Jain Siddhant Bhaskar

Author(s): Jain Siddhant Bhavan
Publisher: Jain Siddhant Bhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/529551/1

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(zrIjaina-siddhAnta-bhavana ArA kA mukha-patra) jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara . arthAt prAcIna jaina-itihAsa, sAhitya evaM zodha-sambandhI traimAsika patra bhAga 2, vikrmsmbt-1662| sampAdaka-maNDala prophesara hIrAlAla, ema. e., ela.ela. bI. prophesara e0 ena0 upAdhye, ema.e. bAbU kAmatA prasAda, ema. Ara. e. esa. paNDita ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana pArA-dvArA prakAzita Jaina-Antiquary AN ANGLO-HINDI QUARTERLY JOURNAL. ..

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viSaya-sUcI hindI-vibhAga viSaya . . lekhaka pRSTha-saMkhyA (1) amarakItigaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza... zrIyuta pro0 horAlAla jaina, ema.e., ela.ela.bo. ... (2) amarakIrtigaNikRta SaTkarmopadeza ... zrIyuta pro0 hIrAlAla jaina, ema.e. ela.ela.bI. ... (3) itihAsa kA jainagranthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa ... zrIyuta paM0 haranAtha dvivedo, kAvya aura prazastiyoM se niSTha sambandha purANa-tIrtha (4) "RISABH-DETA" ( RSabhadeva ) kI . .samAlocanA . ... ... zrIyuta pro0 hIrAlAla jaina, ema.e., ela.ela.bI. ... ... (5) kavivara jinasenAcArya aura pAzrvAbhyudaya ... tripATho bhairavadhAlu zAstrI, bI.e.... 75 ... 103 (7) katipaya (di0) jaina saMskRta prAkRta pranthoM para kannaDa TIkArya ... ... zrIyuta paMcha ke bhujavalI zAstrI ... 110 (8) gata prathama evaM dvitoya kiraNoM meM prakAzita apane lekhoM ke viSaya meM kucha vizeSa vaktavya ... , , , ... (9) candragupta-kavitA ... zrIyuta mahezacandra prasAda, ema.e. ... 41 (10) cAmuNDarAya kA cAritrasAra ... , milApacandra kaTAriyA ... (11) jaina mUrtiyA~ ... .., bA. kAmatA prasAda jaina, ema. . . Ara.e.esa. ... ... 6 (12) jaina purAtatva . ... ... zrIyuta bA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina, ema. ___ Ara e.esa. ... ... 43 193) jaya syAd-vAda-kavitA ... ... zrIyuta kalyANa mAra jaina, 'zazI'... 76 (14) devacandra kRta rAjAvAlI-kathAkI viSaya-sUcI , paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI ... 154 (15) dhArmika udAratA ... ... le. bA. pUranacanda nAhara, ema.e.bI.ela. 32 (16) nItivAkyAmRta aura kannaDakavi neminAtha... zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI ... 26 (17) nisidhi ke sambandha meM do zabda ... ,, pro0 90 ena0 upAdhye ... 137

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viSaya lekhaka pRSTha-saMkhyA (18) prakAzakIya vaktavya ...: : ... zrIyuta cakra zvara kumAra jaina, bI.esa. sI bI ela. ... ... (16) pramANanayatatvAlo kAlaMkAra kI samIkSA ... zrIyuta paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya, nyAyatIrtha, sAhityazAstro (20) , ". ." , ... zrIyuta paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya, ... zrIyuta . nyAyatIrtha, sAhityazAstrI .... 70 (21) bijoliyA kA zilAlekha : ... zrIyuta muni himAMzuvijaya, nyAya kAvya tIrtha ... ... (22) bhAskara svagatASTaka ... ... zrIyuta paM0 haranAtha dvivedI, kAvya purANa-tIrtha ... ... 1 (23) bhAskara kI varSa-samApti-kavitA ... zrIyuta paM0 haranAtha dvivedo ... 116 (24) mahArAja jIvandhara kA hemAMgada deza aura / kSemapurI ... ... zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalo zAstrI ... 17 (25) mahAvIra kumAra ke tiraMge citra kA paricaya ... zrIyuta bA0 choTelAla jaina, ema.Ara. e.esa. ... ... 118 (26) viduSI pampAdevI .... .. ... zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI ... 46 (27) vijayanagara sAmrAjya aura jainadharma ... , , ... 132 (28) zrIRSabhadeva bhagavAna ke jIvanI ke sAdhana zrIyuta muni himAMzuvijaya, nyAya kAvya-tIrtha ... ... 140 (26) "zrIbAhubali zataka" kI samAlocanA ... zrIyuta pro. hIrAlAla jaina, ema.e., ela ela bI. ... ... 156 (30) saMskRta meM dUtakAvya sAhitya kA nikAsa aura vikAsa .... zrIyuta cintAharaNa cakravartI, ema.e.... 58 (31) silAra raTTarAja kA nayA zilAlekha aura jainadharma ... ... zrIyuta bA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina .. 147 graMthamAlA-vibhAga (32) prazasti-saMgraha ... zrIyuta paM0 ke. bhubhavalI. zAstrI ... 1 se 32 taka (33) pratimA-lekha-saMgraha ... zrIyuta bA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina (34 vaidya-sAra ... ... zrIbuta paM0 satvandhara AyurvedAcArya ... ,

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THE JAINA ANTIQUARY An Anglo-Hindi quarterly Journal, VOL. I-1936 Editors: Prof. HIRALAL JAIN, M.A., LL.B., P.E.S., Professor of Sanskrit, King Edward College, Amraoti, C. P. Prof. A. N. UPADHYE, M.A., Professor of Prakrata, * Rajaram College, Kolhapur, S.M.C. B. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN, M.R.A.S., Aliganj, Distt. Etah, U.P. Pt. K, BHUJABALI SHASTRI, Librarian, The Centrla Jaina Oriental Library, Arrah. Published at THE CENTRAL JAIN ORIENTAL LIBRARY. ARRAH, BIHAR, INDIA.

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CONTENTS (1) APPRECIATIONS ... Many scholars (2) ANCIENT SOUTH INDIAN JAINISM ... Prof. B. Seshagiri .Rao, . M.A Ph.D. ... ... 5 (3) A NOTE OF DESIGANA ... M. Govind Pai ... (4) EDITORIAL ... Hiralal, Kamta Prasad ... (5) JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA ... Professor Shripad Rama Sharma, M.A, ... ... (6) JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA ... Professor Shripad Rama Sharma, M.A. ... ... 83 (7) MESSAGE ... ... ... Champat Rai Jain, Bar-at-Law 1 ..(8) MATHEMATICS OF EMICHANDRA Bibhutibhushana Dutta . ... 25 (9) NAYAKUMAR CHARIU ... Prof. Hiralal Jain, M.A.LL.B. 11 (10) RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM ... S. C. Ghoshal. M.A.B.L., Saraswati, Kavy a tirtha, Vidyabhusan, Bharati 67 (11) WHO WAS THE OF FOUNDER JAINISM ? B. Kamta Prasad Jain ... 19

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jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara arthAt prAcIna jaina-itihAsa, sAhitya evaM zodha-sambandhI traimAsika patra bhAga 2] . [kiraNa 1 - sampAdaka-maNDala prophesara hIrAlAla, ema. e., ela.ela. bI. prophesara e0 ena0 upAdhye, ema.e. bAbU kAmatA prasAda ema. Ara. e. esa. paNDita ke mujabalI zAstrI, nyAyAcArya 40 jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana pArA-dvArA prakAzita bhArata meM) videza meM ) eka prati kA // vikrama samvat 1662 /

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bhAskara dalane ko pAkhaNDa loka kA, karane ko jaga kA uddhAra, prakaTa ho rahA ! vizva-gagana meM, dinakara-sama yaha vIra kumaar| vighaTa gayI hiMsA kI rajanI, gayA anekoM kA abhimAna, hue sabhI harSita taba isase, banI bhUmi yaha svarga-samAna / ___ (paM0 guNabhadra jI) zrImAn bAbU choTelAla jI ke sahaja saujanya se prApta THE S.P. W ARRAR.

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// zrIjinAya namaH / / CONOMINOW ANTERWARDSTICHHA tA ROS SUVHIDYA SUNDATION MUNNAutanRTAIRMALAITLEYHAIN IMILIARATRAINRITITIRIRAM THE JAINA ANTIQUARY. jainapurAtatva aura itihAsa-viSayaka traimAsika patra bhAga 2 jUna se agasta 1935 taka jyeSTha se zrAvaNa vIra ni0 2461 taka bhAskara-svAgatASTaka (le0-50 haranAtha dvivedI, kAvya purANatIrtha, sampAdaka "hitaiSI") zuci ruci ke rucira rasIle, raMga meM raMga kara ra~garAte / bhrama-toma-timira-jAloM ko, AbhA se dUra bhagAte / / nirmala-nigamAmbujarAjI, madu maJjula ko vikasAte / bhArata-zruta-bhavya-bhavana ko, bhAsita karate haiM pAte /

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bhAskara (3) para tatvoM ke tigma aMzu phailAte / itivRtta - jagat sadvRtta' - sudhA - saritA kA, sIkara pIkara iThalAte // (4) matabheda- kumuda - kuJjoM ko, kuMcita sadbhAva - pramuda - puJja ko, samudita karate karate kumhalAte / mudamAte || (x) kuvicAra - divAndha khargoM se, kudRgoM kI dRSTi nazAte / suvicAra - vipula vihagoM kA, kala komala gAna sunAte || (6) / nija-aruNa kiraNa-maNDala kA, mahi ko maNDana pahinAte / sAhitya - zubhra puSkara ke, priya puSkaraH parama suhAte / (7) matsaramalIna - uDumAlA, satvara sampUrNa DubAte | sahayoga-vidhura bihagI" - ura, priya-praNaya-prabhA camakAte || (5) for kalita karoM se pyAre, nita lalita lavanatA lAte / Ate bhAsvara 'bhAskara' kA, svAgata karate na aghAte / / [ bhAga 2 1 sambak cAritra 2 ulUka 3 AkAza 1 kamala 1 cakravAkI 6 'karoM' kA vizeSaNa

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prakAzakIya vaktavya sarva-prasiddha saMsAra kI parivartanazIlatA kA gIta gAne ko aba AvazyakatA nahIM hai / pratyeka samAja aura prANI ko navInatA kA nUtana dRzya pala-pala dRggocara ho rahA hai| aisI dazA me kisI deza athavA samAja kA sAhitya athavA itihAsa isa amiTa evaM nizcita navInatA kA zikAra bane binA bhalA kaise raha sakatA hai ? isI purAtana paddhati ke pathika he'kara jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ko bhI kaI kalevara badalane par3e--aneka aThakheliyA~ khelanI pdd'iiN| para, itane para bhI ; aise viSama samama me bhI isane apanI prakRta sattA rakSita rakhI avazya / eka vaha bhI samaya thA jaba ki agAdha jJAna bhANDAra ke sucatura saMrakSaka prAtaHsmaraNIya zrIsamantabhadra aura ArAdhyapAda akalaGkadeva Adi AcAryoM kI niSkalaGka evaM pradIpta sAhityika pratibhA ke lohe saba kisI ko mAnane par3ate the-nAva-dharma ke AdarzabhUta mahArAja amoghavarSa aura cAmuNDa rAya Adi jaina rAjAoM kI DaMke kI coTa se samudghoSita zAstrIya ghoSaNA sabhI sAhityika zUra-vIroM ko kAna khola kara sunanI par3I thii| para, hAya ! eka usa dudaivagrasta yuga kI yAda Aye binA nahIM rahatI, jima dinoM bhAratIya sudhAsarovara kI ahiMsArasApluta svarNamayI machaliyA~ nirdayatA kI vaMzI kA zikAra bana kara apane jIvana kI ghar3iyA~ gina rahI thiiN| balki una dinoM, athaka parizrama se saJcita apanI amUlya sAhitya-sampatti luTatI dekhakara AcAryoM evaM RSi muniyoM kI yahI divya AkAzavANI suna par3atI thI ki "koyala ! hai yaha pAvasa mauna ho, baiTha karIla kI DArina pyArI / dAdura kI TiTikArina meM tuva bolive kI hai kahA aba vArI ?" khaira samaya ne palaTA khaayaa| vaha samaya bhI parivartana ke pacar3e meM par3akara gujara gayA / pakSapAtarahita kucha sAhityikoM aura aitihAsikoM kI saMkhyA bddh'ii| inheM sAhitya-tRSA kI AturatA meM jo kucha khaTTI-mIThI, ulaTI-sIdhI milI usI se apanI jJAnapipAsA zAnta karane kI ceSTA karane lge| yahA~ taka ki zIghratA meM sthAdvAda-siddhAnta ke pradhAna pRSThapoSaka jainadharma ko kucha loga kSaNikavAdI baudharma kI zAkhA bhI mAnane lge| mAnane hI taka nahIM lage balki sthAyI sAhitya-rUpa aitihAsika pustakoM meM isa apane bhrAnta siddhAnta ko Azraya bhI dene lge| . sAhitya evaM itihAsa-saMsAra meM aisI hI gar3abar3ajhAlA aura ulajhana ko dekhakara Aja se lagabhaga bIsa varSa hue jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para pUrA prabhAva DAlane kI sadicchA se isa jaina-siddhAnta bhAskara kA udaya huA thaa| jaina zilAlekha, tAmrapata, AcAryapaTTAvalI evaM prazastiyA~ pracura parimANa meM nikAla kara isane apane sukAnta kalevara ko AkarSaka banAne meM jarA bhI kora-kasara nahIM kI thii| gine guthe itihAsa vettAoM kA AdarapAsa bhI ho hI calA thA, kintu vyApAra paTu jainiyoM ke zikSAsaMgharSa meM sabase pIche par3e rahane evaM totA-mainA ke kisse aura candrakAntA santati jaise upanyAsoM ke panne ulAune bhara taka svAdhyAya dharma kI iti zrI samajhane ke hetu samAja kI udAsInatA

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bhAskara bhAga 2 aura prAhakasaMkhyA kI muSTimevatA kI ghanaghora-ghaTA ne bhAskara kI kiraNoM ko prakAzita hone meM anivArya aGgA lagA kara ise astaMgata kara diyA / astu "jaina-hitaiSI evaM zvetAmbara samAja se nikalanevAle "jainasaMzodhaka" se jaina-sAhitya aura itihAsa-rakSA kI sAntvanA sadA milatI rhii| kintu inake bhI banda ho jAne para idhara itihAsa aura anusandhAna kI ora sarvatobhAva se pravRtta aitihAsika vidvAnoM kI prAcInatA kI taha kI bAta jAnane kI prabala pravRtti dekha aura jainadharma tathA itihAsa ke sacce sahRdaya evaM prasiddha unnAyaka kalakattA-nivAsI zraddhava bhAI choTelAla jI kI preraNA ke prAbalya kA anubhava kara isa svarNamaya yuga meM aitihAsika jagat meM prakAza DAlane kI kAmanA se bhavana ne astaMgata bhAskara ko punaH prakAzita kara pRSTatA kA paricaya diyA hai avazya, kintu jaina-samAja yaha sAhityika kArya sAmayika samajha kara isakA svAgata evaM abhinandana karegA, bhavana ko yaha bhI dRr3ha dhAraNA hai| bhAskara kA dhyeya vahI purAnA hai| yadi koI vizeSa parivartana hai to yahI ki aMgrejI par3he likhe vidvAnoM ke liye kucha pRSThoM meM aMgrejI meM jainadharma viSaya sAhitya evaM itihAsa-sambandhI lekha raheMge tathA kramazaH prakAzita honevAle koI prAcIna grantha aura bhinna bhinna prazastiyoM kA prakAzana / hA~, anyAnya mAsika patroM kI apekSA agara kucha kamI rahegI to isI bAta kI ki isameM kissekahAnI, AkhyAyikA upanyAsa aura ha~sI-dillagI caTapaTe Adi viSayoM kA atyantAbhAva rhegaa| kevala AcAryoM ke mastiSka kI bAteM rheNgii| isaliye Ajakala ke manoraJjaka samAcAra prasoM ke yuga meM bhAskara ke kucha pAThakoM ko to lohe ke cane cibAne kA sA akhregaa| para kiyA kyA jAya ? bhAskara ke dhyeya kI ora dhyAna dene se isameM ha~sI-khuzo evaM kuzto kI guMjAyaza hI nhiiN| sAtha hI sAtha jaina aitihAsika utkarSa abhivyakta karane ke atirikta sAmpradAyikatA kI zRGkhalA kI jakar3abandI ise pasanda nahIM, kyoMki yaha to sabhI jaina-sampradAyoM kI sahAnubhUti-sudhA kA pAna kara amara banane kI ceSTA kregaa| kisI patra ke sucArurUpa se saMcAlana meM daba aura laikhika sAdhana kI paramAvazyakatA hotI hai| damba ke liye jaina samAja lakSAdhipati evaM koTyadhipati Adi sampannatAsUcaka pracura prakhyAti prApta kara cakA hai| aba rahI laikhika sAdhana kI AvazyakatA, so aba isa samAja meM sAhitvika zUravIroM kI viralatA bhI bar3e vega se vilIna hotI calI jAtI hai| AvazyakatA hai kevala apane sAhitva aura itihAsa se saccI lagana kii| samAja se jahA~ ise thor3A mI Azraya milA yahA~ vaha apanI sunahalI evaM gulAbI kiraNoM se yahA~ kI kauna bAta kahe dezadezAntaroM meM bhI vidvAnoM kA cittAkarSaka kie binA vaha nahIM rhegaa| bhAskara ne apane sthAyI jaina itihAsa aura sAhitya ke prakAzana-dvArA jainajanatA ko jo kucha bhI sevA kI hai, usakA ise garva hai| jisa prakAra yuddha meM bAra bAra hAra khAkara utsAhahIna tathA niSkriyazIna ho baiThe hue eka prasiddha bAdazAha annakaNa ko le jAne meM asaMkhya bAra viphala pravAsa hone para bhI anta meM kRtakArya huI catura cIMTI kI avizrAnta adhyavasAyazIlatA aura cAturI se "punaH karo udyoga" kI punIta zikSA ke phalasvarUpa punarudyoga se samaravijayI banA usI prakAra AzAvAditA ke

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kiraNa !] prakAzakIya vaktavya Adarza ko Age rakha kara hI bhAskara ne udayAcala ke zikharArUr3ha hone kI kamanIya kAmanA kI hai| bhavana ne apanI saMcita sAhitya-sampatti ko bhAskaradvArA prakAzita kara apanA kartantra pAlana kiyA / dekheM samAja kisa rUpa meM apanA kartavyapAlana karatA hai| davAdharma ke prANasvarUpa sahRdaya jaina bandhuvAndhavoM ko apanI jIvanamUri sAhityika kRtiyA~ aneka zAstra-bhANDAgAroM meM dImaka evaM kIr3oM kI khurAka hotI de kara unake uddhAra kI ceSTA karate hue apanI sImita dayA evaM ahiMsA-dharmakSetra kA vistAra karanA caahiye| apane apane kAlijoM ke kAmoM meM sadA astavyasta rahanevAle prophesara bAbU hIrAlAla jI jaina ema0e0, prophesara A. N. upAdhye M.A. evaM jaina sAhitya kI avirata sevA karanevAle bAbU kAmatA prasAda jI jaina M. R. A.S. jaise durddharSa vidvAn sampAdakoM ko pAne ke saubhAgya kA bhAskara ko akharva garva hai| yaha suvarNasaMyoga hI bhAskara kI sarvAGgasundaratA evaM prakRta vidvAnoM kI manohArikatA kI zubha sUcanA diye detA hai| sAtha hI sAtha jaina sAhityikoM meM khyAti pAye hue bhavana ke suyogya pustakAlayAdhyakSa paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI jI kI bhI sampAdaka-zreNI meM praviSTa hone kI anumati kama prazaMsanIya nahIM hai| arthAt ina ullikhita vidvAnoM ne jo "bhAskara" ke sampAdana kA uttaradAyitvapUrNa bhAra bahana karane meM koI AnA kAnI nahIM kI hai isake liye bhAskara kA prakAzaka yaha "bhavana" ina mahAzayoM kA cirakRtajJa hai| astu, bhAskara ke prakAzana kI cirasthAyitA anuprAhaka grAhakoM kI guNagrAhikatA, jaina sAhitya tathA itihAsapriyatA ke upara nirbhara hai| kyoMki isakI kiraNeM bhavana kI cahAradivAlI athavA alamAriyoM ke bhItara hI Tima-TimAtI raheM isIliye nahIM isakA prakAzanArambha huA hai| bhAratIya itihAsoM ke samarakSetra meM jainaitihAsa bhI apane purAtana pramANabala se aMgada jaise bar3I dRr3hatA ke .sAtha sabala paira ar3A kara lalakAratA rahe-yahI isake prakAzana kA antima aura pavitra dhyeya hai| AzA hai ki sabhI sahRdaya bandhugaNa prakAzakIya vaktavya ke isa niSkarSa se sarvathA sahamata hoNge| nivedakacakrezvara kumAra jaina (B.Sc. B.L.)

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jaina-mUrtiyA~ (lekhaka-kAmatA prasAda jaina, ema0 Ara0 e0 esa0) "sammattarayaNajuttA NibharabhattIya nnishcmccNti| kammarakavaNa NimittaM devA jiNaNAha paDimAu // " -tiloyaparaNati / kRtajJatA prakAza karane kA bhAva manuSya meM svAbhAvika hai| nirIha asabhya manuSya bhI apane vIra pUrvajoM kA smaraNa karake isa bhAva ko vyakta karate haiN| aisA koI sahRdaya nahIM jo apane upakArI ke prati prema na kare aura usa prema ko vaha vividha prakAra se prakaTa karane kA udyama karatA hai| landana ke drAphalagara skvAyara meM prativarSa hajAroM aMgreja nara-nArI eka khAsa dina ikaTe hote haiM aura vahA~ para jo prasiddha nAvika eDamirala nelasana kI pASANa-mUrti banI huI hai, usake sAmane nAcate-gAte aura nelasana ko prazaMsA ke gIta gA-gA kara usa pASANa mUrti para DheroM hAra aura phUla car3hA dete haiN| aMgrejoM ko yaha kriyA usa pASANa-patthara kI pUjA nahIM hai, balki usa mahApuruSa ke upakAra ke prati bhakti kA pradarzana haiN| bhaktajana apane upakArI kI parokSa-vinaya karane ke liye usakI AkRti - ko sthApanA pASANa-kATha Adi meM kara lete haiN| yaha eka svAbhAvika niyama hai| jainadharma meM bhI mUrti sthApanA kA AdhAra 'yaho niyama hai| zrIvidyAnaMdisvAmI apane pAtra.kesarI stotra' ke nimna zloka meM yahI prakaTa karate haiM : 'vimokSasukhacaityadAnaparipUjanAdyAtmikAH . kriyaabhuvidhaasubhRnmrnnpiiddnhetvH| tvayA jvalitakevalena nahi dezitAH kintutA stvayi prasRtibhaktibhiH svayamanuSThitAH zrAvakaiH // 36 // arthAt-"vimokSa sukha ke liye caityAlayAdi kA nirmANa, dAna kA denA, pUjana kA karanA ityAdi rUpa se athavA inheM lakSya karake jitanI kriyAyeM kI jAtI haiM aura jo aneka prakAra se basa-sthAvara jIvoM ke maraNa tathA pIr3ana kI kAraNIbhUta haiM, una saba kriyAyoM kA, he kevalI bhagavAn ! Apane upadeza nahIM diyA; kintu Apake bhaktajana zrAvakoM ne bhakti se prerita hokara unakA anuSThAna kiyA hai|"

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kiraNa ? jaina-mUrtiyA~ dUsare zabdoM meM yUM samajhiye ki arahaMta bhagavAna ne mokSamArga kA nirUpaNa karake jo loka kA kalyANa kiyA hai, usa upakAra ke liye kRtajJatA-jJApana karanA zrAvakoM ke liye svAbhAvika thA-bhaktibhAva se prerita hokara unhoMne bhagavAna ke pratyakSa darzana na hone para unake pratibimba banAye aura vaha pratibimba unake liye vItarAga bhAva kI zikSA dene meM bhI kAryakArI hue| unakI AkRti ThIka vItarAga aura samadRSTi ko liye hue banAI gii| yahI kAraNa hai ki samyakadRSTI jIva jinapratimA ko sAkSAt jinendra bhagavAn samajhakara pUjatA hai aura zubhabhAvoM ke phalarUpa apane karmoM kA taya karatA hai| usake liye vaha maMgala-vastu hai| isa prakAra jina pratimA kI AvazyakatA prAkRta spaSTa hai aura cUMki manuSya aura manuSyasvabhAva trikAla meM eka samAna hai, isaliye ina pratimAoM kA janma anantabhUta meM garmita hai| loka meM kahIM na kahIM tatva-rUpa meM usakA astitva rhegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadharma meM mUrtiyAM do taraha kI batAI gaI haiM (1) kRtrima aura (2) akRtrima / akRtrima pratimAyeM sAre loka meM phailI huI haiN| bhavanavAsI devoM ke AvAsoM meM, jyotiSI devoM ke vimAnoM meM, kalpavAsI devoM ke svargoM meM aura manuSyaloka ke vividha sthAnoM meM ratnamayI zAsvata jina pratimAoM kA astitva jainazAstra batalAte haiM aura unakI ThIka ThIka ginatI bhI unameM batA dI gaI hai| jambUdvIpa meM bhI kaI sthaloM para aisI jinapratimAyeM haiN| unameM mukhya jambUdvIpa kI cAroM dizAoM para sthita cAra dvAroM para virAjamAna haiN|' 1 bhaktyA'hatpratimA pUjyA kRtrimA'kRtimA sadA / __ vatastadguNasaMkalpAtpratyakSaM pUjito jinaH ||42||6||-dhrmsNgrh zrAvakAcAra / 2 "tacca maMgalaM nAma sthApanA dravyakSetrakAlabhAvabhedAdAnaMdajanaka SoDhA sthApanA maMgalaM kRtimAkRtimAjinAdInAM pratibimbaM / ityAdi / " -aMgommaTasAra jIvatatvapradIpikA TIkA (kalakatto) pRSTha 2 3 'kRtvA'kRtimacAracaityanilayAnnityaM vilokIgatAn / ipyAdi |'-jinpuujaa| 4 tiloyapaeNati' meM inakA vizeSa varNana hai / 'caracAzataka' meM unakI ginatI isa prakAra kI hai : "sAta kirora bahattara lAkha, patAlavirSe jinamaMdira jAnau / madhyahi loka meM cAra sau ThAvana, vyaMtara jotika ke adhikAnau // lAkha caurAsI hajAra satAnabai, teisa Uradha loka bakhAnau / ekeka maiM pratimA zata pATha, nauM tihu joga trikAlu sayAnau // 36 // " 5 "vijayaMta vaijayaMta jayaMta aparAjayaMta NAmehiM / cattAri duvArAI jaMbUdIve caudisAsaM // sI hAsaNatyattayabhAmaMDalacAmarAdiramaNijjA / ravaNamayA jiNapaDimA goura dAre sohaMti ||"-tiloypnnnnti|

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 ina akRtrima pratimAoM ke atirikta kRtrima pratimAyeM manuSya nirmita haiN| isa alpakAla meM sabase pahale RSabhadeva ke putra prathama sArvabhauma samrAT bharata cakravartI ne jina - pratimAoM kI sthApanA kI thii| jisa samaya RSabhadeva sarvajJa tIrthaMkara hokara isa dharAtala ko pavitra karane lage to usa samaya bharatacakravartI ne toraNoM aura ghaMTAoM para jina - pratimAyeM banavAkara bhagavAna kA smAraka kAyama kiyA thA? / uparAnta unhoMne hI bhagavAn ke nirvANadhAma kailAza parvata para tIrthakaroM kI caubIsa svarNamayI pratimAyeM nirmApita karAI thiiN| jainazAstra kA yaha kathana prAkRta - susaMgata hai| manuSya - prakRti yaha hai ki vaha apane premI athavA mAnyapuruSa kA smAraka - cihna apane nagara aura grAma meM sthApita kare aura usake mRtyusthAna para khAsataura para cihna banA deve / Aja zaharoM meM rAjAzroM aura dezanetAoM kI mUrtiyAM banI milatIM haiM / aura loga mahApuruSoM ke tIrtha -sama pUjate milate haiN| bharata mahArAja kA kArya bhI isI DhaMga kA thaa| toraNoM aura ghaMToM para jina pratimAyeM aGkita karAI / prAcIna bhArata meM bar3e-bar3e nagara parakoTe se ghire rahate the aura unameM toraNa dvAra tathA unameM laTakate hue ghaMTe khAsa cIja hote the / ina khAsa sthAnoM para smAraka - cihna banAyA jAnA svAbhAvika thA / uparAnta jaba bhagavAna RSabhadeva kailAza se mukta huye to usa pavitra sthAna para vizeSarUpa meM jina pratimAoM kA bharatezvara ne banavA diyA / kintu ina jina pratimAoM ko banavAne meM mukhya preraka hRdaya kI bhakti thI / aura unake banavAne kA uddezya sAkSAt jina bhagavAn kI vItarAga mudrA ke darzana pA lenA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki ye pratimAyeM sAdhAraNa netA Adi mukhya puruSoM ke smArakoM se vizeSatA rakhatI thIM aura vaha vizeSatA unake jinendravat pUjya mAnane meM thI / isa prakAra jaina zAstrAnusAra isa kAla meM jina pratimA ke janma kA yaha itihAsa hai / mRtyusthAna ko pahale unhoMne t abataka upalabdha huA bhAratIya purAtattva bhI jina mUrti kI uparyukta prakAra bahuprAcInatA kA samarthana karatA hai| isa samaya sindhu kI upatyakA kA purAtatva sarvaprAcIna hai aura vidvajjana usase jina pratimA kA sambandha sthApita karate haiM / isa viSaya para hama AgAmI eka svataMtra lekha - dvArA vicAra kreNge| arthAt Aja se lagabhaga hai hajAra varSa pahale bhI isase yaha spaSTa hai ki basa prAcIna kAla uparAnta mathurA aura jina - mUrtiyA~ thIM / 1-8 zrI Adi purANa dekho / Survival of the Prehistoric Civilisation of the Indus valley, pp. 25-83 and Modern Review, August, 1932,

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tIrthaMkara zrIpArzva nAtha jI kI mUrti ( dakSiNa bhAratIya kalA ) tIrthakara zrIpuSpadanta jI kI mUrti ( dakSiNa bhAratIya kalA bhAskara

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kiraNa 1] jaina-mUrtiyA~ khaNDagiri-udayagiri kA purAtattva bhI jina-mUrti ke prAcIna astitva kA dyotaka hai| IsvI pahalI zatAbdI meM mathurA meM vaha prAcIna stUpa maujUda thA jo usa samaya 'devanirmita' samajhA jAtA thA aura jise DaoN. bulhara tathA sara vinsenTa smitha ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke samaya arthAt IsvI ke pUrva AThavIM zatAbdI kA batAyA thaa| jainastUpa para mUrtiyAM banI hotI haiM, yaha bAta jainazAstroM aura mathurA ke stUpAvazeSoM se spaSTa hai| ataH bha0 pArzvanAtha jI ke samaya meM bhI jina-pratimA kA honA siddha hai| prAcIna kAla meM jinamUrtiyoM ke hone kA samarthana khaNDagiri-udayagiri ke prasiddha hAthIguphAvAle zilAlekha se bhI hotA hai, jisameM likhA hai ki eka nanda rAjA kaliGga se anajina kI pratimA ko magadha le gayA thA, use kaliGgacakravartI aila khAravellu vApasa kaliGga le Aye the| nandakAla meM jo pratimA khUba prasiddhi pA cukI thI, usakA eka kAphI samaya pahale nirmita honA susaGgata hai| ataH yaha ullekha bhI jinamUrti ke prAcIna astitva kA poSaka hai| kintu prazna yaha hai ki prAcInakAla meM jina-mUrtiyAM kisa DhaMga kI banatI thIM ? isa viSaya para digambara aura zvetAmbara jaina saMpradAya kI mAnyatA bhinna hai ; yadyapi ve donoM jina pratimA ko ukta prakAra prAcIna mAnane meM ekamata haiN| digambaroM kI mAnyatA hai ki jinapratimA zubhalakSaNa yukta nAsAgra dRSTimaya aura zrIvatsacihna se aGkita nagna zRGgAra-vastrarahita honA caahiye| zvetAmbaroM kI mAnyatA isase vilakSaNa hai| unakA mata hai ki prAcIna jina-pratimAoM para na vastralAMchana hotA thA aura na spaSTa nagnatva hI ! unake isa kathana se kucha bhI bhAva spaSTa nahIM hotaa| usa para prAcIna jina-pratimAoM ke viSaya meM 1 Jaina Stupa and other antiquities of Mathur, p. 13. 2 janala Ava vihAra eNDa or3IsA risarca sosAiTI bhAga 13 pRSTa 3 "kakSAdiromahInAMgasmazra lezavivarjitaM / sthitaM pralambitaM hastaM zrIvatsADhya digambaraM // palvaMkAsanakaM kurvAcchilpizAstrAnusArataH / nirAyudhaM ca nistrIka 5 saMpAdivivarjitaM // ityAdi ||"-jinyjnykl 4 "puci jiNapaDimANaM nagiNatta neva navi a pllvo| teNaM nAgATeNaM bheo ubhaesi sNbhuuo||"-prvcnpriikssaa 'pravacanaparIkSA kI ukta gAthA usa kathA ke prakaraNa meM hai jisameM girinAra aura zatrujaya para digambara aura zvetAmbaroM ke bIca jhagar3A hone kA kathana hai| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'Age

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 jo varNana unake zAstroM meM milatA hai, vaha isI bAta kA dyotaka hai ki prAcIna pratimAyeM nagna banAI jAtI thiiN| mathurA aura khaNDagiri-udayagiri kI prAcIna pratimAyeM nagna hI haiM, jase ki digambaroM kI mAnyatA hai| isake atirikta ajaina zAstrakAra bhI jina-pratimAoM kA svarUpa vaisA hI batalAte haiM jaisA ki digambara zAstra prakaTa karate haiM / dekhiye 'barAhamihirasaMhitA meM kahA gayA hai: __ "AjAnu lambavAhuH zrIvatsAGkaH prazAntamUrtizca / digvAsAstaruNo rUpavAMzca kAryo'rhatAM devaH // 45 // 58 // " arhanta kI prazAntamUrti zrIvatsa cihna se aGkita taruNarUpa lambI bAhoM vAlI naMgI hotI hai| 'mAnasAra' zAstra se spaSTa hai ki jina-mUrtiyAM ThIka manuSyAkRti kI-do bAhoM, do A~khoM, eka sira sahita hotI haiM aura vaha nirAbharaNa va vastrarahita nagna hotI hai| yathA "nirAbharaNasarvAGganirvastrAgamanoharam / satyavakSasthale hemvrnnshriivtslaanychnm|" ----------- kisI prakAra kA jhagar3A na hone pAve isaliye aba jo naI pratimAyeM banavAI jAya, unake pAdamUla meM vastra kA cihna banA diyA jaay|' (mA paDimANavivAo hohItti viciMtaUNa siri sNghoN| kAsI . pallavaciM, navANa paDimANapayamUle // ) isase spaSTa hai ki prAcIna pratimAyeM nirAbharaNa aura vastrarahita hotI thiiN| zrIratnamaNDanagaNi ke "sukRtasAgara" nAmaka graMtha se spaSTa hai ki girinAra para zrIneminAtha svAmI kI pratimA zRGgArarahita nagna thii| zrIratnamandiragaNi kI 'upadezataraMgiNI' se bhI isI bAta kA samarthana hotA hai| ina uddharaNoM ko zrI paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne apane vyAkhyAna meM peza karake yaha darazAyA hai ki mUrti para zRGgAra karane aura vastra pahanAne kI prathA navIna hai| hamAre zvetAmbara bhAI prAcIna pratimAoM meM liGga cihna honA nahIM mAnate ; kintu mathurA Adi kI prAcIna pratimAyeM unakI isa mAnyatA kA khaMDana karatI haiN| kinhIM jina-pratimAoM meM, jo palyaMkAsana hotI hai, zilpakAra apanI suvidhA ke lie liMga-cihna nahIM bhI banAtA hai| aisI pratimAyeM digambara-maMdiroM meM dekhane ko milatI haiM, kintu isapara se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki pratimAoM kA prAcIna rUpa nana nahIM thaa| 1 "dvibhujaM ca dvineta ca muNDatAraM ca zIrSakam |"--maansaar 72 / 2. mAnasAra 81-82 /

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kiraNa ?] jaina-mUrtiyA ina ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki jinamUrtiyoM kA prAcIna rUpa vastrarahita nagna thA aura vaha ThIka vaisA hI thA jaisA ki digambarAmnAya ke zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai| yadi isake viparIta jinapratimA kA svarUpa vastra aura AbharaNoM se zRGgArita mAnA jAya to vahA~ jinapratimA kI sthApanA kA mahattva hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, kyoMki zAstrakAra kA vacana hai: 'kathayanti kaSAyamuktilakSmI, parayA zAntatayA bhavAntakAnAM / praNamAmi vizuddhaye jinAnAM pratirUpANyabhirUpamUrtimanti // ' arthAt-"janma maraNa kA anta kara denevAle jinoM kI mUtiyA~ jo bilkula unhoM kI jaiso hotI haiM apanI utkRSTa zAnti ke dvArA yaha batalAtI haiM ki kaSAyamukti kaise prApta kI jAtI hai| isaliye maiM unheM vizuddhi prApta karane ke liye praNAma karatA huuN|" aba bhalA kahiye, una mUrtiyoM para vastrAdi zRGgAra kaise saMbhAvita ho sakatA hai| ataH yaha mAnanA Thoka hai ki prAcIna jina-pratimA nirAbharaNa aura nirvastra hotI thI ! 'pratiSThAsAroddhAra' natha meM unakA ullekha isa prakAra hai : "zAMtaprasannamadhyasthanAsAgrasthAvikAradvak / saMpUrNabhAvarUrU'nuviddhAMgaM lakSaNAnvitam // 63 // raudrAdidoSanirmukta prAtihA kayatayuk / nirmApya vidhinA pIThe jinaviMbaM nivezayet // 64 // " arthAt-"jo zAMta, prasanna, madhyastha, nAsapasthita avikArI dRSTivAlI he|, jisakA aMga vItarAgapane sahita ho, anupama varNa ho, aura zubhalakSaNoM sahita ho raudra Adi bAraha doSoM se rahita ho, azoka vRtAdi prAtihAyoM se yukta ho aura donoM tarapha yakSa-yakSI se veSTita ho, aisI jinapratimA ko banavAkara vidhi-sahita siMhAsana para virAjamAna kre|" yaha jina-pratimA kA Adarza-rUpa hai| kintu bahuta sI aisI pratimAyeM milatI haiM jinameM prAtihArya va yakSAdi kucha bhI nahIM hote| isase prakaTa hai ki vyavahAra meM suvidhAnusAra zilpI jina-pratimA ko banAte haiM, jisameM vItarAga dRSTi, saumya AkRti aura nirvastratA honA anivArya hai ! aba prazna yaha hai ki ye pratimAyeM kisa vastu kI aura kina kina mahApuruSoM kI banAI jAtI haiM ? tathA unake banAne ke sthAna kyA kyA haiM ? ina praznoM ke uttara meM hameM "vasunandizrAvakAcArAdi" ke nimna zloka milate haiM : 1 pratiSThAsaroddhAra (bambaI) pRSTha 7 2 basunandi zrAvakAcAra (murAdAbAda) pRSTha 68

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 "maNikaNayaNaruppaya, pittalamutAhalovalAihiM // paDimAlakkhaNavihiNA, jiNAipaDimA ghaDAvijA // 360 // " arthAt-"maNi, sonA, rUpA, pItala, motI aura patthara Adi meM jina bhagavAn ke lakSaNa banavA kara pratimA banavAve / " Adi zabda se matalaba citra, lepamaya vastra, va kATha kI pratimAoM kA hai, jinakI pratiSThA-vidhi bhI unakA prativimba darpaNa meM lekara pASANAdi pratimAke samAna hai| ve pratimAyeM arhata, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhumahArAjakI hotI haiM', kintu mukhyataH inameM arhata pratimAoM kI-unameM bhI tIrthaGkara arhata kI pratimAoM kI hai arhata kI pratimA se tIrthakara kI pratimA ko vyakta karane ke liye pratyeka tIrthaMkara kA cihna unakI pratimA para banA diyA jAtA hai| siddha kI pratimA zarIrAkAra kI rekhAmAtra hotI hai 1 sauvarNa rAjataM vApi paittalaM kAMsyajaM tathA ||-prvaalyN mauktikaM caiva vaiDUryAdisuratnajaM / citra kvaciccandana japaparaM ||-jinyjnyklp| 2 cittapaDalevapaDimAe dappaNe dAviUNa paDibiMba / ' ityAdi-"citAma kI tathA vastra vA bhIta para khIMcI huI jo jinapratimA hai usakA pratibiMba darpaNa meM dikhAve |"-b0 zrA0 / 3 'sUrINAm, pAThakAnAm ca sAdhUnAM ca yathAgamam |-aagm ke anusAra AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI pratimA banAnI cAhiye arthAt AcArya aura upAdhyAya kI pratimAoM ke sAtha zAstra bhI banAnA cAhiye aura sAdhuoM kI pratimA ke sAtha pIchI aura kamaMDalu ! kinhIM kA mata hai ki sAdhuoM kI pratimAyeM na banavA kara unakA niSidhikA para mAtra caraNa cihna hI banAnA cAhiye / naziyA~ iTAvA meM caraNasahita niSadhikA digambara muniyoM kI banI huI haiN| bIjolyA (mevAr3a) meM bhI aisI hI niSAMdhakAyeM haiM ; kintu unameM aisA bhI hai jinapara digambara muniyoM kI mUrtiyAM pIchI kamaMDala-sahita banI huI haiN| vizeSataH sAdhu mahArAja kI pratimA banAne kA rivAja bahuta kama hai| adhikAMza aura prAcIna pratimAyeM to prAyaH arhatabhagavAna kI hI milatI haiN| 4 "sthApayedahatAM chatatayAzokaprakIrNakam / pIThaM bhAmaMDalaM bhASAM puSpavRSTiM ca dundubhim // sthiratarArcayoH pAdapIThasvAdho yathAyatham / lAMchanaM dakSiNe pArve yataM yakSI ca vAmake // gaurgajo'zva: kapiH kokaH kamalaM svastikaH zazI / makaraH zrIgu mo gaMDo mahiSaH kolasedviko // bajra mRgo'jaSTazUgara kalazaH kUrma utpalam / zaMkho nAgAdhipaH siho lAMchanAnyahatA kramAt // " arthAt-"ahaMta pratimA ko tIna chata, do camara, azokavRkSa, dudubhi bAjA, siMhAsana, bhAmaMDala, divya bhASA, puSpavarSA--ina ATha pratihAryo se zobhita kre| usake bAda sthira aura cala donoM pratimAoM meM siMhAsana ke nIce jaisA zAstra meM kahA hai vaise hI sIdhI bAjU meM bhagavAna ke cihna ko aura bAI ora yaha aura yakSI ko khar3A kre| arhatoM ke zarIra ke cihna krama se (1) baila (2) hAthI (3) ghor3A (4) baMdara (5) cakavA (6) kamala (7) sAthiyA (8) caMdramA (6) magara (10) zrIbura (11) gaiMDA (12) bhaiMsA (13) sUara (14) sehI (15) vajra (16) hariNa (17) bakarA (18) maccha (11) kalaza (20) kachuA (21) kamala kI pAMkhurI (22) zaMkha (23) sarpa (24) siMha-ye caubIsa haiN|"-prtisstthaasaaroddhaar pR08

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bhAskara UPPER PART OF A STATUE OF AJAIN TIRTHANKARA MATHURA circa 6TH CENT. Ciren br the Secretary of State for India in Council, 1907. mathuga se prApta eka jaina tIrthakara kI mUrti / (chaThI zatAbdI)

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kiraNa 1 ] jaina - mUrtiyA 13 aura unameM prAtihAryAdi nahIM hote haiM / bhI mUrtiyAM sarva alaMkAroM se bhUSita apane jAtIM haiM / ye saba pratimAyeM do taraha kI inake atirikta yakSoM aura zAsana- devatAoM kI bAhana va AyudhoM sahita sarvAgasundara banAI (1) sthira ( 2 ) aura cala hotI haiN| sthira mUrti vaha hotI hai jo kisI pahAr3a Adi meM ukera kara athavA divAla meM lepa karake banAI jAtI hai aura jo eka sthAna dUsare sthAna para nahIM le jAyI jA sakatI hai / pratimA isake viparIta cAhe kahIM le jAyI jA sakatI haiN| cala ina pratimAoM kA mukhya sthAna jinamandira meM gandhakuTI hai, kintu isake atirikta mAnastambha, caityavRtta, toraNadvAra, AyAgapaTa aura mudrAoM para bhI jinamUrtiyAM banI milatI haiN| mAnastambha jinamaMdiroM ke dvAra para banA hotA hai, jaise ki tIrthakara ke samavazaraNa ke cAra dvAroM para bane hote haiM / inapara kitanI hI jinamUrtiyAM banI hotI haiN| caityavRkSa ke nimna bhAga meM jina - pratimA virAjamAna hotI haiM, jaise nimna zloka se spaSTa hai : : "tatovIthyaMtareSvAsIdvanaM kalpamahIruhAM / nAnAratnaprabhotsarpaddhatadhvAMtaM manoharaM // 124 // catuzcaityadrumAstattvAzokADhyAH syuH prabhAsvarAH / adhobhAge jinAryADhyAH sapIThAztrazobhitAH // 225 // arthAt -"isa bIthI ke bAda dUsarI bIthI meM: kalpavRkSoM kA eka vizAla bana thA jo ki phailI huI ugra ratnoM kI prabhA se samasta aMdhakAra kA nAza karanevAlA aura mahAmanohara thaa| usa kalpavRkSoM ke bana ke aMdara azoka Adi caityavRkSa the jo ki apanI mahAmanohara kAMti se atyaMta dedIpyamAna the / unake nIce ke bhAga meM bhagavAna jinendra kI pratimAyeM thIM evaM ve vRkSamaya siMhAsana aura chattroM se yukta hone ke kAraNa atyaMta zobhAyamAna the / (mallinAthapurANa pRSTha 144) " yaha ullekha zrImallinAtha tIrthakara ke samavazaraNa meM sthita caityavRkSoM kA hai / aise hI caityavRkSa Adi anya tIrthaMkaroM ke samavazaraNa meM bhI hote haiM / inhIM caityavRkSoM kI nakala karake vRkSa kI jar3a se siMhAsana para baiThI huI pASANa mUrtiyAM milatI haiM / 1 'prAtihArya binA zuddhaM siddhaM vimbamapIdRzam / ' -- jinayajJakalpa | 2 'yattANAM devatAnAM ca sarvAlaMkArabhUSitaM / svavAhanAyudhopetaM kuryAtsarvAGgasundaraM // -- jinayajJakalpa 3 "calapaDimAe / uvaraNA bhaNiyA thirAe ya / " - - vasunandI zrAvakAcAra | 4 "paDimANaM aggesuM rayaNathaMbhA havaMti vIsapuDhaM ; paDimA pIDhasaricchA pIThA thaMbhANaNAdavvA / ' - tilAyapaNyati / tato'ntarAMtaraM kiMcidgatvA hemamayonnatAH adhomadhya janA gA dhvajachatA bhUSitAH / caturgopurasaMbaddhazAlalitajaveSTitAH / rejurmadhyeSu bIthInAM mAnastaMbhA manoharAH // -- mahinAtha purANam *

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14 [ bhAga 2 caityavRkSoM ke atirikta stUpoM para bhI jina pratimAyeM hotI haiM / stUpa vastutaH yahI kAraNa hai ki unapara mukhyataH rAmanagara Adi se jo jainastUpoM ke zrImallinAtha tIrthaMkara ke samavazaraNa bhAskara mahApuruSoM ke samAdhisthala para banAye jAte haiM / siddha- pratimA kA bananA batAyA hai| vaise mathurA, namUne mile haiM unameM mahaMta - pratimAyeM banI huI haiN| ke stUpoM kA varNana isa prakAra milatA hai : "vothInAM madhyabhAge tu nava stUpAH samudyayuH / padmarAgamayAH siddhajinabiMbAMdhalaMkRtAH // 134 // stUpAnAmaMtareSveSAM ratnatoraNamAlikAH / bhuriMdradhanurmayya ivodyotitakhAMgaNAH // 135 // arthAt - "galiyoM ke madhyabhAga meM nau stUpa the jo ki padmarAga maNimaya the evaM siddha bhagavAna kI pratimAoM se alaMkRta the / stUpoM ke mAlikA thIM, jinhoMne ki apanI kAMti se samasta ataeva ve indradhanuSamayI sarIkhI jAna par3atI thIM / " madhyabhAgoM meM ratnamaya toraNa aura AkAza ko vyApta kara rakkhA thaa| - mallinAthapurANa pRSTa 146 ) toraNa-dvAroM para jina-pratimAyeM bharata mahArAja ne banavAI thIM aura jambUdvIpa ke cAra toraNa-dvAroM para akRtrima jina pratimAyeM haiM; yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| mathurA se katipaya prAcIna AyAgapaTa mile haiM jo kalA kI adbhuta vastu haiM aura unake madhyabhAga meM jinendra bhagavAna palyaMkAsana virAjamAna haiM / vaha AyAgapaTa maMdiroM ke sabhAmaMDapa athavA zrAvakoM ke gharoM meM pUjA ke liye bane hote the / inakI gaNanA citraja pratimAM meM karanA ThIka hai / jisa taraha kAgaja, vastra yA kA~ca para banA huA hai usI taraha inako bhI dIvAla meM lagAyA jAtA thaa| va kA~ca ke citroM kI pradhAnatA jaba bar3ha aura aba yaha prAyaH nahIM banAye jAte haiN| pahale banAye jAte the jinapara tIrthoM ke citra ko prakaTa karanevAlA eka zilApaTa landana ke briTiza myuz2iyama meM hai / citra dIvAla para TAMgA jAtA mAlUma hotA hai ki kAgaja gaI taba ina prayAgapaToM kA rivAja uTha gayA yaha bhI anumAna hotA hai ki aise bhI zilApaTa ukere huye hote the / sammedazikhara ke dRzya jainasaMgha meM pahale apane dhArmika vizvAsa ko prakaTa karane ke lie tatsambandhI cihnoM se aGkita mudrA banAne kA rivAja thAM / yaha mudrAyeM vaha vipakSI ko bAda ke liye AhvAna karane ke liye cabUtaroM para rakhate the athavA stUpa, vedI, maMdira Adi kI nIva meM unheM rakha dete the 1 Ajakala bhI zrAvaka loga navIna vedI Adi ke nIce pracalita sikkoM ko rakha aba prAiveTa taura para mudrAyeM banAne kA rivAja kAnUnana banda kara diyA gayA hai / dete haiM /

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kiraNa 1 jaina-mUrtiyoM aura aba zAstrArtha kI rIti bhI badala gaI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina mudrAyeM aba dekhane ko nahIM miltii| DaoN. hArNale sAhaba ko paMjAba se aisI mudrAyeM milI thoM aura kaniMghama sAhaba ne bhI jainastUpoM ke nIce vaisI mudrAyeM pAI thiiN| kintu unapara jinapratimA ke citra bane hote haiM yA nahIM; isa viSaya meM kucha bhI nizcayarUpa meM nahIM kahA jA sakatA, jabataka ki prApta mudrAoM kA adhyayana na kiyA jAya ! hA~, sindha-upatyakA se jo prAcIna mudrAyeM milI haiM unameM kAyotsarga pratimAyeM banI huI haiM aura vaha ThIka vaisI hI haiM ki jaisI jinapratimA hoto haiN'| yadi una mudrAoM kA sambandha jaina dharma se pramANita ho sake, jisakA honA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai, to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mudrAoM para jina-pratimA banatI thIM unapara dhArmika cihna to niHsandeha hote the| __ upalabdha jina-pratimAoM para eka dRSTi DAla lenA bhI ucita hai| inheM hama tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta karanA ucita samajhate haiM (1) uttara bhAratIya (2) dakSiNa bhAratIya aura (3) pUrva bhAratIya ! jainasamrATa aila khAravela ke samaya athavA unake bhI pahale se jainadharma ke kendra inhIM tIna pradezoM meM the| mathurA, paTanA, ujjaina aura kAJcIpura jainadharma ke prAcIna kendra haiN| inhIM kendrasthAnoM ke adhIna unake AsapAsa zrAvakoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai aura unapara vahAM ke deza aura logoM kA prabhAva par3anA prAkRta saMgata hai| uttara bhAratIya pratimAoM meM hama saMyukta prAnta se gujarAta taka aura udhara paMjAba taka kI pratimAoM ko lete haiN| ye pratimAyeM prAyaH eka samAna dekhane ko mileNgii| 'eka samAna' se hamArA matalaba mukhAkRti, zarIra-gaThana Adi se hai| vaise svarUpa meM jina-pratimA sarvatra eka-sI hI rahI milegii| paMjAba meM takSazilA Adi se prApta jina-pratimAoM para gAMdhAra-zilpa kA prabhAva par3A kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu uttara bhArata kI prAcIna mUrtiyA~ mathurA kI banI huI kahI jA sakatI haiM aura ve vartamAna kI pratimAoM se zarIra-AkRti Adi meM vilakSaNa haiN| dakSiNa bhArata kI jinamUrtiyA~ bhI uttara bhArata kI mUrtiyoM se zilpa 9 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Sept., 1884. 2 Arch : Survey Reports, vol. III p. 157, vol. X p. 5 and vol. XI pp. 35-39. __ 3 rA0 ba0 mi0 rAmaprasAda candA ne yaha sAdRzya aMgrejI ke prasiddha patra "mADarnarivyU" ke agasta 1632 ke aMka meM eka lekha likhakara prakaTa kiyA hai| vaha likhate haiM ki RSabhajina kI kAyotsarga mUrti se sindhu-mudrAoM para kI mUrtiyA~ bilkula sAdRzya rakhatI haiN| (It will be seen that the pose of this image ('Iinage of Rishabha) closely resembles the standing dieties on the Indus seals.' p. 159). . 4 hamArI 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' nAmaka pustaka dekho|

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bhAskara ___ [ bhAga 2 naipuNya meM bhinnatA rakhatI haiN| unapara drAvir3a logoM kI saMskRti kA prabhAva par3A hai aura ve unhIM kI zarIra-AkRti ko prakaTa karatI haiN| isI taraha pUrva bhArata arthAt baGgAla, bihAra aura or3IsA kI jina-mUrtiyAM vahA~ ke kSetra manuSya aura zilpa kA prabhAva prakaTa karatI haiN| ina dezoM kI jinamUrtiyoM para eka dRSTi DAlane se yaha mUrti-ghar3hane kA bheda spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ___ upalabdha pratimAoM meM vizeSa ullekhanIya dakSiNa bhArata kI gommaTa mUrtiyAM haiN| ye vizAlakAya mUrtiyAM saMsAra meM apane DhaMga kI eka haiN| inameM saba se bar3I pratimA zravaNabelagola meM 566 phITa U~cI hai| kArakala aura beNUra kI pratimAyeM isase choTI haiN| ye dIrghakAyika pratimAyeM zilpa ke apUrva Adarza haiM aura vidvAn inakI ginatI jagata kI Azcaryamaya vastuoM meM karate haiN| kucha aisI jina-pratimAyeM bhI milo haiM jo nitAnta vilakSaNa haiN| lakhanaU ke ajAyaba ghara meM eka mUrti ( No. J 18 ) aisI hai, jisa meM teIsa tIrthakaroM ke bIca meM RSabhadeva ko bhavyamUrti sthApita hai aura usake bAla kaMdhoM taka vikhare hue haiN| alAhAbAda ke kisI eka maMdira meM bhI, mujhe yAda par3atA hai ki maiM ne kucha aisI hI pratimAyeM dekhI thiiN| caumukhI pratimAyeM to bahuta milatI haiN| dharaNendra-padmAvatI kI mUrti para ke phaNamaNDala para banI huI jina pa~timAyeM milatI haiN| dillI ke urdU (lAla ) maMdira meM maiM ne eka aisI mUrti ke darzana kiye haiN| kintu saba se vilakSaNa mUrti vaha hai jo landana ke 'vikoriyA alabarTa myUjiyama' meM naM0 451 ( 451 I. S. ) para rakkhI huI hai| yaha mUrti ukta myUjiyama ko 'IsTa IDiyA kampanI' dvArA bheMTa ko gaI thii| yaha mUrti lAla pASANa kI paryakAMsana meM candra cihna ko liye huI hai, jisa se usakA candraprabha jina kI honA spaSTa hai| vaha 141 iJca UMcI aura 46 iMca caur3I hai| usakA mukha iJca caur3A hai aura usa meM vilakSaNatA yaha hai ki usake sAta mukha bane hue haiN| usa mUrti ke sIdhe hAtha kI hathelI para eka caukona cihna (1) banA huA hai| usa para eka lekha tIna paMktiyoM meM hai, jisa kA aksa DA. lakSmIcandra jI ne bhejane kI kRpA kii| usa para se vaha lekha isa prakAra par3hA jAtA hai :"saM0 1926 30 su0 ( yahAM para ardhacandrAkAra cihna hai ) guru mAdho pu mU (1) bha0 surendakIrta tadA0 saM0 naMdalAlena pra0 tiSTo karApitaM" isa se prakaTa hai ki yaha mUrti san 1866 meM kinhIM bha0 surendrakIrti dvArA mAdhopura meM pratiSThita huI thI aura vaha pratiSThA siMghaI naMdalAla ne karavAI thii| saM0 1548 meM seTa

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saptamukha jina pratimA ( pRSTa 16 dekhiye ) THE TIRTHANKARA bhAvI jina kI mUrti ( dakSiNa bhAratIya kalA ) bhAskara

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kiraNa 1] jaina-mUrtiyA jIvarAja pApar3IvAlene sahara mur3A se meM agaNita jina-vimboM ko pratiSThA karAI thii| unakI pratiSThA karAI huI pratimAyeM sAre uttara bhArata ke jina-maMdiroM meM milatI haiN| mAlUma hotA hai ki musalamAna AkramaNakoM dvArA jina-mUrthiyoM kA ekadama saMhAra huA dekhakara unakI pUrti ke liye seTha jIvarAja jI ne agaNita pratimAyeM pratiSThita karAI thiiN| yaha unakI dharmaprabhAvanA kA vizeSa kArya thaa| itizam !* isa lekha sambandhI mUrtiyoM ke citra bRTiza myUjiyama tathA alavarTa myUjiyama landana ke saujanya aura AjJA se prakaTa kiye jAte haiN| asalI mUrtiyoM ke phoTo zrImAn paNDita campata rAya jI jaina vidyAvAridhi kI kRpA se prApta hue haiM--etadartha hama unakA bhI AbhArI svIkAra karate haiN| -lekhaka .

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pramANanayatatvAlokAlaMkAra kI samIkSA (le0-paMDita vaMzIdhara jI, vyAkaraNAcArya, nyAyatIrtha, sAhitya-zAstrI) prakRta grantha meM pramANa, pramANAbhAsoM tathA naya, nayAbhAsoM kA vivecana sUtroM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha ke dekhane se mAlUma par3atA hai, ki vAstava meM yaha grantha sUtrapranthoM kI koTi se adhika pIche hai| sUtroM meM saralatA, laghutA, pUrvApara saMbandha-vAhakatA pada-sArthakatA Adi Adi bAteM adhika apekSaNIya rahatI haiM, jo ki isa grantha meM nahIM pAyI jAtI haiN| kahIM kahIM para to sUtroM taka kI nirarthakatA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| grantha kA AdhAra tathA grantha kartA kA isa ke gopana karane kA asaphala prayatna ___ yaha grantha digambarAcArya zrImANikyanandI ke sUtragrantha parIkSAmukha ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai tathA isake bahuta kucha viSaya kA AdhAra parIkSAmukha kI TIkA prameyakamala mArtaNDa jAna par3atA hai| yoM to prAyaH sabhI pranyoM meM dUsare granthoM kA kucha na kucha mizraNa pAyA jAtA hai kintu isa grantha meM parIkSAmukha kA vicitra rUpa se hI saMmizraNa kiyA gayA hai| granthakartA ne parIkSAmukha se bheda paidA karane ke liye sUtroM meM zabda-parivartana kA hI prAyaH sarvatra dhyAna rakkhA hai| hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamartha hi pramANaM tato zAnameva tat // 2-2 // parIkSA mu0 abhimatAnabhimatavastusvIkAratiraskArakSama hi pramANamato jJAnamevedam // 3-1 // pra. na0 tatvA / ___ isI taraha kA zabdaparivartana hI sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai| isa prantha meM kama se kama parIkSAmukha ke viSaya meM yadi maulikatA khojI jAya to kahIM kahIM para mila sakatI hai lekina bahuta kama, aura vaha bhI vizeSa mahatva kI nhiiN| kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba pratipAdya viSaya eka hai to maulikatA kahA~ se A sakatI hai ? lekina bAta aisI nahIM hai ; maulikatA racayitA kI racanAzailI se AtI hai| bhale hI pratipAdya viSaya eka ho para, jahA~ zabdaparivartana hI nahIM, kahIM kahIM para to anucita zabdaparivartana se ho grantharacanAko gayI hai vahA~ para maulikatA kI khoja karanA asaphala prayatna hI kahA jaaygaa|

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kiraNa ] pramANanayatatvAlokAlaMkAra kI samIkSA ' isa grantha meM parIkSAmukha se bheda dikhalAne ke liye jo zabda-parivartana kiyA gayA hai usa se sUtroM meM kucha kAThinya AjAnA svAbhAvika hai kintu sUtroM ke dekhane se jAna par3atA hai ki granthakartA ko kAThinyapriya bhI thA jisase sthAna sthAna para zabdADambaratA ko bhI khUba sthAna milA hai| sahacAriNorapi parasparaparihAreNAvasthAnAt sahotpAdAca // 64-3 // (parIkSAmukha) .. sahacAriNoH parasparasvarUpatyAgena tAdAtmyAnupapatteH, sahotpAdena tadutpattivipattezca, sahacarahetorapi prokteSu nAnupravezaH // 76-3 // pra0 na0 ttvaa0| ina donoM sUtroM ke dekhane se mAlUma par3a sakatA hai ki parIkSAmukha ke sUtra meM kitanI saralatA va laghutA pAyI jAtI hai tathA pramANanayatatvAlokAlaGkAra ke sUtra meM kitanI kaThinatA va zabdADambaratA pAyI jAtI hai| isa sUtra para vizeSa vicAra Age kiyA jaaygaa| upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptizAnamUhaH // 11-3 // idamasminsatyeva bhavatyasati na bhavatyeveti ca // 12-3 // parokSAmukha0 / upalambhAnupalambhasaMbhavaM trikAlIkalitasAdhyasAdhanasambandhAdyAlambanam, idamasmin satyeva bhavatItyAdyAkAraM saMvedanamUhAparanAmA trkH|| 7-3 // pra0 na0 ttvaa0| parIkSAmukha ke donoM sUtra sarala aura laghu hote hue bhI jisa artha kA spaSTa bodhana kara rahe haiM usI artha ko pramANanayatatvAlokAlaGkAra kA kaThina sUtra parimoNa meM una donoM sUtroM se lambA hotA huA bhI spaSTha bodhana nahIM kara sakA hai, isIliye sUtra meM do Adi zabda granthakAra ko praviSTa karane par3e haiN| isa sUtra meM "trikAlIkalita" yaha aMza nirarthaka hI hai kAraNa vyApti sarvopasaMhAravatI hI hotI hai arthAt sarva deza, sarvakAla ko vyApta karake hI rahatI hai isaliye isa aMza ke binA bhI vaha artha Age ke aMza se nikala hI AtA hai| jAna par3atA hai granthakAra isa sUtra ko banAte samaya avazya hI kisI dUsare vicAra meM magna the anyathA ve "trikAlIkalita" isa aMza ke sAtha "sarvadezakalita" isa aMza kA bhI sUtra meM niveza karane se nahIM cUkate, kAraNa ki unake matAnusAra isa aMza ke abhAva meM bhI sUtra ke artha meM kamI raha jAtI hai| ho sakatA hai ki granthakAra ne sUtra ke lambepana ke bhaya se hI isa aMza kA niveza na kiyA ho| yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki granthakAra kA 'isa bAta kA bahuta bhaya thA ki hamArA grantha parIkSAmukha kI nakala na samajha liyA jAya, isaliye unhoMne apane prantha kI racanA ko svataMtra siddha karane meM adhika parizrama kiyA

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20 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 hai isakA digdarzana Upara karA hI diyA gayA hai, tathA isake liye grantha meM jahA~ bhI adhika likhane kI svataMtratA milI hai vahAM para unhoMne kucha na kucha likha hI DAlA hai / kahIM kahIM para to isI vicAra meM parIkSAmukha ke kaI upayogI sUtroM kA viSaya bhI chor3a denA par3A hai| ina donoM granthoM ko dekhane se mAlUma par3a sakatA hai| yahAM para lekha bar3ha jAne ke bhaya se nahIM likhA gayA hai| inake viSaya meM isa grantha ko dikhate hue yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, ki granthakartA ne unake likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhI, kAraNa kiM isa prantha meM mAmUlI bhI bAta ko sUtra meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| kahIM kahIM para sUtra- parivartana ke kAraNa granthakAra itanI dUra pahuMca gaye haiM, ki parIkSA mukha kI bhAvapUrNa varNanazailI bhI jAtI rahI hai, isake liye anumAna prakaraNa kA vaha sthala, jahAM para udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ko anumAna meM aprayojaka siddha kiyA gayA hai, vizeSatayA ullekhanIya hai / donoM granthoM ke tIsare pariccheda meM isa prakaraNa ko dekhane se isa kathana kI satyatA kA bhalIbhA~ti anubhava hotA hai| isa lekha meM bhI Age ina sUtroM ko uddhRta kiyA jAyagA / isa grantha meM jitane dRSTAnta diye gaye haiM unameM parivartana ke kAraNa aprasiddhoM ko bahuta sthAna milA hai, jaise (1) ghaTamahamAtmanA vedmi // 8 - 1 | parIkSAmukha0 / karikalabhakamahamAtmanA jAnAmi // 16 - 1 // pra0 na0 tasvA0 / (2) pradIpavat // 121 // parIkSAmukha0 / mihirAlokavat // 17 -1 // pra0 na0 tasvA0 / dRSTAntoM' meM zabdADambaratA ko svataMtratA kA pUrA pUrA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| (3) yathA nadyAstIre modakarAzayaH santi dhAvabhvaM mANavakAH // 52 -6 // parIkSAmukha0 / yathA maikalakanyakAyAH kUle tAla hintAlayormUle sulabhAH piNDakharjUrAH santi tvaritaM gacchata gacchata zAvakAH // 4-6 // (4) yathA pazya puraH sphuratkiraNamaNikhaNDamaNDitAbharaNabhAriNIM jinapatipratimAm // 27-3 // pra0 na0 tasvA0 // kahIM kahIM para zabdoM ke parivartana se parIkSAmukha ke bhAva ko bhI dhakkA pahu~cA hai / ko vA tatpratibhAsinamarthamanyata micchaMstadeva tathA necchet 1 // 11-1 // parIkSAmukha0 / khalu jJAnasyAlambanaM bAhya pratibhAtamabhimanyamAnastadapi tatprakAraM nAbhimanyeta ? // 17 - 1 // pra0 na0 tatvA0 // kaH

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kiraNa ] pramANanayatatvAlokAlaMkAra kI samIkSA parIkSAmukha ke sUtra meM jo komalatAsahita upahAsa pradarzita kiyA gayA hai vaha isa sUtra meM kaThoratA ko liye hue naz2ara AtA hai| vAstava meM to ise upahAsa kahanA hI vyartha hai yahA~ para to kaThoratA ko liye hue apane bacana kA samarthana hI pratIta hotA hai| isameM pUrvApara-saMbandhavAhakatA kA abhAva bhI kama nahIM hai| jaise pattahetuvacanAtmakaM parArthamanumAnam // 23-3 // sAdhyasya pratiniyatadharmisambandhatAprasiddhaye hetorupasaMhAravacanavat pakSaprayogo'pyavazyamAzrayitavyaH // 24-3 // trividhaM sAdhanamabhidhAyaiva tatsamarthanaM vidadhAnaH kaH khalu na pakSaprayogamaGgI kurute // 29-3 // pratyakSaparicchinnArthAbhidhAyi vacanaM padArtha pratyakSaM parapratyakSahetutvAt // 26-3 // ___ yathA pazya puraH sphuratkiraNamaNikhaNDamaNDitAbharaNabhAriNIM jinapatipratimAm // 27-3 // pakSahetuvacanalakSaNamavayavadvayameva parapratipatteraGgana dRSTAntAdivacanam // 28-3 // hetuprayogastathopapatyanyathAnupapattibhyAM dvipakAraH // 26-3 // satyeva sAdhye hetopapattistathopapattiH, asati sAdhye hetoranupapattirevAnyathAnupapattiH // 30-3 // __ yathA kRzAnumAnayaM pAkapradezaH satyeva kRzAnumattve dhUmavatvasyopapatteH, asatyanupapattervA // 31-3 // anayoranyataraprayogeNaiva sAdhyapratipattau dvitIyaprayogasyai katrAnupayogaH // 32-3 // na dRSTAntAdi vacanaM parapratipattaye prabhavati, tasyAM pakSahetuvacanayoreva * vyApAropalabdheH // 33-3 // pra0 na0 tasvA0 // .. yahAM para sUtra naM0 23 meM parArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| usa meM batalAyA hai ki pakSa aura hetu ke prayoga ko pararthAnumAna kahate haiN| sUtra naM0 24, 25 meM parArthAnumAna meM pakSa prayoga kI AvazyakatA batalAyI hai| isake Age krama-prApta to hetuprayoga kA vivaraNa thA lekina granthakAra ne usako chor3a kara sUtra naM0 26, 27 meM parArtha pratyakSa kA svarUpa dRSTAnta batalAyA hai| isa krama kA samarthana isakI TIkA syAdvAdaratnAkarAvatArikA ke kartA ne prAsaGgika mAna kara kiyA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki prasaGga pAkara kisI vastu kA vivevana kiyA jA sakatA hai lekina jahA~ para prasaGga ho vahIM para vaha vivecana upayukta hotA hai| isaliye anyakAra ko yadi parArtha pratyakSa kA kathana karanA abhISTa hI thA to parArthAnumAna ke lakSaNa ke bAda hI sUtra naM0 24, 25 meM usakA vivecana kara sakate the

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 kAraNa vahIM para usakA prasaGga hai pazcAt sUtra naM0 26, 27 meM pakSa-vacana kA samarthana karane se Age ke kathana se usakA saMbandha saMgata ho jaataa| granthakAra kA aise krama kI upekSA karake sUtranirmANa meM parIkSAmukha se bheda dilAne ke atirikta kyA prAzaya thA so samajha meM nahIM aataa| isake Age bhI kramabhaMga kiyA hai / naM0 28 kA sUtra vAstava meM apane sthAna para anupayukta hai, kAraNa ki usakA saMbandha sUtra naM. 33 ke sAtha adhika hai isaliye sUtra naM0 26, 30, 31, 32 ko krama se 28, 29, 30, 31 naM0 para likhakara naM0 32 para ho use likhA jAnA cAhiye, aisA karane se sUtroM kA krama isa prakAra ho jAtA hai pakSahetuvacanAtmakaM parArthamanumAnamupavArAt // 23-3 // pratyakSaparichinnArthAbhidhAyi vacanaM padArthaM pratyakSa parapratyakSahetutvAt // 24 // yathA pazya puraHsphuratkiraNamaNikhaNDamaNDitAbharaNabhAriNIM jinptiprtimaam||25-3|| sAdhyasya pratiniyatadharmisambandhatAprasiddhaye hetorupasaMhAravacanavat pakSaprayogo'pyavazyamAzrayitavyaH // 26-3 // trividhaM sAdhanamabhidhAyaiva tatsamarthanaM vidadhAnaH kaH khalu na pakSaprayogamaGgIkurute // 27-3 // hetupragogastathopapattyanyathAnupapattibhyAM dviprakAraH // 28-3 // satyeva sAdhye hetorupapattistathopapattiH, asati sAdhye hetoranupapattirevAnyathA. nupapattiH // 26-3 // yathA kRzAnumAnayaM pAkapradezaH satyeva kRzAnumatve dhUmavatvasyopapatteH, asatyanupapattervA // 30 -3 // anayoranyatarapayogeNaiva sAdhyapratipatto dvitIyaprayogasyaikatrAnupayogaH // 31-3 // pakSahetuvacanalakSaNamavayavadrayameva parapratipatteraGgana dRSTAntAdivacanam // 32--3 // . na dRSTAntavavanaM parapratipattaye prabhavati tasyAM pakSahetuvacanayoreva vyApAropalabdhaH // 33--3 // pAThaka dekheMge ki yaha krama kitanA saMbaddha bana jAtA hai ! Age isa lekha meM AvazyakatAnusAra ina sUtroM ke naM. isI krama se diye jaayeNge| ina sUtroM meM padoM ko asaMgatatA va nirarthakatA bhI pAyo jAtI hai| sUtra naM0 24 meM "parArtha" pada nahIM dekara yadi 'pratyakSa pada ke Age "api" zabda kA prayoga karake "parArtha" pada kA artha nikAlA jAtA to adhika saMgata hotaa| sUtra na0 26 meM "asati sAdhye hetoranupapattirevAnyathAnupapattiH" isa ke sthAna meM sUtratva kI dRSTi se "asati tvanupapattirevAnyathAnupapattiH" pesA pATha hI saMgata jAna par3atA hai| "sAdhye hetoH" itane aMza kA isI

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kiraNa 1 ] pramANanayatatvAlokAlaMkAra kI samIkSA 23 sUtra ke pUrva aza meM se anusaMdhAna ho sakatA hai| isI ke dRSTAnta sUtra naM0 30 meM svayaM granthakArane bhI "kRzAnumatve dhUmavatvasya" isa aMza kA "asatyanupapattervA" isameM anusaMdhAna kiyA hai| isI taraha sUtra naM0 28 meM "dviprakAraH " yaha pada na bhI diyA jAya to bhI sUtra kA artha asaMgata nahIM hotA hai, isaliye "dvi prakAra : " yaha pada vahAM para nirarthaka hI hai| sUtra naM0 32 meM "pakSahetuva canalakSaNamavayavadvayameva" kI jagaha "patalattaNamavayavadvayameva" yaha a Mza upayukta kahA jA sakatA hai, kAraNa ki parArthAnumAna meM patta - prayoga aura hetu - prayoga ke samarthana kA hI yahAM para prakaraNa hai isaliye sUtra naM0 23 meM parArthAnumAna ke lakSaNa meM kahe hue "pakSa hetuvacanAtmakaM" isa pada kA " tat" isa sarvanAma pada se anusaMdhAna ho sakatA hai| yadi kahA jAya ki "etat " pada se samIpa meM kahe hue tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti donoM hetuoM kA bhI anusaMdhAna ho sakatA haiM isaliye saMdeha ko dUra karane ke liye sUtra meM "patat" pada kA pATha nahIM karake "pakSahetuvacana" isakA pATha kiyA hai / to isakA uttara yaha hai ki pakSa ko parArthAnumAna kA aMga mAnanA caahiye| isakA samarthana svayaM granthakAra ne hI pahile kara diyA hai| isake sAtha yadi hetu ke donoM bhedoM ko zAmila karate haiM to parArthAnumAna ke do aMga nahIM hoMge, tIna ho jaayNge| isase granthakAra kA do avayava svIkAra karanA asaMgata tthhregaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki eka anumAna meM taMthopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti donoM hetuoM meM se eka hI rahatA hai aisA granthakAra bhI pratipAdana kara rahe haiM isaliye phira bhI anumAna ke do aMga nahIM siddha hoNge| tIsarI yaha hai ki yahAM para pakSaprayoga aura hetuprayoga ke varNana kI pradhAnatA hai, na ki hetu ke bhedoM kI, isaliye "pratyAsatteH pradhAnaM balIyaH" (samIpa kI apekSA pradhAna kA hI anusaMdhAyaka pada se grahaNa hotA hai) isa nyAya se pakSa aura hetu vacana kA hI "patat" pada se anusaMdhAna hogA, hetu ke bheda tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti kA nahIM hogaa| cauthI bAta yaha hai ki - granthakAra ne jo krama sUtroM kA rakkhA hai usameM hetu ke bhedoM kA kathana isa sUtra ke bAda hI kiyA hai isaliye usa krama meM to "patat" pada se tatheopapatti anyathAnupapatti hetuoM kA anusaMdhAna honA asaMbhava hI hai isaliye isa sUtra meM " pakSahetubacanalakSaNamavayavadvayameva " isake sthAna meM "palakSaNamavayavadvayameva" pATha rakhanA ucita hai / "patallakSaNamavayavadvayameva " isake bhI sthAna meM yadi "etadvayameva" aisA pATha kara diyA jAya to sUtra meM aura bhI adhika laghutA ho jAtI hai tathA arthapratIti meM bho koI bAdhA nahIM pahuMcatA hai| lekina yaha pad to parIkSAmukha kA hai isaliye granthakAra apane gantha meM kaise rakha sakate the; unhoMne tA isI ke bhaya se "etat " pada taka sUtra meM nahIM Ane diyA / una ke apane sUtroM meM parIkSAmukha se bheda lAne kA adhika dhyAna thA sUtrapane kA dhyAna kama thA, astu ! sUtra naM0

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24 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 33 ke Age sUtroM kA krama granthakartAne isa prakAra likhA hai| na ca hetAranyathAnupapattinirNItaye, yathoktatarkapramANAdeva tadupapatteH // 34-3 // niyatakasvabhAve ca dRSTAnte sAkalyena vyApterayogato vipratipattau tadantarApekSAyAmanavasthiternivAraH samavatAraH // 35-3 // nApyavinAbhAvasmRtaye, pratipannapratibandhasya vyutpannamateH pakSahetupradarzanenaiva ttprsiddhH||36-3|| antarvyAptyA hetoH sAdhyapratyAyane zaktAvazaktau ca bahiryApterudbhAvanaM vyartham // 37-3 // pakSIkRta eva viSaye sAdhanasya sAdhyena vyAptirantAptiranyatra tu bhirvyaaptiH||38-3|| yathAnekAntAtmakaM vastu satvasya tathaivopapatteriti, agnimAnayaM dezo dhUmavatvAt , ya evaMsa evaM yathA pAkasthAnamiti ca // 36 // nopanayanigamanayorapi parapratipattau sAmarthya pakSahetuprayogAdeva tasyAH sadbhAvAt // 40-3 // pra0 na0 tatvA0 / granthakAra ke dvArA na0 28 para kahe hue sUtra kA pahile kahe anusAra na032 para par3hane se sUtra na0 33 meM bho "na dRSTAntavavanaM' isake sthAna meM "taddhi" aisA hI pATha karanA cAhiye jisase sUtra kA svarUpa isa prakAra ho jAtA hai taddhi na parapratipattaye prabhavati, tasyAM pakSahetuvacanayoreva vyApAropalabdheH // 33-3 // isake Age sUtra na0 34 ko isa prakAra par3hanA cAhiye na ca dRSTAntavacanaM hetoranyathAnupapattinirNItaye, yathoktatarkapramANAdeva tdupptteH||34-3|| isa sUtra meM "dRSTAntavavana" yaha pada isaliye par3hanA cAhiye ki sUtra naM033 meM "taddhi" pada se sUtra naM0 32 meM kahe hue "na dRSTAntAdi vacanam" isa pada kA grahaNa hotA hai, isaliye sUtra naM034 meM yadi usakA anusaMdhAna kiyA jAyagA, to dRSTAnta ke sAtha usa sUtra meM prAdi zabda se grahaNa kiye gaye upanaya aura nigamana kA bho isa meM grahaNa karanA par3egA,jo ki aniSTa hai isaliye sUtra naM0 34 meM "dRSTAntavacana" isa pada kA pATha karanA Avazyaka hai| phira bhI isa se sUtroM meM gaurava nahIM hAtA, kAraNa ki jo "dRSTAnta vacanam" yaha pada sUtra naM0 33 meM thA usIko vahAM para nahIM par3ha kara ke sUtra naM. 34 meM par3ha diyA gayA hai| Age ke sUtroM kA kama va svarUpa jaisA hai jaisA hI rahanA cAhiye, kevala isa prakAra ke parirtana se sUtra naM0 40 ko vilkula AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAto hai kAraNa kI sUtra naM. 33 meM kahe hue "taddhi pada se sUtra naM0 32 ke "na dRSTAntAdi vacanam" isa aMza kA grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai, jisa se usa meM kahe hue Adi zabda se upanaya aura nigamana kA bodha ho jAtA hai, jaisA ki svara

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kiraNa 1] pramANanayatatvAlokAlaMkAraHkI samIkSA pranyakAra ne sUtra naM. 32 meM "na dRSTAntAdi vacanam" isa meM kahe hue Adi zabda se upanaya aura nigamana kA grahaNa kiyA hai, isaliye jaba sUtra naM0 33 se hI upanaya aura nigamana kI parapratipatti meM kAraNatA kA niSedha ho jAtA hai| to sUtra naM040 kI niSprayojanatA spaSTa hI hai| vAstava meM jaba sUtroM meM aise lAghava kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai tabhI ve sUtroM kI kakSA ko prApta kara sakate haiM nahIM to ve vAkya hI kahe jA sakate haiN| ___ yadi kahA jAya, ki Age isa grantha meM upanaya aura nigamana kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai isaliye usake pahale inakA uddeza karanA Avazyaka hone se upanaya aura nigamana kA uddeza karane ke liye sUtra naM0 40 Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| to isakA uttara isa prakAra hai ki phira to "na dRSTAntAdi vacanam" isake sthAna meM "na dRSTAntopanayanigamanavacanam" aisA pATha karanA ho yogya thA anyathA kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba sUtra naM0 32 ke pahile kisI bhI sUtra meM upanaya, nigamana kA kathana nahIM hai to sUtra naM0 32 meM Adi zabda se unakA grahaNa anyakartA ne kaise kara liyA hai| yadi kahA jAya ki anya darzanakAroM ne inakA prayoga kiyA hai isaliya prasiddhi ke kAraNa Adi zabda se hI unakA bodha ho jAtA hai to phira prasiddha hone ke kAraNa unake lakSaNa karane ke liye bhI uddeza kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI hai / vAstava meM to granthakAra ko apane prantha meM unakA uddezAtmaka kathana karanA cAhiye aura vaha "na dRSTAntAdi vacanam" ke sthAna meM "nadRSTAntopanayanigamanavacanam" aisA pATha karane se hI upayukta hotA hai, isake liye sUtra naM0 40 kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa sthAna para parIkSAmukha kA sUtrakrama atyanta gaMbhIra bhAva ko hRdayastha karake likhA gayA hai| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI kAliye usakA yahAM para nirdeza kara denA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN| etadvayamevAnumAnAGga nAdAharaNam // 37-3 // nAha tatsAdhyaprAtapatyaGga tatra yathoktahetoreva vyApArAt // 38-3 // tadavinAbhAvanizcayArtha vA, vipakSe bAdhakAdeva tatsiddhaH // 36-3 // vyaktirUpaM ca nidarzanaM sAmAnyena tu vyAptistatrApi tAdvaprAtapattAvanavasthAnaM syAd dRSTAntAntarApekSaNAt // 40-3 // nApa vyAptismaraNArtha tathAvidhahetuprayogAdeva tatsmRteH // 41.3 // tatparamamabhidhIyamAnam sAdhyadharmAiNa sAdhyasAdhane saMdehayAta // 42-3 // kuto'nyathopanayanigamane // 43-3 // na ca te tadaGga sAdhyadhamirmANa hetusAdhyayorvacanAdevAsaMzayAt // 44.3 // parIkSAmukha // (kramazaH)

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nAtivAkyAmRta aura kannaDa-kavi neminAtha (le0 paNDita ke0 bhujabalI jI zAstrI) gata varSa jaba ghara gayA thA taba kArakala ke jainachAtrAvAsa meM saMcita kucha tADapatrAMkita pranthoM ke darzana kA saubhAgya mujhe prApta huA thaa| una granthoM meM se eka somadeva sUrikRta nItivAkyAmRta kI kannaDa TIkA bhI thii| isa TIkA ke racayitA neminAtha haiN| inhoM ne prantha ke Adi aura anta meM meghavandra nauvidyadeva evaM vIranandI siddhAnta cakravartI ko bar3I zraddhA se smaraNa kiyA hai| inake samAptisUcaka antima bAkya isa prakAra haiM :"svasti samastAnavadyavidyAvilAsinI vilAsamUrti sakalasaiddhAntacakravartIsama prasanna kavirAja vidvajjanamanassarasi-marAla zrImanmeSacandra bauvidyadeva divyaprasAdAsAdhitAtmaprabhAva zrImadvAranandi saiddhAntadeva prasAda prApta prasannakavitArAmAsamAsAdita vividha prema nija kulakuvalayAnandasoma pUrvadalli sandhivigrapadavinyAsada zrImanneminAtha racita nItivAkyAmRtavRtti sakalArthadIpavarti sarvazAstramUrti candrArkatAraM varaM nilke mngglm"| ___ aba sarvaprathama travidyadeva medhacandra evaM siddhAntacakravartI vIranandI ke sambandha meM kucha vicAra karanA hai| vIranandI ke guru yaha meghavandra vahI haiM jinakI prazaMsA AcArasAra kI prazasti evaM zravaNabelagola ke kaI zilAlekhoM meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| yaha mUlasaMgha. pustakagaccha evaM dezIyagaNa ke AcArya the| inako gaNanA bahuta bar3e vidvAnoM meM hai| . tarkanyAyasuvajravediramalArhatsUktisanmauktikaH zabdagranthavizuddhazaMkhakalitaH syAdvAdasadvidrumaH / vyaakhyaanorjitpossnnprvipulprshoddhviiciivyojoyaadvishrutmeghcndrmunipstriividyrtnaakrH|| shriimuulsNdhkRtpustkgcchdeshiiyodydgnnaadhipmutaarkikckrvrtii| saiddhAMtikezvarazikhAmaNimeghacandra strIvidyadeva iti sadvibudhAH stuvanti // siddhAnte jinavIrasenasadRzaH zAstrAjanIbhAskaraH SaTtavakalaGkadevavibudhaH sAkSAdayaM bhuutle| sarvavyokaNe vipazcadadhipaH zrIpUjyapAdaH svayam vidyottamameghacandramunipo vAdIbhapaMcAnanaH //

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kiraNa 1] nItivAkyAmRta aura kannaDa-kavi neminAtha 27. zravaNabelagola ke 47 naM0 ke zilAlekhagata ullikhita zlokoM se jJAta hotA hai ki 'meghacandra' jI nyAya, vyAkaraNa, siddhAnta Adi aneka viSayoM ke prakhara vidvAn the| isake atirikta yahAM ke naM0 41, 50, 53, 55 aura 56 ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI inakA vizada varNana milatA hai| vIranandI ke sivA ina meghavandra ke prabhAcaMdra zubhakIrti Adi kaI ziSya the, jinakA ullekha zravaNabelagola ke anyAnya zilAlekhoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| "karnATaka kavi-carite" 1 ma bhAga pRSTha 132 se vidita hotA hai ki ina meghacandra ne 1148 I0 meM AcArya pUjyapAda ke samAdhizataka kI eka TIkA* likhI thii| 'kavicarite' ke lekhaka kA anumAna hai ki yaha meghacandra 1177 I0 meM paralokagata nayakIrti jI ke ziSya the| "vinayayazonidhi pampana sutaMge tiLivantu poca posagannaDadi' samAdhizataka-TokA ke isa ullikhita padyabhAga se mAlUma hotA hai ki meghacandra ne mahAkavi paMpake suputra ke liye hI isa TIkA kA praNayana kiyA hai| agara yaha 'pampa' abhinava pampa (nAgacandra) hI ho to inake dehAvasAna ke uparAnta inhIM ke lar3ake ke liye meghacandra ne ukta samAdhizataka kI TIkA likhI hogii| yaha abhinava pampa yaza prApta kannaDa kaviyoM meM se eka haiN| inake smArakarUpa meM hAla hI meM karnATakasaMgha karnATaka kauleja dhAravADa kI orase eka sundara pustaka prakAzita huI hai / yaha suprasiddha pAMca-kannaDa-sAhitya mahArathiyoM ke-'pampa' kA kAla-nirNaya, pampa kI racanAzailI Adi bhinna bhinna viSayoM para vistRta aura gaveSaNApUrNa pA~ca lekhoM se samalaMkRta hai| isake bhUmikA lekhaka prakhyAta kavi evaM lekhaka zrImAn B. M. zrIkaNThayya M. A. B. L. beMgalUra haiN| astu aba meghacandra ke ziSya siddhAntacakravartI vIranandI jI kI ora Apa dRSTipAta kreN| zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM ke atirikta 'AcArasAra' ke anta meM jo prazasti do gayo hai isa vIranandI aura inake guru meghacandra jI kA bahuta kucha varNana milatA hai| "siddhAntArNavapUrNatArakapatistarkAmbujAharpatiH zabdodyAnavanAmRtorusaraNiyogIndracUDAmaNiH / vidyAparasArthanAmavibhavaH proddhRtacetobhavaH stheyAdanyamRtAvanImRdazaniH zrImeghacandro muniH // 30 // yadvAkcchIravataMsamaNDanamaNivaidagdhadigdhatviSAm yaccAritravicitratA zamabhRtAM sUtra pavitrAtmanAm / yatkIrtirdhavalaprasAdanadhuraM dhatte dharAyoSitaH satravidyavibhUSaNaM vijayate zrImeghacandro muniH // 31 // * Indian antiquary vol. XIV Page 14.

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 vaidagbhyazrIvadhUTIpatiratulaguNAlakRtirmedhacandrastravidyasyAtmajAto madanamahibhRto bhedane vajrapAtaH saiddhAntivyUhacUDAmaNiranuphalacintAmaNibhUjanAnAm yo'bhUtsaujanyarundrazriyamavati mahau vIranandI munIndraH // 32 // zrImeghacandrojvalamUrtikIrtiH samastasaiddhAntikacakravartI ... zrIvIranandI kRtavAnudAra .... mAcArasAraM yativRttasAram // 33 // aba dekhanA hai ki 'vIranandI kaba hue| zravaNa belgola ke naM0 47-50 aura 52 ke zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki bIranandI ke guru AcArya meghacandra kA svargavAsa zaka samvat 1037 vi0 saM0 1972 meM aura inake eka ziSya zubhacandra deva kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1068 vi0 saM0 1203 meM huA thaa| inhIM prAcArya meghacandrajI ke ziSya prabhAcandra ne zaka saM0 1041 vi0 saM0 1176 meM eka mahA pUjA karAyI thii| ina AdhAroM kA hI Azraya lekara paM0 nAthUrAma premI jI ne mANikacandra granthamAlA meM prakAzita "AcArasAra" ke nivedana meM zrIvIranandIjI kA samaya 12 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha nirdhArita kiyA hai| Apa kA vIranaMdI jI kA yaha kAlanizcaya anumAnaparaka hai| kintu inake samaya-nirNaya ke liye hamAre sAmane eka aura sudRDha pramANa maujUda hai| vaha yaha hai ki isa vIranaMdI ne zaka saM0 1076 vi0 saM0 1211 meM svaracita. AcArasAra kI eka kannaDa TIkA * likhI hai| isase to AcAra vIranaMdI kA kAla 12 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha na hokara 13 vIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika kAla nirvivAda siddha hotA hai| jJAta hotA hai ki "karnATakakavicarite" ke isa bhAga ke prakAzita nahIM hone ke kAraNa hI ullikhina sabala pramANa ko prastuta karane se premI jI ko vaJcita rahanA pdd'aa| isa lekha ke prakRta lakSyabhUta neminAtha jI ke samaya ke viSaya meM bhI kucha vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka hai / "siddhAntacakravartyAkhyeddhavIranandiyatinAthAzA" Adi TIkA ke prAraMbha ke isa dvitIya padya se zAta hotA hai ki inhoMne siddhAMtacakravartI vIranandI kI AjJA se hI nItivAkyAmRta kI yaha kannaDa TIkA likhI hai| isase yaha sahasA siddha hotA hai ki neminAtha jI vIranandI jI ke sama-sAmayika the| ataH neminAtha kA bhI samaya 13 vIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbha nizcita rhaa| inhoMne TIkA ke anta meM apane ko 'sandhi vigrahI' batalAyA hai| parantu patA nahIM lagatA hai ki yaha kahAM aura kisa rAjA ke Azraya meM raha 1-karnAThakakavicarite 2 va bhAga pRSTha 5

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kiraNa 1 ] nItivAkyAta aura kannaDa - kavi neminAtha 26 kara sandhi vigraha kA kArya sampanna karate the / neminAtha jI ne apane ko 'budhavinuta' bhI likhA hai / sambhava hai ki bahutere paNDita inakA samAdara karate ho| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki saMskRta - pANDitya ke sAtha sAtha yaha eka rAjanItijJa bhI the / aba kannaDa-vyAkhyA para bhI eka naz2ara daur3AnA koI aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| nItivAkyAmRta isa mUla grantha ke racayitA pUjyapAda zrIsomadeva sUri haiN| yaha prantha saMskRta sAhitya kA eka amUlya ratna haiN| rAjanIti hI isa grantha kA pradhAna viSaya hai| isameM rAjA aura rAjyazAsana se sambandha rakhane vAlI prAyaH sabhI bAtoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha sampUrNa graMtha padyamaya hai| isakI pratipAdana zailI sulabha, sundara, saMkSipta evaM gaMbhIra hai| vastutaH yaha graMtha apane nAmAnukUla agAdha nItisamudra ke manthana se saMgRhIta sArabhUta amRta hI hai| isameM sanIti kA avalambana karane kA hI pradeza hai| AcArya somadeva ke guru kA nAma nemideva aura praguru kA nAma yazodeva thA / hamAre somadeva jI bar3e bhArI tArkika kavi, dharmAcArya evaM rAjanItijJa the| inhoMne kaI granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| inakA vicAra bahuta hI udAra thA / Apa tRtIya rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNa ke sAmanta cAlukyavaMza ke dvitIya arikezarI ke sabhApaNDita the| inakA samaya IsvI san 656 hai / isa sundara nItigrantha kI eka saMskRta TIkA bhI upalabdha hai| vaha TIkA mUla prantha ke sAtha hI sAtha vi0 saM0 1976 meM mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA baMbaI meM chapa cukI hai| usameM TIkAkAra kA nAma nahIM milatA hai, para TIkAkAra ke maMgalAcaraNa jJAta hotA hai ki vaha vaiSNava the| inhoMne apanI TIkA meM pramANarUpa meM pacAso grantha kAroM ke zlokoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| TIkAkAra ne mUla grantha kA Azaya vizada karane ke liye bharasaka prayatna kiyA, balki vaha isa kArya meM phalIbhUta bhI hue haiN| isameM zaka nahIM ki TIkAkAra eka bahuzruta suyogya vidvAn the / astu yaha kannaDa TIkA sampUrNa hai| isase saMskRta TIkA kA milAna karane ke liye isa samaya mere sAmane vaha kannaDaTIkA samagra maujUda nahIM hai / isake joza mere pAsa prastuta haiM inase saMskRta TIkA kA milAna karane para mAlUma hotA hai ki saMskRta TIkA kA Azraya lekara hI yaha TIkA racI gayI hai / kintu bheda yahI hai ki inhoMne apanI isa TIkA meM saMskRta TIkA meM samuddhRta anyAnya zAstrIya pramANoM kA uddharaNa nahIM kiyA hai / samupasthita kannaDa TIkA ke kucha aMzoM se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki neminAtha jI ne bhAvArtha kI ora dhyAna nahIM dekara zabdArtha hI kI ora adhika dhyAna diyA hai| ho sakatA hai ki yatra tatra inhoMne vistRta vyAkhyA kI ho| isakA nizcaya sUkSma dRSTi se sampUrNa prantha ke parizIlana se hI ho sakatA hai|

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 x aMta meM maiM eka bAta kA aura ullekha kara ke isa lekha ko samApta karatA huuN| kannaDa TIkAkAra neminAtha jI ne apanI TIkA ke sarvAnta meM 'mAghanandI' bhaTTAraka ko prazaMsArUpa meM yAda kiyA hai| patA nahIM lagatA hai ki mAghanandI bhaTTAraka se inakA kaisA sambandha thA / 'mAdhanandI' nAma ke kaI prAcArya ho gaye haiM, ataH ninti rUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha mAghanandI kauna se haiN| mAghanandiviSayaka bAtako khulAsA karane ke liye "jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha" meM saMgRhIta zravaNabelagola ke anyAnya zilAlekho meM aDita mAghanandI nAma ke AcArya, muni evaM kaviyoM kA eka koSTaka tayAra kara nIce diye detA hU~ -: . krama na0 zi0 le na0 nAma guru nAma ___ zaka saM0 vi0 saM0 1 105 mAghanandI 1320 1455 2 126 , kumudavandra 1205 1340 kulacandra 1085 1220 kulabhUSaNa 1085 1220 caturmukha 1022 lagabhaga 1157 cArukIrti 1235 1370 42, 124, mAghanandI nayakIrti 1066 1234 128, 130 (za0 saM0 a0 1103,) (vi0 saM0 1238) mAghanandI zrIdharadeva 106 1234 ,, (bhaTTAraka) bhAnukIrti 1170. 1305 (za0saM01170 vi0 saM0 1305) 10 466 mAghanandI vratI x 1170 1305 11 126 mAghanandI si0 ca0 x 1205 134. (za0saM0 1205 vi0 saM0 1340) 12 471 mAghanandI siddhAntadeva x x x 13* bhUmikA mAdhanandI guptigupta x x ___merA anumAna hai ki naM0 466 ke zilAlekhAGkita bhAnukIrtijI ke ziSya mAdhanandI bhaTTAraka ko hI neminAtha ne smaraNa kiyA hai| kAraNa yaha ki neminAtha ne bhaTTArakopAdhiviziSTa hI mAghanandI kA smaraNa kiyA hai aura sAtha hI sAtha isa bhaTTAraka mAghanandI ke samakAlIna bhI neminAtha ho jAte haiN| ullikhita koSTaka se yaha bhI patA cala jAtA hai ki *nandI-sandha kI paTTAvalI ke AdhAra para

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kiraNa ?] nItibAkyAmRta aura kannaDa-kavi neminAtha anyAnya mAghanandiyoM meM dUsarA koI mAghanandI bhaTTAraka padadhArI hai bhI nahIM / ataH merA yaha anumAna eka prakAra se nirvivAda sA jJAta hotA hai| zravaNabelagola ke ullikhita 466 naM0 ke zilAlekha meM mere ina bhaTTAraka mAghanandI kI guruparamparA yoM dI gayI hai : mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha kuMdakuMdAnvaya meM mAghanandI siddhAMta-cakravartI hue| ina ke ziSya bhAnukorti jI hue| inhIM ke ziSya hamAre bhaTTAraka mAghanandI jI haiN| isa bhaTTAraka mAghanandI kI prazaMsA zilAlekha meM-"akhilakalAmaya, udAracarita, ativizadayazodhAma, munipuGgava, varavidyAmahita, vratIzvara" Adi aneka vizeSaNollekha-dvArA kI gayI hai| inake praguru-siddhAMta-cakravartI mAghanandI 'hoysalarAya' ke rAjaguru the| jainazilAlekha ke suvijJa sampAdaka bAbU horAlAlajo ema0 e0 kA kahanA hai ki "saMbhavataH ye hI usa 'zAstrasAra' ke kartA haiM jina kA ullekha prAraMbha ke eka zloka meM AyA hai" jana

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dhAmmika-udAratA (le0 bAbU pUraNacaMda jI nAhara ema0 e0 bI0 ela0 ) saMsAra meM dharma hI eka aisI vastu hai ki jisakI sRSTi saba dharmavAle alaukika batAte haiN| koI isako anAdi kahate haiM, koI svayaM Izvara kA vacana athavA koI Izvaratulya avatAra ke kahe hue upadeza aura niyamAdi ke pAlana ko hI dharma kahate haiN| caturdaza rajjvAtmaka jIvaloka meM jitane bhI jIva haiM sukhaprApti ke liye saba lAlAyita rahate haiN| jIva ko mukti arthAt nirvANa ke atirikta jitane prakAra ke sukha haiM saba sAmayika tathA nirdiSTakAla aura parimANa ke hote haiN| 'dharma' zabda ke artha ko dekhiye to yahI jJAta hogA ki yaha aisI vastu hai ki jo jIva ko duHkha meM par3ate hue se bacAve / jo apane ko kaSTa se bacAve aura sukha kI prApti karAve aisI vastu ko kauna nahIM cAhatA ? sArAMza yaha hai ki kisI na kisI prakAra kA 'dharma' manuSyamAna ko caahiye| cAhe unakA dharma sanAtana ho, cAhe jaina, cAhe bauddha, cAhe IsAI ho, cAhe ve musalamAna hoM, cAhe nAstika hoM, unako kisI na kisI dharma kI athavA kisI mahApuruSa ke calAye hue mataM kI duhAI denI par3atI hai| jisa prakAra samAja meM cAhe vaha garIba ho cAhe seTha sAhUkAra athavA rAjA mahArAjA ho sAmAjika dRSTi se saboM ko darjA eka hai, unameM koI bar3A choTA nahIM samajhA jAtA usI prakAra dhArmika dRSTi se bhI eka hI dharma ke pAlanevAle sabalogoM kI gaNanA eka hI zreNI meM hotI hai| parantu apane apane dharmavAle unako dhArmika dRSTikoNa se dUsare dharmAnuyAyiyoM ko ghRNA ke bhAva se dekhate haiN| itihAsa kahatA hai ki dharma ke nAma para musalamAna logoM ne kaI bAra saMgrAma cher3a diyA thaa| maiM kurAna zarIpha se paricita nahIM hU~ parantu sambhava hai unake dharma-pravartaka mahammada sAhaba kA aisA upadeza na hogaa| dUsaroM ke dharmakA nAza karake apane dharma kA pracAra karanA dUsarI bAta hai, parantu manuSya hokara isa prakAra dUsare manuSya ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA dharma nahIM ho sktaa| apane dharmAnuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA vRddhi karane ko dharmasamajhanA svAbhAvika hai, parantu ve loga isa vivAra ko kAryarUpa meM lAne ke samaya sImA ke bAhara jAte the| jaina dharma ke tatva meM anya dharma kA athavA anya dharmAvalambiyoM ko 'na niMdijaIna ba~dijaI' yahA~ taka ki nindA karanA manA hai| dhArmika viSayoM meM aisI udAratA avazya honI caahiye| hamAre tIrthakara jAtinibizeSa se upadeza diyA karate the| jainiyoM ke dharmagrantha se spaSTa hai ki

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kiraNa ] dhAmmika-udAratA tIrthaMkaroM ke samavasaraNa' meM arthAt jisa sthAna se tIrthaMkara dharmopadeza dete the vahAM para saba jIvoM kA-pazupatiyoM taka kA bhI sthAna rahatA thA aura devatA se lekara tiryaMca taka sarva prakAra ke prANI apanI apanI bhASA meM bhagavAna kA upadeza samajha lete the| isa alaukika zakti ko tIrthaMkaroM kA 'atizaya' batAyA gayA hai| jainiyoM ke antima tIrthakara zrImahAvIra svAmI ko hue Aja 25 zatAbdI ho calI to bhI jainiyoM meM vahI udAratA dekhane meM AtI hai| idhara kaI zatAbdI taka musalamAna samrAdagaNa bhArata ke zAsaka rhe| yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM se unalogoM kA rAjA prajA kA sambandha huA thaa| ve loga hindu dharmAvalambiyoM ko samaya samaya para utpIr3ita karate rhe| dekhiye--hinduoM ke prasiddha tIrthasthAna 'somanAtha' jo bhArata ke sudUra saurASTra prAMta meM hai vahA~ mahammada gajanI ne jisa prakAra mUrti ko naSTa kiyA thA vaha kathA bhArata ke samasta itihAsa kI pustakoM meM varNita hai| zatAbdiyoM taka anAcAra hotA rahA aura rahI sahI lagabhaga 17vIM zatAbdI meM 'kAlA pahAr3a' ne bihAra aura baMgaprAnta ke saba hindU bauddha devatA aura deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM tor3a dI thiiN| parantu dhArmika udAratA ke kAraNa jainiyoM para koI vizeSa atyAcAra ko ullekha nahIM miltaa| mujhe kucha samaya pUrva tIrtharAjagRha ke paMca pahAr3oM meM se pahile vipulAcala ke zrIpArzvanAtha maMdira kI vizAla prazasti milI thii| yaha saMskRta bhASA meM gadya-padyamaya hai aura isakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1412 arthAt 15vIM zatAbdI hai| usa samaya samrATa phiroz2a zAha rAjya karate the| ukta prazasti meM ullekha hai ki musalamAnagaNa bhI jainiyoM ke dhArmika kArya meM sahAyatA dete the| prazasti ke Adi aura anta ke kucha Avazyaka aMza yahA~ uddhRta kiye jAte haiM :-- _ "OM namaH shriipaarshvnaathaay| zreyaH shriivipulaaclaamrgirisyH| sthitisvIkRtiH / pnshrennirmaabhiraambhujgaadhiishskraasNsthitiH|| pAdAsInadivaspatiH zubhaphalazrIkIrtipuSpo daamH| zrIsaMghAya dadAtu bAMchitaphalaM zrIpArzvakalpadrumaH // 1 // .. zrIrAjagRhamahAtIrthe / gajeMdrAkAramahApotaprAkArazrIvipulagirivipulacUlApIThe sakalamahIpAlacakracUlAmANikyamarIcimaMjarIpiMjaritacaraNasaroje / suratrANazrIsAhiperoje mahImanuzAsati / tadIyaniyogAnmagadheSu malikavayo nAma mNddleshvrsmye| tadIyasevakasahaNasaduradInasAhAyyena ...............iti vikrama saMvat 1412 ASAr3ha badi 6 dine| zrIkharataragacchazRGgAra. suguruzrIjinalabdhisUripaTTAlaMkArazrIjinacaMdrasUriNAmupadezena |............tth vaccharAja Tha0 devarAja suzrAvakAbhyAM kAritaH......zrIpArzvanAthaprAsAdasya prshstiH||" bhAvArtha yaha hai ki sulatAna phiroja sAha ne malika vaya ko magadha pradeza kA sUbA arthAt zAsaka niyukta kiyA thaa| sUbA ke kAryakartA zAha nAsaruddIna kI sahAyatA se magadhadeza

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34 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 sthita rAjagRha tIrtha ke vipulagiri para AcArya zrIjinacandra sUri ke upadeza se baccharAja devarAja ne zrIpArzvanAtha kA maMdira saM0 1412 ASADha vadI 6 ko banavAyA / samrATa akabara kI dhAmika udAratA prasiddha hai / jahA~gIra, zAhajahA~ Adi bAdazAhoM' ke samaya meM bhI jainiyoM ko dhAmika viSayoM meM sahAyatA milI thii| unake pavitra tIrthakSetroM ke saMrakSaNa ke liye samaya samaya para gujarAta, mAlavA, baMgAla Adi prAnta ke sUboM meM logoM se pharamANa Adi bhI prApta kiye the / jainiyoM meM zvetAmbara aura digambara do mukhya sampradAya haiN| maiM digambara- sAhitya se vizeSa paricita nahIM hU~ / zvetAmbara - sAhitya ke itihAsa ko maiMne jahAM taka avalokana kiyA hai, usase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara AcArya aura vidvAnoM ne prAcIna kAla se jaina vidvAnoM kI kRtiyoM ko niHsaMkoca se apanAyA thA / unakA abhyAsa karate the, una para pANDityapUrNa TIkAyeM racI haiM, unake sAhitya ko bar3I zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhate the / yahI dhArmika udAratA hai / jainiyoM ke zvetAmbara sampradAya meM siddhasena divAkara,* umAsvati vAcaka* haribhadra abhayadeva se lekara hemacandrAcArya Adi tathA digambara sampradAya meM kuMkakuMdAcArya, samaMtabhadra, kalaMkadeva, prabhAcaMdra, vidyAnaMdi, jinasena Adi bar3e bar3e prakhyAta vidvAna ho gaye haiM jinakI kRtiyoM kI pAzcAtya vidvAnagaNa bhI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA karate haiN| parantu sanAtana-dharmAlambI paNDita ne unheM kahIM apanAyA ho aisA dekhane meM nahIM AtA yahAM taka ki ve mahatva - pUrNa jainagranthoM ke nAmollekha karane meM bhI hicakate the / yaha anudAra bhAva una logoM kI dhArmika saMkIrNatA hai| ajaina vidvAnoM ke nAnA viSaya ke granthoM ko zvetAmbara logoM kisa prakAra apanAyA hai isakA kucha dRSTAMta maiM yahAM upasthita karUMgA / AzA hai ki digambara vidvAnagaNa bhI isa prakAra dhArmika udAratA ko prakAzita kareMge / hAla hI meM amerikA ke pensilaveniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRtAdhyApaka DA0 naramaina brAuna sAhaba ne 'kAlikAcAryakathA'' nAmaka aGgarejI meM pustaka prakAzita kI hai, jisakI bhUmikA pR0 4 meM jainAcAryoM ke viSaya meM isa prakAra likhate haiN| : "It is perhaps permissible to record here my appreciation not merely of the courtesy and scholarship of Jain monks and laymen ye tathA Age ke bhI do eka zrAcArya digambara-sampradAya meM bhI mAnya haiM---sampAdaka / (1) The story of 'Kalaka' by W. Norman Brown, Prof. of Sans. in the university of Pensylvania, Washington U. S. A. 1933, Preface P. IV...

