kI tarapha logoM ko pravRtta karanA parokSarUpa se zrama vimukha karanA hai . Rgveda meM ina samRddha manuSyoM ko sAdhAraNatayA paNi nAma se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| ina samRddhazAlI paNiyoM se hI sambhavataH hamArI prAcIna mudrA kA nAma paNa evaM vANijya saMsAra kA nAma paNya huA / isI se samajhA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratavarSa ke prAcIna yuga meM mudrA dhAtu ke nirmANa ke lie Avazyaka tAmra dhAtu sampadA adhikAra meM thI evaM bhAratavarSa kI tatkAlIna artha vyavasthA meM inakI mudrAoM kA atyadhika mahatva thaa| cUMki sAdhAraNataH dhAtu sampanna loga hamezA hI kRSi para Azrita logoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika samRddha evaM sampanna hote haiN| isIlie paNa yA mudrA samRddha paNigaNa saptasindhu ke (kRSa-nirbhara) logoM kI tulanA meM samRddha hote the aura yahI IrSyA va dveSa kA kAraNa thA / Rgveda meM prAyaH pratyeka saptasiddha RSi-muniyoM kI muktiyoM meM paNiyoM kA ullekha avazya hai evaM inako vaza meM karane ke uddezya se Rgveda meM samagra eka sUkti kI racanA kI gaI hai / saptasindhu ke vaidika AryoM ke

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252 jainatva jAgaraNa..... sAtha paNiyoM kA saMgharSa dIrghasthAyI hone para bhI vaidika gaNa ina logoM ko sirpha eka bAra parAjita karane meM saphala hue the evaM bahu pratIkSita isa vijaya ko cirasmaraNIya karane ke uddezya se unhoMne Rgveda meM prAyaH eka hI taraha ke zabdoM se vijaya gAthA kI racanA kI hai / isa yuddha ke AghAta se paNi loga bahuta hI thor3e samaya meM phira se ubara gaye aura punaH apane vaibhava ko prApta kiye| isa adhyayana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki Rgveda kI racanA se pahale hI isa aMcala meM eka unnatazIla saMskRti aura yajJa virodhI darzana sthApita thA / jise hama zramaNa yA nirgrantha dharma bhI kaha sakate haiM / unakI samRddhi ko hAsila karane ke liye ina para AkramaNa kiyA gayA / aura dhokhe se harAkara lUTamAra kI gayI lekina phira se ye loga apane pUrva avasthA ko prApta kiye aura pratyeka kSetra meM cAhe vaha vyApAra ho, dhAtuzilpa ho, pASANa zilpa ho yA tAtazilpa sabameM agraNI rahe / yahI unakI samRddhi kA kAraNa banA / jisake liye paravartI kAla meM ina para AkramaNa hue aura bAra-bAra isa jIvanta saMskRti ko naSTa karane kI ceSTA kI gayI / jisake pramANa Aja bhI dikhAI dete haiM / phalasvarUpa zrAvakoM ko yahA~ se palAyana karanA pdd'aa| jo atyadhika dhanavAna the ve sabase pahale cale gaye usake bAda madhyavargIya loga cale gaye parantu jo zilpakAra yahA~ raha gaye una logoM ne apane prANa tyAga diye yA dharma parivartana kara liyA / unake banAye sundara zilpa kalA kRtiyoM ko naSTa kara diyA yA parivartita kara diyA gayA / ye kArya musalamAnoM aura aMgrejoM ne nahIM kiyA balki zaiva matAvalambiyoM ne kiyA / durbhAgyavaza Aja bhI yaha ho rahA hai lekina anya rUpa meM / pAMceta Daima ke nirmANa meM telakUpI ke jaina mandira jala ke garbha meM samA gaye lekina isase koI bhI sabaka nahIM liyA gayA aura punaH cAMdila Daima ke nirmANa ke samaya bhI aisA hI huA / No lesson was learned from Telkupi and the same exercise was repeated a hundred kilomentres to the south less than fifty years later in the southern tracts of

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 253 Vikramadity's kingdom from Dulmi and Patkom to Ichha on the Suvarnarekha river in the building of the Chandil Dam, wherein scores of Jain Temples and villages were submerged. A few pieces were salvaged by zealous local conservationists and found place in a small museum at Patkom. jo svayaM sakSama hote hue bhI Age nahIM bar3hate unakI sahAyatA koI nahIM karatA isaliye hameM svayaM Age bar3hanA hogA, gaMtavya sAmane hai / atIta kI virAsata vartamAna kI pUMjI hai aura sundara bhaviSya kA sapanA bhI / ataH samaya rahate hI use saMbhAlanA hogaa| lupta hotI jA rahI prAcIna sarAka saMskRti, unake nidarzana aura paramparAeM jo hamAre itihAsa kI atyanta prAcIna dharohareM hai aura jinakA avadAna bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM amUlya rahA hai / una sarAkoM ko atIta ke andhakAra se punaH Aloka ke patha para lAne kA prayAsa hara usa vyakti ke liye gaurava kI bAta hogI jisako bhAratIya saMskRti aura sabhyatA se lagAva hai / anta meM svargIya nemicaMdajI jaina kI uddhRta haiM / mahAvIra ne rAr3ha kI kuTiyoM meM jo laghudIpa kabhI prajvalita kiyA thA, kyA usakI. lau kA kAjala Aja hama haTA pAyeMge ? kyA sarAkajana ke rUpa meM hamAre jo purakhe yahA~ haiM, unheM hama bagaira paMthabheda ke saheja pAyeMge? ahiMsA, aparigraha, anekAnta kI Aja saikar3oM bhUmikAeM ho sakatI haiM lokajIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM, kintu kyA rAr3ha-aMcala meM huI mahAvIra kI titikSA sAMdhanA ko punajIvita karane kA khatarA mola lene kI himmata koI Aja kara pAyegA / sarAka kSetra kA mahAtIrtha udayagirI siddhakSetra kaliMga-vartamAna ur3IsA pradeza / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne jaba karmabhUmi kA prAraMbha kiyA taba isa deza ko 52 pradezoM meM vibhAjita kiyA unameM eka kaliMga bhI thA / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne apane eka putra ko yahA~ kA rAjya diyA thaa| kaliMga deza meM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke putra ne pahale

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 254 pahale rAjya kiyA / jaba sarvajJa hokara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne AryakhaMDoM meM vihAra kiyA taba vaha kaliMga deza bhI pahu~ce the| unake dharmopadeza se prabhAvita hokara tatkAlIna kaliMga rAjA apane putra ko rAjya dekara muni ho gae / kaliMga prAraMbha se hI jaina dharma kA pramukha keMdra thA / tIrthaMkara bhagavaMtoM kA yahA~ koI kalyANaka to nahIM huA kiMtu tIrthaMkaroM kA vihAra kaliMga meM barAbara hotA rahA / bhagavAna RSabhadeva, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIraM kA vihAra to yahA~ kaI bAra huA aura unhoMne apanI divya dezanA se jIvoM kA uddhAra kiyA / ata: yahA~ jaina dharma kA atyadhika prabhAva rahA aura jaina dharma yahA~ kA rASTra dharma bana gayA / rAjA zreNika (bimbasAra) kI rAnI dhanazrI ke putra gajakumAra ke nirvANa prApti kA sthAna kaliMga deza hI hai / kaliMga deza meM sthita koTizilA se rAjA dazaratha (jazaratha/yazodhara) ke pAMca sau putra mokSa ko padhAre / yahA~ se eka karor3a muniyoM ne nirvANa prApta kiyA hai / sArAMzata: eka atIta kAla se kaliMga jaina muniyoM ke pavitra caraNa kamaloM se alaMkRta ho cukA hai / kaliMga kA rAjakIya itihAsa - ikSvAkuvaMza ke kauzaladezIya kSatriya rAjAoM ke uparAMta. kaliMga meM harivaMza ke rAjAoM ne rAjya kiyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa hokara jaba kaliMga meM Akara dharmopadeza diyA to usa samaya kaliMga ke jitazatru nAmaka rAjA muni ho gae aura aneka rAjAoM ne bhI dIkSA dhAraNa kI / " IsA pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM naMdavaMza ke pratApI nareza mahApadmanaMda ne kaliMga para AkramaNa kara diyA / isa yuddha meM kaliMga ko parAjita honA pdd'aa| vijaya pratIka ke rUpa meM mahApadmanaMda kaliMga jina kI pratimA ko apane sAtha pATaliputra le gayA / kaliMga jina kI yaha pratimA bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI eka prAcIna aura amUlya pratimA thI aura kaliMga meM rASTrIya dharohara ke rUpa meM mAnya thI / apane ArAdhya deva ke cale jAne se kaliMga vAsiyoM kI bhAvanAoM ko bahuta Thesa pahu~cI / isa kathA kA samarthana hAthI guphA

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 255 zilAlekha kI paMkti 11-12 se hotA hai / kaliMga ne svataMtratA to prApta kara lI lekina zIghra hI unake Upara phira se bhayAnaka vipatti A gaI / IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM maurya samrATa azoka ne apane pUre dala-bala ke sAtha kaliMga para AkramaNa kara diyA / do varSa taka bhayaMkara yuddha claa| lAkhoM loga mAre gae, baMdI banA lie ge| lekina kisI kaliMga vAsI ne Atma-samarpaNa nahIM kiyA / azoka ne apane zilAlekha 10 meM yaha svIkArA hai ki kaliMga yuddha meM 1 lAkha loga mAre gae, Der3ha lAkha loga baMdI banAe gae aura bAda meM isase kaI gunA loga mare / kiMtu yaha saMkhyA kaliMga ke sainikoM kI hai / azoka ne apane pakSa ke hatAhatoM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha karanA zAyada ucita nahIM samajhA / zAyada yaha saMkhyA kaliMga ke sainikoM se kaI jyAdA ho / azoka ne apane 13veM anuzAsana meM yaha bhI svIkArA hai ki kaliMga yuddha meM brAhmaNa aura zramaNa donoM saMpradAya ke logoM ne duHkha uThAe the / zramaNa vastutaH jaina the / kaliMga vAsiyoM ke hRdaya meM jitanA duHkha apane deza kI svataMtratA ke apaharaNa kA thA usase kaI jyAdA duHkha apane ArAdhya deva kaliMga jina ke lie thaa| kaliMga vAsI isI pratIkSA meM the ki aba koI aisA rAjA kaliMga para rAjya kare jo unake ArAdhya deva kaliMga jina ko sasammAna kaliMga vApasa lekara Ae / tadaparAMta dakSiNa kauzalavartI cedirAja ke vaMza ke eka mahApuruSa ne kaliMga para adhikAra jamA liyA thA / vaha the- samrATa khAravela / kaliMga vAsiyoM kI isa bhAvanA kI puSTi IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM samrATa khAravela ne kii| mahArAjA mahApadmanaMda ke 275 varSa pazcAt samrATa khAravela ne magadhoM ko bhayabhIta karate hue apane hAthiyoM ko sugAMgeya (pATaliputra kA mahala) taka paha~cAyA aura magadha ke samrATa vahasatimitra ko pairoM meM giravAyA / samrATa khAravela jaba vahA se lauTe to dhana saMpatti ke sAtha kaliMga jina kI usa pratimA kI bhI sAtha lekara Ae jise mahApadmanaMda apane sAtha le gayA thaa| kaliMga vAsiyoM ne apane ArAdhya deva ke punaH kaliMga meM padhArane para rASTrIya

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256 jainatva jAgaraNa..... stara para svAgata kiyA aura utsava manAyA / yaha jaina dharma ke prati unakI agAr3ha zraddhA kA pratIka thA / samrATa khAravela apane bhujAbala, parAkrama, pratApa aura dharmakArya ke lie prasiddha the / unhoMne sAre bhArata para digvijaya prApta kI thI / hAthI guphA ke zilAlekha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt samrATa khAravela ke lie aise saMbodhana kiyA gayA hai 'aira mahArAja mahAmeghavAhana ceta (cedI) rAjavaMza vardhana kaliMga ke adhipati zrI khAravela / spaSTa hai ki khAravela cedI vaMza ke the| yaha rAjavaMza cedi athavA ceti chatriyoM(kSatriyoM) kA thA / cedi vaMza era athavA ela thA / jaina zAstroM meM ela vaMza kI sthApanA kA varNana milatA itihAsakAroM ne samrATa khAravela kA kAla IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI kA utarArddha nirdhArita kiyA hai| usane apanI Ayu ke 15 varSa kumAra avasthA meM vyatIta kie aura aneka kalAe~ sIkhIM / abhilekha ke anusAra khAravela 16 varSa kI avasthA meM yuvarAja pada para AsIna huA aura 24 varSa kI avasthA taka isI pada para rahA / 24 varSa kI avasthA meM khAravela kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA / khAravela eka mahatvAkAMkSI vIra yuvaka thA / usakI AkAMkSA samasta bhArata ko vijita karake ekasUtra meM Abaddha karane kI thii| apane rAjya ke sAtaveM varSa arthAt 31 varSa kI Ayu meM khAravela ne vajirAghara kI rAjakumArI ke sAtha vivAha kiyA / itihAsakAra vajirAghara kI pahacAna madhya pradeza meM cAMdA jile ke vairAgar3ha se karate haiM / udayagiri parvata kI maMcapurI guphA ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha guphA unakI rAnI ne muniyoM ke upayoga ke lie banavAI thI / samrATa khAravela kI eka aura rAnI thI jinakA nAma siMdhulA thA / siMdhulA, siMhapatha kI rAjakumArI thiiN| siMdhulA samrATa khAravela kI taraha hI jaina dharma kI parama bhakta thIM aura muniyoM kI bahuta vinaya karatI thiiN| unhoMne kaliMga se vilupta ho rahe jaina dharma ke uddhAra ke lie aneka kArya kie aura khaMDagiri-udayagiri parvata para aneka guphAe~ banavAI jinameM tIrthaMkaroM kI suMdara pratimAe~ bhI ukerI gaI / samrATa khAravela kI jaina dharma ko dena- magadha samrATa ko harAkara

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 257 W samrATa khAravela kaliMga jina kI pratimA ko vApasa kaliMga lekara Ae / isa prAcIna pratimA ko samrATa khAravela ne koTizilA (koTizilA vartamAna meM bhuvanezvara ke nikaTa khaMDagiri aura udayagiri yA kumArI parvata ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai) para arhataprAsAda banavAkara virAjamAna karavAyA / kumArI parvata para arhata bhagavAna kI nisadhA ke nikaTa unhoMne eka unnata jina prAsAda banavAyA thA tathA pacahattara lAkha (18,00,000) mudrAoM ko vyaya karake usa para vaiDUryaryaratnajar3ita staMbha khar3e karavAe the / unakI rAnI ne bhI jaina maMdira aura muniyoM ke lie guphAe~ banavAI thI jinameM tIrthaMkaroM kI suMdara pratimAeM bhI ukerI gaI jo aba bhI maujUda hai| samrATa khAravela aura unakI rAnI ne kumArI parvata para aneka guphAe~ banavAI jinakA prayoga jaina muniyoM ke nivAsa sthAna ke rUpa meM hotA thA aura munigaNa yahA~ rahakara tapasyA kiyA karate the| samrATa khAravela muniyoM kI bahuta bhakti aura vinaya karate the / samrATa khAravela ke samaya meM aMga jJAna vilupta ho calA thA / usa samaya mathurA, ujjaina, giranAra jaina muniyoM ke keMdra sthAna the / khAravela ne jaina muniyoM kA eka mahA sammelana Ayojita kiyA thA / mathurA, ujjaina, giranAra, kAMcIpura Adi aneka sthAnoM se muni usa sammelana meM bhAga lene ke lie kumArI parvata pahuMce the| bahuta vRhad stara para sammelana kiyA gyaa| nigraMtha zramaNa saMgha ne yahA~ ekatra hokara upalabdha dvAdazAMga jinavANI ke uddhAra kA mahAna kArya kiyA / jagannAtha yA nIlamAdhava yA jinanAtha, purI (mUla kaliMga jina maMdira)- samrATa khAravela kI mRtyu ke pazcAt kaliMga meM jina dharma kI kyA sthiti rahI aura kaliMga jina pratimA kA kyA huA? isa viSaya para itihAsa prAyaH mauna hI rahatA hai / khaMDagiri-udayagiri se prApta zilAlekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki samrATa khAravela jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the aura kaliMga jina kI pratimA bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI eka jaina pratimA thI / khaMDagiri tIrtha se lagabhaga 54 kilomITara dUra hai prasiddha jagannAtha purI kA maMdira /

