Jain Kala evam Sthapatya Part 3

Author(s): Lakshmichandra Jain
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001960/1

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jaina kalA evaM sthApatya rakhaNDa-3 bhAratIya jJAnapITa

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jkaay wis - -- ------ - . For Naanaa agrme Tweena tra mNloo kN - - For Posate & Personal use only

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pr n drh khr dy . khrd lh w w khm III n n n n wn lkhd n mdr ly w dny r ddh bwd b dooron

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jaina kalA evaM sthApatya khaNDa 3

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vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha, 1168 I0 For Private &Personause Only rAjasthAna

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jaina kalA sthApatya evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava ke pAvana avasara para prakAzita mUla-saMpAdaka amalAnaMda ghoSa bhUtapUrva mahAnidezaka, bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita khaNDa 3 B bharilAyanayA bhAratIya jJAnapITha naI dillI

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mUla aMgrejI se hindI meM anUdita hindI saMpAdaka : lakSmIcandra jaina 1975 bhAratIya jJAnapITha tIna khaNDoM kA mUlya ru. 550 prakAzaka / lakSmIcandra jaina, maMtrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, bI-45/47 kanaoNTa plesa naI dillI-110001. mudraka : promaprakAza, saMcAlaka kaiksTana presa, prA. li., 2-I, rAnI jhAMsI roDa, naI dillI-110055.

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Amukha 'jaina kalA aura sthApatya' ke isa tIsare khaNDa ke prakAzana ke sAtha bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA isa viSaya para nirdhArita kAryakrama kA vaha eka aMza samApana prApta kara rahA hai jise bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paccIsa sauveM nirvANa mahotsava ke avasara para saMpanna karane kA dAyitva bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne liyA thA / prasannatA kI bAta yaha hai ki mahotsava varSa meM itane vizAlakAya kalAgraMtha ke tInoM bhAga hama aMgrejI aura hindI donoM meM prakAzita kara rahe haiM / prathama khaNDa kI bhUmikA meM maiMne una kaThinAiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinakA sAmanA hameM isalie vizeSa rUpa se karanA par3A kyoMki isa kalAgraMtha kI yojanA bahuta bar3I thI aura ise eka sImita kAlAvadhi meM saMpanna karanA thA / kaThinAiyoM ke kevala saMpAdakIya pakSa kI kathA pahale bhAga meM likhI thI / dUsare prakAra kI kaThinAiyoM kA saMbaMdha graMtha ke takanIkI pakSa se hai - yathA, graMtha kI chapAI aMgrejI ke prathama khaNDa se AraMbha huI aura aMgrejI meM svarAghAta vAle TAipa rakhane vAle aise prAmANika presa kI khoja jo samaya se kAma kara dene ke lie taiyAra ho, aise TAipa ke prUpha par3hane kI kaThinAI, kAgaja kI dina-para-dina bar3hatI gayI kImateM, blA~koM ke banavAne aura chapavAne ke mUlya meM isa prakAra ke saMtulana kA prayatna ki na to mUlya adhika bar3heM aura na kAma kA stara nIce jAye / ina saba prayatnoM kA pratibiMba graMtha meM Apako pratibhAsita hogA / yadi bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke nyAsadhArI maNDala kA dRSTikoNa udAra na hotA aura sabhI vyaya bhAra Aja ke bAjArabhAva para phailAyA jAtA to eka-eka khaNDa kA prAyaH vaha mUlya rakhanA par3atA jo aba tInoM khaNDoM kA saMyukta rakhA gayA hai / yadi ina kaThinAiyoM kA samAdhAna nikAlakara hama prakAzita kara pAye haiM to isakA zreya bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke pradatta samarthana ko aura jJAnapITha kI adhyakSA zrImatI ramA jaina ke mArgadarzana ko hai / apane kAryakrama ke anusAra yaha samagra graMtha saMsthApaka zrI sAhU zAMtiprasAda jaina dvArA isa yojanA ko kAryAnvita karane meM pramukha rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM zrI amalAnaMda ghoSa jinhoMne isa graMtha kA mUla saMpAdana aMgrejI meM kiyA / isa prakAzana meM jo guNa parilakSita haiM, ve zrI ghoSa ke na kevala kaThina parizrama aura sAyAsa sAvadhAnI ke suphala haiM, apitu isa prakAra ke kalA-prakAzanoM ke ( 5 )

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saMpAdakIya aura takanIkI pakSoM kA unakA jo dIrghakAlIna anubhava hai, usake kAraNa bhI aneka tAtkAlika Ar3e Ane vAlI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hAtha-ke-hAtha hotA calA gyaa| jahA~ isa graMtha ke sabhI lekhakoM ke prati hama bahuta AbhArI haiM, vahA~ una lekhakoM ke prati vizeSa AbhAra vyakta karanA hamArA kartavya hai jinhoMne yojanA meM kalpita una adhyAyoM ke lekhana kA dAyitva liyA jo kinhIM kAraNoM se yA to prApta nahIM ho pAye yA jo chUTe jA rahe the| ina saba lekhakoM ne bahuta udAtta bhAvanA se sahayoga diyA kyoMki ve jAnate the ki isa yojanA ke mAdhyama se aMtatogatvA ve nayI aura purAnI sAmagrI dvArA bhAratIya sthApatya aura kalA ke usa samagra paridRzya ko samRddha kara rahe haiM jo abataka isa prakAra kA saMgrathita rUpAkAra nahIM le paayaa| inhoMne hameM kevala sahayoga hI nahIM diyA, anya bAtoM meM hamAre anurodhoM aura maMtavyoM ko mAna bhI diyaa| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke sabhI sahayogiyoM ke prati meM kRtajJa hU~ ki ve isa yojanA kI saphalatA ke prati samarpita rhe| tInoM khaNDoM kI pRSTha-saMkhyA kA yoga 628 hai| 670 sAde aura 50 raMgIna citroM kI saMkhyA isake atirikta hai| isa graMtha ko hama eka aisI patAkA mAnate haiM jise lekara hama Age cale haiM una vyaktiyoM aura saMsthAoM ke svAgata-abhinaMdana meM jo bhaviSya meM isa mArga para calakara jaina kalA aura sthApatya kI abhivRddhi meM yogadAna kareMge / hamArI kAmanA hai ki unakA dala bahula ho / naI dillI 20 maI, 1975 lakSmIcandra jaina maMtrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha

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Amukha citra-sUcI adhyAya 31 laghucitra adhyAya 32 kASTha-zilpa adhyAya 33 abhilekhIya sAmagrI kArla khaNDAlAvAlA, adhyakSa, lalita kalA akAdamI, tathA DaoN0 (zrImatI) sarayU dozI, baMbaI adhyAya 36 viSaya-sUcI bhAga 7 citrAMkana evaM kASTha zilpa DaoN0 vinoda prakAza dvivedI, DipTI kIpara, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI adhyAya 35 mUrtizAstra adhyAya 34 dakSiNa bhAratIya mudrAoM para aMkita pratIka bhAga 8 purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota : DaoN0 jI0 esa0 gaI mukhya purAlekhavid anya sahayogI pI0 bhAra0 zrInivAsan tathA ke0 jI0 kRSNana, pIka purAlekhavida aura DaoN0 esa0 zaMkaranArAyaNan tathA DaoN0 ke0 vI0 rameza, sahAyaka adhIkSaka purAlekhavid bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, maisUra ... raMgAcArI banajA, DipTI kIpara, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI bhAga 9 siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha DaoN0 umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha, bhUtapUrva upanidezaka, prorieNTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA sthApatya zrI gopIlAla amara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI ( 7 ) (5) (2) 399 440 455 470 479 509

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viSaya-sUcI bhAga 10 saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ adhyAya 37 videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya 551 briTiza myUjiyama, laMdana 551 DaoN0 brajendra nAtha zarmA, kIpara, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama, laMdana 559 DaoN0 brajendra nAtha zarmA myUje gIme, perisa 562 DaoN0brajendra nAtha zarmA myUjiyama phUra iMDize kunsta, balina-dAlema 564 saMpAdaka amarIkI saMgrahAlayoM meM kucha jaina kAMsya-pratimAeM 565 pratApAditya pAla, saMgrahAdhyakSa, bhAratIya aura islAmI kalA, laoNsa eMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama, laoNsa eMjilsa adhyAya 38 bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya 571 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI 571 DaoN0 brajendranAtha zarmA, kIpara, aura eca0 ke0 caturvedI; tathA zrI esa0 pI0 tivArI, takanIkI sahAyaka, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI priMsa praoNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya, baMbaI 583 sva0 DaoN0 motIcaMdra evaM sadAziva gorakSakara, nidezaka, priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya, baMbaI rAjasthAna ke saMgrahAlaya 588 ratnacaMdra agravAla, nidezaka, purAtattva evaM saMgrahAlaya, rAjasthAna, jayapura AMdhra pradeza ke saMgrahAlaya 591 mu0 abdula vahIda khAna, bhUtapUrva nidezaka, purAtattva evaM saMgrahAlaya, AMdhra pradeza, haidarAbAda, tathA DI0 ena0 varmA, kIpara, sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda madhya pradeza ke saMgrahAlaya 596 bAlacaMdra jaina, upanidezaka, purAtattva evaM saMgrahAlaya, madhya pradeza, jabalapura, satyaMdhara kumAra seThI, ujjaina, tathA DaoN. sureMdra kumAra Arya, adhyakSa, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtattva vibhAga, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina, evaM zrI nIraja jaina, satanA devagar3ha ke saMgrahAlaya 615 DaoN0 bhAgacaMdra jaina, sahAyaka prAcArya tathA adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha tamilanADu ke saMgrahAlaya 617 ke0 prAra0 zrInivAsana, bhUtapUrva pradhIkSaka purAvid, bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, madrAsa pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kRSNadeva, bhUtapUrva nidezaka, bhAratIya purAtattva savakSaNa, naI dillI 621 (8)

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citra-sUcI chAyAcitroM yA rekhAcitroM ke zIrSakoM ke Age koSThakoM meM kaoNpIrAiTa ke dhAraka kA nAma diyA gayA hai| saMgrahAlayoM meM kucha chAyAcitra anya dhArakoM dvArA bheje hue haiN| aisI sabhI sthitiyoM meM kaoNpIrAiTa kA adhikAra saMbaddha saMgrahAlaya tathA usa dhAraka kA hai / chAyAcitra ke lie kevala citra zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai : isI sUcI meM nimnalikhita zabda saMkSipta rUpa meM prayukta kiye gaye haiM : pu saM vi = purAtattva aura saMgrahAlaya vibhAga priM ve saM = priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya, baMbaI bri myU = briTiza myUjiyama, laMdana bhA pu sa = bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, naI dillI vi amyU = vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama, laMdana rA saM = rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI chAyAcitra sammukha-citra vi a myU = tIrthakara zAMtinAtha, 1168 I0, rAjasthAna (vi a myU) adhyAya 31 265 ka zrI aura kAmadeva, eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM citrAMkana, 1060 I0 (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) kha vidyAdevI aura bhakta mahilAeM, eka citrAMkita paTalI kA mAMzika dRzya, 1122-54 I0, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 266 ka aura kha. eka citrAMkita paTalI ke dRzya, gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA aMtima yA bArahavoM kA prAraMbhika bhAga, ( isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 267 ka aura kha. eka citrAMkita paTalI ke dRzya, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika bhAga (isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 268 ka eka citrAMkita paTalI kA AMzika dRzya, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika bhAga (isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) kha eka citrAMkita paTalI kA prAMzika dRzya, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika bhAga (isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) (6)

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citra-sUcI 269 ka aura kha. eka citrAMkita paTalI para pazuoM kI rekhAkRtiyA~, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha (isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 270 ka paTalI para tIrthaMkara ke abhiSeka kA citrAMkana, gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima bhAga se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbhika bhAga taka, (isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (lA0 da0 saMsthAna, ahamadAbAda) kha eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM gaja kA citrAMkana, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa, (pahale muni jinavijayajI ke saMgraha meM thI) ga eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM sarasvatI kA citrAMkana, 1127 I0, gujagatI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (zAMtinAtha bhaNDAra, khaMbhAta) 271 ka se gha taka. eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM citrAMkana, terahavIM zatAbdI, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 272 ka aura kha. eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM tIrthaMkara ke abhiSeka aura janma ke citrAMkana, 1370 I0, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (ujhamphoI dharmazAlA, ahamadAbAda) 273 eka pANDulipi kI prazasti, vikrama saMvat 1509 (1452 I0), isI meM raMgIna citra 26 bhI hai (rA saM) 274 eka pANDulipi kI prazasti, vikrama saMvat 1474 (1417 I0), isI meM raMgIna citra 27 bhI hai (rA saM) 275 ka eka pANDulipi meM tIrthaMkara ke janma kA citrAMkana, 1367 I0, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (pahale muni jinavijayajI ke saMgraha meM thI) kha eka pANDulipi meM tIrthaMkara ke paMcamuSTi-loca kA citrAMkana, lagabhaga caudahavIM zatAbdI kA aMtima bhAga, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 276 ka yazodharacarita kI pANDulipi meM rAjA yazodhara ke apanI patnI dvArA svAgata kA citrAMkana, 1494 I0, gujarAta, kadAcit sojitrA (nijI saMgraha) kha yazodharacarita kI pANDulipi meM panne ke kinAroM kA citrAMkana (pUrvokta) 277 ka aura kha. yazodharacarita kI pANDulipi meM panne ke kinAroM kA citrAMkana (citra 276 ka draSTavya) (nijI saMgraha) 278 ka marudevI ke solaha svapna (prAMzika citra), AdipurANa kI pANDulipi meM, 1404 I0, yoginIpura (dillI) uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) kha bhavisayatta ke lauTane kI pratIkSA meM kamalazrI, bhavisayattakahA kI pANDulipi meM, lagabhaga 1430 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie) kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 279 ka saMgItakAra aura nartaka, mahApurANa kI pANDulipi se, lagabhaga 1420 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (digaMbara jaina nayA maMdira, dillI kA saMgraha) kha bharata kI senA kA prayANa, mahApurANa kI pANDulipi (pUrvokta) 280 ka rAjasabhA kA saMcAlana karatA iMdra, pAsaNAhacariu kI pANDulipi meM, 1442 I0, gvAliyara, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) kha rAjA yazodhara kA eka nartakI aura saMgItakAroM dvArA manoraMjana, jasaharacariu kI pANDulipi meM, lagabhaga __1440-50 I., kadAcit gvAliyara, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) (10)

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citra-sUcI 281 ka zAMtinAtha kI senA, sAMtiNAhacariu kI pANDulipi meM, lagabhaga 1450-60 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) . kha yazodhara kA bakarI ke rUpa meM janma, jasaharacariu kI pANDulipi meM, 1454 I0, kadAcit dillI, uttara - bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 282 ka sahasrabala kA saMnyAsa, AdipurANa kI pANDulipi (varga-1) meM, lagabhaga 1450 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) kha RSabha kA janma-kalyANaka, AdipurANa kI pANDulipi (varga-2) meM, lagabhaga 1475 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 283 ka ayodhyAnagarI, AdipurANa kI pANDulipi meM varga-2, (citra-282 kha ke anusAra) (nijI saMgraha) kha yazodhara kA matsya ke rUpa meM janma, yazodharacarita kI pANDulipi meM, 1590 I0, Amera (nijI saMgraha) bharata ke sainya kA mleccha khaNDa kI ora prayANa, mahApurANa kI pANDulipi meM, lagabhaga 1540 I0, pAlama, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 284 adhyAya 32 286 288 285 gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita gavAkSa (rA sa) gujarAta : vAnizadAra kASTha-nirmita maNDapa, bAhya bhAga (rA saM) 287 gujarAta : vAnizadAra kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 286), gajArohI (rA saM) gujarAta : vAnizadAra kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 286), chata (rA saM) 289 gujarAta : vArnizadAra kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 286), chata kA eka bhAga (citra 288) (rA saM) 290 gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita dvAra (rA saM) 291 gujarAta : eka ghara-derAsara kA kASTha-nirmita dvAra (rA saM) 292 gujarAta : eka ghara-derAsara kA kASTha-nirmita dvAra (citra 291), maMgala-svapnoM aura gaja-lakSmI kA aMkana (rA saM) 293 gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (priM ve saM) 294 ka gujarAta kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 293), eka paTTI para nRtya, saMgIta tathA anya dRzyAMkana (priM ve saM) kha gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 293), chata (priM ve saM) 295 ka gujarAta : eka ghara-derAsara, eka rAjakIya yAtrA kA dRzya (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) kha gujarAta : eka ghara-derAsara, ziSyoM dvArA prAcArya kA svAgata (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) 296 pATana : vADI pArzvanAtha-maMdira, jharokhA (meTropaoNliTana myUjiyama oNfa ArTa, nyUyaoNrka) pATana : vADI pArzvanAtha-maMdira (citra 296), prAMzika dRzya (meTropaoNliTana myUjiyama praoNfa pArTa,nyUyaoNrka) 298 gujarAta : pAlizadAra kASTha-nirmita puttalikA (rA saM) 299 ka gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita puttalikA (rA saM) kha gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita puttalikA (rA saM) (11)

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citra-sUcI 300 ka gujarAta : eka paTTI para jaina sAdhugoM ke svAgata kA dRzyAkana (rA saM) kha gujarAta : eka paTTI para rAjakIya yAtrA kA dRzyAMkana (rA saM) ga gujarAta : eka paTTI para rAjakIya yAtrA kA dRzyAMkana (rA saM) adhyAya 33 301 ka mathurA, zoDAsa ke rAjyakAla kA eka abhilekha, varSa 72 (bhA pusa) kha mAuNTa AbU : vimala-vasahi-maMdira kA eka abhilekha, vikrama saMvat 1378 (bhA pu sa) 302 kurikyAla : zailotkIrNa cakrezvarI aura usake nIce abhilekha (bhA pusa) 303 aihola : meguTI-maMdira kA abhilekha, zaka saMvat 556 (bhA pusa) 304 ka tirunAthArakuNru : vajutta -lipi meM abhilekha (bhA pu sa) kha zravaNabelagolA : gommaTezvara kI mUrti ke pAvoM meM utkIrNa abhilekha (bhA pusa) adhyAya 34 305 306 pANDya mudrAeM (rA saM) pANDya mudrAeM (rA saM) adhyAya 35 307 nADola : zvetAMbara maMdira meM saMgamaramara kI paMca-parameSThiyoM kI mUrti (bhA pusa) 308 dakSiNa bhArata : paMca-parameSThiyoM kI kAMsya-nirmita digaMbara mUrti (samaMtabhadra vidyAlaya, dillI) (umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha) 309 ka bar3audA saMgrahAlaya : siddhacakra, zvetAMbara (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) kha tirupparuttikkuNrama : bailokyanAtha-maMdira meM nava-devatAoM kI kAMsya-nirmita mUrti (bhA pusa) 310 ka gvAliyara kilA : eka caumukha (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) kha sUrata : digaMbara-maMdira meM bahattara tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM meM aMkita eka caumukha (umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha) 311 ka kAraMjA : balAtkAra-gaNa digaMbara jaina maMdira meM kAMsya-nirmita sahasrakUTa (priM ve saM, sarayU dozI ke saujanya se) kha bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya : caubIsa tIrthakara-mUrtiyoM se aMkita kAMsya-mUrti (iNDiyana myUjiyama) 312 ka dakSiNa bhArata : caitya-vRkSa ke nIce tIrthaMkara (samaMtabhadra vidyAlaya, dillI) (umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha) kha bar3audA : zvetAMbara-maMdira meM pItala kI paTTI para aSTa-maMgala (umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha) 313 kuMbhAriyA : maMdira kI chata meM mahAvIra ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kA aMkana (umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha) 314 mUDabidrI : kAMsya-nirmita zruta-skaMdha-yaMtra (bhA pu sa) adhyAya 37 315 ka briTiza myUjiyama : eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti kA dhar3a (mathurA) (bri myU) ___ kha briTiza myUjiyama : yakSI sulocanA (madhya bhArata) (vi myU) (12)

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citra-sUcI 316 ka briTiza myUjiyama : yakSI dhRti (madhya bhArata) (bri myU) kha briTiza myUjiyama : eka yugala (madhya bhArata ) (bi myU) 317 ka briTiza myUjiyama : yakSI padmAvatI (madhya bhArata) (bi myU) kha briTiza myUjiyama : sarasvatI (dakSiNa-pazcima rAjasthAna) (vi myU) 318 ka briTiza myUjiyama : RSabhanAtha aura mahAvIra (ur3IsA) (bi myU) kha briTiza myUjiyama : yakSI aMbikA (ur3IsA) (bri mya) 319 ka briTiza myUjiyama : tIrthakara pArzvanAtha (karnATaka) (bi myU) kha briTiza myUjiyama : kAMsya-nirmita sarasvatI (karnATaka) (bi myU) 320 briTiza myUjiyama : kAMsya nirmita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (dakSiNa bhArata) (bi myU) 321 ka vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama : tIrthaMkara-mUrti (mathurA) (vi amyU) kha vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama : tIrthaMkara pAzrvanAtha (gyArasapura) (vi a myU) 322 vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama : tIrthaMkara-mUrti (pazcima bhArata) (vi a myU) 323 ka vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUz2iyama : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (dakSiNApatha) (vi a myU) kha vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama : tIrthaMkara pAzvanAtha (gulabargA) (vi a myU) 324 vikToriyA eNDa malbarTa myUjiyama : yakSI aMbikA (ur3IsA) (vi a myU) 325 ka myUje gIme : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (myUje gIme) kha myUje gIme : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (dakSiNApatha) (myUje gIme) 326 ka myUjiyama phUra iMDize kunsta, balina-dAlema : tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya-mUrti, (myUjiyama phUra iMDize kunsta) kha myUjiyama phUra iMDize kunsta, balina-dAlema : tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya-mUrti (dakSiNa bhArata) (myUjiyama phUra iMDize kunsta) 327 ka nijI saMgraha, nyUyaoNrka : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya-mUrti (madhya bhArata) kha nijI saMgraha, nyUyaoNrka : tIrthaMkara sabhavanAtha (?) (karnATaka) 328 ka laoNsa aiMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa pArTa (nasalI eNDa elisa hIrAmAneka kalekzana) tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya mUrti (dakSiNa bhArata) (laoNsa eMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama praoNfa pArTa) kha pUrvokta : buddha kI kAMsya-mUtti (nepAla) (laoNsa aiMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa ArTa) 329 ka eTkinsa myUjiyama (nelsana faNDa, nelsana gelarI) : tIrthakara-mUrti (dakSiNa bhArata) (eTkinsa myUjiyama, kaisAsa siTI) kha laoNsa aiMjalsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa ArTa (zrI aura zrImatI je0 je0 klejamaina dvArA upahRta): kAMsya nirmita tri-tIthikA (gujarAta) (laoNsa aiMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa ArTa) 330 citra 329 ka ke anusAra : AMzika dRzya (laoNsa aiMjilpakAuNTI myUjiyama praoNpha pArTa) 331 siyATala ArTa myUjiyama (e jaina phulara memoriyala kalekzana): yakSa dharaNeMdra (dakSiNApatha) siyATala mArTa myUjiyama) 332 paoNla efa vAlTara kalekzana, nyUyaoNrka : kAMsya-nirmita tri-tIthikA (dakSiANapatha) (pAla efa vAlTara) (13)

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333 citra-sUtrI laoNsa eMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama (pAla I0 mainahIma dvArA upahRta) : vimalanAtha sahita paMca-tIthikA (pazcima bhArata) (laoNsa aiMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa ArTa) laoNsa eMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa ArTa (pAla I0 mainahIma dvArA upahRta): zAMtinAtha sahita caturviMzatipaTTa (pazcima bhArata) (laoNsa aiMjilsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa pArTa) .) 334 adhyAya 38 335 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (rAjasthAna) (rA saM) 336 ka rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (uttara pradeza) (rA saM) kha rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara neminAtha (narahada) (rAsaM) 337 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : sarasvatI (pallU) (rA saM) 338 ka rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (bihAra) (rA saM) kha rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : yakSI aMbikA (bihAra) (rA saM) 339 ka rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA (pazcima baMgAla) kha rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara-mUrti (dakSiNApatha) (rA saM) 340 ka rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (dakSiNa bhArata) (rA saM) kha rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthakara supArzvanAtha (dakSiNa bhArata) (rA saM) 341 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nirmita tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (madhya pradeza) (rA saM) 342 ka rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara kI dhAtu-mUrti (karnATaka) (rA saM) kha rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nirmita caumukha (rAjasthAna) (rA saM) 343 ka rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nirmita cakrezvarI (uttara pradeza) (rA saM) kha rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nirmita aMbikA (pUrva bhArata) (rA saM) 344 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nirmita aMbikA (akoTA) (rA saM) 345 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara kA dhAtu nirmita parikara (rAjasthAna) (rA saM) 346 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu nirmita paMca-tIthikA (pazcima bhArata) (rA saM) 347 ka priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : tri-tIthikA (aMkAI-taMkAI) (priM ve saM) kha priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : paMca-tIthikA (aMkAI-taMkAI) (priM ve saM) 348 priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : yakSa dharaNeMdra (karnATaka) (priM ve saM) 349 ka priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : mahAvIra (karnATaka) (pri ve saM) kha priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : mahAvIra kI eka-tIthikA (viravA) (piM ve saM) 350 ka priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya ! camaradhArI (rAjasthAna) (priM ve saM) kha priMpa praoNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya-mUrti (vAlA) (priM ve saM) 351 priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : kAMsya-nirmita RSabhanAtha sahita caturviMzati-paTTa (cahAradI) (priM ve saM) 352 priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : gommaTezvara kI kAMsya-mUti (zravaNabelagolA) (priM ve saM) (14)

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citra-sUcI 353 ka priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : yakSI kI kAMsya-mUrti (karnATaka) (priM ve saM) kha priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI pItala kI mUrti (pazcima-bhArata) (priM ve saM) 354 ka priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya-nirmita tri-tIthikA (kadAcit vasaMtagar3ha) (priM ve saM) kha priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : pItala se nirmita caityagRha (gujarAta) (priM ve saM) 355 bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya : tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya-mUrti (amarasara) (pu saM vi, rAjasthAna) 356 ka AhAr3a saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya-mUrti kA dhar3a (pAhAr3a) (pu saM vi, rAjasthAna) kha udayapura saMgrahAlaya : kubera (bA~sI) (pu saM vi, rAjasthAna) 357 ka jodhapura saMgrahAlaya : jIvaMtasvAmI (pu. saM vi, rAjasthAna) kha bharatapura saMgrahAlaya : sarvatobhada (pu saM vi, rAjasthAna) 358 ka bharatapura saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara neminAtha (pu saM vi, rAjasthAna) kha jayapura saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara munisuvrata (narahada) (pu saM vi, rAjasthAna) 359 ka rAjya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda : gommaTezvara (pATanaceruvu) (pu saM vi, AMdhra pradeza) kha rAjya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (pATanaceruvu) (pu saM vi, prAMdhra pradeza) 360 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda : sarasvatI (pATanaceruvu) (pu saM vi, AMdhra pradeza) 361 ka rAjya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda / caturviMzati-paTTa (dharmavaram ) (pu saM vi, aAMdhra pradeza) kha khajAnA bilDiMga saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara kI eka apUrNa mUrti kA parikara (pu saM vi, AMdhra pradeza) 362 ka sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : paMca-tIthikA (sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya) kha sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya) 363 ka sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : tIrthakara pArzvanAtha, kupbala, (mahArASTra) (sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya) kha sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : kAMsya-nirmita paMca-tIthikA (sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya) 364 ka sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : kAMsya-nirmita caturviMzati-paTTa (sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya) kha sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : pArzvanAtha sahita kAMsya-nirmita caturviMzati-paTTa (sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya) 365 ka dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (maU) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) kha dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha (maU) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) 366 ka dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : yakSI cakrezvarI (khajurAho ?) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) kha dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : maMdira kI anukRti (naugAMva) 367 ka dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : caturviMzati-paTTa (jaso) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) kha dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara neminAtha (zahaDola jilA) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) 368 ka dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : sarvatobhadra (rIvA kSetra) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) kha dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : yakSa brahmA (rIvA kSetra) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) 369 zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara caMdraprabha kA pAdapITha (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) 370 ka zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : dvi-mUrtikA (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) (15)

