Viroday Mahakavya Aur Mahavir Jivan Charit Ka Samikshatmak Adhyayan

Author(s): Kamini Jain
Publisher: Bhagwan Rushabhdev Granthmala
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006158/1

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mAtA ke solaha svapna : prakAzaka : bhagavAna RSabhadeva graMthamAlA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI sAMgAnera, jayapura (rAja.) DaoN. zrImatI kAminI jaina 1014101

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -: AzIrvAda : munizrI 108 sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja kSu. 105 zrI gambhIrasAgara jI mahArAja kSu. 105 zrI dhairyasAgara jI mahArAja -: lekhaka :DaoN (zrImatI kAminI jaina ema.e. (hindI, saMskRta) -: prakAzaka : bhagavAna RSabhadeva graMthamAlA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, Salee sAMgAnera (jayapura) phona : 0141-2731952, 2730390 >>

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preraka prasaMga : parama pUjya saMta ziromaNi AcArya zrI 108 vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke parama ziSya tIrtha kSetra jIrNoddhAraka, AdhyAtmika saMta munizrI 108 sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja evaM kSullaka 105 zrI gambhIrasAgarajI mahArAja evaM kSullaka 105 zrI dhairyasAgarajI mahArAja ke varSa 2004 varSAyoga sUrata (gujarAta) ke pAvana prasaMga para prakAzita / saMskaraNa I.S.B.N. pratiyA~ mUlya : prathama, 2005 (5) : 81-7772-009-0 : 1000 : 75.00 (punaH prakAzana hetu surakSita) prApti sthAna : bhagavAna RSabhadeva graMthamAlA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera - jayapura (rAja.) phona : 0141-2730390 pheksa : 0141-2731952 : mudraka : zrI padama kampyUTara senTara 1471, nATANiyoM kA rAstA, caur3A rAstA, jayapura (rAjasthAna)

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -: puAjaka :zrImatI zakuMtalA devI rAjIva jI bhauMca sUrata (gujarAta) -: prakAzaka: bhagavAna RSabhadeva graMthamAlA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sA~gAnera (jayapura) phona : 0141-2731952, 2730390 .

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prakAzakIya samarpaNa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja munizrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja paMcAcAra yukta, mahAkavi, dArzanika vicAraka dharmadivAkara, Adarza cAritranAyaka, kunda-kunda kI paramparA ke unnAyaka, saMta ziromaNi, samAdhi samrATa, ___ parama pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke kara-kamaloM meM evaM inake parama suyogya ziSya jJAna, dhyAna tapa yukta zramaNa saMskRti ke rakSaka, kSetra jIrNoddhAraka, vAtsalya mUrti, samatA svAbhAvI, jinavANI ke yathArtha udghoSaka, AdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika saMta muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja ke kara-kamaloM meM AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra byAvara (rAja.) evaM zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera, jayapura kI ora se sAdarasamarpita

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prakAzakIya cAritra cakravartI, rasasiddha mahAkavi pU. AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke praziSya evam santa ziromaNi mahAkavi pU. AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke prabhAvaka ziSya pU. munipuMgava sudhAsAgarajI eka ora itihAsa-nirmANI sAMskRtika upakramoM ke preraka haiM aura samAja ke AbAlavRddha samudAya ke satpathadarzaka haiM to dUsarI ora ve jainAcAryoM ke kAlajayI sAhitya ke anuzIlana, parizIlana evam vyApaka anusaMdhAna hetu vidvAnoM kA dhyAnAkarSita karate rahate haiN| pUjya munipuMgavazrI ke AzISa se likhita zodha-prabandhoM kI zrRMkhalA meM DaoN. zrImatI kAminI jaina ke vaiduSyayukta adhyavasAya se saMgrathita prastuta prabandha "vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana carita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" jisa para lekhikA ko 'mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya' dvArA pIeca.DI. upAdhi se alaMkRta huyI hai, bhagavAna RSabhadeva granthamAlA, sAMgAnera-jayapura ke sahabhAgitA se prakAzita karate hue kendra ati harSita hai| - AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra kI sthApanA kI pIThikA meM pUjya munivara kA bhAva hai ki jainAcAryoM kI kAlajayI kRtiyA~ samAja ke audAsInya se kAla-kavalita na ho jAya~ tathA sAmpradAyikatA kI kaluSita bhAvanA kA zikAra hokara upekSita na hoM tathA unakA samyak mUlyAMkana ho sake, sAhitya ke itihAsa meM unakA yathAnurUpa samAdRta sthAna prApta ho, zramaNa sAhitya kA vidvad varga meM pracAra/prasAra ho, jainetara vidvAn bhI jainAcAryoM kI pratibhA evam vizva saMskRti ko pradatta unake avadAna se avagata

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hoN| ataH mahAkavi bra. bhUrAmala zAstrI (apara nAma cA.ca. AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja) dvArA viracita laghutrayI (sudarzanodaya, dayodaya, bhadrodaya) para byAvara (rAja.) meM Ayojita akhila bhAratIya jainAjaina vidvAnoM kI saMgoSThI meM vidvAnoM ke abhimata para munizrI ke bhAvoM kI kriyAnviti hetu "AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra" kI sthApanA kI gyii| prakAzita sAhitya pAThakoM ko saralatA evaM sahajatA se upalabdha ho sake aisI bhAvanA ke sAtha munizrI kI hI preraNA evaM AzIrvAda se bhagavAna RSabhadeva granthamAlA sAMgAnera kI sthApanA kI gii| ___ bhagavAna RSabhadeva graMthamAlA ke saMyukta sahakAra se kendra dvArA sau se adhika graMthoM kA prakAzana kiyA jA cukA hai tathA AcArya jJAnasAgara vAGmaya para 25 se adhika mahAnibandhoM kA lekhana kArya vividha vidvAnoM dvArA tathA Una vidyA para arddhazatakAdhika zodhArthI vidvAnoM dvArA vizvavidyAlayIya zodhopAdhi pIeca.DI. hetu zodha prabandhoM kA lekhana sampAdita huA hai tathA samprati eka darjana se adhika zodhachAtra jaina vidyA ke vividha pakSoM para kendra ke sahayoga se apane zodha-anusaMdhAna kArya meM saMlagna haiN| ___ "laghutama samaya meM aise aneka pratimAna-saMsthApaka kArya kisa prakAra saMbhava ho sake?" yaha jijJAsA prAyaH aneka vyaktiyoM dvArA kI jAtI hai aura jaba uttara milatA haiM ki yaha saba mAn purAtattva saMrakSaka, asaMbhava sadRza mahAn sAMskRtika upakramoM ke saMpreraka, vidvat kalpataru, jJAna ratha ke sArathI upasargajayI, mahattapasvI, AdhyAtmika santa munipuMgava sudhAsAgarajI ke AzISa kA kamAla hai|" to jijJAsu-janoM ke mauna mukhara ho uThatA hai-"munipuMgava sudhAsAgara kA tapobala nizcaya hI anupama aura acintya hai;" agara munivara na hote to kauna saikar3oM tIrthakSetroM ke purAtattva kA

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(iii) vAstuzAstrAnusAra saMrakSaNa karAtA? vidvAnoM ko jaina vidyAoM ke uddhAra kI dizA meM kauna pravRtta karatA? yuga pravAha ke kAraNa calatI mithyAtva kI A~dhI ko kauna rokatA? astu| zrImatI kAminI jaina sAhityika pratibhA kI dhanI sthApita viduSI lekhikA hai| pUjya munivarazrI kI pravacana gaMgA meM snAta hokara ArSamArga kI paramparA se sambaddha huyI haiM, pUjya munizrI ke AzISa se unhoMne vIrodaya mahAkAvya evam vizvavandya bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke lokottara carita kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prakRta grantha meM prastuta kiyA hai| zodha prabandha vizvavidyAlIya uccatama mAnadaNDoM ke anurUpa sajjita ho etadartha jainavidyAoM ke zodhAnusaMdhAna evam utkarSa meM satata nirata mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya ke vividha ucca padoM ko alaMkRta kara cuke susiddha manISI pro. DaoN. sumana ke prati kendra kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hai evam viduSI lekhikA isa vidvatApUrNa parizramAnvita sArasvata kArya ke liye unaheM sAdhuvAda arpita karate hue AzA karatA hai, unakI pratibhA se sarasvatI kA bhaNDAra aura vRddhigata hogaa| __ prakRta grantha kA vidvatApUrNa sampAdana saralatA, sajjanatA va sAtvikatA kI pratimUrti paM. zrI abhayakumAra jaina, jainadarzanasAhityAcAryA kI nyAyapUrNa lekhanI se kiyA gayA hai| paM. zrI abhayakumAra jI jo bhI kArya karate haiM pUrI ImAnadArI se zraddhA aura bhaktibhAva pUrvaka karate haiN| paM. jI ke prati kendra AbhAra vyakta karatA hai| zrI pradIpajI luhAr3iyA, jayapura ne mudraNa kArya kI vyavasthA meM jo sahayoga diyA hai, vaha unakI gurubhakti evam zrutabhakti kA nidarzaka hai, ve sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| hamArA vizvAsa hai bhArata ke zramaNa saMskRti ke anurAgI jainA-jaina vidvAnoM ke sArasvata sahayoga se zramaNa sAhitya kA

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(iv) candra sadA apanI zAntimayI zItala razmiyoM se santapta vizva kI pIr3A haregA aura Andodyota kA vitAna kregaa| paramapUjya munipuMgavazrI, jinakI kRpA-kora se zramaNa saMskRti ke durlabha-utkarSa kI AzAe~ balavatI huyI haiM, ke prati sazraddha trikAla nmo'stu| jinavANI mA~ kA laghu zizu prAcArya aruNakumAra jaina jainadarzana-vyAkaraNAcArya, ema.e. Adi nidezaka A.jJA.vA.vi. kendra, byAvara

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(v) prAkkathana saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kA praNayana rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata se mAnA gayA hai| tatpazcAt yaha prabhAva kAlidAsa, zrIharSa Adi kaviyoM meM dekhA jAtA hai / IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke prathama saMskRta jainakavi jainAcArya samantabhadra hue haiN| isI paramaparA meM bIsavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya jJAnasAgara ne aneka jaina mahAkAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| unhoMne saMskRta vAGmaya kA tathA jainadharma, jainadarzana kA vidhivat anuzIlana - parizIlana kara Atma-sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha sAhitya - sAdhanA bhI anavarata kI hai, jisake phalasvarUpa mAnavasamAja ko jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, bhadrodaya, mahAkAvya samudracarita evaM dayodaya campU jaise kAvya saMskRta bhASA meM upalabdha hue haiM aura hindI meM bhI unakI aneka racanAe~ prApta haiN| jana-jana ke nAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samagra jIvana-darzana ko AtmasAt karane kA bahuAyAmI puruSArtha unhoMne AjIvana brahmacarya pAlana kA vrata lekara prArambha kiyA / aise 20vIM zatAbdI ke mahAmanA svanAmadhanya bra. bhUrAmala ne marUdharA rANolI kI urvarA bhUmi meM apanI paryAya sArthaka karate hue jJAnasAgara ke rUpa meM paMcamahAvratoM ko niSThApUrvaka aMgIkAra kara sva-kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha samagra mAnava-samAja ke kalyANArtha anupama kAvya vidhA dI / unhIM meM se eka vIrodaya mahAkAvya hai / AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM mahAvIra jaise sarvazreSTha mahApurUSa ko apanI kathA kA nAyaka cunA hai, jinakA carita uttarottara camatkArI hai| 22 sargoM meM nibaddha isa mahAkAvya meM kavi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke carita ko lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA se citrita kiyA hai / grantha meM kuNDanapura nagara kA prAkRtika saundarya-varNana, Rtu-varNana aura rAjA siddhArtha tathA rAnI priyakAriNI ke anupama vAtsalya ko bhI yathAsthAna darzAyA hai| prastuta "vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" nAmaka zodha-prabandha ko chaha adhyAyoM meM

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(vi) vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya meM prAkRta, saMskRta evaM apabhraMza meM carita-kAvya kI paramparA meM varNita tIrthakara paramparA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke viSaya meM vivecanA kI gaI hai tathA prAkRta kAvyoM meM tiloyapaNNattI, vimalasUrikRta paumacariyaM aura dhanezvarasUrikRta surasundarIcariyaM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ___ saMskRta-kAvyoM kI paramparA meM asagakavi viracita vardhamAnacarita, raviSeNa kA padmacarita, jaTAsiMhanandi kA varAMgacarita, vIranandikRta candraprabhacarita aura AcArya jJAnasAgarakRta vIrodaya mahAkAvya Adi pramukha haiN| apabhraMza-sAhitya meM varNita carita-paramparA ke antargata rayadhU viracita mahAvIracariu, sirihararacita vaDDhamANacariu, jayamittahallaviracita vardhamAnakAvya vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| isa adhyAya meM antima pariccheda meM mahAvIracarita sAhitya kA vikAsa, Adhunika sAhitya meM varNita mahAvIracarita aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke carita kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM AcArya jJAnasAgara ke vyaktitva ko pratipAdita karate hae jayodaya mahAkAvya kI samIkSA kI gaI hai tathA isake kathAnaka kI aitihAsikatA prastuta karate hue mahAvIracarita-paramparA kA prabhAva darzAyA gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM sudarzanodaya kI samIkSA ke antargata zIla kI mahimA aura gRhasthAcAra kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| bhadrodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kara samudradatta carita kI kathA kA uddezya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AcArya jJAnasAgarakRta dayodaya campU kI kathAvastu kI prAcInatA, vaiziSTya aura ahiMsA-vrata kI upAdeyatA bhI prastuta kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM vIrodaya ke svarUpa ko pratipAdita karate huye kAvya kI mahattA, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva bhArata kI sAmAjika, dhArmika sthiti kA citraNa, pUrva-bhavoM kA varNana tathA mahAvIra kA samagra jIvana-darzana darzAyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA tAtkAlika rAjAoM para prabhAva, gRhastha-dharma evaM muni-dharma kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI samozaraNa kI racanA, divya-dhvani kA prabhAva, siddhAntoM kI prarUpaNA, sarvajJatA kI siddhi va bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mokSa-gamana evaM paurANika AkhyAnoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai|

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(vii) caturtha adhyAya meM vIrodaya ke kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana meM kavi kI kAvyAtmakatA, chanda prayoga, alaMkAroM kA vivecana, rasAnubhUti, bhASA-zailI, saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA tathA anya kAvyoM se tulanAtmaka samIkSA kI gaI hai| paMcama adhyAya meM vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jisameM sAmAjika citraNa, varNa-vyavasthA, parivAra, samAja va sAmAjika saMgaThana, nItigata vyavasthA, samAja meM anuzAsana, rIti-rivAja, veza-bhUSA va rahana-sahana paddhati kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| isameM dhArmika anuSThAna, vrata, upavAsa, zikSA evaM zikSA-paddhati, jIvamAtra para dayA, sahiSNutA ke sAtha-sAtha kalA-citraNa kA mUlyAMkana bhI kiyA gayA SaSTha adhyAya ke antargata dharma kA svarUpa, dharma kI mahattA, deva, zAstra, gurU kI bhakti, ratnatraya kA svarUpa, puNya-pApa vivecanA tathA vIrodaya meM karma siddhAnta kI samIkSA prastuta karate hue sadAcAra evaM zAkAhAra jIvana-zailI va purUSArtha catuSTaya ke mahattva ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta chaha adhyAyoM kI viSaya-vastu ke AdhAra para prApta niSkarSoM ko upasaMhAra meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| zodha-prabandha meM jina granthoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai, unakI sUcI, zabdakoza tathA zodha se sambandhita vibhinna patra-patrikAoM kI sUcI aMta meM dI gaI hai| yaha puNya yoga hI hai ki AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke parama ziSya munipuMgava zrI 108 sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja ne prastuta viSaya para zodha-kArya karane kI preraNA aura AzIrvAda diyA tathA kSullaka zrI gambhIrasAgara jI, kSullaka zrI dhairyasAgara jI ne anumodanA kii| munizrI ne zodha--prabandha kI saMkSipta rUpa rekhA ko bhI dekhA aura vIrodaya mahAkAvya hastalikhita grantha ko dekhane kA sujhAva diyaa| munizrI ke caraNoM meM kRtajJatA pUrvaka zata-zata namana tathA kSullaka-dvaya ko karabaddha icchaami| zodha evaM anusaMdhAna ke ucca mAnadaNDoM ke anurUpa kArya kI prAyojanA, usake parIkSaNa, ucita nirdezana tathA vartamAna rUpa meM kRti ko prastuta karane meM mere zodha nirdezaka jainavidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, mAnavikI saMkAya, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura ke viziSTa sammAnita

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(viii) pro. DaoN. prema sumana jaina ke mArgadarzana, pUrNa sahayoga evaM apUrva sneha ke prati jitane zabdoM meM AbhAra vyakta karU~, bahuta kama hai tathApi hArdika kRtajJatA nivedita karatI haiN| sAtha hI DaoN. sAhaba kI dharmapatnI zrImatI DaoN. saroja jaina ke vAtsalyabhAva ke prati tathA parijanoM ke sahayoga evaM vibhAga ke vidvAna DaoN. udayacanda jaina, vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. hukamacanda jaina ke mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga ke prati bhI AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| apabhraMza akAdamI ke nidezaka prajJAmanISI DaoN. kamalacanda saugANI, prAcArya DaoN. zItalacanda jaina, DaoN. pI. sI. jaina, DaoN vimala kumAra jaina jayapura, DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina gAjiyAbAda, Adi sabhI vidvajjanoM kA samaya-samaya para mArga darzana milatA rahA hai, astu inake prati bhI AbhArI huuN| mere anusaMdheya viSaya ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karane meM mere pati DaoN. sanata kumAra jaina pravaktA zrI digambara jaina AcArya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura kA Adyanta sahayoga prApta huA hai| inake prati AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| putra nirayala jaina bI.I. ilekTroniksa injIniyara prathama varSa ke sahayoga ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| Age bar3hane kI preraNA aura AzIrvAda se upakRta maiM apane pitAzrI amaranAtha jaina, mAtA zrI dhanavantI devI jaina ke prati zraddhAvanata huuN| isa kArya meM nirantara utsAha dilAne hetu bahina kalpanA evaM zrI ajayakumAra jI kA snehabhAva smaraNIya hai| zrI mahAvIra digambara jaina bAlikA mAdhyamika vidyAlaya, jayapura kI pradhAnAdhyApikA zrImatI i pATanI, adhyakSa zrI zreyAMzakumAra godhA, maMtrI zrI rAmacaraNa zAha ke prati bhI hRdaya se AbhAra prakaTa karatI hU~, jinhoMne isa kArya kI mujhe svIkRti pradAna kI tathA apane una samasta mitragaNoM ko bhI AbhAra detI hU~, jinhoMne zodha-kArya hetu zubhakAmanAyeM pradAna kI haiN| kampyUTarsa para kArya karane vAle pradIpa luhAr3iyA, unake sahayogI ucchaba kumAra jaina ko bhI dhnyvaad| unhoMne samaya para isa zodha-prabandha kA TaMkaNa-kArya sampanna kraayaa| nirantara sAvadhAnI rakhane ke pazcAta bhI itane bar3e kArya meM truTiyA~ raha jAnA saMbhava hai, jisake lie maiM hRdaya se kSamAyAcanA karatI huuN| zodhakartI 11 maI 2004 zrImatI kAminI jaina

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sampAdakIya vIrodaya mahAkAvya rANolI (sIkara-rAjasthAna) ke seTha caturbhuja aura unakI ardhAginI ghRtavarI devI ke sapUta paM. zrI bhUrAmala jI zAstrI kI eka viziSTa kRti hai| paM. zrI bhUrAmala jI hI bAda meM cAritra patha para agrasara hokara AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara ke nAma se eka lokavizruta jaina santa hue| ye mahAkavi kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha, zrIharSa, Adi prAcIna kaviyoM kI zreSTha kAvya-paramparA ko punarUjjIvita karane vAle 20vIM zatAbdI ke eka pratibhA sampanna suprasiddha yazara mahAkAvyakAra/sAhityakAra haiN| inhoMne isa sadI meM bhI ina prAcIna mahAkaviyoM ke mahAkAvyoM ke samatulya saMskRta meM uccakoTi ke mahAkAvya aura caritakAvyoM kI racanA kI hai aura hindI bhASA meM bhI aneka amUlya kRtiyoM kA sRjana evaM padyAnuvAda kiyA hai tathA aneka TIkAeM bhI likhI haiN| isa prakAra inhoMne saMskRta evaM hindI ke sAhitya-bhaMDAra ko samRddha banAyA hai| ye suprasiddha kRtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM - saMskRta bhASA meM - (ka) mahAkAvya-jayodaya/vIrodaya/sudarzanodaya/bhadrodaya (kha) caritakAvya-munimanoraMjanAzIti dayodaya (campUkAvya) (ga) jainasiddhAnta-samyaktvasAra zataka / (gha) dharmazAstra- pravacanasAra prtiruupk| hindI bhASA meM - (ka) caritakAvya - RSabhAvatAra/bhAgyodaya/vivekodaya/ gunnsundrvRttaant| (kha) dharmazAstra - kartavyapatha pradarzana/sacittavivecana/tattvArthasUtra TIkA/ maanvdhrm| (ga) padyAnuvAda - devAgama stotr/niymsaar/assttpaahudd| (gha) anya kRtiyA~ - svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma/jaina vivAha vidhi|

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(x) prastuta zogha-prabandha kA AdhAra "vIrodaya' mahAkAvya hai| yaha 22 sargoM meM nibaddha, zAnta-zrRMgAra-karUNarasoM se bharapUra, rasa-bhAva-guNAlaMkAroM se vibhUSita, anuprAsa evaM tukAnta vinyAsa se yukta, sundara AkarSaka RtuvarNanoM se manohArI, grAma-nagara-bAjAra-mArga-koTa Adi ke vaibhavapUrNa varNana se yukta, prauDha pANDitya-sampanna eka saphala duSprApya mahAkAvya hai, jo zramaNoM-zramaNopAsakoM kI dinacaryA kA digdarzana karAte hue unake kartavyAkartavya kA bodha karAtA hai, sadAcAra, sadvicAra, sadvyavahAra ke sAtha-sAtha dharma, naitikatA aura rAjanIti kI bhI zikSA detA hai| jIvana kI AdhyAtmika unnati/pravRtti kI bhI preraNA pAThakoM ko detA hai| bhale hI yaha mahAkAvya dharmazarmAmyudaya, candraprabhacarita, munisuvrata-kAvya tathA naiSadhIyacarita kAvyoM se prabhAvita ho tathApi isameM apanI maulikatA tathA vaiziSTaya hai| isameM kavi kI apanI anUThI kalpanAe~, hRdayAlAdakArI utprekSAe~, prabhAvI bimba-pratibimba aura pANDityapUrNa rasa-chanda-alaMkAroM kA saMyojana hai| anuprAsa aura tukAntavinyAsa kI chaTA hI nirAlI hai, tisa para dezaja evaM tadbhava pracalita apracalita zabdoM tathA lokoktiyoM/kahAvatoM kA prayoga bhASA ko sugama tathA artha ko camatkArI banA detA hai| viSaya ke pratipAdana kI zailI bhI unakI apanI hai| mahAkAvya kI kasauTI para kharA utarane se yaha mahAkAvya to siddha hai hI, isameM bha. mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt kI pravRttiyoM kA kAlakramAnusAra prAmANika kathana hai tathA rAjA, rAjya tathA unakI rAjadhAniyoM ke nAmoM ke ullekha se yaha eka itihAsagrantha bhI hai| paurANika kathAoM ke citraNa/ varNana se purANa ke vaiziSTaya se yukta hokara bhI yaha purAtAttvika pravRttiyoM kA bhI pradarzaka hai| gRhastha aura munidharmoM ke svarUpa ke sAtha-sAtha brAhmaNa ke kartavyAkartavyoM kA vizada vivecana hone se yaha dharmazAstra bhI hai| anekAntavAda, syAdvAda, sarvajJatA kI siddhi tathA vibhinna dArzanikoM ke matoM kA khaNDana aura jinamata ke maMDana hone se yaha nyAyazAstra kI bhUmikA bhI nibhAtA hai| aneka zabdoM kA saMkalana/prayoga hone se yaha zabdazAstra bhI hai| (vIrodaya mahAkAvya prastAvanA - pR. 2)

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isa mahAkAvya ke nAyaka jainAbhimata 24veM tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM jo dhIrodAtta, dayAvIra aura dharmavIra haiN| jainadharma meM vIrapUjA kI mAnyatA hai| janasAmAnya kI rUci ke saMvarddhaka-poSaka sarvAdhika prabhAvaka vyaktitva ke dhanI lokakalyANakArI mahApurUSa vIra kahalAte haiN| tIrthakara mahAvIra aise hI prabhAvaka vyaktitva ke dhanI, lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA se otaprota, dayA kI pratimUrti, dharmacakra pravartaka, lokottara mahApurUSa the| mahAkavi AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara jI ne inhIM vIraprabhu ke caritra ko apane isa mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai| ___purUravA bhIla kI paryAya se mahAvIra taka ke aneka bhavoM kA isameM citraNa hai| siMha paryAya se uttarottara jIvana kI AdhyAtmika pragati ko prastuta kara pazu se paramAtmA banane kA patha-prazasta kiyA hai| tapa aura jJAna ke bala se Atmonnati ko darzAkara sabhI saMsAriyoM ko AtmajAgRti kara Atmonnayana kI preraNA dI hai| aise vIragAthAtmaka caritra hI lokarUci ke viSaya banate haiN| isa mahAkAvya meM vIra ke udaya- (mahAvIra kI AdhyAtmika unnati) kA citraNa hai| ataH yaha mahAkAvya apane nAma kI sArthakatA (vIra kA udaya = vIrodaya) vyakta karatA hai| inhIM lokottara mahApurUSa zrI vIraprabhu ke caritra kI samIkSA hetu isa "vIrodaya" mahAkAvya kA cayana viduSI lekhikA zrImatI kAminI jaina jayapura ne kiyA hai| unakA viSaya hai - "vIrodaya mahAkAvya evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caritra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyyn|" udayapura vizvavidyAlaya ke pro. DaoN. zrI premasumana jainavADmaya ke adhyetA manISI vidvAna haiM, jinake kuzala mArgadarzana meM viduSI mahilA zrImatI kAminI jaina ne zodha evaM anusaMdhAna ke ucca mAnadaNDoM ke anurUpa yaha zodha-prabandha likha kara pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI hai aura mahilA-samAja ke gaurava ko bar3hAyA hai| zrImatI jaina eka sAhityika rUci-sampanna viduSI mahilA haiM, jinhoMne isa zodhaprabandha ke pUrva bhI sAhitya sRjana kiyA hai| (1) aviveka kI A~dhI (2) samAja kA darpaNa (3) cetanA kA jAgaraNa (4) saMyamavANI jaise zikSAprada preraNAdAyI prabhAvI ekAMkiyoM kI racanA kI hai

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(xii) tathA aneka kavitA-kahAniyoM ko likhakara hindI sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko bharA hai| isake sAtha hI aba isa 20vIM sadI ke kavikulagurU aneka kAvyoM ke praNetA svanAmadhanya paM. zrI bhUrAmala jI zAstrI (A. zrI jJAnasAgara jI) dvArA racita isa vIrodaya mahAkAvya para yaha zodha prabandha likhakara "DAkTareTa" kI upAdhi pAyI hai| niHsandeha zrImatI kAminI jaina sAhitya-sRjana evaM zodha-khoja kI gaharI rUci sampanna medhAvI mahilA haiN| bhaviSya meM sAhitya jagata ko inase bahuta AzAe~-apekSAe~ haiN| inake ujjavala bhaviSya kI hama kAmanA karate haiN| inakA yaha zodha-prabandha 6 adhyAyoM ke 23 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale-dUsareM meM pAMca-pAMca, tIsare meM cAra aura cauthe, pAMcaveM tathA chaThe a yAyoM meM tIna-tIna pariccheda haiM, jinameM varNita viSaya ko lekhikA ne granthArambha meM prAkkathana meM tathA grAnthAnta ke upasaMhAra meM de diyA hai| isakI sUcI bhI prArambha meM dI gaI hai| ataH yahAM isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| isa zodha prabandha ke anuzIlana evaM antaHparIkSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki isake lekhana meM viduSI lekhikA ne athaka parizrama kiyA hai| A. zrI jJAnasAgara jI ke samagra sAhitya ke gahana anuzIlana ke sAtha-sAtha zatAdhika anyAnya sandarbha-granthoM, patra-patrikAoM aura koza-granthoM ko dekhA-parakhA-samajhA hai, adhyayana-manana kiyA hai| granthAnta meM sandarbha granthoM patra-patrikAoM evaM koza-granthoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| isa zodha prabandha ke sandarbho kA satyApana kara saMzodhana kara diyA gayA hai tathApi a yAya 5 ke kucheka sandarbho (a. 5 pariccheda / sandarbha- 3, 8, 13) kA satyApana abhI bhI apekSita hai| lekhikA ke mantavya evaM vicAroM ko surakSita rakhate huye kucha sthAnoM para viSaya ke samAyojana, bhASA ke parimArjana tathA punarAvRtta katipaya aMzoM ko haTAne se evaM lIDiMga kama karane, zabda kA AkAra choTA karane se mUla kAvyaprabandha ke AkAra meM laghutA AyI hai| kahIM-kahIM sandarbhAnusAra kucha aMza jor3e bhI gaye haiN|

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(xiii) zabda saMkalana zabda mImAMsA - AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI eka acche zabdazAstrI aura vyAkaraNavettA bhI the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne naye-naye zabdoM kA sRjana kara apane kAvyoM meM prayoga kiyA hai| isake atirikta aneka bhASAoM (hindI/urdU / phArasI/aMgrejI) ke pracalita-apracalita dezaja tathA tadbhava Adi zabdoM kA prayoga bhI yathAsthAna apanI racanAoM meM kiyA hai| samasAmayika pracalita zabdoM/ samasyAoM/ ghaTanAoM/rAjanetAoM/mahApurUSoM/prAcIna AcAryoM/suprasiddha prAcIna racanAoM Adi kA ullekha bhI apanI kRtiyoM meM jahA~-tahA~ prasaMgAnusAra kiyA hai| aneka zabdoM ke artha bhI vyUtpattipUrvaka prastuta kiye haiN| loka pracalita lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA prayoga bhI inake kAvyoM meM yatra tatra avalokanIya hai| vIrodaya mahAkAvyagata aise katipayaya zabdoM, lokAktiyoM Adi kA saMkalana kara zodha-prabandha ke anta meM eka pariziSTa meM diyA gayA 1. roTikAM moTayituM hi zikSate/ zmazRM svakIyAM balayan /na ko'pi kasyApi vabhUva vazyaH / 2. telaphulelAdi/makhamalottUlazayanAt/jhalaMjhalAvazIbhUtaH/ gllkphullkaa/tuulkutho| 3. lopI/nigale/galAlaMkaraNAya/ naukA-maukA/ neka/vArdala/ puccha/khaTTika/ berdlm| 4. satyAgraha / asahayoga/ vahiSkAra/ mhaatmaa/svraajypraaptye| 5. devaagm/aaptmiimaaNsaa| 6. samantabhadra/pUjyapAda/prabhAcandra/akalaMka/ nemicandra/ zubhacandra/ cAmuNDarAya/ nAgArjuna/pANDava/ bhISmapitAmaha / sudAmA / 7. A. zrI ke samagra sAhitya se aise zabdoM kA saMkalana/ mImAMsA/vyAkhyA Adi bhI anveSaNIya hai jo kisI vyAkaraNavettA vidvAna dvArA pRthaka pe anusandheya hai|

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(xiv) sUktiyoM kA samAveza - AcAryazrI ke sAhitya meM yatratatra sUktiyA~ bhI samAviSTa haiM, jo bar3I mArmika prabhAvI zikSAprada, mAnanIya-pAlanIya-gRhaNIya haiN| vIrodaya mahAkAvya se aisI katipaya sUktiyoM kA saMkalana kara paricchedoM ke anta meM rikta sthAnoM meM inheM artha sahita samAyojita kara diyA hai tAki pAThaka inase bhI satpreraNA lekara Atmonnayana kara skeN| ____ paramapUjya gurUvarya munizrI 108 zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja dvArA sauMpe gaye isa uttaradAyitva ko vahana karane kI yadyapi mujhameM sAmarthya nahIM thii| vaise bhI kisI bhI grantha kA sampAdana sahaja kArya nahIM hotaa|) tathApi pUjya gurUvarya ke Adeza ko zirodhArya kara isa dAyitva kA nirvahana kiyA hai aura unhIM ke zubhAzIrvAda evaM kRpA se ise pUrNa kiyA hai| isa dAyitva ke nirvahana meM hama kahA~ taka saphala ho sake haiM ? isakA parIkSaNa pUjya gurUdeva evaM anya manISiyoM para nirbhara hai| jo bhI ThIka bana par3A ho, use pUjya gurUdeva kI kRpA evaM AzIrvAda kA hI pratiphala samajhie tathA kamI evaM truTiyoM meM hamArI ajJAnatA evaM pramAda ko kAraNa maaniye| tadartha hama kSamAprArthI haiM aura prabuddhajanoM se unakA parimArjana prArthanIya hai| paramapUjya gurUvarya zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja ke zrIcaraNoM meM koTizaH nmn| zrI mahAvIra jayantI - caitra zuklA, tryodshii| vIra nirvANa saMvat 25311 vikramasaMvat 2062/dinAMka 22 apraila 2005, shukrvaar| abhayakumAra jaina, prAcArya (sevAnivRtta) ema.e. bI.eDa., sAhityaratna, sAhityAcArya . jainadarzanAcArya, prAphatAcArya sampAdaka

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(xv) (samarpaNa samana) vizvavanda, jagadupakArI, bhavya jIvoM ke hRdaya samrATa, saMtaziromaNi, adhyAtma rasAsikta, mahAn dArzanika, tatvAnuveSI, digambarAcArya 108 zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke suyogya ziSya, zramaNa saMskRti ke unnAyaka, sAdhanA patha ke pathika, tIrtha kSetroM ke jIrNoddhAraka, satapatha prazastA, jaina saMskRti ke parama saMrakSaka, prakhara medhA sampanna, guru AjJA meM pUrNa niSThAvAna, tapomUrti, AcAryazrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke sakala vAGmaya ko saMgoSThiyoM va zodhAtmaka kAryoM dvArA jana-jana meM samAhita karane vAle Agama prabhAvaka, naitika va cAritrika mUlyoM ko pratiSThApita karane vAle, ojasvI vaktA, pravacana pravINa, AdhyAtmika saMta 108 munizrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja kI preraNA aura AzIrvAda ke phalasvarUpa yaha kRti prastuta ho / sakI hai| ___mA~ bhAratI ke tapaHpUta paramavandIya pUjya 5 munizrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke karakamaloM meM vinamra praNatipUrvaka yaha kRti sAdara samarpita zraddhAnvitA DaoN. kAminI jaina "caitanya" jayapura

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(xvii) kRti-nidhi saMskRti va sAhitya vaidika yuga se prabhAvita hokara, jJAna mandAkinI apanI abAdhagati se bahatI huI jisa prakAra kavi kAlidAsa, vANabhaTTa, zrIharSa, bhAravi, mAgha Adi kaviyoM ko apane atula vaibhava se rasAsikta karatI huI, apanI kamanIyatA ko sAhitya dharAtala para ukeratI huI, sarasa, subodha va jana-jana ke lie sugrAhaya banI usI prakAra bIsavIM sadI ke agragaNya kAvyAcArya, mahAkAvya praNetA AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, bhadrodaya va dayodaya campU jaise mahAkAvyo kI jJAna jyoti, navInatama prakAzapuJja kI bhA~ti Alokita karane kI divyadRSTi paramapUjya 108 muni puMgava zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ne dI; pUjya munizrI kI preraNA va AzIrvAda se ukta sAhitya para vibhinna viSayoM ko lekara zodha-kArya hue / viSaya kI vyApakatA aura upAdeyatA aura mahatva se samprerita hokara maiMne vIrodaya mahAkAvya ko hI apanI pIeca.DI. upAdhi hetu viSaya cunA / "vIrodaya mahAkAvya evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana carita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" viSaya para mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya udayapura meM pro. DaoN. premasumana jaina ke nirdezana meM zodha kArya kI prAyojanA isa prakAra taiyAra kii| prastuta zodha prabandha ko chaha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya meM 'prAkRta saMskRta evaM apabhraMza meM caritakAvya kI paramparA meM varNita tIrthakara paramparA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke viSaya meM vizeSa vivecanA kI gaI hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM AcArya jJAnasAgara aura unake kAvyoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM vIrodaya kA svarUpa tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samagra jIvana darzana darzAyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana tathA paMcama adhyAya meM vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| chaThe adhyAya meM vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM varNita bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / anta meM viSaya-vastu ke AdhAra para prApta niSkarSo ko upasaMhAra ke antargata AMkalana kiyA gayA hai /

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(xviii) isa zodha prabandha kI rUparekhA ko munizrI ne dekhakara AzIrvAda diyA ! merA puNyayoga hI thA ki zodha-kArya ke lie pUjya munizrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja kA AzIrvAda milA tathA saMghastha kSu. zrI gambhIrasAgara jI mahArAja, kSu. zrI dhairyasAgara jI mahArAja, bra. saMjaya bhaiyA jI ne protsAhita kiyaa| __pUjya munizrI ke caraNoM meM vinamra namostu evaM kSullakadvaya ko icchAmi va saMjaya bhaiyA ko jaya-jinendra nivedita karatI huuN| prAkRta vibhAga, mAnavikI saMkAya, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya udayapura ke viziSTa sammAnita pro. premasumana jaina ke pUrNa sahayoga evaM sneha ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatI huuN| sAtha hI DaoN. sA. kI dharmapatnI zrImatI DaoN. saroja jaina evaM DaoN. udayacanda jaina, DaoN. hukamacanda jaina, DaoN. kamalacandra saugANI, prAcArya DaoN. zItalacanda jaina, DaoN. pI.sI. jaina, DaoN. vimalakumAra jaina, DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina Adi vidvajjanoM kA samaya-samaya para mArgadarzana milA rahA, astu inake prati AbhArI huuN| mere anusaMdheya viSaya ko pUrNa karane meM, mere pati DaoN. sanatakamAra jaina pravaktA zrI digambara jaina Acarya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya sAMgAnera, jayapura kA Adyanta sahayoga prApta huA, inake prati AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| putra nizcala jaina bI.I. ilekTroniksa iMjIniyara tRtIya varSa ke sahayoga ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| Age bar3hane kI preraNA aura AzIrvAda se upakRta maiM apane pitA zrI amaranAtha jaina, mAtA zrImatI dhanavantI devI jaina ke prati bhI zraddhAvanata hU~ tathA una sabhI vidvajjanoM ke prati kRtajJa hU~ jinakA zodhakArya meM pratyakSa va parokSa rUpa meM sahayoga prApta huA hai| sAtha hI zAstrakAroM, zAstrabhaNDAroM, prakAzakoM ke sahayoga ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| paramapUjya munizrI 108 sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja jinheM yaha grantha samarpita kiyA gayA hai, ke prA. AzIrvAda kA pariNAma hai| "vIrodaya mahAkAvya eva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana carita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" kRti munizrI kI kRpA se Apake hAtha meM hai| unake jJAna, dhyAna aura tapomaya jIvana ko merI zraddhA aura bhakti samarpita hai| zraddhAnvitA DaoN. kAminI jaina "caitanya" jayapura

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(xix) viSayAnukramaNikA krama. saM. pRSTha saMkhyA prakAzakIya prAkkathana (i) - (iv) (v) - (viii) (ix) - (xiv) (xvii) - (xviii) sampAdakIya kRti nidhi 1-38 prathama adhyAya zramaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya kA vikAsa aura mahattva pariccheda - 1 zramaNa dharma aura tIrthakara paramparA pariccheda - 2 prAkRta kAvyoM meM mahAvIra carita-paramparA pariccheda - 3 saMskRta kAvyoM meM mahAvIra carita-paramparA pariccheda - 4 apabhraMza sAhitya meM mahAvIra carita-paramparA pariccheda - 5 mahAvIra carita sAhitya kA vikAsa aura mahAvIra carita kA mahattva dvitIya adhyAya 39-90 AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara jI aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA pariccheda - 1 AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva pariccheda - 2 jayodaya mahAkAvya kI samIkSA pariccheda - 3 sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya kI samIkSA pariccheda -4 bhadrodaya mahAkAvya kI samIkSA pariccheda - 5 dayodaya kI kathAvastu kI prAcInatA evaM vaiziSTaya tathA ahiMsAvrata kI upAdeyatA

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(xx) tRtIya adhyAya vIrodaya kA svarUpa pariccheda - 1 (ka) vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA pratipAdya viSaya (kha) mahAvIra ke janma ke pUrva bhArata kI sAmAjika evaM dhArmika sthiti (ga) mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana (gha) mahAvIra kA samagra jIvana-darzana pariccheda - 2 (ka) bha. mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA tAtkAlika rAjAoM para prabhAva (kha) gRhasthadharma aura munidharma kA varNana pariccheda - 3 (ka) samozaraNa kI racanA aura usakA vaiziSTya (kha) divyadhvani kA prabhAva (ga) siddhAntoM kI prarUpaNA pariccheda - - 4 (ka) sarvajJatA kI siddhi (kha) bha. mahAvIra kA mokSa-gamana (ga) paurANika AkhyAnoM kA digdarzana 91 - 180 caturtha adhyAya vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana pariccheda 1 kavi kI kAvyAtmakatA, kAvya ke pramukha aMga aura vIrodaya meM chanda prayoga pariccheda - 2 vIrodaya meM alaMkAra evaM rasa prayoga pariccheda - 3 vIrodaya kI bhASA zailI tathA anya kAvyoM se tulanA 181 - 244 paMcama adhyAya vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana pariccheda 1 sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika citraNa - vIrodaya meM varNita bhAratIya 245-288 saMskRti/varNavyavasthA/parivAra/samAja/ sAmAjika saMgaThana / nItigata vyavasthA / rAjanaitika vyavasthA / daNDa vyavasthA / Arthika vyavasthA/sAMskRtika vyavasthA / samAja meM anuzAsana / sAmAjika rIti-rivAja / samAnatA va samatA kA mahattva / mantra evaM

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(xxi) andhavizvAsa/ zramaNoM kI RddhiyA~ evaM vidyAe~/gaNadhara/ zakuna/vezabhUSA/rahana-sahana paddhati pariccheda - 2 dhArmika anuSThAna evaM zikSA - vIrodaya meM vrata, upavAsa evaM tapoM kA varNana/zikSA va zikSA-paddhati/gurU-ziSya sambandha/dayA evaM sahiSNutA kA citraNa pariccheda -3 kalA citraNa -- vyakti citra evaM pratIka citra/citrakalA-mUrtikalA-- sthApatya kalA kA citraNa SaSTha adhyAya 289 - 326 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pariccheda - 1 dharma kA svarUpa evaM mahattva pariccheda-2 deva-zAstra-gurU kA svarUpa evaM bhakti/ratnatraya kA svarUpa/nizcaya/ vyavahAra mokSamArga/puNya-pApa evaM karma siddhAnta kI vivecanA pariccheda - 3 sadAcAra evaM zAkAhAra jIvana-zailI - vIrodaya ke sandarbha sahita zAkAhAra kA mahattva evaM purUSArtha catuSTaya kA vivecana upasaMhAra 327 - 332 pariziSTa 333 - 336 sahAyaka granthasUcI 337-341 kozagrantha sUcI evaM patra-patrikAoM kI sUcI 342 00

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adhyAya zramaNadharma meM tIrthaMkara paramparA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita sAhitya kA vikAsa aura mahatva pariccheda zramaNa dharma aura tIrthakara paramparA - 1 - 1 zramaNadharma jainadharma Atma-darzana ke rUpa meM usa samaya se pratiSThita rahA hai, jaba se Atma-vijaya kI pravRtti kA prArambha huaa| vedatrayI ke paravartI sAhitya meM jina aura jainamata ke spaSTa ullekha prApta hote haiN| isa kAla meM Akara loga isa dharma ko jainadharma aura isake puraskarttAoM ko 'jina' nAma se vyavahRta karane lage the, yogavAziSTha' zrImadbhAgavata' viSNupurANa', zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa', padmapurANa' matsyapurANa' Adi meM jina, jainadharma Adi nAmoM se ullekha milatA hai / prAcIna sAhitya meM jainadharma ke liye 'zramaNa' - zabda kA bhI prayoga milatA hai / dazavaikAlika - sUtra kI 173 TIkA meM AcArya haribhadrasUri ne 'zramaNa' - zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai'zrAmyantIti zramaNAH tapasyante ityarthaH / arthAt jo zrama karatA hai, kaSTa sahatA hai, tapa karatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai 1 zrImadbhAgavata meM zramaNoM kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo vAtarazana urdhvamanthI zramaNa muni haiM, ve zAnta, nirmala, sampUrNa parigraha se sanyasya brahmapada ko prApta karate haiM / 'zramaNAH digambarAH zramaNAH vAtarazanAH' "zramaNa" digambara nirgrantha muniyoM ko kahA jAtA thA / bhArata meM zramaNoM kA astitva ati prAcInakAla se pAyA jAtA hai| DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra 'zramaNa - paramparA ke kAraNa brAmhmaNa-dharma meM vAnaprastha aura sanyAsa ko prazraya milA / ' jainadharma meM zramaNa aura vrAtya zabdoM ke samAna

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2 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 'Arhat' zabda kA prayoga bhI ati prAcInakAla se hotA AyA hai| zrImadbhAgavat meM to 'Arhat'-zabda kA prayoga kaI sthAnoM para huA hai| eka sthAna para bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke sambandha meM likhA hai - "tapAgni se karmoM ko naSTakara ve sarvajJa 'arhat' hue aura unhoMne 'Arhat'-mata kA pracAra kiyaa| ____ mohanajodar3oM meM kucha muhareM aisI milI haiM, jina para yoga--mudrA meM yogI-mUrtiyAM aMkita haiN| unake sira para trizUla hai aura caraNoM meM eka bhakta karabaddha namaskAra kara rahA hai| usa bhakta ke pIche vRSabha khar3A hai| yogI ke isa pariveza aura parikara ko Adi tIrthakara bha. vRSabhadeva ke pariprekSya meM jainazAstroM ke vivaraNa se tulanA karane para unameM atyanta sAmya daSTigata hotA hai| prasiddha vidvAna zrI rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara isI bAta kI puSTi ko hue likhate haiM 'mohana jodar3oM kI khudAI meM yoga ke pramANa mile haiM, ve jainadharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke haiM jinake sAtha yoga aura vairAgya kI paramparA usI prakAra lipaTI huI hai jaise kAlAntara meM vaha ziva ke sAtha sambandhita thii| DaoN. ema. ela. zarmA0 likhate haiM- 'mohanajodar3oM se prApta muhara para jo citra aMkita hai, vaha bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA hai| yaha citra isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki Aja se pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva yogasAdhanA bhArata meM pracalita thI aura usake pravartaka jainadharma ke Adi tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva the| tIrthakara-paramparA .. jainadharma meM mAnya tIrthaMkaroM kA astitva vaidika kAla ke pUrva bhI vidyamAna thaa| upalabdha purAtatva saMbaMdhI tathyoM ke niSpakSa vizleSaNa se yaha nirvivAda siddha ho jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI paraMparA anAdikAlIna hai| vaidika vADmaya meM vAtarazanA muniyoM, kezImuni aura vrAtya kSatriyoM ke ullekha 'Aye haiM, jinase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki purUSArtha para vizvAsa karane vAle dharma ke pragatizIla vyAkhyatA tIrthakara prAga--aitihAsika kAla meM bhI vidyamAna the| vaidika saMskRti meM hI vedoM ko sarvopari mahattva dekara

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya...... 3 mAnava-jJAna kI pUrNa pratiSThA nahIM huI hai, apitu zramaNa-saMskRti meM bhI vItarAgI, hitopadezI aura sarvajJa tIrthaMkara kI pratiSThA kara mAnavatA ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| tIrthakara: vyutpatti "tIrthaM" kA artha 'pula' yA 'setu' hai| kitanI hI bar3I nadI kyoM na ho, setu dvArA nirbala se nirbala vyakti bhI use sugamatA se pAra kara sakatA hai| tIrthakaroM ne saMsAra-rUpI saritA ko pAra karane ke liye dharma-zAsana rUpI setu kA nirmANa kiyA hai| 'tIrtha'-zabda 'ghATa' artha meM bhI vyavahRta hai| jo ghATa ke nirmAtA haiM, ve tIrthakara kahalAte haiN| saritA ko pAra karane ke liye ghATa kI bhI sArvajanIna upayogitA spaSTa hai| Agama batalAtA hai ki atIta ke anantakAla meM ananta tIrthaMkara huye haiN| vartamAna meM RSabhAdi caturviMzati tIrthakara huye haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI caturviMzati tIrthakara hoNge| prasiddha dArzanika vidvAna DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan kA nimnalikhita kathana ullekhanIya hai, "IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI pUjA hotI thii| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki jainadharma vardhamAna aura pArzvanAtha se bhI pahale pracalita thaa'| "yajurveda meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tInoM tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza hai| bhAgavata purANa bhI isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jainadharma ke saMsthApaka the| vizva ke prAcIna vAD.maya meM RSabhadeva kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| usakI eka RcA meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA ullekha AyA hai| 'RSabhaM mA samAnAnAM sapatnAnAM viSAsahim / haMtAraM zatruNAM kRdhi virAjaM gopitaM gavAm / / " - Rgveda 10,166,11 yajurveda aura atharvaveda meM bhI RSabhadeva kA ullekha hai| zrImad bhAgavata meM viSNu ke caubIsa avatAroM meM eka RSabhAvatAra bhI svIkRta kiyA gayA hai, jisase Adi tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI aitihAsikatA bhI siddha hotI hai|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AcAryakalpa paMDita ToDaramala jI ne apane 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' meM batAyA hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha, dvitIya ajita, saptam supArzva, 22veM ariSTanemi aura 24veM mahAvIra kA ullekha yajurveda meM hai / DaoN. visenTa e. smitha ke anusAra mathurA saMbaMdhI anveSaNoM se yaha siddha hai ki jaina dharma ke tIrthaMkaroM kA astitva I. san se pUrva meM bhI vidyamAna thA / RSabhAdi 24 tIrthakaroM kI mAnyatA sudUra prAcInakAla meM pUrNatayA pracalita thI / " unameM se nimna tIrthakaroM ke vizeSa varNana upalabdha haiM tIrthaMkara nami 4 anAsakti yoga ke pratIka 21veM tIrthakara naminAtha haiM / RSabhadeva ke anaMtara naminAtha kA jIvanavRtta jainettara sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai| nami mithilA ke rAjA the aura unheM hindU purANoM meM janaka ke pUrvaja ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| nami tIrthaMkara I. san se sahasroM varSa pUrva huye haiM / tIrthaMkara neminAtha 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA varNana jainagraMthoM ke alAvA Rgveda, mahAbhArata Adi graMthoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| ye yaduvaMzIM the| inake pitA kA nAma samudra vijaya thA / ye kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the / neminAtha kA samaya mahAbhArata kAla hai| yaha kAla I. pUrva 1000 ke lagabhaga mAnA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA janma banArasa ke rAjA azvasena aura unakI rAnI vAmAdevI se huA thA / inhoMne tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM gRha tyAga kara sammedazikhara para tapasyA kI thI / yaha parvata abhI bhI pArzvanAtha parvata ke nAma se prasiddha hai| pArzvanAtha ne kevalajJAna prApta kara 70 varSo taka zramaNa-dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| jaina purANoM ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 250 varSa pUrva arthAt IsA pUrva 527+250 tra 777 IsA pUrva meM huA thA / pArzvanAtha kA zramaNa - paraMparA para gaMbhIra prabhAva hai| DaoN. zrI hIrAlAla jaina ne likhA hai- bauddha graMtha 'aMguttaranikAya', 'cattukkanipAta' ( bagga 5 ) aura usakI 'aTThakathA' meM ullekha hai ki gautama buddha kA cAcA ( vappa zAkya) nirgrantha zrAvaka thA /

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya...... 5 pArkhApatyoM tathA nirgrantha zrAvakoM ke isaprakAra ke aura bhI aneka ullekha milate haiM, jinase nirgrantha dharma kI sattA buddha se pUrva bhalIbhA~ti siddha ho jAtI hai|12 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa pazcAt pragatizIla paraMparA ke saMsthApaka 24veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra huye haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI yaha paraMparA vaijJAnika dRSTi se satya kA anveSaNa karane vAlI eka pramukha paraMparA rahI hai| mahAvIra dharma-pravartaka hI nahIM, balki mahAna lokanAyaka, dharmanAyaka, krAMtikArI sudhAraka, sacce patha pradarzaka aura vizva baMdhutva ke pratIka the| isa prakAra isa yuga kI tIrthaMkara-paramparA kI aMtima kar3I bhagavAna mahAvIra haiN| mahAvIra ne jana-jana ko to unnata kiyA hI, sAtha hI unhoMne sAdhanA kA aisA mArga prazasti kiyA jisa mArga para calakara sabhI vyakti sukha aura zAMti prApta kara sakate hai| kuNDalapura ke rAjA siddhArtha kI rAnI trizalA ne caitra zukla trayodazI ko eka tejasvI putra ko janma diyA sarvaguNa sampanna bAlaka kI varIyatA ko parakha siddhArtha va trizalA ne atyadhika AhlAdita ho samRddhi ke sUcaka varddhamAna nAma se alaMkRta kiyaa| vardhamAna kA lAlana-pAlana rAjaputrocita rUpa se hone lgaa| unakI chavi jahAM sabakA mana moha letI thI, vahIM asAdhAraNa pratibhA se bhI loga prabhAvita hote the| varddhamAna ko kalAcArya ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana hetu bhejA gayA, kintu ve to sabhI kalAoM ke jJAtA the| varddhamAna jaba lagabhaga 8 varSa ke the taba ve apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha pramada-vana meM krIDA karane gye| yaha khela vRkSa ko lakSya karake khelA jA rahA thaa| jaba ve apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha khela rahe the, tabhI indra dvArA prerita saMgama deva unakI parIkSA karane aayaa| saba lar3ake to phuphakArate huye sarpa ko dekhakara bhAga gaye, kintu varddhamAna jarA bhI vicalita nahIM huye aura apane sAthiyoM ke bhaya kA dUra karane ke liye sarpa ko pakar3akara dUra haTA diyaa| varddhamAna ke parAkrama va sAhasa ko dekhakara usa saMgama deva ne unheM

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 'vIra' nAma se alaMkRta kiyaa| madonmata hAthI ko vaza meM karane ke kAraNa 'ativIra' tathA samIcIna buddhi ke kAraNa 'sanmati' aura karma-zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane ke kAraNa ve mahAvIra bhI khlaaye| ____ bAlaka varddhamAna meM yauvana ke sAtha-sAtha adhyAtma ke bIjarUpI satya, ahiMsA, asteya, ke aMkura bhI prAraMbha se hI prAdurbhUta hone lage the| rAjA siddhArtha va rAnI trizalA mahAvIra ke vivAha ke svapna saMjoye the; parantu unakI pravRtti bhogoM kI ora nahIM thii| ve prAyaH ekAnta meM baiThakara saMsAra ke svarUpa para gahana vicAra kiyA karate aura Atma cintana meM lIna ho jAte the| ataH unakI cintana dhArA ne unheM bhogoM ke prati udAsIna banA diyaa| 30 varSa ke yauvana kAla meM mahAvIra ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| eka dina ve Atma cintana meM nimagna the| unhoMne avadhi jJAna se apane pUrvabhavoM ko dekhA aura vicAra kiyA ki aba mujhe Atma-kalyANa kA mArga khojanA hai aura AtmasAdhanA dvArA Atmasiddhi kA lakSya prApta karanA hai| bAraha varSoM taka kaThora tapa karate rhe| anta meM jRmbhika grAma ke bAhara RjukUlA nadI ke taTa para manorama vana meM zAlavRkSa ke nIce eka zilA para pratimAyoga se dhyAnArUr3ha ho gye| unakA sampUrNa upayoga AtmA meM kendrita ho gayA aura vaizAkha zukla dazamI ko pAvana aparAnha samaya meM phAlgunI nakSatra meM kevalajJAna ko prApta kiyaa| cAroM jAti ke deva aura indroM ne zraddhA-bhakti-pUrvaka bhagavAna kI stuti kI aura kevalajJAna kalyANaka kA mahotsava mnaayaa| saudharmendra kI AjJA se kuvera ne samavazaraNa kI racanA kii| bhagavAna mahAvIra lokAttara mahApurUSa the| unake vyaktitva aura dezanA kA prabhAva nirdhana se lekara rAjamahaloM taka samAna rUpa se pdd'aa| bha. mahAvIra kI ahiMsA aura jIvana-siddhAntoM se prabhAvita hokara vaidika brAmhmaNoM ko yajJAdi kA rUpa badalanA pdd'aa| isa prakAra loka-jIvana para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA Alaukika prabhAva pdd'aa| sArA deza mahAvIra ke jaya-ghoSoM se gUMja utthaa|

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthaMkara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita - sAhitya...... sandarbha 1. yogavAziSTha, a.-15, zloka - 8 | 2. zrImadbhAgavata 5 / 51 3. viSNupurANa, 2 / 11 4. zAkaTAyana - anAdi sUtra 289 pAda - 3 | 5. padmapurANa (vyaMkaTeza presa), pR. 13 / 6. matsyapurANa, a. - 24, zloka -54-55 | 7. prAkkathana, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. - 13 1 8. zrImadbhAgavata, 5/61 9. le. balabhadra jaina, jainadharma kA prA. itihAsa, bhAga-1, pR. 12 1 10. bhArata meM saMskRti evaM dharma, pR. 201 11. da. jainastUpa - mathurA, prastAvanA, pR. -6 / 12. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, - bhopAla, san 1962, pR. - 21 / 13. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA, pR. - 211

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8 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pariccheda-2 prAkRta kAvyoM meM varNita carita - paramparA prAkRta - sAhitya kA prAdurbhAva dhArmika krAnti se huA hai| ataH Agama sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA prApta honA aura tatsambandhI sAhitya kA pracura rUpa meM likhA jAnA svAbhAvika hai / isa sAhitya meM laukika - sAhitya ke bIja - sUtra vartamAna hai, jinake AdhAra para prabandhAtmaka kAvya evaM kathA - sAhitya ke vikAsa kI paramparA sthApita kI jA sakatI hai| bIja - sUtroM ke AdhAra para carita - kAvyoM kA praNayana kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| saMskRta ke carita - kAvyoM kA mUla srota jisaprakAra veda haiM usI prakAra prAkRta ke carita - kAvyoM kA mUla srota Agama - sAhitya hai / vastutaH carita - kAvya prabandha kAvya kI hI eka rUpa-yojanA hai jahA~ pAtra paurANika - aitihAsika haiM aura ve kAlakrama ke tithigata evaM tathyagata vyoroM se bhI puSTa haiN| sAhitya-vidhAoM ke vikAsa para dRSTipAta karane se jJAta hotA hai ki kathA -- varNana evaM AcAra - viSayaka mAnyatAoM ke anantara hI carita - kAvya kA sRjana Arambha huA hai / carita - kAvya kA mUla, Agama aura purANoM meM hai / prAkRta caritoM kI kathAvastu rAma, kRSNa, tIrthaMkara yA anya mahApurUSoM ke jIvana - tathyoM ko lekara nibaddha kI gayI hai / 'tiloyapaNNattI' meM carita - kAvyoM ke pracura upakaraNa vartamAna haiN| kalpasUtra evaM jinabhadra - kSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyaka - bhASya meM carita kAvyoM ke ardha-vikasita rUpa upalabdha haiM / vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM varddhamAnasUsari kA AdinAthacarita, somaprabha kA sumatinAtha carita, devasUri kA padyaprabhasvAmI carita, yazodeva kA candraprabhacarita, ajitasiMha kA zreyAMsanAtha carita, nemicandra kA anantanAthacarita, devacandra kA zAntinAthacarita, jinezvara kA

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pravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya...... 9 mallinAtha carita, zrIcandra kA munisuvratacarita evaM nemicandra kA rayaNacUr3ArAyacarita prasiddha caritakAvya haiN| carita-kAvya kI yaha paramparA saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM bhI vartamAna haiN| prAkRta meM kucha aise bhI carita-kAvya haiM, jinake nAyaka na to paurANika purUSa haiM aura na aitihAsika yA ardhaaitihAsika hii| AkhyAnoM meM alaMkaraNa se tattvoM kA samAveza kara carita-kAvyoM ko pUrNa sarasa banAyA gayA hai| yahA~ kucha carita-kAvyoM kA anuzIlana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai|' tiloyapaNNattI meM mahAvIracarita digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra ke jIvana-sUtra 'tiloyapaNNattI' meM haiN| vahA~ para itanA hI likhA gayA hai- tIrthakara vardhamAna kuNDanapura meM pitA siddhArtha aura mAtA priyakAriNI se caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina utttarA phAlgunI nakSatra meM utpanna hue| mArgazIrSa kRSNA dazamI ke dina aparAhna meM uttarAnakSatra meM rahate nAthavana meM tRtIya upavAsa ke sAtha mahAvRtoM ko grahaNa kiyaa| yaha grantha prAkRta bhASA meM hai| yathA - maggasira-bahula-dasamI-avaraNhe, uttarAsu nnaath-vnne| tadiya - khamaNammi gahidaM, mahavvadaM vddddhmaannenn|| triloya. pa. bhA. 2/4/674 paumacariyaM saMskRta-sAhitya meM jo sthAna bAlmiIki rAmAyaNa kA hai, prAkRta meM vahI sthAna paumacariyaM kA hai| isake racayitA vimalasUri nAma ke jainAcArya hai| ye AcArya rAhu ke praziSya, vijaya ke ziSya aura nAilakula . ke vaMzaja the| prazasti meM inakA samaya I. san prathama zatI hai, para grantha ke antaH parIkSaNa se isakA racanA kAla I. san 3-4 zatI pratIta hotA hai| isa grantha meM mahArASTrI prAkRta kA parimArjita rUpa vidyamAna hai| viSaya-vastu paumacariyaM vimalasUrikRta hai| ayodhyA nagarI ke adhipati mahArAja dazaratha kI aparAjitA aura sumitrA do rAniyA~ thiiN| "sItA' ke nimitta

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se rAvaNa ke vadha hone kI bhaviSya vANI sunakara vibhISaNa Apako mArane A rahA hai|" nArada dvArA yaha sUcanA prApta kara dazaratha rAjadhAnI chor3akara cale gye| svayaMvara meM dazaratha dvArA kaikeyI kA varaNa karane para anya rAjAoM ne rUSTa hokara una para AkramaNa kara diyaa| kaikeyI dvArA sahAyatA karane para dazaratha ne kaikeyI ko varadAna diyA / 10 aparAjitA ke garbha se eka putra huaa| jisakA mukha padma jaisA sundara hone se 'padma' nAma rakhA gyaa| inhIM kA dUsarA nAma "rAma" hai| eka bAra rAma (padma) ardha barbaroM ke AkramaNa se janaka kI rakSA karate haiM, janaka prasanna hokara apanI aurasa putrI sItA kA vivAha rAma ke sAtha kara dete haiN| kaikeyI bharata ko gRhastha banAne kI kAmanA se dazaratha se rAjyAbhiSeka kI yAcanA karatI hai| rAma svayaM apanI icchA se sItA sahita vana ko cale jAte haiN| jaba rAma daNDakAraNya meM pahu~cate haiM to lakSmaNa ko eka dina talavAra kI prApti hotI hai / ve zakti - parIkSaNa hetu usase jhuramuTa ko kATate haiM tabhI asAvadhAnI se candranakhA ke beTe zaMbuka kI hatyA ho jAtI hai| rAvaNa kI bahana candra, khA apane putra kI khoja meM vahA~ AtI hai taba ina donoM bhAIyoM (rAma evaM lakSmaNa) meM se kisI eka ko apanA pati banane kI unase yAcanA karatI hai / idhara rAvaNa apanI bahina kI rakSA hetu AtA hai aura sItA para mugdha ho usakA haraNa kara letA hai / anta meM rAma rAvaNa para car3hAI kara dete haiN| sItA kI agni parIkSA hotI hai, jisameM vaha niSkalaMka siddha hotI hai aura usI samaya vaha sAdhvI bana jAtI hai| lakSmaNa kI akasmAt mRtyu ho jAne para rAma zokAvibhUta ho dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiM tathA kaThora tapa karake nirvANa prApta karate haiM / surasundarIcariyaM yaha eka premAkhyAnaka carita mahAkAvya hai / isameM 16 pariccheda yA sarga haiM aura pratyeka meM 250 padya haiN| isa mahattvapUrNa caritakAvya ke racayitA dhanezvarasUri haiM / kathAvastu - nAyikA ke carita kA vikAsa dikhalAne ke liye kavi dvArA

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya...... 11 mUlakathA ke sAtha prAsaMgika kathAoM kA gumphana kiyA jAnA kavi kI ghaTanA-parikalana ke kauzala kA dyotaka hai| avAntara kathAoM ke atirikta adhikArI kA kathAnaka bahuta saMkSipta aura sarala hai| dhanadeva seTha eka divya maNi kI sahAyatA se citravega nAmaka vidyAdhara ko nAgoM ke pAsa se chur3AtA hai| dIrghakAlIna viraha ke pazcAta citravega kA vivAha usakI priyatamA ke sAtha ho jAtA hai| vaha surasandarI ko apane prema, viraha aura milana kI kathA sunAtA hai| surasundarI kA vivAha bhI makaraketu ke sAtha sampanna hotA hai| anta meM ve donoM dIkSA lete haiN| kAvya kA nAmakaraNa surasundarI nAma kI nAyikA ke nAma para huaa| samasta kathAvastu nAyikA ke cAroM ora ghUmatI hai| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki kavi ne nAyikA kA rUpa, amRta, padma, suvarNa, kalpalatA evaM mandAra-puSpoM se saMbhAlA hai| vAstava meM yaha nAyikA kavi kI adabhuta mAnasa-sRSTi hai| isameM nAyikA ke jIvana ke donoM pahaluoM ko upasthita kiyA gayA hai| vastu-varNanoM meM bhISaNa aTavI, madana-mahotsava, varSA-Rtu, vasanta, sUryodaya, sUryAsta, putra-janmotsava, vivAha, yuddha, nAyikA ke rUpa saundarya, udyAna-krIr3A Adi kA samAveza hai| varNanoM ko sarasa banAne ke liye lATAnuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, upamA utprekSA Adi alaMkAroM kA bhI ucita prayoga kiyA hai| supAsanAhacariyaM supAsanAhacariyaM caritakAvya ke racayitA lakSmaNa gaNi haiN| isa grantha kI racanA dhaMdhukanagara meM Arambha kI gaI thI, parantu isakI samApti kumArapAla ke rAjya meM maNDalapurI meM kI gaI / lakSmaNa gaNi ne vikrama saMvat 1199 meM mAgha zuklA dazamI gurUvAra ke dina isako samApta kiyaa| isa caritakAvya ke nAyaka sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha haiN| lagabhaga ATha hajAra gAthAoM meM isa grantha kI samApti kI gaI hai| samasta kAvya tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM- pUrvabhava prastAva meM supArzvanAtha ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura zeSa prastAvoM meM unake vartamAna jIvana kA varNana hai|

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12 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sirivijayacaMda kevalicariyaM isa caritakAvya ke racayitA zrI candaprabha mahattara haiN| ye abhayadevasUri ke ziSya the| isa carikAvya kI racanA vi. saM. 1127 meM huii| mahArASTrI prAkRta meM isa grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai| yatra-tatra ardhamAgadhI kA bhI prabhAva hai| isa kAvya meM kula 1063 gAthAe~ haiN| isa kAvya kA uddezya jinapUjA kA mAhAtmya pragaTa karanA hai| mahAvIracariyaM (padyabaddha) prAkRta meM mahAvIracariyaM ke nAma se do caritakAvya upalabdha hote haiN| isa caritakAvya ke racayitA candrakula ke bRhadgacchIya udyotanasUri ke praziSya aura AmradevasUri ke ziSya nemicandra sUri haiN| AcArya pada prApta karane ke pUrva inakA nAma devendragaNi thaa| isa carita-grantha kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1141 meM huI hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvabhava diye haiM, sAtha hI Avazyaka-cUrNi meM Ae huye jIvana ke bhI sabhI prasaMga isameM diye gaye haiN| lekhaka ne carita-grantha ko rocaka banAne kA pUrNa prayAsa kiyA hai| kathAvastu kI sajIvatA ke liye vAtAvaraNa kA mArmika citraNa kiyA hai| anukUla aura pratikUla donoM prakAra kI paristhatiyoM meM rAga-dveSa kI anubhUtiyA~ kisa prakAra ghaTita hotI haiM, isakA vivaraNa bahuta hI saTIka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mithyAtva aura samyaktva kI abhivyaMjanA bhI pAtroM ke kriyA-kalApoM dvArA atyanta sundara huI hai| mahAvIracariyaM caritakAvya meM manoraMjana ke jitane bhI tattva haiM, unase kahIM adhika mAnasika tRpti ke sAdhana bhI vidyamAna haiN| mArIci ahaMkAra se jIvana ke AdhArabhUta viveka aura samyaktva kI upekSA karatA hai| phalataH use aneka bAra janma grahaNa karanA par3atA hai, vaha apane saMsAra kI sImA bar3hAtA hai| carita-graMtha hote huye bhI lekhaka ne marmasthaloM kI samyaka yojanA kI hai| samagra grantha padya-baddha hai| bhASA sarala va prabhAvapUrNa hai|' sudaMsaNAcariyaM 'sudaMsaNAcariya' caritakAvya kI racanA devendrasUri ne kI hai| inake

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthaMkara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita - sAhitya...... gurU kA nAma jagaccaMdrasUri hai / devendrasUri ko gUrjara rAjA kI anumati se vastupAla maMtrI ke samakSa arvudagiri (AbU) para sUripada pradAna kiyA thaa| inakA samaya lagabhaga I. san 1270 kA hai| isameM cAra hajAra pada haiM, jo ATha adhikAra aura solaha uddezyoM meM vibhakta haiM / isa caritakAvya kA nAma nAyikA ke nAma para rakhA gayA hai| isa kAvya kI nAyikA sudarzanA viduSI aura rUpa-mAdhurya se yukta hai / kavi ne isameM jIvana ke kaI tathyoM kA sphoTana kiyA hai| jIvana kI tIna viDambanAoM kA kathana karate huye kahA gayA hai - takkavihUNo vijjo lakkhaNahINo ya paMDio loe / bhAvavihUNo dhammo tiNNa vi garUI viDambaNayA / / 13 tarkahIna vidyA, lakSaNa - hIna ( vyAkaraNa - zAstra hIna) paMDita aura bhAvavihIna dharma ye tIna jIvana kI mahAna biDambanAe~ samajhanI cAhiye / isa grantha kI bhASA apabhraMza aura saMskRta se prabhAvita hai / bIca-bIca meM saMskRta ke zloka bhI pAye jAte haiM / kummAputtacariyaM kummAputtacariyaM kAvya meM rAjA mahendrasiMha aura rAnI kUrmA ke putra dharmadeva ke pUrva janma evaM vartamAna janma kI kathAvastu varNita hai| isake racayitA anantahaMsa haiM, jinakA samaya 16vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| inake guru kA nAma jinamANikya kahA gayA hai| ye tapAgacchIya AcArya hemavimala kI paramparA meM hue haiN| inakI do gujarAtI racanAe~ bhI upalabdha haiN| isa graMtha meM 198 padya haiN| isa carita - kAvya meM dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAva- - zuddhi kI mahattA varNita hai| zailI aura bhASA donoM praur3ha haiM / " mahAvIracariyaM (gadya-padyamaya ) mahAvIracariyaM guNacandrasUri dvArA racita hai / ye prasannacandrasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne samvat 1139 meM isakI racanA kI / isa carita -kAvya meM ATha sarga (prastAva) haiM / prArambha ke cAra sargoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai aura bAda meM cAra sargoM meM unake vartamAna bhava kA varNana

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14 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai| kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha grantha eka saphala racanA hai| bANabhaTTa, mAgha aura bhAravi ke saMskRta kAvyoM kA pUrNa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta ke atirikta bIca-bIca meM apabhraMza aura saMskRta ke padya bhI pAye jAte haiN| dezI zabdoM ke sthAna para tadbhava aura tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga adhika mAtrA meM haiN| chandoM meM vividhatA hai| anya carita kAvya anya carita-kAvyoM meM somaprabhasUri kA 9000 gAthA-pramANa sumatinAhacariyaM, vardhamAnasUri ke AdinAhacariyaM aura manoramAcariyaM, devendrasUri kA kaNhacariyaM evaM jinezvarasUri kA cNdpphcriyN| isameM 40 gAthAe~ haiM aura kaNhacariyaM (kRSNacarita) meM 1163 gAthAe~ haiN| ina carita-kAvyoM meM nAyaka ke carita kA kramika vikAsa dikhalAyA gayA hai| sUktiyA~ - 1. AtmA yathA svasya tathA parasya - (vIrodaya sarga. 17 zloka 6) jaisA AtmA apanI samajhate ho vaisI hI dUsare kI bhI samajhanA caahiye| 2. anyasya doSe svidavAgvisargaH - (vIrodaya sarga. 18, zloka 38) dUsaroM ke doSa mata kho| yadi kahane kA avasara bhI Ave - to bhI mauna dhAraNa kro| 3. unmArgagAmI nipatedanacche - (vIrodaya sarga. 18 zloka 42) jo sanmArgagAmI banegA vaha unnati ke pada ko prApta hogaa|' kintu jo isake viparIta unmArgagAmI banegA vaha saMsAra ke duranta garta meM giregaa| sandarbha - 1. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 308.312 | 2. DaoN. harmana jekobI dvArA bhAvanagara se prakAzita, san 1914 I. 3. munirAja rAjavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita, jaina vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA, san 1913 / 4. supAsanAhacariyaM prazasti, gA. 15-16 |

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya...... 15 5. zrI zubhazaMkara muni, prAptinAtha kezavalAla premacaMda kaMsArA (khaMbhAta), vi. saM. 2001 / 6. AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara dvArA prkaashit| 7. le. nemicandra zAstrI, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, tArA pablikezana, vaaraannsii| 8. Atmavallabha grantha sIrija valAda (ahamadAbAda) se san 1932 meM prkaashit| 9. ke. vI. abhyaMkara gujarAta kAleja, ahamadAbAda san 1933 | 10. devacandra lAlabhAI grnthmaalaa|

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16 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pariccheda-3 saMskRta kAvyoM meM mahAvIracarita - paramparA saMskRta-sAhitya meM carita - kAvyoM kI eka lambI paramparA hai| caritakAvyoM meM puNyazAlI mahApurUSoM kA carita varNita hotA hai| sAmAnyataH saMskRta-sAhitya meM do taraha ke carita - kAvya upalabdha hote haiM, 1. jina caritakAvyoM kA kathAnaka purANoM se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, aise paurANika caritakAvya / 2. jina carita kAvyoM kA kathAnaka kisI aitihAsika ghaTanA yA mahApurUSa ko lekara likhA gayA hai aise aitihAsika caritakAvya / caritanAmAnta mahAkAvyoM para vicAra karate huye DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne likhA hai ki 'caritanAmAnta' mahAkAvyoM se hamArA tAtparya usa prakAra ke mahAkAvyoM se hai, jinameM kisI tIrthakara yA puNya - purUSa kA AkhyAna nibaddha ho, sAtha hI vastu - vyApAroM kA niyojana kAvyazAstrIya paramparA ke anusAra saMgaThita huA ho / avAntara kathAoM aura ghaTanAoM ke vaividhya ke sAtha alaukika aura aprAkRtika tattvoM kA samAveza adhika na ho / darzana aura AcAra - zAstra isa zreNI ke kAvyoM meM avazya samanvita rahate haiM / kathAvastu vyApaka, marmasparzI sthaloM se yukta aura bhAvapUrNa hotI hai|' ' jainaparamparA meM saMskRta meM jo graMtha - racanAe~ huIM, ve prArambha meM to dArzanika hI thiiN| darzana evaM upadeza granthoM ke liye saMskRta kA prArambhika prayoga huaa| jainaparamparA meM sabase pahale saMskRta lekhaka AcArya umAsvAmi mAne jAte haiN| AcArya umAsvAmi ke pazcAt saMskRta lekhana kA eka pravAha claa| aneka AcAryoM ne darzana, tarka, nyAya, jyotiSa Adi ke sAtha carita-kAvyoM ke liye bhI saMskRta ko apanAyA aura purANa evaM carita -graMtha saMskRta meM likhe| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI apanI sampradAya - paramparA se prApta siddhAntoM kI mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke Azraya se aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kI /

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya.... 17 AcArya raviSeNa (7vIM zatAbdI) kA padmacarita saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha Adya jainacarita-kAvya hai| jainakavi IsA kI saptama zatAbdI se nirantara carita-kAvyoM kI racanA karane meM saMlagna rahe haiN| kucha caritakAvyoM kA saMkSipta vivecana yahA~ prastuta hai - 1. raviSeNa : padmacarita raviSeNa ne padmacarita kI racanA vIranirvANa ke sAr3he 1203 varSa bAda (I. san 677) meM pUrNa kI thii| isa bAta kA ullekha grantha meM hI kiyA gayA hai| "dvizatAbhyAdhike samAsahasre smtiite'rddh-cturthvrss-yukte| jinabhAskara-vardhamAna-siddhezcaritaM padmamuneridaM nibaddham / / " bAhya pramANoM ke AdhAra para bhI inakA yahI samaya siddha hotA hai; kyoMki udyotanasUri aura AcArya jinasena ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai| ina donoM kA hI samaya AThavIM zatAbdI hai| 2. jaTAsiMhanandiH varAMgacarita __ jaina carita-kAvyoM meM saMskRta ke Adya racayitA kA gaurava jaTAsiMhanAdi (jaTAcArya) ko hI prApta hai| yadyapi isase pUrva padmacarita kI racanA ho cukI thI, para usameM paurANika tattva adhika the|' 3. guNabhadraH jinadattacarita guNabhadra AcArya jinasena ke ziSya the| dazaratha bhI guNabhadra ke gurU the| DaoN. gulAbacanda caudharI ne jinadatta-carita ko AcArya jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra kI racanA na mAnakara kisI pazcAtvartI bhaTTAraka guNabhadra kI racanA mAnA hai| dazama zatAbdI ke eka zilAlekha meM guNabhadra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ataH inakA kAla I. san ko 9vIM zatAbdI kA anta mAnanA caahiye| 4. vIranandiH candraprabhacarita vIranandi nandisaMgha ke dezIgaNa ke AcArya the| inake gurU kA nAma abhayanandi aura gurU ke gurU kA nAma guNanandi thaa| candraprabhacarita

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18 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana meM jainoM ke aSTama tIrthakara candraprabha kA carita nibaddha hai| jaina saMskRta caritakAvyoM meM yaha utkRSTa mahAkAvya hai| isameM 18 sarga aura 1697 padya haiN| 5. mahAsenaH pradyumnacarita mahAsena lATavargaTa (lADavAgaDa) saMgha ke AcArya the| ye cArUkIrti ke ziSya tathA rAjA bhojarAja ke pitA sindhurAja ke mahAmAtya pappaTa ke gurU the| pradyumnacarita meM zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA jIvana-caritra varNita hai| yaha caturdaza-sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| 6. asaga kavi : vardhamAnacarita mahAkavi asaga ne zaka saM. 910 (988I.) meM vardhamAna-carita kI racanA kI thii| ataeva kavi kA samaya IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI hai|' vardhamAna-carita ko mahAvIracarita yA sanmaticarita bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakA kathAnaka guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa ke 74veM parva se liyA gayA hai| yaha aSTAdaza sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| jo tIna hajAra zloka-pramANa hai| bhagavadguNabhadrAcArya ke pazcAt bha. mahAvIra kA carita-citraNa karane vAloM meM asagakavi kA sthAna prathama hai| prazasti ke antima zloka ke antima caraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne ATha granthoM kI racanA kI hai| isa caritakAvya ke par3hane-sunane kA phala isa prakAra hai vardhamAnacaritaM yaH pravyAkhyAti zrRNoti c| tasyehaparalokasya sauravyaM saMjAyate traam|| - bhakti zloka 26 viSaya-vastu asaga kavi ne mahAvIra ke pUrva-bhavoM kA varNana purUravA bhIla se prArambha na karake ikatIsaveM nandanakumAra ke bhava se kiyA hai| nandanakumAra ke pitA jagata se virakta hokara jinadIkSA grahaNa karane ke liye udyata hote haiM aura putra kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara gRhatyAga kI bAta usase kahate haiM, taba vaha kahatA hai ki jisa kAraNa se Apa saMsAra ko burA jAnakara usakA

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya...... 19 tyAga kara rahe haiM, use maiM bhI nahIM lenA cAhatA aura Apake sAtha hI maiM bhI saMyama dhAraNa kruuNgaa| ___ asaga kavi ne bha. mahAvIra ke pA~coM hI kalyANakoM kA varNana yadyapi bahuta hI saMkSepa meM digambara paramparA ke anusAra hI kiyA hai, tathApi eka do ghaTanAoM ke varNana para zvetAmbara paramparA kA bhI prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| unhoMne bhI unhIM teMtIsa bhavoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jinakA varNana uttarapa rANakAra Adi anya digambara AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| vardhamAnacarita meM kula 19 adhyAya haiN| prathama adhyAya meM sarva tIrthakaroM ko prathak-prathak zlokoM meM namaskAra kara trikAladarzI tIrthaMkaroM aura videhastha tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI namaskAra kara gautama gaNadhara se lagAkara sabhI aMgapUrvadhAriyoM ko unake nAmollekha pUrvaka namaskAra kiyA hai| dUsare adhyAya meM bha. mahAvIra ke pUrva-bhavoM meM purUravA bhIla se lekara vizvanandI taka ke bhavoM kA varNana hai| isameM devoM kA janma hone para ve kyA-kyA vicAra aura kArya karate haiM, vaha vistAra ke sAtha batAyA gayA hai| tIsare adhyAya meM bha. mahAvIra ke bIsaveM bhava taka kA varNana hai| jahA~ para ki tripRSTha nArAyaNa kA jIva sAtaveM naraka kA nArakI banakara mahAna duHkhoM ko sahatA hai| cauthe adhyAya meM bha. mahAvIra ke hariSeNa vAle satAIsaveM bhava taka kA varNana hai| isameM teIsaveM bhava vAle mRga-bhakSaNa karate huye siMha ko sambodhana karake cAraNa RddhidhArI muniyoM ke dvArA diyA gayA upadeza bahuta hI preraka va udbodhaka hai| muni ke diye gaye dharmopadeza ko siMha hRdaya meM dhAraNa karatA hai aura mithyAtva ko mahAna anarthakArI jAnakara usakA parityAga karatA hai| yathA mithyAtvena samaM pApaM na bhUtaM na bhvissyti| na vidyate triloke'pi vizvAnarthanibandhanam / / pAMcaveM adhyAya meM bha. mahAvIra ke nanda nAmaka ikatIsaveM bhava taka kA varNana hai| isameM bhagavAna ke untIsaveM bhava vAle priyamitra cakravartI kI vibhUti kA varNana bar3e vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| chaThe adhyAya meM bhagavAna ke upAntya bhava taka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna kA jIva ikatIsaveM

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20 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhava meM darzana-vizuddhi Adi SoDazakAraNa bhAvanAoM kA cintavana karake tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha karatA hai| sAtaveM adhyAya meM bha. mahAvIra ke garbhAvatAra kA varNana hai| AThaveM adhyAya meM dikkumArikA deviyoM dvArA bhagavAna kI mAtA kI vividha prakAroM se kI gaI sevA-suzruSA kA aura unake dvArA pUche gaye anekoM zAstrIya praznoM ke uttaroM kA bahuta hI sundara aura vistRta varNana hai| naveM adhyAya meM bhagavAna ke abhiSeka kA varNana hai| bhagavAna ke abhiSeka ke samaya indra ke Adeza se sarva digpAla apanI-apanI dizA meM baiThate haiN| taba kSIrasAgara ke jala se bhare hue 1008 kalazoM se indra apanI vikriyA-nirmita 1008 bhujAoM se bhagavAna ke sira para jaladhArA chor3atA hai| yahA~ para sakalakIrti ne gandha, candana evaM anya sugandhita dravyoM se yukta jala-bhare kalazoM se bhagavAna kA abhiSeka karAyA hai| yathA punaH zrItIrthakartAramabhya-siJcacchatAdhvaraH / gandhAmbucandanAdyaizca vibhUtyA'mA mhotsvaiH|| 29 / / sugndhit-dRvy-snmishrsugndh-jl-puuritaiH| gndhodk-mhaakumbhairmnni-kaanycn-nirmitaiH|| 30 / / dazaveM adhyAya meM bhagavAna kI bAla-krIr3A kA sundara varNana hai| jaba mahAvIra kumArAvasthA ko prApta huye, to unake janma-jAta mati, zruta aura avadhijJAna sahaja meM hI utkarSa ko prApta ho gye| gyArahaveM adhyAya meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA vizada varNana hai| inake cintavana se mahAvIra kA vairAgya aura bhI dRr3hatara ho gayA thaa| bArahaveM adhyAya meM mahAvIra ke saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM se virakta hone kI bAta ko jAnate hI laukAntika deva Aye aura stavana-namaskAra karake bhagavAna ke vairAgya kA samarthana kara apane sthAna ko cale gye| tabhI ghaNTA Adi ke bajane se bhagavAna ko virakta jAnakara sabhI sura aura asura apane-apane vAhanoM para car3hakara kuNDanapura Aye aura bhagavAna ke dIkSA-kalyANaka mahotsava karane ke liye Avazyaka taiyArI karane lge| terahaveM adhyAya meM bhagavAna kI tapasyA kA, unakI prathama pAraNA kA, grAmAnugrAma vihAra kA aura sadAkAla jAgarUka

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita - sAhitya...... rahane kA bar3A hI mArmika evaM vistRta varNana hai| caudahaveM adhyAya meM bhagavAna ke jJAnakalyANaka kA ThIka vaisA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai, jaisA ki purANoM meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara kA pAyA jAtA hai / kintu sakalakIrti ne kucha navIna bAtoM kA bhI yahA~ ullekha kiyA hai| 21 bhagavAna ke kalyANaka ko manAne jAte samaya indra ke Adeza se balAhaka deva ne jambUdvIpa - pramANa eka lAkha yojana vistAra vAlA vimAna banAyA aise vimAna kA vistRta varNana prAkRta jambUdvIpa prajJapti aura saMskRta triSaSThizlAkApurUSacarita meM milatA hai / isa para baiThakara indra bhagavAna ke janma kalyANakAdi karane AtA hai yathA - AdizatpAlakaM nAma vAsavo'pyAbhiyogikam / asambhAvya pratimAnaM vimAnaM kriyatAmiti / 1353 || triSaSTi. zlA.pu. ca. sarga - 21 pandrahaveM adhyAya meM sabhI deva - deviyA~, manuSya aura tiryaJca samavazaraNa ke madhyavartI 12 koThoM meM yathAsthAna baitthe| indra ne bhI bhagavAna kI pUjA-arcanA kara stuti kI aura apane sthAna para jA baitthaa| sabhI loga bhagavAna kA upadeza sunane ko utsuka baiThe the| phira bhI divya dhvani prakaTa nahIM huyI / dhIre-dhIre tIna pahara bIta gaye taba indra cintita huA / avidhajJAna se usane jAnA ki gaNadhara ke abhAva meM bhagavAna kI divya-dhvani nahIM ho rahI hai| taba vaha vRddha vipra kA rUpa banAkara gautama ke pAsa gayA aura vahI prasiddha "traikAlyaM-dravyaSaTakaM" vAlA zloka kahakara artha pU~chA / satrahaveM adhyAya meM gautama dvArA pU~che gaye puNya-pApa, vipAka saMbaMdhI anekoM praznoM kA uttara diyA gayA hai jo ki manana karane yogya hai / aThArahaveM adhyAya meM bhagavAna ke dvArA upadiSTa gRhasthadharma, munidharma, loka - vibhAga, kAla-vibhAga, Adi kA varNana hai / unnIsaveM adhyAya meM saudharmendra ne bhagavAna kI artha- gambhIra aura vistRta stuti karake bhavya logoM ke uddhArArtha vihAra karane kA prastAva : kiyA aura bhavyoM ke puNya se prerita bhagavAna kA sarva Arya- dezoM meM vihAra huaa| aMta meM bhagavAna pAvAnagarI ke udyAna meM pahu~ce aura yoga nirodha

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karake aghAti-karmoM kA kSaya karake mukti ko prApta huye / isa prakAra asaga kavi ne vardhamAna caritra meM bha. mahAvIra ke caritra kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| 7. 22 vAdirAja : pArzvanAthacarita, yazodharacarita vAdirAja ne pArravanAthacarita kI racanA zaka saM. 947 (1025) I. meM kI thii| yaha dvAdaza sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / yazodharacarita meM rAjA yazodhara kI kathA varNita hai / 8. malliSeNaH nAgakumAracarita malliSeNa jinasena ke ziSya aura kanakasena ke praziSya the / malliSeNa ne apane mahApurANa kI samApti zaka saM. 969 (1047) I. meM kI thii| nAgakumAracarita pAMca sargAtmaka kAvya hai| isameM zrutapaMcamI kA mAhAtmya prakaTa karane ke liye nAgakumAra kA carita nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / 9. hemacandra : triSaSTizlAkA purUSacarita, kumArapAlacarita triSaSTizlAkApurUSacarita meM jainadharma-mAnya tresaTha zlAkA purUSoM kA carita varNita hai| yaha 10 parvoM meM vibhakta hai / antima parva sabase vizAla hai, jisameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jIvana-caritra varNita hai / vAstava meM ise kAvya na kahakara purANa kahA jAnA cAhiye / aneka caritra - kAvyoM kA upajIvya hone se use caritakAvyoM meM sthAna diyA gayA haiM / kumArapAlacarita eka aitihAsika mahAkAvya hai| isameM kula 18 sarga haiM, jinameM 10 saMskRta bhASA meM tathA 8 prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha haiN| nemicandraH dharmanAthacarita 10. dharmanAthacarita ke racayitA nemicandra haiM, jinhoMne vi. saM. 1213 meM prAkRta meM anantanAhacariyaM kI racanA kI thI / 11. guNabhadramuniH dhanyakumAracarita haiM / guNabhadramuni candela - nareza paramAdi ke zAsanakAla meM hue inakA samaya IsA kI bArahavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA haiM / dhanyakumAracarita

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura ma. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya...... 23 sAta sargAtmaka kAvya hai| dhanyakumAra bha. mahAvIra ke samakAlIna rAjagRha ke zreSThiputra the|" 12. muniratnasUriH amamasvAmicarita muniratnasuriH ne amamasvAmicarita kI racanA vi. saM. 1252 meM kI thii| ataH inakA samaya bArahavIM zatAbdI kA anta mAnanA caahiye| amamasvAmicarita 20 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| isameM bhAvI tIrthakara amama kA carita nibaddha hai| 13. devaprabhasUriH pANDavacarita, mRgAvatIcarita devaprabhasari maladhArI gaccha ke the| inakA racanAkAla 12vIM aura 13vIM zatAbdI kA sandhikAla mAnA jAtA hai| pANDavacarita 18 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| mRgAvatIcarita meM vatsarAja udayana kI mAtA mRgAvatI kA caritra varNita huA hai| terahavIM zatAbdI meM aneka prabhAvI kaviyoM ne aneka puNya-purUSoM kA carita kAvyoM meM gumphita kiyA hai| 14. jinapAla upAdhyAyaH sanatakumAracarita jinapAla upAdhyAya candrakula kI pravaravraja zAkhA ke jinapatisUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne 1205 I. meM SaTsthAnavRtti kI racanA kI thii| ataeva inakA racanAkAla terahavIM zatAbdI kA prArambha mAnanA caahiye| sanatakumAracarita meM caturtha cakravartI sanatakumAra kA carita 24 sargoM meM nibaddha hai| 15. mANikyacandrasUriH pArzvanAthacarita __mANikyacandrasUri rAjagacchIya nemicandra ke praziSya aura sAgaracandra ke ziSya the| inhoMne pArzvacarita kI racanA vi. saM. 1276 (1229 I.) meM kI thii| yaha daza sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| 16. udayanaprabhasUriH saMghapaticarita mahAmAtya vastupAla ne giranAra kI yAtrA ke liye eka saMgha nikAlA thaa| vastupAla usake saMrakSaka yA saMghapati the| isI ko AdhAra mAnakara kavi ne isakA nAma saMghapati-carita rakhA hai|

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24. vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 17. amarasUriH caturvizatijinedracarita, ambaDacarita . caturvizati jinendracarita 24 adhyAyoM tathA 1802 padyoM meM likhA gayA hai| isameM caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke saMkSipta jIvana-caritra diye gaye haiN| 18. pUrNacandrasUriH dhanyazAlibhadracarita (atimuktakacarita) pUrNabhadrasUri kA samaya vi. saM. 1285 (1228I.) aura sthAna jaisalamera batalAyA gayA hai| dhanyazAli bhadra-carita meM kumAra atimuktaka kA varNana hai| 19. vardhamAnasUriH vAsupUjyacarita vAsupUjya-carita kI racanA vi. saM. 1299 (1282I.) meM aNahillapura meM huI thii| isake atirikta terahavIM zatAbdI ke arhaddAsakRta munisuvracarita, ajitaprabhasUri kA zAnticarita, lakSmItilakamaNikRta pratyekabuddhacarita, jinaprabhasUri kA zreNikacarita, vikramakRta nemicarita bhI upalabdha hote haiN| 20. vardhamAna bhaTTAraka: varAMgacarita varAMgacarita trayodaza sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| isameM zrIkRSNa aura neminAtha ke samakAlIna dhIrodAtta nAyaka varAMgakumAra kA caritra gumphita 21. padmanandiH vardhamAnacarita - yaha 300 padyAtmaka kAvya hai| isameM bha. mahAvIra kA saMkSipta jIvanacarita nibaddha hai| 22. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtiH vIra vardhamAnacarita vIra vardhamAnacarita kI racanA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ne kI hai| yaha 19 sargoM meM nibaddha hai| prathama adhikAra meM kavi ne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI hai tathA vaktA aura zrotAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| sAtha hI bha. mahAvIra ke purUravA bhIla se lekara caudaha pradhAna bhavoM aura mithyAtva ke mahAna duSphala kA varNana kiyA hai| tRtIya adhikAra meM tripRSTha nArAyaNa taka ke cAra gaNanIya bhavoM kA tathA naraka ke duHkhoM kA vistRtaM varNana hai| saptam

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pravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura ma. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya..... 25 adhikAra meM kuNDanapura-varNana, trizalA devI ke svapnoM kA varNana, deviyoM dvArA priyakAriNI mAtA kI sevA karanA, saudharmendra dvArA 1008 kalazoM se bAlaka kA abhiSeka karanA, janma ke daza atizayoM ke sAtha bhagavAna kI saMsAra se virakti kA bhI citraNa kavi ne bar3I rocakatA se kiyA hai| vairAgya ko bar3hAne vAlI anitya, azaraNa Adi bAraha bhAvanAoM ke cintana ke atirikta kaThora tapazcaraNa kA varNana kara sakalakIrti ne samavazaraNa kA bhI vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| ratnatraya dharma kA upadeza, zrAvaka-muni-dharma ke vivecana dvArA jahA~ kavi ne dArzanika evaM dhArmika viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA hai vahIM bhagavAna ko kevalajJAna hone kA tathA indrAdikoM dvArA nirvANa kalyANaka manAye jAne kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 23. vidyAnandiH sudarzanacarita __ DaoN. gulAbacaMda caudharI ne inakA kAryakAla vi. saM. 1489.1538 (1432-1489I.) mAnA hai| sudarzanacarita kI racanA gaMdhArapurI meM vi. saM. 1513 meM huI thii| 24. jJAnasAgara: vimalacarita vimalanAthacarita 5 sargAtmaka gadya kAvya haiN| isameM tIrthakara vimalanAtha kA varNana hai| 25. ratnakIrtiH bhadrabAhucarita saMskRta sAhitya meM ratnakIrti nAma ke aneka AcArya hue haiN| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne inakA samaya vi. kI 16vIM zatI kA uttarArdha mAnA hai| 26. kavi rAjamallaH jambUsvAmIcarita jambUsvAmIcarita trayodaza sargAtmaka kAvya hai| anuSTup chanda meM racita hone para bhI kAvya ramaNIya hai| 27. ratnacandramaNiH pradyumnacarita pradyumnacarita solaha sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| isameM zrIkRSNa, satyabhAmA, rUkmaNi Adi kA bhI caritra-citraNa huA hai|

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26 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 28. jJAnavimalasUriH zrIpAlacarita zrIpAlacarita kI racanA saMskRta gadya meM vi. saM. 1745 (1688I.) meM kI thii| 29. rUpacandragaNiH gautamacarita gautamacarita gyAraha sargAtmaka kAvya hai| isameM jainasaMgha kA saMkSipta itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 30. rUpavijayagaNiH pRthvIcandracarita rUpavijayagaNi tapAgacchIya saMvigna zAkhA ke padmavijayagaNi ke ziSya the| inhoMne pRthivI-candra-carita kI racanA vi. saM. 1882 (1825I.) meM kI thii| 31. bhUrAmala zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgara) samudradatta carita mahAvIracarita (vIrodayakAvya) zrI bhUrAmala jI zAstrI hI munidIkSA ke bAda AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja khlaaye| ApakA janma rAjasthAna meM jayapura ke samIpavartI rANaulI grAma meM seTha caturbhaja jI ke ghara vi. saM. 1948 (1891I.) meM huA thaa| Apane vi. saM. 2004 meM brahmacarya pratimA, 2012 meM kSullaka dIkSA aura saM. 2014 meM AcArya zivasAgara jI mahArAja se khAniyAM (jayapura) meM munidIkSA dhAraNa kI thii| inake dvArA likhI gaI samudradattacarita, vIrodaya (mahAvIra-carita) surdazanodaya, dayodaya Adi aneka racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| samudradattacarita 9 sargAtmaka kAvya hai| isameM kula 345 padya haiN| anta meM 4 prazasti padya haiM, jinameM unake granthoM kA ullekha hai| mahAvIracarita (vIrodaya) 22 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| grantha ke prArambha meM maMgalAcAraNa ke rUpa meM zrI vIra prabhu kI stuti kI gaI hai| 22veM sarga meM mahAvIra ke bAda jainasaMgha meM bheda kA ullekha karate hue kavi ne jainadharma ke uttarottara hAsa para cintA vyakta kI hai| isa prakAra sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara bIsavIM zatAbdI taka ke carita-nAmAnta kAvyoM ko yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM varNita viSaya vastu sargabaddhatA, rasa, chanda, alaMkAra Adi kA suvyavasthita varNana kAvya-zAstriyoM kI dRSTi se