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kiraNa 1 ] dhArmika-udAratA 35 but also of their lofty ideals and noble lives. They are of the greatness that is India. There is a spirit of helpfulness, tolerence and sacrifice coupled with their intelligence and religious devotion that marks them as one of the world's choice communities." arthAt "jaina sAdhuoM' aura gRhastha janoM ke ziSTAcAra aura vidvattA ke sAtha sAtha unake U'ce Adarza aura utkRSTa jIvana kA yahAM ullekha kara denA zAyada ucita hogA / unake bar3appana se bhArata gauravAnvita hai / una meM sahAyatA, sahanazIlatA aura tyAga kI zakti / unakI buddhi aura dhArmika lavalInatA ina saba guNoM ke sAtha milakara inheM saMsAra ke Adarza sampradAyoM meM se eka pramANita karatI hai|" yaha dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai ki bhArata ke kinhIM bhI dharmAvalambiyoM meM jainiyoM kI taraha dhArmika udAratA nahIM pAI jAtI hai| yadi ajaina vidvAnagaNa apane 2 sAhitya se aise 2 dRSTAMta prakAzita kara sakeM to merA yaha bhrama dUra ho jaay| ajaina sAhitya ke nAnA granthoM para jaina logoM ne kisa prakAra TIkA, vRtti Adi kI racanA kI hai yaha nimnalikhita tAlikA se pAThakoM ko vidita hogaa| yahAM taka ki hindIgrantha para bhI jainAcAyane kaI TokAyeM raca DAlI haiM / jainavidvAnoM ne siddhAnta ke atirikta vyAkaraNa, nyAya, kAvya, koSa, alaMkAra, nIti, jyotiSa Adi nAnA viSayoM para acche 2 grantha race haiN| kevala hemacandAcArya ke hI aneka grantha vidyamAna haiM / inake pUrva siddharSi AcArya ne 'upamiti bhava-prapaMca- kathA' nAmaka grantha likhA thA jo ki sAhityika dRSTi se bar3e mahatva kA hai / isa lekha meM ina saboM kA ullekha karanA anAvazyaka hai / itanA hI likhanA yatheSTa hogA ki zrImahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAt Aja lagabhaga paccIsa zatAbdI taka jaina loga dhArmika udAratA ke sAtha sAhitya kI sevA bajA rahe haiN| jainAcAryagaNa mahattvapUrNa ajaina granthoM ke nAma lekara svayaM acche acche kAvya race haiM / 11vIM zatAbdI meM zrIjinezvara sUrine "jenaneSadhIya" nAmakA eka sundara kAvya kI racanA kI thii| zrI jayazekhara sUrine "jaina kumAra-saMbhava" likhA hai jo unakI vidvattA prakaTa karatI hai / " jainameghadUta" kI racanA bhI prazaMsanIya hai / bhAratavarSa ke anya vidvAnoM meM kahIM bhI isa prakAra kI udAratA kA dRSTAnta nahIM milegA /

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 vyAkaraNa kAtanta-sUtra-1 barddhamAna sUrikRta 'kAtaMtra vistAra' (kalApa) 2 somakIrti sUrikRta 'kAtaMtra paMjikA' vRtti 3 jinaprabha sUrikRta 'kAtaMtravibhrama' vRtti 4 cAritrasiMhakRta 'kAtaMtravibhramAvacUri' 5 merutuMgasUrikRta 'bAlAvabodha' vRtti 6 vijayanandanakRta 'kAtaMtratA' 7 durgasiMhakRta vRtti 8 pRthvIcaMdrasUrikRta 'daurgasiMha" vRtti 6 munizekharakRta vRtti * 10 prabodha mUrtikRta 'durgapadaprabodha' vRtti 11 municaMdasarikRta vRtti 12 gautamakRta 'kAtaMtradIpikA' 13 vijayAnaMdakRta 'kAtaMtrottara' pANini- rAmacaMdrarSikRta 'dhAtupATha' TIkA siddhAMtacandrikA-sadAnaMdakRta 'subodhinI' ttokaa| mugdhabodha- kulamaMDanakRta 'mugdhAvabodha uktika' kAzikAnyAsa-jineMdrabuddhikRta kavikalpadruma-vijayavimalakRta avacUri sArasvata- 1 sahajakIrtikRta vRtti 2 bhAnucaMdrakRta TIkA 3 dayAratakRta vRtti 4 megharanakRta 'duTikA' vRtti 5 yatIzakRta 'sArasvatadIpikA' vRtti 6 caMdrakIrikRta vRtti 7 nayasuMdarakRta TIkA 8 zrA0 maMDanakRta sArasvata maNDana TIkA OM isI kAtantra sUtra para digambarAcArya bhAvasena traivigradeva kRta bhI "kAtantrarUpamAlA" nAma kI eka prazasta vRtti hai| balki kaI vidvAn kAtantrasUtra ke racabitA zarvavarmA ko jaina mAnate haiN| (sampAdaka)

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kiraNa ] dhAmmika-udAratA pAkyaprakAza- 1 udayadharmakRta TIkA 2 harSakulakRta TIkA 3 ranasarikRta TIkA aniT kArikA-1 AmAmANikyakRta avacUri 2 hakIrtikRta vRtti zabdapameda- zAnavimalakRta 'zabdabhedaprakAza' vRtti (kattA mahezvara kavi) alaMkAra vRttaratnAkara-- 1 somavandrasUrikRta TIkA 2 harhakIrtikRta TIkA 3 samayadarakRta TIkA zrutabodha- 1 harSarAjakRta TIkA 2 harSakIrtikRta TIkA chandaH zAstra- 1 varddhamAna sUrikata TIkA 2 zrIcandra sUrikRta TIkA 3 padmaprabhasUrikRta TIkA pagalasAra- 1 vivekakItikRta TIkA kAvyAlaMkAra- 1 namisAdhukRta TokA kAvyaprakAza- 1 yazovijayakRta TIkA 2 mANikyacandrakRta 'kAvyaprakAzasaMketa' gAthAsaptazatI-- 1 bhuvanapAlakRta vRtti vidagdhamukhamaMDana-1 zivacaMdrakRta TIkA 2 jinaprabhasUrikRta cUrNi kAvya kAdambarI- 1 sUracandrakRta TokA 2 madanamaMtrikRta 'kAdambarIdarpaNa' TIkA 3 bhAnucandrakRta TIkA ( pUrva khaMDa) 4 siddhicandra kRta TIkA (tara khaMDa) maTTI kAba-kumudAnaMdakRta "subodhinI" TIkA

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 raghuvaMza- 1 cAritravarddhanakRta 'zizuhitaiSiNo' TokA 2 dharmamerukRta 'subodhinI' TIkA 3 sumativijayakRta 'sugamAnvayA' TIkA 4 samudrasUrikRta TIkA 5 ratnacaMdrakRta TokA 6 vijayagaNikRta TIkA 7 samayasundarakRta TIkA 8 guNavijayakRta TIkA kumAra saMbhava- 1 vijayagaNikRta vRtti 2 lakSmIballabhakRta TIkA 3 cAritravarddhanakRta 'zizu hitaiSiNo' TIkA 4 munimatiratnakRta 'avacUri' 5 jinabhadrasUrikRta 'bAlabodhinI' TokA meghadUta- 1 kSemahaMsakRta vRtti 2 mahImerukRta 'bAlAvabodha' TIkA 3 sumativijayakRta 'avacUri' 4 merutuMgasUrikRta vRtti 5 mahimasiMhakRta TIkA 6 Asar3akRta TIkA neSadha- 1 jinarAjasUrikRta TIkA 2 zrInAthasUrikRta 'neSadhaprakAza' TIkA 3 cAritravarddhanakRta TIkA kirAtAjjunIya- 1 vinayasuMdarakRta vRtti 2 dharmavijayakRta 'dIpikA' TIkA zizupAlavadha- 1 vallabhadevakRta TIkA 2 cAritravarddhanakRta TIkA nalodaya- 1 mAdityasUrikRta TIkA vAsavadattA- 1 siddhicaMdrakRta vRtti 2 sarvacaMdrakRta vRtti 3 narasiMhasenakRta TIkA

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kiraNa dhAmbhika-udAratA rAghavapAMDavIya- 1 padmanaMdIkRta TIkA 2 puSpadantakRta TIkA 3 cArittavarddhanakRta TIkA khaMDaprazasti- 1 guNavinayakRta 'subodhikA' vRtti 2 jayasomagaNikRta TIkA 3 vijayagaNikRta TokA kaparamaMjarI- 1 premarAjakRta laghu TIkA 2 rAjazekharakRta TIkA 3 dharmacaMdrakRta vRtti bhartRharizataka- 1 dhanasArasAdhukRta TIkA 2 jinasamudrasUrikRta TIkA 3 rUpacandrakRta TvArtha aMmazataka-rUpacandrakRta TvArtha SaT paMcAzikA-70.mahimodayakRta 'bAlAvabodha' TokA jagadAbharaNakAvya-zAnapramodakRta TIkA ghaTakaparakAnya vRndAvana kAvya zAMtisUrikRta TIkA zivabhadrakAvya rAkSasakAvya nATaka anagharAghava- 1 jinaharSakRta vRtti 2 naracandrakRta TippaNa 3 devaprabhakRta 'rahasyAdarza' TIkA prabodhacandrodaya- 1 ratnazekharakRta vRtti 2 jinaharSakRta vRtti 3. kAmadAsakRta vRtti rAghavAbhyudaya- 1 rAmacandrakRta TIkA damayantI-campU- 1 prabodhamANikyakRta Tippana 2 caMDapAlakRta TIkA nalacampU-guNavijayagaNikRta TIkA

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 nyAya tarkabhASA-zubhavijaya kRta vArtika tarkaphavikA-samAkalyANakRta TIkA tarkarahasyadIpikA-guNarata-sUrikRta nyAyAkaMdalI-1 naracandrasUrikRta TIkA 2 rAjazekharasUrikRta paMjikA 3 ranazekharasUrikRta TIkA nyAyapraveza-haribhadrasUrikRta TokA nyAyasAra-jayasiMhasUrikRta TIkA nyAyalaMkAra-abhayatilakakRta vRtti nyAyabodhinI-netRsiMhakRta TokA pAtAMjalayogadarzana-yazovijayakRta TIkA yogamolA-guNAkarakRta laghuvRtti jyotiSa jAtaka-harSavijayakRta 'jAtakadIpikA' vRtti laghujAtaka-matisAgarakRta 'bAlAvabodha' pacanikA tAjikasAra-sumatiharSakRta vRtti vasantarAjazakuna-bhAnucandrakRta TIkA svamasaptatikA-sarvadevasUrikRta vRtti mahAvidyA-bhugnasundarakRta vRtti maMtrazAstra-malliSeNa-kRta TIkA maMtrarAjarahasya-siMhatilakasUrikRta TokA yoniprAbhRta-hariSeNakRta TIkA yogaratnAkara-nayazekharakRta TokA vaidyaka yogaratamAlA-guNAkarakRta TIkA rasacintAmaNi-anaMtadevasUrikRta TIkA vaidyakasArasaMgraha-harSakIrtikRta TIkA

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dhArmika-udAratA kiraNa 1 ] vaidyakasAroddhAra - harSakIrttikRta TIkA vaidyavallabha -- hastirucigaNikRta TIkA yogacintAmaNi -harSakI rttikRta TIkA jvarASTaka - malladevakRta TIkA sannipAta kalikA -- hemanidhAnakRta TIkA lakSaNasaMgraha -- ratnazekhara kRta TIkA bhASA bihArI satasaI - - samarathakavikRta TIkA rasikapriyA - kuzaladhIra kRta 'rasikapriyA - vivaraNa' pRthvIrAja belI - 1 kavisAraMgakRta saMskRta TokA 2 kuzaladhIrakRta TIkA 3 zivanidhAnakRta TIkA 4 zrIsArakRta TIkA 5 jayakIrttikRta TIkA 6. rAjasomakRta TIkA 41

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zuddhAzuddha-patra merI anupasthiti meM granthamAlA ke do pharmoM kA saMzodhana eka hI saMzodhaka ke dRSTigocara hone se kucha adhika azuddhiyA~ raha gayI haiM, unakA zuddha rUpa nIce diyA jAtA hai / prazasti-saMgraha ( ke0 bI0 zAstrI) pRSTha , ng 2 2 2 3 1 6 7 J 8 8 8 1 2 4 4 4 & 19 9 paMkti 2 11 7 13 16 4 10 6 8 11 12 26 1 12 15 15 16 18 21 22 3 10 12 26 16 17 8 13 21 22 azuddha rUpa prabhenduracitA (?) laghuvRtti yuktisva prArItsuH smRtazceti etadvikA jaina itihASAnveSI isakA aghAti aMdhAkhyamunikevalAH parAjitamahAtapAH vizudvayastAn sRSTi: kAlaviSopam mivAgaccha tayanatejasA jyotsnA: jinacandrajA: vardhayanti samyak kaphagaMda yogAnuyAna kramAtU samAchAdya divArAvi suddha format koluka mAlakAMnI vaidyasAra yaSTyamidhAmelA ? piTakAviNAn bhasma bana para jAne para auSAdha zuddha rUpa prabhenduracitAlaghuvRtti k prArisuH smRtizceti etadvikAm jaina itihAsAnveSI isakI aghAtyarAti jambUkhyamunikevalAH sparAjitamahAtapAH vizuddhyA tAn Willko kAla viSopamam mitrAgaccha tapanatejasA jinacandrajA sambag kaphagarda yogAnupA kramAt samAcchAdya divArAla zuddha forest kolakaM mAlakAMganI rer madhAlA piTikAdivAn bhasma bana jAne para auSadhi

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bhAskara syAdvAdAmRtapAthodhimanthane mandarAcalaH / paNDitAcArya udito bhavanAbjavikAzakaH / /

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prazasti-saMgraha (sampAdaka-ke bhujabalI zAstrI) (1) grantha naM0 166 nyAya-maNidIpikA (kAgaja para nAgarAkSara meM) racayitA viSaya-nyAya bhASA-saMskRta cauDAI-7 iMca lambAI-3 iMca patrasaMkhyA--164 maMgalAcaraNa zrIvardhamAnamakalaGkamanantavIryamANikyanandiyatibhASitazAstravRttim / bhaktyA prabhenduracitA(?)laghuvRttidRSTayA natvA yathAvidhi vRNomi laghuprapaJcam // // madAnamarunnItaM malamatra yadi sthitam / taniSkAbhyArmivatsantaH pravartantAmihAdhivat // 2 // iha hi khalu sakalakalaGkavikalakevalAvalokanavimalalocanAvalokitalokAlokaparamaguruvIrajineSvararuviramukhasarasIruhasamutpannasarasvatIsarasAnavaratasmaraNAvalokanasallApadatta. cittvRttiH| ra larAjAdhirAjaparamezvarasya himazItalasya mahArAjasya mahAsthAnamadhye niSThurakaSTavAdasauSThavaduSTasaugatAn caTulaghaTavAdAdipaTiSThatayA tArAdevatAdhiSThitadurghaTaghaTavAdavijayena rAjJA sabhyaiH sabhAsadbhizca pariprAptajayaprazastiH sakalatArkikacUDAmaNimarIcimecakitaruciraruvicakavakAyamAnacaraNanakharo bhagavAn bhaTTAkalaGkadevo vizvavidvanmaNDalahRdayAhAdiyuktizastreNa jgtsddhrmprbhaavmbuubudhttmaam| tadanu bAlAnanujighRkSurakSayaguNo'kSuNNamokSalakSmIkaTAkSavikSepanidAnaparIkSAdakSo guNamaNivRndena bhavyavRndamAnandayanmANikyanandimunivRndArakastatprakAzitazAstramahAdadheruddhRtya tavagAhanAya potopamaM parIkSAmukhanAmadheyamanvarthamuvhalapakaraNamAraSayanmudA tadanu tatprakaraNasya viziSTatamo'tispaSTaM mRSTagIH prabhAgandrabhaTTArakara prameyakamalamArtaNDanAmavRhadvRtti criikriitism| sadvRttinanyAya

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bhAskara mArtaNDamaNDalAyitatvena sakalavidvaJcittaprakAzakatve'pi bAlAntaHkaraNaguhAbhyantaraprakAzanasAmarthyAbhAvamAkalayya tatprakAzanAya dIpikAyitAM sakalalokAlaGkArayogyatvato ratnAyitaprameyerAracitatvena prameyaratnamAletyanvarthanAmodvahantI svAlokanapravRttimatAM puMsAM kor3e kRtaghaTapadAdivastuprativimbitaratnakaNThikAyitatvena vA svAbhidheyAni prameyANi prakAzayantI laghvI vRttiM ladhvanantavIryAcAryavaryo bhavyAnugrahakAryasaukaryasUktisaukumAryo guNagAmbhIryazAlI vaijeyapriyasUnunA hIrapAkhyavaizyottamena badarIpAlavaMzadya maNinA zAntiSeNAdhyApanAbhilASiNA preritaH san prArIpsuH tadAdau cikIrSitavRtteravighnataH parisamAptayartha ziSTAcAraparipAlanArtha puNyAvAptyarthazca viziSTeSTadevatAmabhiSTauti / madhya-bhAga (pUrva pRSTha 64, 1ma paMkti se): ityabhidhAnAditi prakAzya prakArAntareNa tadutAnAyoga darzayituM tAvadabhAvapramANapratipAdakakArikAmAha, "gRhItveti" vastusadbhAvaM gRhItvetyAdi sAmagrayo sarvajJAbhAvagrAhakamabhAvapramANamasarvajJasya nAdeti ityAha / tathAcetyaparathA pratiniyatakAlapratiniyatakSetralakSaNavastusadbhAvagrahaNe'nyatnAnyadA gRhotasarvajJasmRtazcetirItyasarvazanAstitAjJAnamabhAvapramANaM na yuktamanyanAnyadA gRhiitsrvstvprsnggaat| antima padya : akalaGkaratnanandiprabhendusadanantaguNibhaktyA / etadvikAM bAlo nirUDhavAri ne (?) Sa kila gurubhaktyA // syaadvaadniitikaantaamukhloknmukhysaukhymicchntH| nyAyamaNidIpikAM hRdvAsAgAre pravartayantu budhaaH|| iti parIkSAmukhalaghuvRtteH prameyaratnamAlAnAmadheyaprasiddhAyA nyAyamaNidIpikAsaMjJAyAM TIkAyAM SaSThaH paricchedaH / zAstra ke pratilipi katI ke nAmAdi zrImatsvargIyabAbUdevakumArasyAtmajadAnavIrabAbUnirmala kumArasyAdezamAdAya AgarAprAntagatasakaraulInivAsinaH revatIlAlasyAtmajarAja kumAravidyArthinA likhitamiMda zAstram / . idaM lakSmaNabhaTTena vilikhitaM prathamaM zAstraM lakSIkRtya likhitam / saMzodhayitavyA vidvjjnaiH| pratilipikAla-saM0 1980 zrAvaNa-zukla-trayodazI / isameM granthakartA ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai| kintu mitravara paM0 sujayya zAstrI jI kA kathana hai ki tAr3apatra kI kisI prati meM isa nyAyamaNidIpikA ke racayitA ajitasenA

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prazasti-saMgraha cArya spaSTa likhA huA hai| balki paM0 subayya jI kA yaha kathana-Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrita Manuscripts in the Central Provinces and Berar by R. B. Hira Lal B. A. Appendix (B.) se bhI pramANita ho jAtA hai, phira bhI jainaitihAvAnveSI isa ora vizeSa dhyAna deNge| jaina siddhAnta-bhavana kI isa prati ke atyanta azuddha hone ke kAraNa isake sAhityika vivecana para vizeSa prakAza nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| to bhI yaha kahanA hI par3egA ki isakA saMskRta sarala evaM prazasta hai| kI eka dUsarI prati bhI 'bhavana' meM hai jisakI vartamAna grantha pratilipimAtra hai| vastutaH donoM pratiyAM azuddha haiN| pahalI prati kI nakala kannaDaprati se ullikhita mUDavidinivAsI bAmana bhaTTa ke putra lakSmaNa bhaTTa ne kI hai| (2) grantha naM. 164 . candraprabhacarita-vyAkhyAnam (kA0 nA0) _ apara nAma-vidvanmanovallabha racayitA viSaya-kAvya bhASA-saMskRta cauddaaii-8|| iJca lmbaaii-13|| iJca patrasaMkhyA-306 maGgalAcaraNa bande'haM sahajAnandakandalIkandabandhuram / candrAGka candrasaMkAzaM candranAthaM smarAmyaham // 1 // candraprabhAraMdhIrasya kAvyaM vyAkhyAyate mayA / vizvamanvayarUpeNa spaSTasaMskRtabhASayA // 2 // madhya-bhAga-(pUrva pRSTha 66, zlokaTIkA 12) guruvNshmiti| atha prsthaanaanntre| gajendragAmI gajendra iva gacchatItyevaM zIlaH mndgaamiityrthH| sa kumaarH| guruvaMzam guravaH mahAntaH vaMzAH veNavaH yasmin taM pakSe gururmahAn

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4 bhAskara vaMzaH kulaM yasya tam / apramANasatvam apramANAH pramANarahitAH satvAH prANinaH yasmin taM pakSe bhulsaamrthym| atyunnatazAlinIm atyunnatyA zAlinIm / sampUrNasthitiM vyavasthiti pa maryAdAM / dadhAnaM dharantaM / rucirAkRtiM rucirA prAkRtiryasya taM / ekaM / svasamAnaM svasya samAnaM / nagaM parvataM / Aluloke dadarza lokRJ darzane liT / zleSopamA / samAtisUcaka antima paMkti : iti vIranandikRtAvudyAGka candraprabhacarite mahAkAvye tadvyAkhyAne caM vidvanmanovallabhAkhye aSTAdazaH sargaH samAptaH / candraprabhacarita kAvya kI bhotaka do TIkAyeM upalabdha haiN| eka cArukIrtikRta aura dUsarI prabhAcandra bhaTTArakakRta / prabhAcandra bhaTTAraka kA samaya vi0 saM0 1316 hai aura arentrtti kA samaya zakAbda 1321 ke bAda kA jJAta hotA hai| cArukIrttijI kA yaha samaya tabhI sambhavaparaka kahA jA sakatA hai, jabaki yahI pArzvAbhyudaya ke bhI TIkAkAra hoM / cArukIrttikRta candraprabhakAvya kI TokA kI zlokasaMkhyA chaH hajAra mAnI gayI hai / bhavana kI isa prati meM bhI lagabhaga chaH hajAra zlokasaMkhyA anumita hotI hai| sakatA hai ki yaha cArukIti jI kI hI TIkA hai| ataH yaha kahA jA jJAta hotA hai ki TIkAkAra ne isa TIkA meM vyAkaraNa, alaGkAra evaM keASAdi kI ora vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA hai / pArzvAbhyudaya ke TIkAkAra cArukIrtti jI kI nimnalikhita kRtiyoM kA patA lagatA hai: (1) candra prabha kAvya kI TIkA / zloka saMkhyA - 6000 (2) bhAdipurANa 3000 (3) yazodharacarita (4) neminirvANakAvyaTIkA (5) pArzvAbhyudayakAvyaTIkA (6) gItavItarAga 000

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(3) grantha naM0 198 lambAI - 11 iJca prazasti-saMgraha hanumaccaritram (kA0 nA0) karttA - brahmAjita viSaya - caritra (prathamAnuyoga) bhASA-saMskRta cauDAI- -7 iJca maGgalAcaraNa sodhasindhucandrAya suvratAya jinezine / suvatAya namo nityaM dharmazabdArthasiddhaye // 1 // vRSabhAya jinendrAya vRSAya parameSThine / nityaM svAmyaprakAzAya namastrAtA (?) sutAyine // 2 // namaH zrIcandranAthAya sarvajJAya zivAptaye / amandazarmakandAya kandAya paramAtmane // 3 // zAntiM kuryAdanekAntabuddhi siddhyarthadAyinIm / asAtatIrajaladhimanthane mandarAcalaH ||4|| zrImate barddhamAnAya namaH zreyAvidhAyine / zradhAtyAyatighAtAya muktimArgapradAyine // 5 // durkIzapArasaMsArapArAvAraikatArakAn / praNaumi parito nityamaparAn jinanAyakAn // 6 // sArddhadvayamite dvIpe sarvAntaka vivajjite / sImandharAdidevAnAM pAdapadmAn praNaumyaham // 7 // varttante bhAvino'tItA vibudhAliprapUjitAH / - naumi sarvAn jinAn jainamatasindhuvidhUna sadA // 8 // AcArAGgAdibhedena pUrvAntazca prakIrNakAn / nirgatAM jinasadvAt sAradAM naumi zAradAm // 6 // yasyAH prasAdataH sarvo vitIrya zrutasAgaram / patra saM 0 - 67

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bhAskara paramApnoti bhAvAnAM tAM praNaumi jinAsyajAm // 10 // trihInanavakoTInAM munInAM pAdapaGkajAn / smarAmi smarajetRNAM trAtRRNAM bhvvaaridheH||19|| namAmi vRSasenAdigautamAntAn gaNezvarAn / sAIzcaturdazazatAn tryadhikAn zrIsukhapradAn // 12 // gautamaH zrIsudharmA ca jaMghAkhyamuni kevalAH, (1) / trayaH kevalinaH pUjyA no nityaM santu siddhaye // 13 // zrIviSNunandimitrAkhyo praajitmhaatpaaH| govarddhanA bhadrabAhuH paJcaitAn zrutasAgarAn // 14 // . dvAdazAMgazrutAbhyAsanIreNa kSAlitaM na kAn / praNaumyahaM trizuddhyastAn paJcapANDityahetave // 15 // sRSTiH samayasArasya kartA suuripdeshvrH| zrImacchIkundakundAkhyastanotu matimedurAm // 16 // purANapaddhatiryasya hRdaye prasphuTaM gtaa| praNaumi jinasenasya caraNau zaraNaM satAm // 17 // jIyAtsamantabhadro'sau bhvykairvcndrmaaH| durvAdivAdakaNDUnAM zamanaikamahauSadhiH // 18 // akalaGkaguru yaadklNkpdeshvrH| bauddhAnAM buddhivaidhavyadIkSAgururudAhRtaH // 16 // zuddhasiddhAntapAyodhipArINaH prmeshvrH| nemicandrazcidAnandapadavImukhyatAM gataH // 20 // prabhA guNavatI yasya prabhAcandrasya sUriNaH / so'stu me buddhisiddhayartha kAruNyAdirasAlayaH // 21 // paJcAcAraratA ye'nye sUrayaH saMstutAH suraiH| te me dizantu sanmedhAM padmanandIzvarAdayaH // 22 // maGgalAdiprasiddhayartha mayA bhAvena sNstutaaH| zrIhanumatkumArasya kathAyAH siddhaye punaH // 23 // madhya-mAga (pRSTha 31, zloka 16) ityuktaM kenacittAvatkumArAya jitdvisse| aMjanAprabhavaM vRttaM sarva kAlaviSopam // 16 //

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prazasti : prazasti-saMgraha mahendrapurabhedane / mitrAgaccha vayaM yAmo aMjanA me sthitA tatra cittace|raNataskarI // 17 // svamitreNa samaM vAyuracalat zvAsuraM puram / svAtmIyaM gajamAruhya vaJcitaH svajanaistadA // 18 // saMprApto nagarIvAhya harSasaMbhRtamAnasaH / priyAGkamiva saMprApto dRSTvA puravaraM tadA // 16 // prabhaJjanakumArasyAgamanaM zrutvA mahIpatiH / puSTaGgAramakarot vaijayantyAditoraNaiH // 20 // kalAdharaH jainendrazAsana sudhArasapAna puSTo devendrakIrttiyatinAyaka ne SThikAtmA / . tacchiSyasaMyamadhareNa caritrametat sRSTaM samIraNasutasya maharddhikasya // 11 // vizadazIlasvardhunIzilAtalaikarAjahaMsaseotsavAya krIDanapriyaH svamatasindhuvarddhane prakRSTayA minItayanatejasAdbhutaprabhAmitaH / surendrakIrttividyayAdinandyanaMgamardanaikapaNDitaH tadIyadezAnAmavApya zuddhabodhamAzrito jitendriyasya bhaktitaH // 62 // golA gAravaMze nabhasi dina maNirvIrasiMheo vipazcit bhAryA bIdhA pratItAtanuruhavidito brahmadIkSAzritA'bhUd / tenAccaireSa granthaH kRta iti sutarAM zailarAjasya sUre: zrIvidyAnandidezAt sukRtavidhivazAtsarvasiddhiprasiddha // 13 // idaM zrIzailarAjasya caritaM duritApaham / ravitaM bhRgukacche ca zrInemijinamandire ||14|| dharmArthI labhate vRSaM dhanayuto vRddhizca niHsvo dhanam putrArthI svakuleocitaM ca tanayaM kAmAMzca kAmI labhet (?) mokSArthI varamottamAzu labhate proktena sAndreNa kim hyetat zailamunIndrarAjacaritaM sarvArthasiddhipradam // 15 // paThitA pAThakazcaiva vaktA zrotA ca bhAvukaH / ciraM nandyAdayaM granthastena sArddha yugAvadhiH // 66 // pramANamasya granthasya dvisahasramitaM budhaiH / zlokAnAmiha mantavyaM hanumaccarite zubhe // 67 // itizrIhanumaccaritre brahmA jitaviracite ekAdazaH sargaH

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. bhAskara __isake lipikartA kAzInivAsI baTuka prasAda nAma ke eka kAyastha haiN| lipikAla saM0 1978 hai| isa prati ke atirikta bhI "bhavana" meM eka atyanta prAcIna prati nambara vAlI hai| kheda ke sAtha yaha kahanA par3atA hai ki ye donoM pratiyAM azuddhiyoM se bharI huI haiN| balki isI prAcIna prati se prastuta prati utArI gayI hai| isakI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake kartA ajita brahmacArI devendrakIti jI ke ziSya the| inake pitA kA nAma vIrasiMha aura mAtA kA bIdhA thaa| inake vaMza kA nAma golaGgAra hai| vidyAnandajI kI AjJAnusAra hI inhoMne bhRgukaccha (bharoca) nagara meM isa prantha kA praNayana kiyA hai| prantha-racanAkAla prazasti meM nahIM diyA gyaa| paM0 jugalakizora jI kI rAya hai ki yaha ajita brahmacArI 16vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN| (4) anya naM. 2 vidyAnuvAdAMga (jinendrakalyANAbhyudaya) kartA (kA mA0) viSaya-pratiSThApATha bhASA-saMskRta lambAI-14 iMca cauDAI 5 // iMca maMgalAcaraNa lakSmI dizatu vo yasya jJAnAdarza jgtrym| . vyadIpi sa jinaH zrImAnnAbheyA naurivAmbudhau // 1 // mAGgalyamuttamaM jIyAccharaNyaM yadrajoharam / nirahasyamarinaM tatpazcabrahmAtmakaM mahaH // 2 // doSasantApazamanIrvAgjyotsnAH jincndrjaaH|| vardhayanti zrutAmbhodhi svAntaM dhvAntaM dhunotu naH // 3 // mokSalakSmyA kRtaM kaNThahAranAyakaratnatAm / / ranavayaM namaH samyak harajJAnAcAralakSaNam /

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pratimA-lekha-saMgraha ( saMgrAhaka-bAkAmatA prasAda jI jaina ) zrI di0 jaina -paMcAyatI (baDA) mandira mainapurI (gaMja) 1 RSabhadeva-cihna baila-kRSNa pASANa-28 aM0 ucAI-lekha-"mito mAgha vadI : samvat 1935 maathe| mainapurI muhakamagaMja ke|" 2 RSabhadeva-cihna baila-dhAtu-14 aM0-prAsana meM zAsanadevatA gomukhAkAra gomukha aura cakrezvarI tathA 2 siMha haiM-lekha-"samvat 1545 gharSe vaizAkha sudi 10 candradine - zrImUlasaMdhe sarasvatIgacche balAtkAragaNe zrIkundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTAraka zrIjinacandra devAH vAhiyA-kulodbhava sAhu lakhe bhAryA kusumA tayo putra sAhu mallU tasya bhAryA udayazrI tayo putra candra jyeSTha, sA0 lahaNa tatkaniSTa sA. choTe tatkaniSTha sA. vIra siMha taskaniSTha sA. arjuna taskaniSTha sA0 prabhU tatkaniSTha sA0 palTU taskaniSTa sA0 valdU teSAM madhye sA0 arjuna tasya bhAryA matA tena arjunenedaM zrAdIzvaraviMbaM raca pUjanArtha ___ kraassitaaN|" 3 RSabhadeva-cihna baila --mUlavarNa pASANa-31 aM0-"mito mAgha vadI 1 samvat 1931 madhye ___ mainapurI muhakamagaMla ke sakala paMcana ke|" samavazaraNa meM virAjamAna :4 zAntinAtha-ci0 hiraNa-sAmAnya pASANa-prAsapAsa yakSayakSiNI madhya meM bhAmaNDala chatropeta . liGgalekhAdirahita-12 aM0-yaha mUrti prAcIna hai| 5 pArzvanAtha - sarpa-zveta pA0-10 aM0-"sa0 1416 paTera madhye bha0 vizvasenapratiSThApitaM / " 6 candraprabhu-dhUsaravarNa pA.-11 aMo-"sambat 1610 mitI mAgha sudI 14 zani kASTAsaMghe lohAcAryAnnAye bha0 rAjendrakIrti devAstadAmnAye anotkAnvaye vAtilagotra sAdhu zrIsAkhIlAla tatputra munisuvratadAsena sakala bhrAtRvarga tassinTyartha zrIjinabiMba pratiSThAkArApita *isa saMgraha meM una pratimAoM kA vivaraNa diyA jAtA hai jinameM liMga-cihna prakaTa nahIM hai aura jo digarAmnAya ke jaina-mandiroM meM virAjamAna haiN| maulikatA lupta ho jAne ke khayAla se isa pratimA-lekha saMgraha ke lekhoM kI bhayaMkara azuddhiyAM jyoM kI tyoM choDa dI gayI haiN| sampAdaka

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bhAskara bhAga 2 ] 7 supArzvanAtha-zvetaH-13 aM0-" samvat 1952 mitI mAgha sudI 5 kASTAsaMghe bha0 munIMdra kIrti tadAnAye chedIlAla bakarasa-maina-" 8 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-11 aMo-cakSayakSiNI-sahita-kamalAsana - "samvat 1346 caitra (paMcaparameSTho) sudI 13 mUlasaMghe zrI mAlavaMza sAdhu vihu OM rAjye pratApacandradaha ___ upsNghaa|" 6 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-10 aM0-"saM0 1528 varSe baizASa sudI 7 zrImUlasaMdhe bha0 zrIjinacandra tatpa? zrI siMhakIrti deva mahivabaMza-sAdhu hya bhAryA vaisA putra pragandhA bhAryA renA putra jaisI bhA0 tAvaso putra gaNasena......... itvAdi" 10 candraprabhu saMgha-sahita-dhAtu-11 aM0-"samvat 1411 vaisAkha sudI 13 zrImUlasaMghe sA0 naravara siMha nagarakoTela gotraa|" 11 zrAdinAtha samUha,chatra, bhAmaNDala, yakSayakSiNI-sahita-14 aM0-dhAtu-"sambat 1121 varSe mAgha sudI 15 golaraDe eDarajU putradeva sAdhu jU mAthemA / " 12 pAryamAtha-dhAtu-8 aMo-"samvat 1133 ... majhile sAhu ... NIsakalA ... / " . 13 ajitanAtha-zveta-10 aM0-"samvat 1688 phAlguNa zuklA 8 zanI zrImUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye bha0 jagadbhUSaNa tadAnAce sA0 jagadU tasya sevAsa putra...... " 14 zAMtinAtha paMcaparameSThI-khAkI pA0-24 aM0-bhAmaNDala, chatra bakSayakSiNI-sahita, "samvat 1015 varSe mAgha sudI 1 mUlasaMghe...... / " 15 candraprabhu-samUha-sahita-dhAtu-10 aM-"samvat 1208 sA. kuMvarapAla panI sudhanI nityaM ___ praNamati / " 16 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-sambat 1415 mAgha sudI 11 retaka jI sAhu jU" 17 neminAtha-kRSNa pA0-5 aM0-"samvat 1815 prtisstthossaaN|" / 18 pArzvanAtha mandira-sahita-dhAtu-3 aM0-"sambat 1711 varSe mAgha sudI 5 zrI mabasaMdhe bhaTTAraka zrInandadeva / " 16 pArzvanAtha mandira-sahita-dhAtu-3 aM0-"samvat 1688 varSe phAlguNa sudo 8 zrImUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMda0 bha0 zrIjagadbhUSaNadevAstaziSye vRhma mAdhava karmakSayArtha nityaM praNamati / " 20 pArzvanAtha sphttik-1|| aM0-lekharahita / 21 pArzvanAtha-kRSNa pA0-6 aM0-"mAgha vadI 6saM0 1925mAthe mainapurI ke sakala paMcana ke|" 22 pArzvanAtha- dhAtu-21 aM0-"zrI samvat 1955 mAgha sudI 12 zuddhAnnAva pratiSThitam mhaapuruss|"

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kiraNa 1] pratimA-lekha-saMgraha 23 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-7 aM.-"sambata 1436 zrImUlasaMghena zrIprabhAcandra tacchiSya maMDalAcArya * zrIdharmacandrastadAmnAya khaMDelabAla tarAnvaye. pATaNI gotra sA0 TIkama bhA0 nihuraNA saritastatra prnnmNti|" 24 caMdraprabhu-7 aMgula-dhAtu-"saM0 1657 vaisAkha badI 2 banArasIdAsa pratiSThitaM bhogAMva muvAsIlAla kI nauje|" . 25 mahAvIra-dhAtu-60-"saM0 1537 varSe baisAkha sudi 14 ravivAsare zrImUlasaMdhe jaisAra sA0 jaisiMha bhAryA sAmA putra mAdhava karmakSayArtha nirmitaM / " . 26 candraprabhu-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1955 pratiSThitam guNalAla ajamera / " 27 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-5 aM0-"saM0 1471 lameca sIlalAlena putra nityaM praNamaMti / " 28 pArzvanAtha-4 aM0-dhAtu-lekharahita / 26 pArzvanAtha-4 aM0-dhAtu-"saM0 1524 pratiSThitaM / " 30 arht-dhaatu-3|| aM0-lekha va cihnarahita / 31 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-3 aM0-"saM0 1506...... / 32 arhata-dhAtu-"saM0 1955 / " 33 ,, , lekharahita / 34 paarshvnaath-dhaatu--3|| aM.-"sa. 1548". 35 pArzvanAtha - dhaatu-3|| aM0-lekharahita / 36 zrAdinAtha-maTIlA pA0-10 aM0-lekha miTa gayA hai| par3hane meM nahIM paataa| prAcIna mUrti hai jaTAdAra bAla haiN| 37 pArzvanAtha- dhAtu-3 aM0 "paM0 zobhArAma / ' 38 pArzvanAtha-prAtu-3 aM0 - "saM 1121" 36 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-2 aM0-lekha nahIM / 40 pArzvanAya-dhAtu-3 aM0-"zrImUnasaMghe saM0 145." 41 prAdinAtha-zveta 0-65 aM0-"zrI saMvat 1652 mitI mAva sudI 5 kASThAsaMgha dillI siMhAsanAdhIza bha0 zrI prakIrtidevAstadAmnAye agravAla bAbU chedIlAla jI viznucaMdra jo narottama dAsa jI pratiSThA karAyitAM kaTezvara myAM" / noTa-jinake sAtha khaDgAsana likhA hai una viyoM ko chor3akara zeSa padmAsana haiM /

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bhAskara bhAga 2] zrI di0 jaina-mandira kaTarA mainapurI meM kula 140 mUrtiyAM haiM, jina meM nIce kI pratimAoM meM liMga-cihna nahIM hai| 1 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1110 ... ..." 1 pArzvanAtha- dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1548 varSe vai0 su057 3 pAInAtha-, , "saM0 1454 ... deva kI......" 4 pArzvanAtha-,-8 aM0-"saM0 1533 ... ... ... " 5 ahaMta tIna khaDDAsana-dhAtu-5 aM0-"saM0 1657 vai0 ..." 6 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-5 aM0-"saM0 1688 varSe phAlguNa sudi 8 zrImahAraka vijana satita sAchI __taratamava (?)" 7 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu - 4 aM0-lekharahita / 8 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1335 vaisAkha sudi 5 sA leSaMmalastasputra bhanana sahada hai...' 6 mahAvIra samavazaraNa-dhAtu-10 aM0-"saM0 1526 varSe vaisAkha sudi 2 budhe mUlasaMghe bha0 siMha kIrti devaa| sA saharadA putra modika lallU digambara mUrti jU sadA -sahAI villii|" 10 mahAvIra samUha-sahita-dhAtu-10 aM0-lekha pUrvavat / 11 mahAvIra samUha---bhAmaMDala-chatra-yakSAdi-sahita-zvetapASANa-18 aM0-"vijapAla nAgapAla" 12 arhat-11 aM0-haritakRSNa pA0- lekharahita / 13 arhat-5 aM0-kRSNa pA0-lekharahita / 14 munisuvratanAtha-lAla-kAlA pA0-"saM0 1508 vaizASa vadi 8 ... vaizASa vadi aSTamI paratISTa sadhAmi upadhArI......"(1) 15 pArzvanAtha-sphaTika-5 aM0-- lekharahita / 16 arhatvAkI pA0 -5 aM0-lekharahita / 17 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1541 mUlaMsaMghe ityAdi " 18 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-8 aM0-"saM0 1530 mAgha sudi 11 bha0 devacandra sA0 teU putra bhojAdeva pratiSThApitaM / " 16 mahAvIra-dhAtu-7 aM0-"saM0 1802 ... ... . 20 arahanAtha samUha-dhAtu-6 aMo-"saM0 1545 vaisASa sudi 7 zrI kASThAsaMghe bha0 kamala. kIrti sAhasurU ... putra vodhA ..."

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kiraNa 1 ] pratimA - lekha -saMgraha 21 mahAvIra samavazaraNa - dhAtu -- 14 0 - " saM0 1537 varSa caisAtha sudi 10 gurau zrImUlasaMghe bha0 jinacandrAnnAye maMDalAcArya vidyAnandI tadupadezaM golArArAnvaye pibU putr.........|" 22 mahAvIra samUha - dhAtu - 140 - saM: 1510 varSe mAgha sudi 8 some kASThAsaMghe bhaTTAraka kamalakIrti deva kAnvaye gagaMgotrI tA0 rana bhA0 denho putra sahaya bhA0 vAru putra macandra praNamanti / 23 sumatinAtha samUha - dhAtu - 11 0 " saM0 1551 varSa vaisApa sudi 13 guro barahaDAcA gotra e krakeza jJAtIya sA0 zivAbhAryA siMgAra suta depati bhAryAM dehalagade suta rAvaNe tasazrayordhagrI zrIsumatinAthabiMbaM kAritaM pratiSThitaM taM yA zrIhemavimala sUribhiH // " nAgura grAme // 24 pArzvanAtha - sphaTika - 4 zraM0 - lekharahita / 25 arhat-dhAtu - - 5 0 "saM0 1412 varSe vaisASa sudI 13 budhe zrImUlasaMghe pratiSThAcArya zrI prabhAcandradeva lambakaJcuka sA nyAGgadeva bhAryA tANa putra lAvA bhAryA mahAdevI bArambAra praNamati / 26 pArzvanAtha - dhAtu - 4 zraM0 - lekharahita / 27 zreyAMsanAtha - dhAtu - 4 0 - " saM0 1525 caitra zukle 3 budhe zrImUlasaMghe zrIsiMhakIrti pa0 60 pu0 laMbakaMcukAnvaye sAye miNDe bhAryAM sonA putra sA0 jallU bhAryA manA praNamanti / " 28 pArzvanAtha - dhAtu - 6 zraM - " saM0 1546 jyeSTha vadI 6 bha0 zrI hemacandrAmnAye goyalagotra sA0 UdA bhAryA povAhI "" momanasiMha / ' putra 26 covIsIpaTa - dhAtu - 7 0 - "saM0 1716 varSe caitravadI 4 zrImUla saMghe bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti..." 30 pArzvanAtha - dhAtu - 5 zraM - " saM0 1401 vaisASa 14 sudI lamecU sA0 rmuu......|" 31 AdinAtha- trAtu -- 40 - saM0 1532 rSe vaisASa vadI 14 saM0 mahiparu puM0 saMpara supudhejasi / 11 32 pArzvanAtha - dhAtu - 6 zraM0 - "zrI mUlasaMve bha0 zrI vimalendrakIrti sA0 vIrapAlU bhASa varaNI bAI tesuM" / 33 pArzvanAtha - dhAtu 7 zraM0 - "saM0 1666 caita sudI 15 trau bha0 lalitakIrti bha0 dharmakIrti tadupadezAt sA0 padAratha bhAryA jiyA putra do khemakaraNa pamApetA nityaM namati / " 34 pArzvanAtha - dhAtu - 6 zraM0 - "zrI mUlasaMghe bha0 jinacandra upadezAt. "" . 35 arhat dhAtu - 6 - "samvat 1525 phAlguNa ...... / " 36 arhat - dhAtu - 3 zraM0 - "saM0 1575...... / " 37 pArzvanAtha - dhAtu - 4 0 " saM0 1505 vaisAtha sudI 5 zubhamastu 38 pArzvanAtha - dhAtu - 4 zraM0 - lekharahita / 33 neminAtha - dhAtu - 4 zraM0 saM0 1689 yasa / "

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bhAskara bhAga 2] 10 paarshvnaath-dhaatu-1|| aM0-"saM0 1531 mUlasaMdhe sA0......" 41 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-3 aM0-"saM0 1206......" 42 shraadinaath--dhaatu-3|| aM0-"saM0 1122......" 43 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-4 aM0-"zrI bhaTTAraka rAmasena" / 44 candraprabha-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1601 phAlguna sudi / mUnasaMghe dharmakIrti prAcArya sA0 mahan bhAryA bhAnumatI putra sarvana......" 45 paarshvnaath-dhaatu-3|| aM0--lekha lupta / 46 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu--4 aM0-"saM0 1685 vaisAkha sudI 3" 47 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1521 vaibhava sAvana sudo 5 budhe shriimuulsNdhe"| . 48 arhat mandira-sahita-dhAtu-1 aM0-"saM0 1686......" 46 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1514 caitasudI 1 budhe" 1. pArzvanAtha-dhAtu - 4 aM0-"saM0 1514 / 51 pArzvanAtha -dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1438 varSe......" 12 pArzvanAtha maMdira-dhAtu-1 aM0-"saM0 1746 mAha sudI...zrImUla saMdhe ma0 zrIjagatkIrti __saMghaI zrIkRSNadAsa" 53 arihaMta--dhAtu-4 aM0--"zrI mUlasaMdhe bAI karayA" 54 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-5 aM0-lekharahita / 15 shraadinaath--dhaatu-4|| aM0--"saM0 1525 varSe caita sudI 15 zromUjasaMghe bha0 siMhakIrti deva golArADAnvaye sAdhu bhauyAra......" 56 mahat-khagAsana-dhAtu--5 aM0--"saM0 1973 zrAvaNa vadI 1 zrokASThAsaMdhe bha0 zrIguNakIrti sA0 jindaas"| 57 arhat-dhAtu-5 aM0-0 1413 varSe vaisASa sudI 13 budhe zrImUlasaMghe pratiSThAcArya zrI jinacandradeva laMbakaMcuka sAhu sahadeva bhAryA campA putra dotadeva bhAryA mUla / putra lakhanadeva panadeva dharmadeva praNamanti nityaM / " 58 caMdraprabha-dhAtu-4 aM0--"saM0 1601 phAguna sudI / bha0 dharmakIcArya jasapAladAsu bhAryA rAjamati kraassitaa|" 56 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-5 aMka-"saM0 1242......" 60 arhat-dhAtu-4 aM.-"saM0 1414 vaisASa sudI 15 zrI kASThAsaMdhe sA0 raha putra naanig|" 61 vimlnaath--dhaatu-3|| aMo-"zrI amba0 sA0 lUNA suta sA0 ramnA vimalanAtha / " 62 arhat-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1557 varSe phAlguNa vadI 2 mUlasaMdhe / " . 63 pArzvanAtha-kRSNa pASANa-4 aMka-"saM0 1562 zromUtrasaMdhe bha0 jinacandradeva......"

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kiraNa] pratimA-lekha-saMgraha 64 arhanta tIna (khajAsana)-dhAtu -7 aM0-"saM0 1525 varSe caitravadI 1 budhe mUlasaMdhe bha0 siMhakIrti:bAI mahAsiri sA0 naja bhAryA bhUrI putra bahoru bhaaryaavdhii|" 65 aAhata-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1520 varSe prAsAda sudI 7 zrImUlasaMdhe khaMDelavAlAnvaye sA. haridApta praNamanti / " 66 paarshvnaath-dhaatu-2|| aM0-"zrIzubha......" 67 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1540 vaisASa sudI 10 muulsNdhe|" 68 pArzvanAtha dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1662 mAgha vadI 1 mUlasaMdhe saMghaI ahimani" 66 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1452......" 70 arhat-dhAtu-5 aM0-"saM0 1413 varSe vai0 su0 13 budhe......" 71 arhat-dhAtu-4 aM0-lekha par3hane meM nahIM paataa| 72 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1562 mAgha vadI 1 zrImUlasaMdhe sA0 bahaNU bhAryA hridevi|" 73 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1545 varSe......" 74 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu --6 aM0- "saM0 1554 vaisASa sudI 3 candra sA* bhulU bhAryA bharano..." 75 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-lekha par3hA nahIM jaataa| 76 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-4 aM0-lekharahita / 77 arht-dhaatu-2|| aM0-"saM0 1526" 78 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-5 aM0--"saM0 1103......" 76 pArzvanAtha--dhAtu--3 aM0-"saM0 1460" 80 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-7 aM0-"saM0 1666 caitra sudI 1 mUlasaMghe bha0 lalitakIrti bha0 dhamakIrti upadezAt sarUpacandra pratiSThApitam paurapadesApadikuM putra bhAvate ? / " 81 ajitanAtha-dhAtu-7 aM0-"saM0 1111 zrImUlasaMdhe va0 jinadAsa upadezAt pauravAda jAti sA rahuNA bhAryA golasiri putra garjU bhojarAja praNamanti / " 12 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-7 aM0-"saM0 1537......" 83 AdinAthasamavazaraNa-pakSayakSiNI-sahita-dhAtu-16 a0-"saM0 1130 varSe mAgha . sudI 6......" 84 pArzvanAtha -dhAtu-3 aM0-"saM0 1910 sA0 pannAlAla" 85 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-4 aMo-lekharahita / 86 paarshvnaath-dhaatu-1|| aMo-"zrImUlasaMdhe" 87 paarshvnaath-dhaatu-3|| aM0-"saM0 1534 vaisAkha sudI 10 ....." 88 mahat-akSayakSiNI-sahita samavazaraNa-dhAtu 16 aM0 bIca meM khagAsana zeSa 13 padmAsana cahuMora liGga tathA lekharahita /

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bhAskara bhAga 2] 86 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-8 aM0-"saM0 1534 varSe phAlguNa sudI 8 bhaume zrImUlasaMdhe sA0 bar3a bhAryA brahmadevI......" 1. pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-7 aM0-"saM0 1548 zrImUlasaMghe zrIbhuvanakIrti dIkSitA golasiMgArI zrAryA jJAnazrI nityaM prnnmNti|" 11 AdinAtha samavazaraNa yakSayakSiNo-sahita-dhAtu-25-aM0-OM saMvat 1450 varSe vaizApa sudI 12 gurau zrI cAhuvAnavaMzahu zeSaya prakAzanamArtaNDa sAraca vikramanya zrImata sarUpa bhUpagvAnvaya muMDadevAtmajasya bhUvazakrasva zrIsuvara nRpateH rAjye vartamAna zrImUlasaMgha bha0 zrIprabhAcaMdradeva tatpade zrIpamanandi deva tadupadeze golArADAnvaye ......ityaadi| 12 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-3 aM0-"saM0 1502 vaisAkha sudI 1 / " 63 " " " " 16 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-8 aM0-"saM0 1515 varSe mAgha sudI 5 bhaume zrI mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gacche bha0 jinacandradeva golArADAnvaye sA0 abhU bhAryA hado......" ... 67 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-7 aM0-lekha lupta ho yaa| 18 pArzvanAtha-dhA-8 aM0 -- "saM0 1531 phAlguNa sudo 5......" .. 16 zrAdinAtha samavazaraNa yakSayakSiNI sahita-dhAtu-16 aM0-"saM0 1926 vai0 sudI 7 budhe zrIkASThAsaMghe bha0 zrI malayakIrti bha0 guNabhadrAmnAye agroskAnvaye mittala gotra praadi| 10. saMbhavanAtha-dhAtu-16 aM:-samavazaraNa-lekha nahIM / 101 AdinAtha samavazaraNa yakSa-dhAtu-18 aM0-"saM0 1531 phAlguNa sudI 5 zukre zrI kASThAsaMghe bha0 guNabhadrAmnAye jaisavAla sA0 kAlhA bhASI jayazrI aadi|" 102 neminAtha-dhAtu-3 aM0-lekha paDhA nahIM gayA / 103 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu--3 aM0- "saM0 1104" 104 arhat tIna khagAsana-dhAtu-3 aM0-"saM0 1515...... 105 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-11 aMka-"saM0 1957 vai0 sudI 12 somavAsare...mUlasaMghe digambarAnAe zrIkuMdakuMdAcAryopadezAt bhogAMvanagare bar3helavAla vaMzonave giradhArIlAla banArasI dAsa pratiSThitam nityaM praNamaMti kaTarA pnyciilaal"| 106 ajitanAtha-zveta pA0-28 aM0-"zrIzubha saMvatsare nRpati vikramAditya rAjyastha saM0 1505 zAke 1563 phAlguna sudI somavAsare zrImayaNapuri pAtisAha zrI matsAhajahAM rAjye pravartamAne zrImUlasaMdhe gacche ma0 zrImajinaprabhasUri teto bha0 zrI jinabhAna......"

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vaidya-sAra (anuvAdaka--60 satpandhara jaina, zrAyurvedAcArya, kAvyatIrtha ) 1-tridoSa para mahArasa sindUra zuddha pAradaSaDguNoktasurabhi-jIrNIkRtaM tadrasaM yuktyoktaM navasArakaM maNizilA-paMcAMzakaM TaMkaNaM / vajrakSArakalAMzakairvimilitaM gaMdhArdhabhAga kramAt sarva khalvatale vimarca zubhage yogAdiRkSe dine // 1 // kanyAbhAskarahaMsapAdyanalakaijavIranIrArjunI gojihvAnakharaMjitaM phaNilatApArthezca saMmarditaM / tatkalkAtapazoSitaM ca sarva saMrudhya kRpyAM tathA yaMtre vyaMgulabAlukAsthitayutaM tatpUritaM bhAMDakaM // 2 // pakva dvAdazayAmakaM kramagataM cAddhRtya sUtaM gataM / khalve pUrvakRtaM vidhAya nikhiladravyAnvitaM mardayet / prAgvat kRpikasaMsthitaM dinayugaM paktvA kramAgniM zanaiH pazcAdAgatasiddhasUtamakhilaM saMmardayet tadvaiH // 3 // yaMtroktakramasiddhakaiH kRtacaturviMzAnuyAma kramAt sRtaM pakvamiti trivAramucitaM siddharasendra budhaiH| ekaM dvi tri yathAkramaH dazazatAdhikyAt sahasrAd guNaiH tasmAt sarvaguNAnuyogamadhikaM yuktyA trivAraM pacet // 4 // paktvAdAya susiddhamaMgalamidaM pUjopacAraiH kramam udyadbhAskarasaMnibhaM ca vimalaM tatsUryabhAraMjitaM / siddha sUtarasAyanaM gadaharaM dharmArthakAmapradaM tatsUtaM maricAjyayuktamanilaM hanyAt sitAjyairjayet // 5 // pittaM taudrakaNAnvite kaphagaMda vyoSArkakSAreNa saha mandAgniM sa ca sannipAtasakalaM yogAnuyAnairjayet zvAsaM kAsamarocakaM kSayaharaM kAmAgnisaMdIpanaM tuSTiM puSTibalAvahaM sukhakara lAvaNyahemaprabhaM // 6 //

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bhAskara nityaM sevitazAzvataM rasavara yogottara sarvadA rogAt sajjanarakSaNArthabhiSajaH kIrti karoti sadA sarva lokahitaMkara viracitaM zAstrAnusAraiH kramAtU vikhyAtaM karuNAkara rasavara zrIpUjyapAdoditam // 7 // TokA-doSarahita tathA chaha guNoM se sahita svaccha zuddha tathA zodhana mAraNa karane vAle dravyoM se jIrNa arthAt ATha saMskAra athavA aTThAraha saMskAra se zuddha kiyA huA pArA tathA zuddha navasAdara tathA zuddha menazilA ye tInoM samAna bhAga tathA pAre se pAMcave bhAga suhAgA, pAre se 16 vAM bhAga zAtalAkSAra (thUhara) tathA pAre se prAdhA zuddha gaMdhaka (AMvalA sAra gaMdhaka ) sabako milA kara zubha dina, zubha nakSatra zubhamUhUrta meM kharala meM mardana karake ghIkumArI, (gaMvAra pAThA) pAka kA dUdha, haMsarAja (tipatiyA), citraka, jaMbIrI nIMbU ko rasa, tathA natrika, gobhI, nakhara jita (eka sugaMdhita padArtha) nAgara vela (pAna) kAhA, inake svarasa meM eka 2 dina alaga 2 khUba mardana karake ghAma meM sukhA karake kAMca kI zIzI meM baMda kare tathA vAlukAyaMtra meM zIzI ke nIce 3 aGgala vAlukA rahe phira zIzI ke muMha taka bAlukA bhara deve aura usako krama se manda, madhya, khara A~ca 12 prahara taka deve phira usa zIzI meM se vaha pArA nikAla kara use uparyukta saba auSadhiyoM ke svarasa meM alaga 2 mardana kare tathA do dina taka phira bAlukAyaMtra meM pakAve, pAka hone para pArA nikAla kara unhoM dravyoM ke svarasa meM ghoMTa evaM sukhA kara bAlukAyaMtra meM pakAvetathA 24 prahara taka barAbara bhAva de| isa prakAra tIna bAra pAka kare to yaha yoga sahasra guNoM se yukta hotA hai isaliye isako yuktipUrvaka tIna bAra avazya hI pkaave| yaha pakA huA pArA siddha hone para maMgalamaya hai tathA isako iSTadeva kI pUjA karake sevana kre| yaha udaya hue sUrya ke raGga ke samAna svaccha, utkRSTa sUrya kI AbhA-sahita siddha pArada rasAyana (mahArasa sindUra) bhaneka rogoM ko haranevAlA dharma, artha, kAma ko denevAlA hotA hai| kAlI mirca tathA ghI ke sAtha khAne se vAyu-roga zAnta hote haiM tathA pIpala aura madhu ke sAtha sevana karane se kaphajanya roga zAnta hote haiM, soMTha, mirca, pIpala aura arkakSAra (akaune ke kSAra) ke sAtha sevana karane se maMdAgni zAnta hotI hai| tathA aneka anupAna ke yoga se sampUrNa sannipAtoM ko aura zvAsa, kAsa arocaka, kSaya ko jItatA hai, kAmAgni ko dIpana karanevAlA, zarIra ko eTa-puSTa karanevAlA, bala ko denevAlA, sukhaprada, sundaratA ko denevAlA yaha suvarNa ke samAna kAntivAlA yoga nitya hI sevana karanA caahiye| yaha yoga sajanoM kI rakSA karane evaM vaidyoM ko kIrti kA denevAlA tathA sampUrNa loka kA hita karanevAlA zAstra ke anusAra bhepa zrIpUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai jo prasiddha hai aura zreSTha rasa hai|

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vaidya-sAra 2-prameha para vaMga-bhasma zarAve nikSipet zuddha baMgaM plctussttym| dIpyakaM tu catuHprasthaM dviprasthaM rajanorajaH // 1 // vilInavaMgaM tajjJAtvA. gaalyedbhsmvdbhvet| vidArIkaMdo musalI gokSuro bhUmizarkarA // 2 // suravallI sArakaH sAmyameteSAM dviguNA sitaa| baMgabhasma parNakaM tu yojayitvA tu bhakSayet // 3 // culukaM sitodakaM pAnaM dvidlaishcaamlvrjitm| sarvapramehavidhvaMsi pUjyapAdanirUpitam // 4 // TIkA-eka miTTI ke gahare sarAve meM athavA haMDI meM zuddha baMga (rAMgA) ko 16 tolA lekara DAla deve aura usake nIce AgI jalAve jaba vaha gala jAve taba usameM 52 chaTAMka jIre kA cUrNa pIsa kara DAle tathA 32 chaTAMka haldI kA cUrNa DAlatA jAve isa prakAra DAlate rahane se rAMge kA bhasma taiyAra ho jaaygii| jaba vaMga bhasma vAritara ho jAya (jala meM taira jAve arthAt nIce nahIM DUbe ) taba nIce likhe anupAna se sevana kre| yathA vidArIkaMda, mUsalI, gAkhurU, bhUmizarkarA, gurca kA sata ye pA~co tIna tIna mAze lekara saba kA cUrNa kare tathA sabake barAbara uttama mizrI milAkara cUrNa taiyAra karale aura phira 1 paNa (5 rattI) vaMga bhasma lekara usameM milAve tathA pratidina prAtaHkAla tathA sAyaMkAla mizrI kI cAsanI se sevana kare tathA usake Upara eka cullU mizrI kA pAnI pove tathA khaTAI aura dAla kI banI cIjeM nahIM sevana kre| pramaihoM kA nAza karanevAlA yaha yoga zrIpUjyapAda svAmI kA kahA huA hai| 3-pramehAdi para karpUrarasa zuddha sUtaM palamitaM samAdAya punastataH / saindhavaM sphATikaM samyak zuddha dvicatuH palaM // 1 // cUrNayitvAtha jaMvIrarasena parimardayet / tasyopari rasaM kSiptvA samAloDya vimIlayet // 2 // haMDikAyAM ca tatkalkaM kSiptvopari zarAvakaM / nirubhya saMdhi vaghnIyAt dRr3ha mRNmayakarpaTaiH // 3 // raviyAmaM paceyatnAt Urva bhAMDagataM bhavet /

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bhAskara taccUrNa rUpiNaM sutaM samAdAya punastataH // 4 // navasAra' kSipet sArdhaniSkamAtraM tataH punaH / prathamaM navasAra N tu cUrNayitvAtha bhasmakaM // 5 // vicUrNya melanaM kRtvA kAcakUpyAM prapUrayet / kUpIdvAraM tu vadhnIyAt khacyA sUtreNa baMdhayet // 6 // dvAra vihAya saMpUrya mRdA samyak pralepayet / haMDyAmatha ca bAlukyA caturaGgulamAtrakam // 7 // prapUrya kUpimUrdhAnamUrdhvaM kRtvA tipedatha / zeSaM bAllukayApUrya caturaGgalasaMmitaM // // UrdhvadezaM zarAveNa samAchAdyAtha lepayet / saMdhi mRdA gar3ha' yattAccullyAmAropya yaMtrakam // 1 // divArAtriM paceddhImAn cAgniM tatkramavRddhinA ? | jvAlayennirnimeSeNa pAradaM ca parikSayet // 10 // dRr3ha karpUrarUpeNa rasaH karpUratAM vrajet / mehAnAM vizati hanyAt caturAzItivAtajAn // 11 // sphoTaM zvAsaM ca kAsaM ca pAMDuM plIhaM halImakam / saMdhizophe kSINabale saMdhivAte kaphagrahe // 12 // ardite pakSaghAte ca hanuvAte galagrahe / cittabhrame bhagnakAme niHpratIte tunIhate // 13 // zvetakuSThe daduroge pradAtavyaM bhiSagvaraiH / guMjAmAtramidaM khAdet -- zarkarAmadhunAthavA // 14 // dugdhaM sebyaM dine tasmAt drAkSAkharjUrakaM tathA / nAgaM nArikelaM ca kadalIphalakaM tathA // 15 // takasAraH pradAtavyaH rase ca kupite tathA / yogo'yaM prayuktaH syAt pUjyapAdena svAminA // 16 // TIkA - suddha pArA 8 tolA lekara taiyAra rakkhe, phira seMdhA namaka aura phiTakarI donoM kA zuddha kara krama se 8 tolA aura 16 tolA lekara donoM cUrNa kara jaMborI nIMbU ke rasa meM mardana kara lugadI banAve aura phira usa lugadI meM usa pAre kA milA deve phira eka pakkA haMDI meM kapar3amiTTI karake usake bhItara usa lugadI kA rakha kara Upara eka sarAvA DhAMka kara pakI kapar3amiTTI kare aura usako 12 prahara taka AMca deve aura ThaMDhA hone para Upara lagA

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vaidya-sAra huA jo sapheda raMga kA ho usako yatnapUrvaka nikAla leve, aura phira usa nikAle hue dravya meM 4 // mAsA ( 6 Ane bhara) nausAdara milAve donoM kA khUba pIsakara kA~ca kI zIzI meM baMda kare kUpI kA mukha khar3iyA miTTI se acchI taraha baMda kare, aura phira haMDI meM zIzI kA U~cA mukha karake bAlU bhara deve parantu bAlU itanI bhare ki zIzI kI talI 4 aMgula khAlI rahe / Upara se eka sarAvA DhA~ka deve aura kapar3amiTTI kara deve tathA cUlhe para car3hA deve tathA eka dinarAta pakAve kintu A~ca krama se hIna, madhyama, tIkhI deve aura jaba svAMga zItala ho jAya taba kholakara kapUra ke samAna jamA huA jo pArA hai vaha nikAla leve basa isI kA nAma rasa kapUra hai / yaha rasa kapUra 20 prakAra ke prameha caurAsI prakAra ke bAtaroga, phor3A, zvAsa, khA~sI, pAMDuroga, plIhA - halImaka, saMdhizotha, kSINatA, saMdhiyoM kI jakar3AhaTa, kapha kI jakar3AhaTa, ardita roga, pakSAghAta, hanuvAta, galagraha, cittabhrama, anicchA (napuMsakatA) ityAdi rogoM meM vaidyavaroM ko denA cAhiye / isakI mAtrA eka rattI hai| isake mizrI tathA zahada ke sAtha denA cAhiye / isake Upara dUdha kA sevana avazya karanA cAhiye tathA isake pathya meM munakkA, khajUra, nAraGgI, nAriyala, kelA avazya denA cAhiye / rasadhAtu ke kupita hone para taka denA caahiye| yaha uttama yoga pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai 4 - kSayaroga para vajrezvara rasa karSa kharparasattvaM ca SaNmAse hemavidrute nikSipeccUrNayet khalve SaNika sUtagaMdhakau // 1 // akalukaM kuNIvIjaM tulyAMzaM tAlakazcatuH / muktApravAlacUrNa tu pratiniSkASTakaM kSipet // 2 // mRtalauhasya niSkau dvau TaMkaNasyASTaniSkakaM / afrostateagratarATAnAM ca viMzatiH // 3 // zIsaH niSkatrayaM yeojyaM sarva khalve vimardayet / cAMgeryamlena yAmai jaMvIrAmalaiH dinadvayam // 4 // ruddhvA puTASTakaM deyaM hastamAtra tuSAgninA / jaMborotthadravaireva piSTvA piSTvA puTe pacet // 5 // tato vanotpalaireva deyaM gajapuTaM mahat / AdAya cUrNayet zlakSNaM cUrNA zuddhagaMdhakaM // 6 //

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bhAskara gaMdhArdha maricaM cUrNamekIkRtya dvimASakaM / lehayenmadhunA sArtha nAgavallIrasena saha // 7 // pathyaM tu pratiyAmaM syAdabhukte viSavadbhavet / raso vajrezvaraH khyAtaH kssyprvtbhedkH|||| uttamo rAjayogo'yaM pUjyapAdena bhaassitH| . TokA-eka tolA khapariyA kA satva lekara chaha mAze zuddha seAne ko galA kara usa meM DAla de phira donoM kA cUrNa kara chaha niSka (1 // tolA) pArA gaMdhaka tathA akaalk.|| tolA mAlakAMvanI 1 // tolA zuddha tavakiyA haratAla tathA abhrakabhasma, kAMta lauhabhasma, tAmrabhasma cAra 2 niSka (1 tolA) tathA zuddha mAtI aura zuddha pravAla ATha pATha niSka (2 tolA) lekara tathA lauhabhasma 2 niSka evaM suhAgA zuddha ATha niSka (2 tolA) nIla aura kuTakI 2 tolA 2 zuddha pIlI gaTholI kaur3I 20 tolA, zuddha zIsA bhasma tIna niSka lekara sabako ekatrita kara cAMgero ke rasa meM 1 pahara taka ghaTe phira sabako TikiyA banAphara saMpuTa meM baMdakara 1 hAtha kA gaDDA karake tuSa kI agni ke dvArA puTa deve aura phira jaMbIrI nIMbU ke rasa kI bhAvanA deve isa prakAra ATha puTa deve phira ATha puTa ke bAda jaMbIrI nIMbU ke rasa kI bhAvanA dekara jaMgalI kaMDoM se 1 gajapuTa deve phira sabako cUrNa karake cUrNa se AdhA zuddha A~valAsAra gaMdhaka leve tathA gaMdhaka se AdhI kAlI mirca lekara sabako ekatrita kara tIna tIna mAze zahada aura pAna ke rasa ke sAtha prAtaHkAla eka bAra sevana kare evaM isa davAI ke sevana karane para pratyeka pahara ke bAda pathyapUrvaka bhojana kare yadi isa auSadhi ke sevana karane para pathya sevana na kiyA jAyagA to yaha auSadhi viSa ke samAna kAma kregii| yaha bajrazvara rasa taya arthAt rAjayakSmA-rUpa parvata ke nAza karane ke liye bajra ke samAna hai| yaha uttama rAjayoga pUjyapAda svAmI kA kahA huA bahuta uttama hai| 5-zItajvara para zItAMkuza rasa tutthamekaM trayaM tAlaM zilAcaiva caturguNaM dhattUrasya rasaidyaH kukkuTIpuTapAcitaH // 1 // zItAMkuzaraso nAma zItajvaranivAraNaH zItajvaraviSaghno'yaM pUjyapAdena bhASitaH // 2 //

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vaidya-sAra TIkA - 1 bhAga zuddha tUtiyA 3 bhAga zuddha tavakiyA haratAla, 4 bhAga zuddha mainazilA, 4 bhAga javAkhAra sabako ekatrita kara dhatUre ke rasa se mardana kara kukkuTa puTa meM pakA kara rattiyoM ke pramANa meM sevana kare to isase zItajvara dUra hotA hai- yaha zIta jvararUpI viSa ko nAza karanevAlA pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai / 6- mutrakRcchra para kRcchrAMtaka rasa pAradAbhrakavaikrAntahemakAMta nigaMdhakam / mauktikaM vidrumaM caiva pratyekaM syAt pRthak pRthak // 1 // samaM niMbUrasairmaryaM mUSAyAM saMnirodhayet / paMcavizaMtipuTAn dadyAt tataH sarvaM vicUrNayet // 2 // mAtramAtrarasaM dadyAnnavanItasitAyutaM / bidArI tulazI raMbhA jAtI bilvaM zatAvarI // 3 // mustA nidigdhA vAsA dhAtrI vinodbhavA kuzA / pASANabhedI sarpAkSI cekSukRSNA trikaMTakaM ||4|| evarubIjayaSTyamidhA mailA (?) caMdanabAlukaM / sarva saMtu yatnena kAthayitvA pibedanu ||5|| mUtrakRcchAzmarI mehabAtapittakaphAmayAn / tayAdyakhila rogAMzca nAzayenAa saMzayaH // 6 // rasaH kRcchrAMtako nAma piTakAdivaNAn jayet // 1 TIkA - zuddha pArA, abhraka bhasma, vaikrAMta maNibhasma, suvarNabhasma, kAntalauhabhasma zuddha gaMdhaka, zuddha motI, zuddha mUMgA, ye saba cIjeM alaga alaga barAbara barAbara lekara nIMbU ke svassa meM mardana kara mUSA meM baMda kara paccIsa puTa deve / pratyeka puTa meM nIMbU ke rasa kI bhAvanA deve isa prakAra saba kA bhasma bana para jAne para sabako cUrNa kara eka mAzA pratidina makkhana aura misarI ke sAtha khAve tathA auSAdha ke khAne ke bAda ho nIce likhA kAr3hA pIye / bidArIkaMda, tulazI, kelA kaMda, camelI-pattI, bela kI chAla, zatAvara, nAgaramothA, choTI kaTahala, asA, A~valA, gurabela, kuza kI jar3a, pASANabheda, sarpAkSI, gannA, pIpala, gokharU, kakar3I ke bIja, mulahaTI, choTI ilAyacI, sugandhavAlA, sapheda candana ina saba ikkIsa cIjoM ko kUTakara kAr3hA banAkara pIye / yaha Upara kI davA kA anupAna hai| isake sevana karane se mUtra kRcchra, patharI, prameha, bAta-pitta, kapha ke roga tathA kSaya vagairaha saMpUrNa rogoM ko nAza karatA hai / yaha mUtrakRcchrAntaka rasa uttama hai /

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bhAskara 7-vibandha (koSThabaddhatA) para virecaka taila rasagaMdhakanepAladaMtivIjAni TaMkaNaM / eraMDaM tuMbivIjAni rAjavRkSAbhayAnivRt // 1 // palAzavIjamekaikaM vRddhibhAgottareNa c| . snuhIkSIreNa saMyukta mardayetridinAntaram // 2 // . nArikelaphale kSiptvA mahAgADhAtape sthitam / tattailaM jAyate zIghra lepo'yaM nAbhimadhyataH // 2 // aNumAtravilepena saptavAra virecyet|| tadgandhAghrANamAtreNa paMcavAraM virecayet // 4 // guMjAvatpAdalepena dazavAra virecayet / vairecakaprayogo'yaM pUjyapAdena bhASitaH // 5 // ___TIkA-zuddha pArA, zuddha gaMdhaka, zuddha jamAla goTA, zuddha suhAgA, zuddha maMDIbIja zuddha kar3a, tomara ke bIja, amalatAsa, bar3I hara kA chilakA, nizotha chivale (palAza) ke bIja ye cIjeM eka eka bhAga krama se bar3hatI lekara sabakA ekatrita kara thUhara ke dUdha se 3 dina taka barAbara mardana kara nAriyala ke phala meM bhara kara khUba teja ghAma meM rakha de| saba davAiyAM ghulakara tailarUpa ho jAya~ taba jAno yaha virecaka taila taiyAra ho gyaa| yaha . taila thor3A sA nAbhI para lagAne se 7 bAra dasta hotA hai tathA 1 rattI pA~va ke tala bhAga meM lepa karane se dasa bAra dasta hotA hai| aura isa tailako sUMghane se 5 bAra dasta hotA hai| virecana kA yaha prayoga pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai| 8-prameha para rAjamRgAMka rasa suvarNa rajataM kAMtaM vapuSaM caiva shiiskN| bhasmIkRtya ca tatsarva kramavRddhayA kramAMzakaM // 1 // vyomasattvabhavaM bhasma sarvastulyaM prakalpayet / kajalI sUtarAjasya sarvairetaH samAMzakam // 2 // pradAya lauhabhasmAni pUrvabhasmani nikSipet / kASThenAloDya tatsarva dinamekaM-samAcaret // 3 // tato vicUrNya tatsarva saptadhA paribhAvayet / . AkulIbIjasaMjAtakvAthenaivaM hi yatnataH // 4 //

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THE JAIN ANTIQUARY An Anglo-Hindi quarterly Journal, Vol. I. ] June, 1935. [ No. I. Editors : Prof. HIRALAL JAIN, M.A., LL.B., P.E.S., Professor of Sanskrit, King Edward College, Amraoti, C. P. * Prof. A. N. UPADHYE, M.A., Professor of Prakrata, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, S.M.C. B. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN, M.R.A.S., Aliganj, Distt. Etah, U.P. Pt. K. BHUJABALI SHASTRI, Nyayakulabhushana, Nyayacharya, Librarian, The Central Jaina Oriental Library, Arrah. Published at THE CENTRAL JAIN ORIENTAL LIBRARY, ARRAH, BIHAR, INDIA, and Basi Annual Subscription : Foreign Rs. 6-8. Amperele Inland Rs. 4. Single Copy Rs 1-4.

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Om. THE JAINA ANTIQUARY. "zrImatparamagambhIrasyAdvAdAmoghalAJchanam / tena TVRTARSKT STA PARINTAH!" Vol. 1 No. 1. SS ARRAH, (INDIA) June, 1935. MESSAGE. I welcome the "Jain Antiquary," and wish it all success. I know Jainology will fully reveal the Truth and antiquity of Jainism by cogent evidence. My own researches in mythology have shown how far and wide has been the acceptance of its principles in the world. The same, I feel sure, will be found to be the result of investigation in the other departments of Research. Let me again wish the Jain Antiquary full unqualified success. CHAMPAT RAI JAIN, London. APPRECIATIONS. 1. C. E. A. W. Oldham, Esqr., C.S.I., writes from London : "I wish this new 'Antiquary' every success in its career, and trust the Editorial Board will also exort their influence towards the

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22 . JAINA ANTIQUARY. (Vol. I publication of the many Jaina texts not yet available to the public, or even for the use of research workers, as these are likely to contain valuable material for the history, both religious and secular, of India." 2. Prof. E. J. Rapson writes from Cambridge (England) :-- "I heartily wish your Quarterly all possible success." 3. Rao Bahadur Sirdar M. V. Kibe, M.A., Minister of Commerce, Indore remarks : "I am delighted to hear, you had now undertaken to publish a quarterly devoted to the study of Jainism. Although its followers are few, yet its Philosophy and its History are of great interest possessing many problems which require a close study in the interest of Humanity." 4. Late Rai Bahadur Babu Hira Lal, B.A., Retd Dy. Commissioner, Katni wrote: "I congratulate you and your colleagues on the excellent idea of starting the Jain Antiquary, devoted to the study of Jainology, which has not been thoroughly studied upto this time. The vast literature, which the Jaina records contain are extreinely important not only from the Jaina religious point of view, but they are a storehouse of historical information and linguistic morphology which are so interesting to present day scholars of the East and the West. I wish every success to the new Quarterly and to the laudable efforts of its promoters." 5. Prakatana-Vimarsa-Vichaksana, Rao Bahadur R. Narasimhacharya M.A., M.R.A.S. writes : "I am very happy to hear that an Anglo-Hindi Quarterly is proposed to be published to promote the cause of Jainlogy and to foster the study of the subject.........I am greatly interested in the study of Jainism and shall be immensely happy for any steps that may be taken for developing Jain Research......... Wishing you every success in your efforts." 6. Prof. W. Schubring, Ph. D. Hamburg : "I was glad to learn from you that you are about to start, under the title of 'The Jaina Antiquary' a new Anglo-Hindi Quarterly devoted to Jaina Studies. As our own studies, as you know, are devoted to the same object, I am eagerly looking forward to the first number. You would oblige me very much by sending me one or several copies in order that I may obtain an idea of the line on which your journal is started and from which the character of any future contribution will depend. With my best wishes." 7. Dr. Hermann Goetz of the Kern Institute, Leyden writes: "The Kern Institute of Indian Archaeology is of course very much interested in your useful and promising undertaking. We therefore shall be very glad to co-operate with you...

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No. I. EDITORIAL EDITORIAL Our Venture. A fully correct and comprehensive history of India has not yet been written and can not be written unless and until single historical facts from age to age and period to period, province to province and movement to movement, are studied and examined in all their aspects. It is now well-known, at least in scholarly circles, that Jainism is one of the most ancient religions of India and that it has influenced the religion, philosophy, moral and social out-look of the people to a remarkable extent. But the details of these influences, how, why and when Jainism made its contributions to the cultural development of the Indian people, are even now a matter of vague speculation, and even scholars are not very clear about them. The Jaina idea of God and eternity of life has been woefully misunderstood and the system has been denounced as Nastika or. atheistic. The principle of Ahimsa or non-violence which is the sine-qua-non of the faith, has been misrepresented as the factory in which the shackles of slavery were forged. The philosophy of Anekanta or multifold view points with which Jainism has tried to reconcile seemingly opposite opinions and beliefs, has been derided and held up to ridicule as a jumble of contradictions. The fine arts such as architecture, sculpture, painting, music and poetry as developed by the Jaiuas have been neglected or their importance minimised, and the Jaina literature, inspite of its fullness and versatality, has not been considered worthy of serious study. This state of affairs was first due to the fact that the spirit of Jaina religion and its followers was very much misunderstood by the foliowers of the Hindu religion, but the position was continued and even aggravated by the apathy of the Jainas themselves who made no efforts to make their attitude clear and did not give sufficient publi. city to their literature. With the changing times, however, the condi. tions are now fast changing. On the one hand, the scholars all over the world are becoming increasingly interested in the study of Jainism, and on the other, the Jainas themselves have become keen about clearing their position and attitude both by propaganda and by throwing open their literary treasures to the world. The present venture is a modest attempt to facilitate and encourage the growth of this new spirit. All Jaina and non-Jaina scholars are invited to express themselves freely about Jaina religion, philosophy, history, art and literature through the pages of the Jaina Antiquary. Our forum shall be open to all those, and only to those, who wish to present facts without any passion or acrimony. Our aim is to elicit

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JAINA ANTIQUARY. i Vol.i. truth, to remove prevailing doubts and suspicions to re-examine known facts impartially, to discover unknown events of history and fit them in with the known facts and to bring to light the vast ancient literature that yet remains hidden from the public view. All this we mean to accomplish by cool and patient study without distorting facts and without forcing conclusions. We are fully conscious of the difficulties which lie in our way but we also know that nothing good and great has ever been accomplished without great risks. We will do our best and we feel confident of the co-operation not only of the Jainas of all denominations, Digambaras, Svetambaras and Sthanakavasis, but also of all those belonging to India or outside, who are interested in the study of Indology. We are sure of our efforts but the measure of our achievements will depend upon the measure of co-operation that we receive. And thus only our humble venture sball crown with success, which no doubt shall be a thing of pride for the Jaina Oriental Library, Arrah and of satisfaction for that departed great soul Shriman Babu Devakumaraji, of Arrah, who founded the Library and the "Jaina Siddhanta Bhaskara," the Hindi quarterly which is being published again by his illustrious sons Messrs. Nirmal Kumarji and Chak reswar Kumarji B. So., B.L., and of which the " Jaina Antiquary" forms a part, simply to promote the cause of Jaina Research. May the Shagana Devas help us and the Victory be of the Great Jinas.I HIRA LAL JAIN. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN.

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No. I. ] ANCIENT SOUTH INDIAN JAINISM. Ancient South Indian Jainism. BY Prof. B. Seshagiri Rao M.A., Ph. D. Bharatithirtha Pradhani, Vizianagram. Jitam bhagwata Srimad-dharma-tirtha-vidhayina. Varddhamanena samprapta-siddhi-saukhamritatmana. Bhadrabalu Ins of srawana Balgola. ( jitaM bhagavatA zrImaddhamatItrtyavidhAyinA / admiaa eimafafs Aranyakazi 11 ) A Religion of Strength. 5. My grateful thanks are due to the Editorial Committee of the Jain Antiquary for the honour they have done me in Namas Kriya. inviting me to join their present literary enterprise. I gladly respond to their kind invitation and say something about "Ancient South Indian Jainism" with the history of which I made myself familiar to some extent. Spiritual religion and Ritualism. To day, institutional religion in India, of whatever denomination, has become so grossly and so largely identified with mechanical, formalistic ritualism that religion as spiritual aspiration and spiritual achievement through moral perfection has almost completely lost ground. In such circumstances, a peep into the antiquities of any faith or system of religion in India is bound to have very chastening and ennobling reactions. I trust the labours of Jain Antiquary will in time bring about this new life in that ancient system of Jainism which for at least twelve centuries, if not more, exercised great power and influence over the south, and needless to say north-Indian peoples. It appears to me that Jainism is a religion of strength, believing that man in Spirit and that his supreme goal in life or 'Uttama Purushartha' is the attainment of Godhood or Arhathood, i.e., that Jivatma is destined to become Paramatma, its original source. The obligation to, and effort at this transformation it throws on man's efforts more than on God's Grace (or Paramesvarasya Nirhetuka-jayamana-kataksha). It is a worker's and not an idler's faith. 64 sea of troubles," an It looks upon Samsara or life experience as a or experience where it is mostly, as ordi-entangling snare,-Samsara That the ideal of man is narily, a life of the impulses or the senses.

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[ Vol. I. the culture of the spirit and not of the body, that it is the spirit that abides, and it is the body that at some time or other has to be given up. That such a faith appealed to ancient South Indian peoples, thus wise, is clear from the following extracts from the Inscriptions of Sravana Belgola, the greatest and most ancient centre of Jainism in South India : 6 JAINA ANTIQUARY. *6 (a) The dense smoke of inequity spreading wide and filling space like the huge mountain of ignorance, the fool who is entangled in the great and delusive troubles of family falling under the power of kings, goes to ruin " ". (b) "An ignorant man, manifestly corrupting his mind with passion and enemity may fail in devotion to the Spirit, the form of all wisdom, the ever peaceful; but how can a wise man for a moment strive for any other end?" 3 (c) Thou having fixed thy mind unshaken on the indwelling spirit, love and all the desires of sense have fled away, the happiness of perfect spiritual knowledge increases, and by the complete destruction of sin, thou hast attained the state of final beatitude, Gommata deva, and unending happiness' 4 (d) He to whom all actions are directed, removed above all opposi-. tion, highly exalted, free from ignorance, without an equal, free from desire, of a glory beyond expression or thought, having subdued the power of the world, the highest,-may his glory dwell in my mind " ". These extracts emphasise the cardinal duty and principle of selfperfective effort through the conquest of sense desire and the selfexaltation about the distractions of samsara as the highest goal of religion. Jainism is thus not only a religion of strength, but of "knowledge" (jnana) and self-discipline (siksha). 1 A large village situated in 12deg51' north latitude and 76deg33' east longitude in the Chennarayapatna Taluuq of the Hassan District of the Mysore State. 2 Epigraphia Carnatica Vol. II Sravana Balgola Insps No. 3, (one of the earliest on the Hill.) 3 Ibid No. 54, dated 1128 A. D. 4 Ibid No. 85, dated 1180 A. D. 5 Ibid No. 108, dated 1433 A. D.

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No. I. 1 Doubts may arise as to whether such a faith were not too intellectual, too rigid, or ascetic to be practical; whether like advaita it does not tend to withdraw man from the material arts of life and civilisation; and whether after all, it were not too difficult or too esoteric for the masses to follow. It is, however, the most pitiable and even contemptible aspect of Indian life to day that we mistake the indulgence in the luxuries of life to be the raising of its standard and keep the mass mind in perpetual ignorance of the vital issues of life and its ennobling disciplines and even nourish it on the religion of formalistic ritualism on the theory of salvation by actions karma or on ecstatic emotionalism on the theory of salvation by grace or Bhakti and Prapannata. To my mind ancient South Indian Jainism in its prestive purity and essence seems to have been a living protest against these forms of religious practice, and had successfully trained even the lowest minds in the knowing, understanding and appreciating pursuit of religion as the culture of the Spirit and the conquest of the flesh as distinguished from ritualism or ecestatic sentimentalism. A practical religion and discipline for all. ANCIENT SOUTH INDIAN JAINISM. And first, that it is deliberately intended for all and sundry and that the great Jaina rishis of old acquired their great spiritual gifts to share them with their pupils, both lay and clerical, to train them to become as spiritually great as themselves, there is ample evidence in the Sravana Baegola Inscriptions on which the present paper is based A few instances will suffice : 7. (a) That learned muni of great acumen obtained many celebrated disciples whom he taught in order to purify the world and diffuse merit in all parts,who, putting faith in their quru, imbibed from him all learning as a calf sucking milk from the cow of plenty and growing strong with that nourishment became celebrated everywhere "-1 The outlook of Jaina Siddhanta Charyas. (b) "a fire to the forest of family cares.... a summit of uplifted honour, the cow of plenty in bestowing wealth, the remover, of the sorrows of those in the power of the enemies of sin and ignorance was Srutamuni, the chief Suri, pure in morals untouched by women." " (c) He to whom Shree Matisagara was guru, that creator of moonlike fame; he to whom the worshipped Vadi Raja, head of the gana, was fellow student, that Dayapala Vrati was 1 Ibid No. 108, dated A. D. 1433. 2 Ibid No. 105, dated A. D. 1398.

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8. JAINA ANTIQUARY. [ Vol. I. the only fortunate one in whose mind was the desire to impart to others a portion of his own form." (N. B. Herein is the ancient ideal of guru-sishya nyaya defined as "acharyah purva rupam-antacas-y-uttara rupam." 1 And, Secondly. in all such intellectual pursuit of spiritual culture under gurus who are themselves adepts or siddhas, two practical principles played the greatest part viz. diksha or concentration and Siksha or discipline. It will not do to take a vow or pledge; it will have to be made an operative force in the daily round of life; and the constant and unfaltering pursuit of a pledge as an active force in life is siksha or discipline. The Jain faith in ancient times invited the south Indian masses to concentrate on the culture of the spirit; to live the life of the spirit and not of the senses, so that by such culture they may not only sanctify their bodies and minds, but make of themselves centres of radiating spiritual influence. It was not mere theory, nor mere gospel-preaching, not doctrinaire hair-splitting, but downright, real, practical, demonstrable life lived from hour to hour in the eye of the masses, as a living example of a possible ideal. On this head also there is ample evidence in the Sravana-Belgolo Epigraphs. In all religious controversy a stage would arrive when the final appeal would be made from disputations and theories, from raddhantas and Siddhantas to the arbitrament of life. The life is the thing, the most appealing pratyaksha Pramana or occular authority, to catch the conscience of the devotee; to overcome the hesetancy of the novitiate. That is why one of these most ancient Jaina Acaryas and disputants said : Diksha and Siksha. 60 Why vainly strive, O." Jewelcrown of the wanton populace to prove the true Tathagata faith to be false? Escape quickly, for the proverb says-" living shall see gocd' and leave your love of dispute" 2. And here below are a few characterisations of such ancient Jaina Risis who lived their faith and promulgated it by action even more effectively than by disputation, great as they were at the latter also: (a) "Unruffled by accusers, of a form like the beautiful placid moon, and a place of fortune, having attained the path of learning and the path of victorysuch was the maha muni Hama sana 91 3 Some great Jaina Siddhanta caryas. 1 Ibid No. 54, dated A. D. 1128. 2 Ibid No. 105, dated 1398 A. D. 3 Ibid No. 54, dated 1128 A. D.

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No. I.] ANCIENT SOUTH INDIAN JAINISM. -TT (6) " He by whom the desired form of siddhi was with worthy - words ensured to friendly men, the Dayapala Muni...do ye with words revere" 1 : (c) "In whom equal patience rejoices, in whom kindness has no limit, whom impartiality loves, whom absence of desire desires, through love loving salvation, though in his own esteem low, yet the head of yogis, by his character an achari, Sri Mollishena muni-him let us revere?. ) " The ignorant and the wise, the poor and the rich, the lowly and the honourable, the evil and the good the sorrowing and the happy, the proud and the virtuous, "he caused to become samantabhadra lever fortunate)... ... may Sri Charukriti prosper in the world......" In order that his oron merit--the destroyer of the enemy of sin, the bestower of highest happiness, difficult to obtain and an object of desire-which he had acquired by the supreme path, highly prized by the worthy, of a sanyansi, might accure "to all people, he poured forth the nectar of his eloquence so that they all, forsaking their bodies and praising the feet of Jina, attained to the state of the Gods." $, . Very naturally, such great Rishis of Belgola, the great examples of the higher life, in time came to be worshipped even by kings and in time became Rajagurus, Mahamandalacharyas and Jagad-gurus. Of such Rishis, who thus worked their way to power and influence through their learning, character and other attainments there are also references in the Sravana Belgola Inscriptions. A few examples are given here under :(a) "Siddhanta yogi......whoin, though his lotus feet were ever tinted with the rays from the crowns of bending kinge, no substance and no woman, no clothing and no youthful pride, no strength and wealth could tempt," * (6) " After bim Hulla the minister of King Narasimha ; his guru was the Jagadguru Kukkutasana Muladhari Deva.". . (c) " Maghanandi Siddhanta Chakravarti, Rajaguru to the Hoysala king." 8. (d) "Mahamandalacharya Dera Kirti Pandita Deva." ?. (e) "The moons of the nails of his feet illumined as with the hues of evening from the jewels in the crown of the Ganga 1 Ibid No. 54 dated 1128 A. D 3 Ibid No. 107, dated 1398 A. D. 4 Ibid No 108, dated A. D. 1493. 5 lbid No. 137, dated A. D. 1960. 6 Ibid No. 129, dated A, D. 1253. 7 Ibid No. 89, dated A, D, 1268,

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10 [ Vol. I. King, was he whose name was first the word Sri followed by the famous vijaya, learned, of superhuman qualities, of glory dispensing ignorance." 1 JAINA ANTIQUARY. (f) "He whose pair of pure lotus feet the Poysala king Vinayaditya having served was brought into the possession of great fortune, the place of implicit commands, that Santi Deva muni's ability who is worthy to describe as this much or that much; are they not rare, the possessors of such surpassing glory." 99 2 Jaina Influence on Conquerors. even I shall close this paper by giving just one illustration of how the Vitaraga doctrine of Jaina Sampradaya and the Vitaragi Rishis that lived it and by doing so wielded such political power, had worked over persons high placed in life i.e., over conquerors of kingdoms and embattled hosts : "This auspicious great minister and dandanayaka...... Ganga Raja, when the army of the Chalukyan emperor...... was left in camp at Kannegala; saying " Let go" and springing on to his horse, caring not for its being a fight by night, went with speed and with the sword in his . arm carried terror into the panick stricken army." Thus as if it were sport, having defeated all the feudatories, he brought the whole collection of their stores and vehecles and presented them to his own lord; who saying I am delighted, delighted with the prowess of your own arm. Ask, what you will. Having gained supreme favour he asked not at all for kingdom or wealth, but his mind fixed on the worship of Arhat, he asked for Parama. And having so asked He presented it for the worship of the Jinalaya which his mother Pochala Devi had made and the Jinalaya which his wife Lakshmi Devi had made" 3. Such was the piety and contempt for mere wealth which the Jaina faith had engendered in the minds of the greatest men of action." Such was ancient South Indian Jainism; such was its yogue and such its influence. This is but the barest of a bare outline of its cultural history which deserves a volume by itself. If Jainism and Jaina Culture should again influence Indian life in our time, it should worthily concentrate, as did its ancient Rsis in South India, on the practical teaching of its spiritual discipline, its dikshas and its sikshas to one and all, men, women and children, high and low, rich and poor,-preferably even low and poor in order that whereby the mass mind may be illumined and the mass life ennobled and freed from the bondage to ignorance and the thraldom to sense desire. Will the Jainacharyas take the leadership of the coming democracy in India ? 1 Ibid No. 5, dated A. D. 1128 2 5 Epigraphica Carnatice Vol. II Sravana Belgola Insns No. 45, dated A. D. 1117.

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No. I. ) NAYAKUMARACARIU. ii NAYAKUMARACARIU. An Apabhramsa work of the 19th century. (By Prof. Hira Lal Jain, M.A., LL. B.) 1. DISCOVERY OF THE WORK. It was in the year 1924 that I first discovered the NAYAKUMARA CARIU of Puspadanta from the manuscript stores at Karanja in Berar The notes that I made on that occasion were included in the Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts in C. P. and Berar, published by the Local Government in 1926. The Apabhramsa works discovered there proved very interesting and I contributed an article on " Apabhramsa Literature" to the Allahabad University Studies Vol. I and determined the date of Puspadanta who was the chief of the authors, first in the notes contributed to the Catalogue and then in an article contributed to the Hindi Quarterly " Jain Sahitya Samsodhak" Vol. II. 2. THE AUTHOR The author of the work is Pupphayanta-SK. Puspadanta. Of this author three works have so far come to light - Mahapurana or Tisatthipurisa-gunalamkara in 102 chapters, Jasaharacariu in 4 chapters and Nayakumaraccriu in 9 chapters. From these works the following information about the poet can be gathered : 1. Puspudanta was the son of Kesava Bhatta and Mugdhadevi Brahmins of Kasyapa Gotra. 2. He travelled to Manyakheta from somewhere and was patronised by Bharata and later by his son Nanna both ministers of Kronaraja alias Vallabharja who may be identified with Krsnaraja III of the Rastrakuta dynasty of Manyakheta. 3. He began his Mahapurana in Siddhartha Samvatsara and completed it in Krodhana Samvatsara on A sadha Sukla 10 which is found to correspond with Sunday, the 11th June, 965 A.D. 4. He describes himself as tender in costitution and ugly in appearance, homeless, dressed in rags and barks, bathing in rivers and pools and sleeping on bare ground. Never-the-less, he was equanimous towards the rich and the poor and friendly to all. He had a high sense of self-respect and was excessively fond of poetry for which he earned the titles of Ahimana-meru, and Kavva-pisalla. 5. He mentions the following three historical events of his time : (i) The king of Manyakheta, here called Tudigu, killed the

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JAINA ANTIQUARY. [ Vol. I. Cauda king. The latter may be identified with Rajaditya Cola who was killed by Krona III in 949 A. D. (ii) The king of Dhara burnt Manyakhta. This king may be identified with the Parmar prince Harsadeva. (iii) A severe famine razed over Manyakheta. This may have followed the raid of the capital by Har$adeva. I shall now confine myself to what the poet says about himself in the present work and the circumstances that led him to compose it. In the colophon of each Sandhi we are told that it is the work of Mahakai Pupphayanta. At the beginning of the work the poet introduces himself as the son of Muddhai (Mugdhadevi) and Kesavab katta of Kasyapa Gotra. He was residing in the house of Nanna in the city of Manyakheta when two persons, Nailla and Silaiya, pupils of one Mahodadhi, approached him, eulogised his talents and expressed their desire to hear from him the story of Nagakumara, illustrating the fruit of observing the fast of Sri-Pancami. He was also requested to the same effect by Nanna, the minister of Vallabhar aya, and Nailla and Silaiya urged him to associate the work with the name of Nanna. The poet acceded to the request and began the story. In the prasasti that we find at the end of the work, besides the usual information about his parentage the poet records something that has not been told anywhere else. He tells us here that his parents were at first devotees of Siva, but "they had their ears filled by the ambrosia of the teacher's words and so they died by the Jaina form of renunciation." We have here, no doubt, the mention of the conversion of Puspadanta's parents from Saivism to Jainism. 3. THE POET'S PATRONS Puspadanta has, in all his works, profusely eulogised his patrons. In the Mahapurana he tells us that when he reached Manyakheta he was received with great honour by Bharata, the king's minister who kept him in his own house aud induced him to write poetry. The Mahapurana is dedicated to him as in the colophon of each Sandbi we are told that the work was Mahabhavva-Bharaha-anumannia, approved by the noble Bharata. Bharata was a Brahmin of Kaundinya Gotra His father's name was Aiyana or Annaiya, mother's Sridevi :and wife's Kundavva or Kanakadevi. He had seven sons, Devalla, Bhogalla, Nanna, Sohana, Gunavarma, Dangaiya and Santaiya. Of these Nanna succeeded his father in office either because his elder brothers died premature or because of his superior talents. Two works, Jasaharacariu and Nayakumarcariu are dedicated to him, the former being called Nanna-kannaharana, an ornament to the ears of Nanna, and the latter Nanna.

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No. I. 1 NAYAKUMARACARIU. namankita, stamped with the name of Nanna. He has been highly eulogised at the beginning of the work and in the ending prasasti. One of ois adjectives, Vicchinna-Sarasai-bandhava' seems to me to suggest that Nanna took particular interest in the revival of Prakrit poetry which was going out of use as we know that almost all of the Jaina authors who flourished immediately before Puspadanta, for example Jinasena, Gunabhadra and Somadeva, wrote in Sanskrit Of the other brothers of Nanna, Sohana and Gunavarma or Gunadharma, while yet young, had a hand in inducing the poet to compose the Nayakumaracariu, and Dangaiya is mentioned in the prasasti. The office of minister. ship was hereditory in the family but there seems to have been an interruption just before Bharata who is said to have restored the family to the position which it had lost. In the verse prefixed to the second chapter of Jasa haracariu, mention is made of Nanna's sons. Thus in Puspadanta's works we find mention of the four generations of this illustrious family associated with the ruling dynasty of Manyakheta during the tenth century. 4. THE STORY IN BRIEF The story of Nagakumara is briefly as follows : Jayandhara was the king of Kanakapura in the Magadha country, From his first wife Visalanetra he had a son named Srid hara. He later on married Prthvidevi, the princess of Girinagara, from whom he got another son. While yet a baby, he inadvertantly fell into a well where he was protected by a Naga who adopted him, gave him the name of Nagakumari and educated him. He then returned to his father and married two dancing girls, Ktnnari and Manohari. He subdued a vicious horse and a ferocious elephant which had defied the attempts of his elder brother at subjugation. His growing power made his elder brother jealous of him and he tried to remove him out of his way altogether. The attempt made by Sridhara on his life fortunately failed owing to the presence, as his body-guard, of Vyala, a prince of Mathura who had become his friend and attendant. In order to avoid a fratricidal war between his sons Jayandhara ordered Nagakumara to go out of the realm and come back only when called in. So Nayakumara quited the realm accompanied by his two wives and his friend Vyala. The period of exile was full of adventures and unfailing good luck for Nugakumara. He went to Mathura and compelled the king-regent to release the princess of Kanyakubja whom he had imprisoned. He went to Kasmira and won the hand of the princess by his skill in luteplaying. He went to the Ramyaka forest where he acquired many

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14 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I. Vidyag and a great fortune from the Asura settlements. He then went to Girisi hhara and married the daughter of the chief called Vanaraja. He restored the latter to his parental throne of Pundravardhana from where his anscestors had been ousted by the coparcenars. Proceeding to the Urjayanta mountain he contracted the friendship of the king of Antarapura with whom he then went to Girinagara to help the king against the attack of Candapradyota, king of Sindhu. He exhibited extraordinary valour in the battle that followed and the king of Girinagara, recognising in him his sister's son, married his daughter to him, He then worshipped the Jina on the Urjayanta mountain.' At this stage, his help was solicited by Abhicandra, king of Gajapura against Vidyadhara Sukantha who had killed his elder brother Subhachndra of Kausambi and captured his seven daughters. Chivalrously responding to the call, Nayakumara immediately went to Alamghanagara and rescued the princesses by slaying the Vidygdhara. He then went to Gajapura where he married the seven princesses as well as the daughter of Abhicandra. While staying here, Mahavyala, the elder brother of Vyala brought to him the news that the princess of Ujjaini did not like any man. He proceeded to Ujjaini and won the heart and the hand of the princess. He then went to Kiskhinda-Malaya and won the hand of the Meghapura princess by exhibiting his skill in the art of playing upon the Mirdanga. He then heard about some wonders in the Toyavali island where Vidyadhara Pavanavega had murdered the king of Bhumitilaka and had captured his five hundred daughters whom he was harrassing because they would not marry their father's murderer. Nagakumara went to the island along with his comrades by the help of the Vidya and slew Pavanavega, rescued the princesses and married them all. He then came to the Pandya capital, thence to Dantipura in the country where he married the daughter of king Candragupta, and then to Tribhuvanatilaka where he married Lakshmimati the daughter of the chief Vijayandhara. His latest bride won his affections 80 deeply that he inquired of sage Pihitasrava as to its cause. The latter narrated the events of his past life when he was the son of a merchant in Vitasokapura and died in the observance of the fast of Sri-Panchmi. All his personal charms and prowess in the present life were pointed out by the sage to be due to that religious fast and that his wife Lakshamimati was no other than his wife of the former birth. At this stage minister Nayandhara arrived from home and Nagakumara returned to Kanakapura where he was crowned king by his own father.

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No. I. ) NAYAKUMARACARIU. 15 Sridhara became a recluse through sheer disgust and his parents also retired for ascetic life, Nagakumara ruled the earth for a long time. He then handed down the throne to his son Devakumara and himself devoting to the religious life of a Digambara ultimately attained salvation. 5. THE POETRY OF NAYAKUMARACARIU. In the introductory part of his Mahapurana, Pusparlant says that he had seen nothing of the works of Akalanka, Kapila, Kanacara, Patanjali Vyasa, Bhaga, Kalidasa, Svayambhu, Sri-Harsa, Bana, Rudrata, Nyasa kara, Pingala and many others. But he has completely belied himself in his works. I shall here confine myself to the present work alone to show that its author was familiar not only with the Hindu, Buddhist and Jaina religion, philosophy and mythology but with also all those branches of technical literature a knowledge of which formed a necessary part of the equipment of an accomplished poet in ancient India. As might be expected, the poet shows a thorough grasp of the tenets of the Jaina faith to which he turns frequently but which he has particularly expounded twice (!V, 2.4; IX, 12-14). Once (IX, 5, 5) we find mention of the two questions, namely, wearing clothes and eating food during the stage of omniscience, round which ranges a long controversy between the Digambaras and the Svetambaras. Various doctrines and beliefs of the Hindu and Buddhist religions have been mentioned and commented upon in seven passages (5 to 11) of chapter nine. Systems of philosophy such as Samkhya, Mimasa, Kanikavada Sunyavada and Isvaravada and some of their founders such as Kapila, Aksapado Kanacara and Sugata are named. Even the materialist school of Bihaspati has not been overlooked. For poetic embellishment the author has drawn considerably upon Hindu mythology contained in the Puranas. Brahma has been called the lotus-born and Rudra or Siva figures with his consort Parvati, his three eyes, his trident, his bowl and his garland of skulls. The stories of his burning of cupid and cutting off the head Brahma also come in for review. Similarly, Visuu appears with his consort Lakshmi and the cowherd maids (Gopis), and his lifting of the Govardhana mountain and slaying of Madhu and Sisupala are familiar events to the poet. The lifting of the earth by the boar, the churning of the ocean by the gods and the earth being supported on the hood of a serpent are also within his knowledge. Other gods, such as Indra and his consort Paulomi, Yama Vaivasvata and Kubera or Dhanapala find frequent mention, while Bihaspati's learning and his defeat by his rival, Rambhas personal charms and Cupid's flower-arrows have received the poet's recognition.

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16 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [ Vol. I. For the same purpose, the Mahabharat and the Ramayana have been freely drawn upon. The five fiery Pandavas and their destruction of the Kaurava forces, Arjuna's going to Drona for instructions and his enmity with Karna, the liberality of the latter and his fight against his own brothers, the purity of the character of Bhisma and his turning away from the battlefield, the righteousness of Yudhisthira and his troubles of exile, and Vrkodara with his mace serve the poet in his similes and metaphors. He mentions Arjuna as Nara and Karna as Ravinandana which shows that he was not deriving his knowledge of the Bharata story exclusively from the Jaina books. He mentions Rama and Sita as ideal man and woman, Sugriva and Hanumat as waiting upon Ram and Hanumat's loyalty for his master though he was a monkey, and Ravana's fight with the armies of gods. His allusion to the death of Ravana at the hands of Laksamana is clearly derived from the Jaina Padma Purana, but his probable reference to Vasistha's falling in to trouble for his hospitality. to Visvamitra can be from no where else than Valmiki's Ramayana. The poet's reference to three buddhis, three saktis, pincanga mantra, arisadvarga, seven vyasanas and seven rajyangas shows his knowledge of works on state-craft such as Kamanda kiya Nitisara and Kautilya Arthasastra. Some of the poet's similes are derived from the stellar region, for example, his pun on kumbha as a water jar and the constellation aquarius or the elephant's temple and the constellation in union with Saturn, on hasta as the elephant's trunk and the constellation carvus in union with the moon. He also speaks of the sun being eclipsed by Rahu and of yuti, that is, confluence of planets, as auspicious. The description of the limbs of Nagakumara's body is in accordance with arahamihira's description of Mahapurusalaksana, and the mention of the various fine and useful arts and the handling of amorous situations in various parts of the book presuppose a knowledge of works on erotics such as Va'sayana's Kamasutra. Turning now to the poetic qualities of the work, we find that it is full of beautiful similes and metaphors drawn from the whole range of Aryan mythology and history, and frequently and more effectively from the poet's own observation of nature and human experience. The descriprion of the Magadha country and the town of Rajagrha, of Prthvidevi as a bride, of the march of armies, their encampment and battle scenes, is atonce beautiful and fascinating. The poet is particularly fond of yamaka and slesa some striking examples of which are found in the description of the women of Rajagrha going to worship the Jina, of the

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No. I. ] NAYAKUMARACARIU, 17 vicious horse, of the feast given by Vanaraja, of the resolve of Arivarma's warriors, of the arrows of Sukantha and those of Nagakumara, of the bunyan tree and of the water jars used for the coronation. These and many other passages exercise the mind as well as entertain it by exhibiting all the elegance and ornamentation of artificial poetry. In fact the work, as a whole, is teeming with sweet alliterations, appropriate and striking paronomasia and delightful fancies. These the poet has well succeeded in combining with swift and easy narrative. The story is meant to illustrate the fruit of a religious fast but it has been told in the grand manner of a kavya. The poet has rightly invoked the goddess Speech" Moving in the mention of a mahakavya, resplendent with her double ornaments, taking soft, sportive padas with multifold blandishments and feelings, giving delight by commendable sense, combining all arts and sciences and exalted characterstics, moving by the broad metreroad, bearing the ten qualities, sprinkled over with the nine sentiments and beautified by the three vigrahas." By mentioning the ten pranas the 'poet has revealed his acquaintence with the works of Bhamaha and Daodi in the body of the work the poet, by means of some stray similes, has told us what he considered to be the essentials of good poetry. A great poet would compose a sentimental kavya in matra metre, a good kavya requires a choice of brilliant forms and phrases, a good poet pays attention to the style of language, a poet graces himself by means of a story well told and shorn of ornamentation is the story of * a quack poet.' The conclusion to which we are led by these references is that the poet's statement that he knew nothing of the works of the prominent writers of yore is a mere modesty as also his statement in the present work that he was unable to describe things being a dull poet, and that his titles of inahakavi, vagesvari.devi-niketa and kavya-pisaca stand amply justified. * * This work has been published with an exhausti ve introduction, glossary, indices and notes as the first volume of the Devendrakirti Jaina Series, Karanja.