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377 citra-sUcI 370 kha zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) 371 ka zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara-mUrti (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) kha zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : tIthaMkara pArzvanAtha (pu saMvi, madhya pradeza) 372 zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : sthApatyIya zilAkhaNDa (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) 373 ka rAyapura saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (kArItalAI) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) kha rAyapura saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha aura saMbhavanAtha (kArItalAI) (pR saM vi, madhya pradeza) 374 ka rAyapura saMgrahAlaya : sarvatobhadrikA (kArItalAI) (pu saM vi, madhya pradeza) ____kha rAyapura saMgrahAlaya : yakSI aMbikA (kArItalAI) (pu saMvi, madhya pradeza) 375 jaina saMgrahAlaya : khajurAho : eka dRzya (nIraja jaina) 376 ka khajurAho saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (nIraja jaina, bhA pu sa ke saujanya se) kha jaina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (nIraja jaina) ka khajurAho saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (nIraja jaina, bhA pusa ke saujanya se) kha jaina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho : toraNa (nIraja jaina) 378 ka khajurAho saMgrahAlaya : yakSI aMbikA (nIraja jaina, bhA pu sa ke saujanya se) kha khajurAho saMgrahAlaya : tIrthakara RSabhanAtha (nIraja jaina, bhA pu sa ke saujanya se) 379 ka devagar3ha : tIrthakara (bhAgacaMdra jaina) kha devagar3ha : tIrthaMkara (vipina kumAra jaina, naI dillI) ga devagar3ha : saradala ke eka khaNDa para tri-mUrtikA, abhya tIrthakara, navagraha aura yakSiyAM (bhAgacaMdra jaina) 380 ka devagar3ha : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (bhAgacaMdra jaina) kha devagar3ha : tIrthaMkara pArvaznAtha aura RSabhanAtha (bhAgacaMdra jaina) ga devagar3ha : cakrezvarI (bhAgacaMdra jaina) ka devagar3ha : upAdhyAya (bhAgacaMdra jaina) kha devagar3ha : bAhubalI (bhAgacaMdra jaina) ga devagar3ha : staMbha (bhAgacaMdra jaina) 382 devagar3ha : cakravartI bharata (vipina kumAra jaina) 383 ka zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa : tIrthaMkara sumatinAtha kI kAMsya-mUrti (kogalI) kha zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI kAMsya-mUrti (kogalI) 384 ka zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa : tIrthakara mahAvIra kI kAMsya-mUrti (siMganikuppam ) kha zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa : kAMsya-mUrti (siMganikuppam /

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citra-sUcI raMgIna citra adhyAya 31 22 jinarakSita ke sAtha jinadatta-sUri, citrAMkita paTalI kA eka bhAga, 1122-54 I0 pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 23 ka paTalI ke eka bhAga kA citra. 1122-54 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bhI pUrva ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 23 kha aura ga uparyukta paTalI (23 ka) ke pRSTha-bhAga para maNDala koM, pakSiyoM aura pazuoM kA citrAMkana 23 dha uparyukta (23 kha aura ga ke anusAra) 24 devasUri-kumudacaMdra-zAstrArtha kI paTalI para citrAMkana kA eka bhAga, lagabhaga 1125 I0, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (nijI saMgraha meM) 25 ka kAlaka aura ziSya, kha. gardabhilla kI senA kA prayANa, ga. kAlaka aura sAhi pradhAna, gha. gardabhilla kI giraphtArI, kAlakAcArya kI kathA ke patra, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (pI0 sI0 jaina, baMbaI ke saMgraha meM) 26 garda bhI-vidyA, kalpasUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA ke eka patra para, 1452 I0, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI) 27 mahAvIra kA vairAgya, kalpasUtra ke eka patra para, 1417 I0, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (rASTrIya saMgra hAlaya, naI dillI) 28 ka bAhubalI kA tapazcaraNa, devasAno bhaNDAra kalpasUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA ke eka patra (agrabhAga) para, lagabhaga 1475 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI) 28 kha kinAroM kI sajjA, uparyukta pANDulipi (28 ka) ke eka patra (pRSThabhAga) para 28 ga gardabhilla aura kAlaka, kAlakAcArya-kathA kA eka pazu-pakSiyoM ke citroM se aMkita patra, kadAcit devasAno pADo bhaNDAra kI pANDulipi, lagabhaga 1475 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI) 29 iMdra aura iMdrANI dvArA marudevI ko badhAI, mahApurANa ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1420 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI meM, uttara bhAratIya zailI (digaMbara jaina maMdira, purAnI dillI kA saMgraha) 30 ka pazu sAhI ne sarpa ko mArA aura badale meM usapara anya pazu ne bhAkramaNa kiyA, yazodhara-carita ke eka patra para 1494 I0, gujarAta, kadAcit sojita (nijI saMgraha) 30 kha rAjA mAridatta dvArA devI ko bali kA upakrama, uparyukta pANDulipi ke eka lekha para (30 ka) 31 bhavisayatta kI samudra-pAra kI yAtrA, bhavisayatta-kahA ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1430 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 32 paricArakoM ke sAtha pArzvanAtha, pAsaNAhacariu ke eka patra para, 1442 I0, gvAliyara meM citrAMkita, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha ) (17)

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raMgIna citra 35 pArA 33 caMdramatI yazodhara ko bali ke lie ATe se banA huA murgA dikhA rahI hai, jasaharacariu ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1440-50 I0, kadAcit gvAliyara, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) muni sudatta ke darzana karate hI abhayamati aura abhayaruci aceta ho gaye, jasaharacariu ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1454 I0, kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) paricArakoM-sahita zAMtinAtha, zAMtinAtha-cariu ke patra para, lagabhaga 1420-60 I0, (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai) kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 36 ka vidyAdhara atibala, AdipurANa (varga-1) ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1450 I0, (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 36 kha zreNika dvArA samavasaraNa kI mahimA kA varNana, AdipurANa (varga-1) ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1450 I0, (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 36 ga zrImati aura bajrajaMgha ke vivAha kA utsava manAtI saMgIta-maNDalI, AdipurANa (varga-2) ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1475 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 36 gha nartaka, AdipurANa (varga-2) ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1475 I. (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 37 rAjA yazodhara apane paricArakoM ke sAtha, yazodhara-carita ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1596 I0, kadAcit uttara gujarAta, pazcima bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) rekhA-citra adhyAya 32 26 gujarAta : kASTha-zilpa, nArI saMgItakAra (rA sa, rekhAMkana mohana lAla dvArA) gujarAta : kASTha-zilpa, pAyala bA~dhatI nRtyAMganA (rA saM, rekhAMkana mohana lAla dvArA) adhyAya 36 vAstupuruSa-cakra (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) kUrma-zilA (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) sama-dala prAsAda (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) maMdira kI rUparekhA (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) pITha (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) pAMca staroM (gharoM) sahita pITha (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) maNDovara ke prakAra (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) rekhA-maMdira kA zikhara (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) AmalasAra (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra)

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37 38 39 40 41 42 3 4 4 4 4 0 9 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 rekhAcitra kalaza (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra ) dhvaja (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra ) dvAra - zAkhAeM (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra ) jina - prAsAdoM ke vibhinna rUpa (prabhAzaMkara pro0 somapurA ke anusAra ) caturmukha mahAprAsAda ( prabhAzaMkara mo0 somapurA ke anusAra ) RSabhanAtha kA kamalabhUSaraNa prAsAda ( prabhAzaMkara zro0 somapurA ke anusAra ) mahAvIra kA mahApara-vIra vikrama prAsAda (prabhAzaMkara mo0 somapurA ke anusAra ) triloka kI racanA (muktyAnaMdasiMha jaina ke anusAra ) bharata kSetra (muktyAnaMdasiMha jaina ke anusAra ) bhraSTApada (prabhAzaMkara mo0 somapurA ke anusAra ) meru (prabhAzaMkara zro0 somapurA ke anusAra ) naMdIvaradvIpa prAsAda (prabhAzaMkara zro0 somapurA ke anusAra) naMdIzvaradvIpa prAsAda ke vibhinna rUpa (prabhAzaMkara zro0 somapurA ke anusAra ) (11)

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bhAga 7 citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa

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adhyAya 31 laghu citra (tAr3apatra aura kAgaja para aMkita paTTa) prAmukha mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAMta kucha prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM jaina AgamoM kA jJAna jaina sAdhanoM kI smRti meM hI surakSita rahA aura paraMparA meM guruoM dvArA ziSyoM ko maulika rUpa se pradAna kiyA jAtA rahA / lekina durbhikSoM aura saMkrAmaka rogoM se jaba bhI ye AgamajJAnI kAlagrasta hote taba ina dhArmika AgamoM kA jJAna bhI unhIM ke sAtha avazya kSINa hotA jaataa| kAlAMtara meM jaina AtmajJAna kI zikSAoM kA pravAha itanA TUTane lagA ki use niraMtara banAye rakhanA aura unake mUla-pATha ko bhraSTa hone se bacAye rakhanA asaMbhava ho gayA / kAlAMtara meM maukhika rUpa se jJAnAMtaraNa kI isa paddhati se utpanna saMkaTa ko jaina samudAya ne citA ke sAtha anubhava kiyA aura use lagA ki yadi isa dizA meM sudhArAtmaka apekSita kadama na uThAye gaye to pavitra jJAna kI samasta dharohara sadA ke lie vilupta ho jaayegii| phalataH jaina samudAya ne apanI pavitra jJAna-nidhi kI surakSA ke lie aneka prakAra ke prayAsa kiye / pATilIputra meM jaina sAdhanoM kI saMgIti Ayojita kI gayI jahA~ jaina siddhAMta-sAhitya ko kramabaddha rUpa se saMcita kara lipibaddha kiyA gayA / Age calakara IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM zvetAMbara jaina paraMparA ke anusAra gujarAta ke balabhi meM jaina sAdhuoM kI eka saMgIti huI jisane yaha nirNaya kiyA ki samasta dhArmika mUla-pAThoM ko lipibaddha kiyA jaaye| ina saMgItiyoM ke atirikta kucha jaina sAdhuoM dvArA vyaktigata rUpa meM maukhika jJAna kI paraMparA ko lipibaddha karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA gayA / IsavI san ke prAraMbhika varSoM meM do digaMbara jaina sAdhanoM ne eka dUsare se pRthak aura svataMtra rUpa meM jaina dharma ke bikhare hue jJAna ke vizada bhaNDAra ko saMgrahIta kara lipibaddha kiyA / ' lekina jaina sAdhanoM dvArA apane ina samasta paryApta saceSTa prayAsoM ke uparAMta bhI Aja taka jo prAraMbhika jaina pANDulipiyA~ jJAta haiM unameM aisI koI bhI pANDulipi nahIM jo dasavIM zatAbdI se pUrva 1 motIcaMdra. jaina miniecara peMTiMgsa phraoNma vesTarna iNDiyA. 1949. ahamadAbAda. pR2-3. 2 kAsalIvAla (ke). jaina graMya bhaNDArsa ina rAjasthAna. 1967. jayapura. pR 2. 3 (jaina) hIrAlAla kRta bhUmikA-bhAga. SaTkhaNDAgama. 1947. amarAvatI. 399

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 kI lipibaddha ho| jainoM dvArA gaMbhIratApUrvaka prastAvita dhArmika pATha ke lipibaddha karane ke prayAsa tathA jo likhita dhArmika sAhitya sAmane AyA-ina donoM ke bIca ke aMtara kA kyA kAraNa hai, isapara vicAra karane para do saMbhAvanAe~ sAmane AtI haiN| pahalI yaha ki, apane isa uddezya ke prati niSThA rakhate hue bhI jaina use usa utsAha ke sAtha kAryAnvita nahIM kara sake jisa utsAha se unhoMne aisA karane kA nirNaya liyA thaa| dUsarI saMbhAvanA yaha ki, saMbhavataH prAraMbhika pANDulipiyAM naSTa ho gayI hoM, kyoMki usa samaya graMtha-bhaNDAra (jaina caityavAsoM ke pustakAlaya) nahIM the, jahA~ ve ucita dekhabhAla hone ke kAraNa surakSita raha paatiiN| pANDulipiyoM ke saMgrahAlaya ke rUpa meM graMtha-bhaNDAroM kI saMsthAgata sthApanA jaina samudAya ke dharma-pramukha ke rUpa meM bhaTTAraka-saMsthA ke astitva meM Ane ke uparAMta haI / jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM yaha vikAsa AThavIM zatAbdI ke madhya kisI samaya meM hA pratIta hotA hai| vidvAn aura dharma ke lie samarpita bhaTTAraka gaNa jJAna kI mahattA ke prati jAgarUka the ataH unhoMne jaina maMdira ke lie pANDulipiyoM ke rUpa meM zAstradAna hetu apane anuyAyiyoM ko prerita kiyA, jisake phalasvarUpa isa prakAra ke zAstradAnoM ko paryApta dhArmika mahattva prApta huaa| vigata pApoM se mukti pAne ke lie sAdhana rUpa meM athavA brata ke saphalApUrvaka saMpanna hone ke avasara para zAstroM kA dAna kiyA jAne lgaa| dharmAtmA jana jaba-taba kisI vizeSa graMtha kI anekAneka pratiyA~ lipibaddha karAte tathA unheM dUra-dUra ke jaina graMtha-bhaNDAroM meM vitarita kraate| kabhI-kabhI pANDulipiyA~ sacitra bhI hotii| ___gyArahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva pANDulipiyoM ko citrita karane kI paraMparA pracalita thI yA nahIMyaha prazna bhAratIya laghucitroM ke itihAsa kI eka jaTila samasyA hai| yaha to hameM bhalI-bhA~ti jJAta hai ki pANDulipi-citraNa ke atirikta citrAMkana kI anya vidhAe~ jaise, dIvAroM, lakar3I ke takhtoM aura kapar3oM para citrAMkana kI paraMparA ati prAraMbhika kAla se pracalita rahI hai| IsA-pUrva prathama zatAbdI jitanA prAcIna bhitti-citraNa kA spaSTa sAkSya hameM sAtavAhanakAlIna ajaMtA kI guphA saMkhyA nau aura dasa meM prApta hai| isake sAtha hI sAhityika sAkSya hameM kASTha-phalakoM, kapar3oM aura yahA~ taka ki haDDiyoM se nirmita DhAloM para citra-citraNa ke viSaya meM bhI jAnakArI upalabdha karAte haiMjinakI satyatA para saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 1 jaina sAhitya meM pAye ina ullekhoM se vidvAn paricita haiM ki prAraMbhika pANDulipiyoM meM upalabdha lekhoM meM yaha likhA milA hai ki ina pANDulipiyoM kI pratiyA~ una prAcIna pANDulipiyoM se kI gayI haiM jo ki usa samaya naSTaH prAya sthiti meM thIM. 2 vidyAdhara joharApurakara. bhaTTAraka saMpradAya. 1958. zolApura kI aMgrejI meM likhI bhUmikA. 3 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, pUrvokta, pR 4-7. 4 eziyATika sosAyaTI, kalakattA meM upalabdha sacitra bauddha pANDulipi aSTasahasrikA-prajJApAramitA (pANDulipi jI-4713) meM jisa pAla nareza mahIpAla kA lekha prApta hai yadi vaha mahIpAla-prathama hai to yaha pANDulipi usake rAjya ke chaThaveM varSa meM racI gayI, jisakA samaya lagabhaga san 992 honA cAhie. ata: yaha dasavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima kAla kI racanA hai. isa tAr3apatrIya pANDulipi meM bAraha citra haiM. 5 zilappadikAram, saMpAdana : rAmacaMdra dIkSitAra 1939. madrAsa. pR 206. sarga 13. paMkti 168-179. 400

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adhyAya 31 ] bhitti citra isa viSaya meM jaina lekhakoM dvArA kiye gaye kalA-viSayaka ullekha hamAre lie vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM / udyotana- sUri dvArA, jo vIrabhadra ke ziSya the tathA Age calakara vidvAn jaina sAdhu haribhadra - sUri ke ziSya bane, rAjasthAna meM jAlora nAmaka sthAna para san 778 776 meM prAkRta bhASA meM racita kuvalayamAlA - kahA nAmaka graMtha meM jisa saMsAra-cakra-paTa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha spaSTataH paTa-kapar3e ke citra- phalaka para aMkita citra kA sAkSya hai / isa paTa meM svarga ke sukhoM ke viparIta mAnava-jIvana ke dukhoM evaM nirarthakatAoM kA aMkana hai / isa paTa kA citrAMkana prazaMsanIya mAnA gayA hai / isI prakAra jinasenaprathama ( lagabhaga 830 I0) ne apane graMtha Adi-purANa meM eka jaina caityavAsa sthita paTTazAlA kA ullekha kiyA hai / jaTAsiMhanaMdI ( lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI) ne apane graMtha varAMga-carita meM eka jaina maMdira ke bhItara paTTakoM ke pradarzita kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina paTTakoM para tIrthaMkaroM, prasiddha jainasAdhunoM aura cakravartiyoM (mahAn rAjAnoM) ke jIvana caritroM kA citrAMkana hai / yahA~ para yaha ullekhanIya hai ki uparyukta aMtima donoM ullekha dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina maMdiroM se saMbaddha haiM jisake AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki paTTakoM ke citraNa kI paraMparA jainoM meM vyApaka rUpa se pracalita thI / yadyapi paTTaka zabda kA artha lakar3I kA takhtA ho sakatA hai aura kapar3e para taiyAra kiyA citra - phalaka bhI, lekina isase kapar3e ke taiyAra kiye citra phalaka kA artha lenA adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai / ina prAraMbhika paToM ko bAda anekAneka jaina kapar3e ke paToM kA udbhAvaka mAnanA cAhie / 2 bAda ke anekAneka jaina paToM ke viSaya meM jaina kalA ke vidvAn bhalI-bhA~ti paricita haiM / uparokta ullikhita prAraMbhika paTa-citroM tathA bAda ke ina paTa- citroM ke saMdarbhoM se hameM yaha saMketa milatA hai ki kapar3oM ke paToM para isa prakAra ke citroM ke nirmANa kI eka laMbI, avicchinna aura kramabaddha paraMparA rahI hai / ke para bane paraMtu yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki yadyapi samasta prAraMbhika ullekha maMdiroM kI dIvAroM aura paToM citroM kI ora saMketa karate haiM, phira bhI jahA~ taka hameM jJAta hai, ve pANDulipiyoM ke citraNa ke astitva aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva meM usake pracalana ke bAre meM vizeSa rUpa se mauna haiN| hue zvetAMbara pANDulipiyA~ pANDulipiyoM ke citrAMkana kA prAraMbha prAcInatama citrAMkita jaina pANDulipi meM tAr3apatra para progha niryukti tathA daza - vaikAlika - TIkA nAmaka do graMtha likhe gaye haiM / ina donoM kI prazastiyoM meM eka hI dAtA, eka hI pAtra -sAdhu aura eka hI lipikAra kA ullekha hai / progha niyukti kI prazasti meM tithi kA bhI ullekha hai / yaha tithi hai vikrama 1 ( zAha umAkAMta premAnaMda) kA oNla iNDiyA oriyaNTala kAMphreMsa ke phAina grAsa sekzana 24vA~ adhivezana, vArANasI, aktUbara 1968 meM diyA gayA adhyakSIya bhASaNa. 2 motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, pR 46. 401

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 saMvat 1117 (1060 ii0)| isa pANDulipi meM aMtima citroM meM zrI kA eka citra, kAmadeva dvArA vANa chor3e jAne kA eka sajIva citra tathA hAthiyoM ke sudakSatApUrNa aMkita kucha citra haiM (citra 265 k)| isa pANDulipi ke citroM ke atyuttama stara ke rekhAMkana ko dekhakara hameM isalie pAzcaryacakita hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki, hama isa tathya se bhalI-bhAMti paricita haiM ki vastroM para kuzala citrakAroM dvArA paTToM ke citrAMkana kI paraMparA gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke bahata pUrva se pracalita rahI hai| yadyapi kapar3e para bar3e AkAra ke citra banAne meM abhyasta paTa-citrakAroM ko prAraMbha meM tAr3a ke choTe se patra ke atyaMta sImita sthAna para citrAMkana karane meM kucha asuvidhA rahI hogii| paraMtu sacitra pANDulipiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM eka prazna sarvaprathama vicAraNIya hai ki jaina tADapatrIya pANDulipiyoM para, jinameM tAr3apatroM kA kSetraphala atyaMta sImita hai, citrAMkana mAtra gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se hI kisa prakAra prAraMbha huaa| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki aneka jaina graMtha gyArahavIM zatAbdI se pahale bhI tAr3apatroM para likhe gaye haiM, bhale hI unakI pratiyA~ aba upalabdha nahIM haiM, kintu upalabdha pramANa yaha saMketa detA hai ki prAraMbhika tAr3apatrIya pANDulipiyoM ke--jinameM sabase prAcIna san 1060 kI racI jaisalamera kI aogha-niyukti kI pANDulipi kA hama pahale ullekha kara cuke haiM-- uttaravartI vikAsa ke phalasvarUpa hI tADapatrIya pANDulipiyoM ke citraNa kI paraMparA prakAza meM AyI hai| isa viSaya meM binA kisI pUrvAgraha ke kucha saMbhAvanAe~ vyakta kI jA sakatI haiN| jinameM se eka saMbhAvanA yaha hai ki dasavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se pUrva hI yahA~ para dhArmika aura sAhityika graMthoM kI sacitra pANDalipiyoM kI eka sAmAnya paraMparA pracalita thii| ye prAraMbhikatama pANDalipiyA~ bauddha aura jaina dharma se saMbaMdhita sacitra pANDulipiyA~ haiM jo Aja bhI surakSita haiN| ina donoM dharmoM kI sacitra pANDulipiyoM kI paraMparA eka sAmAnya srota se udbhAvita hai; ata: ina donoM dharmoM meM se kisI ne eka dUsare se anupreraNA prApta nahIM kI hai| paraMtu ina donoM ke sAmAnya srota ke viSaya meM hamAre pAsa koI pramANa nahIM hai| abataka jJAtavya sabase prAcIna sacitra pANDulipi bauddha dharma se saMbaMdhita hai| isa pANDulipi kI racanA pAlavaMzIya zAsaka mahIpAla ke rAjyakAla ke chaThaveM varSa meM huI thii| yadi yaha zAsaka mahIpAla-prathama hai to, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, isa pANDulipi kA racanAkAla lagabhaga san 662 hai / isa pANDulipi ke citraNa kI zailI dIrghakAla se calI A rahI ajaMtA kI uccastarIya citraNa-paraMparA se lI gayI hai| paraMtu isakI racanA meM kahIM adhika sthiratA aura prastutIkaraNa meM praupacArikatA hai| isa pANDulipi ko mahAn bauddha vizvavidyAlaya nAlaMdA meM lipibaddha kiyA gayA hai| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki tAr3apatra ke sImita kSetraphala ke kAraNa, jisapara pATha bhI likhA jAtA thA, dasavIM zatAbdI se pUrva pANDulipiyoM ke citraNa kI paraMparA kA vikAsa na ho pAyA ho| phira bhI, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dasavIM zatAbdI meM bauddha pratimAoM ke rekhAMkana aura dhvajAoM para dhArmika viSayoM ke citrAMkana ke abhyAsI kucha bauddha bhikSoM ne dhArmika pANDalipiyoM ko citrita karane kI AvazyakatA 1 yaha pANDulipi jaisalamera ke eka jaina bhaNDAra meM hai. isakA sarvaprathama ullekha DaoN. satyaprakAza ne hiMdI patrikA 'prAkRti' meM kiyA thA; tadapazcAt DaoN. umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha ne kiyA, pUrvokta. 402

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adhyAya 31] bhitti-citra anubhava kI aura unhoMne tAr3apatra ke sImita kSetraphala ke uparAMta bhI unapara laghucitroM kI racanA kii| isa prakAra unhoMne kalA kI eka nayI vidhA kA zrIgaNeza kiyaa| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki unheM ina citroM kI racanA ke lie kina kAraNoM ne utprerita kiyA paraMtu yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai ki pA~cavI zatAbdI ke prAraMbhika kAla meM bhI citrAMkana kI paraMparA vidyamAna thii| pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke AraMbhika varSoM meM cInI yAtrI phAhyAna ne cIna lauTane se pUrva do varSa taka tAmralipti ke taTa para sthita eka bauddha maTha meM rahakara sUtragraMthoM kI pratilipi hI nahIM kI balki bauddha pratimAoM kA rekhAMkana bhI kiyA / bauddha pratimAoM ke ye rekhAMkana nissaMdeha pUjA-pATha ke lie kiye jAte the aura inakA sthAyI saMgraha sadaiva yahA~ dekhane ke lie upalabdha rahatA thaa| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jaina dharma kI pANDulipiyoM ko citrita karane kI preraNA jaina AcAryoM ne bauddha dharma kI una prAraMbhika sacitra tAr3apatrIya pANDulipiyoM se lI ho jo pAlavaMzIya zAsanakAla ke aMtargata baMgAla meM citrita huii| bauddha dharma kI ina tADapatrIya sacitra pANDulipiyoM meM bauddha dharma ke devI-devatAoM tathA buddha ke jIvana saMbaMdhI ghaTanAoM ke citra aMkita haiN| yaha jJAta nahIM hai ki ve kyA kAraNa aura paristhitiyA~ thIM jinameM jaina sAdhu bauddhoM kI ina tADapatrIya sacitra pANDulipiyoM kI citraNa-paraMparA ke saMparka meM aaye| aise bahuta se kAraNa ho sakate haiM jinameM yaha saMparka saMbhava huA ho| ina kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhie / kyoMki jaina samudAya ke loga deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM rahate Aye haiM ataH ho sakatA hai ki isI dezavyApI saMparka ke kAraNa aisA huA ho / dUsare, jaina dharma pracAraka sAdhu gujarAta se deza ke dUra-dUra pradezoM kI niraMtara yAtrAe~ karate rahe haiN| ataH ho sakatA hai ina sudUra yAtrAoM ke kAraNa ve unake saMparka meM Aye hoN| Age yaha bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jainoM kA dhArmika anuzAsana bauddhika jJAna kI upalabdhiyoM ke sAtha hindU aura bauddha paraMparA kI dhArmika kalA aura sAhitya ke vikAsa se asaMpRkta nahIM thA kyoMki isa tathya kI saMpuSTi bhaNDAroM meM pAye jAne vAle jainetara sAhitya kI upasthiti se bhI hotI hai| jaina dharma kI sabase prAcIna san 1060 kI jaisalamera-bhaNDAra kI sacitra pANDulipi bauddha dharma kI sabase prAcIna tADapatrIya sacitra pANDulipi se mAtra pacahattara varSa bAda kI hai--yaha eka saMyoga mAtra hai| bhAratIya bhitti-citraNa-kalA kI kahAnI isa tathya kI ora spaSTataH aMguli-nirdeza karatI hai ki ina tInoM mahAn dharmoM kI kalAtmaka gatividhiyA~ abhivyakti kI eka-samAna dizA kA anusaraNa karatI rahI haiN| yaha saMbhAvanA bhI kI jAtI hai ki pAlavaMzIya zAsanakAlIna prAraMbhika bauddha sacitra pANDulipiyoM ne jainoM ko vaisI hI kalA-pravRtti apanAne kI preraNA pradAna kI ho| yaha saMbhAvanA AdhArahIna nahIM hai| pANDalipiyoM ke kASTha-nirmita prAvaraNa jaisalamera ke prasiddha jaina bhaNDAra meM do sacitra paTaliyA~ (pANDulipiyoM ke kASTha-nirmita AvaraNa) upalabdha haiM jinapara jaina mUrti-zAstra kI vidyAdeviyoM ke citra aMkita haiN| ina vidyAdeviyoM 1 phAhyAna dvArA likhita e rikaoNrDa praoNpha buddhisTa kaNTrIja kA anuvAda . anu. cAinIz2a buddhisTa esosiyezana, 1957, pIkiMga ; pR 77. 403

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [bhAga 1 ke citraNa kI preraNA spaSTataH pAlakAlIna bauddha pANDulipiyoM ke citroM se lI gayI hai| ye bauddha pANDulipiyA~ pAlavaMzIya zAsaka rAmapAla ke zAsanakAla meM saMbhavataH gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArgha yA bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kI citrita haiN| ina vidyAdeviyoM kI paTaliyoM ke dilahoM meM se eka dilahe meM do upAsikAe~ citrita haiN| ye upAsikAe~ ina paTaliyoM ke kAla-nirdhAraNa ke lie mahattvapUrNa saMketa upalabdha karatI haiN| ina paTaliyoM kI racanA prasiddha jaina vidvAna jinadatta-sUri ke jIvanakAla meM huI hai| unakA nidhana sana 1954 meM haA thaa| dUsarI paTalI meM bhI bilakUla aisI hI upAsikAe~ citrita haiN| yaha paTalI (raMgIna citra 22) jaisalamera ke jaina bhaNDAra meM hai| yaha paTalI prAyaH nizcita rUpa se usa avasara para citrita kI gayI jaba jinadatta-sUri mAravAr3a ke marukoTTA (mAroTha) nAmaka sthAna para eka vizAla maMdira kI pratiSThApanA ke lie padhAre the| isa maMdira kA nirmANa jinadattasUri ke dharmopadezoM kI preraNA para huA thA ataH isa maMdira meM pratimA-pratiSThApanA karane ke lie unheM padhAranA hI thaa| jinadatta-sUri zyAma varNa ke the aura ve apane varNa ke lie jAne jAte the, isalie isa paTalI meM unheM bhUre tvacA-raMga meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / isa citra meM unheM apane ziSya jinarakSita, tIna zrAvakoM (naye ziSyoM) tathA inameM se eka zrAvaka kI do patniyoM ko mahAvIra ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita upadeza dete hue darzAyA gayA hai / paTalI2 ke madhya meM mahAvIra Asana para virAjamAna haiM aura unakI dAhinI ora jinadatta-sUri ko apane ziSyoM-guNacaMdra-sUri aura somacaMdra-sUri-ko dete hue punaH darzAyA gayA hai / yaha paTalI ogha-niyukti kI pANDulipi kA AvaraNa hai / prodha-niyukti jaina sAdhuoM ke lie eka AcAra-saMhitA graMtha hai| yaha paTalI isa graMtha yA kisI anya graMtha ke sAtha nizcaya hI jinadatta-sUri ko unake kisI anuyAyI dvArA mahAvIra kI pratimA-pratiSThApanA ke avasara para bheMTasvarUpa pradAna kI gayI hogii| saMbhavataH isakA dAna-dAtA vahI zrAvaka hai jise apanI do patniyoM sahita paTalI para darzAyA gayA hai| kyoMki isa paTalI ko hama suvidhA kI dRSTi se eka suprasiddha jaina AcArya ke samakAlIna citrita mAna sakate haiM, ataH isakA ucita kAla-nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jinadatta-sUri rAjasthAna ke nivAsI the, jinakA janma san 1075 meM tathA nidhana 1154 meM haa| isa paTalI para likhe gaye zIrSakoM se yaha bhI saMketa milatA hai ki isapara citraNa kina vyaktiyoM ke haiN| jinadatta-sUri san 1122 meM prAcArya bane aura yaha paTalI isake bAda hI citrita kI gayI hogI; ataH isakA racanAkAla san 1122 se 1154 ke madhya rahA hai / isa paTalI ke pRSTha-bhAga para mAtra patra-puSpoM kA alaMkaraNa hai / isa paTalI kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isapara eka zrAvaka kI do patniyoM ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM mahilAoM ke citroM meM bAgha-ajaMtA ke nArI-citroM ke AkAra aura mukhAkRti ke citraNa kI viziSTa paraMparA kA nirvAha hunmA hai, yadyapi inake 1 muni puNyavijaya evaM DaoN. umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha. sama peNTeDa buka-kavarsa phraoNma vesTarna iNDiyA,' jarnala praoNfa iNDiyana sosAiTI paoNfa porieNTala pArTa (spezala naMbara oNna vesTarna iNDiyana pArTa), mArca 1966. Y 34-44 evaM citra 25 evaM 27 ke anusAra, DaoN. zAha dvArA hAla hI meM ina vidyAdeviyoM ke lie sujhAyA gayA isase pUrva kA, arthAt dasavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se pUrva kA kAla sahaja svIkArya nahIM hai.. 2 motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, rekhAcitra 191 meM samUcI paTalI ko eka raMga meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai. 404