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya...... / mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita hai| yuga pravartaka prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI taraha hI antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana-carita para yaha kAvya AdhArita hai| isake kathAnaka kA mUlAdhAra mahApurANa hai| isa kAvya ke nAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra meM nAyaka ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna hai| ve parama dhArmika, adbhuta saundaryazAlI, sAMsArika rAga se dUra, dukhiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAle haiN| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne isa mahAkAvya meM vividha sthaloM aura vRttAntoM kA yathAsthAna varNana kiyA hai| eka ora kuNDanapura kA vaibhavapUrNa varNana eka samRddha nagara kI jhAMkI prastuta karatA hai, to dUsarI ora samudra-varNana ke sAtha himAlaya, vijayArddha aura sumerU parvatoM kA prAsaMgika ullekha kiyA hai| vIrodaya kA sarvAdhika manohArI dRzya usakA RtuvarNana hai| vIrodaya meM tIna saMvAda bhI vizeSa haiN| (a) rAnI priyakAriNI aura rAjA siddhArtha kA saMvAda / (ba) rAnI priyakAriNI aura devI-saMvAda / (sa) rAjA siddhArtha aura vrdhmaan-sNvaad| bhAratIya sAhitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI carita-paramparA kA Azraya lekara kaviyoM tathA AcAryoM ne vibhinna bhASAoM meM carita-kAvya likhe haiN| prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza meM likhe gaye carita-kAvyoM kI paramparA kA mUla AdhAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana-carita hai| kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se kavi ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM zrRMgArarasa, / adbhutarasa, vAtsalyabhAva aura bhakti kA yathAsthAna varNana kiyA hai, kintu aMgIrasa kA sthAna zAntarasa ko hI prApta hai| zeSa rasa evaM bhAva isa rasa ke aMga hI haiN| isameM sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana, varNa-vyavasthA, parivAra-vyavasthA, anuzAsana ke sAtha janatAntrika paddhati kA vizleSaNa tathA vrata, upavAsa, zikSA va sahiSNutA kA bhI mahattvapUrNa vivecana hai| kAvya ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bAhya yoddhAoM se yuddha nahIM kiyA balki Antarika zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara mokSalakSmI kA varaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra vIrodaya meM nAyaka kA hI abhyudaya (pUrNa utkarSa) dikhalAyA hai| yahI mahAkAvya kA Adarza hai| isI se mahAkAvya ke nAma "vIrodaya' kI sArthakatA bhI siddha hotI hai|

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28 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saMskRta ke pramukha mahAvIracarita dazavIM zatAbdI se lekara bIsavIM zatAbdI taka jo saMskRta ke pramukha mahAvIra carita race gaye ve nimnaprakAra haiM (1) mahAkavi asaga dvArA viracita vardhamAnacarita / hemacandrakRta triSaSTizlAkA purUSacarita / (2) (3) padamanandikRta vardhamAnacarita / (4) (5) sandarbha bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti dvArA racita vIravardhamAnacarita / AcArya jJAnasAgara - kRta vIrodaya mahAkAvya / - 1. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR. 18-19 | 2. padmapurANa, 123/182 | 3. bhAratavarSIya digambara jainasaMgha mathurA se 1963 I. meM sAnuvAda prakAzita / 4. jaina sAhitya kA bahad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR. 62 1 5. dra. jinaratnakoza, pR. 135 | 6. mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA bambaI se 1917 I. meM prakAzita / 7. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR. -11-12 1 8. zrI vardhamAnacarita, a. -15 | 9. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga3, pR. 170 se uddhata / 10. dra. vahI, pR. 104 | 11. Amera zAstra - bhaNDAra jayapura meM isakI hastalikhita prati hai / 12. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1970 I. meM prakAzita / 13. di. jaina jaisavAla samAja ajamera vI. ni. saM. 2449 meM prakAzita / 14. muni jJAnasAgara, jaina granthamAlA, 1968 I. meM prakAzita hai|

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura ma. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya..... 29 pariccheda-4 apabhraMza-sAhitya meM mahAvIracarita-paramparA apabhraMza sAhitya meM itihAsa meM bhASA evaM sAMskRtika dRSTi se chaThI zatAbdI atyanta mahattvapUrNa rahI hai| chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kA yuga apabhraMza kA AdikAla rahA hai tathA paravartI kAla bhASA tathA sAhitya kA saMkramaNa kAla rhaa| loka-sAhitya kI kaI vizeSatAyeM apabhraMza sAhitya meM paralakSita hotI haiN| apabhraMza-sAhitya meM paurANika mahAkAvya, caritakAvya, kathAkAvya, premAkhyAnaka kAvya, khaNDakAvya, gItakAvya Adi kAvya-vidhAe~ lakSita hotI haiN| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyI zramaNoM (sAdhuoM) meM dRSTAnta tathA nidarzana rUpa meM kathA kahane kI pravRtti atyanta vyApaka thii| bha. mahAvIra kI pAvana jIvana-kathA bhI apabhraMza sAhitya meM nibaddha haI hai| apabhraMza ke aneka vidvAna manISiyoM ne bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita se sambandhita kAvyoM kI sarjanA kI hai| digambara vidvAna mahAkavi puSpadaMta kA 'tisihi-mahApurisa guNAlaMkArU' eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| apabhraMza bhASA kA sarvotkRSTa aura sarvAdhika prAcIna kAvya 'svayaMbhUkRta paumacariu' mAnA jAtA hai| jayamitahallakRta 'vaDDhamANa-kavvu' nAma kA grantha bhI prApta hotA hai, jisameM 11 saMdhiyAM haiM tathA bha. mahAvIra ke jIvana para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| apabhraMza-sAhitya meM kucha nimna racanAyeM prApta hotI haiN| 'vaDDhamANa kahA' __yaha narasena kI sundara kRti hai, jo vikrama saM. 1512 ke lagabhaga likhI gaI hai| AcArya zrI abhayadeva racita apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAvIra-carita kA bhI ullekha jainagranthAvalI meM hai| raIdhU viracita mahAvIracarita "mahAvIra carita' grantha ke racayitA mahAkavi raIdhU haiN| inhoMne

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1 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana apabhraMza bhASA meM isa kI racanA kI hai / inakA samaya vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI hai / mahAvIra kI kathA prAcIna granthoM ke AdhAra para hI hai phira bhI unake viziSTa vyaktitva kA prabhAva isa racanA meM sthAna-sthAna para dRSTigocara hotA hai| kucha viziSTa sthaloM ke uddhaharaNa isa prakAra haiM bha. RSabhadeva ke dvArA apane antima tIrthaMkara hone kI bAta sunakara mArIci vicAratA hai - - 30 ghattA - NisuNivi jiNavuttau muNivi NirUttau, saMtuTThau marIi samaNI / jiNa - bhaNio Na viyalai, kahamiva Na calai haM hosami titthaya jaNI / / mahAvIracarita patra 17 | - dhU ne tripRSTha ke bhava kA varNana karate samaya yuddha kA aura usake naraka meM pahu~cane para vahA~ ke duHkhoM kA bahuta vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| mRga-ghAta karate samaya siMha ko dekhakara cAraNa muni-yugala use sambodhana karate hue kahate haiM - - jaggu jaggu re kettara sovahi, tau puNNe muNi Ayau jovahiM / ekka ji kor3Akor3I sAyara, gayau bhrameta kAlu ji bhAyara / / mahAvIracaritra patra 25 | arthAt he bhAI, jAga - jaag| kitane samaya taka aura sovegA ? pUrA eka kor3Akor3I sAgara pramANa kAla tujhe paribhramaNa karate huye ho gayA / Aja tere puNya se yaha muni - yugala Aye haiM, so dekho aura Atmahita meM lago / bha. mahAvIra kA jIva svarga se avatarita hokara saMsAra ke svarUpa kA vicAra karate huye vairAgya bhAvoM kI vRddhi ke sAtha jaba trizalAdevI ke garbha meM AyA, isa hI mArmika citraNa kiyA hai| pika ke samaya saudharma indra digpAloM ko pANDuka zilA ke sarva ora pradakSiNA rAma se apanI-apanI dizA meM baiThA kara kahatA haiNiya Niya disa rakkhahu sAvahANa, mA ko vi visau surU majjhaNaNa / IdhU ne janmAbhiSeka ke samaya sumerU ke kampita hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI abhiSeka se pUrva kalazoM meM bhare jala ko indra ke dvArA

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura bha. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya..... 31 maMtra bolakara pavitra kiye jAne kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| bhagavAna ke zrI vardhamAna, sanmati, mahAvIra Adi nAmoM ke rakhe jAne kA varNana pUrva paramparA ke hI anusAra hai| mahAvIra jaba kumArakAla ko pAra kara yuvAvasthA se sampanna ho jAte haiM, taba unake pitA vicAra karate haiM ki - ajjavi vijJaya Ali Na payAsai, ajja sakAmAlAva Na bhaasi| ajjaji tiya tUNe Na u mijjai, ajja aNaMya kaNihiNa dalijai NAMri-kahA-rasi maNu Nau r3hovai, Nau saviyArau kahava palovai / / - mahAvIracarita patra 41e| mahAvIra ko vairAgya hone ke avasara para raIdhU ne bAraha bhAvanAoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| gautama ke dIkSita hote hI bhagavAna kI divya : vani prakaTa huii| isa prasaMga para SaT-dravya aura sapta tattvoM kA tathA zrAvaka aura munidharma kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| anta meM bhagavAna ke nirvANa kalyANaka kA varNana karake gautama ke pUrva-bhava evaM bhadrabAhu svAmI kA carita bhI likhA hai| siraharU-racita vaDadamANacariu . vaDDhamANacariu' ke racayitA kavi zrIdhara haiN| apabhraMza bhASA meM racita isakI kathAvastu kA mUla srota digambara paramparA rahI hai, tathApi zvetAmbara mahAvIra-caritoM kA bhI isa para prabhAva par3A hai| jaise tripRSTha vAsudeva ke bhava meM siMha ko mArane kI ghttnaa| bAlaka mahAvIra ke janma hone ke dina se hI siddhArtha ke ghara lakSmI dina-dina bar3hane lagI, jisase usakA nAma vardhamAna rakhA gayA Adi / ___ kavi ne vaDaDhmANacariu meM 10 sandhiyoM meM vardhamAna ke carita kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA hai / vaDaDhamANacariu kI mUla kathA vastutaH 9vIM sandhi se prArambha hotI hai tathA 10vIM sandhi meM unheM nirvANa prApta ho jAtA hai| bAkI kI ATha sandhiyoM meM nAyaka ke bhavAntaroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|

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32 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jayamittahalla viracita, vardhamAna kAvya jayamittahalla kavi ne apabhraMza bhASA meM vardhamAnakAvya kI racanA kI hai| yaha carita digambara paramparAnusAra hI hai phira bhI kucha navInIkaraNa prApta hotA hai| digambara sAhitya meM bhagavAna ke kevalajJAna hone para 66 dina taka divya- dhvani nahIM khirane kA to ullekha hai, para usa samaya unake vihAra kA ullekha nahIM hai| vardhamAna kAvya kavitva kI dRSTi se bahuta uttama hai| kavi ne janmAbhiSeka ke samaya merU-kampana kI ghaTanA kA varNana rocaka zailI meM isa prakAra kiyA hai - . laivi kari kalasu sohamma tiyasAhiNA, pekkhi jiNadehu saMdehu kiu nniymnnaa| himagiriMdattha sarasarisu gaMbhIrao, gaMgamuha pamuha supavAha bhunniiro|| khivami kima kuMbhu gayadaMtu kahi lamaI. sUra biMbubba Avariu Naha amii| sakku saMkaMtu tayaNANi saMkadhio, kaNayagiri siharU crnnNgulcppio|| jaise hI saudharmendra kalazoM ko lekara abhiSeka karane ke liye udyata huA, tyoM hI use mana meM zaMkA huI ki bhagavAna to bilkula bAlaka haiN| ve itane vizAla kalazoM ke jala ke pravAha ko mastaka para kaise saha sakeMge ? tabhI tIna jJAnadhArI bhagavAna ne indra kI zaMkA ke samAdhAnArtha caraNa kI eka aMgulI se sumerU ko dabA diyA, jisase zilAyeM girane lagI, vanoM meM nirdvanda baiThe gaja ciMghAr3a uThe, siMha garjanA karane lage aura sAre devagaNa bhaya se vyAkula hokara idhara-udhara dekhane lge| sArA jagata kSobha ko prApta ho gyaa| taba indra ko apanI bhUla jJAta huI aura apanI nindA karatA huA tathA bhagavAna kI jaya-jayakAra kara kSamA mA~gane lagA ki he anaMtavIrya! sukha ke bhaNDAra! mujhe kSamA karo, tumhAre bala kA pramANa kauna jAna sakatA kavi ne isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki 66 dina taka divya vani nahIM khirane para bhI bhagavAna bhUtala para vihAra karate rhe| yathA - NiggaMthAiya samau bharaMtaha, kevali kiraNaho dhara vihrt| * gaya chAsaTThi digaMtara jAmahi, amarAhiumaNi ciMtaI taamhi||

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura ma. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya........ 33 .. iya sAmaggi sayala jiNa NAhaho, paMcamaNANuggama gyvaahho| kiM kAraNu Nau vANi payAsaI, jIvAiya taccAiNa bhAsaI ||ptr 838 || arthAt kevala jJAna prApta ho jAne para nirgrantha muni Adi ke sAtha dharAtala para vihAra karate huye chiyAsaTha dina bIta jAne para bhI jaba bhagavAna kI divyadhvani prakaTa nahIM huI, taba indra ke mana meM cintA huI ki divyavani pragaTa nahIM hone kA kyA kAraNa hai ? apabhraMza ke carita-kAvyoM meM paurANika mahApurUSoM, tresaTha zlAkA purUSoM kA jIvana-carita varNita hai| mahApurUSoM kA jIvanacaritra atilaukika tathA dhArmika-tattvoM se anuraMjita hai| sAdhAraNataH caritakAvya cAra sandhiyoM se lekara bIsa-bAIsa sandhiyoM taka meM nibaddha haiN| pUrva bhavAntaroM tathA anya avAntara ghaTanAoM se prAyaH sabhI caritakAvyoM kA kalevara bRddhiMgata huA hai phira bhI caritakAvya paurANika-kAvyoM kI apekSA AkAra meM choTe hote haiN| bAraha teraha sandhiyoM se lekara lagabhaga savA sau sandhiyoM taka ke purANakAvya upalabdha hote haiN|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / pariccheda-5 mahAvIracarita sAhitya kA vikAsa jaina kAvya-sAhitya kI katipaya kRtiyA~ IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM se pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka ullekha rUpa meM milatI haiN| pA~cavI se dasavIM zatAbdI taka sarvAMgapUrNa vikasita AkAra-granthoM ke rUpa meM aisI vizAla racanAyeM milatI hai, jinheM hama pratinidhi racanAyeM kahate haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se jainakAvya-sAhitya nAnA bhASAoM meM sRjita huA hai| kraviyoM ne eka ora prAMjala, praur3ha, udAtta saMskRta meM to dUsarI ora sarvabodha saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM nAnA janapadIya bhASAoM (tamila, kannar3a, marAThI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI) meM vizAla kAvya-sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| jaina-kAvya-sAhitya meM RSabhAdi 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke samudita tathA pRthak-pRthak aneka nUtana carita, bharata, sanatakumAra, brahmadatta, rAma, kRSNa, pANDava, nala Adi cakravartiyoM evaM narezoM ke vividha prakAra ke AkhyAna, nAnA prakAra ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, rAjA-rAniyoM, zramaNoM, seTha-seThAniyoM, dhanikoM, daridroM, cora aura juAr3iyoM, puNyAtmA-pApAtmAoM evaM nAnA prakAra ke mAnavoM ko uddezya karake likhe gaye kathA-grantha haiN| Adhunika sAhitya meM varNita mahAvIra carita . prAcIna yuga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra para prAkRta, apabhraMza aura saMskRta tathA rAjasthAnI evaM anya prAMtIya bhASAoM meM anekAneka grantha likhe gye| unameM vartamAna meM hindI, gujarAtI va AMglabhASA meM zodhapradhAna va janasAdhAraNa ke upayogI bahuta se grantha prakAzita huye haiM, jo nimna prakAra haiM - zrI mahAvIrasvAmI caritra' mahAvIrasvAmI carita kA prathama saMskaraNa 1925 meM prakAzita huA thaa| lekhaka ne triSaSTizlAkApurUSacarita kA mukhya AdhAra liyA hai|

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avaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura ma. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya..... 35 . sAtha hI rAjA zreNika, unake putra va rAniyoM kA paricaya dene ke liye antakRddazAMga, anuttaropapAtika, jJAtRdharmakathA Adi kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| zrI kumudacandrakRta mahAvIra-rAsa ___ zrI kumudacandra ne apane mahAvIrarAsa kI racanA rAjasthAnI hindI meM kI hai| kathAvastu prAyaH sakalakIrti ke vardhamAna-carita para AdhArita hai| mahAvIrarAsa kI vizeSatAyeM nimna prakAra hai 1. bhagavAna kA jIva jaba vizvanandI ke bhava meM thA, taba munipada meM rahate huye bhI vizAkhanandI ko mArane kA nidAna kiyA thaa| usa sthala para kavi ne nidAna ke doSoM kA bahuta varNana kiyA hai| 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIva ikatIsaveM nandabhava meM jaba SoDaza-kAraNa bhAvanAoM ko bhAta hai taba / unakA bhI bahuta vistRta evaM sundara varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| 3. zrI hI Adi SaTkumArikA deviyoM ke kArya kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA haiAhe zrI devI zobhA kari, lajjA bhari hI nAma kumaari| Ahe dhRti devI saMtoSa boli, jasa kIrti surnaari|| Ahe buddhi devI ApI bahu buddhi, riddha-siddhI lkssmiicNg| Ahe devI taNu Nhavu niyoga, zubhopayoga prsNg|| 71 / / __4. kumArikA deviyoM dvArA pUche gaye praznoM ke uttara bhI mAtA ke dvArA anupama DhaMga se prastuta kiye gaye haiN| 5. janmAbhiSeka ke samaya pANDukazilA para bhagavAna ko virAjamAna karane Adi kA varNana kavi ne ThIka vaise hI kiyA hai jaise Aja paMcAmRtAbhiSeka ke samaya kiyA jAtA hai| 6. saudharma indra ke sivAya anya devoM ke dvArA bhI bhagavAna ke abhiSeka kA varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| jaise - avara deva asaMkhya nija zakti lei kuNbh| jathA jogi jala dhAra deI, deva bahu rNbh|| 7. vIra bhagavAna ke ATha varSa kA hone para kSAyika samyaktva aura ATha mUlaguNoM ke dhAraNa karane kA ullekha kavi ne kiyA hai| 8. bhagavAna

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36 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke dIkSArtha cale jAne para trizalA mAtA ke karUNa vilApa kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| 9. jisa sthAna para bhagavAna ne dIkSA lI usa sthAna para indrANI dvArA pahile se hI sA~thiyA pUra dene kA bhI ullekha kavi ne kiyA hai| kavi navalazAhakRta vardhamAnapurANa __zrI sakalakIrti ke saMskRta vardhamAna-carita ke AdhAra para kavi navalazAha ne chandobaddha hindI bhASA meM vardhamAna-purANa kI racanA kI hai| yaha racanA, dohA, caupAI, soraThA, gItA, jogIrAsA, savaiyA Adi aneka chaMdoM meM kI gaI hai| jo par3hane meM rocaka aura manohara hai| yaha vi. saM. 1825 ke caita sudI 15 ko pUrNa huI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke carita kA mahattva .mAnavatA ke uddhAraka, yuga nirmAtA tathA pAMca mahAvratoM ke sambala se samAja ko saMvArane vAle caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bha. mahAvIra ke caritra kI mahattA se jainasAhitya samalaMkRta hai| unhoMne lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA se jo kucha kahA, gaNadharoM ne use sUtrabaddha kara' vizAla vADmaya kI thAtI ke rUpa meM hameM pradAna kiyA hai| mahAvIra ke sAhasa, paurUSa aura pratibhA se saba loga behada prabhAvita huye| alpAvasthA meM varddhamAna ne jo kara dikhAyA vaha anyatra sambhava nhiiN| isI avasthA meM satya, ahiMsA, asteya Adi ke aMkura bhI unake antas meM ubharane lage the| kalpasUtra ke anusAra mahAvIra dIkSita hokara 12 varSa se kucha adhika kAla taka nirmoha-bhAva se sAdhanA meM nimagna rhe| .. AcArAMga sUtra meM mahAvIra kI advitIya kaThoratama sAdhanA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya bhadrabAha ne kahA hai ki mahAvIra kI sAdhanA sabhI tIrthaMkaroM meM kaThoratama thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadhana meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA sthAna sarvopari hai| saMsAra-sAgara se samAja ko ubArane ke liye mahAvIra apane vaibhavapUrNa jIvana ko tyAga kara kaThoratama sAdhanA karake kevalI, sarvajJa, - mahAva

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zravaNadharma meM tIrthakara paramparA aura ma. mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra carita-sAhitya..... : arhanta va tIrthakara kI garimA se maNDita huye| pratyeka prANI ke kalyANa hetu unhoMne asahanIya kaSTa uThAyA kintu mAnavatA kI maryAdA para AMca nahIM Ane dii| unhoneM sampUrNa saMsAra ke liye hitakArI dharma kA upadeza diyaa| sabjagassa hidakaro dhammo titthaMkarehiM akkhaado| vastutaH tIrthakara mahAvIra ke carita meM eka mahAmAnava ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna the| ve svayaMbuddha aura nirbhIka sAdhaka the| ahiMsA hI unakA sAdhanA -sUtra thaa| unake mana meM na kuNThAoM ko sthAna thA aura na tanAvoM ko| yahI kAraNa thA ki indrabhUti gautama jaise talasparzI jJAnI paNDita bhI mahAvIra ke darzanamAtra se prabhAvita hue aura unake ziSya bane / brahmacarya kI utkRSTa sAdhanA aura ahiMsaka anuSThAna ne mahAvIra ko purUSottama banA diyA thaa| zreSTha purUSocita sabhI guNoM kA samavAya unameM thaa| nissandeha ve vizva ke advitIya krAntikArI, tattvopadezaka aura jananetA the| unakI krAnti eka kSetra taka sImita nahIM thI, unhoMne sarvatomukhI krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kiyaa| pAramparika khaNDana-maNDana meM nirata dArzanikoM ko anekAntavAda kA mahAmantra pradAna kiyaa| sadguNoM kI avamAnanA karane vAle janmagata jAtivAda para kaThora prahAra kara guNa-karmAdhAra para jAtivyavasthA kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| mahAvIra kathA mahAvIra kathA ke lekhaka gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela haiN| isameM mahAvIra ke pUrva bhava, janma se lekara nirvANa taka kI ghaTanAyeM tathA unake upadezoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha grantha upayogI va paThanIya hai| vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra tIrthakara varddhamAna mahAvIra isake lekhaka DaoN. nemicandra jaina hai| inhoneM cittAkarSaka bhASA meM mahAvIra ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva para acchA prakAza DAlA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra isake lekhaka zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina haiN| inhoMne digambara granthoM ke * AdhAra para zodhaparaka dRSTi se mahAvIra ke jIvana kA citraNa kiyA hai|

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38 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana varddhamAna (mahAkAvya) anUpa kavi dvArA hindI bhASA meM likhA yaha prathama mahAkAvya hai| ye digambara paramparA se prabhAvita haiN| . jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa isake lekhaka AcAryazrI hastImala, mahArAja haiN| isameM inhoMne munizrI kalyANavijaya jI ke "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" kA vizeSa rUpa se anuzaraNa kiyA hai| vizvajyoti mahAvIra - vizvajyoti mahAvIra, zrI upAdhyAya amara-muni kI anupama kRti hai| isameM jIvana, carita-pradhAna nahIM, vicAra-pradhAna hai| sandarbha - 1. muktikamala naina mohanamAlA, koThIpola, bar3odarA / 2. gujarAta vidyapITha, navajIvana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda /

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adhyAya - 2 AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA ___ pariccheda-1 | AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara kA vyaktitva vIrodaya mahAkAvya jaise anya aneka sAhityika va dArzanika granthoM ke praNetA paNDita zrI bhUrAmala zAstrI ne vi. saM. 1948 meM rAjasthAna ke zekhAvaTI kSetra kI gauravazAlI puNya-dharA rANolI grAma meM janma lekara khaNDelavAla jaina kulotpannA chAbar3A gotriya seTha sukhadeva jI pitAmaha ke nAma ko samunnata kiyaa| inake do putra caturbhuja va Der3harAja jI hue| caturbhaja kA vivAha ghRtadevI se huA thaa| kAvyoM ke sargAnta meM AcAryazrI ne apane mAtA-pitA kula kA nAma, to uddhRta kiyA hai, parantu janma-tithi upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai| " zrImAn zreSThi-caturbhujaH sa suSuve bhuuraamletyaahvyN| vANIbhUSaNa-varNinaM ghRtavarI devI ca yaM dhiicym||' san 1891 meM eka sAmAnya parantu dhArmika parivAra meM caturbhuja jI tathA ghRtavarI devI ne do jur3avA~ putroM ko janma diyaa| kintu janma ke kucha hI samaya bAda jIvana ke lakSaNa na milane se donoM zizuoM ko mRta mAna liyA gyaa| lekina thor3I hI dera meM eka zizu meM jIvanta hone ke lakSaNa prApta huye, para dUsarA bAlaka mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| jIvita bAlaka kA. nAma bhUrAmala rakhA gyaa| svanAmadhanya ve AcAryazrI 108 jJAnasAgara ke nAma se vikhyAta huye| chaganalAla evaM bhUrAmala ke atirikta ghRtadevI ke , gaMgAprasAda, gaurIzaMkara aura devIdatta ye tIna putra aura hue|

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40 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zikSA-dIkSA bAlyakAla se hI bhUrAmala kI adhyayana ke prati rUci thii| sarvaprathama kucAmana ke zrI paM. jinezvaradAsa jI ne rANolI grAma meM hI inheM dhArmika aura laukika zikSA dii| para unakI ucca zikSA kA prabandha gAMva meM na ho skaa| isI bIca isa parivAra para eka mahA-vipatti A gii| jaba chaganalAla kI Ayu 12 varSa aura bhUrAmala jI kI 10 varSa thI tabhI unake pitA caturbhuja kI vi. saM. (san 1092 I.) meM mRtyu ho gii| pitA kI mRtyu ho jAne se bAlaka bhUrAmala kI pArivArika artha-vyavasthA bigar3a gii| phalataH bhUrAmala ke adhyayana meM bAdhA upasthita ho gii| bhUrAmala ke laghubhrAtA devIdatta kA janma pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda huaa| parivAra ke bharaNa-poSaNa ke liye bAlyAvasthA meM hI bhUrAmala ke bar3e bhAI chaganalAna ko ghara se nikalanA pdd'aa| AjIvikA kI khoja meM ve gayA (bihAra) jI pahuMce aura eka jaina vyApArI kI dukAna meM naukarI kara lii| zikSA-prApti ke sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM duHkhI hokara bhUrAmala bhI bar3e bhAI chaganalAla ke pAsa gayAjI gae aura ve bhI vahA~ kisI seTha kI dukAna meM kAma khojane lge| eka varSa ke isa vipannatA ke aMdhakAra meM AzA kI kiraNa svarUpa syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI ke chAtroM kA vahA~ AnA huaa| par3hane kI tIvra lAlasA ke sAtha 15 varSa kI alpa Ayu meM hI bhUrAmala banArasa cale gye| vahA~ syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya meM saMskRta va jainasiddhAntoM kA adhyayana kara jJAna prApta kiyA aura kvInsa kaoNleja kAzI se zAstrI parIkSA uttIrNa kii| bhUrAmala jI mAnanA thA ki mAtra parIkSA pAsa karane se nahIM apitu sabhI granthoM kA AdyopAMta adhyayana kara unheM AtmasAt karane se hI saccA jJAna prApta hotA hai| arthopArjana hetu unhoMne kucha dina banArasa kI sar3akoM, hAToM meM gamache bhI bece, magara unhoMne vArANasI kA snAtaka bana kara hI caina liyaa| bhUrAmala kI adhyayana ke prati laganazIlatA evaM parizrama dekha syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya ke adhiSThAtA prasanna hokara bhUrAmala jI se gamache becane kA kAma chor3ane ko kahate to ve muskurAkara kaha dete ki Apa hI ne to sikhalAyA hai- "sukhArthI cet kuto vidyA, vidyArthI cet kuto

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA sukham" (sukhArthI ke liye vidyA kahA~ hai, aura vidyArthI ke liye sukha kahA~) unakA yaha uttara sunakara saba stabdha raha jAte aura mana hI mana unake svAbhimAna kI prazaMsA krte| gurUjana va mitra vidyArthI bhUrAmala ko sarvaprathama dhArmika va laukika zikSA dene vAle gurUvara zrI jinezvaradAsa the aura dharmazAstra ke adhyApaka paM. umarAvasiMha jI the jo kAlAntara meM brahmacArI jJAnAnanda jI ke nAma se prasiddha hue|' AcAryazrI ne apane granthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa meM gurUvandanA meM inhIM ko smaraNa kiyA hai| inhoMne apane granthoM meM kahIM bhI mitroM kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| mahAvidyAlaya meM inake sahapAThI paM. baMzIdhara jI, paM. govindarAya jI aura paNDita tulasIrAma jI the| kAryakSetra adhyayana ke bAda ye apane grAma (rANolI) lautte| unake sAmane kAryakSetra ko cunane kI samasyA thii| eka ora to adhyayana-adhyApana ke prati rUci aura dUsarI ora parivAra kI zocanIya pristhiti| ina donoM kAryoM ke atirikta svAdhyAya meM unakA adhikAMza samaya vyatIta hotA thaa| karmakAMDa meM unakA vizvAsa nahIM thaa| sAhitya sAdhanA adhyApana ke sAtha-sAtha bhUrAmala jI sAhitya-sAdhanA meM lage / rhe| unhoMne saMskRta tathA hindI meM lagabhaga 20 grantha likhe haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM -

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42 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara ke grantha saMskRta-grantha sAhityika grantha mahAkAvya cammUkAvya muktaka kAvya dayodaya munizataka tattvArthasUtra TIkA jayodaya vIrodaya sudarzanodaya bhadrodaya dArzanika grantha (samudradatta carita) pravacanasAgara jainavivAha karttavyapatha sacitta vivecana vidhi pradarzana vivekodaya devAgamastrota sAhityika grantha samyakatvasAra hindI padyAnuvAda hindI-grantha RSabhAvatAra niyamasAra kA padyAnuvAda sundara-vRtAnta mAnava-jIvana aSTapAhuDa kA padyAnuvAda dArzanika grantha bhAgyodaya samayasAra svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina-dharma isaprakAra paM. bhUrAmala jI zAstrI ne apanI yuvAvasthA vyatIta kI / jaba unakI Ayu 51 varSa kI huI taba vikrama saMvat 2004 (san 1947I.) meM Atma-kalyANa kI prabala bhAvanA se bAla- brahmacArI hote hue bhI AcArya vIrasAgara jI mahArAja kI AjJA se ASAr3ha zuklA aSTamI ko ghara kA tyAga kara ajamera nagara, kesaragaMja meM saptama brahmacarya pratimA aMgIkAra kara lI aura isI samaya prakAzita hue siddhAnta grantha, zrIdhavala, jayadhavala, mahAbandha kA gambhIra svAdhyAya kiyA / dhIre-dhIre mana meM vairAgyabhAva bar3hane para vi. saM. 2012 (san 1955 I.) meM manasurapura ( renavAla) meM vIrasAgara mahArAja ke

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA samIpa kSullaka dIkSA le lii| kSullaka banane ke bAda bhUrAmala jI ailaka dazA meM bhI kucha samaya rahe / brahmacArI bhUrAmala se kramazaH bar3hate huye ve munizrI jJAnasAgara bane / vikrama saM: 2016 (san 1959I.) meM inhoMne jayapura meM AcAryazrI zivasAgara jI mahArAja se sarva parigraha tyAgakara di. munidIkSA le lii| unakA nAma munizrI jJAnasAgara rakhA gyaa| sAtha hI unheM saMgha kA upAdhyAya bhI banA diyA gyaa| bAda meM ve AcArya pada para bhI pratiSThita hue / dhIre-dhIre mahAkavi AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA zarIra kSINatA ko prApta hone lgaa| apane ziSyoM meM unheM munizrI 108 vidyAsAgara jI hI sarva zreSTha lge| ataH ve dinAMka 22 navambara san 1972 I. (mArgazIrSa kRSNA dvitIyA vi. saM. 2020 ) ko apanA AcArya pada apane ziSya munizrI 108 vidyAsAgara jI ko sauMpakara pUrNa rUpeNa vairAgya, tapazcaraNa evaM sallekhanA meM sannaddha ho gaye / 43 sallekhanA pUjya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke nirdezana meM calane lagI / sAITikA se pIr3ita rUgNa zarIra vAle tapasvI ke kaSToM kA AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja bahuta dhyAna rakhate the / vaiyyAvRtti kA yaha kArya nau mAha taka claa| AcAryazrI ne pahale anna tyAgA, phira chAMcha tyAgI, phira 28 maI 1973 ko cAroM prakAra ke AhAroM kA tyAga kara diyaa| anta meM jyeSTha kRSNA 15 vikrama saMvat 2023 zukravAra (dinAMka 7 jUna, 1973) ko dina meM 10 bajakara 20 minaTa para nasIrAbAda nagara meM samAdhikaraNa kara ve Atmatattva meM vilIna ho gaye / isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki kavi bhUrAmala zAstrI ko agAdha pANDitya prApta thA / unakA, vyAkaraNa, darzana, kAvya, saMgIta Adi para samAna adhikAra thaa| bhAratIya saMskRti ke prati unameM apAra zraddhA thI / unake kAvyoM meM bhAratIyatA kA koI pakSa achUtA nahIM rahA / vAstava meM tyAga-tapasyA, udAratA, sAhitya-sarjanA Adi guNoM kI sAkSAt mUrti mahAkavi AcArya munizrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja evaM unake kArya stutya, anukaraNIya evaM ullekhanIya haiN|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sandarbha - 1. ja. ma. 1/1141 2. zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta paricaya, muni saMgha vyavasthA samiti, nsiiraabaad| 3. vahI pR. saM. 21 4. paM. hIrAlAla siddhAnta zAstrI, dayodaya campU prastAvanA pR. saM. 5 / 5. paM. lAlabahAdura zAstrI, jaingjtt| 6. le. sureza sarala, vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara pR. 87 | 7. vIrodaya, prathama sarga, zloka saM. 6. pR. saM. 2. / 8. gauralAla jaina, bAhuvalI-sandeza, pR. saM. 33 /

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'AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA pariccheda-2 |jayodaya mahAkAvya kI samIkSA bIsavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha (vi. saMvat 1994 tathA san 1937 I.) meM rAjasthAna vIrabhUmi ke sapUta bAla brahmacArI vANI-bhUSaNa zrI bhUrAmala zAstrI khaNDelavAla ne advitIya 'jayodaya mahAkAvya' kI racanA karake pUrvavartI do zatAbdiyoM kI zuSka kAvyadhArA ko punaH pravAhita kiyaa| isameM jinasena prathama dvArA praNIta mahApurANa meM pallavita RSabhadeva-bharatakAlIna jayakumAra evaM sulocanA ke paurANika kathAnaka ko puSpita kiyA gayA hai| yaha mahAkAvya 28 sargoM meM nibaddha hai| isakA nAmAntara 'sulocanA svayaMvara mahAkAvya' bhI hai| jayakumAra evaM sulocanA kI kathA pratipAdaka anya racanAe~ bhI haiN| jaise - (1) mahAsenakRta sulocanA kathA (vi. saM. 800) (2) guNabhadrakRta mahApurANa ke antima pA~ca parva (vi.saM. 900) (3) hastimallakRta vikrAnta kaurava athavA sulocanA nATaka (vi. saM. 1250) / (4) vAdicandra bhaTTArakakRta sulocanAcarita (vi. saM. 1671)1 (5) bra. kAmarAja-praNIta jayakumAracarita (vi. saM. 1710) tathA (6) bra. prabhurAja viracita jykumaarcrit| jayodaya mahAkAvya sAhitya-jagata meM 20vIM zatAbdI kA sarvotkRSTa mahAkAvya to hai hI, sAtha hI jainadarzana meM 14 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kA prathama mahAkAvya bhI hai| isameM 3047 padya aura 28 sarga haiN| isa kA prakRti-citraNa mAgha ke kAvyoM kI tulanA karane ke liye prerita karatA hai| isa mahAkAvya rUpI sAgara kI talahaTI sAhitya hai, to darzana usake kinAre aura rasa alaMkAra Adi kI chaTA apAra jala-rAzi ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, aparigraha evaM brahmacarya Adi AcaraNaparaka aneka sUtrarUpI ratnoM kA bhaNDAra isa jayodaya mahAkAvya-rUpI sindhu meM bharA par3A hai tathA yaha mahAkAvya rasa, alaMkAra evaM chanda kI triveNI se pavitratA ko

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prApta hai| yaha sAhitya darzana evaM AdhyAtmika zailI meM deza kI jvalaMta samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa bhI karatA hai| isa yuga ke Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra prathama cakravartI bharata ke senApati jayakumAra ke cAritrika jIvana kI sarasa kathA kA Azraya lekara isa kAvya kI racanA huI hai| isameM zrRMgArarasa aura zAntarasa kI samAnAntara pravAhamAna dhArA pAThakoM ko apUrva rasa se sikta karatI hai| jayakumAra aura sulocanA kI praNaya kathA kA prastuta varNana naiSadhIya carita evaM kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM kA smaraNa dilAtA hai| 46 jayodaya mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu aitihAsika hai| jayakumAra hastinApura - nareza haiN| inakI patnI sulocanA ke caritra kA AdhAra lekara jaina - kaviyoM ne kathA, kAvya, nATaka Adi kI racanAe~ kI haiN| jayodaya mahAkAvya alaMkAroM kI maMjUSA, cakrabandhoM kI vApikA, sUktiyoM aura upadezoM kI suramya vATikA hai| kAvya-kSetra ke andhakAra yuga ko gaurava pradAna karane vAlA yaha gauravamaya mahAkAvya hai| prakRti - nirIkSaNa meM mahAkavi kI sUkSmakSikA-zakti ko usakI kalpanA - zakti ne pUrNataH paripuSTa kiyA hai / isa mahAkAvya kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai kathAvastu prAcInakAla meM hastinApura meM jayakumAra rAjA rAjya karatA thA / vaha kIrtimAna, zrImAn, vidvAna, buddhimAna, saundaryavAna, bhAgyavAna evaM atyanta pratApavAna thA / eka dina usake nagara ke udyAna meM kisI tapasvI kA Agamana huaa| unake Agamana kA samAcAra sunakara rAjA jayakumAra bhI unake darzana ke liye gyaa| muni ke darzanoM se vaha atyadhika harSita huA / phira unakI stuti kI aura namratApUrvaka karttavya- patha-pradarzana hetu nivedana kiyA / (prathamasarga) munirAja ne jayakumAra ko gRhasthadharma ke sAtha-sAtha rAjA ke. karttavyoM kA bhI upadeza diyaa| muni ke vacanoM ko sunakara jayakumAra kA zarIra romAMcita aura antaHkaraNa nirmala ho gyaa| phira bhaktipUrvaka sira jhukAkara unheM praNAma kara vaha bAhara AyA / jayakumAra ke sAtha eka sarpiNI 1

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA ne bhI munirAja kA upadeza sunA thaa| jayakumAra ne bAhara Akara dekhA ki vaha sarpiNI kisI anya sarpa ke sAtha ramaNa kara rahI hai| yaha dekhakara hAtha ke kamala se jayakumAra ne usa sarpiNI ko piittaa| sarpiNI devI ke rUpa meM utpanna huii| usane apane pati nAgakumAra se jayakumAra ke virUddha vacana khe| vaha mUrkha strI ke kathana kA vizvAsa kara jayakumAra ko mArane hastinApura gyaa| hastinApura meM jAkara jaba usane dekhA-sunA ki jayakumAra apanI striyoM ko vaha sArI ghaTanA sunAte huye striyoM ke. kauTilya kI nindA kara rahA hai, taba ghaTanA kI vAstavikatA kA jJAna hone para usane apanI strI kI nindA kI aura jayakumAra ke sAmane Akara apanA sArA vRttAnta satya-satya kahA aura jayakumAra ke prati mana meM bhakti ko dhAraNa karake calA gyaa| (dvitIya sarga) eka dina jayakumAra rAjasabhA meM baiThA thaa| vahA~ kAzI-nareza kA dUta aayaa| usane kahA ki kAzI nagarI ke rAjA kI AjJA se maiM ApakI sevA meM AyA huuN| unakI eka putrI hai- sulocanA, jo adbhuta rUpa aura guNoM kI svAminI hai| usakA vivAha ve svayaMvara-vidhi se karanA cAhate haiN| ataH sulocanA-svayaMvara meM zAmila hone hetu Apa bhI kAzI kI yAtrA kreN| yaha saMdeza kahakara dUta cupa ho gyaa| unhoMne apane vakSa-sthala kA hAra upahAra meM dUta ko de diyaa| tatpazcAt apanI senA sajAkara jayakumAra kAzI kI ora cala pdd'e| kAzI meM kAzI-nareza ne unakA bar3A svAgata kiyaa| (tRtIya sarga) sulocanA-svayaMvara-samAroha kA samAcAra ayodhyA-nareza bharata ke pAsa bhI pahu~cA / bharata ne yaha samAcAra apane putra arkakIrti ko sunaayaa| arkakIrti ne vahA~ jAne kI icchA prakaTa kara pitA se anumati maaNgii| unake sumati nAma ke maMtrI ne kahA ki vahA~ binA bulAye nahIM jAnA caahiye| kintu durmati nAma ke maMtrI ne jAne ke sambandha meM apanI sahamati prakaTa kii| itane meM hI kAzI-nareza ne vahA~ paha~cakara samAroha meM upasthita hone kA nimantraNa diyaa| apane sabhAsadoM se vicAra-vimarza ke bAda arkakIrti bhI svayaMvara-samAroha meM bhAga lene kAzI pahu~ca gyaa| (caturtha sarga)

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48 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana svayaMvara samAroha meM aneka dezoM ke kulIna rAjakumAra bhI kanyA-varaNa karane isa svayaMvara meM pahuMce the| kAzI-nareza ne una sabakA svAgata kiyaa| jaise hI jayakumAra sabhA-maNDapa meM pahu~cA, sabhI upasthita janoM kA mana use dekhakara pratidvanditA se paripUrNa ho gyaa| rAjA ke yahA~ upasthita deva (jo pahale kAzI-nareza kA bhAI thA) ne sulocanA ko sabhAmaNDapa meM calane kA Adeza diyaa| kacuMkI dvArA nirdiSTa mArga se sulocanA sakhiyoM ke sAtha jinandradeva kA pUjana kara sabhA-maNDapa meM phuNcii| (paMcama sarga) sulocanA sabhAbhavana meM vidyA nAma kI paricArikA ke sAtha kacuMkI ke dvArA batAye mArga para calane lgii| vidyA devI ne sulocanA ko AkAzacArI vidyAdharoM aura bhUmicArI rAjAoM ko dikhAkara sarvaprathama sunami aura vinami kA paricaya diyaa| vidyAdhara rAjAoM meM sulocanA kI . rUci na dekhakara usane pRthvI ke rAjAoM kA paricaya kraayaa| usane kramazaH bharata ke putra arkakIrti tathA kaliMga, kA~cI, kAbula, aMga, vaMga, sindhu, kAzmIra, karNATaka, mAlava, kairAva Adi dezoM se Aye rAjAoM ke guNoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyaa| sulocanA jaba jayakumAra ke pAsa pahuMcI to vidyAdevI ne sulocanA kA mana jayakumAra ke anukUla pAkara, vistAra-pUrvaka unake guNoM kA varNana kiyaa| vidyAdevI se prerita hokara usane jayakumAra ke gale meM jayamAlA DAla dii| usI samaya harSa-pUrvaka nagAr3e jora-jora se bajane lge| jayakumAra kA mukha kAntiyukta ho gayA, para anya rAjAoM ke mukhamaNDala mlAna ho gye| (SaSTha sarga) arkakIrti ke sevaka durmarSaNa ko yaha svayaMvara-samAroha kAzI-nareza kI pUrva niyojita yojanA lgaa| usane arkakIrti se kahA ki cakravartI ke putra Apa ko chor3akara sulocanA ne jayakumAra kA varaNa kiyA hai| jayakumAra jaise to Apake kitane hI sevaka hoNge| phira kula kI upekSA bhI ThIka nhiiN| durmarSaNa ke vacanoM se uttejita arkakIrti ne yuddha ke mAdhyama se jayakumAra ko nIcA dikhAne kI ThAna lI, parantu anavadyamati nAma ke maMtrI ne samajhAyA ki kAzI-nareza (akampana) aura jayakumAra hamAre adhInastha rAjA haiM, jayakumAra kI sahAyatA se bharata ne digvijaya karake cakravartI

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA samrATa-pada pAyA hai| isaliye ve tumhAre pitA ke sneha-bhAjana haiN| akampana to Apake pitA ke bhI pUjya haiN| unase yuddha karanA gurUdroha hogaa| kintu arkakIrti para anavadyamati ke vacanoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| arkakIrti ke krodha kA samAcAra mahArAja akampana ne sunA to maMtriyoM se salAha karake eka dUta arkakIrti ke pAsa bhejaa| kintu dUta ke vacana sunakara bhI arkakIrti yuddha se virata nahIM huaa| taba akampana atyadhika cintita hue| mahArAja akampana ko cintita dekhakara jayakumAra ne unheM dhIraja ba~dhAyA aura sulocanA kI rakSA karane ke liye khaa| tatpazcAt jayakumAra arkakIrti se yuddha ke liye sannaddha ho gye| yaha dekhakara akampana bhI apane hemAGagada Adi putroM sahita yuddha ke liye cala pdd'e| zrIdhara, suketu, devakIrti ityAdi rAjAoM ne bhI jayakumAra kA sAtha diyaa| jayakamAra aura arkakIrti kI senAe~ yuddha kSetra meM Amane-sAmane Akara khar3I ho gii| arkakIrti ne cakravyUha kI racanA kI aura jayakumAra ne makaravyUha kI racanA kii| (saptama sarga) donoM senAyeM paraspara yuddha ke liye lalakArane lgiiN| yuddha kA nagAr3A bajA diyA gyaa| gajArohI, rathArohI aura azvArohI paraspara yuddha karane lge| jayakumAra tathA usake anya bhAIyoM ne evaM hemAGgada Adi kAzI-nareza ke putroM ne pratipakSiyoM kA DaTakara sAmanA kiyaa| isI bIca ratiprabhadeva ne Akara jayakumAra ko nAgapAza aura arddhacandra nAma kA vANa diyaa| jayakumAra ne isa donoM se arkakIrti ko bA~dha liyaa| jayakumAra vijayI huye| kAzI-nareza akampana ne sulocanA ko jayakumAra ke vijayI hone kI sUcanA dii| pazcAt sabane jinendra deva kI pUjA kii| (aSTama sarga) . jayakumAra ke vijayI hone para rAjA akampana ne vicAra kiyA ki apanI dUsarI putrI akSamAlA kA vivAha arkakIrti se kara diyA jaave| unhoMne arkakIrti ko koI daNDa nahIM diyA aura vinamratA pUrvaka akSamAlA ko svIkAra karane ko khaa| unhoMne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA ki jayakumAra aparAjeya hai| usakA koI aparAdha bhI nahIM hai| jayakumAra ne bhI akakIrti se prItiyukta vinamra vacana khe| kAzI-nareza ke prayatna se jayakumAra aura

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana arkakIrti kI punaH sandhi ho gii| tatpazcAt kAzI - nareza (akampana) ne sumukha nAmaka dUta ko bharata ke pAsa bhejaa| sumukha ne kAzI nagarI kA vRttAnta bar3I namratApUrvaka samrATa bharata se kahA aura kAzI - nareza kI ora se kSamA-yAcanA kii| samrATa bharata ne rAjA akampana aura jayakumAra ke prati prazAMsAtmaka vacana khe| samrATa bharata ke vacanoM se santuSTa hokara dUta ne unakI vandanA kI aura kAzI Akara ayodhyA meM huI vArtA ko kAzI - nareza ke sammukha prastuta kiyaa| (navam sarga) 50 jayakumAra ke vivAha kI taiyArI huI aura jayakumAra ko bArAta ke sAtha nagara meM Ane ke liye AmaMtrita kiyA gyaa| jayakumAra bArAta ke sAtha jaba nagara meM praveza karate haiM to prajAjana bArAta kI zobhA dekhakara harSita hote haiN| jayakumAra aura sulocanA ko maMDapa meM lAyA jAtA hai| donoM eka dUsare ko dekhakara pramudita hote haiN| (dazamasarga) t gyArahaveM sarga meM 100 zlokoM meM sulocanA ke rUpa-saundarya kA varNana karate huye zrRMgAra rasa kI advitIya DhaMga se upasthApanA kI gaI hai| isameM jayakumAra dvArA sulocanA ke rUpa-saundarya kA sarasatA - pUrNa varNana kiyA gayA hai| (ekAdaza sarga) jayakumAra aura sulocanA kA vivAha sampanna huA / vara-badhU ne jinapUjana kii| upasthita aneka prajAjanoM ke bIca gurUjanoM ne vara-badhU ko zubhArzIvAda diyA, mahilAoM ne saubhAgya gIta gAye / dAsiyoM evaM striyoM ne hAsa-parihAsa ke sAtha bArAtiyoM ko bhojana kraayaa| kAzI - nareza ne jayakumAra evaM vara pakSa ke abhyAgatoM kA atyadhika satkAra kiyA / ( dvAdaza sarga) vivAha ke pazcAt jayakumAra ne kAzI- nareza se apane nagara jAne kI AjJA lii| sulocanA ke mAtA-pitA ne azrupUrNa netroM se sulocanA evaM jayakumAra ko vidA kiyaa| donoM unheM chor3ane samIpastha tAlAba taka gaye / sulocanA ke bhAI bhI sulocanA ke sAtha the| sArathI ne mArga meM sthita vana aura gaMgAnadI ke varNana se jayakumAra kA manoraMjana kiyaa| jayakumAra ne usI ke taTa para senA sahita par3Ava ddaalaa| (trayodaza sarga)

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51. AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA jayakumAra sulocanA evaM unake anya sAthiyoM ne vahA~ para bahuta samaya taka vanakrIDA evaM madhura AlApa se apanA manoraMjana kiyaa| (caturdaza sarga) sUrya ke asta hone para kramazaH sandhyA kA Agamana huaa| rAtri kA andhakAra cAroM ora phailA aura candramA kA udaya huaa| yahA~ striyoM ke hAva-bhAva kA sarasa varNana hai| (paMcadaza sarga) rAtri ke meM strI-purUdoM ne paraspara hAsa-vilAsa karate huye madya-pAna kiyaa| madyapAna se unakI ceSTAyeM vikata ho gaIM, netra lAla ho gye| strI-purUSa meM paraspara mAna, abhimAna aura prema kA vyavahAra hone lgaa| yahA~ sakhiyoM kI AlaMkArika praNaya-kathA kA sarasa varNana hai| (SoDaza sarga) sabhI yugala ekAnta sthAnoM me cale gye| jayakumAra sulocanA evaM anya sabhI purUSoM ne surata krIr3AyeM kii| arddharAtri meM sabhI ne nidrA-devI kI goda meM vizrAma kiyaa| isameM zrRMgAra varNana hai| (saptadaza sarga) zubha prabhAta huaa| nakSatra vilIna ho gye| candramA asta ho gyaa| bhuvana-bhAskara kA udaya huaa| loga nidrA-rahita hokara apane-apane kAma meM laga gye| yahA~ prabhAtavarNana meM ' kavi kI kAvya-pratibhA kA paricaya milatA hai| (aSTAdaza sarga) prAtaHkAla jayakumAra ne snAnAdi kriyAyeM kii| jinendradeva kI pUjA kara zraddhApUrvaka stuti kii| yahA~ RddhimaMtroM kA ullekha hai| (ekonaviMza sarga) . isake bAda jayakumAra ne samrATa bharata se bheMTa karane kI icchA se ayodhyA kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| vahA~ pahu~cakara sabhA bhavana ke siMhAsana para baiThe samrATa ko usane, praNAma kiyaa| bharata ke vAtsalyapUrNa vacanoM se Azvasta hokara jayakumAra ne kSamA yAcanA pUrvaka sulocanA-svayaMvara kA sArA vRttAnta khaa| use sunakara samrATa ne apane putra arkakIrti ko hI doSI tthhraayaa| unhoMne akSamAlA aura arkakIrti ke vivAha para kAzI-nareza akampana ke prati prazaMsAtmaka vacana bhI khe| samrATa se satkRta hokara . jayakumAra, hAthI para savAra hokara apanI senA kI ora cala pdd'aa| mArga meM gaMgAnadI meM praveza karate hI jayakumAra ke. hAthI para. vyantara dvArA upasarga huaa| jala kI U~cI-U~cI taraMge uThane lgiiN| gaMgA meM ekAeka uThe tUphAna se jayakumAra kucha vyAkula huye| pati ko saMkaTa meM dekha sulocanA ne

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52 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mahAmaMtra kI ArAdhanA kI to gaMgAdevI ne Akara isa upasarga ko dUra kiyA aura sulocanA kI divya vastrAbhUSaNoM se pUjA kii| jayakumAra dvArA pU~che jAne para gaMgAdevI ne apanA paricaya diyA aura pUrvabhava meM sulocanA dvArA kiye gaye upakAra kI ghaTanA sunaayii| jayakumAra ghaTanA sunakara prasanna hue| unhoMne gaMgAdevI dvArA upasarga dUra kara diye jAne kA AbhAra mAnA aura use vidA kiyaa| (viMzati sarga) jayakumAra kI AjJA lekara sainika hastinApura ko prasthita huye| jayakumAra ne bhI ratha para ArUr3ha hokara sulocanA ke sAtha prasthAna kiyaa| mArga-sthita dRzyoM ke varNana se sulocanA kA manoraMjana karate huye ve eka vana meM phuNce| bhIloM ke mukhiyA jayakumAra ke liye bheMTa meM gajamuktA, phala puSpAdi laae| bhIloM kI putrI ke saundarya ko dekhakara jayakumAra prasanna huye| sulocanA bhI gopoM kI vastI dekhakara prasanna huiiN| gopa-gopiyoM ne dahI, dUdha aura Adara se jayakumAra evaM sulocanA ko prasanna kiyaa| jayakumAra ne kuzala vArtA pU~chane ke pazcAt premapUrvaka una sabhI se vidA lii| hastinApura pahuMcane para jayakumAra aura sulocanA kA mantriyoM ne svAgata kiyaa| prajA varga ne bhI apane rAjA kA sammAna kiyaa| nagara kI striyoM ne nava-vadhU sulocanA kA saundarya dekhakara harSa kA anubhava kiyaa| jayakumAra ne sulocanA ke mastaka para paTTa bAMdhakara use 'pradhAnamahiSI ghoSita kiyaa| rAjakumAra ke isa vyavahAra kI hemAGgada Adi ne muktakaMTha se prazaMsA kii| jayakumAra ne hAsa-parihAsa sahita unake sAtha bahuta samaya vyatIta kiyaa| ratna, AbhUSaNa ityAdi dekara unheM vidA kiyaa| jayakumAra ko praNAma karake ve saba hastinApura se kAzI phuNce| vahA~ pitA ko praNAma kara unheM apanI bahina-bahanoI kA sArA vRttAnta sunaayaa| putrI ke sukha-samRddhi se paripUrNa vRttAnta ko jAnakara kAzI-nareza akampana prasanna hue aura Atma-kalyANa ke mArga kI ora agrasara hue| (ekaviMzati sarga) __92 zlokoM meM nibaddha 22veM sarga meM jayakumAra aura sulocanA ke dAmpatya-prema kA varNana hai| yahA~ kA camatkAra pUrNa RtuvarNana bhI ullekhanIya hai| isameM jayakumAra ke prajApAlana tathA sulocanA ke gRha-kArya kI

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AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA kuzalatA kA bhI acchA varNana hai / inake bhoga-vilAsa aura sukhI jIvana kA bhI ullekha hai / (dvAviMzati sarga) 53 1 rAjya- kArya choTe bhAI vijaya ko dekara jayakumAra apanA dhyAna prajA ke hita - cintana meM lgaayaa| eka dina jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha mahala kI chata para baiThe the / AkAza meM eka vimAna ko dekhakara prabhAvatI nAma kI pUrvajanma kI priyA kA smaraNa karake ve mUrchita ho gye| sulocanA ne bhI sAmane eka kapota - - yugala ko dekhA, to vaha bhI apane pUrva janma ke premI rativara kA smaraNa karake mUrchita ho gaI / upacAra se donoM kI mUrchA samApta huI, kintu vahA~ upasthita striyoM ne sulocanA ke carita para sandeha kiyA / jayakumAra ke pUchane para sulocanA ne apane pUrvajanmoM kA vRttAnta sunAyA / sulocanA ke pUrva - janma videha deza meM puNDarIkiNI nagarI meM kuberapriya seTha apanI strI ke sAtha rahatA thaa| usake vahA~ rativara nAmaka kabUtara aura ratiSeNA nAma kI kabUtarI bhI rahatI thI / eka dina seTha ke yahA~ do munivara aaye| unake darzanoM se kapota-yugala ko apane pUrva janmoM kI yAda A gii| phalasvarUpa unhoMne brahmacarya - - vrata le liyA / vrata ke phalasvarUpa donoM agale janma meM bhI hiraNyavarmA aura prabhAvatI ke rUpa meM pati-patnI bne| isa paryAya meM bhI inheM pUrvabhava ke smaraNa se vairAgya huA aura ve dIkSita hokara muni tathA AryikA bane / eka dina tapazcaraNa karate samaya unake pUrva janma ke vairI vidyuccora ne krodha meM Akara inheM jalA diyA / tapa ke prabhAva se ve donoM agale janma meM deva hue| eka dina ghUmate huye ve donoM deva eka sarovara ke samIpa pahu~ce / vahA~ tapasyArata bhIma nAmaka munirAja se unheM jJAta huA ki jaba vaha deva ke (hiraNyavarmA) sukAnta ke rUpa meM janmA thA, taba ve bhavadeva nAma zatru the / kapota ke janma ke samaya ve bilAva ke rUpa meM unake zatru bane the aura hiraNyavarmA ke janma ke samaya meM vidyuccora bhI ve hI the| isa samaya ve bhIma ke rUpa meM utpanna huye haiN| sulocanA ne spaSTa kara diyA ki jayakumAra hI sukAnta, rativara, kabUtara, hiraNyavarmA aura svarga ke deva ke rUpa meM utpanna hue the| sulocanA se apane pUrvajanmoM ko sunakara jayakumAra bahuta prasanna hue /

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54 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa samaya una donoM ko divyajJAna kI prApti bhI ho gii| (trayovizaMti sarga) ... divyajJAna kI sahAyatA se jayakumAra aura sulocanA tIrthayAtrA ke liye ge| sumerU, udayAMcala Adi meM vihAra karate huye ve himAlaya para phuNce| vahA~ eka mandira meM jAkara vidhipUrvaka jinandradeva kI pUjA arcanA kii| tatpazcAt parvata para vihAra karate hue ve donoM eka dUsare se kucha dUra ho gye| isI samaya saudharmendra kI sabhA meM jayakumAra ke zIla kI prazaMsA kI jA rahI thI, jise sunakara raviprabha deva ne apanI patnI kA~canA ko jayakumAra ke zIla kI parIkSA lene ke liye bhejaa| usane vahA~ Akara apanI mana-gaDhanta kahAnI jayakumAra ko sunAyI aura bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI kAma-ceSTAoM se vicalita karanA cAhA, parantu jayakumAra ke hRdaya para usake vacanoM aura ceSTAoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| ulaTe usane usake vyavahAra kI nindA kI aura use striyoM ke sadaAcaraNa kI gakSA dii| para jayakumAra ke udAsIna vacanoM ko sunakara rAkSasI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara vaha jayakumAra ko uThAkara jAne lagI taba sulocanA ne vahA~ pahu~cakara usakI bar3I bhartsanA kii| sulocanA ke zIla ke mAhAtmya se usane jayakumAra ko chor3a diyaa| usane asalIrUpa meM prakaTa hokara jayakumAra kI prazaMsA kI aura calI gii| apanI patnI se jayakumAra ke niSkAma bhAva ko jAnakara raviprabha deva ne bhI Akara jayakumAra kI pUjA kii| isa prakAra tIrthoM meM vihAra karake jayakumAra apane nagara meM lauTa Aye aura sulocanA ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| (caturvizati sarga) sAMsArika bhoga-vilAsoM kI niHsAratA ko dekhakara jayakumAra ke mana meM eka dina vairAgyabhAva jAgA aura vastutattva kA cintana karate hue vana jAne kI icchA kii| (paMcaviMzati sarga) apane putra anantavIrya kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara ve vana kI ora cala pdd'e| hastinApura kI prajA ne harSa aura viSAda-ina do virodhI bhAvoM kA, sAtha-sAtha anubhava kiyaa| vana meM jayakumAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pAsa gye| unakI bhaktipUrvaka stuti kI aura kalyANa-mArga ke viSaya meM puuchaa| (SaDviMzati sarga) bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne jayakumAra ko dharma kA svarUpa btlaayaa| jise sunakara ve

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AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA dRDhatApUrvaka AtmakalyANa ke mArga para agrasara ho gye| ( saptaviMzati sarga) jayakumAra sarva bAhya parigraha chor3akara muni ho gaye aura ghora tapazcaraNa karane lge| ve bha. RSabhadeva ke gaNadhara bane / anta meM mokSa prApta kiyaa| sulocanA ne bhI brAhmI AryikA ke samakSa dIkSA le lI aura sAdhanA kara anta meM acyuta svarga meM indra ho gii| 55 yahA~ para pUrva kaviyoM kA smaraNa karate huye isa mahAkAvya kI samApti kI gaI hai| (aSTAviMzati sarga) jayodaya mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kI aitihAsikatA bharata cakravartI ke samakAlIna jayakumAra kA AkhyAna AdipurANa meM milatA hai| yahA~ isakA varNana maryAdita hai| ataH isa mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka ko paurANika yA aitihAsika kahA jA sakatA hai| aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM padmagupta parimalakRta 'nava sAhasAGkacarita' / vilhaNa kA 'vikramAMka devacarita / tathA kalhaNa kI 'rAjataraMgiNI Adi kAvya Ate haiN| jainAcArya hemacandra ( 1089 - 1173 I.) kA kumArapAlacarita / vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM hue somezvara kA surathotsava aura kIrtikaumudI / arisiMhakRta 'sukRta saMkIrtana / aura bAlasUra kA basanta vilAsa' -ye jayodaya mahAkAvya kI aitihAsikatA ke AdhAra haiM / 'nayacandrasUri racita hamIra mahAkAvya / kAzmIrI kavi jayAnaka kA' pRthvIrAja vijaya / aura vAkpati rAja kA 'gaDabahoM / prAkRta meM nibaddha aitihAsika kAvyoM meM apanI viziSTatA ke kAraNa nitAMta prakhyAta haiN| 2 devaprabha sUri kA 'pANDavacarita / kRSNAnanda kA 'sahRdayAnanda' / vAmana bhaTTavANa kA 'nalAbhyudaya' / vastuvAla racita 'naranArAyaNAnanda', / sAkalyamalla racita 'udArarAghava' / somezvara kavi kA 'surathotsava / govinda maravI kA 'harivaMza - sAracarita' / veMkaTezvara kA 'rAmacandrodaya' evaM 'raghuvIra carita' nAmaka mahAkAvya bhI isI paramparA meM Ate haiN| jayodaya mahAkAvya para mahAvIra - carita - paramparA kA prabhAva jayodaya mahAkAvya para mahAvIra - carita - paramparA kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se vikrama kI 20vIM zatAbdI

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56 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke anta taka lagabhaga 2500 varSoM ke dIrghakAla meM jaina manISiyoM ne prAkRta, saMskRta ke jina vipula vAGmaya kA nirmANa kiyA, use pramukha tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai, pahalA Agamika, dUsarA anuAgamika, tIsarA aagmetr| sUktiyA~ - 1. kartavyamancet satataM prasannaH - (vIro. sarga. 17 zloka 10) sadA prasanna rahakara apanA kartavya pAlana karanA caahiye| 2. guNabhUmirhi bhavedvinItatatA - (vIro. sarga. 7 zloka 5) vinItatA arthAt sajjanoM ke guNoM ke prati Adara bhAva pragaTa karanA hI samasta guNoM kA AdhAra hai| 3. guNaM sadaivAnusaredaroSam - (vIro. sarga 17 zloka 9) dUsaroM ke guNoM kA IrSyA roSa Adi se rahita hokara anusaraNa karanA caahie| 4. tulyAvasthA na sarveSAM, kintu sarve'pi bhAginaH - (vIro.sarga. 17 zloka 41) karma ke udaya se jIva kI dazA kabhI eka-sI nahIM raha pAtI, hameMzA parivartana hotA rahatA hai| 5. gataM. na zocya viduSA samastu gantavyamevA''zrayaNIyavastu - (vIro. sarga 14 zloka 34) vidvAna ko bIta gaI bAta kA zoka nahIM karanA cAhiye aura apane gantavya mArga para hI Age bar3hanA caahiye| 6. kasmai bhavetkaH sukhaduHkha kartA, svakarmaNoM'gI paripAkabhartA - (vIro. sarga. 16 zloka 10) kauna kisake liye sukha yA duHkha detA hai ? pratyeka prANI apane-apane kiye karmoM ke paripAka ko bhogatA hai| sandarbha - 1. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyayana, pR. 18-36 | 2. jayodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka, adhyayana, pR. 501

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA OM.. pariccheda-3 sudarzanodaya kI samIkSA AcArya jJAnasAgara viracita sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya meM caubIsa kAmadevoM meM se antima kAmadeva seTha sudarzana ke jIvanacaritra ko prastuta kara eka gRhastha ke sadAcAra, zIla evaM ekapatnIvrata kI alaukika mahimA ko darzAyA gayA hai| sudarzana-carita kI paramparA nayanandi ne apane 'sudaMsaNacariu' meM tathA sakalakIrti ne apane sudarzanacarita meM unheM spaSTa rUpa se caubIsavA~ kAmadeva aura varddhamAna tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM hone vAle daza antaHkRtakevaliyoM meM se pA~cavA~ antaHkRtkevalI mAnA hai| tattvArthavArtika aura dhavalATIkA meM bhI sudarzana ko antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pA~cavA~ antaHkRtkevalI mAnA hai|' hariSeNa ne subhaga gvAle ke dvArA munirAja kI zIta-bAdhA ko agni jalAkara dUra karane kA koI varNana nahIM kiyaa| nayanandi aura sakalakIrti ne usakA ullekha kiyA hai| rAmAyaNa meM rAma, sItA ke viyoga meM zokAkula dikhAI dete haiM, mahAbhArata meM pANDava aura kauravoM kI kalaha evaM mArakATa dikhAI detI hai, kintu sudarzana seTha ke isa carita meM aisA eka bhI doSa nahIM dikhalAI detA, yaha sarvathA nirdoSa carita hai| isa mahAkAvya meM dhIrodAtta nAyaka kI eka aisI kautUhala-janaka kathAvastu kavi ne cunI hai ki vaha isa kAvya ke AdyopAnta par3hane kI utsukatA ko zAnta nahIM karatI, pratyuta uttarottara pratisarga vaha use bar3hAtI hI jAtI hai| prasanna evaM gambhIra vaidarbhI rIti se pravahamAna isa sarasvatI saritA ke pravAha meM sahRdaya pAThakoM ke manarUpI mIna vilAsapUrvaka nivartana karane lagate haiN| anuprAsa, zleSa, upamA, utprekSA aura

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58 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana virodhAbhAsa Adi alaMkAra ise vizeSa rUpa se ujjvala aura vibhUSita karate kAvya-nAyaka sudarzana ke zIlavrata kI mahimA ke kAraNa zUlI bhI siMhAsana meM badala jAtI hai| yaha mahAkAvya rUr3hika paramparAoM se haTakara dArzanika sAhitya vidhA se ota-prota hokara bhakti-saMgIta kI alaukika chaTA prastuta karatA hai| rAga kI Aga meM baiThe huye kAvyanAyaka ko vItarAgatA ke Ananda kA anubhava karAyA hai| yaha kAvya jahA~ sAhityika saundarya ke kAraNa sAhityakAroM ko aura dArzanikatA ke kAraNa dArzanikoM ko apanI buddhi ko parizrama karane kI preraNA detA hai, vahIM para yaha gRhastha evaM sAdhu kI AcAra-saMhitA para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| yaha 9 soM meM vibhakta hai aura isameM kula 542 padya haiN| isameM carita-kAvya ke lakSaNa pAye jAte haiN| kavi kA uddezya kavitva-zakti kA pradarzana na hokara muni-sudarzana ke zreSTha aura niSkaluSa carita kA sarala bhASA meM pratipAdana karanA hai| pUrA grantha zAntarasa kI dhArA meM pravAhita huA hai| bIca-bIca meM manohArI artha-gAmbhIrya ko liye huye subhASitoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai| isakI kathAvastu isa prakAra hai - kathAvastu bhAratavarSa meM aGga nAmaka eka deza prAcIna samaya meM apane atulita vaibhava ke kAraNa loka-vizruta thaa| isI deza kI campApurI nagarI meM DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bha. mahAvIra ke samaya tejasvI, parama pratApI, prajAvatsala dhAtrIvAhana nAmaka rAjA kA zAsana thaa| usakI atyanta rUpavatI kintu kuTila svabhAvavAlI abhayamatI nAma kI rAnI thii| (prathama sarga) campApurI meM vicArazIla, dAnI, nirabhimAnI, sampattizAlI, kalAvAna, nirdoSa evaM vaizyoM meM sarvazreSTha vRSabhadAsa nAmaka eka seTha bhI rahatA thaa| usakI patnI jinamati, sundarI, sukomala, atithi-satkAra- parAyaNA, sadAcAriNI aura mRdubhASiNI thii| eka samaya jinamati ne rAtri ke antima prahAra meM mahApurUSotpatti-sUcaka svapna dekhe| prAtaHkAla usane svapnoM kA abhiprAya jAnane ke liye pati ke pAsa jAkara nivedana kiyA ki Aja prathama svapna meM maineM sumerU parvata, dvitIya

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA meM kalpavRkSa, tRtIya meM sAgara, caturtha meM nirdhUma agni, aura paMcama svapna meM AkAza meM ghUmate huye vimAna ko dekhA hai| seThAnI kI bAta sunakara seTha ne kahA ki tumane jina svapnoM ko dekhA hai unakA abhiprAya koI bhI sAdhAraNa manuSya nahIM jAna sktaa| ataeva unakA ThIka-ThIka abhiprAya jAnane ke liye hama yogirAja ke pAsa cleN| tatpazcAt ve donoM hI jainamandira meM pUjana kara yogirAja ke darzana ke liye gye| munirAja ke pAsa jAkara una donoM ne unheM praNAma kiyaa| seTha ne munirAja se nivedana kiyA ki merI patnI jinamati ne rAtri meM sumerU parvata, kalpavRkSa, sAgara, nidhUma-agni aura AkAzacArI vimAna- ina pA~ca ko svapnoM meM dekhA hai| hama inakA phala jAnane Apake pAsa Aye haiN| kRpayA Apa hameM inakA abhiprAya samajhA diijiye| munirAja bole ki tumhArI patnI dvArA dekhe svapnoM kA tAtparya hai ki vaha yogya putra ko janma degii| svapna meM dekhe gaye sumerU, kalpavRkSa, sAgara, nidhUmaagni aura vimAna se kramazaH tumhAre putra kA dhairya, dAnazIlatA, ratnabahulatA, karmoM kA nAza aura devoM kI priya-pAtratA sUcita hotI hai| munirAja kI vANI sunakara donoM ati prasanna huye aura ghara vApisa aaye| yathAsamaya jinamati ne garbha dhAraNa kiyA, jisase usakA saundarya bhI pratidina bar3hane lgaa| seTha vRSabhadAsa patnI ko garbhavatI jAnakara bahuta prasanna hue aura yatnapUrvaka usakA saMrakSaNa karane lge| (dvitIya sarga). samaya Ane para eka dina zubha muhUrta meM jinamati ne eka sundara putra . ko janma diyaa| putrotpatti kA samAcAra pAkara vRSabhadAsa atyanta harSita hue| unhoMne jinendradeva kI pUjana kara atyadhika dAna diyaa| ghara meM vRddha mahilAoM ne maMgaladIpa prajjvalita kiye| vRSabhadAsa ne prasUti kakSa meM pahu~cakara patnI aura putra para gandhodaka chidd'kaa| jinadarzana ke phalasvarUpa putra-prApti ko svIkAra karake seTha ne putra kA nAma bhI sudarzana rkhaa| : bAlaka apanI manohara ceSTAoM se ghara ke sabhI logoM ko harSita karane lgaa| zaizavAvasthA samApta hone para kumAra sudarzana ko vidyAdhyayana ke liye gurU ke pAsa bhejA gyaa| zIghra hI mA~ zAradA ke anugraha se vaha sabhI vidyAoM meM pAraMgata ho gyaa|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dhIre-dhIre yuvA sudarzana kA saundarya pratidina bar3hane lgaa| eka dina sAgaradatta vaizya kI putrI manoramA aura sudarzana ne jinamandira meM pUjana karate samaya eka dUsare ko dekhaa| tabhI se donoM paraspara prema karane lge| dhIre-dhIre yaha vRttAnta seTha vRSabhadAsa ke kAnoM meM bhI pdd'aa| seTha vRSabhadAsa sudarzana ke viSaya meM cintA kara hI rahe the ki vahA~ manoramA ke pitA seTha sAgaradatta A phuNce| usane vahA~ Ane kA apanA prayojana batAyA ki vaha sudarzana ke sAtha apanI putrI manoramA kA vivAha karanA cAhatA hai| vRSabhadAsa ne harSita mana se vivAha kI svIkRti de dI aura eka dina zubha - belA meM sudarzana aura manoramA kA vivAha bhI ho gyaa| (tRtIya sarga ) 60 eka bAra usa nagara ke upavana meM eka munirAja Aye / campApurI ke nara-nArI unake darzanoM ko gye| seTha vRSabhadAsa bhI saparivAra vahA~ gayA aura munirAja ko praNAma kara unase dharma kA svarUpa pU~chA / munirAja ne AzIrvAda dekara dharma aura adharma kA svarUpa aura bheda samajhAye jise sunakara seTha vRSabhadAsa kA sArA moha samApta ho gayA aura ve saba kucha tyAga kara muni bana gye| munirAja kI vANI aura pitA ke AcaraNa se prabhAvita sudarzana ne bhI munirAja ke samakSa muni banane kI icchA prakaTa kI aura nivedana kiyA ki mere hRdaya meM apanI patnI manoramA ke liye atizaya prIti hai, jo mujhe muni banane meM bAdhaka hai| ataH Apa isase bhI mukta hone kA upAya btaayeN| taba munirAja ne kahA ki he sudarzana ! tuma donoM meM isa atizaya prema kA kAraNa tuma donoM ke pUrvakAlIna saMskAra haiM / pahale janma meM tuma aura manoramA, bhIla bhIlanI the| vaha bhIla agale janma meM kuttA huA / eka jinAlaya meM marane se vahI kuttA eka gvAle ke yahA~ putra rUpa meM janmA | eka bAra usa gvAle ke putra ne eka sarovara meM eka sahasradala kamala tor3A / usI samaya AkAza- - vANI huI ki isa kamala kA upayoga tuma mata karo, tuma ise le jAkara kisI mahAna purUSa ko bheMTa kara do|" yaha sunakara vaha bAlaka kamala bheMTa karane inhIM seTha vRSabhadAsa ke pAsa AyA / kintu inhoMne vaha kamala rAjA ko samarpita karanA cAhA aura ve usa bAlaka ke sAtha rAjA

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61 AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA ke pAsa phuNce| para sampUrNa sandarbha jAnane ke bAda rAjA ne bhI vaha kamala jina bhagavAna kI sevA meM samarpita karanA cAhA aura sabako lekara ve jinamandira phuNce| vahA~ pahu~cakara rAjA ne vaha kamala-puSpa gvAla-bAla ke hAthoM se hI bhagavAna jinendra kI sevA meM samarpita karA diyaa| isa ghaTanA se prabhAvita hokara seTha vRSabhadAsa ne usa gvAla-bAla ko apane ghara kA sevaka banA liyaa| eka dina vaha gopabAlaka jagala meM sUkhI lakar3iyA~ kATakara ghara lauTa rahA thaa| sardI kA samaya thaa| himapAta ho rahA thaa| mArga meM usane eka vRkSa ke nIce samAdhistha sAdhu ke darzana kiye| unakI dazA ko dekhakara usane socA ki nizcaya hI inheM zIta satA rahA hogaa| ataH usane sAmane Aga jalA dI svayaM bhI baiTha gyaa| vaha sArI rAta Aga jalAtA huA vahIM baiThA rhaa| prAtaHkAla hone para sAdhu kI samAdhi bhaMga huii| unhoneM bAlaka ko dekhA aura prasanna hokara 'namo'rhate' maMtra kA upadeza diyA tathA yaha bhI Adeza diyA ki vaha pratyeka kArya ke pUrva isa maMtra kA smaraNa kara liyA kre| bAlaka sAdhu ko praNAma kara ghara lauTa AyA aura unakI AjJAnusAra jIvanayApana karane lgaa| eka dina jaMgala meM bhaisoM ke carAte samaya eka bhaiMsa sarovara meM ghusa gii| use nikAlane ke liye vaha maMtra-smaraNa pUrvaka sarovara meM kuudaa| vahA~ lakar3I kI noka kI coTa se usakI mRtyu ho gaI para usa mahAmaMtra ke prabhAva se vahI bAlaka seTha vRSabhadAsa ke ghara tumhAre rUpa meM utpanna huA hai| vaha bhIlinI bhI marakara bhaiMsa huii| tatpazcAt dhobina bnii| vaha dhobina AryikAoM ke saMsarga se hiMsA evaM sarvaparigraha kA tyAga karake kSullikA bana gii| apane nirmala svabhAva, satyavAditA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa vaha punaH tumhArI patnI huI hai| ataH isa samaya tuma donoM dharmAnukUla AcaraNa karate huye sukhapUrvaka apanA jIvana bitaao|" yaha sunakara sudarzana aura manoramA donoM hI munirAja dvArA batAye gaye niyamoM kA pAlana karate huye sukhapUrvaka jIvana-yApana karane lge| (caturtha sarga) eka dina jinadeva kI pUjana kara lauTate samaya tejasvI sudarzana ko dekhakara kapilA brAhmaNI usa para mohita ho gii| chala se use bulAne ke

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62 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana liye usane apanI dAsI ko sudarzana ke pAsa bhejaa| dAsI ne sudarzana ke pAsa jAkara kahA ki he mahApurUSa ! tuma yahA~ nizcinta ho, lekina tumhArA mitra asvastha ho rahA hai|" dAsI kI bAta sunate hI mitra ko dekhane kI icchA se sudarzana dAsI ke sAtha kapilA brAhmaNI ke ghara usa kakSa meM gayA jahA~ kapilA brAhmaNI leTI thii| sudarzana ke kuzala samAcAra pUMchane para kapilA ne rati ceSTAyukta madhuravANI meM svAgata karate huye usakA hAtha pakar3a liyaa| sudarzana apane purUSa-mitra ke sthAna para eka ratikAmA strI ko dekhakara bahuta ghbraayaa| kintu usane apane ko napuMsaka batAkara kapilA brAhmaNI se pIchA chur3AyA aura zIghratA se ghara lauTa aayaa| (paMcama sarga) eka bAra RturAja vasanta ke Agamana para campApurI ke sabhI nivAsI vana-vihAra hetu eka udyAna ko gye| udyAna meM rAnI abhayamatI bhI phuNcii| usI samaya sudarzana kI patnI manoramA bhI apane putra ko lekara udyAna meM aaii| use dekhakara vahA~ para AI huI kapilA brAhmaNI ne rAnI se usakA paricaya puuNchaa| rAnI se sudarzana ko putravAna jAnakara kapilA ne kahA ki sudarzana to napuMsaka hai, vaha putra usakA kaise ho sakatA hai ? para jaba rAnI ko kapilA kI bAta kA vizvAsa nahIM huA to usane apane sAtha ghaTita pUrNa vRttAnta rAnI ko kaha sunAyA, jise sunakara rAnI ne kahA ki kapilA, sudarzana ne jhUTha kahakara tujhe dhokhA diyA hai| isa para kapilA ne rAnI ko hI cunautI de dI ki vahI sudarzana ko apane vaza meM kara dikhaaye| __kapilA kI cunautI ne rAnI ke mana meM bhI sudarzana ke prati kAmabhAva jAgrata kara diyaa| vaha nirantara sudarzana kI yAda kara dubalI hone lgii| rAnI kI dazA dekhakara dAsI ne isakA kAraNa pUchA to rAnI ne apanI manovyathA kA sahI-sahI kAraNa use batA diyaa| dAsI ne para-purUSa se dUra rahane ke liye rAnI ko bahuta samajhAyA para rAnI ke Upara usakA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM huaa| rAnI ne use DA~Tate hue kahA- "tUM upadeza banda kara aura sudarzana ko yahA~ lAne kA prabandha kr|" rAnI kI aisI haTha-pUrNa bAtoM ko sunakara dAsI ne apanI svAminI kI manobhilASA pUrNa karane meM hI apanA bhalA smjhaa| isa samaya svAminI kI AjJA kA pAlana karanA hI ucita

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA 63 . hai| usane mana meM vicAra kiyA ki sudarzana aSTamI aura caturdazI kI rAtri meM zamazAna meM pratimAyoga meM dhyAnazIla hote haiN| ataH isa avasthA meM unheM pUjA hetu miTTI ke putale ke bahAne ranivAsa meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| (SaSTha sarga) usa dAsI ne mAnavAkAra miTTI kA eka putalA bnvaayaa| rAtri meM use vastra se acchI taraha Dhakakara pITha para lAda kara antaHpura meM praveza karane kA jyoM hI prayatna kiyA, tyoM hI dvArapAla ne use bIca meM hI roka diyaa| taba dAsI ne dvArapAla se nivedana kiyA ki rAnI abhayamatI eka vrata kara rahI haiM, jisameM unheM manuSya ke putale ko pUjanA hai| yaha putalA maiM usI uddezya se bhItara le jA rahI huuN| ataH mujhe jAne do| dvArapAla ne dAsI kI eka na sunI aura andara AtI huI dAsI ko dhakkA dekara jaise hI bAhara kiyA, to pITha para rakhA putalA girakara TUTa gayA to dAsI ne jora-jora se ronA aura dvArapAla ko apazabda kahanA prArambha kara diyaa| dvArapAla ne rAnI ke bhaya ke kAraNa kSamA yAcanA karate hue use andara jAne kI anumati de dii| isaprakAra dvArapAla kI ora se nizcinta hokara caturA dAsI rAjamahala meM pratidina putale lAne lgii| __. eka dina kRSNa pakSa kI catudarzI kI rAtri meM sudarzana zamazAna meM dhyAnAvasthA meM baiThA thaa| dAsI ne vahA~ pahu~cakara pahale to sudarzana ko rAnI ke sahavAsa hetu prerita evaM uttejita kiyA, para jaba sudarzana kI ora se koI pratikriyA nahIM huI, to usane unheM usI dhyAna-dazA meM apanI pITha para lAda kara roja kI bhAMti antaHpura meM le jAkara rAnI ke palaMga para baiThA diyaa| sudarzana ko apane samIpa pAkara rAnI bahuta prasanna huii| usane vacanoM se sudarzana ko uttejita karane kA bahuta prayatna kiyaa| aneka kAmaceSTAyeM kIM; jisase sudarzana kA dhyAna to TUTA para vairAgya bhAvanA aura bhI adhika dRr3ha ho gii| phalasvarUpa unake Upara rAnI kI kAma-ceSTAoM kA kucha bhI * asara nahIM huaa| apanI ceSTAoM ko niSphala dekhakara nirAza rAnI ne dAsI se kahA ki "ise bAhara kara do" | para dAsI ne samajhAyA ki isa prakAra use bAhara

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64 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana le jAne meM bheda khula jAne kA bhaya hai| ataH isake parityAga ke liye 'triyAcarita' kA prayoga karanA ucita hogaa| yaha sunakara rAnI jora-jora se cillAkara kahane lagI ki "dvArapAla daur3o, jaldI Ao, koI duSTa yahA~ ghusa AyA hai aura mujhe satAnA cAhatA hai|" (saptama sarga) sudarzana kI yaha ghaTanA jaba nagaravAsiyoM ke kAnoM meM par3I to, loga taraha-taraha kI bAteM karane lge| kucha loga kahane lage ki yaha to bar3I rahasyamaya ghaTanA hai| zamazAna meM sthita sudarzana antaHpura meM kaise praviSTa huA? kucha ne kahA ki sudarzana aindrajAlika hai tathA kucha ne kahA ki yaha rAjA kA SaDayantra pratIta hotA hai| rAjA dvArA cANDAla ko sudarzana kA vadha karane kA Adeza huA aura use cANDAla ke yahA~ pahu~cA.diyA gyaa| para cANDAla ne jaise hI talavAra kA prahAra kiyA, vaise hI vaha talavAra hAra banakara sudarzana ke gale meM suzobhita hone lgii| yaha vRttAnta jaba rAjA ko jJAta huA, to vaha svayaM hI sudarzana ko mArane ke liye udyata huA lekina jaise hI usane mArane ke liye talavAra lI, vaise hI AkAzavANI huI ki - "yaha apanI strI manoramA se hI parama santuSTa , jitendriya tathA saba prakAra se nirdoSa hai| doSI to tumhAre hI ghara kA hai| ataeva ucita prakAra se doSI kA nirIkSaNa kro|" isa AkAzavANI ko sunate hI rAjA kA sampUrNa moha naSTa ho gyaa| vaha sudarzana kI bhA~ti-bhA~ti se stuti karake unake caraNa pakar3akara usI se rAjya karane kA nivedana karane lgaa| rAjA kI bAta sunakara sudarzana ne kahA- 'rAjan! mere prati jo kucha bhI huA hai, usameM ApakA koI doSa nahIM hai| yaha to saba mere pUrvopArjita karmoM kA phala hai| Apa to mujha aparAdhI ko daNDa hI de rahe the, jo Apake liye ucita thA, kintu maiM kisI ko bhI apanA zatru yA mitra nahIM samajhatA huuN| isa ghaTanA kA mujha para koI prabhAva nahIM par3A hai| mahArAnI aura Apa to mere mAtA-pitA haiN| Apane mere sAtha yathocita vyavahAra kiyA hai| pratyeka purUSa ko cAhiye ki vaha mokSa-prApti hetu dhairya pUrvaka mada-mAtsarya kA parityAga kre| yaha prANI svAnubhUti viSayaka sukha-duHkha kA svayaM utpAdaka hai| anya koI use na to

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA 65 sukha detA hai aura na duHkha / ataeva manuSya ko sukha-duHkha meM eka-sI avasthA dhAraNa karanI caahiye| sukha, AtmA kI anubhUti kA viSaya hai, vaha rAjya prApta karake nahIM mila sktaa| ataH rAjya to Apa svayaM kreN| mujhe to aba kevala mokSa kI cintA karanI hai|" . isa ghaTanA ke anantara sudarzana ne vairAgya lene kA nizcaya kara . liyaa| ghara jAkara yaha nizcaya usane manoramA ko bhI sunaayaa| usane vicArA ki viSNu aura zaMkara ko bhI DigAne vAlI, sajjanatA kA vinAza karane vAlI, pApotpAdaka isa sAMsArika mAyA kA parityAga karanA hI ThIka hai| manoramA ne usakI icchA kA samarthana karate huye svayaM bhI usI mArga kA anuzaraNa karane kI icchA prakaTa kI / manoramA ke vacana sunakara, sudarzana ne jinAlaya meM jAkara prasannatApUrvaka bhagavAna kA bhajana-pUjana aura abhiSeka kiyA aura vahIM para sthita vimalavAhana nAma ke yogIzvara ke darzana kara unhIM se dIkSA lekara digambara muni bana gyaa| manoramA ne bhI sarva parigraha kA parityAga karake AryikA vrata le liye| vAstavikatA sAmane A jAne para rAnI abhayamatI ne AtmahatyA kara lii| marakara vaha pATaliputra meM 'vyantarI devI ho gii| rAnI ke Atma-hatyA kara lene para paNDitA dAsI bhI campApurI se bhAgakara pATilaputra kI prasiddha vezyA devadattA ke pAsa phuNcii| usane vezyA ko sArA hAla sunAkara vezyA se bhI sudarzana ko vicalita karane ke liye khaa| (aSTama sarga) digambara muni ho jAne para sudarzana ghora tapazcaraNa karate huye pATilaputra pahu~ceM / vahA~ ghUmate hue sudarzana ko dekhakara paNDitA dAsI ne devadattA vezyA ko uksaayaa| usa vezyA ne sudarzana ko apane ghara bulavAyA aura aneka prakAra kI kAma-ceSTAoM se use vaza meM karanA caahaa| jaba usakI ceSTAyeM vyartha huI to vaha sudarzana se bolI ki - 'isa alpavaya meM Apane yaha vrata kyoM apanAyA ? paraloka kI cintA to vRddhAvasthA meM kI jA sakatI hai| isa samaya isa sundara zarIra kA Apa anAdara kyoM kara rahe haiM ? yaha sunakara munirAja sudarzana bole - 'yaha zarIra Upara se sundara dikhatA hai, andara to ghRNita padArthoM se bharA huA hai| nazvara zarIra kA sukha

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Atmika sukha nahIM hai| Atmika sukha ke liye zarIra ke vazavartI nahIM rahanA caahiye| tumhArA yaha mArga parvata ke samAna U~cA - nIcA hai| tuma indriya-viSayoM meM sukha mAnatI ho, jaba ki sukha AtmA kA guNa hai| usakA indriya-viSayoM se koI sambandha nahIM hai / 66 aisA virAgayukta uttara pAkara bhI vezyA sudarzana ko zayyA para le gaI aura apane hAva-bhAva tathA madhura vacanoM se use vicalita karane lagI kintu sudarzana ke Upara una uddAma kAma - ceSTAoM kA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| isa prakAra tIna dina taka bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke prayatna karake jaba devadattA apane uddezya meM saphala nahIM huI to vaha Azcarya cakita hokara sudarzana kI prazasti gAne lgii| unakI jitendriyatA, dhIratA, namratA, dRr3hatA aura sadAcAra kI prazaMsA karatI huI vaha bolI- 'mohAndhakAra ke kAraNa. . maiMne Apake prati jo aparAdha kiyA hai, use kSamA kareM aura dharmayukta vacanoM se merA kalyANa kreN| munirAja sudarzana ne use sadAcAra aura dharma kA svarUpa samajhAkara zubhAzIrvAda diyA, jise sunakara devadattA kA to sArA moha naSTa ho gayA aura paNDitA dAsI kA bhI ajJAna dUra ho gyaa| ve donoM hI munirAja sudarzana se dIkSA lekara 'AryikA' bana gii| munirAja sudarzana bhI zamazAna meM jAkara Atma-dhyAna meM lIna ho gye| eka dina devarUpa dhAriNI vyantarI (AtmaghAtinI rAnI abhayamatI) ne sudarzana ko dekha krodha meM Akara unase apazabda kahe aura nirdayatApUrvaka vyavahAra kiyA, kintu ve isa nazvara deha kI cintA na kara ajara amara AtmA ke cintana meM lage rhe| isI avasthA meM unake rahe-sahe rAga-dveSa bhI samApta ho gaye aura ve kevalI ho gaye / pazcAt Ayukarma ke anta meM zeSa karmoM kA nAza kara ve mokSa bhI cale gye| (navama sarga) sudarzanodaya meM zIla kI mahimA 'sudarzanodaya' ke nAyaka 'sudarzana' ke zIla kI mahimA sambandhI prasaMga aneka pUrvavartI kaviyoM dvArA viracita kathAkozoM evaM kAvyoM meM dekhane ko milate haiN| inameM (1) hariSeNAcAryakRta bRhatkathAkoza (2) muni nayanandikRta sudaMsaNacariu (3) rAmacandramumukSakRta puNyAzrava kathAkoza (4) nemIdattAcAryakRta

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA ArAdhanA kathAkoza (5) sakalakIrtikRta sudarzanacarita (6) vidyAnandi viracita sudarzanacarita ullekhanIya haiN| 1. bRhatkathAkoza meM varNita zIla kI mahimA hariSeNAcArya ne bRhatkathAkoza meM zIla kI mahimA vyakta karate hue likhA hai ki rAnI abhayAdevI ne jaba se sudarzana ke rUpa-lAvaNya kI mahimA kapilA brAhmaNI se sunI to sudarzana ko pAne kI prabala icchA usake mana meM bhI jAgrata ho gii| aSTamI ke dina zamazAna meM pratimAyoga meM sthita sudarzana ko usane dAsI dvArA mahala meM uThavA liyaa| rAnI kI duSTaceSTAoM se aprabhAvita sudarzana nizcala hI baiThA rhaa| anta meM rAnI dvArA sudarzana para lagAye gaye Aropa ke pratikAra svarUpa rAjA ne jaba zamazAna meM le jAkara sudarzana kA ziraccheda karane kI ghoSaNA kI, taba talavAra kA prahAra sudarzana ke gale meM puSpamAlA ke rUpa meM badala gyaa| vismita ho sabhI loga zIla kI mahimA ke kAraNa sudarzana kI parikramA karane lge| 2. muninayanandi viracita sudaMsaNAcariyaM meM zIla kI mahimA sudaMsaNacariyaM meM zIla kI mahimA kA ullekha prAyaH bRhatkathAkoza ke anusAra hI hai| antara mAtra itanA hI hai ki rAjA dvArA Adezita bhaTa jaise hI sudarzana para talavAra kA prahAra karate haiM vaise hI vyantara deva Akara sabhI bhaToM ko roka dete haiM aura talavAroM ko puSpamAlAoM meM badala dete haiM tathA zIlaM kI mahimA ke prabhAva se deva AkAza meM puSpavRSTi karate haiN| 3. rAmacandra mumukSukRta puNyAsava bRhatkathAkoza meM zIla - kI mahimA ..... isa kathA koza meM sudaMsaNacariyaM' kI kathA se itanA hI antara hai... ki isameM gvAlA rAta bhara munirAja ke pAsa baiThakara unakI sevA karatA rhaa| zeSa kathA 'sudaMsaNacariyaM ke samAna hI hai| 4. brahmacArI nemidatta viracita 'ArAdhanA kathAkoza' meM zIla kI mahimA ArAdhanA-kathAkoza meM kapila brAhmaNa evaM usakI patnI kapilA kA vRttAnta nahIM hai| pUrvagranthoM meM dvArapAloM ko vaza meM karane ke liye sAta

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana putaloM kA ullekha hai, parantu isameM eka hI putale kA ullekha AyA hai| zeSa kathA 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke samAna hai / " 5. 68 bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti viricita 'zrI sudarzanacarita' meM zIla kI mahimA isameM seTha vRSabhadAsa evaM sAgaradatta dvArA sudarzana evaM manoramA ke vivAha ke liye kI gaI pUrva pratijJA kA varNana nahIM hai| zeSa kathA pUrva-granthoM ke samAna hI hai / ' 6. AcArya jJAnasAgara viracita 'sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya ' meM zIla kI mahimA rAnI abhayamatI dvArA sudarzana para aneka Aropa lagAye jAne para bhI jaba sudarzana kiMcit mAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue taba rAjA kI AjJAnusAra sudarzana ko mArane ke liye cANDAla dvArA kiye gaye talavAra ke prahAra sudarzana ke gale meM hAra rUpa meM pariNata hue dekhakara logoM ko bar3A Azcarya huA / yathA kRtAn prahArAn samudIkSya hArAyitaprakArAMstu vicAradhArA / cANDAlacetasyuditA kiletaH savismaye darzakasaJcaye'taH / / 5 / / - sudarzano. sarga. 8 / sudarzana ko mArane ke liye hAtha meM talavAra lekara rAjA jyoM hI svayaM udyata huA, tabhI usake abhimAna kA nAza karane vAlI AkAzavANI isa prakAra prakaTa huI | svayamiti yAvadupetya mahIzaH mAraNArthamasyAntanayI saH / sambabhUva vacanaM nabhaso'pi nimnarUpatastatsmayalopi || 9 || - sudarzano. sarga. 8 / svadAreSvasti toSavAn / jitendriyo mahAneSa rAjannirIkSyatAmitthaM gRhacchidraM parIkSyatAm / / 10 / / - sudarzano. sarga. 8 /

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA ___AkAzavANI sunakara rAjA kA ajJAnAndhakAra turanta naSTa ho gayA, aura usake hRdaya meM koI apUrva prakAza prakaTa huaa| vaha vicArane lgaa| kavAlIyorAgasamasti yatA''tmano nUnaM ko'pi mahimUrdhyAho mahimA / / sthaayii|| na sa vilApI na mudvApI dRzyavastuni kila kdaapi| samantAttatra vidhizApinyadRzye svAtmanIva hi mA / / samasti.||1|| sudarzano. sarga. 81 jitendriya mahApurUSoM kI saMsAra meM koI apUrva hI mahimA hai, jo ina bAharI dRzya vastuoM para pratikUlatA ke samaya na kabhI vilApa karate haiM aura na anukUlatA ke samaya harSita hote haiN| ve to isa sampatti-vipatti ko adRzya (vidhi) kA zApa samajhakara sarva ora se apane mana kA nigraha kara Atmacintana meM nimagna rahate haiN| ityevaM bahuzaH stutvA nipapAta sa paadyoH| Aga saMzuddhaye rAjA sudarzanamahAtmanaH / / 12 || . ___ sudarzano. sarga. 8 / he sudarzana ! mayA yadutkRtaM kSamyatAmitivimatyupArjitam / hRttu mohatamasA samAvRtaM tvaM hi gaccha kurU rAjyamapyataH / / 13 / / - sudarzano. sarga. 81 isa prakAra bahuta bhakti-pUrvaka sudarzana kI stuti karake vaha rAjA apane aparAdha ko kSamA karAne ke liye mahAtmA sudarzana ke caraNoM meM gira gayA aura kahane lagA ki he sudarzana ! maiMne kubuddhi ke vaza hokara jo tumhAre sAtha aparAdha kiyA hai, use kSamA kro| maiM usa samaya mohAndhakAra se ghirA thaa| Aja se tumhIM rAjya kro| sudarzanodaya meM gRhasthAcAra __mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne apanI racanAoM meM aneka viSayoM kA varNana karane ke sAtha-sAtha gRhasthAcAra kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| gRhastha kA