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zrIjainasiddhAnta-bhAskara ke niym| 1 yaha patra tIna tIna mahIne para prakAzita huA kregaa| 2 sarvasAdhAraNa ke liye DAka vyaya-sahita isakA bhArata meM vArSika mUlya 4) rupayA aura videza ke liye 6 // ) rupayA hai, kintu rAjA mahArAjAoM ke sammAnArtha 100) rupayA rhegaa| pratikiraNa kA mUlya 1) rupayA hai| binA agrima mUlya ke prAyaH yaha patra nahIM bhejA jA sktaa| isakI purAnI pratiyA~ dene ke liye "bhavana' bAdhya nahIM hogaa| yadi purAnI prati milego bhI to usakA mUlya kucha adhika liyA jaaygaa| 3 yadi kisI ko patA badalavAnA ho to ve sampAdaka jainasiddhAnta bhavana ArA se patra vyavahAra kara ThIka kara leveN| 4 yadi niyamita tithi para pAThakoM ke yahAM "bhAskara" nahIM pahuMce to ve apane yahAM ke DAkakhAne meM talAza kara hameM sUcanA deN| bAda hama DAkakhAne meM isakI pUrI khoja kara ke ThIka kara deNge| 5 lekha, samAlocanA ke liye pustaka, badale ke patra, mUlya aura prabandha sambandhI patra sampAdaka "zrIjaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara" ArA ke pate se AnA caahiye| 6 kisI lekha ke prakAzita karane vA na karane tathA lauTAne vA nahIM lauTAne kA pUrNa adhikAra sampAdaka ko hai| yadi koI lekha sampAdaka lauTAnA cAheM to unakA DAka vyaya aura rajiSTarI kA kharca lekhaka ko denA pdd'egaa| anyathA lauTAne ke liye sampAdaka vAdhya nahIM hogaa| 7 adhUre lekha nahIM liye jaayNge| sthAna ke anusAra lekha eka vA adhika kiraNoM meM bhI prakAzita hote rheNge| 8 isa patra meM aitihAsika, sAhityika evaM purAtatva-sambandhI lekhoM ke sivA rAjatika Adi viSayoM ko carcA taka bhI nahIM rhegii| , patra-vyavahAra "jaina-siddhAnta bhavana ArA" ke pate se karanA cAhiye /

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ArA jaina-siddhAnta-bhavA kI prakAzita pustakeM (2) munisuvratacaritra, saMskRta bhASA-TIkA sahita .... (2) zAnapradIpikA tathA sAmudrika zAstra 0 sa0 .... (3) jaina-siddhAntabhAskara hama bhAga kI ma kiraNa... ... , 2ya tathA 3ya sammilita kiraNeM ... .. 1) (4) bhavana ke saMgRhIta saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI zAstroM kI purAnI sUcI . // ) (5) bhavana kI saMgRhIta aMgrejI pustakoM kI nayI sUcI .... . prApti-sthAna - jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana, ArA ( bihAra ) / prakAzaka tathA mudraka-bAra devendrakizora jaina, zrIsarasvatI griNTi varkasa, ArA /

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ES AN CA F 31 Vi 25 CA RE AE KA tiniu LAM'u panan E ES SSN IRON TO U UKO04 illot J USDALO S2 Joe The Crow Jain Antiquary An Anglo-Hindi Quarterly Journal. J.N.Varms

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zrIjainasiddhAnta-bhAskara ke niym| 1 jaina siddhAnta bhAskara aGgarejo hindI mizrita traimAsika patra hai, jo varSa meM jUna, sitambara, disambara aura mArca meM cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita hotA hai| 2 isakA vArSika candA dezake liye 4) rupaye aura videza ke liye DAka vyaya lekara 4 // ) hai, jo pezagI liyA jAtA haiN| 1) pahale bheja kara hI namUne kI kApI maMgAne meM suvidhA hogii| 3 kevala sAhitya-saMbaMdhI tathA anya bhadra vijJApana hI prakAzanArtha svIkRta hoNge| mainejara, jaina siddhAnta-bhAskara, ArA ko patra bhejakara dara kA ThIka patA lagA sakate haiM; manIArDara ke rupaye bhI unhIM ke pAsa bhejane hoNge| 4 pate meM hera-phera ko sUcanA bhI turaMta unhIM ko denI caahiye| 5 prakAzita hone kI tArIkha se do saptAha ke bhItara yadi "bhAskara" nahIM prApta ho, to - isakI sUcanA jalda Aphisa ko denI caahiye| 6 isa patra meM atyanta prAcInakAla se lekara Adhunika kAla taka ke jaina itihAsa, bhUgola, _ zilpa, purA-tatva, mUrti vijJAna, zilA-lekha, mudrA-vijJAna, dharma, sAhitya, darzana, mAnava jAti-tattva, prabhRti se saMbaMdha rakhanevAle viSayoM kA hI samAveza rhegaa| 7 lekha, TippaNI, samAlocanA-yaha sabhI sundara aura spaSTa lipi meM likhakara sampAdaka, zrIjaina siddhAnta-bhAskara, ArA ke pate se Ane caahiye| parivartana ke patra bhI isI pate se Ane caahiye| 8 kisI lekha, TippaNo Adi ko pUrNataH athavA aMzataH svIkRta athavA asvIkRta karane kA adhikAra sampAdaka maNDala ko hogaa| . 6 asvIkRta lekha lekhakoM ke pAsa binA DAka-vyaya bheje hue nahIM lauTAye jaate| 10 samAlocanArtha pratyeka pustaka kI do pratiyA~ "bhAskara" Aphisa, ArA ke pate se bhejanI caahiye| 11 isa patra ke sampAdaka nimna likhita sajjana haiM jo avaitanika rUpa se kevala mAtra jaina-tattva ke unnati aura utthAna ke abhiprAya se kArya karate haiM : prophesara hIrAlAla, ema.e., ela.ela.bI. prophesara e. ena. upAdhye, ema.e. bAbU kAmatA prasAda, ema.Ara.e.esa. paNDita ke. bhujabalI zAstrI

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(zrIjaina-siddhAnta-bhavana pArA kA mukha-patra) jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara - arthAt prAcIna jaina-itihAsa, sAhitya evaM zodha-sambandhI traimAsika patra ___ bhAga 2] [kiraNa 2 . sampAdaka-maNDala prophesara hIrAlAla, ema. e., ela.ela. bI. prophesara e0 ena0 upAdhye, ema.e. bAbU kAmatA prasAda ema. zrAra. e. esa. paNDita ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI jaina siddhAnta-bhavana pArA-dvArA prakAzita bhArata meM) videza meM ) eka prati kA ) vikrama sambat 1662

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viSaya (1) candragupta - kavitA [ zrIyuta mahezacandra ema0 e0 | (2) jainapurAtattva [ zrIyuta bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina ] (3) viduSI pampA devI [zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI ] (4) bijoliyA ke zilAlekha [muni himAMzu vijaya, nyAya- kAvyatIrthaM ] ... viSaya-sUcI hindI-vibhAga- ... p (1) prazasti saMgraha [ zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstro ] (2) pratimA - lekha saMgraha [zrIyuta bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina ] (3) vaidyasAra [zrIyuta satyandhara AyurvedAcArya ] ... granthamAlA - vibhAga -- ... (5) saMskRta meM dUtakAvya - sAhitya kA nikAsa aura vikAsa [zrIyuta cintAharaNa cakravartI ema0e0 ] (6) pramANanayatattvAlA kAlaGkAra kI samIkSA [zrIyuta paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcAryaM ] (7) kavivara zrIjinasenAcArya aura pAzvabhyudaya [zrIyuta tripAThI bhairavadayAlu zAstrI, bI0e0 ] 75 : aMgrejI-vibhAga- (1) WHO WAS THE FOUNDER OE JAINISM ? [B. Kamata Prasad Jain] (2) MATHEMATICS OF NEMICHTNDRA [Bibhutibhushana Dutta] (3) OPINIONS (4) SELECT CONTRIBUTIONS TO ORIENTAL JOURNALS ... pRSTha 41 43 ka 50 58 70 19 25 45 45

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// zrIjinAya nmH|| / H IRAIL HTRUITMAITHIBALLIATRAILERALIRRIALRATHIHITHILITALIRO HALILAI HIHITHIL HITHER SINHITHHTHHTED ITTERHINILIYATRNATH ARUWAMIHIDILIATRIM HTTEEHummmmmmm EVAGO -DDA THE JAINA ANTIQUARY. jainapurAtatva aura itihAsa-viSayaka traimAsika patra bhAga 2 sitambara 1935 / bhAdrapada vIra ni0 2461 kiraNa 2 connnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns candragupta (le0-zrI maheza candra prasAda, ema.e.) pAhara meM the sUrya sama, bhItara candra samAna / gahana-jJAna-garimA rahI, tuma meM gupta sujAna ! // 1 // ghara taja dakSiNa ko gaye, SaT ripu hanane hetu / rAmacandra jI jyoM gaye, vadha-hita rAvaNa-ketu // 2 // tyAga prAjya sAmrAjya ko, anupama bhog-vilaas| parama procca prAsAda ko, parvata kiyA nivAsa // 3 // parvata jo sabake lie, kaNavat tumako tauna / dRr3hatA hai jisameM use, kaThina vastu hai kauna ? // 4 //

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 kI sevA guru-varya kI, durA su-guru aizvarya / sUrya-candra-kula-candra bhI, candra ! bharita Azcarya // 5 // girivara para yaha hai nahIM, tava padAGka RSirAja ! / yaha padAGka kalirAja kI, prabala pITha para rAja ! // 6 // yuddha-vora jaise rahe, dharma-vIra tyoM tAta / / bAhara-bhItara akhila:ari ke sara rakkhI lAta // 7 // grIka-rAja-duhitA huI, dayitA tava bala dekh| ' zraddhA-surasaritA banI, vanitA nizchala pekha // 8 // jaga ko jIta mahIpa jana, kareM svarAjya prasAra / nija ko jIta ajIta prabhu ! kiyA bodha vistAra // 6 // mahA mahI ke moha ko, mAra, TAra jaMjAla / kiyA sneha zuci zUnya se, akatha, alaukika cAla // 10 // samajhA svAmI ne sakala, zubha zarIra-vijJAna / avanI avanipa anya jo, prAyaH parama a-jAna // 11 // le mRdu jIvana ko ahaha ! kiyA sindhu ne kSAra / rakhA rasAtala meM sadA, banA use nissAra // 12 // tumane jIvana prahaNa kara, kiyA mRdulatAgAra / bacA rasAtala-gamana se, lahA janma kA saar.||13|| nayanAnanda-da canda basa, dina meM manda malIna / AtmAnanda-da canda ! tava, nitya prakAza pravINa ! // 14 // dhanya janendra ! jinendra-jana ! dhanya jJAna guNa-kendra / / tyAge asu upavAsa-vrata, sakucita kiyA surendra // 15 // maurya ! aurja o saurya tava, simaTe savAnija bIca / tudhA mAra saMsAra meM, hue amara ari-mIca ! // 16 // bAhubalI jI prama se, Azrama ko tava navya / kabase dekha rahe khar3e, gar3e bhAva meM bhavya ! // 17 // isa prapaMca ke pitta se, pIta huA yaha citta / lakha na sake tava zubhratA, vyApa viSamatA-vitta // 18 // sukha-nidhAna nita mAna hama, kareM pAna saMsAra / do su-dRSTi jisameM ise, jAneM dukha-bhaMDAra // 16 // havA lagI na, jagI nahIM, yaha mama mAnasa-dhUra / lage havA ! yaha jaga uThe ! he vaikhAnasa-sUra ! // 20 //

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jaina-purAtattva (le0-zrIyuta bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina, ema0 Ara0 e0 esa0) . parAtatva' kahate haiM prAcIna vArtA vijJAna ko| yaha vaha vijJAna hai jisameM atIta 7 kAla kA sArA jJAna garmita hai aura saca pUchiye to vahI pUrNa purAtattvajJa ho sakatA hai jo atItakAla ko pratyeka ghaTanA kA ThIka ThIka jJAna hameM karA ske| yaha sAmarthya Ajakala ke sAdhAraNa manuSyoM meM nahIM hai| eka jamAnA thA ki jaba yahAM para aise 'purAtattvajJa' maujada the jo vartamAna aura bhaviSyatvArtA ke sAtha sAtha bhUtakAla kI ghaTanAoM kA bhI pUrA jJAna eka sAtha karA sakate the| unhoMne mAnavI kamajoriyoM para vijaya prApta kara sarvotkRSTa jJAna-sarvajJatA prApta kI thI aura usI ke bala vaha atIta kA jJAna athavA yoM kahiye purAtatva kA paricaya pUrA pUrA karA sakate the| vIra-vijayI hone ke kAraNa hI vaha 'jina' kahalAte the aura saMsAra meM pUjya dRSTi se dekhe jAte the| sindhudeza ke prAcIna nivAsI unhIM 'jin' kI vinaya karate the, yaha bAta Aja vahA~ ke purAtattva se spaSTa hai / bauddha sAhitya bhI 'jin' mahAvIra ko sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI prakaTa karatA hai|| ina aitihAsika ullekhoM athavA dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to pratyakSapramANoM se Aja se lagabhaga do-dAI hajAra varSa aura usase bhI pahale eka sarvajJa 'purAtattvajJa' kA astitva yahAM pramANita hotA hai| kintu uparAnta vaha vizeSatA-sarvajJa hone kI kalA-yahAM ke ayogya manuSyoM ko nasIba na rhii| vaha unake sImita jJAna aura parimita zakti ke bAhara kI vastu ho gii| phalataH purAtattva ke vettA bhI Aja pUre kAbila nahIM milte| jo haiM vaha apanI apanI dRSTi aura apane apane jJAna ke anukUla usakI upAsanA kara rahe haiM aura apane AviSkAroM aura khojoM se duniyAM ko cakita kara rahe haiN| kintu sabase bar3e Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki jisa mata meM sabase jyAdA pUrNa-vijJa 'purAtattvajJa' huye, usI meM Aja eka bhI sAdhAraNa-sA purAtattvajJa dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| merA matalaba jainamata se hai| 'jina' bhagavAna kA batAyA huA mata jinamata yA jaina mata hai| aura usa mata-sambandhI prAcIna vArtA ko prakaTa karanevAle jo bhI sAdhana aura sAmagrI ho, vaha saba "jaina-purAtattva" hai| usameM jaina OM inDiyana hisTaoNrIkala kvArTI bhA0 8 aMka 2 aura mADarnarinyU, agasta 1932 dekho| + majjhimanikAya 11238 va 12-63; aMguttaranikAya 3|74/ityaadi /

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 sAhitya, jainakalA, jainadhvaMsAvazeSa, jaina-zilAlekha, jainamudrA, jaina-tIrtha ityAdi saba hI kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| kintu isa "jainapurAtattva" ke vAstavika jJAnI naz2ara nahIM aate| jainasAhitya ke marmI sarvAGga vidvAn aisA koI nahIM jisane sAre upalabdha sAhitya kA mathana kiyA ho aura 'dUdha kA dUdha aura pAnI kA pAnI' karake usakA saccA nikharA huA rUpa jagata ke sAmane rakkhA ho| Aja eka nahIM aneka sarasvatI-bhANDAra achUte par3e haiM--- unameM na jAne kitane amUlya grantha-ratna chupe huye haiN| unako prakAza meM lAnevAle jitane cAhiye utane nahIM haiN| dhanyavAda hai zrIjaikobI-sadRza pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ko jinhoMne duniyAM meM jainasAhitya kA prakAza phailAyA hai| kintu sociye to eka ajaina aura vaha bhI videzI Apake dhArmika sAhitya kA mUlya kyA A~ka sakegA ? kaise vaha jaina aura ajaina prAcIna kIrtiyoM kI ThIka-ThIka bhedavivakSA kara sakegA ? kaise vaha mAnegA ki bhArata ke bAhara bhI jainapurAtattva ke cihna mila sakate haiM ? vaha to jAnatA aura mAnatA hai ki jainadharma kA pracAra bha0 pArzvanAtha ke samaya se huA hai aura vaha bhArata ke bAhara nahIM pahuMcA hai| use eka Astika jainI kI bhAMti yaha kaise vizvAsa ho ki eka samaya sAre bhUmaMDala para jaina-dharma vyApta thaa| dharmavijJAna ke prathama pracAraka tIrthakara bhagavAna hI the| jaina cihnoM kA, vartamAna kI jJAta aura Age jJAta honevAlI sArI duniyAM meM, milanA asaMbhava nahIM hai| jambUdvIpa meM aneka kRtrima aura akRtrima jaina kIrtiyoM kA astitva jainazAstra batalAte haiN| saMsAra meM upalabdha purAtattva kA jainadRSTi se yadi avalokana kiyA jAya to uparyukta vyAkhyA satya pramANita ho sakatI hai| jarA sociye, kyA bhArata meM aisI galatiyAM nahIM huI ki jinameM jaina-kIrtiyAM bauddhAdi kI batA dI gaI? jainasamrAT khAravela aura unakA prasiddha zilAlekha eka samaya bauddhAmnAya ke mAne jAte the| vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI khayAla thA ki jainastUpa hote hI nahIM; parantu mathurA ke purAtatva ne isa dhAraNA ko galata sAbita kara diyaa| aba bhI vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki jainoM meM mUrti banAne kA rivAja bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai| unakI isa mAnyatA meM kAraNa yaha hai ki jainasAdhu ke liye mUrti kA Azraya lenA-usake darzana karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai ! kintu kisaliye Avazyaka nahIM hai ? isakA ThIka-sA uttara unake pAsa nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha jainoM kI mUrti-pUjA ke uddezya se hI anabhijJa haiN| jainoM kI mUrtipUjA AdarzapUjA hai-vaha patthara kI pUjA nahIM hai| vItarAgavijJAnatA ko prApta karane ke liye eka gRhastha mumukSu vaisI hI mUrtiyoM se usakI zikSA prahaNa karatA hai| sAdhu isa zikSA ko pAra kara jAtA hai isaliye usake liye mUrti kA darzana karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai parantu usake liye usakA niSedha bhI nahIM hai| aba bhalA kahiye, yaha kaise mAnA jAya ki eka atyanta prAcInakAla meM jainamUrtiyAM nahIM thIM). yaha

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kiraNa 2 ] jaina - purAtattva 45 saca hai ki jainetara purAtattvajJoM ne bharasaka koziza jenakIrtiyoM ko prakAza meM lAne kI kI hai aura unhIM ke adhyavasAya kA yaha phala hai ki jainapurAtattva kiJcit prakAza meM AyA hai aura isake liye jainI unake ciraRNI raheMge ! parantu jainadRSTi se jaina purAtattva kA ThIka vizleSaNa karanA aura usako pahacAnanA eka jaina vidvAn kA hI kAma hai| jahA~ jaina vidvAn nahIM pahu~ca sakate aura jisa bAta ko vaha nahIM samajha sakate usako eka jaina purAtattvajJa sahaja meM samajha sakatA hai aura usakI gamya bhI vizeSa hai| kauzAmbI jaise sthAna kA koI bhI ThIka ThIka patA ke samako khudAI huye binA nahIM cala sakatA / phira bhI yadi vahAM se AI huI aura ilAhAbAda ke jainamaMdiroM meM virAjamAna mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to isa viSaya meM bahuta kucha jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI jainamUrtiyoM kI AkRti para bhI nayA prakAza par3a sakatA hai| jaina purAtattva kA adhyayana karake eka jaina bahuta-sI naI aura bar3e mUlya kI bAteM jagata ko bheMTa kara sakatA hai / kintu jainoM meM isa viSaya kI ora ruci hI nahIM hai / Ajase lagabhaga solaha varSa pahale svargIya sara vinsenTa smitha ne jainoM kA dhyAna isa ora AkarSita kiyA thA aura eka bar3A phaNDa ekatra karake eka " jaina - purAtattva samiti" sthApita karane kA prastAva jaina samAja ke sAmane rakkhA thA ! kintu jainoM para usakA kucha bhI asara na pdd'aa| isa avasthA meM sabase pahalI AvazyakatA jainapurAtattva ke uddhAra ke liye yaha hai ki jainoM meM purAtattva ke prati ruci paidA kI jAya aura unheM usakA mahattva darasAyA jaay| sAtha hI jagata ke vidvAnoM ke samakSa jainadRSTi se purAtattva ko darasAne kI bhI AvazyakatA hai / inake dvArA jo bhI jaina purAtattvaviSayaka zreSTha kArya hote haiM unakA paricaya jainoM ko karAyA jAya / yaha saba kArya binA ekasaMgaThita zakti ke nahIM ho sktaa| isI AvazyakatA ko mahasUsa karake 'zrIjaina siddhAntabhavana' ArA ke suyogya saMvAlakoM ne prastuta traimAsika patra kA prakAzita kiyA hai / isakA udda eza uparyukta kArya kI siddhi karanA hai aura apane pRSThoM dvArA prAcIna jaina-vArtAvijJAna athavA purAtattva kA yathAsaMbhava prakAza karanA hai| usakA pratyeka zabda jJAna ratna kI tulanA kare aura sacce purAtatvajJa 'jina' ke 'vijJAna' kA prabhAva duniyAM meM phailAveM, yahI hamArI hArdika bhAvanA hai / vaha yathAnAma Thoka "jaina siddhAnta- bhAskara" siddha ho, yahI kAmanA hai| sAtha hI yaha vAJchA hai ki jainI zIghra hI jaina - purAtattva ke uddhAra karane ke mahattva ko hRdayaGgama karaleM aura eka bar3A-sA phaNDa sthApita karake jaina- purAtattvajJa eka nahIM aneka isa bhUtala para ghUmate hue jainakIrtiyoM kA uddhAra karanevAle paidA kara deM / "jainabhAskara" ke aruNodaya meM ina bhAvanAoM kI saphalatA ke liye hama sacce purAtattvajJa zrI jinendra kA pavitra hRdaya se smaraNa karate haiM aura hamArI vinaya hai ki pratyeka jaina aura

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 ajaina vidvAn apanI bisAta isa puNya-yajJa meM hamArA sAthI bane / pratyeka jinendrabhakta kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha isa 'bhAskara' kA svayaM grAhaka bane aura apane sthAna ke maMdira, siddhAnta-bhavana aura vAcanAlaya meM isake pahuMcAne kA prabandha kreN| 'bhAskara' kA udaya calatU sAhitya ko siraja kara thor3I dera kA manoraMjana karane ke liye nahIM huA hai - isakA udaya sthAyI aura amUlya sAhitya-Thosa jJAna ko sirajane ke liye huA hai| kyA Apa isa 'zAna-bhAskara' se apanA gRha prakAzita nahIM kareMge? yadi Apa zAna ke upAsaka haiM to ise avazya apnaaiye| viduSI pampA devI ___ (le-zrIyuta paM0 ke. bhujabalI zAstrI) prAcIna karnATaka jaina viduSiyoM meM kanti ko chor3a kara ullekhAI anya kisI prAcIna jaina mahilA kA nAma upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, yaha sacamuca kheda kI bAta hai| prAcIna sAhityAnveSaNa se yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki prAktana jaina vidvAn bhArata kI prAyaH sabhI bhASAoM ke sAhitya ke stambha svarUpa the| niSpakSapAtI sabhI vidvAn una prAcIna jaina vidvAnoM kI kIrti-gAthA ko Aja bhI saharSa gAte haiN| aisI paristhiti meM prAcIna jaina viduSiyoM kI saMkhyA kI kamI vastutaH adhika khaTakatI hai| yaha jaina strIsamAja kA durbhAgya hai| astu, Aja maiM eka karnATaka jaina viduSI mahilA kA saMkSipta paricaya 'bhAskara' ke sujJa pAThakoM ke sAmane upasthita kruuNgaa| . isa viduSI mahilA kA nAma pampA devI hai| inake pUjya pitA kA nAma tela sAntAra aura mAtA kA nAma cattala devI thaa| sAntAra vaMza kA yaha tailasAntAra pombucca meM rAjyazAsana karatA rhaa| yaha sarva vidita hai ki prAcIna kAla meM pombuzca eka samRddhazAlI jaina rAjadhAnI thii| vahAM para pUrvokta sAntAra vaMza ke anyAnya zAsakoM ke dvArA nirmApita kaI jainasmAraka Aja bhI jIrNAvasthA meM dRSTigocara hote haiN| ullikhita taila sAntAra mahAdAnI rhaa| isIliye yaha jagadeka-dAnI bhI kahalAtA thaa| inakI dharma-patnI pUrvokta cattala devI bhI viziSTa jina-bhaktA thii| ina Adarza dampatiyoM ko zrIvallabha athavA vikrama sAntAra nAmaka putra tathA pampA devI nAmakI putrI thii| pampA devI mahApurANa kI vizeSa marmajJA rhii| yaha ananya paNDitA thI isIliye zAsanadevI kahI jAtI thiiN| inheM vAJcala devI nAma kI kevala eka putrI thii| yaha vAJcala cAlukya rAjA taila ke senApati mallappa kI putrI evaM nAgadeva kI strI

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kiraNa 2 ] viduSI pampA devI antimabe ke samAna vizeSa pravINa thii| pratimabe bhI parama jinabhaktA thiiN| inhoMne kannaDa kavi zreSTha rAjamAnya mahAkavi ponna ke zAnti purANa kI eka hajAra prati likhavA kara dharmmArtha vitaraNa kiyA thA tathA Der3ha hajAra suvarNa aura ratnamayI jina-mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA | karnATaka prAnta ke prAktana dAnavIroM kI zreNI meM isa dAna- cintA- maNi ti kA nAma avazya ullekha yogyaM hai / eka dina grISmakAla meM yaha zravaNabelagola sthita bAhubalI svAmI kI sarvAGgasundara, loka vikhyAta mUrti ke darzanArtha vahAM para gayI thI / parvata para car3hatI huI pratimajbe tIkhI dhUpa se santapta ho mana meM socane lagI ki agara isa samaya kucha varSA hotI to bar3A acchA hotA / phalataH tatkSaNa akasmAt megha ekatrita hokara joroM se pAnI barasAne lagA / isa acintita AzcaryyakArI ghaTanA se attimanbe kI bhaktidviguNita huii| yaha nirAyAsa parvata para car3ha kara asIma bhakti se bAhubalI svAmI kI pUjA kara santuSTa huI / kannaDa-kavi rattattrayoM meM anyatama sarvamAnya mahAkavi ranna ne apane ajita -purANa meM isa zubha ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai / ullikhita hamArI pampA devI ne 'aSTa - vidhArcanA - mahAbhiSeka' tathA 'caturbhakti' kI racanA kI hai| yaha bAta pUrvokta pombucca ke toraNa bAgilu ke uttara stambha para sthita san 1948 ke zilAlekha se vidita hotI hai yaha drAvir3a - saMgha, nandigaNa, aruGgalAnvaya ke ajita-sena athavA vAdIbhasiMha kI ziSyA thiiN| zrIvAdIbhasiMha prAcIna Adarza jaina saMskRta mahAkaviyoM meM anyatama haiM / / inake 'gadyacintAmaNi' 'kSatracUDAmaNi' kAvya suprasiddha haiM / pUrvokta inakI ye kRtiyAM kAvyocita mAdhuryyAdi guNoM setaprota haiM / 'padalAlitya, manohara zabdasanniveza, sarala pratipAdanazailI, AzcaryyakArI kalpanAcAturyya, cittAkarSaka dharmopadeza, dharmAnukUla nIti, puNyapApa-saMbandhI svAbhAvika zubhAzubha phaloM kA varNana' prAdi aneka prAJjala viziSTa guNoM se vAdI siMha ke grantha ullekhanIya haiN| inake ajitasena, vAdIbhasiMha, oDeyaradeva ye tIna nAma upalabdha hote haiN| merA khayAla hai ki inameM se oDeyaradeva janmanAma, ajitasena dIkSAnAma aura vAdIbhasiMha pANDityopArjita, upAdhi hai / vAdIbhasiMha kA janmasthAna ajJAta hai / parantu inakA proDeyaradeva nAma, madrAsa prAnta ke polUru tAlluka meM sthita samAdhisthAna, drAvir3a saMgha ye tInoM inako tAmila prAntIya pramANita karane kI ceSTA karate haiN| inakI prAJjalakRtiyoM kA Azraya lekara hI tAmila meM 'jIvaka - cintAmaNi' aura kannaDa meM 'jIvandhara carite' race gaye haiN| poca ke zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ve vahAM bhI kucha samaya rahe / ataH vAdIbhasiMha zAyada kannar3a bhI jAnate the / *vizeSa paricaya ke liye "digambara jaina" varSa 23 aMka 1-2 dekheM / + zravaNabelagola kA zilAlekha naM0 54 (67) dekheM / 47

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bhAskara bhAga 2 vidita hotA hai ki vAdIbhasiMha ko Adarza mahApuruSa mahArAja jIvandhara kI jIvanI adhika priya thii| phalataH inakI donoM kRtiyAM tadbhava mokSagAmI, AcAra-ziromaNi, mahApratApI jIvandhara kI jIvanI ko citrita karatI haiN| mahArAja jIvandhara kA hemAMgada* deza vartamAna maisUra rAjya ke antargata thA aisA kucha aitihAsika vidvAnoM kA mata hai| jIvandhara zrImahAvIra svAmI ke samakAlIna the| zivamogga jilAntargata pombucca grAma meM sthita naM040 ke san 1077 ke mAnastambhagata zilAlekha se vidita hotA hai ki vikrama sAntAra ne ajitasena paNDitadeva kA caraNa dhokara bhUmi dAna kiyA / kaDUru jilAntargata koppa tAlUka koppa grAma meM vartamAna naM03 san (lagabhaga) 1060 ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mahArAja mArasAntAra ke vaMzaja.ne apane guru muni vAdIbhasiMha ajitasena kI smRti meM vahAM ke smAraka ko sthApita kiyaa| isI prakAra zivamogga jilA ke tIrthahalli tAlluka ke naM0 192 ke san 1903 ke zilAlekhA se avagata hotA hai ki paMcabasti ke sAmane anandUra meM cattala devI aura tribhuvanamalla sAntAradeva ne drAvir3asaMgha aruGgalAnvaya ke ajitasena paNDitadeva ke nAma se eka pASANa-vaityAlaya bnvaayaa| ina ullikhita lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vAdIbhasiMha kA samaya gyArahavIM zatAbdI hai| somadeva sUrikRta 'yazastilaka-campU' ke dvitIya AzvAsagata 126 padya kI vyAkhyA meM zrIzrutasAgara sUri ne 'vAdIbhasiMho'pi madIyaziSyaH zrIvAdirAjo'pi madIyaziSyaH' somadeva sUri ke isa padya ko uddhRta kara vAdIbhasiMha aura vAdirAja ko satIrtha batalAyA hai| vAdirAja ne san 1025 meM apane pArzvanAtha-kAvya ko pUrNa kiyA thaa| ataH isase bhI vAdIbhasiMha kA kAla nirvivAda rUpa meM gnArahavIM zatAbdI hI siddha hotI hai| aura eka bAta hai, vAdIbhasiMha ke granthoM meM se anyatama "kSatracUDAmaNi" ke anta meM 'rAjatAM rAjarAjo'yaM rAjarAjo mhodyaiH| tejasA vayasA zuraH kSatracUDAmaNirguNaiH // yaha padya hai| isa padyagata 'rAjarAja' zabda avazya vicAraNIya hai| merA khayAla hai ki yaha zleSAtmaka zabda hai| isameM granthakartA ne jIvandhara ke atirikta tatkAlIna anya kisI rAjA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| vaha rAjA colavaMza kA rAjarAja honA caahiye| rAjarAja cola kA samaya bhI yahI gyAharavIM zatAbdI hai| isI avasara para mujhe sarasvatI bhAga 26, khaNDa 2 meM prakAzita zrIyuta zambhunAtha tripAThI, vyAkaraNAcArya ke dvArA likhita "mahAkavi haricandra" zIrSaka lekha ko dekhane kA OM isa viSaya para eka svatantra lekha likhA jaaygaa| (lekhaka) + ina zilAlekhoM ke liye "madrAsa va maisUra prAnta ke jainasmAraka" dekheN|

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kiraNa 2] viduSI pampA devI saubhAgya prApta hubhaa| usameM eka sthAna para vyAkaraNAcArya jI ne haricandra ne vAdIsiMha se kathA nahIM lI isa bAta ko khulAsA karate hue yoM likhA hai-"rAjakezarI dharmA-upAdhidhArI rAjakulottaMga ke rAjyakAla meM sekilara (tAmila kavi) ne "piriyapurANam" prantha banAyA hai| usameM "tiruttakadevara" kavikRta "jIvakacintAmaNi" kA kucha jikra huA hai| tiruttakadevara ne apane "jIvaka-cintAmaNi" meM likhA hai ki "vAdIma" ke dvArA prAraMbha kiye hue isa grantha ke zeSa bhAga ko hamane pUrA kiyaa| isa nareza kA samaya gyArahavIM IsavI zatAbdI kA uttarArddha nizcita hai| ataH vAdIbha kA yahI samaya hai|" vyAkaraNAcArya ke isa samuddhRta pramANa se bhI merA ullikhita vAdIbhasiMha ke samaya-saMbandhI kathana aura puSTa par3a jAtA hai| parantu eka bAta yahAM para vicAraNIya hai| vaha yaha hai ki vAdIbhasiMha ke jIvandhara-jIvanI-viSayaka donoM prantha saMskRta meM haiM aura pUrNa haiN| tiruttakadevara kA "jIvaka-cintAmaNi" tAmila meM hai| aisI dazA meM tiruttaka devara kaise likha sakate haiM kiM vAdIma ke dvArA prAraMbha kiye hue isa grantha ke zeSa bhAga ko hamane pUrA kiyA' / agara tiruttakadevara kA yaha kathana satya hai to mAnanA par3egA ki "jIvakacintAmaNi" ko vAdIbha siMha ne hI prAraMbha kiyA thA; pIche isI ke zeSa bhAga ko tiruttakadevara ne pUrA kiyaa| isase vAdIbhasiMha kA janma sthAna bhI eka prakAra se nizcita ho jAtA hai jo ki Upara anumAna se siddha kiyA gayA thaa| - aba pAThakoM ko bhalIbhAMti vidita ho gayA hogA ki zrIvAdIbhasiMha kA samaya gyArahavIM zatAbdI hai| isI bAta ko spaSTa karane ke liye ullikhita pramANoM kA ullekha kara isa lekha ke kalevara ko bar3hAnA pdd'aa| kyoMki vAdIbhasiMha ke kAlanirNaya ke vinA pampAdeko ke kAlanirNaya kA koI anya sAdhana nahIM diikhtaa| jaba vAdIbhasiMha kA samaya gyArahavIM zatAbdI siddha hotA hai taba inakI ziSyA pampAdevI kA samaya bhI lagabhaga yahI hai aisA mAnanA hI pdd'egaa|

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bijoliyA ke zilAlekha (le0-zrIyuta muni himAMzuvijaya, nyAyakAvyatIrtha) prAkathana . mAravAr3a meM bijoliyA' gA~va se prAdha mIla dUra pUrvAgneya koNa meM 'pArzvanAtha' nAma kA eka sthAna hai| vahA~ para patthara meM aneka lekha khude hue haiN| unakI kisI mahAzaya ne kaoNpI kI thii| usa kApI para se zrIyuta paM0 bhramara zarmA jI ne usakI nakala kii| aura use zrIyuta satyanArAyaNajI paMDyA zivapurI lAe the| upayukta samajha kara maiMne zarmA jI kI likhita kaoNpI se prastuta kaoNpI likhI hai| ataH maiM donoM ko sAdhuvAda detA huuN| . dUsarI kaoNpIkAra ne likhA hai:-isa samaya 'pArzvanAtha' nAmaka jainamaMdira meM hanumAna, zivajI aura gaNapati kI mUrti sthApita kara vaidikoM ne usapara Adhipatya jamAyAM hai| mukadamA cala rahA hai| pahale yahA~ para 'mahAzAza' nAmaka maMtrI jainadharmAnuyAyI the| ukta pradeza meM jainiyoM kA pracAra aura udaya bahuta bar3A thaa| itihAsajJoM ke lie bhI yaha eka kAma kI cIja hai| ukta zilAlekha kA bahuta kucha bhAga mUla kaoNpIkAra ke par3hane meM sApha nahIM AyA hogA isalie unhoMne chor3a diyaa| dUsarI nakala karanevAle zarmA jI ko prathama kaoNpIkAra ke jitane akSara sApha samajha meM nahIM Ae utane unhoMne bhI chor3a diye| aura zarmAjI kI kaoNpI se maiMne yaha kaoNpI kI hai| mujhe jo pATha saMdigdha lagA vahA~ maine (?) aisA cihna kiyA hai| jo pATha par3hane meM sApha nahIM AyA usako maiMne bhI ......cihna kara chor3a diyA hai| aura bAkI zuddha yA azuddha jaisA pATha ukta dUsarI kaoNpI meM thA vaha maiMne yahA~ utArA hai| lekha kA sambandha itihAsa ke sAtha hone se mUlasthAna meM khude hue zilAlekha se prastuta lekha zuddha kiyA jAya to bahuta lAbha ho sakatA hai| yahA~ do zilAlekhoM kI kaoNpI hai| dUsarA pramANa meM bar3A hai aura purAtattvajJoM ke lie bhI kAma kA hai| usameM kaI bhAratIya rAjA, maMtrI, zreSThI aura unake kuloM kA varNana hai| aneka jainamuni aura unake saMpradAyoM kA ullekha hai| jainoM ke liye-digambaroM ke liye yaha vizeSa upayukta hai|

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bhAskara zrIcandraprabha ( jayapurIya kalA ) yaha citra 1 kiraNa meM prakAzita "jaina-mUrttiyA~" lekha se sambaddha hai THE S. P. W., ARRAH. A -

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kiraNa 2 ] bijoliyA ke zilA-lekha ina do ke atirikta aura bhI lekha zarmA jI kI kaoNpI meM the| 'revatI nahI kA zilAlekha' ina do se bhI bar3A thaa| usameM 'uttamagiri' kA varNana hai jo ki uttama kAvyabaddha hai| ukta kAvya kA nAma 'uttarapurANa' likhA hai| usake pA~co sarga usa zilAlekha (revatI nadI ke zilAlekha) meM khude hue haiN| usameM "dattvA kaNaM sureze sthitavati bhavati smeravaktvAravinde......" (uttarapurANa sarga 1-5) padya hai| yaha padya vAdidevasUri ke syAdvAdaratnAkara kA hai| ArhatamataprabhAkara pUnA se prakAzita syA0 ratnAkara ke prathama bhAga ke pRSTha 2 meM yaha caturtha padya hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ukta kAvya kI racanA vAdideva sUri ke kAla meM yA usake pazcAt huI hai| vAdideva sUri kA sattAkAla vikrama saM0 1143 se 1225 taka hai| ukta tIsare zilAlekha ke anta meM vi0 saM0 1236 phAlguna badi 10 likhA hai| isake prArambha kA bhAga isa prakAra hai :. "om namaH sarvajJAya-ajJAnatimirAndhAnAM trailokasarvajantUnAm / netramunmIlitaM yena taM vande RSabhaM prabhum // ". . ... isake pratyeka sarga ke anta meM "zrIsiddhisUriviracite uttamazikharapurANe (prathamaH sargaH dvitIyaH sargaH ityAdi )... isa paMcasargAtmaka khude hue kAvya ke kula 264 padya haiN| isameM pArzvanAtha-kamaTha kA prasaMga aura bha0 mahAvIra-gautama kA manojJa varNana hai| itihAsakoM ke liye vizeSa mahattva kA nahIM hone se hamane isakI nakala nahIM kI hai| maiM AzA karatA hU~ ki 'bijoliyA' ke sabhI zilAlekhoM ke viSaya meM purAtattvajJa vizeSa zodha kreNge| . zilAlekha stambha naM. 2 ___OM arhadbhayo namaH / svAyaMbhuvaM cidAnandaM svabhAve zAsvatodayam / dhAmadhvastatamastomamameyaM mahima stumaH // // dhravyopetamapi vyayodayayutaM svAtmakrama........., lokavyApi paraM yadekamapi cAnekaM ca sUkSmaM mht| zrIcandrAmRtapUrapUrNamapi yacchUnyaM svasaMvedanam / zAnAd g2amyamagamyamapyabhimataprAptyai stuve brahmatAt // 2 // tvamarkasomovRta.........tale'smin ghanAnamUrtiH kimu vishvruupH| sraSTA viziSTArthavibhedadakSaH sa pArzvanAthastanutAM zriyaM vaH // 3 // zrIpArzvanAtha kriyatAM zriyaM vo jgtryiinnditpaadpdmH|| vilokitA yena padArthasArthaH nijena sajJAnavilocanena // 4 // sadvRttAH khalu yatra lokamahitA muktA bhavanti zriyo; ratnAnAmapi bhadraye sukRtino yaM srvdopaaste| saddharmAmRtapUrapuSTasumanassyAdvAdacandrodayAH kA~kSI sonasanAtano vijayate zrImUlasaMghodadhiH // 5 // zrIgautamasyAdigaNIzavaMze

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 zrIkundakundo hi munirbabhUva / paTTavanekezu (pu) gateSu tasmAcchrIdharmacandro gaNiSu prasiddhaH // 6 // bhvodbhvprishrmprshmkelikautuuhlii| sudhArasasamaH sadA japati yadvacaH prakramaH sa me munimatalikA x x x x x x vikacamallikAjitvara, prasRttvarayazobharo bhavatu ratnakotirmude // // prasayedva canti prazamanapaTuH saugtshirskrottiikuttttaakkssitkhrcaavkinikrH| ahaMkArasmeraH smrdmndiikssaaprikrH| prabhAcandro jiyaajinptimtaaNbhonidhividhuH||8|| zrIpadmanandividvanvikhyAtA tribhuvane'pi kiirtiste| hArati hIrati hasati harottaMsamanuharati // 6 // ye ke (eke tarkavitarkakarkazadhiyaH kecitprN| sAdasA anye lakSaNalakSaNA parama............dhorekasArAH pre| sarvagrantharahasyadhautadhiSaNo (vi)jJAnavAcaspatiH, kSoNImaNDalamaNDanaM bhavati hi zrIpamanandirguruH // 10 // shriimtprbhendrptttte'sminpdmnndiiytiishvrH| tatpaTTAmbudhi* sevIva zubhacandro virAjate // 11 // gaMbhIradhvanisundare samakare cAritryalakSmyAkare kAruNyA mRtadevatai guNagaNazreNImaNidustare! sa........."samullasat ....... mAvelA kule sAgare; paTTe zrImunipadmanaMdi........... bhendurgaNI // 12 // mahAvRttaiH yo'tra vibhUSito'pi saMsaktacetAH samitau gariSThaH / tathA hi kI, samaliMgakazca zrIhemakIrtirabhavadyatIndraH // 13 // ziSyAyaM zubhacandrasya hemakIrtirmahAnsudhIH yena vAkyAmRtenApi poSitA bhavyapAdapAH // 14 // ni".""dhikeyaM sakalA x x x x x x vizuddhA zrIhemakItaryatinaH susiddha // AstAM ca tAvajagatItale'smin yAvat syavo(?) candradivAkarau ca // 15 // saM04180 varSe pholguna zud 8 cndr| . zilA lekha naM0 1 bAvaDI ke uttara / cidrUpaM sahajoditaM niravadhi jJAnakaniSThArpitam nityonmIlitamullasatvarakalaM syaatkaarvisphaaritN| sadyuktaM paramAdbhutaM zivasukhAnaMdAspadaM zAzvatam naumi staumi japAmi yAmi zaraNaM tajjyotirAtmasthitam // 1 // nAstaM gataH kugrahasaMgraho vA no tIvratejA..........""vaH / ..........."naiva suduSTadehI pUrvo ravistAtsamudo vR vaH // 2 // bhavecchrozAntiH ........sA suttavibhavabhaMgI bhavabhRttAM, vibho yayA bhAti sphuritanakharoci karayugam / vinamrANAmeSAmakhilakRtinAM maMgalamayoM, sthirIkartu lalakSmImuparacitaraMgAbrajamiva // 3 // nAsAzvAsena yena prabalabalabhRto pUritaH pAMcajanyaH |............"khrdrmolt............."pdmaa dazaiH // hastAGgaSThena zArGgadhanuratulabalaM kRtasamAropya viSNoraMgulyA dolito'yaM halabhRdi vanitaM tasya nemestanAmi // 4 // praaNshupraakaarkaantaatridshprivRddhvyuuhvddhaavkaashaa| vAcAlA ketukoTikkaNA maNimasI kiMkiNIbhiH samantAt // yasya vyAkhyAnabhUmimahaha kimida

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kiraNa 2 ] bijoliyA ke zilA-lekha 5.3 mityAkulAH kautukena / prekSante prANabhAjaH sa khalu vijayatAM tIrthakRtpArzvanAthaH ||5|| varddhatAM varddhamAnasya varddhamAnamahodayaH varddhatAM varddhamAnasya varddhamAnamahodayaH // 6 // zAradAm sAradAm staumi sAradAnavizAradAm / bhAratoM bhAratIM bhaktabhuktimuktivizAradAm // 7 // niH pratyUhamupAsmahe jinapatIntantrAnapi svAminaH / zrInAbheyapuraHsarAnparakRpApIyUSapAthonidhIn // yajjyotiH parabhAgabhAjanatayA muktAtmatAmAzritAH / zrImanmuktinitambinIstanataTe hArazriyaM vibhrati // // bhavyAnAM hRdayAbhirAmavasatiH saddharmataH saMsthitiH / karmonmUlanasaMgatiH zubhatatinirbAdhabAdhoddhRtiH // jA (jI) vAnAmupakArakAraNaratiH zreyaH zriyAM saMsRtirdeyAnme bhavasaMbhRtiH zivamatirjene caturviMzatiH // // zrIcAhamAnatimIrAjavaMzapaurvopyayaurvopi jaDAvatadvaH / vistotavAnanRparaMbhrayukto no niHphalaH sArato to nA // 10 // lAvaNyanirmalamahAjvalitAMgaSaSTicchrIcalacchuciparidhAnacAlI // "gaparvatapayodharabhArabhugnA sAkaM marAjani janIva tato'pi viSNoH // 11 // vipraH zrIvatsa gotre 'bhUdahicchamapure purA / sAmanto'nanta sAmanta pUrNe tallanupastataH ||12|| tasmAttacchrIjayarAja vigrahanRpau zrIcandragopendrakau / tasmAddurlabhagUvakauzazinRpo gUvAka saccandanau // zrImadvappayarAjavindhyanRpatiH zrIsiMharAGghrigrahau / zrImadddlabhagundavAkpatinRpAH zrIvIrya rAmo'nujaH // 13 // zrIcandro'vanipeti rANakagharaH zrIsiMhaye dUsalastabhrAtAtha tato'pi vosalanRpaH zrIrAjadevIpriyaH // pRthvIrAjanRpo'tha tattanubhavo rAsalyadevI vibhuH // tatputro jayadeva ityavinayaH saumalladevIpatiH // 14 // hatvA- - garmi calAdhipayazI rAjAdivIratrayaM kSipraM krUrakRtAntavakrakuhare zrImArga durdAnvitam // zrImatsolluNadaMDanAyakavaraH saMgrAma....... .. jIva.....vaniyaMtritaH karabhake ye naSTa..... ...sAt // 15 // arNorAjAsthasUnughRtahRdayahariH satvavAsiSThasImo gAMbhIryaudAryavaryaH samabhavadaparAlabdhamadhyo nadItsaH / tazcitra jantajAdyasthitiradhRtamahApaM kaheturna mathyo, na zrIbhukto nadISA kararacitaratirna . sevyaH // 16 // yadrAjyaM kuzavAraNaM prati kRtaM rAjAMkuzena svayaM yenAnnaivanacitrametatpunarmanyAmahe tAM prati / taccitraM pratibhAsate sukrAtenAM nirvANa nArAyaNanyakkArAcaraNena bhaMgakaraNaM zrIdevarAjaM prati // 17 // kuvalaya vikAzakarttA vigraharAjo.......... ..citraM tattanayastaccitraM yatra jaDatINasakalaMkaH // 18 // bhAdAnattvaM caka bhAdAnapateH parasya bhAdAnaH / yasya dadhatkaravADhaH karAlaH karatAla.......... ... // 16 // kRtAntapathasajjo'bhUtsajjano'sajjano bhuvaH / vaikuntaM kuntapAlo gAmato baikuntapAlakaH // 20 // jAbAlipuraM jvAlApuraM kRttA pallikA pipallI / dAnadvala tubhyaM roSAnaDvalaM yena zauryeNa // 21 // pratolyAM cavaDhabhyAM ca yena vizrAmitaM yazaH / dillikAgrahaNaM zAntamaulikA lAbhalaM / bhataH ||22|| tajjyeSTabhrAtRputtro'bhUtpRthvIrAjaH - pRthupamaH / tasmadarjita hemAMgo hemavRkSo'bhavattataH // 23 // ........... zrIvidharmAyatenApi pArzvanAtha

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 svyNbhuve| dattaM maurAkSarIgrAmaM muktibhuktyozca hetunA // 24 // svarNAdidAnanivahairdazabhimahadbhi, tolAcayai nagaradAnaparaizca vipraaH| yenArcitAzcaturabhUpativastupAlacAkramya cAhamanasiddhikarIgRhItaH // 25 // saumezvaralabdharAjyastataH saumezvaro nRpaH / saumezvaranuto yasmAdyataH somezvaro bhavet // 26 // pratApalaMkezvaraityabhikhyAM yaH prAptavAnprauDhaprabhuH prtaapH| yasmAbhimukhyairvaravairamukhyAH kecinmRtAH kecibhidrutAzca // 27 // yena zrIpArzvanAthAya revAtIre svyNbhuve| zAsane revaNAgrAma dataM 'svargAbhikAMkSayA // 28 // aMdhakArAya kavaM zAnukramaH............."tIrthe zrIneminAthasya rAjye nArAyaNasya ca / ambhodhi. mathanAdeva valibhirbalazAlibhiH // 26 // nirgataH pravaro baMzo devavRndaiH smaashritH| zrImAlapattane sthAne sthApitaH zatamanyunA // 30 // zrImAlazailapravarAvacUlaH parottaraH sattvaguruH suvRttH| prAgvATavaMzo'sti babhUva tasminmuktopamo vaizravaNAmidhAnaH // 31 // tadA manohare kSetra kAritam jinamaMdiram / .......... kAnvAyasa (krAntvAyaza ) tatvamekatra sthiratAM gatam // 32 // yo cIkazcandrazucipramANi thAMgrerakAdau jinmNdiraanni| kIrttidrumArAmasamRddhihetau vibhAnti kaMdA iva yAnyamedAH // 33 // kallolamAMsalitakIrtisudhAsamudraH / sabuddhi baMdhu khadhUddharaNe . ... .... // pAropakAryakaraNe prgunnaantraatmaa| zrIbandhutamasya tanaya....... pade'bhUt // 34 // zcumaMkarastasya suto'janiSTa ziSyairmahiSThaH parikIrtyakIrtiH / zrIjAsaTo sUtavadekajanmA yadaMgajanmA khalu puNyarAziH // 35 // .............. ...... // 36 // catvArazcaturAcArAH putrAH pAtra shubhshriyH| amuSyAmuSyadharmANo babhUvurbhAryayordvayoH // 37 // ekasyAM dvAvajAyetAM shriimdaambttpdmttau| aparasyAM ............"lakSanaTadesalau // 38 // praakaarnkherviirveshmkaarnnpaattvm| prakaTitaM khAyavittena vAnuneya . mahItalam // 36 // putrau pavitrau guNaratnapAtro, vizuddhamAtrau smshiilsuutrau| babhUvaturlakSmaTakasya netrau munIndrarAmendrabhidhau prasannau // 40 // SaDvaMDAgamavaddhasauhRdabharAH SaDgIva rakSezvarAH SaDbhedendriyavazyajAH parikarAH SaDkarmaklaptA daza // SaDvaMDAvanikIrtipAlanaparAH paaddnnycintaakraaH| SaSTyambujabhAskarAH samabhavan SaDdezalasyAM gajAH // 41 // . zreSThI duddala. nAyakaH prathamakaH zrImAMsalo kAmajidda vasparza ito'pi sIyakavaraH zrIsAhako nAmataH // yatesaMkramato jinkrmyugaambhojokbhuuyopmaaH| mAnyA rAjazatairvadAnyamatayo rAjaMti jambUtsavaH // 42 // harmya shriivrdhmaansyaajymerovibhuussnnm| kAritaM yairmahAbhogairvimAna miva nAkinAm // 42 // teSAmantaH zriyaH pAnaM sAyakaveSThibhUSaNam / meNDaNakaramahAdurga bhUSayAmAsa mUrtinA // 44 // yo nyAyAMvarasevanaikajaladaH kIrternidhAnaM paraM / saujanyAmbujanIvikAsanaSiH pApAdribhede paviH // kAruNyAmRtavAridhevilasane rAkAzazAMkApamo nityaM sAdhujanopakArakaraNavyApArabaddhAdaraH // 45 // yenAkAri jitArinemibhuvanaM devAdri

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kiraNa 2 ] bijoliyA ke zilA-lekha zRgoddharaM / caMcatkAMcanacArudaMDakalazazreNIprabhAbhAsuram // khelatkhecarasundarIzramabharaM bhaMja...jorvIjanairdha ttezvApadazailaTaMgajinabhRtyoddAmasanyazriyaH // 46 // zrIsIyakasya bhArye sto nAgazrImAmAbhidhe AdyAyAstu vayaH putrA dvitIyAyAH sutadvayam // 47 // paMcAcAraparAyaNAtmamatayaH paMcAMgamaMtrojjvalAH paMcajJAnavicAraNAsucaturAH pNcendriyaarthojyaaH|| zrImatpaMcaguruH praNAmamanasaH paMcANuzuddhavRttAH paMcaitetanyAgrahaM ...............rayA zrIsoyaka zreSTinaH // 4 // AdyaH zrInAgadevo'bhUllolAkazcojjvalastathA / . mahIdharo devadharo vAvetAvanyamAtRjau // 4 // ujjvalasyAMgajanmAnau zrImaddurlabhalakSmaNau abhUtAM bhuvanodbhAsiyazodurlabhalakSmaNoH // 50 // gAMbhIrya jaladheH sthiratvamacalAttejasvitAM bhAsvataH saumya candramasaH zucitvam srotasvinItaH prm| pratyekaM parigRhya vizvaviditA yo vedhasA sAdaraM, manye vIjakRte 'kRtaH sukRtinA sallolakazreSThinaH // 51 // athAgamamandirameSa kItaH zrIvindhyavallI dhndhaanyvllii| tatrAtu.........talasturAH kaMcinnarezaM purataH sthitaM saH // 52 // uvAca kastvaM kimihAbhyupetaH kutaH sataM prAha kaNIzvaro'ham / pAtAlamUlAstava darzanAya zrIpAzvanAthaH svayameSyatIha // 53 // prAtastejaH samutthAya na kaMcana vivecitam svapnasyAntarmano bhAvA yato vaataadibhuussitH||54|| lolArkasya priyAstistro babhUvurmanasaH priyAH lalitA kamalA zrIzca lakSmIrlakSmI snaamyH||55|| tataH sabhaktAM lalitAM babhASe gatvA priyAM tasya nizi prasuptAm zRNuSva bhadre dharaNohamehi zrI.........darzayAmi // 56 // tayA sacokto...... yatvamadizat-metat zrIpArzvanAthAya samuddhati sa prAsAdamadhyaM ca kariSyatIha // 57 // gatvA punarlolikamevamUce bho bhktsuktaanumtaasirktaa| deve dhane dharmavidhau jinezo zrIrevatItIramihApapArzvaH // 5 // samuddharenaM kuru dharmakArya tvaM kAraya shriijincaitygehN| yenApsyasi zrIkulakIrtiputrayaunnIsasaMtAnasukhAdivaddhiM // 56 // tadetanbhImAkhyaM vanamiha nivAso jinapatestadA te prAvANAH shtthkrmtthmuktaaggntH| sughArami ........dracayataH kuNDasaritaH tadanautatsthAna.........ragamaM pApaparamam // 60 // anAstyuttamamuttamAdizikharaM sAdhuSamacocchritaM, tIrtha zrIvaratApikAtraparamam devotimuktAbhidhaH satyazcotra ghaTezvaraH suranuto devaH kumArezvaraH, saubhAgyezvaradakSiNezvarasurau mArkaNDarisyezvarau // 6 // satyombarezvarodevo brahmamA shvraadiip| ........................... // 62 // .............................. // 63 // kartinAthaM ca v............svaaminH| saMgamezaH kuTIzazca mukhezvaravaTezvarau // 6 // nityapramoditAdevo siddha zvaragayAyusaH / gaMgA bhedaM ca somIzaM gaNanAtha tripurAntakaH // 65 // saMsthA trikoTiliGgAnAM yatnAsti kuTilA ndii| svarNajyotazvaro devaH samaM kapiladhArayA // 66 // nAlpamRtyurna vA rogA na durbhikSa ityevaM............... ..................... // 67 // kRtvAvatArakriyAm / kRtvA pArzvajinezvaro'tra kRpayA saudhAdyavAsaH ptiH| zakteyaH

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56 [ bhAga 2 kithikapriya stribhuvanaM prANI prabodhaprabhuH // 66 // ittyAkarya vaco vizuddhamanasA tasyoragasvAminaH / saMprAtaH pratibuddhayapArzvamamitaH kSoNIM vidArya kSaNAt / tAvattatra vibhuM dadarza sahasA niHprAkRtAkAriNam / kuNDAbhyarNatapazca dhyAnaM dadhataM svAyaMbhuvaH zrIzritam // 70 // nAsIdyatra jinendrapAdanamanaM no dharmakarmArjanaM na snAnaM na vilepanaM na ca tapo dhyAnaM na dAnArcanam | no vA sanmunidarzanam ... . babhUva sadanaM ... // 71 // tatkuNDamadhyAdatha nirjagAma zrIsIya ****** ****** bhAskara ......... kasyAgamanena padbhyAm // 72 // yaMdAvatAramAkArSIdatta pArzvajinezvaraH / tannanAgahRde yataM giristaMvaH prayAtasaH // 73 // yo'pi dattavAn svapnaM lakSmaNabrahmacAriNaH / tannAhamapi prApsyAmi yattra pArzvavibhurmama // 74 // revatItIrakuNDena yA nArI snAnamAcaret / sA putrabhartR saubhAgyaM lakSmIM ca labhate .. snAnakarttA sa sthirAm // 75 // brAhmaNaH kSatriyo vApi vaizyo vA zudrajo'pi vA / prApnotyuttamAM gatim // 76 // dhanaM dhAnyaM dharA.. * dhaureyatAMdhiyam / dharAdhipani sanmAnaM lakSmI prAptoti puSkalAm // 77 // tIrthAzcaryamidam janena viditaM yad gIyataM sAMprataM / kuSThapretapizAcakujvararujAhInAMgagaMDApaham / sanyAsaM ca cakAra nirgatabhayam ghUkazRgAloddayaM / kAkInAkabhavApadeva kalayA kiM kiM na saMpadyate // 78 // zlAghyaM janma kRtaM dhanaM ca saphalaM no tIrtha siddhiM matiH saddharmApi ca darzita tanuruhaH svapnorpita satyatAM / .radRSTidUSitamanAH saMdRSTimArge kRto, jaina... . vilolakazreSThinaH // 76 // kiM meroH zRMgametatkimuta hima gireH kUTakoTiH prakANDaM kiMvA kailAsakUTaM kimuta surapateH svarvimAnaM svavimAnaM / itthaM yastaryatesma pratidinamamarairmartya rAjotkarairvA / madhye zrIlolakasya tribhuvanabharaNAducchritaM kIrtipuMjaM // 80 // pavanoddhRtapatAkA pANiko bhavyamukhyAnpaTuparahaninAdA dAhayatyeza jenakali kaluSa mathoccairduramutsAhayeddhA, tribhuvanavibhu - bhAnnRtyatI kAzcitsvAnakamAdharati dadhate kAzcizca gItotsavaM kAzcit bibhrati tAlavaMzalalitaM kurvanti nRpaM / kAcidvAdyamupAhayanti nibhRtaM vINAsvaraM kAzcana yattrozcaibhvajakiMkiNI yuvatayaH keSAM mude nAbhavan // 82 // yaH sadvRttayutaH mudoSi kalitastrAsAdidoSojjitazcintAkhyAta padArthadAnavaturazcintAmaNeH sodaraH so'bhUcchrojinacandrasUripurustyutpAdapaMoA yo bhravyApatapo'tha lolakavarastIrthaM cakAra saH // 3 // revatyAH saritastaTe taruvarAH yajJa - vhayante bhRzaM zAkhA bAhulatoskarainaMkharAnpuMskokilAnAM rutaiH / matpuSpoccayapatrasatphalavaye zanirmalaiH bho bhobhyarcayat abhiSekayat vA zrIpArzvanAtha jinam ||4|| yAvatpuSkaratIrtha saikatakulaM yAvaca gaMgAjalaM yAvantArakacandrabhAskarakarAH yAvazca dikkuMjarAH / yAvacchrIjinacaMdrazAsanamidaM yAvanmahendraM padaM tAvantIrthayutaM prazAsmasahitaM jainaM 115211 ........

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bijoliyA ke zilA - lekha kiraNa 2 ] 57 sthiraM maMdiram // 85 // pUrvato revatIsindhu maThasthAnamudIcyAM kuNDamuttamam // 6 // kAritaM lolikene tatsaptAyatanasaMyutam // 7 // pipuraM tathA / dakSiNasyAM dakSiNottarato vATI nAbAvRtairalaMkRtam / zrImanmArasihe 'bhUdguNabhadro mahAmuniH / kRtA prazastireSA kavInAM kaNThabhUSaNam // 88 // naigamAnvaya kAyasthatitipasya ca sUnunA / likhitaM kesavenedaM muktAphalamivojvalam // 81 // harasiMhasUtradhArasya tatputtro pAlhaNo bhavitadaM gajenAhaDaMnApi nirmApi jinamaMdiram // 60 // nAlimaH putragovinda pAlhaNasuta delhaNaH / utkIrNa prazasti....... .. kIrtistambham : pratiSThitam // 61 // prasiddhimagamaddevaH kalivikramabhAsvataH / SaDviMzadvAdazazate phAlgune kRSNapakSa ke // 62 // 64, 500 tRtIyAyAM tithoM vAre gurostAre ca hastake dhRtinAmani yoge ca karaNe taitile rAdhA // 63 // saMvat 1226 phAlguna vadI 3 toja kAM.. ..khaNAgrAmaguhitaputra rA0 dAdarA mhaM da (1) siMhahAbhyAM kSetraDohasI (?) 1 / DugarAgrAmavAstavya moDasonigavAsudevAbhyAM .... otarIpratigaNe... .. rAyatAgrAMmIya matra... ....bar3IyoyImyAM satgrAmavAstavya pArigrahI AlhaNena datta .sI grAmasaMgrahita putrarAThaprArarumahattama ...... asohaMsikA (2) 121 dattakSetrasohAsikA (?) tasohalikA (?) mAdavAyAM dattakSetrasohalikA ( ? )|| laghunI.... bahubhirvasudhA bhuktA rAjabhirbharatAdibhiH / yasya yasya yadA bhUmistasya tasya tadA phalam // 1 // ............ noTa-bijoliyA ke ina donoM zilAlekhoM meM par3ha pada para bhaddI galatiyA~ milatI haiM / maulikatA naSTa hone ke khayAla se hI ve nahIM sudhArI gayIM / ke0 bI0 zAstrI

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saMskRta meM dUtakAvya sAhitya kA nikAsa _ aura vikAsa (le0-zrIyuta cintAharaNa cakravartI, ema.e., kAvyatIrtha) saMskRta sAhitya meM 'dUtakAvyoM' athavA saMdezarUpa padyoM ko mukhya sthAna prApta hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM jo gIta-padya (Lyric Poetry) kA eka abhAva sA hai usakI pUrti ina dUtakAvyoM evaM paJcakoM, aSTakoM, dazakoM aura zatakoM se ho jAtI hai| kintu ina saba meM dUtakAvya hI vizeSa mUlyamayI racanAyeM haiN| inameM kavitA bhI ucca Adarza ko liye huye haiM aura vaha premiyoM ke viraha-vyathA varNana meM sarasatA ko prakaTa karatI hai| sAtha hI unakA, mahatva prAcIna athavA madhyakAlIna bhArata ke kisI bhAga ke bhaugolika varNana paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa aura bhI bar3A huA hai| ataH ina padyoM ke nikAsa aura vikAsa sambandha meM vicAra karanA asaMgata na hogaa| aneka vidvAnoM ne apane jJAna meM Aye hue 'dUtakAvyoM' ko sUciyAM prakaTa kI haiN| hija hAInesa mahArAja ravivarma ne mAlAbAra meM vikasita chaha dUta kAvyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| udhara oNphaTa sA0 inase bhinna anya daza kAvya batalAte haiN| manamohana cakravartI ita donoM ko milA kara apanI lisTa meM solaha dUtakAvyoM kI gaNanA karate haiN| kintu maiMne avikala parizrama ke phalarUpa aise pacAsa.kAvyoM kA patA lagA liyA haijinakA vivecana maiM yahAM kruuNgaa| to bhI inake atirikta kucha aura dUtakAvya haiM, jinakA patA abhItaka nahIM laga pAyA hai| upalabdha dUtakAvyoM kA vivecana / dUtakAvya sAhitya ke saMbhava nikAsa aura vikAsa ke prazna para vicAra karane ke pahale isa sAhitya kA sAmAnya avalokana kara lenA ucita hai| yahAM hama unakA ullekha akArAdi krama se kareMge / samayApekSA ullekha karanA isa samaya azakya hai| kyoMki sabahI kAvyoM kA racanAkAla upalabdha nahIM hai / chaMda bhI vizeSataH 'mandakrAntA' vyavahRta huA hai| (1) indudUtam --kI racanA loka prakAza, kalpa subodhikA aura haimalaghuprakriyA (vi0 saM0 1710) ke kartA vinayavijayagaNi dvArA huI hai| isameM kula 131 zloka haiM ; jinameM yaha jainakavi godhApura (jodhapura) se candramA ko apanA dUta banAkara sUrata meM avasthita apane guru ke pAsa apane samucita cAritapAlana kA saMdezA dekara bhejatA hai| jodhapura se sUrata taka bIca meM Aye huye jaina maMdiroM aura tIrthoM kA varNana bhI isameM khUba AyA hai| 1 / jarnala rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI, 1884, pR0 401... 2 / Z. D. M G. vol. 54, p.616. 3 / jarnala baMgAla eziyATika sosAiTI, 1605, pR0 42 / 4 / kAvyamAlA guccha 14 pR0 40-60 / 5 / belavelkara-Systems of Sanskrit Grammar, p. 79.

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kiraNa 2] saMskRta meM dUtakAvya sAhitya kA nikAsa aura vikAsa (2) uddhavadUtam-mAdhava zarmA kI racanA hai| 141 zloka haiN| isameM kRSNa kI ora se gaye huye dUta uddhava kA varNana hai ki kaise unane gopiyoM ko kRSNajI kA saMdezA dekara zAnta kiyA thA, jo hinduoM ke bhAgavatapurANa (10 / 47) ke anusAra hai| (3) uddhavasandeza-rUpagosvAmina kI kRti batalAyA jAtA hai| isameM bhI 138 zlokoM meM uddhava jI dvArA kRSNa jI kA saMdeza mathurA pahuMcAne kA varNana hai| kavi kA anya graMtha haMsadatam bhI . (4) kIradUtam'-ke kartA rAmagopAla ko mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI jI navadvIpa (baMgAla) ke rAjA kRSNacandra ke darabAra kA kavi anumAna karate haiN| isameM mathurA kI gopiyoM ne eka tote ko dUta banA kara kRSNa jI ke pAsa apanA saMdeza lekara bhejA hai| 104 kAvya haiM / (5) kokila-saMdeza-uttara arkATa ke nivAsI raMganAtha ke putra uddaNDa kavi kI racanA hai jo pandrahavIM zatAbdi ke prArambha meM huye haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki bhRGgasaMdeza ke uttara meM yaha kAvya likhA gayA thA, jise usake kartA vAsudeva ne uddaNDa kavi ke prati bhejA thaa| usameM kAJcI ke eka premI ke dvArA koyala ko apanA dUta banA kara kerala meM sthita apanI pramikA ke pAsa bhejane kA varNana hai| * (6) kokila-saMdeza-nRsiMharacita / (aDayAra lAyabrerI lisTa, madrAsa pRSTha 128) / (7) kokila-saMdeza- tAtya ke putra veGkaTAcArya-dvArA sNklit| (barnela-saMskRta graMtha inDeksa, pailesa lAyabrarI, tanjora pRSTha 157) / (8) cakora-saMdeza-'uparyukta pustaka pRSTha 158) / (E) candradUta - kRSNacaMdra tarkAlaGkAra kI kRti hai jo gopInAtha bhaTTAcArya ke putra ye| isameM laGkA se hanumAna jI ke lauTa Ane para rAmacandra jI ke mAlyavat parvata se candramA ko dUta banA kara apanA saMdezA sItAjI ke pAsa laGkA ko bhejane kA varNana (vaidika rAmAyaNa ke anusAra) hai| (10) candradata- jambUkavi racita / mAlinI chaMda ke 23 padyoM meM samApta hai; jisameM antyayamaka' ko pratyeka padya meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| (11) candradUta-vinayaprabha-dvArA saMkalita / (riporTa khoja saMskRta graMtha san 1884-85bhANDArakara naM. 354) / | Haeberlin's Sanskrit Anthology, pp. 384 ff. kAvyakalApa (bambaI 1864) pR056... 2 / Ibid pp. 323-347 aura kAvyasaMgraha (kalakatA) 3 / 21 / 3 / saMskRta sAhitya pariSat kalakatA ke pAsa eka prati maujUda hai| 4 / Notices of Sanskrit Mss. I. XXXIX. 5 / madrAsa sarakArI lAyabrarI kI sUcI bhAga 10 naM0 11835 / 6 / (inDiyana hisTA0 kvArTI bhAga 3 pR. 223) / * Notices of Sanskrit Mss., Vol. II. p. 153. 5| A Third Report of operations in Search of Sanskrit Mss. Bombay Circle, p. 292.

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bhAskara bhAga 2 (12) cAtaka-sandeza'--141 zlokoM meM hai| isameM eka brAhmaNadvArA cAtaka ko dUta banAkara vivandra ma ke mahArAja rAmavarmA ke pAsa saMdeza bhejane kA varNana hai, jisameM rAjA kA anugraha prApta karane kA prayAsa hai| (13) cetodUta-126 padyoM meM pUrNa huA hai| isameM eka ziSya kA apane hI mana ko dUta banAkara gurujI ke pAsa saMdeza bhejane kA jikra hai| isake pratyeka zloka kA antima caraNa meghadUta ke eka padya ke antima caraNa ke samAna hai| (14) jaina meghadUta-yaha I0 11vIM zatAbdI meM hue aJcalagacche ke merutuGga jI kI racanA hai| yaha kavi prabandhacintAmaNi Adi graMthoM ke kartA se bhinna hai| (JBBRAS., IX. 147) isameM rAjamatI jI dvArA megha ko dUta niyata karake zrI neminAtha jI ke pAsa apanI viraha-vyathA kA saMdeza bhejane kA varNana hai| yaha cAra sandhiyoM meM samApta huA hai jinameM pratyeka ke kramazaH 10, 46, 15 aura 42 padya haiN| (11) tulasodUta ko racanA saM0 1706 meM vaidyanAtha bhaTTAcArya ne kI hai| kavi ne tulasI ke patte ko dUta banA kara gopiyoM kA saMdezA kRSNa jI ke pAsa bhejane kA citra aGkita kiyA hai| . (56) nemidata -yaha vikrama kavi kI racanA hai aura isakA bhAva jaina meghadUta ke samAna hai| isameM 123 zloka haiM; jinameM se pratyeka kA antima caraNa kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kA eka caraNa hai arthAt meghadUta ke caraNa kI samasyApUrti isameM kI gaI hai| (17) padAnta-navadvIpa (baMgAla) ke prasiddha rAjA mahArAja kRSNacandra ke pitA rAjA raghurAma rAya ke darabArI kavi kRSNasArvabhauma ne racA thaa| yaha gopI-kRSNa-vArtA ko batalAnevAlA kAvya saM0 1641 meM pUrNa huA thaa| baMgAla ke paNDitoM meM mevadUta ke bAda isa kAvya kI hI prasiddhi hai| (18) pavanadUta -dhoI kavi kI racanA hai jo baMgAla ke rAjA lakSmaNa sena ke (12vIM za0) darabAra ke eka kavi the| unane isameM dakSiNabhArata kI nivAsinI eka gaMdharva-kanyA kA saMdeza pavanadvArA lacamaNasena rAjA ke pAsa bhejane kA varNana kiyA hai, jo isa rAjA para Asakta thii| (16) pavanadatama-zrIvAdicaMdrajI sari kI racanA hai jo I0 17vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN| isake 101 zlokoM meM kavi ne batalAyA hai ki kisa taraha ujjaina ke rAjA vidyAnareza ne pavana ko dUta banAkara apanI rAnI tArA ke pAsa saMdeza bhejA thA, jise eka vidyAdhara le gayA thA / 1 / J. R. A. S., 1834, p. 451. 2 / aAtmAnanda-grantharatnamAlA naM. 25 / 3 / zrI jaina protmAnanda-granthamAlA naM. 76 / 4 / saMskRta sAhitya-pariSat kalakatA ke pAsa eka prati hai| 5 / kAvyamAlA (dvitIya guccha) / 6 / kAvyakalApa (baMbaI 1874) pRSTha 53 / 7 / kalakatA saMskRta sAhitya pariSat sIrIja naM0 13 va J. A. S. B. 1905, pp. 53-68. 8 / kAvyamAlA guccha 13 pRSTa 6-24 aura hindI jaina-sAhitya sIrIja naM. 3 /

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kiraNa 2] saMskRta meM dUtakAvya sAhitya kA nikAsa aura vikAsa (20) pAnyadUta-bholAnAtha kI racanA hai, jisameM 105 padya zArdUlavikrIDita chaMda meM haiN| lekhaka tikurI kA eka vaiSNava brAhmaNa hai| (21) pikadUtam ke 31 zArdUlavikrIDita padyoM meM gopiyoM dvArA kRSNa ke prati koyala ko dUta mAnakara saMdeza bhejane kA varNana hai| (isakI eka prati lekhaka ke pAsa hai)| __ (22) bhaktidUtI'-kAlI prasAda-kRta / isa alaMkRta kAvya meM kavi ne bhakti ko dUtI niyata karake apanI mAnI huI vallabhA mukti ke pAsa eka saMdezA bhejA hai| kula 23 padya haiN| (23) bhRGasaMdeza'--kAlIkaTa ke rAjA ravivarmA aura goDavarmA ke darabAra ke kavi bAsudeva kI racanA hai| isameM eka puruSa ne apanI stro ko jo saMdeza bhejA hai vaha kalpita kiyA gayA hai| 162 zlokoM meM pUrNa hai| . . (24) bhramaradUta -vadyAnivAsa ke putra rudvanyAyavAcaspati dvArA likhita hai, jo nyAyasUtroM ke TIkAkAra pratIta hote haiM ! yaha bhAvavilAsa ke kartA se bhinna haiN| isakA bhAva candradUta (naM0 6) kI taraha hai| antara sirpha itanA hai ki yahAM dUta kA kAma bhramara kara rahA hai / (25) manodUta - viSNudAsa ne racA hai, jo baMgAla ke prasiddha sudhAraka 'caitanya' ke eka nijI saMbaMdhI the| isake 101 vasantatilakA padyoM meM 'kavIndra' ne apane mana ko hI dUta banAkara viSNu ke pAsa bhejA hai| (26) manodUta-tailaGga vrajanAtha ne saM0 1814 meM racA thaa| yahAM draupadI ne cIraharaNa ke samaya apane mana ko dUta banAkara kRSNa ke pAsa saMdeza bhejA, yaha bhAva citrita kiyA gayA hai| (27) manodUta--viSNudAsa ke paraziSya rAmarAma kI kRti pratIta hotI hai| yadyapi isakA bhAva bhI naM0 25 ke anusAra hai, parantu yaha usase bhinna hai| isameM zikhariNI chaMda kI pradhAnatA hai| (28) manodUta kAvya --meM AtmA aura jIva kA sambandha darasAyA gayA hai| (26) manodUta--yaha saMbhavataH jainakRti hai| ataH uparyukta se bhinna hai| (zve0 jaina graMthAvalI pRSTha 332) / (30) mayUra-saMdeza-rajAcArya-kRta / (aDayAra lAyabrerI kI saM0 va prA0 graMtha lisTa, madrAsa pRSTha 130) / 9Catalogue of Skt. Mes in the India office Library, VII, 3890. 2 / Notices of Skt. Mss.-R. L. Mitra, vol. III, p. 27. 3 | Descrip. Cat. of Skt. Mss, in the Madras Orient. Library, XX, No. 11865. 4 / Notices of Skt. Mss.-H, P. Sastri-vol, II. p. 153 etc. / / H. P. Sastri-op. cit. Preface, p. 4. etc. 6 / Catal. of Skt. Mss. in the India Office Library, VII, Nos. 3897-3899. 7 / kAvyamAlA (13vAM guccha) pRSTha 84-130 / 8 / baGgIyasAhityapariSat, kalakattA-saM0 prati naM0 1282 / & Catal, of Skt. Mss. in the Raghunath Temple Library of H. H. The Maharajah of Kashmir-Stein-p.70,287. Intro.XXV.

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62 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 (31) meghadUta' - - kavi samrAT kAlidAsa kRta / yaha dUta kAvyoM meM sarvaprAcIna, sarvottama aura bahuprasiddha hai / isakI kathA se prAyaH hara koI paricita hai ki kaise eka virahI yakSa ne eka bAdala ko apanA dUta banAkara apanI yakSI ke pAsa saMdezA bhejA thA, jisase vaha eka zApa dvArA alaga kiyA gayA thA / anya bahu pracalita graMthoM kI taraha isakA bhI AkAra anya kaviyoM kI kRpA se bar3ha gayA hai / ballabhadeva kI TIkA ke anusAra haljaza sA0 isake 111 zloka batalAte haiM, kintu dUsarI ora ke0 bI0 pAThaka mahodaya 'pAzvabhyudaya' ke anusAra 121 zloka batAte haiM ! dakSiNAvartanAtha, mallinAtha aura pUrNa sarasvatI (vidyullatA) kI TIkAoM meM kramaza: 110, 118 aura 110 zloka haiM / (32) meghadUta -- maMtrI vikrama- kRta / (jainagraMthamAlA -- zve0 kAnphrensa -- pRSTha 332) (33) meghadUta - samasyAlekha -- nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya aura jyotiSa viSayaka vividha graMthoM ke kartA megha vijayajI kI kRti hai / haimakaumudI ke kartA bhI yahI haiM, jo siddhAnta kaumudI kA 'moDela' (Model) samajhI jAtI hai aura san 1666 meM pUrNa huI thI / meghadUtasamasyAlekha meM graMthakartA megha ko dUta banAkara apanA saMdezA apane guru vijayaprabhasUri ke pAsa bhejate haiM / yaha saM0 1727 ko pUrNa huA thA / meghadUta ke padyoM ke caturtha caraNoM kI samasyA pUrti isameM kI gaI hai| (34) rathAGgadUta - ( bhUmikA, jainameghadUta, pR0 10) / (35) viprasaMdeza -- lakSmaNasUri - viracita / isameM rukmiNI ne kaise eka vRddha vipra ko apanA dUta banAkara kRSNajI ke pAma bhejA thA, isakA varNana hinduoM ke bhAgavatapurANa (10 / 52 ) ke anusAra hai| (36) zIladUta' - mahIpAlacaritra, kumArapAla mahAkAvya aura AcArAdarza ke karttA cAri 'sundaragaNi kI racanA 1 yaha sarvathA dUtakAvya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki isameM koI dUta kahIM nahIM bhejA gayA hai / isake 131 zloka haiM, jinameM se pahale ke 125 zlokoM ke antima caraNa kAlidAsa jI ke meghadUta ke zlokoM ke antima caraNoM ke samAna hai / meghadUta ke caraNoM kA samAveza isameM hone ke kAraNa hI zAyada isakA nAmollekha rAjakumAra ke gRhatyAga karane aura bhadravAhu svAmI ke saM0 1487 meM khambhAMta (gujarAta) nAmaka sthAna meM (zoladUta zloka 131) / dUtakAvyarUpa meM huA hai / isameM sthUlabhadra nikaTa dIkSA lene kA varNana hai 1 pustaka vi0 vahAM ke saradAra ke Azraya meM samApta huI thI / eka premI ne svapna meM apanI prANavallabhA (37) zukasaMdeza -- lakSmIdAsa kI racanA hai, jisameM kA vichoha na saha sakane ke kAraNa usake pAsa tote ko dUta banAkara apanA saMdeza lekara bhejA, yaha varNana hai / isameM pUrva saMdeza aura uttara saMdezarUpa do bhAga haiM, jinameM kramazaH 74 aura 86 zloka 1 | aneka bhAvRttiyAM prakaTa ho cukIM, jinameM dA acchI haiM; (1) ke0 bI0 pAThaka vAlI (Oriental Book Supplying Agency, Poona. 1916) aura DaoN. halz2aza kI (Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1911). 2 / Atmonanda-granthamAlA naM0 24 / 3 // pUrNacandrodaya pra esa, taMjora dvAro prakAzita (1906) / 4 / zrIyazovijaya-granthamAlA, 14 ( banArasa san 1915) /

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63 kiraNa 2] . saMskRta meM dUtakAvya sAhitya kA nikAsa aura vikAsa haiN| rAmezvaram aura guNapura ke madhyavartI sthala kA bhUgola bhI khUba A gayA hai| (J.R.A.S., 1884, p. 449) (38) zukasaMdeza-kariGgapalli nambUdi racita / (List of Skt. Mss. Private Libraries of South. India Oppert, Nos. 2721, 6241) (36) zukasaMdeza'- raGgAcArya kRta / mAlUma nahIM isake kartA bhI vahI haiM jo mayUrasaMdeza (naM0 30) ke haiN| (50) siddhadUta-avadhUtarAma-racita / (Report of a Search of Skt. Mss., Kathavate, No. 596). (41) subhagasaMdeza--nArAyaNa-kRta 130 zlokoM meM pUrNa hai| (J.R.A.S., 1884, p. 449) __(42) haMsadUta-rUpagosvAmin kI racanA hai, yadyapi kinhIM pratiyoM meM unake bhatIje jIvagosvAmin ko isakA kartA likhA hai| rUpagosvAmin / 16vIM za0 meM hue haiM aura yaha baMgAla ke sudhAraka caitanya ke nikaTa ziSyoM meM se eka the| gaur3a ke bAdazAha allAuddIna husaina zAha ke darabAra meM yaha vaiSNava hone ke pahale kisI zAhI padapara niyata the| uparAMta yaha vaiSNavadharma ke utkaTa pracAraka huye aura tatsambandhI aneka graMtha inane likhe| haMsadUta meM gopiyoM ke dvArA haMsa ko dUta banAkara kRSNa jI ke pAsa bhejane kA varNana zikhariNI chaMdoM meM hai| inakI saMkhyA kisI prati meM 101 aura anyoM meM isase jyAdA milatI hai / (43) haMsa-saMdeza -zrIvaiSNavoM ke prasiddha AcArya aura prakhyAta vidvAn veGkaTeza kI kRti hai, jo vedAMtadezika athavA vedAntAcArya nAma se bhI paricita haiN| inane aneka viSayoM para saMskRta meM 121 graMtha race the| aura tAmila meM 24 graMtha alaga hI likhe the| haMsasaMdeza meM inane rAma-dvArA haMsa ko dUta banAkara laMkA meM sItAjI ke pAsa bhejane kA varNana kiyA hai| yaha do AzvAsoM meM pUrNa hai, jinameM kramazaH 60 aura 10 zloka haiN| (44) haMsasaMdeza-bhavAmanakRta / zApa pAye huye eka yakSa ne apanI patnI ko haMsa-dvArA jo saMdeza bhejA, usakA varNana hai| bhAva kAlidAsa jI ke meghadUta ke hI samAna hai| (45) haMsa-saMdeza-yaha saiddhAntika kAvya 110 zlokoM meM pUrNa hai| (J.R.A.S., 1884 p. 450). (46) haMsadUta- rghunaathdaas-kRt| (vaGga-sAhitya paricaya-DI0 sI0 sena, pR0 850) / (47) hRdayadUta-bhaTTa harihara kI racanA vasaMta tilakA chaMdoM meM haiN| (Weber,I, No. 571). 9 | Catalogue of Skt. Mss. in Mysore and Coorg, Rice, No. 2250, 2 | Haeberlin's Skt. Anthology, pp. 323 ff etc. 3 / Cf. Des. Catl. of Skt. Mss. in the Govtt. Skt. College, Ms. No. 162.) 4 / gavarnamenTa oriyanTala lAyabrarI, maisUra (1913) dvArA prakAzita / 5 / bhUmikA, haMsasaMdeza-maisUra eDIzana-pRSTha 6 / 6 / A Des. Catl. of Skt. Mss. in the Govt. Orient. Library, Madras. vol.XX, No. 11912.

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[ bhAga 2 hU~ 4 bhAskara (48) haMsadUta - kavIndrAcArya sarasvatI - kRta 40 zlokoM meM hai / ' inake atirikta dUtakAvya DhaMga ke kucha graMtha aura haiM parantu vaha hAla kI racanAyeM haiM, isaliye uparyukta lisTa meM unakI gaNanA nahIM kI gaI hai| ve bhArata ke vividha prAntoM ke kaviyoM dvArA I0 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima bhAga aura 20vIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM race gaye haiN| inameM se kinhIM kI racanA to bahuta hI U~ce darje kI hai 1 udAharaNarUpa meM baMgAla ke kRSNanAtha nyAyapaJcAnana ke vAtadUta' kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai; jisameM rAmadvArA sItA ko saMdeza bhejane kA varNana hai / isake bAda dvitIya zra eNI ke kAvyoM meM' yAdavacaMdra vidyAratna (saM0 1786) kA zukadUtam ' aura dudhIca brahmadeva zan kA pikasaMdeza kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai| pikasaMdeza meM eka koyala ne madhumakkhI ko dUta banAkara kavi ke pAsa bhejA hai aura usake dvArA bhArata kI vartamAna zocanIya dazA kA varNana kiyA hai| kAlidAsa jIke meghadUta ke samAna do anya racanAyeM tAjI huI haiM / meghapratisaMdeza meM yakSa kI strI ne usI megha ke hAthoM apanA saMdezA yakSa ko bhejA hai / aura vaha varNana bar3A hI sarasa aura manohArI hai| dUsare trailokyamohana guha niyogI kavikIrti ke meghadautya meM yakSI usI megha ke dvArA kubera ke pAsa yakSa ko mukta karane kA saMdeza mejatI hai, jise vaha anta meM mAna letA hai aura yakSa-yatI kA milApa ho jAtA hai / mandikala rAmazAstrI ke 5 6 dUtakAvya kA nikAsa dUtakAvyoM meM sarva-prAcIna kavivara kAlidAsa jI kA 'meghadUta' hai / kAlidAsajI ke kAvya kA . mukhya bhAva dUtarUpa meM eka ajIva vyakti dvArA eka premI kA apanI premikA ke prati premasaMdeza bhejanA hai / yahAM para yaha dhyAna meM rahe ki prAyaH dUtakAvyoM meM premiyoM dvArA kisI ajIva padArtha ke hAthoM apanA prama-saMdeza bhejane kA niyama mukhyatA se milatA hai / kAlidAsajI kI isa anokhI aura kavikalpanAmaya sUjha kA AdhAra, yadi koI thA, to vaha kyA thA; yaha mAlUma nahIM hai / to bhI aisI sUma ke cihna hameM kAlidAsa jI ke samaya se pahale avazya hI milate haiN| udAharaNataH 'Rgveda' (10 / 108) meM 'saramA' nAmaka kuro ko paNi logoM ke pAsa dUta banA kara bhejane kA ullekha hai / rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM bhI mUka pazuoM dvArA pra ema sandeza bhejane ke udAharaNa milate haiM / rAmane hanumAna ko, (jinako vaidikazAstroM meM pazujAti kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai) apanA dUta banAkara pAsa bhejA thA, jinake hAthoM sItAjI ne bhI apanA saMdezA rAmacaMdrajI ke pAsa pahuMcAyA / ( rAmAyaNa 4 / 44 va 5 / 40 ) ( mahAbhArata 3 / 5331 - 2 ) meM damayantI ne jo rAjA nala ke pAsa se kintu ina dUtoM ke sambandha Aye huye haMsa ke dvArA apanA saMdezA unako bhejA thA, usakA ullekha hai / meM itanI bAta avazya hai ki inako nirA mUka pazu hI nahIM mAnA gayA, kintu inake manuSya jaisI vAkzakti Adi kA honA vaidika zAstroM meM likhA hai / isa kAraNa unako dUta banAkara bhejane meM kavikalpanA kA kucha bhI cAmatkArika bhAva najara nahIM par3atA ! kintu itane para bhI yaha mAnanA kucha 1 / A classified List of Skt. Mss, in the Palace Library at Tanjore-- 2 / Calcutta, S. E. 1822. Burnell, p. 1637. 3 / Ryot's Friend Press. 4 / jhAlarApATana rAjakIya sarasvatI-bhavana dvArA prakAzita / 5 / jayAlaya pra esa maisUra (1423) / 6 / Sanyal & Co.. Calcutta, 1909.

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kiraNa 2] saMskRta meM dUtakAvya sAhitya kA nikAsa aura vikAsa anucita pratIta nahIM hotA ki kAlidAsa jI ina uparyukta ullekhoM se prabhAvita nahIM hue the| vaha svayaM isa prabhAva ko meghadUta ke 10veM zloka dvArA dhvanita karate mAlUma hote haiM, yathA:-"ityAkhyAte pavanatanayaM maithilIvonmukhI saa|" isase sApha prakaTa hai ki jisa samaya kAlidAsa jI meghadUta kI racanA kara rahe the, usa samaya unake netroM ke sAmane sItA jI dvArA hanumAna ko dUta banAkara saMdeza bhejane kI ghaTanA maujUda thii| mallinAtha ne apanI TIkA meM bhI eka aise kathAnaka kA ullekha kiyA hai| (sItAM prati rAmasya hanUmatsandezaM manasi nidhAya kaviH kRtavAn ityAhuH / ) inase bhI pahale ke meghadUta-TIkAkAra dakSiNAvartanAtha bhI isakA AdhAra isI taraha svIkAra karate haiM / / kintu uparyukta graMthoM ke atirikta bhI bhArata evaM bhAratetara dezoM meM kAlidAsa jI ke pahale ke race hue graMtha aura the, jinameM dUtakAvyoM jaise vicAroM kA sadbhAva thaa| jaise 'kAmavilApa-jAtaka' (naM. 267) meM Apatti meM phaMse huye eka puruSa-dvArA kauvvA ko dUta banA kara apanI strI ke pAsa bhejane kA ullekha milatA hai| cIna ke haskana (Hskin) (196-221 I0) nAmaka kavi ne bhI eka sthAna para eka bhadra mahilA-dvArA eka megha ko dUta niyata karake apane svAmI ke pAsa bhejane kA varNana kiyA hai| inane nAgArjuna ko 'prajJAmUla zAstraTIkA' kA anuvAda cInI bhASA meM kiyA thaa| sacamuca hameM yaha vidita nahIM ki kAlidAsajI ko isa cInI kavi ke uparyukta ullekhavAle graMtha kA patA thA yA nahIM, parantu yaha to nissaMdeha mAnanA par3atA hai ki ve rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata evaM jAtaka graMthoM se avazya paricita ho sake haiN| isa avasthA meM unane apane dUtakAvya ke mUlabhAva kA AdhAra ina graMthoM meM pAyA ho, to koI Azcarya nahIM ! sutarAM cInI kavi kI ukta kalpanA kisI rUpa meM kisI taraha se bhArata meM na AI ho aura usase vyakta athavA avyaktarUpa meM kAlidAsa jI ne lAbha na uThAyA ho, isake liye bhI prAmANikarUpa meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu ina bAtoM se kavi mahodaya kI dhavalakIrti meM kucha bhI baTTA nahIM A sakatA hai| kyoMki anya dezoM ke bar3e bar3e kaviyoM ne bhI jaise aMgreja-kavi zeksapIyara ne apane graMthoM ke liye 'plATa' (Plots) apane se prAcIna srotoM se grahaNa kiye the| svayaM kAlidAsa jI ko purANoM aura kAvyoM se apane anya graMtha jaise abhijJAna zakuntalam raghuvaMzam aura kumArasambhavam ke racane meM sahAyatA lenI par3I hai| kavi kA mahatva to usake varNanazailI, manuSyasvabhAva kI bhItarI paiTha aura pAtroM ke ThIka aura prabhAvazAlI cunAva para hI nirbhara hai| aura isa apekSA yadi yaha mAna bhI liyA jAya ki meghadUta ke racane meM kavi ko anya srota kA AdhAra lenA par3A thA, to bhI isa kAraNa bhAratIya kaviyoM meM unakA darjA kavisamrATa se sarvathA upayukta ThaharatA hai, meghadUta kAvya meM cAmatkArika kavitA ke kucha aise namUne maujUda haiM, jo purANoM meM nahIM milate haiM aura saMskRta dUtakAvyoM ke vaha pUrva AdhAra (Proto-ty pes) athavA namUne kahe jA sakate haiN| kinhIM kinhIM kA kahanA hai ki kAlidAsajI kI uparyukta sUjha kavi ghaTakara ke 'yamakakAvya' ko dekhakara hI udbhUta huI thii| yaha kavi kAlidAsa jI ke samakAlIna aura vikramAditya ke nau-ratnoM meM se eka batalAye jAte haiN| 'yamakakAvya' meM eka patnI kI viraha-gAthA ThIka 'meghadUta' ke DhaMga se varNita hai ki kaise pativiyoga ko na saha sakane ke kAraNa usane varSARtu ke Agamana para meghoM dvArA apanI virahakathA kA saMdeza apane pati ke pAsa bhejA thaa| (yamakakAvya zloka 8-13) kintu navaratnoMvAlI vyAkhthA kA AdhAra koI aitihAsika pramANa nahIM hai-isa kAraNa isa sambandha ko vizvasanIya siddha karanA jarA kaThina hai|

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6 6 kavi kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kI prakhyAti saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM kAlidAsajI ke 'meghadUta' kI navIna racanAzailI se eka nayA hI yuga khar3A ho gayA ! aura janatA ke citta ko bhI usane apanI ora AkarSita kara liyA / sacamanonyathA pradarzita karanevAle ataH svabhAvataH kAlidAsa ke isI vizada prakhyAti kA phala muca mi0 phA~ce sAhaba kA yaha (Elegiac) samUce sAhitya meM meghadUta kI prakhyAti vizeSarUpa thA ki bAda ke saca hai ki ina racanA nahIM hai / kahanA bilkula ThIka hai ki yUropa ke meghadUta kI sAnI koI nahIM rakhatA / meM prAcInakAla se ho calI thI / aneka kaviyoM ne unake isa dUtakAvya kI nakala kI thii| uparAnta ke upalabdha dUtakAvyoM meM yaha kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI koI bhI IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI se pahale kI para isakA artha yaha nahIM hotA ki isake pahale se meghadUta kI prakhyAti huI hI nahIM thii| AThavIM zatAbdI meM race huye jinasenAcArya ke 'pArzvAbhyudaya' meM' samasyApUrti kI apekSA samUcA meghadUta usameM otaprota hai / aba yadi jinasenAcArya ke samaya 'meghadUta' kI prakhyAti vizeSa na huI hotI to koI kAraNa nahIM thA ki vaha usakA samAveza apane kAvya meM karanA Avazyaka samajhate / uparAnta ke kaviyoM ne bhI apanI kRtiyoM meM isI prakAra 'meghadUta' kA samAveza kiyA hai / ataH isase meghadUta kI vizada prakhyAti kA honA spaSTa hai / tisapara siMhalIya aura tibbatIya mASAoM meM jo isake prAcIna anuvAda milate haiM, vaha bhI isakI bahu prakhyAti kI sAkSI hai / phira ekadama pacAsa TIkAkAroM ne apanI lekhanI ko isakA vikAsa karane meM prayukta kiyA, vaha bhI isI bAta kA dyotaka hai / Azcarya to yaha hai ki usa prAcInakAla se jo dhavalakIrti meghadUta kI rahI hai, vaha aba bhI bhArata evaM bhAratetara nivAsiyoM meM kama nahIM huI hai / bhAskara -- saMskRta meM dUtakAvyoM ke vikAsa kA itihAsa - saMskRta meM dUtakAvyoM ke vikAsa sambandhI itihAsa ke liye hameM' kAlidAsa ke kAvya kI sarva-prAcIna nakala se zrIgaNeza karanA cAhiye / aise upalabdha kAvyoM meM dhUSI kA 'pavanadUta' hI sarva prAcIna vidita hotA hai; yadyapi isakA kucha AbhAsa isase bhI prAcIna graMtha bhavabhUti ke mAlatImAdhava meM milatA hai (a0 ) / upalabdha dUtakAvyoM meM inase prAcIna koI graMtha ho yaha hameM mAlUma nahIM; kyoMki unameM se adhikAMza kA samaya anizcita hai / to bhI yaha nissaMdeha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki dho ke pahale bhI 'meghadUta' ko Adarza mAnakara usI ke DhaMga ke kAvya race gaye the, jo sarvathA lupta ho gaye yA kisI graMthabhAMDAra meM anveSaka kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiM / sAtavIM zatAbdI ke aMta athavA AThavIM ke prAraMbha meM hue kavi bhAmaha spaSTa rIti se aise kaviyoM kA, ullekha karate haiM jo megha, pavana, candramA, cakravAka, zuka Adi ajIba athavA mUka vyaktiyoM se apane kAvyoM meM dUta kA kArya karAte the / ( bhAmahAlaGkAra, 1142 - 44 ) ataH kavi bhAmaha ke samaya dUtakAvya hI zAyada kAlidAsa jI ke meghadUta ke prathama pratirUpaka kAvya the, yaha mAnanA kucha anucita nahIM dIkhatA / pro0 kItha ne meghadUta kA pratibhAsa vatsabhaTTi ke lekhoM meM aura DaoN0 halzaja ne veGkaTAdhvarina ke vizvaguNAdarza meM jo batalAyA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai / 1 / Dr. Bhan Daji's - Essay on Kalidasa, P. 7. 2 / Hultzsch, Preface to Meghaduta, p. VIII. 3 / klAsIkala saMskRta liTra ecara, pRSTha 36 / [ bhAga 2 4 / meghadUta, bhUmikA, pRSTha

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kiraNa 2] saMskRta meM dUtakAvya sAhitya kA nikAsa aura vikAsa uparAMta ke dUtakAvyoM me, jo prAyaH saba hI meghadUta ke AdhAra se race gae haiM, kAlidAsa se sahAyatA grahaNa karane ke cihna unameM pada pada para prakaTa hote haiN| yaha RNa yahAM taka hai ki meghadUta meM jo chaMda upayukta huA hai usI ko inameM apanAyA gayA hai| prAyaH eka do ko chor3akara zeSa saba dUtakAvya meghadUta ke 'mandAkrAntA' chaMda meM race gaye haiN| viSaya bhI prAyaH saba meM vahI hai jo meghadUta meM hai, arthAt eka premI kA apane premapAtra ko prema saMdeza bhejanA ! isake atirikta aneka zabda aura bhAva Adi bhI inameM vaise aura usI taraha vyakta hue milate haiM jaise meghadUta meM hai|' isa taraha yadyapi ina arvAcIna dUtakAvyoM meM meghadUta se samAnatA hai, parantu unameM yatra tatra vibhinnatA bhI milatI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jahA~ pahale ke kAvyoM meM calate huye bAdala aura pavana jaise ajIva padArthoM ko dUta banAyA jAtA thA aura jo eka cAmatkArika DhaMga thA, usakA sthAna dhIre dhIre pazuoM aura phira manuSyoM ko diyA jAne lgaa| (jaise zukasaMdeza va uddhava-saMdeza Adi meM) aura hada to 'bhakti' aura 'mana' Adi ko dUta kA kArya sauMpane meM huI hai (jaise manodUta aura bhaktidUtI meN)| aisI racanAyeM alaMkRtabhASA ke upAkhyAna ho gae haiN| dUtakAvya sAhityavikAsa meM sabase anokhI bAta jo dRSTigocara hotI hai, vaha isameM zAMti rasa ko samAvezita karane kI hai, jo saMbhavataH sarvaprathama jainoM ke pArvAbhyudaya-dvArA praviSTa huA hai| isa DhaMga para kitane hI kaviyoM ne dhArmika niyamoM aura tAvika siddhAntoM kA upadeza bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| (yathA zIladUta) kitane hI jaina kaviyoM ne dUtakAvyoM kI racanA ciTThiyoM kA kArya karane ke liye kI hai, jo 'vijJaptipatra' kahalAte haiM aura jinako unheM apane guruoM ke prati apane dharma-prabhAvanA ke kAryoM kA paricaya karAne ke liye likhane kI AvazyakatA par3atI thii| (jaise cetodUta, indradUta Adi) - inameM jo yaha navIna saMskAra kiye gaye the, inase sApha prakaTa hai ki sarvasAdhAraNa janatA meM ina dUtakAvya ko vizeSa Adara kA sthAna prApta thaa| aura yadi aisA na hotA to yaha saMbhava nahIM thA ki vividha dharmoM ke AcArya aura netA apane nIrasa dharmasiddhAntoM aura niyamoM kA pracAra karane ke liye isa sAhitya kA AdhAra DhUMr3hate ! isake atirikta eka aura bAta jo ina dUtakAvyoM ke pAThakoM kA dhyAna AkarSita karegI vaha yaha hai ki ina kAvyoM meM caritranAyaka vyakti purANavarNita mahApuruSa haiM, yathA hinduoM ke dUtakAvyoM meM rAma sItA, kRSNa rAdhA Adi haiM aura jainoM meM pArzvanAtha, nemikumAra, sthUlabhadra Adi haiN| hindU kaviyoM kA mana rAmasItA aura rAdhAkRSNa ke kathAnakoM meM behada pagA huA thA ki naladamayAtI jaise upayukta upAkhyAna unake mana ko na moha sake / baGgAlI kaviyoM meM se adhikAMza ne kRSNalIlA ko hI apanI priya vastu mAnI hai| rAmakRSNa ke kathAnakoM ko pradhAnatA dene kA kAraNa saMbhavataH vaiSNavasampradAya kA uparAnta bahujanamukta honA hI hogaa| kintu inameM kAlpanika evaM aiti. hAsika vyaktiyoM ko bhI prAyaH nahIM apanAyA gayA hai / bhASA meM dUtakAvya sAhitya--- dUtakAvya ne janatA kA mana anya saMskRta racanAoM kI apekSA vizeSa moha liyA thA, yaha bAta kevala ullikhita 'agaNita saMskRta dUtakAvyoM ke astitva se hI pramANita nahIM hai, pratyuta isa bAta se bhI hai ki nikaTa bhUtakAlIna bhASAkaviyoM ne mI isa prakAra kA sAhitya racanA Avazyaka samajhA thaa| 1 / cf. my edition of Pavanduta, Intro. pp. 13-4,

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 jaise ki siMhalIya bhASA meM aisI racanAyeM (mayUrasaMdeza, kokilasaMdeza Adi) bahuta batAI jAtI haiN| 17vIM zatAbdI ke narasiMhadAsa kA racA huA purAtana baMgalA bhASA meM bhI eka 'haMsadUta' milatA hai / isI nAma ke do aura kAvya mAdhavaguNAkara aura kRSNacaMdra ke haiN|' dUtakAvya ke sAhityavikAza meM jainakaviyoM kA hAtha dUtakAvyoM dvArA dhArmika evaM saiddhAntika tasvoM aura niyamoM kA pracAra karane kA sarvaprathama zreya saMbhavataH jaina kaviyoM ko hI hai| kyoMki pAThavIM zatAbdI jaise prAcIna samaya ke race hue zrIjinasenAcArya ke 'pArdhAbhyudaya' meM, jisameM ki jainadharma ke saMbhavataH sarvaprathama aitihAsika saMsthApaka zrIpAzrvanAtha jI kA jIvanacaritra aura unakI zikSA ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, samUcA kA samUcA meghadUta samasyApUrtirUpa meM samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai| hA~, aisA karane meM kavi ne kahIM kahIM kAlidAsa ke artha aura bhAva se vibhinna rUpa meM unakA vyavahAra kiyA hai| jaina kaviyoM kI aisI aura bhI racanAyeM, meghadUta ke AdhAra para racI gaI haiM, aura unameM unake racayitAoM ne saMskRta bhASA para apane pUrNa prAdhipasva ko prakaTa kiyA hai aura ve dUtakAvya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM mukhya sthAna ko grahaNa kiye huye haiN| zIladUta cetodUta, nemidUta aura meghadUta samasyApUrti ke aise jainakAvya haiM jinameM meghadUta ke pratyeka zloka kA antima caraNa samAvezita kiyA gayA hai| inameM bhI kAvyaracanA kI zreSThatA kA prabhAva nahIM hai| hAM, yaha avazya hai ki apane bhAva ko prakaTa karane ke liye, inako bhASA sarala aura madhura nahIM rahI hai| kintu unameM jo meghadUta ke caraNa maujUda haiM unase una graMthakartAoM ke samaya vaha jisa rUpa meM prApta thA usakA khAsA digdarzana hotA hai, jisase usakA asalI rUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| ___ jainiyoM ne jisa prakAra isa sAhitya ke dvArA dhArmika tatvoM ko prakAzita karane kA prAraMbhika udyoga kiyA, usI taraha usakA eka nayA rUpa bhI unake dvArA huaa| prAyaH saba hI jainakAvya hindUkAvyoM ke zRGgArAdi viSaya-poSaka rasoM ke viparIta zAnti aura bhakti rasa se paripUrNa haiN| isa sambandha meM unake ' 'vijJapti patroM ko' hameM nahIM bhulA denA cAhiye, jo paryuSaNaparva ke samaya jainasAdhuoM dvArA unake prAcAryoM ko likhI huI ciTThiyAM haiM aura jo dUtakAvyoM ke DhaMga para likhI gaI haiM (jaise cetodUta, meghadUtasamasyAlekha, indudUta aadi)| dUtakAvyoM se bhaugolika parijJAna kinhIM dUtakAvyoM meM dUta ko mArga batAne ke vivaraNa meM acche rUpa kA bhaugolika paricaya diyA huA milatA hai; yadyapi adhikAMza meM vaha prAyaH nAma mAtra ko hai| kintu jo kucha bhI hai vaha saMtoSaprada hai, kyoMki bhAratIya sAhitya meM isa viSaya kA prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara ullekha milatA hai| kAlidAsajIne rAmagiri se alakA taka kA jo bhaugolika varNana apane kAvya meM likhA hai, usake mahatva se prAyaH saba hI vidvAn paricita haiN| dhoyI kavi ke 'pavanadUta' meM malayaparvatAvalI se rAmA lakSmaNasena kI rAjadhAnI vijayanagara baMgAla) taka ke pradeza kA acchA varNana hai jisakA vivecana 1 / Prof. Geiger, Litteratur und sprache der Singhalessen pp. 9-17. 2 / Ceylon Antiquary, vol. III. pp. 13 ff, 3 / baGgIya sohitya-paricaya pRSTha 850-60 / 4 / hisTrI Apha baMgAlI bengveja eNDa liTrecara pRSTha 225 /

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kiraNa 2] saMskRta meM dUtakAvya sAhitya kA nikAsa aura vikAsa bhI kaI bAra ho cukA hai| (J.A.S.B., 1905, Vol. I, pp. 43-5, & Intro. to my edition of Pavanduta, pp. 19-26). vedAntadezika ke haMsasaMdeza meM mAlyavata parvata se laGkA taka ke mArga kA paricaya khUba karAyA gayA hai| lakSmIdAsa ke zukasaMdeza meM rAmezvaram aura guNapura ke madhyavartI nagaroM, grAmoM, maMdiroM Adi kA manoraMjaka varNana hai| isI taraha meghadUtasamasyAlekha meM auraMgAbAda se dvIpapurI (dIva-vandara; gujarAta) taka ke rAste kA bar3A hI sUkSma paraMtu vizada vivaraNa milatA hai| vinayavijayagaNi ke 'indudUta' meM yoddhApura (jodhapura) se sUrata taka kA mArga batAyA gayA hai| ina antima do jainakAyoM ke varNana kA mahattva mArga meM ke agaNita jainamaMdiroM aura tIrthasthAnoM ke ullekhoM ke kAraNa bahuta bar3ha gayA hai| kintu Azcarya hai ki baGgAlI kaviyoM dvArA likhe hue kRSNasambandhI dUtakAvyoM meM isa viSaya kA kucha bhI varNana nahIM hai| unake graMthoM meM vRndAvana vA mathurA kA kucha bhI bhaugolika varNana nahIM likhA hai| noTa-yaha mahatvazAlI sAhityika lekha mUla meM aMgrejo ke prasiddhapatra "dI inDiyana hisTaoNrIkala kvATalI" (bhAga 3 aMka 2 pRSTha 273-267) meM prakaTa huA hai| usI kA yaha hindI anuvAda pAThakoM ke lAbhArtha sadhanyavAda upasthita hai| sacamuca kavi kAlidAsa jI ke 'meghadUta' Adarza ne bhArata meM eka svataMtra dUtakAvya sAhitya kI sRSTi karA dI hai, jisakA mahatva uparyukta lekha se prakaTa hai| hindI-bhASA meM bhI aise kAvyoM kA prabhAva nahIM hai| DhUMr3hane se usameM isa TAyapa kI maulika racanAyeM bhI mila jAyagI-vaise kAlidAsajI ke meghadUta kA padyamaya anuvAda to ho hI cukA hai| jainakaviyoM ne bhI isa sAhitya ko unnata banAne meM bahuta kucha kArya kiyA hai, yaha hamAre liye gaurava kI bAta hai| ayasAgara upAdhyAya kI 'vijJaptitriveNI.' bhI eka vijJaptipatrarUpa kA kAvya hai, jise sindhadeza ke malakavAhaNa sthAna se aNahilapurapATana ko likhA gayA thaa| isameM bhI bhaugolika varNana acchA haiM parantu yaha zAyada 'dUtakAvya' ke DhaMga kA nahIM hai| -saM.