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adhyAya 31] bhitti-citra citraNa meM zailIgatatA aura rItibaddhatA ho sakatI hai| lekina citroM meM ajaMtA aura bAda kI citraNaparaMparA ke nirvAha kiye jAne kI yaha aMtima hI jhalaka hai kyoMki ina citroM ke bAda mAge ke citroM meM yaha jhalaka punaH nahIM dekhI gyii| isa paTalI meM aMkita dAr3hI vAle zrAvaka kA citra ailorA ke kailAsa-maMdira ke kucha bhitti-citroM meM citrita aisI hI dAr3hI vAle vyaktiyoM ke citroM se bahuta cha milatA-julatA hai| ye bhitti-citra sAmAnyataH bArahavIM zatAbdI ke batAye jAte haiM lekina ye isase kucha pUrva ke bhI ho sakate haiN| ye bhitti-citra eka paramAra zAsaka ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita mAne jAte haiM lekina isa viSaya meM abhI vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| ata: yaha kahanA anupayukta na hogA ki ajaMtA kI kalA-paraMparA aura usI prakAra usakI aMtarakAlIna ailorA kI citraNa-vidhi gujarAta meM niraMtara pracalita rahI, yadyapi usameM eka vikasita zailIbaddha rUpAkAra sthAna grahaNa karate gaye haiN| isake AdhAra para hama yaha anumAna lagA sakate haiM ki jaina maMdiroM ke ve prAraMbhika paTaka paura citra jinake hameM AThavIM evaM nauvIM zatAbdI meM upasthiti ke sAhityika sAkSya hI upalabdha hote haiM, tIvratA se lupta hotI huI zailI meM citrita kiye gaye hoNge| laMbI-laMbI, kAnoM taka vistRta A~khoM ke citrAMkana kI paraMparA, jo jinadatta-sUri kI paTalI meM dekhI gayI hai, vaha prathama bAra ajaMtA kI guphA-2 ke bhitti-citra meM pAyI gayI hai| lekina isa prakAra kI A~khoM kA citraNa isa guphA kI kucha hI prAkRtiyoM meM pAyA gayA hai| ajaMtA ke bAda yaha paraMparA pUnaH ailorA ke kailAsa-maMdira ke bhitti-citroN| gayI hai| visphArita A~khoM ke citraNa ko jaina kalA kI eka pramukha vizeSatA mAnA jAtA hai| visphArita A~khoM ke citraNa kI isa asAdhAraNa pravRtti ke eka se adhika kAraNa batAye jAte haiM, jinameM se jaina vidvAn muni jinavijaya dvArA sujhAyI gayI saMbhAvanA vizeSa rUpa se mAnya pratIta hotI hai| unakA anumAna hai ki kisI vizeSa saMpradAya yA citrakAra-samUha ne apane citroM meM yaha vizeSatA vikasita kara lI thI ki ve apane citroM meM devI-devatAoM yA mAnava-mukhAkRti ke pArzva-citra meM eka hI prAMkha aMkita karate the| eka hI A~kha ke aMkita kiye jAne ke phalasvarUpa yaha A~kha vistata prAkAra kI hotI thii| isa viSaya para aura bhI aneka saMbhAvanAe~ haiN| do anya paTaliyA~ bhI prakAzita ho cukI haiM jinapara jinadatta-sUri aura unake ziSyoM ke citra aMkita haiN| ye paTaliyA~ bhI jinadatta-sUri kI samakAlIna haiN| jinadatta-sUri kI samasta paTaliyA~ nizcita rUpa se rAjasthAna meM hI citrita honI cAhie aura unakA samaya san 1122 se 1154 ke madhya rahA honA caahie| ina samasta paTaliyoM ke kinAroM para patra-puSpa kA eka vizeSa prakAra kI alaMkaraNa hai tathA raMga-yojanA kI dRSTi se ye atyaMta saMpanna haiM (raMgIna citra 22) / ajaMtA-zailI ke citraNa kI paraMparA ina prAraMbhika paTaliyoM ke mAtra nArI-prAkRti-citraNa meM hI nahIM hai, isa kAla kI aisI aneka paTaliyA~ haiM jinapara latA-vallariyoM ke alaMkaraNa haiN| ina 1 riporTa praoNfa di mAkyaoNlaoNyikala sarve praoNfa haidarAbAda. 1927-28. citra DI aura I. 2 bhATiyA (pI). di paramArAja. 1967. naI dillI. pR 350. 3 apabhraMza-kAvyatrayI. gAyakavAr3a prorieNTala sIrIja, 37, 1927; meM eka paTalI prakAzita hai tathA dUsarI paTalI jarnala maoNpha iNDiyana sosAiTI praoNpha prorieNTala ArTa, mArca 1966 ke citra 22 meM prakAzita hai. 405

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 alaMkaraNoM meM ghumAvadAra latAoM se nirmita vRttAkAroM meM hAthI, ekAkI yA yugala battakha, paurANika jalacara Adi tathA anya pazu-pakSI aMkita haiM (raMgIna citra : 23 kha, ga aura gha) / eka suMdara paTalI meM latA ke vRttAkAra ghere aMkita nahIM haiM lekina jalAzaya meM vikasita kamala-pUSpa kI laharadAra latA ke ghumAva aMkita haiM jinameM hAthI, cItA, baMdara, machalI, kachuA aura daur3atI huI mudrA meM puruSa-prAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiM (citra : 266 ka, kh)| yaha paTalI jaisalamera kI samasta paTaliyoM meM saMbhavataH prAraMbhika hai| paraMtu isake lie bhI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se pahale kA samaya nirdhArita karanA ucita nahIM hogaa| anya do paTaliyoM meM se eka paTalI, jo isa samaya atyaMta ullekhanIya hai, jaisalamera ke jaina bhaNDAra se saMbaMdhita hai| isa paTalI meM hama eka jirApha tathA gaiMDe kA citra laharadAra latAoM ke vRttAkAroM meM, tathA pakSI, daityAkAra jalacara aura mohaka mudrA meM anAvRta vakSa vAlI kumAriyoM ke citra pAte haiM (citra : 267 ka, kha tathA 268 k)| isameM hiraNa, sUara aura eka bA~surI-vAdaka kA bhI citra hai (citra : 268 kha) / yadyapi jirApha bhArata kA pazu na hokara aphrIkI maidAnoM kA pazu hai, paraMtu isameM saMdeha nahIM ki isa paTalI ke citrakAra ne rAjasthAna se hokara jAte hue jirApha ko dekhA hai| saMbhava hai, isa jirApha ko koI videzI vyApArI dala apane sAtha liye jA rahA ho, kyoMki yaha to hameM bhalI-bhA~ti jJAta hai ki durlabha pazu-pakSI rAjanayika upahAroM kI sUcI meM sammilita rahe haiN| isalie ho sakatA hai ki isa jirApha ko kisI bhAratIya zAsaka ke lie upahAra-svarUpa bhejA gayA ho| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki yaha jirApha kisI vizAla vyApArika jalayAna dvArA jala-mArga se gujarAta ke kisI baMdaragAha para AyA ho| jo bhI ho, paTalI ke alaMkaraNa meM sammilita isa prakAra kI vividhatA isa tathya kI ora saMketa detI hai ki prAraMbha meM citrakAroM ko kalAtmaka abhivyakti kI pUrI svataMtratA prApta bhI, jo Age calakara kalA ke adhikAdhika aupacArika ho jAne ke kAraNa nahIM rhii| eka sIMgavAlA gaiMDA usa samaya bhArata meM upalabdha thaa| isa prakAra ke gaiMDe Aja tarAI-kSetra taka hI sImita raha gaye haiM jabaki usa samaya deza ke anya bhAgoM meM bhI pAye jAte the| isa paTalI ke citrakAra ne gaiMDe ko bhI kahIM saMbhavataH kisI ajAyabaghara yA kisI sthAna para baMda dekhA hogaa| dUsarI paTalI meM, jo isI bhaNDAra kI hai, hAthiyoM, Upara kI ora uThI huI pUcha-yukta pakSiyoM tathA khUkhAra zeroM ke citra aMkita haiN| ye sabhI pazu-pakSI vargAkAra gheroM ke madhya bane vRttoM meM aMkita haiM (citra 266 ka tathA kh)| ye pAlaMkArika citra hamArA dhyAna ajaMtA kI chatoM ke usa samRddha citraNa kI ora le jAte haiM jo puSpoM, pazu-pakSiyoM aura latA-vallariyoM kI abhikalpanAoM se ati saMpanna haiN| isa paTaliyoM ke prAlaMkaraNa-citraNa meM hama punaH eka bAra isa bAta ke sAkSya pAte haiM ki gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM, jahA~ ye paTaliyA~ citrita huI, ajaMtA ke AlaMkArika prAzayoM ke citraNa kI paraMparA pracalita thii| isa paTalI para 'niSIha-bhASya-pUjA zrI vijayasiMhAcArjAnama' likhA | navAba (sArAbhAI). molDesTa rAjasthAnI peNTigsa phraoNma jaina bhaNDArsa. 1959. ahamadAbAda. citra 3 ka se 8 ka. 2 pUrvokta, citra DablyU aura vAI. 3 pUrvokta, citra / aura 2. 406

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adhyAya 31 ] bhitti-citra huA hai, jisase yaha saMketa milatA hai ki yaha paTalI aura saMbhavataH vaha pANDulipi, jisake lie yaha paTalI banAyI thI, zrI vijayasiMhAcArya ko unake kisI anuyAyI dvArA taiyAra karAkara bheMTa kI gayI thii| vijayasiMhAcArya eka prasiddha jainAcArya the jo gujarAta ke siddharAja jayasiMha ke zAsanakAlIna (san 1094-1144) evaM zrI-hemacaMda-sUri tathA zrI-vAdideva-sUri jaise vidvAn jainAcAryoM ke samasAmayika the| bhASAgata yA aisA koI anya kAraNa prakAza meM nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para isa paTalI ko dasavIM zatAbdI ke madhya se pUrva kA arthAt zrI vijayasiMhAcArya ke samaya se pUrva kA citrita mAnA jA sake, athavA isa paTalI ko pahale kA citrita mAnA jAye aura sAtha meM yaha bhI ki yaha paTalI unake pAsa usa avasara para AyI ho jisakA ullekha isa paTalI ke lekha meM hai| yaha lekha-yukta paTalI zailIgata vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para anya paTaliyoM ke, jinameM hAthI, paurANika zera evaM pazu-pakSiyoM ke citra haiM, racanAkAla ko nirdhArita karane ke lie mUlyavAna sAmagrI prastuta karatI hai| kyoMki yaha paTalI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kI hai isalie yaha paTalI jaisalamera-bhaNDAra kI adhikAMzataH AlaMkArika paTaliyoM ke racanAkAla, apane samakAlIna yA isase pUrva kA, (jo adhika se adhika gyArahavIM ke uttarArdha kA samaya hai) nirdhArita karane kA eka acchA AdhAra pradAna karatI hai / yadyapi, inameM se kucha paTaliyoM kA samaya isase bahuta pahale kA arthAt dasavIM zatAbdI sujhAyA gayA hai, paraMtu sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kiyA gayA zailIgata vizleSaNa isa sujhAva kA samarthana nahIM krtaa| yathArthataH yadi yaha svIkArya ho ki tAr3apatrIya pANDalipiyoM ke citrita karAne tathA unake lie citrita paTaliyoM ke nirmANa karAne kI preraNA janoM ne bauddhoM kI pracalita paraMparA se grahaNa kI hai taba bhI yaha paraMparA svayaM meM gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya se pUrva kI nahIM baitthtii| jaina pANDulipi-citroM ke kAla-nirdhAraNa kI yaha vidhi bhI bhrAmaka siddha hogI yadi hama ina citroM meM aMkita prAkRtiyoM kI samAnatA gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI pratimAoM meM dekhane kA prayAsa kareM aura vaha bhI jabaki hama ina pratimAoM ko ina citroM ke lie vizuddha pratimAna mAnakara caleM / yadyapi isa vidhi kA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai lekina vaha bhI eka sImita kSetra taka; aura yaha dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI ki kisI pradeza vizeSa kI citra aura mUrtikalA eka hI kAla se anivAryataH saMbaMdhita nahIM hotI yadyapi unameM kucha samAnatAeM ho sakatI haiN| isa tathya ko satyApita karane ke lie amarAvatI aura nAgArjunI kauMDA kI mUrtikalA ke udAharaNa hamAre samakSa haiM / amarAvatI aura nAgArjunI kauMDA ke mUrti-zilpa aMjatA ke vAkATaka citroM ke samAnAMtara haiM, lekina isake uparAMta bhI Age kI do zatAbdiyoM ke madhya ye citra mUrti-zilpoM se nitAMta bhinna ho gye| isI prakAra muni puNyavijayajI ke saMgraha kI kSatigrasta eka paTalI (citra 270 ka), jisapara mahAvIra kA citra aMkita hai, zailIgata tulanA ke AdhAra para jinadatta-sari kI paTaliyoM se kisI prakAra bhI bhinna nahIM 1 muni puNyavijaya aura zAha, pUrvokta, pR 41, pAda-TippaNI 12. yahAM para isa paTalI kA racanAkAla isase pahale kA sujhAyA gayA hai. 2 pUrvokta, 141; hamAre dvArA sujhAye maye anumAnita samaya se bhI pUrva kA samaya zAha isa paTalI (raMgIna citra 23 ka, kha, ga, gha) ko de sakate hai. 3 pUrvokta, citra 23 (raMgIna). 407

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 hai jabaki yaha paTalI jinadatta-sUri kI paTaliyoM se kucha kAla pUrva kI hI rahI hai / isake anusAra isa paTalI kA racanAkAla gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isase Age ina paristhitiyoM para adhika bala nahIM diyA jA sakatA ki laMbI-laMbI A~khoM ke citraNa kI pravRtti inameM thI yA nhiiN| jaisalamera-bhaNDAra meM tilakAcArya kRta daza-vaikAlika-sUtra kI pANDalipi tathA kucha anya graMthoM kI AMzika tAr3apatrIya pANDulipiyA~ haiN| jinameM pArzvanAtha aura neminAtha ke jIvana saMbaMdhI aneka dRzya citrita haiN| ina citroM meM se adhikAMza citroM meM jo A~kheM citrita haiM ve asAmAnya DhaMga se visphArita nahIM hai yadyapi A~khoM ke citraNa meM laMbI-laMbI visphArita A~khoM ke citraNa kI paraMparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai (citra 271 ka, kha, ga, gh)| ye citra adhika se adhika terahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke nahIM haiN| eka tathya, jisakI upekSA nahIM kI jAnI cAhie lekina usakI apekSA kI jAtI rahI hai, yaha hai ki yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki kisI eka yA eka jaise samAna kAla meM vibhinna citrakAroM dvArA racegaye citroM meM eka hI zailI kA upayoga kiyA jAye / isalie kisI zailIgata bheda ko anivArya rUpa se kisI kAla yA prAMta kA bheda nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| bAhubalI-bharata-yuddha citrAMkita prasiddha paTalI ke paSTha-bhAga para ghamAvadAra latA-vallariyoM ke vRttAkAroM meM hAthI, pakSI aura paurANika zeroM ke prAlaMkArika abhiprAya citrita haiM (raMgIna citra 23 ka, kha, ga, gha) / yaha paTalI pahale sArAbhAI navAba ke pAsa thI aura aba yaha baMbaI ke kusuma aura rAjeya svAlI ke nijI saMgraha meM hai| yaha paTalI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kI hai yadyapi isakA racanAkAla uparokta lekha-yukta paTalI (citra 266 ka, kha) se kucha samaya pUrva kA ho sakatA hai| isa paTalI kI racanA siddharAja jayasiMha (san 10941144 I0) ke zAsanakAla meM vijayasiMhAcArya ke lie huI thii| isa paTalI kA racanAsthala rAjasthAna hI honA cAhie kyoMki rAjasthAna hI jinadatta-sUri kA mukhya kAryakSetra rahA hai aura pratIta hotA hai ki yahIM para jaisalamera-bhaNDAra kI adhikAMzataH prAraMbhika paTaliyA~ bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM citrita huI haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki bAhubalI-bharata-yuddhAMkana vAlI paTalI mUlata: jaisalamera-bhaNDAra kI hI paTalI hai| jaina citrakalA meM paTalI-citraNa-vidhA kI zreSTha kRtiyoM ke samUha meM vicAra karane ko abhI eka aisI paTalI' zeSa raha gayI hai jo atyaMta mahattvapUrNa aura sudakSa kalAkAritA kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai| isapara vicAra karane se hama svayaM ko abhI taka isalie rokate rahe haiM ki hameM jo sthAna yahA~ paTalI, tAr3apatra aura kAgaja para citrita jaina citrakalA kI sarvottama kRtiyoM kI vivecanA ke lie milA hai hama usakA samucita upayoga usI ke lie kara skeN| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha paTalI (raMgIna citra 24) eka jaina bhaNDAra kI hai| yaha paTalI pahale jaina vidvAn muni jinavijayajI ke pAsa thI aura isa samaya eka nijI saMgraha meM hai| isa paTalI para usa prasiddha zAstrArtha kA dRzya aMkita hai 1 navAba (sArAbhAI), pUrvokta, citra pro, pI aura kyU (ragIna) 2 motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, citra 199-203. 3 pUrvokta, citra 193-198. 408

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adhyAya 31] bhitti-citra jo mahAna zvetAMbara tarka-vid vAdideva-sUri aura suprasiddha digaMbara prAcArya kumudacaMdra ke madhya san 1124 meM siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjya-sabhA meM huA thA, jisameM vAdideva-sUri ne abhimAnI kumudacaMdra ko parAsta kiyA thaa| isameM kiMcita saMdeha nahIM ki isa paTalI ke citraNa kA mUla uddezya samasAmayika ghaTanA ko citrita karanA rahA hai| yaha paTalI isa zAstrArtha se adhika se adhika eka varSa kI avadhi meM citrita kI gayI hai / yaha zAstrArtha bhI chaha mAsa taka calA thaa| isa zAstrArtha kI kathA mAtra zvetAMbara jainoM ke pAgamAzrita sAhitya meM lipibaddha hI nahIM haiM apitu yazazcaMdra ke nATaka mudrita-kumudacaMdra kI kathAvastu bhI hai| yazazcaMdra gujarAta ke zAsaka siddharAja jayasiMha (san 1094-1144) ke zAsanakAla kA eka nATakakAra thA aura vaha svayaM isa avasara para upasthita thA / usane yaha nATaka isa zAstrArtha ke avasara para hI likhA thaa| isa saba ke anusAra isa paTalI kI racanA lagabhaga san 1125 meM honI caahie| isa paTalI kI sudakSa kalAkAritA rAjasthAna meM citrita jinadatta-sUri ke paTalI-samUha kI zreSThatama paTaliyoM kI kalAkAritA ke samakakSa hai| yaha paTalI saMbhavataH gujarAta kI rAjadhAnI pATana ke kisI citrakAra kI kalAkRti hai jahA~ para yaha zAstrArtha haA thaa| pATana meM pANDulipiyoM kI racanA-kalA ko bahuta bar3A saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| isa ghaTanA ko zvetAMbara jaina saMpradAya meM eka laMbe samaya taka smaraNIya banAye rakhane kI dRSTi se nissaMdeha hI vijayI vAdideva-sUri ke kisI prazaMsakaanuyAyI ne unheM kucha Agamika pAThoM kI pANDulipiyoM ke sAtha bheMTa karane ke lie yaha paTalI banavAyI hogii| isa paTalI aura jinadatta-sUri-paTalI-samUha meM zailIgata bhinnatA ina tathyoM se bhalI-bhAMti parigaNita kI jA sakatI hai ki ye vibhinna kSetroM meM citrita kI gayIM, phalataH inake citraNa ke lie vibhinna vyAvasAyika samUhoM ke citrakAra niyukta kiye gye| isa paTalI meM citrita mahAvIra kI pratimA ko le jAne vAle utsava ke ratha ke sAtha zobhA-yAtrA ke dRzya meM nartakoM aura gAyakoM-vAdakoM ko sajIva evaM AkarSaka rUpAkAroM meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| ye citra bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM pATana meM paTaliyoM ke nirmANa kI ucca takanIkI dakSatA kA saMketa dete haiN| inake atirikta anya aneka paTaliyA~ bhI hameM upalabdha haiM jo mukhyataH bArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha tathA terahavIM evaM caudahavIM zatAbdI meM racI gayI haiM lekina unameM paraMparAgata vizeSatAoM evaM praupacArikatA kI bar3hatI huI pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai, jisake phalasvarUpa inake alaMkaraNoM, laharadAra latAoM meM aMkita pazu-pakSI aura kamala-puSpoM ke aMkana meM kalAtmaka AnaMda kA prabhAva pAyA jAtA hai, tathA inameM jinadatta-sari ke paTalI-samUha-sA gaMbhIra AkarSaNa athavA deva-ri-kUmadacaMdra-zAstrArtha vAlI paTalI kI-sI camaka aura ujjvalatA nahIM pAyI jaatii| tAr3apatra-kAla tADapatrIya pANDulipiyoM ke citroM ke viSaya meM, jaisA ki hama Upara ullekha kara cuke haiM, sabase prAraMbhika aura jJAtavya pANDulipi-citra (citra 265 ka) san 1060 kA racA huA hai| isake uparAMta hameM piNDa-niyukti kA eka tAr3apatra prApta hai jisapara eka hAthI bhalI-bhA~ti aMkita hai yadyapi isakA raMga ghisa cukA hai (citra 270 kha) / isa tAr3apatra ke donoM kinAroM para kamala-padaka kA 409

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 aMkana hai / yaha pANDulipi kisI AnaMda nAmaka vyApArI ke putra ne nirmita kara muni caMdra-sUri ke ziSya yazodeva-sUri (1013-1123) ko bheMTa kI thii| Agamika graMthoM kI pANDulipiyoM kI pratiyA~ taiyAra karAkara jaina prAcAryoM meM vitarita karane kI prathA kA sAmAnya pracalana thaa| jaina AcArya isa prakAra zAstradAna meM AyI huI pANDulipiyoM ko sAmAnyataH apane bhaNDAroM meM surakSita rakhate the| prati saMpanna mahAjana (zreSThi) aura vyApArI gaNa jaina maMdiroM ko isa prakAra kI pANDulipiyA~ dAna meM dete the tathA jana sAmAnya meM bhI vitarita karate the / ye donoM prakAra ke dAna samAna rUpa se dAnAdAtA ke lie puNya kA kArya hotA thaa| isa prakAra kA Astikya bhAva abhirocaka samAjavAdI svarUpa ko Age lAtA jo jaina dharma meM vidyamAna thaa| zAstra ke dAnadAtA cAhe ina zAstroM ko dhArmika preraNA se vinamra bhAva se dAna dete athavA kisI pApa ke prAyazcitta svarUpa dete; lekina ye donoM prakAra ke dAna samAna rUpa se unake lie puNya kA arjana karate the| isa pANDulipi ke lekhaka kA nAma somapAla likhA gayA hai| yadi yaha pANDulipi yazodeva-sUri ke aMtima varSa se saMbaMdhita hai to yaha san 1123 ke bAda kI nahIM ho sktii| isake pRSTha-bhAga para eka rUpAkAra hai jisameM do kamala-puSpoM ke bIca do vRtta aMkita haiM jinameM se eka vRtta kamaladaloM se nirmita hai aura dUsarA haMsoM ke ghere se / bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM citrita paTaliyoM meM haMsoM kA pAlaMkArika abhiprAyoM ke rUpa meM jo upayoga pAyA jAtA hai vahI upayoga isI kAla ke lagabhaga race gaye sabhI tADapatrIya pANDulipiyoM ke citroM meM pAyA gayA hai| yaha pANDulipi isa samaya kSatigrasta avasthA meM hai| kisI samaya yaha muni jinavijayajI ke saMgraha meM thii| khaMbhAta sthita zAMtinAtha-maMdira ke bhaNDAra meM jJAna-sUtra kI eka pANDulipi hai jisameM mAtra do citra haiN| yaha pANDulipi san 1127 kI prAraMbhika prati hone ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai| isake eka citra meM khar3I mudrA meM sarasvatI kI AkarSaka AkRti aMkita hai| ina citroM meM A~khoM ke vistRta rUpa se aMkita karane kI pravRtti jinadatta-sUri kI samakAlIna paTaliyoM ke aMtargata bhI nahIM pAyI jaatii| smaraNa rahe ki jinadatta-sUri kI paTaliyoM meM nArI-prAkRtiyoM kA aMkana ajaMtA kI pracalita kalA-paraMparA meM huA hai jo Age calakara samApta-prAya ho gyii| sarasvatI kA yaha citra (citra 270 ga) usa lAkSaNika jaina zailI kA pUrva rUpa hai jisane Age calakara paravartI pANDulipi-citroM meM pramukha sthAna prApta kiyaa| isa pANDulipi ke bAda daza-vaikAlika-laghuvRti nAmaka pANDulipi kA sthAna AtA hai| yaha pANDulipi san 1143 kI racI huI hai tathA pUrvokta bhaNDAra meM hI hai| isameM mAtra eka hI citra hai jisameM do jaina sAdhu evaM eka zrAvaka kA citra aMkita hai| yaha pANDulipi kevala prAkkAlIna mahattva kI hai / isI bhaNDAra meM neminAtha-carita nAmaka eka pANDulipi hai jo san 1241 kI lipibaddha hai| isameM cAra citra haiM jinameM se eka AkarSaka citra padamAsIna aMbikA kA hai| ina citroM 1 pUrvokta, citra 16 (raMgIna). 2 pUrvokta, citra 46 (raMgIna). 410

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yA 31 ] bhitti-citra se jJAta hotA hai ki isa samaya taka jaina tAr3apatrIya citroM kI zailI kucha apanI atizaya rItibaddhatAoM ke sAtha pUrNarUpeNa vikAsa pA cukI thI, jo agalI kaI zatAbdiyoM taka pracalita rahI / ina prAraMbhika tAr3apatrIya pANDulipiyoM meM citroM kI saMkhyA sAmAnyataH alpa hI hai lekina isa taraha kA koI eka samAna niyama nahIM thA / vizeSakara terahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha ke pazcAt kI racI gayI pANDulipiyoM meM aisA nahIM hai / bar3audA ke nikaTa chANI sthita jaina bhaNDAra kI progha - niyukti kI tAr3apatrIya pANDulipi meM vidyAdeviyoM ! ke citra eka bar3I saMkhyA meM vidyamAna haiM / ina vidyAdeviyoM ke citroM kI kalAtmakatA uttama hai paraMtu deviyoM ke citroM ke bAra-bAra doharAkara aMkita kiye jAne se inameM samarasatA A gayI hai, vaividhya nahIM raha gayA hai / vidyAdeviyoM ke ye citra spaSTataH pUrvokta aMbikA ke citra kI zailI meM hI aMkita haiM / aMbikA kA yaha citra san 1241 kI nirmiti hai, isakA ullekha Upara kiyA gayA hai / vidyAdeviyoM ke ye citra terahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdhaM se saMbaMdhita haiM yadyapi inheM kucha lekhakoM dvArA bhramavaza san 1961 kA mAnA gayA hai / sAvaga-pADikkamaNa-sutta - cuNNi zIrSaka tAr3apatrIya pANDulipi bosTana sthita myUjiyama zraoNpha phAina ArTasa ke saMgraha meM hai jo san 1260 meM udayapura ke nikaTa mevAr3a meM racI gayI / isameM chaha citra haiM jisameM se kucha burI taraha se kSatigrasta ho cuke haiM / ye citra zailIgata grAdhAra para una pANDulipiyoM ke citroM se bhinna nahIM haiM jo gujarAta meM race gaye / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki gujarAtI arthAt pazcima bhAratIya zailI dakSiNa rAjasthAna meM bhI pracalita rahI thI / terahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM ina tAr3apatrIya citroM meM eka aura anya vizeSatA kA vikAsa huA hai| citrakAroM ne tAr3apatra ke sImita kSetraphala ke hote hue bhI tAr3apatra ke mUlapATha kI viSayavastu ke anurUpa citroM ko vivaraNAtmaka svarUpa meM adhika se adhika bhAvAbhivyakti pradAna karane kI dizA meM caraNa Age bar3hAyA tathA citrAMkana meM usa sImA taka svataMtratA kA upayoga kiyA jisa sImA taka unake pUrvavartI citrakAra kabhI nahIM gaye the / abataka eka hI devI - devatA ke citra hote jo kabhI apane sevakoM ke sAtha aMkita kiye jAte the to kabhI akele hI, unake sthAna para aba kahIM-kahIM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana-caritoM ke dRzya citrAMkita kiye jAne lage / isa prakAra kI do ullekhanIya pANDulipiyA~ hamAre sAmane haiM jinameM se pahalI hai--subAhukathA tathA anya kathAoM kI pANDulipi jo san 1288 2 kI racI huI hai tathA dUsarI pATana sthita saMghavI bhaNDAra ke saMgraha meM upalabdha hai / isameM neminAtha ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA citrAMkana haiM / ye citra saMkhyA meM 23 haiM / ina citroM meM caTTAnoM, vRkSoM aura anya pazuoM kI AkRtiyoM ke upayoga se dRzya citroM kI sarjanA kI gayI hai, jabaki vibhinna bhAgoM kI ghaTanAe~ eka kramabaddha vivaraNAtmaka vidhi se aMkita kI gayI haiM / isase sabhI vibhinna ghaTanAe~ milakara 1 pUrvokta, citra 39 se 42 ( raMgIna ) . 2 pUrvokta, citra 50 se 53. 411