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sad-AcAra aura vicAra hI gRhasthAcAra hai| ghara meM rahakara bhI gRhastha sadAcaraNa dvArA parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra ke samunnayana meM apanA bar3A yogadAna detA hai| sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya meM gRhasthAcAra ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki "kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM kareM'- isa ArSa-vAkya ko dharma ke viSaya meM pramANa mAnate hue aparAdhI jIvoM kI bhI yathAzakti rakSA karanA cAhiye tathA niraparAdha prANiyoM kI to vizeSa rUpa se rakSA karanA caahiye| yathA - mA hiMsyAtsarvabhUtAnItyArSa dharme pramANayan / sAgaso'yaGgino rakSecchaktyA kinnu nirAgasaH / / 41 || sudarzano. sarga. 4 | sadA uttama satya vacana bole, dUsare se marmacchedaka aura nindAparaka satya vacana bhI na kahe, kisI kI binA dI huI vastu na leve aura apanI unnata ko cAhane vAlA purUSa dUsare kA utkarSa dekhakara mana meM asahanazIlatA (jalana-kur3hana) kA tyAga kre| dUsare kI zayyA kA (arthAt purUSa parastrI ke aura strI para-purUSa ke sevana kA) tyAga kare aura parva ke dinoM meM purUSa apanI strI kA aura strI apane purUSa kA sevana na kre| sadA anAgiSa-bhojI rahe, (mAMsa ko kabhI na khAve) kintu anna-bhojI aura zAkAhArI rahe evaM . vastra se chane hue jala ko piiveN| yathA prazastaM vacanaM brUyAdadata nA''dadIta c| parotkarSAsahiSNutvaM jahyAdvAJchannijonnatim / / 42 / / sudarzano. sarga. 4 | na krametetarattalpaM sadA svIyaJca prvnni| anAmiSAzanIbhUyAdvastrapUtaM pibejjalam / / 43 / / - sudarzano. sarga. 4 / gRhastha madamoha (nazA) utpanna karane vAlI madirA, bhAMga, tambAkU Adi nazIlI vastuoM kA sevana na kreN| vinIta bhAva dhAraNa karake vRddhajanoM kI AjJA sviikaareN| sabhI ke upakAra ke liye gRhasthAcAra sukhadAyaka sAdhAraNa (sAmAnya, sarala) dharma-mArga hai, paramArtha kI icchA se tumheM ise

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA 71 svIkAra karanA cAhiye - namadAcaraNaM kRtvA gRhIyAd vRddhazAsanam / paramapyanugRhIyAdAtmane pakSapAtavAn / / 44|| . sudarzano. sarga. 4 | sarveSAmupakArAya mArgaH sAdhAraNo hyym| yuvAbhyAmurarIkAryaH prmaarthoplipsyaa|| 45 / / sudarzano. sarga. 41 donoM ne munirAja ke mukha se gRhasthAcAra kA varNana sunA aura ' svIkRti sUcaka 'om' kA uccAraNa kara vinamrIbhUta ho unake caraNoM meM namana kiyaa| (46-sudarzano. sarga. 4) isake pazcAt manoramA aura sudarzana Apasa meM eka dUsare ke guNoM meM anurakta-citta rahate hue pratidina arhanta deva kI pUjA-arcanA karake aura pAtroM ko navadhA bhakti pUrvaka dAna dekara uttama puNya ke nidhAna banakara indra indrANI ke samAna Ananda se kAla vyatIta karane lage tathA apane vaibhava aizvarya se rati aura kAmadeva kA, bhI tiraskAra karate huye sAMsArika bhogopabhoga kA anubhava karate hue apanA jIvana bitAne lge| yathA - anyonyAnuguNaikamAnasatayA kRtvA'rhadijyAvidhiM / pAtrANAmupatarpaNaM pratidinaM stpunnysmpnnidhii|| paulImIzatayajJatulyakathanau kAlaM takau ninytuH| prItyambekSudhanurdharau svavibhavasphItyA tirshckrtuH|| 47 || sudarzano. sarga. 41 .: sandarbha - 1. tattvArthavArtika, a. 1 sUtra 20 / dhavalA, pR. 1 pR. 103 | 2. sudarzanodaya prastAvanA, pR. 14 | 3. DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana, mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyayana, pR. 36-44 |

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12 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 4. vahI pRSTha saM. 901 5. rAmacandramumukSuviracita puNyAzrava kathAkoza, 2/17 vI. gaathaa| 6. brahmacArI nemidattaviracita ArAdhanA kathAkoza 1/21 | 7. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtiviracita sudarzanacarita, paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana vyAvara se prApta hastalipi kI pratilipi para aadhaarit|

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA pariccheda-4 bhadrodaya mahAkAvya kI samIkSA - AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara ne bhadrodaya mahAkAvya meM apanA lAghava pradarzita karate hue saba gurU-kRpA kA hI phala batalAyA hai, sAtha hI satya kI mahimA ko astitva aura nAstitva ke vidhi evaM niSegha dvArA bahuta hI sundara zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| isa meM samudradatta dvArA vyApAra kI anumati lete samaya, pitA-mAtA Adi kA vArtAlApa, ratnoM ke haraNa hone ke samaya unmatta samudradatta kI dIna pukAra tathA rAnI kI sabuddhi evaM kuzalatA-sUcaka prayAsAdi sabhI dRzya romAMcakArI rUpa meM pradarzita kiye gaye haiN|' bhadrodaya kI viSaya-vastu ko nau sargoM meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| kathAvastu zrI padmakhaNDa.nAmaka nagara meM sudatta nAma kA eka vaizya rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma sumitrA thaa| una donoM ke saralasvabhAvI bhadramitra nAmaka eka putra huaa| eka dina usake mitroM ne use samajhAyA ki vaizyoM ko vyAvasAyika vRtti vAlA hokara apanI AjIvikA kI cintA svayaM karanI caahiye| ataH jIvana-yApana hetu dhanArjana ke liye hameM ratna-dvIpa jAnA caahiye| (prathama sarga) ucca-zikharoM vAle vijayArddha parvata ke uttara meM alakA nAma kI nagarI meM atyanta yazasvI mahAkaccha nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI dAminI thI aura putrI kA nAma priyaguzrI thaa| jaba vaha yuvatI huI to rAjA ko usake vivAha kI cintA huii| eka jyotiSI ne batAyA ki priyaGguzrI kA vivAha stavakaguccha ke mahAdAnI rAjAdhirAja airAvaNa ke sAtha hogaa| yaha sunakara rAjA ne stavakaguccha nagarI ke rAjA airAvaNa kI parIkSA lI aura putrI ke liye use yogya samajhakara usase apanI kanyA ke

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74 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAtha vivAha karane kA nivedana kiyaa| airAvaNa ne svIkRti dekara priyaMgazrI ko stavakaguccha meM lAne ke liye khaa| alakApurI se stavakaguccha lAte samaya mArga meM priyaGaguzrI se vivAha karane ke icchuka vajrasena nAma ke eka anya purUSa se mahAkaccha kI muThabher3a ho gii| yaha bAta airAvaNa ne sunii| usane zIghratA se Akara vajrasena ko parAjita kara priyaGaguzrI ke sAtha vivAha kara liyaa| vajasena ne nirAza hokara jinadIkSA le lI aura UparI mana se tapasyA karane lgaa| (dvitIya sarga) . mitra kI bAtoM se bhadramitra bahuta prabhAvita huA aura ghara Akara dezAntara jAne ke liye pitA se AjJA maaNgii| pitA ne kahA "merI to svayaM kI itanI adhika Aya hai ki tunheM dhanArjana karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai phira tuma mere ekamAtra putra ho, isaliye tumhArA jAnA mere liye kaSTaprada hogaa"| antatogatvA mAtA-pitA se anumati pAkara bhadramitra sAthiyoM sahita ratnadvIpa phuNcaa| vahA~ usane sAta ratna prApta kiye| isake pazcAt vaha siMhapura gyaa| usa samaya siMhapura meM rAjA siMhasena rAjya karatA thaa| usakI patnI rAmadattA aura maMtrI zrIbhUti thaa| usane apane ko satyavAdI pracArita kara rakhA thaa| usane gale meM churI bA~dha rakhI thI ki yadi kabhI usake mu~ha se asatya bAta nikalI to vaha usI se apanI jIbha kATa legaa| isa jhUThe guNa ke kAraNa hI rAjA se usane 'satyaghoSa' nAma bhI pA liyA thaa| siMhapura meM bhadramitra kA paricaya isI satyaghoSa maMtrI se huaa| usane satyaghoSa ko bahuta-sA puraskAra dekara usase apane mAtA-pitA ko siMhapura meM hI basAne kI AjJA le lii| vaha apane sAtoM ratna satyaghoSa ko sauMpakara mAtA-pitA ko lene calA gyaa| apane ghara se lauTakara bhadramitra ne satyaghoSa se apane ratna maoNge to usane svIkAra hI nahIM kiyA ki bhadramitra use apane ratna sauMpa gayA thaa| jaba bhadramitra ne aneka prakAra se apanI bAta ko pramANita karane kI ceSTA kI to paharedAroM ne pAgala kahakara use bAhara nikAla diyaa| nirAza hokara bhadramitra eka nizcita samaya para vRkSa para car3hakara satyaghoSa kI jhUThI kIrti kI nindA karate hue usakI pratiSThA naSTa

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA 15. hone kA zApa dene lgaa| usake vilApa ko rAnI ne bhI sunA to usane rAjA se kahA ki yaha purUSa satyaghoSa kI nindA karatA hai, usakA kAraNa pAgalapana nahIM, apitu satyaghoSa se sambandhita koI rahasya hai| ataH rahasyodghATana honA caahie|' . rAjA ke jAne ke bAda, anAyAsa hI upasthita huye satyaghoSa ko rAnI ne Adara sahita zataraMja khelane ke liye Amantrita kiyaa| apanI bAtoM meM use bhulAve meM DAlakara rAnI ne usase yajJopavIta, churI aura mudrikA tInoM vastue~ jIta lii| phira dAsI ko tInoM vastue~ sauMpa kara Adeza diyA ki mantrI ke ghara usakI patnI ko ye tInoM vastue~ dekara bhadramitra kI ratnoM kI poTalI le aao| dAsI ne mantrI ke ghara jAkara ve tInoM vastue~ usakI patnI ko sauMpakara bhadramitra kI ratnoM kI poTalI prApta kara lI aura lAkara rAnI ko sauMpa dii| (tRtIya sarga) rAnI ne ve ratna rAjA ko sauMpa kara bhadramitra kI parIkSA ke liye una ratnoM meM aura bhI ratna milA diye| kintu bhadramitra ne ratnasamUha meM se apane sAta ratnoM ko chA~Takara uThA liyaa| rAjA ne bhadramitra kA satyAcaraNa dekhakara use rAjazreSThI banA diyA aura duSTa satyaghoSa ko apadastha kara kaThora daNDa diyaa| rAjaseTha bana jAne ke bAda bhadramitra ne varadharma nAmaka munirAja ke darzana kie| phalasvarUpa vaha apanI sampatti kA atizaya dAna karane lgaa| usake dAnazIla svabhAva se rUSTa hokara usakI mAtA ne prANa tyAga diye| vaha marakara vyAghrI huii| eka dina usa vyAghrI ne bhadramitra ko khA liyaa| usane rAnI rAmadattA aura rAjA siMhasena ke putra ke rUpa meM janma liyA usakA nAma siMhacandra rakhA gyaa| bAda meM siMhacandra kA eka choTA bhAI pUrNa-candra bhI huaa| (caturtha sarga) AryikA rAmadattA ke upadeza se pUrNacandra arhantaM deva kI pUjana karate huye gRhastha-dharma ko pAlane lgaa| aparAdhiyoM ko daNDa dene aura niraparAdhoM ko abhaya dene ke viSaya meM bhI vaha sAvadhAna rahane lgaa| rAmadattA AryikA ne anta meM yoga-samAdhi dvArA apane zarIra ko tyaagaa| phalasvarUpa vaha solaha sAgara kI Ayu vAle bhAskara deva ke rUpa meM svargika sukha bhogane

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lgii| idhara satyaghoSa ne marakara ajagara yoni meM janma liyA / usane kaMcanagiri meM razmivega, zrIdharA aura yazodharA ko khA liyaa| ye tInoM caudaha sAgara kI Ayu prApta karake kApiSTha svarga ke deva huye / vaha ajagara marakara paMkaprabhA naraka meM duHsaha kaSTa bhogane lagA / (paMcama sarga) 76 siMhacandra kA jIva svarga se Akara rAjA aparAjita aura rAnI sundarI kA putra cakrAyudha huaa| jaba vaha yuvaka huA to usakA saMyoga citramAlA pradhAna pA~ca hajAra bAlAoM se huaa| razmivega kA jIva citramAlA ke vajrAyudha nAmaka putra huaa| isa prakAra cakrAyudha kA samaya bIta hI rahA thA ki usake udyAna meM pihitAzrava nAmaka munirAja kA Agamana huA / rAjA aparAjita ne jaba unakA darzana kara apane pUrvajanma kA vRtAnta sunA to unake mana meM bhI vairAgya A gayA / ataH saba kucha tyAga kara ve digambara muni bana gye| aparAjita ke pazcAt cakrAyudha rAjA bnaa| (SaSThama sarga) eka dina bajrAyudha zira meM sapheda bAla dekhakara aura apanI vRddhAvasthA kA anubhava kara saMsAra se virakta ho gayA / zarIra aura bhogoM ko asthira tathA AtmA ke avinAzIpana ko vicAra kara usane apane putra vajrAyudha ko sampUrNa rAjya sauMpa diyA aura muni banane ke liye vana ko prasthAna kiyaa| (saptam sarga) vahA~ aparAjita munirAja ne use jainadharmAnusAra dharmAcaraNa kA upadeza diyaa| unake upadeza se prabhAvita cakrAyudha ne bhI sarvasva tyAgakara munidIkSA le lii| (aSTama sarga) muni hokara pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karate hue vaha AtmadhyAna meM ramane lgaa| nazvara zarIra kI cintA chor3akara upavAsAdi tapoM se rAgadveSa se vibhukta hokara anta meM kevalajJAna pA liyA tathA apane Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ko pApa se sarvathA rahita kara diyA / 2 ( navama sarga) samudradatta carita kI kathA kA uddezya samudradatta carita meM 'sudarzanodaya' ke samAna hI nava sarga haiN| isameM bhadramitra ke janma-janmAntaroM kA varNana hai| isake mAdhyama se kavi ne asteya nAmaka mahAvrata kI zikSA dI hai aura corI evaM asatya bhASaNa ke duSprabhAva se bacane ke liye pAThakoM ko sAvadhAna kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA punarjanmavAda aura karmaphalavAda kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki pAThaka pUrvajanma aura vartamAna janma kA tAlamela biThAte samaya vAstavika kathA bhUla jAtA hai| vaise bhI isa kAvya ko racane kA uddezya kisI rocaka ghaTanA vizeSa ko prastuta karanA nahIM hai kathA to kAvya ke uddezya (asteya kI zikSA) kI sahAyikA ke rUpa meM AI hai| sampUrNa kAvya par3hane para eka hI niSkarSa nikalatA hai- 'satyameva jayate naanRtm'| isake atirikta isa kAvya kI racanA kA dUsarA uddezya hai - kAvya ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ko prastuta krnaa| isa kAvya kA mukhya uddezya 'nAyaka kA vairAgya evaM satya kI vijaya" meM chipA huA hai| anta meM bhadramitra sAMsArika padArthoM kA parityAga karake kevalajJAna prApta kara letA hai| ataH satya kI vijaya hotI hai, yahI kathA kA mukhya uddezya hai| sandarbha - 1. bra. paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI, samudradattacarita, pR. 3 / 2. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyayana, pR. 44-491 3. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyA, pR. 136-137 |

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana .. pariccheda-5 dayodaya campU kI kathAvastu kI prAcInatA | ... mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne dayodaya campU kI kathAvastu kI prAcInatA ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki dayodaya meM jisaprakAra mRgasena dhIvara kI kathA : dI gaI hai, ThIka usI prakAra se hariSeNAcArya racita bRhatkathAkoza meM bhI dI gaI hai! donoM ke kaMthAnakoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA antara nahIM hai| mRgasena dhIvara kI kathA yazastilakacampU meM bhI pAI jAtI hai jisakA racanAkAla zak saM. 881 hai arthAt hariSeNa kathAkoza ke 28 varSa pIche yazastilaka campU racA gayA hai, phira bhI donoM ke kathAnakoM meM jo nAma Adi kI vibhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki donoM ko yaha kathAnaka ! apane-apane rUpa meM hI pUrva paramparA se prApta huA thaa| - mRgasena kI kathA AcArya somadevakRta yazastilakacampU ke sivAya , brahmacArI nemidatta kRta ArAdhanA kathAkoza meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| ArAdhanA kathAkoza ke anta meM kathAnaka kA upasaMhArAtmaka anyagranthe kahakara jo 'paJcakRtvaH kilaikasya' ityAdi zloka diyA hai, vaha yazastilakacaMmpU kA hI hai, jo ki upAsakAdhyayana prakaraNa ke chabbIsaveM : kalpa ke anta meM pAyA jAtA hai| isase siddha hai ki ArAdhanA kathAkoza ke racayitA somadeva se bahuta pIche hue haiN| ataH yaha niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne mRgasena dhIvara kI kathAvastu yazastilaka se lI hai| dayodaya ke mUla kathAnaka kA rUpa to ukta donoM granthoM ke samAna hI hai para dayodaya campU kA kathAnaka saMkSipta hai| isaliye kathAvastu ke kucha aMzoM kI isameM carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| maitreyopaniSad ke tIsare adhyAya ke unnIsaveM sUtra meM bhI likhA hai ki deza kAla kI apekSA na karake maiM digambara sukhI ho rahA huuN|

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79 AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA isIprakAra turIyopaniSad meM kahA hai ki saba kucha ko jala meM visarjana karake digambara ityAdi / ' sanyAsopaniSad meM bhI likhA hai ki saba kucha chor3akara deha mAtra ko dhAraNa karate hue tatkAla ke paidA hue bAlaka sarIkhA digambara nirvikAra ho jAve tathA sanyAsI tatkAla ke paidA huye bAlaka sarIkhA hotA hai| ityAdi rUpa se jagaha-jagaha sAdhu kA svarUpa digambara hI likhA huA milatA hai| kiJca ayi dayite! purANagrantheSu tu bhUriza eva digmbrprshNsaa'sti| nagnarUpo . mahAkAyaH sitamuNDo mhaaprbhH| mArjinIM zikhipatrANAM kakSAyAM sa hi dhaaryn|| . purANa-granthoM meM to digambara kI kaI jagaha prazaMsA AI hai| padmapurANa ke bhUmi-kANDa ke adhyAya paiMsaTha meM likhA hai- 'jo sAdhu nagna rUpa ko dhAraNa kiye huye hai, lambe kada kA hai, sapheda zira vAlA hai, acchA kAnti vAlA hai aura apanI kAMkha meM eka mora paMkhoM kI pIchI liye huye hai| padmAsanaH samAsInaH zyAmamUrti digmbrH| neminAthaH zivo'thaivaM nAma candrasya vAmana !|| . isI prakAra skandhapurANa ke prabhAsa-khaNDa ke chaThe adhyAya meM bhI likhA hai- 'he vAmana! Apa ThIka samajho ki jo padmAsana se baiThe hue hai, kAle zarIra vAle haiM, digambara (vastra rahita) haiM ve neminAtha hI kalyANa rUpa ziva ke rUpa haiM' ityaadi| dayodaya kI kathAvastu kI prAcInatA ko vyakta karate huye Rgveda ke maNDala 2 adhyAya 4 sUkta 30 meM likhA hai ki "he arhan! Apa dharma rUpa vANoM ko, uttama upadeza rUpa dhanuSa ko, ananta jJAnAdi rUpa AbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa karate ho, saMsArI logoM ke rakSaka ho evaM kAma krodhAdi-zatruoM ko bhagAne vAle bhI ho, Apake samAna dUsarA balavAn nahIM hai|" ityAdi / Rgveda ke maNDala 5 adhyAya chaha ke sUkta chiyAsI meM likhA hai ki- "samudra sarIkhe kSobha-rahita zrI arhanta bhagavAna se zikSA pAkara hI deva loga pavitra banate haiN| Rgveda ke maNDala 2 adhyAya 11 sUkta

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80 . vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 3 meM likhA hai- "he agnideva! isa vedI para saba manuSyoM se pahale arhanta kI hI pUjA karo, unake darzana karo, phira unakA AhvAnana karo, pavanadeva aura acyutendra devAdi kI bhA~ti unakI pUjA kro|" isIprakAra bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI ariSTanemi kA varNana atharvaveda meM bhI hai - tyamUSu vAjinaM devajUtaM sahAvAnaM tarUtAraM sthaanaaN| ariSTanemi pRtanajimAzu svastaye tA_mihAhuvem / / ' " svargIya ghor3oM sarIkhe ghor3e jisameM jute hue haiM usa ratha ko calAne vAle ariSTanemi bhagavAn hamArA kalyANa kreN| hama loga unakA isa yajJa meM AhvAnana karate haiN| zrImadabhAgavata ke chaThe adhyAya meM unnIsaveM zloka meM likhA hai ki jo bAra-bAra anubhava meM Ane yogya ina sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM meM abhilASA rahita ho cukA thA aura cirakAla se soI huI buddhi vAle arthAt bhUle huye duniyA~ ke jana-samUha para avarNanIya dayAvRtti dvArA jisane logoM ko kalyANa-mArga meM lagAyA thA, una RSabhadeva ke liye namaskAra hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki RSabhadeva ne hI tapasyA karake paramahaMsa mArga ko pragaTa kiyA hai- "RSabhadeva mahArAja nAbhirAjA ke uttama putra hue haiM, jinhoMne ki sAmyavAda ko apanA kara arthAta zatru, mitra, tRNa, kaJcana , jaMgala aura nagara meM samabuddhi ko rakhate hue uttamottama yogAbhyAsa kiyA thaa| jisa yogAbhyAsa ko RSi loga paramahaMsa avasthA kahate haiM, usa avasthA ko dhAraNa kara ve zrI RSabhadeva svastha, indriya-vijayI aura parigraha-rahita ho gaye the| usI samaya viSNu bhagavAna maharSi logoM ke dvArA prasanna ho jAne se nAbhirAjA kI icchA ko pUrI karane antaHpura meM mahArAnI marUdevI kI kUkha meM digambara maharSiyoM ke dharma ko pragaTa karane kI icchA se U~cI zveta varNa vAlI zarIralatA ko lekara avatarita hue| mahAtmA RSabhadeva jI kI tapasyA ke bala se unakI viSTA meM bhI aisI gandha ho gaI thI jo dasa yojana taka cAroM ora kI vAyu ko sugandhita kara detI thii|

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81 AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA isa prakAra RSabhAvatAra kI bar3hAI mArkaNDeya purANa/ kUrmapurANa/ agnipurANa/ vAyumahApurANa/viSNupurANa/ skandhapurANa/ zivapurANa Adi meM likhI huI hai| jisake anuyAyI jaina loga hote haiM aura unheM hI Adarza mAnakara mahApurUSa paramahaMsa avasthA pA jAte haiN| dayodaya kAvya meM varNita paurANika pramANa usakI prAcInatA ke dyotaka haiN| dayodaya campU kI kathA ujjaina meM eka mRgasena dhIvara rahatA thaa| vaha roja apanA jAla lekara machaliyA~ pakar3ane jAtA thaa| eka dina mArga meM avantI pArzvanAtha ke mandira para usane logoM kI bhIr3a dekhii| kautUhala vaza vaha bhI vahA~ jA phuNcaa| vahA~ usane dekhA ki eka digambara munirAja ahiMsA-dharma kA upedaza de rahe haiM aura aneka loga ahiMsAvrata ko svIkAra kara hiMsA kA tyAga kara rahe haiN| usane bhI socA ki hiMsA karanA pApa hai, para merI to AjIvikA hI hiMsAmaya hai| yadi maiM hiMsA kA tyAga kara dU~ to merI aura mere gharavAloM kI gujara kaise hogI ? mana meM bahuta dera taka isI udher3a-buna meM lagA rahA ki maiM kyA karU~ aura kauna-sA vrata lU~ ? anta meM sAhasa karake usane munirAja ko praNAma kara kahA- ki "bhagavan ! mujha pApI ko bhI koI vrata dekara anugRhIta kreN"| munirAja ne usakI sarva paristhiti kA vicAra kara usase kahA- "yadyapi terI jIvikA hI pApamaya hai, phira bhI tU itanA to tyAga kara hI sakatA hai ki tere jAla meM sabase pahale jo jIva Ave, use nahIM mArakara jIvita hI jala meM chor3a de|" usane ise svIkAra kara liyaa| vrata lekara dhIvara kSiprA nadI para pahuMcA aura jAla ko pAnI meM ddaalaa| pahalI hI bAra meM eka bar3I machalI jAla meM aaii| usane munirAja se grahaNa kiye hue vrata kI yAda karake use pakar3anA ucita na smjhaa| "vahI punaH jAla meM Akara na mArI jAye"- isa vicAra se kapar3e kI eka dhajjI usake gale meM bA~dhakara use pAnI meM chor3a diyaa| isake pazcAt usane cAra bAra aura jAla pAnI meM pheMkA, parantu hara bAra vahI machalI jAla

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana meM AtI rahI aura use cinha-yukta dekhakara hara bAra vaha use chor3atA gyaa| anta meM vaha khAlI hAtha hI ghara lauttaa| pati ko khAlI hAtha AtA dekhakara usakI ghaNTA nAma kI strI ne usa para krodha prakaTa kiyA aura zIghra hI jhopar3I kA dvAra banda kara liyaa| - mRgasena bAhara hI paJca namaskAra mantra kA smaraNa kara eka purAne kATha para so gyaa| rAtri meM eka sarpa ne Akara usake prANa hara liye| prAtaHkAla ghaNTA use marA huA dekhakara atyadhika zokAkula ho gaI aura "jisa pavitra vrata kA pAlana isane kiyA; maiM bhI usI kA pAlana kruuNgii| agale janma meM bhI yahI merA svAmI ho- "aisA nizcaya karake usane mRgasena ke sAtha hI agni meM praveza kara liyaa| vizAlA nagarI meM vizvaMbhara nAmaka rAjA aura bimbaguNA rAnI rahate the| usI nagara meM guNapAla seTha aura dhanazrI seThAnI bhI sAtha rahate the| unakI subandhu nAma kI putrI thii| dhanazrI ke garbha meM mRgasena dhIvara kA jIva aayaa| rAjA vizvaMbhara ne apane mantrI-putra narmadharma ke liye guNapAla se usakI putrI subandhu kI yAcanA kI, kintu narmadharma ke durAcaraNa se bhayabhIta guNapAla ke mana meM subandhu ko dene kA sAhasa nahIM huaa| sarvanAza - rokane hetu guNapAla ne apanI garbhiNI strI ko apane mitra zrIdatta seTha ke ghara ThaharA diyA aura putrI ko lekara cupacApa kauzAmbI nagara meM pahu~ca gyaa| . eka dina zrIdatta ke ghara zivagupta aura gupta nAmaka do munirAja aaye| vahA~ garbhaNI dhanazrI ko dekhakara gupta munirAja ne jyeSTha munirAja se pU~chA- ki "kauna duHkhadAyI putra isake garbha meM hai, jisake kAraNa yaha strI itanI duHkhI dikhAI de rahI hai"? - yaha sunakara zivagupta munirAja ne kahA ki "yaha seThAnI abhI to duHkhI dikhAI de rahI hai, lekina duHkha ke dina bIta jAne para isakA putra jainadharma kA dhurandhara hogaa| rAjazreSThI ke pada ko prApta karake vizvaMbhara rAjA kI kanyA kA pati hogaa| duSTa zrIdatta munirAja ke vacanoM ko sunakara garbhastha bAlaka ko mArane kI icchA karane lgaa|

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AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA dhanazrI ne yathAsamaya putra ko janma diyaa| prasUti ke kaSTa se vaha mUrchita ho gii| zrIdatta ne vRddha striyoM se ghoSaNA karA dI ki "marA huA bAlaka utpanna huA hai" aura sadyojAta zizu ko vadha hetu eka cANDAla ke hA~thoM * sauMpa diyaa| cANDAla ne usa bAlaka ke vyaktitva se prabhAvita hokara use mArane ke badale ekAnta sthAna meM chor3a diyA aura ghara calA gyaa| zrIdatta kA bahinoI seTha indradatta ghUmatA huA usI sthAna para phuNcaa| gvAloM se usa bAlaka kA samAcAra jAnakara niHsantAna hone ke kAraNa bAlaka ko . saharSa uThA liyA aura ghara para apanI strI rAdhA se usakA pAlana karane ko kaha diyA / 83 zrIdatta ne jaba yaha samAcAra sunA to vaha indradatta ke ghara AyA aura kapaTapUrvaka bahina ke sAtha usa bAlaka ko apane ghara le gyaa| bAlaka ko mArane kI icchA se usane use eka cANDAla ko de diyaa| bAlaka kI rUpa- sampadA se dravita hokara cANDAla ne use ghane vRkSoM ke bIca ekAnta - sthAna meM nadI ke kinAre rakha diyA aura ghara calA gayA / sandhyAkAla meM gvAloM ne usa bAlaka ko uThAkara gvAloM ke mukhiyA govinda ko de diyA / putra kI icchA se govinda ne bhI use apanI strI sunandA ko sauMpa diyA / unhoMne usa bAlaka kA nAma dhanakIrti rakhA aura bar3e sneha se usakA pAlana karane lge| dhIre-dhIre bar3hate hue dhanakIrti ko eka dina duSTa zrIdatta ne phira dekha liyaa| usa duSTa ne apane eka patra meM apane putra mahAbala ko sambodhita karate likhA ki isa kula ke nAzaka vyakti ko avazya hI mAra denA / usa patra ko lekara dhanakIrti pitA aura seTha kI anumati se zIghratA se gantavya kI ora cala diyA / ujjayinI meM vaha eka mahAna Amravana meM rAha kI thakAna dUra karane ke liye eka vRkSa ke nIce so gyaa| thor3I dera meM vahAM anaGgasenA vezyA AI aura usane usa yuvaka ko sote dekhA / pUrvajanma ke upakAra ke kAraNa utpanna sneha ke vaza usane pAsa rakhe patra ko par3hakara usake akSaroM para vicAra kiyA tathA apane netra ke kAjala ko salAI meM lagAkara usa patra

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? 84 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana meM likhA' merI bhAryA ! yadi tuma mujhase sneha karatI ho aura putra mahAbala .! yadi tuma mujhe apanA pitA samajhate ho to merI apekSA ke binA hI dhUma-dhAma se merI putrI zrImatI isako vivAha denA / " aisA karake vaha vezyA patra ko pUrvavat rakhakara calI gaI / dhanakIrti sokara uThA aura ghara jAkara usane vaha patra mAtA ko sauMpa diyaa| zIghra hI usakA vivAha zrImatI ke sAtha kara diyA / isa vRttAnta ko sunakara zrIdatta ne vyAkula- mana se lauTa kara nagara ke bAhara caNDikA ke mandira meM eka purUSa ko dhanakIrti ke vadha ke liye niyukta kara diyA / ghara jAkara usane dhanakIrti se kahA ki "mere ghara kI yaha rIti hai ki vivAha ke bAda lar3akA rAtri meM kAtyAyanI ke mandira meM jAtA hai / " tadnusAra dhanakIrti pUjA kI sAmagrI lekara nikalA to nagara ke bAhara sAle mahAbala ne use dekhA aura pU~chA ki isa samaya aMdherA ho jAne para akele kahA~ jA rahe ho ? usane batAyA ki mAtA kI AjJA se durgA - mandira meM jA rahA hU~ / mahAbala ne dhanakIrti ko roka diyA aura svayaM mandira calA gyaa| dhanakIrti to nirbAdha vApisa ghara pahu~ca gayA aura udhara mahAbala yamaloka pahu~ca gayA / putra - zoka meM vihvala zrIdatta ne ekAnta meM apanI patnI se kahA ki yaha dhanakIrti kisa prakAra mArA jAe ? usane kahA ki "Apa cupa hI raheM, ApakA vAMchita kArya maiM karU~gI" / tatpazcAt usane viSa DAlakara laDDU banAye aura apanI putrI zrImatI se kahA ki ujjvala kAnti vAle laDDU apane pati ko denA aura zyAmavarNa vAle laDDU apane pitA ko denA / putrI ko nirdeza dekara vaha snAna ke liye nadI ko calI gii| mAtA kI duzceSTA se anabhijJa zrImatI ne ujjvala kAnti vAlA laDDU apane pitA ko de diyaa| use khAte hI seTha zrIdatta kI mRtyu ho gaI / zrImatI kI mAtA vizAkhA ne ghara Akara jaba svAmI ko jIvita nahIM dekhA, to zokAkula hokara apane pati ke krUra karma kI nindA kI zrImatI ko AzIrvAda diyA aura svayaM bhI viSamaya laDDU khAkara yamaloka calI gaI /

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AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA 85. ___ isa prakAra pA~ca bAra mRtyu se bacakara dhanakIrti sukhapUrvaka rahane lgaa| eka dina zubhamuhUrta meM vizvaMbhara ne apanI putrI dhanakIrti ko byAha dI aura use mahAzreSThI pada para AsIna kara diyaa| dayodaya campU kA vaiziSTya / __ AcArya zrI ne dayodaya meM dhIvara aura dhIvarI ke vrata-grahaNa ke prasaMga meM ahiMsA-dharma kI mahattA batalAI hai, sAtha hI usake pratipAdaka jaina tIrthakaroM kI prAcInatA aura prAmANikatA kA citraNa bhI veda, upaniSad aura bhAgavatpurANa Adi ke anekoM uddharaNa dekara kiyA hai, unase dayodaya kI vizeSatA sahaja hI jJAta ho jAtI hai| isake atirikta bIca-bIca meM aneta nIti-vAkyoM ke sAtha upakathAe~ bhI dI gaI haiM, jinase pratidina vyavahAra meM Ane vAlI kitanI hI mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kI bhI zikSA milatI hai| ahiMsAvrata kI upAdeyatA - ahiMsAvrata kA pAlana prANImAtra ke prati dayA kI zikSA detA hai; -kyoMki pratyeka prANI ko coTa lagane para kaSTa kI anubhUti hotI hai| hiMsA karane vAle ko yaha socanA cAhiye ki maiM jisakI hiMsA kara rahA hU~ use jo kaSTa ho rahA hai, kadAcit koI mujhe mAre to mujhe bhI vaisA hI kaSTa sahanA pdd'egaa| jo manuSya hokarake dharma, artha aura kAma ina tInoM purUSArthoM ko nahIM sAdhatA usakA janma lenA hI vyartha hai, kyoMki artha aura kAma ina donoM purUSArthoM kI jar3a bhI dharma purUSArtha hI hai| yathA - trivarga . - saMsAdhanamantareNa pazorivAyurviphalaM nrsy| tatrApi dharmaH pravaro'sti bhUmau na taM vinA yadbhavato'rthakAmau / / 14 / / - dayo. ca. dvitIya lamba mRgasena dhIvara kI patnI ghaNTA apane pati se ahiMsA ke viSaya meM pU~chatI hai, he bhagavan! khetI karane meM to aura bhI jyAdA hiMsA hotI hai| jamIna ko jotane meM, usameM khAda DAlane meM, pAnI sIcane meM, phasala ko

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kaoNTane aura bone Adi meM to paga-paga para hiMsA hai| hA~, kRSaka kI yaha bhAvanA rahatI hai ki merI khetI meM khUba dhAnya paidA ho jisase ki dhAnya khUba sastA ho aura saba jIva sukhI rheN| basa, usakI yaha bhAvanA hI use pApa se bacAtI hai / yathA karSaNe khAtasampAta karaNe siJcane punaH / - lavane vapane cAsti prANihiMsA pade pade / / 2011 dhAnyamastu yato vizva - samitiH syAditIyatI / kRSakasya pratIti-rhi sambhavedbhadradezikA / / 21 / / dayo. ca. dvitIya lamba / mRgasena ne pratyuttara meM kahA ki ThIka hai, khetI karane meM bhI hiMsA hotI hai, kintu kisAna hiMsA karatA nahIM hai, usake kAma meM hiMsA hotI hai / jisa prakAra kisI kAma-dhandhe meM usakA svAmI bhI kAma karatA hai aura naukara bhI, parantu naphA-nukasAna kA bhAgI to svAmI hI hotA hai| yathA 86 - - yadyapi - - yathodyamaM yathodyamaM tadupAyakaraNe / vyApriyate'nucareNa lAbhAlAbhakathAstu ca bhartuH zirasi sampatet phalaM hi kartuH / / 22 / / dayo. ca. dvitIya lamba / - mRgasena kI bAta sunakara ghaNTA bolI - "sAdhu ke kahane meM to hama logoM ko bhUkha ke mAre tar3apa-tar3apa kara hI mara jAnA caahie| aisA dharma hama logoM ko to acchA nahIM lagatA / " - isa prakAra tAr3anA dekara mRgasena ko bAhara nikAla diyA / mRgasena apane mana meM vicArane lagA / "jisa zarIra kA lAlana-pAlana kara moTA tAjA banAye rakhane ke liye maiMne nirantara mana lagAkara aneka bure karma kiye, vaha yaha zarIra bhI to eka na eka dina kAla ke dvArA naSTa kiye jAne vAlA hai| yaha pApI peTa zAka - piNDa ke dvArA bhI bharA jA sakatA hai, to phira isake liye jo svayaM vicAravAna hai aura jo

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AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA marane ke nAma ko sunakara kA~pane laga jAtA hai, vaha anya prANiyoM kA saMhAra karane ke liye kaise pravRtta ho sakatA hai ? yathA 87 samasti zAkairapi yasya pUrtirdagdhodarArthe kathamastu jUrtiH / prANipraNAzAya vicArakartuH pravepamAnasya ca nAma martum / / 27 / / dayo. ca. dvitIya lamba yadi mere prANa bhI jAte hoM to cale jAveM, koI hAni nahIM hai; kyoMki janma maraNa karane vAlA saMsArI prANI yoM hI janmatA aura maratA rahatA hai, bAra-bAra zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai kintu yaha sajjana - ziromaNi gurU mahArAja kA diyA huA vrata yadi chor3a diyA jAtA hai, to isa janma meM kalaMka kA aura uttara janma meM pApa kA kAraNa hotA hai / / yayuryadA yAnti mamAsavo nanu januSmatA sandhriyate muhustanuH / sudurlabhaM sanmanudezitaM vrataM kalaMkapaMkAya kilopasaMhRtam / / 29 / / - dayo. ca. dvitIya lamba isa prakAra jisake mana meM vicAra utpanna hote jA rahe haiM, jisase mana zAnta hotA jA rahA hai, jo bAra-bAra sAdhu mahArAja kI bAta yAda kara rahA hai aura saMsAra - dazA kA vicAra karane meM lagA hone se Aja taka bhogoM meM vitAye samaya ke vicAra ko lekara jise glAni utpanna ho rahI hai, aisA vaha mRgasena dhIvara dhIre-dhIre jAkara kisI eka sUnI dharmazAlA meM pahu~cA / prAtaH kAla se sAyaMkAla taka athaka parizrama karane se thaka to cukA hI thA, isaliye vahA~ para ekAnta pAkara vizrAma karane ke liye apanI donoM TAMgeM phailAkara eka DaMDe kI taraha sIdhA leTa gayA / itane meM khAI ke samAna viSa se bharA eka bhayaMkara sA~pa bila meM se nikalakara use kATa gayA, jisase vaha mara gayA / sahasA use marA huA dekhakara aura apanI galatI ko yAda kara karake ghaNTA sira kUTa-kUTa kara rone lgii| thor3I dera bAda vaha vicArane lagI "jo ho gayA so ho gayA, gaI bAta ko yAda karane se kyA lAbha

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sA~pa kI lakIra pITane se kyA lAbha hai ? kucha nhiiN| hA~, vaha mere Ananda rUpI tAlAba kA haMsa vratapUrvaka marA, yaha bhI acchA huaa| gataM na zocAmi kRtaM na manye kiM tADanenAhipadaprajanye / taduttamaM yavratapUrvakaM sa yayau mamAnandataTAkahaMsaH / / 33 / / - dayo. ca. dvitIya lmb| mujhe bhI vahI vrata le lenA caahiye| isa thor3e se dina meM jIvana ke liye itara prANiyoM kA saMhAra karanA ThIka nahIM hai| isa prakAra usane apane mana meM vicAra kiyaa| usI samaya vahI sA~pa jisane ki mRgasena ko DasA thA, Akara use bhI Dasa gayA aura vaha mara kara ahiMsAvrata kI upAdeyatA ke kAraNa guNapAla nAma ke seTha kI seThAnI guNazrI kI kUkha se viSA nAma kI lar3akI huii| AcAryazrI ne na kevala jainadharmAvalaMbiyoM ke hI hitArtha apitu mAnavamAtra ke kalyANa ke liye aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kii| unhoMne mRgasena dhIvara kA kalyANa karane ke liye ahiMsAMNuvrata kI puSTi rUpa bhAvAtmaka dayodaya kAvya kI, satya aura acaurya kI puSTi ke liye bhadrodaya kAvya kI, brahmacarya kI rakSA ke liye 'vIrodaya' kAvya kI aura parigraha-parimANa vrata kI rakSA ke liye 'jayodaya mahAkAvya' kI racanA kii| sarAgI evaM vItarAgI vyakti kI racanA meM antarbheda hotA hai| vItarAgI kI racanA hameM isa loka sambandhI nItiyoM kA sadupadeza dene ke sAtha hI sAtha paraloka meM bhI abhyudaya prApta karane ke mArga ko teja aura vajanadAra zabdoM ke dvArA hRdaya-tala para sadA ke liye sthApita kara detI hai| prAyaH sabhI jainacAryoM kI kathanI meM pUrva-bhava kA satya varNana hotA hI hai aura yaha Astikya bhAvanA kA dyotaka bhI hai- aise varNana bhI bhadrodaya grantha meM atyanta sarala evaM rocaka rUpa se varNita kiye gaye haiN| bhadrodaya mahAkAvya khAMDa kI roTI ke samAna madhura evaM rasa pUrNa hai| saMskRta ke sahRdaya mahAnubhAvoM ke liye to yaha alaMkAra pUrNa rasAsvAdadAyI hai hI

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89 AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara aura unake mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA kintu hindI ke jAnane vAle bhI jisa dRSTikoNa se isa grantha kA AsvAdana kareMge, unheM usa dhArA meM anupama Ananda kI prApti hogii| ahiMsAvrata kI upAdeyatA ke viSaya meM kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM likhA hai ki jo zrAvaka trasa jIva, doindriya, tendriya, cauindriya, paMcendriya kA ghAta mana, vacana, kAya se svayaM nahIM kare, dUsare se nahIM karAve aura anya ko karate huye acchA nahIM mAne usake ahiMsANuvrata hotA hai| mUlAcAra grantha meM vaTTakerAcArya ne ahiMsAvrata ke sambandha meM nimna udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai ki - kAyeMdiyaguNamaggaNakulAujoNIsu svvjiivaannN| NAUNa ya thANAdisu hiMsAdi vivjjvnnmhiNsaa|| -mUlA. gA. 51 arthAt kAya, indriya, guNasthAna, mArgaNA, kula, Ayu aura yoni inameM sabhI jIvoM ko jAna karake kAryotsarga Adi meM hiMsA Adi kA tyAga karanA ahiMsAmahAvrata hai| sUktiyA~ - dharme'thAtmavikAse naikasyaivAsti niyatamadhikAraH, yo'nuSThAtuM yatate sambhAlyatamastu sa udaarH|| - (vIro. sarga 17 zloka 40) dharma dhAraNa karane meM yA Atma vikAsa karane meM kisI eka vyakti yA jAti kA adhikAra nahIM hai| jo koI dharma ke anuSThAna ke liye prayatna karatA hai| vaha udAra manuSya saMsAra meM sabakA AdaraNIya bana jAtA hai| upadruto'pyeSatarU rasAlaM phalaM zraNatyaMgabhRte trikAlam - (vIro sarga 1 zloka 12) logoM dvArA patthara mArakara upadrava ko prApta kiyA gayA bhI vRkSa bhI unheM sadA sarasa phala pradAna karatA hai| sandarbha - 1. maitreyopaniSadastRtIyAdhyAyasya kArikA - 19 /

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2. padmapurANa bhUmikANDa, adhyAya 651 3. atharvaNa kANDa 7. adhyAya 8, sUkta 85 | 4. AcArya jJAnasAgara viracita dayodaya campU prastAvanA / 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, zlo. 331-321 pR. 1501

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- adhyAya - 3 vIrodaya kA svarUpa ___pariccheda -1 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA pratipAdya viSaya AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne 'vIrodaya mahAkAvya' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra jaise sarvazreSTha mahApurUSa ko apanI kathA kA nAyaka cunA hai jinakA carita uttarottara camatkArI hai| kavi ne yathAsthAna sarva RtuoM kA varNana kiyA hai tathA karUNa, zrRMgAra aura zAntarasoM kA pramukhatA se pratipAdana kiyA hai| vastutaH ye tIna rasa hI navarasoM meM zreSTha mAne gaye haiN| daza sargoM se adhika sarga vAle kAvya ko "mahAkAvya" kahA gayA hai| mahAkAvya ke liye Avazyaka hai ki pratyeka sarga ke anta meM kucha padya vibhinna chandoM ke hoM aura yathAsthAna deza, nagara, grAma, udyAna, bAjAra, rAjA, rAnI kSetrAdika kA lalita padyoM meM varNana kiyA gayA ho| isa pariprekSya meM 'vIrodaya eka mahAkAvya siddha hotA hai|' - 'vIrodaya mahAkAvya' ne zleSa, upamA, utprekSA vakrokti, rUpaka, dRSTAnta, Adi aneka alaMkAroM ke dvArA apane ko alaMkRta kiyA hai| isa racanA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para yaha sahaja meM hI jJAta ho jAtA hai ki isa para dharmazarmAbhyudaya, candraprabhacarita, munisuvrata-kAvya aura naiSadha-kAvya Adi kA prabhAva hai, phira bhI vIrodaya meM apanI maulikatA bhI hai| vAstava meM vIrodaya eka mahAkAvya to hai hI, para isake bhItara jainaitihAsa aura purAtatva ke bhI darzana hote haiN| ataH ise itihAsa aura purANa bhI kaha sakate haiN| saMkSepa meM kahA jAye to isa eka kAvya ke par3hane para hI bha. mahAvIra ke carita ke sAtha hI jainadharma aura jainadarzana kA bhI paricaya prApta hogA aura kAvya-sudhA kA pAna to sahaja meM hogA hii| yathA -

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92 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAraM kRtISTaM surasArtharamyaM vipllvaabhaavtyaa'bhigmym| samullasatkalpalataikatantu triviSTapaM kaavymupaimyhntu|| 23 / / - vIro. srg.1| isaliye kavi ne 'triviSTapaM kAvyamupaimyahaMtu' kahakara sAkSAt svarga mAnA hai| vIrodaya mahAkAvya 22 sargoM meM nibaddha hai| usakI saMkSipta kathAvastu isaprakAra hai - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva sthiti - ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva sAre bhArata kI sAmAjika sthita . atyadhika dayanIya thii| cAroM ora hiMsA asatya, zoSaNa, dambha, aura anAcAra kA sAmrAjya thaa| brAmhaNa - saMskRti ke bar3hate huye varcasva meM zramaNa-saMskRti dabI jA rahI thii| dharma kA sthAna yAjJika kriyAkAMDoM ne le liyA thaa| yajJoM meM ghRta, madhu, Adi ke sAtha pazu bhI home jAte the aura DaMke kI coTa para yaha ghoSaNA kI jAtI thI ki bhagavAna ne yajJa ke liye hI pazuoM kI racanA kI hai| dharma kA sthAna adharma ne le liyA thaa| mAnavatA karAha rahI thii| isa prakAra kI dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM Arthika viSama paristhitiyoM ke samaya bha. mahAvIra ne janma liyaa|' janma sthAna kuNDanapura ____ loka-vizruta bhArata varSa ke 6 khaMDoM meM Arya - khaMDa sarvottama haiN| isI Arya-khaMDa meM svargopama eka videha deza hai| isa deza ke sarvazreSTha nagara kA nAma kuNDanapura hai, jo pahale atyanta vaibhavazAlI thaa| vIrodaya meM ullekha hai - samastibhogIndranivAsa eSa vapracchalAttatparito'pi zeSaH / samAsthito'to parikhAmiSeNa nirbhIka evAnu bRhdvissenn|| 24 / / ___-vIro. sarga. 21 nAkaM puraM sampravadAmyahaM tatsurakSaNA yatra janAH vsntH| surItisambuddhimitAstu rAmA rAjA sunaashiir-puniit-dhaamaa|| 22 / / -vIro. sarga. 2 /

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa vaha kuNDanapura bhogIndra arthAt bhoga sampanna janoM ke (zeSanAgake) nivAsa jaisA zobhita hotA hai, kyoMki koTa ke chala se cAroM ora svayaM zeSanAga samupasthita haiM, parikhA ke bahAne koTa ke cAroM ora bar3he huye jalarUpI zeSanAga ke dvArA chor3I gaI kAMculI hI avasthita hai| vahA~ ke sabhI loga sulakSaNa devoM ke sadRza haiN| striyA~ bhI deviyoM ke samAna sundara ceSTA vAlI haiM aura rAjA to sunAzIra-punIta-dhAma hai, arthAt uttama purUSa hokara sUrya jaisA pavitra teja vAlA hai, jaisA ki svarga meM indra hotA hai| ataH vaha nagara svarga ke samAna hai| bha. mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA __usa kuNDanapura nagara meM rAjA siddhArtha zAsana karate the| unhoMne apane bala se aneka rAjAoM ko apane adhIna kara liyA thaa| ye sabhI adhInastha rAjA apanI mukuTa-maNiyoM kI prabhA se unake caraNa-kamaloM ko suzobhita karate the| vaha saundarya, dhairya, svAsthya, gAmbhIrya, udAratA, prajAvatsalatA, vidyA Adi kA nidhAna thaa| use cAroM purUSArthoM kA jJAna thaa| parama kIrtimAn, parama vaibhavazAlI, usa rAjA kA sampUrNa dhyAna rAjya kI samunnati para kendrita thaa| rAjA siddhArtha kI patnI priyakAriNI thii| vaha rAjamahiSI anupama sundarI, parama anurAgamayI aura patimArgAnugAminI thii| dayA aura kSamA se paripUrNa hRdayavAlI, zAntasvabhAvA, lajjazIlA, paramadAnazIlA aura manovinodapriyA thii| parama sampattizAlitA, maMjubhASitA, samadarzitA, komalatA Adi sabhI guNa usake saMga se zobhA pAte the| rAjya ke liye kalyANakAriNI, dUradarzinI, usa lokAbhirAmA ne apane apratima guNoM se rAjA siddhArtha ke hRdaya meM acala sthAna pA liyA thaa| donoM paraspara atyadhika prema karate the| unakA samaya sAnanda bIta rahA thaa| mAtA priyakAriNI ke solaha svapna - grISmakAla ke pazcAt jaba pAvasa-Rtu kA AnandadAyaka

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___ vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Agamana huA, taba ASAr3ha mAsa kI SaSThI tithi ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne rAnI priyakAriNI ke garbha meM praveza kiyaa| varSA-Rtu ke sukhada vAtAvaraNa meM eka dina rAtri ke antima prahara meM, rAnI ne solaha svapna dekhe| stutiyoM se tatkAla usakI nIMda TUTa gii| prAtaHkAlIna kRtyoM se nivRtta hokara, saheliyoM ke sAtha vaha apane pati rAjA siddhArtha ke pAsa gii| aura sohala svapnoM kA vRttAnta rAjA ko sunaayaa| svapnoM kA phala 'rAjA siddhArtha ne svapnoM kA phala batalAte hae kahA- "he kamalanayane ! sarva svapnoM kA sAra yaha hai ki tumhArA yaha hone vAlA putra saMsAra meM gajarAja ke samAna samunnata, mahAtmA, dhavala, dhurandhara (vRSabha) ke samAna dharma-dhurA kA dhAraka, siMha ke samAna svatantra-vRtti, ramA (lakSmI) ke samAna nirantara akhaNDa utsavoM se maNDita, mAlAdvika ke samAna sumanoM (puSpoM aura sajjanoM) kA sthala, candra ke samAna hama sabakI prasAdabhUmi, sUrya ke samAna saMsAra meM mokSamArga kA pradarzaka, kalaza-yugala ke samAna jagata meM maMgalakAraka, mIna-yugala ke samAna vinoda-pUrNa, samudra ke samAna loka evaM dharma kI maryAdA kA paripAlaka, sarovara ke samAna : saMsAra-tApa-santapta zarIradhAriyoM ke klama (thakAna) kA chedaka, siMhAsana ke samAna gauravakArI, vimAna ke samAna deva-samUha se saMstuta, nAgaloka ke samAna sugIta tIrtha, ratnarAzi ke samAna guNoM se saMyukta aura agni ke samAna karmarUpa IMdhana kA dAhaka evaM pavitratA kA dhAraka hogaa| deviyoM dvArA mAtA kI sevA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbhAvataraNa ke pazcAta zrI, hI Adi deviyA~ vahA~ aaiiN| rAjA ke pUchane para deviyoM ne batAyA ki mahArAnI priyakAriNI ke garbha meM tIrthaMkara jinendra bhagavAna kA avatAra ho rahA hai| isaliye indra ke Adeza se tIrthakara kI mAtA kI sevA karane ve vahA~ AI haiN| ataeva unheM isa puNya kArya kI anumati mile| rAjA se AjJA pAkara ve sabhI deviyA~

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa kaMcukI ke sAtha mAtA ke samIpa jAkara unakI vandanA kara unakI sevA meM tatparatA se juTa gii| rAnI ko nahalAne meM, unakA alaMkaraNa karane meM, saMgIta dvArA manoraMjana karane meM, ve deviyA~ jarA bhI pramAda nahIM karatI thiiN| deviyoM ke Agraha para rAnI priyakAriNI, unake bhagavadviSayaka praznoM kA uttara dekara unheM santuSTa karatI thiiN| ve deviyA~ unako yathAsamaya susvAdu bhojana karAtI thiiN| bhramaNa ke liye samIpavartI udyAnoM meM le jAtI thiiN| tatpazcAt puSpasajjita zayyA para liTAkara unake caraNa dabAkara, paMkhA jhalakara sulA detI thiiN| isa prakAra ve deviyA~ mAtA ke sAtha hI garbhastha jinendradeva kI bhI sevA-arcanA karane lgiiN| yathAtatrArhato'rcAsamaye'rcanAya, yogyAni vastUni tadA prdaay| tayA samaM tA jagadekasevyamAbhejurUtsAhayutAH sudevyaH / / 16 / / -viiro.srg.5| kuNDanapura meM tIrthakara mahAvIra kA janma . dhIre-dhIre rAnI priyakAriNI meM garbhavRddhi ke lakSaNa dekhakara rAjA siddhArtha ati prasanna hue| isI bIca RturAja vasanta kA zubhAgamana huaa| / cAroM ora ullAsa kA sAmrAjya phaila gyaa| usI manohara belA meM, caitra-mAsa ke zuklapakSa kI trayodazI ko rAnI priyakAriNI ne zubhalakSaNopeta / putra ko janma diyaa| putra janma se rAnI atyadhika harSita huii| yathA saurabhAvagatistasya padmasyeva vapuSyabhUt / yA'sau samastalokAnAM netrAlipratikarSikA / / 41 / / -viiro.srg.6| devatAoM dvArA janmotsava .. priyakAriNI ke garbha se jaba bhagavAna ne janma liyA, taba sabhI dizAoM meM Ananda chA gyaa| indra kA siMhAsana dolAyamAna ho utthaa| indra ne dUra se hI unheM praNAma kiyA aura sabhI surAsuroM sahita kuNDanapura Akara nagara kI tIna bAra pradakSiNA kii| indrANI ne prasUtigRha meM praveza kara mAyA-nirmita zizu ko mAtA ke pArzva meM sulA diyA aura jina bhagavAna ko

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lAkara indra ko sauMpa diyaa| bhagavAna ko dekhakara indra ne unheM praNAma kiyA aura airAvata hAthI para baiThAkara jaina- mandiroM se yukta sumerU parvata para gyaa| vahA~ devagaNoM ne kSIra sAgara ke jala se bhagavAna kA abhiSeka kiyA / abhiSeka ke bAda indrANI ne bhagavAna ke zarIra ko poMchakara sundara AbhUSaNoM se sjaayaa| isaprakAra bhagavAna kA janma - mahotsava manAkara devagaNa kuNDanapura lautte| zizu ko mAtA kI goda meM sulAkara nAcate gAte sabhI apane-apane nivAsa sthAna ko cale ge| rAjA siddhArtha dvArA putra janmotsava rAjA siddhArtha ne bhI apane putra kA janma - mahotsava bar3I dhUma-dhAma se sampanna kiyA / putra ke zarIra kI bar3hatI huI kAnti ko dRSTi meM rakhakara rAjA ne usakA nAma zrI vardhamAna rkhaa| bAlaka vardhamAna apanI sundara - sundara bAlocita ceSTAoM se jana-samudAya ko harSita karane lagA / bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA vivAha prastAva kA bahiSkAra 96 - i dhIre-dhIre bAlaka yuvAvasthA kI ora agrasara huA / putra ko yuvAvasthA meM dekhakara pitA siddhArtha ne unake liye vivAha-yogya kanyA dekhane kA nizcaya kiyA, kintu vardhamAna ne pitA ke isa prastAva kA anumodana nahIM kiyaa| pitA ke bAra-bAra Agraha karane para vardhamAna ne namratA - pUrvaka unheM samajhAyA aura unase brahmacaryavrata kI apanI balabavatI icchA prakaTa kI / putra kI brahmacaryavrata ke prati aisI niSThA dekhakara pitA ne harSita hokara unake zira kA sparza karake yatheccha jIvanayApana karane kI anumati de dii| vivAha - prastAva ko ThukarAne ke pazcAt vardhamAna kA dhyAna saMsAra kI zocanIya dazA kI ora gyaa| hiMsA, svArthalipsA, adharma, vyabhicAra, durjanatA ityAdi burAIyoM se lipta saMsAra kI rakSA karane kA unhoMne nizcaya kiyA / Aja kA yaha mAnava svayaM khIra khAne kI icchA karate hue bhI dUsaroM ko canA khAne ke liye udyata dekhakara udara - pIr3A se pIr3ita huA dikhAI de rahA hai| duHkha hai ki Aja dharAtala para yaha nAmamAtra se - manuSya banA huA hai / devatAsthalI (mandiroM kI pAvana bhUmi ) pazuoM kI bali

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa ko dhAraNa kara zmasAnapane ko prApta ho rahI hai| una mandiroM kI dehalI nirantara atula rakta se raJjita hokara yamasthalI - sI pratIta ho rahI hai| isaprakAra saMsAra - dazA ke bAre meM socakara jagat kA kalyANa karane ke lie unhoMne vivAha - prastAva kA bahiskAra kara diyA / yathA aho pazUnAM dhiyate yato baliH zmasAnatAmaJcati devatAsthalI / yamasthalI vA'tularaktaraJjitA vibhAti yasyAH satataM hi dehalI / / 13 / / vIro.sarga.9 - 97 - saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA jJAna jo per3a-paudhe vasanta Rtu ke Agamana se hare-bhare ho jAte haiM, grISma Rtu ke Agamana se ve murajhA bhI jAte haiM- prakRti ke isa vyApAra ko dekhakara vardhamAna ko saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA jJAna huaa| unake hRdaya meM vairAgya bhAvanA jaagii| sabhI devoM ne unakI icchA kA anumodana kiyaa| taba zIghra hI vana jAkara, vastrAbhUSaNa tyAgakara, kezoM ko ukhAr3a kara, mArgazIrSa mAsa ke kRSNapakSa kI dazamI tithi ko daigambarI dIkSA lekara mauna dhAraNa kara liyaa| tatpazcAt unheM mana:paryaya jJAna huaa| unhoMne anya dharmAnuyAyiyoM se alaga apanA svatantra mArga cunA / apanA 'vIra' nAma sArthaka karane ke liye tapazcaraNa ke samaya bar3I-bar3I vipatiyoM kA sAmanA kara una saba para vijaya prApta kI / bha. mahAvIra ke pUrva-bhava eka dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dhyAna meM apane sampUrNa pUrva-bhava jAna liye| pahale ve purUravA nAma ke bhIla the| tatpazcAt Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ke pautra mArIci ke rUpa meM unhoMne janma liyA / mArIci hI svarga kA deva hokara brAhmaNa-yoni meM janmA / phira vaha aneka kuyoniyoM meM janma letA huA eka bAra zANDilya brAhmaNa aura usakI pArAzarikA nAma kI strI kA sthAvara nAmaka putra huA / pravrajyA ke phalasvarUpa vaha mAhendra svarga meM deva huaa| isakA ullekha vIrodaya meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai| --

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98 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhUtvA parivrAT sa gato mahendra- svargaM tato rAjagRhe'pakendraH / jainyA bhavAmi sma ca vizvabhUtestuk vizvanandI jagatItyUpate / / 11 / / vIro.sarga.11 / tatpazcAt rAjagRha nagara meM vizvabhUti aura usakI jainI nAmaka strI kA vizvanandI nAmaka putra huaa| tapasyA karake vaha mahAzukra svarga meM gyaa| tatpazcAt vaha vizvanandI kA jIva podanapura ke rAjA prajApati aura rAnI mRgAvatI kA tripRSTha nAma kA putra huaa| isake bAda vizvanandI ko raurava naraka meM jAnA pdd'aa| bAda meM use siMha kI yoni prApta huI / yaha siMha mara kara naraka gyaa| phira siMha rUpa meM janmA / usa hiMsaka siMha ko kisI munirAja ne usake pUrvajanmoM kA vRttAnta batalA diyaa| siMha - yoni ke pazcAt vaha amRtabhojI deva huA / isa deva ne kanakapura meM rAjA kanaka ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| vaha munivratoM kA pAlana kara lAntava svarga meM pahu~cA / phira isa deva ne sAketa nagarI meM rAjA vajraSeNa aura zIlavatI rAnI ke putra ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyA / C anta meM tapasyA karake mahAzukra svarga ko gayA / punaH puSkala deza kI puNDarIkiNIpurI ke rAjA sumitra aura rAnI suvratA kA priyamitra nAmaka rAjakumAra huaa| tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa vaha sahasrAra svarga meM janmA / punaH puSkala deza kI chatrapurI nagarI ke rAjA abhinandana aura rAnI vIramatI kA nanda nAmaka putra huA / isI janma meM daigambarI dIkSA lekara acyu svarga kA indra bnaa| usI indra ne aba isa kuNDanapurI meM rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI priyakAriNI ke vardhamAna ke rUpa meM janma liyA hai| inhoMne pUrva janmoM ke vRttAnta ko apane kiye pApa kA phala btaayaa| kuTumba se asahayoga evaM . krodha, matsara Adi ke tyAga para bala diyA aura satya kA pAlana karane ke liye kahA / kevalajJAna kI prApti Atma-tattva kA cintana karate hue mahAvIra grISma meM parvata-zikharoM para, varSA meM vRkSoM ke nIce aura zItakAla meM caurAhoM para baiThe aura vicAra kiyA ki pIr3A AtmA ko nahIM, jJAna - rahita zarIra ko kaSTa detI hai / durddhara

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 99. tapa aura AtmArAdhanA dvArA Atma-tattva ko jAnakara saMsAra ko pApa-paMka se dUra karane ke liye vaizAkha mAsa kI zuklA dazamI tithi ko unhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| ve caturmukhI ho gye| unake zarIra kA pratibimba par3anA banda ho gyaa| unameM sabhI vidyAoM kA praveza ho gyaa| isI harSamaya vAtAvaraNa meM indra ne samavazaraNa (sabhA-maNDapa) kA nirmANa kraayaa| isI sabhA-maNDapa meM bha. mahAvIra ne muktimArga kA upadeza diyaa| samavazaraNa kI racanA samavazaraNa ke madhya gandhakuTI meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna bha. mahAvIra kA mukhamaNDala atyanta tejasvI laga rahA thaa| zirapara chatratraya suzobhita the| devagaNa dundabhi bajA rahe the taba unhoMne apanI pavitra vANI se ASAr3ha mAsa kI gurU-pUrNimA ke dina prathamabAra satya, ahiMsA, aura tyAga kA upadeza diyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNadhara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara hue - gautama indrabhUti, agnibhUti, Aryavyakta, sudharma, maNDika, mauryaputra, akampita, acala, metArya aura pryaas| inhoMne bhagavAna ke sandeza kA prasAra kiyaa| ye apanI ziSya-paramparA ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa pahuMce the| bhagavAna ne sabako upadeza diyA evaM gautama indrabhUti ke mana meM uTha rahe sandehoM kA zamana kiyA / brAhmaNa ke guNoM kA jJAna karAyA aura Atmatattva kA upadeza diyA, jisase unakA sArA kalmaSa dhula gayA aura kalyANa huaa| gaNadharoM kI AdhyAtmika unnati ko jAnakara anya loga bhI bha. mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM Ane lage the| pArasparika virodha ko bhUlakara ve unakA upadeza sunate the / tathA AtmadhyAna meM lIna ho jAte the| bha. mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA prabhAva samavazaraNa meM upasthita sabhI ne bha. mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko apanI-apanI buddhi ke anusAra grahaNa kiyA, kintu gautama indrabhUti ne unakI divyavANI ko vizeSa rUpa se samajhA aura vizvakalyANArtha use anudita kara bAraha aMgoM meM grathita kiyA / bhagavAna kA ziSyatva rAjavarga ke :

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100 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana logoM ne hI nahIM grahaNa kiyA, varan jana-sAmAnya bhI isa dizA meM pIche nahIM rhaa| jisa deza ke rAjapurUSa jainadharma ko svIkAra karate the, vahA~ kI janatA bhI apane zAsakoM kA anuzaraNa karatI thii| . tatkAlIna jainamatAvalambiyoM ne jainadharma ko to svIkAra kiyA hI, sAtha hI unhoMne jinAlayoM evaM jinAzramoM kA nirmANa karane-karavAne meM bhI yogadAna diyA tathA jaina-sAdhuoM ko bhI yathAzakti sammAna diyaa| jainetaroM ne bhI jainadharma ke mUla siddhAnta 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ko grahaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pravartita jainadharma diga-dingatoM meM vistRta huaa| vizvakatyANa kI bhAvanA vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA se bha. mahAvIra ne samAjopayogI vicAroM ko aMkita kiyA hai| unhoMne "sarve bhavantu sukhinaH, sarve santu niraamyaaH| sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhabhAgbhavet" ke siddhAnta ko mUrta rUpa diyA aura pUrNa ahiMsA, sadAcAra, sadvicAra, paropakAra, indriya-saMyama Adi guNoM ko sarvatra vyApakatA dii| sAmyabhAva kA pratipAdana ... bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki isa dharA para sabako samAna adhikAra prApta haiN| koI kisI se bar3A yA choTA nahIM hai| saMsAra parivartanazIla hai| hameM mAnava-mAtra kA sammAna karake AtmotthAna ke mArga kI ora agrasara honA caahie| dUsaroM ke doSoM ko prakaTa na kareM, mauna dhAraNa kareM aura unake guNoM ko IrSyA rahita hokara apnaayeN| vipatti meM dhairya rakheM apane jJAna aura dhana ke prati ghamaNDa nahIM kreN| kAma, krodha, lobha, moha se dUra hI rheN| samAja meM varNa-vyavasthA purUSa ke karmAnusAra ho, janmAnusAra nhiiN| manuSya kA AcaraNa hI samAja meM purUSa kI sthiti kA nirdhAraka ho| purUSa ko Atma-vizvAsI, satyaniSTha, dRr3ha, nirbhIka evaM pApa rahita mana vAlA honA caahie| saMsAra ke dvandoM para vijaya pAne vAlA purUSa jitendriya hokara "jina" kahalAtA hai| usakI apanI sthiti ke anusAra zubhAcaraNa hI 'jainadharma' ke nAma se prasiddha hai|

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101 vIrodaya kA svarUpa satyayugAdi varNana ___ bhava-duHkhoM se pIr3ita purUSoM ko kaSTa se bacAne ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aneka upAya batAye haiN| unhoMne saMsAra kI gati kA niyantA Izvara ko na mAnakara samaya ko mAnA hai| samaya hI balavatI zakti hai, jo rAjA ko raMka aura raMka ko rAjA banA detA hai| samaya ke prabhAva se jaba satayuga tretAyuga meM pariNata huA, to mAnava ko jIvanayApana kI ve suvidhAyeM vaisI prApta nahIM haI jaisI satayuga meM prApta thiiN| phalasvarUpa samAja meM avyavasthA phailii| ise niyantrita karane ke liye dharA para caudaha kulakaroM ne janma liyA jinameM nAbhirAya antima kulakara the| inakI patnI kA nAma marUdevI thaa| inhIM ke putra Adi tIrthaMkara bha. RSabhadeva the| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne logoM kA kaSTa dUra kara upayukta jIvanayApana kA upadeza diyaa| gRhastha-dharma kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt sanyAsa grahaNa kara logoM ko dharma ke prati prerita kiyaa| RSabhadeva ke pazcAt dvApara yuga meM ajitanAtha Adi teIsa tIrthakara aura bhI hue, jinhoMne RSabhadeva ke siddhAntoM kA hI pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| vastutattva kI nityatA jainadharma meM batAyA hai ki koI bhI vastu sarvathA navIna utpanna nahIM hotii| jo vastu vidyamAna hai, vaha kabhI naSTa nahIM hotI hai, kintu nimitta-naimittika bhAva se nitya navIna rUpa dhAraNa karatI huI parivartita hotI rahatI hai- yahI vastu kA vastutva-dharma hai| inakI utpatti aura nAza kA kAraNa Izvara nahIM hai| sabhI padArtha svataH pariNamate haiN| na sarvathA nUtramudeti jAtu yadasti nazyattadatho na bhaatu| nimitta-naimittika-bhAvatastu rUpAntaraM sandadhadasti vstu|| 39 / / -vIro. srg.19| sarvajJatA kI siddhi AtmA darzana-jJAna-svabhAvI hai| dekhanA aura jAnanA usakA svabhAva hai| saMsArAvasthA meM jJAna karmAvRtta rahatA hai| jaba AtmA se

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102 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jJAnAvaraNa dUra ho jAtA hai taba traikAlika vastuoM ko viSaya karane vAlA kevalajJAna AtmA meM prakaTa ho jAtA hai, AtmA apane zuddha jJAna svabhAva ko pA letI hai| isa pavitra jJAna ko prApta kara bha. sarvajJa ho jAte haiN| ve sarvajJa kahe jAte haiN| mahAkavi paM. bhUrAmala jI ne aneka laukika dRSTAntoM se sarvajJa kI siddhi kI hai tathA anta meM kahA hai ki jagata kI pravRtti samIcIna rUpa se anekAnta mArga se hI cala sakatI hai, anyathA nhiiN| ataH sarvajJa-prazasti hI satyAnugata hai, saccI hai - vRthA'bhimAnaM vrajato virUddha pragacchato'smAdapi he prabuddha !| pravRttiretatpathataH samasti tato'sya satyAnugatA prazastiH / / 23 / / -vIro.sarga.201 mokSaprApti - zarada Rtu kI velA meM sarvavettA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kArtika mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI kI rAtri ko ekAntavAsa kiyA aura rAtri ke antima samaya meM pAvAnagarI ke upavana meM pArthiva zarIra tyAga kara mokSa prApta kiyaa| unake mokSa prApta kara lene para unake pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti ko unakA sthAna prApta huaa| bha. mahAvIra ke bAda kI sthiti - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mokSa prApta kara lene para unake dvArA upadiSTa dharma 'digambara' aura 'zvetAmbara' - ina do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| kAladoSa ke kAraNa jainamatAvalambI bhI mahAvIra ke upadeza kA yathocita rUpa se pAlana nahIM kara ske| unameM aneka sampradAya va upasampradAya banane lge| jina burAIyoM se bacane ke liye bhagavAna mahAvIra ne navIna mArga calAyA thA, ve burAIyA~ jainiyoM meM hI punaH prakaTa hone lgiiN| jainadharma kA saMcAlana jainadharmI rAjavarga ke hAthoM se nikalakara vaizyoM aura kSatriyoM ke hAthoM meM A gyaa| pariNAma svarUpa jainadharma vaNikavRtti se prabhAvita ho gyaa| itanA hone para bhI yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki jitendriya jainamatAvalambiyoM kA pRthvI para sarvathA abhAva ho gayA hai| Aja bhI aneka

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103 vIrodaya kA svarUpa jitendriya mahApurUSa haiM, kintu ajJAnatAvaza hama unheM nahIM jAna pAte haiM / anta meM divya guNoM se vibhUSita isa mahAkAvya ke carita - nAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ko hama praNAma karate haiN| unakI kIrti dharA para akSaya banI rahe / kAvya kI mahattA 1. kAvya - sAhitya - marmajJa vidvAnoM ne kAvya kI mahattA kA nirdeza karate hue batalAyA hai ki kAvya - kathA kA nAyaka dhIrodAtta ho, usakA caritra uttarottara camatkArI ho / 2. pratyeka kArya ke pUrNa hone meM koI vighna-bAdhA na Aye, isaliye vyakti apanI bAdhAoM ko dUra karane ke liye kAryArambha meM apane iSTadeva kI prArthanA karatA hai| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne bhI 'vIrodaya' ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM zrI candraprabha bhagavAna kI stuti kI hai / yathA candraprabhaM naumi yadaGgasArastaM kaumudastomamurIcakAra / sukhaJjana: saMlabhate praNazyattamastayA''tmIyapadaM samasyA / / 3 / / - vIro.sarga.1 / - 3. bha. mahAvIra jainadharma ke antima tIrthaMkara the| bhAratavarSa meM RSabhadeva ke samAna hI unakI bhI prasiddhi hai / inhIM ke jIvana para yaha kAvya AdhArita hai| isakA kathAnaka mahApurANa se liyA gayA hai| 4. isa kAvya meM 'mokSa' purUSArtha kI siddhi kI gaI hai| kArtika mAsa kI caturdazI kI rAtri ko vIra bhagavAna ne mukti - lakSmI kA varaNa kiyA / 5. vIrodaya kAvya ke nAyaka loka - vizruta bhagavAna mahAvIra meM eka nAyaka ke sabhI guNa haiN| ve parama dhArmika, adbhuta saundaryazAlI, sAMsArika rAga se dUra, jainadharma ke uddhAraka, dukhiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAle haiN| 6. isameM vividha sthaloM aura vRttAntoM kA bhI yathAsthAna varNana hai / samudra kA bhI sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / pUrvakAla meM deza, nagara aura grAma kaise hote the, vahA~ ke mArga aura bAjAra kaise saje rahate the ? isakA bhI sundara varNana dUsare sarga meM kiyA gayA hai|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 7. isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmamahotsava kA bhI bar3A divya - varNana hai| sarva prathama devoM ne aura tatpazcAt rAjA siddhArtha ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma - mahotsava dhUma-dhAma se manAyA hai| 104 8. isameM tIna saMvAda vizeSa haiM (ka) rAnI priyakAriNI aura rAjA siddhArtha kA saMvAda (kha) rAnI priyakAriNI aura devI saMvAda (ga) rAjA siddhArtha aura varddhamAna saMvAda | 9. kavi ne devAlaya aura samavazaraNa - maNDapa kA bhI varNana isa kAvya meM kiyA hai| 10. kAvya ke anta meM varNita "jainadharma evaM darzana" kavi ko saccA jainadharmI siddha karatA hai 1 11. isa kAvya kA nAma kAvya ke nAyaka ke nAma para hI AdhArita hai / nAyaka kA nAma hai mahAvIra aura mahAvIra ke abhyudaya se zAntarasa kI sthApanA hI kavi kA lakSya hai / 12. isameM aneka uttama alaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga hai / 'jayodaya' kI taraha 'vIrodaya' bhI antyAnuprAsa se alaMkRta hai| yamaka, upamA, apahuti, utprekSA, bhrAnmiAna, parisaMkhyA Adi alaMkAroM kI chaTA isameM vizeSa darzanIya hai / isake atirikta kAvya - zAstriyoM dvArA svIkRta mahAkAvya meM sarga sambandhI, bhAvapakSa sambandhI, kalApakSa sambandhI Adi aneka vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| sahRdaya ko prabhAvita karane meM yaha kAvya pUrNa samartha hai / niHsandeha isakI mahattA avarNanIya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva bhArata kI sAmAjika evaM dhArmika sthiti kA citraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva bhArata kI sAmAjika evaM dhArmika vyavasthA kI bAgar3ora brAhmaNoM ke hAthoM meM thI / usa samaya unhoMne yaha prasiddha kara rakhA thA ki yajJa mete pazavo hi sRSTA aura "vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati" arthAta sabhI pazu yajJa ke liye brahmA ne race

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 105 haiM aura veda-vidhAna se kI gaI hiMsA hiMsA nahIM hai| yathA yajJArtha pazavaH sRSTAH svayameva svymbhuvaa| yajJasya bhUtyai sarvasya tasmAd yajJe vdho'vdhH|| yajJArthaM brahmANairvadhyAH prazastA mRga-pakSiNaH / yA vedavihitA hiMsA niytaa'smishcraacre|| ahiMsAmeva tAM vidyAdvedAddharmo hi nirbbhau|| - manusmRti 5/22.39-441 dharma ke nAma para hiMsA kA tANDava nRtya apanI carama-sImA para pahu~ca gayA thA, jisake phalasvarUpa naramedha yajJa bhI hone lage the| yahA~ taka ki rUpa-yauvana sampanna manuSyoM taka ko bhI yajJAgni kI Ahuti banA diyA jAtA thaa| 'gItA-rahasya' jaise grantha ke lekhaka lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka ne eka bhASaNa meM kahA thA ki 'pUrvakAla meM yajJa' ke lie asaMkhya pazuoM kI hiMsA hotI thI, isake pramANa meghadUta Adi aneka granthoM meM milate haiN| bha. mahAvIra ne isa hiMsA ko dUra karane ke liye athaka prayatna kiyA aura usI kA yaha suphala hai ki bhAratavarSa se yAjJikI hiMsA sadA ke liye banda ho gii| svayaM lokamAnya tilaka ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki isa ghora hiMsA kA brAhmaNa-dharma se vidAI le jAne kA zreya jainadharma ko hai| sAmAjika sthiti bha. mahAvIra se pUrva sAre bhArata kI sAmAjika sthiti atyanta dayanIya ho rahI thii| brAhmaNa sArI samAja meM sarvazreSTha samajhA jAtA thaa| isake liye brAhmaNa-granthoM meM kahA gayA thA ki duHzIla brAhmaNa bhI pUjya hai aura jitendriya zUdra bhI pUjya nahIM hai| brAhmaNa vidvAna ho yA mUrkha vaha mahAna devatA hai| 'duHzIlo'pi dvijaH pUjyo na zUdro vijitendriyH|" 'avidvAMzcaiva vidvAMzca brAhmaNo daivataM mahat / / tathA zrotriya brAhmaNa ke liye yahA~ taka vidhAna kiyA gayA hai ki zrAddha ke samaya mahAna baila ko bhI mAra kara usakA mAMsa zrotriya brAhmaNa ko

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106 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana khilaaveN| isake viparIta bha. mahAvIra ne varNAzrama aura jAtivAda ke virUddha bhI apanI dezanA dI aura kahA mAMsa ko khAne vAlA brAhmaNa nindya hai aura sadAcArI zUdra vandya hai| yathAvipro'pi cenmAMsabhugasti nidyaH, sad-vRttabhAvAd vRSalo'pi vandyaH / usa samaya brAhmaNoM ne yahA~ taka kAnUna banA diye the ki 'zUdra' ko jJAna yajJa kA ucchiSTa aura havana se bacA bhAga dharma kA upadeza nahIM denA caahie| yadi koI zUdra ko dharmopadeza aura vrata kA Adeza detA hai, to vaha zUdra ke sAtha asaMvRta nAmaka andhakAramaya naraka meM jAtA hai| na zUdrAya matiM dadyAnnocchiSTaM na hvisskRtm| na cAsyopadizeddharma yazcAsya vrtmaadishet|| yazcAsyopadizeddharma yazcAsya vratamAnadizet / so'saMvRta-tamo ghoraM saha tena prpdyte|| - vaziSTha smRti 18/12/-13 | zUdroM ke liye vedAdi dharma-granthoM ke par3hane kA adhikAra to thA hI nahIM, pratyuta yahA~ taka brAhmaNoM ne vidhAna kara rakhA thA ki jisa gA~va meM zUdra rahatA ho, vahA~ veda kA pATha bhI na kiyA jaave| yadi veda-dhvani zUdra ke kAnoM meM par3a jAya to usake kAnoM meM garma zIzA aura lAkha bhara dI jAya / veda-vAkya kA uccAraNa karane para usakI jihvA cheda dI jAve aura veda-maMtra yAda kara lene para usake zarIra ke do Tukar3e kiye jaaveN| yathA atha hAsya vedamupazrRNvatasvapu-jatubhyAM zrotrapratipUraNa-mudAharaNe jihvAcchedo dhAraNe zarIra-bhedaH / usa samaya zUdroM ko nIca, adhama evaM aspRzya samajhakara unakI chAyA taka se paraheja kiyA jAtA thaa| AcAra ke sthAna para jAtIya zreSThatA kA hI bola-bAlA thaa| paga-paga para rUr3hiyA~, kuprathAe~ aura kurItiyoM kA bAhulya thaa| svArtha-lolupatA, kAmukatA aura vilAsitA hI sarvatra dRSTigocara hotI thii| yajJoM meM hone vAlI pazu-hiMsA ne manuSyoM ke hRdaya nirdayI aura kaThora banA diye the|

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 107 ___uttaramadhyakAla (11-12vIM zatAbdI) Ate-Ate samAja anekoM jAtiyoM aura upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hone lagA thaa| samAja meM tantra-mantra, TonA-ToTakA, zakuna muhUrta Adi andhavizvAsa azikSita aura zikSita donoM meM ghara kara gaye the| dhArmika tathA sAmAjika kSetra meM uttarottara bheda-bhAva bar3hatA jA rahA thaa| jAtiyoM ke upajAtiyoM meM vibhakta hone se unameM khAna-pAna, roTI-beTI kA sambandha banda ho gayA thaa| kSatriya aura vaizva varga meM bhI ina naye parivartanoM kA prabhAva par3ane lagA thaa| kSatriya varga ke rAjavaMzoM se zAsana kArya china rahA thaa| sAmAnya kSatriya vyApAra kara vaizyavRtti dhAraNa kara rahe the aura dhArmika dRSTi se ve kisI eka dharma ke mAnane vAle na the tathA pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata meM bahusaMkhyaka jana jainadharmAvalambI bhI ho gaye the| isa kAla meM vaizya-varga meM bhI nUtana rakta-saMcAra huaa| chaThavIM zatAbdI taka lagabhaga ve prAyaH jaina aura bauddha-dharma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa kRSikarma chor3a cuke the| vaizya loga aneka jAtiyoM aura upajAtiyoM meM baTa gaye the| jainadharma adhikA~zataH vyApArI varga ke hAthoM meM thaa| muslima kAla meM bhI jaina-gRhasthoM ke kAraNa jainAcAryoM kI pratiSThA kAyama thii| isa kAla meM jaina gRhasthoM ne aneka granthoM kI racanA bhI kii| apabhraMza mahAkAvya 'paumacariu' ke racayitA svayaMmbha, tilakamaMjarI ke praNetA dhanapAla, paM. AzAdhara, arhadAsa, kavi maNDana Adi aneka jaina-gRhastha hI the| ____ manusmRti meM batAyA hai - kSatriya, vaizya aura brAhmaNa yogya avasthA prApta karane para bhI asaMskRta haiM, kyoMki ve vrAtya haiM aura ve AryoM dvArA garhaNIya haiN| brAhmaNa-saMtati ko upanayana Adi vratoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa vrAtya zabda se nirdiSTa kiyA jAtA hai| dvijAtayaH savarNAsu, janayantyavratAMstu taan| tAn sAvitrI-paribhraSTAn brAhmAniti vinirdizet / / -manusmRti 10/201 vrAtyakANDa kI bhUmikA meM AcArya sAyaNa ne likhA hai- "upanayana Adi se hIna mAnava "vrAtya" kahalAtA haiM aise mAnava ko vaidika kRtyoM ke

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108 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana liye anadhikArI aura sAmAnyataH patita mAnA jAtA hai parantu koI vrAtya aisA ho, jo vidvAna aura tapasvI ho, brAhmaNa bhale hI usase dveSa kareM, para vaha sarva-pUjya hogA aura devAdhideva paramAtmA ke tulya hogaa|' ataeva spaSTa hai ki vrAtya ve AryajAtiyA~ thIM, jo madhyadeza ke kulIna brAhmaNa evaM kSatriyoM ke AcAra kA anuzaraNa nahIM karatI thiiN| unakI zikSA-dIkSA kI bhASA prAkRta thI aura veza-bhUSA AryoM kI dRSTi se pariSkRta na thii| ve madhya deza ke brAhmaNoM ke vajAya arahantoM ko mAnate the tathA cetiyoM (caityoM) kI pUjA karate the| vastutaH mahAvIra ke pUrva sAmAjika krAnti parilakSita hone lagI thI aura vaidika AryoM kI zuddha saMtati samApta ho gaI thii| vyavasAya karma ke anusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra vargoM meM samasta bhAratIya samAja vibhakta ho rahA thaa| varNAzrama dharma samAja para chAyA huA thaa| yadyapi isake virodha meM krAnti kI dhvani gUMja rahI thI, para isa prathA ke virodha meM khar3e hone kI kSamatA kisI vyakti vizeSa meM avaziSTa nahIM thii| dhArmika sthiti I. pUrva. 600 ke Asa-pAsa bhArata kI dhArmika sthiti bahuta hI asthira aura bhrAnta thii| eka ora yajJIya karmakANDa aura dUsarI ora katipaya vicAraka apane siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kara janatA ko saMdeza de rahe the| cAroM ora hiMsA, asatya, zoSaNa, anAcAra evaM nArI ke prati kiye jAne vAle jora-julma apanA nagna tANDava prastuta kara rahe the| dharma ke nAma para mAnava apanI vikRtiyoM kA dAsa banA huA thaa| mAnavatA karAha rahI thI, usakI garimA khaDita ho gaI thii| dharma rAjanIti kA eka thothA hathiyAra mAtra raha gayA thaa| bhaya aura AtaMka ke kAraNa janatA dhArmika kriyAkANDa kA pAlana karatI thI, para zraddhA aura AsthA usake hRdaya meM nahIM thii| svArtha-lolupa dharmagurU aura dharmAcArya hI dharma ke ThekedAra bana baiThe the| mAnava kI antazcetanA mUrchita ho rahI thI, dAsatA kI vRtti dinoM-dina bar3ha rahI thii| digbhrAnta mAnava kA mana bhaTaka rahA thA, kahIM bhI use jJAna kA Aloka prApta nahIM ho rahA thaa| tIrthaMkara

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 109 pArzvanAtha ke pazcAt yajJIya kriyAkANDoM ne mAnavatA ko saMtrasta kara diyA thaa| Aloka kI dharma-rekhA dhuMdhalI hotI jA rahI thI aura jIvana kA abhizApa dinAnudina bojhila ho rahA thaa| dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM pUrNatayA arAjakatA vidyamAna thii| avyavasthA, auddhatya, ahaMkAra, ajJAnatA aura svairAcAra ne dharma kI pAvanatA ko khaNDita kara diyA thaa| varga-svArtha kI dUSita bhAvanAoM ne mAnavatA ko dhUmila kara diyA thaa| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha aura maitrI jaisI udAtta bhAvanAyeM khatare meM thii| sarvodaya kA sthAna vargodaya ne prApta kara liyA thA aura dharma eka vyApAra bana gayA thaa| usa samaya ke vicArakoM meM pUrNakAzyapa, makkhalI gozAlaka, ajitakeza kambala, prakuddha kAtyAyana, saMjaya belaTThiputra aura gautama buddha pramukha the| 'dIrghanikAya' 'samaJjaphalasutta' meM nigraMtha jJAtRputra mahAvIra sahita sAta dharmanAyakoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai| gupta-yuga meM bhArata meM dhArmika paristhiti ne aneka karavaTeM bdlii| vedoM kI apekSA purANoM ko adhika mahattva diyA gyaa| nAlandA aura pazcima valabhI bauddhadharma ke naye kendroM ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahe the| jainadharma bhI vikasita sthiti meM thaa| jaina zramaNa-saMghoM kI vyavasthA meM bhI anekoM parivartana hone lage the| IsA kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM mUrti tathA mandiroM kA nirmANa zrAvaka kA pradhAna dharma bana gayA thaa| muniyoM kA dhyAna bhI jJAnArAdhanA se haTakara mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI dekhabhAla meM lagane lagA thA / phalataH sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bAda se jinapratimA, jinAlaya-nirmANa aura jinapUjA ke mAhAtmya para vizeSa rUpa se sAhitya-nirmANa hone lagA thaa| pAMcavIM se dasavIM zatAbdI taka jaina manISiyoM dvArA aisI aneka vizAla evaM pratinidhi racanAyeM likhI gaI, jo Age kI kRtiyoM kA AdhAra mAnI jA sakatI haiN| IsA kI 11vIM aura 12vIM zatAbdI meM deza kI rAjanItika aura sAmAjika paristhitiyoM meM parivartana ke sAtha jainasaMgha ke ubhaya sampradAyoM (digambara aura zvetAmbara ke Antarika saMgaThanoM) meM bhI navIna parirvatana hue jisase jaina-sAhitya ke kSetra meM eka nUtana jAgaraNa huaa|

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110 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vIrodaya meM dhArmika sthiti kA nirUpaNa karate huye kahA hai - usa samaya pApa se nahIM Darane vAle logoM ke dvArA jagadambA ke samakSa hI unake putroM ke gale para churI calAI jAtI thI, (bali dI jAtI thii|) (sArI dhArmika sthiti ati bhayaMkara ho rahI thI) aura unake ina duSkarmoM se yaha vasundharA durAzISa de rahI the, trAhi-trAhi kara rahI thii| logoM meM paraspara vidveSamayI pravRtti phaila rahI thii| eka jIva dUsare jIva ko mArane ke liye khaDga hAtha meM liye hue thaa| aisA koI bhI manuSya nahIM dikhAI detA thA jisakA citta krodha se bharA huA na ho| yathAsamakSato vA jagadambikAyAstatputrakANAM nigale'pyapAyAt / avimyatA'sisthitiraGkitA''sIjjanena . cAnena dharA duraashiiH|| 35 / / parasparadveSamayI pravRttireko'nyajIvAya samAttakRttiH / na kopi yasyAtha na ko'pi cittaM zAntaM janaH smAnvayate'pavittam / / 36 / / ___-vIro.sarga.11 __ isa prakAra logoM ke mana, vacana evaM kAya kI kriyA ati kuTila thI aura sabhI svacchanda evaM niraMkuza ho rahe the| pUrvabhavoM kA varNana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMkhyAtIta agaNita janmoM meM bhilla jIvana kA sabase adhika mahattva hai; kyoMki isI jIvana meM unheM yogirAja kA AzIrvAda milA, moha-granthi ke bhedanArtha niSThA kI prApti huI aura ahiMsA kA bIja-vapana huaa| hiMsAnandI purUravA bhIla kisa prakAra karUNAvRtti ke kAraNa tIrthakara mahAvIra ke pada ko prApta huA ? - yahI mananIya aura cintanIya hai| sa Aha bho bhavya! purUravAGga-bhillo'pi sddhrmvshaadihaangg!| AdIzapautratvamupAgato'pi kudRkprabhAveNa sudhrmlopii|| 21 / / -vIro.sarga.111 AdhyAtmika utkrAnti kI dRSTi se samyagdarzana kA atyadhika mahattva hai, jise dRSTilAbha yA bodhilAbha kahate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIva

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 111 ne anya jIvoM kI bhA~ti aneka janma-maraNa (bhava) kiye haiN| unakI parigaNanA karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu jaba unake jIva ne sarvaprathama bodhilAbha prApta kiyA to ve parIta-saMsArI ho ge| Atma-sAdhanA kI eka dizA unheM mila gii| samavAyAMga meM 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra tIrthakara ke bhava-grahaNa se pUrva chaThe bhava meM poTilla the aura vahA~ eka karor3a varSa taka zrAmaNya-paryAya kA pAlana kiyA thA - aisA ullekha milatA hai|10 digambara-paramparA meM mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama uttarapurANa meM huA hai| usI kA anusaraNa asagakavi ne zrI vardhamAnacarita meM, bhaTTArakasakalakIrti ne vIravardhamAnacarita meM, raidhU ne mahAvIracarita meM, sirihara ne vaDDhamANacariu meM, jayamittahalla ne vardhamAnakAvya meM aura kumudacandra ne mahAvIrarAsa meM kiyA hai|" zvetAmbara-granthoM meM mahAvIra ke sattAIsa bhavoM kA nirUpaNa hai| aura digambara-granthoM meM tetIsa bhavoM kaa| isake atirikta nAma, sthala va Ayu Adi ke sambandha meM bhI donoM paramparAoM meM antara hai, kintu itanA to spaSTa hai ki unakA tIrthakaratva aneka janmoM kI sAdhanA kA pariNAma thaa| unameM prArambha ke 22 bhava kucha nAma parivartanAdi ke sAtha ve hI haiM jo ki digambara paramparA meM batalAye gaye haiN| digambara-mAnyatAnusAra 1. purUravA bhIla 2. saudharma deva 3. mArIci 4. brahma svarga kA deva 5. jaTila brAhmaNa 6. saudharma svarga kA deva 7. puSpamitra brAhmaNa 8. saudharma svarga kA deva zvetAmbara-mAnyatAnusAra 1. nayasAra bhillarAja 2. saudharma deva 3. mArIci 4. brahma svarga kA deva 5. kauzika-brAhmaNa 6. IzAna svarga kA deva 7. puSpamitra brAhmaNa 8. saudharma deva

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112 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 9. agnyudyota brAhmaNa 10. IzAna svarga kA deva 9. agnisaha brAhmaNa 10. sanatkumAra svarga kA deva 11. agnimitra brAhmaNa 12. mAhendra svarga kA deva 13. bhAradvAja brAhmaNa 14. mAhendra svarga kA deva 15. sthAvara brAhmaNa 16. mAhendra svarga kA deva 17. vizvanandI (muni pada meM nidAna) 18. mahAzukra svarga kA deva 19. tripRSTha nArAyaNa 20. sAtaveM naraka kA nArakI 21. siMha 22. prathama naraka kA nArakI 23. siMha (mRga bhakSaNa ke samaya cAraNa muni dvArA sambodhana) 24. prathama svarga kA deva 25. kanakojjvala rAjA 26. lAntava svarga kA deva 27. hariSeNa rAjA 28. mahAzukra svarga kA deva 29. priyamitra cakravartI 30. sahasrAra svarga kA deva 11. agnibhUti brAhmaNa 12. sanatkumAra svarga kA deva 13. bhAradvAja brAhmaNa 14. mAhendra svarga kA deva 15. sthAvara brAhmaNa 16. brahma svarga kA deva 17. vizvanandI (muni pada meM nidAna) 18. mahAzukra svarga kA deva 19. tripRSTha nArAyaNa 20. sAtaveM naraka kA nArakI 21. siMha 22. prathama naraka kA nArakI 23. poTTila yA priyamitra cakravartI 24. mahAzukra svarga kA deva

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 113 31. nanda rAjA (tIrthakara prakRti kA baMdha) 25. nandana rAjA (tIrthakara prakRti kA baMdha) 32. acyuta svarga kA indra 26. prANata svarga kA deva 33. bhagavAna mahAvIra 27. bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra bAIsaveM bhava meM prathama naraka ke nArakI the| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra ve vahA~ se nikala kara poTTila yA priyamitra cakravartI hue| digambara paramparA ke anusAra nArakI jIva cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva nahIM ho sakate haiN| mahAvIra ke jIva ne nayasAra yA purUravA ke bhava meM hI sarvaprathama samyagdarzana prApta kiyA thaa| ataH usI bhava se unake bhavoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| nayasAra yA purUravA ke bhava ke pazcAt bhI aneka bhavoM meM samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi huI thii| jahA~ zvetAmbara AcArya 'saMsAre kiyantamapi kAlamiTitvA' likhakara Age bar3ha gaye hai, vahA~ digambarAcArya ne kucha aura bhavoM kA varNana kara diyA hai, jisase saMkhyA meM vRddhi ho gaI hai| sattAIsa bhavoM kI parigaNatA ke bhI do prakAra granthoM meM prApta hote haiN| Avazyakaniyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya cUrNivRtti kI TIkAoM meM sattAIsavAM bhava devAnandA brAhmaNI kI kukSi meM janma lenA batAyA hai| vIrodaya meM pUrvabhava pUrva-bhavoM kA varNana karate hue vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM AcAryazrI ne likhA hai ki bha. mahAvIra ke jIva ne mArIci ke bhava meM unmArga kA pracAra va prasAra kara duSkarma upArjana kiyA aura nAnA kuyoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karake anta meM zAMDilya brAmhaNa aura usI pArAzarikA strI ke sthAvara nAma kA zreSTha putra huaa| vaha parivrAjaka hokara tapa ke prabhAva se mAhendra svarga gyaa| vahA~ se cyuta hokara isa jagata meM paribhramaNa karate huye rAjagRhanagara meM vizvabhUti brAhmaNa aura usakI jainI nAmaka strI ke vizvanandI nAma kA putra huaa| vizvabhUti ke bhAI vizAkhabhUti kA putra vizAkhanandI thaa| vizAkhanandI kA jIva svarga se cyuta hokara mRgAvatI rAnI se tripRSTha nAma kA putra huaa|