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pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra kI samIkSA ( le 0 -- paMDita vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya, nyAmatIrtha, sAhitya-zAstrI ) > ( kramAgata) pAThaka dekheMge ki isameM upanaya, nigamana kA kitanA bhovapUrNa samAveza kara ke unakI anumAnAGgatA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yahAM para inakA uddeza ho jAne ke kAraNa inake lakSaNa sUtroM kI bhI saMgati ho jAtI hai| sUtra naM0 37 meM "nodAharaNam" ke sthAna meM "nodAharaNAdikam" aisA pATha nahIM rakhane kA bhI gaMbhIra Azaya hai / eka to isa sUtra ke pahile kisI bhI sUtra meM upanaya, nigamana kA kathana nahIM hai / isaliye Adi zabda se unakA anusaMdhAna hI nahIM ho sakatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yahAM para Adi zabda kA pATha karane se usake Age ke sUtra naM0 38 meM " tat" pada se "udAharaNAdikam " isakA anusaMdhAna hotA, jo ki aniSTa thA kAraNa ki upanaya aura nigamana kA prayojana sAdhyapratipatti nahIM, kintu udAharaNa ke prayoga se pakSa meM sAdhya aura sAdhana ke sadbhAva ke viSaya meM utpanna hue saMdeha ko dUra karanA hai| aisI hAlata meM sUtra naM0 38 meM " tat" pada ke sthAna meM "udAharaNam" aisA pATha karanA par3atA tathA Age sUtroM meM kisI prakAra kA parivartana ho nahIM sakatA thA jisase sUtroM meM gaurava hotA, isaliye sUtra naM0 37 meM 'udAharaNam' aisA pATha hI parIkSAmukha meM kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM sUtroM meM isI taraha kI laghutA, saMbaddhatA Adi kA dhyAna rakhanA granthakarttA kA parama karttavya hotA hai / pAThaka dekheMge ki inakA dhyAna prAmANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra meM kahAM taka rakhA gayA hai| yoM to isa grantha meM nirarthaka padoM kA bahuta sthAnoM para prayoga kiyA gayA hai, lekina kahIM kahIM para to padoM kI nirarthakatA kA spaSTa anubhava hotA haiM / sAdhyenAviruddhAnAM vyApyakAryakAraNapUrvacarottaracarasahacarANAmupalabdhiH // 66-3 // pra0 na0 tasvA0 / isameM viruddhopalabdhi hetu ke vyApya, kArya, kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara ina chaH bhedoM kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai| sUtra naM0 70 meM kAraNa hetu kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / sUtra naM0 71 isa prakAra hai| 1 pUrvacarottaracarayorna svabhAvakAryakAraNabhAvau tayoH kAlavyahitAvanupalambhAt // 71-3 pra0 na0 tasvA0 /

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bhAskara O zrI RSabhadeva (utkalIya kalA ) yaha citra 1ma kiraNa meM prakAzita "jaina-mUrttiyA~ " lekha se sambaddha hai| 100 THE S. P. W.. ARRAH. Kof

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kiraNa 2 ] pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra kI samIkSA isameM pUrvacara uttaracara hetuoM kA svabhAva, kArya, kAraNa hetuoM meM antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai isaliye inako svataMtra svIkAra karanA cAhiye, isa bAta kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| sUtra naM0 72, 73, 74, 75 meM isI kI puSTi kI gayI hai| sUtra naM0 76 isa prakAra hai sahacAriNoH parasparasvarUpatyAgena tAdAtmyAnupapatteH, sahotpAdena tadutpattivipattezva, sahacarahetorapi proktaSu nAnupravezaH // 76-3 // ___ isa sUtra meM "sahacarahetorapi proktaSu nAnupravezaH" itanA aMza bilkula nirarthaka hI hai, kAraNa ki jisa prakAra sUtra naM. 71 meM "pUrvacarottaracarayoH svabhAvakAryakAraNeSu nAnupravezaH" isakA anusaMdhAna granthakartA ko bAhira se karanA par3atA hai, usI prakAra yahAM para bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bAta nahIM hai, ki sUtra naM0 71 meM isa pada kA anusaMdhAna hI na kareMge, kAraNa ki isa pada kA anusaMdhAna nahIM karane se sUtra naM071 kA itanA hI artha hotA hai ki "pUrvacara aura uttaracara meM svabhAva athavA kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM hai kyoMki svabhAva aura kAryakAraNabhAva kAla kA vyavadhAna hone para nahIM dekhe jAte haiN| lekina itane mAtra artha se AkAMkSA kI nivRtti nahIM hotI, kintu "isaliye pUrvacara aura uttaracara hetuoM kA svabhAva, kArya, kAraNa hetuoM meM antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai" itanA aza usa artha ke sAtha saMbaddha karane se hI vAkyArtha pUrA hotA hai| itanA avazya hai ki yaha artha tAtparya se nikala hI AtA hai isaliye isake bodhaka vAkya kA sUtra meM pATha karane kI z2arUrata nahIM hai| isI prakAra sUtra naM0 76 meM bhI pUrvokta aMzake pATha karane kI bhAvazyakatA nahIM hai| ___ yahAM para "proktaSu" pada asaMbaddha bhI hai| yaha pada pahile kahe hue kA anusaMdhApaka hotA hai| yahAM para isa pada se "svabhAvakAryakAraNeSu" isa pada kA anusaMdhAna abhISTa hai| TIkAkAra ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM yahI artha "prokteSu" pada kA kiyA bhI hai, lekina isa sUtra ke pahile kisI bhI sUtra meM "svabhAvakAryakAraNeSu" yaha pada nahIM par3hA gayA hai jisase ki "prokteSu" pada se usakA anusaMdhAna kiyA jA ske| isaliye "sahacarahetorapi prokteSu nAnupravezaH' isa aMza ko pRthak karane se hI sUtra saMgata ho sakatA hai| yaha Avazyaka hai ki isa aMza ke nikala jAne se sUtra meM "sahacAriNoH" pada ke Age api zabda apekSita ho jAtA hai jo ki sUtra naM0 71 meM kahe hue "na svabhAvakAryakAraNabhAvau" isa pada kA donoM sUtroM meM anvita hone kA bodha karAtA hai, isa taraha se sUtra kA svarUpa nimna prakAra ho jAtA haiN| ___sahacAriNorapi parasparasvarUpaparityAgena tAdAtmyAnupapatteH sahotpAdena tadutpattivipattazca // 76-3 //

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 isameM sUtra naM0 71 se "na svabhAvakAryakAraNabhAvau" pada kI anuvRpti lAkara anta maiM usakA saMbandha karane se sUtra se saMgata artha kI pratIti hone lagatI hai / isa sUtra meM " tadutpattivipattezva" isa aMza meM vipatti zabda kA pATha kara ke bhI granthakAra ne artha ko kaThina banA diyA hai| yahAM para vipatti zabda kA artha abhAva ho abhISTa hai jisase pUrNa pada kA artha hotA hai - tadutpatirUpa saMbandha kA abhAva ! lekina isa artha ke samajhane meM avazya hI kaThanAI kA anubhava hotA hai| parIkSAmukha meM isake sthAna meM yaha sUtra pAyA jAtA hai| 72 sahacAriNorapi parasparaparihAreNAvasthAnAtsahotpAdAcca // 64-3 // . SaSTha pariccheda meM pramANa aura usake phala kI bhedAbheda-vyavasthA siddha karate hue pramANa aura phala kI vyavasthA kalpanAmAtra nahIM, kintu vAstavika hai isa Azaya ko pranthakAra ne isa prakAra prakaTa kiyA hai / saMvRtyA pramANaphalavyavahAra ityaprAmANikapralApaH paramArthataH svAbhimatasiddhivirodhAt // 21-6 // tataH pAramArthika eva pramANaphalavyavahAraH sakalapuruSArthasiddhihetuH svIkarttavyaH // 22-6 // inameM naM0 22 kA sUtra bilkula nirarthaka hai kAraNa ki usakA artha to naM0 21 ke sUtra kA tAtparya hI hai| ina saba bAtoM ke dekhane se yaha dhAraNA hotI hai ki yaha grantha sUtra samudAya nahIM kintu vAkyoM kA hI samudAya hai / saptabhaMgoM ke ullekhoM meM bhUla / saptabhaMgI prakaraNa meM saptabhaGgoM kA ullekha granthakAra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai(1) syAdastyeva sarvamiti vidhikalpanayA prathamo bhaGgaH // 15-4 // (2) syAnnAstyeva sarvamiti niSedhakalpanayA dvitIyaH // 16-4 // (3) syAdastyeva syAnnAstyeveti kramato vidhiniSedhakalpanayA tRtIyaH // 17- 4 // (4) syAdavaktavyameveti yugapadvidhiniSedhakalpanayA caturthaH // 18-4 // (5) syAdastyeva syAdavaktavyameveti vidhikalpanayA yugapadvidhi niSedhakalpanayA ca paJcamaH // 164 // (6) syAnnAstyeva syAdavaktavyameveti niSedhakalpanayA yugapadvidhiniSedha kalpanayA ca SaSThaH // 20-4 //

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kiraNa 2 ] 73 pramANanayatatvAlokAlaMkAra kI samIkSA (7) syAdastyeva syAnnAstyeva syAdavaktavyameveti kramato vidhiniSedhakalpanayA yugapadvidhiniSedhakalpanayA ca saptamaH // 21 - 4 // pra0 na0 tatvA // ina aMgoM meM tRtIya, paJcama, SaSTha aura saptama vicArane yogya haiM / isake pahile yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki ye sAta bhaMga kyoM hote haiM ? (1) vaktA kI sAta prakAra se vastu ke kahane kI icchA hotI hai isaliye vaha ina sAta vAkyoM kA prayoga karatA hai / (2) usakI sAta prakAra se vastu ke kahane kI icchA isaliye hotI hai ki jijJAsu usase sAta prakAra ke prazna karatA hai / (3) jijJAsu sAta prakAra ke prazna isaliye karatA hai ki use sAta prakAra se vastu ke jAne kI icchA hotI hai / (4) usako sAta prakAra se vastu ko jAnane kI icchA isaliye hotI hai ki vastu meM use sAta prakAra kA saMdeha paidA hotA hai / (5) sAta prakAra kA saMdeha isaliye hotA hai ki vastu meM pratyeka paryAya kI apekSA vidhi - niSedha rUpa sAta prakAra ke dharma pAye jAte haiN| meM ke sAta prakAra ke dharma hI kAraNa haiM / vastu kA prayoga hotA hai / 1 isa prakAra paramparA se sAta bhaMgoM eka eka dharma kI vivakSA meM eka eka vAkya jaba svarUpa se sattva dharma kI pradhAnatA se vastu ke kahane kI icchA hotI hai taba "syAdastyeva sarvam" yaha prathama bhaMga hotA hai / jaba pararUpa se asatva dharma kI pradhAnatA se vastu ke kahane kI icchA hotI hai taba "syAnnAstyeva sarvam" yaha dUsarA bhaMga hotA hai| jaba kramArpita svarUpa pararUpa se astitva nAstitva rUpa tIsare dharma kI pradhAnatA se vastu ke kahane kI icchA hotI hai taba "syAdasti nAstyeva sarvam" yaha tIsarA bhaMga hotA hai / isa bhaMga meM astitva nAstitva donoM dharmavAcya rahate haiM isaliye pahile, dUsare bhaMgoM se isameM bheda hotA hai / kAraNa ki pahile bhaMga meM kevala astitva vAcya rahatA hai, dUsare bhaMga meM kevala nAstitva vAcya rahatA hai; itanA avazya hai ki tIsare meM ye donoM dharma svataMtra anubhUyamAna nahIM hote haiM kintu samUharUpa se hI inakA anubhava hotA hai| jisa prakAra bAdAma, lAyacI, mirca, zakkara Adi dravyoM se taiyAra kiye hue pAnaka meM ina saba kA samUha rUpa se anubhava hotA hai isaliye' vAdAma, lAyacI, mirca, zakkara Adi kI apekSA saba kA mizraNarUpa pAnaka svataMtra eka vastu loka-prasiddha hai, usI prakAra pratyeka astitva, nAstitva kI apekSA donoM kA samUha bhI eka svataMtra dharma siddha hotA hai / isako astitvaviziSTa nAstitva yA nAstitvaviziSTa

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74 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 astitva kaha sakate haiN| isakI pradhAnatA se jaba vastu ke kahane kI icchA hotI hai taba "syAdasti nAstyeva sarvam" yA "syAnnAstyastyeva sarvam" isa prakAra tIsarA bhaMga honA caahiye| granthakAra ne jo isake sthAna meM "syAdastyeva syAnnAstyeva sarvam" isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai isameM unakA abhiprAya kyA thA so nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kAraNa ki isa bhaMga meM do jagaha syAt aura eva zabdoM kA kathana karane se "syAdastyeva" tathA "syAnnAstyeva" inase astitva, nAstitva donoM dharma bhinna bhinna pratIta hone lage haiM, lekina isa taraha kI yaha pratIti pahile aura dUsare bhaMga se hotI hai isaliye tIsare bhaMga kI isa avasthA meM koI sArthakatA nahIM raha jAtI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaba tRtIya bhaMga meM kramApitobhaya-rUpa dharma hI vAcya rahatA hai taba donoM kI bhinna bhinna pratIti karAne vAlA aisA ullekha hA bhI nahIM sakatA hai isaliye tIsare bhaMga kA svarUpa "syAdasti nAstyeva sarvam" yA 'syAnnAstyastyeva sarvam' aisA hI honA caahiye| isI prakAra paJcama, SaSTha aura saptama dharma bhI apane apane rUpa meM eka haiM isaliye unameM bhI eka eka hI syAt aura eva pada honA cAhiye, anyathA una bhaMgoM kA prayoga bhI nirarthaka siddha hogA, kAraNa isa taraha se pUrvoktAnusAra ve bhI punarukta siddha ho jAte haiM / - isI prakAra isa grantha meM sthAna sthAna para bahuta viSaya samAlocya haiM, lekha bar3ha jAne ke bhaya se isa samAlocanA ko yahIM samApta karatA huuN| phira kabhI dUsare lekha-dvArA vizeSa prakAza DAlane kI ceSTA kI jaaygii| granthakAra / isa grantha ke racayitA zvetAmbarAcArya zrIvAdideva sUri haiN| ye vikrama kI vArahavIM sadI ke vidvAn mAne gaye haiM isaliye isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki ye parIkSAmukha ke kartA zrImANikyanandI se bahuta pIche ke vidvAn haiM / kAraNa ki zrImANikyanandI kA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM sadI mAnA gayA hai| inake viSaya meM zvetAmbara granthoM ko mAnyatA yaha hai ki inhoMne diganvarAcArya una kumudacandra ko zAstrArtha meM vijita kiyA thA jinhoMne 84 zAstrArthoM meM vijaya prApta kI thI jaisA ki nimna padya se prakaTa hotA hai| yenArditazcaturazItisuvAdilIlAlabdhollasajayaramAmadakelizAlI // vAdAvahe kumudacandradigambarendraH zrIsiddhabhUmipatisaMsadi pattane'smin // 74 // ___ (gurvAvalyA zrImunisundarasUrayaH ) arthAt-jina zrIvAdideva sUri ne caurAsI zAstrArthoM meM vijaya prApta karane vAle digambarAcArya zrIkumudacandra ko zAstrArtha meM parAsta kiyaa| zrIvAdideva sUri ke viSaya meM

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75 kiraNa 2 ] kavivara zrIjinasenAcArya aura pAzvabhyudaya zvetAmbara granthoM meM isI taraha ke aneka ullekha prazaMsApUraka pAye jAte haiM, una saba ke likhane kA yaha sthAna nahIM hai itanA avazya hai ki ye digambarAcArya kumudacandra kauna the ? inakI guruparaMparA vA ziSyaparaMparA kyA thI ? isakA ullekha digambara granthoM meM abhI taka kI khoja se nahIM milA hai| yadi vAstava meM ye AcArya caurAsI zAstrArthoM ke vijetA the to avazya hI inakI kIrti mahatvazAlI granthoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahanA cAhiye thii| lekina pramANanayattattvAlAkAlaMkAra ko dekhate hue zvetAmbara granthoM ke uparyukta kathana para sahasA vizvAsa nahIM hotA hai / jo ho, isa viSaya para avazya hI vidvAnoM ko prakAza DAlanA cAhiye / zrIvAdideva sUri kA grantha syAdvAda - ratnAkara bhI hai jo ki pramANanayatattvAlAkAlaMkAra kI TIkA hai / isake viSaya meM bhI yaha prasiddhi hai ki yaha grantha caurAsI hajAra zloka pramANa hai, lekina prakAzita grantha ko dekhane se isakI cauthAI hone meM bhI saMdeha hai| yaha grantha pAMca bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA hai / ho sakatA hai ki AcArya kA mahattva dikhalAne ke liye unase pIche ke vidvAnoM kI yaha kalpanA mAtra ho / isakI bhI khoja bahuta Avazyaka hai / kavivara zrIjinasenAcArya aura pArzvAbhyudaya ( le - tripAThI bhairava dayAlu zAstrI, bI0 e0, sAhityopAdhyAya ) samaya aura samAja kisI bhI vyaktivizeSa kI kRtiyoM ke sAdhana kA asAdhAraNa ata 1 Aga kI cinagArI cAhe asIma bhasmacaya ke antargarbha meM hI kyoM na chipI ho, sAmayika vAyu apanI apratihata pragati se bhasmacaya ko ur3Akara use bAhara nikAla lAtI hai, aura samAja usameM uddIpaka sAdhanoM kI Ahuti dekara use prajvalita kara detA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaiyaktika vikAsa meM samaya aura samAja kA vizeSa hAtha rahatA hai / phira, rAjasattA ke anurAga aura protsAhana to usake jIvana ke mUla srota haiM hii| isIliye AlocakoM kI tIkSNa dRSTi puruSa - vizeSa para gar3ane ke pahale samaya, samAja aura zAsana kI tatkAlIna pravRttiyoM para par3atI hai / astu, sahRdaya pAThakavRnda ! abhISTa viSaya para pahuMcane ke pUrva apane mahAkavi ke samaya aura samAja kA yat kiJcit ullekha kara denA mujhe paramAvazyaka pratIta, par3atA hai, kyoMki kAryyaM jisa vAtAvaraNa meM kiye jAte haiM usase ve pUrNa prabhAvita hote haiM /

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 Aiye pAThaka ! aba hama apane durdharSa mahAkavi aura unakI Asurabhita kRti pArthyAbhyudaya kI carcA kreN| jina dinoM rASTrakUTa-baMzIya mahArAja prathama amoghavarSa karNATaka aura mahArASTra ke saMyukta rASTra para zAsana kara rahe the, unhIM dinoM mahAkavi zrIjinasenAcArya ne apane amara kAvya zrIpArthyAbhyudaya kI racanA kii| AcArya vIrasena hamAre mahAkavi aura unake sahapAThI vinayasena ke guru the| 'satsaMgatiH kathaya kinna karoti puNsaam| ke anusAra inhIM mahApuruSa zrIvinayasenAcAryA kI abhyarthanA evaM anunaya-vinaya se samu. tsAhita ho zrIjinasena ne pArvAbhyudaya ko saGkalita kiyaa| yaha ghaTanA jaina samAja ke itihAsa meM koI nayI bAta nahIM hai| saMskRta-sAhitya kI prAyaH sArI zAkhAyeM jainAcAryo ko upakRtiyoM ke RNabhAra se ladI haiN| hemacandrAdi koSa, vAgbhaTTAdi alaGkAragrantha, syAdvAdamaMjarI Adi darzana, agaNita kAvyagrantha, zAkaTAyana evaM hemacandrAnuzAsana Adi vyAkaraNa grantha, aneka nIti evaM agaNita-zataka grantha ityAdi isa bAta kI satyatA ke jvalanta udAharaNa haiN| mahArAja zrIamoghavarSa ne bhI apanI racanAoM ke dvArA sAhitya kI analpa sevA kI hai| aisA suSamAmaya vAtAvaraNa, aise sAhityasevo kavi aura kAvya ke prANa narapati, aise vidyAvinodI bandhu kyA kabhI niSphala jA sakate haiM ? pArvAbhyudaya kI racanA kavi ne 736 zakAbda meM kI thii| isameM unhoMne mahAkavi kAlidAsa-kRta khaNDa kAvya meghadUta ke zlokoM ke eka eka yA do do caraNoM ko lekara samasyApUrti kI hai| isa sambandha meM TIkAkAra zrI yogirAT paNDitAcArya kA kathana hai ki mahArAja amoghavarSa kI sabhA meM kAlidAsa ne apane meghadUta ko upasthita kiyaa| jinasenAcArya rAjapaNDita the| unhoMne zlokoM ko prAcIna aura pUrva-racita udghoSita kiyA, aura apanI bAta ko pramANita karane ke liye hI jinasenAcArya ne pArkhAbhyudaya ko raca ddaalaa| jAna par3atA hai TIkAkAra ne bhAjaprabandha meM varNita kathAoM kI chAyA lekara ho, athavA anya ke mahattva ko sUcita karane ke liye hI aisI korI kalpanA kara DAlI hai / yogirAT ne zakAbda 1321 ke uparAnta hI pAzrvAbhyudaya kI TIkA banAyI hai, kyoMki TIkA meM samuddhRta nAnArtharatnamAlA kA nirmANa 1321 zakAbda meM huA thaa| jainakavi zrIravikIrti ke 556 zakAbda ke lekha meM kAlidAsa kA varNana hai| ataH kAlidAsa aura jinasenAcArya kI samakAlInatA kI TIkAkAra kI kalpanA sarvathA nirmUla hai| jo ho, kavi ne kAlidAsa ke meghadUta ko apane samasyA-jAla meM ugrathita kara apanI apratima pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| meghadUta kA nAyaka yakSa apanI proSitapatikA patnI ke pAsa megha ke dvArA apanA sandeza bhijavAtA hai, ataH usa kAvya meM vipralambha zRGgAra kI saritA ekAkinI pravAhita hotI hai| zRGgAra rasa se otaprota zlokAM ke caraNoM ko teisaveM tIrthaGkara zrIpArzvanAtha

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77 kiraNa 2] kavivara zrIjinasenAcArya aura pAmyuidaya jI kI paurANikI vArtA ke sAMce meM DhAlane kA prayAsa kavi ke adbhuta utkarSa ko udyotita karatA hai| yakSa ne apane svAmI kubera kI AjJA ke pAlana meM anavadhAnatA kI thI isI kAraNa use alakApurI se varSabhara ke liye nirvAsita kiyA gayA thaa| ATha mahIne kA samaya kATa cukane para use ASAr3ha ke prArambha meM megha kA darzana hotA hai aura usake cirasaJcita patnIprema ke sAgara meM tUphAna uTha AtA hai| isIliye vivaza ho prema meM unmatta hokara vaha acetana megha ko cetana samajha use dUta banAkara patnI ke pAsa bhejatA hai| megha ko vaha dIna yakSa rAmagiri se alakApurI jAne kA rAstA dikhAtA hai aura mArga meM par3ane vAle nagaroM, vanoM, parvatoM evaM nadiyoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt use apanA sandeza sunAtA hai| apane varNanoM meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne apanI svabhAvasiddha vaidarbhI rIti kA Azraya liyA hai, evaM apane iSTa zRGgAra rasa kA sthAna-sthAna para inhoMne adbhuta prasphuTita rUpa dikhAyA hai| ___ aba hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki kavivara jinasenAcArya ne kisa prakAra zrIpArzvanAtha kI paurANika kathA meM zRGgAra kA samAveza kiyA, aura kina kina sthaloM para apane iSTa sAdhana ke liye unhoMne ukta kathA meM ghaTAva, bar3hAva yA parivartana kiye haiM, tathA apane mahAkAvya kI racanA meM sAhityika dRSTi se unhoMne kahA~ taka saphalatA pAyI hai| parantu itane bar3e kArya ko eka choTe se lekha meM samAviSTa karanA utanA hI asambhava hai jitanA gAgara meM sAgara kA bhrnaa| tathApi hama 'sthAlIpulAka nyAya' kA Azraya lekara kucha na kucha apane priya pAThakoM kI utsukatA kA samAdhAna karanA Avazyaka samajhate haiN| mahArAja aravinda ke zAsanakAla meM kamaTha aura marubhUti nAmaka do sahodara bhAI rAja-darabAra kA alaGkRta karate the| eka samaya marubhUti mahArAja ke sAtha yuddhasthala ko gayA thaa| isa avasara para bar3e bhAI kamaTha ne bhrAtR-patnI vasundharA ke rUpa para Asakta ho apanI patnI ke dvArA use vaza meM kara liyaa| yuddha se lauTate hI mahArAja ne isa atyAcAra kA patA pA kamaTha ko ciranirvAsana kA daNDa de nagara se nikAla diyaa| kamaTha ise apane choTe bhAI kI cAla samajha vana meM jAkara vairazodha ke liye tapasyA karane lgaa| zIlavAn marubhUti kA hRdaya bar3e bhAI kI isa duravasthA para pasIja gayA, aura vaha usa se kSamA mAMgane ko vana meM jA usake caraNoM para gira pdd'aa| krodhAndha kamaTha ne eka bhArI caTTAna se use de maaraa| vahI marubhUti kisI dUsare janma meM tIrthaGkara zrIpArzvanAtha kA avatAra dhAraNa kara kAzI meM tapasyA kara rahA thaa| kamaTha bhI deha tyAga kara zambara ke rUpa meM avatIrNa huA; isI sthala se pArthyAbhyudaya ke kathAnaka kA Arambha hotA hai| jinasenAcArya ne zambara ko meghadUta kA yakSa banAyA hai aura usake AjIvana nirvAsana ko kevala varSa bhara kA daNDa batAkara unhoMne samasyA-pUrti kI kaThinAiyoM ko sarala kiyA hai|

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 kAlidAsa ne mandAkrAntA chanda meM apane kAvya ko likhA hai| ataH hamAre kavi ko bhI vahI chanda lenA pdd'aa| inakI rIti bhI prAyaH kAlidAsa kI hI rIti hai, aura donoM hI kAvyoM meM prasAda guNa bhI haiN| parantu kAvya kI AtmA rasa hai, isa ke sambandha meM donoM hI do viruddha dizAoM meM calane vAle haiN| kAlidAsa rasarajju kI eka chora zRGgAra kA tAne baiThe haiM, aura jinasenAcArya usako dUsarI chora kI raudra, vIra evaM zAnta kI tIna pradhAna gAMThoM ko liye akar3e haiN| isI ulajhana ke sulajhAne meM jinasena jI ne apanI adbhuta bhAva-pravaNatA kA paricaya diyA hai| "tasya sthitvA kathamapi puraH kautukAdhAnahetoH" isa caraNa meM kAlidAsa ne viyogI yakSa kI viraha-vedanA kA sajIva citra khIMcA hai| vaha yakSa acetana megha ko cetana mAna usake Age hAtha jor3e khar3A hokara apanI mohAvasthA ko prakaTita karatA hai| usakI viraha-vedanA itanI bar3hI hai ki vaha khar3A hone meM asamartha pratIta hotA hai| aba dekhiye hamArA kavi isa caraNa ko lekara kaisI racanA karatA hai so'sau jAlmaH kapaTahRdayo daityapAzaH hatAzaH smRtvA vairaM munimapaghRNo hantukAmo nikAmam / krodhAtsphurjan navajalamucaH kAlimAnaM dadhAna "stasya sthitvA kathamapi puraH kautukAdhAnahetoH // " kitanA mahAn antara hai| sinemA ke citrapaTa para jisa prakAra eka saumyamUrti sahasA vilIna ho jAtI hai aura usake sthAna para tatkAla hI dUsarI bhayAnaka rudramUrti khar3I ho jAtI hai, ThIka usI prakAra kAlidAsa kA viyogakA mArA yakSa gAyaba ho jAtA hai aura krodha se kAMpatA, kuTila, kapaTa kI mUrti zambara rudrarUpa meM prakaTa ho jAtA hai| dhanyavAda ! isa anUpa parivartana kI kalA ko| jinasenajI kA yakSa "dhUmajyotiHsalilamarutAM sannipAtaH kva meghH|" / aise nirjIva megha ke Age nahIM, varan dhyAnastha "antarnirundhan" bhikSu pArzvanAtha ke Age verabhAva se jalatA khar3A hai| jarA AMkar3e lagA kara dekhiye to patA calegA ki jinasenAcArya ne kitanI gaharI DubbI lagAyI hai| kAlidAsa ke megha kI acetanatA yahAM bhI lAyI gayI hai, aura use lAkara yogI kA mahAn upakAra kiyA gayA hai| muni ko daitya kI gAliyAM nahIM sunanI par3IM, evaM usakI tarjanA unheM vicalita karane meM asamartha ho jAtI hai| jinasena jI ke vicitra parivartana ke AzcaryakArI AyAsa kA eka aura namUnA lIjiye"kAmArtA hi prkRtikRpnnaashcetnaacetnessu|" (sazeSa)

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prazasti-saMgraha (sampAdaka-ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI) (gatAMka se Age) syAdvAdAkAzapUrNenduvyAmbhoruhabhAnumAn / dayAguNasudhAmbhodhirdharmaH pAyAdihAhatAm // 5 // ahiNsaasuunRtaasteybrhmcryaaprigrhaaH| sarvapApaprazamanaM vaddhatAM jinazAsanam // 6 // pazcakalyANasampUrNAH pnycmjhaanbhaasuraaH|| naH paJca guravaH pAntu paJcamIgatisAdhakA // 7 // vRSabhAdImahaM varddhamAnAntAn jinapuGgavAn / caturviMzatitIrthezAn stuve trailokyapUjitAn // 8 // vande vRSabhasenAdigaNinA gautamAntimAn / zrutakevalinaH sUrIn mUlottaraguNAnvitAn // 6 // anuyogacatuSkAdijinAgamavizAradAn / jAtarUpadharAMstoSye kavivRndArakAn gurun // 10 // arhadAdInabhISTArthasiddhaya zuddhitrayAnvitaH / ityanantaguNopetAn dhyAtvA stutvA praNamya ca // 11 // shriimtsmntbhdraadiguruprvkrmaagtH| zAstrAvatArasambandhaH prathamaM pratipAdyate // 12 // purA, vRSabhasenena gaNinA vRssbhaarhtH| anagAryobhyadhAyyetat bharatezvaracakriNe // 13 // tato'jitajinendrAditIrthakRdbhayo'vadhAryatAm / tattadgaNadharAstatra dhArmikANAmihAba van // 15 // tataH zrIvarddha mAnAhagiramAkarNya gautamaH / rAjJa lokopakArArtha zreNikAyAbravId gaNI // 15 // tsmaadgunnbhRdaacaaryaadnukrmsmaagtH| nAnA jinendrakalyANAbhyudayo'yamihocyate // 16 //

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10 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 senavIrasuvIryabhadrasamAkhyayA munipuGgavAH nandicandrasukIrttibhUSaNa saMjJayA RSisattamAH / siMhasAgarakuMbha (?) AsravanAmabhiryatinAyakAH / devanAgasudantatuMgasamAhvayairmunayeo'bhavan // 17 // tebhyo namaskRtya mayA munibhyaH zAstrodadheH sUktimarNIzca labdhvA / hAraM viracyAryajaneApayeogyaM jinendra kalyANa vidhirvyadhAyi // 18 // vIrAcArya supUjyapAda jinasenAcArya saMbhASito yaH pUrva guNabhadrasUrivasunandIndrAdinanya rjitaH / yazvAzAdhara hastimalukathito yazcaika saMdhIritaH tebhyassvAhRtasAramA (?) racitaH syAjjainapUjAkramaH // 16 // tarkavyAkaraNagamAdilaharI pUrNazrutAmbhonidheH / syAdvAdAmbarabhAskarasya dharasenAcAryavaryasya ca ziSyeNAryapakovidena racitaH kaumArase nermuneH (1) / grantho'yaM jayatAjjagattrayagurorbimbapratiSThAvidhiH // 20 // pUrvasmAt paramAgamAtsamucitAnyAdAya padyAnyaham / tantra prastutasiddhaye'tra vilikhAmyetannaropAyatat (?) kalyANeSu vibhUSaNAni dhanikAdAnIya niSkiJcanaH / zobhA svatanuM na bhUSayati kiM sA rAjate nAsya taiH // 21 // jinendravANImunisaMghabhaktyA jinendrakalyANanuti praNIya madhyabhAga (46 pRSTha 7 paMkti) jinendra pUjAM racayanti ye'mI jinendrasiddha zriyamAzrayanti // 22 // atinutajalagandhairakSatairakSatAMgevara kusuma nivedyairdIpadhUpaiH phalaizca / jinapatipadapadma' yo'rcayedarddhanIyam sa bhavati bhuvanezo mokSalakSmInivAsaH // OM hrIM namo dhyAtRbhirabhIpsitebhyaH svAhA namaH purujinendrAya namo'jita jinezine / namaH saMbhavanAthAya namo'bhinandanArhate // namaH sumataye tubhyaM namaH padmaprabhAya ca / namaH supArzvadevAya namazcandraprabhAya te 11

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kiraNa 2] prazasti -saMgraha antima padya : tithirekaguNA proktA nakSatraM dviguNaM bhavet / lagnantu triguNaM teSAM zubhAzubhaphalaM bhavet / granthakartA ke maMgalAcaraNagata 16veM zloka se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vIrAvArya, pUjyapAda, jinasena, guNabhadra, vasunando, indranandI, AzAdhara aura hastimalla ina ATha sAhityikaratnoM ne pratiSThA-grantha likhe haiN| aura inhIM ke AdhAra para Aryapa yA appayArya ne isa vidyAnuvAdAGga pratiSThA-prantha kI racanA kI hai| kintu isa samaya ullikhita ina pratiSThAgrantha praNetAoM ke sabhI grantha prAyaH upalabdha nahIM hote| isake 20veM zloka se yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki isa grantha ke racayitA dharasenAcArya aura kumArasena muni ko apanA guru mAnate the| inhoMne inheM tarka vyAkaraNa evaM sabhI AgamoM kA marmajJa bhI likhA hai| isI zloka meM "kaumArasenemuneH" yaha pada jo milatA hai, vaha vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se cintanIya hai| kyoMki niyamAnusAra "kaumArasenasya" honA cAhiye thaa| kintu isa zuddharUpa kI prayukti se chandobhaMga ho jAtA hai| yaha prati bahuta azuddha hai, ataH jina mahAzayoM ke pAsa isakI dUsarI koI prati ho ve usase isakA milAna kara isa sandigdha bAta para prakAza ddaaleN| saMbhava hai ki dUsarI prati zuddha ho| - bhavana kI isa prati meM to prazasti nahIM hai| kintu Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts in the Central Provinces & Berar" - jisakA sampAdana rAya bahAdura hIrAlAlajI ne kiyA hai usameM Aryapa yA appayArya kA saMkSipta paricaya-pradarzana-pUrgaka kAraMjA zAstrabhANDAra se prApta prati se nimna likhita prazasti uddhRta kI hai: zAkAbde vidhuvedanetrahimage (?) siddhArthasaMvatsare mAghe mAsi vizuddhapakSadazamIpuNyArkavAre'hani / prantho rudrakumArarAjyaviSaye jainendrakalyANabhAk sampUrNo'bhavadekazailanagare shriipaalbndhuurjitH|| / iti zrIsakalatArkikacakravartizrIsamantabhadramunIzvaraprabhRtikavivRndArakavandhamAnasarovararAjahaMsAyamAnabhagavadarhatpratimAbhiSekavizeSaviziSTagandhodakapavitrIkRtottamAGga nAppayAryeNa zrIpuSpasenAcAryopadezakrameNa samyagvicArya pUrvazAstra bhyaH sAramuddhRtya viracitaH zrIjinendrakalyANAbhyudayAparanAmadheyastridazAbhyudayo'rhatpratiSThAgranthaH samAptaH //

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. bhAskara [ bhAga 2 isa prazasti se yahI bAta jJAta hotI hai ki appayArya ne siddhArtha nAmaka saMvatsara 1241 mAgha zukla dazamI ravivAra evaM puSya nakSatra meM puSpasenAcArya ke Adeza se rudrakumAra ke rAjya meM ekazailanAmaka nagara meM yaha grantha likhakara samApta kiyA hai| ullikhita samaya khuSTa zaka 20vIM janavarI 1320 A. D. hotA hai| na mAlUma kisa AdhAra para hIrAlAlajI ne apane sampAdita kaiTalaga meM apyayArya ko puSpasena kA ziSya likhA hai| jJAta hotA hai ki maMgalAcaraNa kA 19vA zloka ApakI najaroM se nahIM gujarA hai| kyoMki puSpasena to preraka hI mAlUma hote haiN| .. ukta yaha ekazaila vartamAna varaMgala kA prAcIna nAma hai| varaMgala ke aura bhI kaI nAma haiN| yaha prAcIna tailaMga kI rAjadhAnI thii| kAkateyoM ne isa para IsvI san 1990 se 1323 IsvI taka rAjya kiyA hai| isI vaMza meM rAjA rudradeva hue haiN| inakI yahIM rAjadhAnI thii| mAlUma hotA hai rAjA rudradeva isa vaMza ke antima rAjA the, kyoMki isa prazasti se patA calatA hai ki isa prantha kI racanA IsvI san 1320 meM huI hai aura usa samaya rudradeva hI zAsana kara rahe the| prazastigata dharasena, kumArasena, puSpasena, zrIpAla ina vidvAnoM ke sambandha meM merA isa samaya kucha bhI vizeSa vaktavya nahIM hai| kyoMki zravaNabelagola ke katipaya zilAlekhoM meM dharasena jI ko chor3akara zeSa tIna nAma upalabdha hote haiM avazya, parantu inameM se kucha zilAlekhoM meM to inakA samaya hI nahIM diyA gayA hai| jina lekhoM meM samaya diyA gayA hai, vaha bhI "appayArya" ke samaya se mela nahIM khaataa| "digambara jaina pranyakartA aura unake grantha" meM Aye hue ina ullikhita nAmavAle granthakartAoM kI kRtiyoM ko dekhane se saMbhavataH inakA vizeSa paricaya mila sakatA hai| , hindI-vizvakoSa bhAga 3 pRSTha 466 aura List of the Antiquarian Remains in the Nizam's Territories By cousens. "Another name of Warrangalxx, is Akshalingar, which in the opinion of Mr. consens is the same yekshilangara." --The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient & Medieaval India By Nandoo Lal Dey P.8. 2 anumakundapura, anumakundapaTTana, korukola (of Ptolemy), veNAkaTaka, ekazailinagara Adi / (The Geographical Dictionary P. 262.) 3 rudradeva kA zilAlekha JASB, 1838 P. 903 sAtha hI Prof. Wilson's Mackenzie ___collection P. 76. 4 The Geographical Dictionary, P. 8. 'varaMgala ke kAkatIya vaMzI eka rAjA x x x hindI-vizvakoSa bhAga 12, pRSTha 627 noTa-vizvakoSakAra ne saMkhyA 3 dekara inake sivA eka aura kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| "eka hindU rAjA ye tailaMgAdhipati the" sambhavataH yaha vizvakoSa-kAra ke tailaMga aura varaMgala ina donoM ko do bhinna sthAna samajhane kI bhUla hai|

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kiraNa 2) prazasti-saMgraha (5) grantha naM0304 nidAna-muktAvalI kartA-pUjyapAda (1) viSaya-vaidyaka _ bhASA-saMskRta cauddaaii-8| iJca lmbaaii-13| iJca patrasaMkhyA maGgalAcaraNa (abhAva) prathama zloka 'riSTaM doSaM pravakSyAmi sarvazAstroSu sammatam / sarvaprANihitaM dRSTaM kAlAriSTazca nirNayam // 1 // madhya bhAga (pRSTha 4 paMkti 11) pItvA jalaM yasya na yAti tRSNA bhuktvA bhRzaM na kSudapaiti yasya / zaktikSaye vAtha suvarNanAsA mAse'STame tasya hi kaalmRtyuH|| khaNDaM bhavedyasya padaM kadAcit paGkAGkite vA bhuvi pAMsulepAt / . te saptakaM (1) mAsi vihAya sarva prayAti yAmyaM sadanaM mnussyH|| antima bhAgagurau maine deve'pyagadanikarairnAsti bhajanam tathApyevaM vidyA atinigaditA shaastrnipunnH| bhariSTaM pratyakSa subhavamanumArUDhasubhagam vicAryyantacchazvannipuNamatibhiH karmaNi sadA // vijJAya yo naraH kaallkssnnairevmaadibhiH| na bhUyo mRtyave yasmAdvidvAnkarma samAcaret // iti pUjyapAdaviracitAyAM svasthAridhanidAnaM smaaptm| isameM do hI nidAna haiM-(1) kAlAriSTa aura (2) svasthAriSTa / isa grantha kI prati madrAsa rAjakIya pustakAlaya meM saMgRhIta prantha kI prati se karAyI gayI hai|

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14 [ bhAga 2 isa grantha ke padyoM meM pUjyapAdajI kA nAma kahIM nahIM miltaa| kintu mUla prati meM prakaraNasamApti-sUcaka vAkya 'pUjyapAdakRta' likhA rahane ke kAraNa pratilipi kartA lekhaka ko bhI 'pUjyapAdakRta' jyoM kA tyoM likha denA anivArya thA / astu, isa grantha ke viSaya aura saMskRta-racanA kI ora dhyAna dene se sarvArthasiddhi Adi granthoM ke nirmAtA prAta:smaraNIya hamAre prakhyAta pUjyapAdajI ko isa grantha ke racayitA mAnane meM mana hi-kicAtA hai / sambhava hai ki yaha kRti kisI dUsare pUjyapAda jI kI hai| isa sandehAspada viSaya ko hala karane ke liye aura aura pratiyoM kI jarUrata hai| AzA hai ki anyAnya paNDitamaNDalI bhI isakI ora dhyAna degI / (6) grantha naM0 206 kha lambAI 13 // iJca prArambhika bhAga bhAskara madanakAmaratnam karttA - pUjyapAda (?) mRtaM sUtalohAmra raupyaM samAMzam viSaya - vaidyaka bhASA-saMskRta cauDAI 8 iJca maGgalAcaraNa (abhAva) mahApUrNacandrodayaH ...mRtasvarNagandhaM (?) sarva (?) vinikSipya khalve vimardhettataH svarNatailodbhavena trivAram // 1 // tataH zAlmalIsAraniryAsaguAM prayuJjIta tajjJaH suhRdyAnupAnaiH / tridoSatkSayaM cApi hanyAtpareSAm (?) vayastambhakArI gadonmAdahArI // 2 // vadhUgarvahArI ratau vRddhikArI kRzatvApahArI kalApUrNadhArI samasteSu yogeSu bhUmau vizeSAt prasiddho mahApUrNacandrodayo'yam ||32|| patra saMkhyA 64.

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prazasti-saMgraha kiraNa 2] madhyabhAga- ( pRSTha 30 puSpabANarasaH ) - rasabhasma tribhAgaM syAduSTabhAgaM ca gandhakam / caturtha mauktikaM vATaM dvibhAgA mauktikI zilA // tAramantrakalohAnAM vaGgamAkSikanAgayoH / ayaskAmaM pravAlASTau tulyabhAgaM prakalpayet // antima bhAga -- ( paJcavANarasaH) suvarNa rajataM kAntaM vaikrAntaM tIkSNamantrakam / pravAlaM muktabhasitaM nAgavaGgaJca bhAskaram // ekaikasamabhAgaM ca sarvatulyaM rasendriyam / tatsamaM zuddhagandhaJca haMsapAdIrasena ca // kaumArIrasasaMproktaM marditaJca dinattrayam / kAcakupyantare kSiptvA vilepya vastramRttikAm arghas ear yAmAnte samuddharet / cUrNIkRtaM tataH khalve zatapattrarasena ca // dinatrayaJca yatnena cAdhikaM sahabhAvanAt / kastUrikAM ca karpUraM bhAvayeta yathAvidhi // zAlmalIkAni lAkSAtha gAndhArI samamayet / varAcandana saMyuktaM kaNakSaudra sitAjyakam / viMzatiJca pramehANAM rAjayakSmAnanekazaH / zukravRddhikaraJcaiva vandhyA ca labhate sutam // vadhyanaSTaM puSpanaSTaM masRgdaram / raktapittaM cAmlapittaM prasthisrAvahalImakam // ahamyeva rajaH strINAM bhavanti priyadarzanAt / vIryavRddhikarazcaiva nArINAM ramate zatam // paJcavANaraso nAma pUjyapAdena nirmitaH // X x 15. X pUrvoddhRta 'nidAnamuktAvalI' aura yaha vartamAna 'madanakAmaratam' donoM grantha prazasti nahIM rahane evaM viSayaviccheda nahIM hone se jJAta hotA hai ki apUrNa haiN| sAtha hI sAtha ina donoM ke racayitA bhI ekahI pUjyapAda mAlUma hote haiM / isa prastuta grantha madanakAmarata ko kAmazAstra kahanA anucita nahIM hogA / kyoMki 64 pRSThoM meM se kevala 12 pRSTha taka to mahApUrNa candrodaya, loha, agnikumAra, jvarabalaphaNigaruDa, kAlakUTa, ratnAkara, udayamArttaNDa, suvarNamAlya, pratApalaMkezvara rAjezvara, bAlasUryodaya (do prakAra kA ) ina anyAnya jvarAdi rogoM ke binAzaka rasoM kA vivaraNa aura karpUraguNa, mRgahAra bheda, kastUrI maida, kastUrI guNa, kastUryanupAna praura kastUrIparIkSA Adi hai| bAMkI jo 52 pRSTha haiM ve kAmadeva ke jo paryAyavAcI zabda haiM unhIM bhinna bhinna nAmoM se aGkita 34 prakAra ke kAmezvara rasamaya haiN| sAtha hI bAjIkaraNa prauSadha, tela, liGga-baddha nalepa, puruSavazyakArI auSadha, strIvazyabhaiSaja, madhurasvarakArI auSadha aura guTikA - nirmANa - vidhi bhI hai / kAmasiddhi ke liye chaH mantra bhI Aye haiM / ukta digdarzana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa grantha ke sabhI pRSTha kAmaviSayaka vidhividhAnoM se hI bhare par3e haiM / I yoM to yaha sArA grantha padyabaddha hai kintu eka jagaha paJcavANa rasa ke padyAGkita padya kI saMskRta gadya meM vyAkhyA kara dI gayI hai|

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16 (7) grantha naM0 207 kha lambAI 12 / iJca bhAskara jinayajJaphalodayaH karttA - muni kalyANakIrti viSaya - pUjAphalavivaraNa bhASA-saMskRta cauDAI 7 // iJca maGgalAcaraNa sarvajJa sarvavidyAnAM vidhAtAraM jinAdhipam / hiraNyagarbha nAbheyaM vande'haM vibudhAvitam // 1 // anyAnapi jinAnnatvA tathAgaNadharAdikAn / kathyate muktisamprAptyai jinayajJaphalodayaH // 2 // jayalalitako mad gururmunipuGgavaH / devacandramunIndrAcryodayApAlaH prasannadhIH // 3 // mAdRzo'pi ca yacchaktijinayajJaphalodayaH / (?) na taccitra kramAyAtaguruparvAvalambanAt // 4 // kalyANakIrttidevasya bhAratIkavivedhasaH / satAM cetasi pIyUSadhArAM dhatte nirantaram // 5 // vRddhiM vrajati vijJAnaM kIrttizcarati nirmalA / prayAti duritaM dUraM jinayajJaphalastuteH // 6 // madhyabhAga - (pRSTha 41 zloka 16 ) jinazAsanamAsAdya ye samyaktvasamanvitam / * sadvrataM nahi kurvanti mlecchAste pazubhiH samAH // 16 // durgandhivigrahAH krUrAH sarvalokatiraskRtAH / kAraNapaGguvivarNAGgAH malinacchidravAsasaH // 20 // virUpA vigatacchAyA dhanabandhuvivarjitAH / labhante yannarA duHkhaM tatphalaM pApakarmaNaH // 21 // [ bhAga - 2 patra saMkhyA 86

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pratimA-lekha-saMgraha ( saMgrAhaka-zrIyuta bA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina ) - (3) zrI di0 jaina lohiyA agravAla mandira mainapurI (gaMja) , neminAtha-zvetapASANa-18 aM0-"zubhasaM0 1920 phAlguNa vadi 3 guruvAsare zrImUlasaMdhe valAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye zrImadbhaTTAraka jinendrabhUSaNajidevastatpa? zrImadbhaTTAraka mahendrabhUSaNajidevastatpade zrImadbhaTTAraka rAjendrabhUSaNajidevastadupadezAt * zrImadagravaMzodbhavaH vAzilagolotpannaH // kASTAsaMgha bAbU vrajamohanadAsastadbhAryA suMdari kuMvaristatputrau bAbU jagamohanadAsa bAbU munisobatadAsau tadbhAryA kAMtAkuMvari TukuTuku kuMvari saMjJake catamiH pratiSTAkartA ArAnaga- kelirAmastatputra DAlacaMda agravAra garagagolotpannasya mastake kRtA / " 2 caMdraprabha-kRSNa pA0-18 aM0-"saM0 1934 varSe vaizASa sudI 7 zrImUlasaMghe......... raajyprvrtmaane............|" (par3hane meM nahIM aataa)| 3 arht-maannikyrtn-2|| aM0-lekharahita / 4 zAMtinAtha-sphaTika pA0-14 aM0-"zro mUlasaMgha valAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdukuMdA. cAryAnvaye garagagola agaravAravaMse jhammanalAla pratiSTitaM saM0 1945 mAghavadI 2 / " 5 pArzvanAtha-harita pA0-11 aM0-lekha naM. 4 ke anurUpa / 6 supArzvanAtha-harita pA0-10 aM0-lekha naM0 4 ke anurUpa / 7 pArzvanAtha-harita pA0-11 aM0-lekha naM0 4 ke anurUpa / 8 mahAvIra-zve0 pA0-30 aM0-"zrI saM0 1955 mAgha zukla 12 pratiSTitaM / " 6 pArzvanAtha- zve0 pA0-28 aM0-"zrI saM0 1955 mAgha zukla 12 digaMbarAmnAya pratiSTitaM haathrse|" noTa-jo pratimAyeM khaDgAsana haiM unake sAtha "khaDgAsana" likha diyA hai varan saba padmAsana samajhanA cAhiye / maulikatA lupta ho jAne ke khayAla se "pratimA-lekha-saMgraha' ke lekhoM kI bhayaMkara azuddhiyAM jyoM kI tyoM chor3a dI gayI haiN| sampAdaka

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 10 AdinAtha- zve. pA.-32 aM-"saM0 1470 zrIyuta rAjajakovatI lo sunAma rAjapaSTi jI jodhapuramAhI pratiSThA karApitA kalyANadAsa mainpuriigNj|" 11 caMdraprabha-sphaTika pA0-13 aM0-lekha naM. 4 kI bhAMti / 12 zAMtinAtha-dhAtu-18 aM-"saM0 1611 phAlguna mAse zuklapakSa 1 guruvAsare ko pratiSThitaM __ mainapurI maddhe zrImUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNe sarasvatogacche zrIkuMdakuMdAcArya0 kausala gotre lAlA malairAmatatasaMga bhrAta kalyANa nityaM praNamaMta shriisv0|| 13 AdinAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1557...... / ' 14 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-7 aM0-"saM0 1611 phAlguNa sudI 7 bhragau bhAI malairAma surANau praNamaMta nityaM / " 15 supArzvanAtha-dhAtu --6 aM0-"saM0 1952 pyArelAla mainpurii|" 16 caMdraprabha-zveta pASANa-16 aM0-"saM0 1645...... / " ityAdi 17 caMdraprabha-sphaTika -"saM0 1945 mAgha sudI 2 pratiSThitaM / " 1. pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-14 aM0-"saM0 1911 phAlguna mAse zukla pakSe 7 bhRgau pratiSTitaM ......madhye bhAI malarAma nisvaM praNamaMti / " 16 ajitanAtha-zveta pASANa-7 a0- "saM0 1945 mAghakRSNa 2 pratiSThitaM / " 20 pArzvanAtha-pASANa-80-"saM0 1957 prtisstthitN|" 21 supArzvanAtha-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1657 caitavadI 2 malairAma mainpurii|" 22 arahaMta-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1545 pratiSTitaM / " 23 caMdraprama-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1957 / " 24 mahAvIra-dhAtu-4 aM0-."saM0 1957 / " 25 mahAvIra-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1957 / " 26 neminAtha-dhAtu-4 aMo.--"saM0 1957 zrI bhaugA~va pratiSThitaM / 27 zreyAMsanAtha-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1657 bakaremala pra0 maugA~va madhye / " 28 caMdraprabha-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1957 bakaremala digaMbara AmnAya / " 26 mahAvIra-dhAtu-4 aM0-uparyukta lekha / 3. supArzvanAtha-dhAtu-4 aM0-uparyukta lekha /

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kiraNa 2] pratimA-lekha-saMgraha (4) nimnAMkita pratimAyeM zrI di0 jaina-mandira (bhagatajI kA) mainapurI (gaMja) meM virAjamAna haiM aura inake liMga-cihna prakaTa nahIM haiN| 1 AdinAtha caturmukha maMdira-sahita-zveta pASANa-maMdira-sahita UMcAI 28 0-mUrti kI U~cAI 8 aM0--"saM0 1945 mAgha kRSNa 2 zrI mUlasaMgha balAskAragaNa sarasvatI gacche kuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye agaravAragotra jhammanalAlena pratiSThApitaM kalyAnaM dadAtu / " 2 supArzvanAtha -zveta pASANa-10 aM:-"saM0 1645 ityAdi uparyukta kI bhA~ti / 3 supArzvanAtha-muMgAvarNa pA0-8 aM0-lekha uparyukta kI bhAMti / 4 anaMtanAtha-zveta pASANa - aM - "zrImUlasaMghe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdAcAryAnnAye . agaravAra jhammanalAlena pratiSThitaM saM0 1945 / " 5 vimalanAtha-zveta pASANa-7 aM0-"saM0 1945 mAgha kR. 2 pratiSThitaM mUla saMgha ___ jhammanalAlena pratiSTitaM / " 6 arhat caturmukha maM dera-sahita-zveta-5 aN0-1|| aM0-lekharahina / 7 mahAvIra-kR0 pA0-22 aM-"zrI saM0 1955 zuku 12 vudhe siddha AmnAya pratiSTitaM jAnakIdAsa mainpurii|" 8 zAMtinAtha-zveta pA0-8 aM0-"saM0 1945 mAgha kRSNa 2......jhammanalAla pratiSThataM / 1 nami-zveta-8 aM0-"saM0 1941 mAgha kRSNa 2 zrImUlasaMghe ba. ga. sa. ga0 kuM0 jhammanalAlena / " 10 caMdraprabha-zveta-7 aM0-uparyukta ke samAna lekha / 11 arhat-mUMgAvarNa-8 aM0 12 arhat-harita pA0-8 aM0 13 zreyAMsanAtha-zveta-7 aM0 14 mahAvIra-harita kR0-7 aMka 15 neminAtha-zve0-7 aM0 16 caMdraprabha-zve0-18- "zubha saMvat 1920 phAlguNa vadi 3 guruvAsare zrImUlasaMgha balAtkAra gaNa sarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdAcAryAmnAye zrImadbhaTTAraka : jinendrabhUSaNajidevastaspaTTA nvaye zrImahAraka maheMdrabhUSaNa" ityAdi / 15 caMdraprabha-zveta-18 aM0-lekha par3hane meM nahIM aataa|

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 18 RSabhanAtha- zveta-11 aM0-"zrI mUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNe zrIsarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdAcAryA nvaye saM0 1945 mAghakRSNa 2 jhammanalAlena pratiSThitaM / " 16 arhat-haritakRSNa-7 aM0-lekha pUrvavat / 20 kuMthunAtha-zveta-8 aM0- lekha pUrvavat / brahmadApa tasva (5) mainapurI (kaTarA) ke digambara jaina maMdira meM sthita tAmrapatroM kI prazastiyAM / 1 SoDazakAraNayaMtra-"saM0 1525 varSa caitra sudi 7 zrImUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatI gacche zrIsubhacaMda devA tatpa4 bhaTTAraka zrInemicaMdra devA tatpa?' bha0 jinacaMdradeva tatpa? zrIsiMhakIrtideva tadAmnAye sAha loNA SoDasakAraNa baMtra karApitaM / karmakSayanimitta / " 2 dazalakSaNadharmayaMtra- "saM0 1642 varSe phAlguNa sudi 1 dine zrImatkASThAsaMghe hemacaMdra AmnAye / brahmadIpa tasya ziSya-tasya AmnAye vAsalagokha sA0 guNadAsa tasya bhAryA jAhI ityaadi|" 3 siddhayaMtra-"saM0 1752 kA varSa jeSTa vadi 6 zukra vAsare zrImUlasaMghe maM0 zrI jasakIrti jI devA .... bha0 zrIratrakIrti jo tadAmnAye khaMDelavAlAnvaye jobanapura vAstavye zrIvijaisyaMgha rAjeH / " 4 SoDazakAraNayaMtra-"saM0 1783 varSe vaizAkha vadi 8 budhabAra zrImUlasaMgha bhaTTAraka zrIdevendrakIrti stadAnAye yAsapAhaka luhADyAgotra saMgha hI zrI hRdayarAma vivi pratiSThA paM0 bhAmani / " 5 SoDazakAraNayaMtra-"saM0 1606 phAlguNa vadi 10 mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgacche bha0 zrIpanakIrti upadezAt jJAtau gahatU rAjamala seTha bhAryA sAvAI putra jagar3a seTha bhAryA zivabAI surAya seThe praNamanti / " noTa-inake atirikta isa maMdira meM karIva 100-125 yaMtra aura haiM jo abhI par3he nahIM gaye hai| (6) mainapurI (kaTarA) ke digambara jaina maMdira meM virAjamAna liMgacihna-sahita pratimAoM kA lekhasaMgraha / 1 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saMvat 1120 / " 2 caMdraprabha-zvetapASANa-21 aM0-"saM0 1234 varSe mAsa kAtika sudI 1 guruvAsare bhaTTAraka AmnAya sA0 budhamala agravAla gargagotI pratiSTANAm maMgalAla vimalaM aSTasiddhi navanidhidAyaka biMbasthApana / guru AcArjakAtra / " .

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kiraNa 2] pratimA-lekha-saMgraha 13 3 arhat tIna-(khagAsana)-dhAtu-24 aM0 - "saM0 1437 vaisAkha sudI 10 budhe kASThAsaMdhe bha0 guNabhadra jaisavAla sA0 sUryacandra bhAryA naimA putra zravaNa naimA kAritam / " 4 arhat tIna-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1502 / " 5 pArzvanAtha-dhAtu-7 aM0-"saM0 1502 varSe vaisAkha sudI 3 zrImUlasaMdhe bhaTTAraka zrIjinacandra pAkuliyA gotra sAhu pramasI tatputra rAjadeva nityaM praNamaMti / " 6 mahAvIra samavazaraNa-dhAtu-11 aM0-"saM0 1503 mAgasira sudI 4 zrImUlasaMghe bha0 zrI padmanaMdi devaa.........|" 7 caMdraprabha-zveta pASANa bajanevAlA-32 aM0-"saMvat 1506 varSe jyeSTha sudI 11 zukra kASThAsaMghe zrIkamalakIrti deva tadAmnAye sA0 thirU strI bhAnade putra sA0 jayamAla jAlhaNate praNamanti mahArAja putra gozala / " 8 zAMtinAtha-zveta pA0-36 aM0-"saM0 1106 varSe caitra sudI 13 ravivAsare zrI mUlasaMdhe bhaTTAraka zrIpadmanaMdi devatatpa? zrIzubhacaMdradeva tatpa' zrIjinacaMdradeva zrIddhaupegrAmasthAne mahArAjAdhirAja zrIpratApacaMdradeva rAjye pravartamAne yaduvaMzolaMbakaJcukAnvaye sAdhu zcI uddharNastatputra asau tasya bhAryA mUMgA tatputra saMghAdhipati badhe bhAryA mUlA puta bhojarAja tina jinabiMba pratiSThApae te nityaM praNamaMti / " / 1 arhat tIna (khagAsana)-dhAtu-10 aM:-"saM0 1510 mAghasudi 13 saume zrIkASThAsaMghe A. malayakIrtidevA tayo pratiSTitam / " 10 mahAvIra samavazaraNa yakSayakSiNI bhAmaMDala Adi-sahita-dhAtu-16 aM0-"saM0 1520 varSe ___ ASAr3ha sudI 7 gurau zrImUlasaMghe bha0 zrIjinacaMdra taspaTTa bha0 zrIsiMhakIrti laMbakaM. cukAnvaye aulI vAstavye sAhu zrI dipau bhAryA iMdA suputra sA0 sUra bhAryA khemA dvi putra sAlava bhAryA gemA suputra......praNamaMti iSTikApatha pratiSTitaM / " 11 caubIsI paTa-tIna khajAsana, zeSa padmAsana-dhAtu-11 aM0-"saM0 1525 varSe caitasudi 5 somavAsare kASTAsaMghe mAthurAnvaye bha0 samIrasiMhadeva taspaTTa hemkiirtidev...|" 12 zreyAMsanAtha-dhAtu-4 aM0-"saM0 1525 caitra zukla 3 budhe zrImUlasaMdhe zrIsiMhakIrti 50 ha0 pu0 bambakaJcakAmnAye sA0 miNDe bhAryA sonA putra sA. jallU bhAryA manA praNamanti / " 13 pArzva-"saM0 1688 varSe phAlguNa sudi 8 zrIbhaTTAraka vijayasatita sAchItaratamava ?" : 14 arhata tIna (khaDgAsana)-dhAtu-5 aM0-"saM0 1567......" 15 AdinAtha-dhAtu-khagAsana-10 aM0-"saM0 1628 varSe phAlguNa sudI 2 zrIkASThAsaMghe

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 bha0 zrI bhAnukIrti tadAnAye jaisavAla sAha prithI bhA0 bhAnI tayA putra visAda bhA0 tUrA tayoputa riSabhadAsa bhA0 maNikadevi sAhA nityaM praNamaMti / " 16 arhat-khaDgAsana-dhAtu-10 aM0-lekharahita / 17 anaMtanAtha-dhAtu-6 aM0-"saM0 1545 jyeSTha sudi 5 zrImUlasaMghe bha0 jinacaMdrAmnAye maM............" 18 pArzva-yajJAdisahita-dhAtu-7 aM0-saM0 1646.........:. / " 16 padmaprabha-zveta pA0-21 aM0-- "saM0 1148 varSe vaisAkha sudI 2 zrImUlasaMdhe bhaTTAraka zrIjinacandradevaH sa jIvarAja pApar3IvAla nityaM praNamaMti zaraNaM zrIrAjAya / 20 pArzva-dhAtu-6 aM0-'saM0 1563 jyeSTa sudI 3 zrI mUlasaMghe ..........." 21 pArzva-dhAtu - 4 // aM0- "saM0 1531 mUlasaMdhe sA0............" 22 mahAvIra-zveta pA0-23 aM0--"saM0 1662 varSe vaisAkha vadI 2 zubha dine zrImUlasaMdhe sarasvatI gacche balAtkAragaNe zrIkuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye bhaTTAraka zrIabhayacandra deve tatpa bha0 zrI abhayanandadeva tatpa? AcArya zrIratna kIrti tasya ziSyANI bAI vIramatI nitaM praNamati zrI mahAvIram / " 23 arhat khaDgAsana-dhAtu-27 aM0-lekharahita / 24 pAca--kRSNa pA0--24 aM0-"saM0......mAgha sudI 3 somavAra akharo mahArAjadhirAja mahArAjA zrI.........mAnaliyo yasakIrti tatsadmavo dumakIrti tasya pradhAne (?) sarasvatI devI......maNDalAcArya......gIyA gotra saMghaI mAmasena -" . 25 neminAtha- zveta pA0-30 aM-"saM0 1537 vaisAkha sudI 10 budhe kASTAsaMghe bha0 malayakIrti bha0 guNabhadrAmnAye agroskAnvaye gogalagotra 'sA0 rAjU bhAryA jAlhI putra chAjU TUMDA strI dhIkI putra kAmarAja bhAryA udI putra 3 rAmacandra candrapAla jinadAsa rAmacandra strI cAryude putra tArAcandra vanyam mahArAja zrI kalyANamalla raajye|" 26 candraprabha-zveta pA0-12 aM0-"saM0 1546 varSe vaisAkha sudI 14 zrI jinacaMdradeva sA. ___ jIvarAja pApar3IvAla mUlasaMghe sarasvatIgacche......" 27 candraprabha-zveta pA0-14 aM0-"saM0 1558 varaSa vaisAkha sudI 3 zrImUlasaMghe zrIjIvarAja pApar3IvAla......" 28 AdinAtha--zveta--28 aM0--lekha par3hane meM nahIM aataa| 21 neminAtha-zveta-20 aM0-"saM0 1948 varaSe vaisASa sudi 3 zrI mUlasaMghe bha0--sA. jIvarAja pApar3IvAla nityaM praNamaMti / "

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kiraNa 2 pratimA-lekha-saMgraha 30 caumukhI arhat-khagAsana -dhAtu-10 aM0-"saM0 1546 vaisASa sudi 12 somadine bhimA mAtA gadA tasu putra vIdhA ..... / " 31 candraprabha-zveta paa0-10|| aMka-"saM0 1548 varSe vaisASa sudi 3 zrIbhAnucandra bhaTTArakajI zrIjivarAja pApar3IvAla......... " 32 AdinAtha-zveta-28 aM0-"saM0 1548 varaSe vaisASa sudI 3 zrI mulasaMgha bhaTThAraka jI zrIbhAnucandradeva sAha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla nityaM praNamati sahara mur3AsA zrIrAjA __sabasaMgha / " 33 arhat-zveta-10 aM0-'saM0 1577 ityAdi-" 34 arhat-kRSNa pA0-4 aM0-'saM0 1665" 35 pArzva-khaDgA0 4 aM-lekharahita / 36 zreyAMsanAtha (gaiMDA)- zveta pA0-32 aM0 - "saM0 1688 varSe phAlguNa sudI 8 zanau zrI mUlasaMghe bha0 zrIjJAnabhUSaNadeva tatpa bha0 zrI jagadbhUSaNadeva tadAmnAye pule jJAtiye khemija gotre sAdhu tArana tadbhAryA mainA..... bhAryA jamunA tatputra sAdhu bhAna tasya bhAryA narAyanade tatputra sAdhu rAjArAya khemakaraNa eteSAM madhye sAdhu mAno vimba praNamanti / " 37 arhat-dhAtu-23 aM0- yakSAdi camarachavAdi-sahita-lekha-rahita / 38 arhat-(khaDgAsana)-dhAtu-3 aM0-lekha-rahita / . (kula 140 pratimAyeM haiM, jinameM 33 liGgacihna-sahita aura zeSa liGgacihna-rahita haiM) (7) mainapurI (muhakamagaMja) ke di0 jaina paMcAyatI (bar3A) maMdira meM virAjamAna liMgacihna-sahita pratimAoM para kA lekha-saMgraha / 1 neminAtha-kRSNa pA0-50 aM0 UcAI - "zrI saM0 1952 kA mitI mAdhasudI 1 kASThAsaMdhe mAthuragacche puSkaragaNe lohAcAryAmnAye bha0 munIndrakIrti devastadAnAye agaravAla vaizyavaMze bAbU rAmadAsajI tatpukhA bAbU chedIlAla viSNucaMdra jI narottamadAsajI zrI jinamandira pUrvaka zrI jinavimva pratiSThA karApitA aMgareja bahAdura zrImatI rANI vikTUriyA zahaMzAha rAjya pravartamAne zubham / " 2 tIna bhagavAna khaDgAsana-chatrasahita-madhya meM zItalanAtha-idhara udhara neminAtha aura abhinaMdananAtha-13 aM0-"saM0 1216 mAgha sudI 1 sAdhu udayade putra jayacandra / "

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 3 AdinAtha--khaDgAsana-dhAtu-15 aM.-"saM0 1955 pratiSTitam mainpurii| 4 candraprabha - zveta pA0-11 aM0-"saM0 1548 vaisAkha sudI 3 gurau mUlasaMghe bhATAraka jI zrIjinacaMdradeva sA0 jIvarAja pApar3IvAla ........... / ' 5 pArzva--zveta pA0-18 aM.-"saM0 1548 vaisAkha sudI 3 gurau malasaMghe bhaTTAraka jI zrI jinacaMdra deva sA0 jIvarAja pApar3IvAla ............" 6 pArzva-dhAtu-11 aM0-yajJAdisahita-saM0 1346 caitra sudI 13......caitra sudI 13............mUlasaMghe zrImAlavaMze sAdhu vihu OM rAjye pratApacandra dahaupasaMghA / " 7 pArzva-dhAtu-10 aM0 .-"saM0 1528 varSe vaisAkha sudI 7 zrImUlasaMdhe bha0 zrI jinacaMdra tatpa4 zrI siMhakIrtideva mahimavaMza sAdhu hosArNadevAstatputra.......... " . 8 ajitanAtha samUha yajJAdi-sahita-dhAtu-11 aM0 - "saM0 1545 jeSTa sudi 5 gurau zrIkASTA saMghe bha* malayakIrtidevAstadAmnAye agrotaka mItala gotra sAhu bharela.. ......... praNamanti / " 6 arhat-khAkI pASANa-14 aM0-"saM0 1314 ..........." 10 arhat-caumukhI-dhAtu-7 aM0-"saM. 1521 varSe mUlasaMdhe............" 11 arhat-caumukhI --dhAtu-7 aM.-"saM0 2541 varSe asaujasudI 12 sAdhu paM0 indralAla / " 12 pArzvanAtha-zveta -20 aM0-"saM0 1548 varSe vaisAkha sudI 3 zrI mUla saMghe bhaTTArakajI zrIjinacaMdradevA sAha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla nityaM praNamaMtI sA0 dharamadAsa zrI. rAjA so sNgh|" 13 pArzva-maMdira sahita-dhAtu--2 aM0--"saM0 1710 varSa mAgha sudI 1 zrImUlasaMghe bhaTTAraka zrI nandadeva / 14 paarshv--sphttik--|| aN0-lekhrhit| 15 pArzva-zveta--20 aM0-"saM0 1548 varSe vaisASa sudI 3 zrI mUlasaMghe zrImahAraka zrI mUlasaMje zrI bhaTTAraka zrI jinacadradevA sAhu jIvarAja pApar3IvAla nisvaM praNamaMti / 16 paarshv--dhaatu--4|| aM0--"saM0 1552 mAvasudo--zrIpArzvanAtha / " 17 candraprabha-dhAtu--10 a0 - "saM0 1542 varSe vaisASa sudo 3 vAsare calacandra rAjA sausiMha - rAjA sivasiMha ke rAjya meM jIvarAja pApar3IvAla mAdhe" 18 arhat-khaDgAsana-dhAtu-lekharahita / 16 arhat caturmukha samaMdira-khaDgAsana-dhAtu-11 aM0 -"saM0 1636 mAgha sudI 10 ma0 rAjendrakIrti tadAsnAye munIzvaradAsena pratiSTitaM chaparAnagare / " (kula 51 pratimAoM meM se 26 meM liGgacihna vyakta hai) zrIjinacadA

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om THE JAINA ANTIQURY An Anglo-Hindi quarterly Journal, Vol. I. ] September, 1935. [ No. 2 Editors: Prof. HIRALAL JAIN, M.A., LL.B., P.E.S., Professor of Sanskrit, King Edward College, Amraoti, C. P. Prof. A. N. UPADHYE, M.A., Professor of Prakrata, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, S.M.C. B. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN, M.R.A.S., Aliganj, Distt. Etah, U.P. Pt. K. BHUJABALI SHASTRI, Librarian, The Central Jaina Oriental Library, Arrah, Published at THE CENTRAL JAIN ORIENTAL LIBRARY, ARRAH, BIHAR, INDIA, Annual Subscription : Foreign Rs. 4-8. Inland Rs. 4. Single Copy Rs 1-4,

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m. Vol. I. No. 11 THE JAINA ANTIQUARY. "zrImatparamagambhorasthA dvAdAmoghalAJchanam / jIyAta trailokyanAthasya zAsanaM jinazAsanam // " ARRAH, (INDIA) September, 1935. WHO WAS THE FOUNDER OF JAINISM? (By Kamta Prasad Jain, M.R.A.S.) A right answer of the question, given above as title, is yet to be searched and worked out; since the theory given as an established fact in the Text Books of Indian History of our schools and colleges, besides the general books on the subject, is that most probably the founder of Jainism was Parsvanatha, whom the Jainas regard as their 23rd Tirthankara1. This proposition is far from the truth. There was a time when European scholars regarded Jainism to be a religion of medieval advent, and then others came forward to call it an off-shoot of Buddhism2. But 1. "Most probably Parsva, the 23rd Tirthankara was the founder of Jainism." -Encyclo of Religion and Ethics, vol. VII p. 465. "Parsva.......was indeed the Royal founder of Jainism." -Harmsworth's History of the world, II, p. 1198. Oxford Students History of India, p. 43; Early History of India, p. 31; Cambridge History of India, vol. I pp. 153 154, etc., etc. 2. Elphinstone, History of India, p. 27 and 122. Barth, Wilson, etc., quoted in the "Jaina Itihasa Series, No. I."-p. 6.

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20 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I their opinions, though honest, were not based on sound knowledge and so could not stay long. Soon after came Prof. Jacobi in the field and studied Jaina Canonical books along with the Buddhist Suttas and he proclaimed for the first time the authenticity of Jainism as an independent and pre-Buddhistic religion?. He however, regarded Parsva as an historical person and founder of Jainsim quite wonderfully; but at the very time he had to remark also that : " But there is nothing to prove that Parsva was the founder of Jainism. Jaina tradition is unanimous in making Rish abba, the first Tirthankara ( as its founder )....... There may be something historical in the tradition which make him the First Tirthankara'." Unfortunately, inspite of this clear statement that no evidence is available to displace Jaina tradition of the first Tirthankara as its founder in this cycle of time, the queer view has come to be held that Parsva is the founder of Jainism. The main reason for the prevalance of this view is perhaps the hoary antiquity of Rishabhadeva, the first Tirthankara, which makes it not an easy task to believe the tradition at all. His life time goes most anterior to that of Rama and Lakshamana and the history of India has been also assumed to begin with the 8th, or 10th. century B.C. But how this assumption can be relied upon now, when the literary and moreover epigraphical evidence is available to push back the beginning period of the ancient history of India not only by decades but by centuries? The Jaina and Buddhistic literatures of the Mauryan period and the antiquities of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa cannot be overlooked in this respect. Recently it has been pointed out by Prof. Pran Nath of the Hindu University, Benares, that a copper-plate grant belonging to the period of Babylonian ascension mentions the name of Nemi, the 22nd. Tirthankara of the Jainas*. It means that the real history of India and the beginning of Jainism go back anterior to the 10th. century B.C. Under the circumstances, sound scholarship demands a review of the ancient traditions of our Puranas with more reliability, and, as such, we cannot be justified in passing the great personality of Rishabha as a myth only, and proclaiming Parsva as the founder of Jainism! Rather 1. Jaina Sutras, 3. B. E.XLV, Intro : p. XXI. f f. 2. Indian Antiquary, vol. IX p. 163. *" Dr. Pran Nath, Professor of the Hindu University, Benares, has been able to decipher the copper-plate grant of Emperor Nebuchandneyyar I (Circa 1140 B. C.) or II (Circa 600 B.C.) of Babylon, found recently in Kathiawad. The inscription is of great historical value......... It may go a long way in proving the antiquity of the Jaipa religion, since the name of Nomi appears in the inscription."-Times of India, 19th March 1935, p. 9.

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No. II] WHO WAS THE FOUNDER OF JAINISM. the Jaina and non-Jaina literary and epigraphical evidences establish it beyond doubt that there had been a real person of the name of Rishabha in ancient India, who was in fact the founder of Jainism in this cycle of time, as we shall see below: In the Jaina literature, the Agama (Canonical) texts of the Swetambara sect are regarded by a certain scholar of the type of Jacobi as belonging to the Mauryan period * & they clearly narratet the life of Rishabha & name him as the first Tirthankara of the Jainas. Similarly the available Agama ( canonical) portion and the other texts of the first century B.C. of the Digambara sect mention this great Hero in the same way. In the non-Jain literature our eyes naturally turn to the Vedic literature, and we find mentioned in a work of no less importance than the Rigveda itself the name of Rishabha ; but scholars doubt and say that there is nothing to show that he was a Jaina Tirthankara'. Of course Sayana and other commentators of the said Veda undoubtedly establish it to be a personal name, but they are also not clear as to the identity of the person named", and it seems that either they had no knowledge of him, or they did not want to disclose it owing to religious animosity, which indeed made many alterations and additions in the Vedas. But to remove our gloom of ignorance at this place the Hindu Puranas come to our rescue and they give, one and all, the same story of Rishabhadeo as is found in the Jaina Literature. Then, why not should we regard * Jaina Sutras, S. B. E., Introduction + Acharanga Sutra ; Kalpasutra, S. B. E pp. 252-53, Samavayanga-Sutra. . -(Hyderabad ed) pp. 97-194. 1. jayadhavalA-mahAdhavalA-pravacanasAra aadi| 2. RSabhaM mAsamAnAnAM sapatnanAM viSA sahiM / hantAraM zava NAM kRdhi virAjaM gopitaM gavAm // Rgveda 10 / 12 / 166 3. Historical Sleanings p. 76. 4. Sarvanu kramanika, (London) p. 161. 5. Pargiter, A. I. H. T., p. 11 & Asur India, Intr. iv. 6. cf. Jain account of Rishabha (Harivamsa 8. 55-151) with the following quotations from the Hindu Puranas :"aSThame marudevyAMtu nAbherjAta urukramaH / darzayanvatmadhIrANAM sarvAzrama namaskRtaH // 33 // ityAdi" -bhAgavata prathama skandha tR0 a0 mArkaNDeyapurANa a0 10 pRSTha 150; kUrmapurANa a041 pRSTha 61, agnipurANa a0 10 pRSTha 62, garuDapurANa a0 1 pR0 1 "nAbhe nisarga vakSyAmi himoha'sminnivodhat / nAbhistvajanayasputra marudevyAM mahAdyuti // 16 // RSabhapArthiva zreSTha sarvakSatasya pUrvajam / RSabhAdarato jajJavIraH pukSazatAprajaH // 6 // sobhiSicyarSabhaH putra mahApravrajyA sthitaH / himAnhaM dakSiNaM varSa bharatAyanyadedayat // 6 // brahmANDapurANa 14 a.

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JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I Rishabha of the Vedic text to be that of the Jaina literature? Moreover when the Vedic commentator insists on the elucidation of Vedic tradition with the help of traditional history in the Epics and the Puranas', it is but natural for us to regard the Vedic Rishabha to be the son of Patriarch Nabhi and his wife Marudevi and the founder of Jainism in this cycle of time. This agreement of the Jaina and the Brahmanical texts is so striking and singular that we cannot deny its validity', and, moreover, there are Vedic scholars like Prof. Virupaksh Wadiyar, M.A., VedaTirtha and others who clearly express that Rishabha of the Rigveda hymn is the same as the first Tirthankara of the Jainas3. 22 Likewise the epigraphical evidence also bears testimony to the real personality of Rishabhadeva. Most ancient Mohanjo Daro seals may be pointed out in this respect; the nudity and the pose of eyes of the figures engraved on them 1 are the characterising elements and marks of the Jain images. Rai Bahadur Ramprasada Chanda, M.A., remarks rightly about them: 66 Yoga or religious meditation is the common element of all historic Indian religions with the exception of Vedic ritualism......... The Kayotsarga (dedication of the body) posture is peculiarly Jaina. It is a posture not of sitting, but of standing. In the Adipurana (XVIII) Kayoisarga posture is described in connection with the penances of Rishabha or Vrishabh, the first Jina of the Jainas......... Not only the seated deities engraved on some of the Indus seals are in Yoga posture and bear witness to the prevalence of Yoga in the Indus valley in that remote age, the standing deities on the seals also show Kayotsarga posture of Yoga described above......... A standing image of Jina Rishabha is in Kayotsarga posture on a stelle.........in the Curzon Museum, Mathura...... It will be seen that the pose of this image closely resembles the pose of the standing deities on the Indus seals. The name Rishabha means bull and the bull is the emblem of Jina Rishabha. The standing deity figured on seals 3 to 5 may be the proto-type of Rishabha.' "15 1. Asur India, Int. IV. 2, Prof. Stevenson remarked: "It is so seldom that Jainas and Brahmanas agree, that I do not see how we can refuse them credit in this instance, where they do so."-Kalpasutra, Intro. XVI. 3. jainapathapradarzaka bhAga 3 aMka 3 pRSTha 106 / 4. Mohenjo Daro, I, 52-78. 5. Modern Review, Aug. 1932 pp. 156-159.

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No. II 1 WHO WAS THE FOUNDER OF JAINISM. 23 There is not only the resemblance of Jaina image of Rishabha, the first Jina, with the figures on the Indus seals, but certain seals bear an inscription, which Prof. Pran Nath reads as Jineshwara. It is enough to prove the authentic antiquity of the Jaina tradition of Rishabhadeva. Besides it, the ancient Hathi Gumfa inscription of king Kharvela mentions clearly an image of Agra Jina ( i.e., the first Jina : Rishabha ) which was a national asset of the Kalinga people and was taken away to Magadha by a Nanda King'. It means that the tradition of Rishabhadeva is more ancient than that of Nanda period. The religious votaries of the times of Buddha and Mahavira no doubt regarded Rishabha as a real person and worshipped his images. The images of Rishabhadeva and other Jaina deities bearing inscriptions dedicated to Rishabha in the Curzon Museum, Muttra, and excavated from Kanka li Tila also prove this very thing. There were images of Jinas engraved on the plane of that Stupa which was regarded in the Indo-Scythian period, as the work of Devas and which Profs. Bulher and Smith assigned to the time of Parsvanatha i.e , 8th. century B. C. This evidence pushes back the Jaina tradition of 24 Tirthankaras including Rishabhadeva far anterior to Nanda and Mahavira's time. Now, if Rishabha was not a real personage, there is no reason why some people of ancient India should make and worship his images and dedicate inscriptions to him. Hence, we should regard Rishabha as a real personage, and as the founder of Jainism in this cycle of time. 1. IHQ. Vol. VIII No. 2 Suppl. 2. JBORS. III 465-67. 3. Jain Stupa and other Anti: of Muttra.

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MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA .(By Bibhutibhusana Datta) Nemicandra's Time and Place Acarya Nemicandra Siddhanta-cakravarti was a contemporary of celebrated Camundaraya (or Camundaraja), a profound scholar, a brave general and a great statesman. Camundaraya was minister of King Marasimha II (died 975 A. C.) and also of his descendent King Racamalla (or Rajamalla) II (died 984 A. C.) of the Ganga Dynasty of the West. During the reign of the former he won several great, battles. With the advance of age, Camundaraya devoted himself more and more to religion and became one of the greatest promoters of Jainism. Though a disciple of the venerable Saint Ajitasena, he was much devoted also to Nemicandra. In the Gommata-sura of Nemicandra, we find appreciative mentions of Camundaraya. In fact, as has been attested by its commentator, Abhayacandra Traividya-cakravarti, Nemicandra composed that work by way of discourses on scriptures to Camundaraya and in answer to questions put by him. In the same way Nemicandra wrote another work, Triloka-sara by name, so we are informed by his chief disciple, Madhavacandra Traividyadeva, in his commentary on the work. According to the Bahubali-carita (1614), Nemicandra accompanied Camundaraya on a pilgrimage to the image of Gummatesvara at Podanapura and in obedience to his command the latter erected on the Vindhyagiri at Sravana Belgola (Mysore) a colossal image of Bahubali (more commonly known as Gommatasvami or, Gommatesvara), the biggest and most ancient of the three Jain statues (of about 561, 42, and 35 feet in height) which are amongst the wonders of the world " and "undoubtedly the most remarkable of the Jain statues and the largest free standing statues in Asia." This image was completed in 980 A.C.1 1 See the Introduction (pp. xxvff) of Sarat Chandra Ghoshal to his edition of the Dravya-samgraha, with the commentary of Brahmadeva, English translation, notes and an original commentary (in English) by himself, Arrah, 1917.

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26 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I Camunqaraya wrote three books, Camundaraya Purana, Caritra-sara and a commentary (in Kanarese language) of the Gommatasara of Nemicandra. From the colophon of the first work we learn that it was completed in the Saka year 900 (= 978 A.C.). Thus it is found that Acarya Nemicandra lived about 980 A.C. Acarya Nemicandra was a disciple of Acarya Abhayanandi and belonged to the Desiya Gana of the Jainas. This seat flourished mainly in the Karnataka. So it is very likely that Nemicandra came from that part of Hindusthan. That was indeed the field of his activity. Nemicandra's Works Scholars have differred about the works of Acarya Nemicandra Siddhanta-cakravarti. The author of the Bahubali-carita has attributed to him only three works namely the Gommatasara, Labdhisara and Trilokasara. There are internal as well as external evidences to prove that these three works were truly composed by our author. So there cannot and, indeed, has not been, any difference of opinion about them. Unfortunately, we cannot be as sure about others. According to Sarat Chandra Ghoshal," followed by J. L. Jaini, 2 he wrote two other works, Dravyasamgraha and Ksapanasara, probably also Pratisthapatha. Babu Jugalkisore 3 doubts if Muni Nemicandra, the author of the Dravyasamgraha, can really be identified with Nemicandra Siddhanta-cakravarti, the author of the Gommatasara, on the ground of certain difference, pointed out by him, between the philosophical ideas profounded in these two works. In his commentary on the Dravyasamgraha, Brahmadeva states that Muni Nemicandra stayed for some times in the temple of Tirthankara Muni Subrata in the town of Asrama, the capital of Sripala, a 1 Loc cit., pp. xxixff. 2 Gommatasara, Jivakanda, edited with English translation and notes by J. L. Jaini, Lucknow, 1927; Introduction, p. 9. 3 Trilokasara with the commentary of Madhavacandra Traividyadeva, edited by Pandit Manoharalal Sastri ; Introduction, p. 10.

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No. II] MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA. 27 chieftain of the famous King Bhoja of Dhara (in Malwa). He then composed a short treatise of twenty-six verses, entitled Laghu Dravyasamgraha, for a merchant named Soma and subsequently enlarged it into Brhad-Dravyasamgraha. Our author lived long before the time of King Bhoja. The present article on the mathe. matics of Nemicandra Siddhanta-cakravarti is based wholly on materials furnished by his Gommatasara and Trilokasara. So the difference of opinions about his other works just noted does not affect us in the least. It may be mentioned by the way that there is nothing of mathematical interest in the Dravyasamgraha. Nemicandra as mathematician * Except the Trilokasara which treats of the cosmography of the Jainas, other works of Nemicandra are devoted to the Jaiva philosophy. As is shown by his title, Siddhanta cakravarta ("Paramount Lord in the Siddhantas or Jaina Scriptures"), Nemicandra was highly learned in Jaina Scriptures and is still recognised by all as a great authority on them. It appears that he had a fair knowledge also of mathematics. He is found to have employed the law of indices, summation of series, mensuration formulae for a circle and its segment, and permutations and combinations. It is true that most of those results were not new but were known to the anterior Hindu mathematicians. But if we remember that Nemicandra was essentially a philosopher and a saint, the so much knowledge of an abstruse secular science, as displayed by him, will appear very commendable. Some of his results in combinations we have not so far found in any Hindu work before the fourteenth century of the Christian era. Arithmetical Notations From early times there were devised in India various methods for expressing numbers, such as by means of (1) names of things, 1 For a comprehensive account of the nominal notation or word numerals see the following articles of the author : " Sabda-samkhya Pranali " in the Bangiya Sahitya Parigad Patrika, 1335 B. S. (=1928-29 A.C.), pp. 8-30 " Nama-samkhya," Ibid, 1337 B,S., pp. 7-27.

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28 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [ Vol. I (2) letters of the alphabet, (3) tychaeographic abbreviations of number names or expressions, and (4) special symbols. Again in writing in decimal notation a number chronogram in nominal notation (Vama samkhya) or in alphabetic notation (Aksarasankhya or Darna-samkhaya), baving the place-value, the leftward move (vamangati) was followed. Occasionally, however, we meet with instances, especially in the writings of the early Jaina scholars, in which the rightward move (daksina-gati) has to be adopted. Nemicandra has employed most of these notations. For instance, the number 197,912,092,999,680,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000, is stated as "vidhuNidhiNagaNavaraviNabhaNidhiNayaNavaladdhiNidhi khrhtthii| ForAIAETU ATAT..."4 Here the rightward move is followed. But in "TUAAFata TatqTUTAE TOTUTA EFT"5 = 7905694150, the leftward move has to be adopted. For the alphabetic notation, he has applied the Katapayadi system in its second variant. For example, we find "talalInamadhugavimalaM dhamasilagAvicArabhayamerU / argita FET"6 = 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,356 with the leftward move, and 1 For a compresensive account of the aiphabetic notation see the writer's articl " Aksara-samkhya Pranali," in the Bungiya Sahitya Parvad Patrika, 1336 B.S., pp. 22-50. 2 Bibhutibhusan Datta, " Ankanam Vamato gatih," Bangiya Sahitya Parisad Patrika, 1337 B.S., pp. 70-80, 3 Bibhutibhusan Datta, " Jaina-sahitye wama-samkhya," Bangiya Sahitya Parisad Patrika, 1337 B.S., pp. 28-39. 4 Trilokasara, Gatha 21. 5 Ibid, Gatha 313. 6 Gommata-sara, Jivakanda, Gatha 158.

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No. II) MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA. 99 ." vaTalavaNarocagAnaganajaranagaMkAsasasaghadhamaparakadharaM / farauag Uafga" = 413,452,630,308,203,177,749,512,192,000,000,000,000,000,000 with the rightward move. This way of expressing numbers by contrary moves without clearly indicating which move should be adopted in a particular instance introduces a good deal of uncertainty in the arithmetical notation. The number 65,536 is denoted by the abbreviation qrugt of its full expression "paNNTopaMcasayAchattIsA;" 1,294,967,296 by bAdAlaM from "vAdAlaM a303&t 173ra fazarITFITUE!"; and 18,446, 744,073,709,551,616 by the abbraviation game of "ekacacauchassatrayaM ca ca ya surnnstttiysttaa| suraNaM Nava paNa paMca ya ekkaM chakkekkago ya chakkaM ca // 2 -- Law of Indices Before stating Nemicandra's definition of the Law of Indices, we should explain the technical terms employed therein. If N=2", then n is called the ardhaccheda of N. The term ardhaccheda is derived from ardha=" half," cheda="divisor" and it means "the number of times that, a particular number can be halved." Sometimes the word ardha is deleted, and we have simply the term cheda. : In general, if N=x" then n will be the cheda of N with regard to the base x. If N=29" then n' is called the ardhaccheda of the ardhaccheda of N. Nemicandra gives the following rules : " The ardhaccheda of the multiplier plus the ardhaccheda of the multiplicand is the ardhuccheda of the product: it has no more cheda."4 2m x 2" =2m+n. 1 Trilokasara, Gatha 98. 2 Ibid, Gatha 66. 3 Trilokasara. Gatha 8. 4 lbid, Gatha 105,

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30 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I "The ardhaccheda of the dividend minus the ardhaccheda of the divisor is always the ardhaccheda of the quotient." 1 2m = 2n = 2m-n. << The distributed number multiplied by the ardhaccheda of the substituted number will always give the ardhaccheda of the resulting number."9 If the number M be distributed into its units and each unit be then substituted by the number N the resulting number R will be R=NM Now if N=2", then R=21M as stated in the rulo. "The ardhaccheda of the distributed number added with the ardhaccheda of the substituted number is the varga-salaka of the resulting number."3 (2")" - 2014* Thus Nemicandra knew fully the Law of Indices. 20" x x" = xm+", cm = x1 = xm-n, (.zm)" =wmn Series Nemicandra distinguishes fourteen kinds of series (dhara) : * (1) Sarva-dhara (" general series" of natural numbers), 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., N, ... (2) Sama-dhara ("even series "), 2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 2n, ... (3) Disama-dhara ("odd series "), 1, 3, 5, 7, ..., (2n-1), ... 1 Ibid, Gatha 106. 2 Ibid, Gatha 107. 3 lbid, Gatha 108. 4 Triloka sara, Gathas 53-66, 77-88,

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31 No. II] MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA. (4) Krti-dhara ("square series"), 1, 4, 9, 16, ... or 1, 22, 32, 42 , ... , na, ... (5) Akyti-dhara (** non-square series "), 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, ... (6) Ghana-dahra (" cubic series "), 1, 27, 64, ... 1, 28, 33, 43, ..., 93, ... (7) Aghana-dhara ("non-cubic series "): If from a series of natural number, the cubic numbers be omitted, we get a series of this kind. (8) Dargamatrka-dhara, 1, 2, 3, 4,..., v N. (9) Avargamatrka-dhara, VN+1, vN+2, VN+3, ..., N (10) Ghanamatrka-dhara, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...VN (11) Aghanamatrka-dhara, 9N+1, N +2, ... N. (12) Dvirupavarga-dhara 4, 16, 256, 65536, ... or 23, 24, 25, 226, ... 28, ... (13) Doirupaghana-dhara, 8, 64, 4096, ...

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JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I 23, 24, 212, ..., 28.9"-?.... (14) Dvirupaghanaghana-dhara, 83, 86, 812,... or 2 1-1 3 * 2 29, 218, 236, ..., 2 The subject of series is stated to have been treated comprehensively in a special treatise entitled Vrhaddharaparikarma ("Great Treatise on the Operations of Series"). Nemicandra has referred his more enthusiastic readers to :that treatise for fuller informations on the subject, he having noted only a small portion of it suital le foi his practical purpose. No such treatise is available now. It is lost. Arithmetical Progression. Nemicandra says: ** Multiply the number of terms as diminished by unity by the common difference. The product added with the first term gives the last term, and when subtracted from the last term yeilds the first. Half the sum of the first and last terms multiplied by the number of terms becomes the sum of the seri es."2 Let a=the first term, l=the last term, b=the comr on difference, n=the number of terms and Sn = the sum of a series in arithmetical progression ; then the rule says, l=a+(n-1)6, a=1-(n-1)0 Sn=" (a +l). "The number of terms is diminished by unity and then divided by two and multiplied by the common difference. Add the result to the first term and multiply the sum by the number of terms. Know the product to be the sum of the series." 8. =n{a + (47) }; 1Trilokasara, Gatha 91, 2 Ilid, Gatha 163. 3 Ibid, Gatha 164.

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No. II] MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA. To find the number of terms of a series in A.P. whose first and last terms are known as well as the common difference, Nemicandra gives the formula,1 l-a b. Geomteric Progression. To find sum of a series in geometric progression (guna-dhara), Nemicandra describes the following rule: n= "Multiply mutually as many common ratios as there are number of terms in the series; the product is diminished by unity and then divided by the common ratio minus one and multiplied by the first term: the result is the sum of the series in geometric progression," 2 Algebraically 1 Ibid, Gatha 57. where a the first term of a series in G. P., the common ratio and S the sum. Examples from Nemicandra :3 (1+22+23+...+2") a A= 10 +10% +108 p p = Sa s=a (1), = +1 = = (1-1), 9 = p 9 p 80 + (a little less than); p 800 p p + 8.10 8.102 p +... + 10" +.... = + + ... (2n+1-3) a; p = - 12/24 (-11), 72 10n 72(a little less than). 2 Trilokasara, Gatha 231. 33 p 8.10 9 3 Ibid, Gathas, 796-7.

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34 JAINA ANTIQUARY. Mensuration Formulae Circle. Nemicandra says: "The circumference of a circle is grossly equal to three ti es its diameter; and neatly it is the square-root of ten times the square of the diameter. The quarter of the diameter multiplied by the circumference gives the accurate area."1 If C denote the circumference of a circle, d its diameter and A the area then C (gross)=3d, C (neat) =10d2, 4=1Cd. Whence we shall have For calculating the neat value (suksmaphala) of the circumference and of the area of the Jambudvipa the second formula has been employed. It has been stated that if r be the radius of a circle equivalent to a square of side a, then3 d1 =a, ds=(1+22)a, r = 9 -a 16 16 2 *= (-10). 7= [ Vol. I 1 b1= 100000 yojana=a, say b2 =2a, b,=22a,..., bn =2"-1 a; and Circular Annulus. In the Jaina cosmography, the earth is supposed to be a flat plane divided into successive regions of land and water by a system of concentric circles. The innermost region is one of land, called Jambudvipa. Its diameter is 100000 yojana. Breadths of the successive annular regions are stated to be increasing by multiples of 2. Now if b1, b2, bz, ... denote the breadths and di, da, ds,... the corresponding diameters of outer edges, then we shall have 1. Trilokasara, Gatha, 311. See also Gathas 17, 96. 2. Ibid, Gathas 312-13. 3. Ibid, Gatha 18,

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No. II] MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA. dz=(1+2deg +23)a, dn = (1+ 22 +28+ ... +2" )a=(2n+1 -3)a. So Nemicandra writes : "Multiply as many twos as equal to the number (of regions) decreased and also increased by unity; then multiply the results by 100000. Subtract from the products zero and 300000 (respectively). The results will be the breadth and diameter (respectively) of the outer region." 1. He has further stated that the diameter of the outer edge of the nth region=46, - 3a, that of its inner edge = 26,- 3a and mean diameter =36n - 3a. 2 "The two values of the cir Jumference of the Jambudvipa being multiplied by the diameter of any desired land or sea and divided by the diameter of the Jambudvipa, will give the two values of the circumference of that land or sea." 3 "Multiply the sum of the outer and inner edges of an annulus by half its breath and set down the results at two places. Multiply it (at one place) by 3 and (at another place, by v1o. The products will be (respectively) the gross and neat values of the area of the annulus."'4 That is to say, if C1, C, be the inner and outer circumferences of a ciroular annulus of breadth 6 and dj, d, be the corresponding diameters, we shall have Cy: Cy=d, :d, Gross area of the annulus = (di+d216, Neat area of the annulus=VTO(d+d2)6. Segment of a Circle. For the mensuration of a segment of a circle, Nemicandra gives the following rules : 5 1. Ibid, Gatba 309. It should perhaps be noted that the breadth of an annulus (6) is called val iya-vyasa and the diameter of its edge (d) the suci-vyasa. 2 Ibid, Gatha 310. 3 Ibid, Gatha 314. 4 Ibid, Gatba 315. 5 Trilokasara, Gathas 760--766,

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36 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I "The diameter as diminished by the arrow being multiplied by four times the arrow becomes the square of the chord. Six times the square of the arrow being added by that becomes the square of the are. "The square of the chord being added by four times the square of the arrow and then divided by four times the arrow gives as a rule the diameter of the circle. er of the circle. . "A quarter of the product of the chord and arrow, and half the sum of the chord and arrow being multiplied respectively by 10 and the arrow give the gross and neat values of the area of the segment. "The square of the chord being increased by the square of twice the arrow and divided by four times the arrow becomes the diameter. The difference of the squares of the chord and arrow is divided by six ; the square-root of the result is the arrow. . "Subtract the square-root of the difference of the squares of the diameter and chord from the diameter. Know that half the remainder is the arrow.. "The square of the arc as divided by the twice the arrow is diminished by the arrow : half the remainder is the diameter. Diminish by the diameter the square-root of the square of the diameter as added by half the square of the arc: the remainder will be the arrow. "The sum of the diameter and half the arrow being multiplied by four times the arrow gives the square of the arc. On subtracting six times the square of the arrow from that is obtained the square of the chord." If c=chord, h=arrow, a=aro and A'=area of a segment of a cirole of diameter d, we shall have tbe formulae. (i) c2=4h (d-h), (ii) ao=6h2 +0%, (iii) d = c++ th 2 4h ,

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No. II] MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA. =1/10 4 (iv) A: (v) A' = (c+h)h, neatly. c2 +(2h) 2 (vi) d 4h (vii) h= (viii) h = -ch grossly, (ix) d = a 2 -c2 6 (d -- a3 -- c2), - -n). a2 ( a " 2h d2 + a- -d, (x) h = (xi) a2 = 4h (d+1h), (xii) c2=a2-6h2, 37 1 Most of these formulae were known before Nemicandra. (i), (ii)=(xii), (iii)=(vi), (vii), (viii) are as old as the early Jaina canonical works (500-300 B.C.). So far as known the formula (iv) was first given by Jinabhadra Gani (529-589 A.C.) and (v) by Sridhara (=750 A.C.) Though the formula (ix)-(xi) are not found stated elsewhere, they can be easily deduced from the others. Prism, Cone and Sphere. According to Nemicandra, Volume of a prism* = (base) X (height), Volume of a cone or pyramid5 = (base) X (hight), Volume of a sphere = (radius)3. For measuring the volume of a heap of certain seeds such as mastard, etc., which resembles a cone in shape, he gives an approximate formula, 7 (circumference )* x (height). Volume = 1 See the article of the writer on "Geometry in the Jaina Cosmography" in the Quellen and Studien zur geschichte der mathematik.-Abteilving B, Bd. 1, 1930, pp. 24L-254; "The Jaina School of Mathematics " in the Bulletin of the Calcutta Mathematical Society, vol. 21, 1929, pp. 115-145. 2 Brhat Keetra-samasa, i.122. 3 Trisatika, Rule 47, 4 Trilokasara, Gatha 17. Ibid, Gatha 19, 6 Ilid, Gatha 19. 7 Ibid, Gathas 22-23

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38 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. 1 And it is supposed in such a case that Height = ir (circumference). This approximate formula is derived as follows: Base = x (radius) =11 (circumference) putting * = 3. Hence. Volume = { (base) x (height) =(circumference)2 x (height). Isosceles trapezium. Nemicandra writes : " The difference of the face and base divided by the altitude is the rate of decrease of the base in proceeding towards the face and also the rate of increase of the face in going otherwards. Half the sum of the face and base multiplied by the altitude is the area. The area multiplied by the height is the volume."1 That is to say, if a denote the face, 6 the base and h the altitude of an isosceles trapezium, we shall have Rate of decrease of b or increase of a = -, Area = f(b+a)h. Hence at an altitude n' above the base the breadth of the figure will be 0-en and at a depth h" below the face the breadth will be a+(7a)" Permutations and Combinations According to the Jaina philosophy there are fifteen kinds of pramada (" carelessness") of which four form the category of vikatha (" wrong talk '), four that of kasaya ("passion "), five that of indriya ("sense") and one belongs to each of the categories 1 Ibid, Gatha 114,

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No. II] MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA. of nidra ("sleep") and pranaya ("attachment "). Combinations are made of five elements of carelessness selecting only one element from each of the five categories. They are usually done by setting down the elements according to a systematic scheme and are finally marked serially according as they are obtained. Hence the problems that will arise in this respect are, as enumerated by Nemicandra, to find: 1 (i) the total number of combinations that can be made (samkhya), (ii) a systematic scheme of laying out the elements (prastara), 39 (iii) the elements in a combination from its serial number (nasta), (iv) the serial number of a particular combination (samuddista or uddista). The serial number (udditsa) of a combination consisting of the same varieties of the elements will be different, it should be noted, according to the different order in which the different categories are taken successively for the selection of elements. In the above instance, the selection has to be made out of three categories, other two having only one element each. So there will be 6 (=3 x 2 x 1) different orders. In other words, a selection of three elements can have six serial numbers. Nemicandra bas taken the categories in the order vikatha, kasaya and indriya. Again in this order, the representation may be begun by laying out one or all the elements of the first category, vikatha (vide infra). Nemicandra calls the former process of representation as the prastara and the reverse process as the parivartana. Hence according to his calculation, a selection consisting of the same three elements, can have two serial numbers. But, in fact, it can have 12 different serial numbers. 1 Samkhya. Nemicandra writes: "All the combinations previously obtained combine with each element of the next category. Hence the total number will

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40 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [ Vol. I be given by the multiplication (of the numbers of elements in the different categories)." Thus the total number of combinations that can be made out of the fifteen elements of carelessness in the way described above is 4x4x5X1X1=80. Prastara. Nemicandra says: "The distribution is made thus: Write down severally the first element (of the first category) of carelessness and put over it, each of the elements of the succeeding classes. When the elements in the third category are exhausted, begin afresh with the second element of the second category; (and so on). When all the elements of these two categories have been thus distributed out, operations should be begun with (the second element of) the first category. (And so on)." 2 Let us denote the four kinds of vikatha by v,, V2, V3, 4; the four kinds of kasaya by k1, ka, ks, k4; and the five kinds of indriya by i1, ig, i3, i4, 5. Then the representation described here will be as follows: is is is is is k1 V1 is is is is is k1 V2 is is is is is k2 V1 i i2 is is is k2 V2 is is is is is ks V1 is is is is is K3 V2 is is is is ki V1 i iz is is is KA V2 and so on with v3 and 4 in the lowest row. Parivartana. As already stated there can be several alternative processes. Nemicandra has, however, described only one in which the procedure followed is contrary to that just mentioned. He says: "Write down the elements of the first category as many times as the number of elements in the second category; then put over each group severally each of the elements of the 1 Gommatasara, Jrakanda, Gatha 36, 2. Ibid, Gathas 37, 39.

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No. II 1 second category; and proceed thus all throughout. When all the elements of the first category are exhausted, begin afresh with the second category; (and so on). When all the elements of these two categories are thus distributed out, the operation with the elements in the third category begins." 1 That is to say, the representation is in k1 V1 V2 V3 V4 i2 k1 MATHEMATICS OF NEMICANDRA. i k2 V1 V2 V3 V4 12 k2 u i1 K3 V1 V2 V3 V4 i k3 V1 V2 V3 V4. V1 V2 V3 V4 V1 V2 V3 V4 similarly with is, is, and is in the upper row. i1 Ks V1 V2 V3 V4 i2 KA V1 V2 V3 V4 Nasta. To find out the elements occurring in a combination whose serial number is known, Nemicandra gives the following rule: "Divide (the given serial number) successively by the. numbers of elements in the different categories, adding each time: The unity to the quotient, except when the remainder is zero. remainder determines the place of an element in its category; the zero remainder indicates the last element."2 This rule is quite general and is equally available in case of all representations. We shall apply it to find, for example, the 13th combination in the Prastara. Dividing 13 by 5, we get the quotient 2 and the remainder 3. So the combination contains the element is. Adding 1 to the quotient 2, we have 3. On dividing 3 by 4, the quotient is 0 and the remainder 3. Hence there is the element k Now 0+1=1 and dividing 1 by 4, we get the quotient 0 and the remainder 1. So there is v1. Hence the 13th combination of the Prastara is ickzv1. Now in the Parivartana: On dividing 13 by 4, the quotient is 3 and the remainder 1. So the combination contains v1. Adding unity to the quotient, we have 3+1=4. Dividing 4 by 4 we get 1 1 Ibid, Gathas 38, 40 2 Ibid, Gatha 41

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IAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. 1 for the quotient and 0 for the remainder. Hence there is kg. Since the remainder is 0 this time, we shall not have to add unity to the quotient. On dividing 1 by 5, we have the remainder 1. So there is 11. Hence the 13th combination of the Parivartana is v,ksi. Uddista. To determine the serial number of a combination, Nemicandra gives the following rule : "Take unity. Multiply it by the total number of elements in a category beginning from the last one (in the given combination) and subtract from the product the number of elements lying thereia after the given element. Proneed (successively) in the same way througout." For example, let us find the serial number of the combination isk:Vi. The last element in this combination belongs to the category of v. So the calculation must be begun with that. As directed in the rule, we take 1. As there are 4 elements in the category of o, we multify it by 4 and get 1 x 454. Since there are 3 elements, namely 02, 03, 04, in that category after 01, we subtract 3 from the product and get 4-3=1. Now we shall have to multiply the remainder 1 by 4, since there are 4 elements in the category of k and then subtract from the result 1, since there lies only one element, namely kg. after kg. Thus we get 1x 4-=3. Next we multiply 3 by o, there being 5 elements in the category of i and then subtract 1, as there is only one element, viz., is, after is. So we have 3x5-1=14. Hence the serial number of the combination isk30, is 14. To determine the nasta (i.e., the elements of a combination from its serial number) and the uddista (i.e:, the serial number of a combination for its elements), more readily without going through the lengthy processes of calculations described above, Nemioandra gives two short tables. "He says: "Place 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 0, 5, 10, 15; 0, 20, 40 and 60 in three rows (of cells) of the three categories of carelessness and find the 'elements and, the serial numbers of combinations in the Prastara).>> 1 Ibid, Gatha 42. 2 Ibid, Gatba 43

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No. II ] MATHEMATIOS OF NEMICANDRA. TABLE I V4 1 Vg 40 / 60 - "Set down 1, 2, 3, 4 ; 0, 4, 8, 12; 0, 16, 32, 48 and 64 in thrre rows (of cells) of the three categories of carelessness and find the elements and the serial numbers of combinations (in the Parivartana)." 1 TABLE II 16 48 64 To find the serial number of a given combination we have simply to add together the figures present in the cells of its elements in the Tables. And to determine, on the contrary, the elements 1 Gommalasara, Jivakanda Gatha 44

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JAINA ANTIQUARY, [Vol. I occurring in a combination whose serial number is given, we shall have to break up that number into three parts picked up from three rows of cells in the Tables and write down in order the elements from those cells. For example, since 13=3+10+0, the 13th combination in the Prastara is i k 0,; and that in the Parivartana is v, kein, since 13=1+12+0. Nemicandra's methods for finding the serial number of a combination of elements and vice vers from the tables are quite general as will be easily recognised : Suppose the first group consists of p elements ii, iz, is....sip ; the second group has q elements ki, k,, k3,...,kq; and the third group has r elements v1, 02, 0g. ..., 0r. Let Ni km vn) denote the serial number of the combination i, km Vn in the first scheme, that is, the Prastara. Now form the table ... to p cells ki (1-11p * ... to q cells 1p V1+2 pg 2pq |(1 - 1)pq ... to r cells lpg Then N (i km 0m) = 1 +(m-1) p + (n - 1)) pq. In particular, putting p = 5, q = 4, 9 = 4, we get N (iz k, 0,) = 3 + (3-1) 5 + (1-1) 5X4=13, N (is k, vx) =5+ (2 -1) 5+ (4-1) 7 x 4 = 70, as are found from the Table I of Nemicandra,

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Opinions. Jaina Darshana Divakara, Chanipat Rai Jain, Barrister-at-Law, Vidya. varidhi writes from London : " The first issue of the Jain Siddhanta Bhaskara has arrived this week. I have much pleasure in welcoming it as an old friend. I hope it will do really useful work.........I like the coloured portrait of Mahavira in the Kumaravastha very much." Prof. Dr. B. Seshagiri Rao, M.A., Ph. D., M.S.A., etc. writes from Vijianagram : "Many thanks for your sending me the first Number of 'Jain Siddhanta Bhaskara. I have gone thro' it and find it very interesting & valuable reading. You are doing real service to culture by publishing notes on Literary works in Jainism and whole works also hitherto un. published. Years back when I was at school there used to be a magazine called agga gru featafu which did similar service to our Andhra literature. I congratulate you on the present venture." Herbert Warren Esqr. writes from London : "I am in receipt of No. 1 of Vol. No. 1 of the " Jain Antiquary," June 1935 issue, for which I am obliged. It is nicely got up, and no doubt will be useful to students of history and other matters connected with the Jains. I wish it every success. Select Contributions to Oriental Journals. 1. The Journal of the U. P. Historical Society, Vol. VII Nov. 1934 :pp. 52-58.-The significance of the term "Nirgrantha "-by K. P. Jain. The word "nirgrantha " denotes a naked ascetic of Jaina faith and Jainas were known by this name in ancient India. pp 70-72.- Important Sculptures, Prov. Museum, Lucknow... -by R. B. Prayag Dayal, A jain statue of some divinity in abhaymudra, with a canopy of a five-hooded cobra is described. The image compares favourably with that of Nagarjuna excavated at Nalanda in 1919-20. The other image described is that of Mahamanashi-the Yoksini of Shantinatha.

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46 JAINA ANTIQUARY. (Vol. I. 2. Indian Culture, Vol. I, Jany. 1935:pp. 381-391.-Some ancient Indian Tribes by Dr. B. C. Law. 3. Journal of Indian History, Vol. XIII, pt. 2, Aug, 1934 :The genealogy and the chronology of the Early Kadambas of Vanavasi, by Mr. M. Govind Rai. He combats the theory that the early kadambas were all of Jaina persuasion. ... 4. -Silver Jubilee Number of the Quarterly journil of the Mythic Society, 1. Vol. XXV., Jan. 1935:pp. 87-94.-Jainism in kongu Nadu.-- by C. M. R. Chettiar, B.A., B.L. pp. 161-181.- Architecture in the Ganga Period-by M. V. Krishna Rao. 5. Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. X, No 2, June 1934 : 5. 332.-The Jaina Calendar by Dr. S. R. Das. 6. Annals of the Bhandarkara Oriental Research Instt., XV. Jany. 1934 :Samantabhadra's Date and Dr. Pathak by Jugalkishor Mukhtar.