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258 jainatva jAgaraNa..... zrI jagannAtha maMdira paricAlanA samiti dvArA prakAzita 'zrI kSetra paricaya' meM maMdira nirmANa ke bAre meM kucha isa prakAra varNana milatA hai- 'paMDU vaMza ke rAjA udayana ke putra the iMdrabala / ve idradhumna ke nAma se adhika paricita the / rAjA iMdradhumna isI sthAna ke mUla nivAsiyoM ko sAtha lekara pahale zrI jagannAtha jI kI pUjA-arcanA kiyA karate the / una dinoM zrI jagannAtha jI kA nAma nIlamAdhava ke rUpa meM paricita thA / isake kaI varSoM ke bAda magadha ke naMdavaMzIya rAjA mahApadmanaMda isa devatA ke prati itane AkarSita hue ki unheM sabakI AkhoM se bacAkara magadha le gae the| IsA ke 100 varSa pUrva kaliMga ke tatkAlIna mahAparAkramazAlI samrATa khAravela ne magadha para car3hAI kI thI aura zrI jagannAtha ko vahA~ se lAkara isa kSetra meM phira se pratiSThita kiyA thA / I. 824 meM utkala ke kesarI vaMzIya puNyazloka narapati yayAti kesarI ne isa mahAna devatA ke lie eka bhavya maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thA / paraMtu samudra taTavartI sthAna hone ke kAraNa namakIna havA se yaha maMdira thor3e hI varSoM meM naSTa ho gyaa| isake bAda I. 1038 meM utkala ke gaMgAvaMza saMbhUta cirasmaraNIya narapati mahAmanA coDa gaMgAdeva yA cuDa gaMgadeva ke dvArA Aja ke isa jagavikhyAta maMdira kA punaH nirmANa huA / ' ukta vivaraNa meM jisa nIlamAdhava yA jagannAtha kI pratimA kA ullekha hai, vastutaH vahI kaliMga jina kI pratimA thI / yahI pratimA nIlamaNi kI tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI thI / samrATa khAravela ne magadha se use mUrti ko vApasa lAkara pahale kumArI parvata para arahaMta jinAlaya meM virAjamAna kiyA thaa| usake lie samudra taTa para eka bhavya aura samunnata jinAlaya kA nirmANa karake usa mUrti kI zobhAyAtrA bar3e samAroha ke sAtha nikAlI thI aura usa jinAlaya meM usakI pratiSThA kI thI / jagannAtha purI kA vartamAna maMdira mUlataH khAravela dvArA nirmita vahI jinAlaya hai| isa maMdira ke prAcIna samaya meM jinAlaya hone ke sAkSya Aja bhI maMdira meM upalabdha haiM / ___maMdira ke dakSiNa dvAra meM praveza karane se pUrva bAhara hI bAyIM aura dIvAra meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI halke sileTI varNa kI khaDgAsana digaMbara mudrA meM lagabhaga eka phuTa avagAhanA kI pratimA virAjamAna hai / pratimA ke

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 259 w Upara kucha varSoM pUrva zIze kA phrema lagavA diyA gayA hai / isa pratimA ke yahA~ hone ke kAraNa ke viSaya meM yadi vahA~ ke paMDoM aura pablika rilezana oNphisara se carcA karo to ve uttara dete haiM ki yaha maMdira Aja se 2122 sau varSa pahale mahArAjA khAravela ne 'kaliMga jina' kI mUrti ko virAjamAna karane ke lie banAyA thA / khAravela mahArAja jainI the / unhoMne sarvasAmAnya ke darzana kI suvidhA ke lie eka jaina pratimA virAjamAna karavAI / isameM to saMdeha nahIM ki 'zrI kSetra paricaya' ke anusAra jagannAtha purI kA vartamAna maMdira mUlataH khAravela dvArA nirmita vahIM jinAlaya hai / kiMtu prazna yaha hai ki kaliMga jina kI vaha mUrti kahA~ gaI aura kaliMga jina kA yaha jinAlaya jagannAtha kA maMdira kaise bana gayA ? vartamAna meM jagannAtha maMdira meM lakar3I se banI huI tIna mukhya mUrtiyA~ haiM / lakar3I se bane hue ye mAtra kalevara haiM | hara varSa jagannAtha yAtrA ke pazcAt jagannAtha kI mUrti kA kalevara parivartita kiyA jAtA hai / lakar3I ke kalevara ke hRdaya sthAna meM virAjamAna eka choTI pratimA ko nikAlakara paMDA nae kalevara meM rakhakara usako baMda kara detA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM eka kathA pracalita hai ki jo paMDA kalevara parivartana karatA hai usakI A~khoM para paTTI bA~dha dI jAtI hai aura vaha purAne kalevara meM se TaTolakara mUrti ko nae kalevara meM virAjamAna kara detA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki agara isa dRzya ko koI dekha le to usakI aura usake saMpUrNa parivAra kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai / saMbhavataH kalevara ke aMdara virAjamAna choTI mUrti hI kaliMga jina kI mUrti hai / kalevara parivartana ko janasAdhAraNa ke samakSa na karane kA kAraNa pratimA ke rahasya ko gopanIya rakhane kA viSaya ho sakatA hai / I I jahA~ taka jinAlaya ke jagannAtha maMdira meM parivartana kA prazna hai yaha Adya zaMkarAcArya ke samaya huA hogA jaba unhoMne cAra dizAoM meM cAra dhAmoM kI sthApanA kI joki mUlataH sabhI jinAlaya hI the / jisa kaliMga meM sudIrgha kAla taka jaina dharma rASTra dharma rahA usameM aba eka bhI prAcIna maMdira kA zeSa na honA eka zodha kA viSaya hai / isakA kAraNa kaliMga meM jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kA honA aura jaina vidveSI rAjAoM dvArA maMdira

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260 jainatva jAgaraNa..... AAAAAAAAAAAAAN parivartana karavAnA hai / __ AcArya jinasena kRta mahApurANa ke 'jinasahasranAma' stotra meM RSabhadeva kA eka nAma jagannAtha bhI diyA hai arthAt jagata' ke nAtha / jagannAtha zabda jina-nAtha zabda kA apabhraMza bhI ho sakatA hai| isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jagannAtha kI pratimA hI kaliMga jina kI pratimA hai aura purI kA maMdira hI mUlataH samrATa khAravela dvArA banavAyA gayA jinAlaya hai / khaMDagiri-udayagiri guphAe~ evaM maMdira - hAthI guphA zilAlekha kI 14vIM paMkti se jJAta hotA hai ki samrATa khAravela ne 117 guphAeM banavAI thiiN| lekina vartamAna itihAsakAroM aura bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa kI ginatI ke AdhAra para khaMDagiri parvata para 15 aura udayagiri para 18 guphAe~ haiN| khaMDagiri para cAra jinAlaya haiM jo lagabhaga 200 varSa prAcIna haiM / khaMDagiri parvata kI sabhI guphAe~ sthApatya kI dRSTi se bahuta mahatvapUrNa guMphA saMkhyA 3 (anaMta guphA) meM sAr3he 2 phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mudrA meM bhagavAna supArzvanAtha kI pratimA hai / yahA~ sAthiyA ityAdi jaina cihna aura eka zilAlekha bhI maujUda hai| yaha guphA khaMDagiri parvata kI mahatvapUrNa guphAoM meM se eka hai| . guphA saMkhyA 8 navamuni guphA hai / isa guphA meM padmAsana mudrA meM 9 tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiM / guphA meM pAMca zilAlekha bhI maujUda haiN| guphA saMkhyA 8 kA nAma bAraha-bhujI guphA hai / khaMDagiri parvata para sthita yaha sabase mahatvapUrNa guphA hai / guphA ke barAmade meM dAyIM ora dIvAra para bAraha bhujAoM vAlI do tIrthaMkara zAsana deviyoM kI pratimA ukerI huI hai| isIlie isaguphA kA nAma bAraha-bhujI par3A / isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM 3 phuTa 7 iMca U~cI pratimA hai / yaha isa guphA kI sabase bar3I pratimA hai| isake alAvA guphA kI eka dIvAra para 18 padmAsana pratimA ukerI huI haiM / anya dIvAroM para bhI tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kI pratimAe~ aura zAsana deviyoM kI pratimAeM banI huI haiM /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 261 Age guphA saMkhyA 9 joki bAraha-bhujI guphA se milI huI hai| isameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ banI huI haiM jinameM 8 kAyotsarga mudrA meM aura bAkI padmAsana meM haiN| udayagiri parvata para sthita sabase mahatvapUrNa guphA hai- hAthI guphA / isI guphA meM prathama zatAbdI IsA pUrva kA ela samrATa khAravela kA 17 paMktiyoM kA brAhmI lipi meM likhA huA zilAlekha hai / jaina dharma se saMbaMdhita yaha sabase prAcInatama zilAlekha hai| zilAlekha kA prAraMbha anAdinidhAna NamokAra maMtra se hotA hai / isI zilAlekha ke mAdhyama se hameM samrATa khAravela kI jIvana gAthA, kaliMga jina kI vApasI Adi kA varNana milatA hai| yaha sabase prAcIna zilAlekha hai jisameM isa deza ke vAstavika nAma 'bhAratavarSa' kA bhI jikra hai| . kSetra kI vartamAna sthiti- vartamAna meM kSetra kI dazA dayanIya hai| laMbe samaya se kSetra atikramaNa kA zikAra hai / khaMDagiri parvata kI sabase mahatvapUrNa bAraha-bhujI guphA (guphA saMkhyA 8) lagabhaga 17-18 sAloM se atikramaNa kA zikAra hai / kSetra para jainoM kI saMkhyA kama hai aura brAhmaNa bahulatA meM haiM / sthAnIya brAhmaNoM ne bAraha-bhujI guphA meM sthita pratimAoM ko vaiSNava devI-devatAoM meM parivartita kara diyA hai / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga. mudrA kI pratimA ko vastra pahanAkara vaiSNava deva viSNu meM parivartita kara diyA gayA hai aura unakI zAsana devI padmAvatI ko devI durgA meM / isI prakAra anya tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM ko viSNu ke avatAra aura tIrthaMkara zAsana deviyoM kI pratimAoM ko devI durgA ke svarUpa meM pUjA jA rahA hai| bAraha-bhujI guphA kA svarUpa bhI badala diyA gayA hai| guphA ke cAroM ora avaidha nirmANa karAkara eka maMdira jaisA rUpa diyA gayA hai / bArahabhujI guphA kA nAma bhI badalakara bAraha-bhujI mA~ durgA kara diyA gayA hai| jaina yAtriyoM se yahA~ durvyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai aura guphA meM ghusane bhI nahIM diyA jAtA / yaha kSetra bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ke aMtargata AtA

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262 jainatva jAgaraNa.... hai / bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ke niyamAnusAra kisI bhI saMrakSita imArata ke Asa-pAsa binA bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa kI ijAjata ke kisI bhI prakAra kA nirmANa aura dhArmika anuSThAna karanA varjita hai / niyama tor3ane vAle vyakti/saMsthA ke viruddha sakhta kAryavAhI kA prAvadhAna hai| kiMtu sarakAra ke sabhI niyamoM kI dhajjiyA~ ur3Ate hue brAhmaNoM ne vahA~ para avaidha nirmANa bhI kiyA hai aura niyamita rUpa se vahA~ para pUjA ityAdi karAte haiM / vaiSNava tIrtha yAtriyoM se darzana ke nAma para avaidha vasUlI karate haiN| bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa se saMparka karane para unhoMne isa bAta ko svIkArA ki brAhmaNoM dvArA vahA~ para atikramaNa kiyA gayA hai / isa saMdarbha . meM jaina siddhakSetra bhuvanezvara dvArA san 1996 meM mAnanIya ucca nyAyAlaya ke samakSa eka janahita yAcikA dAyara kI gaI lekina 18 varSa ke laMbe aMtarAla ke bAvajUda usa para koI sunavAI nahIM huI / bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa bhI isI bAta ko kahakara apanA pallA jhAr3a rahA hai ki ucca nyAyAlaya ke phaisale ke bAda vahA~ se atikramaNa haTavA liyA jAegA / kiMtu rAjanIti kI isa kazamakaza ke bIca apanI pahacAna khotA yaha mahAn tIrtha hamAre hAtha se nikalatA jA rahA hai| jaina tIrtha yAtriyoM kA AvAgamana pahale se hI isa kSetra meM kama hai aura jo jAte haiM ve jAnakArI ke abhAva meM yaha socakara ki ye to vaiSNava maMdira hai una prAcIna guphA kI ora rukha hI nahIM karate aura satya se anabhijJa raha jAte haiM / jina yAtriyoM ko patA bhI calatA hai ki vahA~ kucha guphAe~ atikramaNa kI zikAra haiM to vo sthAnIya logoM kI cetAvanI para ki jaina baMdhuoM ko vahA~ ghusane nahIM diyA jAtA aura durvyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, isa bhaya se vahA~ kadama nahIM rakhate / jo ekkA-dukkA yAtrI bhUlavaza yA kautUhala vaza vahA~ praveza kara bhI jAtA hai aura satya se paricita ho jAtA hai to vaha mana meM aphasosa mAtra karake yA isako kAla kA doSa samajhakara apane ko saMtuSTa kara letA hai| yaha kSetra apanI pahacAna khotA jA rahA hai| samrATa khAravela kI kathA to itihAsa ke pannoM meM pahale se hI kahIM kho gaI hai aura aba unake dvArA

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 263 jaina samAja ko dI gaI yaha amUlya dharohara bhI hamAre hAthoM se reta kI taraha phisalatI jA rahI hai / Akhira kyoM hama hara kSetra meM samRddha hote hue bhI apane tIrtha kSetroM kI rakSA nahIM kara pA rahe haiM ? jaina samAja kA pratyeka varga zikSita hai, adhikAMzataH loga dhana se samRddha hai / U~ce padoM para haiM / ina sabake bAvajUda aisI kyA kamI hai ki hama apanI dharohara ko saheja pAne meM pichaDe jA rahe haiM ? unakI rakSA karane meM asaphala ho rahe haiM ? nae maMdira, tIrtha ityAdi banAne kI hor3a meM kahIM hama apane itihAsa, apanI dharohara se vimukha to nahIM ho rahe haiM ? samAja ke pratyeka choTe-bar3e kAryakramoM kI bar3I bar3I patrikAe~ chapavAkara, unameM upasthita hue pratyeka vyakti kA mAlA, zAla, pratIka cihna ityAdi se sammAna karane meM vyasta kahIM hama apane jina dharma ke sammAna ko to nahIM bhUla rahe haiM ? vicAra kareM / kamI kisI eka meM nahIM, kamI hama saba meM hai aura usako sudhAranA bhI hameM khuda hI . sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI ke bAda jaina dharma para bhayaMkara hamale hue aura unake pariNAmasvarUpa pUre bhArata meM hajAroM maMdira parivartita kie gae / samaya va paristhitiyA~ anukUla nahIM thIM / lekina Aja samasta paristhitiyoM ke anukUla hote hue bhI yaha silasilA thamane kA nAma nahIM le rahA hai| Aja bhI Ae dina tIrtha atikramaNa kA samAcAra milatA rahatA hai / samasyA hai hamArA mauna / atikramaNa ke prAraMbha meM hI hama virodha nahIM karate, isa ora dhyAna nahIM dete aura dhIre-dhIre atikramaNa bar3hatA jAtA hai| hamAre mauna ko aura hamAre siddhAMta 'ahiMsA' ko hamArI kamajorI aura kAyaratA samajhakara hameM sadiyoM se ThagA jA rahA hai| sabhI se nivedana hai khAsakara yuvA varga se ki isa ora dhyAna deM / atikramaNa ke prAraMbha meM hI usakA virodha kareM aura prayAsa kareM ki vaha vahI samApta ho jAe / atikramaNa ko gaMbhIratA se leM, najara aMdAja na kareM anyathA vaha dina dUra nahIM jaba sabhI jaina tIrthoM kA hAla giranAra aura khaMDagiri jaisA hogA / AvazyakatA hai jaina samAja ke sabhI vargoM ke logoM ko ekasUtra meM