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114 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra kramazaH azvagrIva Adi paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karate hue mahAvIra ke jIva meM siMha ke bhava meM munirAja ke satsaMga kA suyoga prApta kiyA tathA samasta prANiyoM kI hitakAriNI mAnasiMka pravRtti hone se tIrthakaratva nAmakarma kA bandha kara acyuta svarga kI indratA ko prApta kiyaa| yathA - samastasattvaikahitaprakAri - manastayA'nte kSapaNatvadhArI upetya vai tIrthakaratvanAmAcyutendratAmapyagamaM sudaamaa|| 36 / / -viiro.srg.11| purUravAparyAya guNacandra ne mahAvIracariyaM meM aura AcArya hemacandra ne triSaSTizlAkApurUSacaritra meM varNana kiyA hai- "apara mahAvideha ke mahAvapra vijaya kSetra kI jayantI nagarI meM zatrumardana nAmaka samrATa the| purapraSThiAna grAma meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIva usa samaya nayasAra nAmaka grAma cintaka bnaa| puhaippaiTThANanAmapi grAme nayasAro nAma grAma citaMgo ahesi| -mahAvIracaritra, patra 2 / tasya grAme tu pRthivI prtisstthaanaabhidhe'bhvt| svAmibhakto nayasArAbhidhAno graam-cintkH|| -triSaSTi 10/1/15 / AcArya guNabhadraracita uttarapurANa meM nayasAra kI ghaTanA kucha anya rUpa se citrita kI gaI hai| usameM nayasAra ke sthAna para purUravA kA nAma hai| vaha jAti se kolI-bhIla thaa| aura jambUdvIpastha videhakSetra meM sItAsaritA ke sannikaTa puSpakalAvatI deza kI puNDarIkiNI nagarI ke madhuvana meM rahatA thaa| usa vana meM digbhrama se bhramita sAgarasena muni ko mRga samajhakara vaha mArane ke liye udyata huA, kintu patnI ne kahA "ye vana ke devatA haiM, inheM na maaro|"- yaha sunakara vaha munirAja ke pAsa gayA aura

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 115 zraddhA se namaskAra kiyaa| munizrI ke AzIrvAdAtmaka vacana sunakara vaha zAnta ho gyaa| usane munirAja se madhu, mAMsa aura zarAba ke sevana kA tyAga kara vrata grahaNa kiye aura jIvana paryanta vratoM kA Adara pUrvaka pAlana kiyaa| zvetAmbara-granthoM meM grAmacintaka kahA hai to digambara-granthoM meM vyAdha bhIloM kA mukhiyA batAyA hai madhukAraNye vane tasyA nAmnA vyaadhaadhipo'bhvt| guNacandra aura hemacandra ne grAmacintaka ko viziSTa AcAra kA pAlaka dharmazAstra meM zraddhAlu, heyo- pAdeya kA jJAtA, svabhAva se gaMbhIra, / prakRti se sarala, vinIta, paropakAra-parAyaNa Adi vizeSaNa dekara usake sadguNoM ko prakaTa kiyA hai, para digambara paramparA meM purUravA meM durguNoM kI pradhAnatA batalAI hai| isa prakAra eka hI vyakti hone para bhI pAtra kI prakRti meM bahuta aMtara hai| paumacariyaM meM AcArya zrI vimalasUri ne bhI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhillarAja apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha dasyu-karma karatA huA AkheTa meM saMlagna rahatA thaa| eka dina pati-patnI vana-vihAra ke liye gye| purUravA ne vRkSoM ke jhuramuTa meM do camakatI AMkhe dekhiiN| usane anumAna lagAyA ki vahA~ koI jaMgalI jAnavara sthita hai| ataeva dhanuSa-vANa car3hAyA aura saghana vRkSoM ke bIca sthita usa vyakti kA vadha karanA caahaa| kAlikA ne bIca meM rokakara kahA- 'naath| vahA~ zikAra nahIM vana devatA haiN| yadi jaMgalI jAnavara hotA to usakI itanI zAnta ceSTA nahIM ho sakatI thii|' purUravA Azcarya-cakita ho jhuramuTa kI ora gyaa| vahA~ usane eka munirAja ko dhyAnastha dekhaa| pati-patnI ne bhakti-vibhora hokara unakI vandanA kI aura phala-phUloM se arcanA kii| dhyAna (samAdhi) TUTane para munirAja ne purUravA ko nikaTa bhavya jAnakara dharmopadeza diyA-'bhillarAja'! kyoM moha meM par3e ho ? nirIha prANiyoM kI hiMsA karate hue tumheM kaSTa nahIM hotA? bhillarAja ne kahA- "mahArAja ! maiM bhilloM kA saradAra huuN| mere sAthI jo lUTa-pATa kara lAte haiM, usameM merA hissA rahatA hai| maiM hiMsaka

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116 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jIvoM ko mAra kara mArga ko nirApada banAtA huuN|" munirAja bole- "are, bhole jIva ! tuma nahIM samajhate ho ki pApAcaraNa meM koI kisI kA sAthI nahIM hotA hai|" bhillarAja munirAja ke upadeza se atyadhika prabhAvita huA usane patnI sahita unase ahiMsANuvrata grahaNa kara unakA tatparatA pUrvaka pAlana kiyaa| ahiMsaka AcaraNa se purUravA kA jIvana hI badala gyaa| vaha samabhAvI bana gyaa| usake hRdaya meM dayA aura karUNA kA sarovara utpanna ho gyaa| isaprakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvAtmA ne AtmotthAna kI sAdhanA isa bhillarAja paryAya se prArambha kii| Ayu ke anta meM bhIla kA yaha jIva nazvara zarIra ko chor3akara svarga meM deva huaa| pUrva saMskAra-vaza vaha svarga ke divya bhogoM meM Asakta nahIM huA aura saudharma svarga kI Ayu samApta kara vaha Adi cakravartI bharata kA mArIci nAmaka putra huaa| mArIci dharma-sAdhanA meM dRr3ha na raha sakA aura ajJAnatA pUrvaka paMcAgni tapa karane se Ayu ko pUrNa kara vaha brahmasvarga meM deva huaa| jaTila paryAya (mahAvIra) mahAvIra kA yaha jIva brahmasvarga se cyuta hokara AyodhyAnagarI meM kapila brAhmaNa ke yahA~ jaTila nAmaka putra huaa| jaTila ne veda-smRti Adi granthoM kA adhyayana kara pUrNa pAMDitya prApta kiyA aura kumArAvasthA meM hI saMsAra chor3a sanyAsa grahaNa kara liyaa| Agama kA viparIta artha kara logoM ko kumArga kI zikSA dekara jaTila unheM ekAnta mArga para calane ke liye prerita karatA thaa| usane sanyAsI avasthA meM ajJAnatA se bhare durddhara tapazcaraNa kiye, para usakI sAdhanA AdhyAtmikatA se zUnya thii| purUravA paryAya meM ahiMsA kA jo bIja vapana huA thA, vaha abhI taka akuMrita na ho sakA aura mahAvIra kA vaha jIva utthAna se patana kI ora gatizIla hone lgaa| puSpamitra paryAya mahAvIra kA vaha jIva saudharma svarga se cyuta ho ayodhyApurI ke sthUNAgAra nagara meM bhAradvAja brAhmaNa aura usakI puSpadattA nAmaka patnI se

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117 vIrodaya kA svarUpa puSpamitra nAmaka putra huaa| puNyodaya ke kAraNa puSpamitra kA pAlana-poSaNa samRddha rUpa meM huaa| usane saMskAravaza thor3e hI dinoM meM veda-purANa Adi granthoM kA adhyayana kara liyaa| usakA vivAha samAroha-pUrvaka sampanna huaa| kucha dinoM taka vaha sAMsArika sukha bhogatA rhaa| patnI kA svargavAsa ho jAne para usake mana meM virakti utpanna huii| mithyAtva ke udaya se 'Atma-pariNiti' kA tyAga kara vaha para-pariNita meM pravRtta huaa| apanI AtmA kI parama jyoti ko vaha bhUla gyaa| phalataH usake samasta kArya aE yAtma-poSaka na hokara zarIra-poSaka hI hone lge| kaThora sAdhAnA karane para bhI zArIrika kaSTa ke atirikta use anya koI upalabdhi na ho skii| kaSTasahiSNutA ke kAraNa manda kaSAya hone se usane deva-Ayu kA baMdha kiyA aura prathama svarga meM deva huaa| ajJAnapUrvaka kiye gaye tapa ne jIvana meM na koI gati utpanna kI aura na kisI Aloka ko hI prAdurbhUta hone diyaa| agnisaha brAhmaNa puSpamitra kA yaha jIva svarga se cyuta hokara bharatakSetra meM zvetika nAma ke nagara meM agnibhUta brAhmaNa aura unakI strI gautamI se agnisaha nAmaka putra huaa| isa paryAya meM isane dharma, artha aura kAma-ina tInoM purUSArthoM kA yathocita sevana kiyaa| svarga ke divya bhoga-bhogakara vaha punaH eka bAra agnimitra nAmaka parivrAjaka huA aura AMzika sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa use punaH svarga-sukha prApta hue| isameM sandeha nahIM ki choTA-sA acchA bIja bhI madhura phala utpanna karatA hai| eka janma meM kI gaI ahiMsA kI AMzika sAdhanA bhI aneka janmoM meM phala detI hai| ataeva vaha svarga se cyuta ho, bhAradvAja nAmaka tridaNDI sAdhu huaa| mithyA zraddhA ko vaha dUra na kara skaa| devagati ke bhogoM meM Azakta ho gyaa| isa indriyAsakti ne use aneka kuyoniyoM meM paribhramaNa kraayaa| pUrva saMcita zubha-kAryoM se use manuSya janma bhI milA, parantu ajJAna-pUrvaka tapa kiyA aura AtmAnubhava se bhI dUra rhaa|

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118 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra mArIci kA jIva lagAtAra pA~coM manuSya-bhavoM meM apane pUrva dRr3ha saMskAroM se prerita hokara uttarottara mithyAtva kA pracAra karate hue durmoca darzanamohanIya ke sAtha sabhI pApakarmoM kA utkRSTa bandha karatA rahA, jisake phalasvarUpa caudahaveM bhava vAle svarga se cayakara manuSya ho tiryagyoni ke asaMkhyAta bhavoM meM lagabhaga kucha kama eka kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama kAla taka paribhramaNa karatA rhaa| tatpazcAt karmabhAra kama hone para mArIci kA jIva pandrahaveM bhava meM sthAvara nAmaka brAhmaNa huaa| isa bhava meM tapasvI banakara mithyA mata kA pracAra karate hue marakara solahaveM bhava meM mAhendra svarga kA deva huaa| vizvanandI sattarahaveM bhava meM isI bharata kSetra meM magadha deza ke rAjagRha nagara meM vizvabhUti rAjA ke jainI nAmaka strI se vipula parAkramadhArI vizvanandI nAma kA putra huaa| isI rAjA vizvabhUti kA eka choTA bhAI bhI thaa| usakI lakSmaNa strI se vizAkhanandI nAma kA eka mUrkha putra utpanna huaa| kisI nimitta se virakta hokara rAjA vizvabhUti ne apanA rAjya choTe bhAI ko aura yuvarAja pada apane putra vizvanandI ko dekara jina-dIkSA le lii| kisI samaya yuvarAja vizvanandI apane udyAna meM striyoM ke sAtha krIr3A kara rahA thaa| use dekhakara IrSyA se santapta-citta hue vizAkhanandI ne apane pitA se jAkara kahA ki ukta udyAna mujhe diyA jAya anyathA maiM ghara chor3a kara calA jaauuNgaa| putramoha se prerita hokara rAjA ne use dene kA AzvAsana diyA aura eka SaDayantra racakara vizvanandI ko eka zatru rAjA ko jItane ke liye bAhara bheja diyA aura vaha udyAna apane putra vizAkhanandI ko de diyaa| zatru ko jItakara vApisa Ane para vizvanandI ko isa SaDayantra kA patA calA to vaha Aga-babUlA ho gayA aura vizAkhanandI ko mArane ke liye udyata huaa| bhaya ke mAre apane prANa bacAne ke liye vizAkhanandI eka kaiMtha ke per3a para car3ha gyaa| vizvanandI ne hilA-hilAkara usa per3a ko ukhAr3a DAlA aura use mArane ke liye jyoM hI udyata huA ki vaha vahA~

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dIrodaya kA svarUpa se bhI bhAgA aura eka pASANa stambha ke pIche chipa gayA / vizvanandI ne use bhI ukhAr3a pheMkA to vizvanandI prANa bacAne vahA~ se bhI bhaagaa| use bhAgate dekhakara vizvanandI ko karUNA ke sAtha-sAtha virakti-bhAva jAgRta ho gayA aura rAjabhavana meM na jAkara vana meM jAkara sambhUta gurU ke pAsa jina - dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI aura ugra tapa karane lagA / 119 eka dina vihAra karate hue gocarI ke liye nagara meM jyoM hI praviSTa hue ki eka sadyaH prasUtA gAya ne dhakkA dekara una vizvanandI munirAja ko girA diyaa| unheM giratA huA dekhakara acAnaka sAmane Aye vizAkhanandI ne vyaMgapUrvaka kahA - "tumhArA vaha per3a aura khambhe ko ukhAr3a pheMkane vAlA parAkrama aba kahA~ gayA ?" usakA yaha vyaMga - bANa munirAja ke hRdaya praviSTa ho gayA aura usane nidAna kiyA ki yadi merI tapasyA kA kucha phala ho to maiM ise agale bhava meM mArU~ / " tapasyA ke prabhAva se muni kA jIva aThArahaveM bhava meM mahAzukra svarga meM deva huaa| vaha deva cayakara tripRSTha nArAyaNa huA aura vizAkhanandI kA jIva aneka kuyoniyoM meM paribhramaNa kara azvagrIva nAma kA prathama pratinArAyaNa huA / pUrva-bhava ke vaira bhAva ke saMskAra se eka strI kA nimitta pAkara donoM meM ghamAsAna yuddha huA / tripRSTha ne azvagrIva ko mArakara ekachatra trikhaNDa rAjya - sukha bhogaa| Ayu ke anta meM marakara bIsaveM bhava meM tripRSTha kA jIva bhI sAtaveM nagara kA nArakI huaa| digambarAcArya guNabhadra ne vizvabhUti ke sthAna para vizvanandI nAma diyA hai aura vizvanandI ke sthAna para vizvabhUti / uttarapurANa meM batAyA hai ki- apane laghubhrAtA ko rAjya samarpita kara vizvabhUti dIkSA le lete haiM para kathA kI maulika ghaTanA, udyAna kI puSpa krIr3A, bhAI kA adhikAra tathA kisa prakAra kapaTa- yuddha kA rUpa taiyAra kiyA gayA Adi ghaTanAe~ donoM hI paramparA meM eka jaisI haiN| naraka meM tripRSTha ke jIva ne agaNita kAla taka nAnA prakAra ke duHkhoM ko sahana kiyaa| Ayu pUrNa hone para yaha jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM gaMgA nadI ke taTa ke samIpavartI vana- pradeza meM siMhagiri parvata para siMha huaa| vahA~ para tIvra pApa kA arjana kara ratnaprabhA nAmaka prathama naraka meM

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120 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nArakI huA aura eka sAgara taka bhayaMkara duHkha bhogatA rhaa| isake pazcAt jambUdvIpa meM sindhukUTa kI pUrva dizA meM himavata parvata ke zikhara para dedIpyamAna bAloM se suzobhita siMha huaa| siMha paryAya uttarapurANa ke anusAra vaha bhayaMkara siMha kisI samaya hiraNa ko pakar3a kara khA rahA thaa| usI samaya eka cAraNa RSidhArI munirAja vahA~ Aye aura unhoMne dharma kA upadeza dete hue batAyA ki "tripRSTha ke bhava meM tumane atyanta viSayabhoga bhoge| phalataH tUM samyaktva se bhraSTa hokara naraka gyaa| vahA~ se Akara siMha huA hai|" munirAja kI vANI sunakara use jAti-smaraNa huaa| use atyadhika pazcAtApa huaa| munirAja ne purUravA Adi pUrva-bhavoM kA ullekha kiyA aura kahA ki aba isa bhava se tUM dasaveM bhava meM antima tIrthaMkara hogaa| usI samaya kAla Adi labdhiyoM ke mila jAne se zIghra hI tattvazraddhAna kiyA aura mana sthira kara zrAvaka ke vrata grahaNa kiye| vIrodaya meM isakA nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai upAttajAtismRtirityanenAzrusiktayogIndrapado nirenaaH| hiMsAmahaM projjhitavAnathAnte prANAMzca saMnyAsitayA vanAnte / / 23 / / -vIro.sarga. 111 sAdhu ke vacana sunakara jAti-smaraNa ko prApta ho apane A~suoM se una yogIndra ke caraNoM ko sIMca kara hiMsA ko chor3a diyA aura pApa-rahita hokara jIvana ke anta meM sanyAsa-pUrvaka prANoM ko chor3akara vaha saudharma svarga meM siMhaketu nAmaka deva huaa| vahA~ do sAgara kI sthiti bhogakara dhAtakI khaNDadvIpa ke pUrvavideha kSetra meM kanakaprabha nagara meM rAjA kanakapuMgava aura kanakamAlA rAnI ke kanakojjvala nAmaka putra huaa| eka bAra vaha patnI kanakavatI ke sAtha mandaragiri para gyaa| vahA~ priyamitra munirAja ke darzana kie| anta meM saMyama dhAraNa kara sAtaveM svarga meM deva huaa| vahA~ sepacyuta hokara jambUdvIpa ke kauzala deza meM sAketa nagarI ke rAjA vajrasena aura rAnI zIlavatI ke hariSeNa nAmaka putra haa| jIvana ke

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa sAMdhyakAla meM usane zrIzrutasAgara nAma ke sadagurU se dIkSA lI aura Ayu pUrNa hone para mahAzukra svarga meM deva huaa| kanakojjvala paryAya 121 saudharma svarga se cayakara vaha deva isa bhUtala para paccIsaveM bhava meM kanakojjvala nAmaka rAjA huA / usakA vivAha usake mAmA harSa kI sarvaguNa sampanna atyanta sundara kanyA kanakAvatI se huaa| usake mana meM yuvAvasthAjanya vAsanAoM kA dvanda Arambha huaa| kabhI vaha apanI rUpavatI bhAryA ke guNoM kA smaraNa karatA, to kabhI purUravA aura siMha paryAya meM kiye gaye saMkalpa use udvelita karane lgte| eka dina vaha patnI kanakAvatI ke sAtha krIr3A karatA huA mahAmerU parvata para jina - caityoM kI pUjA ke liye gyaa| vahA~ para RddhidhArI avadhijJAnI munIzvara ko dekha unakI tIna parikramAyeM kI aura 'namo'stu' kahakara vaha unake pAda - mUla meM baiTha gayA / kanokojjvala kA ajJAna timira naSTa hone lagA aura bhItara ke prakAza se prakAzita ho usane kahA "he prabho! janma-maraNa ko dUra karane kA upAya batalAiye / ' munirAja bole- "vatsa ! ahiMsA, satya, Acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, -5 mahAvrata, IryA,-bhASA, - eSaNA, - AdAnanikSepaNa, - vyutsarga,- 5 samitiyA~, manogupti, vacanagupti evaM kAyagupti, 3 guptiyA~ ye teraha prakAra ke caritra ko vItarAgI muni dhAraNa karate haiM / yaha sAdhanA - mArga hI vItarAgatA kA mArga hai / " munirAja ke upadeza se digambara muni hokara vaha saMyama, tapa aura svAdh yAya ko siddhi meM saMlagna ho gyaa| anta meM samAdhi - pUrvaka prANa tyAga karake chabbIsaveM bhava meM lAntava svarga kA deva huA / hariSeNa paryAya kanakojjvala kA jIva lAntava svarga se cyuta ho kauzala deza meM ayodhyA - nagarI ke rAjA vajrasena aura unakI patnI zIlavatI ke hariSeNa nAma kA putra huaa| hariSeNa ke yuvA hone para mAtApitA aura maMtrI pariSad ne kaI sundara kanyAoM se usakA vivAha kara diyaa| vajrasena ne kumAra kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| vaha apanI dinacaryA niyata kara laukika aura pAramArthika

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122 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kAryoM kA saMcAlana karane lgaa| samyaktva kI nirmalatA ke liye devapUjana, zAstra-svAdhyAya evaM zrAvaka ke vratoM kA pramAda-rahita pAlana karate hue pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazI ko sabhI pApa kAryoM kA tyAga kara proSadhavrata pAlana karane lgaa| eka dina AkAza meM bAdaloM kA eka sundara dRzya dekhakara usakA mAnacitra aMkita karane lgaa| sahasA vAyu ke eka jhoMke ne usa meghapaTala ko kSaNa bhara meM titara-bitara kara diyaa| hariSeNa socane lagA- "aisA sundara dRzya jaba kSaNa bhara meM vilIna ho sakatA hai, taba isa jIvana kA kyA bharosA ? maiMne agaNita varSoM taka saMsAra ke sukhoM kA upabhoga kiyA hai, para tRpti nahIM huii| tRSNA aura AzA kI jalatI huI bhaTTI meM sabhI bhautikatAyeM kSaNa-bhara meM svAhA ho jAtI haiN| bhautika sabhyatA yA bhautika jIvana-mUlyoM ko jaba mAnava-jIvana kI tulA para taulA jAtA hai, to nirAzA hI prApta hotI hai| ye bhautika-sukha tyAjya haiN| ataH mAnava-jIvana meM AdhyAtmikatA ko apanAnA aura apanI Adha tmika-zakti ke vikAsa ke liye pUrNa prayatna karanA paramAvazyaka hai|" samyagdarzana ke prakAza ne usakI antarAtmA ko Alokita kara diyaa| vivekodaya ke kAraNa kaSAya aura vikAra dhUmila ho gye| parigraha kI Asakti ke tyAga ne usakI AtmA meM saMyama kI jyoti prajjvalita kara dii| ataeva usane munirAja se digambara-dIkSA dene kI prArthanA kii| anta meM samAdhimaraNa kara vaha mahAzukra nAmaka dazama svarga meM maharddhika deva huA aura vahA~ se cayakara manuSya-paryAya prApta kii| priyamitra cakravartI puNDarIkiNI nagarI meM sumitra gama kA rAjA aura suvratA nAma kI mahiSI thii| ina donoM ke vaha maharddhika deva priyamitra nAmaka putra huaa| pitA ne putra-janmotsava meM arhanta kI pUjA kara cAra prakAra kA dAna diyA aura gIta-nRtyAdi pUrvaka utsava sampanna kiyaa| yuvA hone para pitA ne usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| pUrva puNya ke prabhAva se use cakravartitva, aSTasiddhiyA~ evaM nava nidhiyA~ prApta huii|

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123 vIrodaya kA svarUpa isa vipula vaibhava ko prApta kara bhI priyamitra anAsakta rahatA thaa| use artha aura kAma purUSArtha sadoSa pratIta hote the| dharma purUSArtha kI ora hI usakA vizeSa jhukAva thaa| vaha nirantara zrAvakadharma kA sevana karatA huA mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM saMlagna rahatA thaa| pratidina devapUjana karatA huA, muniyoM ko prAsuka AhAra detA thaa| aharniza azubha vRttiyoM kA tyAga kara zubha vRttiyoM ko prApta karane kI ceSTA karatA thaa| sundara ramaNiyA~, ucca aTTAlikAe~, chiyAnvai karor3a grAma, udyoga zAlAe~ evaM gaja-azvAdi vaibhava use nissAra pratIta hote the| ___ eka dina vaha priyamitra cakravartI purajana-parijana ke sAtha kSemakara tIrthakara kI vandanA ke liye gyaa| samavazaraNa meM pahu~ca kara tIna pradakSiNAyeM dekara tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kI pUjA kii| unase cartugati ke duHkhoM kA varNana sunakara usakA viveka jAga utthaa| usane virakta hokara nirgrantha-dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| Ayu ke anta meM prANa tyAga kara sahasrAra nAmaka dvAdazama svarga meM sUryaprabha nAma kA mahAna deva huaa| nandabhava priyamitra ke janma meM rAjacakravartitva ko ThukarA kara unheM dharma cakravartI bananA abhISTa thaa| ataH mahAvIra kA jIva sadA Atma-zodhana meM pravRtta rhaa| usane svarga se cyuta ho chatrapura nagara ke rAjA nandivarddhana aura unakI puNyavatI rAnI vIramatI ke yahA~ nanda nAmaka putra ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| kizora hone para zastra aura zAstra-vidyA ke arjana hetu use gurU ke Azrama meM bhejA gyaa| vidyA aura kalAoM meM pAraMgata aura yuvA hone para usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA gyaa| pUrva-janmoM meM kI gaI sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa vaha apane samyaktva ko uttarottara nirmala banAne hetu prayatnazIla rahane lgaa| "samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna se hI AtmA yaha nizcaya karatI hai ki pudgala kA eka kaNa bhI merA apanA nahIM hai| maiM trikAlAvacchinna zuddha buddha rUpa huuN| zarIrAdi pudgala-dravyoM kI sattA sadA rahegI, para inake prati jo Asakti/mamatA hai, use dUra karanA hI purUSArtha hai| saMsAra atyanta duHkhoM kI khAna hai| kAma,

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124 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana krodha, lobha mohAdi sadA vicalita karate haiN| ataeva mujhe rAjya-vaibhava aura gRhasthI ke samasta dAyitvoM ko tyAgakara Atma-zodhana meM pravRtta honA caahiye| aba ina sAMsArika prapaMcoM meM pha~sanA mUrkhatA ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai|" aisA vicAra kara nanda ne samasta antaraMga aura bahiraMga parigraha kA tyAga kara nirgrantha-dIkSA le lii| tadanantara nandamuni ne zrutakevalI ke pAdamUla meM sthita hokara solahakAraNa bhAvanAoM kA cintana kara tIrthakara prakRti kA arjana kara liyaa| "edehi solasehi kAraNehi jIvo titthayaraNAmAgodaM kammaM baMdhadi' acyuta svarga kA indra anta meM samabhAvoM se zarIra tyAga kara acyuta svarga ke puSpottara vimAna meM vaha bAIsa sAgara kI Ayu vAlA acyutendra huaa| uttarapurANa meM bhI aisA hI kathana hai| bha. mahAvIra aura unakA samagra jIvanadarzana bAIsa sAgaroM taka divya sukhoM ko bhogakara vaha acyutendra antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nAma se isa vasudhA para avattIrNa huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samagra jIvana-darzana mAnava-mAtra ke liye bar3A preraka hai| unake vyaktitva ko loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA ne sajAyA thA, saMvArA thaa| ve apanI AMtarika zakti kA sphoTana kara pratikUla kaNTakAkIrNa mArga ko puSpAvarkIrNa banAne ke liye saceSTa the| unhoMne svayaM apane liye patha kA nirmANa kiyaa| ve nirjhara the| unhoMne kaThina se kaThina tapa kara, kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM para vijaya pAkara loka-kalyANa kA aisA ujjvala mArga prazasta kiyA, jo prANI mAtra ke liye sahaja gamya aura sulabha thaa|15 karmayogI mahAvIra ke vyaktitva meM karma-yoga kI sAdhanA kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| ve svayaM buddha the, jAgarUka the aura bodha-prApti ke liye svayaM prayatnazIla the| ve karmaTha the aura svayaM unhoMne patha kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| unakA jIvana bhaya, pralobhana, rAga-dveSa sabhI se mukta thaa| ve kabhI mRtyu-chAyA se AkrAnta

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 125 zamazAnabhUmi meM, kabhI giri-kandarAoM meM, kabhI gaganacumbI uttuMga parvatoM ke zikharoM para, kabhI, kala-kala, chala-chala ninAda karatI huI saritAoM ke taToM para aura kabhI janAkIrNa rAjamArga para kAyotsarga mudrA meM acala aura aDiga rUpa se dhyAnastha khar3e rahate the| unhoMne apanI zrama-sAdhanA aura tapa dvArA agaNita prakAra ke upasargoM ko sahana kiyaa| inake samakSa zAzvata virodhI prANI bhI apanA vairabhAva chor3akara zAnti kA anubhava karate the| dhanya hai mahAvIra kA yaha vyaktitva, jisane lauha-purUSa kA sAmarthya prApta kiyA aura jisake vyaktitva ke samakSa jAdU-maNi, mantra-tantra sabhI phIke the| adbhuta sAhasI mahAvIra ke samagra jIvana meM sAhasa aura sahiSNutA kA apUrva samAveza huA thaa| siMha, sarpa jaise hiMsaka jantuoM ke samakSa ve nirbhayatA pUrvaka upasthita ho unheM mauna rUpa meM udbodhita kara sanmArga para lAte the| mahAvIra ne bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha parivartita hote hue mAnavIya mUlyoM ko sthiratA pradAna kI aura prANiyoM meM nihita zakti kA udghATana kara unheM nirbhaya bnaayaa| unakI apUrva sahiSNatA aura anupama zAnti virodhiyoM kA hRdaya parivartita kara detI thii| ve pratyeka kaSTa kA sAhasa ke sAtha svAgata karate the| unake anupama dhairya ko dekhakara devarAja indra bhI natamastaka rahatA thaa| saMgama deva ne mahAvIra ke sAhasa kI aneka prakAra se parIkSA kI thii| karUNAmUrti __mahAvIra kA saMvedanazIla hRdaya karUNA se sadA dravita rahatA thaa| ve andha-vizvAsa, mithyA ADambara aura dharma ke nAma para hone vAle hiMsA-tANDava se atyanta dravIbhUta the| 'yajJIya-hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati', ke nAre ko badalane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa unhoMne liyA aura mAnavatA ke lalATa para akSaya kuMkuma kA vijaya-tilaka lgaayaa| hiMsA, asatya, zoSaNa, saMcaya aura kuzIla se trasta mAnava kI rakSA kii| vAstava meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA samagra jIvana karUNA kA apUrva samavAya thaa| mahAvIra jaisA karUNA kA masIhA isa dharAdhAma para kadAcit hI janma grahaNa kara skegaa| AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana kI yaha sabase

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126 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana advitIya vizeSatA thI ki isa dharA para koI prANI duHkhI na rahe, saba sukhI hoM aura sAre saMsAra kI rakSA ho - vizvasya rakSA prabhaveditIyadvIrasyasacchAsanamadvitIyam / samAzrayantIha dharAtale'sUnna ko'pi bhUyAdasukhIti teSu / / 1 / / -viiro.srg.16| divya tapasvI ___ mahAvIra ugra, ghora evaM divya tapasvI the| unakI tapa-sAdhanA viveka kI sImA meM samAhita thii| ve bAhya tapa ke hI sAdhaka nahIM, antas tapa ke bhI sAdhaka the| unakI tapasyA ke prabhAva se jIvana kI samasta azubha vRttiyA~ zubharUpa pariNata hokara zuddha rUpa ko prApta huI thiiN| lokakalyANa aura lokapriyatA ___ tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke kaNa-kaNa kA nirmANa AtmakalyANa aura lokahita ke liye huA thaa| lokakalyANa hI unakA iSTa thA aura yahI unakA lakSya thaa| unakA saMgharSa bAhya zatruoM se nahIM apitu antaraMga kAma, krodhAdi vAsanAoM se thaa| unhoneM zAzvata satya kI prApti ke liye rAjavaibhava, vilAsa, Amoda-pramoda Adi kA tyAga kiyA aura janakalyANa meM saMlagna huye| loka-kalyANa ke kAraNa hI unhoMne apUrva lokapriyatA prApta kI thii| manuSya to kyA, pazu-pakSI bhI unase prema karate the| lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA ke viSaya meM AcAryazrI ne likhA hai - svArthAccyutiH svasya vinAzanAya parArthatazcedapasampradAyaH / svatvaM samAlambya paropakArAnmanuSyatA'sau prmaarthsaaraa|| 11|| viiro-srg.17| svAvalambI mahAvIra 'apanA kArya svayaM karo' ke samarthaka the| svayaMkRta karma kA zubhAzubha phala vyakti ko akele hI bhoganA par3atA hai| karmAvaraNa ko chinna karane ke liye kisI anya kI sahAyatA apekSita nahIM hai| tIrthakara

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 127 mahAvIra ke vyaktitva meM svAvalambana aura svatantratA kI bhAvanA pUrNataH samAhita thii| ahiMsaka ahiMsaka vyaktitva kA prathama dRSTi-bindu sahaastitva aura sahiSNutA hai| sahiSNutA ke binA yaha astitva sambhava nahIM hai| jIvana kA vAstavika vikAsa ahiMsA ke Aloka meM hI hotA hai| vaira-vaimanasya, dveSa, kalaha, ghRNA, IrSyA, krodha, ahaMkAra Adi jitanI bhI vyakti aura samAja kI dhvaMsAtmaka vikRtiyA~ haiM, ve saba hiMsA ke hI rUpa haiN| manuSya kA antas hiMsA ke vividha prahAroM se nirantara ghAyala hotA rahatA hai| ina prahAroM ke zamana hetu unhoMne ahiMsaka dRSTi aura ahiMsaka vRtti jIvana meM apanA kara zata-pratizata yathArthatA pradAna kii| vIrodaya meM ahiMsaka AcaraNa ke sandarbha meM likhA hai ki - saMrakSituM prANabhRtAM mahIM sA vrajatyato'mbA jgtaamhiNsaa| hiMsA mitho bhakSitumAha tasmAtsarvasya zatrutvamupaityakasmAt / / 11 / / - vIro.sarga.161 ahiMsA sabhI prANiyoM kI saMsAra meM rakSA karatI hai| isaliye vaha mAtA kahalAtI hai| hiMsA rAkSasI pravRtti hai| ataH ahiMsA hI upAdeya hai| mahAvIra kA siddhAnta thA ki agni kA zamana agni se nahIM hotaa| isake liye jala kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isI prakAra hiMsA kA pratikAra hiMsA se nahIM, ahiMsA se honA caahiye| mahAvIra ne jagata ko bAhya hiMsA se rokane ke pUrva apane bhItara vidyamAna rAga-dveSa rUpa bhAva-hiMsA kA tyAga kiyA phalataH unake vyaktitva kA pratyeka aNu ahiMsA kI jyoti se jagamagA uThA sacamuca ahiMsA ke sAdhaka mahAvIra kA vyaktitva dhanya thA aura dhanya thI unakI saMcaraNa zakti / unakA ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmala AkAza ke samAna vizAla aura samudra ke samAna atala-sparzI thaa| dayA, prema aura vinamratA ne unakI ahiMsaka sAdhanA ko susaMskRta kiyA thaa|

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128 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana krAMtidRSTA krAnti kI cinagArI mahAvIra ke vyaktitva meM prArambha se thii| dharma ke nAma para hone vAlI hiMsAyeM aura samAja ke saMgaThana ke nAma para vidyamAna bheda-bhAva evaM Atma-sAdhanA ke sthAna para zarIra-sAdhanA kI pramukhatA ne mahAvIra ke mana meM kizorAvasthA se hI krAnti kA bIja vapana kiyA thaa| dharma aura darzana ke svarUpa ko auddhatya, svairAcAra, haTha aura durAgraha ne khaNDita kara diyA thaa| varga-svArtha kI dUSita bhAvanAoM se ahiMsA, maitrI aura aparigraha ko AtmasAt kara liyA thaa| phalataH samAja ke liye eka krAntikArI vyakti kI AvazyakatA thii| mahAvIra kA vyaktitva aisA hI krAntikArI thaa| vAstava meM unake krAntikArI vyaktitva ko prApta kara dharA pulakita ho uThI, zata-zata vasanta khila utthe| zraddhA, sukha aura zAnti kI triveNI, pravAhita hone lagI aura unake krAntikArI vyaktitva se koTi-koTi mAnava bhI kRtArtha huye| nissandeha patitoM aura giroM ko uThAnA, unheM gale se lagAnA aura kara-sparza dvArA unake vyaktitva ko pariSkRta kara denA yahI to krAntikArI kA lakSaNa hai| mahAvIra kI krAnti jar3a nahIM, sacetana thI, gatizIla thii| purUSottama mahAvIra purUSottama the| unake bAhya aura Abhyantara vyaktitvoM meM alaukika guNa samAviSTa the| niSkAma bhAva se janakalyANa karane ke kAraNa unakA Atmabala anupama thaa| ve saMsAra-sarovara meM rahate huye bhI kamalapatravat nirlipta the| unakA vyaktitva purUSottama vizeSaNa se yukta thaa| kyoMki brahmacarya kI utkRSTa sAdhanA aura ahiMsaka anuSThAna ne unako purUSottama banA diyA thaa| ve tapaHbhUta puruSotama the| zreSTha purUSocita sabhI guNoM kA unameM samavAya thaa| niHsvArtha mahAvIra ke vyaktitva meM niHsvArtha sAdhaka ke samasta guNa samaveta haiN| ve na upasargoM se ghabarAte the aura na parISaha sahana karane se hii| ve sabhI

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa ___ 129 prakAra ke svArtha aura vikAroM ko jItakara svatantra /mukta honA cAhate the| unakA mAnanA thA ki jo saMkalpa-vikalpoM se mukta huA hai aura jisane zarIra aura indriyoM para par3I huI paratoM ko haTAyA hai, vahI niHsvArtha jIvana-yApana kara sakatA hai| unake vyaktitva meM niHsvArtha pravRtti vidyamAna thii| ve dharmanetA, tIrthakara, upadezaka evaM saMsAra ke mArga-darzaka the| jo bhI unakI zaraNa yA chatrachAyA meM pahu~cA, use hI Atmika zAnti upalabdha huii| nissandeha ve vizva ke advitIya krAntikArI, tattvopadezaka aura jananetA the| unakI krAnti eka kSetra taka sImita nahIM thii| unhoMne sarvatomukhI krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kiyaa| inasabhI guNoM kI vivecanA karate huye AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM likhA hai - kintu vIraprabhurvIro helayA tAnatItavAn / jhaMjhAnilo'pi kiM tAvatkampayenmerUparvatam / / 36 / / -viiro.srg.10| vIra prabhu to vAstavika vIra the, unhoMne sabhI prasaMgoM ko kutuhalapUrvaka pAra karake merUparvata kI taraha vijaya prApta kI thii| isa prakAra mahAvIra kA samagra jIvana-darzana krAnti, tyAga, tapasyA, saMyama ahiMsA Adi se anuprANita thaa| sandarbha : 1. vIrodaya mahAkAvya prastAvanA, pR. 1-2 | 2. jJAnasAgara mahAkAvya eka adhyayana, pR. 27-36 | 3. vIrodaya mahAkAvya, sarga-4, zloka 57-60/ 4. pArAzara smRti- 8/321 5. manusmati - 9/3171 6-7. vIrodaya mahAkAvya- 17/17 | 8. vrAtyakANDa - (A. sAyaNa)

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130 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 9. bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, bhAratIya jJAna pITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa, pR. 39 | 10. samavAyaMga, samavAya- 134, patra 98 / 11. hIrAlAla siddhAnta zAstrI, vIrodaya mahAkAvya : prstaavnaa| 12. (ka) AvazyakacUrNi (kha) triSaSThi, 10/11 13. uttarapurANa 74/151 14. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, pR.- 28-581 15. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, pR. 604-610 /

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 131 pariccheda - 2 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA tAtkAlika rAjAoM para prabhAva tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne dharmAmRta kI varSA kevala rAjagRha ke Asa-pAsa hI nahIM kI, apitu unake samavazaraNa kA vihAra bhArata ke sudUravartI pradezoM meM bhI huA / harivaMzapurANa meM likhA hai ki jisa prakAra bhaktavatsala tIrthakara RSabhadeva ne aneka dezoM meM bihAra kara unheM dharma se yukta kiyA thA, usI prakAra antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne bhI vaibhava ke sAtha vihAra kara madhya ke kAzI, kauzala, kauzalya, pAMcAla, matsya, zUrasena Adi dezoM meM logoM ko dharma kI ora unmukha kiyaa| unhoMne vaizAlI, vaNija grAma, rAjagRha, nAlandA, mithilA, bhadrikA, alAmikA, zrAvastI aura pAvA meM vizeSa rUpa se dharmAmRta kI varSA kI thI / vipulAcala aura vaibhAragiri para bhI unakI divya dhvani kaI bAra huI thii| aneka rAjA - rAjakumAra aura rAjakumAriyoM ne Atma-kalyANa kA mArga grahaNa kiyA / 1 bhagavatIsUtra meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nAlandA, rAjagRha, paNiyabhUmi, siddhArthagrAma, kUryagrAma Adi meM padhArane kA ullekha hai / uvAsagadasAsUtra meM vaNijagrAma kI dharmasabhA meM Ananda aura usakI bhAryA zivAnandA inake upAsaka bane the | campA meM zrAvaka kAmadeva aura zrAvikA bhadrA, vArANasI meM zrAvaka cUlanipriya evaM sUradeva tathA zrAvikA zyAmA aura dhanyA, rAjagRha meM zrAvaka mahAzataka aura vijaya zrAvastI meM nandinIpriya aura zalatipriya upAsaka bane the / jaina-granthoM meM 18 gaNarAjyoM meM pramukha vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka, rAjagRha ke rAjasiMha zreNika (bimbasAra ) kUNika (ajAtazatru), kauzambI ke rAjA udayana, caMpA ke rAjA dadhivAhana, ujjayinI ke rAjA pradyota,

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132 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vItibhaya ke rAjA udrAyaNa, pATilaputra ke samrATa candragupta va ujjayinI ke samrATa saMprati Adi kA ullekha AtA hai, jo nirgrantha zramaNoM ke parama upAsaka mAne jAte haiN| inameM udrAya Adi rAjAoM ko mahAvIra ne zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| mahAvIra ke nAnA ceTaka kI sAta kanyAoM meM se prabhAvatI kA vivAha rAjA udrAyaNa ke sAtha, padmAvatI kA zatAnIka ke sAtha, zivA kA pradyota ke sAtha, jyeSThA kA mahAvIra ke bhrAtA nandivardhana ke sAtha aura cetanA kA zreNika bimbasAra ke sAtha huA thaa| vaibhava-vilAsa se pUrNa ina rAjagharAnoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| striyoM meM rAjA dadhivAhana kI putrI- caMdanabAlA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prathama ziSyA aura bhikSuNI-saMgha kI gaNinI banI thiiN| mahArAniyoM meM jayantI, mRgAvatI, aMgAravatI aura kAlI tathA rAjakumAroM meM meghakumAra, naMdiSeNa, abhayakumAra Adi mukhya haiN| zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM meM zaMkha, zataka, sulasA aura revatI Adi ullekhanIya haiN| kevalacaryA ke prathama varSa meM jaba mahAvIra vihAra kara rAjagRhI padhAre to vahA~ rAjA zreNika ne saparivAra rAjasI ThATha ke sAtha unakI AgavAnI kI thI tathA unake jJAnopadeza ko sunakara samyaktva prApta kiyA thaa| abhayakumAra Adi ne zrAvakadharma svIkArA thaa| nemIcandrakRta mahAvIracarita, parva 73-2 meM likhA hai esAI dhammakahaM sou seNiya nivoiyA bhvvaa| saMmattaM paDivannA keI puNa deza viryaaii|| 294 / / triSaSTizlAkApurUSacaritra parva 10, sarga 6 meM isa prakAra varNana milatA hai - zrutvA tAM dezanAM bhartuH samyaktvaM zreNiko'zrayat / zrAvaka-dharmatvamabhaya - kumArAdyAH prapedire / / 376 || mahAvIra ne kSatriya kuNDa-grAmoM meM bhI apane vacanAmRta se sabako vazIbhUta kara liyA thaa| RSabhadatta va devAnandA bhI mahAvIra ke vAtsalya se abhibhUta va dIkSita hokara tapaHsAdhanA karate hue mokSa ko prApta hue / kSatriya

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133 vIrodaya kA svarUpa kuNDa meM jamAli va priyadarzanA bhI apane-apane janasamUha ke sAtha bhagavAna se dIkSA grahaNa kara tapaHsAdhanA meM laga gyii| campAnagarI meM mahAvIra ke upadeza se mahArAja datta to prabhAvita hue hI, rAjakumAra 'mahAcandra bhI itanA adhika prabhAvita huA ki rAjya-vaibhava aura 500 rAniyoM ko tyAga kara pravrajyA svIkAra kara tapo-sAdhanA meM laga gyaa| rAjagRhI meM bhI rAjA zreNika ne bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha unakA svAgata kiyaa| jana-sambodhana ke lie bar3I sundara vyavasthA kI gyii| apAra jana-samUha mahAvIra ke sadupadezoM se kRta-kRtya huaa| eka dina rAjA zreNika mahAvIra se jJAnacarcA ke samaya eka kor3hI ke vacanoM se bar3e cakita hue| apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna pAkara zreNika itane prabhAvita hue ki mahAvIra ke prati svayaM asIma zraddhA pUrvaka ghoSaNA karAI ki jo koI bhI bhagavAna ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa karegA, use ve yathocita sahayoga deNge| rAjA ceTaka evaM senApati siMha para (dharma) prabhAva vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kA vaMza to pahile se hI vIra bhagavAna ke mArga kA anuyAyI thaa| bhagavAna kA vahA~ vihAra hone se vaha aura bhI jainadharma meM dRr3ha ho gyaa| yathA - vaizAlyA bhUmipAlasya ceTakasya smnvyH| pUrvasmAdeva vIrasya mArga maaddhaukito'bhvt|| 1911 -viiro.srg.15| jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samavazaraNa vaizAlI meM pahu~cA to yahA~ ke mahArAja ceTaka aura rAnI subhadrA parivAra sahita tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI vaMdanA ke liye gye| unhoMne mahAvIra ke mukha se sunA- 'manuSya sahasroM durdAnta zatruoM para saralatA se vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai, para apane Upara vijaya pAnA kaThina hai| bAharI zatruoM ko parAsta karane se sukha-zAnti prApta nahIM hotI hai| sukha-zAnti to ahiMsAmaya vAtAvaraNa meM hI prApta hotI hai| . mahAvIra ke upadezoM se virakta hokara ceTaka ne bhI digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa kara vipulAcala parvata para tapazcaraNa prApta kiyaa| muni hone para

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vaizAlI kA Adhipatya unake putra ko prApta huA / ' senApati siMhabhadra bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI vandanA ke lie samavazaraNa meM pahu~cA aura vinayapUrvaka bolA- "prabho ! licchavI - rAjakumAra zAkya muni gautamabuddha kI prazaMsA karate haiM, unake mata ko acchA batAte haiM, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ?" tIrthakara mahAvIra kI vANI kI vyAkhyA karate hue indrabhUti gaNadhara kahane lage'gautamabuddha ke vacana mana ko lubhAne vAle indrAyaNa phala ke samAna sundara haiM para tuma to karma - siddhAnta ke zraddhAlu ho| tumheM akriyAvAdI gautama ke mata se kyA prayojana ? indrabhUti gaNadhara ne saMkalpI, ArambhI, udyogI aura virodhI hiMsAoM kA svarUpa senApati siMhabhadra ko batalAyA / ' siMhabhadra gaNadhara ke vacanoM se bahuta prabhAvita hue aura unhoMne zrAvaka ke vratoM ko grahaNa kara liyA / 134 rAjA jitazatru para prabhAva vaizAlI ke nikaTa sthita vANijya grAma kA rAjA jitazatru bhI mahAvIra kI divya-dhvani sunakara bahuta prabhAvita huA thA tathA unakA bhakta bana gayA thA / " 'teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM caMpA nAmaM nagarI hotthaa| jiyasattU raayaa|' campA:- kuNika, ajAtazatru, dadhivAhana aura karakaNDuka para prabhAvatIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA samavazaraNa jaba campA meM AyA taba vahAM kA rAjA kuNika ajAtazatru thA / mahAvIra kI vandanA ke uparAnta ajAtazatru ne pUchA- "prabho ! vizva ke loga lAbha ke hetu hI udyoga kyoM karate haiM ?" uttara meM dezanA huI" rAjan ! manuSya kA udyoga lAbha ke lie hI hotA hai / lAbha do prakAra ke hote haiM- laukika aura pAralaukika / Atmasukha anubhUti - gamya hai| isakI tulanA sAMsArika sukhoM se nahIM kI jA sktii|" ajAtazatru kuNika isa dezanA ko sunakara prabhAvita huA aura usane indrabhUti gautama ke nikaTa zrAvaka ke vrata grahaNa kara liye / teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM bhagavaM mahAvIre jAva samosarie parisA niggamA / kUNie rAyA jahA tahA jitasattU niggaccha i-niggacchatI jAva pajjuvAsai / /

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 135 rAjA dadhivAhana campAnagarI ke pratipAlaka rAjA dadhivAhana aura usakI rAnI padmAvatI bhI bha. mahAvIra ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara jainadharma kA pAlana karane lage the| yathA - campAyA bhUmipAlo'pi nAmato ddhivaahnH| padmAvatI priyA tasya vIrametau tu jmptii|| 18 / / -viiro.srg.15| rAjAkarakaNDu rAjA dadhivAhana kI patnI padmAvatI ko garbhAvasthA meM icchA huI ki vaha purUSaveza dhAraNa kara sira para chatra lagAkara varSA meM hAthI para baiThakara vihAra kre| rAjA ne rAnI kI icchA pUrti hetu kRtrima varSA kI vyavasthA kI aura sira para chatra lagAkara purUSaveza meM hAthI para baiThAkara rAjA senA ke * sAtha nagara ke bAhara niklaa| apanI janma sthalI vindhya-bhUmi kA smaraNa Ane se hAthI rAnI ko lekara vana kI ora bhAga gyaa| rAjA to campAnagarI lauTa Aye para hAthI nirjana vana meM calA gyaa| vahA~ rAnI ne sAdhviyoM ke upAzraya meM putra karakaNDu ko janma diyaa| navajAta zizu ko ratnakambala meM lapeTa kara zmasAna meM chor3akara rAnI chipakara baiTha gii| jaba zmasAna kA mAlika cANDAla bacce ko uThAkara le gayA to rAnI upAzraya meM sAdhviyoM ke yahA~ pahu~cI aura unase kahA- "mRta putra huA thA, maine use chor3a diyaa|" karakaNDu bar3A hokara kAMcanapura kA rAjA bnaa| rAjA dadhivAhana indrabhUti gautama se zAzvata sukha kA mArga jAnakara tIrthakara mahAvIra ke samozaraNa meM hI dIkSita ho gayA thA aura kAlAntara meM karakaNDu ne bhI virakta hokara dIkSA le lI thii| rAjA jIvandhara dakSiNa bhArata meM karnATaka ke hemAgaMda deza meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA samavarazaraNa phuNcaa| yahA~ ke suramalaya udyAna meM dharmasabhA judd'ii| jIvandhara ne atyanta samAroha pUrvaka vIrasaMgha kA svAgata kiyA aura parijanoM ke sAtha

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136 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana samavazaraNa meM praviSTa hue| vahA~ tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke upadezoM se itane adhika prabhAvita hue ki unhoMne mahArAnI gandharvadattA ke putra vasundhara kumAra ko rAjya dekara nandADhya, madhura Adi bhAiyoM aura mAmA ke sAtha digambara dIkSA le lii| anya rAjAoM para prabhAva arhaddAsa seTha ke suputra jambukumAra to (usI dina vivAha karake lAI huI apanI sarva striyoM ko sambodhana kara) bhagavAna se dIkSA lekara gaNanAyaka bne| jambUkumAra ke sAtha vidyuccora bhI apane pA~ca sau sAthiyoM ke sAtha zramaNapanA aMgIkAra kara AtmajJAna ko prApta huaa| sUryavaMzI rAjA dazaratha aura usakI rAnI suprabhA vIra-zAsana ko svIkAra kara jainadharma-parAyaNa hue| rAjapuryA adhIzAno jIvako mahatAM mhaan| zrAmaNyamupayuJjAno nirvRttiM gatavAnitaH / / 24 / / zreSThino'pyarhaddAsasya nAmnA jambUkumArakaH / dIkSAmataH samAsAdya gnnnaayktaamgaat|| 25 / / vidyuccauro'pyataH paJcazatasaMkhyaiH svasArthibhiH / samaM sametya shraamnnymaatmbodhmgaadsau|| 2611 sUryavaMzIyabhUpAlo ratho'bhUddazapUrvakaH / suprabhA mahiSItyasya jaindhrmpraaynnaa|| 27 / / -vIro.sarga.151 isa prakAra bhAratavarSa ke aneka rAjAoM ko prabhAvita karatA bha. mahAvIra-rUpa dharma-sUrya ke vacana-rUpa kiraNoM kA samUha saMsAra meM satya tattva kA pracAra karatA huA sarva ora phailaa| . yadyapi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza vizva-mAtra ke kalyANa ke lie the, kintu jina logoM ne ise dhAraNa kiyA, ve usake anuyAyI kahe jAne lge| unake maMgalakArI upadeza prANImAtra natamastaka ho zraddhApUrvaka

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 137 zravaNa karatA thaa| unakI upakArI vANI prANiyoM ke hRdaya kA kAluSya sahaja hI dUra karatI thii| janatA ne sahasrAbdiyoM ke bAda pahalI bAra dharma kI vyApaka lokopayogitA samajhI thii| unakI preraNA aura udbodhana se zoSaNa aura vargabheda kI pravRtti samApta ho gaI thii| tathA ahiMsA aura saMyama kI aparAjeya zaktiyA~ vikasita ho gaI thiiN| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne lagabhaga tIsa varSoM taka dharmAmRta kA varSaNa kara tatkAlIna samAja ko tRpta kiyaa| gRhastha dharma evaM muni dharma kA varNana karttavyAkarttavya ke viSaya meM AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara ne likhA hai ki gRhastha ke AjIvikA kA abhAva hI akRtya hai aura sAdhu ko AjIvikA karanA bhI akRtya hai| rAjA hokara yadi duSToM ko daNDa na de to yaha usakA akRtya hai aura yadi rAjyAparAdhiyoM ko muni daNDa dene lage to yaha usakA akRtya hai| dharma do prakAra kA hai (1) gRhastha dharma (2) munidhrm| saMsAravartI gRhasthoM ke aNuvrata hote haiM aura gRhatyAgI muniyoM ke mahAvrata hote haiN| gRhastha-dharma gRhastha dharma ke liye prAkRta granthoM meM sAvaya, sAvaga aura uvAsaga tathA saMskRta granthoM meM zrAvaka, upAsaka aura sAgAra zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ukta AdhAra para gRhastha dharma ko sAvayadhamma, zrAvakAcAra, upAsakAcAra, sAgAradharma Adi nAma liye gaye haiN| tathA gRhasthAcAra viSayaka granthoM ke zrAvakAcAra, upAsakAdhyayana, upAsakAcAra sAgAradharmAta Adi nAma rakhe gaye haiN| kucha anya grantha, jinameM zrAvakAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, inase bhinna nAmoM se bhI likhe gye| jaise- samantabhadra kA ratnakaraNDaka, amRtacandra kA purUSArthasiddhayupAya aura padmanandi kI paMcaviMzatikA / gRhastha dharma, muni- dharma kI nIMva hai, kyoMki isI para hI muni-AcAra kA bhavya prAsAda khar3A hotA hai| eka gRhastha hI bAda meM muni-dIkSA dhAraNa karake mokSa prApta karatA hai| jaina-zAstroM meM likhA hai ki gRhastha-dharma kA pAlana vahI kara sakatA hai jo nyAya se dhana kamAtA hai, guNIjanoM kA Adara karatA hai, mIThI

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138 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vANI bolatA hai, dharma, artha, aura kAma kA sevana isa rIti se karatA hai ki ve eka dUsare meM bAdhaka nahIM hote, lajjAzIla hotA hai, sadaAhAra-vihAra se yukta hotA hai, sadA sajjanoM kI saMgati meM rahatA hai aura zAstrajJa, kRtajJa, dayAlu, pApabhIrU aura jitendriya hotA hai| jaina-gRhastha ke ATha mUlaguNa hote haiN| ahiMsA, satya acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparagriha kA ekadeza pAlana tathA mAMsa, madhu aura madirA kA sarvathA tyAga inheM hI mUlaguNa kahA jAtA hai| mAMsa khAnA, prANiyoM ko mAranA, dUsaroM ko svAmitva vAlI vastu kA apaharaNa karanA ityAdi niMdya kArya saMsAra meM kisI bhI prANI ke lie karane yogya nahIM hai| paMcANuvrata jainadarzana meM muniyoM ke aTThAIsa mUlaguNa aura gRhasthoM ke bAraha vrata nirdhArita hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha- ina pAMca guNoM kA sthUlarUpa se eka deza tyAga karanA aNuvrata kahalAtA hai, aura sarvadeza tyAga karanA mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai| gRhasthoM/zrAvakoM ko aNuvrata aura muniyoM ko mahAvrata kahe gaye haiN| 1. ahiMsANuvrata ___ mana, vacana kAya, kRta, kArita, anumodanA se saMkalpa-pUrvaka kisI trasa jIva ko nahIM mAranA ahiMsANuvrata kahalAtA hai| ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM (53) meM isakA svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA hai - mana, vacana, kAya, kRta, kArita, anumodanA se saMkalpa ke dvArA trasa-jIvoM kA ghAta nahIM karatA hai, use "sthUla-vadha-viramaNa" kahate haiN| ahiMsANuvrata kA yaha paripUrNa lakSaNa hai| uttarakAla meM bhI isameM kucha ghaTAne yA bar3hAne kI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM huI, kintu sarvArthasiddhi meM trasa jIvoM ke prANoM kA ghAta na karane vAle ko ahiMsANuvratI kahA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM triyA pada jor3akara mana, vacana, kAya yA kRta, kArita, anumodanA kA nirdeza kara diyA gayA hai, kintu saMkalpa kA ullekha usameM bhI nhiiN|' 2. satyANuvrata A. samantabhadra, ne ratnakaraNDaka meM likhA hai, jo sthUla jhUTha na to

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 139 svayaM bolatA hai, na dUsaroM se bulavAtA hai, use santa jana sthUlamRSAvAda viramaNa kahate haiM - sthUlamalIkaM na vadati na parAn vAdayati satyamapi vipade / yattadvadanti santaH sthUlamRSAvAda - vairamaNam / / 55 / / -rtn.shraa.| manusmRti meM kahA hai ki - satya bolo, vaha bhI priya bolo, apriya satya na bolo tathA priya hone para bhI asatya na bolo- yahI sanAtana dharma satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt na brUyAt stympriym| priyaM ca nAnRtaM brUyAd eSa dharmaH snaatnH|| -manusmRti a. 4 3. acauryANuvrata acauryaNuvrata ke liye kundakunda ne sthUla Adatta-parihAra tathA samantabhadra ne akRzacaurya uparamaNa nAma diye haiN| 'cAujjAmasaMvara meM adiNNAdAna viramaNa' nAma AyA hai| saMskRta granthoM meM ise 'adattAdAna viramaNa' kahA hai| A. samantabhadra ne kahA hai - "kisI kI rakhI huI bhUlI huI, yA girI huI vastu ko na svayaM lenA ora na uThA kara dUsare ko denA acauryAguNavrata hai| nihitaM vA patitaM vA suvismRtaM vA parasvamavisRSTam / na harati yanna ca datte tadakRzacauryAdRpAramaNam / / 57 / / -ratna. shraa.| 4. brahmacaryANuvrata caturtha aNuvrata ke liye paradAra-nivRtti, svadAra-santoSa, sthUla brahmacArI Adi nAma Aye haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne 'paramahilA-parihAra nAma diyA hai| samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDaka meM likhA hai ki "jo pApa

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140 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana samajhakara na to para striyoM ke pAsa svayaM jAtA hai aura na dUsaroM ko bhejatA hai, use paradAra-nivRtti yA svadAra-santoSa vrata kahate haiM"na ca paradArAn gacchati na parAn gamayati ca paapbhiiteryt| sA paradAranivRtiH svdaarsntossnaamaapi|| 59 / / -rtn.shraa.| pUjyapAda devanandi ne sarvArthasiddhi meM likhA hai ki gRhIta yA agRhIta parastrI ke sAtha rati na karanA gRhastha kA cauthA aNuvrata hai|" amRtacandra ne purUSArthasidyupAya meM likhA hai ki jo mohavaza apanI strI ko chor3ane meM asamartha hai, unheM bhI zeSa saba striyoM kA sevana nahIM karanA caahiye|" somadeva ne upAsakAdhyayana meM likhA hai ki vadhu aura vitta-strI ko chor3akara anya saba striyoM ko mAtA, bahana aura putrI samajhanA gRhastha kA brahmacarya hai| 5. parigraha paramANANuvrata AcArya kunda-kunda ne paMcama aNuvrata kA nAma parigrahAraMbhaparimANa diyA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM mUrchA ko parigraha kahA hai aura sarvArthasiddhi meM usakI vyAkhyA karate hue bAhya gau, bhaiMsa, muktA vagairaha cetana-acetana aura rAgAdi bhAvoM ke saMrakSaNa arjana Adi rUpa vyApAra ko mUrchA kahA hai| 'vaha merA hai' aisA saMkalpa hone para saMrakSaNa Adi kiyA jAtA hai, usameM hiMsA avazya hotI hai| usake liye manuSya jhUTha bolatA hai| corI karatA hai| maithuna-karma meM pravRtta hotA hai| parigraha kI bhAvanA kA mUla mamatva-bhAva hai| isalie use hI parigraha kahA hai| kintu dhana, dhAnya Adi bAhya vastu usa mamatva-bhAva meM kAraNa hotI hai, isalie unheM bhI parigraha kahA hai| AcArya amitagati ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai ki loka meM saba Arambha parigraha ke liye kiye jAte haiN| jo parigraha kama karatA hai vaha samasta ArambhoM ko kama karatA hai| sarvArambhA loke saMpadyante prigrhnimittaaH| svalpayate yaH saMgaM svalpayati saH sarvabhArammam / / 90 / /

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa guNavata guNavrata aSTamUla guNoM meM guNavRddhi yA dRr3hatA karate haiM, isalie inako guNavrata kahate haiN| AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM digvrata, dezavrata aura anarthadaNDavrataM ina tIna guNavratoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne ratkaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM digvrata, anarthadaNDavrata aura bhogApabhogaparimANavrata ina tInoM ko guNavrata mAnA hai| 1. digvata sUkSma pApoM se bhI bacane ke lie dazoM dizAoM meM AvAgamana kI maryAdA karake, usase bAhara jIvana-paryanta nahIM jAnA digvata kahalAtA digvalayaM parigaNitaM, kRtvAto'haM bahirna yaasyaami| iti saMkalpo digvatamAmRtyaNupApavinivRtyai / / 68 / / -ratna.zrA. 2. anarthadaNDavrata digvrata meM kI huI maryAdA ke bhItara, jinase dharma, yaza, sukha aura lAbha kucha bhI nahIM hotA, aisI niSphala pApabaMdha ke kAraNa, mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti se virakta honA anarthadaNDavrata kahalAtA hai| prayojana-rahita, pApasahita bhogoM se nivRtta hone ko anarthadaNDavrata kahate haiN| isake pA~ca bheda haiM - 1. pApopadeza - hiMsA, Arambha aura chala Adi meM pravartaka kathAoM kA bAra-bAra prasaMga utthaanaa| 2. hiMsAdAna - hiMsA ke upakaraNa talavAra Adi kA daan| 3. apadhyAna - dUsaroM kA burA caahnaa| 4. duHzruti - rAga-dveSa bar3hAne vAle khoTe zAstroM kA sunnaa| 5. pramAdacaryA - binA prayojana ke idhana-udhara ghUmanA, pRthvI khodanA Adi pramAdacaryA haiN| ina pAMcoM ke tyAga ko anarthadaNDavrata kahate haiN|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 142 3. bhogopabhogaparimANANuvrata jo eka bAra bhogane meM Aye use bhoga aura jo bAra - bAra bhogane meM Aye use upabhoga kahate haiN| eka bAra bhoge jAne valo padArtha bhojana, puSpa, gandha Adi hote haiN| bAra- bAra bhogane vAle AbhUSaNa vastra Adi hote haiN| inakI sImA kA nizcita karanA bhogApabhogaparimANANuvrata hai| vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM gRhastha yA zrAvaka ke dharmAnusAra karaNIya kAryoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki gRhastha avasthA meM rahate hue prANImAtra para maitrIbhAva guNIjanoM para pramodabhAva aura duHkhI jIvoM para karUNAbhAva rakhanA caahie| virodhiyoM para samatAbhAva rakhate hue prasannacitta ho jIvana yApana karanA caahie| sabhI se snehamaya vyavahAra karanA cAhie / rUkhA yA Adara - rahita vyavahAra kisI ke bhI sAtha nahIM karanA cAhie / samIkSya nAnAprakRtInmanuSyAn kadarthibhAvaH kamathApyanusyAt / sambhAvayannityanukUlacetA naTAyatAmaGgiSu yaH pracetAH / / 34 / / - vIro.sarga.18 / gRhastha ko apane mana ko sadA komala rakhate hue sabhI ke sAtha bhadratA va namratA kA vyavahAra karanA caahie| madya, mAMsa, Adi bhAdaka vastuoM kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| sAMsArika kAryoM se samaya bacA kara dharma - kArya bhI karanA cAhiye / jAti - kula kA mada nahIM karanA cAhiye / svArthI tathA dhana kA dAsa nahIM bananA cAhiye / kintu lokopakArI yaza ke bhI kucha kAma karane cAhie / pApoM se bacane ke liye dUsaroM ke prati IrSyA-dveSa Adi nahIM karanA cAhie / vahAvaziSTaM samayaM na kArya manuSyatAmaJca kulantu nArya ! | nArthasya dAso yazasazca bhUyAd dhRtvA tvadhe nAnyajane'bhyasUyAm / / 37 / / - vIro. sarga. 18 | sAMsArika bAhya vastuoM para adhikAra pAne ke lie mana para apanA adhikAra rakhate hue dUsaroM ke doSoM ko nahIM kahanA cAhiye / ahaMbhAva ko chor3a deN| isa chala chidroM se bhare saMsAra meM kRtajJatA prakaTa kreN|

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143 vIrodaya kA svarUpa mano'dhikuryAnna tu bAhyavargamanyasya doSe svidvaagvisrgH| muJcedahantAM paratAM samaJcetkRtajJatAyAM mahatI-prapance / / 38 / / -vIro.sarga. 18 / gRhastha kisI bhI bAta ko acchI taraha jA~ca kara hI ucita anucita kA nirNaya le| isa prakAra kI jIvana caryA se gRhastha kA ihaloka va paraloka donoM sudhara jAte haiN| zrutaM vigAlyAmbu ivAdhikuryAdetAddazI gehabhRto'stu cryaa| tadA punaH svargala eva gehaH kramo'pi bhUyAditi naanytheh|| 39 / / evaM samullAsitalokayAtraH saMnyastatAmanta iyaadthaatr| samujjhitAzeSaparicchado'pi amutra siddhayai duritaiklopii|| 40 / / nigopayenmAnasamAtmanInaM zrIdhyAnavapre sutarAmadInam / ityeSa bhUyAdamairo vipazcinna syAtpunArayitA'sya kazcit / / 41 / / -viiro.srg.18| gRhastha isa prakAra dharmAnusAra jIvana vyatIta karate hue anta samaya meM paraloka kI siddhi ke lie sarva parijana va parigrahAdi ko chor3akara tathA pAMcoM pApoM kA sarvathA tyAga kara sanyAsa dazA ko svIkAra kareM arthAt sAdhu banakara samAdhi pUrvaka apane prANoM kA visarjana kreN| ___sanyAsa dazA meM sAdhaka apane mana ko dRr3hatApUrvaka zrI vItarAga prabhu ke dhyAna rUpa koTa meM surakSita rakhe aura sarva saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA tyAga kre| aisA karane vAlA sAdhaka vidvAn niyama se ajara-amara bana jaayegaa| jo manuSya sanmArga-gAmI banegA vaha unnati ke ucca pada ko avazya prApta hogaa| 6. zikSAvrata dezAvakAzikaM vA sAmAyikaM proSadhopavAso vaa| vaiyyAvRtyaM zikSAvratAni catvAri shissttaani|| 91 / / -ratna. shraa.|

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144 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. dezAvakAzika, 2. sAmAyika, 3. proSadhopavAsa, 4. vaiyAvRtya- ye cAra zikSAvrata kahe gaye haiN| muni vrata kI zikSA ke liye jo vrata hote haiM, ve zikSAvrata kahalAte haiN| prayatnapUrvaka sAmAyika karanA, proSadhopavAsa dhAraNa karanA, atithisaMvibhAga aura Ayu kSaya hone para sallekhanA dhAraNa karanA ye cAra zikSAvrata haiN| 1. dezAvakAzika zikSAvrata maryAdita deza meM niyata kAla taka rahanA 'dezAvakAza' kahalAtA hai| dezAvakAza jisa prakAra kA prayojana hai, use 'dezAvakAzika vrata' kahate haiN| prANI ko pratidina prAtaHkAla samaya kI avadhi meM lekara apane yAtAyAta kI sImA nizcita kara kSetra ko saMkucita kara lenA caahie| 2. sAmAyika zikSAvrata maryAdA ke bAhara tathA bhItara ke kSetra meM sarvatra hI samasta mana, vacana, kAya, kRta, kArita, anumodanA dvArA kArya kI maryAdA karake pA~ca pApoM kA pUrNa tyAga karanA 'sAmAyika zikSAvrata kahalAtA hai| 3. proSadhopavAsa zikSAvrata cAroM prakAra ke AhAroM kA tyAga karanA 'upavAsa kahalAtA hai, tathA eka bAra bhojana karanA proSadha kahalAtA hai| dhAraNA, pAraNA ke dina ekAzana ke sAtha parva ke dina jo upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha proSadhopavAsa hai| ekAsana ke sAtha aSTamI va caturdazI ko upavAsa karanA bhI proSadhopavAsa hai| 4. atithisaMvibhAga zikSAvrata pUrva-sUcanA ke binA parigraha-rahita aura samyagdarzanAdi guNoM se yukta jo munirAja ghara Ate haiM, ve atithi. kahe jAte haiN| inake liye AdarapUrvaka bhikSA, upakaraNa Adi denA atithisaMvibhAga hai| aSTa mUlaguNa mukhya guNoM ko "mUla-guNa" kahA jAtA hai| jaise nIMva ke binA makAna kI sthiti nahIM hotI, jar3a ke binA vRkSa kI sthiti nahIM ho sktii|

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa usI prakAra mUlaguNoM ke binA zrAvaka kI saMjJA nahIM bana sakatI / pratyeka zrAvaka ke liye pA~ca aNuvratoM kA pAlana aura madya, mAMsa, madhu kA tyAga ye ATha mUlaguNa Avazyaka haiN| madya-mAMsa-pAMca udumbara phala aura rAtribhojana ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha jIvadayA kA pAlana karanA, pAnI chAnakara pInA aura paMcaparameSThiyoM ko namaskAra karanA pratyeka gRhastha kA anivArya kartavya hai / bhakSya - abhakSya vimarza 1. jinake khAne se trasa jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai ve padArtha trasa hiMsAkAraka abhakSya kahalAte haiN| jaise paJca udambara phala, dhuna lagA anna, amaryAdita vastu jisameM barasAta meM phaphUMdI laga jAtI hai| aisI koI bhI khAne kI cIjeM, caubIsa ghaMTe ke bAda kA murabbA - AcAra, bar3I, pApar3a aura dvidala Adi ke khAne se trasa - jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai / (kacce dUdhA meM yA kacce dUdha se bane hue dahI meM do dAla vAle mU~ga, ur3ada, canA Adi anna kI banI cIja milAne se dvidala banatA hai / ) 2. jisa padArtha ke khAne se ananta sthAvara jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai use sthAvara hiMsA kAraka abhakSya kahate haiN| jaise pyAja, lahasuna, AlU, mUlI Adi kaMdamUla tathA tucchaphala khAne se anantoM sthAvara jIvoM kA ghAta ho jAtA hai| 3. jisake khAne se pramAda yA kAma vikAra bar3hatA hai ve pramAda - kAraka abhakSya haiN| 4. jo padArtha bhakSya hone para bhI apane liye hitakara na hoM ve aniSTa haiN| jaise bukhAra vAle ko haluA va jukAma meM ThaNDI cIjeM hitakara nahIM haiN| 5. jo padArtha sevana yogya na hoM ve bhI abhakSya (lAra, mUtrAdi) haiN| abhakSya 22 haiM olA, ghora, baDA, nizibhojana, bahubIjA, baigana, sandhAna / bar3a, pIpala, Umara, kaThaUmara, pAkara, phala yA hoya ajAna / / kaMdamUla, mATI, viSa, AmiSa, madhu, mAkhana aura madirApAna / phala atituccha, tuSAra, calita-rasa ye bAIsa amakSya hu jAna / / burI AdatoM ko kahate haiN| ye sAta prakAra ke haiN| 1. juA vyasana -- 145 -

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146 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana khelanA, 2. zarAba pInA, 3. mAMsa khAnA, 4. vezyA sevana karanA, 5. zikAra khelanA, 6. corI karanA, 7. parastrI sevana krnaa| ___ aSTa mUlaguNoM, bhakSyAbhakSya-vimarza, vyasana Adi kA yadyapi AcAryazrI ne alaga-alaga ullekha nahIM kiyA hai phira bhI mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM unhoMne sabhI ke lie ucita-anucita kAryoM kA saMketa avazya kiyA hai| jaise - palAsyAzanaM cAnakAGgiprahAraH sanAg vA praadhisstthitsyaaphaarH| na kasyApi kArya bhavejjIvaloke tatastatpravRttiH patetkinaso'ke / / 21|| -vIro.sarga.16 / isa zloka meM AcAryazrI ne likhA hai ki mA~sa khAnA, niraparAdha prANiyoM ko mAranA, dUsare ke svAmitva vAlI vastu kA apaharaNa karanA ityAdi niMdya kArya saMsAra meM kisI ko bhI karane yogya nahIM haiN| ina duSkRtyoM meM pravRtti karane vAlA kyoM na pApa-garta meM giregA ? isaliye vyakti ko mAMsa Adi kA bhakSaNa nahIM karanA caahie| inakA sarvathA tyAga hI pApa ke daNDa se bacane kA upAya hai| pale vA dalevA'stu ko'sovizeSaH dvaye prANino'GgaprakArasya leshH| vadannityanAdeyamuccAramattu payovanna kiM tatra tatsambhavattu / / 23 / / -viiro.srg.16| ataH prANI-janita vastuoM meM jo pavitra hotI haiM vahI grAhya haiM, apavitra nhiiN| ataH zAka-patra va dUdha grAhya haiM, mA~sa aura gobara grAhya nahIM dalAdyagninA siddhamaprAsukatvaM tyajedityadaH sthAvarAGgasya tttvm| palaM jaGgamasyAGgametattu pakvamapi prAghadaM prAsukaM tatpunaH kva / / 24 / / -viiro.srg.16| zAka-patra Adi agni meM pakane ke bAda prAsuka (nirjIva) ho jAte haiM, kyoMki ve sthAvara aikendriya jIva ke aMga haiM, kintu mAMsa calate-phirate jaMgama jIvoM ke zarIra kA aMga hai, vaha agni meM pakane para bhI prAsuka nahIM

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147 vIrodaya kA svarUpa hotA, isalie zAkapatrAdi grAhya haiM, mAMsAdi nahIM / AcAryazrI ne inameM bheda T karate hue kahA hai ki zAka pakAne para mAMsa ke samAna durgandha nahIM AtI hai tathA zAkapatrAdi mAMsa ke samAna jala se sar3hate bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki unakI utpatti jala se hotI hai| isa prakAra zAkapatrAdi va mAMsa meM bheda hai, phira bhI mAMsa khAne vAle ke durAgrahiyoM ko isakA kadAcit bhI viveka nahIM hai / na zAkasya pAke palasyeva pUtirna ca kledabhAvo jalenAttasUtiH / iti spaSTabhedaH punazcApi khedaH durIhAvato jAtucinnAsti vedaH / / 2511 - vIro. sarga. 16 / kucha munaSya mAMsa zAkapatrAdi meM pratyakSoM bheda dekhate - jAnate hue bhI mAMsa khAnA nahIM chor3ate / yahI unakI indriyAdhIna pravRtti hai aura usake vaza hokara ajJAna se kutarka karake mAMsa jaisI niMdya vastu ko uttama batAte haiM isI bhAva ko isa zloka meM prakaTa kiyA hai yadajJAnato 'tarkya vastu prazastiH / tadevendriyAdhInavRttitvamasti vipattiM pataGgAdivatsamprayAti sa pazcAttapan sarvavittulyajAtiH / / 26 / / - vIro.sarga.16 / vIrodaya meM bhakSyAbhakSya para AcAryazrI ne apane vicAra saMkSepa meM prastuta kiye haiM, inhIM vicAroM ko spaSTa rUpa dene ke lie unhoMne "sacitta - vivecana evaM sacitta- vicAra" nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kI / eka anya zloka meM bhI aise hI vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM ki saMsAra meM manuSya ko pUjanIya bananA hai, to mana ko komala rakho, madya Adi mAdaka vastuoM kA sevana kabhI nA karo, palAza (DhAka - vRkSa) kI asaphalatA ko dekhakara pala (mAMsa) kA bhakSaNa kabhI na karo aura rAtri meM bhojana karake kauna - bhalA AdamI nizAcara bananA cAhegA ? koI bhI nahIM - kuryAnmano yanmahanIyamaJce namadyaza: saMstavanaM samaJcet / dRSTvA palAzasya kilAphalatvaM ko nAma vAJchecca nizAcaratvam / / 36 / / - vIro.sarga. 18 /

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __mAMsa-bhakSaNa aura rAtribhojana-tyAga ke sAtha hI AcAryazrI ne jala chAnakara pIne kI bAta bhI eka zloka (29/18) meM kahI hai| sunI huI bAta ko jala ke samAna chAnakara svIkAra kareM, sahasA sunI bAta para . vizvAsa na kareM, khUba chAnabIna kara ucita-anucita kA nirNaya kreN| jo manuSya ina pApoM meM lipta rahatA hai, aura viparIta AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha saMsAra ke duHkha-garta meM giratA hai/duHkha bhogatA hai| isake viparIta manuSya sanmArgI hokara ucca pada prApta karatA hai| muni-dharma munirAja aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karate haiN| samasta Arambha-parigraha se rahita hote haiN| ve chahoM kAya ke jIvoM kA ghAta nahIM karate aura rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha Adi bhAvoM ko utpanna nahIM hone dete| apane prANoM para saMkaTa Ane para bhI jhUTha nahIM bolate, binA dI huI koI vastu nahIM lete| pUrNa zIla kA pAlana karate haiM, antaraMga bahiraMga parigraha ke tyAgI hote haiM zuddhi hetu kamaNDalu aura prANi-rakSA ke liye mayUra-paMkha kI picchi rakhate haiN| chaha Avazyaka guNa, samatA, vandanA, stuti, pratikramaNa, svAdhyAya, kAryotsarga/zeSa sAta guNa, snAna-tyAga, bhUmi zayana, nagna rahanA, kezaloMca karanA, khar3e rahakara, dina meM eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karanA, dAtona nahIM karanA, tIna guptiyoM kA pAlanA, sAta bhaya kA tyAga, ATha madoM kA tyAga, bAIsa parISahoM ko sahanA, caritra, dharma, anuprekSA se yukta honA ye muniyoM ke Avazyaka guNa batalAye gaye haiN| paMca mahAvrata- mukhya vratoM ko mahAvrata kahate haiN| mokSa prApti ke kAraNabhUta hiMsAdi ke tyAga ko vrata kahate haiN| jinako zrAvaka aNuvrata ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM, unakA munirAja pUrNa rUpa se pAlana karate haiM, unheM mahAvrata kahate haiM inake pA~ca bheda haiM - ko 1. ahiMsA mahAvrata, 2. satya mahAvrata, 3. acaurya mahAvrata, 4. brahmacarya mahAvrata, 5. aparigraha mahAvrata

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 149 1. ahiMsAmahAvrata - kaSAya yukta mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti ko "pramatta yoga" kahate haiM, pramatta yoga se daza prANoM kA viyoga karanA hiMsA hai - aisI hiMsA se virata honA, saba prANiyoM para pUrNa dayA karanA ahiMsA mahAvrata haiN| jainadharmAmRta meM ahiMsA mahAvrata kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kahA hai janmakAya - kulAkSAdyairjJAtvA satvatatiM shruteH| tyAgastrizuddhayA hiMsAdeH sthAnAdau syaadhiNsnm|| 8||14 _ -sarvArtha siddhi.7/201 janma, kAya, kula aura indriya Adi ke dvArA zAstrAnusAra jIvoM ke samudAya ko jAnakara unakI hiMsA Adi kA mana, vacana ora kAya se sarvathA tyAga karanA ahiMsA mahAvrata hai| dravya tathA bhAva hiMsA kA sthUla va sUkSmarUpa se tyAga kara SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA karanA ahiMsA mahAvrata hai| 2. satya mahAvrata - prANiyoM ko jisase pIr3A ho aisA bhASaNa, cAhe vidyamAna padArtha viSayaka ho athavA na ho usakA tyAga karanA satya mahAvrata hai| jainadharmAmRta meM satya mahAvrata ke viSaya meM likhA hai- ki rAgadveSAdi se utpanna asatya ko, para ke ahitakara vacana ko aura tatvoM kA anyathA kathana karane vAle vacana ko chor3akara yathArtha vacana kahanA satya mahAvrata hai| rAgadveSAdijAsatyamutsRjyAnyAhitaM vcH| satyaM tattvAnyathoktaM ca vacanaM satyamuttamam / / 4 / / -purUSArtha si.u. 118 / 3. acaurya mahAvrata bahvalpaM kA paradravyaM grAmAdau patitAdikam / adattaM yattadAdAnaM varjanaM steyavarjanam / / 5 / / -upAsakA a.zloka 405 |

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150 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana binA diye hue kisI bhI vastu kA grahaNa na karanA acaurya mahAvrata hai| binA diye nagara, grAma, parvata para gire, rakhe yA bhUle hue bahuta yA alpa paradravya ko grahaNa nahIM karanA acaurya mahAvrata kahalAtA hai| 4. brahmacarya mahAvrata rAgalokakathAtyAgaH sarvastrIsthApanAdiSu / mAtA'nujA tanUjeti matyA brahmavrataM matam / / 6 / / brahmacarya mahAvrata se tAtparya hai manuSya, tiryaJca, devagati sambandhI sabhI prakAra kI striyoM meM kASTha, pustaka bhitti Adi para aMkita yA sthApita strI-citroM meM "yaha mAtA hai, yaha bahina hai, yaha putrI hai"- isa prakAra avasthA ke anusAra kalpanA karake unameM rAga-bhAva karane kA, dekhane kA aura unakI kathAoM ke karane kA tyAga karanA brahmacarya mahAvrata hai| 5. aparigraha mahAvrata - bAhya abhyaMtara parigrahoM kA tathA muniyoM ke ayogya samasta vastuoM kA tyAga karanA aparigraha mahAvrata hai| cetanetara-bAhyAntaraMga saMga-vivarjanam / jJAna-saMyamasaMgo vA nirbhmtvmsNgtaa||7|| cetana aura acetana tathA bAhya va antaraMga sarvaprakAra ke parigraha ko chor3a denA aura nirmamatva-bhAva ko aMgIkAra karanA athavA jJAna va saMyama kA hI saMgama karanA aparigraha mahAvrata hai| paMca samitiyAM - pramAda-tyAga kI hetubhUta, pA~ca samitiyoM kA munirAja pAlana karate haiN| 1. IryAsamiti - dina meM sUryAloka ke rahane para cAra hAtha Age bhUmi dekhakara gamana karanA IryAsamiti kahalAtI hai| 2. bhASAsamiti - hita, mita, priya vacana bolanA hI bhASAsamiti hai| 3. eSaNAsamiti - chiyAlIsa doSoM ko TAlakara zrAvaka ke dvArA zraddhA aura bhakti pUrvaka diye gaye nirdoSa AhAra ko dina meM eka bAra grahaNa karanA eSaNAsamiti kahalAtI hai|

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 151 4. AdAna-nikSepaNasamiti - jIva rakSA kA bhAva hone kAraNa munirAja picchi-kamaNDalu Adi ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka rakhate aura uThAte haiN| yahI AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti hai| 5. vyutsarga samiti - jIva-jantu se rahita bhUmi para mala-mUtra kA tyAga karanA vyutsargasamiti hai| gupti - mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti ko rokanA gupti hai| paMcendriya nigraha - jo viSaya indriyoM ko lubhAvane lagate haiM, unameM munirAja rAga nahIM karate aura jo viSaya indriyoM ko bure lagate haiM, unameM dveSa nahIM krte| yahI paMcendriya nigraha kahalAtA hai| sAta bhaya - 1. isa loka kA bhaya, 2. paraloka kA bhaya, 3. maraNa bhaya, 4. vedanA bhaya, 5. arakSA bhaya, 6. agupti bhaya, 7. Akasmika bhy| munirAja ina sAta bhayoM kA bhI tyAga karate haiN| ATha mada - jJAna/pUjA/kula/jAti/bala/Rddhi/tapa/rUpa/ina ATha ke Azraya se mada hote haiN| munirAja ina AThoM madoM kA bhI tyAga karate haiN| AcArya zrI ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM sAdhu ke kartavya akartavya kA kathana saMkSepa meM kiyA hai| yahA~ sAdhu-jIvana kA mukhya lakSya siddhi pAnA kahA hai tathA jIva aura pudagala ke vizleSaNa ko siddhi kahA hai| jIva pudgala kA vizleSaNa hI bheda-vijJAna hai| bheda-vijJAna se hI mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai| isI mokSa ko pAnA sAdhu jIvana kA pramukha dhyeya hotA hai| yaha siddhi (mokSa) dhyAna (Atmacintana) se pA sakate haiN| isalie sAdhu ko sadA AtmadhyAna karanA caahie| jaba dhyAna meM citta na lage taba svAdhyAya karanA caahie| svAdhyAya aura dhyAna ke sivAya aura saba kArya sAdhu ko heya haiM, saMsAra-vRddhi ke kAraNa haiN| yahI sAdhu kA sat-jIvana hai| (22/18) siddhi cAhane vAle (mumukSa) sAdhu ko sadA sAMsArika vastuoM kI cAha chor3akara citta ko nispRha banAnA, indriyoM ko jItanA aura prANAyAma karanA cAhie; kyoMki kAryasiddhi meM ye hI upakArI haiN| (23/18) Atma-sAdhanA

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152 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana meM zarIra - hAni hone para bhI sAdhu ke dveSa, kheda yA asUyA - bhAva prakaTa nahIM honA caahie| Atma-sAdhanA ke samaya yahI bhAva hove ki "jar3a - zarIra kA punaH saMyoga na hove'| sAdhu ko yahI amRta- vacana peya hai| (24/18) Age vIrodaya meM sAdhu-caryA ke saMbaMdha meM batalAyA hai ki sAdhu, anAdikAla se vismRta yA karmarUpI coroM se apahRta Atmadhana ko DhUr3hane (pAne) ke lie zarIra rUpI naukara ko bhikSA rUpI vetana dekara sadA usake dvArA apane abhISTa ko sAdhane meM lagA rahatA hai aura zarIra kI sthiti ke lie dina meM kevala eka bAra hI nirvikAra, nirdoSa, sAttvika, AhAra alpamAtrA meM bhaktipUrvaka diye jAne para hI letA / grahaNa karatA hai aura bIca meM antarAya Ane para use bhI chor3a / tyAga detA hai / ( 25 / 18 ) yahA~ sAdhu kI "eSaNA samiti" kA kathana hai| sUryodaya hone para prakAza ke bhalIbhA~ti phaila jAne para hI bhUmi ko sAmane dekhate hue sAdhu ko vicaranA / gamana karanA caahie| (yahI IryAsamiti hai) pakSI ke samAna vaha sadA vihAra karatA rhe| kahIM sthira hokara na rhe| Agama kI AjJAnusAra varSA Rtu ke sivAya gAMva meM eka dina, nagara meM tIna yA pAMca dina se adhika na tthhre| varSA Rtu meM cAra mAha upayukta sthAna para Thaharane kI anumati hai| kisI ke pU~chane para sAdhu ko hita- mita-priya vacana hI bolanA cAhie / binA pU~che aura anAvazyaka bolanA sAdhu ko niSiddha hai / (yahI bhASA - samiti hai ) 1. apane mada-matsara Adi bhAvoM para vijaya pAne ke lie sAdhu ko mana ke saMkalpa - vikalpoM kA, vacana kI saMbhASaNa Adi kriyAoM kA tathA kAya kI gamanAdi rUpa kriyAoM kA bhI vinigraha karanA cAhie / yahI usakA pradhAna karttavya hai / antaraMga - vikAroM ko nikAlane ke lie mauna - pUrvaka AtmasAdhanA karanA hI sAdhu kA utsarga mArga hai / (yahA~ trigupti kA kathana hai) yadi kadAcit saMbhASaNa yA gamanAdi karanA par3e to unakA upayoga paropakAra meM hI honA cAhie / paropakAra hetu kI gaI mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA bhI sAvadhAnI pUrvaka honA caahie| (yaha apavAda mArga hai) sAvadhAna pravRtti hI samiti hai / (27/18)

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153 vIrodaya kA svarUpa nirjantu aura ekAnta sthAna para hI mala-mUtra Adi utsarga kare, jisase kisI jIva ko kaSTa na ho| (yahI vyutsargasamiti hai) pIchI se parimArjita bhUmi para hI baiThe, vastu ko dhare va utthaave| inameM sadA sAvadhAnI brte| (yaha AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti hai)| (28/18) vAyu ke samAna niHsaMga hokara sadA vicaraNa kre| svapna meM bhI striyoM kI yAda na kre| (29/18) aisI caryA ke sAtha sanyAsI sAdhaka sabhI saMkalpa-vikalpoM ko tyAgakara mana ko zrI vItarAga prabhu ke dhyAna meM lgaave| (41/18) tabhI siddhi (siddhagati) prApta ho sakatI hai| nigopayenmAnasamAtmanInaM zrIdhyAnavapre sutarAmadInam / ityeSa bhUyAdamaro vipazcinna sthAtpunArayitAsya kazcit / / 41/18 | __isa prakAra AcArya zrI ne gRhasthadharma va munidharma kI vivecanA isa mahAkAvya meM saMkSepa meM kI hai| dIkSA evaM tapazcaraNa - bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne bhI magasira mAsa kI kRSNa pakSa kI dazamI tithi ko daigambarI dIkSA dhAraNa kii| unhoMne nirjana vana meM jAkara vastroM kA parityAga kiyA, keza samUha kA loMca kiyA aura mauna ko aMgIkAra kara tapasyA meM lIna ho gaye - mArgazIrSasya mAsasya kRSNA sA dazamI tithiH| jayatAjjagatItyevamasmAkaM bhdrtaakrii|| 26/10 / / vijanaM sa viraktAtmA gatvA'pyavijanAkulam / niSkapaTatvamuddhartu pttaanujjhitvaanpi|| 24/10 / / uccakhAna kacaudhaM sa kalmaSopamamAtmanaH / maunamAlabdhavAnantaranveSTuM dasyusaMgraham / / 25 / / -vIro.sarga. 101 sandarbha - 1. harivaMzapurANa 3/3-71

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154 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2. bhagavatI a.sU. 9/3/61 3. nemicandrakRta mahAvIracarita, patra 73-21 4. guNacandrakRta, mahAvIra carita 334 | 5. AvazyakacUrNi uttara pu. 1691 6. AvazyakacUrNi uttarArddha patra 164 / 7. uvAsagadasAo (pI.ela.vaidya sampAdita) pR. 41 8. sarvArtha siddhi-7/13/687 | 9. tattvArthavArtika - 71 10. savArthasiddhi - 7/16/693 | 11. purUSArthasiddhyupAya - ||110 / / 12. yazastilakagata-upAsakAdhyayana-- 379 | 13. tattvArthasUtra, a. 7 sUtra - 17 | 14. sarvArthasiddhi-7/201

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 155 pariccheda - 3 samozaraNa kI racanA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne arhatva prApta kara liyaa| unake jJAna ke apUrva prakAza se sArA saMsAra jagamagA uThA, dizAyeM zAnta evaM vizuddha ho gii| manda-manda sukhada pavana bahane lgaa| saudharma indra aura anya caturnikAya deva mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna kI pUjA kara cuke the| indra ne apane koSAdhyakSa kubera ko eka vizAla sabhA-maNDapa (samavazaraNa) kI racanA kA Adeza diyaa|' usane RjukUlA ke taTa para avilamba vizAla evaM bhavya samavazaraNa kI racanA kii| usakI zobhA apratima aura sajAvaTa advitIya thii| yaha vizva ke gaurava kA aura AtmAnuzAsana kA pratIka thaa| isake cAroM dvAroM ke Age dharma-dhvajAoM se maNDita mAnastambha aura dharmacakra suzobhita the| isameM vanavedI, toraNa stUpa Adi ratnamaya evaM caityavRkSa jina-pratimAoM se yukta the| kisI prakAra kI AkulatA yahA~ nahIM thii| sabhI prANI zAnta, vinamra aura anuzAsita the| pA~ca prakAra ke ratnoM se nirmita citra-vicitra varNa vAlA prathama zAla (koTa) muktirUpI strI kA Upara se girA huA pavitra kaGkaNa jaisA lagatA thaa| vaha ratnoM kI kiraNoM ke samUha se AkAza meM udita hue indradhanuSa kI zobhA pA rahA thaa| yathA - ratnAMzakaiH paJcavidhairvicitraH muktezcyutaH kaGkaNavatpavitraH / zAlaH sa AtmIyarUcAM cayena sarjastadaindraM dhanurUdgatena / / 5 / / -viiro.srg.13| dUsarA koTa aSTa maMgala-dravyoM sahita cAra gopura dvAroM se yukta thA, jisa para pratIhAra (dvArapAla) rUpa se vyantara deva paharA de rahe the| isake pazcAt nATyazAlAyeM thIM, jinameM deva-bAlAeM trilokInAtha zrI vIraprabhu kA

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156 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yazogAna karatI huI nAca rahI thiiN| saptaparNa, Amra, azoka aura campaka jAti ke vRkSoM se yukta cAroM dizAoM meM cAra vana the| jinameM una-una nAma vAle caitya-vRkSa suzobhita ho rahe the - saptacchadA''mrorUka-campakopapadairvanairyatra kRtoparopaH / manoharo'taH samabhUtpradezastattatkacaityadrumayuktalezaH / / 11 / / -viiro.srg.13| usa samavazaraNa meM pratyeka dvAra para bhavanavAsI deva vIra bhagavAna kI sevA kara rahe the| sphaTika maNiyoM se banA tIsarA koTa ina bhagavAna kI sevA karate hue kuNDalAkAra zeSanAga ke samAna avasthita thaa| koTa ke Age jinendra deva ko ghere huye cAroM ora uttama bAraha koThe the| jinameM caturnikAya ke deva, unakI deviyA~, muni, AryikA vA zrAvikA, manuSya aura pazu baiThakara bhagavAna kA dharmopadeza sunate the| isa samavazaraNa ke madhya gandhakuTI meM siMhAsana ke talabhAga se Upara antarikSa meM avasthita bhagavAna isa samavazaraNa kI racanA vidhAna ko ucchiSTa ke samAna chor3ate hue se zobhAyamAna ho rahe the| tataH punarvAdaza koSThakAni jinendradevaM paritaH shubhaani| sma bhAnti yadvadravimAzritAni meSAdilagnAni bhavanti taani|| 16 / / madhyesabhaM gandhakuTImupetaH samutthitaH pIThatalAttathetaH / babhau vimuddeSTamidaM vidhAnaM smstmucchissttmivojjihaanH|| 17 / / -viiro.srg.13| vIra prabhu ke mukha ke prabhAmaMDala kI dIpti koTi-sUryoM kI dIpti se bhI adhika thii| isameM loga apane janma-janmAntaroM ko bhI dekhane meM samartha the| isameM pratyeka ko apane tIna pUrvabhava, tIna Age ke bhava aura eka vartamAna bhava- kula sAta bhava dikhAI dete the| chatratraya, lokatraya ke netroM ko AnandakArI the tathA divyadhvani moha ke prabhAva kI nivAraka, sarvabhU-vyApI AnandadAyI pAparahita nirdoSa samudra ke samAna gambhIra dhvanikAraka thii|

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 157 prabhoH prabhAmaNDalamatyudAttaM na koTisUryairyadihAbhyupAttam / yadIkSaNe samprabhavaH kSaNena smo nAma jnmaantrlkssnnen|| 21 / / -viiro.srg.13| moha prabhAvaprasarapravarja zrIdundubhirya dhvnimutssrj| samasta bhUvyApividhiM samarjannAnandavArA shirivaadyvrjH|| 23 / / vAcAM rUcA meghamadhikSipantaM paryAzrayAmo jagadekasantam / akhaNDarUpeNa jagajjanebhyo'mRtaM samantAdapi vrssyntm|| 24 / / -viiro.srg.13| samavazaraNa kA vaiziSTya samavazaraNa meM sarvatra jJAnAloka vyApta thaa| rAta-dina kA bheda miTa gayA thA aura prakAza hI prakAza sarvatra dikhalAI par3atA thaa| samavazaraNa meM Aye prANiyoM ke hRdaya se vaira, dveSa, krodha hiMsA evaM pratizodha kI bhAvanAyeM samApta ho gaI thIM aura pariNAma itane nirmala ho gaye the ki ve janmajAta zatrutA ko bhI vismRta kara cuke the| gAya-siMha, mRga-vyAdha, mArjAra-mUSaka bar3e nirmala evaM zAnta bhAva se eka sAtha vahA~ baiThe the| mahAvIra kI saumya mudrA sabhI ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara rahI thii| unakI mukhAbhA divyabhASA banI huI thii| unakI mudrA avicala, vacanAtIta aura bhASAtIta thii| anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantamukha aura anantavIrya kI ujjvalatA sarvatra vidyamAna thii| divyadhvani kA prabhAva kasAyapAhuDa aura tiloyapaNNattI meM divyadhvani ko tAlu-danta, oSTha tathA kaNTha ke halana-calana rUpa vyApAra se rahita hokara eka hI samaya meM bhavya-janoM ko Ananda dene vAlI batAyA hai - aTTharasa-mahAbhAsA khullaya-bhAsA sayAi stt-thaa| akkhara-aNakkharappaya saNNI-jIvANa syl-bhaasaao||

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158 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana edAsiM bhAsANaM taaluvdNtotttthkNtthvaavaare| parihariya ekkakAlaM bhavya-jaNe divva-bhAsittaM / / -tiloyapaNNattI 910-911 (adhi. 4) harivaMzapurANa meM likhA hai ki oThoM ko binA hilAye hI nikalI huI tIrthaMkaravANI ne tiryaJca, manuSya aura devoM kA dRSTi-moha naSTa kara diyA thA - jinabhASA'dharaspandamantareNa vijRmbhitaa| tiryagdevamanuSyANAM dRSTimohamanInazat / / harivaMza purANa 2/113 / / mahApurANa meM kahA hai ki bhagavAna ke mukha-kamala se bAdaloM kI garjanA jaisI atizaya yukta mahA divyadhvani nikala rahI thii| bhavya-jIvoM ke mana meM sthiti moha rUpI andhakAra ko naSTa karatI huI sUrya ke samAna suzobhita ho rahI thii| isameM sabhI akSara spaSTa the| lagatA thA mAnoM guphA ke agrabhAga se pratidhvani hI nikala rahI ho| divyamahAdhvanirasya mukhAbjAnmagharavAnukRtirnirgacchat / bhavyamanogatamohatamoghnannadyutadeSa yathaiva tmo'riH|| -mahApurANa 23/69 | divyadhvani ke sambandha meM kucha AcAryoM kA abhimata hai ki yaha sarvahita karane ke kAraNa varNavinyAsa se rahita hai| kucha AcArya ise akSarAtmaka hI mAnate haiN| akSarAtmaka zabda saMskRtAdi bhASA ke hetu haiN| anakSarAtmaka zabda dvIndriyAdi ke zabda-rUpa hote haiN| divyadhvani ko anakSarAtmaka isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha jaba taka sunane vAle ke karNa-pradeza ko prApta nahIM hotI, taba taka anakSarAtmaka hai aura jaba karNa-pradeza ko prApta ho jAtI hai, taba akSararUpa hokara zrotA ke saMzayAdi ko dUra karatI hai| ataH akSarAtmaka kahI jAtI hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne apane svayaMbhUstotra meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI divyadhvani ko sartabhASAtmaka