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha- zilpa [ bhAga 7 eka bana gayI haiM / ye sabhI ghaTanAe~ eka citra ke phalaka meM hI aMkita ho gayI haiM / vibhinna ghaTanAoM ke citraNa kI yaha vidhi aura dRzya citroM ke aMkita karane kA DhaMga gyArahavIM zatAbdI - pUrva ke prAraMbhika jaina paTToM ( kapar3e para citrita) tathA jaina maMdiroM ke bhitti citroM ke citrakAroM ko avazya jJAta rahA hogA; lekina paTaliyoM se bhinna isa prakAra ke navonmeSa ko tAr3apatra ke sImita phalaka para citrita karane kA prayAsa saMbhavataH nahIM kiyA gayA / nitAMta mUrtiparaka citrAMkana se dUra haTane kI yaha pravRtti isa bAta kA saMketa detI hai ki citrakAroM ne laghucitroM kI saMbhAvanAoM ko tathA tAr3apatra ke atyaMta sImita kSetraphala kA saMyojanAtmaka dRSTi se upayoga bhI bhalI-bhA~ti samajha liyA thA / dUsarI pANDulipi meM, jo isI varga meM prAtI hai, racanA-tithi kA ullekha nahIM hai, paraMtu spaSTataH isakA kAla bhI vahI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai jo pUrvokta pANDulipi kA / isameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aura neminAtha kI jIvana-saMbaMdhI ghaTanAe~ aMkita haiN| yaha pANDulipi jaisalamera ke jaina bhaNDAra meM hai ( citra 271 ka, kha, ga, gha ) / isameM bIsa citra haiM / ina donoM pANDulipiyoM ke citra vizeSa AkarSaka haiM tathA pUrva ullikhita eka hI devI ke citra vAlI prAraMbhika pANDulipiyoM ke citroM se kahIM adhika pravAhamaya haiM / citrakAroM kA dRSTikoNa unheM adhika se adhika alaMkRta karane kA rahA hai / tIrthaMkara kI jIvana saMbaMdhI ghaTanAoM ko aMkita karane ke lie apanAyI gayI kucha mAnyatAoM ko bhI ina citroM meM vikasita hote hue dekhA jA sakatA hai / ina mAnyatAoM ko saMbhavataH inhIM ke samAna una mAnyatAoM se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai jinhoMne gyArahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva jaina paTToM evaM maMdiroM ke bhitti citroM meM vikAsa pAyA thA / yadyapi gujarAta meM pANDulipi ke lekhana ke lie kAgaja kA upayoga bahuta pahale arthAt bArahavIM zatAbdI se hone lagA thA kintu pANDulipIya citroM ko citrita karane ke lie kAgaja kA upayoga lagabhaga caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka nahIM ho balki isakA upayoga san 1400 ke lagabhaga kisI prakAra tAr3apatra ke sthAna para kiyA gayA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tAr3apatroM para pANDulipi citroM kI racanA caudahavIM zatAbdI, aura yahA~ taka ki paMdrahavIM zatAbdI taka pracalita rahI / isa uttaravartI kAla kI racI pANDulipiyoM meM kalpasUtra tathA kAlakAcArya - kathA ullekhanIya haiM / ina donoM pANDulipiyoM para inakA racanAkAla aMkita hai / ye pANDulipiyA~ ahamadAbAda sthita ujjamphoi dharmazAlA ke bhaNDAra meM hai / inakI racanA san 1370 meM huI thI (citra 272 ka, kha ) / isameM mAtra chaha citra haiN| citroM kI isa alpatA kI dRSTi se isameM sacitra pANDulipiyoM kI usa prAcIna paraMparA kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai jinameM kucha hI citra huA karate the / ye citra yadyapi gatihIna aura aupacArika hai paraMtu sudakSa kalAkAritA ke sakA; 1 navAba ( mArAbhAI) pUrvokta, citra je se esa taka ( raMgIna ). 2 grahamadAbAda ke ela. DI. isTITyUTa meM san 1294 kI kAgaja para likhI gayI pANDulipi 'zAMtinAtha boli' kA eka pRSTha surakSita hai| eka dUsarI bArahavIM zatAbdI kI kAgaja para citrita pANDulipi muni jinavijayajI ke pAsa thI. motIcaMdra pUrvokta, citra 54 se 58 taka. 3 412

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adhyAya 31] laghucitra (ka) zrI aura kAmadeva, eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM citrAMkana, 1060 I. (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) mAmAmasA. rAyakA HOMEON (kha) vidyAdevI aura bhakta mahilAeM, eka citrAMkita paTalI kA prAMzika dRzya, 1122-54 I0, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) citra 265

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 (kha) (ka) aura (kha) eka citrAMkita paTalI ke dRzya, gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA aMtima yA bArahavIM kA prAraMbhika bhAga ( isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) citra 266 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 31] laghucitra Minum (kha) (ka) aura (kha) eka citrAMkita paTalI ke dRzya, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika bhAga (isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) citra 267

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 (ka) eka citrAMkita paTalI kA prAMzika dRzya, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika bhAga, ( isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie ), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) (kha) eka citrAMkita paTalI kA prAMzika dRzya bArahavIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika bhAga (isase pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) citra 268

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adhyAya 31] laghucitra DatestansanRLI TITITMmsun.. MILITA MAULAGALLEer wwww (ka) DOM -- - (kha) (ka) aura (kha) eka citrAMkita paTalI para pazuoM kI rekhAkRtiyAM, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdhaM (isase bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima-bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) citra 269 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha zilpa (ka) paTalI para tIrthaMkara ke abhiSeka kA citrAMkana, gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima bhAga se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke AraMbhika bhAga taka, ( isake bhI pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (lA0 da0 saMsthAna, ahamadAbAda ) moDine sakA rAhazI // 4 // zramAvAla niiiA thA. (kha) eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM gaja kA citrAMkana, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa, ( pahale muni jinavijayajI ke saMgraha meM thI) disalaH ||tumiccvn sAu sutaH zrImAjhI dA matIpramA citra 270 (ga) eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM sarasvatI kA citrAMkana, 1127 I0, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (zAMtinAtha bhaNDAra khaMbhAta) gurupA [ bhAga 7

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adhyAya 31 ] (ka) (ST) (gha) (ka) se (gha) taka, eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM citrAMkana; terahavIM zatAbdI, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) citra 271 (kha) laghucitra

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 (ka) tIrthaMkara kA abhiSeka THI SKY GYeao do co 1 Gcara (kha) tIrthaMkara kA janma (kha) eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi meM citrAMkana, 1370 I0, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zaulI (ujhamphoI dharmazAlA, ahamadAbAda) citra 272

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adhyAya 31 ] laghucitra udAharaNa haiM / ina citroM ke nirIkSaNa se yaha tathya ubharakara sAmane AtA hai ki citrakAroM meM isa bAta kI samajha bar3hane lagI thI ki laghucitroM ke uttama aMkana ke lie kuzala rekhAMkana tathA tUlikA para nipuNatApUrNa adhikAra apekSita tabhI laghucitra pUrNarUpeNa prabhAvazAlI bana sakate haiM / isI kAla kI athavA isase kucha samaya uparAMta racI gayI suprasiddha kalpa- sUtra kI tAr3apatrIya pANDulipi ke cauMtIsa laghucitroM meM raMgoM ke prabhAva ko ubhArane ke lie svarNa kA upayoga huA hai / kalpa-sUtra ko yaha pANDulipi IDara sthita AnaMdajI - maMgalajI-nI peDhI-nA jJAna bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / 1 citroM meM svarNa ke upayoga kI preraNA saMbhavataH phArasI pANDulipiyoM ke citroM se lI gayI hai / gujarAta isa samaya dillI salatanata ke musalamAna sUbedAroM ke zAsanAdhIna thA aura ina musalamAna zAsakoM dvArA hiMdU-muslima sAMskRtika samanvaya ko atyadhika protsAhana diyA jA rahA thaa| jaina pANDulipiyoM ke citrakAroM ko saMbhavataH sacitra phArasI pANDulipiyoM ko dekhane ke avasara mile hoMge / bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM bhI tAr3apatrIya kucha aise citra haiM jinameM svarNa kA upayoga huA hai / IDara sthita kalpa- sUtra kI pANDulipi ke racanAkAla ke viSaya meM kucha matabheda haiM paraMtu zailI ke AdhAra para isakA kAla lagabhaga san 1370 athavA isase kucha uparAMta kA nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / pratIta hotA hai ki terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI meM sacitra tAr3apatrIya pANDulipiyoM kI racanA bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM huI ataH isa bar3I saMkhyA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yadi vicAra kiyA jAye to kisI kAla-vizeSa ke pANDulipi - citroM meM kalAtmaka guNoM kI ekarUpatA kA pAyA jAnA sadaiva saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki inake citrakAra bhinna-bhinna hote haiM aura ve apane kalA kauzala meM vaibhinya rakhate haiM / ataH isa tathya ko hameM kisI kAla kI nirmita zreSTha kRtiyoM se itara kalA-kRtiyoM mUlyAMkana meM sadaiva dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie / kAgaja kAla yadyapi gujarAta meM jaina pANDulipiyoM ke lekhana ke lie kAgaja kA upayoga bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hone lagA thA, paraMtu prApta pramANoM ke anusAra kAgaja kA upayoga pANDulipi citroM ke lie caudahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva nahIM huA / isakA kyA kAraNa rahA hogA -- yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / saMbhavataH kAgaja ke abhAva ke kAraNa aisA rahA ho / kucha bhI ho, tathya yaha hai ki bArahavIM aura terahavIM tathA caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka tAr3apatroM para pANDulipi-lekhana kI paraMparA pracalita rahI / yadi hama paraMparAgata suparicita vivaraNoM ko mAnyatA pradAna kareM to yaha paraMparA vyApaka stara para pracalita rahI / aura ina paraMparAgata vivaraNoM ke anusAra gujarAta ke caulukya zAsakoM, siddharAja jayasiMha (san 1064-1144) evaM kumArapAla (san 1944 -72 ) tathA terahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha ke baghela zAsakoM ke vastupAla aura tejapAla jaise prasiddha dhanADhya maMtriyoM tathA paramAra zAsaka jayasiMha ke maMtrI pethaDa - zAha ke kAla meM bahula saMkhyA meM pANDulipiyoM kI racanA huI / 1 vahI, rekhAcitra 59 se 78. 413

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [bhAga 1 umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha ke matAnusAra kAgaja para lipibaddha kI huI sabase prAraMbhika jaina sacitra pANDulipi kalpa-sUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA hai jisakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1403 (1346 I.)1 hai| isa pANDulipi kA phalaka kama caur3A hai jisakA mApa mAtra 2848.5 seNTImITara hai aura eka pRSTha para mAtra chaha paMktiyA~ likhI gayI haiN| pANDulipi ke isa racanAkAla ko prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki isakI tithi vikrama saMvat 1403 kA ullekha isake lekha meM nahIM hai varan eka pRSTha ke hAzie para hai jo bAda meM likhI gayI pratIta hotI hai| isa pANDulipi ke kalpa-sUtra-bhAga ke aMta meM yaha ullekha hai ki yaha pANDulipi vikrama saMvat 1505 (san 1448) meM mahAvIra-bhaNDAra meM aayii| saMbhAvanA yaha hai ki san 1448 meM hI isa pANDulipi kA nirmANa huA aura jaise hI yaha taiyAra huI, vaise hI, usI varSa, isa bhaNDAra meM A gyii| zailIgata AdhAra para bhI isa pANDulipi ke lie san 1346 bahuta pUrva kA samaya baiThatA hai| isa niSkarSa kA samarthana kalpasUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA kI eka anya pANDulipi se hotA hai jo rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya (praviSTi-saMkhyA 51.53) meM hai| yaha pANDulipi zailI aura pRSTha ke mApa meM pUrvokta pANDulipi ke samAna hai (raMgIna citra 26) / ina donoM pANDulipiyoM ke pRSThoM kA mApa 2848.5 seNTImITara hai tathA pratyeka pRSTha para chaha paMktiyA~ hI likhI huI haiN| donoM pANDulipiyoM ke citroM kI zailI eka samAna hai aura yahAM taka ki ina citroM ke AkAra bhI eka jaise hI haiN| rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya kI pANDulipi kI prazasti meM tithi kA ullekha (citra 273) hai jo vikrama saMvat 1506 (san 1452) hai| kyoMki tithi kA ullekha prazasti ke madhya hai, isalie isake viSaya meM kisI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha dvArA prakAzita san 1346 kI tithi vAlI pANDulipi vastuta: paMdrahavI zatAbdI ke madhya kI hai jise mahAvIra-bhaNDAra meM san 1448 meM jamA kiyA gayA hai| isake nirmANa ke lie sujhAyA gayA san 1448 hI adhika upayukta baiThatA hai| uparyukta donoM pANDulipiyA~ samaya kI dRSTi se bhI spaSTataH eka-dUsare ke atyaMta nikaTa haiN| saMyogavaza rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya kI pANDulipi kA pRSTha tAr3apatrIya pANDulipi kI apekSA kama mApa kA hai tathA usapara chaha paMktiyA~ hI likhI huI haiM, phira bhI ye vizeSatAe~ kisI prakAra isa pakSa meM nirNAyaka tathya prastuta nahIM karatIM ki pANDulipiyA~ yatheSTa pUrva kAla kI, arthAta caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya yA usake uttarArdha kAla kI haiN| kAlakAcArya-kathA kI eka anya ullekhanIya pANDulipi baMbaI ke priMsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama meM hai jisapara san 1366 kA ullekha hai| yaha pANDulipi yoginIpurA, dillI meM nirmita huI hai| isameM mAtra tIna citra haiM jinameM eka devatA ko baiThe hue sammukha-mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| citroM kI 1 motIcaMdra evaM umakAMta premAnaMda zAha. 'nyU DokyUmeNTsa oNfa jaina peMTiMgsa', zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubalI baoNlyUma. 1968. baMbaI, pR 375. raMgIna citra 1. tathA rekhAcitra 1-3. motIcaMdra isase sahamata nahIM haiM, ve ise 15vIM zatAbdo kI mAnate haiM jo ucita bhI hai. 2 gorakSakara (esa vI). 'e DeTeDa mainyuskripTa praoNpha di kAlakAcArya-kathA ina di priMsa oNfa velsa myUjiyama', buleTina maoNpha da prisa maoNpha velsa myUjiyama 9.4 56-57. rekhAcitra 69-71. 414

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pradhyAya 31] laghucitra zailI vizeSa rUpa se usa zailI se milatI-julatI hai jo gujarAta meM pracalita thii| isase yaha bhI saMketa malatA hai ki gujarAta meM jo zailiyA~ pracalita thIM vahI zailiyA~ caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya uttarI aura pazcimI kSetra meM bhI pracalana meM thiiN| saMpradAyagata mudrAe~ tathA citroM kI sImita saMkhyA yaha batalAtI hai ki ina pANDulipiyoM kI vizeSatAe~ isa samaya bhI unase bahuta nikaTa rUpa se zRMkhalAbaddha thIM jo tAr3apatrIya paNDalipiyoM kI zailiyoM meM dekhI gayI haiN| kAgaja para lipibaddha eka anya pANDa / muni jinavijayajI ke pAsa hai, jisake lekha meM yaha ullekha hai ki yaha pANDulipi vikrama saMvat 1424 (san 1367) meM likhI gayI tathA kisI deheda nAmaka vyakti dvArA vikrama saMvat 1427 (san 1370) meM saMghatilaka-sUri ko bheMTa kI gayI (citra 275 k)| isake pRSTha kI caur3AI 7.5 seNTImITara hai tathA pratyeka pRSTha para sAta paMktiyA~ likhI gayI haiN| citroM kI kula saMkhyA ATha hai aura ye citra 7.545 seNTImITara mApa ke haiN| muni jina vijayajI kA mata hai ki yaha kAgaja para sacitra jaina pANDulipiyoM meM jJAtavya sabase prAraMbhika pANDulipi hai / maiMne isa pANDulipi ko bahuta varSa pahale dekhA thA lekina yaha pANDulipi aba upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai jisase isakA adhika adhyayana kiyA jA ske| ataH isake viSaya meM yahA~ dI gayI jAnakArI se adhika kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha saMbhava hai ki isa pANDulipi kI dI gayI tithi sahI ho| isa pANDalipi ke citroM kA kalAtmaka stara adhika unnata nahIM hai jisakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki isake citrakAra kI kSamatAe~ sAmAnya stara kI rahI hoN| tADapatrIya pANDulipiyoM ke citroM meM guNoM ke stara para paryApta aMtara rahA hai| isa pANDulipi meM ATha citra haiM jabaki uttaravartI kAgaja para lipibaddha pANDulipiyoM meM citroM kI saMkhyA meM paryApta vRddhi huI hai| yaha eka aisA tathya hai jisakA ullekha kiye binA nahIM rahA jA sakatA / ahamadAbAda ke ela0 DI0 iMsTITyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI ke saMgraha meM zAMtinAtha-carita kI pANDulipi hai jisapara vikrama saMvat 1453 (san 1366) tithi likhI huI hai| lekina isa pANDulipi kI jo prazasti hai vaha uttaravartI kAla kI jor3I huI pratIta hotI hai| zailI ke AdhAra para bhI isa pANDulipi ke lie paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se pUrva kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| kAgaja para lipibaddha prAraMbhika jaina pANDulipiyoM meM sarvottama aura sabase prathama pANDalipi kalpasUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA kI hai jo priMsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama meM hai aura jisake lie hama caudahavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima paccIsa varSoM kA samaya sujhA sakate haiN| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki kAlakAcAryakathA ke citroM meM kAlaka ko sahArA dene vAle sAhiyoM ke cehare maMgola jAti ke logoM jaise haiN| ina 1 motIcaMdra evaM zAha, pUrvokta, pR 378 tathA paravartI, rekhAcitra 6. 2 motIcaMdra. 'ena ilasTreTeDa mainyuskripTa maoNpha di kalpasUtra eNDa kAlakAcArya-kathA', buleTina praoNpha da priMsa praoNpha velsa myUjiyama, 4, 1953-54, pR 40 tathA paravartI, citra 7-14. 415

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 1 ceharoM kI preraNA caudahavIM zatAbdI ke phArasI citroM se grahaNa kI gayI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sAhI loga videzI the ataH ina videzI logoM ke citrAMkana ke lie phArasI citroM meM pAye jAne vAle maMgola jAti ke logoM kI mukhAkRti ko atyaMta upayukta mAnA gyaa| isI kAla kI eka anya kalpa-sUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA kI pANDulipi kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai jo jaisalamera-bhaNDAra meM hai aura jisake lie navAba sArAbhAI ne paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha kA samaya sujhAyA hai / isake citra choTe AkAra, lagabhaga 848 seNTImITara ke haiN| citroM kI lAla raMga kI pRSThabhUmi para sone aura cAMdI ke raMgoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| citroM kA kalAtmaka stara acchA hai| citroM kA AkAra uttaravartI kAgaja para racita citroM kI apekSA, jo AkAra meM bar3e hone lage the, tAr3apatrIya citroM ke AkAra ke bahuta nikaTa haiN| citroM kI saMkhyA teMtIsa hai| yaha saMkhyA pANDulipiyoM meM citroM kI bar3hatI haI saMkhyA kI pravRtti kA sUcaka hai| yaha pANDulipi priMsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama kI pANDulipi se racanA-tithi meM kucha pUrva kI pratIta hotI hai aura isake lie bhI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima paccIsa varSa kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai (citra 275 kha) / kAgaja para sacitra jaina pANDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA itanI vipUla hai ki isa lekha meM unameM se mAtra kucha unhIM pANDulipiyoM kI carcA kI jA sakatI hai jo jaina citrAvalI meM pANDulipi-citra-zailI ke vikAsa se pratyakSataH saMbaddha rahI haiM / inameM se sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha kAla kI racI huI kalpa-sUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA kI pANDulipi hai jisakI racanA-tithi san 1415 hai| isakA kalpa-sUtra bhAga kalakattA ke zrI bir3alA ke saMgraha meM hai, aura kAlaka-bhAga baMbaI ke zrI premacaMda jaina ke nijI saMkalana meM (raMgIna citra25 ka, kha, ga aura gha) 12 kalA ucca zreNI kI hai aura aneka citra to nissaMdeha hI atyaMta AkarSaka haiM / yaha pANDulipi kisa kSetra meM citrita huI hai yaha jJAta nahIM hai, paraMtu saMbhavataH yaha pATana meM citrita huI hogii| rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM san 1417 kI racI kalpasUtra kI eka anya pANDulipi upalabdha hai / yaha samaya aura kalAtmakatA kI dRSTi se isake atyaMta samIpa hai (raMgIna citra 27 aura citra 274) / ina pANDulipiyoM ke prAraMbhakAlIna hote hue bhI inake citroM meM kaI paraMparAgata vizeSatAe~ spaSTataH vikasita ho gayI haiM, jaise nukIlI nAka, choTI nukIlI doharI Thor3hI, mudrAe~ tathA kASTha putalikA jaisI rUpa-pratIti aadi| laMdana sthita iNDiyA praoNphisa kI kalpasUtra pANDulipi, jo san 1427 kI racI huI hai| atyaMta alaMkRta hai aura isapara mUlapATha sone aura cAMdI kI syAhiyoM se likhA huA hai| atyaMta saMpanna rUpa se alaMkRta pANDulipiyoM meM se yadyapi adhikAMzataH pANDulipiyoM ke pRSTha raMgIna haiM jinapara sone aura cAMdI kI syAhiyoM se likhA gayA hai aura isa prakAra kI pANDulipiyA~ uttaravartI kAla kI haiM tathApi iNDiyA praoNphisa kI yaha pANDalipi 1 navAba (sArAbhAI), pUrvokta, rekhAcitra 20 se 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 78, 83 aura 86 (raMgIna). 2 khaNDAlAvAlA (kAla) evaM motIcaMdra. nyU DokyUmeNTsa maoNfa iNDiyana peMTiMga-e rieprAijala. 1969.baMbaI. pRSTha 15 evaM rekhAcitra 5-8. 3 kumArasvAmI (AnaMda). noTsa oNna jaina pArTa. jarnala oNpha iNDiyana ArTa eNDa iNDasTrI, 16 naM, 122-128. 1913. citra 1, rekhAcitra 5. 416

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pradhyAya 31 ] laghucitra sAkSya prastuta karatI hai ki 'samRddhi zailI" kA prAraMbha caudahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM gayA thA / yadyapi inake viSaya meM kucha vizeSa rUpa se kahanA upayukta nahIM hai tathApi sAmAnyataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kAgaja para citrita ye pANDulipiyA~ acche stara kI haiM / ina pANDulipiyoM ke nirmANa-keMdra mukhya rUpa se gujarAta ke aneka nagara rahe haiM, jaise pATana, ahamadAbAda, bhar3auca Adi / sAtha hI rAjasthAna ke kaI nagara bhI inake keMdra rahe haiM paraMtu ina citroM kI zailI inhIM kSetroM taka hI sImita nahIM rahI / mANDU meM san 1435-1440 ke madhya do uttama sacitra pANDulipiyoM kI racanA huI, jinake citroM meM sthAnIya prabhAvoM ko acchA sthAna milA hai / pANDulipiyA~ yadyapi gujarAta kI citrita zreSTha pANDulipiyoM se adhika suMdara nahIM haiM to bhI ye unake samAna stara kI to nizcita rUpa se haiM hI / mANDU meM citrita kalpa- sUtra kI pANDulipi, jisakI tithi san 1436 hai, isa samaya rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai2 aura kAlakAcArya - kathA kI pANDulipi svargIya muni puNyavijayajI ke saMgraha meM thI jisake lie bhI lagabhaga yahI samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / jahA~ kahIM bhI saMpanna jaina samudAya rahA hai vahIM para sacitra jaina pANDulipiyoM kI mA~ga bar3hatI huI pAyI gayI hai / mANDU kI pANDulipiyA~ yadyapi paraMparAbaddha haiM aura saMpradAyagata zrAvazyakatAoM kI pUraka haiM tathApi inameM navIna pravRttiyA~ spaSTataH parilakSita haiM / inake citrakAroM ne yadyapi zAMtiprada raMga yojanA kA upayoga kiyA hai tathApi unheM camakadAra raMgoM ke upayoga karane kI nipuNatA prApta rahI hai / san 1436 ke kalpa- sUtra meM nArI- citroM ke vastrAbhUSaNa gujarAta ke pANDulipi citroM kI bhA~ti eka jaise hI haiM lekina ina citroM ne samakAlIna vastrAbhUSaNoM ke upayoga kiye jAne kI saMbhAvanAoM ko bhI avasara pradAna kiyA hai, udAharaNataH mANDU kI pANDulipiyoM meM mahilAoM ko vahA~ ke samasAmayika vastrAbhUSaNa pahane darzAyA gayA hai / kAlakAcArya - kathA pANDulipi ke citra kalpa - sUtra ke citroM se kahIM adhika prabhAvazAlI haiM aura ye citra zvetAMbara jaina citrakalA ke sarvottama udAharaNoM meM se haiM / eka anya kSetrIya vizeSatA kA vikAsa san 1465 kI citrita kalpa - sUtra pANDulipi meM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha pANDulipi husaina zAha zarkI 4 ke zAsanakAla ke aMtargata jaunapura meM citrita huI / yaha nizcita hai ki jaunapura meM jaina saMpradAya ke dhanADhya loga rahate the, tathA yaha pANDulipi vahA~ ke sthAnIya citrakAroM dvArA citrita hai / isa pANDulipi ke citroM meM aMkita kucha nArI - zrAkRtiyoM ko samakAlIna veSabhUSA meM darzAyA gayA hai| ina nArI- zrAkRtiyoM ko usa prakAra se pror3hanI pror3he hue 1 khaNDAlAvAlA (kArla ). 'lIvsa phraoNma rAjasthAna, mArga, 4, saM. 3. 10. 2 khaNDAlAvAlA (kArla ) evaM motIcaMdra. 'e kaMsIDarezana oNpha ena ilesTreTeDa mainyuskripTa phaoNma maNDapadurga ( mANDU ), DeTeDa 1439 e DI', lalita kalA 6. pU 8 tathA paravartI; raMgIna citra aura citra 5-7 . khaNDAlAvAlA evaM motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1969, pR 21. 3 4 khaNDAlAvAlA (kAla) evaM motIcaMdra. 'ena ilasTreTeDa kalpasUtra peNTeDa eTa jaunapura ina e. DI. 1465' lalita kala 12. pR 9-15; raMgIna citra evaM citra 1-5. 417