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264 jainatva jAgaraNa....... baMdhane kI, tIrtha saMrakSaNa ke kArya ko bar3hAvA dene kI / samAja kI zIrSa saMsthAoM ko Age AnA hogA, isa viSaya para goSThI ityAdi kara sarva sammati se nirNaya lenA hogA / khaMDagiri tIrtha kSetra ke viSaya meM bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa, bhArata sarakAra, ur3IsA sarakAra se saMparka kara una para dabAva banAnA hogaa| 18 varSoM se ucca nyAyAlaya meM apanI sunavAI kI pratIkSA karatI eka janahita yAcikA ke nirNaya ke lie prayAsa karane hoMge / kArya. na hI muzkila hai aura na hI nAmumakina / basa AvazyakatA hai jAgarUka hone kI / samrATa khAravela to magadha ke rAjamahala se jAkara apanI rASTra dharohara ko vApasa lekara Ae the lekina hama unake dvArA sauMpI gaI amUlya dharohara ko saheja kara rakhane meM bhI sakSama nahIM haiM ! Aie isa amUlya kArya meM sahayoga kreN| apane - apane sAmarthya ke anusAra prayAsa kareM / tIrtha surakSA ke isa mahAna kArya meM sahayoga kara asIma puNya kA baMdha kareM / jaina dharma kI isa mahAna saMpatti ko sahejane kA prayAsa kareM / I I puruliyA : purAtattva ke Aloka meM. 1 jainadharma hI baMgAla kA Adidharma haiM / sAhityika sAkSyoM evaM purAtAttvika avazeSoM ke samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana ke bala para yaha nissandeha rupa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna jaina saMskRtI ke amUlya nidarzana isa bhUmi para prApta haiM / baMgAla ka puruliyA athavA mAnabhUma viziSTa avazeSoM va gauravapUrNa itihAsa kA dhanI hai / yahA~ upekSita paDe z2aina maMdiroM kI dayanIya durdazA hameM AtmaciMtana ke lie prerita karatI hai / jainatva jAgaraNa kA punaH zaMkhanAda ati Avazyaka hai I puruliyA pahale mAnabhUma ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA / abhI bhI, nAma ke sAtha evaM janagoSThI ke sAtha mAna zabda jur3A huA hai| jaise - mAnabAjAra, mAnakiyArI, mAbhrasI, mAnaTA~Da, mAnajur3i, mAnagrAma, mAnajhopar3a Adi / phira mAnabAjAra aura puMcA ilAke meM mAnA bAurI nAma se eka prAcIna janagoSThI kA patA calatA hai / savAla uThatA hai ki yaha mAnabhUma zabda AyA kahAM I

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... se ? hajArIbAga jile ke dudhApAnI pahAr3a para tIna bhAI-udayamAna, dhautamAla va ajita mAna ke nAma khude hue milate hai / kyA ina tIna bhAIyoM ke nAma para hI jagaha kA nAma mAnabhUma par3A ? kisI-kisI kA kahanA hai ki mAna kisI rAjavaMza kA nAma hai / yahI vaha vaMza hai, jisakA zAsana mAnabhUma, siMhabhUma aura usase jur3e ur3IsA ke kucha aMcaloM para thA / oDU jAti kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM mAnavaMza kA nirUpatA kiyA gayA thA / adhyApaka mirAzI ke anusAra mAna upAdhi vAle rAjA, rASTrakUTa vaMza ke eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM the / inake Adi puruSa kA nAma mAnAMka hai / cauthI zatAbdI ke aMtima kAla meM inakA zAsana thA / karIba sau varSoM ke bAda unake parapote (prapautra) abhimanyu ne vahA~ rAjadhAnI sthApita kI / usakA nAma rakhA gayA manapura yA mAnapura / Aja mAnapura satArA jile meM avasthita hai / zatArA meM karIba DhAI sau sAla isa vaMza ne rAja kiyA thA / mAnAMka ke beTe kA nAma devarAjA thA / devarAjA ke tIna beTe the, jinameM sabase bar3e kA nAma mAna rAjA thA / mAnapura nagara ke kendra meM rakhakara mAnAMga ne jisa rAjya kI pratiSThA kI thI madhyayuga ke prathama parva meM vahI mAnadeza kahA jAtA thA / vIrabhUma, bA~kur3A, modinIpura, 24 paraganA aura puruliyA jiloM meM mAna rAjavaMza ke vibhinna avazeSa bikhare hue hai / hamAre isa puruliyA jile meM hI mAnapura ke nAma se sAta gA~va hai 265 Aja yaha mAnabhUma lokasaMskRti meM asanna samRddha aMcala hai / sArA sAla loka utsava, lokanRtya ke Ananda meM hI yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM kA dina kaTatA hai / mAnabhUma kI eka aura vizeSatA hai yahA~ ke phaile bikhare hue purAtAtvika avazeSa / puruliyA ke gA~voM meM ghUmate samaya kahI na kahIM sadiyoM purAne khaMDahara, dhvaMsAvazeSa milate hai, ve hai - pAkabir3arA, telakUpI, budhapura, bAramAsyA, lAkharA, TuzyAmA, deulI, mahAdevabeDyA, rAlibeDyA, char3arA, pAr3A, deulagiDyA, gajapura, krozajur3I, dhar3AMgA, banarAMgapura, guimA, harabanA Adi / na jAne kitane aura purAtAtvika avazeSa miTTI ke nIce dabe par3e haiM / na sarakAra ko inakI phikra hai, aura na ina suprAcIna khaMDaharoM, mUrtiyoM ko dhUpa yA bAriza yA prAkRtika ApadAoM se bacAne ke liye ilAke ke

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266 jainatva jAgaraNa..... logoM meM kisI prakAra kA pahala hai / ye durlabha mUrtiyAM corabAjAruoM ke hAthoM bikakara videzoM meM calI jA rahI hai| Aja se baccoM ke khelane kA sAmAna hai| sadiyoM pahale jina kuzala mUrtikAroM ne ina pattharoM ko tarAzakara ina jIvanta paramAtma pratimAoM kA nirmANa kiyA thA, Aja una maMdiroM mUrtiyoM ko hame kitanI berahamI se naSTa kara rahe haiM / lekina hameM apane zikSita yA sabhya hone para na jAne kitanA garva hotA hai / Aja bhAratIya mUrtikalA ke itihAsa meM evaM purAtAtvika aitihAsika hara dRSTikoNa se puruliyA ke ye khaMDahara kitane asIma mahatva kI jAnakArI, vilupta hotI huI kar3iyA~, anasulajhe savAloM kA javAba, apane meM basAe hue hai, aura hama hai ki inheM gUMgA hI mAra DAlanA cAhate haiM / khuda ko saMskRtivAna kahate samaya, kAza ! ekabAra hameM puruliyA ke ye khaMDahara yAda Ate / puruliyA meM jaina dharma kA vistAra evaM nidarzana pAkavirA (vartamAna paMcA thAnAntargata) purUliyA zahara se 30 ki.mI. dUrI para "pAkaviDAra" gAMva hai / vahA~ jaina dharma ke smRti cinha hai / sneha ke pratIka banakara zrI mahAvIra Adi prabhu kI mUrti vidyamAna hai| apUrva sthApatya I.saM. 1873 kI sAla meM Beglar sAheba ne isa kSetra kA paridarzana kiyA, aura unhone apane grantha meM bahuta se mandiroMke bAremeM ullekha kiyA hai| bAkI sAre dhvaMsastupa Acchanna paDe hai / prAcIna mandirake prAMgaNa meM choTe baDe jina biMba hai, tathA nAnA AkRti kI bahuta sI devI devatA kI mUrti bhI dekhane ko milatI hai / eka sAta hAtha kI akhaMDa jinezvara kI mUrti Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| cAroM tarapha se pattharoM se baMdhA huA eka tAlAba (sarovara) bhI hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki usa tAlAba ke pAnI se bhagavAna kI prakSAla pUjA Adi hotI hogI / Beglar sAheba kA kahanA hai ki pAkaviDarA eka samaya suparikalpita jaina saMskRti kA kendra thA / eka bahuttama devala ke cAroM aura bIsa dUsare choTe choTe devala hai| isase anumAna hotA

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 267 hai, jina tIrthaMkaroMkA nirvANa sammetazikharajI meM huA thA, una tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA choTe choTe devalomeM kI gaI thii| itihAsa evaM janazruti ke anusAra kahA jAtA hai ki sarAkoMke dvArA hI usa tIrtha svarUpa maMdira kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA / pAyarAcAli mAnabajArase 7 ki.mI. kI dUrI para pAyarAcAli gAva hai| gAMva ke nAma se patA calatA hai vahAM para bRhat (baDA) kabUtarakhAnA thA / pAyarA yAni "kabUtara", cAli yAni "cAla" janazruti hai ki vahAM para sarAka loMgo ke dvArA pakSI sevA hotI thii| aura dUsare pakSiyoM kI anukaMpA kI jAtI thI / baDI saMkhyAmeM sarAka loMgo kA usa ilAke meM pracura saMkhyAmeM vAsa thA / mAnabajAra kI ghaTanA ko kendra karake sarAka logoM ne kucha hogA / sambhavataH I.sa. 1593 meM isa zahara kA nAma mAnabajAra paDA thA / akabara ke senApati mAnasiMha evaM bihAra ke sUbedAra ke nAma se isa zahara kA nAma paDA thA / . "In 1589 or 1590 during the reign of Akbar, Raja Mansingh marched his troops from Bhagalpur through the western hills to Burdwan enroute to reconquer Orissa and again a couple of years later he send troops through Jharkand to Midnapore; On both the occasions he must have passed through portions of this district.... Mansingh again sent out his troops, in 1593 from Bihar to Midnapore by what has been described as a western route through Jharkand" (West Bengal District Gazetteers; Op. Cit. P.P. 90,236) I.saM. 1593 meM akabara ke nirdeza se jaba mAnasiMha ur3IsA jItakara mAnabajAra meM Akara avasthAna kiyA thA, usa samaya vahA~ sarAkoM kA Adhipatya thA / kisI sarAkakI sundarI kanyA ko dekhakara mAnasiMhane mohita hokara usapara balAtkAra kiyA thA / isa aghaTana se sarAka loga vahA~ se apanA

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268 jainatva jAgaraNa..... mAna bacAneke lie paMcakoTa rAjA ke rAjatva meM sthalAntara hue the / paMcakoTa rAjA kA rAjatva yAni vartamAna purUliyA jile kA uttara pUrvIya a~cala, jahA~ Aja bhI bRhata saMkhyAmeM zrAvakavarga (sarAkavarga) nivAsa karate hai / kucha kucha zrAvaka to dUradUra bhI nikala gaye the, unakA astitva bhI hai / ve-bAkuMDA-vardhamAna, sAvatAlaparagaNA, rA~cI evaM ur3IsA meM jA base the / isa ghaTanA ke bAda se sarAkomeM se tIna zAkhA kI utpatti huI thI (i) aThAraha sikA (ii) mahat (iii) khaa...| aThAraha sikA yAni jo sarAka loga ghaTanA ke turanta kucha lie binA sthalAntara hue the, ve aura "mahat" jo sarAkaloga ghara jamIna ke mohavaza bAda meM sthalAntara hue the / khA...khA dhAtuse banA hai, AhArAdi grahaNa karaneke pazcAta jo nikale the, ve "mahat' kI taraha pazcAt sthalAntara hue the...| paMcakoTameM sarAkoMkA vAsa prAraMbha (paMcakoTa yAni mAnabhUma (puruliyA) jilAMtargata eka rAjatva kA nAma hai, jo purUliyA ke uttara pazcima ilAkoM ko kendra karake hai / ) dhalabhUma antargata mAnabajAra evaM tatpArzvavartI ilAkoM ko choDakara sarAkagaNa paMcakoTa rAjA ke rAjatva meM Aye the| paMcakoTa yAni purUliyA jile ke pazcima-uttarI bhAgameM raghunAthapura, pADA evaM kAzipura thAnA antarvatI kssetr...| usa samaya paMcakoTameM hindu-dharma kA prabhutva thA / jainoM kA ullekha veda purANa meM na hone se hindugaNa sarAkoMko ghRNyajAti mAnate the / unakI najara meM sarAkajAti achUtajAti kahalAtI thii| zoca vivAha Adi kriyAkarma karavAne ke lie hindu dharmAvalambI Adi koI bhI jAti (brAhmaNa, hajAma Adi) sarAkoM ke ghara nahI AtI thI, ataH khora-karma, pUjApATha Adi kArya sarAkagaNa svayaM hI kara lete the / I.sa. 1652 ke bAda maNilAla jaba paMcakoTa kA rAjA huA thA taba sarAkoMkI isa avadazA kA avasAna huA thA, yAni rAja parivArakI ora se purohita-hajAma Adi mile the /

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 269 khaira, rAja kA mAnabhUma, puruliyA kI maMdira nagarI hai / 9vIM se 13vI sadI taka Aja ke puruliyA meM, ina anaginata gAMvoM meM suvizAla maMdira bane hue the| ina maMdiroM meM apUrva zailI va alaMkAroM se susajjita mUrtiyAM banI huI thI / deva, devI va tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kA saundarya itanA manamohaka thA, ki ina khaMDaharoM ke dhUla-dhUsarita mUrtiyoM ko jaba hama Aja dekhate hai, to cakita se raha jAte haiM / mana meM bArabAra prazna uThatA hai-isake pratiSThAtA kauna the ? samasta puruliyA ke purAtAtvika ilAkoM kA bhramaNa karate hue yaha dekhA gayA hai ki ina purA kSetroM kA lagabhaga assI phIsadI bhAga, jaina saMskRti se jur3A huA hai / isalie, pUrva sambhAvanA hai, ki ina maMdiroM ke pratiSThAtA bhI jaina hI hoMge, aura ve mukhyataH sarAka jAti ke pUrvaja hai / IM. TI. DAlTana ke anusAra, yahI mAnabhUma ke Adi AryavaMzajAta hai / "...........and another held by the people who have left many monuments of their ingenuity and piety in the adjaining district of Manbhum and who were certainly the earliest Aryan setters in this part of India, the Saraks and fains."........ misTara vailenaTAIna vala ke anusAra sarAka jAti ke loga bar3e purAne jamAne se hI tAmbe ke kAma kAja ke sAtha jur3e hue the / inhIM sarAkoM ke prabhAva se hI siMhabhUma dhalabhUmi (bhUma) ke ilAkoM meM tAmrayuga kA prAdurbhAva huA / bAda meM tAmbe ke khAnoM kI milakiyata ko lekara choTA nAgapura ke 'ho' jAti ke sAtha sarAkoM meM vivAda uTha khaDA haa| eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha beMgaoNla ke prakAzana se bhI patA calatA hai ki sarAka jAti ke logoM ne hI pahalI bAra tAmbe kI khAnoM ko khoja nikAlA thA / tAmbe ke vyavasAya yA vyApAra ke AdhAra para hI, ve jIvana-bitAte the / "........the more adventurous Saraks or say Jains, having alone penetrated the jungles where they were rewarded with the discovery of copper, upon the working

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270 jainatva jAgaraNa..... of which they must have spent all their time and energy, as with exceptions of tanks above mentioned, the mines furnish, the sole evidence of their occupation of that part of the country. It is scarcely conceivable, that the 'HOS,' when they drove out the Saraks, could have utterly destroyed all traces of building" proceedings of Asiatic Society of Bengal, June 1869 pp. 170-174) jaina sAhitya se yaha jAnA jAtA hai ki sarAka sirpha tAmbe ke vyApAra se hI jur3e nahIM the, lohe ke kAma se bhI ye loga jur3e the / ajaya nadI ke donoM tarapha, rUpanArAyaNapura se pAMDavezvara taka jo vizAla lohe kA stambha aura lohA galAne kI cullI thI-usake sAtha sarAka jur3e hue the / jaina sAhitya meM sudharmA kA nAma pAyA jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya the| unhIM ko prathama lauhAcArya (lohe jaise dravya kA jJAtA) mAnA jAtA hai| dUsare lauhAcArya bhadrabAhu hue / DaoN. ramezacandra majumadAra ke anusAra bhadrabAhu rAr3ha ke nivAsI the / inhIM ke athaka prayAsoM se bhArata ke pUrvI chora meM lauha zilpa kI zuruAta huI / "This is the area where the ancient Sravakas who were clearly Jains, lived and practised the earliest known smelling of iron ore. Hinen Isang mentioned this area as the Safaprovince." The origin of the name of Safe is not known but it appears to be clearly associated with Jainism. Hibert had identified Dalmi as the capital of the Safa province and the entire Dalmi hills are full of Jaina antiquities. It is this province of Safa which if identified with a part of Radhdesa which was visited by Mahavira. (P.C. Roychoudhury. Jainism in Manabhum, Jain Journal). . kahe gae sarAka sampradAya kA Adi nivAsasthAna kahA~ thA, use lekara kAphI matAntara hai / bahutoM kA kahanA hai, unakA Adi nivAsa bhArata kA ukta pazcimAMcala hai| bAda meM ve bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvANa bhUmi pArasanAtha