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 159 kahA hai aura batalAyA hai ki tIrthaMkara kA vacanAmRta saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ko apanI-apanI bhASA meM tRpta karatA hai| alaMkAra-cintAmaNi meM bhI ise sarvabhASAtmaka, asIma sukhaprada aura samasta nayoM se yukta batalAyA hai| dhavalATIkA meM AcArya vIrasena ne likhA hai, - "eka yojana ke bhItara dUra athavA samIpa meM baiThe hue aThAraha mahAbhASA aura sAta-sau laghu bhASAoM se yukta tiryaJca, manuSya aura devoM kI bhASA ke rUpa meM pariNata hone vAlI tathA nyUnatA aura adhikatA se rahita madhura, manohara, gambhIra aura vizada bhASA ke atizayoM se yukta tIrthakara kI divya-dhvani hotI hai|" mahApurANa meM likhA hai ki divyadhvani eka rUpa meM hotI huI bhI tIrthakara prakRti ke puNya prabhAva se samasta manuSyoM aura pazu-pakSiyoM kI saMketAtmaka bhASA meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| ekatayo'pi ca sarvanRbhASAH so'ntaraneSTabahUzca kubhASAH / aprapipattimapAsya ca tattvaM bodhayati sma jinasya mhimnaa|| -AdipurANa 23/701 tIrthakara mahAvIra kI divyadhvani ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hotI thii| sarvArdhamAgadhIM sarvabhASAsu prinnaaminiim| sarveSAM sarvato vAcaM sArvajJI praNidadhmahe / / -vAgbhaTa kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 21 mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vaizAlI thaa| ardhamAgadhI isI kSetra kI bhASA rahI hogii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ardhamAgadhI meM upadeza dete the aura unakI yaha divyadhvani manuSya, pazu Adi kI bhASA meM pariNata ho jAtI thii| samavAyAMga meM likhA hai- mahAvIra kI dezanA ardhamAgadhI meM hotI thii| yaha zAnti, Ananda aura sukhadAyinI bhASA Arya, anArya, dvipad, catuSpada, mRga, pazu-pakSI Adi ke lie apanI bhASA meM pariNata ho jAtI thii| divyadhvani ke prabhAva kA nirUpaNa karate hue vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM likhA hai ki

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160 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pazUnAM pakSiNAM yadvadulkAdInAM ca shbdnm| zakuniH panizamyaitadarthayatyeSa tAdRzam / / 6 / / -viiro.srg.15| jisa prakAra eka zakuna-zAstra kA vettA purUSa pazu, pakSI aura bijalI Adi ke zabda ko sunakara unake yathArtha rahasya ko jAnatA hai, hara eka manuSya nhiiN| usI prakAra bhagavAna kI vANI ke yathArtha rahasya ko gautama gaNadhara hI jAna pAte the| zuzrUSUNAmanekA vAk nAnAdezanivAsinAm / anakSarAyitaM vAcA sArvasyAto jinezinaH / / 8 / / viiro.srg.15| nAnA deza ke nivAsI zrotA janoM kI bhASA aneka prakAra kI thii| ataeva sarva ke hitaiSI jinendradeva kI vANI anakSara rUpa se prakaTa huii| (yaha bhagavAna kA atizaya thaa|) isa prakAra divya-dhvani kA (alaukika prabhAva ke kAraNa) samasta mAnava-jagata ko apanI-apanI bhASA meM sunAI par3atI thii| divyadhvani kA madhura saMgIta prANI mAtra ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatA thA aura 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' kA udghoSa bhI janatA ke liye sarala-sahaja mArga kA udaghATana kara rahA thaa| loka-jIvana aura loka zAsana pAvanatA kA anubhava kara apane ko nirvikAra aura svatantra samajha rahe the| siddhAntoM kI prarUpaNA tIrthakara mahAvIra apane samaya ke mahAn tapasvI hone ke sAtha-sAtha eka uccakoTi ke vicAraka tattvAnveSI bhI the| unhoMne dharma aura dArzanika vicAroM ko sAdhu jIvana ke caramoddezya mukti ke sAtha nibaddha kara kriyAtmaka rUpa diyaa| unhoMne batalAyA ki saMsAra ke bandhana meM par3A huA jIva purUSArtha dvArA karmoM ke bhAra se pUrNa mukta hokara zAzvata mokSa-sukha ko pA sakatA hai| unake samaya meM mukti, jIva-svarUpa, jIva kA astitva, jagat kA nityatva-anityatva, AtmA kA zarIra se bhinnatva-abhinnatva Adi kI

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 161 carcA vidyamAna thii| ataH unake mukha se pahalA vAkya - 'uppannei vA vigamei vA dhuvaI vA' nikalA thaa| arthAt vastu-pratikSaNa utpanna hotI hai, naSTa hotI hai aura dhruva rahatI hai| ye tIna avasthAyeM jisameM rahatI haiM, vahI jJeya hai, vastu hai, padArtha hai| nityatva anityatva dhrauvyatva (sat) jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hai, vahI sat hai| jo sat hai vahI dravya hai| utpAda utpatti ko, vyaya vinAza ko aura dhrauvya avasthiti ko kahate haiN| ina tInoM kA paraspara meM avinAbhAva hai| utpAda ke binA vyaya nahIM hotA, vyaya ke binA utpAda nahIM hotA aura dhrauvya (sthiti) utpAda aura vyaya ke binA nahIM hotaa| pravacanasAra meM kahA hai - Na bhavo bhaMgavihINo bhaMgo vA Natthi sNbhv-vihiinnoN| uppAdo vi ya bhaMgo Na viNA dhovveNa atthenn|| -pravacanasAra gAthA 100 / jo utpAda hai, vahI vyaya hai, jo vyaya hai vahI utpAd hai aura jo utpAda-vyaya hai, vahI sthiti hai, tathA jo sthiti hai, vahI utpAd vyaya hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra ne apane isa tripadI mAtRkA vAkya dvArA vastu ke ekAnta rUpa nityatva aura anityatva (kSaNikatva) kI samIkSA kii| unhoMne udghoSita kiyA ki isa vizva meM na koI vastu sarvathA nitya hai aura na koI sarvathA kSaNika hai| donoM sama-svabhAva haiN| jaise AkAza dravyarUpa se nitya hai, usI prakAra dIpaka bhI nitya hai aura jisa prakAra paryAya se dIpaka kSaNika hai, usI prakAra AkAza bhI kSaNika hai| pratyeka sat utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai| 'utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM sat' utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya paryAyoM meM hote haiM aura paryAyeM dravya meM sthita haiM kisI bhAva arthAt satya kA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA aura kisI abhAva arthAt asat kA utpAda nahIM hotaa| sabhI padArtha apane guNa aura paryAya rUpa se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta haiN| yahI traikAlika sat hai| pratyeka sat pariNamanazIla hone se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta hai| dRvya

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162 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ko nityAnitya kahA jAtA hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka sat hI dravya hai| mahAvIra ne tattva ko trayAtmaka batalAyA hai| isa trayAtmakatA kI siddhi nimna udAharaNa dvArA hotI hai| rAjA ke pAsa eka svarNa kalaza hai| rAjaputrI usa kalaza ko cAhatI hai, kintu rAjaputra usa kalaza ko tor3akara mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| rAjA putra kI haTha pUrI karane ke liye kalaza ko tur3avAkara mukuTa banavA detA hai| kalaza-nAza se kanyA duHkhI hotI hai| mukuTa ke utpAda se putra prasanna hotA hai| para rAjA to svarNa kA icchuka hai, jo kalaza TUTa kara mukuTa bana jAne para bhI madhyastha rahatA hai, use na zoka hotA hai aura na hrss| ataH vastu trayAtmaka hai| aneka-zaktyAtmakavastu tattvaM tadekayA sNvdto'nysttvm| samarthayatsyAtpadamatra bhAti syaadvaadnaamaivmihoktijaatiH||8|| -viiro.srg.19| pratyeka vastu meM aneka guNa-dharma yA zaktiyA~ haiN| una sabakA kathana eka sAtha eka zabda se sambhava nahIM hai| isalie kisI eka guNa yA dharma kA kathana karate samaya yadyapi vaha mukhya rUpa se vivakSita hotA hai, tathApi zeSa guNoM yA dharmoM kI vivakSA na hone se unakA abhAva nahIM ho jAtA, usa samaya unakI gauNatA rahatI hai| jaise gulAba ke phUla meM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi aneka guNa vidyamAna haiM, to bhI jaba koI manuSya kahatA hai ki dekho yaha phUla kitanA komala hai, taba usakI vivikSA sparza guNa kI hai, phUla kI komalatA ko kahate hue unake gandha Adi guNoM kI vivikSA nahIM hai| jaise ghaTa bhI padArtha hai aura paTa bhI padArtha hai, kintu zIta se pIr3ita purUSa ko ghaTa se koI prayojana nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra pyAsa se pIr3ita purUSa ghaTa ko cAhatA hai, paTa ko nhiiN| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki padArthapanA ghaTa aura paTa meM samAna hote hue bhI pratyeka purUSa apane abhISTa ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, anabhIpsita padArtha ko nhiiN| - yahI syAdvAdasiddhAnta hai|

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 163 ghaTaH padArthazca paTaH padArthaH zaityAnvitasyAsti ghaTena nArthaH / pipAsurabhyeti yamAtmazaktyA syAdvAdamityetu jano'pi bhaktyA / / 15 / / - vIro.sarga. 19 / --- dravya kI apekSA vastu nitya hai aura paryAya kI apekSA anitya hai| yadi vastu ko sarvathA kUTastha nitya mAnA jAya, to usameM arthakriyA nahIM banatI hai| yadi sarvathA kSaNa-bhaMgura mAnA jAya, to usameM "yaha vahI hai"isa prakAra kA pratyabhijJAna nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva vastu ko kathaJcit nitya aura kathaJcit anitya mAnanA par3atA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yahI anekAntavAda siddhAnta hai / samasti nityaM punarapyanityaM yatpratyabhijJAkhyavidA samityam / kuto'nyathA syAd vyavahAranAma sUktiM pavitrAmiti saMzrayAmaH / / 21 / / - vIro.sarga. 19 / ina paraspara virodhI tattvoM ko dekhane se yahI siddha hotA hai ki pratyeka padArtha meM aneka dharma haiM aura isI aneka dharmAtmakatA kA dUsarA nAma anekAnta hai ! ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zoka - pramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam / / - AptamImAMsA, padya 59 | dravya lakSaNa jo padArtha apanI paryAyoM ko kramazaH prApta hotA hai, vaha dravya hai / dravya ke 'sadravyalakSaNaM' aura 'guNaparyayavad' ye do lakSaNa prasiddha haiN| dravya eka akhaNDa padArtha hai aura vaha aneka kArya karatA hai| isa kAraNa kArya se anumita kAraNa rUpa zaktyaMzoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai tathA ina zaktyaMzoM ko hI guNa kahate haiN| ina guNoM kA samudAya hI dravya hai aura jo dravya hai, vahI guNa hai / dravya se bhinna guNa nahIM aura guNoM se bhinna dravya nahIM / 'guNaparyayavaddravyam / '

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164 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dravya nirUpaNa guNa aura paryAyoM ko prApta hone vAle dravya ke mUla chaH bheda haiM - (1) jIva, (2) pudgala, (3) dharma, (4) adharma, (5) AkAza aura (6) kAla / ye chaha dravya jJeya yA prameya kahalAte haiN| inameM jIva, pudgala aura kAla aneka bheda svarUpa haiM aura dharma, adharma evaM AkAza ye tIna dravya aneka bhedarUpa na hokara eka--eka akhaNDa dravya haiN| gatenimittaM svasu-pudgalebhyaH dharma jagad-vyApinametakebhyaH / adharmametadviparItakArya jagAda smvedkro'rhkaaryH|| 37 / / -viiro.srg.19| jIva aura pudgala dravyoM ko gamana karane meM jo nimitta banatA hai, use dharmadravya kahate haiN| isase viparIta jIva aura pudgala ke Thaharane meM sahAyaka (nimitta) kAraNa ko adharma-dravya kahate haiN| ye donoM hI dravya sarva jagat meM vyApta haiM, aisA vizva-jJAyaka arhadeva ne kahA hai| jo samasta dravyoM ko apane bhItara avakAza detA hai use AkAzadravya kahate haiN| jo sarva dravyoM ke parivartana karAne meM nimitta kAraNa hotA hai, use kAladravya kahate haiN| isa prakAra yaha samasta jagata SaT-dravyamaya jAnanA caahie| yathAnabho'vakAzAya kilAkhilebhyaH kAlaH parAvartanakRttakebhyaH / evaM tu SaD-dravyamayIyamiSTiryataH samutthA svayameva sRSTiH / / 38 / / -viiro.srg.19| anekAnta va syAdvAda bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki jo kevala utpAda, vyaya yA dhrauvya rUpa hI vastu ko mAnate haiM, ve vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko na jAnane ke kAraNa ajJAnI hI haiN| koI eka rekhA (lakIra) na svayaM choTI hai aura na bdd'ii| yadi usI ke pAsa usase choTI rekhA khIMca dI jAya, to vaha pahalI rekhA bar3I kahalAne lagatI hai aura usI ke dUsarI ora bar3I rekhA khIMca dI jAye, to vaha choTI kahalAne lagatI hai| isI prakAra apekSA-vizeSa se vastu

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 165 meM astitva aura nAstitva dharma siddha hote haiN| pratyeka vastu apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA astirUpa hai aura para dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA nAstirUpa hai| vastutattva aneka zaktyAtmaka hai, aneka zaktiyoM kA puJja hai| jaba koI manuSya eka zakti kI apekSA se usakA varNana karatA hai taba vaha anya zaktiyoM se bhI satva kA anya apekSAoM se samarthana karatA hI hai| 'syAt'-pada (kathaJcit) ke prayoga kA nAma hI "syAdvAda" hai| ise hI kathaJcid-vAda yA anekAnta kahate haiN| sAtatatva vyavasthA tathA karma-siddhAnta jainadharma meM karmasiddhAnta kA vistAra se sUkSmAtisUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jainadRSTi se karma acetana yA jar3a rUpa hai, kintu jIva ke sAtha svarNa aura pASANa kI taraha anAdikAla se sambaddha hai| jaise vividha upAyoM se svarNa ko zuddha kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA ko bhI karmoM se sarvathA mukta kiyA jA sakatA hai| karma viSayaka isa mUla cintana ne sapta tattvoM ke siddhAnta ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| sAta tattva isa prakAra haiM- 1. jIva, 2. ajIva, 3. Asrava, 4. bandha, 5. saMvara, 6. nirjarA, 7. mokss| 'jiivaajiivaasvbndhsNvrnirjraamokssaastttvm'| - ta.sU.a.-1 sUtra.41 ajIva rUpa karma va karma se jIva ko baddha karane ke lie uttaradAyI Asrava aura baMdha hai tathA mukta karane liye uttaradAyI saMvara aura nirjarA haiN| . sampUrNa rUpa se karmoM kI nirjarA hone para jIva karmamukta hokara apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta ho jAtA hai| jaina-AcAra karma-siddhAnta kI AdhAra-zilA para nirmita huA hai| isaliye sAmAnya rUpa se karma-siddhAnta para dRSTipAta karanA upayukta hogaa| jaina-AcAryoM ne zarIra, vacana, aura mana kI pravRtti ko karmoM kA Asrava mAnA hai| yaha zubha aura azubha do prakAra kA hotA hai|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 'kAyavAGmanaHkarmayogaH / sa AsravaH / ' ta.sU.a. 6 sUtra - 1,2 asravAzrita karmoM kA bandha kaSAya ke AdhAra para hotA hai| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya, ye bandha ke kAraNa hai| 'sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAnpulanAdatte saH bandhaH / 166 - ta.sU. a.8 sUtra - 21 AcArya samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki moha sahita ajJAna se bandha hotA hai| jo ajJAna mohanIya karma - pravRtti - lakSaNa se yukta hai, vaha sthiti anubhAga rUpa svaphaladAna samartha karma bandha kA karttA hai aura jo ajJAna - moha se rahita hai vaha karmabandha kA karttA nahIM hai| jo alpajJAna moha se rahita hai use mokSa hotA, parantu moha - sahita alpajJAna se karmabandha hotA hai / ajJAnmohino bandhona jJAnAd vItamohataH / jJAnastokAcca mokSaH syAmohAnmohino'nyathA / / karma karate samaya yadi jIva kA bhAva zuddha hotA hai to ba~dhane vAle karma - paramANuoM para acchA prabhAva par3atA hai| unakA phala bhI zubha hotA hai aura yadi bhAva azuddha hue to phala azubha hotA hai| jisa prakAra mana ke kSobha kA prabhAva bhojana para par3atA hai aura bhojana ThIka se nahIM pacatA, usI prakAra mAnasika bhAvoM kA prabhAva acetana vastuoM para par3atA hai / dravya tathA bhAva ke bheda se karma ke do bheda haiM / jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa pudgala kA piNDa dravya-karma hai aura dravya piNDa meM jo phala dene kI zakti hai, vaha bhAva - karma hai / karma-granthoM meM inakA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAta tattva mukti-prApti hetu tattvajJAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ve tattva sAta haiN| tattvajJAna ke abhAva meM mokSa-prApti sambhava nahIM hai| jisa vastu kA jo bhAva hai, vaha tattva kahalAtA hai / vastu ke asAdhAraNa svarUpabhUta svatattva ko tattva kahate haiM / "tattva" zabda bhAva - sAmAnya kA vAcaka hai / "tattva - zabdo bhAva- sAmAnyavAcI / katham ? taditi sarvanAma-padam / sarvanAma ca sAmAnye varttate tasya bhAvastattvam /

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa tasya kasya? yo'tho yathAvasthitastathA tasya bhavanamityarthaH-tattvArtha- rAjavArtika 2 / 16 | 167 'tat' sarvanAma pada hai aura sarvanAma sAmAnya artha meM rahatA hai / ataH usakA bhAva tattva kahA jAtA hai| jo padArtha jisa rUpa se avasthita hai, usakA usa rUpa meM honA - yahI "tattva" zabda kA artha hai| ye tattva anAdi haiN| jisa prakAra kAla anAdi ananta hai, usI prakAra tattva bhI anAdi haiN| puNya aura pApa kA antarbhAva Asrava tattva meM ho jAtA hai| ataH sAta tattva hI pramukha haiN| Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa ye pA~ca tattva bhAvarUpa meM jIva kI paryAya haiM aura dravyarUpa meM pudgala kii| jIva-tattva - jIva-tattva kA artha hai " caitanya" / caitanya AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti hai, AtmA kA viziSTa guNa hai / yaha AtmA ke atirikta anya kisI padArtha meM nahIM hotA / AtmA meM jAnane kI kriyA nirantara hotI rahatI hai| jJAna kA pravAha eka kSaNa ke lie bhI nahIM rUkatA / ajIva-tattva ajIva-tattva ke antargata pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla ina pA~ca kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| pudgala - dravya hI AtmA ke baMdha kA kAraNa hai| isI se zarIra, mana, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa aura vacana Adi kA nirmANa hotA hai / zarIra aura cetana donoM bhinna-dharmaka haiM / inakA anAdi- pravAhI sambandha hai / cetana aura acetana atyA bhinna haiM / ye sarvadA eka nahIM ho sakate / Asava tattva jIva ke dvArA mana, vacana aura kAya se jo zubhAzubha pravRtti hotI hai, use bhAvAsrava kahate haiM, aura usake nimitta se vizeSa prakAra kI pudgala vargaNAyeM AkarSita hokara usake pradezoM meM praveza karatI haiM, vaha dravyAsrava hai / mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyA ko yoga kahate haiM aura yoga hI Asrava kA kAraNa hone se Asrava kahA jAtA hai / mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRttiyoM se Atma-parispandana hotA hai aura isI parispandana se karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai / karmoM ke Ane ke dvAra hI Asrava haiN| ye pA~ca haiM- 1. mithyAtva 2. avirati 3. pramAda, 4. kaSAya 5. yog| ye pA~coM Asrava pratyaya hone se baMdha ke hetu haiM / -

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168 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana micchAttAviradipamAdajoga - kohAdao'tha viSNeyA / paNa paNa paNadasa tiya cadu kamaso bhedA du puvvassa / / 30 / / - dravyasaMgraha | bandha tattva do padArthoM ke viziSTa sambandha ko "bandha" kahate haiM / bandha ke bhI do bheda haiN| (1) bhAvabandha aura (2) dravyabandha | jina moha, rAga-dveSa Adi vikArI bhAvoM se karma kA bandha hotA hai, una bhAvoM ko "bhAvabandha" kahate haiM aura karma - pudgaloM kA Atma- pradezoM se sambandha honA "dravya-bandha" kahalAtA hai / dravya bandha AtmA aura pudgala kA sambandha hai / karma aura AtmA ke ekakSetrAvagAhI sambandha ko bandha kahA jAtA hai| jo AtmA kaSAyavAn hai, vahI AtmA karmoM ko grahaNa karatI hai / yadi lohe kA golA garma na ho, to pAnI ko grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA hai / para garma hone para vaha pAnI ko apanI ora khIMcatA hai, usI prakAra zuddhAtmA karmoM ko grahaNa nahIM karatI, para jaba kaSAya-sahita AtmA pravRtti karatI hai, to vaha pratyeka samaya meM nirantara karmoM ko grahaNa karatI rahatI hai| karmoM ko grahaNa kara unase saMzleSa ko prApta ho jAnA hI bandha hai / bandha ke yoga aura kaSAya ye do pradhAna hetu haiN| bheda vivakSA se mithyAtva avirati, pramAda kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca bandha ke hetu haiN| saMvara - Asrava kA nirodha saMvara hai / 'Asrava nirodhaH saMvaraH" jina dvAroM se karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai, una dvAroM kA nirodha kara denA saMvara kahalAtA hai / Asrava, yoga se hotA hai / ataeva yoga kI nivRtti hI saMvara hai| vastutaH navIna karmoM kA AnA meM na AnA hI saMvara hai / yadi navIna karmoM kA Agamana sarvadA jIva meM hotA rahe, to kabhI bhI karma-bandha se chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA / nirjarA - nirjarA kA artha hai jarjarita kara denA yA jhAr3a denA / baddha karmoM ko naSTa kara denA yA pRthak kara denA nirjarA tatva hai| 'tapasA nirjarA

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 169 c'| yaha nirjarA do prakAra kI hai - (1) avipAka nirjarA, (2) savipAka nirjarA / tapa Adi sAdhanAoM ke dvArA karmoM ko balAt udaya meM lAkara binA phala diye hI jhar3A denA avipAka nirjarA hai| gupti, samiti aura tapa rUpI agni se karmoM ko phala dene se pahale hI bhasma kara denA avipAka nirjarA hai| baddha karmoM kA yathAsamaya udaya meM Akara phala dekara jhar3a jAnA savipAka nirjarA hai| mokSa - jIvana kA antima lakSya mAnane ke kAraNa jainAcAryoM ne mokSa tathA mokSamArga para vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai ki jaba yaha jIva karmamala se vipramukta hotA hai, taba sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI hokara urdhvaloka ke antima bhAga ko prApta ho jAtA hai aura ananta atIndriya-sukha ko prApta karatA rahatA hai| kammamala vippamukko uDDheM logassa aNtmdhigNtaa| so savvaNANa-darisI lahadi suhmnniNdiymnnNtN|| -paMcAstikAya gAthA. 28 | ___ jo AtmA saMsArAvasthA meM indriya- janita bAdhA-sahita parAdhIna aura mUrtika sukha ka anubhava karatA thA vahI cidAtmA mukta-avasthA meM sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI hokara ananta, avyAbAdha, svAdhIna aura amUrtika sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| jado sayaM sa cedA savvaNhU savvaloga darasI y| pappodi suhamaNaMtaM avvAvAdhaM sgmmuttN|| -paMcAstikAya. gAthA.29 | tattvArthasUtra ke antima adhyAya meM A. umAsvAmI ne mokSa ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue AcArya kundakunda kI taraha hI vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| unhoMne kahA hai - moha ke kSaya se tathA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa tathA antarAya ke kSaya se jIva kevalajJAna prApta karatA hai, phira bandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva tathA nirjarA ke dvArA samasta karmoM se mukta hokara loka ke anta meM Upara calA jAtA hai|

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170 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanA - varaNAntarAyakSayAcca kevalam / / 1/10 / / bandha-hetvabhAva-nirjarAbhyAM kRtsna-karma-vipramokSo mokSaH / / 2/1011 tadanantaramUvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt / / 5/10|| mokSa ke lie niHzreyas zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| niHzreyas kA artha atyanta kalyANa rUpa hai| 'nitarAM zreyo nizreyasam' / AcArya samantabhadra ne niHzreyas zabda kA prayoga karate hue use hI atyanta kalyANa-pada pratipAdita kiyA hai| unhoMne- "janma, vArdhakya, roga, maraNa, zoka, dukha aura bhaya se parimukta zuddha, sukha-sahita nirvANa ko niHzreyasa mAnA hai| janma-jarAbhayamaraNaiH zokairduHkhairbhayaizca primuktm| nirvANaM zuddhasukhaM niHzreyasamiSyate nityam / / -ratnakara zrA. 1311 AcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai "ki yaha jIva moha ke upazama yA kSaya hone para jinazAsita mArga ko prApta karake jJAnamArga kA anucArI hokara nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai|" uvasaMtakhINamoho maggaM jiNabhAsideNa smuvgdo| NANANumaggacArI NivvANapuraM vajadi dhiiro|| __-paMcA. gA. 701 somadeva ne likhA hai ki rAgadveSAdi rUpa Abhyantara mala ke kSaya hone se jIva ko sva-svarUpa kI prApti honA mokSa hai| mokSa meM na to AtmA kA abhAva hotA hai aura na hI AtmA acetana hotA hai aura cetana hone para bhI AtmA meM jJAnAdi kA abhAva bhI nahIM hotA hai| AtmalAbhaM vidurmokSaM jIvasyAntarmalakSayAt / nAbhAvo nApyacaitanyaM na caitanyamanarthakam / / -upAsakA. 1131 uparyukta vivecana kI samIkSA karane para hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki jainadRSTi se mokSa jIva kI pUrNarUpeNa vizuddha avasthA kA nAma hai|

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 171 saMsArI avasthA meM karmarUpa mala se AvRtta hone ke kAraNa AtmA kA vizuddha svarUpa prakaTa nahIM ho paataa| karmamala ke pUrNa rUpa se pRthaka hone para AtmA kA vizuddha svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| isIlie mukta AtmA ko paramAtmA bhI kahA gayA hai| ahiMsA - jainadharma ahiMsA-pradhAna hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA se vivecanA jitanI jainadharma ne kI utanI anya kisI ne nahIM kI hai| ahiMsA eka niSedhAtmaka zabda hai - 'na hiMseti ahiMsA' arthAt hiMsA nahIM karanA ahiMsA hai| isameM hiMsA kA niSedha pratipAdita hai| zAstroM meM hiMsA kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai -'pramatta-yogAtprANa-vyaparopaNaM hiMsA' - tattvArthasUtra. a. 7 sUtra- 13 / arthAt pramAda ke yoga se prANoM ke vyaparopaNa ko hiMsA kahate haiN| isakA sAmAnya artha hai asAvadhAnI pUrvaka kiye gaye AcaraNa yA vyavahAra ke kAraNa dUsare jIvoM yA prANiyoM kA jo ghAta yA prANa-haraNa hotA hai, vaha hiMsA kahalAtA hai| dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se hiMsA do prakAra kI hotI hai| kisI jIva ko mAranA yA satAnA "dravya-hiMsA" hai aura usake nimitta se rAgAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti hokara jo bhAva-prANoM kA ghAta hotA hai vaha "bhAvahiMsA" hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai - aprArdubhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhvtyhiNseti| teSAmovotpatti-hiMseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / / 44 / / yuktAcaraNasya sato raagaadyaaveshmntrennaapi| na hi bhavati jAtu hiMsA praann-vypropnnaadev|| 45 / / -purUSArthasiddha-yupAya / arthAt apane zuddhopayoga prANa kA ghAta rAgAdika bhAva se hotA hai| ataeva rAgAdika bhAvoM kA abhAva hI ahiMsA hai aura zuddhopayoga rUpa prANaghAta hone se unhIM rAgAdika bhAvoM kA sadbhAva hiMsA hai| yogya AcaraNa karane vAle santa-purUSa ke rAgAdi bhAvoM ke binA kevala prANa-pIr3ana se hiMsA kadApi nahIM hotii| dUsarI apekSA bhI hiMsA do prakAra se hotI hai|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana eka kaSAya se arthAt jAna-bUjhakara aura dUsare ayatnAcAra yA asAvadhAnI se / isIko spaSTa karate hue zAstrakAroM ne likhA hai uccAlidammi pAde 172 - iriyAsamidassa NiggamaThANe / AvAdejja kuliMgo marejja taM joga mAsejja / / Na hi tassa taNimitto baMdho sumo vi desido samaye / arthAt jo manuSya Age dekha-bhAlakara rAstA cala rahA hai| usake paira uThAne para agara koI jIva paira ke nIce A jAve aura kucala kara mara jAve to usa manuSya ko jIva mArane kA thor3A-sA bhI pApa Agama meM nahIM khaa| Age kahA hai - maradu va jIvadu jIvo ajadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA / payadassa Natthi baMdho hiMsAmetteNa samidassu / / jIva cAhe jiye cAhe mare, asAvadhAnI se kAma karane vAle ko hiMsA kA pApa avazya lagatA hai, kintu jo sAvadhAnI se kAma kara rahA hai use prANivadha hone para bhI hiMsA kA pApa nahIM lagatA kyoMki use abhiprAya meM hiMsA (prANaghAta) karane kA kincit bhI bhAva nahIM hai / ahiMsA ko vyavahArya banAne ke liye jaise hiMsA ke dravyahiMsA aura bhAva hiMsA bheda kiye gaye haiM, vaise hI ahiMsA ke bhI aneka bheda kiye gaye haiN| gRhastha aura sAdhu ke bheda se ahiMsA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kI gaI hai| jainadharma kI ahiMsA yA to vIratA kA pATha par3hAtI hai yA kSamA kA / AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya meM ahiMsA ke viSaya meM kahA hai "ahiMsA sarva prANiyoM kI saMsAra meM rakSA karatI hai, isalie vaha mAtA kahalAtI hai hiMsA paraspara meM khAne ko kahatI hai aura akasmAt hI sabase zatrutA utpanna karatI hai, isaliye vaha rAkSasI hai / ataeva ahiMsA upAdeya hai| ahiMsA karttavyacyuta nahIM karatI, kintu karttavya kA bodha karAkara akarttavya se bacAtI hai aura karttavya para dRr3ha karatI hai / ataH ahiMsA na avyavahArya hai aura na nirbalatA kI jananI hai| --

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa sUktiyA~ pApAd ghRNA kintu na pApivargAnmanuSyataivaM prabhavennisargAt / / 17 / 7 / / pApa se ghRNA karanA cAhiye, kintu pApiyoM se nhiiN| manuSyatA svabhAva se hI yaha saMdeza detI hai / sandarbha 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, pR. 181 - 182 | 2. alaMkAra cintAmaNi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha saMskaraNa 1 / 102 | 3. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalATIkA kA samanvita prathama jilda pR. 6 | 4. tattvArthasUtra a. 5 sUtra - 301 5. tattvArthasUtra adhyAya a. 9 sUtra 6. tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 9, sUtra 3 | 11 173

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174 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pariccheda - 4 sarvajJatA kI siddhi AcArya jJAnasAgara ne sarvajJatA kI siddhi kA pratipAdana karate huye likhA ki jaba yaha AtmA samasta moha rAgAdi rUpa vikArI bhAvoM se vimukta ho atIndriya sukha ko prApta kara letI hai, jisa nirmala jJAna ke prakAza meM vizva ke samasta jJeya padArtha darpaNavat pratibimbata hone lagate haiM usa pUrNajJAna se hI sarvajJatA kI siddhI hotI hai| yathA - naizcalyamAptvA vilasedyadA tu sadA samastaM jagadatra bhaatu| yadIkSyatAmindhananAma bAhyaM tadeva bhUyAduta bahnidAhyam / / 4 / / -viiro.srg.20| arthAt jaba yaha AtmA kSobha-rahita nizcala hokara vilasita hotA hai, taba usameM pratibimbita yaha samasta jagat spaSTataH dikhAI dene lagatA hai; kyoMki jJeya padArthoM ko jAnanA hI jJAnarUpa AtmA kA svabhAva hai| jaise bAhirI dAhya IMdhana ko jalAnA dAhaka rUpa agni kA kAma hai, usI prakAra bAhirI samasta jJeyoM ko jAnanA jJAyaka rUpa AtmA kA svabhAva hai| bhaviSya meM hone vAle, vartamAna meM vidyamAna aura bhUtakAla meM utpanna ho cuke- aise traikAlika padArthoM kI paramparA ko jAnanA nirAvaraNa jJAna kA mAhAtmya hai| jJAna ke AvaraNa dUra ho jAne se sArvakAlika vastuoM ko jAnane vAle pavitra jJAna ko sarvajJa bhagavAna dhAraNa karate haiN| ataH ve sarvajJa hote haiN| bhaviSyatAmatra satAM gatAnAM tathA praNAlIM dadhataH pratAnAm / jJAnasya mAhAtmyamasAvabAdhA-vRtteH pavitraM bhgvaanthaa'dhaat|| 5 / / -vIro.sarga.201

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175 vIrodaya kA svarUpa vedoM meM bhI sarvavettA hone kA ullekha hai| jaise maNi ke andara vidyamAna camaka zANa se prakaTa hotI hai, usI prakAra manuSya meM sarvajJa banane kI zakti hai, vaha zruti ke nimitta se prakaTa hotI hai| nyagAdi vede yadi sarvavitkaH niSedhayettaM ca punaH sucitkaH / zrutyaiva sa syAditi tUpakalRptiH zANena kiM vA dRSado'pi dRptiH / / 11 / / -vIro.sarga.201 jaise suI mAlA banAte samaya krama-krama se eka-eka puSpa ko grahaNa karatI hai, kintu hamArI dRSTi to TokarI meM rakhe huye samasta puSpoM ko eka sAtha hI eka samaya meM grahaNa kara letI hai| isI prakAra chadmastha jIvoM kA indriya-jJAna krama-krama se eka-eka padArtha ko jAnatA hai, kintu jinakA jJAna AvaraNa se mukta ho gayA hai, ve samasta padArthoM ko eka sAtha jAna lete haiN| yathA - sUcI kramAdaJcati kautukAni karaNDake tatkSaNa eva taani| bhavanti tadvadbhuvi nastu bodha ekaikazo mukta iyAnna rodhH|| 12 / / __-viiro.srg.20| ___ parokSa jyotiSazAstra Adi se jJAta hone vAle sUrya-grahaNa, candra grahaNa Adi bAtoM ko svIkAra karake bhI yadi koI atIndriya pratyakSajJAna ke dvArA jJAta hone vAlI vastuoM ko svIkAra na kareM, to use durAgraha ke sivAya aura kyA kahA jAya? kyoMki pratyakSadRSTA ke vacanoM ko hI zAstra kahate haiN| isIlie pratyakSa-dRSTA sarvajJa ko svIkAra karanA caahie| jaise gurU ke binA ziSya nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra sarvadarzI ke binA zAstra kA jJAna honA saMbhava nahIM hai| vizva-dRSTA sarvajJa kA jJAna pratyakSa hokara bhI indriya, Aloka Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA hI utpanna hotA hai| bhagavAna purU (RSabha) deva ne 'akSaM AtmAnaM prati yad vartate, tatpratyakSaM' aisA kahA hai| jo jJAna kevala AtmA kI sahAyatA se utpanna ho, vaha pratyakSa jJAna kahalAtA hai

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176 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana aura jo jJAna indriya, Aloka Adi kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai, vaha jJAna jainAgama meM parokSa hI mAnA gayA hai| AtmAnamakSaM prati vartate yat pratyakSamityAha purUH pureyat / rAdindriyAdyairUpajAyamAnaM parokSamAdbhavatIha mAnam / / 21 / / -vIro.sarga.201 __ "zrI vardhamAna svAmI ne sarvajJatA ko prApta kiyA thA"- yaha bAta kevala zraddhA kA hI viSaya nahIM hai, apitu itihAsa se bhI prasiddha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko divya jJAnI aura janmAntaroM kA vettA kahA gayA hai| unake dvArA pratipAdita anekAnta ke mArga se hI laukika, dArzanika evaM Adha yAtmika / ta kI pravRtti samIcIna rUpa se cala sakatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mokSa-gamana mAnava-jIvana kA carama lakSya mokSa prApta karanA hai| mokSa kA artha hai, bandhanoM kA bigalana (nirbandha honA) chuTakArA prApta karanA / saMsAra ke koTi-koTi jana ko yaha mukti yA AtmA kI svatantratA to abhISTa hai, parantu purUSArtha kI ora pravRtti abhISTa nahIM hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne athaka tapa, saMyama aura sAdhanA ke mArga para calakara yoga aura kaSAyoM ke nirodha dvArA nirvANa kI prApti kii| ve svayaM kAmanAoM se lar3e, viSaya-vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kI, hiMsA ko parAjita kiyA, asatya ko parAbhUta kiyA tathA nirvANa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| mahAvIra isa dharatI ko jJAnAmRta se siMcana karate hue pAvApura nAmaka sthAna meM padhAre aura vahA~ ke manorama nAmaka vana ke madhya aneka sarovaroM ke bIca meM maNimaya zilA para virAjamAna hue| bihAra karanA chor3akara unhoMne karmoM kI nirjarA ko vRddhiMgata kiyaa| jinendravIro'pi vibodhya santataM samantato bhvysmuuhsnttim| prapadya pAvAvanagarI garIyasI manoharodyAnavane tadIyake / / -harivaMza pu. jJA. saM. 66/15 /

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa 177 mahAvIra ne yoga nirodhArtha SaSThopavAsa dhAraNa kiyA aura kAyotsarga dvArA karma-prakRtiyoM kA vinAza kiyaa| ebhiH samaM tribhuvanAdhipatirvihatya, triMzatsamAH sklstvhitopdeshii| pAvApurasya kusumArcita pAdapAnAM, ramyaM zriyopavanamApi tato jineNdrH|| anya Agama-granthoM se bhI avagata hotA hai ki tIrthakara mahAvIra ne Ayu ke do dina avaziSTa rahane para vihAra rUpa kAyayoga, dharmopadeza rUpa vacana yoga evaM kriyA rUpa manoyoga kA nirodha kara pratimAyoga dhAraNa kiyA aura pAvApura ke bAhara avasthita sarovara ke madhya meM kAyotsarga grahaNa kara aghAtiyA karmoM kI pacAsI prakRtiyoM kA kSaya kiyaa| kRtvA yoganirodhamujjhitasabhaH SaSThe na tsminvne| vyutsargeNa nirasya nirmalarUciH karmANyazeSANi sH|| sthitvendAvapi kArtikAsita caturdazyAM nizAnte sthite| svAtau sanmati rAsasAda bhagavAnsiddhiM prasiddhazriyam / / ___bha. mahAvIra ne kArtika kRSNA caturdazI kI rAtri ke antima prahara meM svAti-nakSatra ke rahate hue I. pU. 527 meM mokSa-pada prApta kiyaa| zvetAmbara-granthoMkI mAnyatA ke anusAra tIrthakara mahAvIra pAvAnagarI ke rAjA hastipAla ke rajjuka sabhA-bhavana meM amAvasyA kI samasta rAtri dharma-dezanA karate hue mokSa pdhaare| AcArya jJAnasAgara ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM bha. mahAvIra ke mokSa gamana ke prasaMga meM likhA hai ki zarada Rtu meM ati mRdula zarIra ko dhAraNa karane ke lie kArtika kRSNA caturdazI kI rAtri meM ekAnta sthAna ko prApta hue| usI rAtri ke antima samaya meM ve dhIra vIra mahAvIra pAvAnagarI ke upavana meM mukti lakSmI ke anugAmI bane aura usake mArga kA anusaraNa karate hue ve sadA ke liye cale gye| api mRdubhAvAdhiSThazarIraH siddhizriyamanusatu vIraH / kArtikakRSNAdhIndunumAyAstithenizAyAM vijynmthaa'yaat|| 20 / / -vIro.sarga.21 /

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178 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana paurANika AravyAnoM kA digdarzana jaina - paramparA avantI meM candragupta kA rAjyArohaNa mahAvIra nirvANa ke 215 varSa pazcAt mAnatI hai| yaha aitihAsika tathya hai ki candraguptamaurya ne pATilaputra (magadha) meM rAjyArohaNa ke 10 varSa pazcAt avantI meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra itihAsa aura jaina - paramparA ke samanvita Aloka meM mahAvIra kA nirvANa I. pU. 527 siddha hotA hai / prasiddha itihAsakAra DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra, DaoN. eca. sI. rAya caudharI aura DaoN. ke. ke. datta dvArA likhita 'ena eDavAMsa hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA' - meM mahAvIra kI nirvANa - tithi I. pU. 528 mAnI gaI hai| yadyapi ina vidvAnoM ne isa tithi ko nirvivAda nahIM batAyA hai aura isakI asaMgatiyoMkI ora iMgita karate hue hemacandra ke ullekhoM ke sAtha virodha batalAyA hai| hemacandra ne candragupta maurya ke 155 varSa pUrva mahAvIra kA nirvANa batAyA hai| 215 varSa pUrva nahIM / ina saba visaMgatiyoM ke rahane para bhI ukta vidvAn tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi 15 akTUbara I. pU. 527 hI mAnate haiM / 'titthogAlIyapayannA' meM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa rAtri meM arhat mahAvIra tIrthaMkara kA nirvANa huA, usI rAta meM avanti meM pAlaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| ataH 60 varSa pAlaka ke, 150 nandoM ke, 160 mauryoM ke, 35 puSpamitrake, 60 balamitra bhAnumitra ke 40 nabhasena ke aura 100 varSa gardabhilloM ke vyatIta hone para zaka rAjA kA zAsana huA / jaM syaNi siddhigao, arahA titthakaro mahAvIro / taM rayaNimavaMtIe, abhisitto pAlaoM rAyA / / pAlagaraNNo saTTI, puNa paNNasayaM viyANi NaMdANaM / muriyANaM sadvisayaM, paNatIsA pUsamittANaM ( tasya ) / / balamitta - bhANumittA, sadvA cattA ya hoMti nahaseNA / gaddabhasayamegaM puNa, paDivanno to sago rAyA / /

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vIrodaya kA svarUpa paMca ya mAsA paMca ya, vAsA chacceva hoMti vAsasayA / parinivvuassa'rahito to uppanno sarga rAyA / / ' 179 527 I. pU. hai / uparyukta tathyoM kI puSTi 'tiloyapaNNattI', tiloyasAra, dhavalaTIkA' aura harivaMzapurANa se bhI hotI hai|' ina granthoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki nirvANa ke 605 varSa 5 mAha bItane para zaka rAjA huA / isa AdhAra para mahAvIra nirvANa 605 varSa, 5 mAha 78 varSa NivvANe vIrajiNe chavvAsa sadesu paMca - varisesuM / paNamAsesu gadesuM saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA | | 2 paNachassayavassaM paNamAsajudaM gamiya vIraNivvuido / sagarAjo to kakkI caduNavatiyamahiya sagamAsaM / / paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA chacceva hoMti vAsasayA / sagakAle Na ya sahiyA thAveyavvo tado rAsI / / " varSANAM SaTzatIM tyaktvA paJcAgraM mAsapaJcakam / muktiM gate mahAvIre zakarAjastato'bhavat / / ' - DaoN vAsudeva upAdhyAya ne 'guptasAmrAjya kA itihAsa' grantha meM gupta saMvat para vicAra karate samaya jainagranthoM kA AdhAra svIkAra kiyA hai / unhoMne likhA hai alaberUnI se pUrva zatAbdiyoM meM kucha jaina granthakAroM ke AdhAra para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gupta tathA zak kAla meM 241 varSa kA antara hai| prathama lekhaka jinasena, jo 8 vIM zatAbdI meM vartamAna the, unhoMne varNana kiyA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 605 varSa 5 mAha ke pazcAt zak rAjA kA janma huA / dvitIya granthakAra guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa meM likhA hai ki mahAvIra nirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda kalkirAja kA janma huA / 'nemicandra' ne triloka sAra meM likhA hai zakarAja mahAvIra nirvANa ke 605 varSa 5 mAsa ke bAda tathA zakkAla ke 394 varSa 7 mAha ke pazcAt kalkirAja paidA huA / inake yoga se 1000 varSa hote haiM /

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vidvAna lekhaka DaoN. upAdhyAya ne zak saMvat sambandhI jaina dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para zaka aura gupta saMvata kA sambandha vyakta karate hu likhA hai "isa samaya se yaha jJAta hogA ki gupta saMvat kI tithi 241 jor3ane se zak-kAla meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| isa vistRta vivecana ke kAraNa arUberUnI ke kathana kI sArthakatA jJAta ho jAtI hai| yaha nizcit ho gayA ki zak-kAla ke 241 varSa pazcAt gupta - saMvat kA prArambha huA / "" 180 -- . ataH paurANika AravyAnoM ke AdhAra para mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi kArtika kRSNA caturdazI rAtri kA antima prahara, svAti nakSatra, maMgalavAra 15 akTUbara I. pU. 527 hai| sandarbha - 1. titthogAlIyapayannA gAthA 620-623, harivaMza purANa 60 / 487-490 1 2. tiloyapaNNattI bhAga 2 gA. 1511 | 3. tiloyasAra, gAthA, 850 | 4. dhavalATIkA, jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA patra, 537 / 5. harivaMzapurANa, jJAnapITha saMskaraNa 60/551| 6. gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. 181 |

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adhyAya - 4 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana pariccheda - 1 | kavi kI kAvyAtmakatA evaM alaMkAroM kA prayoga | vIrodaya mahAkAvya bAla brahmacArI mahAkavi paMDita bhUrAmala jI kI yazasvI lekhanI se prasUta hai| jo kramazaH jainamuni avasthA meM AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke nAma se prasiddha hue| viSayoM kI AzA se virakta, aparigrahI, karUNA-sAgara, kavi-hRdaya, zAntasvabhAvI, jJAna-dhyAna-tapa meM lavalIna, sAdhanA meM kaThora, tejasvI mhaatmaa| basa yahI thA unakA antara kA aabhaas| zrI bhUrAmala jI eka aise mahAkavi haiM, jinhoMne nirantara Atma-sAdhanA kI ora agrasara rahate hue eka nahIM, aneka mahAkAvyoM kA sRjana kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki Atma-sAdhaka yogI ke lie kAvya bhI Atma-sAdhanA kA aMga bana gayA hai aura sampUrNa jIvana kAvyamaya ho gyaa| aise vyaktitva ke dhanI yogI kA janma rAjasthAna meM jayapura ke samIpa sIkara jile ke rANolI grAma meM huA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma zrI caturbhuja evaM mAtA kA nAma zrImatI ghRtadevI thaa|' brahmacarya-vrata aMgIkAra kara Atma kalyANa evaM jainakAvya-nirmANa ke icchuka paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI dukAna ke kAma kI ora se udAsIna hokara jJAnArAdhana meM hI lIna ho gye| unhoMne adhyayana evaM lekhana ko hI apanI dinacaryA banA liyaa| sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA karate hue unhoMne jaina-sAhitya evaM darzana kI abhivRddhi kii| unake grantha saMskRta evaM hindI donoM hI bhASAoM meM haiN|

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182 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kavi kI kAvyAtmakatA mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara kA kAvyatva, kAvya kI kasauTI para kharA utaratA hai| mAnava-carita tathA mAnava-Adarza prastuta karanA isa mahAkAvya kA pramukha lakSya rahA hai| mahAkavi ne apanI uktiyoM ko lAkSaNikatA evaM vyaMjakatA se maNDita kara/ usameM vakratA lAkara hRdayasparzI banAyA hai, jisase vIrodaya kI bhASA meM apUrva kAvyAtmakatA AvirbhUta huI hai| mahAkavi ne bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka banAne vAle prAyaH sabhI zailIya upAdAnoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| upacAra vakratA, pratIka-vidhAna, alaMkAra-yojanA, muhAvare, lokoktiyA~, sUktiyA~ Adi sabhI tattvoM se unakI bhASA maNDita hai| 'kAvya' zab kav dhAtu ke Nyat pratyaya ke yoga se niSpanna huA hai| 'kava' kA tAtparya hai, varNana krnaa| isa prakAra "kAvya" zabda kA artha hai - kavikRta kisI padArtha kA sundara vrnnn| kAvya ke pramukha aMga - kisI bhI vyakti ke svarUpa kA jJAna karane ke lie hama usake nakha-zikha kA Alocana karate haiN| isI prakAra kAvya kA svarUpa jAnane ke lie hameM usake pramukha aMgoM ke viSaya meM jAnanA caahie| zabda aura artha - kisI padArtha kA varNana karane ke liye sArthaka zabdAvalI kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai jisakA kucha na kucha artha avazya nikalatA hai| alaMkAra purUSa apane ko susajjita karane tathA samRddhi-bahalatA ko darzAne ko lie aura striyA~ apane saubhAgya ko sUcita karane ke lie kaTaka, kuNDala, hArAdi alaMkAroM kA upayoga karatI haiN| isI prakAra kavi pADitya-pradarzana ke lie apanI kavitA-kAminI ko anuprAsa, upamA, zleSa ityAdi se susajjita karatA hai| eka yazasvI vyakti ke lie kuNDalAdi Avazyaka nahIM, isI prakAra kavi ke kAvya kA bhAvapakSa prabala hone para kAvya ke lie upamA-anuprAsAdi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 183 chanda ___ purUSa ko gatizIla banAne kA mahattvapUrNa aura mUrta sAdhana hai - usake caraNadvaya / isI prakAra kAvya-purUSa kI gati avarUddha na ho, usameM pravAha ho isake lie kavi chandoM kA avalambana letA hai| gadya-kAvyoM meM isakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, kintu padya-kAvya pUrNatayA inakA sahArA lekara likhA jAtA hai| chandoM kI isI mahattA ke kAraNa maharSi pANini ne chandoM ko vedoM kA caraNa kahA hai| chanda pAdau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'tha ptthyte| jyotiSAmayanaM cakSurnirUktaM shrotrmucyte|| zikSA prANaM tu vedasya mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam / tasmAtsAGgamadhItyaiva brahmaloke mhiiyte|| rasa purUSa kevala apane zarIra ke bala para jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| use jIvita rakhane vAlI eka amUrta zakti AtmA hotI hai| isI prakAra kAvya bhI kevala zabdArthamaya zarIra se hI grAhya nahIM banatA aura na kevala chanda aura alaMkAra hI use grAhya banA sakate haiN| varan kAvya ko grAhya banAne ke lie bhI Atma-zakti Avazyaka hai| usa Atma-zakti ko sAhityika bhASA meM 'rasa' kahate haiN| isake binA kAvya yA to niSprANa hotA hai, yA bauddhika vyAyAma kA sAdhana / ataH buddhi aura sahRdayatA se yukta acche purUSa ke samAna eka acchA kAvya bhI vahI hai, jisameM buddhi-pakSa aura hRdaya-pakSa kA samanvaya ho| varNya-viSaya - pratyeka kAvya kA koI na koI varNya-viSaya hotA hai| cAhe kAvya kisI kathA para AdhArita ho, yA kisI kI bhakti para, yA deza-prema para / varNya-viSaya na hone para kavi kisakA varNana karegA ? zailI - kAvya likhane kA mukhya uddezya hai - 'sadyaH prnirvRtti|' isa uddezya taka pahu~cane ke lie kavi ko kAvya meM koI mArga cunanA par3atA hai| sAhitya meM isI mArga kA pracalita nAma hai "shailii|"

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184 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana guNa-doSa - jisa prakAra manuSyoM meM guNa-doSa hote haiM, usI prakAra kAvyoM meM bhI ye pAye jAte haiN| para jisa prakAra 'pUjya RSijana' guNoM ko grahaNa karane kA aura doSoM se bacane kA upadeza dete haiM, usI prakAra sAhitya kAvya - zAstrI bhI acche kavi ko upadeza dete haiM ki vaha bhI yathA-sambhava apane kAvya meM mAdhuryAdi guNoM kA ArAdhana kare aura duSkramatvAdi doSoM se bce| AcArya mammaTa ne aise "zabda artha yugala ko kAvya mAnA hai jo doSa rahita ho, guNa sahita ho cAhe kahIM alaMkAra kI yojanA bhale hI na ho, 'tadadoSau zabdArthoM saguNAvanalaGkRtI punaH kvaapi|' sAhitya darpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ne kAvya kI paribhASA dete huye likhA hai "vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam" jo ukti sahRdaya ko bhAvamagna kara de, mana ko chU le, hRdaya ko Andolita kara de, use "kAvya" kahate haiN| jaba mAnava-carita, mAnava-Adarza evaM jagata ke vaicitrya ko kalAtmaka rIti se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, taba aisI ukti kI racanA hotI hai| kalAtmaka rIti kA prANa hai, bhASA kI lAkSaNikatA evaM vyNjktaa| bhASA ko lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka banAne ke upAya haiM : anyokti, pratIka-vidhAna, upacAra-vakratA, alaMkAra-yojanA, bimba-yojanA, zabdoM ke sandarbha vizeSa meM vyaMjanAtmaka gumphana Adi / zabda-sauSThava evaM layAtmakatA bhI kalAtmaka rIti ke aMga haiN| ina sabako AcArya kuntaka ne "vakrokti" nAma diyA hai| sundara kathana kA nAma hI "kAvya-kalA" haiN| ramaNIya kathana-prakAra meM DhalA kathya "kAvya" kahalAtA hai| 'ramaNIyArtha pratipAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam' (paNDitarAja jagannAtha) 'sArabhUto hyarthaH svazabdAnabhidheyatvena prakAzitaH sutarAmeva zobhAmAvahati', dhvanyAloga-4) ye uktiyA~ isa tathya kI puSTi karatI hai|

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 185 kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA se bhASA meM bhAvoM ke svarUpa kA nirdeza karane ke bajAya anubhUti karAne kI zakti A jAtI hai tathA kathana meM ramaNIyatA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| kisI strI ke mukha ko 'sundara' kahane se usake sundara hone kI sUcanA mAtra milatI hai, kintu use candramA yA kamala kahane se saundarya kI anubhUti hotI hai; kyoMki candramA aura kamala ke saundarya kA hameM anubhava hotA hai| ataH ye zabda hamAre anubhava ko jagAkara mukha ke saundarya ko mAnasa-paTala para dRzya banA dete haiN| kisI ke atyanta kruddha hone para hama yahI kaheM ki "vaha atyanta kuddha ho gayA" to isase usake krodhAtireka kI jAnakArI hI milegI, krodhAbhibhUta avasthA kI anubhUti na hogii| isake bajAya hama yaha kaheM ki 'vaha Aga babUlA ho gayA' yA 'usakI AMkhoM ke aMgAre jalane lage to usakI krodhAbhibhUta dazA A~khoM ke sAmane sAkAra ho jaayegii| "koI yuvaka kisI yuvatI se behada prema karatA hai"- aisA kahane se usake prema kI utkRSTatA kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA, kintu 'vaha usa para maratA hai aisA kahane se usake prema kI utkRSTatA anubhava meM A jAtI hai| kisI ko "khataranAka" kahane se kevala usake khataranAka hone kI sUcanA milatI hai, lekina "sA~pa" kahane se usake khataranAkapana kI chAyA mana para chA jAtI hai| ___ isa prakAra jaba vastu-svabhAva, mAnava-anubhUtiyoM evaM vyApAroM ko vAcaka zabda dvArA nirdiSTa na kara upamA upacArAdi (lAkSaNika prayoga) janya bimboM, manobhAvoM ke sUcaka bAhya-vyApAra rUpa anubhAvoM, sandarbha-vizeSa ke vAhaka zabdoM tathA sandarbha-vizeSa meM gumphita zabdoM ke dvArA abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai, taba bhASA, bhAvoM ke svarUpa kI anubhUti karAne yogya banatI hai| ina tattvoM ke dvArA vastu ke saundarya kA utkarSa, mAnava-manobhAvoM evaM anubhUtiyoM kI utkRSTatA, tIkSNatA, ugratA, kaTutA, udAratA, vIbhatsatA, manodazAoM kI gahanatA, kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA, paristhitiyoM aura ghaTanAoM kI hRdaya-prabhAvakatA, marmacchedakatA aura AhlAdikatA Adi anubhUti-gamya ho jAte haiN| inakI anubhUti sahRdaya ke sthAyIbhAvoM ko ubuddha karatI hai| ataH vaha bhAvamagna/rasa-magna ho jAtA hai|

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186 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kathana kI viziSTa paddhati se AvirbhUta ramaNIyatA bhI use AhlAdita karatI hai| yaha viziSTa paddhati hI "zailI" kahalAtI hai| isameM gumphita bhASA kAvya-bhASA kahalAtI hai| bhAratIya kAvya zAStrIya kuntaka ne isa zailI ko "vakratA" kahA hai| anya kAvyazAstriyoM ne ise "cayana" (silekzana) aura "vicalana" nAma diye haiN| chanda prayoga kAvya meM jisa prakAra guNa aura alaMkAra kA sthAna hai, vaise hI chanda-yojanA kA bhI pramukha sthAna hotA hai| chandoM ke binA veda-mantroM kA adhyayana adhyApana sambhava nahIM hai| vaidika jJAna ke liye chandoM kA jJAna anivArya hai| isalie chanda ko veda kA pAda kahA gayA hai| zikSA kalpo'tha vyAkaraNaM nirUktaM chandasAM cayaH / jyotiSAyayanaM caiva pAdAGgAni SaDeva tu|| isa prakAra kAvya ke pAda kA AdhAra bhI chanda hI hai| yathA pAda ke binA sarva sAdhana sampanna vya kta bhI avarUddha gati bana jAtA hai, apanI AdhAra-bhUmi se hI vaMcita hA jAtA hai| tadvat chanda ke abhAva/ viSayAnurUpa chanda kI yojanA na hone se samagra rasa bhAvAdi-sampanna bhI kAvya svAbhAvika abhISTa, samutkRSTa paddhati meM zithila pratIta hotA hai| 'chanda'-zabda 'chanda'-dhAtu se asun pratyaya dvArA niSpanna huaa| isa zabda kA tAtparya aise zloka se hai jo zrotA ko prasanna kara ske| kAvyamImAMsAkAra rAjazekhara ne 'romAMNi chandAMsi' kahakara chanda ko sarva-vyApI sthAna diyaa| __ zlokoM ko jaba caraNoM, varNoM aura mAtrAoM ke AkarSaka bandhana meM nibaddha kiyA jAtA hai taba unameM pravAha, saundarya va geyatA A jAtI hai| phalasvarUpa pAThaka va zrotA jaba aise zlokoM ko par3hatA yA sunatA hai, taba use madhura saMgIta sunane jaisA Ananda AtA hai aura vaha chandobaddha kAvya ko par3hane yA sunane meM aisA lIna ho jAtA hai ki anya sabhI kAryoM ko vismRta kara detA hai| saphala kavi vahI hai jo abhISTa bhAva ke lie tadanurUpa chandoM

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana kI yojanA kara ske| anurUpa chanda meM varNita viSaya marmasparzI, hRdayAvarjaka va rocaka ho jAtA hai / ataH kavi manovaijJAnika va saMgItajJa bhI hotA hai / prApta manogata bhAvoM ke sacce parivAhaka chanda hI hai / laya chandoM kA prANa hai / nAda meM susaMgatA aura suSamAmaya kampana ko 'laya' kahate haiN| jaise nAda kA kampana hI jIvana kA cinha hai / usI prakAra kavitA ke jIvana kA cinha chanda hai / chanda hamAre jIvana meM vizeSa preraNA bharate haiM / 187 kAvya kI padyAtmaka vidhA kI racanA to pUrNatayA chandobaddha padyoM meM hI kI jAtI hai| ataH isa vidhA meM chandoM kA mahattva atyadhika hai| gadyAtmaka vidhA meM chandoM kA itanA mahattva to nahIM hotA, kintu gadya kavi bhI apane kAvyoM meM yatra-tatra chandoMbaddha padyoM kA prayoga karake chandoM ke mahattva kA udghoSa karate haiM / jahA~ kisI na kisI vRtta vizeSa kI siddhi hone lagatI hai| aise hI sthaloM ko sahityadarpaNakAra ne "vRttagandhi" gadyakAvya mAnA hai 1 nATakoM meM bhI jaba koI pAtra apane kathana kI puSTi karanA cAhatA hai yA kisI bhAva vizeSa kA abhinaya karatA hai, taba zIghra hI chandobaddha padyoM kA prayoga karatA hai / mAtrika chandoM meM mAtrAoM kI aura varNika - chandoM meM varNa kI vyavasthA se padyoM ko nibaddha kiyA jAtA hai| sAtha hI sukavi yaha bhI dhyAna rakhate haiM ki kauna se chanda vIrarasa ke varNana meM, kauna se prakRti - varNana meM, kauna bhakti bhAva prakaTa karane meM sahAyaka hoMge ? Adi / kAvya ko AhlAda evaM prANavAna banAne meM chanda mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA abhinIta karate haiN| ataH koI kAvya - zAstrI aura kAvya-praNetA kalA -pakSa ke isa aMga kI upekSA nahIM krtaa| AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM meM pracalita va apracalita donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / vIrodaya meM 988 zlokoM ko 18 chandoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai| upajAti chanda vRttaratnAkara meM batAyA hai ki jahA~ indravajrA va upendravajrA chandoM ke caraNa milAkara chanda banAye jAte haiM, vahA~ do vRttoM kA sAMkarya hone se

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188 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana upajAti chanda bana jAtA hai| AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya ke 503 zlokoM (padyoM) ko isa chanda meM nibaddha kiyA hai| lakSaNa -anantarodIritalakSmabhAjau pAdau yadIyAvupajAtayastAH / itthaM kilAnyAsvapi mizritAsu vadanti jAtiSvidameva nAma / / isa chanda kA prayoga zrRMgArarasa ke AlambanabhUta, udAtta nAyikAoM ke rUpa varNana, vasantaRtu ke varNana meM kiyA jAtA hai| vasanta Rtu ke varNana meM isakA prayoga isa prakAra hai - zlokantu lokopakRtau vidhAtuM patrANi varSA kalamaM ca lAtum / vizAradA'bhyArabhate vicArin bhUyo bhavan vArdala aashukaarii|| 13 / / -vIro.sarga.41 __ prayoga ke anya sthala - prAyaH sabhI sargoM meM pryukt| dvitIya sarga - 2, 5, 7 | SaSTha sarga - 1, 2| navama sarga - 12, 14, 16, 22, 35, 44 | ekonaviMza sarga - 2-4, 10-21, ityaadi| anuSTup chanda AcAryazrI ke grantha meM padyoM kI parigaNanA se suspaSTa hai ki anuSTup chanda unakA apara priya chanda hai| unhoMne 178 padyoM meM isa chanda ko prayukta kiyA hai| lakSaNa-zloke SaSThaM gurU jJeyaM sarvatra laghu paJcakam / dvi-catuSpAdayohasvaM saptamaM diirghmnyyoH|| udAharaNa - saurabhAvagatistasya padmasyeva vapuSyabhUt / yA'sau samastalokAnAM netraaliprtikrssikaa|| 41 / / -viiro.srg.6| prayoga sthala - SaSTha sarga saptama sarga - 37 | aSTama sarga - 1-45 / dazama sarga - 1-37 | paJcadaza sarga - 1-60 / dvAviMzatitama sarga - 28-32|

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana viyoginI AcArya zrI ke kAvyoM meM tRtIya sthAna prApta isa chanda ko kucha AcAryoM ne sundarI nAma diyA hai / vIrodaya mahAkAvya ke 42 padya viyoginI chanda meM nibaddha hai / udAharaNa atha janmani sanmanISiNaH prasasArApyabhito yazaH kiNaH / jagatAM tritayasya sampadA kSubhito'bhUtpramadAmbudhistadA / / 1 / / - vIro.sarga. 7 / 30 / saptama sarga 1-37 | prayoga sthala caturtha sarga mAtrAsamaka isa mahAkAvya meM sarga samApti para 12 padyo meM 16 mAtrAoM vAle isa chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / lakSaNa 'mAtrAsamakaM navamolgAntam / ' udAharaNa - iti duritAndhakArake samaye nakSatraughasaGku le'ghamaye / ajani janA'hlAdanAya tena vIrAhvayavarasudhAspadena / / 39 / / - vIro. sarga. 1 / - prayoga sthala AryA - - navam sarga caturtha sarga - -- - - - 44 / dazama sarga - 39 / tRtIya sarga 61 / SaSTha sarga 38, 39, 40 | drutavilambita 9 zlokoM meM kiyA hai / lakSaNa 'drutavilambitamAha nabhau bharau / ' udAharaNa na hi palAzatarormukulodgatirvanabhuvAM nakharakSatasantatiH / lasati kintu satI samayocitAsurabhiNA''kalitA'pyatilohitA / / 31 / / - vIro. sarga. 6 189 prayoga sthala SaSTha sarga 29, 32, 36 | - 34 | isa chanda kA prayoga graMthakAra ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM mAtrika chaMdoM meM gaNanIya isa chanda ko AcArya zrI ne

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190 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vIrodaya meM svapna-varNana sthala para 26 zlokoM meM prayukta kiyA hai| lakSaNa -yasyAH pAde prathame dvAdaza mAtrAstathA tRtiiye'pi| aSTAdaza dvitIye caturthake paJcadaza sA'ryA / / udAharaNa -zrIjinapadaprAsAdAdavanau kalyANabhAginI ca sdaa| bhagavaccaraNapayojabhramarI yA saMzrRNUta tyaa|| 34 / / -viiro.srg.4| prayoga sthala - caturtha sarga - 34-36, 39-561 7. vaMzastha - isa mahAkAvya meM 25 padyoM meM isa chanda ko nibaddha kiyA lakSaNa - 'jatau tu vaMzasthamudIritaM jrau|' udAharaNa - samunnatAtmA gajarAjavattathA dhurandharo'sau dhavalo'vanau ythaa| svatantravRttiH pratibhAtu siMhavadramAtmavacchazvadakhaNDitotsavaH / / 57 / / -vIro.sarga.41 prayoga sthala - caturtha sarga - 57-60 / navama sarga - 1, 4, 7-13, 15, 20, 22-271 8. basantatilakA AcAryazrI ne isa chanda ko vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM 40 padyoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai| lakSaNa - 'uktA basantatilakA tabhajAjagau gH|' udAharaNa - vIrastu dharmamiti yaM parito'napAyaM vijJAnatastulitamAha jagad-hitAya / tasyAnuyAyidhRtavismaraNAdidoSAdyA'bhUddazA kramagatocyata ityaho saa|| 1 / / ___ -vIro.sarga.221 prayoga sthala bIsavA~ - 25 | ikkIsavA~ sarga - 22, 23, 24 / bAisavA~ sarga - 1-271

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191 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 9. zArdUlavikrIDitam vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM AcAryazrI ne isa chanda kA prayoga sarga ke anta meM chanda parivartana ke lie aura sarga ke nAmollekha karane ke lie kiyA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM 38 zArdUla vikrIr3ita chanda hai| lakSaNa -'sUryAzvairyadi maH sajau satatagAH zArdUlavikrIDitam' udAharaNa -zrImAn zreSThicaturbhujaH sa suSuve bhUrAmaletyAhvayaM / vANIbhUSaNa-varNinaM ghRtavarI devI ca yaM dhiicym| zrI vIrAbhyudaye'munA viracite kAvye'dhunA nAmata - stasmin prAkkathanAbhidho'yamasakau sargaH samAptiM gataH / / 40 / / -viiro.srg.1| prayoga sthala 1. pratyeka sarga kA antima shlok| 2. dvitIya sarga - 46, 47, 48, 49 | caturtha sarga - 28 | saptama sarga - 38 | navama sarga - 45 ityaadi| 10. indravajA - isa mahAkAvya meM 54 zlokoM meM nibaddha indravajrA chanda ke nimna udAharaNa dRSTavya hai - lakSaNa - 'syAdindravajA yadi tau jagau gaH' udAharaNa - dIpo'tha jambUpapadaH samasti sthityAsako madhyagataprazastiH / lakSmyA tvananyopamayopaviSTa: dvIpAntarANAmuparipratiSThaH / / 1 / / -vIro.sarga.21 prayoga sthala dvitIya sarga - 8, 33 / tRtIya sarga - 1, 2, 22 | caturtha sarga - 1, 8, paMcama sarga - 191 11. upendravajA lakSaNa 'upendravajA jatajAstato gauH|

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192 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana udAharaNa- sidvistu vizleSaNametayoH syAt sA sAmprataM dhyaatipdaikpossyaa| svAdhyAyametasya bhavedathAdho yajjIvanaM nAma samasti saadhoH|| 22 / / -viiro.srg.18| prayoga sthala - caturtha sarga - 5 / navama sarga - 33-34 | SoDaza sarga - 311 saptadaza sarga - 17, 21 / unnIsavA~ - 1, 5, 9, 22, 30, 32 | bIsavA~ sarga- 231 12. bhujaMgaprayAta - vIrodaya ke 12 padyoM meM isa chanda kA prayoga huA hai| lakSaNa - ___'bhujaMgaprayAtaM caturbhiryakAraiH / ' udAharaNa -gRhasthasya vRtterabhAvo hyakRtyaM bhavettyAginastadvidhirduSTanRtyam / nRpaH san pradadyAnna duSTAya daNDaM kSatiH syAnmuneretadevaimya maNDam / / 19 / / -viiro.srg.16| 13. mAlinI chanda - vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM mAlinI chanda ke do hI udAharaNa dRSTavya haiN| lakSaNa - "nanamayayayuteyaM mAlinI bhogalokaiH" / / udAharaNa - samavazaraNametannAmato vizrutA''sI-jinapatipadapUtA saMsadeSA zubhAzIH / jani-maraNajaduHkhAdduHkhito jIvarAziriha samupagataH san sambhavedAzu kAzIH / / prayoga sthala-caturtha sarga- 63 / 53 - vIro.sarga.14 | 14. zikhariNI - A. zrI ne eka-do jagaha isa chaMda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| lakSaNa -'rasai rUdraizchinnA yamanasabhalA gaH shikhrinnii'| udAharaNa pitA putrazcAyaM bhavati gRhiNaH kintu na yate - stathaivAyaM vipro vaNigiti ca buddhiM sa labhate / /

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193 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana ya AsInnItijJo'bhyucitaparivArAya mtimaan| prabho! rItijJaH syAttu vikalavikalpapragatimAn / / 46 / / -viiro.srg.17| 15. mandAkrAntA - eka hI sthala para prayukta mandAkrAntA chanda kA lakSaNa hai| lakSaNa - 'mandrAkrAntAmbudhirasanagairmobhanau tau ga yugyam / ' niHsandeha kavi kI kAvyAtmakatA unheM mahAkAvyocita garimA pradAna karane meM pUrNa samartha hai| sUktiyA~ - 1. pApapravRttiH khalu garhaNIyA - pApa meM pravRtti karanA avazya nindanIya hai| 17/22 pApAdapetaM vidadhIta cittaM samasti zaucAya tadekavittam / / 17/23 || apane citta ko pApa se rahita kareM - yahI eka upAya pavitra (zuddha) hone ke liye kahA gayA hai| sandarbha - 1. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana pR. 18-36 | 2. pANinIya zikSA zloka - 41-42 / 3. AcArya vizvanAtha, sAhityadarpaNa, 3-31 |

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__194 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pariccheda - 2 alaMkAra vivecana vANI-bhUSaNa bAla brahmacArI AcArya jJAnasAgara viracita 'vIrodaya' mahAkAvya meM alaMkAroM kA nirdeza karane se pUrva alaMkAra evaM usake svarUpa para bhI spaSTa prabhAva DAlA gayA hai| bhUSaNArthaka 'alam' pUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu se karaNa yA bhAva meM 'gha' pratyaya se niSpanna yaha 'alaMkAra'-zabda sajAvaTa, zrRMgAra, AbhUSaNa, sAhitya-zAstra kA eka aMga, kAvya kA guNa-doSa vivecaka zAstrAdi bahu-arthoM meM vyavahRta hai| veda vedAGaga Adi meM zatazaH prayukta 'alaMkAra' zabda ke AdhAra para niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vedAbdhi hI isakA srota hai jahA~ se preraNA prApta kara kAvya-zAstrIya AcAryoM ne isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vedoM meM araMkRta, araMkRti jaise zabdoM kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvya zAstra ko sAtavA~ vedAGga tathA pandrahavA~ vidyA-sthAna batAyA hai| alaMkAraH saptamamaGgamiti yaataavriiyH| sakala-vidyA-sthAnaikAyatan paMcadazaM kAvyaM vidyAsthAnam / / prAcInakAla meM yaha 'alaMkAra'- zabda sampUrNa sAhitya-zAstra yA kAvya-zAstra ke lie prayukta hotA thaa| AcArya vAmana ne 'alaMkRtiralaMkAraH' athavA 'alaMkriyate'nena' vyutpatti se niSpanna alaMkAra ko zabda-saundarya yA zobhAdAyaka kahA hai| yaha saundarya doSoM ke tyAga evaM guNAlaMkArAdi ke grahaNa Adi se sampAdita hotA hai| 'sAlaMkAra kAvya hI grAhya hai' aisA svIkAra kiyA hai| 'AcArya daNDI' ne kAvya zobhAkAra sabhI dharmoM meM alaMkAra ko hI pradhAnyena svIkAra kiyA hai| 'kAvyazobhAkArAn dharmAnalaMkArAn

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195 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana pracakSate / ' kAvyAdarza meM vakroti sampradAya ke pratiSThApaka, AcArya kuntaka ne 'sAlaMkArasya kAvyatA' kahakara kAvya meM alaMkAra ko mahattva diyA hai| zarIra ke zobhAtizAyI kaTaka, kuNDala Adi kI bhA~ti kAvya meM alaMkAra ko bhI zobhAdAyaka mAnA hai|' __AcArya Anandavardhana ne alaMkAra sampradAya ke AcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita alaMkAra ke aMgitva para AkSepa prastuta karate huye alaMkAra ko rasAdi rUpa kAvyAtmA kA aMga rUpa se honA svIkAra kiyA hai| alaMkAra se kAvya kI zobhA ko pratipAdita karate hue AcArya bhojarAja ne kAvya zobhAkara guNa, rasAdi ko bhI alaMkAra kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| Anandavardhana tathA unake anuyAyI abhinavagupta, mammaTa Adi ne zarIra ke bAhya prasAdhana kaTaka, kuNDalAdi kI bhA~ti zabdArtha rUpa kAvya zarIra meM alaMkAroM ko mAnyatA pradAna kI hai|' alaMkAra kA lakSaNa - alaMkAra zabda "alamkAra" se banA hai, jisakA zAbdika artha hotA hai AbhUSaNa / alaMkAra kAvya kA zobhAvardhaka dharma hai| alaMkRtiralaMkAraH' athavA "alaMkriyate'nena" aura "alaMkaroti iti alaMkAraH'' vyutpatti se niSpanna alaMkAra zabda saundarya yA zobhAdAyaka hai| isake anusAra zarIra ko vibhUSita karane vAle artha yA tattva kA nAma alaMkAra hai| AcArya mammaTa ke anusAra - upakurvanti taM santa yeuMgadvAreNa jAtucit / haaraadivdlNkaaraaste'nupraasopmaadyH|| 67 || kAvya meM vidyamAna aMgIrasa ko zabda va artha rUpa aMga kabhI-kabhI upakRta karate haiM ve anuprAsadi zabdAlaMkAra va upamAdi arthAlaMkAra zarIra ke zobhAvardhaka hArAdi ke samAna kAvya ke alaMkAra hote haiN| AcArya sammaTa ne kAvya ke lakSaNa meM 'analaMkRti punaH kvApi' kahakara kahIM-kahIM kAvya meM alaMkAra na rahane para bhI kAvyatva kI hAni nahIM mAnI hai| tathApi vRtti meM unake isa spaSTIkaraNa se ki 'sarvatra sAlaMkAro kvacit tu

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196 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sphaTAlaMkAravirahe'pi na kAvyatvahAniH' arthAt kAvya meM sarvatra zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra sahita zabda va artha kI yojanA Avazyaka hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM spaSTa rUpa se alaMkAra yojanA na ho to bhI kAvyatva meM hAni nahIM hotI hai, parantu guNoM kI upasthiti sarvatra honI caahie| alaMkAra zabda tathA artha rUpa aMga dvArA aMgIrasa kA upakAra karate haiN| kahIM-kahIM ye alaMkAra ukti-vaicitrya-mAtra karate haiM aura kahIM-kahIM kAvya meM rasa hone para bhI utkarSAdhAyaka nahIM hote haiN| kahIM alaMkAroM kI bahutAyata se rasAsvAdana meM bAdhA hone lagatI hai| kahIM ye rUcikara na hokara bojha se pratIta hote haiN| ataH ye kAvya ke lie bahuta mahattvapUrNa na hokara kavi ke kauzala ke paricAyaka hote haiN| uparyukta vivecana ke uparAnta AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara jI ne kAvya-zAstriyoM/alaMkArikoM dvArA kAvya-racanA meM jina alaMkAroM kA honA svIkAra kiyA hai, ve sabhI alaMkAra vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM gumphita kiye haiN| unhoMne apanI kavitA-kAminI ke sajAne ke lie nimna alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| yathA-anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, apahuti, atizayokti, tulyayogitA, prativastUpamA, dRSTAnta, nidarzanA, arthAntaranyAsa, svabhAvokti, tadguNa, aprastutaprazaMsA, dIpaka, vibhAvanA, ekAvalI, punarUktavadAbhAsa aadi| anuprAsa, yamaka, upamA, utprekSA aura apahuti alaMkAra inako vizeSa rUpa se priya haiN| yahA~ kucha alaMkAroM ke udAharaNa prastuta haiM - 1. anuprAsa lakSaNa (1) 'varNasAmyamanuprAsaH' (2) 'anuprAsaH zabdasAmyaM vaiSamye'pi svarasya yat / ' sAhityadarpaNakAra ke anusAra svara kI viSamatA hone para bhI vyaMjanamAtra kI samAnatA ko "anuprAsa-alaMkAra" kahate haiN|

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 197 udAharaNa - parAganIrodbharitaprasUna-zrRMgairanagai kasakhA mukhaani| madhurdhanI nAma vanIjanInAM marUtkareNokSatu tAni maanii|| 13 / / -viiro.srg.6| ukta padya meM n, ra, evaM ma, dha ityAdi vargoM kI punarAvRtti ho rahI hai| isI prakAra granthArabhma ke maMgalAcaraNa vAle zloka meM sevA tathA mevA aura hRdo'pi meM bhI antyAnuprAsa kI chaTA manohArI hai| zriye jinaH so'stu yadIyasevA samastasaMzrotRjanasya mevaa| drAkSeva mRdvI rasane hRdo'pi prasAdinI no'stu manAk shrmo'pi|| 1 / / -vIro.sarga.11 2. yamaka lakSaNa - 'arthe satyarthabhinnAnAM varNAnAM sA punaH zrutiH ymkm|' __ artha hone para bhinnArthaka varNo kI punaH usI krama se AvRtti yamaka kahalAtI hai| udAharaNa - samAzritA mAnavatA'stu tena samAzritA mAnavatAstu ten| pUjyeSvathA'mAnavatA janena samutthasAmA navatA 'pnen|| 12 || -vIro.sarga.171 isa zloka meM prathama caraNa kI AvRtti dvitIya caraNa meM kI gii| ataH yahA~ 'mukha-yamaka' hai| isI zloka ke prathama caraNa kA madhya "ga dUsare caraNoM ke madhya bhAga meM AvRtta huA hai| ataH yaha eka dezaja madhya-yamaka bhI hai|

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198 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 3. zleSa - lakSaNa - vAcyabhedena bhinnA yad yugapadbhASaNaspRzaH / zliSyanti zabdAH shlesso'saavkssraadibhirssttdhaa||' artha kA bheda hone para bhinnArthaka zabda jaba milakara eka ho jAte haiM taba vaha zleSa kahalAtA hai| candraprabhaM naumi yadaMgasArastaM kaumudastomamurIcakAra / sukhaJjanaH saMlabhate praNazyattagastayA''tmIyapadaM samasya / / 3 / / -viiro.srg.1| ___ isa padya meM 'kaumudastoma' zabda meM zleSa hai| ukta pada ko vibhakta karane para kau arthAt pRthvI para mudastoma arthAt harSAtireka ho gayA hai| dvitIya candrapakSa meM "kumudAnAM samUhaH kaumudaH"- aisA samAsa karane para cA~danI zveta kamaloM ke samUha ko vikasita kara rahI hai aisA ubhayakoTika artha nikala rahA hai| zItakAla ke varNana meM zleSa kI chaTA kA eka aura udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta haizAkhiSu vipallavatvamathetat saMkucitatvaM khalu mitre'tH| zaityumupetya sadAcaraNeSu kalahamite dvijagaNe'tra me zuk / / 43 / / ___ -vIro.sarga.91 isa zloka ke do artha haiN| eka zItakAla ke pakSa meM aura dUsarA ApatkAla ke pakSa meN| zloka kA eka artha isa prakAra hai- zItakAla ko pAkara vRkSoM kA pattoM se rahita ho jAnA, dina kA choTA honA, pairoM kA ThiThuranA aura dA~toM kA kiTakiTAnA mere lie zoka kA kAraNa hai| zloka kA dUsarA artha hai - "kuTumbIjanoM kA vipatti-grasta honA, mitra kA saMkucita evaM udAsInatAmaya vyavahAra, sadAcaraNa meM zaithilya aura brAhmaNoM meM kalaha honA mere lie zocanIya hai| arthAlaMkAra - artha meM saundarya hone se kucha alaMkAra arthAlaMkAra kahalAte haiN|

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 4. upamA 199 arthAlaMkAroM meM pradhAna upamA alaMkAra hai / upamA alaMkAroM meM samrAjJI hai| usake sagrAjJI pada ko muni jJAnasAgara ne atyadhika sammAna diyA hai| prAkRtika padArthoM, nagaroM aura Rtu-varNana meM unhoMne isakA khUba prayoga kiyA hai| AcArya mammaTa ke anusAra 'sAdharmyamupamA bhede' / upamAna va upameya kA bheda hone para unake sAdharmya kA varNana upamA kahalAtA hai / rAnI priyakAriNI ke varNana meM mAlopamA kA eka udAharaNa 'dayeva dharmasya mahAnubhAvA kSAntistathA'bhUttapasaH sadA vA / puNyasya kalyANaparamparevA'sau tatpadAdhIna samartha sevA / / 16 / / - vIro.sarga. 3 / udAra bhAvoM vAlI vaha rAnI dharma kI dayA ke samAna, tapa kI kSamA ke samAna, puNya kI kalyANa paramparA ke samAna rAjA ke caraNoM meM rahatI huI sadA hI usakI pUrNa sAmarthya se sevA karatI thI / prastuta zloka meM dayA, kSamA, kalyANa paramparA rAnI ke upamAna rUpa meM prastuta haiM / tapa, dharma, puNya upameya haiM, iva zabda upamA kA vAcaka hai / "tatpadAdhIna samartha sevA" sAdhAraNa dharma hai| 5. rUpaka AcArya mammaTa ne navama ullAsa meM rUpaka kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai - jahA~ upameya kA niSedha na kara upamAna ke sAtha sAdRzyAtizaya ke prabhAva se tAdAtmya dikhAyA jAtA hai| upamAna -upameya meM abhedAropa kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ rUpaka alaMkAra hotA hai 'tadrUpakamabhedo ya upamAnopameyayoH' / lakSaNa udAharaNa - yatkRSNavartmatvamRte pratApavahniM sadA'muSya jano'bhyavApa / tato'numAtvaM prati cAdbhutatvaM lokasya no kintu vitarkasattvam / / 6 / / - vIro.sarga. 3 /

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200 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kavi ne rAjA ke pratApa ko agni kahA hai| upameya va upamAna meM tAdAtmya sambandha sthApita kiyA hai| ataH yahA~ rUpaka alaMkAra hai| vasanta-Rtu ke varNana meM rUpaka kA eka anya udAharaNa prastuta haimukulapANipuTena rajo'bjinI dRzi dadAti ruucaambujjidRshaam| sthalapayojavane smaradhUrtarAD Dharati taddhRdayadraviNaM rasAt / / 34 / / -viiro.srg.6| gulAba aura kamala ke puSpoM vAle usa vana meM apanI zobhA se kamala ko jItane vAlI striyoM ke netroM meM apane mukulita hasta ke done se kamalinI puSpa-parAga rUpI dhUla DAla rahI hai aura kAmadeva rUpI dhUrtarAja avasara pAte hI unake hRdaya-rUpI dhana ko curA rahA hai| prastuta zloka meM mukulapaTa, parAga, kAmadeva aura hRdaya kA kramazaH hAtha ke done, dhUla, dhUrtarAja aura dhana se abheda sthApita kiyA gayA hai| isalie yahA~ rUpaka alaMkAra hai| 6. utprekSA - kavi ne mahAkAvya meM utprekSA alaMkAra ko vyApaka sthAna diyA hai| AcArya mammaTa ke anusAra lakSaNa - 'saMbhAvanamathotprekSA prakRtasya samena yt|' upameya kI upamAna ke sAtha eka rUpatA kI sambhAvanA utprekSA alaMkAra kahalAtI hai| rAjA siddhArtha kI samRddhizIlatA aura yazasvitA ke sambandha meM kavi kI utprekSA isa prakAra hai| he tAta! jAnUcitalambabAho GgavimuJcettanujA tvaaho| saMbhAsvapItthaM gadituM nRpasya kIrtiH samudrAntamavApa tasya / / 11 / / -viiro.srg.3| samudra ko sambodhita karate hue kavi kahate haiM ki tumhArI putrI lakSmI ghuTanoM taka lambI bhujAoM vAle rAjA siddhArtha ke zarIra kA AliMgana karanA sabhAoM meM bhI nahIM chodd'tii| usake isI vyavahAra ko batAne ke lie

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 201 hI mAnoM usa rAjA kI kIrti samudra taka pahuMca gaI hai arthAt siddhArtha kA yaza samudra taka phaila gayA hai| isalie kavi ne ukta utprekSA kI hai| rasairjagatplAvayituM kSaNena sUtkaNThito'yaM mudirsvnen| tanoti nRtyaM mRdu-maJjulApI mRdaGganiHsvAnajitA klaapi|| 9 / / -vIro.sarga.41 rasoM se jagat ko eka kSaNa meM AplAvita karane ke lie hI mAnoM mRdaMga kI dhvani ko jItane vAle meghoM ke garjana se ati utkaMThita aura mRdu maJjula zabda karane vAlA isa kalApI (mayUra) ke dvArA nRtya kiyA jAtA yahA~ varSAkAla kI nATaka-ghara ke rUpa meM sambhAvanA kI gaI hai; kyoMki isa samaya meghoM kA garjana to mRdaMgoM kI dhvani ko gRhaNa kara letA hai aura use sunakara prasanna ho mayUragaNa nRtya karate hue sarasa saMgIta rUpa miSTa bolI kA vistAra karate haiN| varSA-Rtu ke varNana meM bhI kavi kI utprekSA dekhiye - vasundharAyAstanayAn vipadya niyntimaaraatkhrkaalmdy| zampApradIpaiH pariNAmavArdrAgvilokayantyambumuco'ntarArdrAH / / 11 / / -vIro.sarga.4 7. dRSTAnta - lakSaNa - 'dRSTAntaH puraneteSAM sarveSAM pratibimbanam' jahA~ upamAnopameya meM vidyamAna sAdhAraNa dharma kA do vAkyoM meM bimba-pratibimba-bhAva rUpa se varNana ho, vahA~ dRSTAnta-alaMkAra hotA hai| udAharaNa - prabhorabhUtsamprati divyabodhaH vidyA'vaziSTA kthmstvto'thN| kalAdhare tiSThati tArakANAM tatiH svato vyomni dhRtprmaannaa|| 49 / / -viiro.srg.12|

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202 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saa|| bhagavAna ko jaba divyabodhi prApta ho gayA to saMsAra kI samasta vidhAoM meM se koI bhI vidyA avaziSTa kaise raha sakatI thI ? AkAza meM kalAdhara (candra) ke rahate huye tArAoM kI paMkti to svataH hI apane parivAra ke sAtha udita ho jAtI hai| 8. atizayokti - lakSaNa - nigIryAdhyavasAnantu prakRtasya pareNa yt| prastutasya yadanyatvaM yadyarthoktau ca kalpanam / / kArya - kAraNayoryazca paurvAparyaviparyayaH / vijJeyA'tizayoktiH upamAna ke dvArA upamaya kA nigIraNa karake adhyavasAna karanA/prastuta artha kA anya rUpa se varNana karanA/yadi ke samAnArthaka zabda lagAkara kalpanA karanA, ,kArya-kAraNa ke paurvAparya kA viparyaya karanA atizayokti alaMkAra hai| udAharaNa meroryadauddhatyamitA nitambe phullatvamabjAdathavA''syabimbe / gAmbhIryamabdherUta nAbhikAyAM zroNau vizAlatvamatho dhraayaa|| 22 / / -vIro.sarga. 31 usa rAnI ne apane nitamba bhAga meM sumerU kI uddhatatA ko, mukha-bimba meM kamala kI praphullatA ko, nAbhi meM samudra kI gambhIratA ko aura bhoNibhAga meM pRthvI kI vizAlatA ko dhAraNa kiyA thaa| 9. arthAntaranyAsa - lakSaNa- sAmAnyaM vA vizeSo vA tadanyena smrthyte| yattu so'rthAntaranyAsaH sAdharmyaNeteraNa vA / / sAmAnya athavA vizeSa kA usase bhinna ke dvArA jo samarthana kiyA pa -

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 203 jAtA hai vaha arthAntaranyAsa sAdharmya va vaidharmya se do prakAra kA hotA hai| AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara kI kisI bhI stuti meM arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra kI chaTA parilakSita hotI hai - udAharaNa - na cAtakInAM praharet pipAsAM payodamAlA kimu janmanA saa| yuSmAkamAzaMkitamuddhareyaM tarke rUciM kinna samuddhareyam / / 22 || -viiro.srg.5| yadi meghamAlA pyAsa se vyAkula cAtakiyoM kI pyAsa nahIM bujhAtI hai to usake janma se kyA lAbha? tuma sabakI AzaMkAoM ko maiM kyoM na samApta karU~ aura tarka meM rUci kyoM na dhAraNa karU~ ? prastuta padya kI prathama paMkti meM samAnya bAta kahI gaI hai| usakA samarthana dvitIya paMkti ke vizeSa kathana se kiyA gayA hai| ataH yahA~ arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hai| vIra prabhu kI mAtA kI garbhakAlIna zArIrika avasthA kA varNana karane vAlA eka udAharaNa haikavitvavRtyetyudito na jAtu vikAra aasiijjinraajmaatuH| syAddIpikAyAM marUto'dhikAraH kva-vidyutaH kintu tathAticAraH / / 11 / / -viiro.srg.6| yahA~ Upara kI paMkti rUpa vizeSa kA nIce kI paMkti rUpa sAmAnya se samarthana kiye jAne ke kAraNa arthAtaranyAsa hai| 10. samAsokti lakSaNa - 'paroktirbhedakaiH zliSTai: samAsoktiH / / jahA~ samAna vizeSAMkoM, samAna kAryoM aura samAna liMga se upameya se anya arthAt aprastuta artha abhivyakta hotA hai vaha saMkSepa meM ukti arthAt samAsokti kahI gayI hai -

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204 vIrodaya mahAMkAvya aura 1. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana udAharaNa zlokantu lokopakRtau vidhAtuM patrANi varSA kalamaM ca lAtum / vizAradA'myArabhate vicArin bhUyo bhavan vArdala aashukaarii|| 13 / / -vIro.sarga.41 jaise koI vizAradA (viduSI) strI lokopakAra ke hetu zloka kI racanA karane ke liye patra, masipAtra aura kalama lAne ke lie udyata hotI hai, usI prakAra yaha vizAradA arthAt zarada Rtu se rahita varSA RtulokopakAra ke lie mAnoM zloka racane ko vRkSoM ke patra rUpI kAgaja, bAdala rUpI davAta aura dhAnya rUpa kalama ko apanA rahI hai| punaH he vicArazIla mitra! ukta kArya ko sampanna karane ke lie yaha bAdala bAra-bAra zIghratA kara rahA hai| "Azu" nAma nAnA prakAra ke dhAnyoM kA bhI hai, so yaha megha jala-varSA karake dhAnyoM ko zIghra utpanna kara rahA hai| ukta padya meM kahA to gayA hai vizAradA strI ke sambandha meM, kintu artha abhivyakta ho rahA hai varSA-Rtu smbndhii| ataH yahA~ samAsokti hai| 11. kAvyaliMga lakSaNa - 'kAvyaliMga hetorvaakypdaarthtaa|12 jahA~ koI bAta kahI jAye aura usakA hetu upasthita kiyA jAye vahA~ kAvyaliMga hotA hai| udAharaNa anye'pi bahavo jAtAH kumArazramaNA narAH / sarveSvapi jayeSvaga-gataH kAmajayo ytH|| 41 / / -viiro.srg.8| anya bhI bahuta se manuSya kumAra zramaNa hue haiM arthAta vivAha na karake kumAra-kAla meM dIkSita hue haiM kyoMki sabhI vijayoM meM kAma para vijaya pAnA agragaNya hai|

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205 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 12. apahuti lakSaNa - 'prakRtaM yanniSidhyAnyatsAdhyate sA tvpkutiH|' artha - jahA~ upameya kA niSedha kara upamAna kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai, vahA~ apahuti alaMkAra hotA hai| vIrodaya meM AcAryazrI ne zaratkAlIna AkAza-varNana meM apahuti kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| udAharaNa - tArApadezAnmaNimuSThi nArAtpratArayantI vigtaadhikaaraa| somaM zaratsammukhamIkSamANA rUSeva varSA tu kRtpryaannaa|| 9 / / -vIro.sarga.211 candramA ko zarada-Rtu ke sammukha dekhatI huI apane adhikAra se vaMcita varSA-Rtu mAnoM rUSTa hokara tAroM ke bahAne se muTThI meM bharI huI maNiyoM ko pheMka kara pratAraNA karatI huI calI gii| ___ varSAkAla meM AkAza meghoM se DhakA rahatA hai taba candramA aura tAre dikhAI nahIM dete| zaradakAla meM AkAza svaccha ho jAne se candramA, tAre dikhAI dene lagate haiN| kavi ne isI prastuta bAta kA niSedha kara isa aprastuta bAta kA vidhAna kiyA hai ki pahale candramA varSA ke adhikAra meM thA aura tAre usakI muTThI meM the kintu zaratkAla Ane para candramA isake adhikAra meM nahIM rhaa| taba krodha meM Akara tAroM ke bahAne se muTThI meM bharI maNiyoM ko bhI usane pheMka diyaa| yahA~ para tAroM ke sthAna para maNiyoM kA sthApana hone se apahuti alaMkAra hai| 13. ekAvalI alaMkAra - lakSaNa - sthApyate'pohate vApi yathApUrva paraM param / vizeSaNatayA yatra vastu saikAvalI dvidhA / / 4 jahA~ pUrva vastu ke prati uttara vastu vizeSaNa rUpa se rakhI jAe athavA haTAyI jAya vahA~ ekAvalI alaMkAra hotA hai| vaha do prakAra kA

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206 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hotA hai| dvitIya kA udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta hai - nAsau naro yo na vibhAti bhogI bhogo'pi nAsau na vRsspryogii| vRSo na so'sakhya-samarthitaH syAtsakhyaM ca tannAtra kadApi na syAt / / 38 / / ___ --viiro.srg.2| usa kuNDanapura meM aisA koI manuSya nahIM thA, jo bhogI na ho aura vahA~ koI aisA bhoga nahIM thA, jo ki dharma saMprayogI arthAt dharmAnukUla na ho, vahA~ aisA koI dharma nahIM thA, jo ki asakhya (zatrutA) samarpita arthAt zatrutA paidA karane vAlA ho aura aisI koI mitratA na thI, jo ki kadAcitka ho arthAt sthAyI na ho| 14. bhrAntimAna - jaba kisI vastu meM samatA ke kAraNa anya vastu kI bhrAnti kavi pratibhA ke dvArA samutpanna hotI hai to vahA~ bhrAntimAn alaMkAra hotA hai - lakSaNa - 'bhrAntimAnanya saMvit tattulyadarzane' 115 udAharaNa - yatkhAtikAvAriNi vAraNAnAM lasanti zaMkAmanusandadhAnAH / zanaizcarantaH pratimAvatArAnninAdino vaarimuco'pyudaataa|| 30 / / --viiro.srg.2| udAra, garjanA yukta evaM dhIre-dhIre jAte hue megha nagara kI khAI ke jala meM pratibimbata apane rUpa se hAthiyoM kI zaMkA ko utpanna karate hue zobhita hote haiN| yahA~ khAI ke jala meM pratibimbata meghoM meM hAthI kI bhrAnti ho rahI hai| 15. sandeha - lakSaNa - 'sasandehastu bhedoktau tadanuktau ca saMzayaH' 116 jaba upameya meM upamAna kA saMzaya utpanna kiyA jAtA hai, taba sandeha alaMkAra hotA hai|

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 207 udAharaNa - gatvA pratolIzikharAgralagnendukAnta niryjjlmaapipaasuH| bhIto'tha tatrollikhitAnmRgendrAdindomuMgaH prtypyaatythaa''shu|| 34 / / _ -viiro.srg.2| jinAlayoM kI pratolI (dvAra ke UparI bhAga) ke zikhara ke agrabhAga para lage candrakAntimaNiyoM se nikalate hue jala ko pIne kA icchuka candramA kA mRga vahA~ jAkara aura vahA~ para ullikhita (utkIrNa, citrita) apane zatru mRgarAja (siMha) ko dekhakara bhayabhIta ho turanta hI vApisa lauTa AtA hai| yahA~ para citrita siMha meM yathArtha siMha kA saMzaya hone ke kAraNa saMdeha alaMkAra hai| 16. virodhAbhAsa - jahA~ virodha jaisA pratibhAsita to ho; kintu yathArtha meM virodha na ho, vahA~ virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra hotA hai| lakSaNa - virodhaH so'virodhe'pi virUddhatvena yadvacaH / " udAhaNa - narapo vRSabhAvamAptavAn mahiSIyaM puranetakasya vaa| anayoravikAriNI kriyA samabhUtsA dhu sadAmaho priyaa|| 36 || -vIro.sarga.3 / yaha siddhArtha rAjA vRSabhAva (bailapane) ko prApta huA aura isakI rAnI mahiSI (bhaiMsa) huI para yaha to virUddha hai ki baila kI stra bhaiMsa ho| ataH parihAra yaha hai ki rAjA to parama dhArmika thA aura priyakAriNI usakI paTTarAnI bnii| ina donoM rAjA-rAnI kI kriyA avi (bheDa) ko utpanna karane vAlI ho, para yaha kaise sambhava hai| usakA parihAra hai ki usakI manovinoda Adi sabhI kriyAeM vikArarahita thiiN| vaha rAnI mAnuSI hokara bhI devoM kI priyA (strI) thii| yaha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| isakA parihAra hai ki vaha apane guNoM dvArA devoM ko bhI atyanta pyArI thii|