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RULES. The "Jaina Antiquary" (a-gra ) is an Anglo-Hindi aarterly, which is issued annually in four parts, i.e., in June, September, December, and March. 2. The inland subscription is Rs. 4 (including postage) and foreign subscription is 6 shillings (including postage) per annum, payable in advance. Specimen copy will be sent on receipt of Rs. I-4-0. 3. Only the literary and other decent advertisements will be accepted for publication. The rates of charges may be ascertained on application to THE MANAGER, The "Jaina Antiquary' 99 Chowk, Arrah (India). o whom all remittances should be made. 4. Any change of address should also be intimated to him promptly. 5. In case of non-receipt of the journal within a fortnight from he approximate date of publication, the office should be informed it-once. 6. The journal deals with topics relating to Jaina history, geography, art, archaeology, iconography, epigraphy, numisma-. ics, religion, literature, philosophy, ethnology, folklore, etc., from he earliest times to the modern period. 7. Contributors are requested to send articles, notes, reviews, etc., type-written, and addressed to, K. P. JAIN, Esq. M. R. A. S., EDITOR, "JAINA ANTIQUARY" Aliganj, Dist. Etah (India). (N.B.-Journals in exchange should also be sent to this address.) 8. The Editors reserve to themselves the right of accepting, or rejecting the whole or portions of the articles, notes, etc. 9. The rejected contributions are not returned to senders, if postage is not paid. 10. Two copies of every publication meant for review should be sent to the office of the journal at Arrah (India). II. The following are the editors of the journal, who work honorarily simply with a view to foster and promote the cause of Jainology: PROF. HIRALAL JAIN, M.A., LL.B. PROF. A. N. UPADHYE, M.A. B. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN, M.R.A.S. PT. K. BHUJABALI SHASTRI

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ArA jaina siddhAnta bhavana kI prakAzita pustakeM :*: (1) munisuvratakAvya (caritra), saMskRta aura bhASA - TIkA sahita (2) jJAnapradIpikA tathA sAmudrika zAstra bhASA- TIkA sahita (3) jaina siddhAntabhAskara 1ma bhAga kI rama kiraNa 2ya tathA 3ya sammilita kiraNeM (4) bhavana ke saMgRhIta saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI zAstroM kI purAnI sUcI (5) bhavana kI saMgRhIta aMgrejI pustakoM kI nayI sUcI prApti-sthAna jaina - siddhAnta bhavana, ArA ( bihAra ) / prakAzaka tathA mudraka - bAbU devendrakizora jaina, zrIsarasvatI priNTiGga varkasa, ArA / Se 11) // ) (yaha zrarddha mUlya hai ) (m)

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The Jain Antiquary An Anglo-Hindi Quarterly Journal. . M.ranna

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zrIjaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara ke niym| 1 jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara aGgarejo hindI mizrita praimAsika patra hai, jo varSa meM jUna, sitambara, disambara aura mArca meM cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita hotA hai| 2 isakA vArSika candA dezake liye 4) rupaye aura videza ke liye DAka vyaya lekara 4) hai, jo pezagI liyA jAtA haiN| 1) pahale bheja kara hI namUne kI kApI maMgAne meM suvidhA hogii| 3. kevala sAhityasaMbaMdhI tathA anya bhadra vijJApana hI prakAzanArtha svIkRta hoNge| mainejara, jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara, ArA ko patra bhejakara dara kA ThIka patA lagA sakate haiM: manIArDara ke rupaye bhI unhIM ke pAsa bhejane hoNge| 4 pate meM hera phera kI sUcanA bhI turaMta unhIM ko denI caahiye| 5 prakAzita hone kI tArIkha se do saptAha ke bhItara yadi "bhAskara" nahIM prApta ho, to isakI sUcanA jalda Aphisa ko denI caahiye| isa patra meM atyanta prAcInakAla se lekara Adhunika kAla taka ke jaina itihAsa, bhUgola, zilpa, purAtattva, mUrtivijJAna, zilA-lekha, mudrA-vijJAna, dharma sAhitya, darzana, prabhRti se saMbaMdha rakhanevAle viSayoM kA hI samAveza rhegaa| lekha, TippaNI, samAlocanA-yaha sabhI sundara aura spaSTa lipi meM likhakara sampAdaka, zrIjaina siddhAnta-bhAskara, ArA ke pate se Ane caahiye| parivartana ke patra bhI isI pate se Ane caahiye| 8 kisI lekha, TippaNI prAdi ko pUrNataH athavA aMzataH svIkRta athavA asvIkRta karane kA adhikAra sampAdakamaNDala ko hogaa| * asvIkRta lekha lekhakoM ke pAsa binA DAka-vyaya bheje hue nahIM lauTAye jaate| 10 samAlocanArtha pratyeka pustaka kI do pratiyA~ "bhAskara" Aphisa, ArA ke pate se bhejanI caahiye| 11 isa patra ke sampAdaka nimna likhita sajjana haiM jo avaitanika rUpa se kevala mAtra jaina-tattva ke unnati aura utthAna ke abhiprAya se kArya karate haiM : prophesara hIrAlAla, ema.e., ela.ela.bI. prophesara e. ena. upAdhye, ema.e. bAbU kAmatA prasAda, ema.Ara.e.esa. paNDita ke. bhujabalI, zAstrI

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(zrIjaina-siddhAnta-bhavana ArA kA mukha-patra) jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara arthAt prAcIna jaina-itihAsa, sAhitya evaM zodha-sambandhI traimAsika patra - bhAga 2] [kiraNa 3 sampAdaka-maNDala prophesara hIrAlAla, ema. e., ela.ela. bI. prophesara e0 ena0 upAdhye, ema.e. bAbU kAmatA prasAda ema. Ara. e. esa. paNDita ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana dhArA-dvArA prakAzita bhArata meM ) videza meM // eka prati kA vikrama samvat 1662

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viSaya-sUcI hindI-vibhAga viSaya (1) jaya syAd-vAda-kavitA [zrIyuta kalyANa kumAra jaina, 'zazI'] ... (2) amarakIrti gaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza [zrIyuta prophesara hIrAlAla ema0 e0, ela0 ela0 bI0] ... 80 (3) kavivarAzrIjinasenAcArya aura pArvAbhyudaya [zrIyuta tripAThI bhairavadayAlu zAstrI,bI0e0] 63 (4) mahArAja jIvandhara kA hemAMgada deza aura kSemapurI [zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI] 17 (5) itihAsa kA jainagranthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM se ghaniSTha sambandha zrIyuta paM0 haranAtha dvivedI, kAvya-purANa-tIrtha] 103 ... (6) katipaya (di0) jaina saMskRta prAkRta granthoM para prAcIna kannaDa TIkAyeM [zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI] 110 (7) cAmuNDarAya kA cAritrasAra [zrIyuta paM0 milApacandra kaTAriyA] .... 114 (8) mahAbIra kumAra ke tiraMge citra kA paricaya [choTelAla jaina, ema. Ara. e. esa.] 118 (e) jaina siddhAMta-bhavana, pArAkI saMkSipta riporTa [maMtrI-jaina-siddhAMta-bhavana, ArA] 116 granthamAlA-vibhAga(1) prazasti-saMgraha [zrIbuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI] (2) pratimA-lekha saMgraha [zrIyuta bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina] .. ___(3) vedyasAra [zrIyuta satyandhara AyurvedAcArya] . aMgrejI-vibhAga JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA [By Prof. Shripad Rama Sharma, M.A.) 45 A NOTE OE DESIGANA (M. Govind Pai] ... ... 63 OPINIONS

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mUbI kA hosabasadi (candranAtha - caityAlaya)

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// zrIjinAya nmH|| HAMARHIRIDHIANRAILLIRIALLAHURIIIII HIRAIMALAIIMILIARIDEBITHHHHILLIIIII C LEANLINROSTATIALIHITHILD MUSNIRDERHITITITUTOHTOIRIRAMGHLALITY THE JAINA ANTIQUARY. jainapurAtatva aura itihAsa-viSayaka traimAsika patra bhAga 2 disambara 1635 / mArgazIrSa vIra ni0 2462 kiraNa.3 -n irmittarin..................maramanirain...... jaya syAd-vAda! (raca o-zrIyuta kalyANa kumAra jaina 'zazi') tU Uonnata mastaka vizAla nava yuktAyukta-vicAra-sAra ! jenatva tatva kA sphaTika bhAla nita anekAnta kA siMha-dvAra ! apahRta mithyA bhramatimira-jAla karate Aye terA prasAra ! tU jainadharma kA zaMkhanAda ! atulita tIrthaMkara-pUjyapAda ! tIrthaMkara padakI nidhi lalAma; tU pakSApakSa-virUpa-tUpa siddhAntavAda kA sad-virAma, naya-vinimaya kA sAga rUpa prAkRta saMskRti kA amaradhAma jUjhe tujhase paNDita-anUpa tUsaMsRti kA nirupama prasAda ! gautama-gaNadhara jaimini kaNAda ! jaya syodvAd jaya syAdvAda

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amarakIrtigaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza (le0-zrIyuta prophesara hIrAlAla ema.e., ela.ela.bI.) __ - - 1 pothI-paricaya 'jenamitra' kI purAnI phAiloM ke panne palaTate samaya eka jagaha mujhe motI kaTarA AgarA, ke digambara jaina mandira ke kucha hastalikhita granthoM kI sUcI dekha pdd'ii| inameM amarakIrtikRta SaTkarmopadeza kA bhI ullekha thaa| sUcIkAra ne ise kevala prAkRta grantha kahA hai, para jo thor3A sA avataraNa vahAM uddhRta kiyA gayA thA usase mujhe nizcaya hogayA ki vaha prantha apabhraMza bhASA meM hai| yaha bhASA bar3I mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki vaha prAcIna saMskRta, prAkRta aura Adhunika hindI, marAThI, gujarAtI Adi dezI bhASAoM ke bIca kI eka kar3I hai| isa bhASA ke grantha abhItaka bahuta kama milate the| jo mile hai unako saMzodhanapUrvaka prakAzita karAne kA maiM kaI varSoM se prayatna kara rahA huuN| ataeva ukta prati ko dekhane kI mujhe icchA huii| nidAna, mahAvIra presa, AgarA, ke mAlika zrIyukta mahendra jI kI kRpA se vaha prati mujhe avalokanArtha prApta ho gii| yaha prati 1145" iMca lambe caur3e dezI kAgaja ke 102 patroM para hai| patroM meM dAye. bAMye 1 // iMca, tathA Upara nIce 1 iMca hA~siyA chUTA huA hai| pratyeka pRSTha para 11 paMktiyAM, . va pratipaMkti meM lagabhaga 35 akSara haiN| purAno pratiyoM ke prathAnusAra patroM ke bIca meM sthAna chUTA huA hai| 70 patra purAne aura zeSa usase pIche ke dUsare hAtha se likhe hue pratIta hote haiN| purAne patroM meM bhI naM. 2 kA patra gAyaba ho jAne se kisI tIsare hAtha kA likhA huA pana usake sthAna para jor3a diyA gayA hai| kaI patra Adhe, cauthAI, phaTa gaye the, unako jor3akara aura truTita aza punaH likha kara marammata kI gaI hai| isa taraha isa prati ne bahuta jamAnA dekhA hai aura kAgaja ne zatra oM se kAphI yuddha kiyA hai| anta meM jo lipi kA samaya diyA gayA hai vaha usa zeSa aMza ke likhe jAne kA hai| lekha isa prakAra hai:___"saMvat 1884 kA bhAdavA mAze zukla pakSa tithau 2 zukravAsare lIpakRtaM mahAtamA panAlAla vAsI savAI jayapuraka lISI AgarA madhye // zubhaMgamastu chaachaach||" mUla prati isase kaI sau varSa kI purAnI jJAta hotI hai| anumAna hotA hai ki AgarA kI purAnI prati khaMDita hogaI thI, usakI pUrti savAI jayapura-nivAsI mahAtmA pannAlAla-dvArA karAI gaI thI, sambhavataH yA to mUla prati ke jIrNa aMza para se hI yA jayapura kI kisI

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kiraNa 3 ] amarakIrtigaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza prati para se / ukta 'mahAtmA' kA likhA huA aMza zuddha to nahIM hai para itanA azuddha bhI nahIM hai jitanA ukta vAkya kI azuddhatA para se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| I 2 kavi paricaya * kavi ne apane grantha ke Adi aura anta meM apanA kucha paricaya dene kI kRpA kI hai jisase unake viSaya meM bahuta sI jJAtavya bAteM vidita ho jAtI haiM / unakA nAma amarakIrti thA / unhoMne apanI 'muni', 'gaNi' aura 'sUri' upAdhiyAM bhI jAhira kI haiM jinase jJAta hotA hai ki ve gRhasthAzrama tyAga kara dIkSita hogaye the aura unhoMne bahuta vidvattA prApta kI thii| unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA bhI do hai jisase ve mAthura saMghI aura candrakIrti munIndra ke ziSya siddha hote haiM / unakI pUrI guruparamparA isa prakAra pAI jAtI hai* amiya (amitagati) 1 zAntisena T amarasena zrISe I Page #209
bhAskara [bhAga 2 kisI rAjo ko prasanna karane kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA, kintu ve gisa rAjA ke samaya meM hue haiM vaha ujjainI kA rAjA maMja bar3A guNagrAhI aura sAhitya-premI thaa| Azcarya nahIM ve hI amitagati ke kAvyoM, vizeSataH unake subhASitoM kI gaMdha pAkara prasanna hue hoN| bhamitagati sacce digambara muni the| ve rAja-mahArAjAoM ko kRpAkaTAkSa ke bhUkhe nahIM the aura na unake ruSTa-tuSTa hone kA unheM koI harSa-viSAda thaa| isIse unhoMne muMja kI usa prasannatA kA apane kAvyoM meM ullekha karane kI paravAha nahIM kii| ina amitagati ne bhI apane ko mAthurasaMghI kahA hai| isase amarakIrti kI guruparamparA vAle 'amiyagaI aura inake abhinna hone meM koI zaMkA nahIM rhtii| amitagati AcArya ke granthoM meM unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1050 se 1073 taka pAyA jAtA hai| unase paune do sau varSa pazcAt pAMcavI pIr3hI meM amarakIrti hue| isa taraha ina donoM ke samaya kA bhI sAmaJjasya baiTha jAtA hai| pUrvokta paramparA ke zAntisenagaNI ke sambandha meM kavi ne kahA hai ki mahIza bhI unake caraNa-kamaloM ko namana karate the, zrISeNa sUri vAdirUpI bana ke liye agni hI the, aura usI taraha candrakIrti vAdirUpI hastiyoM ke liye siMha the| isase jAna par3atA hai ki isa paramparA meM bar3e vidvAn muni hote rahe haiN| (mAthurasaMgha kASThAsaMgha kI eka zAkhA thii| isake sambandha meM maiM eka svatantra lekha likha rahA huuN|) ___ amarakIrti jI ko vartamAna grantha kI racanA ke liye prarita karanevAle sadgRhastha kA nAma ambAprasAda thaa| ve nAgarakula meM utpanna hue the aura unake mAtA-pitA ke nAma kramazaH carciNI aura guNapAla the| yaha grantha unhIM ko samarpita kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka saMdhi ke samApti-sUcaka vAkya meM unakA nAma smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa kAjya ko kavi ne unakI anumati se banAyA aisA kahA gayA hai| kahIM kahIM inhIM ambAprasAda ko kavi ne apanA: laghubandhu' aura 'anuja bandhu' kahA hai jisase anumAna hotA hai ki hamAre kavi bhI isI kula meM utpanna hue the aura ambAprasAda ke bar3e bhAI the| apanI guruparamparA meM amarakIrti ne apane ko candrakIrti muni ke 'anuja sahodara' aura ziSya kahA hai, isase unake ye guru bhI sage bar3e bhAI siddha hote haiN| isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne 'gujara' viSaya ke madhya 'mahIyaDa' deza ke 'godahaya' nAmaka nagara ke zrAdIzvara caityAlaya meM baiThakara kI thii| spaSTataH gurjara viSaya gujarAta prAnta kA 1 amitagati AcArya ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnane ke liye dekho paM0 nAthUrAma-kRta 'vidvadUratnamAlA pRSTa 115 aadi| 2 dekho pariziSTa 2 (14, 18, 16 NaMdau aMbapasAu viyakkhaNu / amarasUri-lahubaMdhu sulakkhaNu) 3 dekho pariziSTa 1 (1, 6, 10 baMdhaveNa aNujAyaI......aMbapasAyaI) 4 dekho pariziSTa 1 (1, 4, 4 Adi)

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kiraNa 3 ] amarakIrtigaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza 83 araka hai| vicAra karane se mahIyaDa deza vartamAna 'mahIkAMThA' tathA godaya nagara vartamAna 'godhrA' nagara ke bodhaka pratIta hote haiN| mahIkAMThA ejensI kI vartamAna sImA saMkucita kara dI gaI hai jisase godhrA nagara paMcamahala jile meM par3atA hai / kavi ke samaya meM vaha mahIkAMThA pradeza meM hI sammilita thA / sambhavataH ambAprasAda yahIM ke nivAsI the / eka jagaha kavi ne unheM kRSNapura- vaMza-vijayadhvaja" kahA hai| yaha kRSNapura ( kaNhapura) vaMza yA to nAgara kula kA hI bodhaka hai yA nAgara kula usake antargata thA / sambhava hai yaha vaMza pahale kisI kRSNapura se yahAM Akara basA ho isI se vaha kRSNapuravaMza kahalAyA / 3 racanA - kAla 1234 se 1236 kavi ne apane grantha kI racanA kA samaya bhI likha diyA hai| unhoMne apanA yaha kAvya vikrama saMvat 1247, bhAdrapada mAsa ke dUsare (zukla ?) pakSa kI caturdazI dina guruvAra ko samApta kiyA thA / kavi ke samaya meM godhrA meM cAlukyavaMzI nRpa vaMdiggadeva ke putra kaNha (kRSNa) narendra kA rAjya thA / itihAsa se prasiddha hai ki isa samaya gujarAta meM cAlukya arthAt / solaMkI vaMza kA rAjya thA jisakI rAjadhAnI anahilavAr3A thI / para usa vaMza meM vaMdigAdeva aura unake putra kRSNa kA koI ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA / pUrvokta samaya meM analivAr3A ke siMhAsana para bhIma dvitIya pratiSThita the jinhoMne vikrama saMvat 1236 se 1266 taka rAjya kiyaa| unase pUrva vahA~ kumArapAla ne saMvat 1200 se 1231 taka, ajayapAla ne 1231 se 1234 taka aura mUlarAja dvitIya ne taka rAjya kiyA thaa| bhIma dvitIya ke pazcAt vahAM solaMkI vaMza kI eka zAkhA bAghela yA bAghera vaMza kI pratiSThA huI jisake prathama nareza vizAladeva ne 1300 se 1318 taka rAjya kiyA, para hilavAr3A meM isa vaMza kA bala saMvat 1227 se hI bar3hanA prArambha ho gayA thA / isa varSa meM kumArapAla kI mAtA kI bahina ke putra arAja ne anahilavAr3A ke nikaTa bAghelA grAma kA adhikAra pAyA thA / jAna par3atA hai ki cAlukya vaMza kI eka zAkhA yA to pahale se hI mahIkAMThA pradeza meM pratiSThita thI aura godhrA meM apanI rAjadhAnI rakhatI thI yA aNahilavAr3A meM bAghela vaMza kA bala bar3hate hI vahAM pratiSThita ho gaI thI / kavi ne vahAM ke kRSNa narendra kI kIrti kA khUba varNana kiyA hai / ve nIti ke pUre jAnakAra the, bhItarI aura bAhirI zatruoM ke vinAzaka the tathA SaDdarzana kA bhakti se 1 dekho pariziSTa 1 (1, 8, 7 suNi kaNhapura- vaMsa - vijayaddhaya ) 2 dekhA pariziSTa 2 (14, 18, 8010 ) 3 dekhA pariziSTa 1 (1, 2, 1 Adi) History of Gujrat in Bombay Gazeteer Vol. I.

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bhAskara 84 [ bhAga 2 sanmAna karate the, mAno kSAtradharmaM ne hI zarIra dhAraNa kara liyA ho / dharma, paropakAra dAna meM unakI pravRtti thii| unake rAjya meM duHkha, durbhikSa va roga koI jAnatA hI na thA, ityAdi / 4 kavi kI racanAe~ kavi ne grantha ke isI prastAvanA - bhAga meM apane banAye hue anya granthoM kA bhI ullekha kara diyA hai jisameM nimna granthoM ke nAma pAye jAte haiM' _ 1 miNAha- cariu (neminAtha - caritra) 2 mahAvIra cariu 3 jasahara - cariu ( yazodharacarita) 4 dharmacaritra - TippaNa 5 subhASita-rana-nidhi 6 dharmopadeza- cUDAmaNi 7 dhyAna- pradIpa ( jhANapaIDa) chakkammuvarasa ( SaTkarmopadeza) inameM se jasahara cariu ke sambandha meM unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki use unhoMne paddhaDiyA honA siddha hai / subhASita-ratnanidhi sundara zlokoM kA zikSA dI gaI hai| baMdha meM racA thA jisase usakI racanA kA apabhraMza meM ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki usameM unhoMne saMskRta ke dhyAnapradIpa ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki usameM dhyAna kI ko unhoMne aisA racA thA ki jar3a bhI use acchI taraha samajha jAya / nahIM kahA ja sakatA yaha sundara TippaNa unhoMne kauna se dharmacaritra para banAyA / kahIM dharmacaritra se unakA tAtparya unakI paramparA ke pUrva AcArya amitargAta dvArA racita dharmaparIkSA se to nahIM hai ? jasahara-variu aura subhASitaratna-nidhi ko chor3a kara zeSa granthoM kI bhASA kyA thI yaha kavi ne prakaTa nahIM kiyA / unakA TippaNagrantha to saMskRta meM hI rahA hogA, kintu bahuta sambhava hai ki zeSa saba grantha, aura vizeSataH romiyAha - cariu aura mahAvIra - cariu, apabhraMza meM hI race gaye hoM / kavi ne kahA hai ki ina granthoM ke atirikta unhoMne aura bhI bahuta se kAvya saMskRta aura prAkRta meM race the jinase logoM ko Ananda mileM / atyanta kheda kI bAta hai ki inameM se prastuta grantha ko chor3a kara anya kisI bhI grantha kA hameM abhItaka kucha bhI patA nahIM hai / Upara kahA hI jA cukA hai ki amarakIrtijI kI gaNa aura sUri upAdhiyoM se unakI vidvattA prakaTa hotI hai / prastuta kAvya kI saMdhiyoM kI puSpikAoM meM unhoMne isa racanA ko mahAkAvya aura apane ko mahAkavi kahA hai / 1 dekho pariziSTa 1 (1, 7, 1 Adi) 1 saMgraha kiyA thA / dharmacaritra - TippaNa

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kiraNa 3 ] amarakIrtigaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki unameM pramAda bilakula nahIM thA aura ve dina-rAta sundara kAvyoM ke avalokana meM lavalIna rahA karate the| prastuta prantha 14 saMdhiyoM meM samApta huA hai, usameM kula 215 kaDavaka haiM aura sampUrNa grantha 2500 zloka-pramANa hai| isa bhArI grantha ko kavi ne kevala eka mAha ke samaya meM hI raca DAlA thaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki kavi pratibhAzAlI, vidvAn aura vyAsanI the| ambAprasAda jI ne kahA thA "Apane apane sukavitva-dvArA apane gurukula aura tAtakula donoM ko pavitra, zAzvata aura mahAn banA diyA hai| kyA hama AzA kareM ki isa prazaMsA ke AdhArabhUta kavi ke una saba yA unameM se bahuta se granthoM ke hameM kabhI darzana prApta ho sakeMge? SaTkarmopadeza ke jina aMzoM ke AdhAra para pUrvokta vRttAnta likhA gayA hai unheM pariziSTa meM dekhiye| isa grantha ke viSaya aura kAvya kA paricaya agale lekha meM karAyA jaaygaa| pariziSTa -88 SaTkarmopadeza kI pUrvapIThikA prArambha paramappaya-bhAyaNu suha-(gai)-pAvaNu NihaNiya-jamma-jarA-maraNu / sAsaya-siri-suMdaru paNaya-puraMdaru risahu Navivi tihuvaNa saraNu // (saMdhi 1, kaDavaka 4-8) aha gujara-visayahu majjhi delu NAmeNa mahIyaDu bahu-papasu / NayarAyara-vara-gAmahiM Niruddha, NANA-payAra-saMpai-samiddha / paramAtma-pada ke bhAjana, zubhagati ko prApta karAnevAle, janma, jarA aura maraNa ke vinAzaka, zAzvatalakSmI se zobhAyamAna, indroM dvArA pUjya aura tribhuvana ke zaraNa RSabhadeva bhagavAn ko namaskAra karake (maiM kAnya racanA karatA huuN)| atha gurjara (gujarAta) viSaya ke madhya meM mahIkaTa (mahIkAMThA) nAmakA deza hai jisake antargata bahuta se pradeza haiN| vaha bar3e bar3e nagaroM aura uttama grAmoM se bharA huA tathA nAnA prakAra kI sampatti se 1 dekho pariziSTa 2 (14, 18, 10 ikke mAse ihu sammattiu) 2 dekho pariziSTa 1 (1, 7, 6 paI gurukulu tAbaho kulu pavittu / sukaiteM sAsau kiu mhNt)|

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bhAskara [ bhAga 3 tahiM Nayaru asthi gAdahaya-NAmu NaM saggu vicittu sures-dhaamu| pAsAyahaM paMtiu jahiM sahati sarayambhahu sohA NaM vahati / dhaya-kiMkiNi kalarAvahiM sariddhi NaM kahai surahaM pAviya pasiddhi / ghattA-desAgaya-lAyahiM jAya-poyahiM jaM Nievi maNi mariNayau / evahiM saMkAsau lacchi-payAsau Nayaru Na aNNu pavariNayau // 4 // taM cAlukka-basi Naya-jANau pAlai kaNha-riMdu pahANau / jo bajhaMtarAri-viddhaMsaNu bhattie sammANiya chadasaNu / Niva-vaMdiggadeva-taNu-jAyau khattadhammu NaM darisiya-kAyau / . . sayala kAla bhAviya Niva-vijau puhavihiM...vi Natthi taho viju| dhamma-parovayAra-suha-dANaiM Nicca-mahUsava buddhi smaanniN| 5 jAsu raji jaNu eyaha mANai dukkhu duhikkhu rou Na viyANaI / risaha-jiNesa ho tahiM ceIharu taMgu suhA-sohiu NaM sasaharu / dasaNeNa jasu duriu vilijai puNNa-heu jaM jaNi maNNijai / ghattA-amiyagai mahAmuNi, muNicUr3AmaNi, Asi titthu smsiildhnnu| viraiya-bahu-satthau, kitti-samatthau, saguNANaMdiya-Nivai-maNu // 5 // 10 samRddhizAlI hai| vahA~ godahaya (godhrA) nAma kA eka nagara hai mAno vaha sureza kA nivAsa sthAna vicitra svarga hI ho| jahAM prAsAdoM kI paMktiyA~ virAja rahI haiM mAno zaratkAla ke meghoM kI hI zobhA ko dhAraNa kiye hoN| dhvajA-kikiNioM ke kalarava dvArA mAno vaha kaha rahI thI ki usane devoM kI samRddhizAlI prasiddhi prApta krlii| use dekhakara nAnA dezoM se Aye hue loga pramudita hokara apane mana meM vicArane lagate the ki isake samAna lakSmIvAna nagara to anya koI nahIM varNana kiyA gayA / usa nagara kA pAlana nItikuzala, cAlukyavaMza meM pradhAna kRSNanarendra karate the| ve bAhya aura abhyantara zatruoM kA vidhvaMsa karanevAle the tathA SaDdarzana kA bhakti sahita sanmAna karate the| ve nRpa vaMdigadeva ke tanuja (putra) the, mAno kSatriya dharma ne hI zarIra dhAraNa kara liyA ho| ve sadA kAla rAjavidyAoM kA abhyAsa kiyA karate the| pRthvIbhara meM unakI tulanA karanevAlA koI nahIM thA (?) / dharma, paropakAra, sukha, dAna aura nitya-mahotsava inheM hI loga unake rAjya meM apanI apanI buddhi ke anusAra mAnate the, para duHkha, durbhikSa yA roga kA unheM koI anubhava nahIM thaa| usI nagara meM RSabhadeva tIrthakara kA caityAlaya thA jo U~cA aura sudhA (cUnekI putAI) se zobhAyamAna thA mAno candra hI ho| usake darzana se pApa vilIna ho jAte the| vaha logoM meM puNya kA hetu mAnA jAtA thaa| vahA~ municUr3AmaNi, zama aura zIla ko hI apanA dhana samajhanevAle, aneka zAstroM ke racayitA, kIrti meM samartha tathA apane guNoM dvArA nRpati ke mana ko Anandita karanevAle mahAmuni amitagati hue| unake ziSya zAntiSeNa gaNi hue jinhoMne apane caraNakamaloM para mahIza ko bhI namA diyA thA /

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kiraNa 3] amarakIrtigaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza 85 gaNi saMtiseNu taho jAu sIla Niya caraNa-kamala-ppAmiya-mahIsu / mAhura-saMghAhiu amaraseNu taho huu viNeu puNu haya-dureNu / siriseNusUri paMDiya-pahANu taho sIsu vaai-kaannnnaa-kisaannu| puNu dikkhiu taho tasiri-NivAsu atthiynn-sNgh-buh-puuriyaasu| paravAi-kuMbhi dAraNa-maiMdu siri caMdakitti jAyau muNiMdu / taho aNuu sahoyaru sIsu jAu gaNa amarakitti nnihnniy-pmaau| ahaNisu sukaitta-vilAya-lINu jAmacchai bahuviha suya-pavINu / tAmaNNahiM diNi vihiyAyareNa NAyara-kula-gayaNa-diNesareNa / caJciNi-guNazalahaM gaMdaNeNa avaviNNa-dANa-periya-maNeNa / ghAtA-bhanvayaNa pahANe, buhaguNa jANe, baMdhaveNa aNujAyaI / se sUri pavittau, lahu viNNattau, bhattieM aMbapasAyaI // 6 // 10 paramesara paiM Navarasa-bhariu viraiyau NemiNAhaho criu| aNNu vi carittu savvattha sahiu payaDatthu mahAvIraho vihiu / tIyau carittu jasahara-NivAlu paddhaDiyA-baMdhe kiu pyaasu| TippaNau dhammacariyaho payaDu tiha viraiu jiha bujjheha jaDu / sakya-siloya-vihi-NiyadihI guMphiyau suhaasiy-rynn-nnihii| 5 unake ziSya phira pApoM kA nAza karanevAle, mAthurasaMgha ke adhipa amarasena hue| unake ziSya zrISeNa sUri hue jo paNDitoM meM pradhAna aura vAdirUpI vana ke liye kRzAnu (agni) the (arthAt unhoMne saba vAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAsta kara diyA thaa| phira unake dIkSita ziSya zrI candrakIrti munIndra hue jo taparUpI lakSmI ke nivAsa, arthijanasamUha kI AzA ko pUrI karanevAle tathA dUsare vAdirUpI hAthiyoM ke liye mRgendra the| unhIM choTe sahodara gaNi amarakIrti unake ziSya hue| inhoMne pramAda kA sarvanAza kara DAlA thA, ve aharniza satkAyoM ke avalokana meM lIna rahate the aura nAnA prakAra ke zAstroM meM pravINa the| eka dina nAgarakula-rUpI AkAza ke sUrya, carciNI aura guNapAla ke nandana, bhanyajanoM meM pradhAna, vidvAnoM ke guNoM ko pahacAnanevAle tathA amarakIrti ke) anuja bandhu ambAprasAda ne apane diye hue dAna kI mana meM preraNA se, bhaktisahita aura Adara karake sUri jI se sahaja hI prArthanA kI"he paramezvara ! Apane navarasoM se bharA huA neminAtha-caritra rcaa| dUsarA saba artha-sahita mahAvIra kA caritra banAyA jisakI kathA prasiddha hI hai| tIsarA caritra yazodhara nRpa kA paddhaDiyAbaMdha meM prakAzita kiyA / dharmacaritra kA TippaNa Apane aisA spaSTa racA ki jar3abuddhi bhI usase bodha lAbha karane / Apane saMskRta zlokoM kI vidhi dvArA Ananda utpanna karanevAle subhASitaratna nidhi kA saMgraha kiyaa| dharmopadeza-cUr3AmaNi nAmaka, tathA dhyAna kI zikSA denevAle dhyAnapradIpa aura

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ti L [ bhAga 2 dhammopasa-cUr3AmaNikkhu taha phANa-paIDa ji mANasikkhu / chakammuSa sahu pabaMdha kiya graha saMkha saI saJcasaMdha / sakkaya- pAiya kavvaya ghaNAI avarAI kiya raMjiya-jaNA hU~ / paI gurukula tAyaho kulu pavittu sukainheM sAsau ki mahaMtu / kayaNa - vayaNAma jepiyaMti ajarAmara hoina te giyaMti / jiha rAma-pamuha suryAkitivaMta kaimuha-suhAi pecchAhaM jiyaMta / kara tuTThau appApa samaNu akkhayataNu karaha pasiddhigaNa / ghattA- -maMtAsahi-devahaM, kiya-cirasevahaM, dhuu pahAu Nahu sIsauM / parakAya-pavesara, kiya-sAsayataNu tiha jiha kahahiM padIsaha // 7 // mAhAsahi paNiya sammai aikAruNNeM gihi chakammaraM / jAI karata bhaviya saMcai di idiNi suhu dukkayahiM vimuJcara / tehiM vivajjiu garabhau bhavvahaM chaggA-gala dharaNa - samu gaya-gavvahaM / ma mUr3he kiM piNa ciMtiu puNNakammu iya kammu pavittara | bhava kANi bhulo mahu akkhahi samma maggu sAmiya mA vekkhahi / marasUri tavvayaNANataru payass gieiskammahaM vittharu / 5 bhAskara 10 unhIM ke sAtha sAtha SaTkarmopadeza* isa prakAra ATha prabandha, he satyasaMdha, Apane raca DAle / saMskRtaprAkRta ke aura bhI bahuta se kAvya Apane banAye jinase logoM kA manoraJjana hotA hai / Apane apane sukavitva dvArA gurukula aura tAtakula donoM kuloM ko pavitra, zAzvata aura mahAna banA diyA hai / kavijanoM ke vacanarUpI amRta ko jo pI lete haiM ve ajara amara ho kara (saba kucha) dekhate haiM / jaise rAma Adi prasiddhakIrtiM mahApuruSa kavi ke mukha kI mahimA se jIte hue dikhate haiM / yadi kavi prasanna ho jAya to apane ko aura dUsare ko samAnarUpa se akSayatana aura suprasiddha kara sakatA hai| yaMtra, auSadhi va devoM kI cirakAla taka sevA karane para bhI ziSya ko parakAya- praveza karane va amarazarIra hone kA vaha prabhAva nahIM milA jo eka kavi kI sevA karane meM pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai // 7 // aba dayA karake Apa mujhe gRhastha ke chaha karmoM kA upadeza dIjiye jinake pAlane se bhavya prANI pratidina puNya kA saMcaya karatA aura pApoM se chUTatA hai / inake binA nirahaMkAra bhavya prANiyoM kA narajanma ajAgalastana ke samAna niSphala hai| maiM buddhihIna ne abhItaka puNya aura pavitra karma kucha bhI nahIM socA / ataeva isa bhava-kAnana meM bhUle hue ko sanmArga kA upadeza diijiye| he svAmI ! aba vilamba na kIjiye / " unake aise vacana sunakara amarasUri ne tatkAla hI SaTkarmoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana karanA *yahAM prastuta grantha kA ullekha karanA ucita nahIM thA kyoMki isake ne dhAge calakara kI hai| kintu kavi isa sayaya taka apane banAye hue Avega meM isa prasaMga ko bhUla kara kadAcit yahA~ yaha likha gaye / racane kI prArthanA to bhambAprasAda kula granthoM kA ullekha karane ke

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kiraNa 3 ] amarakIrtigaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza hai suNi kaNhapura vaMsa-vijayaddhaya NiyarUvohAmiya-mayaraddhaya / pUyaya devahaM suha-guru-vAsaNA samaya suddha-sajjhAya-payAsaNA / saMjama-tava-dANahaM saMjuttaI jiNadaMsaNi chakkammai vuttii| ghattA-rayaNataya-juttau, sallahiM cattau, gunn-siil-tu-hnniymlu| 10 jo diNi diNi eyaI, karai viheyaI, maNuyajammu taho para sahalu // 8 // SaTkarmopadeza kI antima prazasti (saMdhi 14 kaDavaka 18) vihiyAI subuddhIe eyAI mae gihtth-kmmaaii| amuNateNa suitthaM jiNaNAha payAsiyaM sammaM // 6 // tAI muNivi sohevi NiraMtara hINAhiu viruddha Nihiyakkharu / pheDevau mamattu bhAvaMtihiM amhahaM uppari buddhi-mahaMtihiM / chakkammovaesu ihu bhaviyaho vakkhANivau bhattiI nnviyho| aMbapasAyaI caciNaputte giha-chakamma-pavitta-pavitte guNavAlahu suraNa virayAviu avarehi mi NiyamaNi saMbhAviu / bAraha sayaha sasatta-cayAlihiM vikkama-saMvaccharahu visAlahiM / gayahiM mi bhadavayahu phkvaMtari guruvArammi cauddisi vAsari / ikke mAse ihu sammattiu saI lihiyau Alasu avahatthiu / prArambha kara diyaa| unhoMne kahA "apane rUpa se makaradhvaja ko bhI lajAnevAle, he kRSNapuravaMza ke vijayadhvaja ! suno| devoM kI pUjA, sadguru kI upAsanA, zuddha AmnAya ke zAstroM kA svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna, ye hI milakara jainadarzana meM SaT karma kahe gaye haiN| ratnatraya se yukta hokara, zanyoM kA svAga karake, guNa, zIla tathA tapa dvArA pApoM kA nAza karatA huA jo koI pratidina ina satkarmoM ko karegA usakA manuSya janma pUrNarUpa se saphala hai| yadyapi jinezvara bhagavAn dvArA prakAzita zruti ke artha kA mujhe acchI taraha jJAna nahIM hai tathApi ina gRhastha-karmoM kA maiMne apanI buddhi ke anusAra vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| isameM jo kucha hIna, adhika yA viruddha zabda Agaye hoM unheM buddhimAna mere Upara mamatva bhAva rakhakara vicArapUrvaka zodha leveM aura isa SaTkarmopadeza kA byAkhyAna naye bhavya puruSa ko sunaaveN| isakI racanA SaTakarma-dvArA pavita hue, carciNI ke putra, guNapAla ke suta ambAprasAda ne karAI hai aura dUsare sajanoM ne bhI apane hRdaya meM isakA sammAna kiyA hai|

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 dau parasAsaNa-NiNNAsaNu sayalakAla jiNaNAhahu sAsaNu / NaMdaDa taha vi devi vArasari jiNamuha-kamalubhava prmesri| NaMdau dhammu jiNiMda bhAsiu NaMdau saMghu susIle bhuusiu| NaMdau mahivai dhammAsattau paya paripAlaNa-NAya mahaMtau / NaMdau bhaviyaNu Nimmala-dasaNu chakkammahiM paaviyjinnsNsnnu| NaMdau abapasAu viyakkhaNu amarasUri lahu-baMdhu sulakkhaNu / NaMdau avaru vi jiNa-paya-bhattau vibuha-vaggu bhAviya rayaNattau / ghattA-NaMdau Niru tAvahiM satthu ihu amarakitti-muNi-vihiu pytt| . jAhi mahi mAruva-meru-giri-Nahayalu avpsaaynnimitte||18|| iya chakkammovaese mahAkaisiri-amarakitti-viraie mahAkavve mahAbhabva-aMbapasAyANumaNNie tava-dANa-vaNNaNANAma cauddasamo saMdhI pariccheo smsto||ch||sNdhi|| ch||14|| vizAla vikramasaMvatsara ke 1247 varSa bItane para bhAdrapada mAsa ke dvitIya pakSa kI caturdazI tithi guruvAra ko eka mAsa meM yaha graMtha samApta huaa| maiMne Alasa chor3a kara svayaM ise likhA hai| virodhI zAsana kA nAza karanevAlA jinazAsana sadA kAla Ananda kre| usI prakAra tIrthakara ke mukhakamala se utpanna paramezvarI vAgIzvarI devI Ananda kre| jinendra-dvArA bhASita dharma Ananda kre| sacchola se bhUSita saMgha Ananda kre| dharma meM Asakta, prajA ke paripAlana aura nyAya meM bar3hA-car3hA mahIpati Ananda kre| nirmala darzana kA smAraka tathA SaTakarmoM dvArA jinazAsana kA pAlaka bhavya Ananda kre| amarasUri ke laghubandhu, zubhalakSaNoM se saMyukta aura buddhimAna ambAprasAda Ananda kreN| aura bhI jinapada-bhakta tathA ratnatraya kA dhAraka buddhimAna-varga Ananda kre| yaha ambAprasAda ke nimitta amarakIrti muni-dvArA prayatnapUrvaka banAyA huA zAstra isa loka meM tabataka Ananda kare jabataka yaha pRthvI hai, pavana hai, merugiri hai aura AkAza hai| iti mahAbhanya-ambAprasAdAnumata, mahAkavi amarakIrti-viracita SaTkarmopadeza mahAkAvya kA tapa-dAna-varNana nAmaka caturdazaM saMdhi pariccheda samApta // saMdhi 14 //

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kiraNa 3 ] amarakIrtigaNi aura unakA SaTkarmopadeza SaTkarmopadeza ke ve saMdhipada jinameM kavi va unake preraka ke nAma Aye haiN| saMdhi pattA 1, 13, so loi thuNijaha sAhu bhaNijai amarakitti-payaNihiya mnnu| vajiya-kuviyApau haya kaMdappau aMbapasAya-su(kusIlahaNu / 2, 11, parakAli vi so ciru duzcariu bhavakADIhiM samajiu / lahu aMbapasAeM lahai suhu akarakittigaNi pujiu // 3, 1, jiNaMga-vilepaNa puNNa samiddha / kahA su.Na aMbapasAya pasiddha / 3, 23, jo gaMdhahiM aNisu suyaMdhahiM amarakitti samalahai jiNu / sAsaya suhu so pAvai lahu aMbapasAya visuddhamaNu // 4, 26, tajhyA bhavi hoevi nnrvraa| pAlivirajju rivi sNjmdhraa| . amarakitti-akkhaya suha bhAyaNa / aMbapasAya havesahiM pAvaNa // 5, 14, te pAvivi sAsayaNayari pau amarakitti hoivi acchesahi / siddha-sahAviyaNANataNu aMbapasAya sayalu picchesahi // 6, 1, jiNa Nevaja-kahA AyaNNahi / aMbapasAya bhaviya maNi maNNahi / 6, 14, satta bhava vi hoeviNu Nivai amarakitti so suravaru / maNi bhAvahi aMbapasAya tuDaM pAvesai thira puravaru // 7, 1, NisuNi mahAsaha caJciNi-NadaNa / viraiya amarasUri guru-vaMdaNa / 7, . 8, sArajammu laheviNu kayatavahiM amrkittignni-sNsiyaa| . te hosahiM aMbapasAya puNa, siddha tiloy-nnmNsiyaa|| 8, 18, avaru vi jo bhattau, thirasammattau, amarakitti-jiNu pujjai / dhUve so sivasuhu NihaNiya-bhavaduhu, aMbapasAya samajai // 9, 1, tAhaM kahA vajarami payatte / aMbapasAya NisuNi shiytte| 9, 11, avihu vi pUyAhi phalu amarakitti suhalacchi payAsaNu / aMbapasAya suNatAhaM jaM kuNei jIvahaM bhava-NAsaNu // 10, 1, NisuNi kahA taho pavaravihANaho / abapasAya supuNNaNihANaho / 10, 12, jiNa-pUya-puraMdara-vihi karai ikkavAra jo itthu Naru / so aMbapasAya havei lahu amrkitti-tiysesr|| .

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62 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 11, 1, aNisu karijai suguruvAsaNA / aMbapasAya duriynninnnnaasnnaa| 11, 11, sajjhAyahu saNNihu Natthi paru amarakitti suiThANu variTTau / aMbapasAya karaMtu Niru jaM Naru pAvai NANu maNihiu // 15, 5, paMciMdiyasaMjamu bhaNiu saMkheveM avaru vi AyaNahi / guNavAla-suya NaeNaya guru (1) pAliya saMjamu bahuguNa maNNahi // 12, 18, sammattasuddhi iya maI kahiya. amarakitti-jiNadesiya / bhAvijasu aMbapasAya tuDaM NiyamaNammi savisesiya // 13, 17, SayavaMtu marai sallehaNaI amarakitti suhu pAvai / suNi aMbapasAya visuddhamaNu bhavasammuhau Na Avada //

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kavivara zrIjinasenAcArya aura pArvAbhyudaya (le-tripAThI bhairava dayAlu zAstrI, bI0 e0, sAhityopAdhyAya) - (gatAMka se Age) isa caraNa se yaha vyakta hotA hai ki kAlidAsa kA yakSa madanAgni se isa prakAra vyathita hai ki use cetana acetana kA jJAna tanika bhI nahIM raha gayA hai| parantu, yahAM ___ "yogistasmin jaladasamaye praskhale tmadhairyyAt / kAmArtA hi prakRtikRpaNAzcetanAcetaneSu // " jinasena jI kI nirAlI caturatA camaka rahI hai| jo 'kAmAtI' vizeSaNa meghadUta meM yakSa kI prakRSTa kAmitA kA pradyotaka hai, vahI vizeSaNa yahA~ yogI pArzvanAtha jI ko diyA gayA hai| kintu yogI kAma se pIr3ita nahIM, balki apane kAkSita lakSya kI ora vyagra bhAva se daur3anevAlA batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra apane tIrthaGkara ke 'kAmArtA' isa vizeSaNa se utkRSTa guNa ko dikhA kara jinasena jI ne apanI dharmapriyatA kA ujjvala paricaya diyA hai| gaura se dekhiye, krodhAbhibhUta, khUna ko pyAsA zatru yakSa yogI kI tapasyA se kisa prakAra prabhAvita hotA hai aura apane zikAra ko "yogin" aise zabda se sambodhita karatA hai| thor3A Age bar3hakara dekhane se jinasena jI kI nipuNatA kA aura bhI patA calatA hai| vahA~ to kAlidAsa kA yakSa megha kA apanA choTA bhAI kalpita kara bhrAtRjAyA yAnI apanI * patnI ko dekhane kA adhikArI banAtA hai| parantu yahA~ jinasena jI ke yakSa kI kalpanA nahIM karanI hai| yogI to usakA choTA bhAI hai hii| isaliye bhrAtRjoyA ke darzana kA adhikAra use svataH prApta hai| kAlidAsa ne megha ke sambandha meM jo jo bAteM kahI haiM, una kA samAveza karane ke liye jinasena jI ne megha kI kalpanA kara lI hai| megha ko Upara jAne kI zakti rahatI hai, isaliye alakApurI kA jAnA usake liye sugama thaa| jinasena kA dUta bhAtika zarIra chor3a kara Urdhvagati prApta karatA hai, aura isa prakAra alakApurI jAne meM samartha batAyA gayA haiN| yoM anekoM kalpanAyeM kara jinasenAcArya ne apanA rAstA sugama banAyA hai| __"upamA kAlidAsasya" yaha ukti jagat-prasiddha hai| aba dekhanA cAhiye ki hamAre kavi ne una upamAoM ko lekara kaisI racanA kI hai| ___ "yena zyAmaM vapuratitarAM kAntimApatsyate te| barheNeva sphuritarucinA gopaveSasya viSNoH // " kAlidAsa kI upamA to upamA hI hai, para hamArA kavi bhI pIche nahIM par3A hai| vahA~ to

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bhAskara [mAga 2 bahuraMgI dhanuSa aura bijalI kI camaka se megha mayUrapicchadhArI pItAmbara kRSNa kI zobhA pAtA hai, aura pArthyAbhyudayAmeM "khaDnasyaikaM kathamapi dRDhaM me sahastra prahAram vakSobhAge kulizakaThine procchaladraktadhAram vidyu iNDasphuritarucinA vAridasyeva bhUyaH / yena zyAma vapuratitarAM kAntimApatsyate te||" "zaGkorevaM prahRtamathavA dhatsva zUrApraNI me| ' picchopAgrapratatiruciraM yena zobhAdhikA te krIDAhetoviracitatanorindranIlatviSaH syA barheNeva sphuritarucinA gopaveSasya viSNoH // " khaDDa bijalI kA kAma karatA hai aura bANa kA piccha saptaraMgoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| yogI ke zarIra ko yakSa ne kAlA batAyA ho hai| isa prakAra kavi jinasena jI kI upamA svabhAvikatA meM zobha rahI hai aura kAlidAsa kI upamA taka pahu~cane kA prayAsa kara rahI hai| itanI sAmagriyoM ko ekatrita kara kavi samasyApUrti ke durvaha bhAra kA vahana karatA hai, ataH vaha avazya hI prazaMsA kA pAtra hai| jaba kAlidAsa ke zRGgAra rasa kI avirala dhArAyaM cAroM ora se sira para giratI dIkhane lagatI haiM, to apane yogI kA yogabhraza ke bhaya se bacAne ke liye jinasena jI jhaTiti unheM yogabala se megha kA rUpa dhAraNa karane kA Adeza dekara unheM kAmukatA ke gorakha-dhandhe se bacA lete haiN| kaiso caturAI hai| aisA ho jAne para sArI kI sArI samasyAyeM sIdhI ho jAtI haiM, rAstA sarala ho jAtA hai aura "jJAtAsvAdA vivRtajadhanAM ko vihAtuM samarthaH / " ke doSa se yogI barI ho jAtA hai| kavi kI kalpanA ne adbhuta chaTA dikhAyI hai| "malinamapi himAMzolakSma lkssmiintnoti|" kalAdhara kI kalaGkakAlimA unakI kAMti ko aura bhI kamanIya banAtI hai| kavigaNa apane kAvyoM kA utkRSTa banAne ke liye bhagIratha prayAsa karate haiN| racanA rasamaya ho, guNoM kA AgAra ho, rIti ramaNIya ho, bhAva anUThe hoM, zailI sundara ho, zabda gambhIra hoM, bhASA manohara ho, yahI unake lakSya rahate haiN| isI abhISTa kI siddhi ke liye unheM jI-toDa parizrama karanA par3atA hai| paristhiti meM jisa prakAra avasara pA manuSya ko asAvadhAna dekha roga ke apriya avAJchita kor3e zarIra meM ghusa jAte haiM, usI prakAra kaviyoM kI ravanAmoM meM zrutiduSTAdi doSa cupake se praviSTa ho jAte haiN| isIliye sAhitya-darpaNakAra ko kahanA par3A ki sarvathA nirdoSa kAvya sadA asambhava hai| parantu ye doSa candrakiraNa kI mAI kAvya ke guNoM ke pradyotaka hI hote hai| astu,

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kiraNa 3 ] kavivara zrIjinasenAcArya aura pArzvabhyudaya priya pAThaka ! Apa jAna hI cuke haiM ki hamAre kavi ko dUsare kI bandarI ko nacAnA par3A hai| usa para Aphata yaha ki jo nAca bandarI kA abhyasta hai, vaha nAca nahIM, balki, vilakula viparIta aura nirA nviin| aisI kaThinAI kA sAmanA kavi ko karanA par3A hai| aba yadi kucha apakarSa balAtkAra pA ghuse ho to kAI Azcarya nhiiN| ....................."zuSkavairAgyahetoH / ___ stasminnadrau katicidavalAviprayuktaH sa kaamii||" ityAdi ke dvArA kAmI kamaTha meM vairAgya kA pradarzana prathama dRSTi meM virUddha hI jAna par3atA parantu vairAgya kA yaha eka 'zuSka' vizeSaNa virodha kA mArjana kara kamaTha ke vairAgya ko niSphala batA kAvya ko paripuSTa kara detA hai| "medhaistAvatstanitamukharaiH vidyu dudyotahAsaiH cittakSobhAn dviradasadazairasya kurve nikurvan meghAloke bhavati sukhino'pyanyAvRtti cetaH isa padya meM megha-garjana se yogI ke hRdaya meM citta-kSobha paidA karane kA prayAsa kamaTha kara rahA hai| kyoMki vaha samajhatA hai ki yogI viyukta hai, aura viyukta ke hRdaya meM megha-darzana se vikAra kA honA svAbhAvika hai| yadi aisI bAta sambhava hotI to yogI kI tapasyA hI kaluSita ho jAtI aura kAvya meM mahAna doSa laga jaataa| parantu yaha kalpanA krodhAndha kamaTha kI hai, ataH doSa ke badale yaha utkarNa hI janAtI hai| "kinte vairidviradanaghaTAkumbhasambhedaneSu prAptasyemA samaravijayo vIralakSmyA: karo'yam / nAsmatkhaGgaH dyu tipathamagAdraktapAtotsavAnAm sambhogAnte mama samucito hastasambAhanAnAm // kAlidAsa ke "sambhogAnte" ityAdi isa caraNa se zRGgAra rasa avirAma pravAhita hotA hai| aise bhAva ko bhI kavi ne samasyApUrti ke sAMce meM DhAla kara zRGgAra rasa se haTA pUrNatayA vIra rasa meM pahuMcA diyA hai| yadyapi isake liye unheM 'sambhoga' isa padya ke prasiddhArtha kA parityAga karanA par3A hai aura 'anubhava' yaha artha grahaNa karanA par3A hai, tathApi itane mahAn parivartana ke adbhuta camatkAra ke sAmane prasiddhArtha parityAgadoSa Thahara nahIM sktaa| hAM, "iti viracitametatkAvyamAveSTya megham bahuguNamapadoNaM kAlidAsasya kAvyam / malimitaparakAvyaM tiSThatAdAzazAGka: bhuvanamavatu devaH sarvadAmoghavarNaH" //

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 kAvya kA yaha antima zloka Atma-prazaMsA se gUMja rahA hai| yaha pAThakoM kI A~khoM meM AtmAbhimAna sA khaTakatA hai| parantu, jinasena jI ne isameM aisI yukti nikAlI hai ki "bahuguNamapadoSaM, malinitaparakAvyam" ityAdi vizeSaNa meghadUta ke bhI ho sakate haiM, aura isa taraha AtmazlAghA ke doSa se apane ko bacA liyA hai| ___astu, priya pAThaka vRnda ! zrIjinasenAcArya ne raudra vIra, zAnta ityAdi prAyeNa zRGgAravirodhI rasoM meM zRGgAra kI sajIva mUrti ko parivartita kara ke apanI buddhi kI cama kAritA kA paricaya diyA hai| maiMne yathAsAdhya samayAnukUla isa kAvya ke guNadoSoM kA vivecana to kiyA hai, parantu paga-paga para kavi kI amvaravihAriNI kalpanA hRdayagrAhiNI bhAvaparamparA, ramaNIya racanA unake utkarSa ko mukta kaNTha se svIkAra karane ko bAdhya kara hI detI hai| icchA thI ki apane premI pAThakoM ke sammukha isa anupama kAvya ke sarvAGga kA svarUpa rkkheN| para, samayAbhAva aura lekha ke vRhadAkAra ho jAne ke bhaya se maiMne isa kAvya ke kevala kucha hI aMza kI chAnabIna kI hai| yadi mere isa lekha se pAThakoM kA kucha bhI manovinoda huA to samaya para phira bhI maiM apane tuccha upahAroM ko lekara unake sAmane upasthita huuNgaa| ___ saM0 noTha-prAtaHsmaraNIya mahAkavi jinasenAcAryaracita pArthAbhyudaya ke viSaya meM isa samaya maiM apanI ora se kucha bhI na likhakara "hindIvizvakoSa" bhAga 8, pRSTa 317 kI hI kucha paMktiyA~ nIce uddhRta kiye detA hUM : "yaha 364 mandAkrAntA vRttoM kA eka khaNDa kAvya hai| saMskRtasAhitya meM yaha apane DhaMga kA eka hI kAvya hai| isameM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke suprasiddha 'meghadUta' kAvya meM jitane zloka haiM aura una zlokoM ke jitane caraNa haiM ve saba eka eka vA do-do kara ke isake pratyeka zloka meM praviSTa kara diye gaye haiM, arthAt meghadUta ke pratyeka caraNa ko samasyApUrti kara ke yaha kautukAvaha grantha racA gayA hai| isameM pArzvanAtha svAmI kI pUrva janma se lekara mokSaprApti taka vistRta jIvanI varNita hai| meghadUta aura pArzvacaritra ke kathAnaka meM AkAza pAtAla kA pArthakya hai, tathApi meghadUta ke caraNoM ko lekara pArzvanAtha kA caritra likhanA kitanA kaThina hai, isakA anumAna kAvyaracanA ke marmajJa hI kara sakate haiN| aisI racanAoM meM kliSTatA aura nIrasatA kA honA svAbhAvika hai, kintu 'pArvAbhyudaya' ina donoM doSoMse sApha baca gayA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki inakI racanA kavikulaguru kAlidAsa kI kavitA ke jor3a kI hai| adhyApaka ke0 bI0 pAThaka kA kahanA hai-. ....... "The first place among Indian poets is alloted to Kalidas by consent of all; Jinasena, however claims to be considered a higher genius than the author of cloud Messenger (Meghaduta)" arthAt "yadyapi sarvasAdhAraNa kI sammati se bhAratIya kaviyoM meM kAlidAsa ko pahalA sthAna diyA gayA hai, tathApi jinasena meghadUta ke kartA kI apekSA adhikatara yogya samajhe jAne ke adhikArI haiN|" . ke. bI0 zAstrI

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mahArAja jIvandhara kA hemAMgada deza aura kSemapurI (le0 -- zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI) mahArAja jIvandhara zrImahAvIra svAmI ke samakAlIna tadbhava-mAtagAmI kalAviza eka pratApI jaina rAjA the / zreNikAdi samakAlIna anyAnya katipaya jaina rAjAoM ke samAna inheM bhI aitihAsika vyakti mAnane meM kisI ko kisI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM honI cAhiye / mahArAja jIvandhara hemAGgada deza ke zAsaka rahe / hemAMgada kI rAjadhAnI rAjapurI thii| isa lekha meM sarvaprathama mujhe hemAGgada deza hI para kucha prakAza DAlanA hai / kaniMgahama sAhaba ke "anazeMTa jAgaraphI oNpha iNDiyA" ke AdhAra para bAbU kAmatA prasAdajI ne apane "saMkSipta - jaina-itihAsa" 2ya bhAga 1ma khaNDa Adi meM vartamAna maisUra yA usake nikaTavartI bhUbhAga ko jIvandhara kA hemAGgada deza batalAyA hai / unase pUchatAcha karane para mujhe yaha bhI jJAta huA hai ki kaniMgahama sAhaba ke ukta kathana meM hemAGgada ke pAsa suvarNa kI khAna, malaya parvata Adi kA honA hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai / parantu jIvandhara ke jIvanIviSayaka svatantra rUpa se racita jIvandhara caritra, jovandhara-campU, kSatracUr3AmaNi, gadyacintAmaNi, jIvandharacarite (kannar3a) ina granthoM se hemAGgada ke pAsa suvarNa ko khAna, samudra, malaya parvata Adi kA honA siddha nahIM hotaa| patA nahIM ki kaniMgahama sAhaba ne kisa AdhAra para hemAGgada ke nikaTa malaya parvata Adi ullikhita vastuoM kA astitva mAnA hai / saMbhava hai ki kaniMgahama sAhaba ke kathanAnusAra kisI grantha meM malaya parvatAdi hemAMgada ke vizeSaNarUpa meM milate ho| para merA nijI anumAna hai ki jIvandhara kA hemAGgada dakSiNa bhArata meM na ho kara uttara bhArata meM hI thaa| kyoMki muni ke pUrva kathanAnusAra jisa samaya gandhotkaTa sadyojAta jIvandhara ko zmazAna se ghara legayA usI samaya dhAtrI. vezadhAriNI devI, rAnI vijayA ko daNDakAraNya meM tapasviyoM ke samIpa chor3a kara svayaM kisI bahAne se calI gayI thI / " vaha daNDakAraNya prAcIna kAla meM vindhyaparvata se lekara godAvarI ke kinAre taka vistRta thA / isI vana meM zrIrAmacandra ne varSa bitAye the / isa vana kA bahuta aMza Aja bhI vartamAna hai| prakAra se nizcita sA ho jAtA hai ki rAjapurI isa daNDakAraNya se kara isI ke AsapAsa meM kahIM thI / 1 "kSakhacUr3AmaNi' prathama lamba dekhA / 2 hindI - vizvakoSa bhAga 10 pRSTha 144 / vanavAsa kAla meM 14 isa ghaTanA se eka adhika dUra para na raha

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[ bhAga 2 dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki jIvandhara, yakSa kI anumati se unase vidA le evaM calakara paDhavadezastha candrAbhA nagarI meM pahu~cate haiM aura mantraprabhAva se sarpaviSa se maraNonmukhI rAjA dhanapati kI putrI padmA ko jIvanadAna dekara pIche rAjA ke ekAnta prAgraha se isI padmA kA agnisAkSipUrvaka svIkAra karate haiN| bAda jIvandhara svAmI kucha dina vahIM rahakara vahA~ se vinA kisI se kucha kahe sune cupacApa calakara mArga meM aneka tIrtha-sthAnoM kI bandanA karate hue - dakSiNa deza' kI kSemapurI yA kSemapura ke sahasrakUTa caityAlaya meM pahu~cate haiM / jIvandhara kA hemAGgada dakSiNa bhArata meM hotA to jIvandhara kI dakSiNayAtrA kA yaha ullekha nahIM milatA / 68 bhAskara tIsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki jIvandhara kSemapurI meM bhI kucha hI dina rahakara jaba hemAbhA brugarI meM pahuMce aura vahAM rAjakumArI kanakamAlA se vivAha kara apane zAloM ke graha se buDDI rahane lage taba bhAI nandADhya aura padmAsya Adi unake mitra bhI vahIM pahu~ce / vahA~ pura jIvandhara se padmAsya isa prakAra kahatA hai - "Apake viraha se duHkhita hamaloga ApakI sevA meM Ate hara kucha samaya ke liye daNDakAraNya meM tthhre| vahA~ tapasviyoM ke Azrama 1 (1) tatastasmAdvinirgatya deze dakSiNanAmake / sahasrakUumAzritya zrIvimAnaM nunAva saH // (talacUr3AmaNi lamba 6 zloka 32 ) (2) x X x tadvanAnnirgatya nisargaruciraM nagarapramukhai rocitamapi narocitaM sarvottaramapi nAmnA dakSiNadezamAsAdya x X X X ( jIvandharacampU lamba 6STa, pRSTha 66-67 ) (3) x x x jantu saMrakSaNadattasya viDambita to gopaterdakSiNadezasya maNimukuTAyamAnacikaTa zikharaculukitAmbaraM jAmbUnadopapAditasthUlasthUNAsahasrasaMbAdhamaNDitamaNDapamakANDabhavadAkhaNDaladhanuH kANDazaMkAniSpAdanazauNDanaikapuSpopahAramaharaharabhivardhamAnasaparyamavilayaM kamapi zrIjinAlayamadrAkSIt / ( gadyacintAmaNi lamba 6STa pRSTha 152 ) (4) mereva dakSiNadikkinali baM / dhurada viSaryAda vimalapuravara / karasu narapati yApuradi guNabhadraneM // paradanihanAtana kumAriti / varasatiya mANikyavene vi / staradolesedalu madanamohana mUrziyandaduli // noTa - isa padya meM kSemapura ke sthAna meM 'vimalapura' milatA hai| pura ko semapura kA paryAyavAcI zabda mAnakara hI yaha likhA hai prAraMbhika patha meM use semapura hI spaSTa likha diyA hai / / 2 dekho - tatacUr3AmaNi lamba 5, 6 / ( jIvandharacarite sandhi 12 padya ma) jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ne vimala kyoMki unhoMne sandhisAra-sUcaka

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QOX ODAI RUINS % 3D RUINS TE asana IELD CE JAINA city of CERSORPA mUDabidrI ke candranAtha-caityAlaya ke khaMbhoM meM khudI huI hastakalA ke namUne 4 .D CHATUN-MU KWA SASTI (Destroy.dtible MD) (zrIyuta esa0 candrarAja ke saujanyase)

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kiraNa 3 ] mahArAja jIvandhara kA hemAMgada deza aura kSemapurI 16 ko dekhane ke liye idhara udhara ghUmate hue hama saboM ne eka sthAna para kisI eka puNyamAtA-ApakI mAtA ko dekhaa| unhoMne hamalogoM se pUchA ki tumaloga kahA~ ke rahane vAle ho aura kahA~ jo rahe ho| phira hamane Apako ghaTanA kI sArI bAteM una mAnanIya mAtA ko sunaaii| yaha sunakara unheM dAruNa duHkha huaa| bAda unheM bArabAra AzvAsana de evaM una se AjJA lekara ApakI sevA meM upasthita hue haiN|' padmAsya-dvArA kI huI ullikhita daNDakAraNya kI carcA se bhI yahI jJAta hotA hai ki hemAGgada deza vindhya parvata ke dakSiNa meM nahIM thA kintu usase uttr| kyoMki usa samaya jIvandhara dakSiNa meM hI the| aba lIjiye cauthA kaarnn| jIvandhara svAmI mitra zreSTha padmAsya ke mukha se pUjyamAtA kI carcA sunakara unake darzanoM ke liye vizeSa utkaNThita hue| zvazura Adi se AjJA lekara unhoMne vahA~ se cala tathA daNDakAraNya meM pahu~ca kara apanI mAtA kA darzana kiyaa| phira usI samaya vaha apanI mAtA kA mAmA ke pAsa bhejakara svayaM rAjapurI ko clpdd'e| inake mAmA govinda videha (mithilA) ke dharaNI-tilaka nagarI ke rAjA the| pIche jIvandhara ne inhIM apane mAmA kI sahAyatA se kASThAGgAra ko parAsta kiyA thaa| svAmidrohI kASThAGgAra ko parAsta karane ke liye govinda rAjA jIvandhara-kumAra ke sAtha videha se kucha hI dinoM meM rAjapurI pahuMce the| agara hemAGgada deza dakSiNa bhArata meM hotA to kucha hI prayANoM (par3AvoM) meM govindarAja kA videha se rAjapurI pahuMcanA sambhavaparaka nahIM thaa| isase spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki videha se hemAGgada kI rAjadhAnI adhika dUra para nahIM thii| sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai ki govindarAja apanI bahana vijayA ko videha se adhika dUravartI dakSiNa bhAratIya rAjapurI meM vyAha detaa| prAcIna mithilA (vartamAna tirahuta) kA videha kahane meM maiM samajhatA hUM ki kisI ko matabheda nahIM ho sktaa| , dekho-"kSata-cUr3AmaNi" lamba 7, 8 / 2 dekho."kSatracUr3AmaNi" lamba 8 / 3 (1) atha rAjapurIM prApya rAjA kaizcitprayANakaiH / nikaSA tatpurI kvApi niSasAda mahAbalaH // (kSatracUr3AmaNi lamba 10 zloka 20) (2) xxx mAyUrAtapatrasahasrAndhIkRtASTadiGmukhamanIkaM purodhAya, kaizcitprayANairgovindarAjaH kkacana rAjapurI nikaSA niSasAda / (jIvandharacampU lamba 10 pRSTha 106) (3) xxx balika govindaavniishvr| halavu payaNadolanuje shitaa| xxxx (jIvandharacarite sandhi 15, padya 3)

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.. [ bhAga 2 pA~cavA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahArAja jIvandhara kI mukti bhI vartamAna paTanA jilAntargata rAjagRha ke vilAcala parvatapara hI huI hai'| aisI dazA meM mahArAja jIvandhara ke hemAGgada hi dakSiNa bhArata meM khIMca le jAnA mujhe to yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA / ullikhita kAraNoM se merA anumAna hai ki hemAGgada vindhyaparvata ke uttara kA hI keAI pradeza honA cAhiye / isa viSaya para anyAnya vidvAn bhI avazya vicAra kreNge| bhAskara maiM aba jIvandhara kI kSemapurI yA kSemapura ke sambandha meM bhI apanA vicAra prakaTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ / vartamAna baMbaI prAntAntargata uttara kannaDa jilA kA gerusoppe hI prAcIna kSemapurI yA kSemapura thA / geruseppe kA dUsarA nAma bhallAtakIpura hai / yaha honAvara se pUrava aTThAraha mIla dUra para avasthita hai / gerusoppe meM zAsana karanevAle sAluvazAsakoM kA vistRta vivaraNa epigrAphikA karnATikA bhAga VIII evaM isI ke anyAnya bhAgoM meM bhI milatA hai| mUr3abiTTI ke tribhuvana -tilaka caityAlaya ( hosabasti) ke pA~cave zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki sAluvavaMzI nAraNAGka sthAnIya ( mUDabidrI) maThAdhIza zrIcArukIrtti jI kA parama bhakta thA / isa zilAlekha meM ukta nAraNAMka ke vaMza kA vistRta paricaya bhI upalabdha hotA hai / gerusoppe cirakAlataka jainasAmrAjya - zAsana meM rahA / Aja bhI isake Asa hI pAsa Der3ha mIla kI dUrI para "nagarabasti kerI" meM kaI prAcIna jainamandira bhagnAvasthA meM maujUda haiM jo isa bAta kA prakaTa kara rahe haiM ki yaha eka samRddhazAlI purAtana nagara thA / sthAnIya logoM kA anumAna evaM vizvAsa hai ki apane mahattva ke dinoM meM yahAM para eka lAkha ghara tathA caurAsI mandira vidyamAna the| yahAM ke mandiroM meM sabase bar3e mahatva kA eka caumukhA jainamandira hai| isake cAra dvAra haiM tathA isameM cAra pratimAyeM virAjamAna haiM / pA~ca aura 9 xxxxvipulAdvau hutAzeSakarmA zarmAprayameSyati / iSTASTaguNasampUrNe niSThitAtmA niraJjanaH // (guNabhadrAcAryakRta uttara purANAntargata jIvandharacaritra pRSTha 54 zloka 505 - zAstrI kuMpusvAmidvArA tAMjora meM prakAzita) / 2 dekho -- B. L. Rices, Mysore and Coorg Inscriptions p. 152. noTa - isa bAta kI sUcanA milavara ema0 govinda pai ne mujhe dI hai, tadarthaM ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| 3 " khemapurada zrIcaNDograpArzvatIrthezvaracaraNakiMkararu zrImaccArukIrtti paNDitAcArkha va padapadmabhraM gAvamAna (sa) rumappa sAluvanArAyAMkana" /

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kiraNa 3] mahArAja jIvandhara kA hemAMgada deza aura kSemapurI 101 jorNa jaina mandira haiM, jinameM bhinna bhinna tIrthaGkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ aura kaI zilAlekha bhI maujUda haiN| __ yaha eka kimbadantI hai ki vijayanagara ke rAjAoM ne hI gerusoppe ke jainavaMza ko kannaDa pradeza meM hastAvalambana de unnata bnaayaa| kintu patA nahIM ki isa kimvadantI meM kahA~ taka yathArthatA hai| lagabhaga pandrahavIM zatAbdI se yahA~ kA zAsana-bhAra prAyaH mahilAoM ke hI hAtha meM rhaa| 16vIM aura 17vIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbhika kAla ke karIba karIba sabhI lekhaka gerusoppe aura bhaTakala kI mahArAnI kA nAma Adara ke sAtha lete haiM / ("bambaI prAnta ke prAcIna jainasmAraka" pRSTha 135) bhairavadevI hI gerusoppe kI antima mahArAnI thIM aura vaha san 1608 meM mrii| uttara kannaDa jilA prAcIna kAla se hI jainiyoM kA kendra bana gayA thaa| 'sode' meM 8 vIM zatAbdI meM hI jainamaTha sthApita ho gayA thaa| ("baMbaI prAMta ke prAcIna jainasmAraka" pRSTha 137) balki 'rAjAvalI kathA' ke AdhAra para zravaNa. belgola ke zilAlekhoM ke uddhAraka 'rAisa' sAheba kA kahanA hai ki isa 'sAde' kA prAcIna, nAma 'sudhApura' hai tathA yahAM kI gaddI para bhaTTAkalaGka bhI AsIna the| isa uttara kannaDa 1 jIvandhara-campU, kSatracUr3AmaNi, jIvandhara-carite ke racayitAoM ne jIvandhara svAmI ke mukha se kSemapura ke sahasrakUTa caityAlaya meM bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI stuti nimnalikhita rUpa se karAyo hai :(1) 'bhavabharabhayadUra bhAvitAnandasAraM. dhRtavimalazarIraM divyavANI-vicAram / madanamadavikAraM maJjukAruNyapUra, zrayata jinapadhIraM zAntinAthaM gabhIram" // (jI. caM0 lamba 6 zlo017) (2) "svAntazAntiM mmaikaantaamnekaantaiknaaykH| zAntinAtho jinaH kuryAtsaMsRtika zazAntaye // " (kSa0 cU0 lamba 6 zloka 35) (3) "deva nimmAlayada kadagalu / Ava teradali muccidADelo / . kAryAlaya kada kettihuvu zAntIzvarane nimma" // x x x (jI0 ca0 sandhi 12 padya 16) kintu ukta kSatracUr3AmaNi ke kartA vAdIbhasiMha ne hI apanI "gadyacintAmaNi" meM usI sahasrakUTa caityAlaya meM jIvandhara ke dvArA zAntinAtha jI kI stuti na karA kara bhagavAn vardhamAna kI isa prakAra stuti karAyI hai:(4) taranti saMsAramahAmburAziM yatpAdanAvaM pratipadya bhavyAH / akhaNDamAnandamakhaNDitazrIH zrIvardhamAnaH kurutAjino naH" // (ga. ci0 0 6, pRSTha 153) ullikhita uddharaNoM se bhI patA lagatA hai ki usa kAla meM vahA~ (kSemapurI meM) bhinna bhinna jinapratimA maujUda thiiN|

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102 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 prAnta meM bhaTTArakoM kI virudAvalI meM Aye hue tIna prasiddha sthAnoM kA nAma upalabdha hotA hai| jaise-ukta kSemapura'-jisakA vartamAna nAma gerusoppe' hai| 'zvetapura' jisakA vartamAna nAma 'viLige' hai| isI prakAra 'saMgItapura'-jisakA vartamAya nAma 'hADulli' hai| (baMbaI prAnta ke prAcIna jainasmAraka pRSTha 138) isase bhI patA lagatA hai ki eka jamAne meM yaha prAnta vizeSa samRddhazAlI rhaa| gerusoppe yA kSemapura ke sambandha meM eka aura pramANa upasthita karadenA maiM samucita samajhatA huuN| vaha yaha hai-"iMtesava nagari rAjyada madhyapradezadola baLasirdopyuva naMdanAvanagaLiM kaasaarniirejdi| kaLadhautojjvala sAlakottalagaLiMbaTTAla jaalNgliN| vilasadgopuradiM suhayaMcayadi shriijaingehNgliN| celuvaM tAldida gerusoppe nagaraM koNddaaddlaabllrai|" (mUDabidrI tribhuvana-tilaka-caityAlaya ke zilAlekha se) vAdirAja-kRta yazodharacaritra kI lakSaNa ne eka TIkA likhI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki isa TIkA ko maiMne kSemapura hI meM racA hai| lakSaNa kA saMketita kSemapura ullikhita 'kSemapura' hone kI adhika saMbhAvanA hai| sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jisa neminAthAlaya meM unhoMne isakI TIkA racI hai vaha neminAthAlaya isa samaya jo vahAM para bhagnAvasthA meM maujUda hai yahI ho / merA anumAna hai ki yaha 'gerusoppe' jIvandhara kA prAcIna kSemapura hai| isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM ko anukUla yA pratikUla pramANa upasthita kara isa viSaya para adhika prakAza DAlanA caayiye| isI prakAra jIvandhara ke samakAlIna pallavadeza kI candrAbhA nagarI ke rAjA dhanapati, ukta kSemapurI ke rAjA narapati deva, madhyapradeza kI hemAmA nagarI ke rAjA dRDhamitra, videha ke dharaNI tilaka nagara ke rAjA govindarAja Adi zAsakoM evaM inakI rAjadhAniyoM ke sambandha meM bhI anveSaNa karane kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai| . "svasti zrImadrAyarAjagurubhUmaNDalAcAryavaryamahAvAdavAdIzvararAyavAdipitAmahasakalavidvajanasArvabhaumAdyanekavirudAvalIvirAjamAnazrImannijaghaTikasthAnadilli-kanakAdi-zvetapura-sudhApura-saMgItapurakSemaveNupura-zrImaddhelgola-siddhasiMhAsanAdhIzvarazrImadabhinavacArukIrzi x xxxx 2 zrImatpadmaNagunmadaityabhihitau zrIvarNinau bhUtale bhAtazcArucaritravArdhihimagustaprItaye lakSaNaH / mando bandhuravAdirAjaviduSaH kAvyasya kalyANadAm TIkA kSemapure'karodgurutarazrIneminAthAlaye // A triennial Catalogue of manuscripts Govt. Library Madras, 1916-17 * to 1918-19 Vol. III.-Part 1. Sanskrit C. Page 3826.

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itihAsa kA jaina granthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM se ghaniSTha sambandha (le0 -- zrIyuta paM0 haranAtha dvivedI, kAvya - purANa - tIrtha ) bahutoM kI dhAraNA hai ki purANa aura itihAsa eka hI padArtha hai / prAcIna kAla meM to ye donoM avazya hI eka the, kyoMki purANoM ke sivA koI itihAsa grantha alaga upalabdha nahIM hotA / vAstava meM purANa aura itihAsa ke uddezoM meM bheda hai / yaha bAta prAcIna granthoM meM spaSTa likhI bhI hai| kyoMki itihAsa kI vyutpatti yoM hai-- iti ha purAvRttaM Aste asmin itiha-As-dhaJ / purAvRttakathA hI itihAsa hai / ise balki aSTAdaza zAstra ke antargata mAnate haiM / kyoMki yajurvedIya zatapatha brAhmaNa meM likhA hai : - "Rgvedo yajurvedaH sAmavedo'tharvAGgIrasa itihAsa: purANaM vidyA sUkhAyamanuvyAkhyAnAni" / itihAsa saMsAra ke samasta. vastuparivartana kA upAkhyAna hai / kITapataGga -- yahA~taka ki jar3acetana kA bhI itihAsa rahatA hai / ho, isa samaya vaha purANoM meM hI gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama kI taraha svarUpa kA darzana kimvA purANoM se usakA ThIka ThIka uddhAra asambhava ho gayA hai / itihAsa saba dezoM kA hai / para hamAre deza kA nahIM hai, yaha bAta sarvathA AdaraNIya nahIM / smaraNAtItakAla se pRthvIpara jo deza sabhya mAnA gayA hai, usa deza kA itihAsa, usI samaya ke anusAra ho sakatA, na ki sabhyatAbhimAnI dezoM kI taraha zRGkhalAbaddha tithi- miti nakSata samvat ke lekhoM se susajjita / balki yaha bAta vicArazIloM se ajJAta nahIM hai / kucha logoM kI dhAraNA hai ki jitane samaya kA itihAsa zrajJAta hai, utane samaya taka hama asabhya the / para yaha mantavya bhAratavarSa ke liye pramANabhUta nahIM ho sakatA / bAta yaha thI ki prAcIna samaya meM jaisI rIti, nIti aura zrAvazyakatA thI tadanusAra granthoM meM bAteM kahIM vistAra se aura kahIM saMkSepa se likhI gayI hai ! parantu ve aba isa samaya ke vicAra se logoM ko anAvazyaka jAna par3atI haiM / kI AvazyakatA dUsare DhaMga kI hai| nahIM / bhalA isa dazA meM dUsare dezavAle kyoM kara isake samarthaka ho sakate haiM ? yoM to jarmana purAtattvavettA haranIsa ne grIsa ko vizvasabhyatA kA sraSTA mAnate hue yaha samajhA ki, sikandara ke AkramaNa ke bAda bhAratIya sabhyatA kI jo vRddhi huI, usakA aMga aMga grIsa kA RNI hai| saMkSepa meM yaha ki, Aja hama bhArata meM jo kucha dekha rahe haiM, vaha mIsa kA diyA huA hai / parantu kevala manuSya hI taka nahIM pazupakSI, itihAsa kA cAhe jo artha yA uddeza mila gayA hai| usake asalI aba samaya saJcAra isI hamAre deza ke hI mahAnubhAvoM ko prAcIna lekha-zailI pasanda

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bhAskara [ bhoga 2 1 haibela ne unakA palar3A Upara uThAkara kahA, "nahIM, bhAratIya sabhyatA svayaM vizva-sabhyatA kI jananI hai| apane vikAza ke liye ise grIsavAloM ke prasAda kI pratIkSA karane kI AvazyakatA na thI; balki, usa samaya bhI bhAratavarSa vizva kA dharmaguru hI thA / " // r bahuta dhyAna na diyA / itihAsakAroM kI isa khIMcAtAnI meM nIsa kI bAtoM para vidvAnoM nIsa kI A~khoM para vicAra - saMkoca aura pakSapAta kA cazmA car3hA huA thA / para bhAvuka haivela ko AcArya bhArata ke sabhyatAsUrya kI pracaNDa razmiyoM se cakAcauMdha sI laga gayI thI / ina do daloM ke kolAhala ko na sunakara TArna, spUnara, phargusana aura smItha jaise dhIra, zAnta aura vaijJAnika lekhaka. viSpakSatA ke mandira meM satya kA patA lagA rahe the / maiM samajhatA hUM ki, ve satyatA ke bahuta bar3e za kA patA lagAne meM samartha hue haiN| sikandara kI car3hAI rAjanItika tathA sAMskRtika donoM hI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa thI / isane pahalI bAra bhArata kI mahattA kA dvAra yUropavAloM ke liye khola diyA / yaha saca hai ki, bhAratavAsiyoM ke sAmane sikandara kA koI Adarza samAhata na ho sakA / logoM ne usakI car3hAI ko eka sAdhAraNa ghaTanA se adhika na samajhA / yahA~ taka ki, koI bauddha, jaina aura hindU lekhaka isakI kucha bhI carcA nahIM karatA hai / isIliye bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa ajIba pahelI banA huA hai| isakI mUla bhitti kA patA lagAnA arthAt isakI asalI taha taka pahuMcanA siddha-zilA kA Azraya lene ke samAna ho rahA hai| yoM to aba bahuta se vidvAn kathAsaritsAgara jaise kapolakalpita kathAoM evaM alhA - uddala kI gAyI jAtI huI vIragAthAoM se bhI vaijJAnika DhaMga se cIra-nora kI taraha aitihAsika tattva nikAlane meM saphala se ho rahe haiN| astu, aba maiM apane prakRta viSaya para Ane ke pahale DAkTara rAjendralAla mila, mAnanIya misTara phargusana tathA DAkTara bhaNDArakara ko dhanyavAda diye binA nahIM raha sakatA, jinhoMne saMskRta granthoM ke maGgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM ko saMgRhIta aura prakAzita kara bhAratIya itihAsAdhana kA pracura parimANa maiM upasthita kara dene kA akSayya zra eya uThAyA hai / hindU lekhaka maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM kA mahatva nahIM jAnate the| unhoMne maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyA~ to likhI haiM kintu unameM aitihAsika masAle milane kaThina se hai| gaye haiM / yo hindU purANoM meM rAjavaMzoM kA varNana aitihAsika aMga mAnA jAtA hai kintu rAjAoM kA samaya-nirNaya karanA dussAdhya sA ho rahA hai| hA~, itihAsa kA ekamAtra sAdhana zilAlekha evaM tAmrapatra ho rahe haiN| maiM samajhatA hU~ ki ina donoM ke abhAva meM bhAratIya itihAsa binA peMde kI luTiyA ke samAna idhara udhara Dhana-manAtA phiratA / jayapura nivAsI mahAmahe / pAdhyAya svargIya paM0 durgAdatta dvivedI bhAratIya itihAsa saMsAra ke kama dhanyavAda ke pAtra nahIM hai jinhoMne nirNayasAgara presa se 'prAcIna lekhamaNimAlA' nAma kI do bhAgoM meM do moTI ji prakAzita kara itihAsa-lekhakoM kA mArga bahuta kucha pariSkRta kara diyA hai|

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kiraNa 3] itihAsa kA jainagranthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM se ghaniSTha sambandha 105 astu, jainagranthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyA~ aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3e kAma kI cIjeM hai / kucha hI grantha aise hoMge jinake maMgalAcaraNa meM apane pUrvaM kaviyoM ke nAma athavA kRtiyoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA ho tathA prazastiyoM meM apanI guruparamparA aura tatkAlIna rAjavaMza kA paricaya nahIM diye gaye hoM / yahIM taka nahIM balki prazasti nIce jisa dharmaprANa jainI strI-puruSa usa grantha kI pratilipi karavA kara kisI mandira meM pradAna kiye rahate haiM unakI vaMzaparamparA kA bhI ullekha bahuta milatA hai / aisI dazA meM itihAsa - praNetA anveSakoM ko jainagraMthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyA~ kitane kAma kI cIjeM haiM- isa bAta kA patA sahaja hI meM laga sakatA hai / bar3e duHkha kI bAta hai ki bhArata ke itihAsa lekhakoM ne pArasI, arabI Adi anyAnya sampradAya ke sAhitya evaM itihAsa kA anuzIlana karane kA kaSTa to uThAyA kintu bhAratIya sAhitya tathA itihAsa kA sarvazreSTha sAdhana jo jainagrantha haiM unakI ora jarA bhI dhyAna nahIM diyA / isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki granthoM ke prakAza meM nahIM Ane evaM jainazAstrabhANDArAdhipatiyoM kI lAparavAhI ke kAraNa anyAnya aitihAsika vidvAn jainagranthoM meM bhare par3e aitihAsika sAdhanoM se lAbha nahIM uThA sake / aba ekAeka sabhI jaina granthoM ko prakAzita kara denA to azakya sA ho rahA hai kintu isa "bhAskara" kA yaha pahale hI se dhyeya banA huA hai ki aprakAzita jainagranthoM ko saMgRhIta kara unake maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM ke prakAzanadvArA yAvacchAya aitihAsika sAdhana saJcita kara diyA jAya / granthamAlA ke rUpa meM anyatra maMgalAcaraNa tathA prazastiyA~ prakAzita kI gayI haiM / isa bhavana ke suyogya pustakAlayAdhyakSa paNDita ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI jI ne yathopalabdha sAmagrI se unake Upara aitihAsika prakAza bhI DAlA hai / balki isI dhyeya ko lekara Aja maiM bhavana ke saMgRhIta eka grantha "dayAsundarAbhidhAna apara nAma yazodhara - caritra" kI prazasti pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta kara saMkSepa meM usake aitihAsika sAdhanoM kA digdarzana karAne kA prayAsa karatA hU~ / isa graMtha ke racayitA padmanAbha nAmaka kAyastha haiM / bhAratavarSa meM kAyastha hI eka aisI jAti hai jo anyAnya zikSita dezoM se zikSA meM Takkara le sakatI hai| paurANika yuga se lekara abataka isa jAti ne zikSA ko ekAnta cirasaMginI banAkara pracura prasiddhi prApta kara rakkhI hai / dharmAzarmAbhyu duba nAmaka prasiddha jaina kAvya graMtha ke racayitA harizcandra bhI kAyastha hI the / hindU saMskRta sAhitya ke racayitAoM meM kAyastha jAti kA kahIM nAma nirdeza nahIM hai / jJAta hotA hai ki brAhmaNajAti ne inake pANDitya kA samAdara nahIM kara saMkIrNatA kA Azraya liyA, isI se kAyastha jAti apanI amUlya racanAoM se jainasaMskRta sAhityabhANDAra kI pUrti karane lagI / + astu, isa yazodhara-carita ke maMgalAcaraNa meM koI guruparamparA athavA kaviparamparA nahIM dI gayI - ataH yahA~ kevala prazasti hI dI jAtI hai kintu sAtha hI sAtha yahA~ maiM yaha likha denA samucita

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 samajhatA hUM ki isa ekamAtra azuddha prati kI vajaha se azuddhiyoM kA kucha bhI saMzodhana nahIM kiyA jA sakA: jAtaH zrIvIrasiMhaH sakalaripukulavAtanirdhAtapAtovaMze zrItomarANAM nija vimlyshopraaptdikckrvaalH| dAnAnaivivekairna bhavati samatA yena sAkaM nRpANAm keSAmeSAkahInAM prabhavati dhiSaNA varNane tadguNAnAm // 1 // IzvaracUDAratnaM vinihitakaraghAtavRttasaMghAtaH / candra iva dugdhasindhostasmAduddharaNabhUpatirjanitaH // 2 // yasya hi nRpateryazasA sahasA zabhrIkRte tribhUvane'smin kailAzatigi (?)ra nikarakSI?) ratinIraM zucIyate timiram // 3 // tatputrovIramendraH sakalavasumatIpAlacUr3AmaNiryaH prakhyotaH sarvaloke sakalabudhakalAnandakArI vizeSAt / tasmin bhUpAlaratne nikhilanidhigRhe gopadurge prasiddham bhuMjAne prAjyarAjyaM vigataripubhayaM suprajaHsevyamAnam // 4 // vaMze'bhUjjaisavAle vimalaguNanidhiH bhUlaNaH sAdhuratnam sAdhuH zrIjainapAlo'bhavaduditayAstatsuto dAnazIlaH / jainendrArAdhaneSu pramuditahRdayaH sevakaH sadgurUNAm loNAkhyA satyazIlAjani vimalamatijauNapAlasya bhAryA // 5 // jAtAH SaT tanayAstayoH sukRtinoH zrIhaMsarAjo'bhavat . teSAmAdyatamastatastadanujasairAjanAmAjani / rairAjo bhavarAjakassamajaniprakhyAtakIrttirmahAn sAdhuH zrIkuzarAjakastadanujaH zrIkSemarAjo laghuH // 6 // jJAtA zrIkuzarAja eva sakaladamApAlacUr3AmaNiH zrImattomaravIramasya vidito vizvAsapAtra mahAn / mantrI mantravicakSaNaH kSaNamayaH kSINAMripakSaH kSaNAt kSoNyAmIkSaNarakSaNakSamamatijainendrapUjArataH // 7 svargasparddhisamRddhiko'tivimalazcaityAlayaH kArito lokAnAM hRdayaGgamI bahudhanaizcandraprabhasya prbhoH| yenaitatsamakAlameva ruciraM bhajyaM ca kAvyaM tathA

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kiraNa 3 ] itihAsa kA jainagranthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM se ghaniSTha sambandha 107 sAdhu rAjana sudhiyA kIrttazvirasthApakam // 8 // tisrastasyaiva bhAryA guNacaritajuSastAsu ralhAbhidhAnA patnI dhanyAcaritrA vrataniyamayutA zIlazaucena yuktA / dAtrI devArcanADhyA gRhakRtikuzalA tatsuto kAmarUpo dAtA kalyANa siMho jinagurucaraNArAdhane tatparo'bhUt // 6 // lakSaNazrI dvitIyAbhUtsuzIlA ca pativratA / kauzIrI ca tRtIyeyamabhUdguNavatI satI // 10 // zAntirdezasya... bhUttadanu narapateH suprajAnAM janAnAm vaktaNAM vAcakAnAM...... . tathaiva / ......ll yAvatkUrmasya pRSThe bhujagapatirayaM tatra tiSThedgariSThe - yAvattatrApi caJcadvikaTaphaNiphaNAmaNDale toNireSA / yAvatkSaNa samasta tridazapativRtazcArucAmIkarAI - tarai vizuddha' jagati vijayatAM kAvyametaccirAzca // 12 // kAyasthapadmanAbhena budhapAdAjjareNunA / kRtireSA vijayatAM stheyAdA candratArakam // 13 // atha sambatsare'smin zrIvikramArkagatAndaH sambat 1812 varSe vikramabhUpAndAnAM dviindu vasuinduvatsarAkrAnte mArgazIrSa kRSNa 4 rabau punarvasu nakSatra zukkunAmayoge zrImUlasaMghe valAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kundakundAcAryAmnAye bhaTTAraka zrIdevendrakIrttitatpaTTe bhaTTArakazrI candrakIrtti tAnA bAI zrIpAsa (rzva) matI tacchiSya paM0 mayArAma paThanArtha likhitaM zrItapAgacche zrIvijayarAjAnnAye zrIvAraNasyAM nagaryo bhIlUpurAzrIjinamandire zrIpArzvanAthaprasAdAt ana rAjyatrayAdhipatirAjAbalvaNassaMghadevAH tadrAjyapravarttamAne / zrIrastu / zrImUlasaMdhe zrIbhaTTAraka jinendrabhUSaNajI bhaTTAraka mahendrabhUSaNajI zrIAcAryadeva narendrakIrttijI zrIgopAlacale / ullikhita prazasti ke zlokoM meM jo rekhAkita nAma Aye haiM unase yaha bAta jJAta hotI hai ki tomaravaMzIya rAjA vIramadeva ke bar3e vizvAsapAtra mantrI jaisavAlavaMzodbhUta zrIkuzarAja ne jina dinoM zrIcandraprabhatIrthaMkara kA eka divya evaM bhavya mandira banavAyA unhIM dinoM kAyastha kulodbhUta vidvara padmanAbha jI ne isa prastuta graMtha kA praNayana parisamApta kiyA /

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 'tomara' rAjasthAna kA eka prAcIna rAjapUta kSatriya rAjavaMza hai| isa zreNI ke rAjapUta aba nahIM ke barAbara haiN| rAjaputAne meM ye loga tuyAra nAma se prasiddha haiN| jahA~ tahA~ zrArA prAnta meM bhI tomara vaMzIya kSatriya haiN| rAjapUtavaMza kA tomara yaha nAma kyoM par3A isakA koI pramANa nahIM milatA hai / abula phajala kI Aine akabarI meM 'tuyAra' vaMza kA ullekha milatA hai| (vizvakoza) pravAda hai ki tomaravaMzIya anaGgapAla nAmaka eka rAjA ne prAcIna dillI kA punaruddhAra kiyA thA / saMvat pratiSThAtA vikramAditya ke bAda 762 varSa taka dillI nagara bilkula ujAr3a thaa| anta meM 736 I0 meM tomaravaMzIya anaGga ne ise punaH basAyA / (vizvakoza) dillI ke dakSiNa pazcima meM tuyAravatI yA tomarAvatI nAma kA eka jilA hai| vahA~ Aja bhI tomaravaMzIya eka saradAra rahate haiN| (vizvakoza) _ gvAliyara meM prAyaH do zatAbdI taka eka tomaravaMza ne rAjya kiyA thaa| isa vaMza ke itihAsa lekhaka kavi khaDgarAya tomaravaMza ko pANDuvaMza kA hI eka aMga mAnate haiM / (vizvakoza) kaniMgahama sAheba ko 1864-65 I. meM vahA~ ke jamindAroM se eka vaMzapatrikA milI thii| zilAlipi meM bhI gvAliyara ke rAjAoM meM ATha tomaravaMzIya rAjAoM ke nAma pAye jAte haiN| khajarAya ke itihAsAnukUla kaniMgahama ne gvAliyara kI tomaravaMza-tAlikA jo dI hai usameM IsvI san 1081 vAle rAjA tejapAla se lekara I0 san 1516 vAle rAjA vikramAditya taka bIsa rAjA hue haiN| inameM I0 san 1375 vAle rAjA vIrasiMha se lekara rAjA vikramAditya taka anyAya ATha rAjAe to yathArtha meM gvAliyara ke hI rAjAsiMhAsanAsIna rhe| (vizvakoza) astu hamAre prazastigata tomaravaMzIya rAjA nimnalikhita tIna haiM :(3) sajAvIrasiMha I0 san 1375 ) yaha kAla-gaNanA vizvakoza (2) rAjA uddharaNadeva , 1400 (3) rAjA viramadeva aba maiM prazastigata zlokoM se apane caritanAyaka 'kuzarAja' jI kA paricaya detA huuN| (1) bhUlaNa (2) jainapAla*-(inakI strI kA nAma 'loNA') (3) kuzarAja jauNapAla' yaha parivartita nAma inhIM kA jJAta hotA hai| kAzmIra ke vizvasanIya itihAsa rAjataraMgiNI meM bhI kaI jagaha "jauNapAla" yaha nAma AyA hai| dekheM (rAjataraMgiNI) . sarAna, sairAja, rairAja, bhavarAja, kSemarAja ye pA~ca bhAI kuzarAja ke aura the ! inameM pA~cave kuzarAja aura chaThe sabase choTe kSemarAja haiN| (prazasti se hI yaha bAta jJAta hotI hai|) __ , , ) se lI gayI hai)

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kiraNa 3 ] itihAsa kA jainagranthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM se ghaniSTha sambandha 106 bahI kuzarAja rAjA vIramendradeva ke Azraya meM mantritva karate hue zrIcandraprabhatIrthaGkara kA sundara caityAlaya banavAkara apanA nAma amara kara gaye haiM / una dinoM Apa eka bar3e bhArI dhanImAnI evaM rAjasammAnita jainI the isIliye paNDitapravara kAyastha padmanAbha jI ne apanI granthasamApti meM jainadharma ke AzrayabhUta kuzarAja kA saMsmaraNa kiyA hai| inhoMne graMtha meM pustakaracanAkAla nahIM diyA hai / kintu tomaravaMzIya rAjA vIramendra kA vaMzavarNana kara apane graMtha kA racanAkAla (1400 I0 san) kA mArga padmanAbha jI ne pariSkRta kara diyA hai / aba kujarAja kI vaMzAvalI nIce dI jAtI hai (1) kuzarAja (2) kalyANasiMha isa graMtha kA lipikAla 1812 hai / kyoMki likhA huA hai ki vi0 saM0 1812 mArgazIrSa kRSNa caturthI ravivAra punarvasu nakSatra meM mUlasaMghIya, balAtkAragaNa evaM sarasvatI gaccha ke kundakundAnnAyAntargata zrIcandrakIrtti jI kI ziSyA zrImatI pAsa ( pUrva ) matI jI ke par3hane ke liye paM0 mAyArAmajI ne kAzI ke paramaprasiddha bhelUpurA mandira meM isa graMtha kI pratilipi kI / una dinoM tIna tIna rAjyoM ke adhipati rAjA balvaNaspaMdhadeva kA zAsanaM cala rahA thA / isa rAjA ke viSaya meM koI prakAza nahIM DAlA jA sakatA / ullikhita bhaTTAraka candrakIrttijI ke bhaTTAraka devendrakIrttijI kauna haiM yaha bAta jJAta nahIM hotI / ApakI paTTAvalI -- (1) bhaTTAraka jinendrabhUSaNa (2) bhaTTAraka mahendrabhUSaNa (3) AcAryadeva narendrakI haiN| isa choTe se lekha meM maiMne yahI dikhAne kI ceSTA kI hai ki jainagraMthoM me maGgalAcaraNa aura prazastiyoM meM ananta aitihAsika sAdhana saMcita haiM / AvazyakatA hai kevala unakI AlocanA evaM pratyAlocanA karane kI / * 'tomara' zabda evaM vaMza kA vipulavarNana dekhane kI icchA karanevAle kalakattA se prakAzita "hindI vizvakoza" kI havIM jilda dekheM / + inako ralho, lakSaNazrI aura kauzIrI mAma kI tIna striyA~ thIM / + inakI mA~ kA nAma 'lho' thaa| inakI kAma ke samAna sundara AkRti thI /

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katipaya (di0) jaina saMskRta prAkRta granthoM para prAcIna kannaDa ttiikaayeN| . mUla grantha TIkAkAra samaya vizeSa vyavasthA saMkhyA 19vIM zatAbdI IsvI san kezava varNI | 1356 IsvI san abhayasUri-siddhAnta cakravartI ke ziSya / vIranandi meghacandra vidyadeva ke ziSya / akalaMkASTaka (saM0) amitagatizrAvakAcAra , AcArasAra atmAnuzAsana ArAdhanAsAra karmaprakRti (prA0) zAMtikIrti | 1755 15 vIM zatAbdI lagabhaga 1150 " bhAskara kalyANakAraka (saM0) somanAtha yaha pUjyapAdakRta kalyANakAraka kA anuvAda hai| isake racayitA ugrAditya haiN| " (prA.) | zubhacandra daivajJa-vallabha " 1200 , 1700 / kArtikeyAnuprekSA gaNitasAra | gItavItarAga gommaTasAra cAritrasAra mA0) abhayasUri-siddhAntacakravartI ke ziSya / ( sa.) - kezava varNI prabhendu muni | 15 vIM zatAbdI, prabhAcandra lagabhaga 1300 " 15 vIM zatAbdI , caubIsaThANa 16 | jvAlAmAlinI kalpa (saM0) [ bhAga 2

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, mAghanandi siddhAnta cakravartI ke shissy| 17 | jinasaMhitA 18 | jaina-sAra kriyAsaMgraha 16 | tattvArthasUtra (saM0) / kumudacandra lagabhaga 1100 ,, 18vIM zatAbdI,, bAlacandra lagabhaga 1170 ,, cidAnanda | 18 vIM zatAbdI ,, divAkaranandi 1170 I0 meM svargastha nayakIrti ke shissy| bAlacandra | 1273 , nemicandra tathA abhayacandra ke ziSya / 17vIM zatAbdI ,, dazabhakti (saM0 prA0) dravyasaMgraha (prA.) dvAdazAnuprekSA (1) dhanaJjaya nighaMTu (saM0) 26 | dharmazarmAbhyudaya 27 / nItivAkyAmRta 28 | padArthasAra padmapurANa 30 padmAvatI kalpa 31 | paMcakalyANastotra 13vIM vi0 , lagabhaga 1260 , 18 vIM zatAbdI ,, neminAtha mAghanandi kiraNa 3 ] katipaya (di.)jaina saMskRta prAkRta granthoM para prAcIna kannaDa TIkAyeM 111 vizeSa paricaya dekhA bhAskara bhAga 2 kiraNa 1 kumudacandra ke shissy| lagabhaga 1500 ,, lagabhaga 1170 ,, mUlagranthozAdhara jI kA hai| 1177 I0 meM svargIya nayakIrti ke shissy| paramAtmaprakAza bAlacandra " 33 | pravacanasAra 34 pratiSThAtilaka 35 | praznottara-ratnamAlA 36 | prAyazcitta " (saM0) , vidyAnanda | 1455 , mUlapranthakAra brahmasUri ke putra haiN|

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mUla grnth| ttiikaakaar| samaya vizeSa vyvsthaa| 112 , , , 15vIM zatAbdI, bRhat paMcanamaskAra bhadrabAhu-caritra | bhadrabAhu-sAmudrika mAghanandi-saMhitA mokSaprAbhRta yazodharakAvya kumudacandra kanakacandra lagabhaga 1300, (prA0) (saM0) ratnakaraNDa 16vIM zatAbdI , kamalapaNDita 17vIM zatAbdI, bhAskara : . .. . . . | rayaNa-sAra . (prA0) varddha mAnakAvya (saM0) viMzatiprarUpaNa , zAstrasAra-samuccaya , saJjanacittavallabha , 51 samayasAra (prA.) 52 samAdhizataka (saM0) 53 svarUpasaMbodhana 54 / kumudendu ke shissy| padmaprabha mAghanandi abhinavazrutamuni bAlacandra meghacandra lagabhaga 1300, , 1260 " , 1365 " 1177 I0 ke svargastha nayakIrti ke ziSya / . prAyaH 1177 ke svargastha nayakIrti ke shissy| 1148 bhAga 2 ... | 16 vIM zatAbdI, ..