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... I pahAr3a ko kendra meM rakhakara apanA janajIvana nirmita kiye / isI kAraNa lagabhaga sArA choTAnAgapura ilAke meM ve vyApAra phailA cuke the / usI kA vistAra Aja ke puruliyA aura mAnabhUma meM dekhA gyaa| mAnabhUma ke kaMsAvatI nadI (kA~sAI) ke taTavartI ilAkoM ko unhoMne nivAsa sthAna ke rUpa meM cuna liyA thA / lagatA hai, isIliye kaMsAvatI ke taTavartI kSetroM meM hI ye purAavazeSa adhika pAe jAte haiM / "This is borne out by the fact that from all among the banks of the kansai (kansabati) river, numerous stone mages of Jain Tirthankara have been found, which date to 10th, 11th or 12th century on stylistic consideratione. Besides these, there are remanants in the above places of Jain temples built between the 10th and 13th centuries in variation of the North Indian and Orissan and Nagar-Sikara style. These can be seen at Boram, Budhpur, Charrah, Falma, Pakirrah.........." (West Bengal Dist. Gazetteno. P. 139) 271 ~ kaMsAvatI aura dAmodara nadiyoM ke taTavartI purAtAtvika kSetra sarAka jAti se sambandhita hai; isa para jaoNna DaoNlTana bhI sahamata hai 66 ..the saraks appear to have coloniged along the banks of the rivers and we find their temple in ruins on the bank of Damodar, the Kansai is rich in architectural remains........' "" 1 prAcIna kAla meM kA~sAI yA kaMsAvatI nadI ko kendra meM rakhakara jisa prakAra eka vyApArika lenadena kA mArga nirmita huA thA, usake do chora the pahalA budhapura se pAkabir3arA ke Upara se hote hue banArasa se tAmralipta bandaragAha eka phailA huA thaa| dUsarA telakUpI se raghunAthapura, megunapura, dAzapura, ghATAla hote hue tAmralipta taka vistRta thA / ina donoM vyApArika mArgoM para tAmbe kA vyApAra calatA thA / ho sakatA hai, tAmralipta kA nAma isI tAmbe ke vyApAra ke kAraNa par3A ho /

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272 jainatva jAgaraNa..... "An other route from Tamluk district to Banaras probably passed throught Pakbirra and Bud' pur on the banks of the kausai near Manbanar,...........the fact that in those ancient times the merchants who are credited with having built these old temples." (W. B. Dist, Gazetteers, P. 235) to, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki navIM se terahavIM sadI ke bIca jo mandira bane the ve adhikAMzataH jaina vyApArI sarAka jAti ke logoM kI thii| bAda meM vyApAra maMdA par3ane para devAlayoM para se unakA adhikAra kama hone lagA / ho sakatA hai, jaina vyApAriyoM kA eka bar3A aMza mAnabhUma chor3akara calA gayA thA / basa kucha eka sampradAya Tike raha gaye / yahI ve loga haiM, jo Aja bhI yahIM rahate hai / usI samaya sarAkoM ke devAlaya hinduoM dvArA adhigRhIta kara lie gaye aura devAlayoM se jainatva sAkSyoM ko haTA diyA gayA / jaina deva-deviyoM kI lagabhaga sabhI mUrtiyoM ko hindU devI devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM badala diyA gayA / navIM se terahavIM sadI ke bAda jitane bhI maMdira banAe gae, sAre pake hue IMToM se bane hai aura adhikAMza maMdiroM kI pratiSThA muslima kAla ke bAda huI / adhikatara maMdira viSNupura gharAne ke TerAkoTA painela se sampRkta hai| mAnabhUma ke sAmaMtI zAsakoM kA ina maMdiroM ke nirmANa meM kAphI hAtha hai| Aja puruliyA meM jo kucha eka ullekhanIya TerAkoTA alaMkaraNa se susajjita devAlaya dekhane ko milate haiM, ve haiM- celiyAmAra sthita rAdhA-mAdhava maMdira (1697),cAkalAtor3a gA~va meM sthita zyAmacA~da kA jor3a baMgalA zailI meM banA maMdira (aThArahavIM sadI), bAghamuMDI rAjamahala meM sthita rAdhAmAdhava maMdira (1733), barAkajAra meM ATacAlA zailI meM nirmita IToM kA maMdira (AnuH aThArahavIM sadI), raghunAthapura meM raghunAthajI kA maMdira (anumAnata aDhArahavIM se unnIsavIM sadI), raghunAthapura ke pAsa AcakodA gA~va kA TerAkoTA maMdira (satrahavI-aThArahavIM sadI), ber3oM gA~va kA TerakoTA maMdira (satrahavIM sadI) netur3iyA ke gar3apaMcakoTa kA paMcaratna maMdira (satrarahavIM sadI) aura gAMpura ke ATacAlA zailI meM banA maMdira vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya hai /

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 273 isa adhyAya meM vizeSa rUpa se unhIM mUrtiyoM aura devAlayoM kI carcA yahA~ kI gaI hai, jo vilupta hone ke kagAra para khar3e haiN| AzA hai ki AnevAle dinoM meM koI saccA anveSaka aura saMskRtipremI ina saba mUrtiyoM aura devAlayoM para vistRta zodhakArya ke lie Age Ae~ge aura mAnabhUma ke khoe aizvarya ko phira se uddhAra karane meM samartha hoMge / puruliyA kSetra ke devAlaya svayaM meM vizeSa kalAtmaka itihAsa saMjoe hue hai / unnata - pUrNa devAlayoM se khaNDahara taka kA saphara... pratyeka dIvAra eka navIna kathA chipAe baiThI hai / isa prakaraNa meM pramukha rupa se 3 sthaloM ke devAlayoM kI ccarcA kI jA rahI hai -- puruliyA ke devAlaya mAnabhUma tathA puruliyA ke devAlayoM ke nirmANa meM cAra zailiyAM dekhane ko milatI hai / (1) rekha yA zikhara zailI kA devAlaya (2) pIr3A yA bhadra zailI kA devAlaya (3) zikhara zIrSa pIr3A yA bhadra zailI meM banA devAlaya (5) stUpa zIrSa pIr3A yA bhadra zailI meM banA devAlaya / lekina yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki puruliyA meM rekha yA zikhara zailI ke devAlayoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| jaise bAdA kA devAlaya, pAr3A kA devAlaya, pAkabir3arA kA devAlaya, dUdhapura kA dhvaMsa ho cukA devAlaya, deula ghATA kA patthara aura iMToM se banA devAlaya, telakUpI kA devAlaya, TuzAyA kA devAlaya Adi / puruliyA ke kalAkAroM ne rekha zailI ko ur3IsA ke kalAkAroM kI maMdira nirmANa paddhati se liyA thA / ur3IsA kI nirmANa zilA jaise hI (rekha devAlaya) puruliyA ke maMdiroM ko AdhArabhUmi se zIrSasthala para cAra khaMDoM meM bA~TA gayA hai / ye haiM- piSTa, bAr3a, gaMDI aura mazuka / piSTa nirmANa kA vaha aMza hai, jo dikhatA nahIM / yaha jamIna ke nIce hI rahatA hai / dekhane para aisA lagatA hai, jaise binA AdhAra bhUmi ke devAlaya miTTI se banA huA

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 274 1 1 1 hai / bAr3a yA bIca ke aMza ke tIna pradhAna khaMr3a hote haiM / ye haiM-pA, jAMgha aura barao / jAMgha ke bIca kabhI kabhI ubharI huI rekhAeM najara AtI hai| inheM bandhanA kahate haiM | rekha zailI ke devAlaya kI sundaratA usakA gherA huA aMza hai / mAnabhUma ke devAlayoM meM gheravAle aMza meM kalAkAroM ne choTe devAlaya, caitya, phUla, pazu-pakSiyoM ke citroM kA sRjana kiyA hai| kalAkAra kI kalpanA, ina aMzoM meM jIvaMta ho uThI hai / puruliyA ke sabhI devAlayoM meM pAr3A kA devAlaya apane gherayukta aMza kI kalAkArI ke lie sabase adhika carcita hai / yahA~ dUsare dRzyoM ke sAtha sAtha patthara para khude hue nRtyaratA ramaNI, prasAdhana meM vyasta nArI, intajAra karatI nArI Adi vibhinna dRzya hai, jisakA. Aja bahuta kama hI bacA rahA gayA hai / bAkI sArI kalAkArI samaya kI nirmama capeTa, dhUpa, barasAta meM, binA dekharekha ke naSTa ho cukA hai / rekha devAlaya kA mazuka nAma kA aMza bhI cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai beMkI, Amalaka, kalama aura dhvajadaMDa | puruliyA ke bahuta purAne kucha eka devAlaya, jo Aja bhI hajAroM bAdhA ke bAda bhI Tike hue haiM; unake beMkIvAle aMza ko dhyAna se dekhane para patA calegA ki vaha aMza kahIM sIdhA uTha gayA hai Upara kI tarapha yA phira kahIM kalaza kI taraha Ter3hA hai / jyAdAtara kSetroM meM Amalaka aMza dikhane meM kamala jaisA hotA thA / cAra-pA~ca bar3e khaMr3oM ko kATakara Upara biThAyA gayA hai jisase aisA lage ki Upara se nIce taka eka sampUrNa kamala hI biThAyA gayA ho / patthara ke bhArI Tukar3oM ko jor3a pAnA sahaja nahIM thA / mAnabhUma ke deuloM (devAlayoM) ke mazuka aMza kA kalaza kisa rUpa meM thA, vaha pAkabir3arA, budhahara, gajapura, char3arA meM anAdRta kalazoM ko jamIna para lur3hakate hue dekhane ke bAda jAnA jA sakatA hai / kalaza para jo dhvajadaMDa hotA thA, usakA pramANa kalaza ke mu~ha ke chedoM se patA calatA hai / puruliyA meM kahI bhI akSata rUpa se kalaza evaM dhvajadaMDa yukta devAlaya nahIM dikhatA / bAndA kA devAlaya ThIkaThAka hote hue bhI usapara kalaza aura dhvajadaMDa nahIM hai / parsI brAuna ne apanI kitAba Indian Architecture Vol I. ke 31veM adhyAya meM baMgAla ke rekha zailI ke viziSTa devAlayoM kA ur3IsA ke

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 275 maMdira nirmANa-zailI se prabhAvita hone kI bAta kahI hai / mAnabhUma ke prAcIna devAlayoM kA AdhAra adhikAMzataH ratha mAnA jAtA hai / jaba AdhAra bhUmi ko chor3akara nirmANa urdhvamukhI banakara yAtrA karatA hai, ratha kI sUcanA vahI hotI hai / yaha ratha mUla maMdira kA hI eka aMga hai / I ur3IsA ke maMdira nirmANa zailI yugIna parivartana ke sAtha badalI rahI hai / lekina puruliyA kI prAcIna zailiyA~ nirmANa va pravidhigata vizeSatA lagabhaga eka sI hI rahI hai / yugIna prabhAva kA kahIM pramANa najara hI nahIM AtA lagatA hai, jaise eka hI samaya unakI pratiSThA huI ho| asala meM puruliyA ke kalAkAra ur3IsA kI nirmANa zailI ke yugIna parivartana kA anusaraNa na karate hue prAthamika nirmANa tala ko prayoga karate hue Age bar3he haiM / T jaise ghaTa (kalaza) va pattoM kI dhAraNa ko choTA banAne ke lie dIvAra ke nicale hisse meM dUsarI kalAkAriyoM ke sAtha yugmarUpa se kumbha va paTTa kA sanniveza kiyA jAtA hai; lekina isakA bhItarI artha yahAM ke kalAkAroM kI mAlUma nahIM / isIliye yahA~ kumbha para pAtA ke badale khura nAma kA kAma dekhA jA sakatA hai| kAma kI saMkhyA aura prakRti meM bhI pharka najara meM AtA haiM / ur3IsA ke nicale stara para pA~ca se adhika kAma nahIM hai lekina puruliyA meM kAmoM kI saMkhyA aura sanniveza meM rIti kA abhAva sA dikhatA hai / vivartana ke kAraNa ur3IsA meM jaMghA - aMza, tIna upa aMgoM meM ba~Ta jAtA hai / puruliyA ke virala kSetroM ke alAvA isa aMga kA eka se adhika vibhAjana nahIM huA / jaMghA ke bIca rAhA nAmaka ubharA huA aMza hai jisake donoM pArzvavartI rathoM para katAra meM khar3e ardhastambha puruliyA ke maMdiroM ko eka alaga hI suMdaratA pradAna karatI hai / I " ur3IsA meM bAr3a aura zikhara kA vibhAjana karanevAlA jo kanTa kA sthAna hai use bAda meM kucha kAmoM dvArA adhikRta kara liyA gayA / puruliyA kI prathA anusArI zailI ke antima paryAyoM meM bhI rekha zailI ke devAlayoM se kanTa haTAyA nahIM gayA / zikhara ke mAmale meM ur3IsA jaisA puruliyA meM bhI nicalA tala vibhAjana samakoNIya hotA thA, lekina bAda meM vaha vartula kI AkRti kA banatA calA gayA / "

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... ( puruliyA maMdira sthApatya, dIpaka raMjana dAsa se uddhRta va anUdita) lekina isa aMcala meM ur3IsA jaisA zikhara ke prAcIna ratha ke AnubhAka akSa para kabhI bhI bAhara kI tarapha nikalA huA tala dikhAI nahIM detA / devAlaya kA svarUpa Thosa AkAra dhAraNa karatA hai, isI kAraNa lambe hote hue akSa meM jo koNa hai, ve vRttAkAra banakara zikhara ko kamanIya nahIM kara sakA hai / ThIka usI taraha rAhA aura usake pArzvaratha ke milana sthala para kramika ghaTate hue stara meM nirmita aMgazikhara kI anupasthiti puruliyA ke zikharoM ko ur3IsA ke zikhara se pRthaka karate haiM / 276 vAgha ke devAlaya meM bhI ur3IsA ke maMdira - gAtra alaMkaraNa meM jisa jAlikAkA ( latA - pattoM Adi kA ) vyavahAra hotA hai, usI prakAra kI jAlikA milatI hai / isake alAve puruliyA ke maMdiroM meM caitya - janakoM (gavAkSoM) ko bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / puruliyA ke devAlayoM meM mAzuka aMza ke Upara sthita vizAla Amalaka zilA kI upasthiti, usakA nijI vaiziSTaya hai / puruliyA kI devAlaya nirmANa zailI kI eka aura vizeSatA hai, devAlaya ke sAmane patthara se bane barAmade kA honA / Aja lagabhaga sabhI devAlayoM ke barAmade dha~sakara TUTa cuke haiN| sirpha bAndA ke devAlaya kA barAmadA kisI taraha TikA huA hai | vaha bhI TUTa gayA thA lekina purAtAtvika sarvekSaNa aura saMrakSaNa vibhAga, bhArataM sarakAra kI sahAyatA se use purAne DhAMce para punarnirmita kiyA gayA hai / lekina kucha stambha aura bar3e-bar3e patthara ke khaMr3oM ko dekhane se lagatA hai ki barAmadA zAyada aura bar3A rahA hogA / ThIka aise hI barAmade budhapura, pAkabir3arA, mahAdevaver3ayA ke devAlayoM meM bhI maujUda thA, yaha patthara ke vizAla khaMbhoM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai / lekina Aja sAre TUTa cuke haiM / I puruliyA ke vibhinna jagahoM para eka se jyAdA, pattharoM kA banA utsargIkRta devAlaya dekhane ko milatA hai / pAkabir3arA, bAra hamAsyA, char3arA Adi sthAnoM para ye devAlaya pAye jAte hai / Aja sabase bar3A utsargIkRta devAlaya 3/4-8 phITa U~cAI vAlA hai, jo pAkabir3arA meM pAyA jAtA hai|