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 citrita kiyA gayA hai jisa prakAra yahA~ para vaha aor3hI jAtI hai| yahA~ para or3hanI vakSasthala ke Upara eka cauDe ba~dhAva ke rUpa meM pahanI jAtI hai| yaha vizeSatA mANDa ke kalpa-satra meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai tathA jaunapura kI pANDulipi ke aneka pRSThoM meM bhI hai| saMgItakAroM ko dhotI aura pagar3I pahane hue darzAyA gayA hai| isa saMpradAyagata kalA kI pracalita paraMparAoM meM parivartana kI havA dhIre-dhIre bahane lagI jo pracAlita rUpa ko kSINa karatI gyii| svayaM gujarAta ke aMdara bhaDauMca ke nikaTa sthita gAMdhara baMdara meM eka atyaMta alaMkRta pANDulipi racI gayI, jise ahamadAbAda ke devasA-no pADo bhaNDAra kI kalpa-sUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA pANDulipi ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / isa pANDulipi kA eka pRSTha naI dillI ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai (raMgIna citra 28 ka, kh)| isake aneka citra-phalaka aise haiM jinake pUre pRSTha para AlaMkArika kinArI aMkita hai| prAlaMkArika kinArI ke ye aMkana pratyakSataH phArasI taimUra-citra-zailI ke prabhAva kA pariNAma haiN| kyoMki sulatAnI darabAroM ke anuyAyI gujarAta meM bhI the isalie ina citroM meM pradarzita vastrAbhUSaNa evaM pagar3I Adi meM sulatAnI darabAroM ke zailIparaka vastrAbhUSaNoM kI chApa parilakSita hotI hai| isa pANDulipi kA racanAkAla lagabhaga san 1475 nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki yaha pANDulipi usa samUha kI atyaMta mUlyavAna evaM viziSTa pANDulipi hai jinheM 'samRddhi-kAla' kI nimita jaina pANDulipiyA~ kahA jA sakatA hai aura jinakA kAla san 1427 se 1550 ke madhya rahA hai| phArasI citrakalA tathA saMbhavata: usake kAlInoM, vastroM evaM bartanoM Adi aneka prakAra kI abhikalpanAoM ke prabhAvAdhIna ina citroM kI AlaMkArika saMracanA meM anekAneka patra-puSpAdi tathA vividha pratIkoM ne sthAna pAyA hai| ye citrakAroM dvArA eka naye dRSTikoNa ke apanAye jAne kA saMketa dete haiN| ina citroM meM dRzya-citra evaM samudra ke dRzya-citra bhI citrita kiye gaye haiN| citraNa kI ye pravRttiyA~ san 1451 ke race gaye vasaMta-vilAsa ke paTa2 se prAraMbha parilakSita haiN| yaha paTa isa samaya vAziMgaTana kI phiyara gailarI meM hai| isakI viSaya-vastu saMpradAgata na hokara prAcIna gujarAtI kA eka 'phAgu' hai jisakA saMbaMdha vasaMtAgama Rtu meM prema-vyApAra se hai| yahI sthiti bAlagopAla-stuti zIrSaka pANDulipi kI hai| yaha pANDulipi zrIkRSNa kI bAlalIlAoM se saMbaMdhita hai| isa pANDulipi se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki isa prakAra kI samasta pANDulipi ke citrakAra yadyapi jaina citra-zailI se pare nahIM haTe haiM paraMtu unhoMne saMpradAyagata zrRMkhalA meM bhI svayaM ko Abaddha karanA nahIM svIkArA hai| rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM jo eka pRSTha (raMgIna citra 28 ga) surakSita hai vaha devasA-no pADo bhaNDAra kI pANDulipi kA pratIta hotA hai, isa tathya kA ullekha Upara kara diyA hai| devasA-no pADo bhaNDAra kI pANDulipi jaisI hI eka anya pANDulipi hai jise pATana 1 khaNDAlAvAlA evaM motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1969, pR 29-43. yahA~ para isa pANDulipi kI savistAra carcA kI gayI hai. 2 naoNrmana brAuna (DablyU). vasaMta-vilAsa, 1962. konekTIkaTa. 3 naoNrmana bAuna (DablyU.). 'arlI vaiSNava miniecara peMTiMgsa phraoNma vesTarna iNDiyA', IsTarna pArTa, 2. 1930. 167. 206. 1418

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adhyAya 31 ] laghucitra meM san 1501 meM citrita kiyA gayA thA / hamane isa pANDulipi ke phoTogrAphoM ( chAyA citroM) evaM raMgIna slAiDoM ko dekhA hai aura isakA nirIkSaNa karane para yaha niSkarSa pAyA hai ki devAsA - no pA bhaNDAra kI pANDulipi isase kucha samaya pUrva kI pratIta hotI hai / yaha pANDulipi isa samaya kahA~ para hai - yaha rahasya banA huA hai / lagabhaga san 1475 kI citrita devasA -no pADo bhaNDAra kI pANDulipi se sarvaprathama jo phArasI prabhAvAdhIna kinArI alaMkaraNa kI pravRtti bhar3auMca ke samudra taTavartI kSetra se prAraMbha huI thI use Age calakara paMdrahavI zatAbdI ke aMta meM pATana ne bhI grahaNa kara liyA / kucha lekhaka devasA-no pADo bhaNDAra kI pANDulipi kA samaya solahavIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika kAla mAnate haiM aura san 1501 kI pATana meM citrita pANDulipi ke saMdarbha dvArA apane mata ko samarthita karate haiM / 'samRddhi - kAla' kI anya ullekhanIya pANDulipiyoM meM kalpa-sUtra kI eka anya pANDulipi bhI haiM jo bar3audA ke narasiMhajI - nI pola sthita prAtmAnaMda jaina jJAna maMdira ke haMsavijayajI ke saMgraha meM 12 yaha pANDulipi patra - puSpa aura pazu-pakSiyoM kI abhikalpanAoM dvArA ati samRddha rUpa se alaMkRta hai / mANDU kalpa-sUtra kI eka anya asAdhAraNa rUpa se uttama pANDulipi vijayAnaMda sUrIzvarajInA saMghADA ke upAdhyAya sohanavijayajI ke saMgraha meM hai / yaha pANDulipi san 1466 kI hai / isa pANDulipi ke citra isa kAla ke citrita sAmAnya citroM se alaga prakAra kI zailI meM haiN| bar3audA ke zrAtmAnaMda jJAna maMdira meM kucha samaya uparAMta kalpa-sUtra kI eka prati aura sammilita huI jo meM citrita huI thI aura muni kAMtivijayajI ke saMgraha se yahA~ AyI thI / yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yadyapi yaha pANDulipi mANDU meM citrita huI hai aura paryApta zrAkarSaka bhI hai, tathApi yaha usa zailI kI nahIM hai jisameM san 1436 kI mANDU meM racI huI kalpa-sUtra tathA isI zailI kI isI san kI racI puNyavijayajI ke saMgraha kI kAlakAcArya - kathA + kI pANDulipiyA~ haiM / muni puNyavijayajI ke saMgraha kI mANDU se prApta pANDulipi kI zailI gujarAta meM pracalita sAmAnya jaina zailI se pratyAvartita hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya mANDU meM citrakAroM ke vibhinna samUha kriyAzIla the jinameM se kucha sAmAnya gujarAtI zailI meM kArya kara rahe the tathA kucha citrakAroM ne kucha adhika pragatizIla hone kAraNa kinhIM aisI vizeSatAoM ko vikasita kiyA jinheM mANDU kI nijI zailI kahA jA sakatA hai / ina vizeSatAoM ko san 1436 ke race kalpa- sUtra meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / 1 motIcaMdra evaM zAha, pUrvokta, 1968, pR 364, rekhAcitra 12-13. 2 motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1949, rekhAcitra 139 147. 3 vahI, rekhAcitra 148-154. 4 pramodacaMdra 'e yUnIka kAlakAcArya kathA mainyuskripTa ina da sTAila oNfa da mANDU kalpa-sUna oNfa e. DI. 1439 - buleTana oNpha di amerikana ekAdamI zraoNpha banArasa 1. pU 1-10, rekhAcitra 1-20. 419

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 1 yahA~ kucha mahattva kA eka ullekhanIya tathya yaha hai ki pracalita zailI para usa samaya vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhie jaba kisI sacitra jaina pANDulipi-citroM kI zailI kI anurUpatA sthApita kara pAnA saMbhava na ho| yaha tathya naI dillI ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita eka citra se pramANita hai| vaha citra hai kalpa-sUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA (praviSTi saM0 51.21) kaa| isapara vikrama saMvat 1321 (san 1264) kI tithi kA ullekha hai| lekina yaha spaSTata: saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki koI bhii| paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima paccIsa varSoM ke kAla kA racita nahIM hai varan yahA~ taka ki aisI koI bhI kAgaja para citrita pANDulipi astitva meM nahIM hai jo terahavIM zatAbdI kI racI huI ho| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha pANDulipi, jisameM prazasti bhI hai, san 1264 kI tAr3apatrIya pANDulipi kI pratilipi hai aura yaha pratilipi paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM kI gayI. tathA ise samasAmayika zailI ke citroM se alaMkRta kara diyA gyaa| kAla khaNDAlAvAlA digaMbara pANDulipiyA~ digaMbara jainoM meM sacitra pANDulipiyoM kI paraMparA bArahavIM zatAbdI se AraMbha hotI huI dekhI jA sakatI hai| isa paraMparA ne agalI zatAbdiyoM meM dakSiNa, pazcima aura uttara bhArata ke bhAgoM meM vyApaka rUpa se pracalana pA liyaa| lekina isa saMpradAya kI pANDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA zvetAMbara jaina pANDulipiyoM kI vipula saMkhyA kI apekSA atyaMta sImita rhii| tAr3apatrIya pANDulipi-kAla SaTa-khaNDAgama, mahA-baMdha aura kaSAya-pAhuDa-ye tIna pANDulipiyA~ digaMbara jainoM kI prAcInatama sacitra pANDalipiyA~ pratIta hotI haiM (30 veM adhyAya meM raMgIna citra 12-21) / ye pANDulipiyA~ karnATaka sthita mUDabidrI ke jaina siddhAMta-basadi ke saMgraha meM surakSita haiM / ye karma-siddhAMta se saMbaMdhita evaM mUla prAkRta bhASA ke graMtha haiM jo kannar3I lipi meM likhita haiN| ina pANDulipiyoM meM citroM kI saMkhyA atyaMta sImita hai| SaT-khaNDAgama meM do, mahA-baMdha meM sAta tathA kaSAya-pAhur3a meM mAtra caudaha citra haiN| ina sabhI pANDalipiyoM ke citroM meM jyAmitIya aMkana athavA patra-puSpoM kI paTrikAe~ yUkta AlaMkArika padaka tathA devI-devatAoM, sAdhuoM, pANDulipiyoM ke dAnadAtAoM athavA upAsakoM ke citra aMkita haiN| 1 ye pANDulipiyA~ dhavalA, jaya-dhavalA aura mahA-dhavalA ke nAma se bhI jAnI jAtI haiM / dozI (saraya), 'Tvelvtha seMcurI ilasTreTeDa mainyuskripTsa phaoNma mUDabidrI', buleTina oNpha di priMsa oNpha velsa, myUjiyama, bAmbe, 83; 1962-64, 4 29-36. /zivarAma mUrti (sI). sAutha iNDiyana peNTiga. 1968. naI dillI. pa 90-96. [dvitIya bhAga meM adhyAya 30 bhI dekheM-saMpAdaka.] 420

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adhyAya 31] MBALI 12120P lavita ahm|| For Privale & Personal Use Only dRSTAtAha mayAthA vaahvaa| nadIyAta vArthamA citra 273 NA upon eka pANDulipi kI prazasti, vikrama saMvat 1509 (1452 I0), isI meM raMgIna citra 26 bhI hai (rA saM) laghu-citra

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citrAMkana eva kASTha-zilpa - yama aura parivIkramamalaMdhIzazinokarAkokSAnanizcimAvimakinArayAvAkhAvayA dhamAlavirasAvakAza yAdayAdAtazAmirityaphalamavanitimayaMkalpanA mAtApinAgavAraNa nAgAnAyagAyanAkarizavAjAnakAyamasamavANaNAzmAjammAjammakhammAnamAnassAmiAsamA AjatAgAdhyamAdAikasma nimARMONTsAvitrA liNasAmANasmAyalAvasta zya erAnatimatavA ma timAMtikamtavaMtayAra For Privale & Personal Use Only citra 274 suvAmAnAsamorayAyazAcAbAcAbAgavadAsatAnamAlANAyAmabANAkAyAmpamA pujivA ahamezAgrahamAsuTArakavaramAlAmAkSalikSisaMvaramaprabhavAnIvAdizaya gaayntrti||3= yAlAsudharmAdikagaNamatavaM vedhAtiramArahAnathIsaMzazAravAlavizvarada lazAsvAcidAnAdhinIAAsakalapuravAlAsaMtatasiMdyAmAnAsAyAyAnatA yAzivagatiphaladAphalAkalAcAlA zrImadevalagADAjinadArAmUrayA suma tisiMkSavAdadazyAgurupadezanAlayA H davAragrAsayasihanimUrayariguNasamuzcamari moriUMDasAvIzrImAlavAdAsavAna balavahUdA tiAkSavATAmasahAgItAyojanA| balAdavanAnAthunApavidyAkilAtasyasatizajamAdANAdaIyomA nAmnAmadAUnikamunyAtaca ramAtAdalAdivAsidAgnipacanAsaptativardhesAkArayata kalAnikAdhAmaguNasamudAyabhUriyAdatanAra 300 eka pANDulipi kI prazasti, vikrama saMvat 1474 (1417 I0), isI meM raMgIna citra 27 bhI hai (rA saM) [ bhAga 7

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adhyAya 31 ] nAlIkalagArA: midihAjAvA my 'tava muka daauulgaayaa| suhAga (ka) eka pANDulipi meM tIrthaMkara ke janma kA citrAMkana 1367 I0, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI ( pahale muni jinavijayajI ke saMgraha meM thI ) mayAmavadAgArA sammitIyA mede ||arakalAlA deNa! mAmAjAbadAra gA bAlasAce vimAyaparisa vittavismasA vadatikA lagAta (kha) eka pANDulipi meM tIrthaMkara ke paMca muSTi-loca kA citrAMkana, lagabhaga caudahavIM zatAbdI kA aMtima bhAga, gujarAtI yA pazcima bhAratIya zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra ) citra 275 laghu-citra

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 12306 200 (ka) yazodharacarita kA pANDulipi meM rAjA yazodhara ke apanI patnI dvArA svAgata kA citrAMkana, 1494 I0, gujarAta, kadAcit sojitrA (nijI saMgraha) (kha) yazodharacarita kI pANDulipi meM panne ke kinAroM kA citrAMkana (pUrvokta) citra 276

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adhyAya 31 ] laghu-citra MASSURESULELI Autk STAGRAM yasmall RELUE READIVAVAAV aurautensultURLAL3 ACANCHODATE RuinduILLER TER yazodharacarita kI pANDulipi meM panne ke kinAroM kA citrAMkana (citra 276 ka draSTavya) (nijI saMgraha) citra 277

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 trayodhinAyajAeviyuddhapaDihA (ka) marudevI ke solaha svapna (prAMzika citra), Adi-purANa kI pANDulipi meM, 1404 I0, yoginIpura (dillI), uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) diyaUtahAsazajahisAsarahasusAH kilamaDAghayaSiyabhahinavAmI (kha) bhavisayatta ke lauTane kI pratIkSA meM kamala-zrI, bhavisayatta-kahA kI pANDulipi meM, lagabhaga 1430 I0, (isake isase pahale ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie) kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) citra 278 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 31] laghu-citra hAyaparalaNNApUjAgAetarAjArADAgApAlApAmA pAvasAyakonAvalahidharitAcedovacANapahehiMnnAmAdidevieNAvaemanaDulAnAamali siyajANaMtimirahoraviyaratAsiyahosaraNaNivAsapayAsiyajA jenehiyA sammapasAdinA COM (ka) saMgItakAra aura nartaka, mahApurANa kI pANDulipi se, lagabhaga 1420 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (digaMbara jaina nayA madira, dillI kA saMgraha) rAjApAlayalAvayAsayabadalAralavaNAvavAsakarAmyaNAjapuSaNavApyAta hamugAsamalanahAlovajJavavAhaMcAvajiyaraNa ahiyevevidivohayarikhamAbIpada SUyA piMgA- ravinA NOTICE SHA mainya cakravarti (kha) bharata kI senA kA prayANa, mahApurANa kI pANDulipi (pUrvokta) citra 279

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [bhAga 7 prAdapza ttiAdhaNyA sINivA gadira tadijAvi ekAdasahi NivivAra (ka) rAjasabhA kA saMcAlana karatA iMdra, pAsaNAcariu kI pANDulipi meM, 1442 I0, gvAliyara, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) pihotavavaraNAmamadhiritavAsupahAyakamamamahAvAhabanarAvA AyarakAlApaNAdajhAkAvArapApA patrasajijijhavijhaviNahamakamarAThAlavivihitalama garAThAvaravaMchAgisihayAzezasAiMzyapahA uyamayAgalakaMdatighaviuttAluhAsAkaritavotulikapparaphArUvijayAsahiyamaraTalatirAyA ThayaNaM vaha hAlayavAyAgiha'carikhakaraNikAchipAyaDiyadosivAlamAchAtrahichathaharaNAsAkAmAlA mANasivadavayadharaNagAjAmAuNamayAmbhivaviyappAdhyabitatapazidariyadayAsaMbaliupahA (kha) rAjA yazodhara kA eka nartakI aura saMgItakAroM dvArA manoraMjana, jasaharacariu kI pANDulipi meM, lagabhaga 1440-50 I0, kadAcit gvAliyara, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) citra 280

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adhyAya 31] laghu-citra buvA ApApaDiDiyAmAgAsugauvaratA D ramepriTAraTaniyahida (ka) zAMtinAtha kI senA, sAMtiNAhacariu kI pANDulipi meM, lagabhaga 1450-60 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) jammaNasamudivaUlarakaDarakUjalada pUchaviyara jalaharaya sagalorAta tapakasaMgva saharaMgali dipAgala (kha) yazodhara kA bakarI ke rUpa meM janma, jasaharacariu kI pANDulipi meM, 1454 I0, kadAcita dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) citra 281

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 sAtAsagADhaNramodIlAla nAna gamAkSatIvitahAramahInodyAta yanamatAvAnaH midhAbAkAraghaTanAvidhaTayAMSyamAnibAsikamAkabanya mutpAdyatanitAcamurAsAramatAtA tamagAraMcasaMgrApapradhAnapadezanadyAya yAniyatAyupAnarAnAmAranaraMvAMyanikSiNAvarANAnmadApAtrAnAmAdhi HanumpunanalirAdyAnanazvaranarAdhipAmAtavAnApamuktilamAni ekAtAmokSamophanAdhatahamativanaThiAtApA iMgaNArakhA sAmrapattItakavAnakAH / vidizAnakvakacAphalAmannidAnatimircazamanavya pAyAnAdakaparahayopavatamAhAcyA pramAnuktimatItallAnApatyakAptA padamAyAminizcinadhAnnAyikatipatItamAhAtmA dhammATAMDittAdAdAtaHcayANviAktimabyAphalavipula miTatAvAdAraTharAMsArakhayejuvAditatadAmanAmanAjayAmAsaparamAtiyamAna damabADatAnavamitAbhyannamatAMtarApratInirititahAvavAdAvinAsImaMda maMdopAna dunamagrannAguNagAlabinadhitAsakaguptAnAsanaktaHzutAnti:gannadhaEE Alsar (ka) sahasrabala kA saMnyAsa, AdipurANa kI pANDulipi (varga-1) meM, lagabhaga 1450 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) usta LOSE LEARN mibpaanaamypkaanaaNblaavh:suraakhimymaathaaynaamaanikusumaavscmucusrnruvaamaataahtaapmaanaavptivilaankaa|| mRduHsugaMdhinidviArAmarunmadaMtadAnAbApacacAlamahI tAmannatyatIbavalahiribahelojaladhinamagamadhamadaMparamatatAburAma zrInA:siMhAmantabikapatAtApayuktAbadhiruDUti linaSyaviDitinasaHNtatAjanmatipakAyamaticakravAtakAtIrthakahAninavyAna bAmatamminudayuNiratAsalAnidavAnAmakasmAtyucarkapirAdevAcavAsAtagokSapAtaTAMtIvasenamAmsazavirA sipravalAnyAlisaNI R yo nipragatiMdavAsurAsarayArAnAtAnayaMtIvanimmayAnAgjTAkaMcIrabachAnAnazAkhApaTanakAlyavAnpAtibaddhatAvatAnAca mubhavAtAmuddhinabalAnAmacInAbhivaniHzvanAcAbubudhirajanma bibubhanubanavizanaHmatataHnAkAjayAdavakRtamA niryayurdivaHtAratamya nmaanaamhaacribbiicyphsydhaardhraamvtnkaapsyaalyaa| rAnA (kha) RSabha kA janma-kalyANaka, prAdipurANa kI pANDulipi (varga-2) meM, lagabhaga 1475 I0, (isake isase bAda ke kAla ke lie lekha dekhie), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) citra 282

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adhyAya 31 ] laghu-citra bAlANiTACSTSta yATasalaparatAzadhApanApariniHsarAvadasAlalATaNAsAnA malikatAlAmakriminAhAnusAjhAtaHkaDabAku lima mukAsalativaratyArtisaditAniyArAtAnitItajaka tAkA sobilAtativasAmAnalAsukosalAnAbinighaya dyAnna chaaymaanaanilkvaadshnaakhraakaaniimrkyitaavaaspaalyhthe| dIpagAlemaravAtikAtaDamotArAmatichedAyitepuNyahanim ibazunayArAjAdayApAbAhayAdharaNAtanarAmaku pramadinabharakhA samAMtadAtInAtamayamasadAikAdagratIparamAnaMdAnAlasaMpatpadhArA182 jAnistAvamA nAvamA RSTIA RE (ka) ayodhyAnagarI, AdipurANa kI pANDulipi meM varga-2, (citra-282 kha ke anusAra) (nijI saMgraha) 1-jillanA mAdupiyAryAnizAna rAmrarivaNAdiyamachaviNAvAridimaDagavaradayanarAzavanAvanAzitA hanatApanividAritAmAmayama'azammnAbhitrAyAninigarAnanitriImA (kha) yazodhara kA matsya ke rUpa meM janma, yazodharacarita kI pANDulipi meM, 1590 I0, Amera (nijI saMgraha) citra 283

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa tira kara bnt nika citra 284 AF lamahirAyahaMdhAramAechapAzrAvazkAlANasavAsabusadinAjajiha?kazahayavi bharata ke sainya kA mleccha khaNDa kI ora prayAga, mahApurANa kI pANDulipi meM, lagabhaga 1540 I0, pAlama, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) [ bhAga 7

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adhyAya 31] laghucitra ina citroM kI bAhya rekhAeM kAle raMga meM haiM tathA ye citra lAla raMga kI pRSThabhUmi para zveta, pIle aura nIle raMga se aMkita haiN| yadyapi ina citroM meM lAkSaNika koNIyatA tathA visphArita netroM ke citrAMkana meM pazcima-bhAratIya athavA gujarAtI citra-zailI kA nirvAha hA hai, tathApi inameM eka nijI vaiziSTya paraka, dakSiNa-bhAratIya guNa pAyA jAtA hai| ina tInoM pANDulipiyoM meM se mAtra SaT-khaNDAgama kI pANDulipi hI tithi-yukta hai| yaha tithi san 1112 hai / anya donoM pANDulipiyA~ bhI anumAnataH isI kAla ke lagabhaga, san 1112 se 1120 kI madhyAvadhi meM racI gayI hoNgii| inake racanAkAla kA samarthana ina tInoM pANDulipiyoM kI nikaTatama samarUpatA se hotA hai| yaha samarUpatA inakI viSaya-vastu aura citraNa-zailI meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| ina citroM kI rekhAyukta takanIka, unakI sImita raMga-yojanA tathA citroM kI sImita saMkhyA isa tathya kA udghATana karatI haiM ki ina citroM meM una zailIgata pravRttiyoM kA upayoga huA hai jo isa samaya pracalana meM thiiN| isa kAla ke race gaye pANDulipi-citroM se ina citroM kI samarUpatA ke lie mAnavaAkRtiyoM ke aMkana ko rekhAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAnava-zrakRti ke aMkana meM prAkAra kI suDaulagaThana ko raMga-pracchAlana aura unapara aMkita bAhya rekhAoM dvArA pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| ina citroM meM devI-devatAoM ke mUrtiparaka citrAMkana usI samAna uddezya kI pUrti karate haiM jisakI pAla kalA meM tArA ke citra athavA zvetAMbara jaina pANDulipiyoM meM vidyAdeviyoM ke citra karate haiN| ina digaMbara devIdevatAoM ke citroM kA uddezya camatkArapUrNa hai tathA unake mUlya sauMdaryAtmaka hone kI apekSA rahasyAtmaka haiN| ina citroM kA eka rocaka pakSa yaha hai ki ye citra usI rUpa-rekhA para AdhArita haiM jo anya samakAlIna sacitra pANDulipiyoM ke citroM meM pAyI jAtI hai| isake sAtha hI ina citroM meM una kSetrIya vizeSatAoM ne bhI sthAna pAyA hai jinakA hama pahale ullekha kara cuke haiN| ye citra nArIAkRtiyoM ke citrAMkana tathA haMsoM kI laharadAra puccha ke alaMkArika citraNa meM samasAmayika hoyasala pratimAoM se apanA eka sIdhA saMbaMdha bhI pradarzita karate haiN|' kAgaja-kAla pazcima-bhArata gujarAta meM san 1450 ke pUrva kI citrita digaMbara pANDulipiyoM meM se koI bhI pANDulipi Aja prApya nahIM hai--aisA pratIta hotA hai / san 1466 kI tithi-yukta tattvArtha-sUtra kI pANDulipi 1 baireTa (Dagalasa) evaM gre (besila). peNTiga oNfa iNDiyA. 1963. klIvalaiNDa. pU 55./motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1949, pR 28-32. /naoNmana brAuna (DablyU). da sTorI oNfa kAlaka. 1934. vAziMgaTana. pR 13-20. 2 motIcaMdra. sTaDIja ina alI iNDiyana peMTiMga. 1974. baMbaI. 40. 3 dozI (sarayU), pUrvokta, rekhAcitra 29 ka tathA 29 kha. 4 kapADiyA (ema). sUrata aura sUrata jilA digaMbara jaina maMdira mUti-lekha-saMgraha, 152 ke sAmane kA citra. 421

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 kI jAnakArI hameM mAtra usake eka pUnarmadrita citra se hI prApta hotI hai lekina isa samaya yaha pANDulipi bhI vilupta ho cukI hai / yaha pANDulipi sone kI syAhI se likhI gayI thI aura isake citra meM bhaTTAraka vidyAnaMdI ko unake anuyAyiyoM sahita citrita kiyA gayA thaa| bhaTTAraka ko nAyaka ke zArIrika anupAta meM, eka ghumAvadAra pITha-yukta caukI para AsIna mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| inake sammukha tIna katAroM meM baiThe hue upAsaka, upAsikAe~ tathA sAdhviyA~ citrita haiN| bhaTTAraka ke zIrSa ke Upara chatarI kI taraha kI saMracanA hai jo paraspara-saMyukta aSTadala ke puSpoM kI rUpa-rekhA vAlI hai| upAsakoM ke Upara jhirIdAra vedikAe~ haiM jinake phalaka jAlIdAra haiN| citra-saMyojana ke siddhAMtoM, mAnava-AkRtiyoM ke aMkanoM, unakI mudrAoM, veza-bhUSAoM tathA sthApatya evaM AMtarika sAja-sajjA ke upAdAnoM, upaskara Adi kI dRSTi se yaha citra apane samasAmayika pazcima-bhArata meM race gaye anya citroM se bhinna nahIM hai| isI kSetra meM citrita digaMbara pANDulipiyoM meM ekamAtra anya pANDulipi aura hai jise ' pazcima-bhArata kI pracalita 'samRddha zailI' meM citrita mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha pANDulipi lAla, baiMganI, kAle athavA zveta raMga se raMge kAgajoM para sunaharI syAhI se likhI gayI hai (raMgIna citra 30 k)| yaha bhaTTAraka somakIrti dvArA saMskRta meM likhe gaye yazodhara-carita kI pANDulipi hai jise jasahara-cariu ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isake unatIsa citra lagabhaga eka hI AkAra ke haiM jo pRSTha kI dAyIM athavA bAyIM ora aMkita haiN| do citra samUce pRSTha para bhI bane hue haiM (raMgIna citra 30 kha; citra 276 ka) / pratyeka pRSTha ke cAroM kinAroM para tathA madhya meM alaMkRta sajjA-paTTiyA~ haiN| citra yA to samUce citra-phalaka para aMkita haiM yA phira prAMzika paMkti-citroM meN| jina raMgoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai ve lAla raMga ke sAtha nIle aura sunahale jaise bahumUlya raMgoM ke sammizraNa se taiyAra kiye gaye haiN| raMgIya rekhAoM kI takanIka kI paraMparA jo ina citroM meM prayukta kI gayI hai usase mAnava-AkRti ke rUpAMkana kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai / ye prAkRtiyA~ koNIya haiM tathA inheM atizayatApUrNa mudrAoM evaM bhAvAbhivyaktiyoM ke sAtha aMkita kiyA gayA hai / mAnava-prAkRtiyoM meM visphArita A~khoM kA aMkana hai| puruSoM ko dhotI pahane, vakSasthala para uttarIya or3he hue aura pagar3I pahane hue darzAyA gayA hai tathA mahilAoM ko dhotI, laMbI bA~hoM kI colI, sira ko Dhake hue or3hanI DAle hue darzAyA gayA hai| or3hanI ke sthAna para kahIM-kahIM unheM pagar3I pahane hue bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| nArI-vastroM para jyAmitIya AkAra, haMsoM kI paMktiyA~ athavA araba prabhAvAdhIna patra-puSpoM kI rUparekhAMkita abhikalpanAe~ dekhie raMgIna citra 25 ka, kha, ga, gha; motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1949. rekhAcitra 89, 90, 149, 150./ zAha (u. pre.). sTorI praoNfa kAlaka. 1949. ahamadAbAda. rekhAcitra 22, 32, 43, 64, 66./brAuna. miniecara peMTiMga phraoNma da jaina kalpa-sUtra. 1934. vAziMgaTana, rekhAcitra 7, 46, 48. / brAuna. mainyuskripTa ilesTrezansa oNfa di uttarAdhyayana sUtra. 1941. konekTIkaTa. rekhAcitra 32, 51, 149. 422