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, | 17 vIM | 1100 . , " prabhAcandra sAgAradhama mRta siddhAntasAra siddhastotra 58 siddharAzi __ (saM0) mUlaprantha AzAdhara jI kA hai| kalyANakIrti | kSatracUr3AmaNi kSapaNasAra noTa-yaha tAlikA 'kannar3a-kavi-carite' bhAga 1,2,3 ke AdhAra para taiyAra kI gaI hai| bahuta kucha sambhava hai ki, isameM aura bhI kaI TIkArya chUTa gaI hoM jo 'kannar3akavicarite' ke rayitA ko bhI upalabdha nahIM huI hoN| isalie yaha tAlikA pUrNa nahIM kahI jA sktii| ukta 'kavicarite' ke bhAgoM meM kaI granthoM kA pariziSTa meM kevala nAma hI diyA gayA hai| isase una granthoM kA vizeSa hAla mAlUma nahIM ho skaa| balki, jinagranthoM para mujhe sandeha huA una granthoM kA nAma bhI maiMne isa tAlikA meM zAmila nahIM kiyA hai / jina prAkRta, saMskRta granyoM ke pATha azuddha mudrita haiM yA pAThoM meM saMdeha hai una pAThoM ko ina TIkAoM ke mUla se milAne se vaha dUra ho sakatA hai| sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI sambhava hai ki, ina kannar3a-TIkAkAroM ne saMskRta-TIkAkAroM ko apekSA mUla granthoM ke artha ko vizadarUpa se khola diyA ho ataH samAlocanAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke liye yaha tAlikA upayogI hai| ke0 bI0 zAstrI, kiraNa 3 ] katipaya (di0) jaina saMskRta prAkRta granthoM para prAcIna kannaDa TIkAyeM 113

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cAmuMDarAya kA cAritrasAra (le0-zrIyuta paM0 milApacandra kaTAriyA) digaMbara jainasamAja meM "cAritnasAra" nAmaka grantha ke racayitA cAmuNDarAya samajhe jAte haiN| prantha ke parisamAptisUcaka gadya se bhI yahI dhvanita hotA hai| kintu prantha kI hAlata ko dekhate hue cAmuMDarAya ko usakA nirmAtA nahIM kaha skte| adhika se adhika hama unheM saMgrahakartA kaha sakate haiM / nirmAtA aura saMgrahakartA meM bheda hai| nirmAtA vaha hotA hai jo grantha kI zAbdikaracanA kA apanI buddhi se praNayana karatA hai| kintu saMgrahakartA meM yaha bAta nahIM hai| vaha dUsaroM ke racita vAkyoM kA saMcita kara usakA kAI nayA nAma dhara detA hai| 'cAritrasAra' ko bhI prAyaH yahI hAlata hai| yadyapi dharmazAstra naye nahIM banA krte| paraMparA se jo vAGmaya calA AtA hai usI ke anusAra kathana unameM rahatA hai| aura prAmANika bhI ve tabhI mAne jAte haiN| lekina yaha bAta unake artha ke saMbaMdha meM hai| zabda se to ve bhI naye banate haiN| prAcIna gUDha artha kA spaSTa karanA aura apane zabdoM meM kahanA yahI navIna dharmazAstrakAroM kA kAma hotA hai| isa prakAra kI navIna kRtiyoM meM kahIM kahIM prAcIna AgamoM ke vAkya bhI binA ukta ca likhe jyoM ke tyoM uddhRta kara liye jAte haiN| jaisA ki sarvArthasiddhi ke vAkya rAjavArtika meM aura rAjavArtika ke vAkya zlokavArtika meM pAye jAte haiN| kintu inake kartAoM ne jitanA kucha dUsaroM se liyA hai usase kaI guNA apanI buddhi se banAkara rakkhA hai| isaliye aitoM ko to granthakartA hI kahane caahiye| para jo grantha kA bahubhAga yA samagra hI kalevara dUsaroM ke race vAkyoM se bharate haiM aura apanI buddhi kucha bhI kharca nahIM karate, yA karate bhI haiM to itanI sI jaise UMTa ke muMha meM jIrA, ve usa grantha ke nirmAtA nahIM kahalA skte| apanA ATA ho aura dUsare kA namaka to vaha roTI apanI kahI jaaygii| para dUsare kA ATA ho aura apanA kevala namaka, to vaha roTI dUsare hI kI kahI jaaygii| cAritnasAra ke saMbaMdha meM bhI yahI bAta ghaTita hotI hai| cAmuMDarAya kI nija kI racanA yA to usameM kucha bhI nahIM hai aura ho bhI to namaka ke barAbara-bAkI ATA saba dUsaroM hI kA udhAra liyA huA hai| yaha bAta cAritrasAra aura tatvArtharAjavArtika ko tulanAtmaka DhaMga se adhyayana karanevAle ko spaSTataH dRggocara ho sakatI hai| rAjavArtika meM se aneka jagaha kA cAritra-viSayaka gadya-bhAga uThA

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kiraNa 3) cAmuNDarAya kA cAritrasAra uThA kara cAritrasAra meM jyoM kA tyoM yA kucha mAmUlI heraphera ke sAtha dhara diyA gayA hai| cAritnasAra kA karIba tIna tihAI hissA rAjavArtika kI racanA se hI bharA huA hai| nIce hama donoM ke ve sthAna batAte haiM jahA~ eka samAna gadya pAyA jAtA hai cAritrasAra pRSTha 2 paMkti cauthI (rAjavArtika adhyAya 6 sUtra 2 vArtika 3) cAritrasAra pRSTha 2-3 meM samyaktva kA aSTAMgasvarUpa (rAjavArtika adhyAya 6 sUtra 24 vArtika 1) cAra sA0 pR04 samyaktva ke atIcAra (rA0 vA0 a07 sU0 23) cA0 sA0 pR0 4 zalyavivecana (rA. vA0 a0 7 sU0 18) cA0 sA0 pR0 5 paMcANuvrata ke lakSaNa (rA. vA0 a07 sUtra 20) cA0 sA0 pR0 5 se 7 taka aNuvratoM ke atIvAra (rA0 vA0 a0 7 meM dekho isa viSaya ke sUtra) cA0 sA0 pR0 8 se 15 taka zIlasaptaka ke sirpha lakSaNa aura atIcAra (rA0 vA0 a07 meM dekho isa viSaya ke sUtra) cA0 sA0 pRSTha 22-23 sallekhanA kA lakSaNa aura atIcAra (rA. vA0 a0 7 sU0 22-37) cA0 sA pR0 24 se 26 taka solaha kAraNa bhAvanAyeM (rA0 vA0 a06 sUtra 24) cA0 sA0 pRSTha 27 se 30 taka dazadharmoM kA vivecana (rA0 vA0 a0 6 sU0 6 meM bilkula yahI hai)| pharka itanA sA hai ki yahA~ pahile alaga alaga dharma kA svarUpa batAkara vArtika 28 meM dasoM hI kA vizeSa kathana kiyA hai| aura cAritrasAra meM isa vizeSa kathana ko pratyeka dharma ke varNana ke sAtha le liyA hai tathA yahIM para cAritrasAra meM satya ke 10 bhedoM kA jo varNana hai vaha (rAjavArtika a0 1 sUtra 20, vA0 12 veM para se liyA gayA hai) cA0 sA. pR0 30 samitiyoM kA kathana (rA0 vA. a0 6 sU0 5) cA0 sA0 pR. 32 se 37 taka aSTa zuddhiyoM kA varNana (rA. vA0 a06 sU06 vA0 16) cA0 sA0 pR0 37 38 cAritrakathana (rA0 vA0 a0 6 sU0 18) cA0 sA. pR036 vAk mana kA kathana (rA. vA.. a05 sU. 16 vA0 15 tathA 20) cA0 sA0 pR0 36 saMraMbha-samAraMbha-AraMbha-kRta-kAritAnumata ke lakSaNa (rA. vA0 a0 6 sU0 8) cA0 sA0pU0 40 se 43 taka paMca pApoM ke lakSaNa aura unakI bhAvanAyeM (rA0 vA0 a0 7 meM isa viSaya ke sUtra dekho| isI adhyAya ke svaM sUtra meM jo paMca pApoM kA vizeSa kathana hai use hI cAritrasAra meM pratyeka pApa ke varNana meM chA~Ta liyA hai) cA0 sA* pR0 44 (rA0 vA0 a07 sUtra 10 kI vyAkhyA) cA0 sA0 pRSTha 45 se 47 taka kA kathana (rA. vA0 a0 6 sU0 46-47) cA0 sA0 pR048 se 57 taka bAIsa parISahoM kA varNana (rA. vA0 a0 6 sUtra 8 se 17 taka) cA0 sa0 pR0 56 se 63 taka tapovarNana (rA. vA0 a0 6 sUtra 16-20-22, kisa doSa meM kaisA prAyazcitta lenA yaha rA. vA a0 6 sUtra 22 vA0 10 meM samUcA batA diyA hai / ise hI cAritrasAra meM haraNa ke prAyazcitta ke varNana meM uddhRta kara liyA hai) cA. sA0 pR0 64 ko antima kucha paMktiyAM (rA0 vA0 a0 6 sU0 22 vA 10 kA antima aMza)

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 cA0 sA0pR0 65 se 68 taka (rA0 prA0 a06 sU0 23 se 26 taka) cA0 sA0 pR0 76 (rA. vA0 a0 6 sU044) cA0 sA0 pRSTha 78 se 86 taka dvAdaza bhAvanAoM kA varNana (rA0 vAa06 sUtra 7 se liyA gayA hai| yahA~ cAritnasAra pRSTha 80 kA "tatra yAvaMto lokAkAzapradezAH.........' se lekara "vyavahArakAleSu mukhyaH" taka kA pATha rA0 vA0 a05 sUtra 22 vA0 25-26 se liyA hai) cA0 sA0 pRSTha 63 se 101 taka RddhiyoM kA varNana* (rA. vA0 a03 sUtra 36) cA0 sA0 pRSTha 102 se 103 taka tyAga-AkiMcanya brahmacarya kA svarUpa (rA0 vA0 a0 6 sUtra 6 vA0 21-22-28 saMbhava hai cAritrasAra meM isa taraha ke aura bhI uddharaNa hoN| jitane hamArI najaroM se gujare ve yahAM hamane likhe haiN| .. pAThaka dekheMge ki cAritrasAra meM rAjavArtika se kitanA masAlA liyA gayA hai| cAritrasAra ke kula 103 pRSTha haiN| jinameM se karIba 25 pRSTha chor3akara bAkI sArA prantha rAjavArtika se carcita hai| eka taraha se ise rAjavArtika kA cAritra bhAga kahanA caahiye| - yahAM yaha kaha denA bhI anucita na hogA ki mudrita rAjavArtika meM azuddhiyoM ko bharamAra hai| yahI kyA anya aneka jenagranthoM kA prAyaH yahI hAla hai| khAsakara saiddhAMtika granthoM kI chapAI meM to pUrNa dhyAna isa bAta kA avazya rahanA cAhiye ki kahIM kAI azuddhi na rahane paave| kintu kyA kahA jAya, jainagrantha-prakAzakoM kA ajaba hAla hai| unakI kAryapraNAlI isa saMbaMdha meM bar3I hI avyavasthita hai jo mahAna khedajanaka hai| . cAritrasAra se rAjavArtika kI kaI azuddhiyA~ dUra kI jA sakatI haiN| cAritrasAra bho. azuddhiyoM se khAlI nahIM hai| isakI azuddhiyA~ bhI rAjavArtika se durusta ho sakatI haiN| kyoMki donoM meM azuddhiyA~ eka sthAnIya nahIM haiN| astu, kucha loga zAyada yahA~ yaha kahane kA bhI duHsAhasa kareM ki "akalaMkadeva ne hI cAritrasAra se masAlA lekara rAjavArtika meM rakkhA he" aisA kahanevAloM ko yaha samajha rakhanA cAhiye ki akalaMkadeva cAmuMDarAya se lagabhaga do sau varSa pahile huye haiN| taba unhoMne cAmuMDarAya kI kRti meM se kucha liyA ho yaha kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai ? isake alAvA jinasena ne AdipurANa meM akalaMkadeva kA smaraNa kiyA hai| aura cAmaMDarAya ne apane cAritrasAra pRSTha 15 meM "tathA coktaM mahApurANe" kahakara AdipurANa kA eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai| isase bhI cAmuMDarAya akalaMkadeva ke uttaravartI siddha hote haiN| balki cAmuMDa * chApe kI bhUla se yahAM do eka sthAna meM paMktiyAM ulaTa palaTa ho gayI haiM, jisase varNana kA sila-silA TUTa gayA hai| kheda hai ki isa bhUla ko sUcanA grantha bhara meM kahIM nahIM dI hai| aisI hI gar3abar3a pRSTha 33 meM bhI huI hai|

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kiraNa 3] cAmuNDarAya kA cAritrasAra q m m rAya ne hI khuda cAritrasAra ke anta meM eka padya dekara isa viSaya ko khUba spaSTa kara diyA hai| cAmuMDarAya likhate haiM ki "tatvArtharAjavArtika, rAddhAMtasUtra, mahApurANa aura AcArapranthoM meM jo vistAra se kathana hai usI ko saMkSepa meM isa cAritrasAra meM maiMne kahA hai|" vaha padya yaha hai-- tatvArtharAddhAMtamahApurANeSvAcArazAstreSu ca vistaroktam / pAkhyAtsamAsAdanuyogavedI cAritrasAraM rnnrNgsiNhH|| isa padya meM prayukta "tattvArtha" zabda kA artha "tatvArtharAjavArtika" karanA caahiye| tatvArtha ke sAtha rAddhAMta nahIM lagAnA caahiye| rAddhAMta nAmakA alaga grantha hai| usakA uktaM ca cAsnisAra pRSTha 71 meM "AdAhINaM padAhINaM......" Adi prAkRta gadya diyA hai| AcA. razAstra yahA~ mUlAcArAdi samajhanA cAhiye / cAritrasAra meM mUlAcAra kI bhI gAthAyeM uktaM ca rUpase pAI jAtI haiN| isase yaha sApha siddha ho jAtA hai ki cAmuMDarAya na kevala akalaMkadeva ke bAda ke hI kintu mahApurANakAra jinasena aura guNabhadra ke bhI bAda ke haiN| yahI samaya nemicaMdrAcArya kA hai| kyoMki cAmuMDarAya aura nemicandra kI samakAlInatA nirvivAda hai| ataH itihAsajJoM ne jo dUsare pramANoM se unakA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI prakaTa kiyA hai vaha bilkula ThIka jAna par3atA hai| aura aba to usameM kAI saMdeha hI nahIM hai| isa lekha meM jisa cAritrasAra ke pRSThoM kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha 'mANikacandra granthamAlA'dvArA prakAzita samajhanA caahiye| __ saM0 noTa-kaTAriyA jI kA yaha lekha vicAraNIya hai| isa "cAritrasAra" ke saMgraha graMtha siddha hone para bhI maiM samajhatA hUM ki pAThakoM kI dRSTi meM vidvadvareNya cAmuNDarAya jI kA pANDitya khaTaka nahIM sktaa| kyoMki inake dvArA racita Ajataka ke upalabdha kannaDagadya graMthoM meM sarvaprathama "AdipurANa'' hI inakI vidvattA kA jvalanta dRSTAnta hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI nirvivAda siddhAnta hai evaM vijJa kaTAriyA jI bhI sarvathA sahamata hoMge ki hamAre yaha cAmuNDarAya jI saMskRta ke bhI acche jJAtA the| isa cArikhasAra meM jisa prakAra inhoMne rAjavArtikAdi graMthoM se pracura sahAyatA lekara usakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai usI prakAra apane kannaDa AdipurANa meM bhI bIca bIca meM prastuta viSaya ko pramANita karane ke liye cAmuNDarAya ne bhinna bhinna graMthoM ke kaI saMskRta prAkRta padyoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| para vahA~ bhI unakA ullekha nahIM karane se kucha vidvAnoM ne una padyoM ko inhIM kI racanA samajha rakkhA thaa| isI bhrama ko dUra karane ke liye maiMne "vivekAbhyudaya" (maimaisUra) ke eka lekha meM sapramANa siddha kara diyA hai ki ye padya amuka amuka graMtha ke haiM / ke0 bI0 zAstrI

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bhAskara kI prathama kiraNa meM prakAzita zrImahAvIra kumAra ke tiraMge citra kA paricaya zrImahAvIrAvataraNa - 2500 varSa pahale bhAratavarSa dharma ke nAma para honevAle atyAkA~pa uThA thaa| svArthI aura sattAdhArI loga samAja para manamAne atyAcAra karane lage the / nirarthaka balidAna aura arthazUnya azvamedha, gomedha, ajamedha aura naramedha taka dharma ke nAmapara khule Ama hone laga gaye the / sarvatra lAhi ! vAhi !! kI karuNadhvani se dharA pratidhvanita ho rahI thI / prANimAtra adhIra ho uThe the / aura cAtaka kI bhA~ti kisI atiaAtA kI AzA meM sabhI loga TakaTakI lagAye baiThe the| ThIka usI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA svarga se avataraNa huA / saMsAra meM zAnti kA sAmrAjya ho gayA / balivediyA~ aura yajJa-kuNDa zAnta hue / atyAcAra evaM anAcAra vilIna ho gaye / prema kA pravAha baha calA / rakta- raJjita vasundharA punaH puNyabhUmi banI / " ahiMsA paramodharmaH " kA bigula punaH baja gayA / pAvana ke meM rAtri ke pichale prahara kA samaya hai| cAro ora nistabdha ASAr3ha mAsa zuklapakSa zAnti kA hI daura daurA hai / nIce ASAr3ha ke bAdala haiM / prANatendra ke rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra puSpottara vimAna se caya kara rahe haiM / chatrAkAra zveta puSpapuJja puSpaka vimAna kA paricaya de rahe haiM / mukuTa meM baila kA cihna prANatendra ke prakaTa karatA hai / 14vIM sIr3hI se utaranA prANata nAmaka 14veM kalpa (svarga) kA sUcita karatA hai / santapta saMsAra ko dAhine hAtha se abhaya pradAna karate hue bhagavAna utara rahe haiN| dAhinI ora mAtaMga yakSa ora bAyIM ora siddhAyino yakSiNI bhagavAna varddhamAna kA sUcita karate haiM / yakSa kA varNa harita aura vAhana hAthI hai / 1 Upara donoM hAthoM meM dharmacakra dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| varada aura abhayamudrA hai / isI prakAra yakSiNo kA varNa suvarNa vAhana haMsa hai / dAhine hAtha meM pustaka aura vAma hasta varadarUpa meM hai / nIce balivedI aura yajJakuNDa hai 1 choTelAla jaina

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jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana, ArA kI saMkSipta riporTa (vIra saM0 2460-61) 1-cIra saM0 2460 jyeSTha sudI 5 se vI0 saM0 2461 jyeSTha sudI 4 taka 3605 mahAzayoM ne bhavana se lAbha uThAyA hai| viziSTa darzakoM meM se zrI dhanaMjaya prasAda rAya bI0 e0, sahadeva sahAya sinhA, bI0 e0, bI0 ela0 (DAlaTenagaMja), candrakumAra zAstrI, nyAyakAvyatIrtha, ema. e0, ela. ela. bI0 (mujapapharanagara), pro0 DablyU. nauramaina brAuna (pensilabheniyA yunivasiTI, amerikA), ema0 Ara0 khArDekara bI0 e0, asisTenTa eDiTara bAmbe krAnikala (bambaI), gaurIlAla zAstrI (dehalI), rAmazaraNa upAdhyAya (heDamAsTara TreniGga skUla, paTanA) Adi mahAzayoM ne apanI amUlya sammati pradAna kara bhavana kA prabandha, grantha-saMgraha Adi ko prazaMsA kI hai| - 2-isa varSa bhavana meM vividha bhASAoM kI mudrita pustake (saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI Adi) 64, aMgrejI kI 400; kula 464 saMgRhIta huI haiN| . isa sAla ke pustaka dAtAroM meM nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA ArA, rAjakIya pustakAlaya maisUra, zrImAn campatarAya jI Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| 3-isa varSa saMskRta tathA prAkRta bhASA ke nimnalikhita grantha likhavA kara saMgRhIta kiye gaye:-(1) vratatithi nirNaya (siMhanandI), (2) nemipurANa (bra0 nemidatta), (3) AtmAnuzAsanam (saMgraha), (4) Atmatatva-parIkSaNa (rAjA devarAja), (5) pramANa-prameyakalikA (narendra sena), (6) jambUsvAmI caritra (rAjamalla), (7) sukhabodha (yogadeva), (8) munivaMzAbhyudaya (cidAnanda), (6) jainendra purANa kA avaziSTa bhAga / isa kArya meM rAjakIya pustakAlaya maisUra, vAbU pannAlAla agravAla dehalI se vizeSa sahAyatA milI hai, ataH ye dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| 4-isa varSa 380 prantha bhavana se bAhara diye gye| inase sthAnIya mahAzayoM ke atirikta udayapura, ajamera, maisUra, madrAsa, ujjaina, paTanA, kalakattA, bambaI Adi bhinna bhinna sthAnoM kI saMsthAoM aura vidvAnoM ne bhI lAbha uThAyA hai| -isa sAla sarasvatI-bhavana bambaI tathA rAyacandra Azrama, agAsa ke liye yahAM se 'jayadhavala' likhavAyA jA rahA hai| 6- isa varSa prakAzana-vibhAga meM kAI pRthak grantha prakAzita nahIM huaa| prastuta 'bhAskara' meM hI tIna grantha dhArAvAhika rUpa se nikala rahe haiM jo Apa pAThakoM ke sAmane maujUda haiM / 7-isa varSa vizAla bhArata, nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, sarasvatI, jainamitra, jainagajaTa, (hindI) vIra, jainadarzana, khaNDelavAla jaina hitecchu, jaina mahilAdarza, digambarajaina, jainabodhaka, Jain Gazette, Indian Culture, Indian Historical quarterly, Journal of B. & 0. Reserch Society, Indian Library Journal, sUryodaya, (saMskRta), udyAnapatrikA (saMskRta), karnATaka-sAhitya-pariSat-patrikA (kannaDa), prabuddhakarNATaka (kannaDa) Adi patra bhavana meM Aye haiN| inameM se adhikAMza patra bheMTarUpa meM hI prApta hue haiN| ataH usake saMcAlaka evaM sampAdaka vizeSa dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| maMtrI-jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana, pArA

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graMthamAlA-vibhAga

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prazasti-saMgraha (sampAdaka-ke bhujabalI zAstrI) (gatAMka se Age) antima bhAga zrImUlasaMdhe munizIlatuMge zrIkaundakunde varasUrivRnde / vaMze ca dezIyagaNe guNADhye mahyAmatucche ghanapustagacche // 411 // aasiidsiimaapnsogepuurvo'vlymburaashirgunnrtnraashiH| tasmAdabhUzcandra iva vratIndraH zrIdevakIrtirjitamAramUrtiH // 412 // sadgotrajastadanuvRttarathAdhirUDhaH sacchIlavAjirakhilAtmasukhapravRttiH / doSAkarAkramaNacArukarapracAro haMso'pyasau lalitakIrtirabhUdahasaH // 413 // shriillitkortiytimhdudygirerbhvdaagmmyuukhH| kalyANakIrtimuniravirakhiladharAtalabodhanasamarthaH // 414 // kecitkAvyakathAprathAkuzalinaH kecizca siddhaantinH| kecid vyAkaraNaprayoganipuNAH kecinnarAstArkikAH // kecittIvratapaHprabhAvakalitAH kecitkvitvshrmaaH| kecidvAcakacAsurIparicitAste tasya ziSyA bbhuH||415|| tribhuvanakalazo'pi neminAthaH kalazamagAdatha bhairavendrato jinendraH / tadudayabhuji pANDyadevanAmni hyavati cakAra kalakSitiM kSitIze // 41 // anyadA lalitakIrtimunIndraH saMyutAmalatapodhanayuktaH / tatkSitIzakRtacaityanivAsaM rakSitAkhilaguNaH prayayau saH // 41 // ekasmindivase muninAtho nAkaphalAM jinapatipadapUjAm / / zrotRjanebhyo vizadIkurvan mAtRvaco nicayAtsa ca danyau // 41 // alpaM kathAvatAraM mahadidamakhilaM satpurANaprasiddham / kAvyaM pUjAprabhAvaM tadalaghu guru tat kAryamalpagamyam / tattatsaMgRhya vidvatpariSadupaniSadbhUtavAgarthagumpham siddha nirdhatadoSaM zrutajanavitarattatvavijJAnasaukhyam // 41 // ete sanmunivRSabhAH kavitvabhAjo vAdIndrAH kati kati ca prvaagmino'mii| adhyAtmaprasaraNa........................kiJca eva saMbabhUvuH // 420 //

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k bhAskara [ bhAga 2 ayaJca kalyANayazA munIzvaraH sukAvyatarkAgamazabdavaibhavaH / purANapArIgaNa iha prasAdanaH samartha eveti vicintya sa vratI // 421 // mAmAhUya vratikulatilako miva vizadI kurvan / dantatvibhirmayi muniravadanmastakavistRtakaranIrejaH // 422 // ekAntoddhatavAdiparvataziro vajrAyate vAgiyam sAhityArNavapUrNacandrati mune kalyANakIrttastava / mandAradrumagucchavicyutasudhAsaMbhUtamandAkinI svarNAmbhoruhavAsabhAsuraramAnetrAMzusaMvAdinI // 423 // agamaMgalanivAsabhArata saMgatArtharacanAM ca tAvakIm / maMgalAM kuru jinejyayA lasattuMgavaibhavayutAM guNastuteH // 424 // iti munipativAgbhiH preritenAmalAbhiH laghutaramativAcA zaktisAmrAjyabhAjA / api ca gurusamIpe yanmayAraMbhi pUrvam nanu kimakaraNIyaM satparAdhInavRtteH // 425 // cAritravArAzisudhAkareNa kalyANakIrtti (vatinA) muninA'bhyadhAyi / jainendrayajJasya phalodayAkhyaM kAvyaM jayatvAtiticandratAram // 326 // dvisahasramidaM proktaM zAstraM granthapramANataH / paJcAzaduttaraiH saptazatazlokaizca saMgatam // 427 // paJcAzatrizatIyuktasahasrazakavatsare / lavaMge zrutapaJcamyAM jyeSThe mAsi pratiSThitam // 428 // ityArSe zrImatkalyANakIrttimunIndraviracite jinayajJaphalodaye viprabhaTTahemaprabhAdikRta jinayajJASTavidhAnAkhyavarNanaM nAma navamI lambaH samAptaH / X X X X isake kartA muni kalyANakIrtti kArkala ke maThAdhIza lalitakIrttijI ke ziSya the / inakA pranthanirmANa samaya zAlivAhana zaka 1350 hai tathA yaha pANDya rAjA ke zAsanasamaya meM vidyamAna the| isa grantha ke racayitA Adi para cauvIsavaM varSa ke digambara jaina mAsika patra ke vizeSAGka (1-2 ) meM maiMne kucha vistRta rUpa se aitihAsika prakAza DAlA hai / afa yAkIrtijI ke guru lalitakIrtijI bhairavarAjavaMza ke kramAgata rAjaguru haiN| Aja bhI kArkala maTha kI gaddI para baiThanevAle bhaTTArakoM kA vahI paramparAgata lalitakIrtanAma calAtA hai| isa "jinayajJaphalodaya" ke "paJcAzatrizatIyuktasahasrazakavatsare / lavaMge zrutapaJcamyAM jyeSThe mAsi pratiSThitam // " isa zloka se inakA samaya zaka samvat

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kiraNa 3 ] prazasti-saMgraha 1350 siddha hotA hai| muni mahArAjajI ne usI grantha ke nimnAMkita zloka meM bhairavarAja tathA unake putra pANDyadeva kA isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai : . "tribhuvanakalazo'pi neminAthaH kalazamagAdatha bhairavendrato jinendrH| tadudayabhuji pANDyadevanAmni hyavati cakAra kalakSiti kssitiishe|" ina donoM meM se bhairavarasa oDeya kA samaya zaka samvat 1340 (I0 san 1418) evaM pANDyaroja kA samaya zaka saM0 1353 (I0 san 1431-32) mAnA jAtA hai| bhairavarAja kA kAla kavi ke dvArA ullikhita zloka meM jina neminAtha tIrthaGkara kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unhIM ke mandira ke daravAje para lage hue zilAlekha se liyA huA hai| pANDyarAja vahI vIrapANDya bhairavarasa oDeya haiM jinhoMne kArkala meM bAhubalI svAmI kI vizAla evaM manoza mUrti ko sthApita kara apane nAma ko amara kara diyA hai| bAhubalI svAmI kI mUrti kI pratiSThA zaka sambat 1353 (I0 san 1431-32) meM huI thii| yaha bAta mUrti kI bagala meM lage hue saMskRta evaM kannaDa zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotI hai| isa zubhAvasara para prasiddha vijayanagarAdhIza dvitIya devarAya bhI Amantrita kiye gaye the| yaha pratiSThA-mahotsava bar3e samAroha se manAyA gayA thaa| prazastigata isa "devacandramunIndrAryo dayApAlaH prsnndhiiH|" zlokAMza se yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki lalitakIrtijI ko devacandra nAma ke eka dUsare ziSya bhI the| kavi kalyANakIrtijI ke gurU lalitakIrtijI mUlasaMgha, kundakundAnvaya, dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha ke paTTa-kramAgata bhaTTAraka the| ina bhaTTArakoM kA mUlasthAna maisUra rAjyAntargata "haNasoge" thA / prazastigata 412 veM zloka se jJAta hotA hai ki lalitakItijI ke guru devakIrtijI the| vidita hotA hai ki yaha lalitakIrtijI anyAnya viSayoM ke acche marmajJa the| kyoMki kalyANakIrtijI ne isa prazasti meM dikhalAyA hai ki kAvya, vyAkaraNa, nyAya, siddhAntAdi viSayoM ke zAtA kaI ziSya aura bhI lalilakIrtijI ke maujUda the| ___ kalyANakIrttijI ne grantha racanA kA uddeza grantha ke anta meM yoM batalAyA hai ki eka bAra mere pUjya gurudeva lalitakortijI ne bahutere zrotAoM ko jinapUjA kA phalopadeza dene ke pazcAt yaha kahA ki maiMne yaha pUjAphala saMkSepa meM varNita kiyA hai-purANoM meM isakA vistRta vivaraNa hai| sAtha hI sAtha mujhe yogya samajha kara unhoMne etadviSayaka eka grantha-praNayana karane kA Adeza bhI diyaa| unhIM kI AjJA kA pAlana-phalasvarUpa yaha jinayakSa phalodaya hai| nimnalikhita zloka ke AdhAra para isa grantha kI zloka-saMkhyA do hajAra sAta sau paJcAsa (2750) siddha hotI hai : "visahasramidaM proktaM zAstra prnthprmaanntH| paJcAzaduttaraiH saptazatazlokaizca saMgatam // "

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 - "karNATaka kavicarite" ke dvitIya bhAga se jJAta hotA hai, hamAre yaha kalyANakIrtijI nimnalikhita pranthoM ke bhI racayitA haiM : (1) jJAnacandrAbhyudaya (2) kAmanakathe (3) anuprete (4) jinastuti (5) tattvamedASTaka (6) siddhraashi| ina granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya ka. kavicarite ke mAnya sampAdaka ne apane grantha meM de diyA hai| isa kavi kA likhA huA saMskRta bhASAbaddha eka yazodharacarita evaM kannaDa meM phaNikumAra-carita bhI haiN| yazodharacarita kI zloka saM0 1850 aura racanA-samaya zaka saM0 1375 hai| isa prantha kA AdhAra gandharva kavi kA prAkRtagrantha hai aura isakI racanA pANDya nagara (kArkala) ke gommaTezvara caityAlaya meM huI thii| phaNikumAra. varita kA praNayanakAla zaka saM0 1364 hai| tAr3apatrAGkita ye donoM pranya bhavana meM maujUda haiN| bhavana ke saMgRhIta tAr3apatrAGkita "cinmaya-cintAmaNi" nAmaka kannaDapadyAtmaka laghukalevara prantha bhI saMbhavataH inhIM kalyANakIrti kA ho| (8) grantha naM.27 SaDdarzana-pramANa-prameyAnupraveza kartA-zubhacandra - viSaya-nyAya bhASA-saMskRta cauDAI 4 / / iJca lambAI 8 / iJca . patrasaMkhyA 24 maGgalAcaraNa sAdhanantaM samAkhyAtaM vyaktAnantacatuSTayam / trailokye yasya sAmrAjyaM tasmai tIrthakRte nmH|| madhya bhAga (pUrva pRSTha 10 paMkti 3ya) aparaM ca dravyatattvAdinityadravyavRttayoM'tyAvizeSAH ayutasiddhAnAmAdhArAdheyabhUtAnAM yaH sambandhaH ihedaM pratyayahetuH sa smvaayH| pratyakSalaiGgike ve eva pramANamiti vaizeSika

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21 kiraNa 3 ] darzanasamAsaH / sAMkhyaistu vatsanijabuddhyA parikalpito'yaM nivRtinagaryoH panthAH / yaduta paJcaviMzatitattvaparijJAnA niHzreyasAdhigamaH / tattra bhayo guNAH / sattvaM rajastamazca / tatra prasAdalAghavaprasavAnabhiSaMgadveSaprItayaH kArya satvasya / zokatApasvedastambhogapradveSAH kArya rajasaH / maraNasAdhanabIbhatsadainyagauravANi tamasaH kAryam / tataH satvarajastamasAM sAmyAvasthA prakRtiH saiva pradhAnamityucyate / prazasti : prazasti-saMgraha jayati zubhacandradevaH kaNDUgaNapuNDarIkavanamArttaNDaH / caNDavidaNDadUro rAddhAntapayodhipArago budhavinutaH // X X X isa laghukalevara grantha meM vidvadvara zubhacandradeva ne SaDdarzanoM ke pramANa aura prameya kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai| zubhacandra nAma ke kaI vidvAn hue haiN| "digambara jaina granthakarttA aura unake grantha" ke anusAra nimna likhita pA~ca (?) zubhacandra ke nAma upalabdha hote haiM: (1) zubhacandrAcArya (jJAnArNava ke kartA--jIvanakAla 11vIM zatAbdI*) (2) zubhacandrabhaTTAraka (jIvanakAla vi0 saM0 1450) (3) zubhacandra ( prasiddha pANDava-purANAdi anyAnya kaI granthoM ke karttA - jIvana kAla vi0 saM0 1680) (4) zubhacandrAcArya (saMzayivadanavidAraNa ke kartA- jIvana kAla ) (5) zubhacandra ( karakarADu mahArAjacaritra Adi jIvana - vi0 saM0 1611) pANDavapurANAdi ke karttA bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kA jIvanakAla premI jo ke ukta grantha meM vi0 saM0 1650 likhA huA hai| kintu yaha samaya mujhe bhramapUrNa mAlUma hotA hai| kyoMki pANDavapurANa kI nimnAGkita prazasti se yaha bAta spaSTa jJAta ho jAtI hai ki unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1608 hai : "zrImadvikramabhUpaterdvi kahatasya SaSThe saMkhye zate (?) ramyASTAdhikavatsare sukhakare bhAdra dvitIyAtithau / zrImadvAgvaranIvRtIdamatule zrIzAkavATe pure zrImacchrIpurudhAni ca viracitaM stheyAtpurANaM ciram // pANDavapurANa ke karttA se bhinna nahIM hai / isase yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki karakarADu mahArAjacaritra ke racayitA zubhacandra kyoMki jIvanakAla meM kevala tIna varSa kI dUrI prAraMbha meM premI jI ke dvArA likhita *rAyacandra jainazAstramAlA meM prakAzita jJAnArNava "zrIzubhacandrAcArya kA samaya nirNaya" ke AdhAra para /

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22 [ bhAga 2 adhika nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai evaM karakaNDu mahArAja kA caritra bhI donoM zubhacandra kI racanA meM AgayA hai / phira bhI yaha anumAnaparaka hai| prazasti evaM racanAzailI Adi se isakA prakRta nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / pANDavapurANa kI prazasti se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki "saMzayivadanavidAraNa" ke karttA pANDavapurANa ke kartA zubhacandra se bhinna nahIM haiM pANDavapurANa aura saMzayivadanavidAraNa ke karttA zubhacandra kA bhinna bhinna mAnane kI dhAraNA meM mukhya kAraNa yaha ho gayA hai ki saMzayivadanavidAraNa prantha kA pratilipikAla saMgrahakartA ko vi0 saM0 1988 milA hai| mere anumAna se yaha kAla bhramapUrNa sA jJAta hotA hai / 1 bhAskara isI prakAra zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI mujhe zubhacandra catuSTayI ke darzana hote haiN| eka to devakIrtti ke ziSya dUsare gaNDavimukta maladhArideva ke ziSya, tIsare mAghanandI ke ziSya aura cauthe rAmacandra ke ziSya / pANDavapurANa kI prazasti meM pratipAdita " SaDvAda" hI saMbhavataH yaha prastuta grantha "SaDdarzanapramANaprameyAnupraveza" ho / kintu sAtha hI sAtha mana meM yaha bhI zaGkA sthAna kara jAtI hai ki pANDavapurANa, kArttikeyAnuprekSA Adi apane anyAnya granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM apanI vistRta guruparamparA Adi kA paricaya jisa prakAra inhoMne diyA hai; isameM bhI de diye hote / astu, jo ho isa grantha kI racanAzailI evaM bhASA - saraNI prazasta hai / antima zloka se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki Apa apUrva vAda-paTu, tapasvI evaM siddhAnta zAstra ke prakhara vidvAn the / balki ullikhita zravaNabelagola ke zaka samvat 1045 ke 43 (117) veM zilAlekha meM varNita 2 ya zubhacandra deva kI ora merA dhyAna kucha AkRSTa sA ho jAtA hai / kyoMki usa zilAlekha meM varNita zubhacandra ke vyaktitva aura pANDityadyotaka vizeSaNoM meM isa grantha kA antima ekamAtra zloka mila sA jAtA hai / ataH itihAsa- premI vidvAn isa ora vizeSa dhyAna deMge /

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kiraNa 3 ] (6) grantha naM0 212 lmbaaii--8| iJca granthAvataraNa prazasti-saMgraha alaMkAra - saMgraha karttA - amRtanandayogI viSaya - alaGkAra bhASA saMskRta caur3AI --4 // iJca maGgalAcaraNa jagadvaicitryajananajAgarUkapadadvayam / aviyoga rasAbhijJamAdyaM mithunamAzraye // 1 // tadullA sarasAkArAM tattvakairavakaumudIm / namAmi zAradAM devIM nAmarUpAdhidevatAm // 2 // 23 pattrasaMkhyA - 104 uddAmaphaladAM gurvImudadhimekhalAm (1) / bhaktibhUmipatiH zAsti jinapAdAbjaSaTpadaH // 3 // tasya punastyAgamahAsamudrabirudAGkitaH / somasUryakulosA mahito manvabhUpatiH // 4 // sa kadAcitsabhAmadhye kAvyAlApakathAntare / apRcchadamRtAnandamAdareNa kavIzvaram // 5 // varNazuddhiM kAvyavRttiM rasAn bhAvAnanantaram / netRbhedAnalaGkArAn doSAnapi ca tadguNAn // 6 // nATyadharmAn rUpakoparUpakANAM bhidAlapsi (?) / cATuprabandhabhedAMzca vikIrNastatra tatra tu // 7 // saJcityaikatra kathaya saukaryAya satAmiti / mayA tatprArthitenetthamamRtAnandayoginA ||||| tattrAntareditAnarthAn vAkyAnyaiva kvacit kvacit / saJcitya kriyate samyak sarvAlaGkArasaMgrahaH // 6 // X X X

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24 madhyabhAga -- (pRSTha pUrva 52 paMkti 4) - antima bhAga - -: bhAskara leti pUrvakathitaM punarapi lIleti kathitametasmin / yasminnadaH prakRSTaM tatprakarSaM tadAmananti yathA // kaH kaH kutra na ghargharAyitadhurI gheoro ghuretsUkaraH kaH kaH kaM kamalAkaraM vikamalaM karttuM karI nodyataH / ke ke kAni vanAnyaraNyamahiSA nonmUlayeyuryataH / siMhe! snehavilAsabaddhavasatiH paJcAnanA varttate // X X X [ bhAga 2 ityamRtAnandayogiviracite alaGkArasaMgrahe vasunirNayo nAmASTamo'dhyAyaH / "kannar3a kavicarite " bhAga 2ya pRSTha 33 meM eka amRtanandI kavi ke bAre meM nimnalikhita ullekha milatA hai| "inhoMne akArAdi vaidyanighaNTu likhA hai / yaha jaina kavi haiM / inakA lagabhaga 1300 zatAbdI meM honA saMbhava jJAta hotA hai / " 1 "rasaratnAkara" nAmaka kannar3a alaGkAra grantha kI bhUmikA meM svargIya 80 veGkaTarAva bI0 e0 ela0TI0 tathA paNDita eca0 zeSa aiyyaGgAra ne likhA haiM ki - " amRtanandI kA alaGkArasaMgraha nAma kA eka grantha hai / usameM (1) varNagaNa- vicAra (2) zabdArtha - nirNaya (3) rasanirNaya (4) nettrabhedavicAra (5) alaGkAranirNaya (6) deoSaguNAlaGkAra - nirNaya (7) sandhyaGganirUpaNa (8) vRttinirUpaNa (1) kAvyAlaGkAranirUpaNa nAmaka ye nava pariccheda haiN| yaha bhI inakA koI svatantra grantha nahIM hai / kyoMki prAcIna AlaGkArika pranthoM kA dekhakara 'manva' bhUpati kI anumati se yaha grantha saMcita karake maiMne likhA hai yoM granthAraMbha meM racayitA ne svayaM kahA hai / yaha manva rAjA somasUryakulottaMsa, samudrabirudAGkita, yamagaMDaragaMDa, keAravaM kabhIma, samaraniraGkuza evaM nUttasAhasAGka Adi birudAvalI se alaMkRta the| isa bAta kA kavi ne grantha ke pratyeka paricchedAnta-padya meM kahA hai / isa manvabhUpati ke pitA zivapAdAbjaSaTpada bhakti bhUmipa the / * tirucanApallI ke jambukezvara devasthAna meM prApta pratAparudradeva ke eka zAsana se manvagaNDa gopAla nAmaka eka pratApa rudra kA sAmanta thA aisA vidita hai, isaliye anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yahI amRtanandI ke AzrayadAtA hoMge / * kintu bhavana kI isa prati meM ""janapAdAbjaSaTpadaH " yahI pATha hai /

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pratimA - lekha - saMgraha ( saMgrAhaka -- zrIyuta bA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina ) (8) mainapurI ( muhakamagaMja) di0 jaina paMcAyatI maMdira ke yaMtroM kI prazastiyAM / 1 : samyakcAritrayaMtra - " saM0 1474 varSe mAghasudI 13 gurau zrI mUlasaMghe golArADAnvaye sA bhojU putra malai siMha tatpukha senarAjadhAmU cAmU savimala surapAla sA0 sevarAja pusa karan asiksa sivapAlonedaM yaMtraM pratiSThApya nityaM praNamanti / ... praNamati / " 2 siddhayaMtra -- " saM0 1534 zrI mUlasaMgha bha0 jinacandrAnnAye bha0 zrIbhuvana kIrtistatpaTTa zrI jJAnabhUSaNa gurUpadezAt laMbecU sA0 ujAgara 3. anantayaMtra - " saM0 15...... zrI mUla saMghe upadezAt kasima vAstavya gharakau saMgha hA tasA kezasA zubhaM bhavatu / 4 siddhayaMtra - - " saM0 1675 varSe phAlguNa vadI 3 zubhadine zrI mUlasaMghe bha0 zrI dharmakIrti bha0 vizAla kIrtiM tadAmnAye khaMDelavAla pramodaka ? sammedagirau vAsva zIlabhUSaNa bha0 mahIcandra tatsiSya maMDalAcArya zrI siMdhiyA gola sA0 himata bhA0 udhA tatputre padArthaka pratiSThAya pratiSThitaM / " senagaNe bha0 zrIguNabhadrastadbhaTTAraka zrIlakSmIsena jJAtIye saMghaI hemA sA: bhAryA amvAtayo suta . zrI anaMta yaMtrAM pratiSThApyaM nityaM praNamaMti 5 samyak cAritra - "saMvat 1686 jyeSTha vadi 11 zukre zrImUlasaMghe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdAnnAye bha0 zrIdharmakIrti devA bha0 zrIzIlabhUSaNa devA bha0 zrI jJAnabhUSaNa devA bha0 zrI jaga bhUSaNa devA tadAnnAye golArAnvaye kharauA jAtIye kulahA gosa paMDitAcArya paM0 bhojarAja bhA0 pyAro tayo putra 3 paM0 zrImakaraMda bhA0 darzana de...... paM0 dayAludAsa bhA0 khimotI paM0 zrIzrIpAla bhA0 matharA paM0 makaraMda pula 6 paM0 cintAmaNi bhA0 sundari paM0 manIrAma bhA0 suritAna de putra paM0 hemarAja paM0 lalA paM0 candrasena bhA0 himotI paM0 cUr3AmaNi paM0 paratApa bhA0 parimalade paM0 balabhadra paM0 hIrAmaNi paM0 zrIlAla putra paM0 tejapAla bhA0 kevala maulikatA lupta ho jAne ke khayAla se " pratimA - lekha saMgraha " ke lekhoM kI bhayaMkara azuddhiyAM jyoM kI tyoM chor3a dI gayI haiM / sampAdaka

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 de paM0 manohara paM0 jayantI paM0 rAmacandra paM0 raghupati 60 madhusUdana 50 bhopati paM0 tArAcandra paM0 manIrAma vrataudyApanArtha yaMtra / 6-siddhiyaMtra-"saM. 1688 varSe ASAr3ha vadI 8 zrImUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdukuMdA mnAye bha0 zrIzIlabhUSaNa devAstatpaTTa bha0 zrIjJAnabhUSaNa devAstatpa?' bha0 zrI jagadbhUSaNadevAstadAmnAye golasiMgArAnvaye raMgA goze sAhu zrIlAlU tasva bhAryA jinA tayo putrA kuverasI tasya bhAryA caDhA (1) tyo putrA catvAri jyeSTha putra dharadAsa dvitiyaputra damodara tRtIya putra bhagavAna caturtha abhedhara dAsa bhA0 arjunA eteSAM madhye dharadAsa dazalakSaNI vRta- udyApanArtha yaMtra pratiSThA karApita zubhaM bhavatu / " 7-samyagdarzanayaMtra-"saM0 1722 varSe mAdhavadI 5 saume ava0 zrI mUlasaMdhe bha0 zrIjagadbhUSaNa tatpaTTa bha0 zrI vizvabhUSaNa tadAmnAye yaduvaMze lambakaMcuka pacolanegota sA bhAvate hIrAmaNi kanhara ramIle lAlasena udyAtmaNi ziromaNi ativala jayakRSNa eteSAM sA0 bhAvate hIrAmaNi lAlasena ramIle yaMtra pratiSTA karApitaM / likhitaM paM0 griibdaas|" 8-samyagjJAnayaMtra-"saM0 1760 varSe phAlguNa sudI 1 gurau zrI mUlasaMdhe sarasvatI gacche balAtkAragaNe kundakundAcAryAnvaye bha0 zrI surendrabhUSaNa devAstadAmnAe laMbakaMcu. kAnvaye rapariyA gotraM sA0 kumAraseni bhAryA jIvanade putra 3 jyeSTha kharagasena bhAryA balako putra 2 jayakRSNa 2 manasuSa eteSAM madhye sA0 rAmasena nitvaM praNamaMti / " 1-Sor3azakAraNayaMtra-"saM0 1766 varSe mAgha sudI 5 somavAsare zrImUlasaMghe valAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdAcAryAmnAe bha0 zrI vizvabhUSaNadevAstatpa?' zrIdevendra bhUSaNa devAstatpa4 zrI bha0 surendrabhUSaNa devAstadAmnAe laMbakaMcukAnvaye bur3ha le jJAtIye rAvata gota sAhu badalUdAsa bhAryA sudhI tayo putra vayaH jAtaH puta jeSTa rAma bhAryA punA putra jagamana bhA0 udotI putra vinayasiMha dvitIya bhrAtA sA0 tulArAma bhA0 deva jAtA pulAH SaT jyeSTha zivarAma bhA0 dharanI dvitIya haMsarAja bhA0 vaNe putra paramAnanda dvitIya pusa devIdAsa bhA0 lakSmI caturtha putra uttamacandra bhA0 ratnAvatI puta dvitIya jyeSTha sukhamani bhA0 osuma tA0 vi0 ToDaramala paM0 candrabhAna bhA0 udotA SaSThe dInAnAtha bhA0 devikuMvari pula paracArAma eteSAM madhye sAhu tulA rAmeNa yaMtra pratiSThA kaaritaa| udalasya sAgaropureNa kRtA / "

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kiraNa 3 ] pratimA-lekha-saMgraha 10 samyagdarzana yaMtra-"saMvat 1772 varSe phAlguNavado hai caMdra zrI mUlasaMghe valAtkAragaNe sarasvatI gacche kuMdakuMdAcAryAmnAye bha0 zrI devendrabhUSaNa devAstatpaTTa bha0 zrIsurendra bhUSaNa devAstasmAt brahma jagatasiha gurupadezAt tadAmnAye lambaka kAnvaye buDhele jJAtoye kauA gotra zrI sA0 sivarAmadAsa bhA0 devajAvI tayo putA vaya jyeSTha devIdAsa bhAryA dvau jyeSTha lAlakuMvari tasyA putA traya jyeSTha zobhArAma bhA0 jAmvato. tayo putra nihAlacandra dvi0 atirAja bhA0 jayakuMvari tRtIya khemarAja bhA0 samvedhI punaH dvitIya nanda rAma bhAryA ghokA tayo putra mahAnanda bhA0 sumitrA punaH tRtIya garaharadAsa bhA0 bhavAnI tayo putra dvau jyeSTha vaTaU mala bhA0 kamalakuMvari dvi0 zivAnanda bhA0 balako eteSAM madhye devIdAsa nitvaM praNamaMti / 11 dazalakSaNayaMtra - "saM0 1761 varSe phAlguNa sudo 6 budhavAsare zubha dine mUlasaMdhe sarasvatIgacche balAtkAragaNe zrIkundakundAcAryAnvaye bha0 zrIvizvabhUSaNadevAstaspaTTa' bha0 zrIdevendrabhUSaNa devAstatpaTTa bha0 zrI surendrabhUSaNa devAstadAmnAe buDhelAnvaye gRgagota sAhu tulArAma suputra dArA sahitastasyaM jyeSThaputra sA0 devIdAsasya dArA putau vibhUSita nityaM sarve prnnmNti| aTerapure sAhu tulArAmeNa yaMtra pratiSThA kAritaH tatra pratiSTitam / ' 12 SoDazakANayaMtra- "saM0 1828 mito bhAdrava kRSNa paMcamI zukra zrImUlasaMghe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kundakundAcAryAnvaye bha0 zrI vizvabhUSaNajo ta0 bha0 devendrabhUSaNajI ta0 bha0 surendrabhUSaNajI ta0 bha0 lakSamIbhUSaNajI ta0 bha0 jitendrabhUSaNa jI tadAmnAye paMDelavAlAnvaye iSvAkuvaMze chAvarAgotra nAnigarAma nityaM praNamaMti / mainapurI ke bhagata jI ke digaMbara jaina mandira kA lekha-saMgraha / yaMtra-prazastiyAM (ATha yaMtra haiM, kintu prazasti kisI para nahIM haiM ) liMga-cihana sahita pratimAoM para ke lekhoM kA saMgraha / 1 anaMtanAtha-zvetapASANa-8 aM0-"saM0 1945 mAghakRSNa 2 zrImUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kundakundAnvaye jhanmanalAlena pratiSTitam / " 2 pArva-khaDgAsana-4 khar3aga0 mUrtiyAM agala bagala-yakSayakSiNI bhAmaMDalAdi-sahita-kRSNa pASANa 40 aM0-"zrImUlasaMdhe sarasvatI gacche balAtkAragaNe kuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye zrImaMta zrI. harendrabhUSaNajI upadeso naraMgI mAthe maiMnapurI sAhu lAla manIrAmA mAragasudI 2 saM0 194, (21 mUrtiyoM meM se kulaM do mUrtiyA~ liGga-cinha-sahita haiN|)

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 ... mainapurI loiyana kA di0 jaina maMdira meM virAjamAna liMga-cihna sahita mUrtiyoM kA lekha-saMgraha / , siddhaparameSThI-dhAtu-10 aMo-"zrI saM0 1936 vaisAkha zudI 7 zrI dasyAMgapure pratiSThita midam siddhavivaM hanalAla maiNnpurii|" 2 siddhaparameSThI-dhAtu 11 aM0--"saM0 1945 madhu kRSNa 2 pratiSThataM / ' 3 AdinAtha-dhAtu -15 aM0-"saM0 1911 phAlguNa mAse zukla pakSe , bhraguvAsare ko pratiSThitaM maiMnapurI madhye zrImUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche zrIkuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye agravAla kukasa gotra lAlA malairAma jI tatsaMga bhrAtA kalyANa nitvaM praNamati zrIsva" * candraprama-dhAtu-18 aM0-"saM0 1886 caitamAse zubhe zuklapakSa 2 zubha zukravAsare pratiSThitaM zrI kASTAsaMghe valAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche zrIlohAcAryAnvaye tasya ziSya anusAreNa agravAlavaMze garaga-gotra zrIkAsIrAmajI nityaM praNamaMti / zrIharacaMda purmdhyeshrii|" pArzva-dhAtu-23 aM0--"saM0 1602 mAgha mAse zuklapakSa 13 somavAsare ko zrImUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche zrIkuMdakuMdAcAryAmnAya tadvacanopadezAt vaMza agravAla lohiA khusAlacaMda haracaMdapura vAle tinake mAthe / ' 6 pAva-dhAtu--22 aM0--"zrIsaMvat 1896 caitamAse zuklapakSa 3 zukravAsare ko pratiSThitaM zrIkASTAsaMghe valAskAragaNe sarasvatIgacche zrIlohAcAryAnvaye tasya pratItAnusAreNa agra vAla vaMza...go kevalarAma jI nityaM praNamaMti zrI mainapurI zrIstu / " ' * siddha-dhAtu-13 0 - "zrImUlasaMdhe jhammanalAlena pratiSThitaM saM0 1945 mAgha kRSNa 2 / " + AdinAtha-dhAtu - 15 aM.-- 'zrImUlasaMdhe valAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche zrIkuMdakaMdAcAryAnvaye gargagotra agravaMze jhammanalAla pratiSTitaM saM0 1945 mAgha kRSNa 2 / " hai pArzva-dhAtu-14 aM0--"saM0 1615 phAlguNamAse zuklapakSe 7 bhRgau pratiSTitaM......maddha bhAI malairAma nityaM praNamaMti / " 1. siddha--dhAtu-10 aM0-"saM. 1945 mAgha kRSNa 2 / " (kula 36 pratimAoM meM se uparyukta 10 ke liGga-cihna prakaTa hai ) ___yaMtra lekha-saMgraha / . samyagjJAna-"saMvat 1734 varSe mAghasudI 1 zrImUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kuMdakuMdA cAryAnvaye zrI bha0 jagabhUSaNadevA tadAnAye laMbakaMcukAnvaye rAvata-gotra caMDamAra durge rAvata prarasAdatatputra rAvata siromani......jaMtraka rApitA nitvaM prnnmNti"|

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kiraNa- 3 ] pratimA - lekha - saMgraha 21/ 2 dazalAkSaNika yaMtra - "saMvat 1760 varSe phAlguNa sudi 1 gurau zrImUlasaMghe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatI gacche zrIkuMdakuMdAcAryAnnAye bha0 zrI vizvabhUSaNa devAstatpaThThe zrIdevendrabhUSaNa vevAstapaTTa bha0 zrIsurendra bhUSaNa devAstadAmnAe yaduvaMze laMbakaMcukAnvaye rapariyA gola sA0 chavIle pusa sA0 zaMkara bhAryA tilakA pusa 3 jyeSTha sAha mAraseni dvi0 sA0 sukhamala..... sA0 udairAjena yaMsa pratiSThApitaM / " 3 Sor3azakAraNa yaMtra - " zubha saMvat 1320 phAguNa vadi 3 guruvAsare zrImUla saMghe va0 ga0 sa ga0 kuM0 zrImadunnahAraka jinendrabhUSaNa jiddevastatpaTTa e zrImadbhaTTAraka mahendrabhUSaNa jidevastatpaTTa e zrIbhaTTAraka rAjendrabhUSaNaji devastadupadezAt zrImadugra vaMzodbhavaH vAzilagotrotpannaH / kASTA saMghe bAbU brajamohanadAsastadbhAryA suMdari - kuMvaristatputra bAbU jagamohana dAsa bAbU munisuvrata dAsau tadbhAyeM kAMtAkuMvari TukaTuka kuMvari saMjJake ca tAbhi: pratiSTayakartA ArA nagarkhA kelirAmastataM putra DAlacaMda agravAra garaga golotpannasya mastake kRtA / " 4 samyak cAritra yaMtra - naM 3 kI bhAMti / 1 navagrahayaMtra - lekha - rahita /

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mainapurI ke mUrti-lekhoM se prApta paricaya mainapurI ke jina cAra digambara jaina maMdiroM kI mUrti evaM tAmrapatra - lekhoM kA saMgraha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, unase jo paricaya prApta hotA hai, use pAThakoM ke avalokanArtha hama nIce aMkita karate haiM / sabase pahile AcAryoM aura bhaTTArakoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai: -- vizeSa vivaraNa naM0 ng bha0 abhavacandra 2 bha0 abhayananda deva 8 8 nAma AcArya va bhaTTAraka 6 " " guNakIrti ,, guNabhaGga 35. 55 "" kamalakIrti " 99 " caMdrakIrti jinacaMdradeva : : : : guru kA nAma ...... bha0 abhavacandra saMgha mUla balAtkAra "; kASTA 93 gaNa mUla kASTA 99 : : : : gaccha anvaya sarasvatI kuMdakuMda 0 saM0 1662 se pUrva 66 : : : : ::: 95 : kisa samaya meM ullekha milatA hai / : : : "" saM0 1545 saM0 1473 saM0 1437 saM01526 va 1531 pandrahavIM za0 saM0 1652 saM0 1413 saM0 1662 meM inake paTTa para AcArya ratnakIrti virAjamAna the / saM0 1506 va saM0 1510 lekhoM meM bhI bha0 kamalakIrti kA ullekha hai / inakI AnnAva meM bha0 malayakIrti hue / saM0 1537 - 1545 meM inake paTTa para lakSmIsena the 22 bhAskara bhAga 2

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1. , jinacandra ... / mUla / balAtkAra | sarasvatI kunda0 .............. mUla / balAtkAra sarasvatI chanda0 kiraNa 3] saM01902 se 1515 bha0 pramAcandra ke ziSya pAnanda deva (1450) the| inhIM prabhAcandra kA ullekha pratiSTAcAryarUpa meM saM0 1412 meM huA hai| padmanaMda ke paTTa para zubhacaMdra AsIna hue| zubhacaMdra ke uttarAdhikArI jinacaMdra the, jinake bAda paTTa para bha0 siMhakIrti (1520-1938) baitthe| zAyada gvAliyara ke paTTa kA ullekha hai| seTha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla ne inake dvArA aneka bimba pratiSTita karAye ...... pratimA-lekha-saMgraha ... 13 | brahma jinadAsa , balAtkAra sarasvatI kunda saM0 1137 se pUrva | inakI AmnAya meM vidyAnadi maMDalAcArya aura zrIbhuvanakIrti hue| saM0 1911 ... "zAstrapUjA" "gurupUjA' Adi graMtha apabhraMza bhASA meM zAyada inhIM brahma jinadAsa ne race haiN| saM0 1512 saM0 1553 se pUrva saM0 1153 zAke saM0 1046 saM0 1551 se pUrva bha0 jinacandradeva ... ,, jinaprabhasUri , jinabhAnudevasUri ... | bha0 jinaprabhasUri ,, jagatakIrti , jasakIrti

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anvaya kisa samaya meM ullekha nAma AcAvaM va bhaTTAraka guru kA nAma | saMgha gaNa | gaccha / vizeSa vivaraNa 19 , jagabhUSaNa ... bha. jJAnabhUSaNa mUla balAtkAra sarasvatI kunda0 20 , jinendrabhUSaNa ... bha0 lakSmIbhUSaNa | " , " , bhAskara saM0 1686 ...| bha0 dharmakIrti ke paTTa parabha zIla bhUSaNa huye| unake paTThAdhIza ma0 jJAnabhUSaNa the| aura inake uttarAdhikArI bha0 jagadbhUSaNa hue| phira bha0 vizvabhUSaNa (1722) aura | devendrabhUSaNa (1735) hue| saM0 1828 ... isa lekha meM aTera ke paTTa para uparyukta | vizvabhUSaNa aura devendrabhUSaNako likhA hai| devendrabhUSaNa ke bAda paTTa para bha. surendrabhUSaNa (1760-1766) baitthe| inake uttarAdhikArI bha0 lakSmIbhUSaNa (1761) huye, jinake pada para bha. jinendrabhUSaNa ne adhikAra jmaayaa| isa prakAra bha0 dharmakIrti se bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa taka saba hI bhaTTAraka aTera kI gahI para huye pratIta hote haiN| saM0 1416 meM yahA~ para bha. vizvasena the| saM0 1818 meM bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa ke pazcAt unake uttarA. dhikArI kramaza: bha0 mahendrabhUSaNa aura bha0 rAjendrabhUSaNa the| (saM. 1920) /

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zrIpUjyapAda-kRta vaidya-sAra (anuvAdaka-paNDita satyandhara jaina, AyurvedAcArya, kAvyatIrtha) (gatAMka se Age) 20--navajvare karuNAkararasaH rasagaMdhakaM bhAgaikaM tathA ca lauhttNknnN| manaHzilA mayaskAMtaM nAga gaganameva ca // 1 // savaMgazulvasaMyuktAM kRtvA kajalikAM budhaiH| lauhapAne pacet samyak yAvadaruNavarNatA // 2 // karuNAkararaso nAma navajvaranivAraNaH / nimittadoSadoSebhyazcAnupAnaM prayojayet // 3 // pUjyapAdakRto yogaH narANAM hitkaarkH| sarvarogasamUhano kathito vijJasaMmmataH // 4 // TIkA-zuddha pArA, zuddha gaMdhaka, lauhabhasma, kaccA suhAgA, zuddha mainazila, kAntalauhabhasma, zIsAbhasma, abhrakabhasma, vaMgabhasma aura tAmrabhasma ye saba barAbara barAbara lekara kajalI banAve aura lohe kI kar3AhI meM DAlakara pakAve, jaba pakate pakate lAla varNa ho jAya taba taiyAra smjhe| yaha karuNAkara nAma kA rasa navInajvara ko nAza karanevAlA hai| isako jvara, tathA vAta, pitta, kapha doSoM ke anusAra anupAna bheda se sevana karanA caahiye| yaha pUjyapAda svAmI kA kahA huA yoga manuSyoM kA hita evaM saMpUrNa rogoM ko nAza karanevAlA vidvAnoM dvArA mAnya kahA gayA hai| 21-zrAmAdau meghanAdarasaH hiMgulaM TaMkaNaM vyoSa saidhavaM nivRtAni c| dantI:hiMguviDaMgaM ca dIpyayugmaM samAMzakam // 1 // taccUrNasamabhAgaM ca jaipaalphlmishritH| mardayetkhalvamadhye tu jaMbIrarasabhAvitaH // 2 //

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16 bhIskara baTikAM guMjamAtraSu uSNAMbunA pibennaraH / AmaM virecanaM kuryAt meghanAda stridoSajit // 3 // paMcagulmaM tayaM pAMDukAmalAjIrNadurbalaM / mUtrarogaM harecchavAsaM kAsalIhamahodarAn ||4|| karasena nAzayati amlaplIhajalodarAn / zUlahRdrogadurnAmakRmikuSThahalImakaM // 5 // maMDalaM gajacarmANi yogena timirApahaH / mAMsodare ca maMdAgnau madhunA khalvarocake // 6 // meghanAdarasaH proktaH tridoSamalanAzanaH / anupAna vizeSeNa rAgAn muMcati kArmukAn // 7 // pUjyapAdakRto yogo narANAM hitakArakaH / [ bhAga 2 TIkA - zuddha siMgarapha, zuddha suhAgA, soMTha, kAlI mirca, pIpala, seMdhA namaka, nizotha, dantI, hIMga, vAyaviDaMga, ajamoda, ajavAyana ye saba barAbara barAbara leve tathA ina sabake barAbara zuddha jamAlagoTA milAve aura khala meM jaMbIrI nIMbU ke rasa meM bhAvanA dekara eka eka rattI kI golI banAkara prAtaHkAla eka eka golI garma jala ke sAtha sevana kare to isase grAmadoSa kA virecana hotA hai, tathA yaha meghanAda rasa tInoM doSoM ko jItanevAlA pAMcoM prakAra ke gulmaroga, kSaya, pAMDu, kAmalA, ajIrNa, durbalatA, mUtraroga, zvAsa, khA~sI, tillI, mahAna udara roga, adarakha ke rasa ke sAtha sevana karane se amlaroga plIhA, jalodara, zUla, hRdayaroga, bavAsIra, kRmiroga, kuSTharoga, halImaka, maMDala (cakate par3anA) gajacarma ( gajakarNa roga) vizeSa anupAna se timira roga kA bhI, mAMsodara, maMdAgni athavA madhu ke sAtha sevana karane se sarva prakAra ke arocaka kA aura tridoSa kA nAza karanevAlA hai yaha meghanAda rasa anupAna - vizeSa se aneka prakAra ke rogoM ko nAza karatA hai| yaha pUjyapAda svAmI kA banAyA huA yoga manuSyoM kA hita karanevAlA hai / 22 - jIrNajvarAdau ghor3A colIrasaH pAradaM TaMkaNaM gaMdhaM viSaM vyoSaM phalatrayam / tAlakaM ca samopetaM jaipAlaM samabhAgakam // 1 // kiMzukasya rase dattvA yAmamAtraM tu peSayet / guMjApramANavATikAM chAyAzuSkAM tu kArayet // 2 //

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kiraNa 3 ] vaidya-sAra maricaiH kSodhitaiH svarasaizcArdrA kasya ca pAyayet / jIrNajvaraM zulamehaM kaThinaM tu mahodaraM // 3 // plIhAM ca kRmideoSaM ca haret kuMbhAhvayaM gaM / ghor3AcUliritikhyAto pUjyapAdena bhASitaH // 4 // 16 TIkA - zuddha pArA, zuddha suhAgA, zuddha gaMdhaka, zuddha viSa, soMTha, miraca, pIpala, triphalA, zuddha aafkayA haratAla kA bhasma aura zuddha jamAlagoTA ye saba cIjeM barAbara barAbara lekara palAsa ke phUla ke svarasa meM eka prahara taka ghoMTa kara eka paka rattI kI golI bAMdhakara chAyA meM sukhaave| isa golI kA eka rattI pIsI huI kAlI mirca tathA adarakha ke rasa ke sAtha pilAve / yaha jIrNajvara, zUla, prameha, kaThina udara roga, plIhA, kRmi aura kuMbhakAmalA hra karatA hai / yaha ghor3AcolI rasa. pUjyapAda svAmI kA batalAyA huA yoga bahuta uttama hai| 23 - vidhe icchA bhediramaH sUtaM gaMdhaM ca maricaM TaMkaNaM nAgarAbhaye / jaipAlabIjasaMyukto krameNa vardhanaM karet // 1 // sarvatulyairguDairma icchAbhedirasaH smRtaH / caturgu AvaDI yogyA tataH toyaM pibenmuhuH ||2|| vibaMdha jvaragulmaM ca zophazUlodarabhramam / pAMDukuSTAgnimAndhaM ca zleSmapittAnilaM haret // 3 // soMTha, bar3I harra kA TIkA - zuddha pArA, zuddha gaMdhaka, kAlI mirca, suhAge kA phUla, bakalA, zuddha jamAla goTA, ye krama se eka eka bhAga bar3hA kara leve arthAt pArA 1 bhAga gaMdhaka 2 bhAga, mirca 3 bhAga suhAgA 4 bhAga, sauMTha 5 bhAga, harre 6 bhAga, jamAlagoTA 7 bhAga leve aura ina sabako pIse tathA sabake barAbara purAnA gur3a milA kara cAra cAra rantI kI golI banAve, subaha zAma eka eka golI sevana kare aura Upara se 2 tolA pAnI pIye tathA pyAsa lagane para kaI bAra pAnI pIve isase recana hotA hai / yaha davA jvara, gulma, sUjana, zUla, udara roga, bhrama roga, SAMDu, kuSTa, agnimAMdya-kapha, pitta aura bAta ina saba rogoM kA nAza karanevAlA hai|

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 24-vibaMdhe virecakatiktakozAtakIyogaH tiktakozAtakIbIjaM tintddiibiijsNyutm| pAtAlayaMtramArgeNa tailaM tattiktatuMbake // 1 // sArdhe saSIje mAsArdha kSipet siddha bhvetttH| tena pAdapralepena nAmilepena vA bhavet // 2 // AmaM virecayatyAzu vAntau tu hRdayaM punH| ' lepayet kSAlayennimbavAriNA staMbhanaM bhavet // 3 // TIkA-kar3avI turaI ke bIja, tintaDIka ke bIja, ina donoM ko barAbara barAbara lekara pAtAla yaMtra ke dvArA unakA taila nikAle aura usa taila ko kar3avI tumariyAbIjasahita AdhI kATa kara usameM bhara kara 15 dina taka rakhe to yaha tailasiddhi ho evaM phira usako nikAla kara kAma meM laave| usa taila ko pairoM meM lagAne se tathA nAbhI para lepa karane se Ama doSa kA virecana hotA hai, yadi bamana ho jAya to hRdaya para lepa kare aura nIma kI pattI ke ThaMDe pAnI se prakSAlana kare to bamana zAnta ho jAtA hai| 25-vibaMdhe prathama icchAbhedirasaH jaipAlarasagaMdhAMzca snuhIkSIreNa mardayet / vizvAharItakI zRGgaberadrAveNa saMyutaH // 1 // mASamAnaM dadezca va icchAbhedi virecanam / yatheSTaM recanaM bhUyAt pUjyapAdena bhASitaH // 2 // TIkA-zuddha jamAlagoTA, zuddha pArA, zuddha gaMdhaka, ina tInoM ko lekara thUhara ke dUdha se ghoMTe aura usameM soMTha, bar3I harra kA bakalA adarakha ke rasa ke sAtha mardana karake rakha leve usako eka mAse kI mAtrA se deve to yatheSTa icchAnukUla virecana hove| . 26-dvitIya icchAbhedirasaH vyoSaM gaMdhaM sUtakaM TaMkaNaM ca teSAM tulyaM tintaDIbIjametat / khalve yAmaM mardayennAgavallIparNenaivaMvallamAtrapravRttiH // icchAbhedi dApayeccAtha sevyaM tAMbUlAte toyapAnaM yatheccha / yAvatkuryAd recanaM tAvadeva zUleSadAvartapAMDUdareSu // 1 //

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kiraNa 3] vaidya-sAra 21 TIkA-soMTha, mirca, pIpala, zuddha pArA, suhAgA ina sabako barAbara barAbara aura sabake barAbara tintaDIka ke bIja le| kharala meM eka prahara taka pAna ke svarasa meM ghoMTa kara tIna tIna rattI ke pramANa se deve tathA Upara se eka pAna kA bIr3A khaave| pazcAt jitanA pAnI pInA hoya pIve isase uttama virecana ho jAtA hai tathA sarva prakAra ke zUla udAvarta, pAMDuudara roga zAnta ho jAte hai| noTa-jitane bAra dasta lenA. hoya utane bAra pAna kA bIr3A khAkara pAnI pIve / 27-zvAsakAsAdau gajasiMharasaH rasalohaM zulvabhasma vatsanAbhaM ca gaMdhaka / tAlIsaM citramUlaM ca elA mustA ca pranthikaM // 1 // trikaTu triphalAyukta jaipAlaM tu viDaMgakam / sarvasAmyaM vicUNyaiva Rgaveradravaiyutam // 2 // caNapramANavaTikAM bhakSayedguDamizritAm / zvAsakAsakSayaM gulmapramehaM tRDjarAgadam // 3 // vAtamUlAdirogANi haMti satyaM na sNshyH| grahaNI pAMDu zulaM ca gudakIlaM gUDhagarbhakam // 4 // gajasiMharaso nAma pUjyapAdena bhaassitH| TIkA-zuddha pArA, loha bhasma, tAmrabhasma, zuddha viSa, zuddha gaMdhaka, tAlIsa patra, citraka, choTI ilAyacI, nAgaramothA, pIparAmUla, soMTha, mirca, pIpala, harI, baherA, A~valA, zuddha jamAlagoTA, vAyaviDaMga ye saba auSadhiyAM barAbara 2 lekara adarakha ke rasa ke sAtha ghoMTa kara canA ke barAbara golI banAbe tathA purAne gur3a ke sAtha eka eka golI prAtaHkAla aura sAyaMkAla sevana kare to zvAMsa, khAMsI, kSaya, gulma, prameha, tRSA, grahaNI, zUla, pAMDu, gudakIla (bavAsIra kA bheda) mUr3hagarbha tathA aneka prakAra ke bAtaroga nAza ho jAte haiM isameM koI saMzaya nahIM hai, aisA pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai| 28-zvAsakAsAdau sUtakAdiyogaH sUtakaM gaMdhakaM bhAI cAmRtaM citrapatrakaM / viDaMgareNukA mustA cailAkezaraprAMthikA // 1 //

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22 bhAskara phalalayaM kaTutrayaM zulvabhasma tathaiva ca / patAni samabhAgAni guDaM dviguNamucyate // 2 // sarveSAM guTikAM kRtvA mAtrAM caraNakamAtrikAM / ekaikAM bhakSayennityaM teSAM caiva vicakSaNaH // 3 // zvAsakAsakSaye gulme pramehe viSamajvare / tRSNAyAM grahaNIdoSe zUle pAMDrAmaye tathA // 4 // mUDhagarbhe bAtaroge kRcchraroge ca dAruNe / kRmirogeSu mandAgnau mAMsodararujAsu ca // 5 // kaMThagrahe hRdgrahe hikkAmUrdharujAsu ca / apasmAre tathonmAde raktavRddhau ca dAruNe // 6 // sarvAgeSu ca kuSTheSu sarvasminnazmarIgade / lUtAyAM sannipAte ca duSTasarpe ca vRzcike // 7 // hastapAdAdirogeSu sarveSu gulikA matA / sutakAdirayaM yogaH pUjyapAdena bhASitaH // 8 // [ bhAga 2 TIkA -- zuddha pArA, zuddha gaMdhaka, bhAraMgI, zuddha viSa, citraka, tejapattra, vAyaviDaMga, reNukAbIja, nAgaramothA, choTI ilAyacI, nAgakezara, pIparAmUla, triphalA, soMTha, mirca, pIpala, tAmrabhasma, ina sabako samAna bhAga lekara kUTa kapar3achana karake saba cUrNa se dUnA gur3a lekara eka canA ke barAbara golI banAve aura eka eka golI pratidina prAtaHkAla sevana kare, to isase zvAsa, khAMsI, kSaya, gulma, 'prameha, viSamajvara, tRSNA, grahaNI, doSa, bhUla, pAMDu roga, mUDha -garbha, bAtaroga, kaThina mUtrakRcchra, kRmiroga, maMdAgni, nAsikA roga, kaMTharoga, hadroga, hicakI ziroroga, apasmAra, unmAda, raktavRddhi, sarvAGga meM honevAlA kuSTa roga, patharI roga, makar3I ke viSa meM, sannipAta meM, sarpa ke kATane para, bicchU ke kATane para, hAtha-paira ke kisI bhI roga meM yaha sUtakAdi yoga bahuta uttama hai aisA pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai 1 26 -kSayakAsAdau agnirasaH sUtaM dviguNagaMdhena mardayet kajjalIM yathA / tayoH samaM tIkSNacUrNa kumArIvAriNA drutam // 1 // sarvasya golakaM kRtvA tAmrapAtre vinikSipet / AcchAdyairaNDapatreNa yAmArphe coSNatAM nayet // 2 //

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kiraNa 3 ] vaidya-sAra dhAnyarAzau vinikSipya dvidinaM cuurnnyetttH| trikaTutriphalA cailAjAtIphalalavaMgakam // 3 // cUrNameSAM samaM puurvrssyaitnmdhuuyutm| dviniSkaM bhakSayennityaM svayamagnirasohyayaM // 4 // kSayakAsakSayazvAsahikArogasya naashkH| jvarAditaruNe proktAn cAnupAnAn prayojayet // 5 // sarvakAseSu matimAn kAsoktairanupAnakaiH / tayAdinAzako yogaH pUjyapAdena bhASitaH // 6 // TIkA-zuddha pArA tathA dUnA gaMdhaka lekara kajalI banAve aura donoM ke barAbara tIkSNa lauhabhasma lekara ghIkuAri ke svarasa meM gAlI banAkara tAmbe ke pAtra meM rakha kara baMda karake Der3ha ghaMTe taka A~ca dekara garma kare aura phira usI saMpuTa ko dhAnya kI rAzi meM do dina taka rakha deve, pazcAt nikAla kara sabako pIsakara cUrNa banAle tathA soMTha miraca, pIpala, triphalA, choTI ilAyacI, jAyaphala, lavaMga inakA carNa pahale ke rasa ke barAbara hI le-evaM ghoMTa kara taiyAra krle| yaha svayaM agnirasa taiyAra ho gayA smjho| isa cUrNa ko madhu ke sAtha sevana karanA cAhiye tathA jvara ityAdi meM jo anupAna kaha cuke haiM, khA~sI aura zvAsa meM jo anupAna kaha cuke haiM unhIM anupAnoM se inakA bhI denA caahiye| yaha kSaya Adi ko nAza karanevAlA pUjyapAda svAmI kA kahA huA uttama yoga hai| 30-vAjIkaraNa rativilAsarasaH harajabhujagakAMtAzcAbhrakaM ca tribhAgaM kanakavijayayaSTI zAlmalI nAgavallI / sitamadhughRtayuktaM sevitaM vallayugmam / madyati bahukAMtaM puSpadhanvA balAyuH // 1 // TIkA-zuddha pArA, zuddha zIsA, kAMtalauha bhasma ye tInoM barAbara barAbara leve tathA abhraka bhasma, tIsarA bhAga le aura sabako ghoMTa kara taiyAra kara leve, phira zuddha dhatUrA ke bIja, vijayA kI pattI, mulahaThI, semala kA mUsalA evaM pAna inake sAtha mizrI tathA zahada ke sAtha sAtha rattI pramANa sevana karane se bahuta strI vAle puruSa ko kAmadeva tathA bala aura Ayu madamatta kara dete haiM arthAt vaha kSINa-zakti nahIM hotaa|

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 31-vAjIkaraNAdau lIlAvilAsarasaH ahiphenaM vArdhizokaM ca trisugaMdhaM ca tatsamam / dhUrtabIjasamAyuktaM vijayAbIjatatsamam // 1 // tadrasaiH bhAvanAM kuryAdraso liilaavilaaskH| caNakapramANavaTikA dIyate sitakhaMDayA // 2 // bahumUtravinAzazca zukrastaMbhaM karoti c| yAminImAna-bhaMgaM ca kAminImadabhajanam // 3 // TIkA-zuddha aphoma, samudrazoSa, choTI ilAyacI, dAlacInI, tejapAta, ye tInoM barAbara tathA zuddha dhatUre ke bIja aura usI ke barAbara bhAMga ke bIja lekara dhatUrA aura bhAMga ke svarasa kI bhAvanA dekara canA ke barAbara golI baaNdhe| isa golI ko mizrI ke sAtha dene se bahumUtra roga zAMta ho jAtA hai tathA vIrya kA stambha hotA hai aura rAtri kA mAnabhaMga aura kAminI ke mada kA nAza hotA hai| 32--grAmadoSAdau udayamArtaNDarasaH . hiMgulaM ca catuniSkaM jaipAlaM ca triniSkakaM / vatsanAbhaM caikaniSkaM trikaTu caikaniSkakaM // 1 // harItakI caikaniSka nisskmerNddmuulkN| karaMjabIjaM niSkaM ca nIlAMjanamanaHzilA // 2 // rasatutthaM pippalI ca varATaM zaMkhabhasmakaM / kanakaM nimbabIjaM ca pratyekaM ca nizAdvayam // 3 // sarva ca pratiAnaSkaM ca dinaM khalve vimrdyet| ajakhIreNa saMmizrazvaNamAtravaTIkRtam // 4 // vaTakaM guDamizreNa USaNena samanvitam / sevyazcoSNakolAle vAmadoSavirecakaH // 5 // paMcagulmaharaH zUlaharo vAtavizodhanaH / raso'yaM pUjyapAdoktaH sarvazItajvarApahaH // 6 //

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OM THE JAINA ANTIQUARY An Anglo-Hindi quarterly Journal, Vol. I. ] * December, 1935. [ No. 3. Editors: Prof. HIRALAL JAIN, M.A., LL.B., P.E.S., Professor of Sanskrit, King Edward College, Amraoti, C. P. Prof. A. N. UPADHYE, M.A., Professor of Prakrata, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, S.M.C. B. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN, M.R.A.S., Aliganj, Distt. Etah. U.P. Pt. K. BHUJABALI SHASTRI, Librarian, The Central Jaina Oriental Library, Arrah. Published at THE CENTRAL JAIN ORIENTAL LIBRARY, ARRAH, BIHAR, INDIA. Annual Subscription : Foreign Rs. 4-8. Inland Rs. 4. Inland Ro. 4. Forofga Revision Single Copy Rs 1-4.

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Om. THE JAINA ANTIQUARY. "zrImatparamagambhIrasyAdvAdAmoghalAJchanam / jIyAtrailokyanAthasya zAsanaM jinazAsanam // " ) Vol. I. No. "III ARRAH, (INDIA) December, 1935. Jaina Art in South India (By Prof. Shripad Rama Sharma, M.A.) The most distinctive contribution of Jainism to Art in South India was in the realm of Iconography. As with everything else in life the Jainas appear to have carried their spirit of acute analysis and asceticism into the sphere of art and arthitecture as well. There are minute details, for instance in the Manasara, a standard book on the subject in South India, according to which ." The image of a Jina should have only two arms, two eyes, cropped head ; either standing with legs kept straight or in the abhanga manner; or it may be scated in the padmasana posture, wherein also the body must be kept erect. The figure should be sculptured as to indicate deep contemplation ; the right palm should be kept facing upwards upon the left palm held in the same manner (and both resting on the crossed legs). On the Simhasana on which the image of the Jina is seated (and round the prabhaoali) should be shown the figures of Narada and other rishis hosts of gods (and goddesses), vidyadharas and others, as, either seated or standing in the air, and offering worship to the Jina.

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JAINA ANTIQUARY (Vol. I "Below the simhasana must be the figures of (other) Jinas in a worshipping attitude; these are the siddhas (or adisidhns ?), the sugandhas (sugatas) ?), Chahantu (charhantas, i.e., Arhantas ?), Jana (Jina ?) and parsvakas ; these five classes are known by the name of Pancha-parameshtins. The complexions of these are respectively spatika (crystal), white, red, black and yellow. The central Jina figure should be shaped according to the uttama-dasatala measure, whereas those of the devatas and the twenty-four Tirthankaras surrounding him in the other (madhyama and adhama) dasatala measures. The body should be perfectly free from ornament, but on the right side of the chest (a little over the nipple) there should be the Sri-vatsa mark of golden colour. "On the right and left side of the gate of the temple of Jina, there should be the dwara palakas named Chanda and Maha Chanda respectively."1 It becomes clear from this extract that there was a regular system of sculpture and architecture to which the workers were expected strictly to conform. "The excessive deference to ritual prescription, generally recognised as a defect in Hindu art" observes Smith, " is carried to such an extremity by the Jains that images differing in age by a thousand years are almost indistinguishable . in style. The uniformity which runs though the centuries extends all over India, so that little difference between Northern and Southern productions is noticeable, and the genius of individual artists, finds small scope for its display." The best illustrations of this remark are undoubtedly the three wellknown colossi of South India, viz., the statues of Gommata or Bahubali at Sravana Belgola, Karkal, and Yenar or Venur. The last one is the smallest of the three (35 ft. high) and the first the biggest, rising to a height of 56ft. All the three are carved each out of a single block of gneiss, giving expression to the same ascetic ideal in the self-same, manner, with the exception of the dimples in the cheeks of the Yenur colossus expressing " a deep, grave smile." They date respectivaly 1. Mansara ch.55; cf. Gopinathrao, Travancore II, pp 118-19. 2. Smith, History of Fine Arts in India, pp. 267-68.

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No. III ] .... JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA---- - ---- ---47. from about 983 A. D., 1432 A, D., and 1604 A. D. All are set on heights of more or less prominence, visible from a considerable distance around; and despit their formalism command respectful attention by their enormous mass and expression of dignifiek serenity. That of Karkal is said to be 41 ft., 5 inches high, 101 ft. thick, weighing about 80 tons. This is one of those cotossal statues that are found in this part of the country," says Walhouse, "statues truly Egyptian in size, and unrivalled through out India as detached works ......... Nude, cut from a single mass of granite, darkened by the monsoons of centuries, the vast statue stands upright, with arms hanging straight, but not awkwardly, down the sides in a posture of somewhat stiff but simple dignity." This figure of Gommata is indeed known only in South India, and statues of that size are very rare elsewhere. 4 Gommata, Bahubali, or Bhujabali is supposed to have been the son of the first Tirthankara Vrishabha, who attained salvation in that position of Kayotsarga. His feet are entwined with weeds and Kukkuta. sarpas. On the Chandragiri Hill at Sravana Belgola is also another statue that of Bharata, brother of Balubali, of great size, broken below the knees, get standing erect: " "A statue solid set And moulded in colossal calm." In the Jaina cave at Badami a similar figure is seem which, in the opinion of Fergusson, is much older (c: 600 A. D.) than the three great monoliths, but represents the same individual--the ideal ascetic who stood in meditation until the ant-hills arose at his feet and creeping plants grew round his limbs. "This Gomata, Gummata or Dorbali,, he also says, "has no prominent place in the Cl. Hultzech, Jain Colossi in South India, Ep. Ind. VII, pp. 108-12. Ep. Car. II, Introd., p. 15. 2. Cf. Fergusson, A History of Indian and Eastern Architecture II pp 72.8; Buchanan, Travels III, p. 83. 3. Cf. Sturrock, Sonth Canara I, p. 86 ft. . 4. At Nara in Japan is a bronze statue of Buddha 60ft: high; and at 'Bamiyan, a stone image, also of Buddha, 173 ft., high. See, Carpentier, Buddhism and Christianity, p. 15; Nariman: The Indian Daily Mail Annual, 1926, p. 12. Cf. At Gwalior, Smith, op. cit,, pp. 268-70, 9.4 11

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JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I Svetambara pantheon, though Parsvanatha is with them occasionally represented in a similar position "1. The question naturally arises, as to how these huge images were moved to their present place. << The task of carving a rock standing in its place had it even been twice the size, the Hindu mind never would have shrunk from ; but to move such a mass up the steep smooth side of the hill seems a labour beyond their power, even with all their skill in concentrating masses of men on a single point," says Fergusson. Yet the fact remains that at least at Karkal the statue with its immense proportions was moved up a smooth and steep rook nearly 800 feet high. According to tradition, it was raised on to a train of twenty iron carts furnished with steel wheels, on each of which 10,000 propitiatory cocoanuts were broken and covered with an infinity of cotton; it was then drawn by legions of worshippers up an inclined plane to the platform on the hill-top, where it now stands. 3 Folk songs of South Kanara also throw some light upon this point, and seem to contain the soul of truth within their legendary exterior. They ascribe the erection of all the three statues to the familiar devil Kalkuda : The king of Belur and Belgula sent for Kalkuda the stone mason of Kallatta Marnad (N. E. of Mangalore). He put the thread on his shoulder to let people know his caste, and held up an umbrella He made sharp his adze and put it on his shoulder. He made sharp his chisel and put it in a bag. He made sharp his axe and put it on his shoulder. He carried a cord and a pole for measuring. He dressed himself in his dressing room, and then he dressed himself again. "I am going to the kingdom of Belgula," he said to his wife. He reached Belgula where he ascended twelve steps of stone. He passed by the gate. He passed by a painted chavadi. He passed by a pillar of precious stone, and a large yard. There the king sat down on his throne with 1. Fergusson, op. cit., pp. 72, 73 no. 3 ; Ep. Car, II Introd., pp. 12-1. 2. s. Thurston, The Castes and Tribes of Southern India II, pp. 422-23

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No. III 1 pea cock's feathers. He held up his hands and saluted him: "Come Kalkuda, take a seat," said the king. JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA 49 'Why did you send for me?" asked Kalkuda. "Now this is evening and the time to take one's food: therefore take five seers of rice, and go to your lodging; I shall tell you your work tomorrow morning, and then you must work well," said the king. Next morning the king directed him to do fine work, such as a basti (temple), with 1,000 pillars, aud with 120 images. Seven temples with seven idols; a small temple inside and a garden outside an elephant in the outer yard, and also a large idol called Gummada. Work such that only one door was opened when a thousand doors were shut, and that the thousand doors are opened when a single door was shut ;-a building for dancing and another for dancing-girls, and also others for lodgings;-an elephant that seemed to be running ;-a fine horse and a lion. "I want to choose my own stones," said Kalkuda. "Go there to a large rock, and get the stones you like," said the king. "He went to a large rock called Perya Kalluni and remembered the gods on the four sides. He found the cleft in the stones and put his chisel there, and then he applied his axe. The stone was separated, just like flesh from the blood. He then did fine work, and built the basti of a thousand pillars, etc.1 Then the song proceeds." It is a year and six months since I came. I must go to my native country. Therefore, I beg leave," said Kalkuda. The king presented him with a cot to lie down on, a chair to sit on, five torches for light, a stick to walk with, clothes up to the shoulders, and betel leaves to fill his mouth. Then Kalkuda's son, seeing his own father's work said: "All the work is done well, except the image of a trog which is not done well. Its eyes are not done well. Its paws are not well done. Its eyes are not done well. Its paws are not well done Its legs are not properly done." 1, Burnell, The Devil Worship of the Tuluvas, Ind. Ant. XXV, MS, 25.

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50 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I "Rama, Rama, Bremetti" exclaimed Kalkuda, Many have seen and examined my work; many have been satisfied with it. You were born but yesterday, and are only just grown up, still you have found out a mistake in my work: If the king heard of this. he would tie me to an elephent's leg and beat me with horse-whips. He would dishonour me, and then what would be the use of my life? So saying Kalkuda put down his tools and took out a knife from his girdle and cut his own throat. Thus did he kill himself. "Father, although you are dead....I will not leave your tools," said the son.... And he worked at Belgola better than his father had done. He built the seven temples; he established a Brahma (?) etc. * "C Bairana-suda (Bairasu Wodeya ?) King of Karkal, heard the news, sent for him, and told him to work in his kingdom..... He made a basti with a thousand pillars, 120 images, a dancing room, a lodging for dancing-girls, etc. 400*** "Go to a rock on dry land and make a Gummatasami there," said the king. He made the Gummatasami. He made a pillar called Banta Kamba, a pillar of Maharnavami. He made a garden inside the temple. "You people, bring fifty cocoanuts in a basket, and betel-nut on a fan; call together the 5,000 people of Karkal, and raise the Gummatasami," he said. But they could not do it. "Very well," sail Kalkuda (the younger), and he put the left hand under the Gummata and raised it, and placed it on a base, and then he set the Gummata upright.' This interesting legend makes it clear that the Jainas employed Brahmanical architects and sculptors as well. In the sequel we are told that the King of Karkal said, "I will not let Kalkuda, who has worked in my kingdom, work in another country;" and he cut off his left arm and right leg. In spite of this, however, Kalkuda 2. This is evidently a reference to the Brahma-deva Pillar, or Manastambha on the Chandragiri Hill, which is a beautiful work of art. Cf. Ep Car. II Introd., p. 24.

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No. III ] JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA went to Timmajila, King of Yenur, and did fine work with only one arm and one leg. His sister, Kallurti (another devil worshipped in South Kanara) is said to have taken full revenge for the illtreatment of her brother to which the fall of the Karkal Wodeyars is attributed. The legend also amply illustrates the life of a sculptor, his skill, his sense of honour, his hereditary attachment to his vocation, his small remuneration, as well his hardships which often disabled him for life, though his indefatigable enthusiasm for bis task was more than could be curbed by such calamities. But in spite of all this we cannot fail to notice that lack of versatility in expression, which resulted in repeating the same acts and same acts and same forms over and over again at Belgula, at Karkal, and al:o at Yenur, almost like a machine turning out stereo-type blocks. "Numberless images might be figured," says Smith, " without adding anything to the reader's knowledge of Indian art. They differ from one another merely in the degree of perfection attained in mechanical execution." There is in the Madras Museum, a Jaina image on the base of wbich are written the words that King Salva Deva, a great lover of Sahitya (literature), made (the image) according to rule.'4 There are innumerable suoh images made of metal, stone, or even gems. "The Jainas," as Walhouse has remarked, "delighted in making their images of all substances and sizes, but almost always, invariable in attitude, whether that be seated or standing. Most of the images belong to the Digambara sector school, and are nude. Small portable mages of the saint are made of crystal, alabaster, soap-stone, bloodtone, and various other materials ; while the larger are carved rom whatever kind of stone is locally available." He also menions a life-size brass image of Santiswara at Yenur, "erect and nshined in burnished silver and brass-work variegated with red 1. Evidently, Timmeraja who erected the Yemur colossus. He must therefore have belonged to the Ajila or Ajalar family. See, Sturrock, op. cit., p. 55. 2. Burnell, op. cit, p. 224, 3. Smith, op. cit, p. 268. 4, Rangachary, Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency, II, 325

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JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol I ornaments."i Each Tirthankara is distinguished from another by his colour, bis chinnha and lanchhana and the Yakshas and Yakshinis who attend on him; the Svetambara images differ from the Digambara particularly in the nudity and absolute lack of ornament in the latter. But, in the words of Mr. Nanalal C. Mehta," Somehow or other the aesthetic element was over.shadowed by other considerations, and size rather than strength in sculpture, elaboration of detail more than the beauty of form or outline in building, and narration more than accomplished expression in pictures become the dominant qualities of Indian art as developed under the austere influence of Jainism ". 3 Another peculiar contribution of the Jainas, not only to Suth Indian, but also to the whole of Indian or even Eastern art, is the free-standing pillar, found in front of almost every basti or Jaina temple in South India. "In the whole range of Ingian art,' observes Smith, "there is nothing, perhaps, equal to these Kanara pillars for good taste. A particularly elegant example, 52 ft., in height, faces a Jain temple at Mudbidre. The material is granite, and the design is of singular grace (c. 11th or 12th cent. A. D.)".4 There are about twenty such pillars in the District of South Kanara alone, which made many other distinctive contributions to Jaina art, as we shall notice in the course of these pages. There are two kinds of such pillars in South India, namely, the Brahma-deva-stambhas and the Manastambhas. The former bear figures of the Brahmanical god Brahma ; the latter are taller and have a small pavilion at the top on the capital.5 We have already referred to the Lyagada Brahma-deva pillar at Chandragiri which is considered a beautiful work of art'. The fine Mana-stambha in front of the Parsvanatha Basti at Sravana Belgola is distingui. shed by a sikhara over the cell which is always surmounted by a small dome," as is universally the case with every vimana in Dra. 1, Walbouse cited by Smith, op. cit., pp. 238, 268. 2. Burgess, Digambara Jain Iconography, Ind. Ant. XXXII, p. 459 f. 3, Mehta, Studies in Indian Painting, p. 22. 4. Smith, op. cit., p. 22. 5. Ep. Ind. VIII, p. 123,

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mUDabidrI ke ndranAtha - caityAlaya ke khaMbhoM meM khudI huI hastakalA ke namUne ( zrIyuta esa0 candrarAja ke saujanyase)

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JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA No. III] vidian architecture, instead of with the amalaka ornament of the Northern sikharas."1 66 or These stambhas or detached pillars are quite different from the dipa-stambhas or lamp-posts of Hindu temples, and in the opinion of Fergusson, are the lineal descendants" of the Buddhist ones. which bore either emblems or statues-generally the former figures of animals. "Pillars are found of all ages in India," he says, from Asoka pillars down to the Jainas. They might be compared to the Egyptian obelisks-but when we look at the vast difference between their designs, it becomes evident that vast ages must have elapsed before the plain straight-lined forms of the obelisks could have been changed into the complicated and airy forms of the Jaina stambhas ".2 Mr. Walhouse remarks, "The whole capital and canopy (of Jaina pillars) are a wonder of light, elegant, lightly decorated stone work; and nothing can surpass the stately grace of these beautiful pillars, whose proportions and adaptations to surrounding scenery are always perfect, and whose richness of decoration never offends."3 53 Apart from these pieces of individual statuary or architectural work, the Jainas distinguished themselves by their decorative sculpture, and attained a considerable degree of excellence in the perfection of their pillared chambers which were their favourite. form of architecture. These took various shapes and gave full play to a variety of designs, differing according to the locality, the nature of the climate or the substance available out of which to execute their artistic ideals. Dr. Coomaraswamy finds fault with Fergusson for his "sectarian classification which he says quite misleading; ""for, just as in the case of sculpture there are no Buddhist, Jaina, or Brahmanical styles of architecture, but only Buddhist, Jaina and Brahmanical buildings in the Indian style of the period." Without entangling ourselves in this controversial question, we might accept the geographical classification of Dr. Coomaraswamy as an adequate" (though not "the only ") is 61 1. Fergusson, op. cit., p. 75. 2. Ibid, pp. 81-83. 4. 59 3. Walhouse, Ind, Ant. V. p. 39, Coomaraswamy, History of Indian and Indonesian Art, pp. 106-7.

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54 JAINA ANTIQUARY. (Vol. I oelassification, for our purposes. "The three most clearly differentiated types are," according to him, " the Northern marked by the curvilinear sikhara the Southern, with a terraced pyramidal tower, of which only the dome is called the sikhara and the Central, combining both types with peculiarities of its own." These three types are thus designated in the Silpa-sastras : A. Nagra-mainly, North of the Vindhyas. B. Vesara-Western India, the Deocan and Mysore. C. Dravida, Madras Presidency and North Ceylon.1 It is to be understood that these are the most predominent characteristics of each area, but not the monopoly of any particular zone. For instance, in a Ratta inscription of Saundatti that king Raja " caused to be erected at Kalpole a temple of Jina, wonderful to be heheld, the diadem of the earth, having three pinnacles (sikharas) unequalled so that Brahma, Vishnu and Siva were charmed with it;" he also built "a place of retreat for the bigh-minded devotees of the god Santinatha (Jina) adorned with golden pinnacles and arched portals, fashioned like a seamonster, and pillars of honour, etc."9 A more peculiar type of Jaina temples is found in South Kanara, below the ghats on the West Coast. Apart from the Betta or shrines consisting of an open court.yard surrounded with cloister round about the colossi, are the temples of Mudbidre, belonging mostly to the time of Vijayanagar Kings, with their sloping roofs of flat over-lapping slabs, and a peculiar type of stonescreen enclosing the sides, recalling a Buddhist railing--resemble Himalayan structures, rather than anything else more familiar in India. The 1. Cf, Ibid., pp. 106-7. 2. Fleet, Ratta Inscriptions, JBBRAS X, p. 235. 3. Cf, Coomaraswamy, op. cit.. pp. 118-19; Fergusson, op. cit., p. 75 f. This ressmblance with Nepalese or Himalayan architecture is generally explained by saying that "similar conditions produced similar structures"; but those who say this forget or are unaware of the existence of a number of Nepalese jogis at Kadri (Mangalore) from unknown times, in the vicinity of whose Matha are a number of tombs said to be those of GorakhNath and his followers from the Himalays. If this fact does not wholly explain, it certainly lends support to the bypothesis of actual Northern influence,

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No. III] influence of this style is seen not merely in South Kanara, but also further South along the coast. Mr. Logan observes, "The Jains seem to have left behind them one of their peculiar styles of temple architecture; for the Hindu temples, and even the Muhammedan mosques of Malabar, are all built in the style peculiar to the Jains, as it is still to be seen in the Jain bastis at Mudbidre and other places in the South Canara district" How the Muhammedans came to adopt this style for their mosques, he explains by stating that some of the original nine mosques were built on the sites of temples (or bastis) and perhaps the original buildings were retained or they set the model to later mosques.1 JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA 55 Of the various styles we can only choose a few typical instances, and dwell more on the peculiarities of the consolidated Jaina art as a whole. The bastis on the Chandragiri Hill (Sravana Belgola) are fifteen in number. They are all ofthe Dravidiam style of architecture and are consequently built in gradually receding storeys each of which is ornamented with small simulated cells. No curvilinear sikhara, such as is universal with the Northern Jainas, occurs among them, and their general external appearance is more ornamental than that of the Northern Jaina temples. 2 Quite in contrast to these are the bastis of Mudbidre. The external plainness of the Jaina temples of South Kanara gives no clue to the character of their interiors. In the words of Fergusson, "Nothing can exceed the richness or the variety with which they are carved. No two pillars are alike, and many are ornamented to an extent that may almost seem fantastic. Their massiveness and richness of carving bear evidence to their being copies of wooden models."s This last observation is fully confirmed by an inscription in Coorg, above the ghats, which definitely speaks of a basadi made of wood to serve as model for another to be later on constructed 1. Logan, Malabar, pp. 88 618; cf. Fergusson, op. cit., pp. 7, 68-9. 2. Cf. Fergusson, op, cit. I., p. 172; Ilid II, p. 74. 3. Ibid., pp. 78-9; Sturrock, op. cit., p. 85.

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36 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I in stone. Its estimated cost was 330 honnu.1 The wooden model must easily have been dispensed with in cases of material which was as tractable as wood. For instance, at Barkur. Buchanan observed a basti, built ly the Wodeyars, about which he remarks-"The workmanship of the pillars and carving is superior to anything that I have seen in India, probably owing to the nature of the stone which cuts better than the granite in common use, and preserves its angles better than the common pot-stone, of which many temples are constructed." The variety of material used for temple structure, naturally varied with the locality. There is a Jaina temple in Belgaum with pillars of black Belgaum porphyry which is said to take a high polish and is strongly magnetic. At Ellora, in one of the Jaina caves, a shrine has two round pillars of polished red stone which give a hollow metallic sound when tapped with the fingres. The plans of these bastis are everywhere the same, with but slight variations according to size. They begin with spacious, well lighted porches or mandapas-of which there are three in larger temples, (known respectively as Tirthankara.- Gaddige, and Chitra-mantapas), and two in smaller ones (called Tirthankara, and Namaskara-mandapas)-leading to a cell in which the images of one or more Tirthankaras are placed. A special type of the smaller shrines common in Mysore is what is called the Trikutachal with three garbha-girihas, three sukhanasis, and a Navarangi or porch. Shrines of this type are taken as good specimens of the Hoysala style, two examples of which are: the Jaina basti at Markuli (a small village 3 miles east of Ambuga on the Mysore Arsikere railway-line) and the Santinatha temple of Jinanatha-pura (a mile north of Sravana Belgola). The latter is said to be the most ornate temple in the whole of Mysore State.5 1. Cf. Rice, Coorg Inscriptions, Ep. Car, I, 10, p. 56. 2. Buchanan, op. cit. III, pp. 132-33. 3. Cf. Belgaum, Bom. Gaz. XXI, p. 540. 4. Fergusson, op. cit., p. 79; cf. Madras Ep. Rep. 1916-17, pp. 113-14. 5. Mysore Archaeological Report, 1925, p. 1: Ep. Car. II Introd., pp. 32-33.

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No. III) JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA Another variety of smaller temple is that found at Guruvayanakere in South Kanara. It is a five-pillared shrine, in front of the larger temple to which it belongs. Fergusson has observed that four pillared sbrines are not uncommon in the Southern temples, but five pillars is peculiar,-and also having access to the upper chambers (which in this case are three in number).1 The Meguti temple at Aihole, in the Bijupur District, is also said to be "somewhat peculiar, the shrine being surrounded by eight small rooms (8 ft. wide) in place of a pradakshina passages "2 But by far the best model of a Jaina temple is that of the Chaturmukhbasti or the four-faced temple, found at Karkal and Gersoppa ; a plan of of the latter is given on the page opposite. The following description of the former by Walbouse is also worth reproduction : "On a broad rocky platform below the bill on the side next the town stands a remarkable Jain temple, much differing from the ordinary Hindu style ; square with a projecting columned portico facing each of the four quarters. The columns, quadrangular for a third part of their height, pass into rounded sections, separated by cable bands, and bave the sides and sections richiy disco. rated with deities, and most graceful and intricate arabesque designs, rosettes and stars, leaf and scroll work, in endles combination, all made out of the carper's brain, wrought almost as finely as Chinese ivory work. The friezes and pediments round the porticoes and temples are ornamented in like manner, and frequently a stone in the wall displays some quaint wonderfully well-cut device; a hundred-petalled flower disc, two serpents inextricably intertwined, or a grotesque head surrounded with fruitage. The temple is roofed with immense overlapping flagstones, and bore some sort of cupola now ruined in the centre. On the massive folding doors of one of the portals being rolled back, a strange sight is disclosed. In a large square recess immediately facing the entrance stand three life-sized images of burnished copper, the counterparts of the great statue on the hill above, each 1. Fergusson, op. cit., p. 79. 2. Ibid. I., p. 356 ; cf. Havell, Ancient and Mediaeval Architecture of India, p. 68.

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[ Vol. I resembling each, and looking weird and unearthly in the gloom of the adytum as the light through the opening doors falls upon them. A like triad stands within each of the other three entrances."1 58 JAINA ANTIQUARY. Details of the interiors of other Jaina temples also reveal an almost confusing variety of figures, decorations, and symbols. To give but one illustration, in the Markuli temple, already referred to, the main image of Adisvara is seated in Yogamudra, palm on palm crossed legs in the front. Behind him is a prabhavali built against the wall. On either side are standing figures of Bahubali and Parsvanatha with a serpent of five hoods over the heads of the latter, Bahubali is flanked by two small figures one with six hands and another only with two. Of the six hands and another only with two. Of the six hands of the former, three hold respectively an ankusa a kalasa, and a trident; the rest hold fruit. Another seated male figure has four hands holding an ankuca, akshamala, and fruit in the three with the fourth hand in Paradahasta pose. There is also a female figure with twelve hands: Four on the right hand four on the left holding each a chakra or disc; two with a thunderbolt, and the remaining, with a lotus and varada-hasta. On the ceiling are lotuses and other flowers. 2 Often on the pillars of Jaina temples are curious figures like that of the giraffe or the interlaced basket work of which Fergusson finds parallels in Irish manuscripts and crosses, as well as in America and the valley of the Danube in Europe.3 The number of pillars also is sometimes far in excess of mere architectural needs, as in the case of the Thousand Pillar Basti of Mudbidre. "It is very extensive, magnificient, containing on and about a thousand pillars and no two alike. In the prophylaeum are several of great size, the lower halves square, the upper round and lessening, recalling Egyptian forms, and all covered with a wondrous wealth of sculptured gods, monsters, leaf and flower-work and astonishing arabesque interlacement cut with admirable clearness. One quadrangular face bears a hymn graven curiously in twenty 1. Cf. Sturrock, op. cit., p. 90. 2. Cf. Mysore Archaeological Report, 1925, p. 2. 3. Cf. Fergusson, op. cit., p. 82.

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No. III ] five small compartments, each containing four compound words, which may be read as verses in all directions, up or down, along or across. On the outer pediment there is a long procession of various animals, living and mythical, among them the centaur and mermaid and an excellent representation of a giraffe." The two specimens of wood-carving, viz., the Panchanari-turaga and Navanarikunjara, are also from Mudbidre and belong to the Chouter's place there. 1 JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA 59 To these illustrations from Mysore and the West Coast we might add another from the Deccan to show that the love of profusion and variety was essentially the same, whether in the North or South differing only in the details of expression. The temple of Belgaum with its pillars of magnetic black porhyry has already been referred to. Its sculptures are no less interesting. The brackets of the pillars are ornamented with heads of cobras. In each of the eight architraves which support the dome of the temple are carved five small cells or mandirs, each containing a sitting Jina, and, between the cells are four attendants or supportersstanding figures each under a small canopy. On one carved slab is a figure on horse-back with a high cap, a canopy or umbrella over his head, and a woman behind him. Another is a fancy alligator or makara, a large-headed gaping and similarly mounted short legged dragon. In the centre of the dome is a beautiful pendentive boldly designed and well executed, but damaged at one point. The door leading from the hall to the inner temple has been very gracefully carved. On the centre of the lintel is a sitting Jina and above the cornice are four sitting men. On the neat side pillar colonettes are five bands with human groups in some of which the figures though little more than an inch high are in strong relief. Inside the bands of human figures is a band of rampant lions, their necks adorned with high frills. Outside the colonettes is a band of holy swans, another of lions, and a third of human figures, mostly on bended knees. The pillars of the inner temple or shala are square and massive, relieved by having all the 1. Walhouse quoted by Sturrock, op. cit., p. 88.

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60 JAINA ANTIQUARY. i Vol. I chief fronts, the triangles on the base and neck, carved with flowers A richly carved door leads to the small ante-chamber in front of the shrine. On the under-side of the door cornice is carved a dancing figure between two musicians. It will be at once noticed that the austere asceticism which symbolised itself in the huge stoic and naked monoliths was also counter-balanced, if not more than counter-balanced by the abundance and variety of these sculptures which in a sense give expression to the later and emotionalised Jainism. There are not a few traces of the early tree and serpent worship of the Dravidians in Jaina sculptures ; and the five, seven, or thousand headed naga is everywhere present in the Jaina temples. It is in fact, observes Fergusson, the naga that binds together and gives unity to the various religions of South India ; and snake images are very frequent about Jaina temples particularly in Mysore and Kanara.2 In the Chatur-mukha Basti at Gersoppa there is, among the various Digambara figures huddled together, one of Parsvanatha with a beautifully carved seshaphana as also in the exquisite seated marble figure still worshipped at Sravana Belgola. Hindu or Bralimanical influence is also traceable in the sculptures of Indra or Sukra, Garuda, Saraswati, Laxmi, etc.,3 striking exa'nples of which are found in the figure of Laxmi bathed by two elephants at the entrance of the great enclosure round the Gummata at Belgola, and in the huge seated figure of Indra which has given the name of Indra-sabha to one of the most interesting caves at Ellora This naturally leads us to a consideration of Jaina excavations in South India, which are perhaps more quinerous in the Bombay Division than anywhere else in the peninsula : "The varying practical requirements of the cult of each religion, of course, had an effect on the pature of the buildings required for particular purposes," observes Smith, 4 and the striking 1. Belgaum, Bom. Gaz. XXI, pp. 540.41. 2. Cf. Fergusson, op. cit. I, pp. 42-44 and 44 n 1; ibid. II, p. 79. 3. Ibid., pp. 4-5; Buhler. Indian Sect of the Jainas, App. by Burgess, Jaina Mythology, p. 61 f, 4. Smith, op. cit., p. 9.

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No. III JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA 61 paucity of Jaina caves, as compared with either Buddhist' or Brahmanical ones, is a strong commentary upon those who adver: sely reflect upon the ascetic nature of the Jaina religion. The importance attached to the lay community, as well as the active part played in wordly life by the Jaina monks, must largely account for the fact that although like the Buddhists tlie Jainas had a monastic organisation "it never attained power like that of the Buddhist order". 1 As Burgess has pointed out, the Jaina caves in Western India do no exceed 4 per cent. of the whole. The figures given by him are: Buddhist 720; Bramanical 160 ; and Jaina only 33. The earliest of these belong to the Bth or Bth Century A.D. and the latest perhaps to the 12th century A. D. They are all Digambara, and include one or two very fine specimeris. Like the 'Brahmanicai caves they are also built after the plan of the Buddhist viharas, probably " as a means of pressing their candidature for a larger share of popular favour."Chota Kailas or smaller Kailas, at Ellora, is a curious example of the imitation of the works of one sect by the votaries of another "For there can be no doubt," says Burgess, " this was undertaken in imitation of the great Bramanical temple of Kailasa, but on a much smaller scale." He also adds, "these two temples cannot be far distant in date' (9th cent. A.D.) 3 By far the most interesting caves of the Jainas in this part of the country are of course, the gr ups calleil the Indra Sabha and Jagannatha Sabha. They constitute a maze of excavations learling from one into another, and Havell observes.-" The name of the two temples, and the orientation of their shrines indicate that unlike most of the other shrines at Ellora, it was not the tamasic aspect of the Trimurti that was here invoked, but the blessings of the Rain God, represented by Vishnu the preserver and his sakti, Laxmi, the bringer of prosperity. Only as the temples belonged to the Jaina sect they appealed specially to their saints, the Tirthankaras, to whoin analogous divine powers were attri 1. Cf. Ibid., p. 11. 2. Burgess. Cave Temples of India, pp. 170-71, 3. Ibid., pp. 495-96

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JAINA ANTIQUARY [ Vol. I buted. With this qualification of the symbolism of the structure and ornament has the same significance as in Brahmanical and Buddhist temples."1 The entrance of the Indra Sabha is completely sculptured out of a living rock, like the Kailas temple which it resembles in many respects, though on a considerably smaller scale. Immediately within the walls is the Jaina equivalent of Siva's Nandi shrine. The cubical cell is of the Brahma type, and stands for the fourheaded Brahma symbol as seen at Elephanta, though the four sides are sculptured with the figure of Mahavira. The main block of Indra Sabha consists of a two-storeyed temple, out into the rock for a depth of over 100 ft. "Perhaps the most remarkable of the sculpture of the Indra Sabha," observes Havell, is the strikingly beautiful and original facade of the side chapel on the western side of the main temple, the richness of which contrasts so admirably with the larger surfaces of the grand chhaja shading the the main front and the magnificent profile of the elephants kneeling above it."2 62 The figure of Indra himself is sculptured on the left of the main temple, seated on a sleeping elephant. Similarly seated under a tree, carved with infinite care and accuracy with birds, fruits and leaves brought into remarkable relief, is Indrani in the opposite corner facing her Lord. This goddess, unlike Indra, is seated on a crouching lion whose head is completely damaged. She is not the only goddess in the group. There is also four-armed Devi with two discs in the upper hands, and a vajra in her left, resting on her knee. To her left is another goddess with eight arms seated on a pea-cock; evidently Saraswati. Some of the remarkable things to note are the dogs and deer at the foot of Mahavira's throne in the Jagannatha group. There are numerous other figures common to other Jaina temples, but the magnificent pillar carving with nude standing Digambaras on their inner face, is particularly note-worthy. (See photograph opposite.) To be Continued. 1. Havell, op. cit., p. 201. The Brahmanical caves predominate at Ellora; they are 17. whereas Buddhist ones are 12, and Jina only five. All are situated within the radius of a mile. 2. Cf. Plate LX1, Havell, op. cit., p. 202.

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A NOTE ON DEST-GANA. Until before the time when the Jaina Order came to be divided into the two prime sections, viz , 'Digambara' and 'Sretambara' it was also known by the general names such as giga', 'sara' etc. In about 136 A, V., which is about 80-81 A.C., it was split up into the two sections named above ;? whenceforth the Digambara section also came to be called as the "Mula-Sangha" (FIFA) especially in the Deccan and South India. The famous Kondakundacharya ( ITEERD), who was also called Padmanandi (qara)? is said to have been a leader of the Mula-Sangla during his time.3. About 700 years after the Nirvana of Sri Mahavira (528-527 B.C.) i.e., in about 172-173 A.C., this Mula-Sangha again was divided into four sub-sanghas, viz., dapia, AFFE, ARET and daga by one Arbadbali Acharya who was the spiritual descendent of the great Kondakundacharya, and perhaps then or gradually later on came into being further sub-divisions called 'gana' (601), such as 'TSCHITTOT', 'g-arant' etc, and yet further ones called " gaccha " (1779), such as pergatitory, OrCalaia, etc., and still further ones called 'vali' (afa)*, such as gaatitafa etc. As will be seen from the quotations given below, all these different sections, sub-sections, etc., such as fia, nu, tess and the did not (and even now do not) connote any difference whatsoever, in tenets or obserrance or anything else of the members of adherents of the respective divisions, but, as it is said, they were brought into operations merely as a set-off against the possible misunderstanding 1, guite afiang fa HATITEA ATUITA I ___ soraThe balahIe uppaeNo sevar3o saMgho // (darzanasAra zloka 11) 2. quafragmafuta: sitelr5EUR5: 1 (samo faro efo & 8) 3. startekaararanasanTaoTI (Ibid No. 69). 4. Be it noted once for all that this word 'af' is not the Sanskrit word 'afaineaning' a fold ', but a Sanskritised form of the Kanarese Word afar' (bali) which means 'a family', and of course a spiritual family' in this case.

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JAINA ANTIQUIRY. [Vol. I or the like that might be brought about in future, when the religion was spread broadcast over the land. 'arhadvaliH saMghacatubidhaM sa zrIkANDakundAnvayamUlasaMdhaM / kAlasvabhAvAdihajAyamAnadveSetarAlpIkaraNAya ckre|| tatsenanandinidivezasiMhasaMgheSu yastaM manute kudRksaH / saMgheSu tatra gaNagacchavAlatrayeNa lokasya canuSi bhidhAjuSi nandisaMghe dezIgaNe dhRtaguNe'nvitapustakAkhya gacche ....................... // ' devanandisiMhasenasiMghabhedavartinAM dezabhedataH prabodhabhAji devayoginAM / vRttataH samastato'viruddhadharmasevinAM madhyataH prasiddha eSa nandisaMgha ityabhUt // nandisaMghe sadezIyagaNe gacche ca pustake / zrImUlasaMghe tato jAte nandigaNaprabhedavilasaddazIgaNe vizrute / Thus the Desig ana (dezIgaNa) is a section of the larger division called the Nandi Sangha (nandisaMgha). This Desigana is variously called as dezIya, deziya, dezika, deziga, desiya, desiga, mahAdezi-gaNaM in the several Kannada inscriptions at Sravanabelgo!a. In the Sanskrit work called 'bAhubalicaritra', which however, has not yet been published, the following explanation is offered to account for the name esit which this section came to be acquired : pUrva jainamatAgamAdhividhuvacchrInandisaMghe'bhavan sujJAnarddhitapodhanAH kuvalayAnandA mayUkhA iva / satsaMghe bhuvi dezadezanikare zrIsuprasiddha sati zrIdezIyagaNe dvitIyavilasanAmnA mithaH kathyate // 1. Sravanabelgola Inscriptions. No. 254. 2. Ibid, No. 258. 3. Ibid, No. 64. 4. Vide Nos. 64 ; 70; 73 ; 117; 125; 126 ; 127 ; 128 ; 268 ; 351 etc. 5. Quoted in the Introduction (p. xxx) to " Dravya Saigraha " S,B.J.

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No. III ] A NOTE ON DESIGANA. 65 Therefore the said tot seems to have been so called as its grati became famous in every country (agregirant) they visited, perhaps on a religious mission to preach and spread Jainism. But this explanation seems to be lacking in historical sense in that it clearly seems to have been easily based on the actual and primary meaning of the word ag' which means 'a country'; or in other words this explanation is merely a ready-made enlargement of the literal sense of ag'. I cannot bring myself to accept this explanation, but shall offer mine own in instead, which, however, I leave to the readers to judge. That portion of the Deccan that lay between the Western Ghaut Balaghat (aroratt) the Karnataka country of the ancient and medieval times and the river Godarari was called simply the Desa ;3 and the Brahmanas, who were the inhabitants of this country of ' are still known as arma' Brahmanas. It is because a certain portion of the members of the afatia colonised or settled or otherwise dwelt in the said country of it, I presume, their section must have come to be called aging. For as we have seen above, there are other sections of " Mula-Sangha," which are called the 'grace -107' and 'Fic-Tu'. Now in the former name, the word 'grata'4 is the name of a certain portion of South India, which now lies in the S W. of the Mysore State, and its capital was Kittipur fragt or Kittur (125) which is now included in the tocara taluka of the said state. The Greek geographer Ptolmey (150 A. C.) has mentioned the 'Pounnata' (or Pounata) as containing mines of the precious stone, known as beryl' (dad). The punnATa saMgha of the Digambara Jainas was also known as kitta ra saMgha Though it is not possible to say where the place called (Forge) 1. The uplands of the present North-Kanara district (in Bombay Presy.) Vide" Bombay Gazeteer, Vol. XIII, pt. I p. 2. 2. Vide " Imperial Gazeteer " Bombay Prescy) vol. I, pp. 194--196. 3. #Etreta 97819 HITT 94 (aar') 4. In the earlier times 'Paiz' included also the present district of Coimbatore in the Madras Presidency. 5. Sravanabelgola Inscrips. No. 81.

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66 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [ Vol. I was situated, it is quite clear at is and cannot but be the name of some certain locality, in that it contains the word 6 which is a Kanarese word meaning a town', a village etc., and having no sense else Therefore I believe that the called must have acquired that name, undoubte ly on account of having been formed as such; or having had its habitation in, or having had some or other conspicuous connection with that portion of the Deccan known as . M. GOVIND PAI. 6 1.' is the name of the place and thus the form of the nominative singular, whereas 'kANUru' is the genitive singular of the same. In the case of 'g' also, the nom. sg., from is 'gaz' (where the Kanarese suffix a country) and the punADu ' and ' punnATa' are each the Gen. sg. form; but as the said country has been termed in histories as q (though quite wrongly) following the terminology of the Greek Ptolemy, I have kept it as it is. forms

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Opinions. 1. Mr. A. Banerji Sastri, Professor & Head of the Department of Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali & Maithil, Patna College : "Appears to me to be a useful and promising undertaking. Jaina texts contain valuable material for the history of India and their publication in the pages of this Journal will be of great help to students of Indology. I hope the editors will keep this in view in their choice of materials." 2. Prof. E. J. Rapson, M.A., 8, Mortimer Road, Cambridge: "Please accept my best thanks for your kindness in sending me a copy of the Jaina Antiquary,' I wish this Journal all success." 3. Mr. Chintaharan Chakravarti, Kavyatirtha, M.A., Lecturer, Bethune College : "It is a fine publication and I wish it a glorious future. I have every hope that you would not spare any pains for keeping up the scholarly standard of the paper so that it may win the sympathy and respect of the world of scholars. The articles in the first number are all well. written and bespeak a bright future. I highly appreciate your idea of publishing. old tents through the pages of your journal. The Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS and the Pratimalekha Samgraha will be highly useful publications when completed." 4. Mr. S. C. Ghoshal, M.A., B.L., Saraswati, Kavyatirtha, VidyaBhushan, Bharati, Sadar Sub-Divisional Officer, writes from Cooch Behar. : "I welcome the appearance of the Bhaskara as there was no Journal of this nature specially devoted to antiquarian researches regarding Jainism. I find the articles interesting and illuminating, and wish every success to the undertaking." 5. Mr. V. S. Agrawala, Curzon Museum of Archaeology, Muttra : "I am indeed grateful for your kindness in sending me the first issue of the Jain Antiquary, which, from its inception, forebodes such encouraging performance. It supplies a real want in the domain of Jainology and must very soon occupy its due place as the standard Quarterly Research Journal concentrating on all branches of Jain literature, art

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[ ii ] and archaeology. It was painful to see Jain sources languishing for want of a suitable medium of utterance, and you therefore deserve unanimous congratulation for having so admirably realized the needs of the time." 6. Prof. Otto Stein PH.D. writes from Prague (Zekoslovekia): " The Jain Antiquary is highly interesting and I will not fail to contribute." 7. Prof. Bibhuti Bhushan Dutta writes : " Kindly accept my best thanks for the first issue of the Jain Antiquary. It is very promising."

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RULES. 1. The " Jaina Antiquary" (staferelen HTETT) is an Anglo-Hindi quarterly, which is issued annually in four parts, i.e., in June, September, December, and March.' 2. The inland subscription is Rs. 4 (including postage) and foreign subscription is 6 shillings (including postage) per annum, payable in advance. Specimen copy will be sent on receipt of Rs. 1-4.0. 3. Only the literary and other decent advertisements will be accepted for publication. The rates of charges may be ascertained On application to THE MANAGER, The " Jaina Antiquary" Jain Sidhanta Bhavan, Arrah (India). to whom all remittances should be made. 4. Any change of address should also be intimated to him promptly. . 5. In case of non-receipt of the journal within a fortnight from the approximate date of publication, the office should be informed at-once. 6. The journal deals with topics relating to Jaina history, geography, art, archaeology, iconography, epigraphy, numisma. tics, religion, literature, philosophy, ethnology, folklore, etc., from the earliest times to the modern period. 7. Contributors are requested to send articles, notes, reviews, etc., type-written, and addressed to, K. P. JAIN, Esq. M. R. A. S., Editor, " JAINA ANTIQUARY" Aliganj, Dist. Etah (India). (N.B.-Journals in exchange should also be sent to this address.) 8. The Editors reserve to themselves the right of accepting, or rejecting the whole or portions of the articles, notes, etc. 9. The rejected contributions are not returned to senders, if postage is not paid. 10. Two copies of every publication meant for review should be sent to the office of the journal at Arrah (India). 11. The following are the editors of the journal, who work honorarily simply with a view to foster and promote the cause of Jajnology : PROF. HIRALAL JAIN, M.A., L.L.B. : PROF. A. N. UPADHYE, M.A. B. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN, M.R.A.S. Pr. K. BHUJABALI SHASTRI.

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ArA jaina siddhAnta bhavana kI prakAzita pustakeM **: (1) munisuvratakAvya (caritra) saMskRta aura bhASA - TIkA sahita (2) jJAnapradIpikA tathA sAmudrika zAstra bhASA - TIkA sahita (3) jaina- siddhAnta- bhAskara 1ma bhAga kI 1ma. kiraNa... 2ya tathA 3ya sammilita kiraNeM "" (4) bhavana ke saMgRhIta saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI granthoM kI purAnI sUcI (5) bhavana kI saMgRhIta aMgrejI pustakoM kI nayI sUcI prApti-sthAnajaina - siddhAnta bhavana, ArA ( bihAra ) / prakAzaka tathA mudraka - bAbU devendrakizora jaina, zrIsarasvatI priNTiGga varkas, ArA / 11) (yaha zrarddha mUlya hai) m)

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LLLL WALA Britania MINIMUM Theo Iain Antiquary An Anglo-Hindi Quarterly Journal. vdybA

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zrIjaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara ke niym| 1 jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara aGgarejo hindI mizrita praimAsika patra hai, jo varSa meM jUna, sitambara, disambara aura mArca meM cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita hotA hai| 2 isakA vArSika candA dezake liye 4) rupaye aura videza ke liye DAka vyaya lekara 4 // ) hai, jo pezagI liyA jAtA haiN| 1) pahale bheja kara hI namUne kI kApI maMgAne meM suvidhA hogii| kevala sAhityasaMbaMdhI tathA anya bhadra vijJApana hI prakAzanArya svIkRta hoNge| mainejara, jaina siddhAnta-bhAskara, ArA ko patra bhejakara dara kA ThIka patA laMgA sakate haiN| manIArDara ke rupaye bhI unhIM ke pAsa bhejane hoNge| 4 pate meM hera-phera kI sUcanA bhI turaMta unhIM ko denI caahiye| 5 prakAzita hone kI tArIkha se do saptAha ke bhItara yadi "bhAskara" nahIM prApta ho, to isakI sUcanA jalda Aphisa ko denI caahiye| hai isa patra meM atyanta prAcInakAla se lekara Adhunika kAla taka ke jaina itihAsa, bhUgola, zilpa, purAtattva, mUrtivijJAna, zilA-lekha, mudrA-vijJAna, dharma, sAhitya, darzana, prabhRti se saMbaMdha rakhanevAle viSayoM kA hI samAveza rhegaa| 7 lekha, TippaNI, samAlocanA-yaha sabhI sundara aura spaSTa lipi meM likhakara sampAdaka, zrIjaina siddhAnta-bhAskara ArA ke pate se Ane caahiye| parivartana ke patra bhI isI pate se Ane caahiye| 6 kisI lekha, TippaNo Adi ko pUrNataH athavA aMzataH svIkRta athavA asvIkRta karane kA adhikAra sampAdakamaNDala ko hogaa| . asvIkRta lekha lekhakoM ke pAsa vinA DAka-vyaya bheje hue nahIM lauTAye jaate| 10 samAlocanArtha pratyeka pustaka kI do pratiyA~ "bhAskara" Aphisa, ArA ke pate se bhejanI caahiye| 11 isa patra ke sampAdaka nimna likhita sajana haiM jo avaitanika rUpa se kevala mAna jaina-tatva ke unnati aura utthAna ke abhiprAya se kArya karate haiM : prophesara hIrAlAla, ema.e., ela.ela.bI. prophesara e. ena. upAdhye, ema.e. bAbU kAmatA prasAda, ema.Ara.e.esa. paNDita ke. bhujabalI, zAstrI

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(zrIjaina-siddhAnta-bhavana pAro kA mukha-patra) jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara - arthAt prAcIna jaina-itihAsa, sAhitya evaM zodha-sambandhI traimAsika patra bhAga 2] [kiraNa 4 sampAdaka-maNDala prophesara hIrAlAla, ema. e., ela.ela. bI. prophesara e0 ena0 upAdhye, ema.e. bAbU kAmatA prasAda, ema. Ara. e. esa. paNDita ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana zrArA-dvArA prakAzita bhArata meM ) videza meM 4 eka prati kA vikrama samvat 1992

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viSaya-sUcI hindI-vibhAga . viSaya (1) bhAskara kI varSa samApti-kavitA [ zrIyuta paM0 haranAtha dvivedI] .... .... 116 (2) amarakIrtigaNi-kRta SaTkarmopadeza [zrIyuta prophesara hIrAlAla jaina ema0 e0, ela0 ela0 bI0 ]... (3) vijayanagara sAmrAjya aura jainadharma [zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI] ... 132 (4) nisidhi ke sambandha meM do zabda [ zrIyuta pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye] ... (5) zrIRSabhadeva bhagavAna ke jIvanI ke sAdhana / ... [zrIyuta muni himAMzuvijaya nyAya-kAvya-tIrtha] ... 140 (6) silAra raTurAja kA nayAsilAlekha aura jainadharma [zrIyuta bA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina] 147 (7) gata prathama evaM dvitIya kiraNoM meM prakAzita apane lekhoM ke viSaya meM kucha vizeSa vaktavya [zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI] ... ... 152 (5) devacandrakRta rAjAvalI kathA kI viSaya-sUcI [zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI] 154 (1) "zrIbAhubali zataka" kI samAlocanA [zrIyuta pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ema0 e0, ela0 ela0 bI0] ... 156 (10) "RISABH-DEVA" kI samAlocanA [zrI ta pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ema0 e0, ela0 ela0 bI0] ... 160 granthamAlA-vibhAga(1) prazasti saMgraha [zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI] (2) pratimA-lekha-saMgraha [zrIyuta bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina] (3) vaidyasAra [zrIyuta satyandhara AyurvedAcArya] ... JR.. aMgrejI-vibhAga(1) RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM By S. C. Ghoshal, M.A.B.L., Saraswati, Kavyatirtha, Vidyabhusan, Bharati] . . ... 67 (2) JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA (By Prof. Shripad Rama Sharma, M.A.] 83 (3) OPINIONS. (4) SELEOT CONTRIBUTIONS TO ORIENTAL JOURNALS.