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 277 yaha sphaTika ke pattharoM se banA hai / cAra dIvAroM meM cAra tIrthakaroM kI cAra mUrtiyAM khudI huI hai / IMTa kA devAlaya : IMTa se bane hue devAlaya, puruliyA ke nirmANa zailI kA eka mahatvapUrNa aMga hai / isa samaya girate hue, vilupta hote hue IMTa se bane jo prAcIna maMdira Ama darzaka dekha pAtA hai, ve haiM - deulaghATA, Ar3aghA pAr3A, choTalarAmapura Adi / isake alAve, jina saba jagahoM para kabhI IMTI kA devAlaya thA, cuke aba miTTI meM mila cukA hai / ye jagaha haiM- zA~kA, deulabhir3ayA, pAkabir3arA, maMgaladA aadi| ho sakatA hai, atIta meM aura bhI bahuta sAre patthara yA IMToM ke prAcIna deula hoMge, lekina Aja ve saba vilupta ho cuke haiM / ina sabhI TUTe-phUTe aura vilupta devAlayoM kA samayakAla 10vIM sadI se 12vIM sadI hai / bAda ke muslima yuga meM evaM usake bAda 15vIM se 17vI sadI meM bhI mAnabhUma meM viSNupura gharAne ke kaI maMdira banAe gae / ye haiM- celiyAmA kA rAdhAmAdhava maMdira, AcakodA kA TerAkoTA maMdira, ber3o kA jor3abAglA maMdira, bAghamuMDi kA rAdhAgovinda maMdira, paMcaratna ziva maMdira, cAkalator3a ke zyAmacA~da kA jor3a - bAglA zailI meM banA maMdira, gAMgapura kA raghunAtha maMdira, Ar3arA kA maMdira, lAgadA kA zyAmacA~da maMdira, paMcakoTa kA raghunAtha maMdira Adi / puruliyA ke prAcIna IMToM se bane devAlayoM ko dhyAna se dekhane para patA calatA hai ki pratyeka devAlaya lagabhaga 3 se 4 iMca UMcI vedI para adhiSThita hai / praveza-mArga trikoNa AkAra kA hai, jaise pAr3A ke devAlaya maMdira ke Upara eka se adhika ratha yA uparatha dekhane ko milate haiM evaM ve devAlaya ke zIrSa taka phaile huye hai / vargIya AkRti se bane garbha gRha kI chata laharA paddhati se nirmita kI gaI hai / bhItara koI dIpa - sthAna najara nahIM AtA / lekina patthara devAlayoM jaisA bAhara cAra dIvAroM para jagaha banAe gaye dikha jAte haiM, jahA~ sambhavataH dIpaka nahIM, devI devatAoM kI mUrti rakhI jAtI thI / devAlaya ke bAhara tIna aMza sApha sApha najara Ate hai| nicalA hissA, jaMghA aura bara / devAlayoM para jo ratha yA uparatha dekhane ko milatA hai unakI

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jainatva jAgaraNa... 278 AkRti devAlaya ke anurUpa yA kahIM-kahIM stambha ke anurUpa hai / pAr3A meM isI kAraNa devAlaya para aneka choTe choTe devAlayanumA AkRti dekhane ko milatI hai / dhanabAda jile ke pA~r3arA meM patthara se bane kavilezvara maMdira para bhI saikar3oM devAlaya jaise AkRti dikhAI detI hai / puruliyA meM IMToM ke devAlayoM kI nirmANa zailI kA vivaraNa dete hue dIpaka raMjanadAsa likhate haiM- kisI kisI patthara se bane maMdira meM eka gherane kI rIti pAI jAtI thI, jahA~ phIte jaisA baiDakara jaMghA kI ke zIrSasthAna ko gherane kI rIti thI / eka gaharA kaMTha apane donoM AnubhUmikA prAntoM ke barAbara ghane rUpa se sambaddha, do bhArI kAma dvArA sRSTa vara, bAr3a va zikhara ko spaSTataH vibhAjita karatA thA / zikhara kI uccatA hara jagaha para dIvAra kI uccatA se adhika thI / nIce anupasthita zikhara kA vakrabhAva urdhvamukhI hone se kAraNa zikhara eka saralarekhA meM khar3A sA dikhatA thA / vartula AkRti kI bhUmi Amalaka dvArA zikhara ko kaI bhUmigata AdhAroM para bA~Ta jAtA thA / Aja jabaki isa prakAra ke sAre maMdira zIrSa Dhaha cuke haiM, isIlie yaha kahanA muzkila hai ki zikhara kA bhUmitala kisI nirdiSTa saMkhyA meM bA~TA jAtA thA yA nahIM / ziqhara para aMgazikhara hone para bhI vaha kabhI bhI svataMtra sattA meM prakaTa na ho sakA / isIlie maMdira kA lambA sA DhA~cA sIdhA aura spaSTa prakaTa hotA thA / zikhara ke nicale hisse meM eka bar3e caitya janale ( gavAkSa) kA nakzA dekhane lAyaka hai / devAlaya para dikhAe gae devAlaya kI anukRti se yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki Dhaha cuke zIrSa para sthApita mazuka ko bekI, Amalaka khapuro aura kalaza dvArA dikhAyA jAtA thA / IMTa se bane lagabhaga sabhI devAlayoM meM cUne kA lepa lagAyA jAtA thA, isase jahA~ bAriza aura dhUpa se devAlayoM kI rakSA hotI thI, vahIM cUne para nAnA prakAra kI citrakArI karanA va nakze utAranA bar3A AsAna thA / cUnA narma rahate samaya hI usa para citrakArI kI jAtI thI / dIpaka raMjana dAsa kahate haiM '"kaMccA rahate samaya cUne ke lepa para jisa prakAra ke nakze banAe gae aura citrakArI kI gaI usa dRSTikoNa se ye devAlaya bhAratIya =

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 279 kalA kA eka apUrva anupama udAharaNa hai / " devAlaya ke nirmANa meM jina IMToM kA istemAla hotA thA ve moTe taura para lambAI aura caur3AI meM 6 IMca aura 3 IMca ke hote the / vibhinna jagahoM para vibhinna prakAra ke nApa ke IMTa vyavahAra meM lAe jAte the / inameM se sabase bar3I IMTa lambAI meM 9 IMca aura caur3AI meM 9 IMca thA / lekina Aja ke IMToM se inakA koI mela nahIM hai| para ho sakatA hai ki IMToM ko banAne kA tarIkA samAna rahA ho| miTTI ko pAnI ke sAtha milAkara gUMthate hue kAlA banAyA jAtA thA aura ' kucha dina usI taraha rakhA jAtA thA / ise yahA~ jAvAI rakhanA kahate haiM / bAda meM usI miTTI ko phira se pAnI meM narama karane ke bAda sA~ce meM DhAlakara vibhinna anupAtoM meM taiyAra kara dhUpa meM sukhAkara kATha se jalAyA jAtA thaa| ___IMTa ke devAlaya kabhI bahuta anupama hote the, ise pAr3A aura deulaghATA ke devAlayoM ko dekhane se mAlUma par3atA hai / isake alAvA latA, phUla, patte, vibhinna prakAra ke prANI, deva deviyoM kI mUrti, nRtyaratA ramaNI, nakze Adi apanI sundaratA se sabakA mana moha lete hai / pattharoM se bane devAlayoM jaise IMToM ke devAlayoM meM bhI jalaniSkAsana praNAlI banI huI thI / jisa vedI para tIrthaMkara yA deva deviyoM kI mUrti banI huI thI, vahI se nAlA nikala jAtA thA aura hAthI, magaramaccha yA dUsarI koI AkRti banI rahatI-jisake muMha se pAnI nikalakara cahabacce meM jamA hotA thA / deulaghATA jAne para isa vyavasthA ko acchI taraha se dekhA jA sakatA hai / hara IMTa kA devAlaya hI UcI vedI para pratiSThita thA, aisA jora dekara nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jaise pAr3A ke mUla vedI kI UMcAI lagabhaga 4 IMca 4.50 IMca hai, lekina deulaghATA kA mala vedI bahata kama UcA hai| prastara yA patthara se bane devAlayoM kA praveza-patha meM jitanI kalAkArI se bharI hotI thI, IMTa se bane devAlayoM meM utanI kalAkArI nahIM pAI jaatii| mAnabhUma ke prAcIna IMToM ke devAlayoM kA nirmANakAla sahI rUpa meM batAnA muzkila hai / parantu lagabhaga 10 se 11vIM sadI ke samaya inakA nirmANa huA hogA / kaI logoM kA mAnanA hai ki deulaghATA kA devAlaya 9vIM se 10vIM sadI meM banA hai / lekina dIpaka raMjana dAsa kA kahanA hai

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... ki uccavedI para maMdira pratiSThA, garbhagRha meM Adhe se adhika aMza se jyAdA dIvAra, pAMca se adhika ratha samanvita Asana, nicale bhAga meM kAma ke mUla caritra kA vismaraNa aura kAma kI saMkhyA kama se kama pA~ca se adhika karanA U~cAI ke prati adhika AkarSaNa Adi viziSTatAeM ina maMdira samUhoM ke 11vIM sadI ke bAda bane hone ke hI sUcanA detI hai / 280 tailakampa yA telakUpI: Aja dAmodara ke garbha meM vilupta ho cukI tailakampa yA telakUpI, usa jamAne kI eka bar3I bandaragAha nagarI thI / nagarI kA nAma telakUpI kyoM par3A, ise lekara paNDitoM meM kAphI vivAda hai / kaIyoM ke anusAra saMskRta tailakampa se telakUpI zabda AyA hai / saMskRta meM taila matalaba tela | kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM taila ko eka prakAra kA kara mAnA jAtA thA / kampa AyA hai kampana se kampana kA artha hai paraganA / to, yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki Aja kA telakUpI kisI samaya eka karapradAna karane vAlA sAmaMtI rAjya thA / I taruNadeva bhaTTAcArya ke anusAra viliMga yA tailaMgo ko yaha kara (Tax) pradAna kiyA jAtA thA / lekina yaha mata bhI vivAdAspada hai / prAcIna itihAsa meM telakUpI ko lekara Thosa kucha bhI nahIM pAyA jAtA / lekina saMdhyAkara naMdI ke rAmacaritam kAvya meM telakampa zabda milatA hai / " zikhara iti samara parisara sisadarirAja rAjigaMja gabbagahana dahana dAvAnastailakampIra kalpatarU rudrazikhara" arthAt yuddha meM jisakA prabhAva nadI parvata se vistIrNa thA, parvata kandara ke rAjavargoM kA darpa haraNa karanevAle, dAvAnala ke samAna, vaha tailakampa ke kalpatarU rUdrazikhara hai / saMdhyAkara naMdI racita rAmacaritama kAvya kI samayasImA pramukha para 1070-1120 I. hai / kAvya kA mUla viSaya pAla vaMza ke zAsaka rAmapAla kI kIrtiyoM kA varNana hai / kavi ne apanI kAvyapratimA ke rUpa meM eka hI saMketa meM ayodhyA ke rAjA rAma aura pAla nareza rAmapAla kA yazogAna kiyA hai | rAmacarita kAvya meM rUdrazikhara tailakampa ke rAjA the, ise hama

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... bor3Ama meM pAye gae zilAlekha se bhI jAna sakate hai / 1 magadha aura rAr3ha meM pAlavaMza kA AdhipAtya thA / pAlasamrATa rAmapAla ke sAtha rUdrazikhara kI mitratA thI - itihAsa meM isakA spaSTa pramANa milatA hai| apane paitRka rAjya ke uddhAra ke samaya rUdrazikhara ne rAmapAla kI sahAyatA kI thI / aitihAsika sUtroM se patA calatA hai ki mAnabhUma, puruliyA, paMcakoTa aura tailakampa ke cAroM ora jitane bhI rAjya the, unake sAtha rAmapAla kI mitratA thI / usa jamAne kA tailakampa rAjya dAmodara ke dakSiNa se kA~sAI ke uttara taTa taka phailI huI thI / pazcima meM jhAladA se dakSiNa meM budhapura taka isakI sImA thA / yaha isa lipi se hI prabhAvita hotI hai / jisameM kahA gayA haiM 281 rAr3ha se ghire hue paMcadrizvara kI sImA ko koI bhaMga na kare / rAjA rudrazikhara jaina dharmI the kyoMki unake samaya jainadharma ne rAr3ha, vizeSataH mAnabhUma meM vistAralAbha kara liyA thA - yaha pramANita hotA haitelakUpI, bAndA, pAr3A, zA~kA, bor3Aya, pAkabir3arA, budhapura Adi ke purAtAtvika avazeSoM sthaloM se / D. V. C. (dAmodara vailI kaoNraporezana) ke kAraNa Aja telakUpI bandaragAha pUrI taraha pAnI ke nIce DUba cukA hai / socane para Azcarya hotA hai ki D.V.C. ke kAryakAriNI sadasya paMceta Daima banAte samaya telakUpI ke prakhyAta maMdiroM kI tarapha ekabAra bhUlakara bhI nahIM dekhA / ve ekabAra ke lie ina durlabha aitihAsika dharoharoM ko bacAne kI bAta bhI nahIM socI / isIkAraNa 1957 kI usa rAta ko telakUpI pAnI meM DUba gyaa| loga beghara hue, besahAre bana gae / sAre mavezI pAnI meM baha ge| aba prazna hai ki telakUpI pAnI meM DUbane se pahale yahA~ kitane maMdira the ? isakA jabAva hameM D.J. Beglar racita 'Report of a Tour through the Bengal Province' nAmaka racanA meM prApta hotA hai / 1878 meM likhe gae isa varNana meM unhoMne 20 maMdiroM ke hone kI bAta kahIM hai| isake alAve, ve vahA~ para kucha IMToM aura pattharoM ke khaMDahara dekhe the jo Aja pUrI taraha dhvaMsa ho cuke haiM / 1902 meM blaka ne 10 maMdiroM ko vahA~ para dekhA thA / Aja sirpha tIna hI maMdira kisI prakAra vahA~ Tike hue haiN| lekina unameM

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282 jainatva jAgaraNa..... se do kI hAlata itanI jIrNa-zIrNa hai ki kabhI bhI unheM Dhahate hue hama pA sakate haiN| Aja bhI eka savAla mana meM jhA~katA hai ki yahA~ itane sAre maMdira kaise bane ? ye maMdira kisa sampradAya ke the-yA kisa samaya ke hai ? savAla uThatA hai ki telakUpI hI bandaragAha kyoM banI ? itihAsa ina saba savAloM kA javAba nahIM detI / sahI rUpa se kisI siddhAnta taka pahu~canA bar3A muzkila hai / telakUpI ke maMdiroM kA AnumAnika samayakAla dasavI-gyArahavI sadI I0 hai / usI samaya baMgAla meM pAlavaMza kA zAsana cala rahA thA / jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra usa samaya samasta baMgAla meM phailA huA thA / isa vistAra meM jaina vyavasAyI kAphI uttaradAyI the / ye loga tAmbe ke vyavasAyI the| usa jamAne ke do vikhyAta tAmbe ke khAna the-tAmAjur3I aura tAmAkhuna / ina saba khAnoM se jaina vyavasAyI eka sar3aka mArga se tAmbA lAkara telakUpI bandaragAha meM nAva para car3hAte the / usa jamAne meM sar3aka mArga mAna bAjAra puruliyA, char3arA, pAr3A, zA~kA, maMgaladA, bAndA hokara telakUpI pahu~catA thaa| ina saba khAnoM se jaina vyavasAyI eka sar3aka mArga se tAmbA lAkara telakUpI bandaragAha meM nAva para car3hAte the / usa jamAne meM sar3aka mArga mAna bAjAra, puruliyA, char3arA, pAr3A, zAkA, maMgaladA, bAndA hokara telakUpI pahu~catA thaa| ina aMcaloM meM puruliyA ke alAvA lagabhaga sabhI sthAnoM meM purAtAtvika avazeSa bikhare par3e hai / bAndA yA pAr3A meM eka-do devAlaya aba bhI bace hue hai| jaina vyApAriyoM ne vizrAma ke liye aura rAta gujArane ke liye apane apane abhISTa deva deviyoM kI pratiSThA kI thii| isake bAda meM jaina vyApArI dAmodara nadI para avasthita telakUpI bandaragAha se hote hue nAva se tAmralita bandaragAha taka pahu~cate the / usake bAda ye vyApArI tAmralipta hote hue sAgara kI tarapha yAtrA karate the| isake alAve eka jAtIya sar3aka yA rAjamArga kA bhI hameM patA lagatA hai / usa samaya ke isa rAjamArga kA phailAva kAphI lambA thA / medinIpura se tamaluka hokara uttara dizA meM rUpanArAyaNa nadI ke pazcima taTa ke barAbara ghATAla aMcala ke kSeputapuradAsapura pAnA ghATAla hokara zilAvaMtI nadI pAra kara kabhI use dAhine yA