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adhyAya 31 ] laghucitra aMkita kI gayI haiM / vRkSoM ko patale tanoM se yukta citrita kiyA gayA hai jinakI laharadAra zAkhAoM ke ghumAva citroM ke aMdara kI ora praveza karate hue darzAye gaye haiN| pahAr3oM ko raMga-biraMgI caTTAnoM ke Dhera ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai jinameM se vRkSa nikale hue darzAye gaye haiM ( raMgIna citra 30 ka ) / sthApatya ko jAlIdAra phalaka-yukta saMracanAoM ke rUpAkAroM meM athavA bahutala bhavanoM ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai (citra 276 ka ) / bhavana kI prAMtarika sAja-sajjA ke upAdAnoM meM chatrAkAra vitAna tathA ghumAvadAra pAyoM ke palaMga aMkita kiye gaye haiM / pUrvokta pANDulipi kI bhA~ti isa pANDulipi ke citra apane citra saMyojana, raMga-yojanA tathA mAnava AkRtiyoM evaM dRzya - citroM ke aMkana meM una mAnyatAoM kA nirvAha karate haiM jo paMdrahavI zatAbdI meM pazcima bhAratIya citrakalA meM pracalita thIM ( raMgIna citra 30 ka, kha, kI raMgIna citra 27 se tulanA kIjie) / usa zailI kI kucha vizeSatAe~ haiM--- devI kA mUrtiparaka citraNa ( raMgIna citra 30 kha ), eka manuSya kA prasAdhana- dRzya jisameM usake laMbe bAloM ko sevikA dvArA kAr3hate hue dikhAyA gayA hai ( citra 276 kha ), tathA eka vivAha maNDapa | ekamAtra asAmAnya abhiprAya kA aMkana hai eka bahutala vAlA bhavana jo citrita kiyA gayA hai / isa pANDulipi ke kinAroM kI sajjA meM puSpAdi - latA - vallariyoM, jyAmitika rUpAkAroM aura AlaMkArika abhiprAyoM kA upayoga huA hai jinakI preraNA phArasI kAlInoM tathA alaMkRta phalakoM se grahaNa kI gayI hai (citra 277 ka ) / kucha citra - phalakoM meM laharadAra latA - vallariyoM meM gilahariyoM evaM pakSiyoM kA alaMkRta vRkSoM kA tathA nRtyarata nArI evaM saMgItajJoM kI AkRtiyoM kA AkarSaka aMkana hai (citra 277 kha ) / isI prakAra pahalavAnoM aura pazuoM ke samUha kA bhI aMkana kiyA gayA hai / pRSTha ke kinAroM ke ina alaMkaraNoM kI san 1472 meM citrita uttarAdhyayana sUtra 2 tathA muni haMsavijayajI kI kalpa-sUtra' kI pANDulipi ke kinAroM ke alaMkaraNoM se pratyakSa tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / yadyapi yaha pANDulipi devAsA-no pADo bhaNDAra kI kalpasUtra - pANDulipi se paryApta samAnatAe~ rakhatI hai tathApi yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki isake kinAroM ke alaMkaraNa meM na to kAlpanika aMkana hI hai aura na uttaravartI 1 raMgIna citra 30 kha kI tulanA majUmadAra (ema nAra) 'aliesTa devImahAtmya miniecarsa vida spezala rephareMsa TU zakti vazipa ina gujarAta', jarnala oNfa di iNDiyana sosAiTI oNfa orieNTala ArTa, 6. 1938, citra 28 aura rekhAcitra 3-4 ke sAtha kIjie tathA citra 276 kha kI brAuna, pUrvokta, 1934, citra 12 ke sAtha tulanA kIjie. 2 brAuna, pUrvokta, 1941, rekhAcitra 27, 32, 76, 91, 127, 137, 141, 148, 149, 150, yahA~ para tithi kA ullekha nahIM hai. isake lie tithi kA nirdhAraNa khaNDAlAvAlA dvArA 'lIvsa phraoNma rAjasthAna, mArga, 4, saM. 3 meM kiyA gayA hai. motIcaMdra, vahI, 1949 rekhAcitra 139, 142-46. 423 3

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 pANDulipi jaisI vividhatA hii| aura na inakI mAnava-AkRtiyoM meM devasA-no pADo kI kalpa-sUtra tathA jAmanagara kI kalpa-sUtra pANDulipi kI bhAMti phArasI yA sulatAnI kAla kI vezabhUSA hI aMkita hai| sAmAnyataH sacitra pANDulipiyoM kI alaMkRta kinAriyoM kA abhiprAya citra ke sAtha AlaMkArika sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA rahA hai paraMtu isa pANDulipi ke kucha citroM meM ina kinArI-alaMkaraNoM ne una citroM ke pUraka kA kArya kiyA hai jo yA to isI pRSTha para aMkita haiM (raMgIna citra 30 kha), yA isase aAsanna agale pRSTha pr| inakA niyojana atyaMta nipuNatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai jisase pANDulipi par3hate samaya khole gaye donoM Asanna pRSTha eka hI dikhAI deN| eka sthAna para to samUcI ghaTanA ko mAtra kinArI ke citra-phalaka para hI aMkita kara diyA gayA hai ataH isa kinArI ke bhItara isake sAtha koI dUsarA citra aMkita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| samUcI kathA ko kinArI ke citraphalakoM meM aMkita karane kI yaha vidhi yadyapi yadA-kadA hI pAyI gayI hai tathApi yaha koI nayI vidhi nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra kI vidhi kA aMkana san 1456 kI citrita pATana kI kalpa-sUtra prati meM dekhA jA cukA hai| pATana kI yaha kalpa-sUtra pANDulipi pATana ke zAmalAjI-nI pola sthita bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| isa pANDulipi kI prazasti se hameM yaha to jAnakArI upalabdha hai ki isakI racanA vikrama saMvat 1551 (sana 1464) meM huii| paraMtu isake bAre meM koI ullekha nahIM hai ki yaha pANDulipi kisa sthAna para citrita hii| phira bhI isa pANDulipi ke citroM kI san 1472 kI uttarAdhyayana-sUtra tathA lagabhaga san 1475 kI devasA-no pADo kI suparicita pANDulipi ke citroM se tulanA karane para inameM pAyI jAne vAlI zailIgata samAnatA, inakI raMga-yojanA tathA raMga-yojanA meM pRSThabhUmi meM tIna zveta raMga ke binduoM ke samUha kA aMkana (raMgIna citra 30 ka kI raMgIna citra 28 ga se tulanA kIjie) aura kinArI ke alaMkaraNa isa anumAna ke lie paryApta avasara dete haiM ki yaha pANDulipi pazcimabhArata meM kahIM citrita huI hai| isa pANDulipi kI samUcI avadhAraNA usa 'samRddha zailI' kI vizeSatAoM ke anurUpa hai jo paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya pazcima-bhArata meM pracalita thii| uttara-bhArata uttara-bhArata meM digaMbara jaina saMpradAya kI kAgaja para citrita sabase prAraMbhika jJAtavya pANDalipi prAdi-purANa kI hai jo yoginIpurA (dillI) meM san 1404 meM citrita huii| yadyapi isa 1 citra 276 kha, 277 ka, kha kI tulanA motIcaMdra evaM khaNDAlAvAlA, pUrvokta, 1969, citra 6, 7, rekhAcitra 49-50 evaM 59-99 se kIjie. 2 motIcaMdra evaM zAha, pUrvokta, 1968, rekhAcitra 12, 13. 3 navAba (sArAbhAI). 'jaina jAtakonA citra-prasaMgovAlI kalpa-sUtrAnI suvarNAkSarI prata', prAcArya vijaya vallabha-sUri smAraka-graMtha, 1956, baMbaI. pR 161-167. 4 dozI (sarayU). 'ena ilesTreTeDa prAdipurANa oNfa e. DI. 1404 phraoNma yoginIpurA,' chavi. 1972. vArANasI. pR 383-91. 424

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adhyAya 31] laghucitra pANDulipi ke citra pUre nahIM haiM tathApi yaha pANDulipi paMdrahavIM zatAbdI kI pazcima-bhAratIya athavA gujarAtI citrakalA kI vividhatAoM aura unake vikAsa ko samajhane meM mUlyavAna sAmagrI upalabdha karatI hai| isa pANDulipi meM do sau sattAvana pRSTha haiM jinameM tIna sau satraha sthAna citroM ke lie cihnita kiye gaye haiN| paraMtu durbhAgya se inameM se mAtra eka--pahalA sthAna--hI citrita hai (citra 278 ka); zeSa cihnita sthAna rikta haiN| yaha citra rekhIya takanIka meM aMkita hai jisake lie koNIya aMkana kA upayoga huA hai| mAnava-prAkRtiyoM meM visphArita A~khoM kA aMkana hai| raMga-paTTikA mukhyata: prAraMbhika raMgoM taka hI sImita hai / vistRta patra-puSpoM kI rUparekhA-yukta chatrAkAra vitAna, ghumAvadAra pAye-yukta palaMga, patra-puSpoM kA vistRta alaMkaraNa Adi jaise vividha abhiprAyoM kA aMkana usa zailI kA smaraNa karAtI hai jo pazcima-bhArata meM pracalita thii| isa pANDulipi kI citra-yojanA--citroM kI saMkhyA, citroM ke AkAra tathA ina citroM kA pRSTha para niyojana (sthAna-nirdhAraNa) Adi--eka aisI avadhAraNA prastuta karatI hai jo pazcima-bhArata kI pANDulipiyoM meM pAye gaye aupacArika saMyojana se nitAMta bhinna hai| pazcima-bhArata kI pANDulipiyoM kI apekSA isa pANDulipi meM mAtra citroM kI bahalatA hI nahIM hai apitu citroM ke AkAroM meM eka vyApaka vividhatA bhI hai / ina citroM kA AkAra pUre pRSTha kA bhI hai aura choTe-bar3e vibhinna aAkAroM ke laMbe, kSatijika athavA AyatAkAra evaM vargAkAra phalaka kA bhI hai| pUre pRSTha kA AkAra pazcima-bhArata kI pANDulipiyoM ke pRSTha ke AkAra se bar3A hai / pRSTha para citroM kA niyojana sAmAnyataH pazcima-bhArata kI pANDulipiyoM kI bhA~ti, dAyIM yA bAyIM ora kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI, eka pRSTha para vibhinna AkAra ke do citroM ke banAne kI yojanA bhI rahI hai jo asAmAnya nahIM hai| pRSThoM para jisa prakAra se mUlapATha aura citroM ke niyojana kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai vaha kula milA kara aisA lacIlApana pradarzita karatI hai jo pazcima-bhArata kI samakAlIna pANDulipiyoM ke rItibaddha rUpa se avadhArita prArUpa meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| saMbhavata: isa nayI pravRtti ne phArasI citrakalA-paraMparA ke prabhAva-svarUpa ina citroM meM sthAna pAyA hai| isa prakAra isa pANDulipi ke citroM kI zailI meM jahA~ pazcima-bhArata kI sacitra pANDulipiyoM kI paraMparAoM kA nirvAha hA hai vahIM citroM ke niyojana meM yaha pANDulipi unase pare haTa gayI hai| san 1404 kI isa prAdi-purANa pANDulipi ke citra-niyojana tathA citraNa-zailI ke samAna AdhAra para eka anya dUsarI sacitra pANDulipi mahA-pUrANa kI hai jo dillI ke digaMbara jaina nayA maMdira ke saMgraha meM surakSita hai / 2 isa pANDulipi meM anaginata citra haiM lekina unake AkAroM meM bahata kama vividhatA hai aura ve kucha vizeSa AkAra ke hI haiN| isa pANDulipi ke eka pRSTha para do se adhika citra bhI aMkita haiM, jo pahalI pANDulipi-paraMparA ke nirvAha ko parilakSita karatI hai| 1 motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1949, rekhAcitra 59, 89,90. 2 motIcaMdra. 'ena ilasTreTeDa mainyuskripTa oNfa da mahApurANa ina di kalekzana oNfa zrI digaMbara jaina nayA maMdira, dillI', lalita kalA, 5. pR 68-81. 425

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 niyamAnusAra citra pRSTha ke dAyIM yA bAyIM ora aMkita haiN| isa prakAra isa pANDulipi meM bhI citraniyojana kI vizeSatA pazcima-bhArata kI pANDulipiyoM se bhinna hai| isa pANDulipi kI citraNa-zailI san 1404 ke Adi-purANa kI citraNa-zailI se bahuta samAnatA rakhatI hai| yaha samAnatA vizeSakara nArI-AkRtiyoM ke aMkana meM spaSTataH dekhI jA sakatI hai (citra 276 ka, kha kI citra 278 ka se tulanA kiijie)| ina donoM pANDulipiyoM ke citroM meM ye vizeSatAeM isa prakAra haiM ki nArI-prAkRtiyoM kI kaTi atyaMta kSINa hai tathA vezabhUSA meM pagar3I bhI sammilita hai jisapara eka-jaisI hI dhAriyoM kI abhikalpanAe~ aMkita haiN| raMga-yojanA ke aMtargata ina donoM pANDulipiyoM ke citroM meM prAthamika raMgoM ko pramukhatA dI gayI hai jo paraspara tulanIya haiM, paraMtu mahA-pUrANa ke citroM para halake pIle raMga kI lAkha vAlI vAniza hai isalie ina donoM pANDalipiyoM ke citroM ke raMgAbhAsoM kA stara paraspara eka samAna nahIM hai| yadyapi isa pANDulipi ke citroM meM bhI rekhIya aMkana kI takanIka kA upayoga huA hai tathApi, isake aneka citra bhAvAbhivyakti pUrNa haiM / ye pazcima-bhArata kI pracalita paraMparA se bhinnatA rakhate haiM (raMgIna citra 26 kI raMgIna citra 25 se tulanA kIjie) / isa samaya pazcima-bhArata kI citra-zailI ne rekhAMkana meM pariSkRti tathA raMga-yojanA meM vyApakatA kI upalabdhiyoM ko prApta kara liyA thaa| isa prakAra citra-saMyojana meM adhika jaTilatA evaM aMkana meM sUkSmatA A gayI hai aura raMga-yojanA meM nIlama, sone aura cAMdI ke raMgoM ke jur3a jAne se vyApakatA A gayI hai| isake uparAMta bhI saralatA kI ora bar3hane kI pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI hai jisameM citra kA niyojana bar3e se bar3e phalaka para prasAra pAne lagA hai aura vaha kama se kama jaTila hone lagA hai| sthApatyIya saMracanAoM, upaskara ke upAdAnoM evaM vastroM meM pAye jAne vAle alaMkaraNoM kI atizayatA meM kamI Ane lagI hai| raMgayojanA prAthamika raMgoM taka hI sImita hone lagI hai, jaba ki isake viparIta, pazcima-bhArata ke samasAmayika citroM kI raMga-yojanA bahuraMgI rahI hai| ina citroM meM bAdaloM aura vRkSoM ko jina rUpAkAroM meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, ve una rUpAkAroM ke saMkSipta rUpa haiM jinheM hama pazcima-bhArata ke citrazailI-paraMparA meM dekha cuke haiN| phira bhI, pazcima-bhArata meM pracalita zailI kA ghaTiyA rUpAMtaraNa hone ke kAraNa isa pANDulipi ke citra hameM prabhAvita nahIM kara sake haiN| vaise ina citroM meM ojasvitA aura jIvaMtatA kI bhAvanA hai| ina citroM kI prAkRtiyA~ sajIvatA tathA gatizIlatA se anuprANita haiM (citra 276 ka, kh)| isa pANDulipi ke citroM meM aise do sUtra bhI khoje jA sakate haiM jo pazcima-bhArata ke pANDulipi-citroM meM nahIM pAye jAte / inameM se eka sUtra maNDapa ke sthApatya (citra 276 ka) kA hai aura dUsarA ratha kI abhikalpanA kA (citra 276 kh)| maNDapa ke sthApatya kA aMkana apane samasAmayika pazcima-bhArata ke aMkana se bhinna hai| isa maNDapa para jAlIdAra phalakoM ke jaMgale nahIM haiM balki isake guMbada laharadAra haiN| ratha kI abhikalpanA meM usakA AdhAra sapATa hai tathA usake sAmane ke laMba rUpa bhAga 426

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adhyAya 31 ] laghucitra ke Upara eka daityAkAra sira saMlagna hai| pratIta hotA hai ki ye rUpAkAra yahA~ kI sthAnIya paraMparAoM ke anurUpa aMkita kiye gaye haiN| vizeSakara maNDapa kI saMracanA to isI prakAra kI hI rahI hai| ina sAkSyoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki yadyapi pANDulipi-citroM kI zailI meM rekhAoM aura koNIya aMkana para bala diyA gayA hai aura inakA rUpAMkana pazcima-bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI para AdhArita hai, phira bhI isa AdhAra para unhoMne jisa zailI kA vikAsa kiyA hai vaha usa zailI se bhinna hai jo pazcima bhAratIya zailI meM vikasita huI hai| dUsarI ora, inakI aMkana-vidhi tathA citra-niyojana kA zailIgata prayAsa san 1404 kI citrita Adi-purANa kI pANDulipi ke samAnAMtara hai--yaha isa saMbhAvanA kI ora le jAtI hai ki nayA maMdira kA mahA-purANa dillI kSetra meM san 1420 ke lagabhaga likhA evaM citrAMkita kiyA gyaa| motIcaMdra jaise kucha vidvAn isa pANDulipi kI tithi lagabhaga san 1450 mAnane ke pakSa meM haiM ataH isake AdhAra para hama isa saMbhAvanA ko asvIkAra nahIM kara sakate ki yaha zailI jaina citroM meM niraMtara eka laMbe samaya taka binA kisI parivartana ke pracalita rhii| nayA maMdira ke mahA-purANa kI zailI se prAyaH milatI huI eka anya pANDulipi hai--bhavisayattakahA (raMgIna citra 31, citra 278 kha), jo yadyapi apUrNa hai tathApi samRddha rUpa meM citrita hai| yaha pANDalipi pahalI pANDulipi se kahIM adhika rItibaddha hai aura isI rItibaddhatA ke kAraNa yaha usase bhinna hai| isa pANDulipi meM koI bhI citra samUce pRSTha para aMkita nahIM hai tathA isake citra-phalakoM ke AkAra meM vividhatA bhI kama hai| citra-racanA meM sajIvatA hote hue bhI saralatA hai aura unameM citrita viSaya ke tattvoM ko eka hI dharAtala para eka paMkti meM hI niyojita karane kI spaSTa pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI hai| isa pANDulipi kI zailI meM jo kucha thor3I-sI zuSkatA hai vaha yaha saMketa detI hai ki isakI preraNA samasAmayika pANDulipi se grahaNa karane kI apekSA nayA maMdira ke mahA-purANa se grahaNa kI gayI hai| isake AdhAra para isa pANDulipi kA racanA-kSetra dillI evaM racanA-tithi lagabhaga sana 1430 nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai aura isake lie nayA maMdira ke mahA-purANa kA racanAkAla paMdrahavIM zatAbdI kA madhya-kAla na mAnakara lagabhaga san 1420 mAnanA hogaa| citrakalA kI yahI paraMparA gvAliyara meM bhI pracalita thI jisakA pramANa hameM pAsaNAha-cariura kI pANDulipi se milatA hai, jo gopAcala-durga (gvAliyara) meM san 1442 meM racI gyii| isa pANDulipi ke mUlapATha kA praNayana suprasiddha kavi raidhU (lagabhaga san 1380-1480) dvArA huA jinhoMne apane jIvana kA bahuta-sA samaya gvAliyara meM vyatIta kiyA thaa| paMdrahavIM zatAbdI meM gvAliyara jaina kalA kI prakhara gatividhiyoM kA eka pramukha keMdra rahA hai| isa kAla meM pahAr3I caTTAnoM 1 citra 279 ka tathA kha kI tulanA motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1949, kramazaH citra 90, 150 tathA 156 se kIjie. 2 jaina (rAjArAma). raidhU sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana. 1974. vaizAlI.citra 1-9. 3 pUrvokta, pR 120. 427

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 1 ko kATakara vizAla pratimAoM kA nirmANa huA tathA anekAneka jaina mUlapAThoM kI pratilipiyAM huii| pratIta hotA hai ki pAsaNAha-cariu ke mUlapATha kI racanA-samApti ke turaMta bAda hI usakI sacitra pANDulipi taiyAra kI gayI hogii| isa pANDulipi ke citra bhavisayatta-kahA ke samAna haiM jinakI avadhAraNA bhI usI ke anurUpa kI gayI hai| isa pANDulipi ke citra bhI adhikAMzataH AyatAkAra phalakoM meM aMkita haiN| ina phalakoM ke AkAra do-tIna prakAra se nizcita haiM, jo pRSTha ke dAyIM athavA bAyIM mora para niyojita haiM kiMtu koI bhI citra AkAra meM itanA bar3A nahIM hai jo samUce pRSTha ko ghera le| yadyapi pAsaNAha-cariu ke citroM kI zailI bhavisa yatta-kahA ke citroM kI raMga-yojanA evaM rUpAMkana ke anurUpa hai phira bhI isakA citra-saMyojana dakSatApUrNa hai, yadyapi isakI rekhAe~ apanI adhikAMza zakti kho cukI haiN| isakA durbala rekhAMkana aura citraNa vizeSa ullekhanIya nahIM hai lekina citroM kI zailI ne unameM gatyAtmakatA kI bhAvanA ko saMjoye rakhA hai| mAnava-AkRtiyoM evaM unakI mudrAoM ke aMkana tathA ina citroM meM darzAye gaye nayI zailI ke vastrAbhUSaNa Adi kI paraMparA prAge calakara vikasita huI; use uttara-bhArata ke citroM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina citroM meM puruSAkRtiyoM ko dhotI aura uttarIya jaisI paraMparA-pracalita veSa-bhUSA meM darzAyA gayA hai lekina mahilA prAkRtiyoM meM unheM dhotI evaM dupaTTA ke sAtha sAr3I pahane bhI darzAyA gayA hai| sAr3I ke palle ko vakSa ke Upara se hokara jAte hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai (citra 280 ka) sainikoM ko jAmA, paijAmA aura cUr3IdAra paijAmA jaise naye vastra pahane citrita kiyA gayA hai, lekina ye sainika pazcima-bhArata ke citroM meM pAye gaye sAhiyoM kI bhAMti videzI na hokara isI deza ke vAsI haiM (raMgIna citra 32 kI raMgIna citra 25, 26 se tulanA kiijie)| pahale vastroM meM yadi koI abhikalpanA hotI thI to vaha biMduoM se nirmita hotI thI lekina ina citroM meM vastroM kI abhikalpanA meM puSpa latA-vallariyoM aura ghumAvadAra rUpAkAroM kA prayoga huA hai jo pazcima-bhArata ke citroM meM pracalita thaa| yoga-paTTa ko apane ghuTanoM para liye baiThane kI mudrA meM aMkita puruSAkRtiyoM ke abhiprAya bhaviSyatta-kahA meM bhI haiM, lekina isa prakAra ke abhiprAya isa pANDulipi ke citroM meM paryApta saMkhyA meM dekhe jAte haiM jisake kAraNa ise isa zailI kI eka vizeSatA mAnI jA sakatI hai| yadyapi pUrvavartI pANDulipi-citroM meM prAyaH AkAza ko eka paTTI ke rUpa meM darzAyA jAtA thaa| kiMtu ina citroM meM isa paTTI ko ghaTAkara UparI konoM para trikoNAkAra dhabbe yA UparI bhAga meM eka 1 jaina (rAjArAma), pUrvokta, pR 130-131; rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra-bhaNDAroM kI graMtha-sUcI. pA~ca khaNDa, saMpAH kAlasIvAla (kastUracaMda). 1949-62. jayapura. khaNDa 1, pR 192. naM. 137, pR 208 naM. 2453 khaNDa 2, pR 140, naM. 171, pR 227, naM. 1144, pR 233, naM. 1223, pR241, naM. 1320, pR 46 naM. 5013 khaNDa 3 pR 196, naM. 119; khaNDa 4, pR 172, naM. 3008. 428

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adhyAya 31] bhitti-citra paritAjinahita KC thI mazinada saptarayaH mAvara 22 jinarakSita ke sAtha jinadatta-sUri, citrAMkita paTalI kA eka bhAga, 1122-54 I0, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra) 23 (ka) paTalI ke eka bhAga kA citra, 1122-54 I. (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bhI pUrva ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (jaisalamera bhaNDAra)

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa (kha) [ bhAga 7 23 (kha) aura (ga) uparyukta paTalI (23 ka) ke pRSThabhAga para maNDalakoM, pakSiyoM aura pazuoM kA citrAMkana

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adhyAya 31 ] bhitti citra 23 (gha) uparyukta (23 kha aura ga) ke anusAra

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa 24 devasUri-kumudacaMdra-zAstrArtha kI paTalI para citrAMkana kA eka bhAga, lagabhaga 1125 I0, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (nijI saMgraha meM) amadAsapepazyati vajavatAnadI digaMvara vATakAddhapAzcAtyavatAlI [ bhAga 1

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adhyAya 31 ] bhitti-citra (ka) RWISHER ANNA PANDERERATUS TWARRHOTO GenAnakamatAnA GadadamAnava lA aura 25 (ka) kAlaka aura ziSya, (kha) gardabhilla kI senA kA prayANa, (ga) kAlaka sAhi pradhAna, (gha) gardabhilla kI giraphtArI, kAlakAcArya kI kathA ke patra, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (pI0 sI0 jaina, baMbaI ke saMgraha meM)

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9 26 gardabhI vidyA, kalpasUtra - kAlakAcArya - kathA ke eka patra para 1452 I0, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI ) REFINE lI all TH citrAMkana evaM kASTha zilpa gilAsa piuma gAjhaDhaNya ltaa|| 60 kAlatAraNa kA ddi|| sagAva soDAumA lavarAyAnA mAvika praacaa||61 dazaka vIrA vidyama prata minaranALA ariyacariyaAya ra gAyanavA kitriNajhAlA niya sattArAdiyaUrakarAya saM [bhAga 7

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adhyAya 31] leeland zANAdAiyAmA sahasA gaNApata C ma paNamiMDAmaMDapa bAlagosahasA 27 mahAvIra kA vairAgya, kalpasUtra ke eka patra para, 1417 I0, pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI) bhitti-citra

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[ bhAga 7 citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa 28 (ka) bAhubalI kA tapazcaraNa, devasAno bhaNDAra kalpasUtra-kAlakAcArya-kathA ke eka patra (agrabhAga) para, lagabhaga 1475 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI) For Private & Person suTOS Na vArAvavAdANAyakajANa raNAsAvarANAkArakSa masatamaNamAtA chAlAsaliramA udidAtADanA EASY mAUgAtADAtagazamA parivAdAvADazamAADAmA RECORNERATO

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adhyAya 31] bhitti-citra LACIALTHRELELEGIS EIRCILEUSeki HEARLIEUSI R ARATHIARREmperedELETERAPE LECTELLIMATHunimITICSRILL UCELEJERRORIAADIECICLTREETI IRAILA 26 metegaTEOIEEE .ee RARE ECrane 28 (kha) kinAroM ko sajjA, uparyukta pANDulipi (28 ka) ke eka patra (pRSThabhAga) para maya AR 1 70.64 For Private & Personal use only

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa 28 (ga) gardabhilla aura kAlaka, kAlakAcArya-kathA kA pazu-pakSiyoM ke citroM se aMkita eka patra, kadAcit devasAno pADo bhaNDAra kI pANDulipi, lagabhaga 1475 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), pazcima bhAratIya yA gujarAtI zailI (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI) F ol risAhANa camAhichI tidaka siriyAya GOG ekA evaMda pArIdhA mAdhAna foolhe RECAUTATE bhAga 7]

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vaacvshlshyaakrtaadkaavvaalyaa|naakaaniplaadnnyaapaar samitImagaliyA zikAvisaviSayakipisilAmazakAvitaNadijanyAliMgaNAjismallasadiya umaMgavAtAhosa adhyAya 31] 29 iMdra aura iMdrANI dvArA marudevI ko badhAI, mahApurANa ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1420 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI meM, uttara bhAratIya zailI (digaMbara jaina maMdira, purAnI dillI kA saMgraha) bhitti-citra

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa 30 (ka) pazu sAhI ne sarpa ko mArA aura badale meM usapara anya pazu ne AkramaNa kiyA, yazodhara-carita ke eka patra para, 1494 I0, gujarAta, kadAcit sojitra (nijI saMgraha) emavacanavAva temalhe LEDNN!BYL. ANDERLFRIWALO 28K barakatasatA ramAtAmA nadIjAlApa (sAmAyaNa titAvaTIsa viTikAyadA [ bhAga 7

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adhyAya 31] CAGATA HI HERO For Privale & Personal Use Only 30 (kha) rAjA mAridatta dvArA devI ko vali kA upakrama, uparyukta pANDulipi ke eka lekha para (30 ka) bhitti-citra

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pAcavAupAe mhtvhyaasnnvaanpurujaataa|| zilpAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa chAtrATAhinyAkhazAvatikAryAta 32 paricArakoM ke sAtha pArzva, pAsaNAhacariu ke eka patra para, 1442 I0, gvAliyara meM citrAMkita, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) ghAmA hAla bhAga 7] 31 bhavisayatta kI samudra-pAra ko yAtrA, bhavisayatta-kahA ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1430 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 33 caMdramati yazodhara ko bali ke lie ATe se banA huA murgA dikhA rahI hai, jasahara-cariu ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1440-50 I0, kadAcit gvAliyara, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha)

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varataramubiyA zrama muNimuThiyavimAyA maMdiyalividalaMgha laghu liya kAya puSNuka lAcArAvara lA livite / gapi samjhajiNahari kha saMDivisurakayAzikAveta aru me XXXXX RECHE 34 muni sudatta ke darzana karate hI abhayamati aura abhayaruci aceta ho gaye, jasahara cariu ke eka patra para lagabhaga 1454 I0, kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) 35 paricArakoM sahita zAMtinAtha, zAMtinAtha cariu ke patra para lagabhaga 1420-60 I0, ( lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai) kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) adhyAya 31 ] bhitti citra