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// zrIjinAya nmH|| IBHILIER A T MASHTAMIPARSHINILAITHILI FILIMENT HAMARIHARIBHUMIAR IMITATIMINIMIRRAININE - 11TMAITHHTHANIHIERHITHDRAPATI APR ITUATION AUTARIAHADEVHULHAUTAHILIND - THE JAINA ANTIQUARY. jainapurAtatva aura itihAsa-viSayaka traimAsika patra bhAga 2 mArca, 1936 / phAlguna vIra ni0 2462 kiraNa AAAAAAAd bhAskara kI varSa-samApti (le0-zrIyuta paM0 haranAtha dvivedI) COX DoCDCC varavIra-dharma-dhuradhArI "nirmala' nidhipati apanAkara, sahRdaya suvijJa sampAdaka-maNDala-avirala-bala pAkara / / / itihAsa-purAtattvoM kA zuci-zubhra sAra vikasAkara, pAThaka pavitra-premI ko projjvala kara se hulasAkara / 2 / jinadharma-cakradhArI-sama "cakreza' cAru mahimAkaramaMjula-suchatra-chAyA meM zobhana yaha varSa bitAkara / 3 / lekhaka-lalAma ke anupama lekhana-pradIpa dIpita kara, zrI "zAnti"-sudhA-mAnasasara ke haMsa-vaMza-avatara kara / / chabi-dhAma "lAla choTe' kI vara vRhat lAlimA lAkara sukha se nijateja prasArA, 'bhAskara'' ne tama vinazAkara |RA ExcxxCXCDocxxcxcxol RAN

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amarakIrtigaNi-kRta SaTkarmopadeza (le0-zrIyuta prophesara hIrAlAla jaina, ema.e., ela.ela.bI.) eka pranyakartA va anya kA aitihAsika paricaya pUrva lekha meM karAyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ isake viSaya Adi kA paricaya karAyA jAtA hai| prantha kA viSaya nAma hI se spaSTa hai| isameM gRhasthoM ke liye nitya pAlane yogya chaha karmoM kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ye chaha karma haiM devapUjA, guru-upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura daan| inhIM kA vivaraNa prantha kI caudaha sandhiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| teraha kaDavakoM kI prathama sandhi kA kavi ne SaT-karma-nirNaya nAma diyA hai| isameM pUrvokta kavi-paricaya ke pazcAt devapUjA ke hetu sacce deva kI parIkSA kI gaI hai| kavi kA kahanA hai ki 'deva kI jaba parIkSA karake pUjA kI jAyago tabhI usase puNya hogA; vinA parIkSA kI pUjA se durgati hI bddh'egii| 'dRr3ha mithyAtva meM pha~se hone ke kAraNa deva kI parIkSA na jAna kara mUrkha sabhI ko deva mAnane lagatA hai tathA apane citta ko eka jagaha kahIM bhI nahIM lgaataa| saba vastuoM meM viSNu kA bAsa batAtA hai, phira pIche unhIM ko lAta lagAtA hai| ATha mUrta padArthoM meM Izvara kA bhAva bhAtA hai aura tatkAla hI unakA avinaya karatA hai| viSNu ko namaskAra karatA hai tathA skara aura maccha ko mAratA hai unheM viSNu kI mUrti samajha kara pApa kA vicAra nahIM krtaa| mahArAkSasa aura bhUta jo azuci-rUpa haiM tathA kSetrapAla, betAla Adi inakI sevA se kyA honA hai ? ye to hiMsA ke ghara haiM aura duSkarmoM ke bAMdhanevAle haiN| caMDI Adi saba yoginI madyapAna aura pazubhakSaNa karanevAlI haiM; unhIM nirdayo yoginiyoM ko devatA mAnakara nirlajja saMzaya-viddha mana se, unakI vaMdanA karatA hai| gau zrAdi tiyaMca jIvoM ke bhaGgoM ko sukha se namaskAra karatA hai jinase pApa kA prasaMga hone vAlA hai| bar3a, pIpala, jAmuna, nIma Umara, dehalI, dUba, jala, jalacara tathA kaMjinI Adi / deu parikkhiu puraNahaM kAraNu / aparivakhiu duggai-visthAraNu / 1, 1,' 2 dina-mitthatta-sahAvArUDhau / taho parikkha amukatau mUDhau / sapala vi deva sahAve maMtai / ekahi kahiM miNa cittu Nivattai / samvahi vahiM viguhu pasaMsaha / pacchA tAI mi pAhiM phaMsaha / aTTahiM muttihiM Isaru bhAvai / takkhaNi tAhaM mi aviNau dAvaI / viyaha Navai sUbaru timi mAraha / taho muttiu pAvir3a Na vivArai /

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kiraNa 4 ] amarakIrtigaNi-kRta SaTkarmopadeza 121 gRhasthI ke upakaraNoM aura jIvoM ke saMhAra karanevAle Ayudha SyAdi sabhI kA devatA mAna kara unake vinaya se namaskAra karane lagatA hai / ina nAmamAtra ke devatAoM kA prerA huA, mUrkha gurudvArA dhokhe meM DAlA jAkara, bhramatA phiratA hai / jo deva dekhA usI se laga gayA; ucita anucita kI kucha khoja hI nahIM krtaa| jaba hAtha meM akSamAlA letA hai taba apane mana meM zaMkA utpanna karatA hai ki yaha deva nahIM hai / jo priyA ke prema meM Asaka hai, viSayoM meM pramata hai, deva hokara bhI nAcatA phiratA hai, jo bhayAnaka hai (dAruvaNu 1), durAgrahI hai, vaha zubha prabhu kaise ho sakatA hai ? avazya vaha logoM ko ThagatA hai'| jo gopiyoM ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai use loga puruSottama kaise kahane lage ? jisakA mana eka gvAlina ke dekhane se hI vicalita ho jAya, devatva usake pAsa bhI kaise phaTaka sakatA hai ? gautama RSi kI bhAryA meM jisakA mana vismita ho gayA vahI sahasranayana surapati bana gayA ? candra vRhaspati kI bhAryA para Asakta ho gayA, logoM ne use kalaMkita mAtra kahakara rahane diyaa| yadi deva bhI priyA va suta ke moha meM par3akara manuSyoM ke samAna AcaraNa karate haiN| aura krodhAtura va kAmAtura hue, duSkarmo meM lipta, saMsAra meM ghUmate phirate haiM, to phira manuSyoM aura devoM meM to koI antara hI dikhAI nahIM detA ? puNya kA kAraNa phira kyA ThaharA ? jo svayaM pApakarma karate haiM ve dUsaroM kA kaise puNyakarma meM lagA sakate haiM ? jinake citta meM sadA saMzaya vilAsa kara rahA hai, unameM to koI vItarAga guNa dikhAI nahIM detA '" ityAdi / 3 4 dhattA - maha - rakkhasa - bhUvai', asui-saruvaI, khettavAla - veyAlAi | ha ya deva, huti asevaI, dukamma hiMsAlai // 6 // caMDiya - paMmuhau joiNi sArau / majja -pANa-pasu-kavalaNa-yArau / deva maNivi vaMda NigghiNu / NiviNAi saMsaya salliya- maNu / go-muhAI tirikkhahaM zraMgaI / suhiNa NamaMsai pAva-pasaMgai || vaDa pippalu, jaMbU ziMbaMcuru / dehali dudhva-ivbhu jalu jalayaru / kaMjiNi - pamuha ghara - uvayaraI / AuhAI jIvahaM saMgharaNa / iya savva devai maraNaMtau / viNayeM evakAra gAmAhAsa- deva- mai - periu / hiMDai jaDa-gurUhiM jo jo deu thii taho labhgai / juttAjuttu kiMpi Na hu maggai | virayaMtau | avaheriu | deva giyarmANi saMsau bhAvahiM / akkhamAla jAvahiM karuThA vahiM / dhattA - piya-pemmAsattau, visaya pamattau, deva havivi jo cai / dAruvaNu kayaggahu, kaha so suhapahu, loyahaM avasu parvaca // 10 //

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122 bhAskara [bhAga 2 - isa prakAra mithyA devoM kA nirAkaraNa karake saMdhi ke zeSa bhAga meM sacce deva kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai| jisake krodha, lobha, mada, Alasya, jarA, bhaya, vismaya Adi doSa nahIM, jisake na gale meM muMDamAlA hai, na kara meM kapAla hai ; na kaMTha meM vAsuki hai, na sira para gaMgA hai, na trizula hai, na khaTvAMga haiM, na dhanuSa hai, na ardhanArI-rUpa zarIra hai, jisake na lIlAvilAsa hai, na svayaM gAtA hai, na nAcatA hai aura na roSa-toSa upajAtA hai, na santuSTa hokara Adhe kSaNa meM rAjya detA aura na ruSTa hokara pakar3atA aura mAratA; jo kevala jIvoM kI dayA tathA apane aura parAye hita meM magna hai, vahI deva namaskAra karane yogya hai| dUsare devoM ke sAtha dekha parakha kara yahI vItarAga kahA jA sakatA hai| dUsarI sandhi se navamI sandhi taka kavi ne kramazaH jala, sugandha, akSata, puSpa, nevedya, dIpa, dhUpa aura phala ina aSTa dravyoM dvArA deva-pUjA karane kA mAhAtmya batalAyA hai, aura pratyeka ke phala ke udAharaNasvarUpa eka eka kathA dI hai| tadanusAra ina sandhiyoM kA jo govihiM NAmehi vi tkkiu.| so purisutta kaha jaNi kokkiu / govihi daMsaNi jo viyaliya-maNu / paribhamei taho kahiM devttnnu| jo gottama kalatta-vibhiyamai / sahasaNayaNu saMjAyau suravai / caMdu vihappai-bhajjAsattau / bhaNivi kalaMkiu jaNi vi guttau / deva vi puNu jai maNuyAyArihiM / vattahiM piya-suya-mohuggArihiM / deva vi jai kohAura kAmiya / bhavi bharmati dukmmohaamiy| . tA maNuvahaM devahaM vi Na aMtaru / dosai purANaheu kAI mithiru| . pAvayammu je saI uppAyahiM / puNNakammi kiha te paru laayhiN| . tAhaM Na vIyarAya-guNu dosai / saMsau jAhaM citti Niru vilasai / 5 jassa koho Na loho Na mAho mao / NAlaso No jarA No pihA vibhavo / muMDamAlA gale No kavAlaM kare / bAsuI Nasthi kaNThe Na gaMgA sire / No tisUlaM Na khaDgayaM No dhaNU / addhaNArI NarA dosae No tnnuu| jo Na lIlA-vilAso sayaM gaaye| Naccae rosatosaM samuppAyae / dei rajjaM khaNakheM Na saMtuTTao / giNhae mArae jo puNo ruttuno| x x x x x x x x . dhattA-jIva-dayAsattau, sa-para-hiyattau, so puNu deu Namijjai / ibarehi parikkhiu, devehi lakkhir3a vIyarAu paNijjai // 12 //

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kiraNa 4 ] amarakIrtigaNi-kRta SaTkarmopadeza 123 kavi ne kramazaH (2) jalapUjA kathA varNana, (3) gaMdhapUjA - phala-kathA-varNana, (4) bhakSata pUjA-vidhAna kathA prakAzana, (5) puSpapUjA - phala- nirNaya varNana, (6) naivedya pUjA-phala-kathAvarNana, (7) dIpaka-prabodhana- puNyakathA varNana, (8) dhUpapUjA kathA - varNana, aura ( 8 ) phala-pUjAkathA-varNana, nAma diye haiM / kathAyeM sAdhAraNa pracalita vrata-kathAoM ke samAna hI haiM, para kahIM kahIM inameM bar3I rocaka aura marma kI bAteM kaha dI gaI haiN| udAharaNArtha akSata - pUjAvidhAna - kathA meM rAjA aura eka zukI kI bAtacIta huI hai / prasaGga aisA hai ki rAjA ke bAga meM eka sundara Ama kA jhAr3a thA / vahIM eka zuka aura zukI kA jor3A rahatA thaa| zukI ke garbha samaya usa Ama ke maura khAne kA dohalA utpanna huA / yaha Ama bar3I sAvadhAnI se rakhAyA jA rahA thA - koI pakSI bhI usake pAsa phaTakane nahIM pAtA thaa| to bhI apanI priyA ke pramavaza totA apane jIvana ko saMkaTa meM DAla roja usa Ama kI maura le AtA thA / Akhira eka dina rakhavAle ne jAla DAlakara isa tote ko pha~sA liyA aura rAjA ke sammukha upasthita kiyaa| rAjA maura ke naSTa hone se bar3e ruSTa the, isase tote ke unhoMne mAra DAlane kA vicAra kiyA, para itane hI vahA~ vaha zukI prA girI aura bolI 'rAjan isane mere liye vaha sAhasa kiyA thA, isaliye isakI jAna chor3iye aura mujhe daNDa dIjiye / rAjA ne tote se pUchA 're totA ! tUne samajhadAra hokara bhI aisI galatI kyoM kI ? kyoM tUM isa mAdarajAta ke bahakAve meM Akara aisA aparAdha kara baiThA ?' isake uttara meM totA to na bolane pAyA, zukI bola uThI meM 'he rAjan, loga dUsaroM para to bar3e jaldI ha~sane lagate haiM para svayaM apanI kamajorI para dhyAna nahIM dete re, strI ke liye hI to manuSya saba sukhoM ke dene vAle apane mAtApitA taka kA dUra chor3a detA hai / strI ke liye vaha dharma chor3akara dinarAta kukarma karatA hai / strI ke liye hI vaha samarAMgaNa meM bhir3atA, dUsaroM kA mAratA aura svayaM maratA hai / strI ke liye to vaha deva, guru va sajjanoM taka kI nirlajja hokara corI kara DAlatA hai / strI ke liye vaha kula paramparA ko chor3akara nindanIya vyasanoM meM par3a jAtA hai, aura bar3appana, suhRttA, prasiddhi, zIla Adi guNoM taka kA tilAJjali de detA hai / strI ke liye hI vaha apane Upara dUsaroM kA RNa car3hA letA hai aura apane jIvana kA tRNa ke samAna ginane lagatA hai / aura, he deva ! tuma bhI to apanI bhAryA ke liye jAna nichAvara karane ke liye taiyAra ho gaye the, phira eka becAre pakSI ko Apa kyA doSa dete haiN| apanI priyA ke moha meM to bar3e bar3e vidvAn bhI mUr3ha ho jAte haiN'| ' 6 sA aMpei kIri givadda istha saMdhu lou / paru uvahasai mugadda hu kiMpi yiya-gohu //

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bhAskara [ bhAga 3 tIsarI sandhi meM tapasyA meM pravRtta eka sundarI aura usake rUpa para Asakta eka vidyAdhara ke bhAva aura kriyAoM kI viSamatA kA varNana kavi ne isa prakAra kiyA hai 'jaisA jaisA usa sundarI kA dhyAna lagatA jAtA thA, vaisA vaisA yaha vidyAdhara usako apanA rUpa batalAne kA prayatna karatA thaa| jaise jaise usake dhyAna ke anta hone kA lakSaNa nahIM dikhatA thA vaise vaise yaha usake gAtra kI ora ghUra ghUra kara dekhatA thaa| vaha apane mana meM paramAkSara 'oM' kA cintana kara rahI thI, taba yaha apane mana meM ratisukha kA vicAra kara rahA thaa| jaise jaise vaha apane zIla ko samhAlane meM lagatI thI vaise vaise ye savikAra mana se dekhate the| vaha guru ke vacanoM ko chor3ane ke liye taiyAra nahIM thI, ye prema ke mAre behAla the| vaha apanI pratijJA bhaMga nahIM karatI thI, ye nAnA prakAra ke hAvabhAva dikhA rahe the| vaha dvaMdva-bhAvanA ko chor3a rahI thI, ye gir3agir3A kara bola rahe the| vaha karmoM ke kSaya kI bhAvanA bhA rahI thI, taba ye usake cAroM ora cakara kATa rahe the| vaha bhAvanAoM meM lIna thI to ye kAmavANa se tar3apa rahe the| aura jaise jaise vaha tatvoM ke vivecana meM saMlagna heAtI thI vaise vaise ye haz2arata pRthvI para par3e apane Apako bhUla rahe the| mahilahiM kajji savva sukkhayaraI / Naru dUrammi cayai Niya piyrii| mahilahiM kajji karei kukammaI / ahaNisu dUrosAriya dhmmi| mahilahiM kajji bhiDai samaraMgaNe / paru mArai marei saI takkhaNe / / mahilahi deu guru vi (puNu) sajjaNu / mUsai coru jema aiNigghaNu / mahilahi kajji kulakkama vajjai / NiMdiyAi vasaNAi pajaI / mahilahi kajji guruttu suhittaNu / muvai pasiddhi solu vivasattaNu / mahilahiM kajji caDAvai parariNu / Niya-jIviu avagaeNai jiha tiNu / tuhuM mi deva Niya-bhajjA-kAraNi / jaM jIviu caehi tuTThau maNi / taM pakkhihi mi dosu kima dijjaha / piya moheM viusu vi mohijjai // 4 // jaha jaha jhANa kiM pi AhAsai / taha taha so NaM mutti payAsaha / jaha jaha sA Na jhANu parisesai / taha taha so taho gattu gavesai / jaha jaha sA paramakkharu ciMtai / taha taha so raisuhu maNi ciMtaha / jaha jaha sA sasIlu saMbhAlai / taha tahaso saviyAru NihAlai / jaha jaha sA guru-vayaNu Na chaMDai / taha taha so geheM avaruDaha / jaha jaha sA sa-paijja Na bhaMjai / taha taha so bahu bhAva paujaha /

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mUDabidrI ke candranAtha - caityAlaya ke khaMbhoM meM khudI huI hastakalA ke namUne (zrIyuta esa0 candrarAja ke saujanya se )

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kiraNa 4] amarakIrtigaNi-kRtaSaTkarmopadeza anya kI dazavIM sandhi meM jinapUjA puraMdaravidhi-kathA kahI gayI hai, upavAsavidhi batalAI gaI hai aura jinapUjana va vrata-udyApanavidhi kA vivaraNa hai| isa sandhi ke sAtha SaTkarmoM meM se prathama devapUjA kA upadeza samApta hotA hai| ___ gyArahavIM sandhi meM dUsare aura tIsare gRhasthakarma arthAt guru-upAsanA aura svAdhyAya kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, 'guru ke upadeza se hI jJAna milatA hai, isaliye guru kI sevA karanI cAhiye binA sUrya-prakAza ke kahIM loka ke padArtha dikhAI dete haiM' ? guru kaisA honA cAhiye ? 'jo mana kI zaMkAoM kA nivAraNa kara sake, zIlavAn ho, zuddha niSThAvAn ho, jisakA cAritra hI bhUSaNa ho, dUSaNoM kA jisake tyAga ho, vahI guru utkRSTa hai, jo indriyoM ke viSaya-vikAroM meM bhUlA ho, vaha guru to sacchidra nAva ke tulya hai| moha, pramAda aura ahaMkAra meM jo matA huA hai vaha vikalatra arthAt brahmacArIguru kaise banAyo jA sakatA hai ? gRha, kelana, mitra aura saMpadA meM jo ba~dhA hai vaha mohAMdha kaise guru hogA? jo madya piye aura mAMsa bhojana kare vaha nirlajja kaise guru mAnA jA sakatA hai ? jo jIvoM kI rakSA na kare, na mana meM zuddha AcAra bhAve vaha pApI guru, andhoM kA andhe ke samAna apane ziSyoM ko svarga ke darzana kaise karA sakatA hai ?.. ataeva utkRSTa guru kA sadaiva vinaya karanA caahiye| vinaya bar3A hI acchA guNa jaha jaha sA duvihAsA mellai / taha taha so savilakkhu pabollai / jaha jaha sA phammakkhau bhAvai / taha taha so caupAsiu dhAvai / jaha jaha sA bhAvaNau viyappai / taha taha so sarajAleM kaMpai / jaha jaha sA taccakkhu viveyai / taha taha so mahi paDiu Na ceyaI / '8 jANijjaha sA guru-kahiya, teNa gahijai suguru-vAsaNA / . ravi-ujjoyaha viNu havai, kiha loyammi payastha-payAsaNA // 11,1 // maNa-saMdeha-NAsaNo, sIla-vAsaNo, vihia-suddha-NiTTho / jo cAritta-bhUsaNo, catta-dUsaNo, so guru variThTho // 11,1 // 10 iMdiya-visaba-vivArahi bhullau / so guru vaNiya-taraMDahu tullau / moha-pamAya-maehi pamattau / kiha so guru kijai viyalattau / ghara-kalatta-suhi-saMpava-baddhaDa / kiha so guru havei mohaMdhau / majju piei karaha maMsAsaNu / kiha so guru mariNajaha NigdhiNu / ghattA-jo jIu sa rakkhai pAvamaI, suddhAyAru Na NiyamaNi bhAvai / so guru aMdhaha aMdhu jiha, sIsaha kema saggu saMdAvaha // 11,1 // .

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126 bhAskara [ bhAMga 2 hai - ' vinaya se bahuta puNya hotA hai aura choTe bar3e sabhI prasanna hote haiM / vinaya se devatA pati kA nAza kara dete haiM aura duSTa bhI zAnta ho jAte haiM / vinaya se saba vidyAyeM siddha hotI haiM, grahoM kI pIr3A ruka jAtI hai, loka meM prasiddhi hotI hai, lakSmI kabhI sAtha nahIM chodd'tii| vinayI manuSya kA saba loga Adara karate haiM aura durjana bhI bhAI bana jAtA hai / vinaya se dAna, zIla, tapa sahaja hI sadhate haiM aura koI zatru nahIM banatA / vinaya se saba loga vaza meM ho jAte haiM / vinaya hI eka aisA karma hai jisakA kabhI koI virodha nahIM karatA / vinaya saba kalyANoM kA karanevAlA, aura narakoM kI durgati ko TAlanevAlA hai| parokSa vinaya kA hI phala suno| droNAcArya kA vinaya eka bhIla ne kiyA thA jisase. pratidina dhanurvidyA kA abhyAsa karate karate use zabda-vedhI bANakalA siddha ho gaI thI / " guru-upAsanA kA viSaya isa saMdhi ke sAta kaDavakoM meM samApta hokara AThaveM kaDavaka se svAdhyAya kA upadeza prArambha hotA hai| svAdhyAya pA~ca prakAra kA hai, vAcanA, pRcchanA anukSA, AjJA aura upadeza / aba kauna sA zAstra svAdhyAya ke liye upayukta gina jAya ? kavi uttara dete haiM " jisameM pUrvApara virodha na ho, dayA ke bahAne bhI pazu ke mArane aura usakA mAMsa khAne kI bAta na ho, jahA~ lokaviruddha AcaraNa aura malina kriyAoM kA upadeza na ho, tathA jahA~ kudAna aura ku- parigrahaNa kA Adeza na ho aura pApoM ke sAdhanoM kI puSTi na kI gaI ho vahI Agama sacamuca meM sarvotkRSTa hai| aise Agama kA 11 viu visesa -purANa- ucpAyaNu / viNae raMjijjai lahu-gurayaNu / viNae N deva vi zravai NAsahi / viNae duTTha vi sesa payAsahi / fare vijjau sabala vi sijjhahi / viNae gaha pIDAu girumahi / vie loya pasiddhi pavaccai / viNee lacchiya kahava Na muccai / free raru hoi kayAyaru / viNae dujjaNu jAyai bhAru / fare dA sIlu ta suhayaru / vize kovi Na jAyai tahu paha | viNae vasa havei sayalu vi jaNu / viNau ikku aviruddha u kamma I viNau sthala-kallAha' kAraNa / vigau garaha. duggai - viNivAraNu / - giNi parokkhaya-viNya-phalu, doNAyariu bhilla paNavaMtahu | sadhaiM bahu saMjAu taho, dizi dikhi dhaNuhanbhAsu kuNaM taho // 11,3 // 12 puSvAvara - viroha- paricukkara / so Ayamu paramattha gurukkau / jethu dayAbhAseviNa hammada / pasu tahu kappiDa maMsu ya jimmai / dhattA X x X x x X X X

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kiraNa 4] amarakIrtigaNi-kRta SaTkarmopadeza 127 nitya svAdhyAya karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isase buddhi bar3hatI hai / buddhi-hIna : manuSya kI bar3I durdazA hotI hai; usakI saba kriyAoM kA phala ulaTA hI hotA hai "vaha dhUrta pizAcoM kI mIThI mIThI bAtoM meM pha~sa jAtA hai aura phira bhramatA phiratA hai| vaha tIrtho meM bhaTakatA hai, pAnI meM DUbatA hai tathA kAmakkazoM dvArA apane zarIra ko daNDa detA / isa prakAra vaha bahuta se trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kA ghAta karatA hai para puNyahetu kucha nahIM sAdhatA / jisa prakAra koze kA kIr3A apanI hI kriyA se apane Apako baMdhana meM DAla letA hai vaise hI yaha jIva duSkarmoM kA apanI ora AkarSita karatA hai"13 / isa sandhi meM yA Age kI sandhiyoM meM koI kathAnaka nahIM haiN| isa sandhi ko kavi ne 'gurUpAsanA - svAdhyAya nirNaya prakAzana' nAma diyA hai / reaf sandhi meM cauthe karma 'saMyama' kA upadeza hai| isake liye indriya-saMyama kI sabase prathamakatA hai| "eka hI sparza indriya ke sukha kI lAlasA ke kAraNa bana ke hAthI ko bhI dUr3ha bandhana meM par3akara tAr3anAdi duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai / rasanA indriya ke lobha se dustara samudra meM rahanevAlA matsya bhI gala dvArA pha~sA liyA jAtA hai / ghrANa indriya meM rakta bhauMrA kamala ke bhItara maratA hai, nayana indriya ke vazIbhUta hokara mUr3ha pataMga eka kSaNa meM dIpaka ke teja se bhasma ho jAtA hai, aura zravaNa indriya ke vaza meM par3akara gAna meM Asakta huA hariNa vyAdha dvArA turanta mAra DAlA jAtA hai / eka eka indriya ke doSa se ye saba jIva isa prakAra vinaSTa ho jAte haiM; phira jo manuSya pA~coM indriyoM ke sukhoM kI abhilASA karatA hai; vaha to bhava bhava meM duHkha sahegA hI / sarpa, siMha, hAthI, krUragraha, rUThe hue vyaMtara, kupita narezvara tathA anya durjana bhI jIva ko vaha duHkha nahIM de sakate jo indriyoM ke viSaya dete haiN| ye to jIva kA eka hI janma meM vidhvaMsa kara sakate haiM, kintu ve janma janmAntara meM bhI piMDa nahIM chor3ate " 1 ,, 18 jetthu ga loya - viruddhA raNa / paryADajjahiM bahu - mala- vittharaNai / jethu duddA paDigANu / Na vi posijjai duriya- pasAha // 118 // 13 buddhi - hI jaNu dhutta - pisAryA hi / gahilau hiMDa kiya-suhivAyahiM / tirathaI avagAha jale buDDai / kAya - kilesahi gitayu daMDa / tasa thAvara bahu jIva virohaha / purANa heDa Na vi kAI u sAhai / kosiyAru jiha appara veDhai / tima sa jIu dukkammahu kaDhaI // 11,6 // 14 vaNa- kari phAsiMdiya - suha - giddhau / sahaha baMdhu tADa divaddha / rasadiya - luddhau duttari jali / timi bahuu galeya Ninbhara gali /

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c [ mAga 2 para indriyAM becArI apane hI bala para kucha nahIM kara sktiiN| "jaise dhandhA manuSya, eka sthAna para khar3A, apane kAma kI abhilASA rakhatA huA bhI, binA darzaka ke kahIM A nahIM sakatA, usI prakAra binA mana ke vyApAra ke indriyA~ atIndriya viSaya sukhoM kA rasa nahIM cala sktiiN| jaise jar3a kaTa jAne para bar3e bar3e pattoMvAlA vRkSa, jaise rAjA ke binA caturaMga senA, jIva ke binA sArA kalevara aura samyaktva ke binA vratoM kA vistAra nirarthaka hai, usI prakAra mana ke binA ye prabala indriyA~ bhI kucha nahIM kara sktiiN| para yaha mana ho to sukha aura dukha ke bhAvoM se ba~dhe hue la lokya ke jIvoM ke liye bar3A durjaya hai| saba ko dikhatA hai ki mana caMcala hai, para jinadeva ko chor3a kara aura koI use kAbU meM nahIM lA sakA / tilottamA ko rasa se nAcatI aura hAvabhAva vibhrama prakaTa karatI huI dekhakara caturAnana kA citta bhI calAyamAna ho gayA, brahmA kA bhI kAmonmAda bar3ha gayA / mana meM kAma-vikAra se saMtapta hokara hari gopiyoM meM anurakta hue bhaTakane lge| RSi ke Azrama meM taruNI se mohita mana hokara ziva sau gunA nAcane lage aura gautama RSi kI bhAryA meM Asakta hokara indra kA citta cala par3A aura ve sahasrAkSa bana gaye / " " 5 isa burjaya mana ko hI vaza karanA bar3A bhArI aura saccA saMyama hai / bhAskara iMdidiru | paMkada marivi ghANiM diya deya rattau diya-vaseNa khaNi dRDDhau / sala hu sarvAdiya-vasu geyAsattau / vAheM mAriDa hariNu i viNa i diyahaM vi doseM / isa sayala vi jo ru paMceMdriya - sura-lAlasu / dukkhu sahai so bhavi bhavi viM tara / taM dukkhu phaNi kesari kuMjara / kUraggaha sarosa taha kuviSa garesara avara vi dujjaya / eya- jamma viddhaMsaNa kiyamaNa / jIvahu diti viSaya jaM bhavi bhavi / uppaNNadda sarIra taha gavi vi // 12,1 // 15 aMdhu jema Ayaha vajiu ThArAThio / acchA calaNahu sakkai jai vi sakja-pio / maNa-vAvAra - vimukkaI tihapurA i' diyaI / visaya sukkhu Na viSANai avasu zratiM diSaGga // chira-mUlu jiha taru vaDiya dalu / vii- hIkhu jiha cauraMgu vibalu / vaya vistharu / khirasthai / biNu jIveM jiha savala kalevaru / viNu sammateM jiha tiha maNa- vajjiyAI susamatthaI / paMceMdivai have ma duujeDa havai tijayatthaha / jIvahaM suha duha-bhAvAvasthahaM / ma caMcala iha savvahaM dIsai / jie muevi araNyahaM kahu sIsai / piyeSitilottama sarasutiya / vinbhama hAva bhAva pavatiya / jAu dIva te saya saharu / vimUDhau | turaMtau / kabatoseM / sAlasu /

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kiraNa 4] amarakIrtigaNi-kRta SaTkarmopadeza isake pazcAt dayAdharma kI prazaMsA aura usake pAlana kA upadeza hai| phira sAta mithyAtvoM ke ullekha aura unake tyAga ke upadeza, tathA samyaktva ke va mUla guNoM ke dhAraNa kI preraNA ke sAtha saMdhi samApta hotI hai| isa saMdhi kA nAma kavi ne 'samyaktvazuddhi-prakAzana' rakkhA hai| terahavIM sandhi meM bhI saMyama kA upadeza cAlU hai| yahAM ahiMsA, acaurya, satya, zIla aura aparigraha ina pAMca aNuvratoM kA, digvata, dezavata aura anartha-daNDa-vrata ina tIna guNa pratoM kA, tathA sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, bhogopabhoga-parimANa aura atithi saMvibhAga ina pAra zikSAghratoM kA, aura phira nizibhojana tyAga kA upadeza hai| nizibhojana tyAga ko kavi ne vratoM kA sAra kahA hai aura isa para unhoMne bar3A jora diyA hai| jo ise pAlana nahIM karate una para isa janma aura agale janma meM bar3I bar3I ApattiyAM AtI haiM, putra kalatrAdi saba durAcArI ho jAte haiM, tathA jo ise pAlate haiM unake sukhoM kA pArAvAra nahIM hai, aisA kahA hai| phira maunavrata kA upadeza hai| mala-mUtrotsarga, bhojana, snAna va devabandana kriyAoM meM mauna rakhanA caahiye| isake pazcAt samAdhimaraNa ke upadeza ke sAtha sandhi samApta hotI hai aura saMyama karma kA upadeza pUrA hotA hai| isa sandhi ko kavi ne 'saMyama karma' kahA hai| anta kI caudahavIM sandhi meM tapa aura dAna karmoM kA upadeza hai| tapa bAhya aura abhyantara rUpa se do prakAra kA hai aura pratyeka ke chaha chaha bheda haiM, isa prakAra tapa bAraha prakAra kA hai| bAhya tapa ke anazana, avamodarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasa-parityAga, viviktazayyAsana aura kAyakleza, tathA Abhyantara tapa ke prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRta, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna bheda haiN| inakA varNana prathama ATha kaDavakoM meM samApta hokara chaThaveM antima pharma dAna kA upadeza prArambha hotA hai| dAna kA mAhAtmya bar3A bhArI hai- "vaha gRhasthadharma kA sAra kahA gayA hai| dAna se pApoM kI avadhi TalatI hai tathA Rddhi aura puNya utpanna hote haiM / dAna saba kalyANoM kA bhAjana hai, tInoM lokoM ko hilA denevAlI zakti hai, bhAgabhUmi ke sukhoM kA vistAra bar3hAnevAlA hai, loka kA adbhuta vazIkaraNa hai aura gaurava kA hetu hai| dAna jAti aura kula ke nAma ko jagA detA hai, supAtroM se saMyoga caliya-cittu caurANaNu jAyau / baMbhu paDDhiya-kAmumbhAyau / maNi maNasiya-vivAra-saMtattau / hari hiMDai govihiM aNurattau / risi Asama mohiya taruNihiM maNu / haru dArupaNu pacciu sayaguNu / gottama-risi-bhajahiM AsattaTha / hari,sahasakkhu jAu cala-cittau // 12,2 //

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130 [ bhAga 2 saMtuSTa ho jAtA hai| jor3a detA hai, durgati kA samUla nAza kara detA hai aura zubhagati ko sAmane lA detA hai / eka dAna se hI sajjanatA kA poSaNa hotA hai aura bairI kA bhI mana dAna kAmadhenu hai, kalpavRkSa hai, cintita phala denevAlA cintAmaNi hai / vAlA siddhamaMtra hai aura pApa ke mela ko dhone ke liye bIjAkSara hai" " " / yaha dAna prahAra, auSadhi, abhaya aura zAstra aisA cAra prakAra se supAtra aura kupAtra kA viveka karake denA dAna spaSTa phala dene cAhiye / bhAskara grantha ko pUrA karate hue kavi ne ukta chaha karmoM kI mahimA gAI hai - "ina chaha karmoM se zrAvaka kI pahicAna hotI hai, dina bhara ke kiye hue pApa vilIna ho jAte haiM, samyaktva kI zuddhi hotI hai, gRhasthI ke kAma kAja se citta ko kucha vizrAnti milatI hai, jainadharma jAnA jAtA hai, nara-janma meM gaNanA hotI hai, upasarga zrAne se rukate haiM, Rddhi Ane meM cUkatI nahIM, duSkarma TUTa jAte haiM, pramAda chUTa jAtA hai, mana meM zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai, svargagati milatI hai, loka meM prasiddhi hotI hai, tribhuvana meM halacala ho jAtI hai, bar3e bar3e puruSa vazIbhUta ho jAte haiM, deva bhI AjJAkArI bana jAte haiM, saba vAJchAe~ pUrI hotI haiM, deva daMdubhi bajAte haiM, kevala jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura avicala sukha kI prApti hotI hai / jo manuSya niHzalyamana aura saMsAra kI bAdhAoM se virakta hokara SaT karma kA pAlana karegA vaha sthira dRSTi se usI mokSamArga kA darzana pA jAyagA jise jinezvara bhagavAn ne hI dekha pAyA hai / "17 16 dANu kahiu gii dhammahaM sArau / dANu hoi duriyAvahi vArau | satta-kalApaha bhASaNu / bhoya- mahi- suha - visthAra guruttahi heu pauttau / supatta saMga-saMjoyaNu / / dANu pariddhi-purANa upAya | dANu dA tiloyahaM khohahu kAraNa / dANu dA loga vasiyara ruittaH / dANu dANu jAi-kula- khAmujoyaNu / dANu dANu hoi duggai - NiNAsaNu / dANu avasu suhagai - unbhAsaNu / dANu ikku suNattaNu posai / dAkhu vi variya maNu saMtosaha / dANu vikAmadhe suravara-taru / dANu vi ciMtAmaNi ciMtiyayaru / dAvi siddhamaMtu paryAya - phalu / dANu vi boyakkharu hayakalimalu // 14, 6 // 17 chakkammahiM sAvahu jANijjai / chakkammahiM diNi duri vilijai / phii / chammahiM sammattu visujjhai / chakammahiM gharakammu kammahiM jidhammumukhijjai / chakammahiM garajammu gaNijjai /

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kiraNa 4] amarakIrtigaNi-kRta SaTkarmopadeza isa prakAra yaha amarakIrtigaNi kA SaTkarmopadeza pUrA hotA hai| yahA~ jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai usase grantha ke viSaya kA, kartA kI bhASA-zailI kA tathA kAvya ke guNoM kA paricaya pAThakoM ko mila jaaygaa| grantha ke kartA kASThA saMgha ke the, para prantha bhara meM aisI koI bAta kama se kama merI dRSTi meM nahIM AI jo dUsare kisI bhI saMgha ke anuyAyI ko agrAhya ho| pUjA ke aSTa dravyoM kA krama taka kartA ne sarvamAnyatAnusAra hI rakkhA hai| pranya uddhAra ke yogya hai| iti zam / chakkAmahiM uvasaggu Na Dhukkai / chakkammahiM riddhihi Na vi cukkA / chakkammahiM dukkAma tuhiM / chakkAmahiM pamAya vihaTTahiM / chakkammahiM pasatti maNi jammai / chakkammahiM suraNayarihi gammai / chakkammahi pasiddhi jaNe labbhai / chakkammahi tihuvaNu khaNi khubbhai / chakkAmahi vasi jAyaI paravara / chakkAmahi deva vi ANAyara / chakkammahi gaMchiu saMpajjai / chakkAmaha' suradu'duhi vajaha / chakkAmahiM uppajjA kevalu / chakkammahiM labbhai suhu aviyalu / ...ttA-chakkAmai jo pAru sallamaNu, bhaviu bhavAhi-vivajiu pAlaha / so jiNaNAhe dIsiyau, mokkha-magu thira-diTTi NihAlai // 14,17 //

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vijayanagara-sAmrAjya aura jaina-dharma (le0-zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI) . jaba san 1327 meM muhammada tug2alaka ne 'hoysala' rAjya ko samUla naSTa kara use apane sAmrAjya meM milA liyA taba dakSiNa bhAratIya bhinna bhinna rAjya sajaga hokara do vIra yoddhAoM ke netRtva meM saMgaThita hur| isa saMgaThana kA pariNAma yaha huA ki ina zUravIroM ne kucha hI samaya ke bAda eka navIna rAjya kI nIva ddaalii| isa navIna rAjya kI rAjadhAnI vijayanagara hI bnii| ullikhita voroM ke nAma kramazaH harihara aura bukka the| ye donoM sahodara bhAI the| ina bhAiyoM ne dakSiNa bhArata meM bar3e vega se bar3hatI huI yavanazakti ko baDI vIratA se rokaa| isI samaya vahA~ yavanoM ne bahamanI rAjya ko sthApita kara gulbargA ko isakI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| usa samaya dakSiNa meM yahI dA rAjya pradhAna the aura sadeva inameM eka dUsare ke prati pArasparika saMgharSa calatA thaa| lagabhaga san 1481 meM bahamanI rAjya barAra, golakuNDa, bIjApura Adi bhinna bhinna pradezoM meM pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta huaa| vijaya nagara kA kalaha bIjApura ke Adila zAhoM ke hI sAtha calatA rhaa| pUrvokta pA~coM mahammadIya rAjyoM meM pArasparika dvaSa evaM noka-jhoMka calate rahane ke kAraNa prAyaH vijayanagara ko hI vijayI banane kI suvidhA mila jAtI thii| anta meM musalamAnoM ne apanI isa bhUla ko samajha liyaa| phalataH ina logoM ne saMgaThita hokara san 1565 meM tAlikoTa ke maidAna meM lar3akara dakSiNa bhArata se sadA ke liye hindasAmrAjya kI jar3a hI ukhAr3a ddaalii| isa yuddha meM yavanoM ne vijayanagara ke tatkAlIna zAsaka rAmarAya ko mArakara unakI sundara rAjadhAnI vijayanagara ko tahasa-nahasa kara ddaalaa| loka vizruta, hinduoM kI bhUtapUrva rAjadhAnI vijayanagara kA dhvaMsAvazeSa dekhakara Aja bhI sahRdayoM kI A~khoM se pravAhita azrudhArA roke nahIM ruktii| yaha huA vijayanagara sAmrAjya kA saMkSipta itihaas| aba maiM apane pAThakoM kA dhyAna prakRta viSaya kI ora AkRSTa karatA huuN| vijayanagara rAjavaMza meM vIra bukkarAya ko jaina dharma kamI nahIM bhUla sktaa| kyoMki inhoMne apane zAsanakAla meM eka amUlya upakAra ke dvArA jainadharma ko eka prakAra se ciraNI banA diyA hai| isa bukkarAya (prathama) ne una dinoM jaina aura vaiSNava sampradAya meM dhadhakatI huI vidveSAgni ko bujhA kara zAnti sthApanAdvArA apanI amiTa dhArmika maitrI duniyA ko dikhA dI thii| yaha zAsaka sarvadharma

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bhAskara' UD elorA kA alaMkRta stambha (dakSiNa bhAratIya kalA )

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kiraNa 4] vijayanagara sAmrAjya aura jaina-dharma samadarzI the isake liye yahI eka pUrvokta udAharaNa paryAta samajhA jaaygaa| yaha samujjvala evaM lokahitakara guNa sabhI zAsakoM meM honA paramAvazyaka hai| kintu mujhe yahAM kahanA par3atA hai ki sAmpradAyikatA ke raMga meM sarAbora hokara kaI zAsaka isa anukaraNIya guNa ko bhUla jAte haiM yaha kheda kI bAta hai| khaira isa mahattvapUrNa zAsakocita sadguNa kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai: vahA~ ke vaiSNavoM ne jainiyoM ke dhArmika adhikAra meM kucha hastakSepa kiyaa| jainiyoM ne nirupAya ho kara vaiSNavoM ke isa dharmasambandhI hastakSepa kA anaucitya dikhAte hue rAjA bukka rAya ke pAsa jA unase nyAya bhikSA maaNgii| rAjA bukka ne jainiyoM kA hAtha vaiSNavoM ke hAtha meM rakhakara zapathapUrvaka yoM phaisalA kiyA-"dhArmika viSayoM meM jaina aura vaiSvaNa sampradAya meM koI bheda nahIM hai| jainiyoM ko pUrvavat paJcamahAvAdya aura kalaza kA adhikAra rakSita rhegaa| jainadharma kI vRddhi aura hrAsa vaiSNavoM ko apanI hI vRddhi aura hAni samajhanI caahiye| zrIvaiSNava merA yaha ullikhita zAsana mere rAjya ke sabhI devAlayoM meM sthApita kara deN| balki sUrya-candra ke astitva ke sAtha arthAt jaba taka sUrya aura candramA kA astitva rahe, mere vaiSNava-samudAya jaina dharma kI rakSA karate rheNge| yaha vivaraNa zravaNa belgola ke naM0 136 (344) vAle zaka sambat 1260 ke zilAlekha meM aGkita hai| isa zilAlekha meM yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki zravaNa belgola meM 20 vaiSNava aGkarakSakoM kI niyukti ke liye prativarSa pratyeka jenI ke ghara se eka eka haNa* saMgrahIta kiyA jAya aura isa dravya kA avaziSTa bhAga vahAM ke jaina-mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra-kArya meM vyaya kiyA jaay| aura isa kara-saMgraha ke vyavasthApaka tirumale tAtayya rheN| sAtha hI sAtha zilAlekha meM yaha bhI likhA milatA hai ki isa rAja-zAsana kA ullaGghana karanevAle rAja, saMgha evaM samudAya ke drohI karAra diye jaayeN| bukka rAya ke isa pakSa-pAta-zUnya phaisale se vaiSNava hote hue bhI inakI prajA-priyatA pada-pada para pradarzita hotI hai| vAstava meM yaha eka Adarza zAsaka the| lagabhaga zaka samvat 1332 ke zravaNabelagolastha naM0 428 (337) ke zilAlekha se sAta hotA hai ki deva rAya mahArAya kI rAnI bhImAdevI paNDitAcArya kI ziSyA thIM aura inhoMne maMgAyi meM zrIzAntinAtha tIrthaGkara kI bimbapratiSThA karAyI thii| yaha deva rAya prAyaH prathama deva rAya hI hoNge| mAlUma hotA hai ki bhImAdevI jainadharmAvalambinI thiiN| zravaNabelgola ke zaka samvat 1344 lekha naM0 82 (253) meM harihara (dvitIya) ke senApati irugappa ne zravaNabelagola meM jo bhUdAna kiyA thA usakA varNana milatA hai| yaha irugappa deva rAya dvitIya * usa samaya kA pracalita mudrAvizeSa /

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.134 [ bhAga 2 ke samaya meM bhI maujUda the| inake dvArA nAnArtha ratnamAlA nAmaka eka saMskRta padyAtmaka koSa race jAne kI bAta milane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha irugappa saMskRta ke bhI eka acche marmajJa vidvAn the / inhoMne vijayanagara meM bhI zrIkunthanAtha tIrthaGkara kA eka mandira nirmANa karAyA thA / harihara rAya (san 1336 - 1350) ne tuLu jainarAjAoM ko jo vaMza-paramparA se rAjya zAsana karate cale Ate the niSkaNTakatA evaM nirbhIkatApUrvaka zAsana karane kA adhikAra de diyA thaa| balki ina Adarza- zAsaka harihara rAya kI ora se tuLu jaina rAjAoM ko apane jainarAjya meM sabhI adhikAra mile the / 1376 - 1404 ) ne jisa prakAra kadare ke maJjunAtha, kAntAvara ke kAntezvara Adi jainetara devasthAnoM ko jAgira dI thI usI prakAra mUr3avidrI ke jainagurubasadi ko bhI dI thii| zaka samvat 1326 ke mUr3avidrI ke gurubasadi ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki dvitIya bukka rAya ne isa basadi (mandira) ko bhUdAna diyA thaa| suprasiddha deva rAya dvitIya (san 1429 - 1451) ne haTTa gaDi ke candranAtha devAlaya, mUDabidrI ke tribhuvanatilaka caityAlaya vAraMga ke neminAtha mandira Adi isa jile ke kaI jainacaityAlayoM ko jAgIra dI thI - yaha bAta vahA~ ke bhinna bhinna zilAlekhoM se siddha hotI hai / dvitIya harihara rAya (san bhAskara khrista zaka 1431 - 32 meM kArkala ke zAsaka bhairavarAya ke suputra vIra pANDya ne kArkala meM jo loka vikhyAta bAhubalI svAmI kI mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thI usa pratiSThAsamAroha meM dvitIya deva rAya bhI sammilita hue the / vIra pANDya ne ApakA bar3A sammAna kiyA thA / vijayanagara ke eka zAsana se vidita hotA hai ki ukta deva rAya ne vijayanagara meM bhI pArzvanAtha svAmI kA eka mandira banavAyA thaa| inake samaya meM vijayanagarasAmrAjya bahuta hI unnatAvasthA meM thaa| iTalI ke paryaTaka nikolokonTo aura parziyA ke rAjA kakkaliyana ke rAjadUta abdula raz2Aka ina donoM ne deva rAya ke rAjyavibhava ko apane apane yAtrA-vivaraNoM meM bar3e sundara DhaMga se citrita kiyA hai| usa samaya vijayanagara rAjadhAnI sATha mAIla ke ghere meM phailI huI thI / inake yAtrAvivaraNa se yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki dvitIya deva rAya kA rAjya kRSNAnadI se kanyAkumArI taka vistRta thA parva tatkAlIna vijayanagara ke zAsaka bhAratIya rAjAoM meM adhika zaktizAlI the / astu isI rAjavaMza ke dvitIya virUpAta rAya (san 1465 - 1471 ) ne bhI mUDabidrI vAle tribhuvanatilaka caityAlaya ko jAgIra dI thI / viTTa pADi ke ballAla ke sahodara bhAI ke ghara para ke eka zAsana se jJAta hotA hai ki saluvavaMzIya narasiMha ke choTe bhAI immaDa narasiMha ne san 1490 meM cihna pADi ke halara basadi (mandira) meM jAgIra dI thI /

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kiraNa 4 vijayanagara sAmrAjya aura jaina-dharma prakhyAta dAnavIra kRSNadeva rAya (san 1509-1530) ke dvArA mUDavidrI ke guruvasadi* evaM caMgalapaTTa ke prailokyanAtha jinAlaya ko vRtti dI gayI thii| yoM to vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke sthApanAkAla se hI dakSiNa bhArata meM hindu saMskRti kI uttarottara vRddhi hotI rahI hai, para ina kRSNadeva rAya ke zAsana-samaya meM to vaha hindU saMskRti atyunnatAvasthA ko prApta ho gayI thii| uttara bhArata meM vikramAditya kA nAma jaisI zraddhA ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai vaise hI dakSiNa bhArata meM ina kRSNadeva kA nAma loga bar3e Adara ke sAtha smaraNa karate haiN| vijayanagara rAjavaMza ke anyAnya choTe-moTe rAjAoM ne bhI jainadeva-mandiroM ko samaya samaya para vRtti pradAna kara sammAnita kiyA hai| yahI taka nahIM isa vaMza ke rAjAoM se jaina kaviyoM ko bhI anyAnya sAhAyya-dvArA paryApta protsAhana milA hai| prathama harihara (san 1336-1353) ke zAsanakAla meM mugulipura ke svAmI prathama maMgarasa ne khagendramaNi-darpaNa kA praNayana kiyA thaa| dharmanAtha purANa ke racayitA madhura dvitIya harihara (san 1377-1404) ke rAjasabhA-paNDita the| vilige. tAluka ke eka zAsana se vidita hotA hai ki zabdAnuzAsana ke kartA bhaTTAkalaMka ke guru bhaTTAkalaMka ne prathama zrIraMga rAya (san 1573 -1584) kI rAjasabhA meM unako preraNA se sAratraya evaM alaMkAranaya ko par3hakara kIrti samarjita kI thii| isa zAsana se yaha bhI jJAta hai ki zabdAnuzAsanakartA bhaTTAkalaGka prathama veGkaTapati rAya (san 1586-1617) ke zAsanakAla meM jIvita the| isa digdarzana se yaha bAta jAnane meM aba jarA bhI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA hai ki vijayanagara ke sAmrAjya-zAsana-samaya meM jainI sukhapUrvaka nirvAdharUpa se apane dharmakarma kA pAlana karate the| balki dakSiNa kannar3a jile meM zAsana karanevAle ajila jaina rAjavaMza ke eka vizeSa vaktavya (kaiphiyata) se patA lagatA hai ki isa vaMza kA sambandha vijayanagara sAmrAjya se bhI thaa| isakA vivaraNa yoM hai : isa vaMza ke pUrvaja timmaNNa ajila ke maraNoparAnta isa rAjavaMza meM kevala do striyA~ raha gayI thiiN| inameM se eka vidhavA aura dUsarI kumArI thii| ye donoM sagI bahaneM thiiN| timmaNNa ajila ke zatra oM ne inake mara jAne para inakI sabhI cala athavA acala sampattiyoM ko lUTa-khasoTa kara donoM striyoM ko nissahAya banA diyaa| aisI dazA meM ina donoM ne vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke zAsaka ke pAsa jA apanA pUrva paricaya-pradAnapUrvaka * ullikhita pramANoM ke liye "da0 kannar3a jilleya prAcIna itihAsa" dekheN| "karNATaka kavicarite" ke 2va bhAga kI avataraNikA dekheM /

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136 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 aba apanI dayanIya dazA kA kaccA ciTThA kaha sunAyA / vijayanagara ke sAmrAjya - zAsaka ne inakI duravasthA para tarasa khA inheM AzvAsana evaM abhayadAna dekara apane yahA~ rakha liyA / balki unake vaMza kA prakRta patA lagA kara usa svabhAva-sundarI ukta kumArI se apanI zAdI bhI karalI / isa navavivAhitA strI ke garbha se vijayanagara sAmrAjya - zAsaka ko timmaNNa rAya aura kAmi rAya nAmake do putraratna utpanna hue / ina donoM lar3akoM ke rakSaNa, bharaNa evaM poSaNa bar3I satarkatA ke sAtha hue| bAda ina donoM bhAiyoM ke taruNa ho jAne para inakI mausI vidhavA ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA ki hamasaboM ne atyanta apamAnita hokara ApakI zaraNa lI thii| hama saboM ke saubhAgyodaya se Apa jaise mAnanIya sahRdaya zAsaka kI chatrachAyA meM rahakara isa samunnatAvasthA ko prApta karane kI suvidhA upalabdha huI / mujhe ina donoM baccoM ko sAtha lekara apanI janmabhUmi kA darzana kI hArdika utkaNThA ho rahI hai - AzA hai ki Apa merI yaha vinIta prArthanA svIkRta kareMge / rAjA ne yaha prArthanA saharSa kabUla karalI / aura ina donoM lar3akoM ko usa vidhavA ke sAtha unakI janmabhUmi ko bhejakara maMgaLUru prAnta ke kucha hisse bar3e lar3ake timmaNNa rAya aura kucha hisse choTe lar3ake kAmi rAya ko dekara inheM apane apane prAntoM kA zAsaka banA diyaa| balki adhika snehabhAjana hone kI vajaha se apane choTe lar3ake ina kAmi rAya ko kucha adhika hissA diyA / isake bAda bar3e lar3ake timmaNNa rAya eNUru meM aura choTe kAmi saya nandAvara meM bhinna bhinna do rAjadhAnI banAkara sukha se rahane lge| bar3e timmaNa rAya kA vaMza ajila aura choTe kAmi rAya kA vaMza baMga ke nAma se prasiddha hue / ina donoM ke vaMzaja Aja bhI maujUda haiN| abhI to ye janI huI haiM kintu aitihAsika pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki yaha vaMza pahale hindU thA / * anta meM maiM vijayanagara ke sambandha meM suhRdvara bAbU hIrAlAla jI ema0e0, ela0ela0, bo0 kA mata nIce jyoM kA tyoM uddhRta kiye detA hU~ : "isa vaMza ke nareza yadyapi hindU the para jainadharma kI ora unakI dRSTi sahAnubhUtipUrNa rahatI thI / isakA bar3A bhArI pramANa bukka rAya kA vaha zilA lekha hai jisameM unakI bar3I sahRdayatA ke sAtha jainiyoM aura vaiSNavoM ke bIca sandhi sthApita karane kA vivaraNa hai| bijayanagara ke hindU narezoM ke samaya meM rAjyagharAne ke kucha vyaktiyoM ne jainadharma svIkAra kiyA thA / udAharaNArtha harihara dvitIya ke senApati ke eka putra va 'uga' nAmaka eka rAjakumAra jaina dharmAvalambI ho gaye the / ( 'madrAsa va maisUra prAnta ke prAcIna jainasmAraka' kI bhUmikA pRSTha 14 ) * isa vaMza kA yaha vizeSa vaktavya ( kaiphiyata ) "suvAsini" sampura : saMcike 1 meM dekheM /

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nisidhi ke sambandha meM do zabda (le0 - pro0 zrIyuta e0 ena0 upAdhye) kanar3I aura saMskRta ke aneka jaina zilAlekhoM meM 'nisidhi' zabda pAyA jAtA hai / kintu usakA akSara - vinyAsa (spelling) sarvatra eka sA nahIM hai / kanar3I ke zilAlekhoM meM usake bhinna bhinna rUpa pAyeM jAte haiM yathA 'niSidi' 'niSidhi' 'nisidi' nisidhi' 'nisiddhI' 'nisidhiga' aura niSTiga / ' uttara karnATaka meM Ajataka bhI 'nisiddI' zabda pracalita hai / saMskRta ke zilAlekhoM meM usake 'niSidhi' 'niSadyakA' aura 'niSadyA" rUpa pAye jAte haiM / isake rUpoM kI vibhinnatA mUla zabda tathA usakI banAvaTa ke Upara prakAza DAlane ke liye kisI ko bhI lAlAyita kara sakatI hai / aneka zilAlekhoM ke adhyayana karane se isa zabda kA artha bilkula spaSTa ho jAtA hai / mRtyu ke bAda banAye jAnevAle usa DhAMce yA makAna ko 'niSadyA' kahate haiM jo saMbhavataH usa sthAna para banAyA jAtA thA jahA~ kisI pUjya sAdhu ne apane antima zvAsa pUre kiye the yA jahAM para usakA zarIra jalAyA jAtA thA athavA jahA~ para usakI asthiyA~ gAr3I jAtI thiiN| isa prakAra kI samAdhiyA~ prAyaH cabUtare ke rUpa meM pAI jAtI haiM / cabUtare ke cAroM konoM para cAra khambhe hote haiM aura una para eka gumbajadAra bhArI chatarI hotI hai jo patthara yA IMToM se banAyI jAtI hai| kabhI kabhI kevala cabUtarA hI hotA / cabUtare para mRta - sAdhu ke padacihna aura kahIM kahIM mUrti' bhI aGkita hotI hai| adhikatara padacihnoM ke pAsa eka zilAlekha rahatA hai usase mRtasAdhu kA paricaya tathA usake antima hAlAta mAlUma hote haiM aura smAraka ke nirmAtA kA bhI patA calatA hai / bahuta se jaina granthoM meM dharAtala meM UMce caurasa sthAnoM kA ( seats) varNana milatA 1 i0 sI02, naM0 64, 126, 272, 62, 15 16, 85, 12, 103, 104, 112, 273, 117,18, 65 Adi / 2 i0 sI0 2, naM 0 . 66 isameM 'niSidyAlayam ' vAkya AyA hai; 65, 63, 254 // 3 udAharaNa ke liye --koppala meM candrasena nisidi - jayakarnATaka, X, 10 aura kAgavAr3A meM nAgacandra -- nisidi, jinavijaya XXVI 4 belgola ke aise bahuta se zilAlekha / 5 dekho, nisIhiyA kA varNana, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1664 - 67 ( kolhApura saMskaraNa pRSTha 172 se), zAstrasArasamuccaya pRSTha 170 se (belagA~va saMskaraNa) /

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138 [ bhAga 2 hai / ina para baiThakara jainasAdhu sallekhanA dhAraNa karate the / koppala tathA jainoM ke anya pavitra sthAnoM para isa prakAra kI vedikA yAja bhI surakSita haiN| jo zabda aprasiddha hote haiM unakI vyAkhyA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / jaba hama saMskRta meM 'niSadyakA' aura 'niSadyA ' tathA kar3I meM niSadi aura niSIdI rUpa dekhate haiM taba hameM isameM koI sandeha nahIM rahatA ki yaha zabda 'ni' upasarga pUrvaka 'sad' dhAtu se banA hai aura usake do rUpa niSadyA aura niSIdikA - - avazya pracalita hone caahiye| jinakA artha-Asana, baiThane kA sthAna, vizrAmasthala aura 'kucha dhArmika kriyAoM ke kAma meM Ane vAlA sthAna vizeSa' Adi hote haiM / Ajakala jo niziyAM milatI haiM ve bhI kisI na kisI sAdhu ke vAsasthAna haiM jahA~ unhoMne mRtyu ke pUrva apane dina bitAye the yA antima samAdhi dhAraNa kI thI / isase bhI hamArI ukta dhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai / bhAskara kintu 'niSidhi' 'nisidhi' 'nisadhig' aura 'nisIdhi' ina rUpoM meM Aye hue 'dha' ko kaise samajhAyA jAya ? isa zabda ke prAkRta rUpa para dhyAna dene se 'gha' kI samasyA saralatA se hala kI jA sakatI hai / prAkRta meM 'niSIdikA' kA 'nisIhiyA' rUpa banatA hai / sAdhAraNatayA 'ha' 'dha' ke tulya ho sakatA hai| yadyapi 'da' kA 'ha' ho jAnA svAbhAvika nahIM hai| kintu isa prakAra ke udAharaNa pAye jAte haiM jaise kakuda - kakuha' / jaina granthoM meM jainasAdhuoM ke jIvanI tathA smArakoM ke varNana meM 'nisidhi' zabda kA prAkRta rUpa bahudhA pAyA jAtA hai yathA", "nisedhikI - niSIdasthAnam, Aha ca jIvAbhigama mUla TIkAkRtanisedhakI niSIdasthAnamiti" / kucha sthaloM para isakA artha svAdhyAyazAlA bhI pAyA jAtA hai / astu, isa zabda kA saMskRta anuvAda pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai, zAyada TIkAkAra bhI isake viSaya meM saMdigdha thA aura isIliye apane se prAcIna lekhaka kA uddharaNa dekara vaha apane uttaradAyitva se baca jAtA hai| Adhunika kanar3I lekhaka mukhyatayA jaina, saMskRta zabdoM ke apabhraMza ke liye sarvadA prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA Azraya lete haiM / phalasvarUpa ke prAkRta 'misIhiyA' rUpa ke sAtha - jo ki unakI dRSTi meM thA - unhoMne kanar3I ke zilAlekhoM meM 'gha' ko sthAna de diyA / kinhIM kinhIM rUpoM meM 'ddha' bhI pAyA jAtA hai / niSadyA aura fruttaar (prA0 nisIhiyA) ina do rUpoM kI gar3abar3I kA hI yaha pariNAma hai| jaisA ki saMskRta ke 'sugati' aura 'sadgati' ina do rUpoM kI gar3abar3I se 'sugAI' rUpa bhI pAyA I 1 hemacandra kA prAkRta vyAkaraNa 1 - 225 / 2 rAba prasenIyasutta, sUkha naM0 28 meM 'nisIhiya' zabda AyA hai aura usa para malayagiri kI TIkA meM yaha vAkya hai - zrAgamodayasamiti kA saMskaraNa pR0 63 / 3 uttarAdhyayana] 28, 3 meM suggaI prayoga pAyA jAtA hai /

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kiraNa 4] nisidhi ke sambandha meM do zabda jAtA hai| jaba kisI zabda kA mUla dRSTi se zrojhala ho jAtA hai taba usake sthAna meM koI bhI azuddha rUpa pracalita hone lagatA hai| kanar3I kA 'niSTiga'' aura saMskRta 'nisidhi' isI koTi ke rUpa haiN| khAravela ke zilAlekha ko pandrahavIM paMkti meM 'nisIdiya' zabda AtA hai| ythaa'bhrhtnisiidiysmiipe'| vahA~ yaha zabda spaSTa rUpa se 'ahaMn' ke agnisaMskAra ke sthAna para banAye gaye smAraka ko batalAtA hai| isa smAraka kA AkAra zAyada bahuta kucha prAMtIya banAvaTa ke Upara nirbhara hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM U~cA caukora cabUtarA banAyA jAtA hai| yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki khAravela ke zilAlekha ke 'nisIdiya' ko stUpa samajhanA upayukta hogA yA nahIM ? kucha zilAlekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki niSIdikA kA bar3A Adara thA aura usa sthAna para pUjA aura pratiSThA bhI hotI thiiN| - - i0 sI02, naM0 65 / 1 i0 sI0 2, naM0 117, 118, 128 ityAdi / 3 bhaNDArakara prAcya-vidyAmandira pUnA kI patrikA jilda 14 bhAga 3-4 se 60 kailAzacandra zAnadvArA anuvAdita / ON RAMA SAR

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zrIRSabhadeva bhagavAna kI jIvanI ke sAdhana (le0-zrIyuta muni himAMzuvijaya, nyAya-kAvya-tIrtha) adhunika zailI para tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra likhane ko AvazyakatA hai-so bhI prathama tIrthakara kI atydhik| yahAM para zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya meM RSabhadeva-saMbaMdhI ullekhoM ko upasthita kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara jaina grantha zvetAmbara granthoM ko maiM do bhAga meM vibhakta karatA hU~; eka to bhagavadbhASita aura gaNadhara-racita Agama-grantha aura dUsarA Agama se bhinna grantha jo bhinna bhinna Adarza AcAryoM se lokahita ke liye likhA gayA hai| zrAgama-grantha mUla AgamoM meM kisI tIrthaMkara kA carita ( jIvanI ) eka hI sAtha meM eka hI jagaha para prAyaH nahIM pAtA hai| kahIM kisI tIrthaMkara kI kucha bAta to kahIM anya tIrthaMkara kI bAta, aura kahIM saba tIrthaMkaroM kI dIkSA-sambandhI, AyuSya-sambandhI, mAtA-pitA-sambandhI bAta, aise bhinna bhinna dvAroM meM (prakaraNoM meM ) vikalita (truTita ) rItyA tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra Ate haiM; isI liye jaba taka sabhI AgamoM kA pUrA parizIlana na kiyA jAya taba taka pUrA patA nahIM cala sakatA hai| samavAyAMga 45 AgamoM meM samavAyAGa cauthA aMga ( Agama ) hai| isake Upara zrIabhayadeva sUri kA vivaraNa hai| yaha zrIAgamodaya-samiti sUrata se isvI san 1918 meM prakAzita huA hai| isa AvRtti ke anusAra zrIRSabhadeva aura bharatAdi ke sambandha kI bAteM nimna sUtra aura pRSThoM meM Ato haiN| sUtra saMkhyA | pRSTha saMkhyA 8 se 87 tk| 28 zrInAgamodayasamiti aura devacanda lAla bhAI pustakoddhAra phaMDa ke AgamoM ke pRSThoM meM eka ho tarapha pRSTha saMkhyA chapI hai, isaliye hamane bhI donoM tarapha kI ekahI pRSTha saMkhyA likhI hai| 104se105 taka sUta 150 aura 158 kI prAkRta gAthA pahalI se 33 gAthA taka /

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mUDabidrI ke candranAtha-caityAlaya ke khaMbhoM meM khudI huI hastakalA ke namUne (zrI esa0 candrarAja ke saujanya se)

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kiraNa 1] zrIRSabhadeva bhagavAna kI jIvanI ke sAdhana.......141 viSaya zrAvazyaka (pUrva bhAga) Avazyaka sUtra pUrva bhAga zrIbhadrabAhu svAmI kI niyukti zrImalayagiri AcArya ke vivaraNa: yukta zroAgamodaya-samiti sUrata se I0 san 1628 meM prakAzita huI hai| isakI gAthAoM meM kulakara, nAbhirAjA, bhagavAn RSabhadeva, bharatAdi ke sAtha sambandha rakhane vAlI bahuta sI vArtA AtI hai| isI AvRtti ke anusAra sthAna pRSThAdi nimnarIsyA haiM: gAthA saMkhyA / pRSTha saMkhyA 146 se 166 taka pRSTha 153 se 157 taka kulakaroM kA adhikAra vistAra se / gAthA 167 se 186 .,,, 157 ,, 113 , zrIRSabha deva bhagavAn ke pUrva bhava, samyaktva-prApti ke upAya, janmAbhiSeka aura ikSvAku-kula kI utpatti ityAdi kA vistAra se varNana / 188, 296, 163, 221, bhagavAn kI bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA, vivAha, rAjya vyavasthA, samAjavyavasthA, zilpa, karma, kalA, zikSA aura sAdhu-sAdhvI Adi kI sNkhyaa|| , 266 ,, 346 ,, , 214 ,, 232, bharata vAhubali prabhRti putroM ko rAjya-bhAga denA, dAna, dIkSA, tApasa-prathA kA prAraMbha, nami aura vinami kI sevA, eka varSa taka nirjalAhAra, tapa, zrIyAMsa ke hAtha se pAraNA, kevalajJAna, bharata ko cakra kI prApti honA tathA bhagavAn kI kevalotpatti, bharata-vAhubali kA yuddha, vAhubali ko kevalajJAnAdi / , 350 ,436 ,, , 23 marIci ke tridaNDi veSa-AcAra kA varNana, sAMkhya-mata ko usake kapilaziSya se utpatti, brAhmaNa zabda kI utpatti, prAcIna vedoM kI utpatti, bhagavAna kA nirvANo. ssavAdi, bharata rAjA ko Adarza gRha meM kevalajJAnAdi / 247 sthAnAGga (dUsarA bhAga) yaha tIsarA aGga hai| isake upara zrIabhayadeva sUri kI TIkA Agamodaya-samiti sUrata se I. san 1920 meM prakAzita huI hai| isameM kahIM kahIM kulakara, zrIRSabhadevAdi ke viSaya meM kucha kucha ullekha milatA hai| - sUta saMkhyA | pRSTha saMkhyA viSaya susa 115 se567taka pRSTha 466 vimala vAhana kA zarIra pramANa, zrIRSabhadeva kA tIrtha / pravartana samayAdi / ..... ...... ... .... ................ pravatana |

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 jambadvIpa-prajJapti __ (prathama bhAga) isa Agama meM jambUdvIpa ke varNana ke anantara bharatakSetra kA varNana karate hue kulakaroM se lekara bharata cakravartI ke mokSa taka kA vRttAnta vistAra se likhA hai| isake Upara zrIzAnticandra kI vistRta aura sundara TIkA hai| mUla sUtra ke vRttAnta ko TIkA meM bahuta vistRta kiyA hai| yaha prathama bhAga devacaMda khAna bhAI pustakoddhAra-phaMDa sUrata se san 1920 meM prakAzita huA hai| isa prathama bhAga meM nimna sUtra bhaura pRSThoM meM nimnalikhita vRttAnta AtA hai| sUtra saMkhyA | pRSTha saMkhyA viSaya sUtra 28 se 26 taka pRSTha 112 se 134 taka sumati Adi kulakaroM ke nAma hakkArAdi nIti aadi| , 30 se 33 taka , 35 se 164 ,, bhagavAn RSabhadevajI kA janma, samAja, rAjyavyavasthA, cAra hajAra patriyoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kA varNana, bhagavAn kI municaryA kA varNana, unake gaNadhara-sAdhu Adi ko saMkhyA, bhagavAn kA saMhanana, kumArAvasthA Adi kA kAla, nirvANa, indrAdi dvArA nirvANotsava, aura tIsare Are kI 34 se 40 taka ,114 se 178 ,, __ cauthe, pA~cave, chaThe Are kA vRttAnta / / 11 se 1 taka ,, 178 se 281, bhAratavarSa kA varNana, bhArata nAma par3ane kA kAraNa, vinItA kA varNana, bharata ke rAjya kA varNana, cakra kI . prApti aura pUjotsava, SaT-khaNDa kI sAdhanA kA vistAra se varNana, ApAta kirAtoM ke sAtha yuddha, azvaratnAdi 14 rakhoM kI prApti, RSabhakUTa meM apanA nAma likhanA, nami-vinami kI sAdhanA, pazcima dizA kI sAdhanA, bharata cakravartI kA vinItA meM praveza, bharata ke cakravartitva kA abhiSeka, bharata cakravartI kI rAjya-samRddhi kA varNana, bharata kA kevalajJAna, muni-veSa kA grahaNa aura mokss| kalpasUtra isa graMtha kI prasiddhi zvetAmbara jainoM meM aura graMthoM kI apekSA se bahuta jyAdA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki pratyeka paryuSaNoM mahAparva ke samaya isa graMtha ko munirAja Adyanta bA~cate haiM aura zrAvakazrAvikAyeM sunatI hai / isa pratha ko nau bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake nau vyAkhyAnoM meM pUrA karane kI praNAlI

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kiraNa 4 ] RSabhadeva bhagavAna kI jIvanI ke sAdhana 143 isake banAnevAle urddharetA (mahAtmA) mahAjJAnI caturdaza pUrvadhArI zrIbhadravAhu svAmI haiM / inhoMne#. navameM pUrva meM se uddhAra karake dazAzru ta skandha ke AThaveM adhyAya ke rUpa meM isa kalpasUla ko banAyA hai| isake andara paramAtmA mahAvIra kA Adarza jIvana caritra vistAra se AtA hai| isake sivAya zrIpArzvanAtha Adi kA bhI jIvanacaritra saMkSepa se AtA hai " teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM usame arahAkosa lie cau uttarAsADhe abhIi paMcame hotthA " // sUta 204 pRSTha 226 se sUla 228 pRSTha 245 taka bhagavAn zrIRSabhadeva kA jIvana caritra isameM AtA hai / zrIvinaya vijayopAdhyAya jI kI racita subodhikA TIkA + ke sAtha yaha kalpa sUkha zrIAtmAnanda sabhA bhAvanagara se san 1915 meM prakAzita huA hai| isakI TIkA meM bhI bhagavAn zrIRSabhadeva kA jIvana caritra vistAra se aura sundararItyA AtA hai| nIce likhe hue sUtroM meM aura pRSThoM meM nIce likhA huA vRttAnta bhAtA hai : sUta saMkhyA pRSTha saMkhyA viSaya sUsa 204 se 201taka pRSTha 223 se 231 taka " 210 " 211 se 212 99 "" 213 se 228. g "" 231 se 232, " 233 se 240 "" 240 se 245 39 "9 zrIRSabhadeva bhagavAna kA vyavana (garbha meM AnA), janmotsava | bhagavAn ke RSabhAdi pA~ca nAma / kumArAvasthA, puruSoM ko 72 aura striyoM ko 64 kalAoM kA upadeza, rAjyAbhiSeka, dIkSotsava, bhagavAn kI carcA, kevalajJAna | bhagavAn ke gaNadhara sAdhu zrAvaka-zrAvikAdi kI saMkhyA, kumArAvAsa, rAjyaparibhogAdi ke kAla kI saMkhyA, moca, yugAntabhUmyAdi, zrIRSabhadeva aura zrImahAvIra ke tathA Agama lekhana - kAla meM kAla ke antara kI saMkhyA / zrIzrAvazyaka sUtra kA bhASya (prathama bhAga ) yaha bhASya zrIbhadravAhu svAmI ke pahale kA honA cAhiye, pahale likhI huI Avazyaka niryukti se vaha bhinna hai / zrIAgamodaya samiti sUrata dvArA yaha I0 san 1916 meM prakAzita huA hai / yaha bhAgya niyukti aura zrIharibhadrasUrI kI TIkA ke sAtha chupA hai / inake andara zrImahAvIra svAmI ke tIsare bhava kA varNana karate hue "caiUNa deva logA ihaceva va bhArahaMmI vAsaMmI izkhAgakule jAo usabhasuasuomatI" // gAthA 148 pRSTha 106 se lekara "sesANaM unmuayaNaM saMvego nArA dIkkhAya // " gAthA 436 pRSTha 161 taka vistAra se zrIRSabhadeva kA caritra AtA hai / * saMgha caturdazapUrvaM vidya gapradhAna zrIbhadrabAhu svAmI dazAzru taskandhasyASTamAdhyayanatajA pratyAkhyAnapravAdAbhidhAna navamapUrvAduddhRtya kalpasUtra racitavAn // subodhikA TIkA pRSTa 8 + isake Upara karIba 30 TIkA saMskRta meM banI haiN| aura DaoN0 yAkobI, tathA zuciMga, Adi vidvAnoM ne isakA praGgarejI tathA jarmana Adi bhASAoM meM anuvAda bhI kiyA hai /

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144 ... . bhAskara [ bhAga 2 isake alAvA bhagavatI Adi sUtra aura una para bhinna bhinna bhASya TIkAoM meM zrIRSabhadeva kA caritra AtA hogA parantu apanI A~khoM se dekhe binA niyata sthAnAdi maiM kaise likha sakatA huuN| AgamoM se bhinna grantha bhAgoM se bhinna granthoM ke maiM pA~ca bhAga karatA hUM, jinameM bhagavAn zrIRSabhadeva ke nAmAdi kA uklekha AtA hai| kisI viSaya ke prantha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke taura para zrIRSabhadeva kA nAma tathA stuti ho / jaise zrIhemacandrAcArya ke mukhya ziSya mahAn nATyazAstrajJa zrIrAmacandra-racita 'satyaharizcacandra nATaka' parama zrAvaka vAgbhaTTakRta 'vAgbhaTAlaMkAra' 'vijyshprstyaadi| 2 jo RSabhadeva-viSayaka strotra stuti tathA mahAtmya vAle hoM jaise :- mAnatuMga sUrikRta 'bhaktAmara', mahAkavi dhanapAla kI 'RSabhapaMcAzikA' ityAdi / 3 jo Agama zailI ke grantha yA TIkAya ho, jaise 'pravacanasAroddhAra', kalpasUtrAdi kI sabhI TIkAeM vizeSAvazyabhASya aadi| 4 jo rasa aura atizayokti upamA prabhRti alaMkArAdi kAvya guNoM se bharI huI varNanazailI ke kAvya hoM, jaise 'jainakumArasambhava' nAbheyadvisandhAna Adi / 5 jo grantha RSabhadeva-viSayaka choTI se lekara bar3I aitihAsika bAtoM ko rasamayI bhASA meM . prakaTa karane vAle hoN| jaise triSaSTizalAkA-puruSa-caritra aadi| ina pA~ca prakAra ke granthoM meM se bhagavAn kI jIvanI likhane ke liye AkhIra ke tIna prakAra ke grantha hI vizeSa upayukta ho sakate haiM, isI liye inake viSaya meM kucha paricaya denA ucita hogaa| ina granthoM kI pRSTha viSayAdi kI sUcI lekha kI kAyA dIrgha ho jAne ke bhaya se maiM nahIM duuNgaa| pravacanasAroddhAra pravacana yAnI Agama unakA sAra, yaha grantha Agama nahIM hai parantu bhinna bhinna AgoM meM Ane vAle bhinna bhinna dvAroM (viSayoM) kA isa grantha meM prAkRta bhASA meM saMgraha kiyA hai| vAramI zatAbdI ke zrInemicandrasUri ne isa grantha ko likhA hai / isake Upara prauDha vidvAn zrI siddhasenasUri ne saMskRta meM vistRta TIkA likhI hai / prastuta TokAyukta yaha grantha zrIyuna devacaMdalAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAraphaMDa sarata se I0 san 1922 meM prakAzita huA hai / isameM caityavandanAdi 276 dvAra (viSaya-prakaraNa) hai, jisameM dvAra pRSTha naM. 82 se lekara saba tIrthaMkaroM ke Adi gaNadhara, Adi sAdhvI vagairoM ke nAma viSaya (dvAra)naM0 36 pRSTa naM0 100 taka Ate haiN|

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kiraNa 4 ] . zrIRSabhadeva bhagavAna ke jIvanI ke sAdhana ke sAdhana 145 jainakumAra-sambhava isa grantha ke kartA mahAkavi zrI jayazekhara sUri haiN| isa grantha kA nAma dene meM kAlidAsa kA anukaraNa hai aura kumArasambhava kI taraha isakI racanA bhI komala evaM praur3ha hai, parantu zRGgAra-bahula varNana isameM nahIM hai / yaha grantha mahAkAvya kI zailI kA hone se raghuvaMzAdi kI taraha, yamaka, udAtta, upamA, utprekSA, atizayokti Adi AlaMkArika zlokoM se bharA huA hai| isameM ayodhyA ke tathA zraRSabhadeva bhagavAn ke janma Adi kA kAvyadRSTi se varNana kiyA hai| zrAvaka bhImasiMha mANeka baMbai vAle ne isako gujarAtI anuvAdasahita prakAzita kiyA hai| isakA Adima zloka yaha hai - astyuttarasyAM dizi kozaleti, purI parItA paramadhilokaiH / nivezayAmAsa puraH priyAyAH, svasyA vayasyAmiva yAM dhanezaH // 1 // alaMkAra saMpannakAmA nayanAbhirAmAH, sadaiva jIvatprasavA avAmAH / yatrojjhitAnyapramadAvalokA adRSTazokA nyavizaMta lokAH // 2 // (jainakumAra-sambhava) triSaSThizalAkA-puruSacaritra vAramI zatAbdI ke sarva-vidyA-vizArada zrIhemacandrasUri ne kAlidAsa jaisI apanI prAsAdika prauDha kavitA meM triSaSTizalAkA-puruSa-caritra ko padyabaddha banAyA hai / isameM 25 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 1 vAsudeva, 6 prativAsudeva aura 6 baladeva ina 63 zalAkA ( uttama ) puruSoM ke vistAra se pUre caritra haiN| ataeva isakA yathAguNa nAma hai, isa grantha meM sArA jaina itihAsa tathA tatvajJAna A jAtA hai| yaha grantha karIba 36000 zloka kA hai| isake daza parva (bhAga) pAr3e haiN| prathama parva meM paramAtmA zrIRSabhadeva tathA bharata cakravartI Adi kI jIvanI vistAra se karIba 5000 hajAra zlokoM meM likhI hai| prathama parva ke 6 sarga haiM / pahile sarga meM bhagavAn ke 12 pUrva bhavoM kA varNana, dUsare meM kulakaroM kA vRttAnta, janmotsavAdi, tIsare meM dIkSAmahotsava, kevalajJAna, tIrthapravartanAdi kA varNana, cauthe sarga meM bharata cakravartI kA digvijaya, bhagavAn ke 60 putroM kI dIkSA Adi kA varNana, pA~caveM meM bharata bAhubali ke buddha kA varNana aura cha? sarga meM kaivalyAvasthA meM bhagavAn kA vihAra, aSTApada Upara nirvANotsava, bharata kA kevala jJAna Adi kA varNana AtA hai| yaha mUla grantha zrIjainadharma prasAraka-sabhA bhAvanagara se pUrA prakaTa huA hai / isake prathama sarga kA iMglIza anuvAda DA0 pro0 banArasIdAsa jaina ema0 e0, ne kiyA hai jo Jain Jataks ke nAma se motIlAla banArasIdAsa ne apane The Punjab sanskrit depot Lahore se san 1925 meM prakaTa kiyA hai / isake pariziSTa parva kA glIza aura jarmana bhanuvAda chapa cukA hai aura DA0 misa jonsana ( amerikana viduSI)

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bhAskara [ bhAga 3 ne isakA iMglIza anuvAda zurU se karane kA kAma uThAyA hai, isI liye zivapurI meM karIba chaH mahIne raha kara isane munirAjoM ke pAsa etadviSayaka abhyAsa kiyA thaa| sAre grantha kA gujarAtI anuvAda do jagaha se huA hai-kucha bhAga kA hindI anuvAda bhI huA hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha RSabhacaritroM kI apekSA isameM vistAra se caritra likhA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se zrIjinasenAcArya kA mahApurANa isakI paddhati kA grantha kahA jA sakatA hai| isake alAvA bhagavAn ke caritra-viSayaka hastalikhita granthoM ke nAma aura sthAna nIce likhe jAte haiM / grantha kA nAma granthakartA prAptisthAna nAbheya nemi dvisandhAna-kAvya zrIhemacandrAcArya pATaNa prAcIna bhaMDAra naM01,jhavarIvADA, pATaNa mAbhinandanoddhAra-prabandha DelAkA bhaMDAra ahamadAvAda RSabhollAsa-kAnya DelA kA bhaMDAra ahamadAvAda bharatavAhubali-kAnna zrIvijayadharma lakSmI jJAna-maMdira AgarA bAhubalicaritra jaisalamera ( mAravAr3a) bharatacaritra (prAkRta) Dekkana koleja pUnA bhI AdinAtha-caritra (prAkRta) zrISaddha mAna sUri jainetara grantha meM Rgveda, yajurveda, mahAbhArata, matsyapurANa, viSNupurANa, zikSAtrayI, nyAnyabindu prabhRti meM bhagavAn zrI RSabhadeva ke sambandha meM stuti athavA nAmollekha AtA hai| bhAgavata meM to maiMne saba se jyAdA dekhA / pA~ca veM skandha meM adhyAya tIsare (3) se lekara navameM (6) adhyAya taka. zrIRSabhadeva kA tathA bharatakA caritra hai| isake atirikta aura bhI bahuta zvetAmbara jaina aura jainetara pranthoM meM bhagavAn ke sambandha meM bahuta kucha AtA hogaa| etadviSayaka vidvAnoM se merI prArthanA hai ki ve loga apane jJAna kA lAbha janatA ko deN| jo vidvAn veda, brAhmaNa, upaniSada, purANa va anya prAcIna sAhitya kA adhyayana va avalokana kareM, unheM ukta prakAra ke ullekha noTa kara ke prakAzita kara denA caahiye| noTa- vRhahipanikA nAmaka prAcIna prAmANika sUcI meM isa grantha kA nAma hai, jo jaina sAhityasaMzodhaka bhAga 1 ke dUsare aMka meM chapI hai| 2 yadyapi maiM zvetAmbara digaMbarAdi bhedakArI nAma likhanA pasanda nahIM karatA hUM kintu prastuta lekha zvetAmbara granthoM ke viSaya meM likhA hone se yahA~ para bArabAra yaha zabda majabUrana likhanA hI par3atA hai|

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silAra raTTarAja kA nayA zilAlekha aura jainadharma (le0-zrIyuta bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina) jainadharma kSatriyoM kA dharma hai| usakA pratipAdana aura vikAsa kSatriyoM dvArA huA hai| kSatriya vaMza ke bar3e bar3e rAjA aura mahArAjAoM ne usakI zAMtikAriNI zaraNa meM raha kara apane nAma ko amara kiyA hai| aitihAsika kAla ke prasiddha samrAT candragupta maurya, ailakhAravela, amoghavarSa, kumArapAla Adi bhAratIya rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI the aura ve bhAja apanI kisI na kisI vizeSatA ke kAraNa bhAratIya itihAsa meM anupama haiN| dasavIM zatAbdI meM digambara jainadharma kA pracAra dakSiNa bhArata meM acche paimAne para thaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM taba rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjAoM kI pradhAnatA thI aura unako jainadharma se prema thaa| digambara jaina munijana rAjyAzraya ko pAkara nizcintatA-pUrvaka ahiMsAmaya dharma kA pracAra taba kara rahe the| kintu jainadharma kA yaha abhyudaya par3osa ke zaiva logoM ko akhara gayA aura pArasparika IrSyA-kalaha kA yuddha chir3a gyaa| aise hI samaya meM eka silAra vaMza ke rAjA, jainadharma-bhukta hue the| vaha pahale zaiva the| itihAsa bhI kala ta kaunheM zaiva mAna rahA thaa| kintu unake navIna lekhoM ke prakAza meM Ane se isa dharmaparivartana kA patA cala gayA hai yaha rAjA valipaTTana ke raTTarAja the| silAra raTTarAja ke tIna tAmrapatra mile haiM, jinameM se eka para donoM ora lekha aGkita hai| ye tAmrapatra kahA~ se mile, isakA patA nahIM cltaa| hA~, yaha sva0 pro0 esa0 Ara0 bhANDArakara ke pAsa the aura aba unake bhAI pro0 DI0 Ara0 bhANDArakara ne unako zrIyuta hAraNacandra cakalAdAra ko de diyA hai / cakalAdAra mahAzaya ne unako par3ha liyA hai aura unakA paricaya eka lekha-dvArA karAyA hai| yaha lekha kalakatte ke 'inDiyana hisTaoNrIkala kvArTI' nAmaka patra meM (bhAga 4 pR. 203-220) prakaTa huA hai| usI kA sArAMza dhanyavAdapUrvaka pAThakoM ke avalokanArtha yahAM upasthita kiyA jAtA hai| upalabdha lekha meM silAra mahAmaNDalIka raTTarAja ke bhUmidAna kA ullekha hai| yaha rAjA dakSiNa koDaNa deza ke silAravaMza se sambandhita thaa| isakA eka pUrva-lekha khArepATana se pahale milA thA, jise pro0 kIlahaoNrna ne 'ipIgrophiyA inDikA (bhA0 3 pRSTha 292) meM prakaTa kiyA thaa| vaha zaka saMvat 130 kA hai aura prastuta lekha, arthAt jo pro0 bhANDArakara ko milA thA atha ca jisakA ullekha yahA~ ho rahA hai, usa para zaka saM0 932

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bhAskara [bhAga 2 maGkita hai| isaliye donoM lekhoM meM kevala do varSa kA antara hai / donoM lekhoM ke lekhaka bhI lokapArya nAmaka sajana haiN| vaha sandhivigrahika-maMtrI devapAlake putra the| donoM meM sAhaNya bhI khUba hai, parantu vilakSaNatA bhI kucha kama nahIM hai| prastuta lekha kA Arambha 'svasti' zabda se hotA hai aura maMgalAcaraNa ke bAda 4-32 paMktiyoM meM raTTarAja ke vaMza kA paricaya hai, jo khArepATana ke lekha ke samAna hai| usase isameM koI khAsa vizeSatA hai to vaha svayaM raTTarAja ke sambandha meM hai| ina do varSoM ke antara meM usake dharmaparivartana ke sAtha sAtha rAjyotkarSa bhI ho gayA thaa| prastuta lekha ke maMgalAcaraNa meM eka udArabhAva spaSTa hai| isameM kisI khAsa devatA kA stavana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isake pratikUla khArepATana ke lekha meM spaSTataH 'OM namaH zivAya' likhA hai| isa lekha meM brAhmaNoM kA ullekha sAmAnyarUpa se kiyA gayA hai-gotra Adi likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhI gaI hai| yadyapi dAna brAhmaNoM ke prati kiyA gayA hai, parantu kisI dhArmika kArya ke liye nhiiN| ina saba bAtoM se raTTarAja ke dhArmika zraddhAna meM par3A huA antara spaSTa hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki usakA vizvAsa jainadharma ke prati ho gayA thA, kyoMki lekha kA prAraMbha 'svasti' zabda se kiyA gayA hai, jaise ki jaina lekhoM meM aksara hotA hai| itane para bhI yadyapi raTTarAja kA anurAga jainamata kI ora ho gayA thA, parantu vaha apanI bahusaMkhyaka brAhmaNa-dharmAnuyAyI prajA kA dila nahIM dukhAnA cAhatA thaa| isIliye usane maMgalAcaraNa meM kisI khAsa devatA kA smaraNa nahIM kiyA hai / * ___ raTTarAja ke samaya meM dakSiNa bhArata meM jainamuniyoM dvArA dharmapracAra khUba ho rahA thaa| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjyakAla meM jainadharma kA sUrya madhyAhna meM thaa| aura silAravaMza ke rAjA rASTrakUToM ke karada the| jainAcArya zrIsamantabhadra jI ne silAravaMzI kI eka dUsarI zAkhA kI rAjadhAnI karahAr3a (Karhad) meM pahuMca kara vahAM ke rAjA ko sambodhana kiyA thaa| isa Azaya ke do zloka zravaNabelagola kI malliSeNa-prazasti meM aGkita haiM / / rASTrakUToM meM * lekha meM zloka ke prAraMbhika zabda spaSTa prakaTa nahIM hote aura vartamAna rUpa meM jaise ve par3he gaye haiM, unase unakI vyAkaraNa kI asambaddhatA prakaTa hai| sambhava hai, ki yahAM vItarAgadeva kA spaSTa ullekha huA ho|-anu0 - ipI0 inDikA, 3 pRSTha 186 : 'pUrva pATaliputra-madhyanagare bherI mayA tAr3itA, pazcAnmAlava-sindhu-Thakka-viSaye kAJcIpure vaidishe| prApto'haM karahATakaM bahubhaTa vidyotkaTaM sngkttN|| .... vAdAI vicarAmyahannarapate zAI lavikrIr3itaM // 7 // ityAdi /

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bhAskara QEum TELLIGILATERMIRMITTITHIMATERTIMIDIMIT a mmmmmmmm kArakala ke gommaTezvara (dakSiNa bhAratIya kalA)

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kiraNa 4 ] silAra raTTarAja kA nayA zilAlekha aura jaina-dharma 146 samrATa amoghavarSa jainadharma ke eka mahAna saMrakSaka the| unakA lagabhaga san 814-878 taka cauMsaTha varSa kA vistRta rAjyakAla thA aura isa bar3e rAjyakAla meM jainadharma kA cAro ora khAsA pracAra huA thaa| rASTrakUToM ke pazcAt cAlukyoM kA abhyudaya huaa| raTTarAja kA sambandha inase bhI thaa| caulukya abhyudaya ke prAraMbhika kAla meM jainadharma kA utkarSa atuNNa banA rhaa| (bambaI gajeTiyara bhAga 1 khaNDa 2 pRSTha 208) kintu pUrvokta tAmralekha ke likhe jAne ke samaya dakSiNa bhArata ke jainoM aura zaivoM meM pArasparika spardhA khUba cala nikalI thii| cAlukya jayasiMha dvitIya san 2018 meM rAjyAdhikArI hue the aura vaha pahale jaina the| kintu apanI patnI suggaladevI ke prayatna se vaha zaiva dharmAnuyAyI ho gae the| itane para bhI kolhApura meM rAjya karanevAle silAravaMza kI zAkhA ke rAjAoM meM . jainadharma kA vizeSa prabhAva kAryakArI thA / sarvopari jisa dakSiNI marAThA pradeza meM raharAja kA rAjya thA, vahAM Ajataka jainadharma kA khUba pracAra hai| ... yaha pahale hI likhA jA cukA hai ki raTTarAja kA jainatva usake prastuta tAmralekha se spaSTa hai, kyoMki usameM binA kisI 'praNava' ke kevala 'svasti' zabda se hI--eka jaina DhaMga para usakA prAraMbha huA hai| jaina lekhoM ke prArambha meM 'zrI' zabda bhI milatA hai, jaise ki vijayAditya ke kolhApura vAle lekha meM hai| (ipI0 inDikA, bhAga 3, pRSTha 206) tisapara yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jina pA~ca bar3e maThoM ke prati raTTarAja ne sambodhana kiyA hai, unameM se koI jaina hoM ! (paJcamahAmaTha sthAna nagara hajamAna pradhAnAmAtyavargaH sNviditH|-pNkti35) ataH uparyukta bAtoM kA lihAja rakhate hue raTTarAja ko uparyukta tAmralekha likhate samaya jainadharmAnuyAyI huA, mAnanA anucita nahIM hai| ___ raTTarAja ke dharmaparivartana ke sAtha sAtha usake rAjyAdhikAra meM bhI antara par3A thaa| khArepATana ke apane lekha meM usane rASTrakUTabaMzI rAjAoM ko mAnyatA dI hai| parantu uparAnta meM unakA sthAna cAlukya tailapa ko mila gayA hai| cAlukya tailapa ne rASTrakUToM ko parAsta kara diyA thaa| tailapa ke bAda usakA putra satyAzraya rAjA huA thA aura raTTarAja ne apane ko usakA karada likhA hai| (parama bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja zrI satyAzrayadevAnubhyAtamaNDalIkazrIraTTarAja ) kintu prastuta lekha meM kisI ke rAjyAzraya svIkAra karane kA ullekha nahIM hai| raTTarAja kA svayaM apanA rAjya ho gayA thA aura usI rAjya ke antargata yaha lekha likhA gayA thaa| (zrI rahAryarAjarAjye ) isase spaSTa hai ki raTTarAja ne cAlukyoM * jarnala oNpha bambaI yAMca oNpha do rAyala aiziyATika so0 bhA0 13 pRSTha 17 va iNDiyana aiNTIkverI bhAga 12 pR0 102 / dakSiNa mahArASTra deza meM jainoM ke pA~ca maThoM kA astitva milatA hai|

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150 bhAskara [ bhAga 2 ko gulAmI kA paTTA utAra kara pheMka diyA thA aura vaha eka svAdhIna zAsaka bana baiThA thA ? pazcimI cAlukyoM kA tatkAlona (zaka saM0 630-632 ) itihAsa usake saMpUrNa isa sAhasI karma kA rahasya ughAr3a detA hai| usase prakaTa hai ki san 630 meM rAjarAja kezarIvarman ne satyAzraya ko parAsta kara diyA thaa| kintu itane para hI isa yuddha kA anta na ho gyaa| parAjita satyAzraya para rAjakezarIvarman ke uttarAdhikArI rAjendra cAladeva ne bhI dhAvA bola diyaa| isa lar3AI meM usane satyAzraya ke rAjya ko tabAha kara diyA thaa| baccoM, abalAoM aura brAhmaNoM ko talavAra ke ghATa utArA thaa| itane para bhI satyAzraya ne coloM ko san 1007 (zaka saM0930 ) meM raNakSetra se bhagA mArA thaa| isa prakAra yadyapi satyAzraya ne apane deza ko zatru oM se rahita kara diyA thA, parantu vaha adhika samaya taka na jiyA jo apane rAjya kI nIMva sudRr3ha kara paataa| aura usake uttarAdhikArI bhI ayogya nikle| isa paristhiti se raTTarAja ne lAbha uThAyA aura vaha svAdhIna zAsaka bana gyaa| svAdhInatA bhalA kise priya nahIM hai ? aba vaha 'mahAmaNDalIka' kahalAne lagA thA, unakA sandhivigrahika maMtrI devapAla aba 'mahAzrI' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita ho gayA thaa| ataH raTTarAja kA rAjyAbhyudaya bhI spaSTa hai| raTTarAja kI rAjadhAnI balipaTTana nAmaka mahAdurga thA; jisako sthApanA usake pUrvaja dhammiyara ne kI thii| vaha samudrataTa para kahIM thI / uparAnta isa para uttarakoNa ke silAra baMzI rAjAoM kA adhikAra ho gayA thaa| prastuta lekha kA pUrvAza isa prakAra hai : 1 "svasti (I) zrIra =api vipulaAptAd-abhima2 ta-devatA-prasAdena / saMsAra-sA3 ra-dharma-kriyAvatAM prANinAM sa4 tatam // AsIda-vidyAdhara-AdhIso 5 garutmada-dattajIvitaH (1) jImUtaketoH sa6 tsuno nAmnA jImUtavAhanaH // tataH 7 silAra-baMzobhUta siMhala-kSamAbhRtAM varaH 8 - prabhUta-bhUta-saubhAgya-bhAgyavAMsa-tatra co& jitH|| nAnA saNaphullaH khyAtaH kR10 -SNarAja-prasAdavAn / samudra tIra-sahyA11 -tadeza-saMsAdhako nRpH|| tatsuto dharma12 -va-AbhUnannAmnA dhammiyaraH prH|| pratA13 -pavAnnmahAdurga-balipaTTana kRt kRtI 14 / tasmAda-aiyaparAjonbhUdra-vijigISu15 --gunnaanvitH| snAtara= candrapura-Asanna-nA

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kiraNa 4 ] 16 - likerAmbunA sa yaH // babhUva = Ava (sa) rasa-ta17 - smAn = nIti - zAstrArtha - tattvavit / eka-me18 -tra- - pralagnAri - kANDaz=canDa - parAkramaH // 16 AdityavarmA putro - bhUt - tejasa = Adityava - 20 - tu tataH / tasmAd = avasara - AryA bhU (j) jitAri - - r = dharmmavAn = nRpaH // cemulya - candrapura - ja 21 22 kSamA bhRt sAhAyya - kArakAt / tato-bhU 23 - du= indrara ( rA ) ( ja ) sa = tyAga = bhogavAnpratisundaraH // silAra raTTarAja kA nayA zilAlekha aura jaina-dharma dUsare tAmrapatra para : 24 ( ta ) smAt = prabhUtabhAgyo - bhUda bhI ( mo ) bhI 25 mAbha - vikramaH / tejasA rAhU (va) 26 = grasta - candramaNDala - ujjvalaH // ta27 -taz=c= prAvasaro rAjA jAto-tIna (va) 28 vivekavAn / prAjJaH prAjJaH paTuH 26 sU (zU) ro dhIraH prmruupvaan| raha . 30 - nAm = prAbhavat= tasmAd = rAjA puNyavatAM va31 - raH / nItijJo nItizAstra - Artha- vRddha-32 - sevI jitendriyaH // tasya mahAmaNDa 33 - lIka - zrI--rahArya - rAja - rAjye / candrA = 34 - karka - pravarddhamAne pUjye zrI valipa 35 ne // paJcamahAmaThasthAna nagara ha 136 - jamAna -- pradhAnAmAtya - vargAH saMvi 37 - ditaM (taH ) // zaka nRpa- kAla - atIta-saM38 - vatsara navazateSu, dvAtrinzada-adhi 36 - kezca = ato-pi 632 sAdhAraNa -sa 40 ( ba ) tasara = AMtargata - puSya - bahulaM - prati41 - padiravi-vAre uttarAyaNa-saMkA 42 ntau samasta - - - rAja = zrAvalI - samalaGkR43 taH ( ta ) zrI raTTarAjena sva hastena hasta-- -o44 dakaM kRtvA vA (brA) hmaNa -- senAvaI - nAga45 - maiya -- suta -- saGkamayaisya kalvAla- 46 bhakta - bhrAmAd = veGgaNakSetra - ityAdi... " 151

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gata prathama evaM dvitIya kiraNoM meM prakAzita apane lekhoM ke viSaya meM kucha vizeSa vaktavya (le0-zrIyuta paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI) bhAskara kI rama kiraNa meM prakAzita "nItivAkyAmRta aura kannar3a kavi neminAtha" ""tathA zya kiraNa meM prakAzita "viduSI pampAdevI" ina lekhoM ke bAre meM mujhe idhara jo vizeSa bAteM mAlUma huI haiM unheM maiM nIce uddhRta kiye detA hai, jisase aitihAsika vikSa-pAThakoM kI bhrama nivRtti ho| balki ina vizeSa bAtoM kA saMketa mujhe suhadvara vidvAn mahAmahopAdhyAya, rAyabahAdura narasiMhAcArya, ema0 e0 ne kiyA hai, ataH maiM ApakA anugRhIta hU~: (1) I0 san 1148 meM samAdhizataka kI TIkA likhanevAle meghacandra aura 60 san 1115 meM svargastha meghacandra ye donoM bhinna bhinna vyakti haiN| eka dUsare kA pArasparika koI sambandha nahIM hai| maiM ne jo inheM abhinna samajha rakkhA thA vaha paMDita nAtha rAma premI jI dvArA likhita 'aAcArasAra' ke "nivedana" ke AdhAra pr| isI prakAra "zubhacandra" ko maiMne jo meghacandra ko ziSya likhA , hai isakA AdhAra bhI premI jI kA vahI ukta "nivedana" hai| vAstava meM zubhacandra meghacandra ke ziSya nahIM haiN| sAtha hI sAtha zubhacandra aura meghacandra ke ziSya prabhAvandra kA svargAgahaNa-samaya zravaNabelagola ke 117veM evaM 1403 . zilAlekhoM se kramazaH I* san 1123 aura I. san 1945 pramANita hotA hai| (2) ukta mAnanIya vidvAn ke saMketa karane evaM pranthAnta ke gadya ke punaravalokana se mujhe bhI vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki neminAtha vIranandI (meghacandra ke ziSya) kA hI ziSya hai| kintu mere ukta lekha meM yaha bAta zabda-pratipAya nahIM thii| kyoMki vahA~ maiMne likhA hai ki "inhoMne (neminAtha ne) grantha ke Adi aura anta meM meghacandra vidyadeva evaM vIranandI siddhAnta-cakravartI ko bar3I zraddhA se smaraNa kiyA hai|" (3) neminAtha ke dvArA smaraNa kiye hue mAghanandI bhaTTAraka nayakIrti ke ziSya haiM na ki bhAnukIrti ke| (zravaNabelagola ke 2066, paMkti 130-1) sAtha hI sAtha zAstrasAra ke kartA mAghanandI kumudacandra ke ziSya haiM, inakA kAla lagabhaga I0 san 1252 hai| (zravaNabelagola 343) (1) dUsarI kiraNa meM prakAzita "viduSo pampAdevI" yaha lekha brahmacArI zItala prasAda jI ke dvArA saMpAdita "madrAsa va mesUra prAnta ke prAcIna jaina-smAraka" ke AdhAra para likhA

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kiraNa 4] apane lekhoM ke viSaya meM kucha vizeSa vaktavya - gayA thaa| nagara ke 37vaM zilAlekha ke anuvAda kI brahmacArIjI kI paMktiyA~ yoM haiM :___"pampAdevI mahApurANa meM viduSo thii| yaha itanI vidyA-sampanna thI ki ise zAsanadevatA kahate the|" ................................. "pampA devI ne aSTAvidhArcanA mahAbhiSeka aura caturbhakti rcii|" brahmacArI jI ne ina paMktiyoM se pampAdevI ko viduSI evaM pranthakI siddha kiyA hai| kintu ukta zilAlekha (I. san 1947) se aSTavidhArcanA mahAbhiSeka aura caturbhakti grantha siddha na hokara sevAeM siddha hotI haiN| sAtha hI sAtha "nUtanAtimabbe" kA sambandha Apane jo putrI bAghaladevI ke sAtha mAnA hai vaha mAtA pampAdevI se hI samanvita siddha hotA hai| (2) vikrama sAntara kI "tribhuvana-dAnI" yaha pada ullikhita nagara ke zilAlekha (paM063-4 ) se upAdhi siddha hotA hai jise hamane brahmacArI jI ke anuvAda ke AdhAra para "vikramasAntara mahAdAnI rahA; isI liye yaha jagadeka dAnI bhI kahalAtA thA" yoM likhA hai| (3) brahmacArI jI ke ma0 va mai0 prA0 prA0 jai. smAraka meM sAntara, caTTala, bAcala ye zuddha rUpa 'sAntAra', 'cattala' evaM 'bAJcala' ina azuddha rUpoM meM parivartita ho gaye haiM, ataH mere lekha meM bhI ye hI azuddha rUpa jyoM ke tyoM raha gaye haiN| (4) maiMne jo apane lekha meM vAdIbha-siMha kA samaya 11 vIM zatAbdI likhI hai, vaha sAmAnya dRSTi se| yoM to nagara ke 40veM aura 37ve zilAlekhoM se inakA samaya 11voM zatAbdI kA anta aura 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAddha anumita hotA hai| sAtha hI sAtha tIrthahalli tathA nagara ke zilA-lekha meM dI huI paramparA se yaha bhI nizcita hotA hai ki vAdIbha siMha vAdIbha rAja ke bAda ke the| (5) cola rAjAoM meM prathama rAja-rAja ne I0 san 185 se I0 san 2012 taka rAjya. kiyA thaa| vAdIbha-siMha inake samaya meM nahIM rahe hoNge| dvitIya rAjarAja ne I0 san 1946 se I0 san 1978 taka zAsana kiyA thaa| ataH isI rAja ke zAsanakAla ke Arambha meM vAdIbha-siMha rahe hoNge| (6) tirUttaka devara ke "jIvaka-cintAmaNi" grantha meM yaha nahIM likhA huA hai ki vAdIma ke dvArA race gaye grantha kA zeSa bhAga maine pUrNa kiyaa| sAtha hI sAtha tamilu vidvAnoM ne tiruttaka devara kA samaya I0 san 10 vIM zatAbdI nizcita kiyA hai| isa samaya-saMketa se bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki 1 zatAbdI pUrva ke yaha tiruttaka devara 1 zatAbdI vAda ke vAdIma siMha ke grantha kA bhASAntara nahIM kara sakate haiN| isaliye paM0 zaMbhuzaraNa tripAThI kA "tiruttaka devara ne apane jIvaka-cintAmaNi meM likhA hai ki vAdIma ke dvArA prArambha kiye hue isa grantha ke zeSa bhAga ko hamane pUrA kiyA" yaha kathana sarvathA nirmala hai jo ki hama ko bhI khaTakA thaa|

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devacandrakRta rAjAvalI kathA kI viSaya-sUcI yaha 'rAjAvalI kathA' eka aitihAsika grantha mAnI jAtI hai| balki kaI aitihAsika vidvAnoM ne isake pramANabhUta uddharaNoM se apanI kRti ko samalaGkRta kiyA hai| para hai yaha kannar3a bhASA meM / ataH hindI bhASA-bhASI itihAsavettAoM kI kucha jAnakArI ke liye yahA~ isa grantha ke antargata viSayoM kI sUcI mAtra diye detA huuN| avakAzAnusAra isa grantha ke antargata bAtoM para bhI prakAza DAlane kI ceSTA kI jAyagI / - ke0 bI0 zAstrI prathama prakaraNa ( 1 se 6 pRSTha taka ) 1 maGgalAcaraNa | 2 pAThaka vidvAnoM se isakI svIkRti kI prArthanA evaM truTiyoM ko sudhArane ke liye anurodha / 3 'rAjAvalI kathA' ke nAma kI sArthakatA kA spaSTIkaraNa / 4 lokasvarUpa | 5 kAlavyavasthA / 6 manuoM kA viSaya, Adi brahma (RSabha tIrthaGkara) kI utpatti, sRSTi viSaya | 7 varNAzrama dharma-vivaraNa | . rAjavaMzotpatti | 8 bharatacakravartI kA digvijaya, bAhubali-yuddha evaM dIkSA grahaNa | 10 marIcidIkSA, kapila - siddhAnta kI utpatti / 11 akSaya tRtIyA isa nAmakaraNa kA hetu / 12 zrAvaNI karma kA Adi kAraNa / 13 zivarAtri zabda kI caritArthatA I

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kiraNa 4 ] devacandrakRta rAjAvalI kathA kI viSaya-sUcI dvitIya prakaraNa ( 7 se 13 pRSTha taka) 1 dvitIya cakravartI sagara ke sATha hajAra putra aura bhagIratha prAdi kI kthaa| 2 atri Adi RSiyoM ke samaya meM kapilAdi ke siddhAntoM kA baad-vivrnn| 3 SaDdarzana kI utpatti evaM naiyAyika darzana-viSayaM / 4 kaNAda, mImAMsA, jaimini, sAMkhya ina darzanoM kA viSaya / 5 bauddha evaM cArvAka darzana kA viSaya / 6 viSNu kumAra muni ke dvArA vAmanAvatAra / 7 jamadagni parazurAma kA viSaya / . . subhaumacakravarti kathA, sauradharma kI utpatti tathA vinAyaka (gaNeza) caturthI kA hetu ... mallikArjuna pUjA kA kAraNa aura trideva ke zreSThatva kI carcA / tRtIya prakaraNa (13 se 18 pRSTha taka) 1 kara kaNDu kI kathA, patthara meM khude hue sarpa kI pUjA kA kAraNa, vAmI (sarpavila) meM pUjA-rUpa meM dUdha-ghI dene aura nAga-cautha manAne kA hetu| 2 anaraNya kI sabhA meM devatA-viSayaka carcA / 3 tIra kadamba kI kathA, mahAkAlAsura evaM parvataka ke calAye hue yakSa kI crcaa| 4 raam-kthaa| 5 shishupaal-kthaa| 6 kRssnnjnm| 7 kaMsanidhana / . caturtha prakaraNa (18 se 30 pRSTha taka) 1 janamejaya rAjA kI kathA, candravarddhana mahArAja kI sabhA meM sughaTita svardhAviSayaka crcaa| 2 shrennik-kthaa| 3 abhaya kumAra kA janma evaM unakA kArya / 4 varddhamAna svAmI kI kthaa|