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208 ___vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vabhUva kasyaiva balena yuktazca nA'dhunAsau kavale niyuktaH / surakSaNo'sAvasurakSaNo'pi janairamAnIti vdhaiklopii|| 48 / / -vIro.sarga.121 bhagavAna usa samaya kabala arthAt AtmA ke bala se to yukta hue, kintu kavala arthAt anna ke pAsa se saMyukta nahIM hue arthAt kevala jJAna prApta hone ke pazcAt bhagavAna kavalAhAra se rahita ho gye| phira bhI ve nirbala nahIM hue| pratyuta Atmika ananta bala se yukta ho ge| ve surakSita hote hue bhI asurakSita the| yaha virodha hai ki jo suroM kA kSaNa (utsava-harSa) karane vAlA ho, vaha asuroM kA harSa varddhaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? isakA parihAra yaha hai ki ve devoM ke harSavarddhaka hote hue bhI asu-dhArI (prANI) mAtra ke bhI pUrNa rakSaka evaM harSa-varddhaka the| isIlie logoM ne unheM vadha (hiMsA) mAtra kA lopa karane vAlA aura pUrNa ahiMsaka maanaa| yahA~ virodha jaisA pratibhAsita ho rahA hai para yathArtha meM virodha nahIM hai| ye virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra hai| 17. parisaMkhyA alaMkAra jaba pUchI yA binA pU~chI kahI gayI bAta usI prakAra kI anya vastu ke niSedha meM paryavasita hotI hai, to vahA~ parisaMkhyA alaMkAra hotA hai| lakSaNa - kiMca pRSTamapRSTaM vA kathitaM ytprklpte| tAdRganyavyapohAya parisaMkhyA tu sA smRtaa||18 AcAryazrI ne kuNDanapura, campApura aura cakrapura nagaroM kI samRddhi kA varNana karate samaya isa alaMkAra kA prayoga kiyA hai| kuNDanapura ke varNana meM parisaMkhyA kA prayoga isa prakAra hai - udAharaNa kAThinyaM kucamaNle'tha sumukhe doSAkaratvaM prN| vakratvaM mRdukuntaleSu kRzatA vAlAvalagneSvaram / /

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209 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana urvoreva vilomatA'pyadharatA dantacchade kevalaM / zaMkhatvaM nigale dRzozcapalatA nAnyatra teSAM dalam / / 48 / / vAmAnAM subalitraye viSamatA zaithilyamaGghAvutApyauddhatyaM sudRzAM nitambavalaye nAbhyaNDake niictaa|| zabdeSveva nipAtanAma yaminAmakSeSu vA nigrahazcintA yogikuleSu pauNDranicaye sampIDanaM cAha h|| 49 / / -vIro.sarga.21 usa nagara meM kaThinatA kevala striyoM ke stanamaNDala meM hI dRSTigocara hotI hai| doSAkaratA (candratulyatA) striyoM ke sundara mukha meM hI dikhatI hai| vakratA unake sundara bAloM meM hI hai| kRzatA kevala striyoM ke kaTipradeza meM hI hai| vilomatA striyoM kI jaMghAoM meM hI hai| adharatA kevala oThoM meM hI hai| zaMkhapanA kaNTha meM hI hai aura capalatA dRSTi meM hI hai| viSamatA striyoM kI trivalI meM hI hai| gaharAI nAbhi maNDala meM hI hai| nipAta zabdoM meM hai| saMyamI vyakti hI indriya-nigraha karate haiN| yogI-samUha hI cintana karatA hai| sampIr3ana pauNDrasamUha meM hI hai| vyakti eka dUsare ko pIr3A nahIM pahuMcAte haiN| 18. saMsRSTi alaMkAra lakSaNa - 'seSTA saMsRSTireteSAM bhedena yadiha sthitiH / kAvya meM do yA adhika alaMkAroM ke bheda se jo sthiti hai vaha saMsRSTi kahI gaI hai| AcAryazrI ne anuprAsa alaMkAra kA bahuta prayoga kiyA hai| anuprAsa ke sAtha hI sAtha anya alaMkAra bhI nirapekSa rUpa se sthita haiN| jaise - mRgIdRzazcApalatA svayaM yA smareNa sA cApalatA'pi rmyaa| manojahArAMgabhRtaH kSaNena manojahArA'tha nijakSaNena / / 25 / / -viiro.srg.3| prastuta zloka meM antyAnuprAsa aura yamaka kI saMsRSTi spaSTa dRSTigocara ho rahI hai|

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210 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 19. saMkara alaMkAra lakSaNa - - 'avizrAntijuSAmAtmanyaMgAMgitvaM tu saMkaraH ' 120 apane svarUpa mAtra meM jisakI vizrAnti na ho, unakA aMgAMgibhAva hone para saMkara alaMkAra hotA hai| vIrodaya meM AcAryazrI ne alaMkAroM kA sAkSepa prayoga kiyA hai, jo saMkara alaMkAra kahalAte haiN| udAharaNa vANikpathastUpitaratnajUTA hari - priyAyA iva kelikUTAH / bahiSkRtAM santi tamAM hasantastatrA''padaM cA''padamullasantaH / / 18 / / - vIro.sarga. 2 / videha deza ke nagaroM meM bAjAroM kI dukAna ke bAhara thor3I-thor3I dUra para ratnoM ke stUpAkAra r3hera lagAye gaye the, jo aise pratIta hote the mAnoM bahiSkRta ApadAoM kA upahAsa - sA karate hue lakSmI ke krIr3A parvata haiM / prastuta zloka meM stUpAkAra ratna ke r3heroM kI upamA lakSmI ke krIr3A parvatoM se kI gaI hai| isake sAtha hI yahA~ kriyotprekSA bhI hai / yaha utprekSA kI sahAyikA hai / ataH paraspara aMgAMgibhAva hone se yahA~ saMkara alaMkAra hai / citrAlaMkAra AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne apane kAvyoM meM zabdAlaMkAra va arthAlaMkAroM ke alAvA citrAlaMkAra bhI prayukta kiye haiN| vIrodaya meM bhI unhoMne gomUtrikA bandha, yAnabandha, padmabandha, tAlavRttabandha citrAlaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| 1. gomUtrikAbandha ramayan gamayatveSa vAGmaye samayaM manaH / namanAganayaM dveSa - dhAma va samayaM janaH / / 37 / / - vIro.sarga. 22 / gomUtrikAbandha banAne kI vidhi yaha ki usameM zloka kI prathama paMkti meM pahale, tIsare, pA~caveM sAtaveM, naveM ityAdi viSama akSaroM ko rakhA jAtA hai aura donoM paMktiyoM ke bIca dUsare, cauthe, chaThe, AThaveM ityAdi sama

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211 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana akSaroM ko kramazaH dvitIya paMkti meM rakhA jAtA hai| arthAt zloka kA eka akSara lekara, eka akSara chor3A jAtA hai| liye huye akSara se prathama va tRtIya paMkti bana jAtI hai aura chor3e hue akSaroM se dvitIya paMkti bana jAtI hai| isa bandha meM likhita zloka kI vizeSatA yaha hotI hai ki dUsare cauthe Adi sama akSara donoM paMktiyoM meM eka hI hote haiN| ataH isa zloka ko par3hate samaya eka akSara tRtIya paMkti kA aura eka akSara dvitIya paMkti kA lenA hotA hai| 2. tAlavRntabandha santaH sadA samA bhAnti madhumati nutipriyaa| ayi tvayi mahAvIra! sphItAM kurU marjU bhyi|| 40 / / -vIro.sarga 221 isa bandha meM zloka ko kramazaH daNDa meM sthita karate hue daNDa aura tAlavRnta kI sandhi meM le jAte haiN| tatpazcAt tAlavRnta meM ghumAyA jAtA hai jaisA ki uparyukta zloka meM hai| 3. padmabandha viniyena mAnahInaM vinaSTadainaH punastu nH| munaye namanasthAnaM jJAnadhyAnadhanaM manaH / / 38 / / -vIro.sarga. 22 | kamala meM paMkhur3iyA~ aura parAga ye do vastue~ vidyamAna hotI haiN| ataH padmabandha kI racanA meM eka akSara bIca meM parAga ke rUpa meM aura zeSa akSara paMkhur3iyoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| uparyukta zloka meM 'na' akSara parAga rUpa meM sthita hai zeSa akSara anuloma pratiloma vidhi se par3he jAte haiM arthAt paMkhur3I se madhya meM aura madhya se paMkhur3I meM par3hA jAtA hai| yAna bandha - namanodyami devebhyo'rhadbhyaH saMbrajatAM sdaa| dAsatAM janamAtrasya bhavedapyadya no manaH / / 38 / / -viiro.srg.22|

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212 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isameM zloka ko vitAna aura maNDapa meM likhane ke pazcAt stambhoM aura maMca meM likhA jAtA hai| isake prathama do caraNa maNDapa aura vitAna meM hai| tatpazcAt tRtIya caraNa dAhine stambha se maMca kI ora gayA hai| caturtha caraNa maMca se hotA huA bAyeM stambha meM likhA gayA hai| vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM AcArya zrI ne anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAnta Adi alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM apanI kAvya-pratibhA kA anUThA paricaya diyA hai| vasanta, zarada tathA varSA-Rtu ke prAkRtika saundarya nirUpaNa meM apahuti alaMkAra kA prayoga kavi kI zlAghanIya lekhanI kA pratiphala hai| rasAnubhUti rasAtmakatA kAvya kA prANa hai| rasAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se hI sAmAjikoM ko kartavyAkarttavya kA upadeza hRdayaMgama karAyA jAtA hai| isIlie kAntA-sammita upadeza ko kAvya kA pramukha prayojana mAnA gayA hai| vIrodayakAra isa tathya se pUrI taraha avagata the| isalie unhoMne apane kAvya meM zrRMgAra se lekara zAnta taka sabhI rasoM kI manohArI vyaMjanA kI hai| 'rasa-zabda' kI prAcInatA vedoM se upalabdha hai| laukika rasa evaM kAvya jagata ke rasa meM mahAna bheda hai to bhI deda meM rasa zabda kA ullekha somarasa ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| 'dadhAnaH kalaze rasam Rgveda' 9/63/12 vaidika sAhitya meM kAvya jagata meM prakAzamAna rasa kA bhI sthAna hai| yahA~ vaha AnandArtha meM bhI abhivyakta hai| vaidika-sAhitya meM rasa-bhAvAdi zabdoM kA yadyapi ullekha avazya hai tathApi sAhityika sampradAya meM isake svarUpa Adi ke nirNaya kA zreya sarvaprathama nATyazAstra praNetA AcArya bharata-muni ko hI hai| nATya-zAstra ke chaThe-sAtaveM adhyAya meM rasa kA vitRta vivecana hai| isakI niSpatti ke sambandha meM bharata muni kA sUtra isa prakAra hai - 'vibhAvAnubhAva-vyabhicArisaMyogAdrasa-niSpattiH /

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAvoM ke saMyoga se rasa kI niSpatti hotI hai| 213 bhAratIya kAvya - zAstra meM rasa kA mahattva bahuta prAcIna kAla se calA A rahA hai, kyoMki upaniSadoM meM 'raso vayasaH' kahakara rasa ko brahmAnanda sahodara yA alaukika Ananda ke rUpa meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai| maharSi bAlmIki ne bAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM kahA hai mA niSAda pratiSThAM tvamagamaH zAzvatI sabhAH / yatkrauJcamithunAdekamavadhIH kAmamohitam / / -- aisA kahakara rasa kA saMketa diyA hai| bharata ne nATya - zAstra meM rasa kA vivecana bRhad rUpa meM kiyA hai / isIlie bharata muni ko rasa kA Adya AcArya mAnA gayA hai| unhoMne AsvAda ko hI rasa mAnA hai| 'AsvAdeva rasaH' / AcArya mammaTa ne 'rasasyate iti rasaH' "jisakA AsvAdana kiyA jA sake vaha rasa hai / " aisA mAnate hue loka meM jo kAraNa, kArya aura sahakArI kAraNa hote haiM ve hI jaba nATaka aura kAvya meM rati Adi sthAyI bhAva ke hote haiM, taba unheM vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAva kahate haiM tathA unase vyakta hone vAlA sthAI bhAva hI rasa kahalAtA hai / sAhitya darpaNakAra vizvanAtha ne rasa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kahA hai - vibhAvenAnubhAvena vyaktaH saJcAriNA tathA / rasatAmeti ratyAdiH sthAyibhAvaH sacetasAm / / 3 / 1 | sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM vAsanArUpa meM sthita rati Adi sthAyI bhAva kAvya meM varNita vibhAva, anubhAva evaM vyabhicArI bhAvoM dvArA udbuddha hokara AnandAtmaka anubhUti meM pariNata ho jAtA hai use hI 'rasa' kahate haiM / arthAt vibhAvAdi ke dvArA vyakta huA sahRdaya sAmAjika kA sthAyIbhAva hI AnandAtmaka anubhUti meM pariNata ho jAne ke kAraNa rasa kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra kAvyagata aura nATyagata vibhAvAdi tathA sAmAjika kA sthAyIbhAva rasa sAmagrI hai| sAmAjika kA sthAyI bhAva rasa kA upAdAna kAraNa hai,

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214 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kAvya-nATya meM varNita vibhAvAdi nimitta kAraNa hai| isake svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie vibhAvAdi ke svarUpa ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| vibhAva rasAnubhUti ke kAraNoM ko vibhAva kahate haiN| ye do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka Alambana-vibhAva aura dUsarA uddiipn-vibhaav| jisako Alambana karake rasa kI utpatti hotI hai usako 'Alambana-vibhAva' kahate haiN| jaise sItA ko dekhakara rAma ke mana meM aura rAma ko dekhakara sItA ke mana meM rati kI utpatti hotI hai aura una donoM ko dekhakara sAmAjika ke bhItara rasa kI abhivyakti hotI hai| isIlie sItA rAma Adi zrRMgAra rasa ke Alambana vibhAva haiN| cA~danI, udyAna ekAnta Adi ke dvArA usa rati kA uddIpana hotA hai| isalie use zrRMgAra rasa kA 'uddIpana' vibhAva kahA jAtA hai| anubhAva sthAyIbhAva rasAnubhUti kA prayojaka antaraMga kAraNa hai| Alambana va uddIpana vibhAva usake bAhya kAraNa haiN| anubhAva usa Antarika rasAnubhUti se utpanna, usakI bAhyAbhivyakti ke prAyojaka zArIrika va mAnasika vyApAra haiN| sAhitya-darpaNakAra ke anusAra anubhAva kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai - ubuddhaM kAraNaiH svaiH svairbahibhAvaM prakAzayan / loke yaH kAryarUpaH so'nubhAvaH kAvyanATyayoH / / 3/32 | loka meM yathAyogya kAraNoM se strI-purUSoM ke hRdaya meM ubuddha ratyAdi bhAvoM ko bAhara prakAzita karane vAle jo zArIrika vyApAra hote haiM ve loka meM ratyAdi bhAvoM ke kArya tathA kAvya-nATya meM anubhAva kahe jAte haiN| kAvya-nATya meM inakI anubhAva saMjJA isIliye kI hai ki ve vibhAvoM dvArA rasAsvAdana rUpa meM aMkurita kiye gae sAmAjika Adi ke sthAyIbhAva ko rasa rUpa meM pariNata karane kA anubhavanarUpa vyApAra karate haiN| 'anubhAvanamevambhUtasya ityAdiH samanantarameva rasAdi rUpatayA bhAvanam'

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215 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 1. cittArambhaka, jaise hAva-bhAva aadi| 2. gAtrArambhaka, jaise lIlA, vilAsa-vicchiti Adi / 3. vAgArambhaka, jaise AlApa, vilApa, saMlApa aadi| 4. buddhyArambhaka, jaise rIti, vRtti Adi / vyabhicArI bhAva loka meM Alambana va uddIpana kAraNoM se ratyAdi bhAva ke udbuddha hone para jo krIr3A, capalatA, autsukya, harSa Adi bhAva sAtha meM utpanna hote haiM, unheM loka meM sahakArI-bhAva tathA kAvya-nATya meM vyabhicArI-bhAva kahate haiN| inakA dUsarA nAma saMcArI-bhAva bhI hai| kAvya yA nATya meM inakI yaha saMjJA isaliye hai ki ve vibhAva tathA anubhAvoM dvArA aMkurita evaM pallavita sAmAjika ke ratyAdi sthAyIbhAvoM ko samyaka rUpa se puSTa karane kA saMcaraNa (vyApAra) karate haiN| bharatamuni ne inakI saMkhyA 33 kahI hai __nirveda, glAni, zaMkA, asUyA, mada, zrama, Alasya, dainya, cintA, moha, smRti, dhRti, krIr3A, capalatA, harSa, Avega, jar3atA, garva, viSAda, autsukya, nidrA, apasmAra, supta, vibodha, amarSa, avahittha, ugratA, mati, vyAdhi, unmAda, maraNa, trAsa va vitrk| sthAyIbhAva vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicArIbhAva rasa ke nimitta kAraNa haiN| sthAyIbhAva upAdAna kAraNa hai| sthAyIbhAva mana ke bhItara sthAyI rUpa se rahane vAlA prasupta saMskAra hai, jo anukUla Alambana tathA uddIpana rUpa udbodhaka sAmagrI ko prApta kara abhivyakta hotA hai aura hRdaya meM apUrva Ananda kA saMcAra karatA hai| isa sthAyIbhAva kI abhivyakti hI rasAsvAda-janaka yA rasyamAna hone se 'rasa'-zabda se bodhya hotI hai| ATha prakAra ke sthAyIbhAva sAhitya-zAstra meM mAne gaye haiN| kAvya-prakAzakAra ne inakI gaNanA isa prakAra kI hai - rati hAsazca zokAzca krodhotsAho bhayaM tthaa| jugupsA vismayazceti sthAyIbhAvA prakIrtitAH / / 24

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216 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, jugupsA va vismaya ye ATha sthAyIbhAva kahalAte haiN| inake atirikta nirveda ko bhI navamA sthAyIbhAva mAnA gayA hai| kAvyaprakAzakAra ne likhA hai - 'nirvedasthAyI bhAvo'sti zAnto'pi navamo rasaH 25 isa prakAra nau sthAyIbhAva va unake zrRMgAra, hAsya, karUNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa adbhuta va zAnta ye nau hI rasa mAne gaye haiN| aMgarasa vIrodaya meM pradhAna rasa zAntarasa hai jo isa mahAkAvya kA aMgIrasa hai| isake atirikta kucha aura rasa bhI isa mahAkAvya meM haiM, jo zAnta rasa kI apekSA apradhAna hai| isIliye ve rasa zAntarasa ke aMga- rasa ke rUpa meM upasthita hue haiN| jaise- hAsya rasa, adbhuta rasa, vAtsalya rasa, zrRMgAra rasa va karUNa rasa ityAdi / zAnta rasa kA raMga kunda-puSpa ke samAna zveta hai athavA candramA ke samAna hai, jo sAtvikatA kA dyotaka hai| ___purUSoM ko mokSarUpa purUSArtha kI prApti karAne vAle zrI bhagavAna nArAyaNa hI rasa ke devatA haiN| saMsAra kI niHsAratA, duHkhamayatA aura tattvajJAnAdi isake Alambana vibhAva haiN| maharSiyoM ke Azrama, bhagavAna ke krIDAkSetra, tIrthasthAna, tapovana, satsaMga Adi isake uddIpana vibhAva hai| yama-niyama, yativeSa kA dhAraNa karanA, romAJca Adi isake anubhAva haiN| nirveda, smRti, dhRti, stambha, jIvadayA, mati, harSa Adi isake vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| isa rasa kA kA prAdurbhAva hone para vyakti meM IrSyA, dveSa, mamatva Adi bhAvoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai| vaha sukha-dukha se rahita eka vilakSaNa hI Ananda kI prApti karatA hai| isake atirikta zrRMgAra Adi sAMsArika rasa haiM, kintu alaukika Ananda kI anubhUti karAne vAle zAnta rasa meM hama sarvazreSTha purUSArtha mokSa kI jhalaka dekhate haiN| zrRMgAra ko yadi rasarAja kI padavI dI gaI hai to ise (zAMta rasa) rasAdhirAja kahanA cAhiye; kyoMki isake prAdurbhAva ke samaya anya sabhI rasoM kI sattA isI meM vilIna ho jAtI hai|

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana kisI rAjya ke saMcAlana meM jo sthiti samrATa aura sAmantoM kI hotI hai| kAvyoM meM vahI sthiti pradhAnarasa aura sahAyaka rasoM kI hotI hai| pradhAnarasa ko hI aMgIrasa kahA jAtA hai| anya sahAyaka rasa isake aMgarasa hote haiN| uttama kavi yaha prayAsa karate haiM ki unake kAvya ko par3hakara pAThaka eka rasa kA acchI prakAra Ananda uThA sake, isalie ve sahAyaka rasoM ko isa prakAra upasthita karate haiM ki unase milane vAlA Ananda, aMgIrasa se milane vAle Ananda ko kama na kre| vIrodaya mahAkAvya AdyopAnta zAntarasa pradhAna mahAkAvya hai| zAntarasa ke atirikta bhI anya kucha rasoM ke mizrita rUpa kA citraNa bhI prastuta kAvya meM milatA hai| dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa ina cAra purUSArthoM meM se caturtha purUSArtha hI mAnava-jIvana kA sAdhya hai| dharma, artha va kAma ina tIna purUSArthoM kI parAkASThA viSaya-bhogoM ke prati virakti utpanna karatI hai aura manuSya unheM vinAza-zIla samajhane lagatA hai| kAvyoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unameM aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM zAntarasa kA hI prayoga huA hai; kyoMki caturtha purUSArtha mokSa hI unakA sAdhya hai| bhavya purUSa kisI nimitta ko pAkara vairAgya ko prApta ho jAte haiM aura tapazcaraNa Adi ke dvArA mokSa ko prApta karate haiN| zAntarasa kA prayoga isa kAvya ke nAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hRdaya meM sthita zama nAmaka sthAyIbhAva viziSTa vAtAvaraNa meM prabuddha hokara zAntarasa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| kSaNa-bhaMgura saMsAra isa rasa kA Alambana-vibhAva hai| logoM kI svArthaparatA, dharmAndhatA, ityAdi uddIpana-vibhAva haiN| tyAga kI icchA, tapazcaraNa kI ora unmukha honA ityAdi anubhAva hai| nirveda, smRti ityAdi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM zAntarasa ke kucha uddharaNa isa prakAra haiM - (ka) bhagavAna mahAvIra pitA ke vivAha-prastAva kA virodha karate hue samajhAte haiM -

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218 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana purApi zrUyate putrI brAhmI vA sundarI puroH / anucAnatvamApannA strISu zasyatamA matA / / 39 / / upAntyo'pi jino bAla- brahmacArI jaganmataH / pANDavAnAM tathA bhISma pitAmaha iti zrutaH / / 40 / / anye'pi bahavo jAtA: kumArazramaNA narAH / sarveSvapi jayeSvagra - gataH kAmajayo yataH / / 41 / / rAjyametadanarthAya kauravANAmabhUdaho / tathA bharata - do: zaktayoH prapaJcAya mahAtmanoH / / 44 / / rAjyaM bhuvi sthiraM kvA''sItprajAyAH manasItyataH / zAzvataM rAjyamadhyetu prayate pUrNarUpataH / / 45 / / - vIro.sarga. 8 / ---- ina padyoM meM jagata kI niHsAratA (Alambana) kA varNana hai / bhISma pitAmaha, kaurava, bAhubalI ke vRttAnta uddIpana vibhAva haiM, mati rUpa vyabhicArI bhAva hai| ataH yahA~ zAntarasa kI spaSTa abhivyaMjanA hai| (kha) vIrodaya meM isakA dUsarA udAharaNa vahA~ hai jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra vivAha ke prastAva ko asvIkAra kara saMsAra kI dIna-dazA kA avalokana karate haiM svIyAM pipAsAM zamayet parAsRjA kSudhAM paraprANavipattibhiH prajA / svacakSuSA svArthaparAyaNAM sthitiM nibhAlayAmo jagatIdRzImiti / / 3 / / ajena mAtA parituSyatIti tannigadyate dhUrtajanaiH kadarthitam / * pibennu mAtApi sutasya zoNitamaho nizAyAmapi aryamoditaH / / 4 / / jAyA-sutArtha bhuvi visphuranmanAH kuryAdajAyAH sutasaMhRtiM ca nA / kimucyatAmIdRzi evamAryatA svavAJchitArthaM svidanarthakAryatA / / 5 / / svaroTikAM moTayituM hi zikSate jano'khilaH samvalaye'dhunA ca nA / na kazcanApyanyavicAratanmanA nRlokameSA grasate hi pUtanA || 9 || -

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 219 aho pazUnAM dhiyate yato baliH zmasAnatAmaJcati devatAsthalI / yamasthalI vA'tularaktaraJjitA vibhAti yasyAH satataM hi dehalI | 13 || ekaH surApAnaratastathA vata palaMkaSatvAtkavarasthalI kRtam / kenodaraM ko'pi parasya yoSitaM svasAtkarotItarakoNaniSThitaH / / 14 || kuto'pahAro draviNasya dRzyate tathopahAraH svavacaH prapazyate / paraM kalatraM hniyate'nyato haTAdvikIryate svodarapUrtaye saTA / / 15 || - vIro.sarga.9 / Aja loga dUsare ke rakta va mAMsa se apanI pipAsA evaM kSudhA ko zAnta karanA cAhate haiN| saMsAra meM yahI svArtha-parAyaNatA dRSTigocara ho rahI hai| dhUrta logoM kA kahanA hai ki bakare kI bali se jagadambA prasanna hotI hai / yadi mAtA apane hI putra kA khUna pIne lage, to yaha vaisA hI hogA jaise rAtri meM sUrya kA udaya honA / svArthI manuSya apanI strI ke putra ke lobha meM bakarI ke putra kA hanana kara rahA hai| saMsAra meM jise dekho vahI apanA svArtha siddha karane meM lagA huA hai / mandiroM kI pavitra bhUmi pazuoM kI bali se zamazAna kI hI zreNI meM pahu~ca rahI hai| una mandiroM kI dehalI rakta se raMjita hokara yamaloka jaisI laga rahI hai| 1. hAsya rasa vIrodaya meM hAsyarasa kA kevala eka udAharaNa milatA hai| devagaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmAbhiSeka hetu kuNDalapura jA rahe the| mArga meM indra ke airAvata hAthI ne sUrya ko kamala samajha kara apanI sU~Da se uThA liyA, para usakI atizaya uSNatA kA anubhava kara sU~Da ko hilAkara use chor3a bhI diyaa| usakI isa ceSTA se devagaNa haMsane lage / aravindadhiyA dadhadraviM puranairAvaNa uSNasacchavim / dhutahastatayAttamutyajannanayadvAsyamaho suravrajam / / 10 / / - vIro.sarga. 7 /

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yahA~ devagaNa hAsyarasa ke Azraya haiN| airAvata hAthI Alambana - vibhAva hai| usakI bhramapUrNa ceSTA uddIpana vibhAva hai| 220 2. adbhuta rasa vIrodaya meM adbhutarasa kA varNana do sthaloM para upalabdha hotA hai| - (ka) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbhAvataraNa ke pazcAt AkAza meM sUrya koparAbhUta karane vAlA eka aisA prakAza punja dikhAI diyA, jise logoM ne prazna bharI dRSTi se dekhA athAbhavad vyomni mahAprakAzaH sUryAtizAyI sahasA tadA saH / kimetaditthaM hRdi kAkubhAvaH kurvan janAnAM pracalatprabhAvaH / / 1 - vIro.sarga. 5 / 111 yahA~ adbhuta rasa kA Azraya kuNDanapura kA janasamUha hai| AkAza kA prakAzapuMja Alambana vibhAva hai| usakI anAyAsa upasthiti uddIpana vibhAva hai | kutUhalapUrvaka dekhanA anubhAva hai / vitarka aura Avega vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| adbhuta rasa kI anupama chaTA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM unakI divya vibhUti dekhakara gautama indrabhUti ke mana meM hone vAle tarka-vitarka meM dikhAI detI hai| cacAla dRSTuM tadatiprasaGgamityevamAzcarya parAntaraMga | sa prApa devasya vimAnabhUmiM smayasya cAsInmatimAnabhUmiH / / 27 / / - vIro.sarga.13 / bhagavAna kI divya-vibhUti ke viSaya meM logoM se sunakara indrabhUti vicAratA hai ki veda-vedAMga kA jJAtA hote hue bhI mujhe Aja taka isa prakAra kI divya vibhUti nahIM milii| isake viparIta veda - zAstra - vihIna bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa yaha sampUrNa vibhUti hai| yaha Azcaryajanaka bAta aisA socakara Azcarya cakita ho indrabhUti bhagavAna kA vaibhava dekhane ke lie cala pdd'aa| unake divya samavazaraNa maNDapa meM use atyadhika Azcarya huA / vahA~ usakA abhimAna naSTa ho gayA / I

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 221 yahA~ gautama indrabhUti, adbhutarasa ke Azraya haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra Alambana vibhAva haiN| unakI divya vibhUti uddIpana vibhAva hai| bhagavAna kI vibhUti kA kAraNa jAnane kI jijJAsA anubhAva hai| vitarka, Avega ityAdi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| 3. vAtsalya rasa kucha AcAryoM ne sphuTa camatkArI hone ke kAraNa vAtsalyarasa ko bhI rasa mAna liyA hai - 'sthAyI vatsalatAH snehaH' 126 vAtsalya rasa kA sthAyIbhAva vatsalatA hai| vAtsalyarasa kI devatA, loka-mAtAyeM mAnI gaI haiM, jo zaiyAdi SoDaza mAtrikA rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| varNa kamala-koza ke samAna kAnta arthAt zubhapIta ke sadRza haiM, kyoMki lokamAtAyeM isI rUpa kI haiN| putra, anuja, va anuja-putra Adi Alambana-vibhAva haiN| unakI ceSTAyeM krIr3A, kUdanA, hAsya, vidyA, zAstra-dika-jJAna, zUratA, abhyudaya, dhanopArjanAdi evaM sevAdi uddIpana-vibhAva haiN| AliMgana, aMga-sparza, sira cumbana, dekhanA, romAMca, AnandrAzru, harSAzru, vastrAbhUSaNa dAnAdi anubhAva kahe gaye haiN| aniSTa kI zaMkA, harSa, garva, dhairyAdi isake vyabhicArI-bhAva haiN| ___ vIrodaya meM vAtsalyarasa kA varNana do sthaloM para milatA hai| eka sthAna vaha hai jahA~ rAnI priyakAriNI solaha svapna-darzana kA jJAna rAjA siddhArtha ko karAtI haiN| rAjA prasanna hokara kahate haiM ki aise svapna putrotpatti se pUrva dekhe jAte haiN| ataH vaha eka loka-vizruta putra ko janma degii| svapna kA artha jAnakara rAnI priyakAriNI bhI atyanta prasanna hotI hai| caturtha adhyAya meM (37 se 62 taka) rAjA siddhArtha va rAnI priyakAriNI kA vArtAlApa hai| yahA~ udAharaNArtha eka zloka prastuta hai| aMkaprAptasuteva knnttkitnuhrssaashrusmvaahinii| jAtA yatsutamAtra eva sukhadastIrthezvare kimpunH|| 62 / / __-viiro.srg.4|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rAnI priyakAriNI prANanAtha ke mukha se maMgalamayI madhura vANI sunakara harSAzruoM ko bahAtI huI goda meM Aye putra ke samAna Ananda se romAMcita ho gaI / 222 yahA~ para rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI priyakAriNI vAtsalyarasa ke Azraya haiN| utpatsyamAna putra Alambana - vibhAva hai, solaha svapna uddIpana vibhAva haiN| romAMcita honA, AnandAzru pravAhita karanA ityAdi anubhAva haiN| harSa, garva, Avega vyabhicArI bhAva haiM / (kha) mahAvIra kI bAla-krIr3Ae~ vAtsalya rasa kA anupama udAharaNa prastuta karatI haiM - udAharaNa nizamya yuktArthadhuraM pitA giraM pasparza bAlasya navAlakaM ziraH / AnandasandohasamullasadvapustayA tadAsyendumado dRzaH papuH / / 46 / / - vIro.sarga. 8 / yahA~ mahAvIra Alambana-vibhAva, unakI bAla lIlA evaM madhura-va - vANI uddIpana vibhAva hai| romAMcAdi sAtvika - anubhAva tathA putra ke zarIra, keza kA sparza asAtvika anubhAva haiN| harSa, prabodhAdi vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke sammizraNa se rAjA siddhArtha ke hRdaya meM janma-janmAntara se saMcita vatsalatA, sneha sthAyIbhAva ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara AsvAdanonmukha hotA hai / aSTama adhyAya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bAla - ceSTAoM se vAtsalyarasa kI sundara abhivyakti huI hai / 4. vIra rasa prastuta mahAkAvya meM yadyapi zAntarasa kI hI pradhAnatA hai / isaliye use aMgIrasa kA sthAna prApta huA hai, phira bhI AcAryazrI ne yatra - yatra anya aMga - rasoM kA varNana alparUpa meM karake mahAkAvyIya lakSaNoM kA bhI pAlana kiyA hai| yahA~ vIrarasa kA udAharaNa prastuta hai

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 223 vibheti maraNAddIno na diino'thaamRtsthitiH| sampadayanvipado'pi saritaH paritazcaret / / 31 / / -vIro.sarga.101 yahA~ kavi kA abhiprAya hai ki dInapurUSa mRtyu se Darate haiM aura vIrapurUSa mRtyu ko hI amRta ke samAna mAnate haiM ve mRtyu se nahIM ddrte| mRtyu, AtmA ko amara banAtI hai| zUravIra vipattiyoM ko bhI sampatti-prada mAnate haiN| jaise cAroM ora se samudra ko kSobhita karane ke liye AyI huI nadiyA~ samudra ko kSobhita na karake usI kI sampatti bana jAtI haiN| ___yahA~ vIra-purUSa Alambana-vibhAva haiN| unakI abhayatA evaM vipattiyoM ko bhI sampatti samajhanA anubhAva hai| harSa, mada, Adi vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| ina sabake sammilana se pAThakoM meM janma-janmAntara ke saMskAra ke rUpa meM avasthita utsAha vIrarasa ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara AsvAdanonmukha hotA hai| 5. karUNa rasa ___saMsAra kI zocanIya dazA dekhakara bhagavAna kA hRdaya karUNA se bhara uThatA hai| ataH ukta sthala para kavi ne karUNa-rasa ko citrita kiyA hai| yahA~ eka padya darzanIya hai - jAyA-sutArtha bhuvi visphuranmanAH kuryAdajAyAH sutasaMhRtiM ca naa| kimucyatAmIdRzi evamAryatA svavAMchitArtha svidnrthkaarytaa|| 5 / / -viiro.srg.9| kavi dvArA putraprApti hetu ajA ke putra kI hiMsA evaM anyAnyavAMchita prayojanoM kI siddhi hetu hiMsA kA Azraya ullikhita hai| isameM yajJIya pazu sabhI sahRdayoM ko Alambana vibhAva banatA hai| pazuoM kA chaTapaTAnA, bhAgane ke liye udyata honA Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| darzakoM ke zarIra meM utpanna hone vAlA kampana, romAMca, azrupAta, sAtvika anubhAva haiN| nirveda, glAni, dainya, cintA Adi vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke saMyoga se zokarUpI sthAyIbhAva karUNarasa kA paripAka karatA hai|

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224 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 6. zrRMgAra rasa prastuta mahAkAvya meM zrRMgAra kA citraNa vistAra ke sAtha bhavyarUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| pUre kAvya meM pA~ca Rtu-varNanoM meM zrRMgArarasa kA varNana karake kavi ne apanI sAhityika pratibhA ko prakaTa kiyA hai| ve zrRMgAra ko rasarAja (6-37) evaM usake adhiSThAtR devatA kAma ko jagat kA zAsaka taka kahate haiN| (smarastu sAmrAjyapade niyuktaH 21-18) kucaM samudghATayati priye striyAH samudbhavantI zizirocitazriyAH / tAvatkarasparzasukhaikalopakRt sUcIva romAJcatatItyaho sakRt / / 20 / / -viiro.srg:9| __ isa zloka meM zItakAla meM ramaNI vizeSa ke sAtha usake pati dvArA vividha kAma-lIlAoM kA sevana varNita hai| yahA~ pati-patnI eka dUsare ke lie Alambana-vibhAva haiN| vastra kA nissAraNa evaM pati kI manda muskAna kramazaH eka dUsare ke prati uddIpana-vibhAva hai| romAMca, kara-sparzAdi anubhAva haiN| harSa, smRti Adi vyabhicArI-bhAva haiN| bhAvoM ke sammizraNa se paraspara eka dUsare ke prati ratibhAva kI puSTi hone se zrRMgArarasa kI anubhUti/pratIti hotI hai| kuNDanapura ke varNana meM - prAsAdazrRMgAgranivAsinInAM mukhendumAlokya vidhurjanInAm / namrIbhavanneSa tataH prayAti hiyeva sllbdhklNkjaatiH|| 43 / / saudhAglagnabahunIlamaNiprabhAbhirdoSAyitatvamiha santatameva tAbhiH / kAntaprasaMgarahitA khalu cakravAkI vApItaTe'pyahani tAmyati sA vraakii|| 45 / / -vIro.sarga.21 7. raudra rasa raudrarasa mahAvIra ke pUrva-bhavoM ke cintana meM vizAkhanandI-prakaraNa meM dekhane ko milatA hai| eka udAharaNa prastuta hai - hantA'smi re tvAmiti bhAvabandhamatho samAdhAni manaH prabandhaH / taptvA tapaH pUrvavadeva nAmi svarga mahAzukramahaM sma yaami|| 16 / / -vIro.sarga.111

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225 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana yahA~ Alambana-vibhAva vizAkhanandI hai| usake virodhI kriyA-kalApa uddIpana-vibhAva haiN| stambha, kampa anubhAva haiN| cintA, udvega, capalatA Adi vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| pUrvajanma meM saMskAra rUpa meM mahAvIra mahApurUSa kI AtmA meM vidyamAna krodha rUpI sthAyIbhAva raudrarasa kA poSaka hai| sandarbha - 1. saMskRta zabda koza, pRSTha saM. 135 / 2. kA.mI.dvi.a. pRSTha 71 3. kAvya da. 2/11 4. vakrokti jI. 1/6 tathA 2 kI vRtti| 5. dhvanyA. 2/19 / sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa 5/11 kI vRtti / 7. kA. mI. pR. 14 / 8. AcArya mammaTa, kAvyaprakAza aSTama ullAsa kArikA 87 sUtra 67 / 9. kAvyaprakAza navama ullAsa 84 kArikA sUtra 119 | 10. kAvyaprakAza 10/1091 11. AcAryamammaTa, kAvyaprakAza dazama kArikA 97 sUtra 147 | 12. kAvyaprakAza dazama ullAsa kArikA 114 sUtra 173 | 13. kAvyaprakAza dazama ullAsa kArikA 96 sUtra 145 | 14. kAvyaprakAza dazama ullAsa kArikA 131 sUtra 197 | 15. kAvyaprakAza dazama ullAsa kArikA 132 sUtra 199 | 16. kAvyaprakAza dazama ullAsa kArikA 92 sUtra 137 | 17. kAvyaprakAza dazama ullAsa kArikA 110 sUtra 165 | 18. kAvyaprakAza dazama ullAsa kArikA 119 sUtra 184 | 19. vahI. 139 sUtra 206 |

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226 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 20. vahI 140 sUtra / 21. bharatamuni nATya zAstra SaSTha adhyAya / 22. AcAryamammaTa kA pra. pR. 98 1 23. sAhityadarpaNa - vRtti 3 / 132 | 24. kA. pra. ca. u. 45 pR. 961 25. vahI. 45 pR. 97 / 26. vizvanAtha sAhitya da. 3 / 25 1

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 227 pariccheda - 3 bhASA zailI bhASA vicAroM kI abhivyakti kA sarvazreSTha sAdhana hai| bhASA hI zabda-samUha kA nAma hai| sAhityakAra ke liye to bhASA kA mahattva anya vyaktiyoM kI apekSA aura bhI adhika hai| yoddhA ke hAtha meM talavAra kA jo mahattva hai, kAvyakAra ke kAvya meM vahI mahattva bhASA kA hai| apanI bhASA ke mAdhyama se hI sAhityakAra anya vyaktiyoM ke samIpa A pAtA hai| jisa kavi meM ucita va sArthaka zabdoM ke prayoga kI jitanI adhika kSamatA hogI, usakI abhivyakti utanI hI utkRSTa hogii| usakI racanA meM utanA hI adhika samatA kA bhAva rahegA evaM preSaNIyatA kA guNa bhI usI ke anusAra vidyamAna rhegaa| 'bhASA' ke ratha para baiThakara hI bhAva yAtrA karate haiN| 'bhAvoM' ke binA bhASA vidhavA hai aura bhASA ke binA bhAva amUrta / bhASA eka aisA ramya udyAna hai jisameM sAhityarUpI sumana vikasita hote haiN| yadi bhAva kavitA ke prANa haiM to bhASA zarIra / bhASA abhivyakti kA sAdhana hone se vyakti anya bAtoM meM azakta hone para bhI sazakta bhASA-bhASI hokara jIvana ke kaI kSetroM meM vijaya pA letA hai| ataH sAmAjika prANI hone se pratyeka kAvyakAra kA kartavya ho jAtA hai ki vaha apane kAvya meM aisI bhASA kA prayoga kare, jisase hRdaya kI AvAja janatA taka pahu~ca ske| yadi pANDitya-pradarzana ke sAtha kucha sandeza denA ho, to usa paristhiti meM kavi ko sAvadhAnI baratanI caahie| _ AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM meM laukika saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai| phira bhI unake mahAkAvya meM samAja meM samAI huI urdU bhASA ke bhI kucha zabda A gaye haiN| mevA', amIra, neka', zataraMja, bAjI', kuzanapa, phiraMgI', ityaadi|

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228 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vIra! tvamAnandabhuvAmavIra: mIro guNAnAM jagatAmamIraH / eko'pi sampAtitamAmaneka-lokAnanekAntamatena neka / / 5 / / _ --viiro.srg.1| evaM samutthAna-nipAta pUrNe dharAtale'smin shtrNjtuurnne| bhavetkadA kaH khalu vAjiyogyaH pravaktumIzo bhavatIti no'jnyH|| 14 / / -vIro.sarga.171 kavi kI bhASA sarala aura viSaya-varNana ke anurUpa hai| isameM madhuratA prAsAdikatA alaMkAritA Adi guNa bhI haiN| lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA prayoga bhASA ko prabhAvaka banAne ke lie kiyA hai| samasta padoM kA prayoga atyalpa hai| deza, kAla evaM viSayavastu ke anurUpa hI bhASA kA prayoga hai| zailI . sAhitya ke kSetra meM apane vicAroM ko prakaTa karane ke DhaMga ko zailI kahate haiN| yaha bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa ko jor3ane kA eka sAdhana hai| isake dvArA hama kavi kI maulikatA kI parIkSA kara pAte haiN| "zailI" zabda kA tAtparya hai ddhNg| pratyeka kavi yA lekhaka kI apanI-apanI zailI hotI hai| kisI kI zailI bhAvapakSa kI abhivyaMjanA karAne meM samartha hotI haiM, to kisI kI zailI usake pANDitya pradarzana kA sAdhana hotI hai| kavi ke kathana ke isa DhaMga ko kAvya-zAstrIya dRSTi se tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai - (ka) vaidarbhI zailI (kha) gaur3I zailI (ga) pAMcAlalA shailii| 1. vaidarbhI zailI isa zailI meM kavi mAdhurya guNa ke vyaMjaka zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai| isameM samAsoM kI chaTA dRSTigocara hotI hai| yaha zailI sarasatA va madhuratA ke kAraNa kAvya ko AhlAdaka banA detI hai| isameM kalApakSa ko bhAvapakSa ke anurUpa hI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| AcAryazrI ne apane kAvyoM meM adhikAMzatayA vaiI-zailI kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| gaur3I va pAMcAlI kA prayoga atyalpa hI hai| vasanta-Rtu

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 229 ke manorama dRzyoM ke citraNa meM kavi kI vaidarbhI-zailI ke prayoga kI chaTA avalokanIya hai - navaprasaMge parihRSTacetA navAM vadhUTImiva kAmi etAm / murharmuhuzcumbati cancarIko mAkandajAtAmatha maMjarI koH|| 20 / / Amrasya guMjatkalikAntarAle liikmettshkaarnaam| dRgvartmakarmakSaNa eva pAMthAMgine parAsutvabhRto vadAmaH / / 21 / / -viiro.srg.6| yahA~ pAThaka ke mana meM AhlAda utpanna karane meM madhura zabdAvalI se yukta pravAha pUrNa vaidarbhI-zailI pUrNatayA saphala huI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAlyAvasthA kI sundara ceSTAoM ko kavi ne vaidarbhI-zailI meM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai - rarAja mAturUtsaMge mhodaarvicessttitH| kSIrasAgaravelAyA ivAMke kaustubho maNiH / / 8 / / agAdapi pituH pArve udyaadrerivaaNshumaan| sarvasya bhUtalasyAyaM cittAmbhoja vikAsayan / / 9 / / -vIro.sarga.81 vaidarbhI-zailI ke udAharaNoM meM mAdhurya guNa kI pradhAnatA haiN| samAsa atyalpa hai| alaMkAra svabhAvataH Aye haiN| phalasvarUpa saralatA evaM pravAha spaSTatayA dRSTigocara hotA hai| 2. gaur3I zailI isa zailI meM oja-guNa ke abhivyaMjaka vargoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| dIrgha samAsoM kA isameM adhika upayoga hotA hai| yaha ADambara-pUrNa hotI hai| kavi ko isameM pANDitya-pradarzana kA bhI avasara mila jAtA hai| vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM gaur3I-zailI ke udAhAraNa dRSTavya nahIM haiN| 3. pAMcAlI zailI isa zailI meM prAsAda-guNa ke abhivyaMjaka vargoM kA prayoga kirA

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230 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jAtA hai| isameM pA~ca-pA~ca aura chaha-chaha padoM ke samAsa bhI milate haiN| sAtha-sAtha madhura vargoM kA bhI prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| yaha zailI vaidarbhI va gaur3I kA mizrita rUpa hai| isameM racita kAvya ko par3hane se varNya-viSaya AsAnI se samajha meM A jAtA hai| jaise - aravindadhiyA dadhadraviM punarairAvaNa uSNasacchavim / dhutahastatayAttamutyajannanayaddhAsyamaho survrjm|| 10 / / jhaSakarkaTanakranirNaye viyadabdhAvuta taarkaacye| kuvalaprakarAnvaye vidhu vibudhAH kaustubhmitthmbhydhuH|| 11 / / punaretya ca kuNDinaM purAdhipuraM trikramaNena te suraaH| upatasthuramuSya gopurAgrabhuvItthaM jinabhaktisatturAH / / 12 / / -vIro.sarga.7| AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM vaidarbhI-zailI kA prayoga adhika kiyA hai, kyoMki ve zabdADambaroM para jyAdA vizvAsa nahIM krte| yadi kahIM ve dIrgha samAsa kA prayoga karate haiM, to ve sugamatA se par3he jA sakate haiN| ataH ise gaur3I-zailI ke antargata nahIM gina sakate haiN| saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA vIrodaya meM saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA bhI kaI sthAnoM para dRSTavya hai| vizeSa rUpa se (1) rAnI priyakAriNI va rAjA siddhArtha kA saMvAda (2) rAnI priyakAriNI va devI saMvAda (3) rAjA siddhArtha va vardhamAna sNvaad| inakA varNana bar3e hI rocaka DhaMga se huA hai| eka dina sukha se sotI huI priyakAriNI rAnI ne pichalI rAtri meM solaha svapnoM kI sundara paramparA dekhii| jAgakara prAtaHkAlIna kriyAoM ko karake arhanta jinendroM kI aSTa-dravya se pUjA-arcanA kii| tatpazcAt uttamottama AbhUSaNoM se AbhUSita hokara vinaya se namrIbhUta priyakAriNI devI ne saheliyoM ke sAtha svapnoM kA phala jAnane kI icchA se rAjasabhA meM apane prANanAtha siddhArtha kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| rAjA siddhArtha ne, netroM ko Ananda dene vAlI aura sUrya kI prabhA ke

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231 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana samAna AtI huI rAnI ko dekhakara pApa-rahita evam puNya-svarUpa apane Asana ke ardha-bhAga para baitthaayaa| rAnI priyakAriNI va rAjA siddhArtha kA saMvAda rAnI priyakAriNI ne mahArAja siddhArtha ke sanmukha ucita avasara prApta kara svapnoM kA vRttAnta kahAudyotayatyudita dantavizuddharoci-raMzairnRpasya klkunnddlklpshociH| cikSepa candravadanA samayAnusAraM tatkarNayoriti vaco'mRtamapyudAram / / 33 / / ___ -viiro.srg.4| priyakAriNI dvArA vizAla artha ko kahane vAlI tattva pratipAdaka vANI ko sunakara harSa se romAMcita praphullita kamala ke samAna vikasita netravAle rAjA siddhArtha apanI nirdoSa vANI se uttama maMgala svarUpa artha pratipAdaka vacanoM ko isa prakAra kahane lage - "he kRzodari, tumane sote samaya jo anupama svapnAvalI dekhI hai, usase tuma atyanta saubhAgyazAlI pratibhAsita hotI ho| he prasannamukhi, he kalyANazAlinI, mere mukha se unakA ati sundara phala suno|" tvaM tAvadIkSitavatI zayaye'pyananyAM, svapnAvaliM tvanudari pratibhAsi dhnyaa| bho bho prasannavadane phalitaM tathA'syAH, kalyANinIha zrRNu maMjutamaM mamA''syAt / / 38 / / -vIro.sarga.41 " he subhage, tuma AptamImAMsA ke samAna pratIta ho rahI ho| jaise samantabhadra svAmI ke dvArA kI gaI Apta kI mImAMsA akalaMkadeva-dvArA alaMkRta huI hai, usI prakAra tuma bhI nirmala AbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa karatI ho| AtmamImAMsA sannaya se (saptabhaMgI rUpa syAdvAda nyAya ke dvArA) nirdoSa artha ko prakaTa karatI hai aura tuma apanI sundara ceSTA se nirdoSa tIrthaMkara deva ke Agamana ko prakaTa kara rahI ho / ' akalaMkAlaMkArA subhage devAgamArthamanavadyam / gamayantI sannayataH kilA''ptamImAMsitAkhyA vaa|| 39 / / -vIro.sarga.41

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232 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana he praphullita kamalanayane! tInoM lokoM kA advitIya tilaka aisA tIrthakara hone vAlA bAlaka Aja tumhAre garbha meM avatarita huA haiM- aisA saMketa yaha svapnAvalI de rahI hai| lokatrayaikatilako bAlaka utphullnlinnyne'dy| udare tavAvatarito hIMgitamiti santanotIdam / / 40 / / -viiro.srg.4| priyakAriNI! tumane jo airAvata hAthI dekhA hai, usI ke samAna tumhArA putra bhI isa mahI-maNDala para sabhI dizAoM meM dAna (mada-jala) ko vitaraNa karane vAlA niSpApa mahAna AtmA hogaa| dvitIya svapna meM baila, tRtIya svapna meM siMha, caturtha svapna meM hAthiyoM dvArA abhiSeka kI jAtI huI lakSmI dekhI hai| usase kramazaH dharma kI dhurA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, unmatta kuvAdi-rUpa hastiyoM ke mada ko nirdayatA se bhedane meM dakSa, tumhAre putra kA sumerU ke zikhara para indroM dvArA nirmala jala se abhiSeka hogaa| pA~caveM svapna meM bhramaroM se gujAra karatI do mAlAyeM, chaThaveM svapna meM candramA, sAtaveM svapna meM sUrya, AThaveM svapna meM jala se paripUrNa do kalaza, naveM svapna meM jala meM krIr3A karatI huI do machaliyA~, dazaveM svapna meM sahasra kamaloM se paripUrNa sarovara dekhA hai, vaha putra bhI sugandha se samasta jagat ko vyApta karane vAlA, dharmAmRta se jagata ko sIMcane vAlA aura tRSNAtura jIvoM ko amRta rUpa siddhi ko dene vAlA hogaa| . isI prakAra gyArahaveM svapna meM samudra, bArahaveM svapna meM sihAMsana, terahaveM svapna meM sura-sevita vimAna, caudahaveM svapna meM dhavala varNamAlA, pandrahaveM svapna meM nirmala ratnoM kI rAzi dekhI hai, usake samAna hI tumhArA putra bhI samasta logoM ke mano'nukUla AcaraNa karane vAlA, ananta nirmala guNa rUpa ratnoM se paripUrNa evaM mahAramaNIka hogaa| priyakAriNI rAnI apane prANanAtha ke zrImukha se maMgalamayI madhuravANI sunakara harSAzruoM ko bahAtI huI goda meM prApta hue putra ke samAna romAMcita ho gii|

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233 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana rAnI priyakAriNI aura devI saMvAda vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM paTTarAnI priyakAriNI aura zrI hI lakSmI Adi deviyoM ke saMvAda kA bar3A hI rocaka citraNa kiyA gayA hai| rAnI priyakAriNI ke garbha meM jaba vIra prabhu kA avataraNa hotA hai, taba zrI, hI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi, lakSmI Adi deviyA~ AtI haiM aura niSkAma bhAva se mAtA kI sevA karatI haiM, jisase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki una deviyoM meM caturAI, jJAnArjana ke prati jijJAsu pravRtti vinamratA vyAvahArika jJAna se paripUrNa kArya-kuzalatA evaM sevAbhAvI guNoM kA maMjula samanvaya hai| deviyoM ne kahA-hama saba Apako duHkha pahu~cAne vAlA koI kAma nahIM karegI, kintu Apako sukhadAyaka kArya hI kreNgii| isa prakAra vinamra evaM prazaMsanIya vacanoM se mAtA ko apanA abhiprAya kahakara aura unake hRdaya meM apanA sthAna jamA kara ve deviyA~ mAtA kI sevA meM lagakara apane ko sudhanya mAnane lgiiN| datvA nijIyaM hRdayaM tu tasyai labdhvA padaM tad-hRdi kiMca shsyaiH| vinatyupajJairvacanairjananyAH sevAsu devyo vibhavuH sudhnyaaH|| 8 / / -viiro.srg.5| pragai dadau darpaNamAdareNa dRSTuM mukhaM maMjudRzo ryenn| radeSu kartuM mRdu maMjanaM ca vaktraM tathA kSAlayituM jalaM c|| 9 / / ___ -viiro.srg:5| una deviyoM meM se kisI ne prAtaHkAla mAtA ke zayana kakSa se bAhara Ate hI unheM mukha dekhane ke lie Adara ke sAtha darpaNa diyA, to kisI ne zIghra dAMtoM kI zuddhi ke lie maMjana diyA aura kisI anya devI ne mukha ko dhone ke lie jala diyaa| koI devI mAtA ke zarIra kA ubaTana karane lagI, to koI snAna ko jala lAne ko udyata huii| kisI ne snAna karAyA, to kisI ne mA~ ke prazaMsanIya zarIra para par3e jala ko yaha vicAra karake kapar3e se poMchA ki isa pavitra uttama mAtA ke sAtha jar3a kA prasaMga kyoM rahe

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234 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ? kisI devI ne svabhAva se mAtA ke vakrima (kuTila) dikhane vAle ghugharagle bAloM kA jUr3A bA~dhA, to kisI catura devI ne mAtA ke caMcala netroM meM atyanta kAlA aMjana lgaayaa| babandha kAcitkabarI ca tasyA nisargato vakrimabhAvadRzyAm / tasyAH dRzozcancalayostathA'nyA'JjanaM cakArAtizitaM vdaanyaa|| 12 / / -viiro.srg.5| utsAha saMyukta ve sudeviyA~ pUjana ke yogya ucita vastuoM ko dekara mAtA ke sAtha hI parama sevya jinendra deva kI pUjA upAsanA karane lgiiN| kisI devI ne mRdaMga liyA to kisI dUsarI ne vINA uThAI, tIsarI ne maMjIre uThAye aura jinendradeva kI bhakti rasa se yukta hokara mAtA ke sAtha gAne lgiiN| ekA mRdaMga pradadhAra vINAmanyA sumaJjIramatha prviinnaa| mAtuH svare gAtumabhUt prayuktA jinaprabhorbhaktiraseNa yuktaa|| 17 / / . -viiro.srg.5| una deviyoM ne mAtA se aneka prazna pU~chanA prArambha kiyA- he mAtA! jIva duHkha ko kisa prakAra prApta hotA hai ? uttara- pApa karane se| praznapApa meM buddhi kyoM hotI hai ? uttara- aviveka ke pratApa se| praznaaviveka kyoM utpanna hotA hai ? uttara- moha ke zApa se arthAt moha karma ke udaya se jIvoM ke aviveka utpanna hotA hai| isa moha kA vinAza karanA jagata-janoM lie bar3A kaThina hai| duHkha jano'myeti kuto'tha pApAt, pApe kuto dhIra-viveka-tApAt / kuto'vivekaH sa ca mohazApAt, mohakSatiH kiM jagatAM duraapaa|| 28 / / -viiro.srg.5| isa prakAra praznottara kAla meM hI una vijJa deviyoM ne mAtA ko vizrAma kA icchuka jAnakara prazna pUchane se virAma liyaa| rAtri meM kisI

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235 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana devI ne sone ke lie uttama puSpoM dvArA zaiyA ko acchI taraha sjaayaa| mAtA ke usa para leTa jAne para kucha deviyA~ unake caraNoM ko dabAne lgiiN| ___ mAtA apane mukha meM zrI ko, netroM meM hI ko, mana meM dhRti ko, donoM urojoM (kucoM) meM kIrti ko , kArya sampAdana meM buddhi ko, aura dharma-kArya meM lakSmI ko dhAraNa karatI huI gRhAzrama meM zobhita huii| zriyaM mukhe'mbA hriyamatra netrayo'tiM svake kIrtimurojarAjayoH / buddhiM vidhAne ca ramA bRSakrame samAdadhAnA vibabhau gRhaashrmo|| 40 / / -viiro.srg.5| mAtA kI sevArtha AI zrI hI Adi deviyoM ko mAnoM mAtA ne ukta prakAra se AtmasAt kara liyaa| rAjA siddhArtha va vardhamAna saMvAda mahAkavi AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara ne vIrodaya ke aSTamasarga meM rAjA siddhArtha va vardhamAna ke bIca hue saMvAda ko nimna prakAra se citrita kiyA hai - bAlaka vardhamAna dhIre-dhIre yuvAvasthA kI ora agrasara hue| putra ko yuvAvasthA meM dekhakara pitA siddhArtha ne unheM vivAha-yogya kanyA dekhane ko khaa| pitA ke isa vivAha-prastAva ko sunakara vardhamAna bole - "he tAta! yaha Apa kyA kahate ho? loka kI aisI dArUNa sthiti meM, maiM kyA sadAratA arthAt karapatratA yA karoMtapanA aMgIkAra karU~ ? jaise lakar3I karoMta se kaTakara khaMDa-khaMDa ho jAtI hai, vaise hI kyA maiM bhI sadAratA ko prApta karake usI prakAra kI dazA ko prApta houuN|" yathA - sutarUpasthitiM dRSTavA tadA rAmopayogInIm / kanyA samitimanveSTuM pracakrAma prbhoHpitaa|| 22 || prabhurAha nizamyedaM tAta! taavtkimudyte| dArUNetyudite loke kimiSTe'haM sadAratAm / / 23 / / -viiro.srg.8|

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236 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAna ne pitA ke isa prastAva kA anumodana nahIM kiyaa| pitA ne punaH kahA- he Atmaja! binA kAraNa ke hI kyA rAjakula meM utpanna yaha yuvAtIrtha (yuvAvasthArUpI tIrtha) yuvatI rahita hI rahegA ? avivAhita rahane kA tumheM koI kAraNa to batalAnA chie| pitA ke (putra-prema se utpanna) isa moha ko dekhakara mahAmanA vardhamAna ne punaH vinaya ke sAtha isa prakAra kahA - karatramekatastAta! paratra nikhilaM jgt| premapAtraM kimityatra karttavyaM brUhi dhiimtaa|| 28 / / ' hRSIkANi samastAni mAdyanti pramadA''zrayAt / no cetpunarasantIva santi yAni tu dehinH|| 31 / / -vIro.sarga "he tAt! eka ora kalatra (strI) hai aura dUsarI ora yaha sarva duHkhI jagata hai| he zrIman! inameM se kise apanA premapAtra banAU~ ? merA kyA karttavya hai ? ise Apa hI btlaaiye| pramadA (strI) ke Azraya se ye samasta indriyAM mada ko prApta hotI haiN| yadi strI kA samparka na ho to phira ye dehadhArI ke hotI huI bhI nahIM hotI huI sI rahatI haiN| " " he tAt! saca to yaha hai ki jo indriyoM kA dAsa hai, vaha sarva jagata kA dAsa hai| kintu indriyoM ko jIta karake hI manuSya jagajjetRtva ko prApta kara sakatA hai| jo purUSa brahmacArI rahatA hai, usake devatA bhI zIghra vaza meM ho jAte haiM, phira manuSyoM kI to bAta hI kyA hai ? isIliye brahmacarya sarva vracAtaraNoM meM zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| isalie he pitA! hamArA yaha dRr3ha vicAra hai ki manuSya-janma ko dhAraNa karatA huA maiM strI ke vazaMgata nahIM houuNgaa|" jaise - indriyANAM tu yo dAsaH sa dAso jagatAM bhavet / indriyANi vijityaiva jagajjetRtvamApnuyAt / / 37 / / sadyo'pi vazamAyAnti devAH kimuta mAnavAH / yatastad brahmacarya hi vratAcAreSu sammatam / / 38 / /

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237 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana he pito'yamito'smAkaM suvicaarvinishcyH| narajanma dadhAno'haM na syAM bhiiruuvshNgtH|| 42 / / ___-viiro.srg.8| putra kI brahmacarya-vrata ke prati aisI niSThA dekhakara pitA ne harSita hokara unake sira kA sparza karake yatheccha jIvana-yApana karane kI anumati de dii| vIrodaya mahAkAvya kI anya kAvyoM se tulanA mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarakRta vIrodaya mahAkAvya saMskRta bhASA kA eka uccakoTi kA mahAkAvya hai| yaha anya mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA meM kharA utaratA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsakRta raghuvaMza mahAkAvya, meghUdata va kumArasammava, zrIharSakRta naiSadhIyacarita, mahAkavi mAghakRta zizupAla-vadha Adi se saMkSipta tulanA nimna prakAra hai - 1. raghuvaMza va vIrodaya mahAkAvya raghuvaMza ke dvitIya sarga meM rAjA dilIpa nandinI kA chAyA ke samAna anugamana karate haiN| sthitaH sthitAmuccalitaH prayAtAM niSedusImAsanabandha dhIraH / jalAbhilASI jalamAdadAnA chAyeva tAM bhUpatiranvagacchat / / 12-6|| vIrodaya meM rAnI priyakAriNI chAyA ke samAna rAjA siddhArtha kA anugamana karatI haiN| chAyeva sUryasya sadA'nugantrI babhUva mAyave vidheH sumntrin| nRpasya nAnA priyakAriNIti yasyAH punItA prnnyprnniitiH|| 15 / / -viiro.srg.3| he sumantrin! siddhArtha rAjA kI priyakAriNI nAma kI rAnI thI, jo sUrya kI chAyA ke samAna evaM vidhi kI mAyA ke samAna pati kA sadA anugamana karatI thI aura jisakA praNaya-praNayana (prema-pradarzana) pavitra thaa| ataH vaha apane "priyakAriNI" nAma ko sArthaka karatI thii|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana raghuvaMza ke rAjakumAra "prajAyai gRhamedhinAm" santAnotpatti ke lie gRhastha-dharma ko svIkAra karate haiM to vIrodaya ke nAyaka mahAvIra prajA kI sevA ke lie brahmacarya kI ArAdhanA karate haiM 8 kiM rAjatuktodvAhena prajAyAH sevayA tu sA ! tadarthamevedaM brahmacaryamArAdhayAmyaham || 43 / / 238 - vIro.sarga. 8 / kAlidAsa ne raghuvaMza meM dilIpa aura sudakSiNA ke madhya meM vidyamAna nandinI kI upamA dina aura rAtri ke madhya meM vidyamAna sandhyA se dI hai 'tadantare sA virarAjadhenu - rdinakSapAmadhyagateva sandhyA' / / 12-20 / / mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne sampatti va vipatti ke bIca meM rUcikara manuSyatA kI kalpanA rAta va dina ke madhya sthita sandhyA se kI hai vipannizevA'numitA bhuvItaH sampattibhAvo dinavatpunItaH / sandhyeva bhAyAd rUcirA nRtA tu dvayorUpAttapraNayapramAtuH / / 13 / / - vIro.sarga.17 / - -- saMsAra meM manuSya ko sampatti kA prApta honA dina ke samAna punIta hai / isI prakAra vipatti kA AnA bhI rAtri ke samAna avazyambhAvI hai / ina donoM ke madhya meM madhyastha rUpa se upasthita snehabhAva ko prApta hone vAle mahAnubhAva ke manuSyatA sandhyAkAla ke samAna rUcikara pratIta honA cAhie / gatvA sadyaH kalabhatanutAM zIghrasampAtahetoH / krIr3Azaile prathamakathite ramyasAnau niSaNNaH / / 2. meghadUta va vIrodaya mahAkAvya mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne uttaramegha meM megha kI tulanA hAthI ke bacce se karate hue kahA hai -

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239 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana arhasyantarbhavanapatitAM krtumlpaalpbhaasN| khadyotAlIvilasitaMnibhAM vidhudunmeSadRSTim / / 18 / / he megha! zIghra praveza karane ke lie tatkSaNa hAthI ke bacce ke samAna AkAra dhAraNa kara pUrvokta sundara zikhara vAle krIr3A-parvata para baiThe hue tuma alpa prakAza vAlI aura juganuoM kI paMkti ke samAna bijalI ke prakAza rUpa dRSTi ko bhavana ke bhItara ddaalo| vIrodaya meM mahAkavi jJAnasAgara likhate haiM ki yatkhAtikAvAriNi vAraNAnAM lasanti zaMkAmanusandadhAnAH / zanaizcarantaH pratimAvatArAnninAdino vArimuco'pyudArAH / / 30 || -viiro.srg.2| udAra, garjanA-yukta evaM dhIre-dhIre jAte hue megha nagara kI khAI ke jala meM pratibimbita apane rUpa se hAthiyoM kI zaMkA ko utpanna karate hue zobhita hote haiN| isa prakAra vIrodaya meM megha hAthI ke bacce kI zaMkA ko utpanna karatA huA zobhita hotA hai jaise kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kA megha hAthI ke bacce ke AkAra ko grahaNa karatA huA zobhita hotA hai| vIrodaya ke dvAdaza sarga ke 41veM padya meM ullekha hai ki jaise sUrya prasanna hokara vicAra mAtra se hI kuhare ko dUra kara detA hai vaise hI bha. mahAvIra ne dhyAna ke prabhAva se Atma sthita karmarUpa mala ko dUra kara diyA thA apAharat prAbhavabhRccharIra AtmasthitaM daivamalaM ca viirH| vicAramAtreNa tapobhRdadya pUSeva kalye kuharaM prsdy|| 41 / / -vIro.sarga.121 isa zloka para mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke pUrva meghadUta ke 39veM zloka kA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai jahA~ sUrya ke kamalinI ke mukha se osa-rUpI A~sU ko dUra karane ke lie Ane kA ullekha kiyA gayA

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240 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tasmin kAle nayana salilaM yoSitAM khaDitAnAM / zAntiM neyaM praNayibhirato vartma bhaanostyjaashu|| prAleyAnaM kamalavadanAtso'pi hartuM nalinyAH / pratyAvRttastvayi kararUdhi syAdanalpAbhyasUyaH / / 39 / / (pUrva megha) meghadUta meM pUrvamegha ke 51veM zloka meM gaMgA ke svaccha jala meM megha kI chAyA par3ane para saMgama-sthAna se bhinna sthAna meM gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama kI kalpanA kAlidAsa ne kI hai - tasyAH pAtuM suragaja iva vyomni pshcaarddhlmbii| tvaM cedacchasphaTikavizadaM tarkayestiryagambhaH / / saMsarpantyA sapadi bhavataH srotsicchaayyaasau| syAdasthAnopagata ymunaasNgmevaabhiraamaa|| vIrodaya meM isa zloka kI spaSTa pratIti karAtA huA caudahaveM sarga kA 47 vA~ zloka hai - samAgamaH kSatriyaviprabuddhayorabhUdapUrvaH parirabdhasuddhayoH / gAMgasya vai yAmunataH prayoga ivA''sako spsstttyopyogH|| 47 / / sarga- 14 / isameM kahA gayA hai ki parama vizuddhi ko prApta kSatriyabuddhi mahAvIra aura viprabuddhi indrabhUti kA abhUtapUrva samAgama huA jaise prayAga meM gaMgA aura yamunA jala kA saMgama tIrtharUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| 3. zizupAlavadha aura vIrodaya mahAkAvya zizupAla vadha ke prathama sarga meM nArada ke AkAza mArga se Ane para saba ora phailane vAle teja ko nIce Ate dekhakara yaha logoM ne vyAkulatA pUrvaka kahA - "yaha kyA hai" ?

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vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 241 tAtaM tirazrcInamanarU sAratheH prasiddhamUrdhvajvalanaM hvirbhujH| patatyadho dhAma vissAri sarvataH, kimetadityAkulamIkSitaM janaiH / / 2 / / zrIkRSNa unake svAgatArtha U~ce Asana se uTha ge| ___ javena pIThAdudatiSTha dcyutH|| 1--12 || unhoMne nArada se Ane kA kAraNa puuchaa| gataspRho'pyAgamana-prayojanaM vadeti vaktu vyavasIyate ythaa|| 1-30 / / vIrodaya ke paMcama sarga ke prArambha meM batAyA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbha meM Ane ke bAda AkAza meM sUrya prakAza ko bhI ullaMghana karane vAlA aura uttarottara vRddhi ko prApta mahAna prakAza dikhAyI diyA, jise dekhakara "yaha kyA hai" ?- isa prakAra tarka-vitarka logoM ke hRdaya meM utpanna huaa| athAbhavad vyomni mahAprakAzaH sUryAtizayI sahasA tadA saH / kimetaditthaM hRdi kAkubhAvaH kurvan janAnAM pracalatprabhAvaH / / 1 / / -viiro.srg.5| isake bAda zrI Adi deviyoM kA vaha prakAza-samUha logoM ke samIpa aayaa| use dekhakara rAjA siddhArtha khar3e hokara una deviyoM ke atithi satkAra kI vidhi meM udyata hue| kSaNottaraM sannidhimAjagAma zrIdevatAnAM nivahaH sa naam| tAsAM kilA''tithyavidhau nareza udbhIbabhUvodyata Adare sH||2|| -viiro.srg.5| Apa deva-lakSmiyoM kA manuSya ke dvAra para Ane kA kyA kAraNa hai? yaha vitarka mere citta ko vyAkula kara rahA hai- aisA vAkya rAjA siddhArtha ne khaa| heturnaradvAri samAgamAya surazriyaH ko'sti kiletikAyaH / dunoti cittaM mama tarka eSa prayuktavAn vAkyamidaM narezaH / / 3 / / -viiro.srg:5|

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242 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 4. naiSadhIyacarita aura vIrodaya mahAkAvya naiSadhIya caritam meM kahA gayA hai - adhIti-bodhAcaraNa-pracAraNai-rdazAzcatasraH praNayannupAdhibhiH catudarzatvaM kRtavAn kutaH svayaM, na vedina vidyAsu caturdazasvayam / / 1-4 / / caudaha vidyAoM meM adhyayana, arthajJAna, AcaraNa aura adhyApana (ina cAra) prakAra se cAra avasthAe~ karate hue isase svayaM caturdazatA kaise kara dI? yaha maiM nahIM jAnatA huuN| isa padya kA prabhAva vIrodaya ke nimnalikhita padyoM para dRSTigocara hotA hai - ekA'sya vidyA zravasozca tattvaM samprApya lebhe'tha cturdshtvm| zaktistathA nIticatuSkasAramupAgatA'ho navatAM babhAra / / 14 / / -viiro.srg.3| rAjA siddhArtha kI eka vidyA donoM zravaNoM ke tattva ko prApta hokara caturdazatva ko prApta huI tathA eka zakti meM bhI nIticatuSka ke sAra ko prApta hokara navapane ko dhAraNa kiyaa| adhItibodhA''caraNa pracAraizcaturdazatvaM gmitaa'tyudaaraiH| vidyA catuHSaSThirataH svabhAvAdasyAzca jAtAH sakalAH kalA vA9 / / 30 / / vI.sarga.3 rAnI kI vidyA vizada rUpa adhIti (adhyayana) bodha (jJAna) AcaraNa (tadanukUla pravRtti) aura pracAra ke dvArA caturdazatva ko prApta huii| naiSadhIyacarita (1-14) meM batAyA haiM ki bramhA ne nala ke teja aura yaza ke sAmane candra aura sUrya ko vyartha samajhA aura unakI kuNDalI banA dii| vIrodaya meM bhI rAnI priyakAriNI ke mukha ke sAmane candramA ko vyartha samajha kara vidhAtA candramA para rekhA khIMca detA hai jise loga kalaMka kahate haiN|

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243 vIrodaya kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana tajosastadyazasaH sthitAvibhau, vRtheti citte kurUte yadA tdaa| tanoti mAno pariveSakaitavAt tadAvidhiHkuNDalAnAM vidhorpi|| 1-14 / / - naiSadhIya carita 1-14 | pUrva vinirmAya vidhuM vishess-ytnaadvidhistnmukhmevmessH| kurvastadullekhakarI cakAra sa tatra lekhAmiti tAmudAraH / / 29 / / -viiro.srg.3| isa prakAra saMvAdoM kI viziSTitA tathA anya kAvyoM se tulanA karane para vardhamAna kI brahmacarya vrata ke prati dRr3ha niSThA tathA rAjA siddhArtha va trizalA dvArA svIkRti pradAna karanA Adi citraNa meM kavi ne apanI kAvya kuzalatA ko ukerA hai| sUktiyA~ - 1. svaroTikAM hi moTayituM zikSate jano'khilaH samvalaye'dhunA kSiteH / na kazcanApyanyavicAratanmanA nRlokameSA grasate hi puutnaa|| 9/9 - Aja isa bhUtala para sabhI jana apanI apanI roTI ko moTI banAne meM lage haiN| koI bhI kisI anya kI bhalAI kA vicAra nahIM kara rahA hai| aho! Aja to yaha svArthaparAyaNatA rUpI rAkSasI sAre manuSya loka ko hI grasa rahI hai|| 9 / / 2. pIr3A mamAnyasya tatheti jantu-mAtrasya rkssaakrnnaiktntu| ___ kRpAnvitaM mAnasamatra yasya sa brAmhaNaH sambhavatAnnRzasya / / 14/37 -- jaisI pIr3A mujhe hotI hai vaise hI anya ko bhI hotI hogIaisA vicArakara jo prANImAtra kI rakSA karane meM sadA sAvadhAna rahatA hai, jisakA hRdaya sadA dayAyukta rahatA hai vahI brAhmaNa hone ke yogya hai| 3. pApaM vimuccaiva bhavet punItaH svarNa ca kiTTapratipAti hiitH|| 17/7 - pApa ko chor3akara hI manuSya pavitra kahalA sakatA hai| jaise kITa kAlimA vimukta hone para hI svarNa sammAnanIya hotA hai|

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244 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sandarbha - 1-7. vIro. sarga. 1 padya-1, 5, sarga 8 zlo. 28 | 8. raghuvaMza mahAkAvya sarga 2 / 9. vIrodaya mahAkAvya sarga 3, zloka 301

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adhyAya -- 5 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana bhAratIya saMskRti mAnava ke rahana-sahana, AcAra-vicAra, aura zArIrika-mAnasika Atmika zaktiyoM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| ataH yaha do pakSoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale pakSa kA sambandha una bAtoM se hai jisakA nirmANa vAtAvaraNa, saMskAra aura samparka Adi ke phalasvarUpa huA karatA hai aura dUsare pakSa kA una bAtoM se hai, jo mAnava apane pUrvajoM se pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai / prathama pakSIya viSayoM kI nIMva mAnava ke janmakAla se hI par3a jAtI hai| una viSayoM meM pramukha haiM prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa / jIvana kI sAmAnya rUparekhA, / pArivArika - sAmAjikadhArmika-rAjanaitika sthiti / dvitIya pakSa meM vibhinna viSayoM ke vizvAsa aura mAnyatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha aneka parvotsava Adi Ate haiM, jinase jIvana ke prati samAja ke dRSTikoNa kI saMkucitatA yA vyApakatA kA sahaja hI paricaya mila jAtA hai / -- saMskRti mAnava-hRdaya ko pavitra karane vAle susaMskAroM kA samUha hai / yaha rASTra va samAja - vizeSajJa kI gati-vidhiyoM kA paricaya karAtI hai| isI ke mAdhyama se jana-mAnasa kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai / yahI cirantana bhAvanAoM, kAmanAoM tathA gantavyoM kI AdhAra - zilA kahI gaI hai| jisa rASTra kI saMskRti vizada, udAra tathA mahatI hogI, vahI rASTra samunnata hogA / vIrodaya kAvya meM varNita bhAratIya saMskRti mahAkavi jJAnasAgara eka santa mahApuruSa haiN| unakA sAhitya pravRtti se nivRtti kI ora unmukha hotA hai / yadyapi unake sAhitya-sRja

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kA mukhya lakSya sAMskRtika citraNa nahIM hai tathApi unake kAvyoM meM uccakoTi kA sAMskRtika citraNa milatA hai| AcAryazrI bhale hI apane AcAra-vicAra meM nivRttivAdI rahe hoM, para samAja evaM saMskRti se kaTa kara ve kabhI nahIM cle| ve dharmopadeSTA evaM dharma-sudhAraka the| unhoMne samAja ko sanmArga para lAne ke lie sAhitya-sRjana kiyaa| janasAdhAraNa kI sAMskRtika paramparAoM evaM usake dainika vyavahAroM se ve bhalIbhA~ti paricita the| janamAnasa meM AdhyAtmika evaM dhArmika cetanA bharane ke lie unhoMne jisa vizAla sAhitya kI racanA kI usameM sAMskRtika cetanA ke kaI sthala milate haiN| 246 AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM bhI bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUla tattvoM ko pirone kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isameM bhAratIya saMskRti kI dyotaka jinendradeva ke prati dRr3ha bhakti citrita hai / vIrodaya grantha kA zubhArambha hI zrI jinendradeva kI bhakti se kiyA hai| ve jina bhagavAna hama sabake kalyANa ke lie hoM, jinakI caraNa- sevA samasta zrotAjanoM ko aura mere lie mevA tulya hai, jinakI sevA dAkha ke samAna miSTa aura mRdu hai aura hRdaya ko prasanna karane vAlI hai| graMthArambha meM zrI jinendradeva kI stuti tathA anya pAtroM dvArA jinendra - pUjana kI bAteM kavi kI jinendra bhakti meM AsthA kA spaSTa saMketa karatI haiM tathA bhagavAna jinendra deva kI mUrtiyoM aura jinAlayoM kA varNana bhI unakI jinendra - bhakti kA pramANa hai / ' AcAryazrI ne gurU tathA mAtA - pitA ke prati bhI Adara - bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai| mAtA - pitA kA sammAna karanA, vinamratA dhAraNa karanA, bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizeSa tattva haiN| mahAkAvya nAyaka vardhamAna brahmacaryavrata lene kI icchA se mAtA - pitA dvArA prastuta vivAha ke prastAva ko jisa vinamratA se asvIkRta karate haiM, vaha vinamratA pratyeka bhAratIya putra ke lie anukaraNIya hai| 2 bhAratIya saMskRti kI mAnyatAnusAra garbhavatI nArI kI hara icchA ko pUrNa kiyA jAtA hai, usakI bhalIbhA~ti sevA kara use saba

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247 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana prakAra se prasanna rakhA jAtA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM bhI tIrthakara kA garbhAvataraNa hone para indradeva zrI hrIM Adi deviyoM ko mAtA priyakAriNI kI sevA-suzrUSA ke lie bhejate haiM, jo mAtA kI sevA ke lie sadA tatpara rahatI bhAratIya saMskRti meM solaha saMskAroM kI bhI vizeSa mAnyatA hai| isa grantha meM ucita samaya para vIra prabhu kA garbhAvataraNa, unakA janma, nAmakaraNa, zikSA-dIkSA Adi saMskAroM kA ullekha huA hai|' __. purnajanma kI avadhAraNA ke phalasvarUpa vyakti ko apane kiye hue karmoM kA phala dUsare janma meM avazya bhoganA paDatA hai| vardhamAna ke taiMtIsa pUrvajanmoM kA varNana isa mAnyatA kI puSTi karatA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM tyauhAroM kA mahattva hone se mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne bhI zrAvaNa mAsa meM jhUlA jhUlane kI paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai| gatAgatai-rdolikakelikAyAM muhurmuhuH prAptaparizramAyAm / punazca naiSuNyamupaiti teSu yoSA sutoSA purUSAyiteSu / / 21 || -vIro.sarga.41 bhAratIya saMskRti meM nihita, purUSArtha catuSTaya tathA caturvarNa hI samAja-vyavasthA ko vyavasthita rakhate haiN| vIrodaya meM purUSArtha catuSTya tathA caturvarNa kA saMketa hai| mahArAja siddhArtha apanI prajA meM purUSArtha catuSTya va caturvarNa kI vyavasthA svayaM kiyA karate the| trivargabhAvAtpratipattisAraH svayaM caturvarNavidhiM ckaar| jano'pavargasthitaye bhave'daH sa nA'nabhijJatvamamuSya veda / / 9 / / -viiro.srg.3|

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248 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pariccheda - 1 sAmAjika citraNa varNa vyavasthA jainadharma, varNa-vyavasthA tathA usake AdhAra para sAmAjika-vyavasthA ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| siddhAnta-granthoM meM varNa aura jAti zabda nAmakarma ke prabhedoM meM Aye haiN| anuzruti ke anusAra sabhyatA ke Adi yuga meM, jise zAstrIya bhASA meM "karmabhUmi kA prArambha" kahA jAtA hai, RSabhadeva ne asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, zilpa aura vANijya kA upadeza diyA, usI AdhAra para sAmAjika vyavasthA bnii| logoM ne svecchA se kRSi Adi kArya svIkRta kara liye| koI kArya choTA bar3A nahIM samajhA gyaa| isI taraha koI bhI kArya dharma dhAraNa karane meM rUkAvaTa nahIM mAnA gyaa| bAda ke sAhitya meM yaha anuzruti to surakSita rahI, kintu usake sAtha meM varNa-vyavasthA kA sambandha jor3A jAne lgaa| navamI zatAbdI meM Akara jinasena ne aneka vaidika mantavyoM para bhI jainachApa lagA dii| jaTAsiMhanandi ne caturvarNa kI laukika aura zrauta (smArta) mAnyatAoM kA vistAra se khaNDana karake likhA hai ki kRtayuga meM to varNabheda thA nahIM, tretAyuga meM svAmI-sevaka bhAva A calA thaa| dvApara yuga meM nikRSTa bhAva hone lage aura mAnava-samUha nAnA vargoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| kalayuga meM to sthiti aura bhI badatara ho gyii| ziSTa logoM ne kriyA-vizeSa kA dhyAna rakhakara vyavahAra calAne ke lie dayA, abhirakSA, kRSi aura zilpa ke AdhAra para cAra varNa kahe haiM, anyathA varNa-catuSTaya banatA hI nhiiN|' raviSeNAcArya (676 I.) ne pUrvokta anuzruti to surakSita rakhI, kintu usake sAtha varNoM kA sambandha jor3a diyaa| unhoMne likhA hai ki - "RSabhadeva ne jina vyaktiyoM ko rakSA-kArya meM niyukta kiyA, ve loka meM kSatriya kahalAye, jinheM vANijya, kRSi, go-rakSA Adi vyApAroM meM

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana 249 niyukta kiyA, ve vaizya tathA jo zAstroM se dUra bhAge aura hIna kAma karane meM lage, ve zUdra khlaaye| harivaMza purANa meM jinasenasUri (783 I.) ne raviSeNAcArya ke kathana ko hI dUsare zabdoM meM doharAyA hai|' isa prakAra karmaNA varNa-vyavasthA kA pratipAdana karate rahane ke bAda bhI usake sAtha caturvarNa kA sambandha jur3a gayA aura usake pratiphala svarUpa sAmAjika jIvana aura zrauta-smArta mAnyatAe~ jainasamAja aura jainacintakoM ko prabhAvita karatI gyiiN| eka zatAbdI bItate-bItate yaha prabhAva jaina janamAnasa meM isa taraha baiTha gayA ki navamI zatAbdI meM jinasena ne una saba mantavyoM ko svIkAra kara liyA aura una para jainadharma kI chApa bhI lagA dii| jinasena para zrauta-smArta prabhAva kI carama sImA vahA~ dikhAI detI hai, jaba ve isa kathana kA jainIkaraNa karane lagate haiM ki "brahmA ke mukha se brAhmaNa, bAhuoM se kSatriya, UrU se vaizya tathA pairoM se zUdroM kI utpatti huii| ve likhate haiM ki RSabhadeva ne apanI bhujAoM meM zastra dhAraNa karake kSatriya banAye, UrU dvArA yAtrA kA pradarzana karake vaizyoM kI racanA kI tathA hIna kAma karane vAle zUdroM ko pairoM se bnaayaa| mukha se zAstroM kA adhyApana karAte hue bharata brAhmaNavarNa kI racanA kregaa| eka to samAja meM zrauta-smArta prabhAva svayaM bar3hatA jA rahA thaa| dUsare usa para jainadharma kI chApa laga jAne se aura bhI dRr3hatA A gyii| AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya meM likhA hai ki kAla parivartana ke phalasvarUpa isa dharAtala para krama se caudaha manu utpanna hue, jinheM kulakara kahA jAtA hai| una meM antima manu nAbhirAya hue| inakI strI marUdevI ne eka mahAna putra ko janma diyA, jise purANoM ne 'RSama' isa nAma se pukaaraa| usa samaya ke logoM kI pArasparika kalaha pUrNa dukhita dIna-dazA dekhakara mahAtmA RSabha ne unheM kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra-tInoM vargoM meM vibhakta kara unake jIvana nirvAha kI samucita vyavasthA kii| yathA - vIkSyedRzImaMgabhRtAmavasthAM teSAM mahAtmA kRtavAn vyavasthAm / vibhajya tAn kSatriya-vaizya-zUdra-bhedena medhA-saritAM samudraH / / 13 / / -vIro.sarga.181

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250 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana logoM ko duHkhI dekhakara RSabhadeva ne dayA se dravIbhUta hokara sevA-parAyaNa zUdroM ko nAnA prakAra kI zilpa kalAyeM sikhalAIM, vaizyoM ko pazu pAlanA, khetI karanA sikhAyA tathA artha-zAstra kI zikSA dekara prajA ke bharaNa poSaNa kA bhAra sauNpaa| kSatriyoM ko nItizAstra kI zikSA dekara unheM prajA ke saMrakSaNa kA bhAra sauNpaa| yasyAnukampA hRdi tUdiyAya sa zilpakalpaM vRSalotsavAya / nigadya viDbhyaH kRSikarma cAyamihArthazAstra nRpasaMstavAya / / 14 / / -viiro.srg18| RSabhadeva ne samaya ke vicAra se lokopakArI zAstroM kI racanA kara jagata ke kaSToM ko dUra kiyA, unheM yoga (Avazyaka vastuoM ko juTAnA) aura zreya (prApta vastuoM kA saMrakSaNa karanA) sikhaayaa| prajA kI jIvikA aura surakSA-vidhi kA vidhAna karane se ve RSabhadeva jagata ke vidhAtA, sRSTA yA brahmA khlaaye| parivAra parivAra eka AdhArabhUta sAmAjika samUha hai| usake kAryoM kA vistRta svarUpa vibhinna samAjoM meM alaga-alaga hotA hai| phira bhI unake mUlabhUta kArya saba jagaha samAna hI hote haiN| yaha bhAvanAtmaka ghaniSThatA kA vAtAvaraNa banAtA hai tathA bAlaka ke samucita poSaNa va sAmAjika vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka pRSThabhUmi detA hai| isa prakAra sAmAjika gaThana meM parivAra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hotA hai| parivAra sAmAjika jIvana kI rIr3ha hai tathA eka sArvabhaumika saMsthA hai| manuSya kA samucita rUpeNa jIvana-yApana parivAra meM hI sambhava hai| parivAroM kA samUha hI samAja hai| samanvayAtmakatA bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatA hai| isI ke kAraNa yahA~ saMyukta parivAra kI paramparA hai| manuSya kA janma, lAlana-pAlana, rahana-sahana Adi kArya parivAra dvArA hI sampanna hote haiN| parivAra meM pati-patnI ke atirikta mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahina, putra-putrI Adi hote haiN| inameM pArasparika sambandha madhura hote haiN| vyakti ke samAjIkaraNa kI

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana 251 prakriyA meM parivAra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| mAtR-sneha, pitR-prema, dAmpatya-Asakti, santAna-vAtsalya, sahayoga aura saMgharSa parivAra ke mukhya AdhAra haiN| inhIM AdhAroM para parivAra kA prAsAda nirmita hotA hai| saMyukta pAravAra ke tIna ghaTaka haiN| (1) dAmpatya sambandha, (2) mAtA-pitA va santAna kA sambandha, (3) bhAI-bhAI yA bhAI-bahina kA saMbaMdha / bhArata meM prAcIna kAla se hI saMyukta parivAra prathA rahI hai| parivAra ke sabhI sadasya eka hI sthAna para rahate the, eka jagaha banAyA huA bhojana karate the tathA sabhI eka dUsare kI bhAvanAoM kA Adara karate the| sabase bar3A vyakti (pitA) hI parivAra kA mukhiyA hotA thaa| sabhI unakI AjJA kA pAlana karate the| mAtA gRhasvAminI hotI thI, jo parivAra ke sabhI kAryoM kA dhyAna rakhatI thiiN| prAcIna kAla meM parivAra kI Aya kA mukhya strota kRSi kArya thaa| sabhI parijana kRSi kArya karate the| mahilAeM gRhakArya baccoM kI dekhabhAla tathA vRddhoM kI sevA-zuzrUSA kiyA karatI thii| vartamAna meM saMyukta parivAroM kA vighaTana hotA jA rahA hai| vyakti gAMvoM meM hI saMyukta parivAroM meM rahate haiM, jabaki zaharoM meM adhikAMza akele hI rahate haiN| Aja ke yuga meM hara par3hA likhA vyakti zaharoM meM kAma karanA cAhatA hai| ataH vaha apanA ghara-parivAra chor3akara zaharoM meM akelA hI rahatA hai| prAcInakAla meM nArI ghara kI cahAradIvArI meM baMda rahatI thii| para aba vaha zikSA prApta kara naye-naye vyavasAyoM se jur3a rahI hai, jisase vaha bhI saMyukta parivAroM meM kisI ke adhIna nahIM rahanA caahtii| ____ AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya meM rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI priyakAriNI ke dAmpatya jIvana ke atyanta madhura sambandhoM kA citraNa kiyA hai| rAjA siddhArtha ko rAnI prANoM se bhI pyArI thI aura rAnI ko rAjA bhI prANoM se priya thaa| una donoM meM paraspara atyanta anurAga thaa| yathA - asumAha patiM sthitiH punaH samavAyAya suriitivstunH| sa matAM mamatAmudAharadajaDaH kintu samarthakandharaH / / 35 / / -viiro.srg.3|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rAjA-rAnI sukha-dukha meM paraspara sahayoga kiyA karate the| rAnI priyakAriNI kA rAjA siddhArtha sammAna karate the tathA rAnI bhI rAjA ke anukUla AcaraNa karatI thI / priyakAriNI ko garbhavatI jAnakara rAjA atyanta prasanna hotA hai, solaha svapnoM kA phala batAtA hai tathA tIrthakara kI mAtA banane para atyanta prasanna hotA hai / 252 pitR - santati ke rUpa meM bhI rAjA siddhArtha eka Adarza pitA haiM / vIra prabhu ke janma para rAjA ne pUre nagara meM janmotsava mnaayaa| putra para unakA atyanta sneha bhI thA / putra kI bAla lIlAoM ko dekhakara ve bahuta harSita hote the / vIra prabhu para rAjA kA sneha itanA adhika thA ki unake dvArA vivAha - prastAva ko asvIkAra kara dene para bhI ve unheM digambarI dIkSA kI anumati de dete haiM / isa prakAra vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM dAmpatya jIvana kI sundara jhA~kI hai / yaha vartamAna meM saMyukta parivAroM ke vighaTana tathA pArivArika sambandhoM ko sudhArane meM preraka hai / rAjA-rAnI kA madhura sukhI dAmpatya-jIvana darzAtA hai ki yadi parivAra meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA hai, to donoM ko eka dUsare kI bhAvanAoM kA sammAna aura eka dUsare ke anukUla AcaraNa karanA cAhie tabhI dAmpatya-sambandhoM meM madhuratA A sakatI hai| parivAra meM samanvaya va sAmaMjasya kI bhAvanA se pArivArika sambandha bhI sRdRr3ha va vikasita hote haiN| jainAgamoM meM mitra, jJAti - nijaka, svajana, aura parijanoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / jaise-jaise pitA vayovRddha hote the, parivAra kI dekha-rekha kA bojha jyeSTha putra para par3atA thA / loga apane putroM ko ghara kA bhAra saupa kara dIkSA le lete the / janma, vivAha, maraNa tathA vividha utsavoM para svajana-saMbaMdhiyoM ko nimaMtrita kiyA jAtA thA / mahAvIra ke janma ke samaya unake mAtA-pitA ne aneka mitroM, sambandhiyoM, svajanoM aura anuyAyiyoM ko Amantrita kara khUba Ananda manAyA thaa| yathA jinacandramasaM prapazya taM jagadAhlAdakaraM samunnatam / karakaMjayugaM ca kuDmalIbhavadindrasya babhau kilA'cchali / / 15 / / - vIro.sarga. 7 /

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana 253 isI prakAra devatAoM ne bhI kuNDanapura Akara jagat ko AhlAdita karane vAle pUrNamAsI ke candramA ke samAna samunnata jina-candra ko dekhakara Ananda kA anubhava kiyA thaa| samAja va sAmAjika saMgaThana amarakoza ke anusAra 'pazubhinnAnAM saMghaH' pazu-pakSI se bhinna mAnavoM kA samudAya yA saMgha samAja hai| samAja zabda vyApaka hai| vyaktiyoM ke vizvAsa evaM svIkRtiyA~ samAja meM vidyamAna hotI haiN| sAmAjika sambandhoM kA eka nizcita svarUpa hai| sRSTi kA sabase bar3A vikasita rUpa mAnava-jIvana hai| kartavyoM kA nirvAhana, jIvana-vistAra kA sarvottama rUpa hai| samAja kA gaThana jIvanta mAnava ke anurUpa hotA hai| samAja ke lie kucha mAnya niyama yA svayaM siddhiyA~ hotI haiM, jinakA pAlana usa samudAya vizeSa ke vyaktiyoM ko karanA par3atA hai| jisa samudAya meM eka-sA dharma, saMskRti, sabhyatA, paramparA, rIti-rivAja samAna dharAtala para vikasita aura vRddhiMgata hote haiM, vaha samudAya eka samAja kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| vizva bandhutva kI bhAvanA jitanI adhika bar3hatI jAtI hai, samAja kA kSetra utanA hI adhika vistRta hotA jAtA hai| bhAvanAtmaka ekatA hI samAja-vistAra kA ghaTaka hai| manuSya kA vistAra kSudra se virAT kI ora hotA hai| sukha-dukha kI dhAraNAoM ko samatva rUpa meM jitanA adhika bar3hane kA avasara milatA hai, samAja kI paridhi utanI hI bar3hatI jAtI hai| vyakti-kendrita cetanA jaba samaSTi kI ora mur3atI hai, karttavya aura uttaradAyitva kA saMkalpa jAgRta hotA hai, pAsparika sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUti kI saMvedanazIlatA bar3hatI hai, to sAmAjikatA kA vikAsa bhI hotA jAtA hai| samAja eka vyakti ke vyavahAra para nirbhara nahIM karatA, kintu bahusaMkhyaka manuSyoM ke vyavahAroM ke AdhAra para hI usakA gaThana hotA hai| vastutaH samAja, manuSyoM kI sAmudAyika kriyAoM, sAmUhika hitoM, AdarzoM evaM eka hI prakAra kI AcAra-prathAoM para avalambita hai| aneka vyakti jaba eka hI prakAra kI janarItiyoM (folk ways) aura rUDhiyoM (Moreo) ke