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa 36 (ka) vidyAdhara atibala, AdipurANa (varga-1) ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1450 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isake bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai). kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) kaphalabAladetA damadAdivasA taskurAnebaNikAdhAvicarati AugpAdmAvabanikovAvaM pramadAyevatIrutAdaMvachadevadharatA hAkaraNAdAyadyAvibAhe vinAkabalAmAlAbaparimlAnihi ekavAkyakotaMsapura pakAbAkitaMyadyAnaMbabhUvarami hAtmAvijayAImahItAsahatabarSasaMkIposApurItilakAyatamayatayAHpanu khagaMDatibalAnAmA bijayIsuligApura viSamanuditAnasAna kA [ bhAga 7

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adhyAya 31 ] bhitti-citra 36 (kha) zreNika dvArA samavasaraNa kI mahimA kA varNana, aAdipurANa (varga-1) ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1450 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda se samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha)

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zima 36 (ga) zrImati aura vajrajaMga ke vivAha kA utsava manAtI saMgIta-maNDalI, AdipurANa (varga-2) ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1475 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) For Private Personal Use Only [ bhAga 7

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adhyAya 31] For Privale & Personal Use Only saMgatatAbaraNa samatAMdhA.suranata mukhAbasuzI birasadanAni bicitramA bitA 36 (gha) nartaka, AdipurANa (varga-2) ke eka patra para, lagabhaga 1475 I0 (lekha meM dekhie jahA~ isase bAda ke samaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai), kadAcit dillI, uttara bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) pazcima bhArata

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Jain Education 37 rAjA yazodhara apane paricArakoM ke sAtha, yazodhara-carita ke eka patra para lagabhaga 1596 I0, kadAcit uttara gujarAta, pazcima bhAratIya zailI (nijI saMgraha) OO 546 3 ww citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa bhAga 3

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adhyAya 31 ] laghucitra ardhacaMdrAkAra challe ke rUpa meM AkAza ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kabhI-kabhI ina donoM prAkAroM ko milAkara eka kara diyA gayA hai| tAr3a-vRkSoM ke aMkana kI prAraMbhika paraMparA niraMtara pracalita rahI lekina ina citroM meM tAr3a-vRkSoM ke lambotare-ghumAvadAra tane ke sthAna para sIdhA tanA, aNDAkAra pattoM ke sthAna para gola yA trikoNAkAra rUpa meM paMktiyoM meM prAbaddha pattiyoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| jala kA aMkana pahale kI bhA~ti paraMparAgata DhaMga se samakeMdrika, eka ke Upara uThate eka hue, gheroM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| sthApatya kI saMracanAoM meM choTe-choTe guMbada aura unake Upara kalaza aMkita haiN| pUrva ke citroM meM rikta sthAnoM kI pUrti ke lie puSpoM kA jo aMkana kiyA jAtA thA vaha ina citroM meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| bar3e-bar3e rikta sthAnoM ko AlaMkArika vRttAkAra padakoM se prApUrita kara diyA gayA hai| isa pANDulipi ke citroM meM kucha vyaktiyoM ko hAthoM meM koI vastu liye hue darzAyA gayA hai, jo kamala kI kalI jaisI dikhAI detI hai| yaha citraNa asAmAnya hai aura aisA anyatra nahIM pAyA jaataa| pAsaNAha-cariu kI citraNa-zailI tathA citra-saMyojana ke samAna eka dUsarI sacitra pANDulipi jasahara-cariu kI hai jisake bhI racanAkAra raidhu haiN| isa samAnatA ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa hai ki donoM hI pANDulipiyA~ raMgoM ke cayana, unapara sarvatra kI gayI halake pIle raMga kI vAniza, tathA viSayasaMyojana Adi ke lie eka hI zailIgata mAnyatAoM se anuzAsita haiM, yadyapi viSaya-saMyojana meM pAsaNAhacariu ke viparIta kabhI-kabhI citra-phalaka kA gherA vastra ke ur3ate hae chora athavA ghere para aMkita mAnava-AkRtiyoM ke kAraNa TUTa gayA hai| (citra 280 kh)| ina donoM pANDulipiyoM kA sAmya mAnava-AkRti ke aMkana taka hI sImita hai (citra 280 kha kI citra 280 ka se tulanA kiijie)| nAriyoM ko prAyaH sAr3I pahane aura puruSoM ko dhotI evaM uttarIya pahane darzAyA gayA hai (raMgIna citra 33) / zikAriyoM ko jAmA aura paijAmA pahane hue darzAyA gayA hai| donoM pANDulipiyoM ke dRzya-citroM ke aMkana meM kisI prakAra kA koI vizeSa aMtara nahIM hai, lekina maNDapa ke sthApatyIya aMkana meM eka aMtara hai| isa pANDulipi meM citrita maNDapa ke sthApatya meM usakI bAhya saMracanA meM tIna yA pAMca gaMbada haiM jo lAla raMga se raMge hue haiN| isa donoM pANDulipiyoM kI aura pAsaNAha-cariu kI paraspara ghaniSTha samAnatA ke AdhAra para isa pANDulipi ke lie lagabhaga san 1440-50 kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura isake racanA-sthala ke lie, isa saMbhAvanA ke uparAMta bhI ki yaha zailI dillI-kSetra meM pracalita rahI ho sakatI hai, gvAliyara-kSetra nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina donoM pANDulipiyoM kI zailI se thor3A bhinna, lekina inhIM kI paraMparA meM citrita, sAMtiNAhacariu kI eka NDulipi bhI hai| isake racanAkAra bhI kavi raidhU haiN| isake citroM meM zailI, citroM kA niyojana tathA puruSoM ke hAthoM para rakhe hue kamala kI kalI ke samAna vastu ke aMkana kI vizeSatA Adi meM pUrvavartI donoM pANDulipiyoM kI mAnyatAoM kA nirvAha huA hai| raMga-yojanA meM halake raMgAbhAsoM ko prAthamikatA dI gayI hai lekina isa pANDulipi ke citroM se yaha nizcita kara pAnA kaThina hai ki ina citroM meM anya donoM pANDulipiyoM kI bhAMti halake pIle raMga kI vAniza kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai 429

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 1 yA nhiiN| lAparavAhI se citrita ina citroM meM mAnava-prAkRtiyoM ko bhadde anupAta meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, jinameM sira bar3e-bar3e haiM aura A~kheM ubharI huI haiM, lekina mudrAeM sajIva haiM (citra 181 k)| ina citroM meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya tattva veza-bhUSA kA hai / nAriyoM ko sAr3I yA dhotI aura dupaTTA pahane hue dikhAyA gayA hai lekina puruSoM ko sAmAnyata: phArasI-zailI se prabhAvita veza-bhUSA meM darzAyA gayA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki puruSa-varga samasAmayika salatanatakAlIna prabhAva ke pakSa meM the aura ve laMbA jAmA athavA taMga paijAme ke sAtha choTA kuratA pahanate the (raMgIna citra 35) / isake sAtha ve paTakA aura uttarIya bhI pahanate the, sira para pagar3I bA~dhate the| yaha veza-bhUSA sikaMdara-nAmA tathA bhArata kalA bhavana meM surakSita laura-caMdA evaM tUbingena ke hamz2A-nAmA kI pANDulipi ke citroM meM darzAyI veza-bhUSA se mUla rUpa se milatI-julatI hai|' isa pANDulipi kI zailI uttara-bhArata kI citra-paraMparA kI vikAsamAna avasthA kA pratinidhitva karatI huI pratIta hotI hai, ataH aisA jJAta hotA hai ki yaha pANDulipi lagabhaga san 1450-60 kI kAlAvadhi meM racI gayI hai paraMtu isa saMbhAvanA ko bhI asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki isa kAlAvadhi se isa pANDulipi kI tithi kucha uttaravartI bhI ho sakatI hai / yaha pANDulipi yadyapi gvAliyara meM lipibaddha evaM citrita huI mAnI jAtI hai tathApi isameM citrita phArasI se prabhAvita sulatAnI veza-bhUSA kI pramukhatA yaha bhI saMketa detI hai ki yaha pANDulipi dillI-kSetra meM citrita haI ho kyoMki gvAliyara aura dillI donoM hI keMdroM meM citroM kI eka hI paraMparA pracalita rahI hai| __ kavi raidhU-kRta jasahara-cariu kI eka anya prati bhI upalabdha hai jisapara san 1454 kI tithi aMkita hai| isake prathama bayAlIsa pRSTha upalabdha nahIM hai paraMtu zeSa pRSThoM para aMkita citroM se spaSTa hai ki yaha pANDulipi zailIgata rUpa meM apane se pUrvavartI evaM pUrva vivecita tInoM pANDulipiyoM kI paraMparA se saMbaddha hai| isake citra zailIgata aura rItibaddha haiN| ina citroM meM pUrvavartI citroM se bhinna eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki inameM bAhya rekhAMkana ke lie lAla raMga kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai (raMgIna citra 34) / raMga-yojanA bhI pUrvavartI citroM ke samAna hai| citroM meM halake raMgoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai tathA inameM kisI prakAra kI vAniza kA prayoga nahIM hai| mAnava-AkRtiyA~ uddhata prakRti kI haiM tathA usI prakAra kI veza-bhUSA meM darzAyI gayI haiM jo pUrvavartI citroM meM pAyI gayI hai| paraMtu sAMtiNAha-cariu ke viparIta ina citroM meM jAmA aura paijAmA ke lie prAthamikatA pradarzita nahIM pAyI jaatii| mAtra eka citra meM eka paruSa ko karatA-pajAmA pahane dikhAyA gayA hai| nAriyoM ko sAr3I pahane dikhAyA gayA hai jisameM sADI kI cannaToM ko Age kI ora nikalA huA tathA kahIM-kahIM unheM sAr3I se pRthaka hI pratikRti meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| vastroM ko prAyaH zveta yA eka hI raMga meM raMgA huA darzAyA gayA hai / yadi kahIM vastroM ko alaMkRta dikhAyA gayA hai to unameM binduoM se banI paTTiyoM athavA caukhAne kI DijAina aMkita kI gayI hai| dazya-citroM meM AkAza ko nATakIya rUpa se laharadAra paTriyoM meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai 1 raMgIna citra 35 evaM citra 281 ka kI tulanA khaNDAlAvAlA evaM motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1968, citra 99, 101-15 tathA 117-23 se kIjie. 430

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praNyAya 31] laghucitra jisameM UparI sataha zveta raMga meM aura nicalI sataha gahare nIle raMga meM citrita hai (citra 281 kh)| AkAza ko prAyaH laharadAra paTTI yA ghumAvadAra challe ke rUpa meM yA citra ke UparI kone meM sthAna grahaNa kiye hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai| vRkSa ko usake tane sahita bhItara kI ora jhukA huA dikhAyA gayA hai| usakI parNAvalI ko kavi raidhU-kRta tInoM pANDulipiyoM ke citroM kI apekSA nayA maMdira sthita mahA-purANa ke citroM kI bhA~ti aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM pattoM ko pattiyoM ke eka vizAla samUha ke AkAra meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| yaha pANDulipi gvAliyara aura dillI--ina donoM meM se kisI eka sthAna para citrita huI ho sakatI hai| adhikatara saMbhAvanA dillI meM citrita hone kI hai kyoMki dhArIdAra yA caukhAne kI rUpa-yojanA-yukta vastra tathA citra-saMyojana meM maharAbadAra rUpa meM jhuke hue vRkSoM kA aMkana Adi kucha aisI vizeSatAeM haiM jo nayA maMdira sthita mahA-purANa ke citroM kI vizeSatAoM ke adhika nikaTa haiN| __ kavi raidhU-kRta ina cAroM kRtiyoM kI sacitra pANDulipiyoM kA samUha uttara-bhArata meM vikasita citra-paraMparA kA hI mAtra aMkana prastuta nahIM karatA apitu isa kAla kI racita mANDU kI kalpa-sUtra aura jaunapura kI kalpa-sUtra Adi jaisI anya pANDulipiyoM kI mAnava-AkRtiyoM ke aMkana aura unake dhotI evaM uttarIya pahanane tathA nAriyoM dvArA sAr3iyoM ke pahanane ke DhaMga Adi kI zailIgata samAnatA ko bhI pradarzita karatA hai| ina samAnatAoM se bhI adhika kucha aisI samAnatAe~, jo pahacAnI jA cukI haiM, sikaMdara-nAmA, bhArata kalA bhavana ke laura-caMdA aura tUbingena ke hamjA-nAmA Adi pANDulipiyoM ke citroM meM pAyI jAtI haiN| ye vizeSatAeM mukhyataH laMbe jAmA, kuratA-paijAmA jaisI veza-bhUSA tathA sAr3I ke bA~dhane ke DhaMga meM dekhI jAtI haiM, jisameM sAr3I kI cunnaTa Age kI mora nikalI huI darzAyI gayI hai| bAda kI pANDulipiyoM ke isa samUha meM eka hindU vyakti kI AkRti meM eka vijAtIya prakAra kA aMkana hai jo ki pAsaNAha-cariu tathA tithi-rahita jasahara-cariu' kI pANDulipi-citroM meM aMkita prAkRtiyoM se samAnatA rakhatA hai| ina donoM prakAra kI pANDulipiyoM ke samUha meM jo samAnatAe~ haiM ve isa pUrvokta mata kA samarthana karatI haiM ki sikaMdara-nAmA Adi pANDalipiyoM ke samUha kA citrAMkana dillI aura usake samIpa huA hogaa| isake AdhAra para yaha sujhAva diyA jAnA bhI saMbhava hai ki inakA racanAkAla paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kI apekSA lagabhaga 1 raMgIna citra 33, 34 tathA citra 280 ka, kha kI tulanA khaNDAlAvAlA aura motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1968, citra 2, 4 aura rekhAcitra 11, 15-18, 33, 36, 39, 43, 44 se kIjie. 2 raMgIna citra 32, 34, 35 kI tulanA pUrvokta, rekhA citra 90, 101, 102-104, 109, 117, 118, 125 se kIjie. 3 raMgIna citra 33 aura citra 281 ka, kha kI tulanA pUrvokta, rekhAcitra 99, 101-103, 108 se kIjie. 4 pUrvokta, pR 50, 53. 431

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 san 1450 rahA hogA, yadyapi yaha vivAda grasta hai| sikaMdara-nAmA prAdi pANDulipiyoM ke samUce samUha tathA unake sAtha caura - paMcAsikA zrAdi pANDulipiyoM ke samUha ko khaNDAlAvAlA evaM DaoN. motIcaMdra ne gata varSa san 1974 meM baMbaI se prakAzita 'ena ilasTreTeDa prAraNyaka parvana oNpha di eziyeTika sosAiTI' zIrSaka apanI pustaka meM usa samUha meM vargIkRta kiyA jise unhoMne citrakalA kI 'lodIzailI' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| unhoMne sikaMdara-nAmA, hamjA-nAmA aura laura-caMdA ke racanAkAla ke lie paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima paccIsa varSa ke samaya ko prAthamikatA dI hai paraMtu isake sAtha hI unhoMne yaha bhI sujhAva diyA hai ki paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kI koI tithi bhI unake yathArtha samaya ke Asa-pAsa ho sakatI hai / Adi-purANa kI eka anya pANDulipi bhI upalabdha hai jisake citra apanI eka nijI zailI meM aMkita haiM; tathApi, yaha pANDulipi uttara-bhArata kI citra paraMparA se saMbaddha hai / yaha pANDulipi vaise to pUrNa hai paraMtu isake aMtima bhAga meM citrAMkana nahIM ho pAyA hai| citroM ke lie chor3e gaye nirdhArita sthAna rikta hI raha gaye haiM / uttara bhAratIya citra paraMparA kI anya pANDulipiyoM kI bhA~ti isa pANDulipi kI citra- yojanA meM vibhinna AkAra-prakAra ke anekAneka citra sannihita haiN| isa pANDulipi meM yadyapi adhikAMza pRSThoM ke dAyIM athavA bAyIM ora citra aMkita haiM tathApi kucha pRSThoM para citroM kA niyojana rocaka hai jisake aMtargata likhita mUlapATha aura aMkita citra ke madhya eka pArasparika saMbaMdha dikhAI par3atA hai / isase usa prakAra ke prayAsa kA udghATana hotA hai jo phArasI pANDulipiyoM meM dekhA gayA hai ( raMgIna citra 36 ka, citra 282 ka, kha evaM 283 ka ) | pratIta hotA hai ki citra choTechoTe phalakoM meM aMkita kiye gaye the jo bAda meM eka-dUsare se jor3a diye gaye haiM (citra 282 kha ) / isa pANDulipi ke sacitra pRSThoM ko zailIgata AdhAra para sakatA hai / pahale varga meM pRSTha 1 se 36 taka, dUsare varga meM 40 se se 177 taka ke citra rakhe jA sakate haiM / dUsare aura tIsare varga hai ki inheM pahale varga ke anuvartI kisI kAla meM pUrNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / ke pahale varga ke citroM kI zailI se jJAta hotA hai ki isa pANDulipi meM mAtra raMga yojanA ko chor3akara zeSa meM uttara bhAratIya zailI kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai / ina citroM kI raMga-yojanA pUrvavartI citroM se kahIM adhika vistRta hai aura rekhAMkana kahIM adhika zailIgata evaM rItibaddha ho gayA hai / mAnavAkRtiyA~ AkarSaka haiM aura unake cehare adhika koNIya haiM ( raMgIna citra 36 ka citra 282 ka ) / puruSoM ke cehare para jabar3e kI rekhA ke sAtha dUsare raMga kA prayoga cehare para dAr3hI hone kA saMketa pradarzita karatA hai (citra 282 ka ) / puruSoM ko U~cI dhotI, asAmAnya rUpa se kama lapeTA huA uttarIya evaM U~cI pagar3I pahane hue darzAyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM puruSoM ko jAmA aura UMce jUte pahane hue bhI dikhAyA gayA hai / nArI AkRti meM unheM sAr3I pahane hue citrita kiyA gayA hai jinameM unakI sAr3I kI cunnaTeM bAhara kI ora nikalI huI haiM tathA sAr3I kA pallA ur3atI huI paTTI ke rUpa meM vakSasthala para tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA 160 tathA tIsare varga meM pRSTha 161 citroM se saMbhavata: aisA pratIta hotA 432

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adhyAya 31] laghucitra tirache rUpa meM hokara jAtA huA darzAyA gayA hai| vastroM kI abhikalpanA meM dhAriyA~ yA anagar3ha rUparekhAeM aMkita haiM / dRzya-citroM ko kAlpanika rUpa se aMkita kiyA gayA hai (raMgIna citra 36 kha) / udAharaNa ke lie, vRkSoM ko unake tanoM se lipaTI huI latAoM ke sAtha pradarzita kiyA gayA hai; vRkSoM ke pattoM ke madhya pakSiyoM yA baMdaroM ko baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| pattiyoM kI nasoM ko pIle yA lAla raMga meM citrita kiyA gayA hai aura unheM sAmAnyatayA paMktiyoM yA vRttAkAra rUpAkAroM meM vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai| parvatoM ke aMkana meM caTTAnoM ko sapila zIrSa se yukta darzAyA gayA hai| parvatoM ke mUla-bhUta aMkana se inheM bhinna rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM ina parvatoM ko ghaTAkara ardhavRttAkAra caTTAnoM ko eka-dUsare ke Upara cine hue rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai tathA kahIM-kahIM caTTAnoM ko maidAnI kSetra meM phaile hue rUpa meM bhI darzAyA gayA hai| bAdaloM ko vidyut kI camaka ke sAtha sajIva rUpa se aMkita kiyA gayA hai| isa pANDalipi ke citroM ke citra-phalakoM meM sarvaprathama vizuddha prAkRtika dRzyoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| sthApatyIya aMkana meM nIcI sataha vAlI chatoM tathA jAlIdAra dIvAroM se yukta maNDapa kI bAhya saMracanAoM ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| __ isa pANDulipi ke citroM se yaha spaSTa hai ki uttara-bhAratIya paraMparAnoM ke aMtargata paribhASita hote hue bhI isakI zailI jIvaMtatA aura navInatA-zodhI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa unase pRthak viziSTatAe~ rakhatI hai / isase bhI adhika rocaka eka tathya yaha hai ki isa pANDulipi kI kucha vizeSatAoM kI samAnatA caura-paMcAsikA Adi pANDulipiyoM ke vivAda-grasta samUha ke citroM meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| ina vizeSatAoM ke aMtargata raMga-yojanA kI vyApakatA, puruSAkRti ke cehare para jabar3e kI rekhA ke sAtha raMgaprayoga kI vizeSatA tathA yoga-paTTa ko apane ghuTanoM ke pAsa rakhe baiThI huI mudrA meM puruSAkRtiyoM kA aMkana aura vRkSoM kI pattiyoM kI nasoM kA lAla aura pIle raMga se aMkana Adi kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| paraMtu isase koI sunizcita niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sktaa| isa pANDulipi ke dUsare varga ke citra yadyapi zailIgata mUlabhUta AdhAra para pahale varga ke citroM ke samAna haiM tathApi ye unase kucha bhinnatA rakhate haiN| inameM prayukta raMga-yojanA sImita hai jisameM 1 isa samUha meM caura-paMcAsikA sIrIz2a (nagarapAlikA saMgrahAlaya, ahamadAbAda), laura-caMdA kI pANDulipi jisakA kucha bhAga lAhaura saMgrahAlaya meM tathA kucha bhAga caNDIgar3ha saMgrahAlaya meM vibhAjita hai, bhAgavat-purANa sIrIja ke kucha pRthak-pRthak pRSTha, bhArata kalA bhavana sthita mRgAvata kI pANDulipi, mainacesTara kI rAilaiNDsa lAibrerI kI laura-caMdA pANDulipi, tathA priMsa oNfa velsa myUjiyama kI laura-caMdA pANDulipi, san 1540 kI citrita mahApurANa kI pANDulipi, bAMbe eziyATika sosAiTI kI san 1516 kI citrita prAraNyaka-parvana, vijayeMdra-sUri-rAgamAlA, priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya sthita gIta-goviMda kI sacitra pANDulipiyA~ sammilita haiN| ina samasta sacitra pANDulipiyoM kA vizleSaNa motIcaMdra evaM kAla khaNDAlAvAlA ne pUrvokta, 1969, pR 64-109 para prastuta kiyA hai, tathA 'ena ilasTreTeDa pAraNyaka parvan maoNfa di eziyATika sosAiTI' 1974, baMbaI, meM isa samUha ke citroM kI zailI ke lie 'lodI-citra-zailI' nAma diyA gayA hai| 2 raMgIna citra 35 ka, kha aura citra 282 ke kI tulanA motIcaMdra evaM khaNDAlAvAlA, pUrvokta, 1969, citra 16, 20, 21 se kIjie. 433

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 mukhyataH nIle, zveta aura phIke hare raMga kA prayoga huA hai| rekhAMkana adhika dakSatApUrNa hai, tathA usameM Alor3ita laya tathA sauMdarya hai jo abataka isa paraMparA meM nahIM pAyA gayA thA (raMgIna citra 36 ga, gha ) / isa citra samUha meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya parivartana mAnava AkRtiyoM kI aMkana vidhi meM pAyA gayA hai / isa prAkRtiyoM meM cehare kA pArzva dRzya aMkita kiyA gayA hai jo vizeSa rUpa se caukora hai| inameM visphArita A~khoM kA aMkana nahIM hai| mAnavAkRtiyA~ anekAneka mudrAoM meM haiN| yoga-paTTa ko apane ghuTanoM ke pAsa rakhe baiThI huI mudrA meM mAnava AkRti kA aMkana isa kAla meM isa zailI kI eka suspaSTa vizeSatA bana gayI thI / puruSoM ko ina citroM meM dhotI aura uttarIya jaisI prAcIna paraMparAgata veza-bhUSA meM darzAyA gayA hai yA phira jAmA aura paijAmA-jaisI phArasI - zailI kI sulatAnI nayI veza-bhUSA meM ( raMgIna citra 36 ga ) / ina pozAkoM ke sAtha yA to U~cI uThI huI gola TopI ke Age pagar3I yA phira sAdA athavA jAlIdAra kulAha ke cAroM aura lapeTakara ba~dhI pagar3I pahane hue dikhAyA gayA hai ( citra 282 kha ) / mahilAoM ko usI prakAra kI sAr3I pahane hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai jisa prakAra ve isase pUrva ke pANDulipi - citroM meM pahane dikhAyI gayI haiM / inake nidarzana meM mAtra eka nayA tattva jhumake kA aMkana sammilita kiyA gayA hai ( raMgIna citra 36 ga ) / inameM darzAye gaye vastra prAyaH moTe prakAra ke haiM jo sAmAnyata: zveta haiM aura unapara kisI prakAra kI abhikalpanA nahIM hai / dRzya-citroM kA aMkana uttara-bhAratIya paraMparA ke anurUpa hai jisameM pattiyoM ke eka bar3e samUha se yukta vRkSa kA aMkana san 1454 kI citrita jasahara cariu ke aMkana jaisA hai; paraMtu isakA aMkana kahIM adhika saMvedanazIla aura AkarSaka hai / kahIM-kahIM to vRkSa ke pattoM ke samUha ke cAroM ora pIle aura zveta tAre darzAye gaye haiM / sthApatyIya aMkana meM maNDapa kI saMracanA pUrva kI bhA~ti rahI hai jisakI bAhya saMracanA meM dhArIdAra yA laharadAra guMbada athavA stUpikA- yukta sapATa chatarI pradarzita hai / kahIM-kahIM chatarI ke kinAre ke sAtha paMktibaddha kaMgUre aMkita haiM / maNDapa kI AMtarika sajjA meM chatarI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai jo chatoM se challoM meM ba~dhe hue dikhAye gaye haiM / isake nIce palaMga aMkita jinapara kahIM-kahIM zrAyatAkAra gadde biche hue dikhAI dete haiM (citra 283 ka ) / dharma-saMbaMdhI viSaya-vastu ko sAmAnya rUpa meM rUpAyita karane kI pravRtti isa zailI meM vikasita eka aisI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai jo isa pANDulipi meM parilakSita hotI hai / samasAmayika citroM kI aneka vizeSatAoM ko pANDulipiyoM ke eka samUha meM bhalI-bhAMti dekhA jA sakatA hai / pANDulipiyoM ke isa samUha ko caura - paMcAsikA-samUha ke nAma se jAnA jA sakatA hai / isa samUha ke citroM meM mAnava prakRtiyoM kI avadhAraNA ko pramukha sthAna milA hai| inameM uparokta pANDulipi kI bhA~ti caukora cehare kA aMkana haiM jisameM citrita A~kheM laMbI aura bar3I-bar3I haiM, tathA yoga- paTTa ko apane ghuTanoM ke pAsa rakhakara baiThe hue mAnava kI AkRti bhI samAna mudrA meM citrita hai / veza-bhUSA meM bhI kucha samAnatAe~ milatI haiM jinameM mahilAoM dvArA pahane gaye jhumake jaise AbhUSaNoM kA sUkSmAMkana bhI sammilita hai| uparokta pANDulipi meM vRkSa ke pattoM ke cAroM ora tAroM kA citraNa, ratha evaM maNDapa kA AkAra, unake guMbada evaM kaMgUre tathA prAMtarika sajjA Adi kA jisa prakAra 434 For Private Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 31 ] laghucitra sAmAnyataH aMkana pAyA gayA hai - ThIka isI prakAra kA aMkana caura-paMcAsikA pANDulipi-samUha ke citroM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / / Adi-purANa ke tIsare evaM aMtima varga ke citra zatAbdiyoM pazcAt citrita kiye gaye haiM tathA ye citra atyaMta nimna zreNI ke haiN| yadyapi varga eka evaM do ke citra zailIgata rUpa meM paraspara kucha bhinnatAe~ rakhate haiM aura ve donoM apanI nijI samAna vizeSatAe~ bhI rakhate haiM, tathApi una donoM kA uttara-bhAratIya kalA kI vizeSatAoM se sAmya saralatA se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| donoM meM caura-paMcAsikA pANDulipi-samUha ke citroM se bhI kucha samAnatAeM haiM yadyapi inake abhiprAya bhinna haiN| dUsare varga ke citra pahale varga ke citroM kI apekSA caura-paMcAsikA se kahIM adhika samAnatA rakhate haiN| isa prakAra isa pANDulipi ke mAdhyama se isake citroM kI zailI aura caura-paMcAsikA-samUha ke citroM kI usa zailI ke madhya pArasparika saMbaMdha sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai jo uttara-bhArata meM vidyamAna thii| uttarI kSetra meM citrita anya pANDulipiyoM kI apekSA Adi-purANa kI kahIM adhika pariSkRta zailI eka aise pramukha keMdra kI ora aMguli-nirdeza karatI haiM jahA~ para ye pANDulipiyA~ citrita huiiN| saMbhavata yaha keMdra dillI thA / san 1442 kI pAsaNAha-cariu tathA san 1454 kI jasaharacariu kI zailI se isa pANDulipi ke citroM kI zailIgata samAnatAoM ke AdhAra para nirIkSaNa karane para pratIta hotA hai ki prathama varga ke citra dUsare varga ke citroM kI apekSA pahale citrita hue haiN| yaha pANDulipi saMbhavataH lagabhaga san 1450 meM citrita huI hai| dUsare varga ke citra, jo pahale varga ke citroM ke uparAMta citrita hue, raMga-yojanA tathA abhiprAyoM kI avadhAraNA meM uttarI zailI se ghaniSTha rUpa se saMbaddha aura mAnava-AkRti ke aMkana, dRzya-citraNa tathA sthApatyIya aMkana meM san 1516 kI AraNyaka-parvana kI pANDulipi se saMbaddha haiN| ina samAnatAoM ke AdhAra para isake lie lagabhaga sana 1475 kI tithi nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai| isa pANDulipi ke donoM vargoM ke citra zailIgata AdhAra para jo paraspara bhinnatA rakhate haiM vaha adhika se adhika paccIsa varSa kI kAlAvadhi kI bhinnatA pratIta hotI hai| khaNDAlAvAlA ke matAnusAra ina vargoM ke citra paraspara pRthak-pRthak nijI vizeSatAeM rakhate haiM isalie ina donoM vargoM ke citra paryApta laMbe kAlAMtara meM, bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM citrita hue haiN| unake sujhAva ke anusAra, pahale varga ke citra paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha arthAta lagabhaga san 1475-1500 meM citrita hue haiM aura dUsare varga ke citra lagabhaga sana 1540 ke citrita mahA-purANa, jisakA vivaraNa Age diyA jAyegA, ke racanAkAla ke AsapAsa citrita hae haiN| 1 raMgIna citra 36 ga, gha tathA citra 282 kha, 28 3 ka kI tulanA khaNDAlAvAlA, evaM motIcaMdra pUrvokta, 1968, citra 16, 20, 21, 23 tathA rekhAcitra 187, 189, 191, 194, 199 se kIjie. 2 raMgIna citra 15 ga, gha tathA citra 282 kha, 283 ka kI tulanA pUrvokta, citra 13-16 se kIjie 435

