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JAINA ANTIQURY.
[ Vol. I In Āpastamba Dharma-sutra it is enjoined Let him not be addicted to gossipping." "Let him be discreet." 1, 1, 3, 13, 14.
"Let him avoid to praise himself before his teacher, saying "I have properly bathed or the like” (Ibid. 1, 11, 32, 10.) “He sball...... observe silence, uttering speech on the occasion of the daily recitation of the Veda only.” (Ibid. 2, 9, 21, 21.) Gautama prescribes that it is'prohibited “ to make bitter speeches." II. 19. “A Brahmin shall always abstain from spirituous liquor's II, 20." He shall keep his tongue, his arms, and his stomach in subjection" II, 22. "He shall avoid to contend with words." “He shall keep his organ, his stomach, his hand, his feet, his tongue, and his eyes under due restraint” IX. 50.
Vasistha lays down: “To avoid backbiting, jealousy, pride, self-consciousness, un-belief, dishonesty, self-praise, blaming others, deceit, covetousness, delusion, anger, and envy is considered to be the duty of men of all orders." X, 30. “Let him not make empty, ill-sounding, or harsh speeches." II, 3, 6, 20.
Very detailed rules are given in the Dharmasutras for attending calls of nature. Some of these are given below :
“ He shall eat facing the east, void fæces facing the south, discharge urine facing the north."
“He shall void excrements far from his house, having gone towards the south or southwest." Apastamba. 1, 11, 31, 1, 2.
“Let him not ease nature without first covering the ground with grass or tbe like.
Nor close to his dwelling. Nor on ashes, on cowdung, in a ploughed field, in the shade of a tree, on a road in beautiful spots.
Let him eject both urine and fæces facing the north in the daytime.” Gautama, IX. 38-41.
"A man who knows the sacred law shall perform in secret all acts connected with eating, the natural evacuations,...... And a man shall void both urine and fæces facing the north in the daytime.rs Vasistha VI. 9-10.