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 5 gautama svAmI kI kthaa| 6 celinI mahAdevI kA zroNika se sambandha / paMcama prakaraNa (30 se 47 pRSTa taka) 1 satyandhara kI kthaa| . 2 jIvandhara kI kthaa| 3 punaH shrennik-crcaa| SaSTha prakaraNa (47 se 70 pRSTa taka) 1 zreNika kA dhrmshrvnn| 2 dIpAvalI kA kaarnn| 3 pArzvabhaTTAraka evaM zAkya muni kI kathA / 4 bhdrvaahu-kthaa| 5 nandavaMza kI utpatti, candragupta-kathA aura zvetAmbara zAkhA kA prAdurbhAva / 6 vikramAditya kI kthaa| 7 apalasaMgha kA prAdurbhAva tathA pUjyapAda svAmI ke ziSya ke dvArA drAvir3a saMgha kI sthApanA tathA kASThAsaMgha kI utptti| 8 maruta evaM bila saMgha kI sthApanA aura arhadvalyAcArya ke dvArA saMcAlita saMgha, gaNa, gaccha Adi kA vivrnn| saptama prakaraNa (70 se 86 pRSTha taka). 1 shaalivaahn-kthaa| 2 basupAla rAjA kI sabhA meM pnycaaNg-vissyk-crcaa| 3 samasta prANivarga ke prAya(yu)-vyaya kI carcA / aSTama prakaraNa (86 se 117 pRSTha taka) 1 jinadatta rAya kI kthaa| 2 caNDavikrama kI kthaa|

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kiraNa 4] devacandrakRta rAjAvalI kathA kI viSaya-sUcI 157 me c . 3 pUjyapAda evaM nAgArjuna kI kathA / 4 prAcArAMga bhAdi ke naam| 5 saMghoM kI utptti| ... 6 bhUtabali puSpadaMta kI kthaa| 7 kundakundAcArya-kathA evaM katipaya yatiyoM ke nAma / 8 kalkirAja kI kthaa| & bijalarAja aura marivijala kI kthaa| 10 samantabhadra kI kthaa| 11 akalaMkadeva evaM himazItala mahArAja kI kthaa| 12 cAmuNDarAya evaM belgula kA vissy| 13 jinasena guNabhadrakRta grantha-viSayaka carcA / 14 bhojraajcrcaa| taraNa kA kaarnn| navama prakaraNa (117 se 140 pRSTha taka) 1 kanti evaM cAloM kI kthaa| 2 vidyAnanda kI kathA tathA kirAtarAjasantati aura durbhikSa kI crcaa| 3 hastimallAcArya kI kthaa| 4 zaMkarAcArya evaM gaMgA kI kthaa| 5 hastimalliSeNa kI vNshprmpraa| 6 ballAlarAja kI vNsh-prmpraa| dazama prakaraNa (140 se 206 pRSTha taka) 1 AnegoMdi mallirAya kI kthaa| 2 sAraMgadhara kI kathA evaM kucha rAjAoM kA viSaya / 3 khadiraliMga kA viSaya / 4 dillI ke bAdazAha kI carcA / .5 harihara rAya kI kthaa| 6 pukarAya kI kthaa|

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bhAskara 7 praur3ha devarAya, rAmacandra rAya Adi anyAnya zAsakoM kI carcA / 6 harihara rAya ke kumAra vIra rAya kI kathA / 6 zrIraMga rAya ke dvArA zrIraMgapaTTA kI sthApanA aura rAjamoDeyara kI kathA / 15 ke ekAdaza prakaraNa (201 se 247 pRSTha taka ) 1 rAjaoDeyara ke kumAra cAmarAjaoDeyara kI kathA / 2 kaNThIravanarasarAja oDeyara aura doDDu devarAja proDeyara kI kathA / 3 cikka deva rAja kI kathA / 4 kaMThIrava Arasa ko kathA / 5 dADu kRSNarAja kI kathA / 6 haidara khAM kA viSaya / 7 TippU sulatAna kA viSaya / 8 maisUra deza meM zraGgarejoM kA praveza / 8 cAmarAja oDeyara ke putra kRSNarAja proDeyara aura pUrNayya kA viSaya / 10 maisUra kA zAsana- bhAra aGgarejoM ko apane hAtha meM lenA / 11 isa granthakarttA kI baMzAvalI / dvAdaza prakaraNa (247 se 286 pRSTha taka ) 1 devI rammaNi kA isa rAjAvalI kathA kA zravaNa / 2 maisUra rAjAoM kI baMzAvalI / trayodaza prakaraNa (286 se 238 pRSTha taka) . (bhAga 3 1 jAti - nirNaya | noTa - isa rAjAvalI kathA kI maisUra rAjakIya prAcyapustakAgAra kI saMgRhIta prati se pratilipi karAI gaI hai| bhavana kI isa prati ke prAraMbha meM jo viSaya sUcI dI gayI hai, yaha usI kA anuvAdamAtra hai|

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bAhubali-zataka [ racayitA aura prakAzaka mahezacandra prasAda, ema0 e0, devAzrama dhArA 1135, kAgaja aura - chapAI acche haiM, bAhubalisvAmI kA sundara citra bhI hai, mUlya sirpha do pAnA ] maisUra rAjya ke hAsana jile meM sthita zravaNabelagola jainiyoM kA eka pramukha tIrtha sthAna hai| vahAM ke vindhyagiri para khanAsana virAjamAna bAhubalisvAmI kI mUrti apanI vizAlatA aura kArIgarI ke liye bhArata ke itihAsa meM prasiddha hai| isake kalAkauzala kI prazaMsA bar3e bar3e vidvAnoM aura guNagrAhakAM ne kI hai| lekhaka ko isa sthAna ke darzana karane kA suavasara zrImAn pakrazvarakumAra jo, pArA, ke sAtha milaa| mUrti ke darzana se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne prastuta kAvya ko racA hai, tathA kRtajJatA-pUrvaka use apane upakArI ko hI samarpita kiyA hai| prastuta kAvya bAhubalisvAmI kI ukta mUrti kI 105 dohoM meM stuti hai| pahale pAMca dohoM meM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt kavi ne kramazaH zravaNabelagolA, maisUra, ukta mUrti, usakI sthiti, usake rupa aura phira usake zira, keza, mukha, bhAla, bhRkuTI Adi pratyeka aGgakI zobhA kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| zailI prAcIna hai| artha-saundarya ke sAtha zabdAlaMkAra kI aora kavi kA dhyAna vizeSa rahA hai| isI se stuti meM sthAna sthAna para kucha jaTilatA AgaI hai| zabdoM ke khela ke kucha udAharaNa dekhiye :mUrti ke varNana meM kavi kahate haiM: jaga te pAhata hota jaba, jaga meM pAhuna hAta / jaga te pAhana hota jaba, jaga meM pAhana hAta // 10 // mukha kI hAsya mudrA kA varNana hai : hAsa nahoM, upahAsa yaha, kalI balI kA mAnu / kalI kaleje ko kalI, tor3I kalI samAnu // 40 // inakA artha samajhane ke liye thor3I dera sira khujalAnA par3atA hai| para kahIM kahIM ghesA hI zabda-saundarya artha kI sugamatA ke sAtha bhI milatA hai jaise nahIM dharA para kachu dharA, bharA klesa nihses| dhIra dharAdhara pai khar3e, yaha deta upadesa // 40 //

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[ bhAga bhAskara nimna dohe meM 'jagatkartA kA ullekha zAyada jainiyoM ko kucha khaTake dhani dhani mUrata kI kalA! dhani dhani mUratakAra / jaga-karatA karatAra hai, tuma karatA-karatAra // 7 // yadyapi kAvyazailI prAcIna hai tathApi usa meM reDiyama kA prakAza aura moTara kI daur3a bhI dikha rahI hai, yathA nAsahu tama-agyAna tuma, pragyA-pramA prakAsi / jana-hita janu kAu divya-ruci, rucira reDiyama-rAsa // 7 // banA sarvadA hI rahai, taba saneha peTrola / jAte pahu~cai mokSa kA, zrAtama-moTara pola // 8 // (racano avalokanIya hai) -hIrAlAla, ___RISABH-DEVA. (THE FOUNDER OF JAINISM) TAuthor, C. R. Jain, Bar-at-law; Publisher, Jain-Mitra-Mandal, Delhi, 1935, price -/4/-] Barrister C. R. Jain is well-known as the author of many books on Jainism and comparative religion. He wrote a big volume on the life of the first prophet of Jainism, Lord Rishabhadeva, several years ago. The present book is on the same subject in a much smaller and handy size. In eleven short chapters is described in a lucid style the previous ten lives of of Rishabhadeva, his birth and childhood, his family and public life, his renunciation omniscience and his preaching mission. We have then a chapter on the sixteen deams of his son and royal succesor Bharat, who Bensed through them the deterioration of the coming age. Then follows an account of the strength of Rishabha's spiritual followers and his Nirvana. The whole account is strictly in accordance with the Jaina Puranas. The book ends with the 'Last Word' contributed by Mr. Kamta Prasad Jain who has drawn attention to several references to Rishabha and other Tirthankaras of the Jainas in non-Jain literature beginning with the Ve. dic age. In the Foreword and the Introduction added by the author him. self attention has been drawn to the place and importance of Rishabha deva in Jainism and his mention in the Hindu Puranas. There are two illustrations in the book-one of the statue of Rishabhadeva in one museum in Paris (France) and the other of the assembly of Rishabhdeva's devotees after his omniscience, as preserved in the Jaina Siddhanta Bhavan Arrah. The learned author has presented subject in a readable, interesting form and the book deserves to be widely read by those interested in the lives of the Great Teachers of humanity who have lived in the past. H. L. Jain

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granthamAlA - vibhAga

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prazasti-saMgraha (sampAdaka-ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI) (kramAgata ) nellUra ke zaka varSa 1221 (khIstAbda 1266) ke eka zAsana meM "tasyAprajaH suto mnvgnnddgopaalbhuuptiH| pratAparudrabhUpasya prasAdAcitavaibhavaH" aisA ullekha milatA hai| isase isa manvabhUpa kA samaya khista zaka 1296 siddha hotA hai| ataH kavi amRtanandI kA kAla bhI khista zaka 13vIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga jJAta hotA hai| yaha kavi pratAparudra ke prAzraya meM pratAparudrIya pranya ke racayitA vidyAnAtha ke samakAlIna hoMge yA kucha idhara ke|" ina ullikhita donoM uddharaNoM se isa grantha ke racayitA yahI amRtanandI haiM tathA inakA samaya bhI vahI 13vIM zatAbdI hai yaha bAta pramANita hotI hai| 110) grantha naM0 21 kevalajJAnahorA phartA-candrasenamuni viSaya--jyotiSa bhASA-saMskRta caudd'aaii-8|| iJca lmbaaii-13|| iJca / patrasaMkhyA -31 prArambhika bhAga: anantavidyAvibhavaM jinendra nidhAya nityaM nirvdybodhm| svAnte'haminduprabhamindravandha vakSye parAM kevalabodhahorAm // 1 // horA nAma mahAvidyA vaktavyazca bhavaddhitam / jyotirzAnakalAsAraM bhUSaNaM budhapoSaNam // 2 // *bIca bIca meM kucha sAde pRSTha bhI haiN|

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26 kevalajJAnahorAyAH candrasenena bhASitam / paropadezikaM granthaM (?) mayA saptazataM (?) kRtam // 3 // AgamaH (?) sadRzo jainaH candrasenasamo muniH / kevalI (?) sadRzI vidyA durlabhA sacarAcare // 4 // zrImatpaJca gurU MzcaturvidhasurAdhIzArzvitAn saMstutAn cAturvarNajana (?) caturgatibhavaklezApahArAnapi / tatvAn saptavaraikavAkya niratAn doSadvayadhvaMsakAn AcAryazca (?) upAsakAnsumanasA vandAmahe diggrahAn // 5 // tanmAtra vedAmbudhibANazailazazyati candrAzvabhave dhruvAGkAH / prAcyAdidittu prathitA munIndra naSTAdivijJAnavidhau vidheyAH // 6 // . X X madhyabhAga (pRSTha 184 paMkti 5 ) bhAskara x tanmAttravedAmbudhikAma zailazatAMgane trakSitayo drutAntAH (dhruvAGkAH) / prAgAdidikSu prathitA munIndra naSTAdivijJAnavidhau vidheyAH // pRcchakadigdazaguNitaM praharayutaM viguNitaM triMzat / X sametaM vizva (2) saMpraznAkSarayutaM / vasu 7 / hataM / taccheSaM 1 / pravarga 2 | cavagaM 3 Tavarga 4 | tavarga 5 / pavarga 6 / yavarga 7 | savarga kavarge / atha / ekAdizUnyaparyantaM 1 / . varga 2 | kavarga 3 / cavarga 4 / TavargaM 5 | tavarga 6 / pavarga 7 / yavarga / zavarga / tadvargazeSaM / bhezabANa 5 / hRtaM / vi / viSamAkSaraM / saM / samAkSaraM / antyAkSaraM / tadakSarazeSaM / girivANa 57 / hataM diva / tri / pUrvAkSaraM / saM / dvitIyAkSaraM / ete akSarabhedAH / X X X X X X X X [ bhAga 3 x antima bhAga- x x X X x x halike 85 / huligoTu 86 / heradavalli 87 / hirigaNa 88 / hallayAla 86 / hAlUru 10 / homAru 61 / hADUru 92 / devati 63 / haikaMba 94 / hagare 15 / hariyaTTi 16 / hukkeri 67 / harige / hipparage 16 / hururmuji 100 / kADana hunballi 101 / he sadurga 102 / hijayiDi 103 / hubaLa 104 / huNisige 205 / ina gavADe 106 / hAmALi 107 / sampUrNam / yA pustakaM dvaSTaM tAdRzaM likhitaM mayA / abaddha N vA subaddha N vA mama doSo na vidyate // 1 //

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kiraNa 4] prazasti-saMgraha hamArA jyotiSazAstra do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| eka gaNita aura dUsarA phalita yA horA. vijJAna / prastuta grantha kA nAma "kevalajJAnahorA" hai| hArA kI vyutpatti vidvAnoM ne yo kI hai-"AdyatavarNalopAt hArAsmAkaM bhavatyahorAtrAt"-arthAt 'ahorAtra' zabda kA prAdima akSara 'a' aura antima akSara 'tra' ina donoM ke lopa kara dene se hArA'* zabda vyutpanna huA hai| 'kevalajJAnahorA' isa nAmase bahuta se vyaktiyoM kI yahI dhAraNA hai ki yaha bhI phalita jyotiSa kA eka maulika grantha hogaa| avakAzAbhAva se isakA vizeSa paricaya isa samaya yahA~ para nahIM diyA jA skaa| hA~ isa vidyA ke marmajJa kisI sAvakAza vidvAn ko isa para kucha vizeSa prakAza DAlane kI ceSTA karanI caahiye| "digambara jaina pranthakartA aura unake grantha' meM bhI ise jyotiSazAstra hI likhA hai| sAtha hI sAtha premI jI kI isa pustaka meM isa 'kevalajJAnaholA' kI zlokasaMkhyA tIna hajAra batalAyI gayI hai| parantu prAraMbhika "paropadezikaM granthaM ? mayA saptazataM kRtam" isa tIsare padyabhAga se isa pranya kI zlokasaMkhyA sAta sau siddha hotI hai| kintu grantha bahuta bar3A hai| na mAlUma pranthakartA ne yaha sAta sau saMkhyA kisa bAta kI dI hai| isake kartA candrasenamuni haiN| inhoMne apane isa grantha ke "kevalajJAnahorAyAzcandrasenena bhASitam" isa padyAMza meM isa bAta ko spaSTa kara diyA hai| sAtha hI sAtha "AgamaH sadRzo jainaH candrasenasamo muniH| kevalI (1) sadRzI vidyA durlabhA sacarAcare // " isa padya meM apanI pracura prazaMsA bhI kI hai| idhara udhara bahuta kucha TaTolane para bhI inake bAre meM vizeSa paricaya maiM nahIM mAlUma kara skaa| granthAntargata bAtoM se jJAta hotA hai ki Apa jyotiSazAstra ke eka acche jJAtA the| isameM koI zaka nahIM ki Apa karnATakanivAsI evaM kannaDabhASI the| kyoMki apane grantha ke saMskRtabaddha padyoM (karNasUtroM) kA khulAzA karane ke liye inhoMne jahA~ tahA~ kannaDabhASA kA bhI adhikatara Azraya liyA hai| bhavana kI yaha prati zravaNabelagola kI kannar3a prati se utArI gayI hai, kintu hai yaha bahuta azuddha / ataH yahA~ ApakI saMskRta-racanAzailI ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kisI zAstrAgAra meM isakI koI zuddha prati kA anveSaNa paramAvazyaka hai| isameM jo prkrnn| haiM unameM kucha kA nIce nAma-nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai : hemaprakaraNa, dAmyaprakaraNa, zilAprakaraNa, mRttikAprakaraNa, vRkSaprakaraNa, kArpAsa-gulmavalkala-tRNa-roma-carma-paTaprakaraNa, saMkhyAprakaraNa, naSTadravyaprakaraNa, nirvAhaprakaraNa, apatya * jyotiSokta lagna evaM eka rAzi yA lagna ke Adhe bhAga ko bhI horA kahate haiN| + ye prakaraNa kisI kANDa yA adhyAya ke antargata hai|

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bhAskara [bhAga prakaraNa, lAbhAlAbhaprakaraNa, mokSaprakaraNa, strIsaMbhogaprakaraNa, bhojanaprakaraNa, svamaprakaraNa, sAmudrikapakaraNa, svaraprakaraNa, vAstuvidyAprakaraNa, zakunaprakaraNa, dehalodIkSAprakaraNa, ajanabiyAprakaraNa, vissvidyaaprkrnn| isI prakAra dezabheda, upakaraNabheda, zAstrabheda, ratabheda, pakSibheda, yantrabheda, mantrabheda, jAtibheda, mudrAbheda Adi aneka dravyoM ke bheda bhI isameM darasAye gaye haiN| balki mudrAbheda nAmaka zIrSaka meM vikrama, cAlukya, kAdamba, yudhiSThirAdika aneka aitihAsika evaM paurANika prasiddha vyaktiyoM ke nAma bhI Aye haiN| (11) bandha naM0 214 dAnazAsana karcA-zrIvAsupUjya RSi viSaya-dAnaphalAdivivaraNa bhASA-saMskRta cauDAI 5 / / iJca lambAI 13 // iJca patrasaMkhyA 55 prArambhika bhAga yasya pAdAbjasadgandhAghrANanirmuktakalmaSAH / ye bhavyAH santi taM devaM jinendra praNamAmyaham // 1 // dAnaM vakSye'tha vArIva zasyasampattikAraNam / kSetroptaM phalatIva syAt sarvastrISu samaM sukham // 2 // . zuddhasaidRSTibhiH shuddhpunnyopaarjnlmpttaiH| sArddha ba yAdima anya netaraistu kadAcana // 3 // madhya bhAga (pUrva pRSTha 28 paMkti ?ma) zrImacilokabhavanAntarasarvavastuprAhiprabodhaniTilAkSivirAjamAnam / jJAnakagocaramazeSamunIndravanyamindrAcinAnimahatvAmahaM sAmi //

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kirayA . ] prazasti-saMgraha karmahaddharmakRtpAtraM tasya bhedAnahaM bruve| pAge deyaM na cAnyatra kSetre kRSyadhipo yathA // 2 // ratnatrayAtmako dharmastamAcarati dhArmikaH / dharmAbhivRddhaye svasya dhArmike prItimAcaret // 3 // pAnabhedakathAdakSaH pAtraM paJcavidhaM matam / tadyatheti kRte prazne sUrirAha taduttaram // 4 // utkRSTapAnamanagAramaNuvratADhya madhyaM vratena rahitaM sudRzaM jaghanyam / nidarzanaM vratanikAyayutaM kupAtraM yugmojjhitaM naramapAtamivaJca viddhi / saMgAdirahitA dhIrA raagaadimlvrjitaaH| zAntA dAntAstapobhUSAste pAzaM dAturuttamam // 6 // nissaMgino'pi vRttADhyA niHsnehAH sugatipriyAH / abhUSAdha tapobhUSAste pAtraM dAturuttamam // 7 // parISahajaye zaktAH zaktAH krmprikssye| zAnadhyAnatapaHzaktAste pAtraM dAturuttamam // 8 // prazAntamanasaH saumyAH prshaantkrnnkriyaaH| prazAntArimahAmohAste pAtraM dAturuttamam // 6 // dhRtibhAvanayA yuktAH stvbhaavnyaanvitaaH| tattvArthahitacetaskAstepAtraM dAturuttamam // 10 // parISahajaye zUrAH zUrA indriynigrhe| kaSAyavijaye rAste pAtraM dAturuttamam // 11 // antima bhAga mata * samastai mRSibhiryadAhRtaH prabhAsurAtmAvanadAnazAsanam / mude satA.puNyadhanaM samarjitaM dAnAni dadyAnmunaye vicArya tt|| zAkAnde triyugAgnizItaguNite'tIte vRSe vatsare mAghe mAsi va zuklapakSadazame shriivaasupuujyrssinnaa| proktaM pAvanadAnazAsanamidaM zAtvA hitaM kurvatAm dAnaM svarNaparIkSakA iva sadA pAtratraye dhaarmikaaH|| samAsamidaM dAnazAsanam

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[ mAga granthake antima padya se spaSTatayA jJAta hotA hai ki isa "dAnazAsana" ke karttA vAlupUjya RSi haiN| sAtha hI sAtha ukta padya se yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki yaha grantha zaka samvat 1343 mAgha zukla dazamI kA samApta huA thA / granthakarttA ne apane isa grantha meM guruparamparA, gaNa, gaccha Adi kI kucha bhI carcA nahIM kI hai 1 ataH inake viSaya meM adhika prakAza nahIM DAlA jA sakA / dAkSiNAtya katipaya zilAlekhoM meM " vAsupUjya" yaha nAma milatA hai avazya / para prastuta vAsujpUya ke gaNagacchAdi ke na mAlUma hone se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki amuka vAsupUjya hI isa dAnazAsana ke karttA haiM / agara kisI vidvAn ke ina vAsupUjyaRSi ke gaNagacchAdi vizeSa bAtoM kA patA jJAta hai| to unheM prakaTa kara denA cAhiye / :-- inakI saMskRta racanAzailI sAdhAraNatayA acchI hai / pratyeka bhAga kI zlokasaMkhyA alaga alaga batA kara isa grantha ko inhoMne nimnalikhita bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai :(1) aSTavidhadAnalakSaNa (2) uttamapAtrasAmAnyavidhi (3) abhayadAnavidhi (4) dAnazAlAvidhi (5) kriyAvidhi (6) dravyazodhanavidhi (7) pAtralakSaNavidhi (8) karaNanayalakSitAhAradAnavidhi (1) bhaiSajyadAnavidhi (10) zAstradAnavidhi | (12) grantha naM0 215 kha bhAskara lambAI 6 // iJca prArambhika bhAga - bhavyakaNThAbharaNapaJcikA karttA -arhAsa viSaya - devaguruzAstrAdilakSaNa bhASA-saMskRta caur3AI 6 -PIP POW patra saMkhyA 23 zrImAn jineA mai zriyameSa dizyAdyadIyara nojjvalapAdapITham / karairnatendrotkaramauliratnaiH svapattarAgAdiva cAlitaM svaiH // 41 // . sadApi siddhoM mayi sannidadhyAtsa siddhivadhvA saha sAndrasaukhyam / carvatyajatra' tanumArutAntaH saMbhogabhAvizramabhItavaidyaH // 2 //

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kiraNa 4 ] prazasti-saMgraha AcAryavaryAzcaritAni ziSyAnAcArayantaH svymaacrntH|| SaTtriMzatApi svaguNairyutAstaiH sadAparAtmASTaguNAbhilASAH // 3 // te'dhyApakAH syurdadate nitAntaM ye brahmavaryavratapAlineo'pi / dayAJca citteSu sarasvatIJca mukheSu deheSu tapaHzriyazca // 4 // te sAdhavo me dadatu svavRttiM dayAlavo'pi vtdivyshsauH| anaMgarAjaM samare nihatya kurvantyanaMgorupadaM svakIyam // 5 // jinAgamakSIranidhirgabhIro viloDitazcedvibudhaividhAnAt / dadAti ratnatrayamujjvalAMgaM tadA sa tebhyo'pyamRtaM durApam // 6 // zrIgautamAdyA jinayogino ye vIrAMgadAntA mahitAtmavRttAH / . tadIyanAmAkSararatnamAlA madIyavANyA maNikaNThikA syaat||7|| ' athAzarIrAnupamAmbujAkSImapyAzu vazyAM yadalaM vidhaatuN| zataM suvarNAbhinavArtharatnastadbhavyakaNThAbharaNaM taniSye // 8 // madhyabhAga (pUrva pRSTha 14 paMkti 4) zritvAdima (?) tApamiteSu buddhvAnAzritya mUlAcca bhajatsvamuktvA / chAyAdruvattasya na ruTparAgastathApi te duHkhasukhAspadAni // 1 // tasminnidAnImiva sArvabhaume deze vstypytiviprkRsstte| " caranti ye te sukhinastadIyAmAjJAmanullaGghaya pare saduHkhAH // 2 // janA gRhagrAmapurIjanAntaSaTkhaNDamAtraprabhuzAsanaM cet / ullaMghayanto'pyuruduHkhabhAjastakiM punassarvajagatprabhAstata // 3 // . sato hitaM zAsti sa eva devaH sadANya (?) te zAsanatatphalecchAm / kalasvanaM karNasudhArasaughaM vamattayorvAdyamapekSate kim // 4 // antima bhAga-- .. . .. . 'aAssahArthAbhidayeti sarve'pyAcAryyamukhyA guravastrayo'pi / asArasaMsAravinAzahetorArAdhanIyA anizaM mayA syuH||1|| sUktyaiva teSAM bhavabhIravo ye gRhAzramasthAzcaritAtmadharmAH / ta eva zeSAzramiNAM sahAyA dhanyAH syurAzAdharasUrivaryAH // 2 // orAdhyamAnAmaladarzanAste dharme'nuraktAH zaminAM sadApi / .... ekaM yathAzakti bhajantyazalyamekAdazANuvatikAspadeSu // 3 //

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bhAskara mAga 2 te pAtradAnAni jinendrapUjAH zIlopavAsAnapi cinvate ca / nyAyena kAlAdasatIzvaropabhogasya zarmAnubhavanti cAkSam // 4 // kartutapaH sNymdaanpuujaasvaadhyaaympyaashritcaaruvaartaaH| te tadbhavaM zrIjinasUktazuddhayA pakSAdibhizvAghalavaM kSipanti // 5 // ta eva mAnyA bhuvi dhArmikaughA dhrmaanurtaakhilbhnylokaiH| sudhAnuraktA hyanurAgasUtimAdhArapAneSvapi tanvate'syAH // 6 // ityuktamAptAdikasatsvarUpaM saMtRNvato'va dRDhA ruciH syAt sajJAnamasyAzcaritaM tato'smAtkarmakSayo'smAtsukhamapyaduHkham // 7 // prAptAdirUpamitisiddhamavetya samyageteSu rAgamitareSu ca madhyabhAvam / ye tanvate budhajanA niyamena te'rhaddAsatvametya satataM sukhino bhavanti // 8 // ityarhadAsakRtabhavyakaNThAbharaNasya paJcikA smaaptaabhuut| . isa "bhavyakaNThAbharaNapaJcikA" ke kartA kavivara arhaddAsajI haiN| abhI taka inake tIna hI prantha upalabdha hue haiN| balki prastuta kRti ko chor3a kara zeSa do grantha-puradevacampU" tathA "munisuvratakAvya' prakAzita ho bhI cuke haiN| pahalA grantha "mANikyacandra jainapranthamAlA" baMbaI se aura dUsarA "munisuvratakAvya" saMskRta hindI-TIkA-sahita "jainasiddhAntabhavana" ArA se| inakI kavitA ke bAre meM yahA~ para maiM vizeSa kucha na likha kara sahRdaya pAThakoM se "munisuvratakAvya" ko hI sAdyanta eka bAra par3ha jAne kA anurodha karatA huuN| hamAre arhadAsa jI gadya-padya donoM ke siddhahasta lekhaka haiN| ApakI sabhI racanAyeM mAdhurya pAra prAsAdAdi kAvyovitaguNoM se otaprota haiM / ___ Apa vidvadvara AzAdhara jI ke ziSya haiN| yaha bAta ApakI tInoM kRtiyoM ke ninalikhita antima padyoM se svayaM siddha hotI hai : mithyAtvakarmapaTalaizviramAvRte me yugme dRzoH kupathayAnanidAnabhUte / pAzAdharoktilasadaJjanasaMprayogaiH svacchIkRte pRthulasatpathamAzrito'smi // (munisuvratakAvya) sUtyaiva teSAM bhavabhIravo ye gRhaashrmsthaashcritaatmdhrmaaH| ta eva zeSAzramiNAM sahAyAH dhanyAH syurAzAdharasUrivaryAH // (bhavyakaeThAbharapaJcikA) mithyAtvapaMkakaluSe mama mAnase'smin AzAdharoktikatakaprasaraH prasanne / ullAsitena zaradA purudevabhaktayA tazcampudambhajaladena samujjajambhe // (purudevacam)

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pratimA-lekha saMgraha .. . :) kiraNa 4 ] . (saMgrAhaka-zrIyuta bAra kAmatA prasAda jaina ) mainapurI ke mUrti-lekhoM se prApta paricaya (kramAgata) nAma AcArya va bhaTTAraka anvaya kisa samaya meM ullekha gurukA nAma saMgha gaNa gaccha maya meM ullekha vizeSa vivaraNa - milatA hai| balAtkAra sarasvatI kunda 0 0 saM0 1772 saM01710 saM0 1454 saM01530 saM0 1716 0 | brahma jagata siMha bha0 surendrabhUSaNa bha0 nandadeva , devakIrti ,, devacandra , devendrakIrti , damakIrti , devendrakIrti , devendrabhUSaNa ... | bha0 vizvabhUSaNa maMDalAcAryadharmacandra ... ,, prabhAcandra | bha. dharmakIrti ...,, lalitakIrti pratimA-lekha-saMgraha 0 0 M TG : balAtkAra sarasvatI : 30 : balAtkAra sarasvatI 1783 naM0 25 aura yaha zAyada eka haiN| saM0 1734 aTera paTTAdhIza / saM01436 saM0 1666 saM0 1601 meM prAcArya likhA hai| | saM0 1686 se pUrva | atter| saM0 1125 | inhIM zubhacandra ke uttarAdhikArI bha0 jinacandra the, kintu isa lekha meM unako bha0 nemicandra kA padAdhikArI likhA hai| micandra "zubhacandra , " "

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na0 mAma AcArya va mahAraka | guru kA nAma gaccha | anvaya | kisa samaya meM ullekha - milatA hai| vizeSa vivaraNa , padmanaMdi ... |saM0 1103 pratiSTAcArya bha0 prabhAcandradeva bha* padmanaMdi " bhAnukIrti | " bhAnucandra , bhuvanakIrti "prabhAcandra kASTA saM0 1412 saM0 1450 saM0 1628 saM0 1948 ... | mur3AsA meM pratiSTA karAI / saM0 1548 ... | saM0 1534 ke lekha meM bha0 jJAna | bhUSaNa ke gururUpa meM ullekha hai| yaha bhinna mAlUma dete haiN| saM0 1920 saM0153731545 saM0 151031526 saM0 1675 balAtkAra | sarasvatI kunda bhAskara kASThA , mahendrabhUSaNa ... | bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa | , , malayakIrti | guNabhadrAnAye malayakIrti AcArya bha0 mahAcandra | bha0 zIlabhUSaNa , mahIcandra . mahAcandra , munIndrakIrti ... kASTA , panakIrti ,, basakIrti , rAmasena AcArya ratrakIrti ma. abhayanandadeva ratrakIrti maMDalAcArya ... " jasakIrti bha0 rAjendrakIrti " puSkara mAthura balAtkAra sarasvatI saM0 1952 ...| banArasa meM pratiSThA karAI / akharo graam| balAtkAra kunda | saM0 1662 |saM0 1051 . saM0 1910-1936 kASTA [bhAga 2 " tAmAye haracaM tadAnAye

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., rAjendra bhUSaNa kiraNa 4 ] aTera / |, mahendrabhUSaNa , lalitakIti , lakSmIbhUSaNa | bha0 surendrabhUSaNa | , lakSmIsena guNabhadra ,, vijayakoti vidyAnaMdi maMDalAcArya ... jinacandrAmnAye bha0 vimalendra kIrti ... brahmadIpa ... hemacandrAmnAye bha0 jagadbhUSaNa maMDalAcArya vizAlakIrti ,, mahIcandra bha0 vizvasena , siMhakIrti samorasiMhadeva zubhacandra | bha0 padmanaM de |, jinacandra kASTA bha0 vizvabhUSaNa ... mUla | balAtkAra| sarasva atter|. balAtkAra sarasvatI kunda kunda . saM0 1920 saM0.1666 saM0 1828 / / solahavIM zatAbdI saM0 1688 balAtkAra sarasvataM | saM0 1537 saM01666 saM01642 saM0 1766 saM0 1675 saM0 1416 saM0 1526 mAthura saM0 1525 balAtkAra sarasvatI saM0 1520 saM0 1525-1528 saM0 1686 saM0 1760-1761 saM0 1525 saM0 1546 saM0 1551 | saM0 1932 | saM0.1645 balAtkArasa kuMda | saM01686 va 1530 atter| sN01525| . pratimA-lekha-saMgraha kASTA 64 devendrabhUSaNa atter| 68 samIrasiMhadeva kASTA naagurnaame| indraprastha / kASTA haracandra harendrabhUSaNa , jJAnabhUSaNa ... | bha0 rAjendrakIrti ... ... | , zIlabhUSaNa / mUla

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[ bhAga 38 bhAskara 1 ke kASThA saMgha kI utpatti ke viSaya meM eka se adhika mata haiN| dasavIM zatAbdI ke devasenAcArya matAnusAra saM0 753 meM bha0 kumArasena dvArA isa saMgha kI utpatti huI thI; kintu isa kAla se bhI pahale isa saMgha kA astitva milatA hai / eka kathA meM kATha athavA miTTI kI mUrti banAne kA vidhAna karane ke kAraNa isa saMgha kA yaha nAma par3A batAyA gayA hai / kintu hama to samajhate haiM ki mathurA ke nikaTa jamunA taTa para sthita kASThA nAmaka grAma kI apekSA, isa saMgha kA yaha nAma par3A thaa| isa saMgha ke puSkara va mAthuragaNa aura nadI taTa gaccha Adi isa bAta ke dyotaka haiM ki kisI grAma kI apekSA se hI isa saMgha kA nAma 'kASThAsaMgha' par3A hai / mathurA prAcIna kAla se jaina dharma kA pramukha sthAna rahA hai aura usake nikaTa kASThA nAmaka grAma bhI milatA hai / dramila saMgha - drAvir3a saMgha, punnATa saMgha Adi nAma bhI deza apekSA hai / ataH kASThAsaMgha bhI jaina muniyoM ke usa sAdhusamudAya kA nAma pratIta hotA hai, jinakA mukhya sthAna kASThA nAmaka sthAna thA / devasena jI ne mAthura saMgha kI gaNanA alaga kI hai; kintu anya vidvAn use kASTasaMgha kA eka gaccha hI batalAte haiM; yathA : kASThAsaMgha bhuvikhyAtA jAnanti nRsurAsurAH / tatna gacchAzca catvAro rAjante vizrutAH kSitau // 1 // zrInanditaTasaMjJazca mAthura bAgar3AbhidhaH / lAr3a bAgar3a ityete vikhyAtAH kSitimaNDale // 3 // -- surendrakIrtiH | devasena jI ke uparyukta bheda-vivakSA kA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki kASTAsaMgha meM gopuccha kI picchi rakhane kI AjJA hai aura mAthura saMgha meM picchi rakhane kA vidhAna nahIM hai / zrIzramitagati AcArya kA zrAvakAcAra mAthura saMgha kA hai; kintu usameM koI bAta aisI nahIM hai jo mUlasaMgha ke viparIta ho / kASTAsaMgha kA koI AcAragraMtha nahIM milatA aura yaha bhI nahIM mAlUma ki usameM aura mUlasaMgha meM: kyA antara thA; kintu uparyukta maiMnapurI ke lekha saMgraha se prakaTa hai ki kASTasaMgha aura mUla saMgha meM aisA kucha vizeSa virodha nahIM thA; yahI kAraNa hai ki eka hI jAti ke loga donoM hI saMghoM ke zranuyAyI the / itanA to nissandeha spaSTa hai ki ullikhita lekhoM ke samaya arthAt 14 vIM se 11 vIM zatAbdI I0 taka jainoM meM kASTAsaMgha aura mUla saMgha kI kaTTaratA kA pakSa nahIM thaa| yahAM taka ki loga kASTAsaMgha ke gae aura gaccha rUpa meM mUlasaMgha ke balatkAragaNa aura sarasvatI gaccha kA ullekha karate the| mAlUma nahIM mUla meM ina donoM saMghoM meM kitanA bhArI bheda thA / devasenAcArya ke batAye huye bhedoM meM kevala do, kar3e bAloM yA gAya kI pUMcha kI picchI rakhanA aura tullakoM ke liye arrar kA vidhAna karanA mukhya haiM / ( darzanasAra gA0 35) kintu ina bAtoM kA sambandha gRhasthoM se vizeSa nahIM hai| kahA jAtA hai ki kASTAsaMgha meM bIsa paMtha ke anusAra jinendrapUjana meM phala, phUla

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kiraNa 4 pratimA-lekha-saMgraha aura kezara carcAne kA rivAja thaa| kintu isase mI kucha siddhAnta bheda naz2ara nahIM par3atA aura isa taraha hama to samajhate haiM ki kASThAsaMgha aura mUlasaMgha meM z2yAdA bheda nahIM thaa| mAthura saMgha kA samparka kASThA saMgha se dhaniSTha thA aura yaha prakaTa hI hai ki mAthura saMgha ke zrAvakAcAra aura saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM meM mUlasaMgha se kucha bhI bheda nahIM thA, jaise ki zrIamitagati AcArya ke graMthoM se prakaTa hai| ata eva kASThAsaMgha ke sAtha bhI mUlasaMgha kA adhika aMtara honA asambhava hai yahI kAraNa hai ki mainapurI ke lekha saMgraha meM eka hI jAti ke loga mUla aura kASThA donoM saMghoM ke anuyAyI milate haiN| maiMnapurI ke bar3e maMdira jI meM eka hastalikhita guTakA saMvat 1867 kA DhAkA zahara kA likhA huA maujUda hai| usameM kASThAsaMgha ke anusAra nityaniyama arthAt deva-zAstra guru-pUjA dI huI hai| pracalita nityaniyama pUjA meM aura usameM kevala itanA hI aMtara hai ki usameM "kASTakavinirmukta' Adi" zloka ke bAda ye zloka aura diye huye haiM : "zrIyugAdidevaM praNamatya pUrva, zrIkASTAsaMghe mahite subhanyAH / (1) zrImatprataSThiA zrutato jinasya, zrIyajJakalpaM svahitAya vakSye // 12 // AdidevaM jinaM natvA kevljnyaanbhaaskr| kASThAsaMghazciraM jIyAkriyAkASThAdidezakaH // 13 // zrInAbhinaMdanavibhupraNipatya bhaktyA, yaddezanAmRtarasena jagatprapUrNam / kASThAkhyasaMghavaramaMgalahetunityaM, yasyAgamAnnigaditAMgha (?) karomi pUjAM // 14 // ina zlokoM meM kevala kASThAsaMgha kA bodha karAne kA bhAva hai aura usake utkarSa kI bhAvanA bhAI gaI hai| hAM, hamAro uparyukta vyAkhyA kA isase bhI samarthana hotA hai ki isa saMgha kA nAma deza apekSA hai, kyoMki uparyukta naM0 13 ke zloka meM isa saMgha kI kriyAyeM kASThAdi deza kI batAI haiN| mAlUma hotA hai ki sAmpradAyika dvaSabaza kATha kI mUrti Adi banAne kI apekSA kASThAsaMgha kahalAne ko kathAyeM kapolakalpanAvat racI gaI haiN| unameM kucha bhI sAra nahIM hai| kASTAsaMgha kI jainapUjA meM avazya kucha kriyA bheda thA; kintu vaha bhI vizeSa nahIM pratIta hotaa| pUjA meM agAr3I kucha bhI pATha bheda nahIM hai| kevala 'devajayamAla' meM 'vattA guTThANe' Adi ke sthAna para eka anya jayamAla hai, jisakA prAraMbha ina gAthAoM se hotA hai : "caubIsa jiNaMdaha tihuyaNacaMdaha, aha sayalaciyabhAyaNahaM / jayamAlA viravammi guNagaNa samarammi kamma mahAgiri cUraNahaM // 2 // jaya jaya risahaNAha bhava rahiyA, jaya jaya ajiya surAhiva mahiyA / ityAdi" senagaNa kA sambandha baMgAla ke senarAjavaMza se pratIta hotA hai| ( vIra varSa 4 pR0 328 ) balAtkAra gaNa kI utpatti kisa apekSA hai, yaha jJAta nhiiN| kahA jAtA hai isa gaNa ke suddha athavA z2abaradasta hone ke kAraNa yaha isa nAma se prakhyAta huA thaa|

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bhAskara [ bhAga 3 (2) kuTumba aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAyeM :, agravAla-gagaMgotre sA0 budhamala (1234 saM0) / 2 agrota-goyala-kASThA-sA0 rAjU bhAryA jAlhI-putra chAjU, kAmarAja, rAmacaMdra, caMdrapAla, jinadAsa, tArAcaMdra Adi (1537 saM0) 3 aprota-vAzila-brajamohanadAsabhAryA suMdari putra bAbU jagamohanadAsa, vAbU munisunatadAsa bhAryA kAMtAkuMvari, ArA nivAsI (saM0 1920) 4 aprota-garga-kelirAma puta DAlacanda mainapurI (1920 saM0) . 5 aprota-mittala-devadAsa bhAryA lAr3o, putra dharmamala, tejA, gayacaMda, cAhar3A, (1926) 6 aprota-rga-bhujU bhAryA tAlhI, putra ratno, haratAlhA aura lAhaTa bhAryA viNI, putra haMsa, bAI jinamati / (1526 saM0) 7 agravAlavaizya-bAbU rAmadAsa-chedIlAla, bisunacaMdra-narottamadAsa (1952) .. 8 agrota-vAsila gotre-sau khilAla, munisuvratadAsa (1910 saM0) . t ,-mItala gotre sA0 bhare bhAryA punimA, putra lakhA, hosA, vApU (1545) 10 , -chedIlAla, visunacaMda, narottamadAsa vaTezvara meM pratiSThA karAI (1952) , -garga-mUlasaMdhe-jhammanalAla (1645 saM0) 12 , -kukasagotra-mUlasaMghe malairAya bhrAtA kalyANa (1911 va 1657) 13 , -garga-kASThA kAsIrAma haracaMdapuramadhye pratiSThA karAI (1886 saM0). , lohiA-khuzAlacaMda haracaMdapura vAle (1602 saM0) ; kevalarAma mainapurI (1866) 16 , goyala gotra-sA0 adA bhAryA povAhI putra momanasiMha (1146 saM0) 17 , vAsila gotra--kASThA-uragadAsa bhAryA jAnhIM (1642) 18 , -garga--sA0 ratna bhAryA denhI puta sahaya bhAryA vAru putra SemacaMda (1110 saM0) // Rkeza zAtIye-varahaDAmA gotra-sA0 zivA bhA0 siMgAra Adi nAgapura (1951) 2. khaMDelavAla-luhADyA-saMghaI hRdayarAma (1783 saM0) , -sA haradAsa mUlasaMghe (1120 saM0) 22 , -siMdhiyA - sA0 himata bhAryA udhA puta padArthaka (1675 20) , -iSvAkvaMze-chAvarAgotra-nAnigarAma (1828 saM0) 24 , -pATanI-sA0 hIkama (saM0 1436) 25 gIyAgoge-saMghaI mAmasena

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kiraNa 4] pratimA-lekha-saMgraha 29 golAlArAnvaye-sAha piyU (1537 saM0) 2. , -sA0 bhauvA bhA0 paramA putra karNa bhA0 raNA putra bhISma (1925) 28 -kharauA jJAtIye-kulahA gota paMDitAcArya paM. bhojarAja bhAryA pyAro puta paM0 makaranda ityAdi (saM0 1686) , sA0 bhojU-malesiMha-sonarAja (1474 saM0) sA0 aiDaraja-(saM0 1521) 3.0, sA0 abhUbhAryA lar3o putra khausA (1511) 31 gola siMgArA-ragA gotra-zrIlAla bhAryA jiyA putra dharamadAsa dAmodara (1688) 32 jesavAla-kAThA saMghI- sA0 prithI bhA0 bhAnI putra visAhA riSabhadAsa (1628) 3 , -sA0 dAsa bhAryA rajamatI (saM0 1601) 34 , -kASThAsaMdhI-sA0 kanhara bhAryA jayazrI puta haMsarAja dvitIya bhAryA bhAvadhI pasa - rAmacaMdra (saM0 1531) , -mUlasaMdhe-sA0 jai siMha bhAryA sAmA putra mAdhava (saM0 1537) 36 , -kASThA-sA0 sUryacaMdra bhAryA nemA pula zrAvaNA (saM0 1437) 3. dhAko zAtIye saMghaI hemA bhAryA ambA putra saM0 mudUsA..."kasimavAsI (15......) 38 nagarakoTelagogA sA. naravara siMha (saM 1411) 36 poravAr3a jAti-sA0 rahaNA mAryA golasiri putra garjU bhojarAja (saM0 1111) 40 pule zAtIye khemija goge-sA0 tArana bhAryA kaina ..."rAjArAma khemakarana (1688 mUla) 1 mAhimavaMza-sA0 haMsArAdeva bhA0 pragaMdhA varenA; putra jaisI-tAvasI-gara sena (1988) 42 budela zAtiye mUlasaMgha-giradhArI lAla banArasIdAsa bhogAMva (1917) kaTarA mainapurI pnyciilaal| . , -gRma gotre-tulArAma bhAryA dArA putra devIdAsa aTera (1761 saM0) -lambakamacukAnvaye-kauA gotra-sA sivarAmadAsa bhAryA devajAhI putra devIdAsa bhAryA lAlA kuMvari putra zobhArAma.....(1772) -lampakaccukAnvaye-rAvata goge-badalU bhA0 ludhI putra keNarAya......... _. tulArAma (1766) 46 yaduvaMze lambakaJcukAnvaye sA0 uddharaNa putra asau bhAryA mUMgA putra saMghAdhipati vadhe bhA0 mUlA putra bhojarAja dhaupe grAma (1506) (noTa-isase prakaTa hotA hai ki pahale saMghAdhipati kI upAdhi eka hI vyakti ko rahatI thI khAnadAna ko nahIM)

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bhAskara ( bhAga 2 47 rAhat zAtIye-rAjamala seTha bhA0 sAvAI putra jagaDU bhA0 ziva putra surAma seTha (1606) .. 48 lambakAJcuka-mUlasaMdhe-sA0 cAGgadeva bhA0 tANa putra lAlhA bhA0 mahAdevI (1412) .. , -sA0 miNDe bhA0 sonA pukha sA jallU bhA0 manA (1525 saM0) 10 , -sahadeva+campA = hetadeva+mUlA = lekhanadeva, padmadeva, dharamadeva, (1413) --rAvata-rAvataprasAda putra rAvata siromani, caMDamAradurga (1734), 52 , - yaduvaMze-rapariyA gotra-chavIle - zaMkara (1760) 53 , -dipau + dUdA = sUra, khemA, sAlama, gaimA (1520) aMulI nivaasii| ... . , - rapariyA goze-mArasena+jIvanade=kharagasena+valako jayakRSNa va manasukha(1760) 55 laMbecU-ujAgara (1534) 56 , -yaduvaMza - pacolate gotra-sA bhAvate bhA0 hIrAmani putra kanhara, ramIle, lAlasena, ziromaNi, ativala (1722) 17 , -siulAla (1471) 58 vAkuliyA gotra-prabhasI putra rAjadeva (1102) 56 varahiyA kule-sA0 lhakhe+kusumA = malU+udayazrI = lahaNa, choTe va vIrasiMha (1545) . 60 saMghaI zrIkRSNadAsa (1746) 6. saMghaI ahimani (1962) 62 zrImAlavaMza--mUlasaMdhe--sA0 vihu (zrIpratApacaMda rAjye (saM0 1346) 63 sA0 lekhamala putra bhajanasiMha (1335) 64 sA0 saharadA vamohika lallU, vilasI (1526) 65 sA teja putra bhojAdeva (1530) 66 sA0 khuru putra vIdhA (1545) 67 sA vIrapAla bharyA ramIvAI 68 sA0 padAratha bhA0 jivA putra khemakaraNa paramA (1666) 66 sA0 mahat bhA0 kAnhamatI putra sarvata (1601) 70 sA0 jIvarAja popar3IvAla (1548-1546) 71 sA0 loNA (1525) / 72 sA0 bhimA mAtA gadA bIdhA (1546) 73 sA0 vijayapola-nAgapAla (prAcIna lipi meM) 74 sA jinadAsa kASThAsaMghe (1473) 75 sA0 raha putra nAniga kASTAsaMghe (1414)

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zrIpUjyapAda-kRta vaidya-sAra (anuvAdaka--paNDita satyandhara jaina, AyurvedAcArya, kAvyatIrtha) (gatAMka se Age) TokA-zuddha siMgarapha, 1 tolA, zuddha jamAlagoTA 6 mAzA, zuddha siMgiyA 3 mAzA, soMTha, mirca, pIpala tIna tIna mAzA, bar3I hara kA chilakA 3 mAzA araNDa kI jar3a kI chAla 3 mAzA, pUtakaraMja ko mAMgI 3 mAzA, nIlA suramA tathA zuddha menazila, zuddha pArA, tUtiyA bhasma, pIpala, kaur3I bhasma, zaMkha bhasma, zuddha dhatUre ke bIja, nIma kI niboDo kI girI. haladI, dAmahaladI ye saba tIna tIna mAzA lekara saba auSadhiyoM ko bakarI ke dUdha meM eka dina bhara kharala meM mardana kare tathA canA ke barAbara golI banAve, isa golI ko gur3a aura kAlI mirca ke sAtha sevana kare aura Upara se uSNa jala kA pAna kare to isase grAmadoSa kA recana hotA hai, pAMcoM prakAra ke gulma roga dUra hote haiM, zUla ko nAza karatA, vAyu kA zodhana karatA tathA zIta jvara kA nAza karanevAlA hai| yaha pUjyapAda svAmI kA banAyA huA uttama yoga hai| 33-pramehe pramehagajakesarI rasaH sUtaM ca vaMgabhasmAni nAkulobojamabhrakram / ayaskAMtaM zilAdhAtu kanakasya ca bIjakam // 1 // . guDUcI satvamityeSAM triphalAkvAthamarditAm / guMjAmAnavIM kRtvA chAyAzuSkAM tu kArayet // 2 // zarkarAmadhusaMyukto pramehon hati vizati / naTendriyaM ca dAhaM ca mandAgniMmadyadoSakaM // 3 // somarogaM mUtrakRcchra vastizUlaM vinshyti| pUjyapAdaprayogo'yaM pramehagajakesarI // 4 // TIkA-zuddha pArA, baMgabhasma, zuddha rAsanA ke bIja, abhraka bhasma, kAMta lauhabhasma, zuddha zilAjIta, zuddha dhatUre ke bIja, guruva kA satva ina saba auSadhiyoM ko triphalA ke

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bhAskara [ bhAga 2 kAr3he meM ghoMTa evaM eka eka rattI ke barAbara golI banAkara chAyA meM sukhaave| mizrI yA zahada ke sAtha isakA sevana karane se bIsa prakAra ke prameha ko nAza karatA hai, napuMsakatA, dAha, maMdAgni tathA madya ke doSa ko jItanevAlA evaM somaroga, mUtrakRcchra, vasti ke zUla ko bhI nAza karatA hai| yaha saba prakAra ke zUloM ko nAza karanevAlA pUjyapAda svAmI kA banAyA huA pramehagaja kezarI uttama prayoga hai| 34--mandAgnau bar3avAgnirasa: zuddhaM sUtaM tAmrabhasma tAlabolaM samaM smN|| arkatIreNa saMmartha dinamekaM dviguMjakam // 1 // bar3avAgnirasaM khAdenmadhunA sthaulyazAMtaye // pUjyapAdaprayukto'yaM khalu maMdAgninAzakaH // 2 // - TIkA-zuddha pArA, tAmrabhasma, tavakiyA haratAla bhasma, zuddha bola barAbara barAbara lekara ina saboM kA akauvA ke dUdha meM dina bhara ghoMTe tathA do do rattI kI gIlo klaaye| isI kA nAma bar3avAgni rasa hai-isako zahada ke sAtha sevana karane se sthUlatA dUra hotI hai| yaha pUjyapAda svAmI kA prayoga maMdAgni kA nAza karanevAlA hai| 35--raktadoSe tAlakezvararasaH tAlakaM mRtatAnaM ca samaM khalve vimardayet // bhyAkarkoTakIkaMdasvarasena dinatrayam // 1 // dviguMjaM madhunA dadyAt pazcAt kSaudrodakaM pibet // raktadoSaprazAMtyarthaM pUjyapAdena bhASitaH // 2 // . TIkA-takiyA haratAla kA bhasma tathA tAmrabhasma ye donoM kharala meM bAMjhakakor3A ke kaMda ke svarasa meM tIna dina taka ghoMTa kara do do rattI kI golI baaNdhe| usa golI ko subaha zAma madhu ke sAtha sevana kare aura Upara se madhu kA pAnI piye| yaha raktadoSa kI zAMti ke liye pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai| .

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kiraNe 4] vaidha-sAra 36--bahumUtre tArakezvararasaH mRtaM tAraM mRtaM vaMgaM mRtaM kAMtAbhrakaM sasam // mardayenmadhunA divasaM raso'yaM tArakezvaraH // 1 // mASaikaM lehayet kSaudraH bhumuunnivaarnnH|| mUtradoSaprazAMtyartha pUjyapAdena bhASitaH // 2 // TIkA-cAMdI kA bhasma, vaMga kA bhasma, kAMta lauha bhasma tathA abhraka bhasma ye cAroM barAbara barAbara lekara madhu ke sAtha eka dina bhara barAvara ghoMTe aura eka mAze kI mAtrA se prAtaHkAla madhu ke sAtha sevana kre| isakA bahumUtra roga kI zAMti ke liye pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai| 37-bhedijvarAMkuzarasa rasaMsya dviguNaM gaMdhaM gaMdhasAmyaM ca TaMkaNam // rasasAmyaM viSaM yojyaM maricaM paMcabhAgakaM // 1 // kaTphalaM daMtibIjaM ca pratyekaM maricAnvitam // gur3a cIsurasAsvarasaiH mardayedyAmamAtrakam // 2 // mApaikena nihatyAzu jvarAjIrNa tridoSajaM // kSaNe coSNaM kSaNe zItaM kSaNe'pijvaramutkaTaM // 3 // kacidrAtrau divA kApi dvitIyaMtryAhikaM ca tat // jvaracAturthikaM cApi* viSamajvaranAzanaH // 4 // TIkA - zuddha pArA 1 bhAga, zuddha gaMdhaka 2 bhAga, suhAge kA phUla 2 bhAga, zuddha viSa 1 bhAga, kAlI mirca 5 bhAga, kAyaphala 5 bhAga tathA zuddha jamAlagoTA 5 bhAga ina sabako gurca tathA tulasI ke rasa se ghoMTa kara rakha leve| eka mAzA kI mAtrA se anupAnavizeSa ke dvArA dene se saba prakAra ke jvara, ajINaM, pittaroga, zItajanya roga tathA utkaTa jvara sarva prakAra ke viSama evaM vyAhika, vyAhika, cAturthika jvara Adi ko zAnta karatA hai| 38--kSayakAsAdau agnirasaH zuddhasUtaM dvidhA gaMdhaM khalvena kRtakajjalI // tatsama tIkSNacUrNa ca mardayet knykaadrvaiH||1||

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28 bhAskara [bhAga 2 yAmadvayAt samuddhRtya tadgolaM tAmrapAnake // AcchAdyairaMDapazca yAmArdhenopNatAM vrajet // 2 // dhAnyarAzau nyaset pazcAt paMcAhAttaM samuddharet // supeSya gAlayedvalo satyaM vAritaraM bhavet // 3 // kanyAbhRGgIkAkamAcImuMDIniguDikAnalam // . koraTaM vAkucI brAhmI sahadevI :punarnavA // 4 // zAlmalI vijayA dhUrtadravaireSAM pRthak pRthk|| saptadhA saptadhA bhAvyaM saptadhA triphalodbhavaiH // 5 // kaSAye ghRtasaMyuktaM tAmrapAne kvacit kssnne|| trikuTastriphalA cailA jAtIphalalavaMgakam // 6 // eteSAM nava bhAgAni samaM pUrva rsNkssipet|| lihyAnmAkSikasarpibhyA pAMDurogamanuttamam // 7 // svayamagniraso nAma kssykaasnikRntnH|| arvyapAdaprakathanaH sarvaroganikRntakaH // 8 // TIkA-zuddha pArA 1 bhAga, zuddha gaMdhaka 2 bhAga ina donoM kI kajalI kare tathA kajalI ke barAbara zuddha tIkSNa loha kA cUrNa leve phira sabako ghIkuvAMrI ke svarasa se 2 pahara taka ghoMTe aura golA banAkara tAMbe ke saMpuTa meM baMda karake Upara se eraMDa ke patte se AcchAdana karake // ghaMTe taka AMca deve jisase yaha auSadhi garma ho jAya phira vaha saMpuTa dhAnya kI rAzi meM rakha deve tathA 5 dina taka dhAnya rAzi meM rahane ke bAda nikAle aura acchI taraha pIsa kara kapar3A se chAna le| pazcAt jala meM DAlakara dekhe, yadi jala ke Upara taira jAya to siddha humA smjhe| taduparAMta ghIkuvAri (gavArapAThA) mogarA, makoya, muMDI, negaDa, (samhAlU) citraka, kuraMTa, vAkacI, brAhmI, sahadevI, punarnavA, semala, bhAMga, dhatUrA ina sabake kAr3he se yA svarasa se alaga alaga sAta sAtabhAvanA deve tathA usameM thor3A ghI milAkara tAmme ke bartana meM kSaNa bhara ke liye rakkhe phira soMTha, mirca, pIpala, triphalA choTI ilAyacI jAyaphala, lauMga ina sabakA cUrNa aura saba ke barAbara Upara kahA huA agnirasa lekara ghI tathA madhu ke sAtha sevana kare to pAMDuroga zAMta hotA hai evaM kSaya khAMsI ko bhI isase lAbha hotA hai| yaha saba rogoM ko nAza karanevAlA pUjyapAda svAmI kA kahA huA uttama yoga hai| noTa-yaha aisA yoga hai ki isa yoga meM isI prakAra se lauha bhasma ho jAtA hai-vedya mahAnubhAva saMdeha na kreN|

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kiraNa 3 ] vaidya-sAra 31 - jvarAdau mahAjvarAMkuzarasaH zuddhasUtaM viSaM gaMdhaM dhUrtabIjaM tribhiH samam // sarva cUrNa dvigugavyoSaM cUrNaM guMjapramANakam // 1 // ghaTakaM bhRMganIreM kArayezca vicakSaNaH // mahAjvarAMkuzo nAma jvarAnsarvAn nikRntati // 2 // pakAhikaM dvayAhikaM vA tryAhikaM ca caturthakam // viSamaM vA tridoSaM vA haMti satyaM na saMzayaH // 3 // TIkA -- zuddha pArA, zuddha viSa, zuddhagaMdhaka, eka eka bhAga, barAbara barAbara tathA zuddha dhatUre ke bIja tIna bhAga, saba ke cUrNa se dUnA soMTha, mirca, pIpala kA cUrNa milAkara ghoMTa leve| phira isa rasa kI eka eka ratI ke barAbara bhaMgarA ke svarasa meM golI banAve / , yaha mahAjvarAMkuza rasa anupAna bheda se saba prakAra ke jvaroM ko tathA ekAhika, hyAhika yAhika aura caturAhika tridoSaja Adi saba jvara ko nAza karatA hai 1 40 - udararoge zaMkhadrAva: sphATikyaM navasArakaM ca lavaNaM tulyaM ca bhAgattrayam // sArdhaM bhUlavaNaM hitaM dravamidvaitad bhairavIyaMtrake // 1 // martyApItamidaM bhagaMdaramajIrNa mudarAdizulAdikam // zaMkhadrAva varAbhidhAnamudare bhUtAn rogAn haret // 2 // 26 TIkA - phiTakarI, nausAdara seMdhAnamaka ye barAbara barAbara lekara 1 || bhAga kalamI zorA sammizraNa kara bhairavayaMtra ke dvArA zaMkhadrAva nikAle / isake pIne se bhagaMdara, ajIrNa, udarazUla Adi praneka udara rogoM kA nAza hotA hai / 41 - vibaMdhe jayapAlayogaH - jayapAlasya ca bIjAni pippalI ca harItakI // tatsamaM zulvacUrNa tu bajrIkSIreNa bhAvitam // 1 // maricapramANaguTikAM tAMbUlena ca mardayet // uSNodakena vamanaM zItalena virecanam // 2 //

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20 bhAskara TIkA-zuddha jamAlagoTA ke bIja, pIpala, bar3I harra ko chilakA, bar3I harra ke barAbara tAmrabhasma ina sabako thUhara ke dUdha kI bhAvanA deve tathA pAna ke rasa ke sAtha kAlI mirca ke barAbara golI bAMdha leve| isako garma pAnI se sevana karane se bamana hotA hai tathA zItala jala ke sAtha khAne se virecana hotA hai| 42--zItajvare zItakezarIramaH hiMgulaM TaMkaNaM gaMdhaM sUtaM punaH gaMdhakaM // viSaM tutya kAMtazilAbolatAlanavasAgaraM // 1 // .. . kAravallIrase piSTvA mrdyedyaammaatrkm|| vaNamAnavaTI kuryAt gur3amizraM tu sevayet // 2 // cAturthikajvaraM haMti pathyaM dayodanaM hitam // sitebhakezarI nAma pUjyapAdena nirmitaH // 3 // TIkA-zuddha siMgarapha, suhAgA, zuddha gaMdhaka, zuddha pArA, zuddha viSa, tutya bhasma, krAMtalauha bhasma, zuddha zilA, zuddha bola, zuddha tavakiyA haratAla aura zuddha nausAdara ye saba cIjeM barAbara barAbara tathA gaMdhaka do bhAga lekara karele ke rasa meM eka prahara ghoMTa kara canA ke barAbara golI bnaave| isako purAne gur3a ke sAtha sevana karane se saba prakAra kA jvara nAza hotA hai| isakA pathya dahIbhAta hai| 43-zItajvare zItAMkuzarasaH tutthaM pAradaTaMkaNe viSavalI syAt kharparaM tAlakaM // sarva khalvatale vimartha guTikAM syAtkArabellyAH drauH|| guMjaikapramitaH suzarkarayutaH syAjIrakairvA yutH|| ekadvitricaturthakajvaraharaH zItAMkuzo nAmataH // 1 // TIkA-zuddha tRtiyA bhasma, zuddha pArada, zuddha suhAgA, zuddha viSa nAga, zuddha gaMdhaka, zuddha khapariyA, zuddha tavakiyA haratAla ina saboM ko lekara khala meM karele ke rasa se mardana karake eka eka rattI pramANa golI bnaave| mizrI aura jIre ke sAtha eka eka golI dene se saba prakAra ke viSamajvara dUra hote haiN|

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kiraNa 3 ] vaidya - sAra 44 - hRdarogAdau siddharasaH jAtIphalaM saiMdhavahigulaM ca suvarNamitraM viSapippalInAm // mahauSadhI bAyu biDaMgahemabIjaM samaJvonmattajaMbunIraiH // 1 // tadAdra tAyaiH pRthuyAmamAtraM niraMtaraM kalkaMkhalbamadhye // sumardanIyaM vaTakaM ca kuryAt guMjApramANaM sitayA sametam // 2 // nirhati hRdrogapramehasataM bAtAvisAraM grahaNIzisevaka // karoti nidrAM phaphazUlasiddharaso'yamAnayati prasiddham // 3 // " TIkA - jAyaphala, seMdhA mamaka, siMgarapha, zuddha suhAgA, zuddha viSa, pIpala, soMTha, vAyaviDaMga, aura satyAnAzI ke bIja ye saba barAbara bhAga lekara jaMvIrI nIMbU ke svarasa meM do prahara ghoMTa kara eka eka raptI ke pramANa golI banAve | yaha golI mizrI kI cAsanI ke sAtha sevana kare to hRdayaroga, prameha bAtaroga, bAtAtIsAra, grahaNI tathA ziroroga zAnta hotA hai, balki isase nidrA bhI AtI hai aura kaphajanya zUla isase zAnta hotA hai| 45 - zUlAdau zUlakuThArarasaH trikuTaH triphalAsutaM gaMdhaTaMkaNatAlakaM / tAmraviSaviSamuSTiM ca samabhAgaM samAharet // 1 // bhAgaviMzatibhiyuktaM jayapAlaM ca pRthak dadet / sarva bhRGgarase piSTvA gulikAM kArayet bhiSak // 2 // dyaH zUlakuThAro'yaM viSNucakramivAsurAn / sarvazule prayukto'yaM pUjyapAda maharSiNA // 3 // TIkA - trikaTu, triphalA, zuddha pArA, zuddha gaMdhaka, zuddha suhAgA, haratAlabhasma, tAmrabhasma * viSanAga aura zuddha kucalA ye saba eka eka bhAga tathA bIsa bhAga zuddha jamAlagoTA leve / sabako bhaMgarA ke rasa meM ghoMTa kara eka ratI pramANa golI banAve aura eka eka golI garma jala se deve to kaisA hI zula ho avazya hI lAbha hogaa| jisa prakAra viSNu ke sudarzanacakra se asuroM kA nAza huA usI prakAra isase zUla kA nAza hotA hai /

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32 bhAskara 46 - ajIrNAdau ardhanArIzvararasaH biSaM sagaMdhaM haritAlakaM ca manaHzilA nistuvadaMtibIjaM // sUtaM satAmra daradaiH sametaM pratyekametat samabhAgakaM syAt // 1 // nirgu Dipatrasya rasena peyaM dhattUrapatraM sahamaMjarI ca / dinatrayaM mardita eva samyak guMjApramANAM guTikAM prakuryAt // 2 // chAyAvizuSkaM saguDaM ca bhakSpaM prapakkadugdhamanupAnameva / sakoSNavArisadanAnupAnaM raso'rdhanArIzvaranAmadheyaH // 3 // [ mAMga 3 TIkA - zuddha viSa, zuddha gaMdhaka, haritAla bhasma, zuddha mainazila, zuddha jamAlagoTA, zuddha pArA, tAmra bhasma tathA zuddha siMgarapha ye saba samAna bhAga lekara samhAlu kI patI ke rasa kI bhAvanA deve phira dhatUre ke pattoM ke rasa kI bAda meM tulasI ke pattoM ko rasa kI bhAvanA deve| ina tInoM ke rasa kI tIna dina taka lagAtAra bhAvanA dene ke pazcAt eka eka ratI pramANa golI bAMdhe aura chAyA meM sukhAve / purAne gur3a ke sAtha sevana karane ke bAda eka pAva kaccA dUdha piye aura yadi ajIrNa ho to yaha golI garma jala ke anupAna se deve| yaha ardhanArIzvara rasa uttama hai / 47 - prameha candrakalArasa: palA tu karparazilAsudhAtrIjAtIphalaM gotrazAlmalItvak / sUtaM ca baMgAyasabhasmamaitatsamaM samaM tatparibhAvayecca // 1 // gur3a cikAzAlmalikArasena niSkArdhamAnaM madhunA ca dadyAt / vadhvA guTI candrakaletisaMjJA meheSu sarveSu niyojayecca // 2 // TIkA- choTI ilAyacI, zuddha kapUra, zuddha zilAjIta, zravalA, jAyaphala, gokharU, semala kI chAla, zuddha pArA, baMgabhasma aura lauhabhasma ye saba barAbara barAbara lekara kharala meM gurva tathA semara ke kaMda ke svarasa meM ghoMTa kara golI banAve aura subaha zAma 1 // mAze kI mAtrA se zahada meM sevana karane se sampUrNa prakAra ke prameha zAnta hote haiM /

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THE JAINA ANTIQUARY An Anglo-Hindi quarterly Journal, Vol. I, ) March, 1936. [ No. 4, Editors: Prof. HIRALAL JAIN, M.A., LL.B., P.E.S., Professor of Sanskrit, King Edward College, Amraoti, C. P. Prof. A. N. UPADHYE, M.A., Professor of Prakrata, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, S.M.C. B. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN, M.R.A.S., Aliganj, Distt. Etah, U.P. Pt. K. BHUJABALI SHASTRI, Librarian, The Central Jaina Oriental Library, Arrah. Published at THE CENTRAL JAIN ORIENTAL LIBRARY, ARRAH, BIHAR, INDIA. Annual Subscription : Foreign Rs. 4-8. Ialand Rs. 4, Single Copy Rs 1-4.

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Om. THE JAINA ANTIQUARY. "zrImatparamagambhIrasyAdvAdAmoghalAJchanam / jIyAtrailokyanAthasya zAsanaM jinazAsanam // " Vol. I. ) No. IV ARRAH (INDIA) March, 1936. Rules for Ascetics in Jainism, Buddhism Hinduism [S. C. GHOSHAL, M.A.B.L., Saraswati, Kavyatirtha, Vidyabhushan, Bharati.] Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism are the oldest religious movements in India, where a very large number of different religions have originated and secured innumerable votaries. Though there is evidence about the definite time when Buddhism was first preached, the origin of Hinduism and Jainisin is lost in obscurity. The earliest work on Hinduism is the Vedas, and the later Upanishads and Grihya and Dharma Sutras contain much valuable information regarding the principal tenets and practices of ancient Hindu religion. If we compare these with the same of Buddhism and Jainism, we shall find that the principal tenets and practices are similar in all these religions and the subsequent quarrels and frictions between the different votaries of these religions took rise in minor differences among householders. The sages of all those sects who were advanced in higher planes viewed with equanimity others without the slightest bitterness.

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68 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. 1 We shall show in this article that some of the practices in Jainism vehemently attacked by Hindus and Buddhists were included in their own religious doctrines. Jains have mostly been attacked for prescribing nakedness. Gautama Buddha attacked naked saints who are called Achelakas. Buddha said "O Bhiksus. There are some Achelakas, who attend calls of nature and eat in a standing posture. They lick their palms and fingures after eating. They do not go to beg, if called. They do not wait, if asked to do so. They collect rice by begging before all. They never accept alms, if the same be prepared for them beforehand. They never accept any invitation. They do not accept alms if offered from Kunti, Udukhal, Falaka, Danda and Musala. They do not accept alms if one among two persons rises up while eating and offers alms. They do not accept alms from a pregnant woman, from a woman who is engaged in suckling an infant................... They never touch fish or flesh. They never drink wine. They are satisfied with what they can get from a single house. .......... They eat at intervals of one, two seven or fifteen days. They live on vegetables. They practise meditation standing. They lie on thorns. Anguttara NikayaAchelaka Bagga. See also Manorathapurani). . In Dandavaggo we find Buddha speaking thus : "Na NaggacariyA Na jaTApaGkA NANAsakA thaNDilasAyikA vaa| rajo va jallaM DakkuTikApa dhAraNaM sAdheti maccaM avitigaNakaGkha // alaMkato cepi samaM careya saMto daNato Niyato vmbhcaarii| samvesu bhUtesu NidhAya daNDaM so bambhako so samaNa se bhikkhu / " I, E, "Nakedness, matted hair, mud, fasting, lying on the ground, smearing the body with dust' or standing still cannot cleanse a man who is not free from desire. Even if a man wears ornaments, if he be calm, collected and steady, and practises Brahmacharya and refrains from oppressing creatures, he is the real Brahmin and he is the real Sramana," he is the real Bhiksu. The Achelakas here referred to are the same who have practices of Digam Vara Jain saints. In the work named Mulachara by

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No. IV] RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM. 69 Batterakazharya we find that the condition of an Achelaka means non-covering of the body by cloth, deer-skin, barks, or leaves of trees. It has also been mentioned that ascetics should eat while standing and in the palm of their hands. Begging from a pregnant woman or from a woman engaged in suckling an infant is also prohibited. 3 The faults arising from fireplace, Udukhalas, and vessels, etc. have been mentioned for evidence. The previous arrangement for alms to particular persons have been prescribed as prohibitive. That the Jain monks did not accept invitations like Brahmins appear from a story in the Panchatantra where a Jain sage being invited says: "O Sravaka, why do you, who know Dharma, speak thus ? Are we like the Brahmanas that you are inviting us? We always move about according to rules and if we find a Srayaka having reverence, we go to his house, and if he prays with great persistence, we eat as much in his house as would enable us to live."6 Naked saints were not peculiar to Jain religion only, but were also found in the Hindu religion specially in the Sivaite secte. The fourth stage of life named Sannyasa or Bhiksu enjoined that the saints should wear only a Kaupin or remain entirely naked. (1) "vasthAjiNavakkeNa va ahavA pattAiNA asaMvaraNaM / NibhUsaNa NiggaMthaM accelakkaM jagadi pUjjaM // " (2) "aMjalipuDeNa ThiccA kuDDAivivajaNeNa samapAvaM / paDisuddhe bhUmitie asaNaM lidibhoSaNaM NAma // " (3) "prativAlA ativuDDhA ghAsattI gambhiNI va aMdhaliyA / aMtaridA va NisaNNA uccasthA ahava NIcathyA / " levaNamajaNakamma piyamANaM dArayaM ca zikkhaviya / evaM vinhA diyA puNa dANaM jadi diti dAyagA dosA // " (4) "appAsuraNa missaM pAsuyadavyaM tu pUdikammaM taM / cullI ukkhanI dabI bhAyaNagaMdhatti pNcvihN||" (5) "jAvadiyaM uddeso pAsaMDotti ya have smuddekho| samaNotti va prAdekho NiggaMthotti ya have samAdeso // " (6) "bhAH zrAvaka ! dharmajJo'pi kimevaM vadasi ? kiM vayaM brAhmaNasamAnAH, bata AmantraNaM karoSi ? vayaM sadaiva tatkAlaparicaryayA bhramanto bhaktibhAjaM zrAvakamavalokya tasva gRhe gacchAmaH, tena mahatA yatnena abhyarthitA tadgRhe prANadhAraNamAtrAmazanakiyAM kurmH|"

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70 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I In Siva Purana it is enjoined that if one thinks the practice of wearing clothes to be not correct, and if he has renunciation, he should leave even the staff and Kaupin; otherwise he may retain these two while entering upon the Asrama known as Sannyasa." The method of initiation of a saint is prescribed in the said Purana, and it has been mentioned that the wearing cloth should be laid aside and the desciple should walk naked for more than seven paces, but if he wishes to retain a loin-cloth conforming to the ideas of ordinary householders he may take up a Kaupin and a staff given to him by his Guru. 8 One who has conquered shame should practise nudity, while one who has not attained this stage but suffers from a sense of shame is permitted to wear a cloth or a skin. This alternative, however, has not been accepted as praiseworthy, for it has been mentioned that he is the best of saints and he is the highest of penitents who discirds the staff, loincloth, girdles, etc. 10 In Jabalopanishad, Paramahansa Upanishad, Naradaparibrajakopanishad, Bhiksukopanishad, Turiatitopanishad, Sannyasopanishad and Paramahansaparibrajakopanishad we find Param(7) "gRhNIyAddaNDakaupInAyucitaM lokavarzane / viratazcenna gRhaNIyAllokavRttivicAraNe // "" ____(Siva Purana. Kailasa Sanhita. III 51) (8) "prAsvAcamba samAgamba bhUmau vastrAdikaM tyajet / udaGmukhaH prAGmukho vA gacchet saptapadAdhikam // kiMcidramathAcAryastiSTha tiSThati saMvadet / lokasva vyavahArArtha kaupInaM daNDameva ca / bhagavan svIkuruSveti dayAt svenaiva pANinA // " [lbid. IX. 74-76] (9) "tatastu jaTilo muMDa: zikhaikajaTa eva thaa| bhUtvA snAtvA punarvItalajazcet svAdigamvaraH // anvaH kASAyavasanazcarmacIrAmvaro'thavA / ekAmbaro valkalI vA bhaveddaNDI ca mekhalI // " (Siva Purana Vayaviya Sanhita XXIX. 20--21) . (10) "tato daNDajaTAcIramekhalAdyapi cotsRjet / so'tyAzramI ca vijJeyo mhaapaashuptstthaa| sa eva tapatA adhaH sa eva ca mhaavrtii||"

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No. IV | RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM. 71 bansas and Jnana Vairajnya Sannyasis, who never wear any clothes. 11 In the Tantras also we find naked Avadhuts. 1 2 In Siva Purana, Kurma Purana, Padma Purana, etc, we find stories of Hindu naked saints moving about freely in the courts of kings, or in hermitages before females and begging alms from female householders. 18 It is only at a very late stage that nudity became an object of repugnance to a certain section of the Hindus, and we see a rule in the Hindu Smriti that one should practise purification when one sees a naked saint. Nakedness became associated with Jainas only, forgetting that the highest gods and goddesses of the Hindus like Siva and Kali are naked, and the great sages of old were advocates of nudity when they reached the fourth stage of the Asramas prescribed in the Shastras for the Hindus. There are rules for Paribrajakas following Hinduism in the Vedio period for. observing nudity. In Apastam ba Dharmasutra we find : " Tasya muktamachchhadanam vihitam." "Sarvatah parimoksameke." In Vaikhanasa Dharmaprasna we read : "Paramahansa nama sambara digambara pa." As regards the practice of non-washing the body, we find that Asnana is one of the Mulagunas of the Jainas. . "Nhanadi bajjanena ya vilitta jalla malaseda sabbangam. Anhanam ghoragunam samjamadugapalayam munino." (MULACHARA) i.e., a Yati should desist from bathing, etc., and his body may (11) For a detailed description and quotations see my work entitled "The Digambara Saints of India" Pages 40-44. (12) "feriastar atenuar meat waa." (Nirvana Tantra) Also "gayaa fafaa: Tres faign: 1 sacelazcApi digvAsA vidhiyonivihAravAn // agiot adqiten gertat faciat: 1" (Mundamala Tantra. Patala II.) (13) See my "The Digambara Saints of India " Chapter IV,

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72 . JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I be covered with dirt, sweat, etc., and he should practise at the same time the restraint of the senses and the mind. In Gobhila Grihya sutra we find that the Brahmacharies in the Vedic ages were forbidden to bathe : D "Snanam." From the previous Sutra the word "Barjjaya ?? follows. This means " Leave bathing." In Apastamba Dharamsutra we find : "Angani na praksaliyata." i.e. "Do not wash the limbs." In the following Sutra it is mentioned that if any one touches an unclean thing he can wash his body. The point is that a sage should not constantly give his thoughts to his body, as his attention should always be to higher things. The Jaina sages do not cleanse their teeth. "Angulinhavalehanikalihim pasanachhalliyadihim. Dantamalasohanayamsamjamagutto adantamanam." (MULACHARA.) i.e. A Yati should not clean his teeth by fingers, nails, tooth-picks or other articles. The Vedic Brahmachari also did not clean his teeth. In Gautania Dharma Sutra we find : "Barjjayen madhumansa......snana-dantadhavana......" .e. "Leave Honey, flesh,...... bathing and cleaning teeth." About the very spare eating of the Jain saints mentioned in Achelaka bagga quoted above, we my mention that in Hinduism and Buddhism we find constant injunctions about restraining food, Aswaghosa in his puddhacharita has put into the mouth of Buddha : "Aharah pranajatrayai na bhogaya na driptaye." i.e. "The food should only be to keep the life and not for enjoyment or pride." Apastam ba bas mentioned that a person following the Banaprastha Asrama should pick up the grains after the reapers remove the crops. They should not take anything more.

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No. IV ] RULES FOR ASCETICS IN.JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM. 73 "Silonch hena vartayet. Na chata Urddhwam pratigrinhiat." In Vasistha Dharmasutra we find : "Pranajatrikamatrah syat." i.e. "Be only content with what is essentially necessary to live " Baudhayana also says : "Aharamatram bhunjita kevalam pranajatrikam." i.e." Eat only that food which enables one to live." In the Satapatha Brahmana we find : " Yaduha va atmasammitamannam tadavati tanna hinasti. Yad bhuyo binasti tad yat kaniye na tadavati." ?.e. " That rice which is measured according to one's necessity, never causes any suffering. That which is much, causes . suffering. That which is less than necessary, cannot keep on life." In the Srimadbhagavadgita also it has been mentioned : " Yuktaharabiharasya yuktachestasya karmasu. Yuktaswapnababod hasya yogo bhavati duhkhaha.". i.e. "The Yoga of one who practises eating, sleeping, waking, movements and action keeping due moderation becomes capable of removing sufferings" The same thing has been clearly set forth in Mulachara : "Na balayusauattam na sarirassuvachayatta tejatam. Nanatta samjamattam.jhanatam cheva bhunjejje." i.e. "Do not eat to gain strength, long life, sweet taste, development of the body cr spirit." Eat for the sake of knowledge, restraint and contemplation." As regards the practice of Jaina Yatis regarding lying on the ground, Mulachara lays down: " Phasuya bhumipayese appamasamtharidamhipachohanne: Dandam dhanubba sejjam khidisayanam oyapasena." ie. "A Yati should lie on a place where there are no living creatures which may be killed by the pressure of his body. The place should be secluded and the bed should be of insignificant materials such as grass. He should lie on one of his sides either

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74 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I straight like a rod or a little curved like a bow, but never on his back or with his face downwards." It will appear from the rules prescribed for the Vedic Brahmacharis that they also were enjoined to lie on the ground. In Khadira Grihya Sutra we find. "Adhah sambesi " i.e. "He should lie on the ground." The commentator Rudraskanda has mentioned that this rule prohibits the use of cots etc. In the commentary of Apararka of Yajnyabalkya Samhita the following rule from Yama is quoted: "Khattvasanancha sayanam barjjayed dantadhabanam. Swapedekah kuses weva." i.e. "Discard sitting or lying on cots, refrain from cleansing teeth, and sleep alone on the Kusa grass." In Vasistha Dharmasastra we find : "Khattasana dantapraksalanabarjji." i.e. "One should refrain from lying on cots and washing the teeth." In Paribrajaka Dharma (10. 8) there is a rule that one should be "Sthandila sayi" i.e., a sleeper on the ground." The rule that the Jaina ascetics should remain in the same. place during the rainy season was also followed by the Hindu and Buddhist saints. In Gautama Dharmasutra it is enjoined that a Bhiksu should remain in the same place during the rains. "Dhruvasile Barsasu" (3. 12). The Buddhists also followed this practice. In Mahabagga we find that when Buddha was in Rajagriha he was informed that the Sakyaputra Sramanas wandered during the rainy season causing damage to young grass and destroying small creatures. Buddha then ordered that his desciples also should remain in the same place during the rainy season. The Vedic Bhiksus did not reside in houses. (Apastamba 2. 9. 21. 10). The Sakyaputra Sramanas following the Buddhistic religion at first resided in forests, under the trees, in open fields or in caves. In Chullabagga we find that according to the

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No. IV) RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM. 75 request of a Sresthi in Rajagriha, Buddha permitted the Bhiksus to reside in Vibaras or Asramas. We find Jain saints also residing in open air. Apart from these external practices, we see a similarity in the principles which are essential in Binduism, Jainism, and Buddbism. A Jain Yati has to practise twenty-eight Mulagunas, which are five Mababratas, five Samitis, five kinds of control of senses, six Avasyakas, uprooting of hair, non-bathing, nudity, not cleansing the teeth, lying on the ground, taking food in the standing posture and only in the hollow of the hands, and eating only once during the day. We have already shown that in the Hindu and Bauddha systems there are outward practices similar to those in Jainism regarding nudity, non-bathing, not cleansing the teeth, and lying on the ground. Regarding uprooting the hair the Jain ascetics uproot the hair of the head, beard, and moustache every two months, or every three months, or every four months. Fasting and Pratikramana should be practised on that day. In Mulachara this is thus enjoined: "Viya tiya chaukka mase loche ukkassa majjhina jainno. Sapadikkamane divase uvayaseneva kayavve."' In Gautama Dharmasutra we find : "Mundah sikbi va." j.e. A Bhiksu should shave his head, or keep only a tuft of hair. Haradatta in his commentary on this Sutra writes : "Sarvaneva kesan saha sikhaya vapayed. Sikhabarjjam vapayed va....... Ata Sruti smriti : " Agneriva sikha nanya yasya jnanamayi sikha. Sa sikhitityuchyate vid wannetare kesadliarinah." i.e. Shave off all hair including the tuft or excluding it........ So it has been mentioned in the Srutis and Smrities : He is the really tufted person who has the tuft of knowledge like a flame of fire. Others are merely holders of hair. The Buddhist monks also shaved their heads.

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76 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I The five Mahabratas of the Jains are: 1. Abimsa, not to cause any injury to any living being by thought, speech or conduot; 2. Satya, truth in thought, speech or action. 3. Asteya, to take nothing unless and except it be given. 4. Brabmacharya, chastity and 5. Parigrahatyaga, renunciation of worldly concerns. In Tattwarthadhigamsutra these are thus enumerated : " Himsanritasteyabrabmaparigrahevyo biratirvratam." In Baudhayana Dharmasutra all these five have been mentioned as Vratas. Viz. "Athemani Vratani bhavanti Ahimsa Satyam Astainyam Maithunasya cha barjjanam Tyaga ityeva." 2, 10, 41. In Patanjala Yogasutra the Angas of Yoga are described in Chapter II. Among these Yogangas are the five Yamas. These are nothing but the same Mahavratas of the Jainas. The two Yogasutras are : "Yamaniya masanapranayamipratyabaradharanadhyasana madhayostwavangani." "Ete jatidesakalasamayanavachchinnah sarvvabhaumah Mahavratam." Yogasutra. II--30. 31. In the rules for the Vedio Brahmacharis, also, these are men. tioned in different places. In Apastamba 1, 1, 2, 26 we find " He shall preserve chastity." In Gautama III, 12 we find." "He must be chasto." In Gautama III, 11 we find: "An ascetic shall not possess any store." The Buddhists have Panchasila or Pancha. siksapada which are the same as the five vratas of the Jainas. These are: 1. One should refrain from Pradati pata. 2. One should refrain from Adattadan. 3. One should refrain from Abrahmacharya. 4. One should refrain from Mrisabada 5. One should refrain from drinking wine. Next come the five Samitis of the Jainas. These are : 1. Irya, or A Yati should walk carefully during the day-time, avoiding trampling of insects etc., and only with some specified object.

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No. IV | RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM. "Plasuyamaggena diva jugantarappehina sakajjena. Jantuna pariharanteniriyasamidi have gamanam." MULACHARA. 2. Bhasa. A Yati should refrain from finding fault with, or ridiculing others. He should not praise his own acts, and should not engage in harsh talk or undesirable gossip. "Pesunnahasa kakkasa paraninda ppappa samsa bikahadi. Vajjitta sa parahiyam bhasasamidi have kabanam.". MULACHARA. 3. Esana. A Yati should eat pure food free from forty-six kinds of faults. He should eat only to appease hunger, being indifferent whether the food be hot or cold. "Chhadaladosasuddham karanajuttam visuddhanavakodi. Sidadisamabhutte parisuddha esanasamidi." MULACHARA. 4. Adananiksepa. This consists of careful handling of materials such as books, brush of peacock-feathers, water-pot etc. * Nanubahi samjamuvahim sauchuvabim annamappa muvabm va. Payadam gahanikseve samidi adanapiksepa." MULACLARA. 5. Pratisthapanika. This is easing oneself in a placo solitary and hidden from the eyes of men, and which is not prohibited from being used for such a purpose, which is at a distance from villages and residences of people, and where there are no holes (where insects etc. may live.) "Egante achchitte dure gudhe visalamabirohe. Uchcharadichohao padithavaniya bave samidi." MULACHARA. In the rules for Vedic ascetics we also find the same enjoined. In Gautama III. 17 and 18 we find " Abandoning all desire for sweet food." "He shall restrain his speech, his eyes and his actions." "In Baudhayana 2, 3,20 we find "Let him not make empty, ill-sounding, or harsh speeches."

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JAINA ANTIQURY. [ Vol. I In Apastamba Dharma-sutra it is enjoined Let him not be addicted to gossipping." "Let him be discreet." 1, 1, 3, 13, 14. "Let him avoid to praise himself before his teacher, saying "I have properly bathed or the like" (Ibid. 1, 11, 32, 10.) "He sball...... observe silence, uttering speech on the occasion of the daily recitation of the Veda only." (Ibid. 2, 9, 21, 21.) Gautama prescribes that it is'prohibited " to make bitter speeches." II. 19. "A Brahmin shall always abstain from spirituous liquor's II, 20." He shall keep his tongue, his arms, and his stomach in subjection" II, 22. "He shall avoid to contend with words." "He shall keep his organ, his stomach, his hand, his feet, his tongue, and his eyes under due restraint" IX. 50. Vasistha lays down: "To avoid backbiting, jealousy, pride, self-consciousness, un-belief, dishonesty, self-praise, blaming others, deceit, covetousness, delusion, anger, and envy is considered to be the duty of men of all orders." X, 30. "Let him not make empty, ill-sounding, or harsh speeches." II, 3, 6, 20. Very detailed rules are given in the Dharmasutras for attending calls of nature. Some of these are given below : " He shall eat facing the east, void faeces facing the south, discharge urine facing the north." "He shall void excrements far from his house, having gone towards the south or southwest." Apastamba. 1, 11, 31, 1, 2. "Let him not ease nature without first covering the ground with grass or tbe like. Nor close to his dwelling. Nor on ashes, on cowdung, in a ploughed field, in the shade of a tree, on a road in beautiful spots. Let him eject both urine and faeces facing the north in the daytime." Gautama, IX. 38-41. "A man who knows the sacred law shall perform in secret all acts connected with eating, the natural evacuations,...... And a man shall void both urine and faeces facing the north in the daytime.rs Vasistha VI. 9-10.

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No. IV RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM. 79 The rule about control of the sense-organs as laid down for the Jaina ascetics is this: 66 Chaksu sodam ghanam jibbha phasam cha indiya pancha. Sagasagavisayachinto nirohiyabba saya munina." i.e A sage should not see dancing, hear sounds of musical instruments, enjoy scents of sandal, etc., eat food palatable like the same used by householders, or touch articles giving a sense of pleasure. In the Vedic rules for Brahmacharis, the same control of the senses has been ordained. 39 "Nor pungent condiments salt, honey, or meat.' "He shall not use perfumes." is He shall not embellish himself (by using ointments and the like)" Apastamba 1, 1, 2, 23, 25, 27. "Let him restrain his organs from seeking illicit objects." lbid 1, 1, 3, 18. In Gautama we find : "He shall avoid honey, meat, perfumes, garlands, sleep in the daytime, ointments, collyrium, a carriage, shoes, a parasol, love, anger, covetousness, perplexity, garrulity, playing musical instruments, bathing, cleaning the teeth, elation, dancing, singing, calumny, and terror. II. 13. He shall avoid to show himself covered with perfumed ointments or wearing garlands" IX 32. "There is no salvation for him, who is addicted to the pursuit of the science of words, nor for him who rejoices in captivating men, nor for him who is fond of good eating and fine clothing, nor for him who loves a pleasant dwelling." Vasistha. X. 20. "Let him avoid dancing, singing, playing musical instruments, the use of perfumes, garlands, shoes, or a parasol, applying collyrium (to his eyes) and anointing the body." (Baudhayana. 1, 2, 3, 24) In Buddhism, also, Astasilas or eight Silas are prescribed and the seventh and eighth Silas prescribe that the Bhiksus should refrain from dancing, music, playing upon musical instruments and they should not use garlands, ointment, and ornaments.

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80 JAINA ANTIQUARY. [Vol. I Seeing these similarities in the rules for ascetics, western scholars like Prof. Max Muller in Hibbert Lectures, Prof. Buhler in his translation of the Baudhayana Sutra, Prof. Kern in his History of Buddhism in India, and Prof. Jacobi in his Introduction to the translation of the Jaina Sutras (Sacred Books of the East Vol. XII Part I) have come to the conclusion that the originals of the monastic orders of the Jainas and Buddhists are to be found in the Hindu ascetic. "The Brahmanic ascetic was the model from which they borrowed many important practices and institutions of ascetio life." (Jacobi.) It may, however, be remembered that the rules for renunciation of the wordly objects and practising penances are similar every. where in the world. The penances of ascetics in India find their counterpart in the suffering of Christian saints. With the advance in successive stages of asceticism hermits of every sect and every country take up almost similar practices with a slight difference according to the climatic conditions. In a warm country like India it is essential that the hermits should make themselves used to the biting of mosquitoes and flies and we find instructions regarding the same in Hindu and Jaina canons. Baudhayana prescribes : "Na druhyed dansamasakan himavan ta paso bhabet." ie. A hermit should not be averse to bites from flies and mosquitoes. In Jainism it is one of the Parisahas to endure the biting of flies and mosquitoes. Even Christian saints like Macarius of Alexandria, St. Marc of Athens, and Saint Mary of Egypt moved about without any clothing to protect their bodies against the inclemencies of weather. As a result of these outward practices the internai change is the same in hermits of all classes. There is the thought of Maitri, Pramoda, Karunya, Madhyastba ("Maitri-pramoda-karuny-madbyasthyani cha sattwagunadhikaklisyamanabinayesu" Tattwarthasutra VII 11) in their minds. (Maitri-karuna-muditapeksanam sukhadubkha punyapunyavisayanam bhabantah chittaprasadanam" (Yoga sutra of Patanjali I, 33) The Asravas are checked by Sambara according to Jainism, which Sambara is described thus in Buddhism:

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No. IV RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM. 81 (6 Kayena samvare sadhu sadhu vachaya samvare. Manasa samvare sadhu savvattheo samvare. 99 (Dhammapada. Bhiksubaggo 2. We should therefore remember that though the goal is the same, the paths and means of locomotion are different according to the inclination of different persons. As Ramakrishna Paramahansa has said, "Though men appear alike on the outside, they are entirely different in their internal likings and capacities. So, what is good for one is injurious to another." Religious teachers in India always recognized this, and prescribed rules to suit individual tendencies. This is opposed to the congregational activities of the West and the idea of the Church. In India it is the Guru who judges what is suitable for the religious aspirant, and individual struggle is necessary for one's spiritual uplift. The rules to help one advancing in the religious path are in substance the same, though in practice these may have become different. It is useless to quarrel for these differences, for every rule and custom was introduced for a particular purpose, and men are free to choose what is suitable for them according to their belief. In the words of Ramakrishna "He alone is really great who can realize the truth in the different doctrines."

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bhAskara ---- YOT indra (elorA ) (dakSiNa bhAratIya kalA )

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No. IV 1 JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA 83 JAIN ART IN SOUTH INDIA (By Prof. Shripad Rama Sharma, M.A.) [Continued from page 62.] Yet Ellora forms one of a group; there are others, more ancient, further South. "When Buddhism was tottering to a fall," observes Burgess, "the Jainas timidly at first in Dharwar and the Dekkhan, and boldly afterwards at Elura, asserted themselves as co-heirs to the Buddhists, with the Brahmins."1 The caves at Ellora, being thus of later date, are supposed to represent a decadent age in Jaina sculpture. The rock-cut style was only a passing episode in their architectural history and was dropped by the Jainas when it was no longer wanted. It has had no permanent effect upon their own peculiar style. Notwithstanding this, however, the architects who excavated the two Sabhas at Elura," says Burgess," deserve a prominent place among those, who, regardless of all utilitarian,considerations, sought to convert the living rock into quasi-eternal temples in honour of their gods." There are similar excavations in the Deccan at Badami, Aihole, Dharasinva, Ankai, Patany, Nasik and Junagad, as well as in the far South of Kulumulu or Kalugumalai in the Tinnavelly District. The caves at Dharasinva (37 miles n. of Solapur) are, perhaps the largest of these. The halls here are of considerable size, being 80 ft. deep and 79-85 ft across, with eight cells in each of the side walls and six in the back, besides the shrine. In one is an image of Parsvanatha with a seven-hooded serpent above him, seated on a throne, in jnana-mudra. Hanging from the east is a carved representation of rich drapery. In front of it was a wheel set edge-wise, with antelopes at each side. Then there are sardulas, and other nondescript monsters as well. That at Aihole is two-storeyed with a number of halls attached as at Ellora. From their appearance, as well as the presence of the peculiarly Southern Gummata (as at Badami) Fergusson concludes that the excavators must have 1. Burgess, op. cit., p. 510. 2. Ibid., pp. 511-12; cf. his Report on the Cave Temples in Western India, p. 44, f. 3. Ibid., pp. 503-04; Fergusson, op. cit., pp. 18-19.

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84 JAINA ANTIQUARY [Vol. I brought the Dravidian style with them into the Deccan. He says, the Ellora group (i.e. the Deccan) exhibits an extraordinary affinity with the southern style. They must have all been excavated by the Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas (7th to the 8th cent. A. D.) whose kingdoms extended from the Tungabhadra and Krishna in the South to Ellora and Malkhed in the North?. The Badami oave contains names of Digambara Sadhus, and the figures are marked by the sacred thread seen also in the statue of Indra at Ellora ; on either side of the statue of Malavira are chauri. bearers, sarduias, makaras etc.2. The caves of Nasik have cells and halls for the monks, and those at Yeola in the same district have small but richly-carved door-ways. Among the smaller caves of interest might be mentioned those of Ankai, in the Khandesh district. They are seven in all, and belong to about the 1lth or 12th cent. A. D. They are rich in sculpture; a notable sample of wbich are the female dancing figures on petals bearing musical instruments. That of Kalugumalai, in the Tinnevelly district, is a rock-cut temple which deserves mention also not for its size but for its elegance of details. The temple now used by the Saivas is described as "a gem of its class.". It too belongs to about the same period as the caves of Ankais. These excavations are not copies of structural buildings, but are "rock-cut examples, which had grown up into a style of their own distinct from that of structural edifices "8. Jaina art is to an overwhelming degree religious, and hence we find in it a certain lack of the purely aesthetic element conducive to its own growth. Even religion is emotional, and in the conventional Jaina art the ethical object predominates. The dominance of this ideal is indicated by sculptures representing scenes from the lives of their saints, rather than heroes in any 1. Burgess, pp. 20-22. 2. Ibid., A. S. of W. I., Belgaum and Kaladgi Dists. 1874, pp. 25-26 ; Cave Temples, p. 491. Burgess and Cousens, Revised Lists of Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency, VIII, pp. 46-49, 52. Fergusson, op. cit., pp. 18-19; Burgess, Cave Temples, pp. 505-37. 22 ; Burgess, op. cit., p. 159. ci inco 90

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Noi IV JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA other walk of life. For instance, in the Chandragupta Basti at Sravana Bego!a, the fagade is made of a perforated stone screen containing as many as ninety sculptured scenes of events in the lives of Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta. It also finds illustration in the pictorial art of painting. On the walls of the Jaina Matha at Belgola are several examples of how the chief tenets of their religion were sought to be inculcated by means of this art. In one of the panels (North) Parsvanatha is represented in his samavasarana or heavenly pavilion where the Revalin or Jina preaches eternal wisdom to the sravaka. A tree with six persons on it illustrates the six lesyas of Jaina philosophy by which the soul gets merit and demerit. Neminatha is also similarly represented in the act of expounding religious doctrine. The only secular scene that finds a place there is that of Krishnaraja Odeya III during his Dasara-darbar (on the right panel of the middle cell)?. But even such paintings are very rare in South India. There is nothing in what has survived of Jaina art in South India comparable with the immaculate Buddhist frescoes of Ajanta. A few traces of old paintings are still to be seen on the ceilings of the Ellora caves. There are also some at Canchipuram and Tirumalai in the South 3. Dubreuil has drawn attention to others at Sittanavasa] in Pudukottai State, near Tanjore, assigned to about the 7th cent. A D.4. These paintings are in a Jaina rock.cut temple, akin in their style to Ajanta. but less forceful and impres sive.5 More interesting, perhaps, are those of Tirumalai (N. Arcot). Smith says, the Jaina holy place at Tirumalai'is "remarkable as possessing the remains of a set of wall and ceiling paintings ascribed, on the evidence of inscriptions, to the 11th cent. A. D. (E.I. ix,229;".6 Traces exist of still older paintings covered up by the existing works. But with the exception of one they are 1. Rice, Mysore and Coorg from the Inscriptions, p. 5; cf. Smith, op. cit. ; pp. 270. . Cf. Ep. Car. II Introd., pp. 80-81. 3. Coomaraswamy, op. cit., pp. 118-18 ; Ibid. III. PI. LXXX. 256. 4. Dubreuil. Pallava Painting, d. 3: Coomaraswamy, op. cit., p. 89. 5. Cf. Ajit Ghose, A Comparative Survey of Indian Painting, I.H.Q, II 2, p. 303. 6. Smith, op. cit., p. 344.

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86 JAINA ANTIQUARY, I Vol. II said to be purely .conventional and of little artistic importance. That exception is a representation of twelve Jaina nuns who are white-robed. But they are not to be supposed that they are Svetambara; for we have seen that such an order of Digambara sisterhood still exists in the Arcot district, of whose antiquity, : therefore, this is a valuable confirmation. 1 Apart from this mural painting, there was another kind of Jaina art which was particularly prevalent in Guzerat, viz, the art of illustrating with beautiful pictures manuscripts of not less artistic interest than they were of religious importance. Dr. Coomaraswamy has observed that Mediaeval Inlian art has nothing finer to show than these Jaina paintings; only the early Rajput pictures of ragas and raginis are of equal aesthetic rank. ' A short allusion to these therefore would not be a digression, especially as the subjeots.' . dealt with are persons of vital interent to our history. "The tradition of Jaina painting", says Coomaraswamy, "is recovered in manuscripts of the thirteenth and subsequent centu. ries. The text most frequently illustrated is the Kalpa sutra of Bhadrabahu, containing the lives of the Jainas, most of the space being devoted to Mabavira. There are also illustrated cosmologies and cosmological diagrams, and appended to the Kalpa Sutra there is usually to be found the edifying tale of Kalikacharya......... The pictures take the form of square panels of the full height of the page, occupying spaces left for the purpose; only in very rare cases is the wbole page used. The proper subject to be represented is often indicated by a marginal legend, sometimes by a diagramatic marginal sketch, former doubtless due to the scribe, but the latter to the artist taking note of his instructions. The same subjects are repeated in the various manuscripts almost without variation. It is quite evident that both in composition and style the pictures belong to an ancient and faithfully preserved tradition" 3. There is a similarly illustrated manuscript of Bhaktamara Stotra, in the Ailak Panalal Digambara Jaina Saraswati Bhavana 1. Of. Thurston, Castes and Tribes of Southern India, II, pp. 432-33. 2. Coomarswamy, Introduction to Indian Art, p. 117. 3, Ibid., pp. 214-15.

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NO. IV) JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA 87 (Bombay), which, however, being on paper unlike the palm-leaf described by Coomaraswamy, has full-page coloured paintings of unique artistic value. It is a pity that it is so damaged and worn out that at the slightest touch the paper crumbles to dust. Not the least interesting figure in.it (out of nearly forty) is that of a four-headed Digambara Brahma, standing on a lotus-stool with the Bull of Adinatha below. There is a triple umbrella over his heads, the whole profile being surrounded with a halo of light. On the right is a naked sadhu, standing on a wooden seat; and on the left a crowned royal figure. On the inner surface of the back over: leaf are carelessly scribbled the words: 'saa 9588 ad flaturate na rad Name AreaST BIZTIEITTH Antzat ferafe. l' (Sam. 1751, Phalgun 13). But the contrast of this with the artistic script of the text as well as the present condition of the manuscript makes it appear to be much older. Other manuscripts on palm-leaves like Pampa Bharata in Kanarese script, are not wanting in this treasure-house of Jaina manuscripts. One more example of book-illustration, the only one I have seen of South India, is that from an old illumined manuscript of Nemichandra's Trilokasara where the great teacher is represented as expounding the doctrines of his religion, and among the auditorium is said to be Chamundaraya, his famous disciple, who caused the Belgo!a colossus to be erected. From this we must now turn to yet another form of Jaina art, namely, that of inscribing on rock or copper-plate, some of which are of not less artistic interest than they are of historical value. The Kudlur plates of Marasimha Ganga, for example, are both literature, art, and history rolled in one. Particularly noteworthy in it is the seal which is beautifully executed. It is divided transversely into two unequal compartments, the upper enclosing about three fourths of the space, and the lower about one-fourth. The upper division has in the middlea fine elephant in relief, standing to the proper right, surmounted by a parasol with the sun and the crescent at the upper corners. Behind the elephant is a lamp-stand with what 1. For a facsimile of this illustration see, Dravyasamgraha. S.B.J. I Introd. p. XXXIX (facing).

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88 JAINA ANTIQUARY [Vol. I (6 looks like a chouri above it, and in front is a vase surmounted by a dagger, and another lamp-stand. The lower compartment bears in one horizantal line the legend: Sri MarasinghaDevam in Hale-kannada characters 1. The official designation of the engravers is often Viswakarma; and not infrequently we have reference to "the ornament to the forehead of titled sculptors" 2. The banners of Jaina kings are also not without interest. Those of Ganga Permadi and Hastimalla, indicate the stamp and symbol of Jainism, viz. the Pincha-dwaja (Flag of pea-cock feathers) described as "the banner of the divine Arhat" 3. Finally, we cannot conclude this survey better than by pointing to the taste of the Jainas in always selecting the best views for their temples and caves. At Ellora they came perhaps too late, when the best sites had been already appropriated by the Buddhists and the Hindus; but speaking of the Jaina ruins at Hampi, Longhurst observes, "unlike the Hindus, the Jainas almost invariably selected a picturesque site for their temples, valuing rightly the effect of environment on architecture" 4. The hill originally occupied by them, South of the great Pampati temple, is significantly called the Hema Kutam or the Golden, Group 5 There is also not a more picturesque spot in the vicinity than that chosen and occupied by the Jainas at Sravana Belgola, their first colony in the South. Mudbidri, in South Kanara, their last stronghold is thus described by Walhouse in his matchless style:"No Cistercian brotherhood was wiser in choosing a dwelling-place than the Jainas. Their villages are marked by natural beauty and convenience. This one, named Mudbidri, is in a slight hollow on the verge of a wide rolling plain covered after the rains with vast expanses of tall grass between flat lined elevations which are often studded with beds of a light blue ever 1. Mysore Archeological Report, 1921, p. 18. 2. Rice, Coorg Inscriptions, Ep. car. I, p. 7: Ep. Car. II Introd., p. 52. 3. Hultzsch, Ep. Ind. Ind. III, p. 165; Ind Ant. XVIII, p. 313, 4. Longhurst, Hampi Ruins, p. 99. 5. Ibid., pp. 25-6.

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No. IV 1 JAINA ART IN SOUTH INDIA 89 gentian. The village is embowered in fruit and flower-trees and intersected by a labyrinth of hollow ways or lanes worn by the rains and tread of generations. Rough steps ascending to a covered entrance like a lych-gate lead up to the houses that stand back among the trees. The banks and walls built of laterite blocks black with age are shrouded with creeping plants, azure convolvuli, and a profusion of delicate ferns sprouting from every crevice, and words are wanting to describe the exquisite varieties of grass that wave everywhere on walls and roofs. Bird-of-paradise plumes, filmiest gossamer, wisps of delicate-spun glass, hardly equal in fairy Aneness the pale green plumy tufts that spring in upregarded loveliness-after the monsoon. Shade and seclusion brood over the peaceful neighbourhood, and in the midst stand the greatest of Jaina temples built nearly five centuries ago " 1. 1. Walhouse, cited by Sturrock, cp. cit.; pp. 87-8.

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Opinion. Praktana vimarsa vichakshana, Karnataka Prachya vidya vaibhava, Rai Bahadur R. NARASIMHACHARYA, M.A., M.R.A.S. Malleswaram, Bangalore. * Please accept my warm thanks for your kind courtesy in sending me two issues of "Sri Jaina Sidhanta Bhaskara" which I have read with great interest. The articles appearing in the journal are all of very great value and bear testimony to the scholarship and erudition of the contributors. ggfen-, afant-de-FinE, QUATT, 41-antica, among the Hindi articles and "Ancient South Indian Jainism; 'Nayakumarchariu' and Mathematics of Nemichandra among the English articles are very useful. The illustrations, which are charming, enhance the value of the journal. The publication of unpublished jaina works * is welcome. I wish every success to the Journal and earnestly hope that it will have a long career of usefulness. SELECTED CONTRIBUTIONS TO ORIENTAL JOURNALS. 1. Annals of the Bhandarkara Oriental Research Institute.-Vol. XVI, pts. I-II :Some Fresh Light on the Dharasiva Cavo And The origin of the Silabara Dynesty :-By Prof. Hiralal Jain, M.A., L. L. B.-It throws new light on the antiquity of Jainism and antiquity of the Jaina Puranas. . 2. Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society. Vol. XXV, No. 4, April 1935 :pp. 236--246. Two centuries of Wadeyar Rule in Mysore :-- By N. Subba Rau, M.A. pp. 261--264. Karuvuror Vanjimanagaram, By S. V. Viswanatha, M.A.-It is established that "the original Vanji was Kahur and Tiruvanjikkalam was only a copy of it. p. 323. Puspadanta-puranam of Gunavarma, edited by A Venkala Rao and H. Sesha Yengar reviewed. Can be had from the Madras University for Rs. 4 only. 3. Bulletin of the Sri Rama Varma Research Institute. No.3:-Mr. Krishna Menon writing on the Dravidian Culture, considers that the Dravidians were in India long prior to

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[ II 1 the Aryans with an independent civilisation of their own and that the Ramayana and the Mahabharata indicated the existences of prosperous independent kingdom in South India. 4. Indian Culture, Vol. II, No. I: Pre-historic trade-routes and Commerce by P. Mitra. 5. Journal of the University of Bombay.-Vol. III, pt. VI. (May 1935). A.M. Ghatage points the linguistic nature of Sagraseni Prakrit and its grammatical peculiarities,

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RULES. 1. The." Jaina Antiquary" (wa-farema IEET is an Anglo-Hindi quarterly, which is issued annually in four parts, i.e., in June, September, December, and March. 2. The inland subscription is Rs. 4 (ir cludirg postage) and foreign subscription is 6 shillir g; (ir cludirg postage) per annum, payable in advance. Specimen copy will be sent on receipt of Rs. 1-4 0. 3. Only the literary and other decent advertisements will be accepted for publication. The rates of charges may be ascertained on application to THE MANAGER, The " Jaina Antiquary" Jain Sidhanta Bhavan, Arrah (India). to whom all remittances should be made. '4. Any charge of address should also be intimated to him promptly. 5. In case of non-receipt of the journal within a fortnight from the approximate date of publication, the office should be informed at-orce. 6. The journal deals with topics relating to Jaina history, geography, art, archaeology, iconography, epigraphy, numismatics, religon, literature, philosophy, ethnology, folklore, etc., from the earliest times to the modern period. 7. Contributors are requested to send articles, notes, reviews, etc., type-written, and addressed to, K.P. JAIN, Esq. M. R. A. S., Editor, " JAINA ANTIQUARY" Aliganj, Dist. Etah (India). (N.B.-Journals in exchange should also be sent to this address.) 8. The Editors reserve to themselves the right of accepting, or rejecting the whole or portions of the articles, notes, etc. 9. The rejected contributions are not returned to senders, if postage is not paid. 10. Two copies of every publication meant for review should be sent to the office of the journal at Arrah (India). * II. The following are the editors of the journal, who work honorarily simply with a view to foster and promote the cause of inology: PROF. HIRALAL JAIN, M.A., L.L.B. PROF. A. N. UPADHYE, M.A. B. KAMTA PRASAD JAIN, M.R.A.S. Pr. K. BHUJABALI SHASTRI.

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ArA jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana kI prakAzita pustakeM (1) munisuvratakAvya (caritra) saMskRta aura bhASA-TIkA-sahita ... .. (2) zAnapradIpikA tathA sAmudrika zAstra bhASA-TIkA-sahita ..... (3) jaina-siddhAnta bhAskara 1ma bhAga kI hama kiraNa .. ... , 2ya tathA 3ya sammilita kiraNeM ... ) (4) bhavana ke saMgRhIta saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI granthoM kI purAnI sUcI // ) (yaha arddha mUlya hai) (5) bhavana kI saMgRhIta aMgrejI pustakoM kI nayI sUcI prApti-sthAna____ jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana, ArA ( bihAra ) / prakAzaka tathA mudraka-bAbU devendrakizora jaina, zrIsarasvatI priNTiGga varkasa, aaraa| .