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 283 kabhI bAe rakhate hue bA~kur3A jile ke viSNupura chAtanA aura zuzuniyA hokara puruliyA ke raghunAthapura va telakUpI ke Upara se hokara yaha sar3aka jAtA thaa| usa jamAne ke bar3e va pratiSThita vyApArI isI rAha se calA karate the| to jala aura sthala, donoM rAhoM se hI telakUpI eka kendrIya vyApAra kI bhUmi thI / aura aura inhIM vyApAriyoM ke hAthoM hI ye devAlaya bane the / ye sabhI maMdira jaina vyApAriyoM dvArA hI nirmita the jinameM kucha mandira paravartI kAla meM hindU mandiroM meM parivartita kiye gaye / aba telakUpI ke maMdira aura mUrtiyoM kI bAta kI jAe / anaginata devAlayoM meM aba sirpha tIna hI devAlaya Tike hue haiN| inameM se do, bAriza ke mausama meM sampUrNa jalamagna rahate hai aura eka (jyeSTha) ke mahIne ke sivAya sArA sAla jala meM DUbA rahatA hai| kitane dina aura ye Tika pAyeMge isameM nizcita saMdeha hai / dAmodara ke pAsa hI pAtharabAr3I gA~va basA hai / isa gA~va se karIba eka kilomITara kI dUrI para eka TUTA devAlaya prAkRtika thaper3oM ko sahatA huA pUrva dizA kI tarapha hilakara TikA huA hai| isakI nirmANa prakRti bAndA ke devAlaya jaisA hai| yaha moTe taura para 50-55 phuTa lambA thA, lekina abhI isakI uccatA 45 phuTa ke karIba hogI / isakI caur3AI 13.5 - 15.5 phuTa hai / bAndA ke devAlaya se yaha AkAra meM kAphI choTA hai / parantu zilpakAroM ne ise eka hI zailI meM banAyA thA, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai / devAlaya ke rAr3ha aMza kA kAphI bhAga dhasa cukA hai / devAlaya pUrva dizA kI tarapha banA huA hai| isake mUla dvAra ke bane alaMkAra bAndA ke maMdira se milate-julate hai| donoM tarapha trizUla hAtha meM lie do dvArarakSaka khar3e dikhate haiM, jo pahale adbhuta AlaMkArika sajAvaToM se susajjita the| devAlaya ke tIna koNoM meM tIna sthAna banAe gae the khodakara, jinameM tIrthaMkara kI tIna mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna thiiN| ve saba sthAna Aja bane hue haiM para koI tIrthaMkara mUrti virAjamAna nahIM hai| devAlaya ke bhItara jala niSkAsana kI acchI vyavasthA najara AtI hai| pUjA arcanA ke samaya jo pAnI vyavahAra meM lAyA jAtA thA vaha isI niSkAsana nAlI se hotA huA sIdhA dAmodara meM calA jAtA thA /

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284 jainatva jAgaraNa..... telakUpI gA~va ke bIcavAlA devAlaya pUrI taraha pAnI meM DUbA huA hai / vaizAkha yA jeTha (jyeSTha) ke mahInoM ke alAve yaha sArA sAla pAnI meM DUbA rahatA hai| philahAla yaha pAnI se ATha phuTha kI U~cAI para khar3A hai / isakI nirmANa prakriyA kucha svatantra prakriyA ke AdhAra para bhI huA hai / yaha devAlaya staroM para banA huA hai / eka stara se dUsare stara taka kI U~cAI do phuTa kI dUrI para sthita hai| yaha bhI 50-55 phuTa kA hai| lekina pazcima dizA kI tarapha basa huA hai / pahale aMdara mUrti thI para aba nahIM hai / zIrSaka bijalI girane ke kAraNa dhvaMsa ho cukA hai| pahale isa para cUne kA lepa lagA thA aura usa para kalAkArI kI gaI thii| aba yaha sabakucha dhvasta ho cukA hai, dhula cukA hai / dvAra ke donoM tarapha do baila aura zera kI mUrti banI hai| isase patA calatA hai ki bhItara tIrthaMkara AdinAtha evaM mahAvIra svAmI kI mUrti banI huI thii| isa devAlaya se do kilomITara kI dUrI para kucha kama pAnI meM eka aura devAlaya khar3A hai| yaha uttaramukhI hai evaM isakI nirmANa zailI pahale maMdira jaisI hai| isake mAthe kA aMza sampUrNa naSTa na hote hue bhI lagabhaga vinAza ke kagAra para hI khar3A hai| zIrSaka ke Amalaka aMza ke kaI patthara ke Tukar3e gira cuke haiM / sirpha eka gola patthara kisI taraha aTakA huA hai| yaha devAlaya bhI 50 phuTa ke karIba U~cA thA / jisa taraha se pAnI ke nirantara sparza se ye devAlaya naSTa hote jA rahe haiM- kaba inakA DhA~cA pUrI taraha se phaMsa jAegA, kahA nahIM jA sakatA / aba telakUpI ke maMdira ke bAda mUrti kI bAta AtI hai / jaba yahA~ bIsa devAlaya the yA usase bhI pahale ke khaMDaharoM meM saikar3oM mUrtiyAM banI huI thI lekina ye sAre devAlaya pAnI ke nIce jA cuke hai| sirpha guruDI, tArApura aura lAlapura ke sahRdaya kucha eka logoM kI koziza ke kAraNa Aja sirpha do maMdira hI baca pAe haiM / yahA~ kI mUrti ke prasaMga meM kAzInAtha devariyA ne likhA thA- "bihAra meM rahate samaya cauthI kakSA ke bhUgola meM 13 maMdiroM kI bAta par3hI thI / jitanA yAda hai- dAmodara ke dakSiNa meM ye

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 285 maMdira bane the / mUla maMdira ke garbhagRha meM vizAlakAya bhairava virAjamAna the / aMdhere meM Dha~ke garbhagRha meM, eka bar3A sA pradIpa (dIpaka) jalatA rahatA thaa| bhaktagaNa bhakti ke sAtha pujArI ke nirdeza anusAra bhairava ke mAthe para belapatte, kaccA dUdha car3hAkara maMtroccAraNa karate the- namaH zivAya zAntAya kAraNa traya hetave ... / " yaha bhairavanAtha aura koI nahIM devAdhideva tIrthaMkara paramAtmA haiM / nadI ke bilakula pAsa thA praveza patha praveza patha ke saMlagna AMgana meM eka bhairavI kI mUrti thI / unheM praNAma karake maMdira meM praveza karane kA rivAja thA / praveza patha ke bAI tarapha eka choTA ghara banA huA thA / usameM patthara kA zizu, jo abhI janmA ho, prasUti aura dhAI mA~ (dhArI) kI mUrtiyAM banI huI thI / ina sabakA artha kyA hai, Aja taka nahIM nikAlA jA skaa| maMdira se nadI kI ora jAte samaya uttara kI aura eka patthara kA ghaTa banA huA thA / Aja yaha sabakucha dAmodara ke nIce jA cukA hai 1 1 khar3arA gA~va se tIna kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita hai pAtharabAr3I gA~va / isa gA~va se 1/2 kilomITara dUra eka sUne maidAna meM khule AsamAna ke nIce, binA saMrakSaNa ke, eka patthara kI mUrti par3I huI hai, yaha eka caturbhuja devImUrti hai| havA aura pAnI se niraMtara ghisane ke kAraNa hAthoM meM bane astroM kI pahacAna kaThina hai / yaha mUrti eka hAthI para baiThI hai / hAthI kI apUrva nirmANa zailI Aja bhI usI taraha adbhuta suMdara hai / khagendranAtha mAjI ke anusAra yaha jaina devI cakrezvarI kI mUrti hai / sthAnIya loga inheM nIlakaMThavAsinI ke nAma se pUjate haiM / kucha dina pahale aMcala ke ghanADhya vyakti bija mahAlA ke udyoga se mUrti ko miTTI se nikAlane gae / lekina bahuta sAre loga milakara bhI lAkha koziza ke bAvajUda mUrti nikAlane meM asamartha hue / lekina isa khIMcAtAnI meM dAhine tarapha ke Upara bhAga kI kSati huI aura vaha aMza TUTakara gira gayA / usI rAta ko eka amaMgala sUcaka ghaTanA ghaTI aura unake bar3e beTe kI patnI kI mauta ho gaI / bAda meM vahIM pakkA maMdira banAne kI unhoMne koziza kI / Aja bhI vahAM kAphI IMTe par3I huI milatI hai / lekina Dara se ve aura usa kAma ko Age nahIM bar3hA ske|

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jainatva jAgaraNa...... 286 Ajakala sthAnIya loga khetI meM kAma karate samaya, bakarI, battakha Adi kI bali car3hAte haiM / usake bAda ve dhAna kATane jAte haiM / yaha mUrti moTe taura para 2.8 phuTa lambA aura 1.5 phuTa caur3A hai / dAmodara nadI se lagabhaga 2 kilomITara kI dUrI para basA hai guruDI nAmaka eka choTA sA gA~va / aMcala ke logoM ne atyanta parizrama se telakUpI ke TUTe hue pattharoM ko lAkara eka choTe ghara kA nirmANa kiyA thA / isa samaya ghara kI chata Dhaha gaI hai aura sirpha cAra dIvAra hI khar3I haiM / guruDI gA~va meM hame nimnalikhita mUrtiyAM dekhane ko milatI hai / I (1) bAhubalI kI mUrti : sthAnIya logoM kI bhASA meM yaha bhairava kI mUrti hai / lekina khagendranAtha mAjI ise bAhubalI ke rUpa meM cinhita karate haiM / mUrti kI U~cAI 5 phuTa caur3AI ke sAtha karIba 2 phuTa IMca hai mUrti ke Upara donoM tarapha ko gaMdharva hai, jinake hAtha meM vINA hai aura jaise ve unheM bajA rahe haiM | nIce kI taraha do nArImUrti hAtha meM cAmara liye khar3I haiM / bAhubalI ke hAtha meM daMr3a sA koI pratIka thA jisakA nicalA aMza aba naSTa ho cukA hai / mUrti ke sira para mukuTa aura kAnoM meM kuMDala hai| gurur3I gA~va ke loga use telakUpI ke pAnI meM se uThA lAe haiM / 1 (2) RSabhadeva kI mUrti ke sira kA aMza nahIM hai / yaha unhIM cAra dIvAroM meM se eka para Tikkara khar3A hai| mUrti kI ausata U~cAI 3 phuTa ATha (8) IMca hai | caur3AI meM 2 phuTa / nIce lAMchana cinha baila utkIrNa hai / mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3I hai| nIce cAmara hAtha meM lie donoM tarapha do nArImUrti / mUrti ke donoM tarapha 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrti khudI huI thI lekina philahAla 20 tIrthaMkara hI bace haiM aura Upara ko paMkti naSTa ho cukI hai I I (3) viSNumUrti : guruDI ke hAla meM batAe eka maMdira meM yaha mUrti najara AtI hai / mUrti kI ausata U~cAI 5 phuTa hai para nIce kI tarapha 6 IMca sImeMTa se grathita kiyA gayA / mUrti 1.5 phuTa caur3I hai / Upara ke donoM hAthoM meM zaMkha aura cakra, nIce bAeM hAtha meM gadA aura dAhinA hAtha

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 287 1/6 abhaya pradAna karatA huA hai / vaha mUrti vastra se DhaMkI huI hai / usake gale meM upavIta (janeU) aura alaMkAra hai / nIce bAI tarapha vINA hAtha meM lie sarasvatI kI mUrti hai aura dakSiNa meM lagatA hai devI lakSmI kI mUrti hai / ina donoM mUrtiyoMkI nirmANa zailI AsAdhAraNa hai / ho sakatA hai ki ye rAjA rUdrazikhara dvArA nirmita mUrtiyAM ho-lekina jora DAlakara kahanA muzkila hai / mUrti ke sira para mukuTa aura kAnoM meM kuMDala ke sivAya usa ghara meM 4 zivaliMga aura eka choTI sI mUrti dekhI jA sakatI guruDI ke karIba tIna kilomITara kI dUrI para lAlapura gA~va basA hai| isa gA~va ke antima chora para bijalI kI coTa khAe eka vizAla vaTavRkSa ke nIce sampUrNa anahelita sthiti meM kucha durlabha jaina mUrtiyAM par3I huI hai| 1. ambikA devI mUrti : yaha mUrti bhagavAna neminAtha kI adhiSTAyika ambikA kI hai| isa para kiye gaye alaMkAra dekhane lAyaka hai / mUrti kA ceharA naSTa ho cukA hai| U~cAI lagabhaga 7 phuTa hai| miTTI ke nIce karIba 11/2 phuTa dhaMsI huI isa mUrti ko telakUpI ke jala se loga uThAkara lAye ho / __isakA dAhinA hAtha pUrA TUTa cukA hai| evaM bAeM hAtha se eka zizu ko pakar3A huA hai jo devI ambikA ke AyuSya haiM / vAtsalya prema kA yaha anupama udAharaNa hai| mUrti apane mUla rUpa meM ati manohara thii| isakA pramANa usake bAloM kI banAvaTa, gale kA hAra aura kAnoM kA kuNDala dekhane se hI milatA hai / isake alAve, donoM hAthoM para bAjUbanda banAe gae haiN| mUrti ke Upara kA aMza bilakula naSTa ho cukA hai| Upara se nIce kI tarapha dekhate hue pahale hameM nRtya karatI eka nArImUrti aura vAdya bajAte hue eka puruSa mUrti najara AtI hai / isa eka hI bhaMgimA meM bane bAI tarapha bhI dikhAI detI hai| ThIka usake nIce cAmara Dolate hue do striyoM kI mUrti aura usake nIce dAhinI tarapha cAmara dhArI eka nArI mUrti / mUrti alaMkAroM aura vastra se susajjita hai|

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288 jainatva jAgaraNa..... 2. bhagna digambara jaina pratimA : kaI eka TUTI mUrti miTTI meM par3I huI dikha jAtI hai / eka tIrthaMkara mUrti kA nicalA bhAga hameM dekhane ko milatA hai| pahale sArI mUrti kamala ke Upara kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3I thii| donoM tarapha 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ khudI huI thI / TUTe hue aMza ke Upara kI taraphavAlI muMha kI sthiti aba bhI utanI hI suMdara hai / usa aMza meM gaMdharva-gaMdhavI aura nIce cAmara pakar3I huI eka strI aura eka puruSa mUrti najara AtI hai / mUrti ke ekadama nIce do hAthI kI AkRtiyA~ khudI huI hai / isase anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha kI mUrti rahI hogI / bAndA kA devAlaya puruliyA ke patthara se bane devAlayoM meM pUrNa sthiti meM bAndA kA devAlaya khar3A hai| sarakArI dekharekha meM hone ke kAraNa aura kAlIsAdhana dAsa nAma ke saMrakSaka ke kAraNa isa devAlaya kA bhAgya dUsare devAlayoM meM kahIM acchA hai| raghunAthapura se jo sIdhA rAstA celiyAmA kI tarapha calA gayA hai, usa para se jAte samaya bAnAdA gA~va par3atA hai / mUla sar3aka se 1. kilomITara ke phAsale para yaha devAlaya banA huA hai| devAlaya se thor3I dUra para IMToM kA vizAla khaMDahara hai / lagatA hai ki yahA~ patthara ke devAlaya ke sAtha-sAtha kaI IMToM ke bhI devAlaya bane the jaise pAr3A, pAkabir3arA, deulaghATA meM pAyA jAtA hai| abhI ye sAre vilupta ho cuke haiM / phira bhI unake khaMDahara par3e hue haiM / yahA~ isa khaMDahara ko khodane para bhI lagatA hai bahuta sAre purAtAttvika avazeSa nikala Aege / abhI bhI isa ilAke meM kuA khodane para, ghara kI bhIta kATane para, purAne samaya kI mudrA, aujAra Adi nikala Ate haiM / inhIM se pramANita hotA hai yahA~ eka mAnava sabhyatA vidyamAna thii| kisI bhI kAraNavaza ve sthAnAMtarita ho cuke haiN| abhI jo parivAra yahAM basa rahe hai, ve yahAM ke Adi nivAsI nahIM hai| ve telakUpI ke nivAsI hai, kintu 1957 meM dAmodara vailI kaoNraporezana ke pAnI meM telakUpI DUba jAne para vahA~ ke loga yahAM Akara basane lge|