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254 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana anusAra apanI pravRtti karane lagate haiM, to vibhinna prakAra ke sAmAjika saMgaThana janma le lete haiM, jisameM karttavyAkarttavyoM, utsavoM, saMskAroM evaM sAmAjika sambandhoM kA samAveza rahatA hai| katipaya manuSyoM ke vyavahAra aura vizvAsoM kA eka hI rUpa meM adhika samaya taka pracalana sAmAjika saMsthAoM ko utpanna karatA hai| sAmAjika saMgaThana samAja kI utpatti vyakti kI sukha-suvidhAoM hetu hotI hai| jaba vyakti ke jIvana meM azAnti kA bhISaNa tANDava bar3ha jAtA hai, bhojana, vastra aura AvAsa kI samasyAyeM vikaTa ho jAtI haiM, jinakI pUrti vyakti akelA nahIM kara sakatA, taba vaha sAmAjika saMgaThana prArambha karatA hai| bhoga aura lobha kI kAmanA vizva ke samasta padArthoM ko jIvana-yajJa ke lie viSa banAtI hai tathA prabhutA kI pipAsA viveka ko tilAMjali dekara kAmanAoM kI vRddhi karatI hai| ahaM-bhAvanA vyakti meM itanI adhika hai, jisase vaha anyoM ke adhikAroM kI pUrNa avahelanA karatA hai| ahaMvAdI/ahaMkArI kI dRSTi apane adhikAroM evaM dUsaroM ke kartavyoM taka hI sImita rahatI hai| phalataH vyakti ko apane ahaMkAra kI tuSTi ke lie samAja kA Azraya lenA par3atA ,AcAryazrI ke kAvyoM ke anuzIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki unheM aisA samAja priya hai, jahA~ logoM meM dharma evaM mAnavatA ke prati AsthA ho tathA bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUla tattva adhikAdhika mAtrA meM hoN| samAja meM saMgaThana ho| muniyoM kA kartavya samAja meM dharma ke prati logoM meM cetanA jAgRta karanA ho| zAsaka, prajAraMjana karate hue rAjya kareM, vaNika-jana arthavyavasthA ko sNbhaaleN| sevaka tInoM zreNiyoM ke logoM kI sevA kreN| ataH spaSTa hai ki AcAryazrI bhArata meM pracalita varNavyavasthA ko mAnate haiN| AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara ke anusAra nagarIya samAja kI apekSA grAmINa samAja meM saralatA evaM sauhArda ke darzana adhika hote haiN| jisa anAtha bAlaka ke viSaya meM sunakara seTha guNapAla use mArane ko tatpara ho jAte haiM usI bAlaka ko dekhakara bastI meM rahane vAle govinda gvAle ke mana meM dayA evaM vAtsalya kA srota umar3ane lagatA hai|

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255 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana vIrodaya meM nItigata vyavasthAe~ rAjanaitika vyavasthA - kisI rAjya ke saMcAlana kI rIti ko hI rAjanIti kahate haiN| rAjanIti pratyeka zAsaka kI alaga-alaga hotI hai| kisI rAjya kI nIti saphala hotI hai aura kisI kI asphl| saphala rAjanIti vaha hai, jisake anusAra rAjA prajA para niyantraNa bhI kara sake aura use vAtsalya bhI de ske| isa prakAra kI nIti meM vidroha kI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| AcArya jJAnasAgara ko isa bAta kA pUrA-pUrA jJAna hai ki rAjA kA prajA ke prati aura prajA kA rAjA ke prati kyA-kyA karttavya hone cAhie ? eka muni dvArA rAjakumAra jayakumAra ko diye gaye upadeza meM kavi kI isa rAjanaitika vicAradhArA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| usake anusAra rAjA ko apane sevakoM se ucita vyavahAra karanA caahie| dAna, sammAna Adi se zatruoM ko bhI apane vaza meM kara lenA caahie| jayodaya mahAkAvya meM muni dvArA jayakumAra ko isa prakAra upadeza diyA gayA hai - dAnamAnavinayairyathocitaM toSayanniha sadharmi-saMhatim / kRtyakRtimatino'nukUlayan saMlabheta gRhidharmato jayam / / 72 || ___ -jyo.srg.2| rAjA yathAyogya roti se dAna-sammAna aura vinaya dvArA na kevala samAnadharmI logoM ko santuSTa rakhe balki vidharmI logoM ko bhI apane anukUla banAye rakhe tathA apane gRhastha dharma para vijaya prApta kre| ___ jo rAjA prajA ke hita kA dhyAna rakhatA hai, yogya vyakti ko hI kArya sauMpatA hai, aura soca-vicAra kara hI kArya karatA hai, usake hI rAjya meM prajA sukhI hotI hai evaM usake hI prati prajA meM bhakti bhAvanA udita hotI hai| rAjA siddhArtha, cakravartI bharata evaM vRSabhadatta aise hI prajAvatsala zAsaka haiN| samrATa bharata to rAjanIti meM atyadhika nipuNa haiN| adhInastha rAjAoM se unake aise pArivArika sambandha hai ki ve unake virUddha vidroha karanA to dUra usakI soca bhI nahIM skte|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rAjA ko prajAvatsala evaM rAjanipuNa hone ke sAtha hI sAtha, dUradarzI bhI honA caahie| use na kevala bAhya logoM kI apitu antaHpura ke vRttAntoM kI bhI pUrNa jAnakArI honI cAhie / rAjA ko vyakti kI pUrI parakha honI cAhie, anyathA antaHpura meM hone vAle bhraSTAcAroM ke lie sudarzana jaise niraparAdha prajAjana doSI ThaharAye jAte haiM / rAjAoM ko bhI cAhie ki vaha vAstavika aparAdhI ko khojakara nyAyapUrvaka daNDa kI vyavasthA kre| sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya meM aparAdhI kA citraNa karate hue kavi ne likhA hai ki sudarzana ko mArane ke lie hAtha meM talavAra lekara rAjA jaise hI udyata huA usake abhimAna kA nAza karane vAlI AkAza vANI isa prakAra prakaTa huI. - jitendriyo mahAneSasvadAreSvasti toSavAn / rAjannirIkSyatAmitthaM gRhacchidraM parIkSyatAm || 10 / / -sudarzano. sarga.8 / 256 he rAjan ! sudarzana apanI hI strI meM santuSTa rahane vAlA mahAna jitendriya puruSa hai, yaha nirdoSa hai| apane hI ghara ke chidra ko dekho aura yathArtha rahasya kA nirIkSaNa karo / rAjya saMcAlana kA pramukha adhikArI rAjA hotA hai / kavi ne nyAyAdhIza ke rUpa meM bhI rAjA ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| rAjA ko salAha dene ke lie eka maMtra - maNDala bhI honA cAhie / artha-vyavasthA calAne ke eka rAja- seTha kA pada bhI kavi ko mAnya hai| rAjya kI surakSA hetu kavi ko senApati pada bhI svIkArya hai| saMdezoM ko idhara-udhara bhejane ke lie dUtoM kI bhI acchI vyavasthA honI cAhie / prajA ko rAjA ke niyantraNa meM rahanA cAhie / rAjA kI ora se prasArita AjJA kA pratyeka ko pAlana karanA caahie| kavi ne AjJAkArI prajAjana ke rUpa meM somadatta ko prastuta kiyA hai, jo rAjA kI AjJA prApta hone para rAjakumArI se vivAha kI vinamra svIkRti detA hai| 10 yuddha ke sambandha meM bhI kavi kI dhAraNA hai ki jaba pratipakSI rAjA yuddha karane para utArU ho jAe to pITha dikhAne kI apekSA yuddha hI karanA

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana cAhie | yoddhAoM ko paraspara samAna zastra evaM vAhana kA prayoga karanA cAhie / yuddha- samApti para mRta vyaktiyoM kA antima saMskAra evaM ghAyaloM kA upacAra bhI karanA chie| yathA mitho'tra sammelanakaM samarjannasmai jano vAjinamutsasarja / aho punaH pratyupakartumeva mudA dadau vAraNameSa devaH / / 65 / / -jayo.sarga.8 / 1 257 jayodaya mahAkAvya meM yuddha ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki jayakumAra ke Upara kisI ne vANa pheMkA to jayakumAra ne bIca meM hI usakA nivAraNa kara liyaa| eka vIra ne dUsare vIra ko jamIna para girA diyaa| vaha girA huA manuSya eka dama sAhasa kara uThA aura usane dUsarA paira pakar3a kara use AkAza meM uchAla diyaa| spaSTa hai ki kavi aisI rAjanaitika vyavasthA cAhatA hai, jisameM prajA kI khuzahAlI evaM adhInastha rAjAoM para madhura niyantraNa raha sake / daNDa vyavasthA vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM kavi ne eka sthAna para rAjA siddhArtha kI daNDa-vyavasthA kA ullekha kiyA hai / rAjA siddhArtha ke samaya daNDa-vyavasthA itanI kaThora thI ki yadi rAjA kisI para krodhita ho jAe to usako daNDa se bacAne meM koI samartha nahIM thA / isalie zatru Adi svayaM rAjA kA Azraya lete the / bhujaMgato'muSya na mantriNo'pi aseH kadAcidyadi so'stu kopI / trAtuM kSamA ityarayo'nuyAnti tadaMghricancannakhacandrakAntim / / 10 / / - vIro.sarga.3 / hai / bha. mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM bhI (16 / 19) rAjA ke karttavyoM meM daNDa - vyavasthA kA ullekha hai 'nRpaH san pradadyAnna duSTAya daNDaM kSatiH syAnmuneretadevaimya maNDam / / 19 / / ' rAjA hokara bhI yadi duSToM ko daNDa na de to yaha usakA akRtya

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258 258 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana artha vyavasthA kisI bhI rAjya kI artha-vyavasthA kA jJAna usa rAjya ke bAjAroM kI samRddhi, pazupAlana vyavasthA tathA utpAdana kSamatA ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki rAjAoM kA bala rAjakoSa hotA hai jisake binA rAjya kI samRddhi saMbhava nahIM hai| vIrodaya meM bhI tatkAlIna arthavyavasthA kA koI vizada paricaya to nahIM milatA, kintu itanA patA avazya calatA hai ki tatkAlIna arthavyavasthA atyanta sudRr3ha thii| bha. RSabhadeva ne jo SaTkarmoM kI zikSA apane kAla meM dI thI, vaha isa kAla taka na kevala atyanta vistAra ko balki atyanta gahanatA ko bhI prApta ho cukI thii| vIrodaya kI artha vyavasthA ke bindu isaprakAra haiM - 1. bAjAra vIrodaya (sarga-2) meM varNita bAjAroM kI samRddhi kA jJAna isa bAta se hotA hai ki vahA~ nagara ke bAjAroM meM dukAna ke bAhara paga-paga para lagAye gae stUpAkAra ratnoM ke Dhera lakSmI ke kIr3A-parvatoM ke samAna suzobhita ho rahe the tathA bAjAroM ke madhya sthAna-sthAna para pyAU tathA phaladAra vRkSa lage the| kuNDanapura ke bAjAroM kI zobhA kI tulanA kavi ne uttama kAvya se kI hai| kAvya-rasoM ke samAna bAjAra bhI dhana-sampatti se yukta hai| kAvya ke padavinyAsa ke samAna hI bAjAra bhI saMkIrNatA rahita spaSTa cauDI-2 sar3akoM se yukta haiN| bhinna kAvyArtha ke samAna hI bAjAra bhI naye-naye anekoM padArthoM se bhare haiM tathA kAvyArtha ke chala rahita hone ke samAna hI bAjAra bhI niSkapaTa haiN| AcAryazrI ne niSkapaTa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| yahA~ isakA artha bahumUlya vastrAdi hotA hai, chala mAyA rahita bhI hotA hai| vaNikpathaH kAvyatulAmapIti zrImAnasaMkIrNapadapraNItiH / upaityanekArthagaNaiH surItiM samAdadhaniSkapaTapratItim / / 26 / / -viiro.srg.2|

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana 259 isase siddha hotA hai ki vahAM ke bAjAra, bahUmUlya padArthoM se bhare rahate the tathA vahA~ logoM ke mana meM kisI bhI prakAra kI beImAnI/chala nahIM thaa| kretA va vikretA ke madhya vizvAsa kI eka majabUta kar3I thii| AcAryazrI ne eka sthAna para tulA zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki vastue~ taula kara dI jAtI thIM, kintu unake sAdhana bAMTa kA patA nahIM cltaa| 2. mArga rAjyAntargata vibhinna nagaroM va grAmoM meM gamana hetu mArgoM kI vyavasthA bhI thI, una ke donoM ora chAyAdAra va phaladAra vRkSoM kI katAreM thIM jo grISmakAla meM sukhada chAyA ke sAtha-sAtha kSudhA kI bAdhA bhI dUra karate the| sthAna-sthAna para pyAU banAI gaI thI, jo pathikoM kI pyAsa bujhAtI thiiN| mArga ke donoM ora dhAnyAdi se bhare hare-bhare kheta dRSTigocara hote the| kahIM-kahIM vApikAe~ bhI thIM, jo na kevala khetoM kI siMcAI ke kAma AtI thI, apitu yAtriyoM ke snAnAdi ke lie bhI upayogI thiiN| sAMskRtika vyavasthA mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara kI prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke prati gahana AsthA hai| ve veda-vedAMgoM kI zikSA para vizvAsa karate haiN| parantu unhoMne karmakANDa meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kI kaThora nindA kI hai aura 'ajairyaSTavyam' kA ahiMsAparaka artha samajhAAne kA unhoMne prayAsa kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM isa veda-vAkya kA artha hai - "na ugane yogya purAnI dhAnya se yajJa karanA caahiye|" kavi kA purnajanma evaM karmaphala meM sudRr3ha vizvAsa hai| unake anusAra apane isa janma meM jo jaisA karatA hai, dUsare janma meM usako usI ke anusAra phala bhogane par3ate haiN| dhanakIrti ne pUrvajanma meM eka machalI ko jIvana dAna diyA thaa| ataH vartamAna janma meM vaha bAra-bAra mRtyu ke mukha se bacatA rhaa| zrIbhUti purohita ne vaizyaputra kA dhana har3apane kA prayatna - kiyaa| isalie vaha bAra-bAra kuyoniyoM meM janma le-lekara bhaTakatA rhaa|

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260 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zrI jJAnasAgara kI jinendradeva ke prati dRr3ha bhakti hai| unake saMskRta-bhASA meM likhe gaye pratyeka grantha kA zubhArambha hI jinadeva kI stuti se huA hai| unake kAvyoM ke nAyaka bha. jinendradeva ke bhakta haiN| isake atirikta pAtroM dvArA kiyA gayA jinadeva kA pUjana bhI kavi kI bhagavAna jinendra meM AsthA ko abhivyakta karatA hai| bhagavAna jinendra kI mUrtiyoM evaM jinAlayoM para kavi kI AsthA bhI spaSTa hai|" prAyaH sanAtana dharmAvalambI hinduoM kI bAlikAeM apane vivAha ke avasara para sarvaprathama gaurI pUjana ke lie jAtI haiM, parantu kavi ne aise aMvasara para jinapUjana kI preraNA dI hai| 'jayodaya' kI nAyikA sulocanA apane vivAha ke avasara para zrI jinadeva ke hI pUjana hetu jAtI hai| yathA - pUrvamatra jinapuMgavapUjAmAcacAra nRpnaath-tnuujaa| yatra bhUtrayapateratha bhaktiH saiva sambhavati satkRtapaktiH / / 63 / / -jyo.srg.5| __sulocanA ne pahale bhagavAna jinendradeva kI pUjA kI, kyoMki jahA~ bhI tribhuvanapati bhagavAnakI bhakti huA karatI hai, vahIM pUrNa rUpa se puNya kA paripAka hotA hai| ___maMtra-zakti para bhI kavi kA vizvAsa hai| 'Namo arihaMtANaM' isa maMtra ke bala se hI eka gvAle ne seTha ke putra ke rUpa meM janma liyA aura jina-bhakti ke phalasvarUpa mokSa bhI prApta kiyaa| gArUr3ika ne apanI mantra-zakti se hI rAjA siMhasena ko kATane vAle duSTa sarpa kI pahicAna kii|12 kavi ne indrANI, zrI hI Adi deviyoM, evaM indra, kubera ityAdi devagaNoM kI bhI sattA svIkAra kI hai| jisa prakAra sanAtana dharma vAle ina deva-deviyoM ko brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ke zAsana meM svIkAra karate haiM, usI prakAra kavi ne apanI paramparAnusAra ina deva-deviyoM ko jinendradeva kA sevaka batAyA hai| kavi ne mAnava-jAti ke atirikta eka aura jAti batAI hai - vyantara evaM vyntrii| kavi ke anusAra jaba koI vyakti pratizodha kI bhAvanA se AtmaghAta karatA hai taba usakA isI yoni meM janma hotA hai| isa

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261 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana yoni kA svabhAva pratipakSI ke sAtha durvyavahAra karane kA hI hotA hai| zrIjJAnasAgara kA jyotirvit evaM jyotiSa, donoM para hI vizvAsa hai / unake anusAra pratyeka zubhakArya ke lie devajJoM se athavA svayaM muhUrta jAna lenA caahie| 13 hindU - saMskRti ke solaha saMskAroM para unakI AsthA hai| unake anusAra nAmakaraNa, vidyArambha, vivAha Adi saMskAra ucita samaya para hI hone caahie| jayakumAra aura sulocanA ke vivAha ke avasara para vara ko vivAha maNDapa meM bulAnA, mantrocAraNa pUrvaka pANi- grahaNa karAnA, bArAta kA saharSa svAgata karanA aura harSamaya vidhAna sahita vara-vadhU ko vidA karanA Adi bAtoM kA varNana yaha batAtA hai ki kavi ko prAcInakAla se calI A rahI ina paramparAoM para pUrA vizvAsa hai / yathA nRpadhAmni sudAmni sundarapratisAraH khalu kAryavistaraH / zayasannayanocitoktibhRd racito'thAntamito'pi toSakRt / / 1 / / bandhubhirbahughA''dRtya mRdumaMgalamaNDapam | upanItaH punarbhavyo gurUsthAnamivAlibhiH / / 85 / / -jayo.sarga.10 / - svapna-darzana para bhI apanI pUrva - paramparA ke anusAra unheM atyadhika vizvAsa hai / tIrthaMkara kI mAtA janma se pUrva solaha svapna dekhatI hai aura antaH kevalI kI mAtA putra janma se pUrva pA~ca svapna dekhatI hai| mahAkavi kI AsthA hai ki ye svapna utpanna hone vAle putra kI vizeSatAoM kA spaSTa saMketa dete haiM / 1 zrI jJAnasAgara ne vyakti ke pUrvajanmoM ko bhI mAnA hai / unake pratyeka kAvya meM pAtroM ke pUrvajanmoM se sambandhita kathAe~ isakI puSTi karatI haiN| jJAnasAgara jI rAjA evaM munijanoM ko rASTra kA sammAnanIya vyakti mAnate haiN| rAjA jisa mArga se bhI nikale, prajA ko usakA svAgata karanA cAhie / tyAga kI sAkSAt pratimA muni to na kevala janasAmAnya ke hI, apitu rAjA ke bhI pUjya hote haiM / samudradattacarita meM AcAryazrI ne liga hai

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana raverivAtmaikakaverUdAra - bhUte'nubhUte sa mudo'dhikAraH / udyAna-sampAlakakukkuTenA'parAjitaH koka ivAgamena / / 34 / / -samudatta c.srg.6| bagIce ke rakSaka mAlI ne jaise hI rAjA ko sUcanA dI ki "Atmadh yAnI muni Apake bagIce meM birAje haiM" yaha sunakara aparAjita rAjA usI prakAra prasanna huA jaise murge kI AvAja se sUrya kA udaya jAnakara cakavA pakSI prasanna hotA hai| 262 - 1 vaha tyAgonmukha bhoga para hI vizvAsa karate haiM / hindU-saMskRti ke anusAra ve bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki putra ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke pazcAt purUSa ko tapasyA hetu tapovana meM calA jAnA cAhie / AcArya jJAnasAgara atithi-vatsala bhI haiN| somadatta kA pAlita pitA govinda gvAlA guNapAla ke viSaya meM binA jAne hI usakA atithi satkAra karatA hai aura somadatta ko bhI usakI sevA meM niyukta kara detA hai / kavi ne jala- -krIr3A, pataMga krIr3A evaM zataraMja - krIr3A ke sandarbha meM bhI apane jJAna kA paricaya diyA hai jo unakI manoraMjana - priyatA kA paricAyaka hai / kavi ke anusAra vivAha ke samaya kanyA ko sundara vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajAnA cAhie, vivAhAdi ke zubha avasaroM para maMgala-gItoM kA prabandha honA cAhie evaM dAna bhI denA cAhie / bhAratIya tyauhAroM para bhI zrIjJAnasAgara kI AsthA hai / isaliye unhoMne apane kAvyoM meM jhUlA jhUlane aura vasantotsava meM vanavihAra karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / kavi saMgIta - premI bhI haiM / bhAratIya paramparAnusAra unakA vizvAsa hai ki rAga evaM tAla meM nibaddha bhajanoM ke gAyana se devatA avazya hI bhakta kI pukAra suna lete haiN| ataH jahA~ kahIM bhI unake mana meM bhakti-bhAva jAgRta huA hai, vahA~ unhoMne saMgItamaya bhajana apane iSTa deva ko sunAye haiN| mahAkavi ke matAnusAra saMgIta hamAre manobhAvoM evaM antardvanda ke prastutIkaraNa meM paryApta sahAyaka hotA hai / isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne nItigata vyavasthA ke antargata rAjanaitika/

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263 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana daNDa/ Arthika evaM sAMskRtika vyavasthA kA bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se citraNa kiyA hai, jo kavi kI kuzalatA kA paricAyaka hai| samAja meM anuzAsana mAnavatA ke bhavya-bhavana kA nirmANa anuzAsana dvArA hI saMbhava hai| vastutaH jahA~ anuzAsana hai, vahIM ahiMsA hai aura jahA~ anuzAsana-hInatA hai vahA~ hiMsA hai| pAravArika aura sAmAjika jIvana kA vinAza hiMsA dvArA hotA hai| yadi dharma se manuSya ke hRdaya kI krUratA dUra ho jAye aura ahiMsA se usakA antaHkaraNa nirmala ho jAye to jIvana meM sahiSNutA kI sAdhanA sarala ho jAtI hai| vAstava meM anuzAsita jIvana hI samAja ke lie upayogI hai| jisa samAja meM anuzAsana kA abhAva rahatA hai, vaha samAja kabhI bhI vikasita nahIM ho paataa| anuzAsita parivAra hI samAja ko gatizIla banAtA, protsAhita karatA aura Adarza kI pratiSThA karatA hai| saMgharSoM kA mUla kAraNa ucchRkhalatA yA uddaNDatA hai| jaba taka jIvana meM uddaNDatA Adi durguNa raheMge, taba taka sugaThita samAja kA nirmANa sambhava nahIM hai| samAja aura parivAra kI pramukha samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI anuzAsana dvArA hI sambhava hai| Aja zAsana aura zAsita sabhI kA vyavahAra unmukta yA uckhalita ho rahA hai| ataH aticArI aura aniyantrita pravRttiyoM ko anuzAsita karanA Aja Avazyaka hai| __anuzAsana kA sAmAnya artha hai katipaya niyamoM siddhAntoM Adi kA paripAlana karanA, kisI bhI sthiti meM unakA ullaMghana na krnaa| jo vyakti, parivAra aura samAja ke dvArA pUrNataH Acarita hotA hai, anuzAsana kahA jAtA hai| jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM suvyavasthA kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai| isake binA mAnava-samAja vighaTita ho jAyegA aura usakI koI bhI vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| jo vyakti svecchA se anuzAsana kA nirvAha karatA hai, vaha parivAra aura samAja ke lie eka Adarza upasthita karatA hai| jIvana ke vizAla bhavana kI nIMva anuzAsana para hI avalambita hotI hai|

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264 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pArasparika dveSabhAva, guTabandI, vargabheda, jAtibheda Adi anuzAsanahInatA ko bar3hAvA dete haiM aura sAmAjika saMgaThana ko zithila banAte haiN| ataH sahaja aura svAbhAvika karttavya ke antargata anuzAsana ko pramukha sthAna prApta hai| anuzAsana jIvana ko kalApUrNa, zAnta aura gatizIla banAtA hai| isase parivAra aura samAja kI avyavasthAe~ dUra hotI haiN| ahiMsA, karUNA, samarpaNa, sevA-prema, sahiSNutA Adi ke dvArA hI pArivArika cetanA kA samyak vikAsa hotA hai| janma lete hI manuSya pArivArika evaM sAmAjika karttavyoM/uttaradAyitvoM se ba~dha jAtA hai| prANI mAtra eka dUsare se upakRta hotA hai| jaba hama kisI kA upakAra svIkAra karate haiM, to use cukAne kA dAyitva bhI hamAre Upara hI rahatA hai| yaha AdAna-pradAna kI sahajavRtti hI manuSyatA, pArivArikatA aura sAmAjikatA kA mUla kendra hai| usake sabhI kartavyoM evaM dharmAcaraNoM kA AdhAra bhI hai| rAga aura moha AtmA ke lie tyAjya haiM, para parivAra aura samAja saMcAlana ke lie inakI upayogitA hai| jIvana sarvathA palAyanavAdI nahIM hai| jo karmaTha banakara zrAvakAcAra kA anuSThAna karanA cAhatA hai, use ahiMsA, satya, karUNA, sevA-samarpaNa Adi ke dvArA parivAra aura samAja ko dRr3ha karanA caahie| dRr3hIkaraNa kI yaha kriyA hI dAyitvoM yA karttavyoM kI zrRMkhalA hai| AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM rAjA siddhArtha kA varNana karate huye likhA hai ki usa rAjA ke rAjya meM prajA pUrNa sukhI va anuzAsita thii| yathA - raverdazA''zAparipUrakasya karaiH sahasrairmahimA kimasya / samakSamekena kareNa cAzAsahasramApUrayataH samAsAt / / 3 / / -viiro.srg.3| apane sahasra karoM (kiraNoM) se dazoM dizAoM ko paripUrNa karane vAle sUrya kI mahimA isa siddhArtha rAjA ke samakSa kyA hai ? jo ki eka hI kara (hAtha) se sahasroM janoM kI sahasroM AzAoM ko eka sAtha paripUrNa kara detA hai|

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265 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana sAmAjika rIti-rivAja samAja ke vibhinna Adarza aura niyantraNa janarItiyoM, prathAoM aura rUr3hiyoM ke rUpa meM pAye jAte haiN| ataH niyantraNa meM vyavasthA sthApita karane evaM pArasparika nirbhayatA banAye rakhane hetu yaha Avazyaka hai ki unako eka vizeSa kArya ke AdhAra para saMgaThita kiyA jaaye| sAmAjika virAsata meM sthApita sAmUhika vyavahAroM kA eka jaTila tathA ghaniSTha saMghaThana hai| sAmUhika hitoM kI rakSArtha evaM AdarzoM ke pAlanArtha manuSya sAmAjika saMsthAoM ko janma detA hai| inakA mUla AdhAra nizcita AcAra, vyavahAra aura samAna hita-sampAdana hai| manuSya kI sAmAjika kriyAoM, sAmUhida, hitoM, AdarzoM evaM eka hI prakAra ke rIti-rivAjoM para avalambita samAja manuSyoM ko sAmUhika rUpa se apanI saMskRti ke anurUpa vyavahAra karane ke lie bAdhya kara detA hai| ___nara-nArI, brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra sabhI manuSya haiM aura sabakI apanI-apanI upayogitA hai| jo inameM bheda-bhAva utpanna karate haiM, ve sAmAjika siddhAntoM ke pratirodhI haiN| ataH samAja meM zAnti suvyavasthA tathA sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM ko sthApita karane ke lie mAnavamAtra ko samAnatA kA adhikAra prApta honA caahie| vIrodaya meM samAnatA va samatA kA mahattva samAnatA va samatA ke viSaya meM vIrodaya meM kahA hai ki isa bhUtala para janma lene vAlA prANI cAhe mUrkha ho yA vidvAna, rAjA ho yA dAsa, gaja ho yA aja, (bakarA) sabhI kA isa pRthvI para utanA hI adhikAra hai, jitanA aapkaa| manuSya ko cAhie ki vaha vipatti ke Ane para hAya-hAya na kare, nyAyocita mArga se kabhI cyuta na hove aura sadA prasanna rahakara apanA kartavya pAlana kre| ajJo'pi vijJo nRpatizca dUtaH gajo'pyajo vA jagati prasUtaH / asyAM dharAyAM bhavato'dhikArastAvAn parasyApi bhvennRsaar|| 1 / /

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266 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana naro na rautIti vipannipAte notsekametyabhyudaye'pi jaate| nyAyyAtpatho naivamathAvasannaH karttavyamaJcetsatataM prasannaH / / 10 / / -viiro.srg.17| mantra aura andhavizvAsa andhavizvAsa prAcIna bhArata ke sAmAjika jIvana meM mahattvapUrNa rahe haiN| kitane hI maMtra, mohanI vidyA, jAdU Adi kA ullekha jainasUtroM meM AtA hai, jinake prayoga se rogI caMge ho jAte, bhUta-preta bhAga jAte, zatru hathiyAra DAla dete, premI aura premikA eka dUsare kI ora AkarSita hote, striyoM kA bhAgya udaya ho jAtA, yuddha meM vijaya lakSmI prApta hotI aura gupta-dhana mila jAtA hai| jainAgamoM ke antargata caturdaza pUNe meM vidyAnuvAda pUrva meM vividha maMtra aura vidyAoM kA varNana hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu eka mahAn naimittika the, jo maMtra-vidyA meM kuzala the| unhoMne "upasarga-hara-strota" racakara saMgha ke pAsa bhejA thA, jisase ki vyaMtaradevoM kA upadrava zAnta ho ske| jaina zramaNoM kI RddhiyA~ evaM vidyAe~ jainazramaNoM kI Rddhi-seddhiyoM ke ullekha jaina-sUtroM meM milate. haiN| koSThabuddhi kA dhAraka zramaNa eka bAra sUtra kA artha jAna lene para use nahIM bhUlatA thaa| jaMghA-cAraNa muni apane tapobala se AkAza meM gamana kara sakate the aura vidyAcaraNa muni apanI vidyA ke bala se dUra-dUra taka jA sakate the| vidyA, maMtra aura yoga ko tIna atizayoM meM ginA gayA hai| tapa Adi sAdhanoM se siddha hone vAlI ko vidyA aura paThana mAtra se siddha hone vAle ko maMtra kahA hai| jainasUtroM meM ullekha hai ki Aryavajra pAdopalepa dvArA gamana karate the aura paryuSaNa-parva ke avasara para puSpa lAne ke lie ve purIya se mAhezvarI gaye the| vidyA-prayoga aura maMtra-cUrNa ke atirikta loga hRdaya ko AkarSita karake tathA saMgopana, AkarSaNa, vazIkaraNa aura abhiyoga dvArA bhI jAdU-mantara kA prayoga karate the|" aneka vidyAoM ke nAma jainasUtroM meM Ate haiN| oNAmaNI (avagAmanI)

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana vidyA ke prabhAva se vRkSa Adi kI DAleM jhuka jAtI thIM aura uSNAmiNI (unnAminI) ke prabhAva se ve svayameva Upara calI jAtI thIM / mukhya vidyAoM meM gaurI, gAMdhArI, rohiNI aura prajJapti ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM | 18 vIrodaya meM vidyAe~ rAjA siddhArtha aura priyakAriNI kI vidyAoM ke viSaya meM vIrodaya meM kahA hai - 267 ekA'sya vidyA zravasozca tattvaM samprApya lebhe'tha caturdazatvam / zaktistathA nIticatuSkasAramupAgatA'ho navatAM babhAra / / 14 / / - vIro.sarga. 3 / rAjA siddhArtha ne eka vidyA hI gurU- mukha se sunI thI, kintu inakI pratibhA se vaha caudaha vidyA rUpa meM isI prakAra rAnI kI vidyA vizada rUpa adhIti (adhyayana) bodha (jJAna - prApti) AcaraNa (tadanukUla pravRtti) aura pracAra ke dvArA caturdazatva ko prApta huI / vIrodaya meM gaNadhara zubhAzubha zakuna prAcIna jainasAhitya meM gaNadharoM kA bar3A mahattva batalAyA gayA hai| pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke gaNadhara hote the / bha. mahAvIra ke pramukha gaNadhara gautama the / inake atirikta agnibhUti, vAyubhUti Adi daza gaNadhara aura the| jaise pArasa - pASANa ke yoga se lohA zIghra sonA bana jAtA hai, pAre ke yoga se dhAtu zIghra roga - nAzaka rasAyana bana jAtI hai usI prakAra bhagavAna vIra prabhu ke divya upadeza se zrIgautama indrabhUti Adi kA citta pApa se rahita nirdoSa ho gayA thA / yathA javAdayaH svarNamivopalena zrIgautamasyAntarabhUdanenaH / anena vIraprativedanena raso'gadaH sAgiva pAradena / / 44 / / - vIro. sarga. 1 .141 - donoM kAnoM dvArA pariNata ho gaI / jainasUtroM meM aneka zubha - azubha zakunoM kA ullekha milatA hai|

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268 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jagaha-jagaha snAna, balikarma, kautuka, maMgala, prAyazcita kA ullekha hai| jaba loga kisI mandira, sAdhu-sanyAsI, rAjA yA mahAna purUSoM ke darzanoM ke lie jAte the, to snAna karake, gRha-devatAoM kI bali dete, tilaka Adi lagAte, sarasoM, dahI, akSata aura dUrvA grahaNa karate aura prAyazcita (pAyacchita, athavA pAdacchuta - netra roga dUra karane ke lie pairoM meM tela lagAnA) karate the| vIrodaya meM zubhAzubha zakuna rAnI priyakAriNI dvArA rAtri ke antima prahara meM solaha svapnoM kI sundara paramparA dekhe jAne para rAjA siddhArtha ne zubhAzubha zakunoM kA pratiphala batAte hue kahA ki - he praphullita kamalanayane! tInoM lokoM kA advitIya tilaka tIrthakara hone vAlA bAlaka tumhAre garbha meM avatarita huA hai- aisA saMketa yaha svapnAvalI de rahI hai| lokatrayaikatilako bAlaka utphullanalinanayane'dya / udare tavAvatarito hIMgitamiti santanotIdam / / 40 / / -vIro.sarga.41 vezabhUSA ___ bhAratIya sAhitya meM vastroM ke aneka ullekha milate haiM, kintu vIrodaya ke ullekhoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unake kaI eka vastroM kI sahI pahacAna pahale pahala hotI hai| ina vastroM ko tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. sAmAnya vstr| 2. pozAkeM yA pahanane ke vstr| 3. gRhopayogI vstr| 1. sAmAnya vastra sAmAnya vastroM meM neta, cIna, cibhapaTI, paTola aura rallikA kA ullekha eka sAtha huA hai| DaoN. vasudeva zaraNa agravAla ne "harSacarita eka

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana 269 sAMskRtika adhyayana" tathA jAyasI ke "padamAvata' meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| neta eka prakAra kA mahIna rezamI vastra thaa| yaha kaI raMgoM kA hotA thaa| thAnoM meM se kA~Takara isase taraha-taraha ke vastra banAye jAte the| padmAvata ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki solahavIM zatI taka netra kA pracAra thaa| jAyasI ne tIna bAra netra athavA neta kA ullekha kiyA hai| ratanasena ke zayanagAra meM agara candana potakara neta ke parade lagAye jAte the| opari jUDi tahA~ sovanArA, agara poti sukha neta ohaaraa| citrapaTI - DaoN. agravAla ne likhA hai ki citrapaTI yA citrapaTa ve jAmadAnI vastra hote haiM, jinameM bunAvaTa meM hI phUla-pattiyA~ DAla dI jAtI thiiN| baMgAla ina vastroM ke lie sadA prasiddha rahA hai| dukUla - somadeva ne dukUla kA kaI bAra ullekha kiyA hai| zakra ne mahAvIra ko jo haMsa dukUla kA jor3A pahanAyA thA vaha itanA patalA thA ki havA kA mAmUlI jhaTakA use ur3A le jA sakatA thaa| usa bunAvaTa kI tArIpha kArIgara bhI karate the| 2. pozAkeM yA pahanane ke vastra - pozAka yA pahanane ke vastroM meM kaMcuka, vAravANa tathA colaka kA ullekha hai| kaMcuka - eka prakAra kA koTa thaa| khetoM meM jAtI huI kRSaka vadhue~ kaMcuka pahanatI thiiN| colaka - colaka bhI eka prakAra kA koTa thA, jo kaMcuka yA anya saba prakAra ke vastroM ke Upara pahanA jAtA thaa| yaha eka saMbhrAnta aura Adara sUcaka vastra samajhA jAtA thaa| uttara-pazcima bhArata meM sarvatra nauze ke lie isa veza kA rivAja abhI bhI hai, jise colA kahate haiN| colA DhIlA-DhAlA gulphoM taka lambA khule gale kA pahanAvA hai, jo saba vastroM ke Upara pahanA jAtA hai| kaupIna - kaupIna eka choTA khaMDavastra thA, jisakA upayoga sAdhu pahanane meM karate the|

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270 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana uttarIya - or3hane vAle cAdara ko uttarIya kahA jAtA thaa| amarakoza meM uttarIya ko or3hane vAle vastroM meM ginAyA hai| paridhAna - amarakozakAra ne nIce pahanane vAle vastroM meM paridhAna kI gaNanA kI hai| 'antarIyopasaMvyAna pridhaanaanydhoNshuke| bundelakhaNDa meM abhI bhI dhotI ko pardanI yA paradaniyA kahA jAtA hai, jo isI paridhAna zabda kA bigar3A huA rUpa hai| upadhAna - somadeva ne takie ke lie upadhAna zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| yaha saMskRta kA atyanta pracalita zabda hai| amRtamatI ke antaHpura meM palaMga ke donoM ora do takie rakhe the, jisase donoM kinAre U~ce ho gaye the| 'upadhAnadvayottambhitapUrvAparabhAgam / vitAna - vIrodaya meM vitAna zabda Aye haiN| AcAryazrI ne likhA hai ki nagara meM gaganacumbI zikharoM para lage suvarNa-kalazoM kI kAnti se sUrya-candramA bhI lajjA kA anubhava kara rahe the| vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM kavi ne deviyoM dvArA mAtA ke zrRMgAra varNana meM dhuMgharAle vAle kA jUr3A banAne, puSpahAra pahanAne, bAhubandha bA~dhane, kaMgana bA~dhane Adi kA to varNana kiyA hai, parantu vastroM ke viSaya meM mAtra mAtA ko uttama vastra pradAna kiye-aisA hI varNana kiyA haiN| rahana-sahana paddhati AdipurANa ke anusAra prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne samAja-vyavasthA kI AdhArazilA rkhii| jo loga zArIrika dRSTi se sudRr3ha aura zakti sampanna the, unheM prajA kI rakSA, santoM ke pAlana evaM duSToM ke nigraha kArya meM niyukta kara 'kSatriya' kI saMjJA dii| jo kRSi, pazupAlana va vastuoM ke kraya-vikraya (vANijya kalA) meM nipuNa the, unheM "vaizya-varNa" kI saMjJA dii| jinameM ye donoM kalAyeM nahIM thI, jinhoMne ina donoM vargoM kI sevA kI abhirUci prakaTa kI, unheM "zUdra" kI saMjJA dii| isa prakAra guNa karma ke anusAra varNa-vibhAjana huaa|

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271 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana AcAryazrI ne isa mahAkAvya meM vardhamAna ke janma se pUrva samAja ke rahana-sahana kA citraNa kiyA hai| usa samaya kI sAmAjika sthiti atyanta dayanIya thii| sAre samAja meM brAhmaNa ko zreSTha samajhA jAtA thaa| zUdra kI sthiti burI thii| ucca va nimna kA bheda-bhAva saba ora vyApta thaa| varNa vyavasthA karma ke AdhAra para na hokara janma para AdhArita thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samAja ko suvyavyavasthA hetu gRhasthoM tathA brAhmaNoM ke lie kucha niyama/lakSaNa nirdhArita kiye| jaise- brAhmaNa ko satya, ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya va aparigraha kA pAlana karanA caahie| tapazcaraNa indriya-saMyama Adi meM unakI pravRtti ho| chala-prapaMca se sadA dUra raheM, zAnti, saMyama, zuddhatA kI adhikatA ho, prANI-mAtra ke lie mana meM dayA ho| Atmacintana meM lage rahakara paranindA se dUra rheN| niSpRhI, mana, vacana, kAya se zuddha advaita-bhAva ko prApta, rAtribhojana kA tyAgI, eka samaya kA bhojI, nirjantuka jala ko pIne vAlA purUSa hI brAhmaNa haiN|20 vIrodaya meM brAhmaNa AcAryazrI ne likhA hai ki jo AtmA kA cintana kare, asatyasaMbhASaNa na kare, para-nindA meM mauna rahe, triyoga se jisane Atmazuddhi pA lI ho, jo advaitabhAva ko prApta ho gayA ho antaraMga meM prabhu bhakti rakhatA ho, vahI saccA brAhmaNa hai| ve kumArakAla meM gurU ke samIpa vidyArjana kara yuvAvasthA meM vivAha kara sukhapUrvaka jIvana bitaayeN| sabhI ke sAtha snehamaya vyavahAra kreN| para strI ko mAtA, bahina, putrI samajheM / parAye dhana se dUra raheM, abhakSya padArthoM kA sevana na kreN| dUsaroM ke doSoM para dhyAna nahIM deveN| sadA''tmanazcintanameva vastu na jAtvasatyasmaraNaM smstu| parApavAdAdiSu kabhAvaH syAd brAhmaNasyaiSa kila svabhAvaH / / 38 / / manovacoM'gaiH prakRtAtmazuddhiH paratra kutrAbhirUcerna buddhiH / itthaM kilAmaithunatAmupetaH sa brAhmaNo brahmavidAzrame'taH / / 41 / / -viiro.srg.14|

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272 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sandarbha - 1. vIrodaya prathama sarga zloka 6 pR. 1-31 2. vIrodaya aSTam sarga zloka 23, 28, 45 pR. 82-86 | 3. vIrodaya paMcama sarga zloka, 7 pR. 5 / 4. AdipurANa, zloka 21 5. varAMgacarita 21/9/111 6. padpapurANa, parva 3, zloka 255-58 | 7. harivaMzapurANa, sarga 9, zloka 33-40, sarga 11 zloka, 103-107 | 8. mahApurANa-parva 16, zloka 343-346 Rgveda, purUSasUkta 10, 90, 12 mahAbhArata aE yAya, 296 zloka 5-6 pUnA 1932 ii.| 9. vIrodaya mahAkAvya aSTAdaza sarga zloka 13-141 10. zrI samudadattacarita, 4/41 11. vIrodaya mahAkAvya dvitIya sarga zloka, 33-36 | 12. zrI samudadatta carita caturtha sarga, zloka, 12-14 | 13. vIrodaya mahAkAvya paMcama evaM saptama srg| 14. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA pR. 598-6001 15. samavAyAMga TIkA a. 14, pR. 25 / 16. gacchAcAra vRtti pR. 93-96 | 17. vipAkasUtra 2 pR. 19 / 18. kalpasUtra TIkA, 7 pR. 203 | 19. padmAvata, 336/51 20. vIrodaya mahAkAvya caturdaza sarga zloka 35-43 |

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana 273 pariccheda - 2 dhArmika anuSThAna evaM zikSA vrata jo maryAdAyeM sArvabhauma haiM, jIvana ko sundara banAne vAlI aura Aloka kI ora le jAne vAlI haiM, ve maryAdAyeM niyama yA vrata kahalAtI haiN| sevanIya viSayoM kA saMkalpapUrvaka yama yA niyama rUpa se tyAga karanA, hiMsA Adi nindya kAryoM kA chor3anA athavA pAtradAna Adi prazasta kAryoM meM pravRtta honA vrata hai|' jaise satata pravAhita saritA ke pravAha ke niyaMtraNa ke liye do taToM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra jIvana ko niyaMtrita/maryAdita banAye rakhane ke liye vratoM kI AvazyakatA hai| jaise taToM ke abhAva meM nadI-pravAha chinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra vrata-vihIna manuSyoM kI jIvana-zakti bhI chinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai| ataeva jIvana-zakti ko kendrita aura yogya dizA meM hI upayoga karane ke lie vratoM kI AvazyakatA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne likhA hai ki hiMsA, anRta, asteya, abrahma tathA parigraha se virati vrata hai| dezavrata aura sarvavrata kI dRSTi se vrata ke aNuvrata aura mahAvrata ye do bheda pUjyapAda devanandI ne likhA hai ki pratijJA karate samaya jo niyama liyA jAtA hai, vaha vrata hai| athavA "yaha karane yogya hai, yaha karane yogya nahIM hai"- aisA niyama karanA vrata hai| vrata kI yaha paribhASA sUtrakAra ko pUrva paramparA se prApta thI aura sUtrakAra ke bAda bhI yaha calatI rhii| paramAtmaprakAzakAra sarva-nivRtti ke pariNAma ko vrata kahate haiN| somadeva ne sevanIya vastu ko irAdApUrvaka tyAga karane ko vrata kahA hai| athavA acche kAryoM meM pravRtti aura bure kAryoM se nivRtti ko vrata kahate haiN|

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274 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - "saMkalpapUrvakaH sevye niyamo vratamucyate / pravRtti vinivRttI vA sadasatkarma saMbhate / / " - upA. zlo. 3161 paM. AzAdhara ne isa paribhASA ko aura adhika vistAra dete hue likhA hai ki kinhIM padArthoM ke sevana kA athavA hiMsAdi azubha karmoM kA niyata yA aniyata kAla ke lie saMkalpapUrvaka tyAga karanA vrata hai / athavA pAtradAna Adi zubha karmoM meM saMkalpapUrvaka pravRtti karanA vrata hai| vIrodaya meM vrata kA varNana - nimna udAharaNa dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai kSullikAtvamagAdyatra devakI dhIvarIcare / pAmaro munitAM janmanyaudArya vIkSyatAM ca re / / 36 / / -vIro. sarga. 17 / zrIkRSNa kI mAtA devakI ne apane pUrva janma meM dhIvarI ke bhava meM kSullikA ke vrata dhAraNa kiye aura padmapurANa meM varNita agnibhUti, vAyubhUmi kI pUrvabhava kI kathA meM eka dIna pAmara kisAna ne bhI munidIkSA grahaNa kara vrata dhAraNa kiye theN| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne pA~ca aNuvratoM ke vivecana ke bAda likhA hai ki jo zalyarahita hotA hai, vaha vratI hai / usa vratI ke do bheda haiN| 1. agArI, 2. anagAraH / aNuvratoM ko pAlana karane vAlA agArI kahalAtA hai' / sUtrakAra ne agArI ko digdezAdi sAta zIlavratoM se bhI sampanna batAyA hai" aura mAraNAntika sallekhanA kA vidhAna kiyA hai / " 'digdezAnarthadaNDaviratisAmAyika- proSopavAsopabhoga - paribhogaparimANAtithisaMvibhAga - vrata - sampannazca' | " mAraNAntikIM sallekhanAM joSitA" somadeva ne bAraha vratoM ko zrAvaka ke uttaraguNa kahA hai aNuvratAni paMcAni triprakAraM guNavratam / zikSAvratAni catvAri guNAH syurdvAdazottare / /

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275 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana bAraha vratoM meM sarvaprathama aNuvrata Ate haiN| aNu kA artha hai choTA yA svalpa / tattvArtha-sUtrakAra ne dezavrata ko aNuvrata aura sarvavrata ko mahAvrata kahA hai - "deshsrvto'nnumhtii|" ta. sU. 71 21 gRhastha vratoM kA pUrNa rUpa se pAlana nahIM kara pAtA, isalie usa vrata ko eka deza yA alpAMza meM pAlana karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vratoM kA eka deza pAlane ke kAraNa gRhastha ko dezavratI kahate haiN| aNuvratoM ko aNurUpa meM pAlana karane ke kAraNa aNuvratI kahA jAtA hai| vIrodaya meM zrAvakoM ke vrata AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya meM zrAvakoM ke vrata meM pradyumnacarita kA udAharaNa dete hue likhA hai ki - he saMsArI prANI kuttI aura cANDAla ne munirAja se zrAvakoM ke bAraha vratoM ko dhAraNa kiyA aura bhalI-bhA~ti unakA pAlana kara sadgati prApta kii| pradyumnavRtte gaditaM bhavinnaH zunI ca cANDAla uvAha kinna / aNvAdikadvAdazasavratAni upAsakoktAni zubhAni taani|| 32 / / -vIro. sarga. 171 upavAsa upavAsa kA artha hai upa arthAt samIpa vAsa yAnI nivAsa / apane pariNAma kA Atmasanmukha rahanA hI upavAsa hai| kucha loga mAtra bhojana-pAna ke tyAga ko hI upavAsa mAnate haiM, jaba ki upavAsa to AtmasvarUpa ke samIpa Thaharane kA nAma hai| nAsti se pa~cendriyoM ke viSaya, kaSAya aura AhAra ke tyAga ko upavAsa kahA hai, zeSa to saba laMghana hai| kaSAya-viSayAhAro tyAgo yatra vidhiiyte| upavAsaH sa vijJeyaH zeSaM laMghanakaM viduH|| niSkarSa yahI hai ki kaSAya, viSaya aura AhAra ke tyAga pUrvaka AtmasvarUpa ke samIpa ThaharanA jJAna-dhyAna meM lIna rahanA hI vAstavika upavAsa hai|

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276 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prathama tIrthakara munirAja RSabhadeva dIkSA lete hI eka varSa, eka mAha aura ATha dina taka nirAhAra rahe, phira bhI hajAra varSa taka kevalajJAna nahIM huaa| bharata cakravartI ko dIkSA lene ke bAda AtmadhyAna ke bala se eka antarmuhUrta meM hI kevalajJAna ho gayA thaa| tapa ke do bheda haiM - 1. antaraMga, 2. bahiraMga tapa / bahiraMga tapa chaha prakAra kA hotA hai| 1. anazana, 2. avamaudarya, 3. vRttiparisaMkhyAna, 4. rasa-parityAga, 5. viviktazayyAsana, 6. kaay-klesh| anazana se avamaudarya, avamaudarya se vRtti-parisaMkhyAna, vRttiparisaMkhyAna se rasa-parityAga adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| anazana meM bhojana kA pUrNataH tyAga hotA hai, para avamaudarya meM eka bAra bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, bharapeTa nahIM, isa kAraNa use Unodara bhI kahate haiN| bhojana ko jAte samaya aneka prakAra kI aTapaTI pratijJAyeM le lenA, usakI pUrti para hI bhojana karanA, anyathA upavAsa karanA vRtti-parisaMkhyAna hai| SaTarasoM meM koI eka-do yA chahoM hI rasoM kA tyAga karanA, nIrasa bhojana lenA rasa-parityAga hai| nirdoSa ekAnta sthAna meM pramAda rahita sone-baiThane kI vRtti viviktazayyAsana tathA Atma-sAdhanA evaM AtmArAdhanA meM hone vAle zArIrika kaSToM kI paravAha nahIM karanA kAyakleza tapa hai| icchAoM kA nirodha hokara vItarAgabhAva kI vRddhi honA upavAsa kA mUla prayojana hai| vIrodaya meM tapoM kA varNana vIra bhagavAna Atma-patha kA Azraya lekara eka mAsa, cAra mAsa aura chaha mAsa taka bhojana ke binA hI prasanna-cita rahakara kAla ko vyatIta kara rahe the - mAsaM caturmAsamathAyanaM vA vinA'danenA''tmapathAvalambAt / prasannabhAvena kilaikatAnaH svasminnabhUdeSa sudhaanidhaanH|| 37 || gatvA pRthaktvasya vitarkamArAdekatvamAsAdya gunnaadhikaaraat| nirasya ghAtiprakRtIraghAtivartI vybhaachiisukRtaiktaatiH|| 38 / / -vIro.sarga.121

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana 277 ve bha. mahAvIra ugratapazcaraNa dvArA kSapaka-zreNI mADakara AThaveM guNasthAna meM prathaktva-vitarka zukladhyAna ko prApta kara ghAtiyA karmoM kI sarva prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karake, agha se pare hote hue antaraMga bahiraMga lakSmI kI saubhAgya paramparA ko dhAraNa kara zobhita hue| zikSA va zikSaNa paddhati bhArata kI prAcIna zikSA-paddhati kA uddezya thA (1) caritra kA saMgaThana (2) vyaktitva kA nirmANa (3) prAcIna saMskRti kI rakSA (4) sAmAjika aura dhArmika kartavyoM ke sampAdanArtha udIyamAna pIr3hI kA prazikSaNa / 12 zikSA jainasUtroM meM tIna prakAra ke AcAryoM kA ullekha hai - kalAcArya, zilpAcArya aura dhrmaacaary| kalAcArya aura zilpAcArya ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki unakA upalepana aura samardana karanA caahie| unheM puSpa samarpita karane cAhie tathA snAna ke pazcAt unheM vastrAbhUSaNa se maMDita karanA cAhie aura bhojana Adi karAke jIvana-bhara ke lie prIti-dAna denA cAhie tathA putra-pautra calane vAlI AjIvikA kA prabandha karanA caahie| dharmAcArya ko dekhakara unakA sammAna karanA caahiye| yadi ve kisI durbhikSa vAle pradeza meM rahate hoM to unheM subhikSa deza meM le jAkara rakhanA caahie| kAMtAra meM se unakA uddhAra karanA cAhie tathA dIrghakAlIna roga se unheM mukta karane kI ceSTA karanI caahie| isake sAtha hI a yApakoM meM bhI zikSA dene kI pUrNa yogyatA honI caahie| jo prazna vidyArthiyoM dvArA pU~che jAyeM unakA bar3appana pradarzita kiye binA hI ucita uttara denA caahie| gurU ziSya sambandha - zikSA va zikSaNa-paddhati kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki adhyApaka aura vidyArthiyoM ke sambandha premapUrNa hote the| vidyArthI gurUoM va. prati atyanta zraddhA aura sammAna kA bhAva rakhate the| acchA ziSya gurU jI ke par3hAye viSaya ko dhyAnapUrvaka sunatA hai, prazna pUchatA hai, praznottara sunatA

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278 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai, usakA artha grahaNa karatA hai, usa para cintana karatA hai, usakI prAmANikatA kA nizcaya karatA hai, usake artha ko yAda rakhatA hai aura tadanusAra AcaraNa karatA hai|15 suyogya ziSya adhyApaka ke prati kabhI aziSTatA nahIM krtaa| kabhI mithyA bhASaNa nahIM krtaa| yadi use lage ki usakA AcArya kupita ho gayA hai to priya vacanoM se use prasanna karatA hai aura apane pramAda-pUrNa AcaraNa kI kSamA mA~gatA huA bhaviSya meM vaisA na karane kA vacana detA hai| vaha kabhI bhI AcArya ke barAbara meM, usake sAmane aura usake pIche nahIM baitthtaa| kabhI Asana yA zaiyyA para baiThakara prazna nahIM pU~chatA, balki Asana se uThakara pAsa meM Akara, hAtha jor3akara prazna pU~chatA hai| AcArya ke kaThora vacanoM ko sunakara krodha na karake zAnti pUrvaka vyavahAra karatA hai| jaise avinIta ghor3e ko calAne ke lie kor3A mArane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, vaise hI vidyArthI ko apane gurU se bAra-bAra karkaza vacana sunane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, balki jaise vinIta ghor3A kor3A dekhate hI daur3ane lagatA hai, vaise hI AcArya kA izArA pAkara suyogya vidyArthI satkArya meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai| vAstava meM vinIta vahI hai, jo apane guru kI AjJA kA pAlana karatA hai, usake samIpa rahatA hai aura usakA izArA pAte hI kAma meM laga jAtA hai, lekina avinIta vidyArthiyoM ko anuzAsana meM lAne ke lie adhyApaka unheM Thokara aura capata mArakara daNDa dekara Akroza-pUrNa vacana bhI kahate the| " avinIta ziSyoM kI tulanA galiyA bailoM se kI gayI hai, jo Age bar3hane se javAba de dete haiN| aise ziSyoM ko yadi kisI kArya ke lie bhejA jAye to ve icchAnusAra, paMkha nikale haMsa-zAvakoM kI bhA~ti, idhara-udhara ghUmate rahate haiN| unheM atyanta kutsita gardabha kI upamA dI gayI hai| AcArya aise ziSyoM se taMga Akara, unheM unake bhAgya para chor3akara vana meM tapa karane cale jAte the|" vIrodaya meM gurU-ziSya sambandha gurU-ziSya ke madhura sambandhoM kA varNana karate hue kAvyakAra ne

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279 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana likhA hai ki - kaumAramatrAdhigamayya kAlaM vidyAnuyogena gurorathAlam / mitho'nubhAvAtsahayoginIyA gRhasthatA syAdupayoginI yaa|| 32 / / -vIro.sarga.18 kumArakAla meM gurU ke samIpa rahakara vidyopArjana meM kAla vyatIta kre| vidyAbhyAsa karake yuvAvasthA meM yogya sahayoginI ke sAtha vivAha karake nyAya pUrvaka jIvikopArjana karate hue upayogI gRhastha avasthA ko premapUrvaka vyatIta kre| zikSaNapaddhati ___ chaha vedoM meM Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda, atharvaveda, itihAsa (purANa) aura nighaMTu kA ullekha hai| vedAMgoM meM saMkhyAna (gaNita), zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, chanda, nirUkta aura jyotiSa kA ullekha hai| upAMgoM meM vedAMgoM meM varNita viSaya aura SaSThitaMtra kA kathana hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI TIkA meM caturdaza vidyA-sthAnoM ko ginAyA gayA hai - chaha vedAMga, cAra veda, mImAMsA, nyAya, purANa aura dharma zAstra / jaina-AgamoM meM arvAcIna mAne jAne vAle anuyogadvAra aura nandisUtra meM laukika zruta kA ullekha hai :- bhArata, rAmAyaNa", bhImAsurUkaraNa, kauTilya | ghoTaka mukha (ghoDayamuha)2 sagadimahiAu, kappAsiu, NAgasuhuma, kanakasaptati' (kaNagasantarI), baizika (vesiya), vaizeSika (vaisesiya), buddhazAsana, kapila, lokAyata, SaSThitaMtra (sadvitaMta), mAThara, purANa, vyAkaraNa, nATaka bahattara kalAe~ aura aMgopAMga sahita cAra ved| jainasUtroM meM 72 kalAoM kA ullekha aneka sthAnoM para hai| lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM ki hara koI ina sabhI kalAoM meM niSNAta hotA thaa| ina kalAoM kA sampAdana karanA eka aisA uddezya thA jisakI pUrti zAyada hI kabhI ho sakatI ho| vidyA-kendra - prAcIna bhArata meM rAjadhAniyA~, tIrthasthAna aura maTha-maMdira zikSA ke kendra the| rAjA, mahArAjA tathA sAmanta loga vidyA-kendroM ke AzrayadAtA

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280 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hote the| samRddha rAjyoM kI rAjadhAniyoM meM dUra-dUra se vidvAna loga Akara basate the aura ye rAjadhAniyA~ vidyA-kendra bana jAtI thiiN| sAdhu aura sAhi vayoM ke upAzraya aura vasatisthAnoM meM bhI upAdhyAyoM ke dvArA paramparAgata zAstroM kI zikSA dene ke sAtha-sAtha zabda- zAstra, hetuzAstra, chaMdasUtra, darzana, zrRMgAra-kAvya aura nimitta-vidyA Adi sikhAye jAte the| zramaNa saMgha to calatI phiratI pAThazAlAyeM hI thiiN| vidyA ke vibhinna kSetroM meM zAstrArtha aura vAda-vivAdoM dvArA satya aura samyagjJAna ko Age bar3hAnA zramaNoM kI zaikSaNika aura sAMskRtika pravRttiyoM kI Azcaryajanaka vizeSatA thii| jIvamAtra para dayA mahAtmA buddha to dayA, karUNA kI sAkSAt pratimUrti the| bAlyAvasthA meM ghAyala haMsa ke liye rAjya ko tyAga denA bhI svIkArA thA, parantu ghAyala haMsa ko cacere bhAI devadatta ko denA svIkAra nahIM kiyA thaa| ve duHkhI prANiyoM ke duHkha ko darU karane ke liye samasta rAjya, vaibhava, atyanta sundarI nava vivAhitA strI tathA putra rAhula ko bhI tyAgakara satya kI khoja meM nikala par3e the| krUra azoka bhI unakI karUNA se prabhAvita hokara ahiMsaka paropakArI samrATa bana gayA thaa| vaiSNavadharma ke anusAra bhI avatArI purUSa, mahApurUSa, RSi, muni Adi ne sevAdharma ko svayaM apanAyA aura usakA pracAra-prasAra bhI kiyaa| jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie avatArI purUSoM kA dharatI para avataraNa hotA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ke priya bhajana kI paMkti 'vaiSNava jana to tene kahie, je pIra parAI jANe re|' hai| tulasIdAsa ne dayAdharma ko atyanta gahana kahA hai| vRkSa, nadI, parvata Adi kI pUjA meM unakI surakSA kI hI mUlabhAvanA nihita hai| vedoM meM "mAtRdevo bhava, pitRdevo bhava, AcAryadevo bhava" inheM Izvara kI pratimUrti samajhakara zraddhA-bhakti se inakI AjJApAlana, namaskAra, sevA-zuzrUSA aura vinayapUrNa vyavahAra se sadA prasanna rakhane kA nirdeza hai| yahI bhAratIya paramparA hai| AcArya somadevasUri ne upAkAdhyayana meM jIvadayA kA bar3A

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana guNagAna kiyA hai "akelI jIvadayA eka ora hai aura bAkI kI saba kriyAyeM dUsarI ora haiN| yAnI saba kriyAoM se jIvadayA zreSTha hai / anya saba kriyAoM kA phala khetI kI taraha hai aura jIvadayA kA phala cintAmaNi ratna kI taraha hai / " -- ekA jIvadayaikatra paratra sakalA kriyAH / paraM phalaM tu pUrvatra kRSezcintAmaNeriva / / 361 || vIrodaya meM dayA 281 jo dUsaroM ko mAratA hai, vaha svayaM dUsaroM ke dvArA mArA jAtA hai aura jo dUsaroM kI rakSA karatA hai, vaha jagata meM pUjya hotA hai| isaliye dUsaroM ke sAtha dayA kA hI vyavahAra karanA cAhiye | 26 sahiSNutA pArivArika dAyitvoM ke nirvAha ke lie sahiSNutA atyAvazyaka hai / parivAra meM rahakara vyakti sahiSNu na bane aura choTI-sI -choTI bAta ke lie utAvalA ho jAya to parivAra meM sukha-zAnti nahIM raha sakatI / sahiSNu vyakti zAntabhAva se parivAra ke anya sadasyoM kI bAtoM aura vyavahAroM ko sahana kara letA hai, phalataH parivAra meM sadA zAnti aura sukha-sampadA banI rahatI hai| jo parivAra meM sabhI prakAra kI samRddhi kA icchuka hai tathA samRddhi dvArA loka vyavahAra ko saphala rUpa meM saMcAlita karanA cAhatA hai, use sahiSNu honA Avazyaka hai| vikArI mana, zarIra aura indriyoM ke vaza hokara jo kAma karatA hai, usakI sahiSNutA kI zakti ghaTatI hai / abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa kI prApti sahanazIlatA dvArA hI sambhava hai| jo svayaM apanI burAIyoM kA avalokana kara unheM dUra karatA hai, vaha samAja meM zAnti sthApana kA bhI prayAsa karatA hai / sahiSNutA kA artha kRtrima bhAvukatA nahIM aura na anyAya aura atyAcAroM ko prazraya denA hI hai, kintu apanI Atma-zakti kA itanA vikAsa karanA hai, jisase vyakti, samAja aura parivAra niSpakSa jIvana vyatIta kara sake / pUrvAgraha ke kAraNa asahiSNutA utpanna hotI hai / jisase satya kA nirNaya nahIM hotaa| jo zAnta citta hai, jisakI bhAvanAyeM

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282 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saMyamita ho gaI haiM aura jisameM niSpakSatA jAgrata ho gaI hai vahI vyakti sahanazIla ho sakatA hai| ___ AcAryazrI ne vIrodaya meM bhI likhA hai ki jo manuSya apane hRdaya se IrSyA, ahaMkAra Adi ko dUra kara, harSa va krodha ke nimittoM meM samAna buddhi rakhatA hai, nirdvanda bhAva se vicaratA huA AtmA ko jItatA hai, vahI saMsAra meM 'jina' kahA jAtA hai| una jina ke dvArA pratipAdita karttavya vidhAna ko hI 'jaina-dharma' kahate haiN| aisA vyakti hI jIvana meM sahiSNu yA sahanazIla hotA hai - ityevaM pratipadya yaH svahRdayAdIAmadAdIn haran / harSAmarSanimittayoH samamatirnirdvandvabhAvaM crn|| svAtmAnaM jayayItyaho jina iyannAmnA smaakhyaayte| tatkartavyavidhirhi jaina ita vAk dharmaH prasAre kssiteH|| 45 / / vIro.sarga:-171 sUktiyA~ - 1. tyAgo'pi manasA zreyAn na zarIreNa kevlm| __ mUlocchedaM binA vRkSaH punrbhvitumrhti|| 13/37 / / - kisI vastu kA mana se kiyA huA tyAga hI kAryakArI hotA hai| kevala zarIra se kiyA gayA tyAga kalyANakArI nahIM hotA, kyoMki mUla (jar3a) ke uccheda kiye binA Upara se kATA gayA vRkSa punaH pallavita ho jAtA hai| 2. aneka dhAnyeSu vipattikArI vilokyate niSkapaTasya cAriH / - chidraM nirUpya sthitimAdadhAti sabhAti AkhoH pizunaH sjaatiH|| 1/19 || - durjana cUhe jaise hote haiN| jaise cUhA nAnA jAti kI dhAnyoM kA vinAza karatA hai, bahumUlya (niSka) (vastroM) kA ari hai, zatru hai, unheM kATa DAlatA hai aura chidra arthAta bila dekhakara usameM apanI sthiti kAyama rakhatA hai| ThIka isI prakAra pizuna purUSa bhI mUSaka ke sajAtIya pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki ve pizuna bhI nAnA prakAra se anya sAdhAraNajanoM ke vipattikAraka

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283 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana haiM, niSkapaTajanoM ke zatru haiM aura logoM ke chidroM arthAt doSoM ko dekhakara apanI sthiti ko dRr3ha banAte haiN| 3. hRSIkANi samastAni mAdyanti pramadA''zrayAt / ___ no cetpunarasantIva santi yAni tu dehinaH / / 8/31|| - pramadA arthAt strI ke Azraya se ye samasta indriyA~ mada ko prApta hotI haiN| yadi strI kA saMparka na ho to phira ye dehadhArI ke hote huye bhI nahIM hotI huI sI rahatI haiN| sandarbha - 1. sAgAradharmAmRta 2/801 2. hisAnRtasteyAbrahma-parigrahebhyo virativratam:-tattvArthasUtra 7/1 / 3. dezasarvato'NumahatI, vahI 7/21 4. vratamamisaMdhivRto niyamaH, idaM karttavyamiMda na karttavyamiti vA 7/1/342/61 5. vrataM ko'rthaH / sarvanivRtti-pariNAmaH / pa. pra./TI./2/52/173/51 6. sAgAradharmAmRta 2/801 7. niHzalyovratI-vahI 7/18 / 8. agAryanagArazca-vahI 7/19 / 9. aNuvrato'gArI, vahI. 7/201 10. tattvArthasUtra 7/21 / 11. vahI 7/221 12. altekara, ejUkezana ena aiMzieNTa iNDiyA pR. 326 | 13. rAjapraznIya sUtra 190, pR. 328 | 14. sthAnAMga 3-135 tathA manusmRti 2-225 aadi| 15. Avazyakaniyukta 22 / 16. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 18, 22, 27, 41 | 17. vyAkhyAprajJapti 2, 1 aupapAtika 38, pR. 172 |

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284 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 18. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, jaina Agara va sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja / 19. anuyogadvAra sUtra 25 pR. 25-26 | 20. vyavahArabhASya, 1 pR. 1321 21. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 2081 22. majjhima nikAya 2, 44 pR. 414 | 23. IzvarakRSNa kI sAMkhyakArikA kA dUsarA naam| 24. AvazyakacUrNi pR. 2291 25. doSa nikAya 16, brahmajAla suttA pR. 11 / 26. vIrodaya mahAkAvya SoDaza sarga pR. 154-155 /

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana 285 pariccheda - 3 kalA citraNa 'kalA' zabda 'saMvAranA' artha vAlI kal dhAtu ke kac evaM TAp pratyayoM ke saMyoga se niSpanna huA hai| ataH "kalA" kA zAbdika artha hai"padArtha ko sa~vArane vaalii|" kisI amUrta padArtha kI surUci ke sAtha sundara evaM mUrta rUpa pradAna karane vAlI ceSTA kA nAma kalA hai| bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya aneka manISiyoM ne kalA ke viSaya meM apane-apane vicAra prakaTa kie haiN| bhArata ke prAcIna vidvAnoM ne causaTha kalAe~ ginAyI haiM para pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kalAoM ko kevala do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - lalita kalA aura upayogI klaa| lalita-kalAe~ jIvana ko sarasa banAtI haiM aura upayogI kalAe~ dainika AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karatI hai| lalita kalAoM meM pA~ca prasiddha haiM - (1) kAvya kalA, (2) saMgItakalA (3) citrakalA (4) mUrtikalA aura (5) vaastuklaa| inameM kAvyakalA sarvazreSTha hai| apane manobhAvoM ko lekhanI aura kAvyAtmaka vANI ke mAdhyama se sundaratama abhivyakti pradAna karanA hI kAvyakalA hai| kalA kI dRSTi se mitti-citroM kI bhI apanI vizeSatA hai| bhitti-citra banAne ke lie bhItara kA plAsTara kaisA ho, use kaise banAyA jAya, usa para likhAI ke lie jamIna kaise taiyAra kI jAya? Adi bAtoM kA savistAra varNana mAnasollAsa meM AyA hai| somadeva ne do prakAra ke bhitti-citroM kA ullekha kiyA hai - (1) vyakti-citra, (2) prtiik-citr| vyakti citroM meM bAhubali, pradyumna, supArzva tathA yakSamithuna kA ullekha hai| pratIka-citroM meM tIrthakara kI mAtA dvArA dekhe gaye solaha svapnoM kA vivaraNa hai| vyakti citra jainaparamparA meM bAhubali eka mahAna tapasvI aura mokSagAmI mahApurUSa mAne gaye haiN| ye tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra tathA bharata cakravartI ke bhAI the|

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286 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bharata ke cakravartitva prApti ke bAda ye sanyasta ho gaye, aura lagAtAra bAraha varSoM taka tapa karate rhe| suDaula, saumya, vizAla zarIradhArI isa tapasvI ne aisI samAdhi lagAI ki varSA, jAr3A aura garmI se bhI vicalita nahIM huaa| cAroM ora per3a-paudhe aura latAe~ uga AyIM aura zarIra ke sahAre ka~dhoM taka car3ha gyiiN| bAhubali kA yahI citra lalita kalA meM kalAkAra ne ukerA hai| saMsAra ko cakita karane vAlI zravaNabelagola kI mUrti isI mahApurUSa kI hai, jo unmukta AkAza meM nirAlamba khar3I sAre saMsAra ko zAnti kA amara-sandeza de rahI hai| pratIka-citra - jainasAhitya meM ullekha hai ki garbha meM Ane ke pahale tIrthaMkara kI mAtA solaha svapna dekhatI hai| zvetAmbaroM meM caudaha svapnoM kA varNana AtA hai| AcArya jJAnasAgara ne jisa mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai, usameM ye solaha svapna bhitti para citrita kiye gaye the - airAvata hAthI/ vRSabha/siMha/ lakSmI/laTakatI puSpa mAlAyeM/candra-sUrya/ matsyayugala/pUrNa kumbha/ padyasarovara/siMhAsana/samudra/ phaNayukta sarpa/ prajjavalita agni/ratnoM kA Dhera/ deva vimaan| eka vastu kI 16 kalAe~ mAnI jAtI haiN| ataeva cAra dizAoM kI causaTha kalAe~ svataH hI ho jAtI haiN| rAnI priyakAriNI causaTha kalAoM meM pAraMgata thii| jainazAstroM ke anusAra tIrthakara ko kevalajJAna hone ke uparAnta indra kuvera ko AjJA dekara eka virATa sabhAmaMDapa kA nirmANa karAtA hai, jisameM tIrthaMkara kA upadeza hotA hai| isI sabhAmaMDapa ko samavazaraNa kahA jAtA hai| prAcIna jaina-citroM meM samavazaraNa kA sundara aMkana hai| jharokhoM meM jhA~katI kAminiyoM kA bhI eka sthAna para citraNa hai| citrakalA prAcIna bhArata meM citrakalA kA bhI paryApta vikAsa haA hai| citrakAra citra banAne meM kU~cI aura vividha raMgoM kA prayoga karate the| citra, bhittiyoM aura paTTaphalaka ke Upara banAye jAte the| kisI parivrAjikA ne ceTaka kI kanyA rAjakumArI sujyeSThA kA citra eka phalaka para citrita kara rAjA zreNika ko dikhAyA thA, jise dekhakara rAjA apanI sudha-budha bhUla gayA thaa| mithilA ke malladatta kumAra ne hAva-bhAva, vilAsa aura zrRMgAra

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287 vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika vivecana ceSTAoM se yukta eka citra-sabhA banavAyI thii| citrasabhA banAne vAloM meM eka citrakAra bar3A bilakSaNa thA, jo dvipada, catuSpada aura apada ke eka hisse ko dekhakara usake sampUrNa rUpa ko citrita kara detA thaa| mUrtikalA bhArata meM mUrtikalA bahuta samaya se calI AtI hai| bhAratIya zilpakAra mUrti tarAzane ke lie kASTha kA upayoga karate the| ujjainI kA rAjA pradyota rAjakumArI vAsavadattA ko gandharva-vidyA kI zikSA denA cAhatA thaa| usane yantra-cAlita eka hAthI banavAyA aura use vatsadeza ke sImA-prAnta para chor3a diyaa| udhara se udayana gAtA huA niklaa| usakA gAnA sunakara hAthI vahIM rUka gyaa| pradyota ke AdamI udayana ko pakar3akara rAjA ke pAsa le aaye| sthApatyakalA gRha nirmANa vidyA (vatthuvijjA) kA prAcIna bhArata meM bahuta mahattva thaa| jaina-AgamoM meM vAstu-kAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo nagara-nirmANa ke lie sthAna kI khoja meM idhara-udhara bhramaNa kiyA karate the| bar3haI kA sthAna samAja meM mahattvapUrNa thaa| usakI gaNanA caudaha ratnoM meM kI jAtI thii| gRha-nirmANa karane ke pUrva sabase pahale bhUmi kI parIkSA kara use ikasAra kiyA jAtA thaa| aura jo bhUmi jisake yogya hotI thI, use dene ke lie akSara se aMkita mohara DAlI jAtI thii| tatpazcAt bhUmi ko khodakara IMToM ko garI se kUTakara, unake Upara IMTa cinakara nIMva rakhI jAtI thii| bAda meM pIThikA taiyAra ho jAne para usa para prAsAda khar3A kiyA jAtA thaa| vIrodaya meM kalA citraNa vIrodaya meM granthakAra ne jinAlayoM ke saundarya varNana, samavazaraNa citraNa Adi meM citrakalA, mUrtikalA, tathA sthApatya kalAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| nagara ke gaganacumbI zAla (koTa) ke zikharoM para citrAMkita nakSatra-maNDala pradIpotsava ke bhrama se logoM meM Ananda utpanna kara detA thA tathA kuNDanapura ke gopura ke Upara prakAzamAna candramA rAtri meM mukuTa kI zobhA ko dhAraNa kara rahA thaa|'

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vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana samavazaraNa meM cAra vApikAoM se yukta, citrakalA dvArA nirmita mAnahArI mAna-stambha cAroM dizAoM meM suzobhita the| bhitti para azoka vRkSa itanA ramaNIya banA thA ki jisake darzanamAtra se zoka - samUha naSTa ho jAtA thaa| isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne aneka kalAoM kA yathAsthAna citraNa kiyA hai| sUktiyA~ 288 - 1. Atman vasestvaM vasituM parebhyaH deyaM svavannAnyahRdatra tebhyaH / bhaveH kadAcit svabhave yadi tvaM pravAMchasi svaM sukhasampaditvam / / 16/211 he Atman! yadi tuma yahA~ se rahanA cAhate ho to auroM sukha ko sukha se rahane do| yadi tuma svayaM duHkhI nahIM honA cAhate ho to auroM ko bhI duHkha mata do arthAt tuma svayaM jaisA bananA cAhate ho usI prakAra kA vyavahAra dUsaroM ke sAtha bhI karo / 2. ucchAlito'rkAya rajaH samUhaH patecchirasyeva tathA'yamUhaH / - kRtaM parasmai phalati svayaM tannijAtmanItyeva vadanti santaH / / 16/511 * jaise sUrya ke Upara pheMkI gaI dhUlI pheMkane vAle ke sira para hI Akara giratI hai, isI prakAra dUsaroM ke liye kiyA gayA burA kArya svayaM apane liye hI burA phala detA hai / isIliye dUsaroM ke sAtha sadA bhalA hI vyavahAra karanA cAhiye / yahI sajjanoM kA kathana hai| 3. AcAraM evAbhyudayapradezaH / / 17/29 / / usake abhyudaya kA kAraNa hai / ---- - 4. Rte tamaH syAt kva raveH prabhAvaH / / 1/18 / / andhakAra na ho to sUrya kA prabhAva kA kaise prakaTa ho sakatA hai ? vaise hI yadi durjana na hoM to sajjanoM kI sajjanatA kA prabhAva bhI kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ? sandarbha 1. vIrodaya sarga 2 pR. 14-16 1 2. vIrodaya trayodaza sarga. pR. 125-127 / manuSya kA AcaraNa hI

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adhyAya - 6 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pariccheda - 1 dharma kA svarUpa 'dharma' ke svarUpa ke vizleSaNa meM aneka tattva sAmane Ate haiN| jaise agni kA jalAnA dharma hai, pAnI kA zItalatA dharma hai, vAyu kA bahanA dharma hai, usI prakAra AtmA kA 'caitanya' dharma hai| 'dharma' zabda ke do artha haiM, eka vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahate haiN| dUsarA AcAra yA cAritra ko dharma kahate haiN| jisase abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa (mukti) kI prApti ho, use 'dharma' kahate haiN| caritra se inakI prApti hotI hai isalie caritra hI dharma hai|' vIrodaya meM AcAryazrI ne dharma ke svarUpa ko abhivyakta karate hue likhA hai ki manuSya jaisA vyavahAra svayaM apane lie cAhate haiM, vaisA hI vyavahAra use dUsare dIna-kAyara purUSoM ke sAtha karanA caahie| yahI eka tattva dharma kA mUla hai - yathA svayaM vAJchati tatparebhyaH kuryAjjanaH kevalakAtarebhyaH / tadetadekaM khalu dharmamUlaM parantu sarva svidamuSya tUlam / / 6 / / -viiro.srg.16| AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI likhA hai,- "jo prANiyoM ko paMca parAvartana rUpa saMsAra ke duHkhoM se nikAla kara svarga aura mokSa ke bAdhA rahita uttama sukhoM ko prApta karA detA hai, vaha dharma hai|" prANiyoM ko saMsAra ke duHkhoM se nikAla kara svarga Adi sukhoM ko prApta karAne ke kAraNa samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra dharma hai| yathA -

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290 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (a) dezayAmi samIcInaM, dharma krmnivrhnnm| saMsAra duHkhataH satvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe|| 2 / / ___-ratnakara. shraa.| (ba) dhammo vatthusahAvo khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhmmo| rayaNattayaM ca dhammo jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhmmo|| - kArtikeyAnuprekSA 'dharma' to AtmA kA svabhAva hai| para dravyoM meM Atmabuddhi chor3akara apane jJAtA dRSTA rUpa svabhAva kA zraddhAna, anubhava (jJAna) aura jJAyaka svabhAva meM hI pravartana rUpa jo AcaraNa hai, vaha dharma hai| jaba uttamakSamAdi dazalakSaNa rUpa Atma-pariNamana aura ratnatrayarUpa tathA jIvadayA rUpa Atma-pariNati hotI hai taba apanI AtmA apane Apa hI dharmarUpa ho jAtI samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacaritra ko dharma kahate haiN| dharma tIna nahIM hai, apitu ina tInoM kI paripUrNatA hI sAkSAt dharma hai| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAmI ne likhA hai - " samyagdarzana-jJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH" / -tattvArthasUtra. 1/11 "uttamakSamAmArdavArjavazauca-satyasaMyamatapastyAgAkincanyabrahmacaryANi dharmaH" - tattvArtha sUtra.a.9.sUtra.6 dharma zabda eka vacana hai| ataH dharma daza nahIM haiM, apitu daza dharmoM kA ekatva dharma hai| __yadyapi darzana aura dharma yA vastusvabhAvarUpa dharma aura AcAra-rUpa dharma donoM alaga-alaga haiM, parantu ina donoM kA paraspara meM ghanSTi sambandha hai| udAharaNa ke lie, jaba AcArarUpa dharma AtmA ko paramAtmA banane kA mArga batalAtA hai, taba yaha jAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki AtmA aura paramAtmA kA svabhAva kyA hai ? donoM meM antara kyA hai aura kyoM hai ? jaise sone ke svabhAva se anajAna AdamI yadi sone ko sodhane kA prayatna bhI

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kare, to usakA prayatna lAbhakArI nahIM ho sktaa| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA nahIM hai aura na paraloka hai, usakA AcAra sadA bhoga-pradhAna hI rahatA hai| __ prakArAntara se bhI dharma ke do bheda haiM eka sAdhya rUpa aura dUsarA sAdhana ruup| paramAtmatva sAdhyarUpa dharma hai aura AcAra (cAritra) sAdhanarUpa dharma hai, kyoMki AcAra/cAritra ke dvArA hI AtmA paramAtmA banatA hai| dharma kA mahattva dharma kI mahattA ko AMkanA AsAna nahIM hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne ise 'rilIjana' kahA hai| 'dharma' kI vyApakatA evaM gahanatA ko thor3e zabdoM meM bA~dhakara ujAgara nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, phira bhI manISiyoM ne isakA vibhinna zabdoM meM mUlyAMkana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yathA - sadAcaraNa, kartavya, nyAya, sadaguNa, naitikatA, satkarma Adi / prasiddha vidvAna makTAgArTa ne 'dharma' kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate huye kahA hai - "dharma citta kA vaha bhAva hai, jisake dvArA hama vizva ke sAtha eka prakAra ke mela kA anubhava karate haiN|' yadyapi vidvAnoM ne 'dharma' kI mahattA pratipAdita kI hai, kintu tathyataH dharma vahI hai, jisase mAnavatA kA kalyANa ho| mahAvIra ne mAnava-kalyANa hetu dharma kI upayogitA kA upadeza dete hue kahA hai ki jarA aura maraNa ke pravAha meM bahate hue prANI ke lie dharma hI mAtra dIpa, pratiSThA, gati aura uttama zaraNa hai| jarAmaraNa vegeNaM bujjhamANANa paanninnN| dhammo dIvo paiTThAya gaisaraNamuttamaM / / 13 / / -uttarAdhyayana 23/68 | mahAvIra ne dharma kI mahattA ko parakha kara spaSTa kahA thA ki 'dharmapracAra ke pavitratama anuSThAna meM yathAzakti yoga dekara AtmoddhAra evaM paroddhAra kro| jana-jana ke kalyANa hetu jahA~ dharma apekSita hai, vahIM svayaM ke lie bhI isakI upayogitA hai| mahAvIra ne Atma-saMyama hetu bhI dharma kI mahattA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM - mana bahuta hI sAhasika, raudra aura duSTa azva hai, cAroM ora daur3atA hai| isa azva ko dharma-zikSA dvArA acchI taraha kAbU meM kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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292 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __ mano sAhassio bhImo, duTThasso pridhaaviiN| taM sammaM tu nigiNhAmi dhamma sikkhAi knthgN|| AcAryazrI kI jainadharma para dRr3ha AsthA hai, unakI dRSTi meM yaha mAnava-mAtra ke lie upayogI va mahattvapUrNa hai| isake mahattva ke aneka pramANa kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM prastuta kiye haiN| jainadharma meM satya, ahiMsA, brahmacarya, asteya aura aparigraha ye pA~ca mahAvrata kahe gaye haiN| inakI mahimA sabhI dharmoM meM mAnya hai, kintu jainadharma meM inakA kaThoratA se pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| jainadharma kevala vAnaprasthiyoM ke liye hI nahIM, apitu gRhasthoM ke lie bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| gRhasthoM ko sadAcaraNa, AhAra, vihAra, atithi-pUjana, devapUjana, AtmakalyANa Adi apekSita guNoM kI zikSA dene meM yaha dharma pUrNataH samartha hai| yaha vyakti ko andhavizvAsoM se dUra rahane kI bhI zikSA detA hai|' bhAratIya saMskRti meM cAroM purUSArthoM meM dharma ko sabase adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| kAlidAsa ne 'kumArasaMbhava' meM dharma ko 'trivarga' kA sAra kahA hai| dharma bhAratIya saMskRti kA prANa hai| dharma dvArA hI bhautika unnati aura AdhyAtmika sukha kI prApti sambhava hai| mahAbhArata meM dharma ko artha aura kAma kA srota mAnA hai| isameM kahA hai - urdhvabAhu viraumyeSa, na ca kazcit zrRNoti me| dharmAdarthazca kAmazca sa kimartha na sevyte|| yAjJavalkyasmRti, viSNusmRti aura manusmRti Adi meM aura dharmazAstroM meM bhI cAroM purUSArthoM meM dharma ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| jo apane dharma ko chor3a detA hai, dharma usakA vinAza kara detA hai| jo dharma kI rakSA karatA hai, dharma usakI rakSA karatA hai| gItA meM bhI (aThArahaveM adhyAya meM) kRSNa ne arjuna ko dharma kA mahattva batalAte huye kahA hai zreyAnsvadharmo viguNaH paradharmAtsvanuSThitAt / svabhAva-niyataM karma kurvannApnoti kilviSam / /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 293 purANoM meM bhI dharma ke mahattva ko svIkAra karate hue kahA hai ki adharmI purUSa yadi kAma aura artha sambandhI kriyAyeM karatA hai, to usakA phala bA~jha strI ke putra ke samAna hotA hai| usase kisI prakAra ke kalyANa kI siddhi nahIM hotI / bhAratIya saMskRti meM dharma ko itanA mahattva isalie diyA gayA hai, kyoMki yaha samAja meM zAnti aura suvyavasthA banAye rakhatA vIrodaya meM dharma ke mahattva - ko AcArya zrI ne isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA hai - ApannamanyaM samudIkSya mAsthAstUSNIM vaheH kintu nijAmihAsthAm / svede bahatyanyajanasya rakta-pramokSaNe svasya bhave prsktH|| 3 / / -viiro.srg.16| dUsare ko Apatti meM par3A dekhakara svayaM cupa na baiThakara, usake saMkaTa ko dUra karane kA zakti bhara prayatna kro| dUsaroM ke dvArA pasInA bahAye jAne para tuma khUna bahAne ke lie taiyAra rho| sUktiyA~ - 1. khaDgenAyasa-nirmitena na hato, vajeNa vai hanyate, tasmAnnijaye narAya ca vipad-daivena ta tnyte| daivaM kintu nihatya yo vijayate tasyAtra saMhArakaH, kaH syAdityanuzAsanAdvijayate vIreSu vIre sakaH / / 16/30 || jo manuSya lohe kI banI khaDga se nahIM mArA jA sakatA, vaha vajra se nizcayataH mArA jAtA hai| jo vaja se nahIM mArA jA sakatA, vaha daiva se avazya mArA jAtA hai, kintu jo mahApurUSa deva ko bhI mArakara vijaya prApta karatA hai, usakA saMhAra karane vAlA isa saMsAra kauna hai ? vaha vIroM kA vIra mahAvIra hI isa saMsAra meM sarvottama vijetA hai, vaha sadA vijayazIla banA rhe| 2. vahAvaziSTaM samayaM na kArya manuSyatAmaMca kulantunArya ! nArthasya dAso yazasazca bhUyAd dhRtvA tvadhe nAnyajane'bhyasUyAm / /

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294 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 18/37 || - he Arya ! sadA sAMsArika kAryoM meM hI mata lage raho. kucha samaya bacAkara dharmakArya meM lagAo, dharma kro| manuSyatA ko prApta karo, usakI kImata kro| jAti kula kA mada mata kro| sadA artha arthAta dhana yA svArtha ke dAsa mata bane raho, kintu lokopakArI yaza ke bhI kucha kAma kro| anya manuSyoM para IrSyA dveSa Adi karake pApa se apane Apa ko lipta mata kro| 3. zapanti kSudrajanmAno vyarthameva virodhkaan| satyAgraha-prabhAveNa mahAtmA tvanukUlayet / / 10/34 ||kSudrajanmA dIna purUSa virodhiyoM ko vyartha kosate haiN| mahApurUSa to satyAgraha ke prabhAva se virodhiyoM ko bhI apane anukUla kara lete haiN| yahAM para mahAtmA pada se gAMdhI jI aura unake satyAgraha Andolana kI yarthAthatA kI ora mahAkavi ne saMketa kiyA hai| 4. balIyasI saMgatireva jAteH / / 21/4|| - jAti kI apekSA saMgati hI balavatI hotI hai| 5. manasvI manasi svIye na sahAyamapekSate / / 10/37|| - manasvI __purUSa apane citta meM dUsaroM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM rakhate haiN| sandarbha - 1. jaina dharma, paM. kailAzacanda siddhAnta zAstrI pR. 84 | 2. jaina dharma, paM. kailAzacanda siddhAnta zAstrI pR. 85 / 3. Sanskrit English Dictionary (M. Williams) 4. jaina darzana, pR. 9-101 5. uttarAdhyayana, a. 12, gA. 46, 47 | 6. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyayana pR. 421 | 7. vIrodaya zloka 33-39 sarga. 18 | 8. bhAratIya saMskRti pR. 901

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 295 pariccheda - 2 deva, zAstra, gurU kI bhakti saMsAra meM aneka prakAra ke ArAdhya devoM, paraspara virUddha kathana karane vAle zAstroM tathA vividha rUpadhArI gurUoM kI aneka paramparAoM ko dekhakara mAnavamAtra ke mana meM svAbhAvika jijJAsA hotI hai ki inameM sacce deva, sacce zAstra aura sacce gurU kauna haiM ? jinase svayaM kA evaM saMsAra ke prANiyoM kA kalyANa ho sakatA hai| jainAgama meM sacce deva, zAstra aura gurU ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra hai deva kA svarUpa AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai ki deva ko nizcayataH doSarahita, sarvajJa aura AgamezI honA cAhie, anyathA vaha Apta nahIM ho sktaa| deva ke isa svarUpa meM unhoMne Apta ko samasta karmamala se rahita, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI kahA hai| ve kahate haiM ki AptapurUSa vahI ho sakatA hai, jisameM kSut, pipAsA, jarA, AtaMka, janma, mRtyu, bhaya, asaMyama rAga-dveSa tathA moha nahIM hote| aisA Apta hI parameSThI, paraMjyoti, virAga, vimala, kRtI, sarvajJa, anAdi madhyAnta, sArva-sarvahitaMkara tathA zAstA kahA jAtA hai| aisA zAstA hI anAtmArthI rAga ke binA jIvoM ke lie kalyANa kA upadeza ThIka vaise hI detA hai, jaise zilpI ke kara-sparza se bajatA huA muraja vAdya kisI prakAra kI apekSA nahIM krtaa| AptenocchinnadoSeNa srvjnyenaagmeshinaa| bhavitavyaM niyogena nAnyathA hyAptatA bhvet|| 5 / / kSutpipAsA - jarAtaMka-janmAntakabhayasmayAH / __na rAgadveSamohAzca yasyAptaH sa prkiirtyte|| 6 / /

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296 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana parameSThI paraMjyoti virAgo vimalaH kRtii| sarvajJo'nAdi-madhyAntaH sArvaH shaastoplaalyte|| 7 / / anAtmArtha binA rAgaiH zAstA zAsti sato hitam / dhvanan zilpikarasparzAnmurajaH kimpeksste|| 8 / / -rtn.shraa.a.1| rAga, dveSa aura moha yukta jIva sarvajJa nahIM ho sktaa| isalie vaha mokSamArga kA upadeSTA bhI nahIM ho sktaa| mokSamArga ke upadeza ke lie karma rahita honA Avazyaka hai| karma-rahita hone para hI vaha sarvajJa ho sakatA hai| somadeva ne bhI likhA hai ki jo sarvajJa hai, sabhI lokoM kA svAmI hai, sabhI doSoM se rahita hai, sabhI kA hita karane vAlA hai, use Apta kahate haiN| sarvajJaM sarvalokezaM sarvadoSa-vivarjitam / sarvasatvahitaM praahuraaptmaaptmtocitaaH|| jo trikAlavartI guNa aura paryAyoM se yukta samasta dravyoM ko tathA samasta lokAloka ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai, vaha sarvajJa deva haiN| jo jANadi paccakkhaM tiloya-guNa-pajjaehiM sNjuttN| loyAloyaM sayalaM so savvaNhU have deo|| 'div' dhAtu se 'deva' zabda banatA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI TIkA meM paMcaparameSThI ko 'deva' kahA hai - 'jo paramasukha meM krIr3A karatA hai, jo karmoM ko jItane ke prayatna meM saMlagna hai athavA jo karor3oM sUryoM se bhI adhika teja se dedIpyamAna hai, vaha deva hai| jaise- arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu / paMcAdhyAyI meM rAgAdi aura jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke abhAvajanya anantacuSTya se sampanna AtmA ko 'deva' kahA hai - doSo rAgAdisadbhAvaH syAdAvaraNaM ca karma tat / tayorabhAvo'sti niHzeSo yAtrAsau deva uccte|| paM.a.u. 6031 vIrodaya meM deva ke svarUpa - kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai -

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297 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jinA jayantUttamasaukhyakUpAH sammohadaMzAya smutthdhuupaaH| vizvasya vijJAni padaikabhUpA darpAdisAya tu tArkSyarUpAH / / 1 / / -vIro.sarga.201 jo uttama atIndriya sukha ke bhaNDAra haiM, moha-rUpa DAMsa-maccharoM ke lie jo dazAMgI dhUpa se uThe dhUmra ke samAna hai, jinhoMne vizva ke samasta jJeya padArthoM ko jAnakara sarvajJa pada pA liyA hai aura jo darpa (ahaMkAra) mAtsarya Adi so ke lie garUr3a-svarUpa haiM, vahI sacce deva haiN| deva bhakti vItarAgI arihanta aura siddhoM kI bhakti kisI sAMsArika-kAmana kI pUrti hetu nahIM kI jAtI, apitu unheM Adarza purUSottama mAnakara kevala unake guNoM kA cintavana kiyA jAtA hai aura vaisA banane kI bhavanA bhAI jAtI hai| phalataH bhakta ke pariNAmoM meM svabhAvataH nirmalatA AtI hai| isameM Izvara-kRta kRpA Adi apekSita nahIM hai| devamUrti, zAstra evaM gurU ke Alambana se bhakta apanA kalyANa karatA hai| ataH vyavahAra se unheM kalyANa kA kartA kahate haiM, nizcaya se nahIM; kyoMki koI dravya anya dravya kA kartA nahIM hai, sabhI dravya apane-apane kartA haiN| upAdAna meM hI kartRtva hai, nimitta usameM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vyAvahArika bhASA meM para-nimitta ko kartA kahate haiN| adhyAtma kI bhASA meM para-padArtha nimitta mAtra hai, karttA nhiiN| ataeva bhakti-strotoM meM phala-prApti kI jo bhAvanAyeM kI gaI haiM, ve aupacArika vyavahAra nayAzrita kathana haiN| bhAvoM kI nirmalatA hI kArya-siddhi meM sAdhaka hotI hai| vItarAga kI bhakti se bhAvoM meM nirmalatA AtI hai| phalasvarUpa karma-raja ke haTane se bhaktyanusAra phalaprApti hotI hai| mokSArthI ko sAMsArika lAbha kI kAmanA nahIM karanA cAhie; kyoMki isase saMsAra-sthiti bar3hatI hai, mukti nahIM hotI arahaMta-siddhacediyapavayaNa-gaNaNANa-bhatti sNpnnnno| baMdhadi puNNaM bahuso Na du so kammakkhayaM kunndi|| -paMcA.gA. 166 |

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298 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vIrodaya meM deva-bhakti - kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai - santa sadA samA bhAnti marjUmati nutipriyaa| ayi tvayi mahAvIra! sphItAM kurU marjU mayi / / 40 / / -viiro.srg.22| he mahAvIra! santa jana yadyapi Apa meM sadA samabhAva rakhate haiM, tathApi ati bhakti se ve Apako namaskAra karate haiM; kyoMki Apa vItarAga hote hue bhI vizva bhara ke upakAraka haiM, nirdoSa haiM aura saMkIrNatA se rahita haiN| ApakI kRpA se ApakI yaha nirdoSatA mujhe bhI prApta ho, aisI mujha para kRpA kreN| zAstra kA svarUpa - AcArya samantabhadra ne Agama ko nimnAMkita vizeSaNoM se viziSTa batalAyA hai| 1. AptopajJa - Apta ke dvArA upajJa-jJAta / 2. anullaMghya - jisakA ullaMghana na kiyA jA ske| 3. addaSTeSTa virodhI - pratyakSa tathA parokSa pramANoM se jisameM virodha na aaye| 4. tattvopadezakRt - tattvoM kA upadeza karane vaalaa| 5. sArva - sarva-jIva-hitaMkara / 6. kApathaghaTTana - kumArga kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA / somadeva ne likhA hai ki sabase pahale Apta (deva) kI parIkSA kara usameM gana ko lagAnA caahiye| jo parIkSA kiye binA hI deva kA Adara karate haiM, ve andhe haiM tathA usa deva ke kandhe para hAtha rakha kara sadgati pAnA cAhate haiN| jaise mAtA-pitA ke zuddha hone para santAna zuddha hotI hai vaise hI deva ke zuddha hone para Agama meM zuddhatA AtI hai| zAstra' kA sAmAnya artha hai- 'grantha' / sarvajJa bhagavAna ke upadeza ke pazcAt AcArya-paramparA se prApta upadeza ko 'Agama' kahate haiM, arthAt pUrvokta arhanta deva ke mUla siddhAntoM ke pratipAdaka grantha 'Agama' kahalAte haiN|

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299 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vIrodaya meM Apta aura Agama - prastuta mahAkAvya meM Apta ke svarUpa kA citraNa isa prakAra hai bhaviSya meM hone vAle, vartamAna meM vidyamAna aura bhUtakAla meM utpanna ho cuke aise traikAlika padArthoM kI paramparA ko jAnanA nirAvaraNa jJAna kA mAhAtmya hai| jJAna kA AvaraNa dUra ho jAne se sArvakAlika vastuoM ko jAnane vAle pavitra jJAna ko sarvajJa bhagavAn dhAraNa karate haiN| ataH ve sarvajJAtA Apta hote haiN| una Apta ko Agama dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| yadi veda meM sarvavettA hone kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, to phira kauna sucetA purUSa usa sarvajJa kA niSedha karegA ? yadi yaha kahA jAya ki zruti (veda-vAkya) se hI vaha sarvajJa ho sakatA hai anyathA nahIM, to yaha tabhI sambhava hai, jaba ki manuSya meM sarvajJa hone kI zakti vidyamAna ho| jisa prakAra maNi ke bhItara camaka hone para hI vaha zANa se prakaTa hotI hai| kyA sAdhAraNa pASANa meM vaha camaka zANa se prakaTa ho sakatI hai ? nhiiN| jaba manuSya meM sarvajJa banane kI zakti hai, tabhI vaha zruti ke nimitta se prakaTa ho sakatI hai| tIrthakaroM ke mukha se nikalI huI vANI jo pUrvApara doSa se rahita ho aura zuddha ho use 'Agama' kahate haiN| Agama ko hI 'tattvArtha' kahA jAtA haiN| tasya muhaggadavayaNaM puvvAvaradosavirahiyaM suddhaM / Agamidi parikahiyaM teNa du kahiyA havaMti tcctthaa|| jo Apta ke dvArA kahA gayA ho, vAdI-prativAdI ke dvArA akhaNDita ho, pratyakSAdi pramANoM se avirUddha ho, vastu-svarUpa kA pratipAdaka ho, vahI "satyArtha zAstra" haiN| AptopajJamanullaGghyamadRSTeSTavirodhakam / tattvopadezakRtasArva zAstraM kApathaghaTTanam / / -ratna.zrA.zloka 9 / jisameM vItarAgI sarvajJa ke dvArA pratipAdita bheda ratnatraya kA svarUpa