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... 289 I bAndA kA devAlaya, rekha zailI meM banA devAlaya hai / eka vizAla patthara ke ahAte para devAlaya khar3A hai / ahAtA lagabhaga 150 phuTa caur3A aura 250 phuTa lambA hai / devAlaya uttara dizA kI tarapha banA hai / sAmane kA bar3A barAmadA patthara se banA huA thA, isakA kucha aMza aba bhI barakarAra hai, para kAphI aMza para abhI taiyArI honA bAkI hai / lekina sampUrNa ahAte ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki yaha barAmadA kitanA vizAla thA / I devAlaya ke praveza patha kI U~cAI 6.5 phuTa hai, caur3AI lagabhaga 3 phuTa kI hai / cAra bar3e patthara ke Tukar3oM ko khodakara praveza dvAra kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / pattharoM ke pAsa rekhAe~ khudI huI hai aura una para citrakArI kI gaI hai| koI bA~surI bajA rahA hai, koI nRtya kara rahA hai Adi / parantu inapara sImenTa kA lepa lagAe jAne ke kAraNa jyAdAtara citra naSTa ho cuke hai / sarakArI kAmakAja meM saMrakSaNa ke nAma para prAcIna saMgrahoM ko bigAr3ane kA acchA udAharaNa isase milatA hai / I 1 I bAndA kA rekha devAlaya apanI bhakti bhUmi para vargakSaitrIya hai / nIce ke aMza kA parimApa lambAI va caur3AI meM 14 phuTa hai / devAlaya kI anumAna se U~cAI 72 phuTa hai | bandhanA aMza ke paravartI patthara ke khaMDoM kI AkRti stara para kATe hue kalaza kI taraha hai / pattharoM ko aisI kuzalatA se biThAyA gayA hai ki donoM ke bIca eka patalI churI bhI nahIM jA pAtI / nIce ke hisse meM pattharoM ke jur3Ana ne loheM kI pina jaisI jur3Ana aujAroM kA vyavahAra huA hai, jise dekhane para Azcarya hotA hai ki usa jamAne meM kisa prakAra binA kisI unnata aujAra ke aisI vaijJAnika tarIkoM se maMdira banAnA saMbhava huA thA / bAndA ke devAlaya jaise pAr3A, telakUpI, deulaghATA, budhapura, pAkabir3arA Adi ke devAlaya bane hue the / lekina sarakArI najara na par3ane ke kAraNa ye sAre devAlaya sadA ke lie miTa cuke hai / inakI banAvaTa kI vaijJAnika zailI bhI bAndA ke devAlaya jaisA hI thA, isakA pramANa Aja bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / devAlayoM ke tInoM tarapha kalAkArI najara meM AtI hai / pahale ho sakatA hai, sAmane devI-devatAoM kI mUrti banI huI thI yA kalAkArI kiye gaye

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290 jainatva jAgaraNa..... khaMbhe banAe gaye the, jo aba nahIM hai| lekina TUTe aMzoM ko dekhakara inake hone kA AbhAsa hotA hai / pUrva dizA ke dIvAra ke nicale aMza meM lagabhaga do phuTa UMcAI meM eka hAthI kA muMha banA huA hai| bhItara ke jala niSkAsana ke liye isakA vyavahAra hotA thA / hAthI ke muMha se nikalA pAnI patthara ke cahabacce meM jamA hotA thA / abhI vaha nahIM hai / deulaghATA, pAkabir3arA telakUpI ke devAlayoM meM bhI aisI jala niSkAsana praNAlI pAI jAtI hai / lekina hara tarapha hI hAthI kA muMha banA ho, aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai / tIna dIvAra ke bandhavA vAle aMza meM tIna jagaheM banI hue hai / ye caur3AI meM 2 phuTa aura lambAI meM 3 phuTa hai / Upara kI tarapha pUrva dizA ke dIvAra . para latA, phUla, patte aura DAla para baiThA pakSI khudA huA hai| phira rekhA se aMkita nakzA jaisA citra banA huA hai| sabase aMta meM jo Amalaka hai, usakI AkRti prasphuTita kamala jaisI hai aura jisase pA~ca padma yA kamala kI AkRti ke khaMDa ko Upara eka hI sAtha jor3akara eka pUrNAMga rUpa dAna karatA huA dikhAyA gayA hai / isa taraha kI zilA puruliyA ke lagabhaga sabhI khaMDaharoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai| isa devAlaya meM philahAla lohe kA geTa lagAyA gayA hai / jaise pAkabir3arA ke devAlaya meM lagAyA gayA hai| pUrva se pazcima kI dIvAra kI tarapha banAyI huI eka vedI / isakI lambAI 6.5 phuTa aura caur3AI 3 phuTa kI hai| philahAla vedI para sImeMTa lagavAkara isakI prAcInatA ko naSTa kiyA gayA hai / kaI sAla pahale taka devAlaya ke bhItara vedI ke sammukha pUraba dizA kI tarapha eka caukonA sA garbhagRha thA, sthAnIya caravAhe bA~sa kI laTThI ko gaDDhe ke bhItara ghusAkara usakI gaharAI nApate the| aMdara kyA thA Ajataka hameM nahIM patA calA aura yaha bAta kAphI rahasyamaya sI pratIta hotI hai / lekina Aja usa garbhagRha ke mu~ha ko banda kara diyA gayA hai / patthara aura sImenTa se DhaMkakara vaha A~khoM se ojhala ho gayA / kakSa ke bhItara koI khodA huA aMza nahIM hai, jisameM cIjeM rakhI jA ske| bAhara se yaha devAlaya bar3A lagate hue bhI bhItara se yaha utanA vizAla nahIM lagatA / isa samaya bhItara kisI prakAra kI mUrti najara nahIM AtI / aMcala

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 291 ke logoM ke anusAra jo mUrtiyA~ devAlaya meM thI, ve anAdara evaM AzAtanA se utpIr3ita ho rahI thii| unakI pUjA arcanA nahIM hotI thI / isa para corabAjArUoM kA haMgAmA, mUrti, curAnekI koziza Adi bAtoM se parezAna gA~va vAloM ne pAsa kI pokharI meM sArI mUrtiyoM ko DAla diyA hai / kaIyoM kA mAnanA hai ki sthAnIya celiyAmA gA~va ke mahAmAyA maMdira meM mUrtiyoM ko lAkara rakhA gayA hai / yaha grAmya devI kA maMdira hai jo prAcIna 'ho' jAti ke logoM dvArA pratiSThita hai / 'ho' kI kuladevI mahAmAyA thii| isa samaya celiyA meM 'ho' jAti ke loga nahIM rahate para unake diye gaye nAma yathAvat raha gaye haiM / yahA~ kI pokhariyoM ke nAmoM ke sAtha 'ho' prayatna yukta ho cukA hai jaise- cA~dAho, rAvAho, gavAho, yA rAho, kuyArI dhaho, galaho Adi / isa jAti kA saMdhAna hameM rAMcI aura hajArIbAga jiloM meM milatA hai / Aja bhI ye loga apane divaMgata logoM ke asthi-visarjana karane ke lie hara sAla telakUpI yA karagAlI ke dAmodara ghATa meM Ate hai / dAmodara ko ve gaMgA ke samAna pavitra mAnate hai jo bhI ho-isa samaya celiyAmA ke mahAmAyA maMdira meM eka sImeMTa se bane baMdI meM jo mUrtiyA~ dekhane ko milatI hai, ve haiM .RSabhadeva : yaha mati khaMDita hai| sirpha sira kA aMza hI bacA huA hai / phi bhI mastaka kA AkAra aura Ayatana dekhakara anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha lagabhaga 4 phuTa U~cI mUrti rahI hogI, jo kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3I rahI hogii| donoM tarapha tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyA~ khudI huI thii| para Aja sabakucha naSTa ho cukA hai| RSabhadeva prabhu ke khaMDita mastaka ke sAtha AbhAmaMDala banA huA hai| yaha mUrti janatA kI A~khoM meM ziva mUrti ke rUpa meM hI paricita hai aura hara dina usI prakAra jalapravAha ke sAtha isakI pUjA bhI hotI hai| ho sakatA hai ki yahI mUrti bAndA ke devAlayoM meM vedI para pratiSThita rahI ho / * gajArUr3hA : yaha AkRti meM choTI hai aura hAthI para AsIna hai| mUrti lagabhaga naSTa ho cukI hai, anuzIlana se yaha ajitanAtha kI zAsanadevI jJAna hotI hai / bAndA ke devAlaya meM ajitanAtha kI mUrti pratiSThita rahI hogii|

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jainatva jAgaraNa....... * tIrthakara mUrti : lagabhaga 2 phuTa U~cI do tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ vedI para pratiSThita kI gaI hai| donoM hI mUrtiyoM kAyotsarga kI mudrA meM khar3I hai| donoM tarapha do aura do cAra RSabhanAtha kI mUrti khudI huI thI / sindUra kA lepa par3ate-par3ate lAMchana cihna pUrI taraha ghisa cuke hai / samajhA nahIM jA sakatA ki ye tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyAM hai / inakI banAvaTa pAkabir3arA yA bArahamAsyA kI mUrtiyoM jaisI thI / 292 ina mUrtiyoM ke alAve aura vibhinna saba mUrtiyoM ke TUTe aMza eka kSaya prApta baila kI mUrti, gaMdharva-gaMdharvI ke TUTe DhA~ce saba lAkara isa vedI para rakhe gaye hai ye mUrtiyA~ SaSThI maiyA ke nAma se grAmINa logoM meM pUjI jAtI hai| gA~va kI mahilAe~ saMtAna - saMtati kI kAmanA se yahA~ mannateM mA~gatI hai| dukhada rupa se yahA~ bhI jaina devI devatAoM kA hindutva meM rUpAMtaraNa ho cukA hai pAr3A kA devAlaya puruliyA zahara se 30 ki.mI. kI dUra para pAr3A grAma basA hai| isI gA~va meM puruliyA kI sabase prAcIna jaina saMskRti ke avazeSa ke rUpa meM patthara se banA devAlaya khar3A hai / kAla kI capeTa meM maMdira kSaya prApta ho cukA hai, jisase Aja usakA mUla rUpa hI kho cukA hai| prAcIna mAnabhUma ke itihAsa ko TaTolane para dekhA jA sakatA hai ki atIta meM yaha gA~va paMcakoTa ke rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI thI / 962 I. ke samayakAla meM yaha rAjaparivAra pAMceta pahAr3a ke pAsa uThakara calA AyA / pAr3A meM iz2amAera nAma kI jo vizAla pokharI hai, vaha kisI prAcIna rAjA dvArA pratiSThita kI gaI hogI / sambhava hai, ki paMcakoTa rAjAoM se pahale yahA~ mAna rAjAoM kA zAsana thA / mAna rAjAoM ke sAtha paMcakoTa ke rAjAoM kI virodhitA huI / isase mAnarAjAoM ko sthAnAntarita honA par3A / paMcakoTa rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM pAr3A jAnA jAtA thA / isakA prabhAva gA~va ke cAroM tarapha banI nAlI ko dekhane se patA calatA hai / philahAla vaha bhI naSTa ho cukI haiN|

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jainatva jAgaraNa..... 293 isa samaya pAr3A meM tIna devAlaya bane hue hai / ina para nIce AlocanA samIkSAtmaka va cintanAtmaka kI jA rahI hai (1) IMTa kA devAlaya : yahI devAlaya sabase prAcIna hai / isakI U~cAI lagabhaga 40 phuTa hai / Upara ke Amalaka aMza kA kAphI sArA bhAga naSTa ho cukA hai / Upara kA kalaza aura dhvajadaMDa bhI lupta ho cukA hai / lagatA hai pahale isakI U~cAI 45 phuTa kI thI / yaha eka rekha devAlaya hai / isakI nirmANa zailI meM oDisI prabhAva suspaSTa hai / sabase bar3I bAta hai ki sampUrNa maMdira para hI AlaMkArika sajAvaTa kI gaI hai| Aja usameM se kucha hI bacA hai, bAkI saba gala cukA hai / bahutoM kA kahanA hai ki yaha maMdira korNAka ke sUrya maMdira jaisA alaMkRta thA / agara saMrakSaNa kiyAjAtA to Aja yaha eka sarvotkRSTa purAtAtvika AkarSaNa hotA / parantu usase pahale hI saba kucha khatma ho cukA hai / abhI bhI nRtya kara rahI nArI, apekSArata nArI, yakSa-yakSiNa, calatA huA ghor3A, gaMgA, yamunA, dvArapAla, kamala kI paMkhur3iyA~, cAra paMkhur3iyoM vAlA phUla, 1. atIta kI koI kahAnI Adi ko maMdira meM ukerA gayA hai / isa devAlaya kI nirmANa prakRti lagabhaga bAndA yA telakUpI ke maMdira jaisA hai, lekina yaha AdhA naSTa ho cukA hai, kyoMki dUsare devAlayoM se yaha adhika prAcIna hai aura isake patthara telakUpI meM prayoga kie prastarakhaMr3oM se adhika narma hai / ho sakatA hai, alaMkaraNoM ke ukerane kI suvidhA ke lie aise narma patthara istemAla meM lAe gae ho / devAlaya dakSiNa mukhI, dvAra para kalAkArI se bharA koI patthara kA phrema nahIM hai / ho sakatA hai, pahale sAmane kI tarapha patthara kA barAmadA huA karatA thA, jo Aja nahIM 1 | patthara ke bane vizAla stambha sAre najara Ate hai / pAr3A kA yaha devAlaya jainoM dvArA hI pratiSThita hai / isI kAraNa dUsare devAlaya jaise isake tIna tarapha tIna jagaheM banI huI hai | kisI tIrthaMkara yA devI - devatAoM kI mUrti inameM bahuta pahale rakhI jAtI thI, para Aja kucha bhI zeSa nahIM hai / prakoSTha ke donoM tarapha do nArI mUrti ca~vara hAtha meM lie khar3I hai / yaha jaina sthApatya kI eka vizeSatA mAnI jAtI hai / isake sAtha hI maMdira para nAnA prakAra I

Page #296
294 jainatva jAgaraNa..... ke manuSya ceharoM ko ukerA gayA hai / isa devAlaya ke Upara kI Amalaka zilA, puruliyA ke dUsare devAlayoM kI zilAoM se kAphI choTA hai / isakA bAkI aMza bhI AkAra meM choTA hai| (2) IMTa kA devAlaya : pahale kahe gae devAlaya se thor3I hI dUra para yaha devAlaya basA huA hai| isakA bhI Upara kA aMza naSTa ho cukA hai / bace hue aMza kI U~cAI karIba 45 phuTa kI hai / isa devAlaya kI AkRti hubahU deolaghATA ke devAlaya se milatI julatI hai / praveza kA dvAra trikoNAkRti kA hai| pahale kisI samaya cUne para nAnA prakAra ke AkRti aura alaMkaraNa banAe gae hoMge, para usakA thor3A sA hI aMza bacA huA hai / phira bhI jitanA bacA hai, usakI suMdaratA para hameM mugdha honA par3atA hai| maMdira ke alaMkaraNa ko zilpakAroM ne choTe-choTe devAlayoM ke rUpa ko IMToM ke dvArA prasphuTita kiyA hai| ratha devAlaya kI AkRti jaise hai, aura devAlaya kI anukRtiyoM ko devatA kI mUrti sthApanA ke lie vyavahAra meM lAyA gayA hai / lekina ekAdhika sthAnoM ke bIca vAlI jagaha hI sabase bar3I hai| pAr3A ke IMTa ke devAlaya meM jaivika cUne ke lepa para phUla, patte, motiyoM kI mAlA, deva-deviyoM kI mUrti, nakze Adi ukere gae haiM / zilpakArI ke anupama udAharaNa ke rUpa meM tAza ke patte jaise caitya gavAkSa ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina sabase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki deulaghATA aura pAr3A ke devAlaya eka hI goSThI ke the evaM lagatA hai ve samakAlIna bhI the / dasavIM se gyArahavIM sadI ke bIca ve rahe hoNge| isa samaya pAr3A ke patthara se bane devAlaya ke bhItara koI vigraha nahIM dikhatA, para IMTa para se bane devAlaya ke bhItara sthita hai eka Sar3abhujA devImUrti / yaha mUrti AkAra meM choTI hote hue bhI eka gola zilApaTa para khudI huI hai| isa taraha kI zilA telakUpI aura bhogar3A meM najara AtI hai| ye jaina AmnAya kI samyaktvI devI siddha hotI haiM, parantu isa samaya meM udayacaMDI ke nAma se Ama logoM dvArA pUjI jAtI hai / hara maMgalavAra dhUmadhAma se devI kI pUjA hotI hai /

Page #297
jainatva jAgaraNa..... 295 durgApUjA ke samaya hara navamI ko yahA~ melA baiThatA hai| (3) raghunAthajI kA maMdira : pAr3A gA~va ke bhItara pazcima chora para kuirI muhalle meM IMTa aura patthara se banA eka majhaule AkAra kA maMdira hai / bAhara se dekhane para do mandira jaisA hameM laga sakatA hai| maMdira kA nIce se AdhA aMza patthara kA banA hai aura Upara kA aMza IMTa se banA hai / maMdira ke pravezadvAra para ardhavRtta AkAra ke patthara kA daravAjA najara AtA hai / usake sAmane jo khulA aMza hai, vaha asala meM barAmadA hai / donoM maMdira ke zIrSabhAga IMToM se bane hai| aura bar3e se sUkSma hote hue vRtta AkAra meM Upara kI tarapha uThakara bindu meM pahu~cakara zIrSa kA nirmANa kiyA thor3A sA bhItara jo kamarA aMdhakAra meM hai, vahI asala meM mUla maMdira hai| vahA~ eka bar3I vedI sthApita hai| pahale isa para koI mUrti rahI hogI para Aja vedI khAlI par3I hai| isa maMdira ke daravAje ke Upara eka zilAlekha hai, parantu nirantara logoM ke atyAcAra ke kAraNa ise par3ha pAnA muzkila hogaa| isake uddhAra hone para bahuta sArI bAteM sAmane aaegii| philahAla yahA~ kRSNa janmASTamI ke avasara para zrIkRSNa kI mUrti banAkara pUjI jAtI hai / aba maMdira nirmANa ke samayakAla para Ate hai| dUsare sthAnoM kI taraha, 'yahA~ bhI koI prAmANika satra nahIM hai| hamArA anumAna hai ki pAr3A ke patthara kA devAlaya navIM sadI kA hai, aura deulapAr3A ke anukaraNa meM taiyAra kie gae pAr3A ke IMTavAle devAlaya kA samayakAla dasavIM se gyArahavIM zatAbdI hai| rAdhAramaNa maMdira dekhane se lagatA hai ki ye hAla hI meM banA huA hai| aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki pahale usa sthAna para dUsarA koI maMdira hogA, jo prAkRtika kAraNoM se TUTa jAne para yaha maMdira aura usake Upara kA hissA patthara ke abhAva meM IMTa se hI banAyA gayA thaa| isa maMdira ne eka dviratna maMdira kA rUpa arjita kiyA hai / aisI kahAvata hai ki mAnasiMha ke samaya puruSottama dAsa ne hI maMdira banAyA thA / ___jo bhI ho, pAr3A meM vartamAna samaya meM nahIM AI haiM koI mUrti najara na AI / lagatA hai, sArI mUrtiyA~ haTA lI gaI hai / je. DI. begalAra ne

Page #298
296 jainatva jAgaraNa..... IMTa ke maMdira meM dazabhujA devI kI mUrti dekhI thI / isa samaya saba kucha calA gayA hai| puruliyA se jisa hada taka mUrtiyA~ corI huI hai usakA koI hisAba nahI hai / duHkha kI bAta yaha hai ki inheM rokane kA bhI koI upAya kisI ke pAsa nahIM hai| hA graMtha meM sahayoga kA - pa. pU. A. bha. puNyaratnasUrijI ma. sA. - zrI latAbena botharA - zrI hIrAlAla TuggaDa - zrI himAMzu jaina (dilhI) - zrI apUrva zAha (navaraMga prinTarsa) - zrI kobA jaina tIrtha (jJAna maMdira) - zrI gItArtha gaMgA jJAna maMdira pUrve prakAzita pustaka kA - mantraM saMsAra sAraM (bhAga 1-5) - jambU jinAlaya zuddhikaraNa - sUrimaMtra kalpa saMgraha - itihAsa gavAha haiM - jainAgama siddha mUrtipUjA History Says (English) - Lights (English)

Page #299
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara droNagiri sonagiri tIruvanaMtapuram bAvanagajA maMdAragiri Asama jabalapura gvAlIyara trIpurA-trInura gopAlAcalaM parvata nainagiri lAhora tIrumalAI tIrumalAI jazavaMtapura

Page #300
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara ka sakkIma laMDana samrAT khAravela zilAlekha, utkala (ur3IsA) 2014 Theyren yeter P TULEVASTI ZA F Gadal SIM CA ( sarAkakSetra NA lipi brAhmI, bhASA mAgadhI, samaya I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI King Muhameghevahana Kharvela of Kalinga and his Jain counol hat Udayagmri in the 13th year of his reign (2nd Century BC) * NamokAra mahAmaMtra kA sabase prAcIna likhita rUpa vizvakA sabase prAcina lekha ajamera ke pAsa dArjIlIMga gaMgAzahara mukhya maMdira devagiri iMDonezIyAsamudrameM jaina prabhujI bellArI kerala hamAcalapradeza sImogA doha sarAkakSetra

Page #301
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara karNATaka udayagiri raMguna(myAnamAra) kerala zrIlaMkA zrIlaMkA mahArASTra vidhyAcala jamma EUNCH saraka kSetra-orissA viyatanAma badoha boDo jaMgala thAileMDa badAha

Page #302
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara vinasnapalinantlemania Fenengeroinecasisamananews nagarapArakara derAura AtmArAmajI ma.ke caraNa ta mArobAla pAkistAna riyA zanivApI bhagavAsanandira gujarAMvAlA thA jismandira meM rIya mAgAdhipati nArovAla lAhora myujhIyama AtmArAmajI ma.ke caraNa gujarAMvAlA hiMgalAja mAtA karAci viriniyAvAti narala AyA mAna zrImad vijayAvanna sUrIzvarajI ma.sA. mA (pAvinAya) myUmimA mAhiyAlayAkA gujarAMvAlA haidarAbAda rAvalapIMDI siyAlakoTa dhArAkI kveTA

Page #303
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara viyeTanAma barmA thAilenDa kuMDalapura O muDavidrI maTha thAilenDa puruliyA lAlamandira dilhI muDavidrI maTha cambalezvara barmA bAvanagajAjI muDavidrI maTha nepAla LOVE leha-kAzmira

Page #304
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara leha-kAzmira tAraNagiri jhAjapura dakSINa bhArata dakSINa bhArata muMdrA-kaccha nepAla gvAliyara gvAliyara gvAliyara aphadhAnistAna irAka FONINGEENTIPANTARA MAOLHAILI BLORIRAMLAON tibeTa tibeTa tibeTa

Page #305
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara / FES aphadhAnistAna irAka tirumalAi pezAvara vidizA umatA pa.baMgAla tIrumalAi uttarairAka HEESEE aphadhAnistAna muDabiMdrI maTha tIrupAtura lAtura umatA himAcalapradeza

Page #306
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara zrIraMgapuram mAladivsa khaMDagira thAilenDa raziyA- hoTala 4 islAmAbAda-pAkistAna damoha-ema.pI. suvarNaprabhu dharmasthala zrIsaMgapurA aMdAmana dvipa zrIlaMkA Vinagam baDoda hiMgalAjamAtA- pAkistAna JOB DE ajImagaMja bAlI dvIpa

Page #307
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara jAvA-sumAtrA lAosa inDonezIyA-samudrameM inDonezIyA-samudrameM inDonezIyA-samudrameM inDonezIyA-samudrameM HA JAN SANGATHA jAvA-sumAtrA devagiri zrInagara-kAzmIra turki pa.baMgAla paMjAba ONE pa.baMgAla jhArakhaDa bardhamAna-pa.baMgAla

Page #308
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara tamilanADu bAgAna - barmA zrIvatsapura mahAra suvarNamahora- pAkistAna bAMgalAdeza tamilanADu - barmA bAgAna - rIsAla pAkistAna hastaka kAzmIra asama karNATaka inDonezIyA - samudrameM Ancient Jain Tirthankal idols found at Devagiri * devagiri bAMgalAdeza bhUTAna

Page #309
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara ajamera zarIpha svarNaprabhu - kaMdahAra myujhIyama kaMndahAra myujhIyama mohenjodaDo ORDI padmanAbhamaMdira- keralA DhAi dina kA jhopaDA- ajamera bhIlavADA mAMgI-tuMgI goDI- thAra- pAkistAna padmanAbhamaMdira- keralA mahArASTra harappA tirupati bAlAjI nainagiri

Page #310
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara goviMdagiri lAhora myujhIyama paMjAba tibeTa sIyoMga-cAinA udepura ke pAsa AN TIRTHANAF nemAvara aruNAcala pradeza trIpurA kaMboDIyA (aMgakoravATa) kaMboDIyA (aMgakoravATa) kaMboDIyA (aMgakoravATa) kaMboDIyA (aMgakoravATa) jAvA-sumAtrA jAvA-sumAtrA

Page #311
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara baMdA (orissA) tAmilanADu bhIlavADA ke pAsa jAverI lAmilanADu ajamera ke pAsa atizaya kSetra neminAthanemagirI jira ajamera ajamera nAgadA sAMgAnera mInAkSI mandira ke pAsa karNATaka siyAlakoTa nepAla takSazilA pAkistAna

Page #312
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara mAMgItuMgI moMgolIyA moMgolIyA zravaNabelagoDA maTha gvAlIyara haspeza maTha sAutha idamapura takSazilA-pAkistAna aMgavArakoTa aMgavArakoTa khaMDagiri kuMbhalagaDha kubhalagaDha A. kuMda kuMda caraNa

Page #313
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara lAhora zrInagara zrI munirAja manAcArya samAdhi sthala A. mAnatuMga jahAjapura viyatanAma MASSAGES vidizA purAlIyA A. mAnatuMga barmA barmA barmA sayakakSetra ratnamaya mandira barmA nAgadaya

Page #314
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara SCOPE lAtura mIthIlA kaMdahAra sarAkakSetra sarAkakSetra sarAkakSetra ISRO sarAkakSetra zivalIMgam karAMcI-manira ke avazeSa karAMcI-raNachoDa lAina / uddhatI amana gujarAMvAlA pAvAgaDha pa.bagAla

Page #315
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara dIbeha MMM kutuba mInAra mAladIvsa aMgavarakoTa kailAza giri tIbeTa kuvvatula islAma masjida kala-barulAma dAsa kI gati masjida ke nAma se prasiddha yaha imArata bhArata meM sthita prAcIna masjida hai| isake madhya sthi 232.9 sahana se cAroM aura dAlAna bane haiM jisameM prayukta svam tathA dUsarI rAjA hindU jaina isa masjida kA nirmAtA kRSTI rocaka ne se 1157 ke cIra svAya mukhya imArata ke sAmane meM sAga isame TopoM para kI kutuba mInAra ko gaI thii| 33 pA~va bAlI - dvipa ratnamaya ratnamaya sAutha meM prApta badeha bAlI - dvipa ratnamaya hariyANA

Page #316
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara suvarNaprabhu pa. baMgAla aphadhAna jahAjapura madurAi pa. baMgAla dholAvIrA ( harappana saMskRti) karAMcI tIruvaMtapura cAinA 74974 3 bAMgalAdeza orissA karAMcI madurAI cAinA

Page #317
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara AyAga paTTa bhIlavADA kveTA zAMtinagara vayetanAma ijharAyala boDo tIbeTa tAivAna zrIlaMkA dakSiNa bhArata takSazilA pAkistAna sAudI arevIyA bAgAna (barmA) goviMdagiri

Page #318
mahArASTra harappA vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara mahArASTra zrIkoda kerala aMgakoravATa harappA sAgara (ma. pra. ) mAMgItuMgI bAlI - dvipa tAmilanADu jahAjapura tAmilanADu nemAvara aMgakoravATa

Page #319
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara kajhAkistAna ijharAyala raziyA jAvA - sumAtrA rohatAka Cine kajhAkistAna kuMboDIpI jApAna jAvA - sumAtrA zivalIMgam lAosa rujhaMgama sarAkakSetra bAgAna BA devagiri

Page #320
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara BAR PRE RE jammu muDabIdI zrIpura ELIATRICTURE barmA karNATaka mohe-jo-daDo iMgaleMDa iMgaleMDa aphaghAna hariyANA aphaghAna sarAkakSetra sarAkakSetra sarAkakSetra uttarapradeza

Page #321
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara dazaradhapura barmA kailAzagiri badanAvara jarmanI aMgavidyA prata (jarmanI) zrI 1008 sakaTahara bAnAtha digaMbara jana atizaya kSetra, jainagirI jaTavADA nAyaka pArzvanAtha jI va anya manohArI pratimAce jainagiri jAvarA mAinsa kailAzagiri osiyA mAtA jarmanI mahAlakSmI mandirakolhApura mahAlakSmI mandirakolhApura sarAkakSetra sAM

Page #322
vizva meM cAro aura phailI jainazAsana kI dharohara sarAkakSetra sarAkakSetra sarAkakSetra yamanAbhatvAmi mandira dhArAkI ratnamaya mandira ratnamaya mandira ratnamaya mandira ratnamaya mandira 2444 ratnamaya mandira ratnamaya mandira ratnamaya mandira ratnamaya mandira ratnamaya mandira ralamaya mandira

Page #323
pa.pU. A. kanaka-devendra-kalApUrNasUri ma. ke AjJAnuvartinI pa.pU. pravartinI-mahattarA sA.caMdrodayAzrIjI mahArAjajI ko koTIzaH vaMdanA... HISTORICAL JAIN QUEEN The Queen of Spices Abbakka was a Jain Queen of Ullal ( Mangalore). She was infact the first Indian to fight the war of independence even before Rani Laxmibai. Even the Mughals & Portugals where afraid of her name, But she received rich encomiums from Persians and many Europeans including her enemies. She was also known as QUEEN OF SPICES. A fighter in war, she was noble at heart. She built many Jain temples. Labove-aJain Temple by Abbacca]

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pratApIpUrvaja kaccha-mAMDavI nivAsI... kacchI vizA osavAla jJAtiya... zeTha zrImAnasaMga bhojarAjajI dvArA hue satkArya. vikrama saMvata 1901, meM pa.pU.A.ratnasAgarajI ma.sA. kA preraNA se giranAra madhye zeTha mAnasaMga bhojarAja ToMka kA nirmANa va zeTha mAnasaMga bhojarAja dharmazALA kA nirmANa (jo abhI dIgaMbara jainoM ke hAtha meM hai) jUnAgar3ha gA~va meM jinamandira kA nirmANa va aMjanazalAkA pratiSThA (giranAra para zeThamAnasaMga bhojarAja Toka upara sabhI jinabimbo kI aMjana-pratiSThA junAgaDha gA~va meM huI thI) (pre.pU.A. ratnasAgarajI ma.sA.) (vi.saM.1901) - giranAra se goDI thAra (tharapArakara-sIMdha, hAla pAkistAna) kA bhavya saMgha (vi.saM.1902) - derAnavAba (sIMdha) meM pratiSThA (pre.pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA.) (vi.sN.1904)| - dharAkI (sIdha) aMjana-pratiSThA (pre. pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA.) (vi.saM.1904) - guMjarAvAlA (yati kI baDI pozAla) pratiSThA (pre. pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA.) (vi.saM.1906) - karAcI mandira kA nirmANa tathA pratiSThA (pre.pU.A. ratnasAgarajI ma.sA.) (vi.saM.1907) / - kveTA mandira meM pratiSThA (pre. pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA.) (vi.saM.1909) - giranAra meM jinAlaya ke guptakhaMDa meM vizeSa ratnamandira kA nirmANa (2020 meM vyavasthA ke kAraNavaza yaha mandira anyatra sIphTa kIyA gayA hai) (vi.saM.1910) - ajimagaMja meM aMjanazalAkA-pratiSThA (pre. pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA.) (vi.saM.1919) - jagatazeTha parivAra kI maitrI se sammedazikhara, rAjagira, caMpApurI, murzidAbAda meM pratiSThA kA lAbha milA (vi.saM.1919) - jesalamera meM jinabiMba kI pratiSThA (pre. pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA.) (vi.saM.1923) - lAhora-paThAnakoTa meM pratiSThA (pre. pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA.) (vi.sN.1925)| - siddhAcala tIrtha para 11 jinabiMbo kI pratiSThA (pre. pU.A. ratnasAgarajI ma.sA.) (vi.saM.1929) - gujarAMvAlA baDI pozAla kA nirmANa (vi.saM.1926) (jahA~ pU.AtmArAmajI ma.sA. kA kAladharma huA) - rAvalapIMDI meM jJAnabhaMDAra kA nirmANa, pAdukA kI pratiSThA (pre. pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA.) (vi.saM. 1926) - 300 lahIAo ko rojI dekara suMdara sAhitya kA lekhana, pU.A.jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA. ke pAsa karIba - 14,000 prateM lIkhavAI jo rAvalapIDI ke jJAnamandira meM rakhIMhuI thI / (abhI lAhora ke myujhIyama meM sabhI prate surakSIta hai) / - pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA. kI mahattama kRpA rahI aura pa.pU.A.ratnasAgarajI ma.sA. kA sadA sAtha rahA [ AdhAra :- pU.A. jinaratnasUrijI ma.sA. kA rAsa, sIMdhatIrthayAtrAsaMgraha, kacchI vizA osavAla vaMzavelA, ujjayaMtagiri-giranAra tIrtha (zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhI dvArA prakAzita), vaMzasUci pArivArika noMdha, prApta hastapate va Tabbe, giranAra tIrtha, jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha (bhAga-1,2,3)]