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300 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana varNita ho, use Agama (zAstra) kahate haiN| vItarAga sarvajJa praNItaSadravyAdi-samyakzradvAna jJAnavratAdyanuSThAna bhedaratnatraya svarUpaM yatra pratipAdyate tadAgama-zAstraM bhnnyte| Apta-vacana Adi se hone vAle padArtha-jJAna ko Agama kahate haiN| "AptavacanAdi nibandhanamarthajJAnaM aagmH|" Apta vAkya ke anurUpa arthajJAna ko Agama kahate haiN| Agama (zAstra) bhakti zAstra vahI hai, jo vItarAga dvArA praNIta ho| ataeva AgamavantoM kA jJAna nyUnatA se rahita, adhikatA se rahita, viparItatA se rahita tathA niHsandigdha vastu-tattva kI yathArthatA se yukta hotA hai| anyUnamanati-riktaM yAthAtathyaM binA ca viparItAt / niHsandehaM veda yadAhustajjJAna - mAgaminaH / / 42 / / ___-ratna.zrA.a.2, shlo.1| jo rAgI, dveSI aura ajJAniyoM ke dvArA praNIta grantha haiM ve AgamAbhAsa haiN| pUrva tathA aMgarUpa bhedoM meM vibhakta yaha zrutazAstra devendroM aura asurendroM se pUjita hai| anantasukha ke piNDa rUpa mokSa-phala se yukta hai| karmaphala-vinAzaka, puNya-pavitra zivarUpa, bhadrarUpa, ananta arthoM se yukta, divya, nitya, kalirUpa kAluSyahartA, nikAcita (suvyavasthita) anuttara, vimala, sandehAndhakAra-vinAzaka, aneka guNoM se yukta Agama kI bhakti karanA cAhiye, kyoMki yaha Agama svarga-sopAna, mokSadvAra, sarvajJa-mukhodbhUta, pUrvApara virodha-rahita, vizuddha-akSaya tathA anAdinidhana hai - devAsurindamahiyaM aNaMta suhapiMDamokkha phlpurN| kammamala paDaladalaNaM puNNapavittaM sivaM bhadaM / / 80 / / puvvaMgabheda bhiNNaM aNaMta-atthehiM saMjudaM divvaM / NiccaM kalikalusaharaM NikAcidamaNuttaraM vimalaM / / 81 / / saMdehatimira dalaNaM bahuvihaguNajuttaM sagga sovaannN| mokkhaggadArabhUdaM Nimmala buddhi saMdohaM / / 82 ||

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana savvaNDumuhaviNiggaya puvvAvara dosa rahida parisuddhaM / akkhamaNAdiNihaNaM sudaNANapamANaM NiddivaM / / ja.pa. 83 / / gurU kA svarUpa samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki jo viSayoM kI abhilASAoM ke vazIbhUta na ho, Arambha tathA parigraha rahita ho, jJAna, dhyAna tathA tapa meM anurakta ho - aisA prazasta tapasvI hI saccA gurU ho sakatA hai viSayAzAvazAtIto nirArambho'parigrahaH / jJAnadhyAnataporaktaH tapasvI saH prazasyate / / 10 / / - ratna. zrA. zlo. 10 | samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakvAritrarUpa ratnatraya ke dvArA jo mahAna bana cuke haiM unheM 'gurU' kahate haiN| aise gurU AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu-ye tInoM parameSThI haiN| 301 'gurU' kA artha hai, jo tAre - bhavasAgara se pAra lagAye / nizcaya se apanA AtmA hI svayaM ko tAratA hai, arhantAdi usameM nimitta haiM / isa taraha upAdAna kAraNa kI dRSTi se apanA zuddha AtmA hI gurU hai, kyoMki vahI sadA mokSa kI abhilASA karatA hai, mokSasukha kA jJAna karAtA hai tathA usakI prApti meM apane ko lagAtA hai / yaha AtmA apane hI dvArA saMsAra yA mokSa ko prApta karatA hai / ataeva svayaM hI apanA zatru aura gurU bhI hai / kahA bhI hai svasmin sadAbhilASitvAdabhISTa - jJApakatvataH / svayaM hitaprayoktRtvAdAtmaiva gurUrAtmanaH / / 34 / / AtmA''tmanA bhavaM mokSamAtmanaH kurute yataH / ato ripurgurUzcAyamAtmaiva sphuTamAtmanaH / / sacce - iSTopadeza - jJAnArNava 32/81 / ko siMha ke samAna parAkramI, hAthI ke samAna svAbhimAnI,

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302 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana unnata baila ke samAna bhadraprakRti, mRga ke samAna sarala, pazuvat nirIha gocarI-vRttivAlA, pavanavat niHsaMga, sarvatra vicaraNa karane vAlA, sUryavat tejasvI yA sakala tattvaprakAzaka, sAgaravat gambhIra, merUsama akampa, candrasama zAntidAyaka, maNivat jJAna-prabhApuMjayukta, pRthivIvat sahanazIla, sarpavat aniyata-vasatikA meM rahane vAlA, AkAzavat nirAlambI yA nirlepa tathA sadA paramapada kA anveSaNa karane vAlA kahA hai - sIha-gaya-vasaha-miya-pasu-mArUda-surUvahimaMdariduM mnnii| khidi-uragaMbarasarisA paramapaya vimaggathA sAhU / / . -dha.1/1.1.1/31/51 | vairAgya kI parAkASThA ko prApta, prabhAvazAlI, digambara rUpadhArI, dayAzIla, nirgrantha, antaraMga-bahiraMga gA~Tha ko kholane vAlA, vratoM ko jIvanaparyanta pAlane vAlA, guNa zreNI rUpa se karmo kI nirjarA karane vAlA, tapasvI, parISaha-upasarga vijayI, kAmajayI, zAstrokta vidhi se AhAra lene vAlA, pratyAkhyAna meM tatpara ityAdi aneka guNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA sAdhu hotA hai| vIrodaya meM gurU/sAdhu svarUpa AcAryazrI ne gurU/sAdhu ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate huye kahA hai- "sAdhu ko sUryodaya hone aura prakAza ke bhalI-bhA~ti phaila jAne para hI sAmane bhUmi ko dekhate hue vicaranA caahiye| vaha pakSI ke samAna sadA vicaratA rahe, kisI eka sthAna kA upabhoktA na bne| dUsare jIva kA hita jaise saMbhava ho, vaisI sad-ukti vAlI hita-mita bhASA kA prayoga kre|" yathAmanovacaHkAyavinigraho hi syAtsarvato'muSya yto'stymohii| teSAM prayogastu paropakAre sa cApavAdo madamatsarAreH / / 27 || kasyApi nApattikaraM yathA syAttathA malotsargakaro mhaatmaa| saMzodhya tiSThedvamAtmanInaM dehaM ca sampicchikayA ytaatmaa|| 28 / /

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303 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana niHsaMgatAM vAta ivAbhyupeyAt striyAstu vArtApi sadaiva heyaa| zarIramAtmIyamavaiti bhAramanyatkimangI kurUtAdudAraH / / 29 / / -viiro.srg.18| ___ sAdhu moharahita hokara apane mada-matsara Adi bhAvoM para vijaya pAnA cAhatA hai, ataH use apane mana kI saMkalpa-vikalpa, vacana kI saMbhASaNa aura kAya kI gamanAdi rUpa sabhI prakAra kI kriyAoM kA vinigraha karanA caahie| vaha aise nirjantu aura ekAnta sthAna para mala-mUtrAdi kA utsarga kare, jahA~ kisI bhI jIva ko kisI bhI prakAra kI Apatti na ho| vaha saMyatAtmA sAdhu bhUmi para yA jahA~ kahIM bhI baiThe, usa sthAna ko aura apane deha ko picchikA se bhalI-bhA~ti saMzodhana aura parimArjana karake hI baiThe aura sAvadhAnI pUrvaka hI kisI vastu ko uThAye yA rkhe| sAdhu vAyu ke samAna sadA niHsaMga (aparigrahI) hokara vicre| striyoM ko to svapna meM bhI yAda na kre| jo udAra sAdhu apane zarIra ko bhI bhArabhUta mAnatA hai, vaha dUsarI vastu ko kyoM aMgIkAra karegA ? gurU bhakti ___ sAdha ke lie paropakAra hI dhana hai| ve binA svArtha bhAvanA ke jagat ke hitaiSI hote haiN| rAjA aura raMka ko hamezA eka-sA samajhate haiN| rAja-prAsAda aura garIba kI jhopar3I, svarNamandira aura zmazAna unake lie eka-jaise haiN| na ve kisI se rAga rakhate haiM, na kisI se dveSa / aise sAdha, saikar3oM prayatnoM se avazya rakSaNIya haiN| yathA paropakAraikadhanA hi santaH svArtha vinA ye hi hitaissinnste| samrATa-daridreSu samAH trikAlaM kathaM na rakSyA bahubhiH prytnaiH|| -bhA.viveka.zlo. 244 | gurU ke samAgama se tAmasika vRttiyA~ aura kaluSita bhAvanAyeM naSTaprAyaH ho jAtI haiN| sAdhu ke divya-darzana aura upadeza se saMsAra premapUrvaka rahatA hai| sacce sAdhu duniyA~ kI mahAna vibhUti haiN| unake darzana mAtra se hI prANI kA kalyANa hotA hai|

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304 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAdhUnAM darzanaM puNyaM, tIrthabhUtA hi sAdhavaH / kAlena phalati tIrthaH, sadyaH saadhu-smaagmH|| sukha, samRddhi, vaibhava, vibhUtiyA~, dharma tathA premAmRta kI dhArA vahIM para hai jahA~ apane AtmotthAna meM tatpara mahAn AtmA aneka Atma-vibhUtiyoM ke dhArI sAdhu haiN| gurU-bhakti se hI aihika-pAralaukika sukha prApta hote haiN| yathA - sukhaM samRddhirvibhavo vibhUti-dharmo rmitaH snehaparaMparA vaa| tatraiva yatrAsti mahAvibhUtiH, sAdhuH svakIyAtmaparo mhaatmaa|| ___-bhA.vi.zlo. 2261 gurUpadeza se ananta prANiyoM kA uddhAra hotA hai| patita aura pathabhraSTa bhI sAdhu kA upadeza pAkara unnata ho jAte haiM, sanmArga meM laga jAte haiM, unake sAre jhagar3e dUra ho jAte haiN| jaba gurU itanA patitoddhAraka hai, to phira vaha kyoM na pUjA jAya? usakI bhakti karanA aura unakI vighna-bAdhAoM ko dUra kara apane mArga meM lagAye rakhanA pratyeka prANI kA karttavya hai| jinakA antaraMga aura bahiraMga pavitra haiM, aise sAdhu ke saMyoga se bhavya jIvoM kA apane Apa uddhAra ho jAtA hai| kSaNasthire vastuni mA samIhAM karotu kazcittviti ye vadanti / AdhyAtmikotthAnaparAH prakAzaM, lokAttaraM te vitaranti loke / / -bhA.vi.zlo. 2291 saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha nAzavAna hai| isameM Asakti na rakhanA hI kalyANakArI hai| saMsAra ke uddhAra kI tIvra icchA jinake haiM, ve pUjanIya haiN| ataH gurU ke sampUrNa guNoM meM anurAga karanA, upasarga vighna Adi A jAne para unako dUra karanA hI saccI gurU-bhakti hai| vIrodaya meM gurUbhakti kA mahattva vIrodaya ke prArambha meM hI gurU ke prati sammAna prakaTa kiyA gayA hai aura pratyeka vyakti ko unheM apanA Adarza mAnane, unake prati kRtajJatA

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305 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pUrNa Adara-bhAva rakhane kI zikSA bhI dI gaI hai| jJAnena cAnandamupAzrayantazcaranti ye brahmapathe sajantaH / teSAM gurUNAM sadanugraho'pi kavitvazaktau mama vighnlopii|| 6 / / -viiro.srg.1| jo jJAnAnanda kA Azraya lete hue brahma-patha (AtmakalyANa ke mArga) meM anurakta ho AcaraNa karate haiM, aise jJAnAnanda rUpa brahma-patha ke pathika gurUjanoM kA sat anugraha hI vighnoM kA lopa karane vAlA hai| ratnatraya kA svarUpa vastutaH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra svarUpa AtmA kI pravRtti ratnatraya hai'| binA ratnatraya ko prApta kiye Aja taka kisI na kahIM aura kabhI bhI zuddha cidrUpa ko prApta nahIM kiyaa| dekho tapa ke binA Rddhi, pitA ke binA putrI aura megha ke binA varSA nahIM ho sktii| padmanandipancaviMzatikA ke ekatva saptatti adhikAra (14veM zloka) meM kahA hai ki AtmA kA nizcaya darzana hai, AtmA kA bodha jJAna hai, AtmA meM hI sthiratA cAritra hai- aisA yoga zivapada (mokSamArga) kA kAraNa hai| hataM jJAnaM kriyAhInaM hatA cAjJAninaH kriyaa| dhAvan kilAndhako dagdhaH pazyannapi ca pNgulH|| -tattvArthavArtika pR.14/26 | mokSamArga ke antargata hI AcAryoM ne tattva-cintana kA vivecana tathA AcAra viSayaka siddhAntoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM samyagdarzana ke antargata tattvamImAMsA, samyagjJAna ke antargata jJAnamImAMsA tathA samyakcAritra ke antargata cAritra-mImAMsA samAhita hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra mokSamArga nizcaya se samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra se tanmaya ho, anya paradravya ko na karatA hai, na chor3atA hai, vahI mokSamArga hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jo jIva para padArtha se bhinna AtmasvarUpa meM caraNa karatA hai, use hI

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* vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, vahI samyakacAritra, samyagjJAna aura samyagdarzana hai| ukta tInoM yadi parAzrita hoMge to unase bandha hogA aura yadi svAzrita hoMge to mokSa hogaa| zrI devasenAcArya ne tattvasAra meM kahA hai sasahAvaM vedaMto viccalacitto vimukkaparabhAvo / so jIvo NAyavvo daMsaNa NANaM caritaM ca / / 306 apane svabhAva kA anubhava karatA huA, jo jIva parabhAva ko chor3akara nizcala citta hotA hai, vahI jIva samyagdarzana hai, samyagjJAna hai aura samyagcAritra hai, aisA jAnanA cAhie / ratnatrayI AtmadhyAnI hai -- jo yogI dhyAnastha muni jinendradeva ke matAnusAra ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA karatA hai aura para padArtha kA tyAga karatA hai / vahI AtmadhyAnI hai, isameM sandeha nahIM hai| jJAnI ke darzana, jJAna, cAritra vyavahAra se hai / A. kundakunda ne samayasAra meM kahA hai jJAna ke cAritra, darzana, jJAna- yaha tIna bhAva vyavahAra se kahe jAte haiM, nizcaya se jJAna bhI nahIM hai aura darzana bhI nahIM hai, jJAnI to eka zuddha jJAyaka hI haiM vyavahAreNuvadissadi NANissa carita daMsaNaM NANaM / Na-vi NANaM-Na caritaM Na daMsaNaM jANano suddho / / - samayasAra gA. 7 1 - - samyagdarzana AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM likhA hai ki apane apane svarUpa ke anusAra padArthoM kA jo zraddhAna hotA hai, vaha samyagdarzana hai| jo padArtha jisa rUpa se avasthita hai, usakA usa rUpa honA yahI yahA~ 'tattva' - zabda kA artha hai| jo nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai vaha artha hai 'arthate nizcIyate ityarthaH / yadyapi "darzana"- zabda kA sAmAnya artha Aloka hai, tathApi yahA~ Aloka artha na lekara zraddhAna ko grahaNa kiyA hai| dhAtuoM ke aneka artha hote haiN| yahA~ "dRz" - dhAtu kA artha zraddhAna gRhaNa kiyA gayA hai| -

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 307 tattvArthoM kA zraddhAna rUpa jo AtmA kA pariNAma hai vahI mokSa kA sAdhana hai, kyoMki vaha bhavyoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai, kintu Aloka, cakSu Adi ke nimitta se jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha sAdhAraNataH saba saMsAriyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ataH use mokSamArga mAnanA yukta nahIM hai| A. kundakunda ne likhA hai ki jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, (puNya-pApa) saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ko yathArtha rUpa meM jAnanA samyaktva hai| bhUyatyeNAbhigadA jIvAjIvA ya puNNapAvaM c| Asava saMvaraNijjarabaMdho mokkho ya sammattaM / / -samayasAra.gA. 131 AcArya samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki satyArtha athavA mokSa ke kAraNa svarUpa deva, zAstra gurU kA ATha aMga sahita, tIna mUr3hatA aura ATha mada rahita zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| zrI umAsvAmI ne zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki tIrthakara paramadeva ko deva mAnanA, dayAmaya dharma ko dharma mAnanA aura nirgrantha gurU ko gurU mAnanA samyagdarzana hai| svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA hai ki - jo logoM ke praznoM ke vaza se aura vyavahAra ko calAne ke lie saptabhaMgI ke dvArA niyama se anekAMtAtmaka tattva kA zraddhAna karatA hai, jo Adara ke sAtha jIva-ajIva Adi nau prakAra ke padArthoM ko zrutajJAna se aura nayoM se acchI taraha jAnatA hai, vaha zuddha samyagdRSTi hai| jo taccamaNeyaMtaM NiyamA saddahadi sttaNgehiN| loyANa paNhavasado vvhaarpvttnnddheN-c|| 10 / / jo AyareNa maNNadi jIvAjIvAdi Nava-vihaM atthaM / sudaNANeNa Naehi ya so saddiTaThI have suddho|| 11 / / zrI amRtacandrasUri ne kahA hai ki - jIva-ajIva Adi sAta tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa kA viparIta abhiniveza se rahita sadA hI zraddhAna karanA cAhie; kyoMki vaha AtmA kA svarUpa hai| jIvAjIdInAM tattvArthAnAM sadaiva karttavyam / zradvAnaM viparItAbhiniveza viviktamAtmarUpaM tat / / 22 / /

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308 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yazastilaka campU meM kahA gayA hai ki - antaraMga aura bahiraMga kAraNoM ke milane para Apta (deva) zAstra aura padArthoM kA tIna mUr3hatA rahita, ATha aMga sahita jo zraddhAna hotA hai, use samyagdarzana kahate haiM, yaha samyagdarzana prazama, saMvega Adi guNoM vAlA hotA hai| AptAgama-padArthAnAM zradvAnaM kAraNadvayAt / mUDhAdyapoDhamaSTAMgaM samyaktvaM prazamAdi bhAk / / 48 / / zrI vasunandi AcArya ne likhA hai - Apta, Agama aura tattvAdikoM kA jo zaMkAdi doSoM se rahita nirmala zraddhAna haiM, use hI samyaktva jAnanA cAhiye) attAgama-taccANaM jaM saddahaNaM suNimmalaM hoi| saMkAido sa rahiyaM taM sammattaM muNeyavvaM / / 6 / / -vsunndii.shraa.| caritrasAra meM zrIcAmuDaMrAya jI ne likhA hai ki - bhagavAna arhanta parameSThI ke dvArA upadiSTa nirgrantha lakSaNa mokSamArga meM zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| zrI zubhacandrAcArya ne kahA hai - yajjIvAdipadArthAnAM zraddhAnaM tddhidrshnm| nisargeNAdhigatyA vA tadbhavyasyaiva jAyate / / 6 / / -jJAnArNava.pR. 86 / jIvAdi padArthoM kA zraddhAna karanA hI niyama se samyagdarzana hai| vaha samyagdarzana nisarga se athavA adhigama se bhavya jIvoM ke hI utpanna hotA hai, abhavyoM ke nhiiN| zrI nemicandrAcArya ne likhA hai - ... jIvAdisaddahaNaM sammattaM rUvamappaNo taM tu| durabhiNivesavimukkaM NANaM khu hodi sadi jahi / / 41|| jIvAdi padArthoM kA zraddhAna karanA samyaktva hai, vaha samyaktva AtmA kA svarUpa hai tathA isa samyaktva ke hone para jJAna durabhinivezoM (saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya) se rahita samyak ho jAtA hai| uparyukta

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309 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lakSaNoM para dRSTipAta karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki samyagdarzana ke cAra pramukha kAraNa hai| 1. tattvArtha kA zraddhAna krnaa| 2. sacce deva, gurU, dharma kA zraddhAna krnaa| 3. apanA aura para kA yathArtha svarUpa jaannaa| 4. nija svarUpa kA nizcaya krnaa| vIrodaya meM samyaktva svarUpa - utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvya ke uddharaNa se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai - syUtiH parAbhUtiriva dhravatvaM paryAyatastasya yadekatattvam / notpadyate nazyati nApi vastu sattvaM sdaitdviddhtsmstu|| 16 / / __-viiro.srg.19| jaise paryAya kI apekSA vastu meM syUti (utpatti) aura parAbhUti (vipatti yA vinAza) pAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra dravya kI apekSA dhruvapanA bhI usakA eka tattva hai, jo ki utpatti aura vinAza meM barAbara anusyUta rahatA hai| usakI apekSA vastu na utpanna hotI hai aura na vinaSTa hotI hai| isa prakAra utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya- ina tInoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlI vastu ko yathArtha samyaktva svarUpa mAnanA caahiye| samyagjJAna padArtha ke rANArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA samyagjJAna hai| nizcaya naya se samyagjJAna AtmA kA nija svarUpa hai| yaha sva-para prakAzaka hai aura sadaiva saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita hotA hai| samyaktva ke dvArA dRSTi kI zuddhatA ho jAne aura Apta, Agama tathA tatvArtha kA sat zraddhAna ho jAne ke bAda mokSamArga para Age bar3hane ke lie dUsarI sAdhanA samyagjJAna kI hai| samyagdarzana hone ke bAda hI jJAna meM samyak-rUpatA AtI hai| isalie samyagdarzana ke bAda jJAnArAdhanA kA krama batAyA gayA hai| darzana aura jJAna meM atyanta sUkSma antara hai, jise kAraNa

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310 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana aura kArya kA sambandha kahA jA sakatA hai| jaise ghana-paTala ke dUra hote hI sUrya kA pratApa aura prakAza prakaTa ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra AtmA se mohAndhakAra haTate hI darzana aura jJAna prakaTa ho jAte haiN| samyagjJAna kA pratipAdana karate hue A. samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai ki vastu-svarUpa kA anyUna, anatirikta, yAthAtathya, viparItatA tathA saMdeha rahita jJAna samyagjJAna hai| A. amRtacandra ne likhA hai ki jinhoMne samyaktva kA Azraya liyA hai, jo Atmahita ke icchuka haiM, unheM Agama kI AmnAya aura pramANa-naya rUpa yukti se prayatna pUrvaka vastu-svarUpa kA vicAra kara nitya hI samyagjJAna kI upAsanA karanI caahie| yadyapi samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana ke sAtha hI utpanna hotA hai, phira bhI donoM meM dIpaka aura prakAza kI taraha kAraNa aura kArya kA bheda hai| isalie vastu ke anekAntAtmaka svarUpa ko saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya rahita jAnane kA adhyavasAya karanA caahie| zrI nemicandrasUri ne likhA hai ki apane ko aura para ko ThIka-ThIka jAnanA (saMzaya, vimoha aura bhrama se rahita vastu ke svarUpa ko pahacAnanA) samyagjJAna hai| saMzaya-vimoha-bibhrama-vivajjiyaM app-prsruuvss| grahaNaM sammaNNANaM sAyAramaNeyabheyaM tu|| -dravyasaMgraha. gA. 421 zrAvakAcAra sAroddhAra meM kahA hai ki jo jIvoM ko trikAla aura trijagata meM tattvoM ke heya aura upAdeya kA prakAza karatA hai, vaha samyagjJAna hai| vIrodaya meM samyagjJAna - kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - labheta muktiM paramAtmabuddhiH samantataH sampratipadya shuddhim| ityuktilezena sa gautamo'tra babhUva sadyo'pyupalabdhagotraH / / 28 / / -viiro.srg:14|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 311 paramAtma-buddhi vAlA jIva sarva prakAra ke antaraMga aura bAhya zuddhi ko prApta kara arthAt dravyakarma (jJAnAvaraNAdi) bhAvakarma (rAga-dveSAdi) aura nokarma (zarIrAdi) se rahita hokara mukti prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna ke alpavacanoM se hI gautama zIghra samyagjJAna ko prApta kara sanmArga ko prApta huaa| samyagcAritra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kI sAdhanA ke bAda samyagcAritra kI ArAdhanA mokSamArga ko prApta karane ke lie anivArya hai| vAstava meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra- ye tInoM milakara mokSamArga haiM, pRthak-pRthak nhiiN| AcArya samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki moha-timira ke naSTa hone para samyagdarzana ke lAbha se jise samyagjJAna prApta ho gayA hai, aisA sAdhu (samyagdRSTi) rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti ke lie cAritra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti se hiMsAdi kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| mohatimirApaharaNe drshnlaabhaadvaaptsNjnyaanH| rAgadveSanivRtyai caraNaM pratipadyate saadhuH|| . -ratna.zrA.zlo. 47 | rAgadveSanivRtte-hiMsAdinivartanA kRtA bhvti| -ratna.zrA.zlo. 48 / dArzanika dRSTi se samyagdarzana mohanIya karma kI darzana-mohanIya prakRti ke dUra hone para hotA hai| samyagdarzana kI prApti ke bAda cAritra-mohanIya kI nivRtti ke lie prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti se hiMsA Adi kI nivRtti svataH ho jAtI hai| hiMsA, anRta, corI, maithuna aura parigraha ko pApa kI praNAlikA (nAlI) samajhanA caahie| inase virata honA cAritra hai| hiMsAnRtacauryebhyo maithunasevA-parigrahAbhyAM c| pApapraNAlikAbhyo viratiH saMjJasya caaritrm|| -ratna.zrA.zlo.491

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312 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jaina AcAryoM ne cAritra ke do bheda kiye haiN| samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki cAritra sakala aura vikala ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| sarvasaMga-virata (parigraha rahita) anagAroM ke lie sakalacAritra hai tathA sasaMga (parigraha yukta) sAgAroM (gRhasthoM) ke lie vikalacAritra hai| sakalaM vikalaM caraNaM tatsakalaM srvsNgvirtaanaam| anagArANAM vikalaM sAgArANAM sasaMgAnAm / / -ratna.zrA.zlo. 501 svAmIkArtikeya ne likhA hai ki sarvajJa ke dvArA upadiSTa dharma do prakAra kA hai - eka to parigrahAsakta gRhasthoM kA aura dUsarA parigraha rahita muniyoM kaa| teNuvaiTTho dhammo saMgAsattANa taha asNgaannN| vasunandi ne bhI sAgara aura anagAra ke bheda se dharma (cAritra) do prakAra kA batAyA hai| __somadeva ne likhA hai ki adharma kAryoM se nivRtti aura dharma-kAryoM meM pravRtti hone ko cAritra kahate haiN| vaha sAgAra aura anagAra ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| sAgAra kA cAritra deza-cAritra tathA anagAra kA cAritra sarvacAritra kahalAtA hai| jinake citta sadvicAroM se yukta haiM, ve hI cAritra kA pAlana kara sakate haiN| jisameM svarga yA mokSa kisI ko bhI prApta kara sakane kI yogyatA nahIM hai, vaha na to dezacAritra hI pAlana kara sakatA hai aura na sarvacAritra hI pAla sakatA hai| samyagdarzana se acchI gati milatI hai| samyagjJAna se saMsAra meM yaza phailatA hai| samyagcAritra se sammAna prApta hotA hai aura tInoM se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai - samyaktvAt sugatiH proktA jnyaanaatkiirtidaahRtaa| vRttAtpUjAmavApnoti trayAcca labhate zivam / / tattvoM meM rUci kA honA samyagdarzana hai| tattvoM kA kathana kara sakanA samyagjJAna hai aura samasta kriyAoM ko chor3akara atyanta udAsIna

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 313 ho jAnA samyakcAritra hai| samyakcAritra agni hai, samyagjJAna upAya hai tathA samyaktva rasauSadhi hai| ina sabake milane para AtmA-rUpI pArada dhAtu acchI taraha siddha ho jAtI hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai ki AtmasvarUpa meM caraNa karanA so cAritra hai| sva samaya meM pravRtti karanA yaha usakA tAtparya hai aura yahI vastu kA svabhAva hone se dharma hai| zuddha caitanya kA prakAza karanA isakA artha hai, vahI yathAvasthita Atma-gurU hone se sAmya hai aura sAmya darzana-mohanIya tathA cAritra-mohanIya ke udaya se utpanna hone vAle samasta moha aura kSobha ke abhAva ke kAraNa atyanta nirvikAra jIva kA pariNAma hai| AcArya kundakunda kA kahanA hai ki jJAna aura apratihata darzana ye jIva ke ananya svabhAva haiN| inameM nizcala aura anindita astitva cAritra hai - jIva-sahAvaM NANaM appaDihada-dasaNaM aNaNNamayaM / cariyaM ca tesu NiyadaM atthitta-maNiMdiyaM bhaNiyaM / / __-paMcA.gA.1541 jIva jise jAnatA hai, vaha jJAna hai, jise dekhatA hai vaha darzana hai| jJAna aura darzana ke saMyoga se cAritra hotA hai| jIva ke ye jJAnAdi tInoM bhAva akSaya tathA abhedya hote haiM - jaM jANaha taM NANaM jaM picchai taM ca daMsaNaM bhaNiyaM / NANasya picchiyassa ca samavaNNA hoI caarittN|| -cA.prA.gA.341 jIva ke cAritra haiM, darzana hai, jJAna hai, yaha vyavahAra se kahA jAtA hai| vAstava meM jIva na jJAna hai, na cAritra hai, na darzana hai| yaha to zuddha svarUpa hai| sAdhu purUSa ko ratnatraya kI nitya ArAdhanA karanI caahie| nizcaya se ye tInoM tathA AtmA eka hI hai - dasaNaNANacarittANi sevidavvANi sAhuNA nniccN| tANi puNa jANa tiNNi vi appANaM ceva nnicchydo|| -samaya.gA. 161

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314 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nemicandra sUri ne likhA hai ki ratnatraya (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra) AtmA ke pariNAma hai, ye anya dravya meM nahIM hote| isalie ina tInoM se yukta AtmA hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai - rayaNattayaM Na vaTTai appANaM muittu aNNadaviyamhi / tamhA tattiyamaiu hodi mokkhassa kAraNaM aadaa|| 40 / / -dravyasaMgraha isa prakAra ratnatraya ko pAkara hI yaha jIva zreSTha gati ko prApta karatA hai| vIrodaya meM samyagcAritra sadAcaraNa ko AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara ne nimna binduoM ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| yathA - vRddhAnupeyAdanuvRttabuddhayA'nujAn samaM svena vahet trishuddhyaa| kamapyupeyAnna kadAcanAnyaM mnussytaamevmiyaadvdaanyH|| 8 / / -vIro.sarga. 171 buddhimAnoM ko cAhie ki apane se bar3e vRddha janoM ke sAtha anukUla AcaraNa kareM, apane se choToM ko tana, mana, dhana se sahAyatA pahu~cAyeM, kisI bhI manuSya ko dUsarA na smjheN| sabhI ko apanA kuTumba mAnakara unake sAtha uttama vyavahAra kreN| saMyamAcaraNa ke lie mana va indriyoM para vijaya Avazyaka hai abhivAMchasi cedAtman satkartuM saMyamadrumam / nairAzyanigaDenaitanmanomarkaTamAdhara / / 43 / / -vIro.sarga. 111 he Atman! yadi tuma saMyama-rUpa vRkSa kI surakSA karanA cAhate ho, to apane isa mana-rUpa markaTa (bandara) ko nirAzA-rUpI sAMkala se acchI taraha jakar3a kara baaNdho|

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315 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana puNya-pApa vivecanA jainadharma meM puNya aura pApa ko sAta tattvoM ke sAtha ginakara nava padArtha kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| puNya aura pApa kA nirdhAraNa zubha aura azubha kI avadhAraNA para AdhArita hai tathA zubha aura azubha kA nirdhAraNa karmasiddhAnta ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karmoM ko zubha aura azubha, aise do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zubha karma puNya kA aura azubha karma pApa kA kAraNa hai| yathAsuhapariNAmo puNNaM asuho pAvaM ti havadi jiivss| ___ "zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya" - ta.sU.a.6 sUtra-3 puNya aura pApa saMsArI jIva kI apekSA se hI nirdhArita kiye jAte haiN| mokSa kI dRSTi se donoM hI bandhana ke kAraNa hone se tyAjya hai| A. kundakunda ne likhA hai ki jisa prakAra lohe kI ber3I purUSa ko bA~dhatI hai aura suvarNa kI bhI bA~dhatI hai, usI prakAra zubha-azubha karma jIva ko bAMdhatA hai| prazasta rAga, anukampA aura kAluSya-hInatA puNya ke kAraNa haiN| rAgo jassa pasattho aNukaMpA-saMsido ya prinnaamo| cittahmi Natthi kalusaM puNNaM jIvassa aasvdi|| --paMcA. gA. 135 / pramAda bahula pravRtti, kaluSatA, viSayoM kI lolupatA, dUsaroM ko saMtApa denA, dUsaroM kA apavAda karanA, AhAra Adi saMjJAe~, kRSNa Adi tIna lezyAe~, pa~cendriyoM kI parAdhInatA, Arta-raudradhyAna, asatkArya meM prayukta jJAna aura moha- ye saba pApaprada haiN| dharma-rUpa pariNata AtmA zuddhopayoga yukta hone para nirvANa-sukha ko tathA zubhopayoga yukta hone para svarga-sukha ko pAtA hai| azubha ke udaya se AtmA kutsita nara, tiryanca nArakI hokara hajAroM duHkhoM se dukhI hotA huA sadA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai|

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316 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dhammeNa pariNadappA appA jadi suddhsNpyogjudo| pAvadi NivvANasuhaM suhovajutto va sggsuhN|| -prava.sA.gA. 11| asuhodayeNa AdA kuNaro tiriyo bhavIya nneriyo| dukkhasahassehiM sadA abhidhudo bhamadi acvaMtaM / / - prava.sA.gA. 121 jaba AtmA rAga-dveSa se yukta hokara zubha yA azubha kAryoM meM pravRtta hotA hai, taba karma rUpI dhUla jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa meM usameM praveza karatI hai| paraNamadi jadA appA suhammi asuhammi raagdosjudo| taM pavisadi kammassa NANAvaraNAdi - bhAvehiM / / AcArya samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki pApa-puNya ke sambandha meM ekAntatA nahIM haiM jo aisA mAnate haiM ki mAtra para ko duHkha dene se pApa tathA sukha dene se puNya hotA hai, to yaha sahI siddhAnta nahIM hai, kyoMki jaba para meM sukha-duHkha kA utpAdana hI puNya-pApa kA eka mAtra kAraNa hotA hai, to phira dUdha-malAI tathA viSa kaNTAdika, acetana padArtha jo dUsaroM ke sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa banate haiM, unheM koI puNya-pApa ke bandha/kartA nahIM maantaa| kAMTA paira meM cubha kara dUsare ko dukha utpanna karatA hai, itane mAtra se use koI pApI nahIM kahatA aura na pApa phaladAyaka karma-paramANu hI usase Akara cipaTate athavA bandha ko prApta hote haiN| isI taraha dUdha-malAI bahutoM ko Ananda pradAna karate haiM, parantu unake isa Ananda se dUdha-malAI puNyAtmA nahIM kahe jAte aura unameM puNya phaladAyaka karma paramANuoM kA na aisA koI praveza athavA saMyoga hI hotA hai, jisakA phala inheM bAda meM bhoganA pdd'e| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki cetana hI bandha ke yogya hote haiM, acetana nahIM to phira kaSAya rahita vItarAgiyoM ke viSaya meM Apatti ko kaise TAlA jAyegA? ve bhI aneka prakAra se dUsaroM ke sukha-dukha ke kAraNa banate haiN| jaise- kisI sumukSa ko muni dIkSA dete haiM, to usake aneka sambandhiyoM ko duHkha pahu~catA hai| ziSyoM tathA janatA

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ko zikSA dete haiM, to usake aneka sambandhiyoM ko sukha pahu~catA hai / pUrNa sAvadhAnI ke sAtha IryApatha zodha kara calate hue bhI kabhI - kabhI dRSTipatha se haTa kara koI jIva acAnaka kUda kara paira tale A jAtA hai aura paira se daba kara mara jAtA hai| kAryotsarga pUrvaka dhyAnAvasthA meM sthita hone para bhI yadi koI jIva tejI se Akara unake zarIra se TakarA jAtA hai aura mara jAtA hai to isa taraha bhI usa jIva ke mArga meM bAdhaka hone se ve usake duHkhI hone ke kAraNa banate haiN| aise aura bhI aneka udAharaNa haiM, jinameM ve dUsaroM ke sukha-dukha ke kAraNa banate haiN| yadi dUsaroM ke sukha-dukha kA nimitta kAraNa banane se hI AtmA meM puNya-pApa kA Asrava - bandha hotA hai, to phira aisI sthiti meM kaSAya rahita sAdhu kaise puNya - pApa ke bandhana se mukta ho sakate haiM ? yadi ve puNya-pApa ke bandhana meM par3ate haiM to mokSa kI koI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakatI, kyoMki bandha kA mUla kAraNa kaSAya hai aura akaSAya-bhAva mokSa kA kAraNa hai / 317 yahA~ para yadi kahA jAe ki una sAdhuoM (akaSAya jIvoM) ko dUsare ko sukha - duHkha dene kA abhiprAya nahIM hotA, isalie dUsaroM kI sukha - duHkha kI sthiti meM nimitta kAraNa hone se ve bandha ko prApta nahIM hote, to isa prakAra yaha kahanA ki dUsaroM ke mAtra sukha-dukha se puNya-pApa kA Asrava hotA hai, asatya hai / phira apane meM bhI mAtra sukha-dukha se puNya-pApa nahIM hotA / vahA~ abhiprAya kA honA anivArya hai / ina sabakA artha yaha hai ki abhiprAya ko lie hue duHkha-sukha kA utpAdana puNya-pApa kA hetu hai / abhiprAya vihIna duHkha-sukha kA utpAdana puNya-pApa kA hetu nahIM hai / pApaM dhruvaM pare duHkhAt puNyaM hi sukhato yadi / acetanAkaSAyau ca advaiyAtAM nimittataH / / puNyaM dhruvaM svato duHkhAt pApaM ca sukhato yadi / vItarAgo munirviddhAstAbhyAM yuMyAnnimittataH / / sukha - duHkha cAhe apane ko utpanna kiye jAye aura cAhe para ko, yadi vizuddhi (zubha pariNAmoM) athavA saMkleza se paidA hote haiM yA una pariNAmoM ke janaka haiM, to usase kramazaH puNyAsrava aura pApAsrava hotA hai|

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318 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yathArtha meM puNya aura pApa apane ko yA para ko sukha-dukha pahuMcAne mAtra se nahIM hotA hai, apitu apane zubhAzubha pariNAmoM para unakA honA nirbhara karatA hai| jo sukha-dukha zubha pariNAmoM se janya hai, yA unake janaka haiM, unase puNya kA Asrava hotA hai aura jo azubha pariNAmoM se janya yA unake janaka haiM, ve niyama se pApAsrava ke kAraNa haiN| yahI vastu-vyavasthA hai| puNya aura pApa kI isa saiddhAntika avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para AcAryoM ne zarIra, vacana aura mana kI pravRttiyoM kA zubha aura azubha ke rUpa meM vargIkaraNa kiyA hai aura unheM puNya yA pApa ke bandha kA kAraNa kahA hai| A. samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki yoga ke zubha aura azubha do bheda haiN| ahiMsAdi zubha kArya rAga haiN| satya bolanA, mita bolanA, hitakArI bolanA Adi zubha vAkyoga hai| pA~coM parameSThiyoM meM bhakti rakhanA zubha manoyoga hai| inake viparIta tIna taraha ke azubha yoga haiN| prANa lenA, corI karanA, maithuna Adi azubha kAyayoga haiN| jhUTha, kaThora, asabhya bhASaNa karanA azubha vAkyoga hai| vadha cintana, IrSyA Adi azubha manoyoga se saMcAlita hote haiN| ataH pApabandha hotA hai| vIrodaya meM bhI puNya-pApa kA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA gayA hai - arthAnmanaskAramaye pradhAnamaghaM saghaM saMkalituM nidAnam / vaidyo bhavedbhuktirUdheva dhanyaH sampoSayan khaTTikako jaghanyaH / / 16 / / -vIro.sarga. 161 jIva kA mAnasika abhiprAya hI pApa karane yA nahIM karane meM pradhAna kAraNa hai| rogI ko laMghana karAne vAlA vaidya dhanya hai, vaha puNya kA upArjaka hai kintu bakare ko khilA-pilA kara puSTa karane vAlA khaTIka jaghanya hai| pApI hai| karma siddhAnta pratyeka karma kA phala avazya hotA hai| cAhe hameM isakA jJAna ho yA nhiiN| jIva janma se maraNa taka jitane karma karatA hai una sabakA phala isI jIvana meM pAnA kaThina hai| isalie punarjanma kI vyavasthA hai| mAnava

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319 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ko apane karmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie bAra-bAra janma lenA par3atA hai| jaba taka karma nahIM kaTate taba taka use bAra-bAra janma lekara phala bhoganA par3atA hai| isa taraha jIva kA karmacakra, janma-maraNa ke rUpa meM calatA rahatA hai| isI ko karma-siddhAnta kahate haiN| karmabandhana se chUTe bagaira AtmA mukta nahIM hotaa| saMsArI jIvoM ke rAga-dveSarUpa pariNAma hote haiN| una parimANoM se naye karma baMdhate haiN| karmoM se gatiyoM meM janma lenA par3atA hai| janma lene se zarIra milatA hai| zarIra meM indriyA~ hotI haiM, indriyoM se viSaya grahaNa karate haiN| viSaya grahaNa karane se iSTa viSayoM se rAga aura aniSTa viSayoM se dveSa hotA hai| isa prakAra saMsArI jIvoM ke bhAvoM ke karmabandha se rAgadveSarUpa bhAva rahate haiN| isI se jIva anAdi kAla se mUrtika karmoM se baMdhA hai, jisase vaha amUrtika hote hue bhI mUrtika banA rahatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki karma apanA phala svayaM dete haiN| jaise - zarAba pIne para nazA svayaM hotA hai| karma karate samaya yadi jIva kA bhAva zuddha hotA hai, to baMdhane vAle karma paramANuoM para acchA prabhAva par3atA hai| unakA phala bhI zubha hotA hai aura yadi bhAva azuddha hue to phala azubha hotA hai| jisa taraha mana ke kSobha kA prabhAva bhojana para par3atA hai, bhojana ThIka se nahIM pacatA hai, usI taraha mAnasika bhAvoM kA prabhAva acetana vastuoM para par3atA hai| sAmAnyataH karmoM meM bheda nahIM hai kintu dravya tathA bhAva kI apekSA se karma ke do bheda haiN| jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa pudagala kA piMDa dravyakarma hai aura isa dravyapiMDa meM phala dene kI jo zakti hai vaha bhAva karma hai| vIrodaya meM karma siddhAnta - vIrodaya meM eka uddharaNa dvArA karmasiddhAnta ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaise- suvarNa-pASANa meM suvarNa aura kITa-kAlimAdi sammizraNa anAdi-siddha hai, kabhI kisI ne una donoM ko milAyA nahIM hai kintu anAdi se ve svayaM donoM hI mile cale A rahe haiN| vaise hI jar3a pudagala aura cetana jIva kA vicitra sambandha bhI anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai| yahI karma siddhAnta hai|

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320 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tayostu sammizraNamasti yatra kalaMkahemoccayayorvicitram / hemAzmanIvedamanAdisiddha saMsAramAkhyAti dhiyA samiddhaH / / 21 / / -vIro.sarga. 181 sandarbha - 1. upAsakA, zloka, 491 2. kA. pR. 3021 3. le. DaoN. sudarzanalAla jaina, deva, zAstra aura gurU a. 1. pR. 6 / 4. upAsakAdhyayana, kalpa 3 | 5. le. DaoN. sudarzana lAla jaina, deva, zAstra aura gurU a. 2. pR. 27 /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 321 pariccheda - 3 sadAcAra evaM zAkAhAra jIvana zailI bhAratIya darzana ne Antarika zuddhi para bahuta jora diyA hai aura AhAra ko Antarika zuddhi kA AdhAra mAnA hai| bhArata meM hI ahiMsA kI jyoti jalI aura bha. buddha evaM bha. mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ne usa jyoti ko sAre saMsAra meM phailaayaa| bhAratIya janatA jisa kRSNa ke pIche pAgala huI vaha gopAla kRSNa hI hai, gAyoM ke pAsa bAMsurI bajAne vaalaa| yoga darzana ke pravartaka pataMjali RSi ne ahiMsA ko aSTAMga yoga kA aMga mAnA hai| unhoMne kRta, kArita aura anumodanA tIna prakAra kI pramukha hiMsA mAnI hai| kRta svayaM apane dvArA, kArita jise dUsaroM dvArA karavAyA gayA ho, aura anumodita vaha jise svayaM to nahIM kiyA ho, para usameM mauna anumodana ho|' ____ zAkAhAra eka atyanta suvikasita mAnavIya jIvana-paddhati hai, jisameM pratikSaNa vikAsa kA svara mukharita hotA rahatA hai| yaha vaha pavitra dharAtala hai, jisa para sAdhu santa mahAtmA aura satpurUSoM kA janma hotA hai| jinake dvArA zAnti, sadAcAra, paropakAra evaM bhAIcAre kI komala niHsvArtha bhAvanAoM kA sandeza jana-jana taka pravAhita hotA rahatA hai| isameM andara aura bAhara donoM hI prakAra se sahaja vAtsalya kA jharanA jharatA rahatA hai| zAkAhAra meM sAga-sabjI evaM phaloM ke alAvA gehU~, jau, canA, jvAra, makkA dAleM, masAle ye saba Ate haiN| ahiMsA praNAlI para AdhArita eka paripUrNa bhojana vyavasthA kA nAma zAkAhAra hai| Aja hamArA deza aura saMskRti zAkAhAra kI guNavattA kA tyAga kara mAMsAhAra ko sthApita karane meM saceSTa hai| yaha kadama hamArI sukha, zAnti aura samRddhi ke lie AtmaghAtI hai| mAMsAhAra hiMsA kA vikarAla aura dila dahalAne vAlA vIbhatsa kuA~ hai, jisameM mRtyu rUpI rAkSasa apanI lapalapAtI jivhA se hamAre deza ke pazudhana ko nigala rahA hai|

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322 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana madirA-pAna bhI eka aisI burAI hai, jisameM ananta jIvoM kA ghAta to hotA hI hai, nazAkAraka hone se vaha viveka ko bhI naSTa karatI hai| ataH mAMsAhAra ke samAna madirApAna kA niSedha bhI Avazyaka hai| vIrodaya meM zAkAhAra-mahattva va mAMsAhAra-tyAga varNana zAkAhAra-mahattva va mAMsAhAra-tyAga kA vivecana adhyAya tRtIya meM gRhastha-dharma va muni-dharma ke varNana ke antargata vistRta rUpa se kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ mAMsAhAra tyAga se yaha samajhanA cAhie ki jo viSayoM ke lolupI haiM ve jIva-hiMsA ko svIkAra karate haiM aura jo pavitra mana vAle buddhimAna mAnava haiM, ve ahiMsA bhagavatI kI AjJA pAlakara indriya viSayoM ko jIta kara sarvAtma-priya bana jAte haiN| A. amRtacandra ne purUSArthasiddhayupAya meM aneka yuktiyoM se mAMsAhAra kA niSedha kiyA hai| na binA prANivighAtAnmAMsasyotpattiriSyate yasmAt / mAMsaM bhajatastasmAt prasaratyanivAritA hiNsaa|| 65 / / yadapi kila bhavati mAMsaM svayameva mRtasya mahiSavRSabhAdeH / tatrApi bhavati hiMsA tadAzritanigotanimarthanAt / / 66 || AmAsvapi pakvAsvapi vipacyAmAnAsu maaNspeshiissu| sAtatyenotpAdastajjAtInAM nigotAnAm / / 67 / / -puruu.si.u.| ___jaina paribhASA ke anusAra trasa jIvoM ke zarIra ke aMza kA nAma hI mAMsa hai| do indriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIva "trasa" kahalAte haiN| trasa jIvoM ke ghAta se mAMsa kI utpatti hotI hai| kaccI, pakkI athavA paka rahI mAMsa-peziyoM meM nirantara hI ananta tajjAtIya nigodiyA jIva utpanna hote rahate haiN| ataH mAMsa khAne meM na kevala eka jIva kI hiMsA hotI hai, apitu ananta jIvoM kI hiMsA kA pApa hotA hai| bhAratIya RSi-muni, kapila, vyAsa, pANinI, pataMjali, zaMkarAcArya

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323 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AryabhaTTa Adi sabhI mahApurUSa, islAmI sUphI saMta, 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ke upadezaka mahAtmA buddha, bha. mahAvIra, mahAtmA gAMdhI sabhI zuddha zAkAhArI the| sabhI ne mAMsAhAra kA virodha kiyA hai, kyoMki zuddha buddhi va Adha yAtmikatA mAMsAhAra se sambhava nahIM hai| ataH zAkAhAra ke mahattva ko samajha kara hama pUrNataH zuddha zAkAhArI baneM aura parivAra ko bhI zAkAhArI bnaayeN| zuddha sAtvika sadAcArI jIvana ke binA sukha-zAnti prApta honA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH jo Atmika zAnti tathA AtmAnubhUti pAnA cAhate haiM, unakA jIvana sAtvika aura sadAcArI honA cAhie, kyoMki jIvana meM sukha-zAnti zAkAhAra se hI pAyI jA sakatI hai| purUSArtha-catuSTaya ___ bhAratIya dharmoM meM cAra purUSArtha mAne gaye haiM, 1. dharma, 2. artha, 3. kAma aura 4. mokSa / jainadharma meM bhI ye cAroM mAnya haiN| mokSa ko sarvazreSTha aura antima rUpa se prApya mAnA hai| gRhastha jIvana meM Adi ke tIna purUSArthoM ko saMtulita rUpa meM apanAyA jAye to mokSa purUSArtha bhI sadha sakatA hai| dharmArthakAmamokSANAM trivargo yadi sevyte| anargalamataH sauravyamapavarganukramAt / / 10 / / ___-puruu.si.u.| A. amRtacandra ne to apane grantha kA nAma hI purUSArthasiddhayupAya rakhA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki jaba yaha jIva samasta vivoM ko urtIrNa karake acala caitanya ko prApta hotA hai tabhI vaha samyak purUSArthasiddhi ko prApta kara kRtakRtya hotA hai| viparIta abhiniveza ko dUra kara Atmatattva ko samyak prakAra nizcaya kara usa para avicala rahanA hI purUSArtha-siddhi kA upAya hai| sarvavivartAttIrNa sadA sa caitnymclmaapnoti| bhavati tadA kRtakRtyaH samyakapurUSArthasiddhimApannaH / / 11 / / -puruu.si.u.|

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324 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana viparItAbhinivezaM nirasya samyagvyavasya nijatattvam / yattasmAdavicalanaM sa eva purUSArthasiddhiyupAyo'yam / / 15 / / ___-puruu.si.u.| dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ye cAroM do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita haiN| eka ora dharma aura artha, tathA dUsarI ora kAma aura mokSa haiN| kAma kA artha hai - sAMsArika sukha aura mokSa kA artha hai sAMsArika sukha, dukha va bandhanoM se mukti! ina do paraspara virodhI purUSArthoM kA sAdhana dharma hai aura dharma se tAtparya una zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanAoM se hai, jinake dvArA mokSa kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka cArvAka mata hI aisA hai, jisane artha dvArA kAma purUSArtha kI siddhi ko hI jIvana kA antima dhyeya mAnA hai; kyoMki usa mata ke anasAra zarIra se bhinna jIva jaisA koI pRthak tattva hI nahIM hai| isIliye isa mata ko nAstika kahA gayA hai| vedAnta, vaidika, jaina, bauddha jaise avaidika darzanoM ne jIva ko zarIra se bhinna eka zAzvata tattva svIkAra kiyA hai aura isIlie ye mata Astika kahe gaye haiM tathA ina matoM ke anusAra jIva kA antima purUSArtha kAma na hokara mokSa hai, jisakA sAdhana dharma ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isI zreSThatA ke kAraNa use cAroM purUSArthoM meM prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai aura mokSa kI carama purUSArthatA ko sUcita karane ke lie use anta meM rakhA gayA hai| artha aura kAma ye donoM sAdhana haiN| (sAdhya jIvana ke madhya kI avasthAe~ haiM) isIlie inakA sthAna purUSArthoM ke madhya meM hai| vIrodaya meM purUSArtha catuSTaya - ko kavi ne kevalajJAna hone para bhagavAna ke caturmukha dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa rUpa purUSa ke hitakAraka cAroM prazasta purUSArthoM ko sarva prANiyoM se kahane ke lie hI mAnoM vIra bhagavAn ne caturmukhatA ko dhAraNa kiyA hai - dharmArthakAmAmRtasambhidastAn pravaktumarthAn purUSasya shstaan| babhAra vIrazcaturAnanatvaM hitaM prakartuM prati sarvasattvam / / 43 / / -vIro.sarga. 121

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 325 parantu anya darzanoM meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - dIpo yathA nirvattimabhyupetau naivAvaniM gacchati nAntarikSam / dizaM na kAMcida vidizaM na kAMcitsnehakSayAtkevalameti zAntim / / azvaghoSa ne likhA hai ki bujhA huA dIpaka na to pRthvI meM jAtA hai, na antarikSa meM, na kisI dizA meM, na vidizA meM, kintu taila ke samApta ho jAne se zAnta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra nirvANa ko prApta vyakti bhI na to pRthvI meM jAtA hai, na antarikSa meM, na kisI dizA meM, na kisI vidizA meM, kintu kleza ke kSaya ho jAne para zAnti ko prApta ho jAtA hai| sAMkhyoM kI taraha jaina-paramparA meM purUSa yA AtmA ko sarvathA abaddha nahIM mAnA hai| saMsArI avasthA meM apane karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA AtmA svayaM hai| naiyAyikoM kI taraha jainadaSTi se buddhi yA jJAna AtmA kA Agantuka dharma nahIM hai, pratyuta usakA apanA svarUpa hai| jainadRSTi se muktAvasthA meM jIva ke guNoM kA vaizeSikoM kI taraha uccheda bhI nahIM hotA pratyuta jIva AtmasvarUpa ko prApta karatA hai| bauddha darzana kI taraha dIpaka ke bujha jAne jaisA nirvANa bhI jaina dRSTi se mAnya nahIM hai, kyoMki jIvana kA carama lakSya zreSTha aura zAzvata sukha mAnane para hI usa ora pravRtti sambhava hai| duHkhoM se Atyantika nivRtti yadi dIpaka ke bujha jAne kI taraha hai, taba isa prakAra kI duHkha-nivRtti kI apekSA to aindriya sukhoM kI ora pravRtti svIkArya ho sakatI hai| jainadRSTi se mokSa-dazA prApta hone ke bAda AtmA punaH karmabaddha nahIM hotaa| ataH vaha janma-maraNa ke duHkhoM se sadA ke lie chUTa jAtA hai| ___ mAnava-vyaktitva ke carama vikAsa kA nAma mokSa hai| ise pAne ke lie jIva ko svayaM pUrUSArtha karanA Avazyaka hai| kisI ko samarpaNa karane se athavA kisI ke anugraha se ise nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| isI prakAra mAtra samyagdRSTi yA tattvajJAna se mukti sambhava nahIM hai| mukti ke lie satpravRttiyoM kA pUrNa vikAsa apekSita hai|

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326 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sUktiyA~ - 1. saMvidannapi saMsArI sa naSTo nshytiitrH| nAvaityaho tathApveyaM svayaM yamamukhe sthitam / / 10/5 / / yaha saMsArI prANI "vaha naSTa ho gayA" "yaha naSTa ho rahA hai" aisA dekhatA-jAnatA huA bhI Azcarya hai ki svayaM ko yama ke mukha meM sthita huA nahIM jAnatA hai| 2. svasthitaM nAMjanaM vetti vIkSate'nyasya laaNchnm| cakSuryathA tathA lokaH paradoSaparIkSakaH / / 10/7|| A~kha apane bhItara lage aMjana kA nahIM jAnatI, para dUsare ke aMjana ko jhaTa dekha letI hai| isI prakAra yaha loka bhI parAye doSoM ko hI dekhane vAlA hai| kintu apane doSoM ko nahIM dekhatA hai| 3. svArthAccyutiH svastha vinAzanAya parArthatazcedapasampradAyaH / svatvaM samAlambya paropakArAnmanuSyatA'sau prmaarthsaaraa|| 17/11 / / - 'svArtha se bhraSTa honA apane hI vinAza kA kAraNa hai aura parArtha (paropakAra) se cyuta honA sampradAya ke virUddha hai| ataH manuSya ko cAhiye ki apane svArtha ko saMbhAlate huye dUsaroM kA upakAra avazya kre| yahI paramArtha ke sArabhUta manuSyatA hai| sandarbha - 1. zAkAhAra eka jIvanapaddhati - saM. DA. nIlama pR. 12 / 2. vahI pR. 5 / 3. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR. 239-2401

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upasaMhAra 20vIM zatAbdI ke mahAna kaviyoM meM mahAkavi bAla-brahmacArI paNDita bhUrAmala zAstrI kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| sAhityika va dArzanika kSetra meM vipula sAhitya sRjana kara Apane saMskRta vAGmaya ke mAnya kaviyoM meM advitIya sthAna prApta kiyA hai| paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI vartamAna meM jaina nirgrantha AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| saMskRta kavi kAlidAsa, mAgha, zrIharSa, bhAravi Adi ke samAna hI jaba hama kavi AcArya jJAnasAgara ko tarka kI kasauTI para parakhate haiM, to hameM unameM tArkika cintana ke sAtha-sAtha parama tapasvI, dhArmika niSThA evaM samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa ke bhI darzana hote haiN| mahAkavi ne jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, bhadrodaya jaise mahAkAvyoM kI tathA campUkAvya ke rUpa meM dayodaya kI racanA kara saMskRta sAhitya kI samRddhi meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna kiyA hai| inake dvArA racita saMskRta aura hindI bhASA meM nibaddha lagabhaga 30 kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| jinameM kucha racanAyeM maulika haiM, kucha granthoM para TIkAe~ haiM aura kucha anudita racanAyeM bhI haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha meM AcArya jJAnasAgara dvArA praNIta vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana carita kA samIkSAtmaka vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| ___ vIrodaya mahAkAvya kI kathA kA srota mahAkavi jinasenakRta mahApurANa kA tRtIya bhAga uttarapurANa hai| isI ko apanI lekhanI kA AdhAra banAkara mahAkavi zrI jJAnasAgara ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA sRjana kiyA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM 22 sarga, 988 zloka haiN| sampUrNa mahAkAvya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tyAga evaM tapasyA-pUrNa jIvana kI jhAMkI prastuta kI gaI hai| prastuta mahAkAvya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samagra jIvana-darzana para AdhArita hai| kavi ne kAvya ke mAdhyama se brahmacarya vrata ke prati pUrNa niSThA evaM cAritrika dRr3hatA kI zikSA dI hai| kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se yaha uccakoTi kA mahAkAvya hai|

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328 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vIrodaya ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha kAvya eka ora to zailI kI dRSTi se kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM kI zreNI meM A jAtA hai, aura dUsarI ora darzanaparaka hone se bauddha dArzanika mahAkavi azvaghoSa ke kAvyoM ke samakakSa pratIta hotA hai| isa kAvya meM brahmacarya ke sAtha-sAtha ahiMsA evaM aparigraha ke mahattva kI zikSA dene meM bhI kavi kA kauzala prakaTa hotA hai| sarga, bhAvapakSa, kalApakSa evaM carita sambandhI sabhI mahAkAvyagata vizeSatAyeM isameM dRSTigocara hotI hai; isa prakAra yaha mahAkAvya to hai hI, isameM jaina itihAsa aura purAtatva ke bhI darzana hote haiN| syAdvAda aura anekAnta kA vivecana hone se yaha grantha nyAyazAstra tathA zabdoM kA saMgraha hone se zabda-koza bhI hai| __mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama se Adarza jIvana-carita para prakAza DAlanA kavi kA mukhya dhyeya rahA hai| isIliye unhoMne kAvya kA aisA paurANika kathAnaka cunA hai, jisakA nAyaka dharma se anuprANita hai aura jisake jIvana kA carama lakSya mokSa hai| isa kAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAtta, lokavizruta bhagavAn mahAvIra hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra meM eka Adarza nAyaka ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiN| ve parama dhArmika, adbhuta saundaryazAlI, sAMsArika moha-mAyA se virakta, jainadharma ke uddhAraka, dukhiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAle haiN| kuNDanapura ke rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI priyakAriNI mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA haiN| nAyaka-pradhAna isa kAvya kA nAma kAvya ke nAyaka ke nAma para hI AdhArita hai| nAyaka kA nAma hai mahAvIra aura mahAvIra ke abhyudaya se zAnta-rasa kI sthApanA hI kavi kA lakSya hai| kAvya ke nAyaka aura kAvya ke lakSya ke AdhAra para kavi ne isa kAvya kA nAma jo 'vIrodaya' vIra kA udaya-abhyunnati rakhA hai, vaha sarvathA ucita hai| kAvya ke parizIlana se yaha pUrNarUpeNa jJAta ho jAtA hai ki vIra bhagavAn yuddhavIra to nahIM, para dharmavIra avazya haiM, unhoMne brAhya zatruoM se yuddha na karake Antarika zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara mokSa-lakSmI kA varaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra 'vIrodaya' meM nAyaka kA hI abhyudaya dikhalAyA hai tathA jIvana ke vividha pakSoM kA udghATana kara mahaccarita kI pratiSThA kI hai|

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upasaMhAra 329 AcArya jJAnasAgara dvArA racita vIrodaya mahAkAvya kI mahattA aura tIrthakara mahAvIra ke carita kI vizeSatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate huye hamane isa zodha-prabandha meM isa mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se prastuta kiyA hai| zodha-prabandha ke prathama adhyAya meM tIrthakara mahAvIra ke carita se sambandhita prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya ke pramukha granthoM kA paricaya dekara unameM prApta mahAvIra carita kI samIkSA kI hai| isa a yayana meM rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke mahAvIracarita aura hindI sAhitya meM likhita mahAvIra sambandhI carita granthoM kA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai| ___ zodha-prabandha ke dvitIya adhyAya meM vIrodaya mahAkAvya kI pRSTha-bhUmi aura usake cAritrika vikAsa ko prastuta karane kI dRSTi se isa mahAkAvya ke racayitA AcArya jJAnasAgara kA jIvana paricaya aura vyaktitva ko spaSTa kiyaa| usake bAda AcArya jJAnasAgara ke pramukha granthoM kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| jinameM jayodaya mahAkAvya, sudarzanodaya, bhadrodaya aura dayodaya campU kA vaiziSTya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| ina granthoM ke mUlyAMkana se yaha niSkarSa prApta huA hai ki AcArya jJAnasAgara caritakAvya likhane meM siddhahasta haiN| vIrodaya-carita kavi kI dUsarI praur3ha racanA hai| ina saMskRta kAvyoM meM kavi ne jaina paurANika paramparA ko surakSita rakhate hue zIla kI mahimA, gRhasthAcAra kA mahattva aura ahiMsAvrata kI upAdeyatA Adi para vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| vIrodaya ke tRtIya adhyAya meM vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA paricaya prastuta karane ke sAtha-sAtha kAvya kI mahattA ko batalAte hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva bhArata kI sAmAjika va dhArmika sthiti kaisI thI ? isakA citraNa karane ke uparAnta pUrva-bhavoM kA varNana karate hue bha. mahAvIra ke samagra jIvana-darzana ko prastuta kiyA hai| unake upadezoM kA tAtkAlika rAjAoM para prabhAva ko darzAte hue gRhastha-dharma va muni-dharma ke yogya kAryoM kA varNana karate hue kavi ne gRhastha ko bAraha vrata va muniyoM ko 28 mUla guNoM kA niraticAra pAlana karane kI bAta kahI hai| isa mahAkAvya meM ina donoM dharmoM kA vistRta

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330 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vivecana hai| jainAgamoM meM gRhastha-dharma ko bahuta mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai| gRhastha-dharma kA pAlana karane vAle ko dharma, artha, kAma kA sevana Agamokta rIti se karanA Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata kA krama-krama se pAlana kara zrAvaka dharma kI uttarottara vRddhi karate hue munidharma aMgIkAra karatA hai| vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM samozaraNa kI racanA, divya-dhvani kA prabhAva evaM siddhAntoM kI vivecanA karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mokSa gamana evaM paurANika AkhyAnoM kA digdarzana Adi ko bhI mahAkavi ne apanI lekhanI kA viSaya banAyA hai| prabandha ke caturtha adhyAya meM kAvya kA Rtu-varNana mAgha ke Rtu-varNana ke samAna prabhAvazAlI hai| varSA-Rtu kA bhagavAn ke garbhAvataraNa ke sAtha, vasanta-Rtu kA bhagavAn ke janma ke sAtha, zIta-Rtu kA bhagavAna ke cintana ke sAtha, grISma Rtu kA bhagavAna ke ugra tapazcaraNa ke sAtha aura zarada-Rtu kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke sAtha varNana karake kavi ne Rtu-varNana ko eka na: dizA pradAna kI hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM, oja, prasAda aura mAdhurya ina tInoM guNoM kA samAveza hai| sAtha hI kAvya kI bhASA-zailI sarala va bodhagamya hai| rasAtmakatA kAvya kA prANa hai| rasAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se hI sAmAjikoM ko karttavyAkarttavya kA upadeza hRdayaMgama karAyA jA sakatA hai| mahAkAvya kI racanA kA mUla udadezya saMsAra kI asAratA kA parijJAna karAke, sArabhUta svarUpa kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kara manuSya ko mokSa kI ora unmukha karanA hai| kavi ne zAntarasa ke atirikta anya aMgI rasoM kI manohArI abhivyaMjanA kI hai| rAnI priyakAriNI ke saundarya-citraNa meM zrRMgAra-rasa, devagAgoM ke Agamana prasaMga meM hAsya-rasa va adabhuta-rasa, saMsAra-dazA ke cintana meM karUNa-rasa, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI bAla-lIlA ke prasaMga meM vAtsalya rasa kA sundara paripAka huA hai| kAvya ko gatizIla banAne ke lie AcAryazrI ne chanda-yojanA bhI prastuta kI hai| vIrodaya meM 988 zlokoM ko 18 chandoM meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| prayoga kI dRSTi se upajAti kA

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upasaMhAra sarvAdhika sthAna hai| upendravajrA indravajrA, zArdUlavikrIDita, viyoginI, anuSTup ityAdi chandoM ke prayoga meM kavi ne apane pANDitya kA anupama prayoga kiyA hai| kavi kA alaMkAra - vinyAsa apUrva hai| mahAkavi ne upamA, rUpaka, yamaka, zleSa, arthAntaranyAsa, bhrAnmiAna, virodhAbhAsa Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga karake kAvya ko mahattvapUrNa va sundara banA diyA hai| anuprAsa unakA sarvAdhika priya alaMkAra hai / 331 pA~caveM adhyAya meM sAmAjika evaM sAskRtika vivecana ke antargata sAmAjika rIti-rivAja, vezabhUSA, samAja va sAmAjika saMgaThana, samAja meM anuzAsana, nItigata vyavasthA, rahana-sahana paddhati kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| dhArmika anuSThAna, vrata upavAsa, tapa kI sAdhanA se jIvana ke vikAsa kI paramparA ko darzAyA gayA hai| zikSA ke sandarbha meM gurU-ziSya ke sambandhoM kA Adarza svarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dayA, karUNA aura sahiSNutA jaise mAnavIya guNoM ko kavi ne pramukhatA se nirUpita karate hue kalAtmakatA kA varNana kuzalatA se kiyA hai jisakA isa zodha-prabandha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai 1 SaSTha adhyAya meM viSaya kI dArzanika vivecanA prastuta kI gaI hai| dharma kA svarUpa, dharma kA mahattva, deva, zAstra, gurU kA svarUpa, ratnatraya kA svarUpa, nizcaya aura vyavahAra mokSamArga kI prarUpaNA kara, puNya aura pApa kA mahattva prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM karma - siddhAnta kI mImAMsA meM sAta tattvoM kA nirUpaNa aura jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA saMkSipta svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai| sadAcAra aura zAkAhAra jIvana zailI ke mahattva kA varNana kara mAMsAhAra ko sarvathA tyAjya batalAkara kavi ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM purUSArthoM ko pramukhatA se apanAne kA sandeza diyA hai| isa prakAra AcArya jJAnasAgarakRta vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA mUlyAMkana prastuta karate samaya isa zodha-prabandha ke mAdhyama se hameM naI-naI jAnakAriyoM aura vizeSatAoM kA jJAna huA hai / yaha zodha prabandha eka ora jahA~ prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza ke carita - kAvyoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM bIsavIM zatAbdI meM racita vIrodaya mahAkAvya ke kAvyAtmaka evaM sAMskRtika vaiziSTya ko

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332 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karatA hai| vahA~ dUsarI ora hama isa zodha-prabandha ke dvArA AcArya jJAnasAgara ke sampUrNa kRtitva se bhI paricita hote haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya jJAnasAgara kevala prAcIna bhASAoM ke hI kavi nahIM apitu jainadharma aura darzana ke niSNAta paNDita the| vIrodaya mahAkAvya para prastuta yaha zodha-prabandha hameM isa bAta kA bhI jJAna detA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA carita prAcIna aura Adhunika kaviyoM meM AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai| vIrodaya mahAkAvya prAcIna kathA-vastu ko kAvyAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta karane ke sAtha-sAtha Adhunika yuga meM naitika aura sadAcAra kI jIvana-paddhati apanAne kI bhI preraNA detA hai| sUktiyA~ - 1. yathA svayaM vAMchati tatparebhyaH kuryAjjanaH kevalakAtarebhyaH / tadetadekaM khalu dharmamUlaM parantu sarva svidamuSya tUlam / / 16/61/ - __ manuSya jaisA vyavahAra svayaM apane liye cAhate haiM vaisA hI vyavahAra use dUsare dIna, kAyara purUSoM taka ke sAtha karanA caahiye| yahI eka tattva dharma kA mUla hai aura zeSa saba kathana to isI kA vistAra hai| 2. vipade punaretasmin smpdssklaastdaa| saMcaredeva sarvatra vihaayoccymiirnnH|| 10/11|| __AtmA ko isa zarIra se bhinna samajha lene para sarva vastue~ sampadA ke rUpa hI haiN| pavana uccaya (parvata) ko chor3akara sarvatra saMcAra karatA hI hai| bhAvArtha - AtmarUpa ucca tattva para jinakI dRSTi nahIM hai aura zarIra para hI jinakA rAga hai| unheM sabhI vastue~ vipattimaya banI rahatI haiM kintu AtmadarzI purUSa ko ve hI vastue~ sampattirUpa ho jAtI haiN|

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pariziSTa 333 pariziSTa zabda evaM lokokti saMkalana mahAkavi paM. bhUrAmala jI zAstrI ne urdU, phArasI, hindI, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM ke aneka pracalita / apracalita dezaja zabdoM kA tathA lokAktiyoM - muhAvaroM kA prayoga apanI racanAoM meM bahutAyata se kiyA hai katipaya itihAsa prasiddha purUSoM, vikhyAta granthoM evaM prAcIna AcAryoM ke nAmoM kA bhI ullekha hai / vIrodaya mahAkAvya gata aise katipaya zabdoM evaM kahAvatoM kA saMkalana isa pariziSTa meM pRthak se kiyA jA rahA hai| sahI / baTe meM sarga / padya kA saMketa hai| mevA / manAk - 1 / 1, avIra / mIra / amIra / neka - 1 / 5, prativAda lopI- 14/52, vyalopI - 21 / 13, vighnalopI - 1/6, naukA / maukA18/30, galAlaMkaraNAya - 1 / 10, phiraMgI - 17 / 28, lekhAt - 1 / 29, sarvaH/kharvaH/varvaH/narvaH - 1 / 33, duritaikalopI - 18 / 40, vADhakSaNe - 8 /56, niSThA - 19 / 4, nirataiva / trikAla - 1 / 12, khalazIlanena - 1 / 17, Akho:1/19, gallakaphullakA - 9 / 26, lopI - 11/29, 12/18, khalatA pravardhate- 9/11, guNarUpacarcA dvArA - 5 / 19, bhanAg vadAmaH - 5/7, nigale- 1/35, 2 / 48, kaThinA samasyA - 2 / 31, gale- 3/28, viSAdAyaiva - 10/3, luThanti tapAdiva - 2 / 31, svIyazarIrahatyai - 4 / 15, karakaprakAzAt- 4/15, zrIgendukelau- 9 / 38, kalahamite- 9/43, varIvartti/sarIsartti / marImartti / naro narInartti - 9 / 35, adhIraH - 12/22, asahayogo - 11/40, satyAgRha / vahiSkAraH - 11 / 42, matallaM mohamallaM12 / 45, iti prapaMca: - 12 / 38 svIkurUtesma sevAm- 13 / 8, beradalaM / vAmbUlaM / mAndAram - 19/11, sUryasya gharmataH - 19 / 43, pApaM lagnasya- 22/24, hindusthAnasya - 22 /11, kalahakAritayA sadApi22/20, chatrAyate - 2 / 3, hArAyate - 1 / 24, kirITAyate - 2 /471

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334 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana katipaya viziSTa nAmoM kA ullekha - nAgArjuna- 15/38, bhISma pitAmaha- 8/40, pANDava- 8/40, marIci- 11/8, sudAmA- 11/36, cAmuNDarAya- 15/40, nemicandra si. ca. 15/40, samantabhadra- 1/24, akalaMka- 1/25, prabhAcandra 1/25, pUjyapAda- 3/7, mahezvara- 3/13, akalaMka-4/39, devAgama- 4/39, AptamImAMsA-4/39, zItalaprasAda-9/22, zubhacandrasiddhAntadeva- 15/38, daravAri-9/381 zmazrU svakIyAM valayan- 1/34 ardhazatre lagennavoDhApi dhavasya gAtre- 9/39 na ko'pi kasyApi vabhUva vazya:- 1/38 nidrAyate'nyasya punaH kathetaH - 12/16 asmin bhuvo bhAla iyadvizAle- 2/21 dinAni dIrghANi kuto bhavanti - 12/20 bhUyo bhavan vArdala AzukArI- 4/13 pataMga-taMtrAyita-cittavRttiH - 12/25 patrANi varSA kalamaM ca lAtum- 4/13 jhalaMjhalAvazIbhUtA - dhvajA - 10/13 radeSu kartuM mRdu maMjanaM ca - 5/9 satyAgRha-prabhAveNa mahAtmA - 10/34 cakAra kAcittilakaM tu bhAle - 5/13 svarAjyaprAptaye satyAgraha-dhuraMdharaH - 11/39 cikSepa kaNThe mRdu puSpahAra - 5/14 dadha-vicitrAM tu nijIyalIlAH -- 11/7 kuhU karotIha pika-dvijAti - 6/19 calatyathotthAya satAM vataMsaH - 11/22 ekAnvitA vIjanameva kartum - 5/39 karSanti pucchaM kariNaH kareNa - 12/4 palAzanAmasmaraNAdathAyaM samIhate svAM mahilA sahAyam- 6/27 pUSeva kalye kuharaM prasadya - 12/41

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pariziSTa 335 paraspara-premamayo vicAraH - 14/50 lagadalivyapadezatayA dadhata - 6/36 sampoSayan khaTTikako jaghanya - 16/16 DiNDimaM sa mudA dApitavAn- 7/6 kimu sambhavatAn modo modake parabhakSite - 8/1 mitho'nubhAvAtsahayoginIyA gRhasthatA syAdupayoginI vA - 18/32 kAceSu maNivattadA - 8/12 priyAyA galamAlabhe - 8/29 bhavAmbudherUttaraNAya naukA tano-naroktaiva samasti maukA- 18/30 na manAgapi khinnatAM gataH - 7/30 tUlena kimastu khedaH - 17/30 makhamalottUlazayanAt - 8/33 ko nAma vAJchecca nizAcaratvam- 18/36 tela-phUlelAdi sahajaM parigRhayate - 8/34 sadyo'pi vazamAyAnti devAH kimuta mAnavAH - 8/38 tretetirUpeNa vinirjagAma -kAlaH punarvApara AjagAma - 19/13 svaroTikAM moTayituM hi zikSate - 9/9 yato'dhunA'bhUjjanatA dvidhArA - 18/51 pravartate hanta sa nAmato naraH - 9/12 paraM kalatraM hiyate'nyato haThAt - 9/15 ghUkAya cAndhyaM dadadeva bhAsvAn / kokAya zokaM vitaran sudhAvAn / / 19/13 vibhAti yasyAH satataM hi dehilI - 9/13 sUcIva romAMcatatItyaho - 9/20 ghaTasya kArya na paTa: zrayeti ghaTa: sa evaM na paTatvameti- 19/14 uparyatho tUlakutho'nayAyinaH - 9/24 pivatyahI saMyamanAmadhArI - 19/29 aMgArikA cecchayanasya pArzvataH - 9/24 dAdisAya tu tA_rUpAH - 20/1

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336 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sagrantha-kanthA vivarAt - 9/25 kuTIrakoNe kucitAMgako - 9/25 nirIhatA phenilato'pasArya -santoSavArItyucitena cArya -20/2 sametya mAturnikaTaM tadA'tha - 5/6 jalAyitattvaM karakeSu pazyan - 20/6 kSetrebhya AkRSya phalaM khaleSu nikSipyate cetkRSakaistu teSu -21/12 hiMsAM sa dUSayati hindUriyaM nirUktiH - 22/13 saMsiddhamAlukamalAdi punaH sacittam- 22/23

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sahAyaka sandarbha - grantha sUcI 337 sahAyaka sandarbha - grantha sUcI kra.saM. grantha nAma granthakAra/sampAdaka prakAzana/sana apabhraMza bhASA sAhitya DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana kI zodha-pravRttiyA~ vArANasI, 19961 2. amitagati zrAvakAcAra sampA. DaoN. bhAgacanda jaina anantakIrti di. jaina granthamAlA bambaI, 19761 3. alaMkAra cintAmaNi ajita sena bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI 19731 aSTapAhuDa hindI anuvAdaka, varddhamAna mudraNAlaya vArANasI paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya 1980-89 / 5. Agama kathA sAhitya DaoN. prema sumana jaina Agama anuyoga prakAzana mImAMsA ahamadAbAda, 19841 6. AcArya jJAnasAgara ke DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kAvyaH eka adhyayana kendra vyAvara, 19611 AdipurANa jinasena, sampAdaka, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI 19511 paM. pannAlAla jaina AdipurANa meM pratipAdita DaoN. nemicanda jaina zAstrI zrI gaNezaprasA vaNI granthAlaya bhArata vArANasI 1968 / ArAdhanA kathAkoza brahmacArI zrI nemidatta kamala prinTarsa madanagaMja nemIcanda bAkalIvAla prathama saMskaraNa 1962 / 10. ArAdhanA kathA-prabandha hindI anuvAdaka, AcArya zAnti sAgara chANI DaoN. ramezacandra jaina smRti granthamAlA buDhAnA, 1990 / uttarapurANa AcArya guNabhadra bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana vArANasI dvitIya saMskaraNa- 1968 / 12. upAsakAdhyayana somadevakRta, sampAdaka, bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI pa. kailAzacandra zAstrI 19941 kAvya prakAza AcArya sammaTa vyAkhyAkAra jJAnamaNDala vArANasI, 1960 / 14. kAvyAdarza vizvezvara siddhAnta ziromaNi bhaNDArakAra insTITyUTa pUnA prathama saMskaraNa 19721 15. kirAjArjunIyam bhAravi lokabhAratI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda dvitIya saMskaraNa, 19721

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338 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 16. DaoN. prema sumana jaina kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana caMdappahacariu prAkRta zodha-saMsthAna, vaizAlI 19751 vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, 1986 | 17. sampA, DaoN. bhAgacanda jaina bhAskara vIranandi, amRtalAla zAstrI paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI DaoN. kailAzapati pANDeya 18. candraprabhacarita 19. jayodaya mahAkAvya pUrvAddha, uttarArddha jayodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 21. jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailI vaijJAnika anuzIlana 22. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja 23. jaina dharma DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina paM. kailAzacandra jaina siddhAntazAstrI paM. balabhadra jaina jaina saM. saMgha zolApura, 1971 / zrI jainasmRti va sakala di. jaina samAja, ajamera 1994 / AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra byAvara, 19811 AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra byAvara, 19831 caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI 19651 prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara, 19981 gajendra pablikezana dharmapurA dillii| gajendra pablikezana dharmapurA dillii| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI- 1973 / bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI 19961 gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, 19741 vIra pustaka bhaNDAra, jypur| 24. 25. paM. paramAnanda zAstrI jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, prathama bhAga jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 6 jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 1-5 jaina darzana DaoN. gulAbacanda caudharI 7 zrI jainendra varNI DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina DaoN. sanatakumAra jaina 29. jaina zrAvakAcAra kA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 30. tattvArthasUtra TIkA AcArya jJAnasAgara . 31. tiloyapaNNattI bhAga - 1 32. trikAlavartI mahApuruSa yativRSabhAcArya, sampAdaka AryikA vizuddhamati pro. udayacanda jaina sarvadarzanAcArya vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, jayapura 19941 candraprabha di. jaina atizaya kSetra deharA-tijArA, 1997 / bIsa caubIsI kalpavRkSa zodhasamiti, jayapura 19931

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339 sahAyaka sandarbha - grantha sUcI 33. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 34. dayodaya campU DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara 35. dhvanyAloka Anandavardhana 36. 37. dharma aura darzana paumacariyaM AcArya devendra muni vimalasUri 38.. padmapurANa raviSeNa, sampAdaka paM. pannAlAla jaina DaoN. prema sumana jaina 39. paryAvaraNa aura jaina dharma pavitra mAnavajIvana 40. paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI pArzavanAthacarita kA DaoN. jayakumAra jaina samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 42. purUSArthasiddhayupAya AcArya amRtacanda, sampA vaidya gambhIracanda jaina 43. prAkRta kathA sAhitya DaoN. prema sumana jaina parizIlana 44. prAkRta bhAratI sampA, DaoN. premasumana jaina DaoN. subhASa koThArI 45. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa jyotiSAcArya prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina 47. bhagavAna mahAvIraH eka AcArya devendra muni anuzIlana bhAga 1 48. bhagavAna mahAvIra DaoN. zobhanAtha pAThaka 49. bhadrodaya mahAkAvya bra. paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI AcArya zAntisAgara, chANI granthamAlA, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1992 / vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, jayapura bApUnagara, jayapura- 1994 | jJAnamaNDala vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1962| sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA, 1967 / jainadharma pracAraka sabhA bhAvanagara, 19941 bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI 19511 a. bhA. jaina vidvat pariSad jayapura, 1986 / vIra sevA mandira TrasTa jayapura, 1994 1 jaina dharma pracAra samiti mujaphpharanagara, 1987| di. jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa sonagar3ha, vi.saM. 24991 saMghI, prakAzana jayapura, 19921 Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna jayapura, 19917 tArA pablikezansa kamacchA vArANasI, 19661 caukhambA vaaraannsii| zrI tAraka gurU jaina granthAlaya udayapura, 19741 zyAmalA hilsa, bhopAla 1984 | vIra sevA mandira TrasTa jayapura 1994| vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, jayapura paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI 50. bhAgya parIkSA (bhAgyodaya) 1994

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vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, jayapura 340 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 51. bhAratIya darzana baladeva upAdhyAya nAgarI mudraNAlaya kAzI SaSTha saMskaraNa, 19601 52. kavi AcArya jJAnasAgara DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza saMskRta sAhitya meM kendra byAvara, 19961 prakRti citraNa 53. mahAvIra purANa AcArya sakalakIrti jaina pustaka bhavana kalakattA sampA, nandalAla jaina vizArada 19011 54. mahAvIra yuga DaoN. e. ena. upAdhyAya bhAratIya jJAnapITha saMsthAna va jIvanadarzana DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina naI dillI, 19981 55. mAnavadharma paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI 19941 56. mUkamATI mahAkAvya AcArya vidyAsAgara bhAratIya jJAnapITha naI dillii| 19961 57. mokSazAstra anuvAda paM. parameSThIdAsa ToDaramala smAraka prakAzana (tattvArthasUtra) nyAyatIrtha samiti, jayapura, 19981 yazastilaka kA DaoN. gokulacanda jaina sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka sAMskRtika adhyayana samiti, amRtasara, 19671 59. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra svAmI samantabhadra, vIra sevA samiti mandira TrasTa sampA, paM. pannAlAla jaina kAzI, 19721 60. vaDDhamANacariu sampAdaka evaM anuvAdaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana DaoN. rAjArAma jaina vArANasI, 19731 61. vardhamAna purANa navalazAha, digaM. jaina puskAlaya, suurt| 62. varAMgacarita jaTAsiMhanaMdi caurAsI saMgha mthuraa| 63. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra sampA, pro. bhAgacanda jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI bhAskara 19991 64. vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara sureza sarala AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra byAvara, 19961 65. vivekodaya sampA, kSullaka jJAnabhUSaNa vIrasevA mandira TrasTa jayapura, 1994| 66. vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana AcArya naI dillI, 19751 67. vIrodaya mahAkAvya brahma. paM. bhUrAmalazAstrI vIra sevA mandira TrasTa jayapura, 1994 /

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341 sahAyaka sandarbha - grantha sUcI 68. bRhatkathAkoza hariSeNAcArya 69. sacitta vivecana paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI ___ sacita vicAra paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI samantabhadra avadAna DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina samayasAra kundakunda, sampAdaka paM. balabhadra jaina paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI samasAra kamala prinTarsa, madanagaMja ajamera, 19621 vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, jayapura 19941 vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, jayapura 19941 syAdvAda, pracAriNI sabhA jayapura 2001| zrI kundakunda bhAratI dillI 19781 vIra sevA mandira TrasTa jayapura, 19941 vIra sevA mandira TrasTa jayapura, 19941 vIra sevA mandira TrasTa jayapura, 19941 zrI tAmrapatra zAstra evaM pustaka prakAzana samiti,lalitapura u.pra. caukhammA saMskRta sIrija vArANasI, 19621 bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 19781 74. samyaktvasAra zataka paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI 75. sarala jaina vivAha vidhi paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI 76. sallekhanA darzana muni zrI sudhAsAgara DaoN. ramAzaMkara tripAThI 77. saMskRta sAhitya kA prAmANika itihAsa 78. sAgAradharmAmRta AzAdharakRta, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI AcArya vizvanAtha 79. sAhitya darpaNa sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya paNDita bhUrAmala zAstrI 81. sudarzanacaritam hindI anuvAdaka DaoN. ramezacandra jaina paNDita bhUrAmala zAstrI caukhammA vidyAbhavana vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa 19641 vIra sevA mandira TrasTa jayapura, 1994| bhAratIya anekAnta vidvat pariSada, 19921 vIra sevA mandira TrasTa jayapura 19941 jaina sAhitya uddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya amarAvatI,19391 bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI 19781 svAmI kundakunda va sanAtana jaina dharma 83. SaDkhaNDAgama puSpadanta bhUtabati sampAdaka hIrAlAla jaina jinasena, sampAdaka paM. pannAlAla jaina 84. harivazapurANa

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342 vIrodaya mahAkAvya aura ma. mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. 2. 3. 4. kozagrantha jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillii| saMskRta-hindI koza motIlAla banArasIdAsa prakAzana, dillii| prAkRta hindI zabda koza pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| apabhraMza hindI koza narezakumAra, dillii| 1. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara mahAvIra jayantI smArikA zramaNa vIra vANI tIrthakara anekAnta zodhAdarza prAkRtavidyA tulasIprajJA arhatvacana sambodhi jaina jarnala patra-patrikAyeM - DI. ke. jaina zodha saMsthAna, ArA 1990 / - jJAnacanda bilTIvAlA, rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura 1998-99 / - zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI (u.pr.)| - DaoN. sanatakumAra jaina, vIra presa, jypur| - DaoN. nemIcanda jaina, patrakAra kaoNlonI, indaura 1988 | - vIra sevA maMdira, naI dillii| - mahAvIra zodha kendra, lkhnuu| - kundakunda bhAratI, prAkRta bhavana, naI dillii| - jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, laaddnuuN| - kundakun jJAnapITha, indaur| - ela. DI. insTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda / - jaina bhavana, klkttaa| 9. 10. 11. 12.

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bhagavAna RSabhadeva granthamAlA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI sAMgAnera (jayapura) se prakAzita granthoM kA vivaraNa 30/ 25/ 26/ 20/ 15/ 20/ 1. pravacanasAra 75/- 15. karttavyapatha pradarzana mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 2. samayasAra 80/- 16. bhAgya parIkSA mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 3. jayodaya mahAkAvya (pUrvArdha evaM uttarAMza) 150/- 17. RSabha caritra mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 4. vIrodaya mahAkAvya . 100/- 18. guNa sundara vRttAnta mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 5. sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya 75/- 19. sarala jaina vivAha vidhi mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 6. dayodaya (campU) 30/- 20. pavitra mAnava jIvana mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 7. vivekodaya 30/- 21. sacitta vivecana ___mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 8. samudradatta caritra (bhAgyodaya) 30/- 22. sacitta vivecana mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 9. samyaktva sAra zataka 60/- 23. svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma 20/mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 10. tattvArthasUtra mahAzAstra 60/- 24. itihAsa ke panne ___ mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 11. muni manoraMjanAzIti 20/- 25. zAMtinAtha pUjana vidhAna 20/mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi, AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 12. bhakti saMgraha 20/- (anuvAdaka nihAlacanda jaina) mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 26. mAnavadharma (aMgrejI) 13. hita sappAdaka 30/- mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI 27. sudarzanodaya (aMgrejI) 14. mAnavadharma (hindI) 30/- mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI (balajItasiMha) ____12/ 15/ mahA 50/ 100/

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(ii) 10/ 15/ 35/ 16/ 15/ 14/ 14/ 15/ 28. mahA. A. jJAnasAgarajI ke hindI sAhitya 41. samyaktvAcaraNa kI maulika vizeSatAeM 10/- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI DaoN. ke.ela. jaina ___42. dRSTi meM sRSTi 29. mahAkavi A. jJAnasAgarajI saMskRta sAhitya muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI meM prakRti citraNa kI vizeSatAyeM 10/- 43. tIrthapravartaka DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI 30. mahAkavi A. jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka 44. zruta dIpa adhyayana 65/- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana ___45. jiyeM to kaise jiyeM? 31. A. jJAnasAgara sAhitya meM paryAvaraNa muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI eka dRSTi 50/- 46. citta camatkAra paM. nihAlacanda jaina - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI 32. A. jJAnasAgara dvArA smRta sAhitya 50/- 47. saMskRti saMskAra DaoN. rameza canda jaina muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI 33. AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI 48. niyati kI sImA I, II, III, IV 100/-, 85/- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI A. vidyAsAgara jI 49. phUTI AMkha viveka kI 34. vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara 40/- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI DaoN. sureza 'sarala' 50. nAva aura nAvika 35. je gurU caraNa jahAM par3e 20/- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI elabama 51. kar3avA mIThA saca 36. AdhyAtmika panaghaTa 15/- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI 52. vAstukalA kA kIrtistambha 37. nagnatva kyoM aura kaise? 15/- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI 53. sudhA sandohana 38. muni kA mukharita mauna 15/- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI (kavitAeM) 54. mu. zrI sudhAsAgarajI vyaktitva aura muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI kRtitva 39. adyo sopAna 15/- . muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI ____ muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI 55. kunda-kunda vANI vizeSAMka 40. jovana eka cunautI 15/- 56. aMjanA pavanaMjaya nATakam 'muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI 15/ 15/ 20/ 5/ 35/ 15/ 20/

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35/ 80/ 65/ 65/ 57. AdibrahmA RSabhadeva 25/- 71. jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailI anuvAda DaoN. ramezacaMda jaina vaijJAnika anuzIlana 58. bauddha darzana kI zAstrIya samIkSA 30/- DaoN. ku. anurAdhA jaina DaoN. ramezacaMda jaina __72. sarvArthasiddhi kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 50/59. he jJAnadIpa Agama praNAma DaoN. sImA jaina DaoN. ramezacaMda jaina 73. pAsaNAhacariu-eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 50/60. vAstusAra prasAda maMDana 125/- DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI' 61. vAstusAra prakaraNa 125/- 74. saMskRta sAhitya meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina zrI parama jaina candADagaja Thakkara pherU manISiyoM kA yogadAna 50/62. sallekhanA darzana 20/- DaoN. narendrasiMha rAjapUta sampAdaka-DaoN. ramezacanda jaina 75. cAritra cakravartI sallekhanA para vidyat saMgoSThI-lalitapura paM. sumeracanda divAkara 63. vizva ke kIrtistambha 151/- 76. mokSa mArga prakAzaka navagajaratha smArikA lalitapura paM. ToDaramalajI 64. kIrtistambha 185/- 77. nIti vAkyAmRta A. jJAnasAgara dvArA racita vIrodaya para paM. somadeva dvitIya vidvat saMgoSThI, ajamera (rAja.) 78. AhAradAna kaise 65. laghutrayI maMthana 90/- zrI dezarAja 'eDavokeTa' (A. jJAnasAgara dvArA racita sudarzanodaya 79. mA~ mujhe mata mAro bhadrodaya/dayodaya para tRtIya vidvat ___DaoN. sunIla jaina evaM trizalA jaina saMgoSThI-byAvara) 80. jinapUjA 66. jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana 150/- saMkalana (A. jJAnasAgara racita jayodaya para caturtha 81. mahAkavi A. vidyAsAgara kI sAhitya vidvata saMgoSThI-kizanagar3ha) sAdhanA evaM zodha saMdarzikA 15/67. mahAkavi A. jJAnasAgara adhyAtmaka muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI sandohana(A. jJAnasAgara sAhitya para 82. A. jJAnasAgaravAGmaya meM naya nirUpaNa 35/ paMcama vidvat saMgoSThI, jayapura) ___90/- paM. zivacaraNa lAla jaina 68. jaina darzana meM ratnatraya kA svarUpa 20/- 83. A. jJAnasAgara sAhitya meM citrAlaMkAra 30/DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina DaoN. rudradatta tripAThI 69. jaina rAjanaitika ciMtanadhArA 20/- 4. A. vidyAsAgara kA vyaktitva evaM DaoN. vijayalakSmI jaina kAvyakalA 70. jayodaya mahAkAvya kA DaoN. mAyA jaina samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 45/- 85. mahAparva-rAja DaoN. kailAzapati pANDeya muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI 15/ 25/

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(iiv) 35/ 35/ 86. jindagI kA saca 15/- 102. vasudhA para vidyAsAgara muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI . 103. A. vidyAsAgara granthAvalI parIkSIlana 150/87. paNamAmi caraNaM visuddhataraM sIkara smArikA ramezacanda 88. sudhAsAgara hindI iMgliza DikzanarI 300/- 104. patha oNpha DyUtI sampAdaka-DaoN. ramezacaMda 105. guNa sundara vratAMta meM Agama kathAyeM ___ 50/89. sAMkhya darzana kI zAstrIya samIkSA zrImatI alakA mizrA ____DaoN. zaktibAlA kauzala 106. AcArya jinasena kRta harivaMza purANa 90. A. jJAnasAgara kI sAhitya sAdhana evaM parizIlana (koTA smArikA) 150/sAMgAnera jina bimba darzana paM. surendra kumAra jaina 91. zodha saMdarzikA mahAkavi AcArya 107. vIrodaya mahAkAvya ko sUktiyoM kA jJAnasAgara ke vADamaya samAhita zodha samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 20/viSayaka zIrSaka 70/- hemaMta siMha rAvata preraNA muni sudhAsAgarajI 108. AcArya jJAnasAgara dvArA viracita 'jayodaya' 92. aba AI akla ThikAne ___15/- mahAkAvya 'camatkAratatva' ke pariprekSya meM muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 93. RSabhadeva cAritra 40/- 109. AcArya jJAnasAgara ke hindI sAhitya kA AcArya jJAnasAgarajI samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 50/94. vrata vidhi vidhAna saMgraha 95. sAMgAnera vAle bAjA bhagavAna AdinAtha 110. jayodaya mahAkAvya kA dArzanika evaM ___pUjana AratI cAlIsA 5/- sAMskRtika adhyayana 96. bhadrodaya (aMgrejI) 50/- DaoN. rekhA rAnI 97. sAmAnya-jJAna-prathama 15/- 111. parama sudhAsAgara kSu. gambhIrasAgara jI paM. lAlacanda jaina 'rAkeza' 98. pArzvanAtha caritra 50/- 112. muni sudhAsAgara : vyaktitva aura sRjana 60/jaya kumAra jaina DaoN. dIpaka kumAra jaina 99. jJAna kA sAgara 50/- 113. yAgamaNDala paMcakalyANaka pUjana 25/sureza sarala saMkalanakartA : bra. surendra kumAra jaina 'sarasa' 100. samAgama 15/- 114. jaina darzana meM anekAntavAda : 101. sudhA kA sAgara 60/- eka parizIlana sureza sarala DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina 20/ DaoN rAjalI 50/ 100/ uparyukta prakAzita sAhitya ke alAvA hamAre yahA~ vibhinna pratiSThAnoM se prakAzita jaina sAhitya bhI upalabdha haiN| bhagavAna RSabhadeva granthamAlA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI sAMgAnera (jayapura) phona : 0141-2731952, 2730390

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T ISBN 81-7772-009-0 zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI. sAMgAnera, jayapara kA vihaMgama dazya