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 1 ataH unake anusAra dUsare varga ke citra lagabhaga san 1520 aura 1540 ke madhyavartI kisI kAla meM citrita hue haiN| uttara-bhArata meM pracalita usa zailIgata pravRtti ke, jise pahale Adi-purANa (dusare varga ke citra) meM dekhA jA cukA hai, niraMtara pravahaNazIla vikAsa kA pramANa pAlama (dillI ke nikaTa) san 1540 kI praNIta tathA citrita mahA-purANa kI sacitra pANDulipi ke citroM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha isake citroM kI yojanA se spaSTa hai; yadyapi isa samaya AkAra kA saMyojana kahIM adhika vistRta ho gayA thA / isake kaI citra samUce pRSTha ke AkAra ke haiM aura kaI citra laMbe kSatijika citra-phalaka ke rUpa meM pRSTha ko bhI pAra kara gaye haiN| isameM adhikAMzataH citra pRSTha ko dAyIM athavA bAyIM ora aMkita haiM / kahIM-kahIM citra pRSTha kI dAyIM aura bAyIM donoM ora citrita haiM tathA kahIM-kahIM pRSTha ke madhya meM / rekhAMkana meM kucha durbalatAe~ bhI pAyI jAto haiM, inameM rekhAe~ apanI pUrvavartI layAtmaka gati ko kho cukI haiN| isake uparAMta bhI citrAMkana nipuNatApUrNa hai aura usameM gatyAtmakatA hai (citra 284) / raMga-yojanA meM adhika se adhika raMgoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai tathA citroM para vAniza bhI kI gayI hai| kaI citra-phalakoM ko milAkara bar3e AkAra ke citroM kA saMyojana kiyA gayA hai| ina citroM kI viSaya-vastu meM dharma-nirapekSa saMdarbho ke aMkana kI bar3hatI huI pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI hai| mAnava-prAkRtiyoM aura unakI veza-bhUSA kA aMkana usI prakAra kA pUrvavat rahA hai jo uttarabhArata kI paraMparA meM citrita pahale kI pANDulipiyoM meM dekhA jA cukA hai| puruSoM kI mAkRtiyoM ke aneka ceharoM meM jabar3e kI rekhA tathA UparI hoMTha ke Upara usI prakAra ke raMga kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jisa prakAra kA Adi-purANa ke pahale varga ke citroM meM dekhA jA cukA hai| baiThane kI mudrA meM parivartana ke atirikta mAnava-AkRti ke aMkana meM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| dRzya-citroM, sthApatyIya abhiprAyoM, rathoM aura siMhAsanoM kA aMkana pUrvavartI pANDulipiyoM kI bhA~ti pracalita paraMparA ke anusAra hI kiyA gayA hai / Ama ke vRkSa, parakoTe-yukta nagara tathA maNDapoM meM baiThe hue nagaravAsiyoM kA aMkana ina citroM meM pahalI bAra huA hai, jinheM ina citroM kI navInatA meM parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai (citra 284) / yaha pANDulipi uttara-bhAratIya citroM kI zailI ke vikAsa meM eka carama biMdu prastuta karatI hai| isake sAtha hI ise caura-paMcAsikA-samUha kI pANDulipiyoM kI zailI se saMbaddha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki usa samUha kI pANDulipiyoM ke citroM kI bhAMti isameM bahuvidhi raMga-yojanA kA upayoga huA hai aura isakI mAnava-AkRtiyoM ke pArzva-dRzya meM aMkita cehare tathA unakI mudrAe~ bhI usa samUha ke citroM ke samAna haiM / dRzya-citroM aura sthApatya-saMracanAoM kA aMkana, jisameM tIra ke 1 vahI, pR 69-78. 436

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adhyAya 31 ] laghucitra phalakoM kI rUparekhA ke AlaMkArika abhiprAya bhI sammilita haiM, caura-paMcAsikA-samUha ke citroM ke anurUpa hai| pAdi-purANa kI prAraMbhika tithi-rahita pANDulipi bhI caura-paMcAsikA-samUha ke citroM se kucha samAnatAe~ rakhatI hai| Adi-purANa kI pANDulipi tathA san 1540 kI mahA-purANa kI pANDulipi -ina donoM pANDulipiyoM ke samUhagata sAkSya yaha saMketa dete haiM ki ye donoM usa vikasita zailI kI udAharaNa hai jo caura-paMcAsikA-zailI meM prasphuTita huii| isase Age ye pANDulipiyA~ yaha bhI saMketa detI haiM ki caura-paMcAsikA kI zailI kA udgama usa citrakalA meM nihita hai jo uttara-bhArata meM pracalita thii| dillI aura usake nikaTavartI kSetra meM citrita ina samasta sacitra pANDulipiyoM kA sarvekSaNa hameM akabara se pUrva arthAt lodI-vaMza ke zAsanakAla ke aMtargata isa kSetra meM vikasita citrakalA kI zailI ke viSaya meM paryApta jAnakArI upalabdha karAtA hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI tathya hamAre sAmane spaSTa hai ki yadyapi samasAmayika pazcima-bhArata kI zailI se pRthak isa zailI kI nijI vizeSatAeM haiM tathApi vaha usase saMbaddha rahI hai| jaba hama uttara-bhArata kI citra-zailI kI tulanA pazcima-bhArata kI citra-zailI se karate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki uttara-bhArata kI citra-zailI ke citra eka bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM pANDulipi-citroM ke rUpa meM race gaye haiM aura unakI racanA anAvazyaka rUpa se doharAyI gayI hai| pRSTha para citra aura likhita sAmagrI ke saMyojana meM pazcima-bhArata ke citroM kI atyaMta praupacArika vyavasthA-zailI kI apekSA uttara-bhArata ke citroM kI vyavasthA-zailI kama bAdhaka hai tathA pazcima bhAratIya vizeSatA se kahIM adhika khojaparaka hai| ina citroM kA citra-saMyojana jIvaMta hai| mAnavaprAkRtiyoM kI veza-bhUSA, sthApatya aura usakI aMtara-sAjasajjA Adi viSaya ke citraNa meM donoM zailiyoM meM sthAnIya vizeSatAoM ko sthAna prApta huA pratIta hotA hai| uttara-bhArata kI zailIgata vizeSatAeM citrAMkana meM naye aAkAroM ke samAveza aura citra-saMyojana kI upayUkta vidhiyoM ke sAtha prayoga karake, zailI ke rUpa meM usake vikAsa meM sudRr3ha pragati prastuta karatI rahI hai| isake viparIta, pazcima-bhArata kI zailI ne, yadyapi vaha vaibhava evaM lAlityapUrNa hai, apane nijI DhAMce ke aMtargata hI vikAsa kiyA, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha niHsattva aura gatihIna hokara raha gyii| san 1556 meM akabara dillI ke siMhAsana para baiThA aura usake dvArA kiye gaye sAMskRtika vikAsa ne, jo usake zAsanakAla kI eka vizeSatA bana gayA thA, isa kAla meM citrAtmaka abhivyakti / isa kAla meM citrityekAce sAMskRtika 1 vahI, citra 21 evaM rekhAcitra 190, 191, 195. 2 khaNDAlAvAlA evaM motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1974. 437

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 1 ke lie atyaMta nirNAyaka pratikriyA siddha hii| pazcima-bhArata kI citra-zailI meM isakA prabhAva mAnavaprAkRtiyoM aura unakI veza-bhUSA ke aMkana meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / yaha prabhAva aneka pANDulipiyoM ke citroM meM spaSTa parilakSita hai jinameM matara meM san 1583 meM citrita saMgrahaNI-sUtra aura san 1596 kI citrita yazodhara-carita pANDulipi (raMgIna citra 37) kI pramukha rUpa se gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra kI pravRtti yazodhara-carita kI eka anya sacitra pANDulipi meM bhI parilakSita hotI hai jo kachavAhA rAjapUtoM kI rAjadhAnI Amera meM san 1560 meM citrita huI (citra 283 kh)| yadyapi digaMbara jaina pANDulipiyA~ zvetAMbara jaina pANDulipiyoM kI apekSA saMkhyA meM atyaMta alpa haiM tathApi yaha mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai ki digaMbara saMpradAya ne dharma ke mAna-mUlyoM ke saMvardhana ke lie zvetAMbaroM kA anukaraNa kiyA / isakA vAstavika kAraNa saMbhavata: yaha ho sakatA hai ki anya saMpradAyoM kI apekSA zvetAMbara jaina dhArmika abhivyakti ke isa DhaMga ke prati kahIM adhika anurakta the| hindU, bauddha, digaMbara jaina, musalamAna, inameM se koI bhI saMpradAya akele yA saba milakara bhI zvetAMbaroM kI ina pracura-saMkhyaka pANDulipiyoM kI tulanA nahIM kara sakate / pANDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA ke aMtara ke atirikta, digaMbara aura zvetAMbara jaina paraMparAe~, citrita karAne hetu mUlapAThoM ke cayana meM paryApta bhinna rahI haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana-caritroM kA aMkana donoM saMpradAyoM ke citroM kA lokapriya viSaya rahA hai paraMtu zvetAMbaroM meM isane sAmAnyataH kalpa-sUtra kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA hai, aura digaMbaroM meM mahA-purANa kaa| isI prakAra zvetAMbaroM ne jahA~ uttarAdhyayanasUtra ko citrita karAyA hai vahA~ digaMbaroM ne citrita karAne ke lie yazodhara-carita kA cayana kiyA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki inakA cayana spaSTataH saMpradAyagata mUlyoM dvArA nirdhArita huA hai| aise kisI graMtha yA pANDulipi ko, jise anya saMpradAyoM meM bhI mAnyatA prApta hai, pratyeka saMpradAya meM bAra-bAra citrita karAyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, jahA~ hinduoM ne bAla-gopAla-stuti kI kathA ko citrita karAyA hai vahA~ salatanata-muslima-paraMparA meM sikaMdara-nAmA aura hamjA-nAmA kI citrita karAyA gayA hai| ina aMtaroM ke uparAMta bhI jaba una donoM saMpradAyoM ke sAmane eka hI viSaya-vastu ko citrita karane ke lie zailI ke cayana kA prazna uThA hai to una donoM saMpradAyoM ne svayaM ko usI zailI para nirbhara kiyA hai jo usa kAla ke aMtargata usa kSetra-vizeSa meM pracalita rahI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki san 1464 kI citrita digaMbara pANDulipi yazodhara-carita zvetAMbara saMpradAya kI pANDulipiyoM se, jo pazcimabhArata kI 'samRddha zailI' meM citrita hai, bhinna nahIM jAna pdd'tii| yadi san 1464 kI citrita yazodharacarita kI pANDulipi yazodhara-carita kI dUsarI pANDulipi se bhinna dikhAI detI hai to isa bhinnatA kA 1 motIcaMdra eva zAha, pUrvokta, 1968, 4367-68. 2 khaNDAlAvAlA evaM motIcaMdra, pUrvokta, 1969, pR 69. 438

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adhyAya 31] laghucitra kAraNa yaha hai ki ve donoM bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM citrita huI haiM / ina digaMbara aura zvetAMbara pANDulipiyoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki paMdrahavIM zatAbdI meM pazcima-bhAratIya athavA gujarAtI zailI meM kSetrIya pravRttiyoM ke anurUpa parivartana kA AnA prAraMbha ho gayA thaa| jahA~ inhoMne apane mUlabhUta tattva aura viziSTa cAritrika guNoM ko surakSita banAye rakhA hai vahIM sthApatyIya saMracanAoM, prAMtarika sAja-sajjA ke upAdAnoM, rathoM, vastroM tathA anya vastuoM kI AlaMkArika abhikalpanAoM Adi ke aMkana meM sthAnIya prabhAva svayaM apanA sthAna grahaNa kara gayA hai| aura yahI vaha sthAnIya zailI thI jisane isa tathya kI upekSA karake ki citrita kI jAne vAlI pANDulipi hiMdU hai yA musalamAna, jaina hai yA bauddha, usa kSetra kI pANDulipi ko citrita karane ke lie abhivyakti ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM kArya kiyA / isIlie bAla-gopAla-stuti kI hiMdU pANDulipi usI zailI meM citrita hai jisa zailI meM gujarAta meM kalpa-sUtra kI zvetAMbara jaina pANDulipi citrita huI hai| aura isI prakAra uttara-bhArata meM citrita digaMbara pANDulipiyA~ zailIgata rUpa meM usI zailI ke anurUpa haiM jise sulatAna lodI-samUha kI pANDulipiyoM kI zailI kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| ye zvetAMbara aura digaMbara sacitra pANDulipiyA~ paraspara milakara mugala-pUrvakAla kI pracalita kalA-pravRttiyoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti samajhane kI dizA meM bahumUlya sUtra upalabdha karAtI haiM tathA ina pravRttiyoM ke vibhinna vikAsoM tathA usake vistAra ko samajhane aura bhAratIya citrakalA ke itihAsa meM inake mahat yogadAna para prakAza DAlane meM advitIya rUpa se sahAyaka siddha hotI haiN| sarayU dozI 439

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adhyAya 32 kASTha-zilpa prastAvanA sarvAdhika zramasAdhya aura manojJa kASTha-zilpa, jo kAla ke karAla thaper3oM ko jhela sakA, vaha adhikatara gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM satrahavIM se unnIsavIM zatI taka nirmita hayA hai| kASTha-zilpa kI sarvottama kRtiyA~ mUlata: jaina dharma ke saMrakSaNa meM prastuta kI gyiiN| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke zuSka vAtAvaraNa meM kASTha-nirmita kRtiyA~ deza ke anya bhAgoM kI apekSA adhika dIrghakAla taka surakSita rahatI haiM, isIlie ina kSetroM meM kASTha ke vyApaka upayoga ko protsAhana milaa| kASTha ke prayoga kA eka kAraNa usakA vaha guNa bhI hai jisase vaha uSNatA ko sahana kara sakatA hai| isake atirikta, ina kSetroM ke samIpa hI madhya pradeza ke vanoM meM lakar3I kA utpAdana bahuta hotA hai, jo yahA~ saralatA se lAyI jA sakatI hai| kalAkAra-takSaka bhalI-bhA~ti jAnatA thA ki mUrtiyoM, jAliyoM, chidrita jAliyoM tathA anya sUkSma alaMkaraNoM kA utkIrNana aura phira unapara paoNliza Adi pASANa Adi kI apekSA kASTha para kama samaya meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke gharoM meM jo kASTha ke chajje banate the unakA apanA AkarSaNa to thA hI, unameM se vAyu kA praveza bhI paryApta ho sakatA thaa| kASTha ke prayoga kA eka lAbha yaha bhI thA ki usase bhavana kA bhAra kama rahatA jabaki usakI majabUtI meM koI aMtara nahIM par3atA / usase yaha atirikta suvidhA bhI rahatI ki usameM bar3e-bar3e alaMkaraNoM kA utkIrNana isalie sahaja ho pAtA ki kaI kASTha-phalakoM ko jor3akara bar3A kara liyA jAtA, jo IMTa pASANa se saMbhava nahIM hotaa| AvAsIya sthApatya evaM upaskara AvAsIya sthApatya kI dRSTi se sAmAnyataH eka jaina ghara meM dvAra ke saradala para yA gavAkSa kI caukhaTa para tIrthaMkara-mUrti yA maMgala-cihna (caudaha svapna Adi) utkIrNa kiye jAte haiM tAki ghara meM mAMgalikatA kA saMcAra ho / caukhaTa para utkIrNa kiye jAne vAle anya alaMkaraNa haiM--aSTa-maMgaloM kA Alekhana, puSpoM aura latAoM kI paTTiyA~, dvArapAla aadi| jaina gharoM meM sAdhAraNataH kASTha-nirmita 1 goyatja (eca). di mArTa eNDa prAkiTekcara praoNpha bIkAnera sTeTa. oNksaphorDa. 1950. pR. 150, rekhAcitra 24. 440

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adhyAya 32 ] kASTha-zilpa agrabhAga hote haiN| samUcA bhavana eka U~cI caukI para nirmita hotA hai, usake sAmane eka laghu 'prottA' (adhiSThAna) hotA hai jisake Upara pASANa kI caukiyoM para khar3e staMbhoM para AdhArita dUsarA tala hotA hai / sAmane kI bhitti kI racanA kASTha ke kaI staMbhoM se hotI hai jinake madhya kA aMtara IMToM se bhara diyA jAtA hai| eka AvAsa-gRha meM alaMkaraNa ke lie jo bhAga upayukta mAne jAte haiM, ve haiM-staMbha, gavAkSoM aura dvAroM kI caukhaTeM, saradala, Tor3e, toraNa, chateM, bhittiyoM para nirmita paTTiyA~ Adi / jisa vyakti ke pAsa thoDe-se bhI sAdhana hoMge vaha apane ghara meM kama-se-kama staMbhoM para yA dvAra athavA gavAkSa kI caukhaTa para alaMkaraNa avazya karAnA caahegaa| ina alaMkaraNoM kA vistAra gRhasvAmI kI Arthika kSamatA ke anusAra bar3hatA jAtA hai| gujarAta aura usake samIpa ke bahuta bar3e kSetra meM jaina gharoM meM kASTha kA prayoga huA, jisase kASTha-zilpI ko kalA ke vibhinna rUpa aura prAlekhana prastuta karane kA avasara milA; inameM samayasamaya para parivardhana aura pariSkAra bhI hotA rahA kyoMki isa kSetra kI kalA aura sthApatya ko vibhinna zailiyoM ne prabhAvita kiyaa| pASANa-zilpI ne una saba abhiprAyoM ko prAtmasAt kiyA jo pahale kASTha-zilpa meM pracalita the ; isake viparIta, pASANa aura IMTa kI nirmANa-kalA meM jinakA vizeSa sthAna thA--aisI stUpI aura toraNa ko kASTha-kalA meM na kevala svIkAra kiyA gayA balki unakA saphalatA se nirmANa bhI kiyA gyaa| eka jaina ghara kI atyaMta ullekhanIya vizeSatA ke rUpa meM madala yA Tor3A eka aisA zilpAMkana hai jisakI koI upamA nhiiN| madala ke aMkana meM kASTha-zilpI ko kauzala-pradarzana kA sarvAdhika avasara milA kyoMki usake aMkana meM jitanI gaharAI taka kaTAva Avazyaka hotA hai utanA kevala kASTha meM hI saMbhava hai / puSpAvalI Adi kI paTTiyoM, pazuoM, pakSiyoM, mAnava-prAkRtiyoM aura deva-deviyoM kI kalpanAmaya saMyojanA kI Ar3e-tirache jyAmitika rekhAMkanoM ke madhya saMgati biThAnA eka aisI vizeSatA hai jo kASTha-kalA meM hI upalabdha hotI hai, jo madala ke zilpAMkana se vyakta hotI hai / madaloM kA upayoga, nissaMdeha. maMdiroM meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai kintu vahA~ unapara kevala vividha vAdyoM ke sAtha divya saMgIta-maNDaliyoM aura zAstrIya nRtyoM kI vibhinna mudrAoM meM nartaka-nartakiyA~ hI zilpAMkita kI jAtI haiN| samUcA nirmANa isa prakAra saMyojita kiyA jAtA ki kalA aura upayogitA meM samanvaya ho jAtA, vAtAvaraNa kI viSamatAe~ niyamita ho jAtIM, rahana-sahana kI anukUlatA bhI banI rahatI aura gahasvAmiyoM kI Arthika paristhiti bhI bAdhaka na bntii| sthApatya ke dvAra, gavAkSa, staMbha, dharana aura madala aise aMga haiM jinapara kASTha-zilpI ne apane kauzala ko mUrta kiyaa| dvAra-kapAToM ko kASTha kI pADI-khar3I moTI paTTiyoM se isa prakAra vibhakta kiyA jAtA ki catuSkoNIya yA AyatAkAra khaNDa bana jAte / dvAra-kapATa kabhI samatala hote, kabhI unapara zilpAMkana hotA aura kabhI unheM jAlIdAra banAyA jAtA / gavAkSa yA to bhitti ke sAtha-sAtha hI banAye jAte yA unakI saMyojanA alaga se kI / trivedI (pAra ke). vuDa kAviMga praoNpha gujarAta. 1965. bar3audA. citra 22-27. 441

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 jaatii| gavAkSoM kI caukhaTeM prathama tala para apekSAkRta kama alaMkRta hotI para dvitIya tala para unameM vividha prakAra ke suMdara alaMkaraNa utkIrNa kiye jAte / kucha sthAnoM para Ajakala kI bhA~ti gavAkSa bhI bane jinake kapAToM ko icchAnusAra kholA yA baMda kiyA jA sakatA / kintu adhikAMza sthAnoM para UparI tala ke gavAkSoM ko kapAToM ke binA hI banAyA gayA tAki vAyu aura prakAza kA praveza nirbAdha ho sake / kASTha-nirmita jAlI meM puSpAvalI Adi suMdara alaMkaraNa utkIrNa kiye jAte aura bIca-bIca meM chidrita sthAna bhI chor3e jAte jinase vAyu aura prakAza kA praveza hotaa| aise gavAkSoM kA pracalana pATana aura usake samIpa bahuta rhaa| muslima prabhAva jaina sthApatya para bhI par3A isIlie gharoM meM meharAbadAra gavAkSoM kI saMyojanA huii| aisI eka unnIsavIM zatI kA gavAkSa (citra 285) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI (prAkAra 1804128 seNTImITara ; praviSTi kramAMka 60.1152) meM pradarzita hai| isa gavAkSa kI caukhaTa para laharAtI puSpAvalI aura paTTiyA~ aura bIca-bIca meM manuSyoM aura pazanoM kI AkRtiyA~ aMkita haiN| Upara kI paTTI meM eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti eka maMdira meM virAjamAna dikhAI gayI hai jisakI ora bahuta-se vyakti apanI zraddhAMjali arpita karane ke lie bar3ha rahe haiN| meharAba para utkIrNa prAkRtiyoM ke paMkha dikhAye gaye haiM, yaha bhI muslima prabhAva ke kAraNa hai| Upara kI paTTI para manakedAra alaMkaraNoM kA aMkana hai jo isa kAla kI sAmAnya vizeSatA hai| Upara ke tala ko AdhAra dene vAle staMbha yA to eka U~ce aottA (adhiSThAna) para banAye jAte yA ve bhitti kA hI aMga banA diye jAte / ve adhikatara catuSkoNIya aura kahIM-kahIM gola yA nAlIyukta aura kabhI-kabhI zuNDAkAra hote / suMdara zuNDAkAra staMbha muslima sthApatya ke prabhAva se bne| Upara ke tala ko AdhAra dene vAle toraNoM aura dharanoM para baMdanavAroM, kamala-puSpoM, zRMga-paTTiyoM aura patrAvalI ke zilpAMkana hue| adhikAMza gharoM meM chajje banAye gaye jinase bhittiyoM kI ekarasatA kama huI aura eka tala se dUsare tala kA aMtara spaSTa huA / nIce ke tala para koI alaMkaraNa nahIM hotA, kevala mAlAoM se aMkita paTTiyA~ yA nAlIyukta staMbha yA sAdhAraNa alaMkAra-sahita madala hote / kintu nIce ke tala ke dvAra-kapATa aura caukhaTa sAmAnya rUpa se atyadhika alaMkRta hotIM jinase zeSa bhAga kI alaMkArahInatA kI pUrti ho jaatii| ahiMsA ke upAsaka hone se jaina prAyaH kapotoM ko dAnA cugAte haiM aura pakSiyoM kI rakSA karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki gujarAta meM kisI bhI jaina sthAna para kASTha-nirmita pArAbADI yA kapotoM kA darabA avazya hotA hai jisameM kapotoM, gaurayyoM, zukoM, mayUroM Adi paricita pakSiyoM ko pAnI aura dAnA rakhA jAtA hai| kucha pArAbADiyoM para to atyaMta suMdara zilpAMkana hotA hai aura ve kASTha kI laghu mUrtiyoM se alaMkRta hotI haiN| ina pArAbADiyoM para muslima sthApatya kA prabhAva rahA, unapara gaMbada aura madala banAye gaye, yadyapi unakA AkAra choTA hI rahA / 1 vahI, citra 82, 83. 442

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adhyAya 32 ] kAhaTha-zilpa paTa, bAjoTha (palaMga) aura jhUlA tathA kucha anya vastue~ jaina gharoM meM kASTha se nirmita karAyI jAtI haiN| upayoga meM Ane vAlI sAja-sajjA kI kASTha-nirmita vastuoM kI saMkhyA sImita rakhI jAtI hai| inameM se traNa-khaniyA aura nava-khaniyA (dIvAra meM jar3I alamAriyA~), jalapAtra rakhane ke lie paniyArA, saMdUka Adi para suMdara aMkana hote haiM / maMdira-sthApatya jaina maMdira do vargoM meM vibhakta kiye jA sakate haiM--ghara-derAsara yA gRha-maMdira aura pASANa yA kASTha se nirmita maMdira / ghara-derAsara gujarAtI jaina samAja kI eka apanI hI vizeSatA hai, aura aisA maMdira prAyaH pratyeka ghara meM hotA hai cAhe usake sAdhana kitane hI sImita kyoM na hoN| gujarAta aura dakSiNa bhArata meM hindU gharoM meM bhI gRha-maMdira hote haiM, kintu jaina derAsaroM kI apanI alaga vizeSatAe~ haiN| kASTha yA pASANa se nirmita maMdiroM kI yathArtha laghu anukRti ke rUpa meM ghara meM parivAra dvArA upAsanA ke lie ye derAsara banAye jAte haiN| ina derAsaroM para sUkSma zilpAMkana, paoNliza Adi kA alaMkaraNa hotA hai jisakI mAtrA gRhasvAmI kI Arthika sthiti ke anusAra hInAdhika ho sakatI hai| hAjA paTela kI pola, kAlUpura, ahamadAbAda meM jo zAMtinAtha-derAsara hai vaha sarvAdhika prAcIna derAsaroM meM se eka hai| eka pASANa para utkIrNa abhilekha ke anusAra isa maMdira kA nirmANa vikrama saMvat 1446 (1360 I0) meM seTha somajI ne saMpanna kiyA thaa| samUcA maMdira kASTha se banA hai, isake maNDapa para eka 3.35 mITara vargAkAra stUpI hai jisapara cAroM ora ghUmatI eka-ke-Upara-eka satraha paTTiyoM meM zilpAMkana hai, pUrI stUpI meM do sau ar3atAlIsa kASTha-phalaka lage haiN| yadyapi stUpI ko AdhAra dene vAle staMbhoM para alaMkaraNa nahIM hai kintu unake madaloM aura toraNoM para pazuoM, rathoM, dikpAloM, divya saMgIta-maNDaliyoM aura thirakate nartaka-nartakiyoM ke vividha rUpAMkana haiN|2 gujarAta meM gharoM meM aura bhI aneka derAsara haiM para unameM se adhikAMza para koI lekha Adi prakAzita nahIM huA ataH unake nirmANa-kAla kA parijJAna nahIM ho sakA / vAstava meM, samaya-samaya para hue jIrNoddhAra ke kAraNa unake nirmANa-kAla kA anumAna bhI saMbhava nhiiN| zrI-sameta-zikhara-jI kI pola, mANDavI pola, ahamadAbAda meM jo zrI-pArzvanAtha-derAsara hai vaha lagabhaga tIna sau varSa prAcIna arthAt satrahavIM zatI kA mAnA jAtA hai| jaina samAja kA keMdra hone se ahamadAbAda meM kaI ullekhanIya derAsaroM kA nirmANa hA : vAghana pola, jhaverIvADa meM zrI-ajitanAtha-derAsara ; nizA pola meM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha-derAsara aura sahasraphaNa pArzvanAtha-derAsara ; jhaverIvADa, zekhapAr3A meM zrI vAsupUjyasvAmI-derAsara aura zrIzItalanAtha-prabhu-derAsara; zrIrAmajI kI pola meM zrI supArzvanAtha-derAsara; aura hAjA paTela kI pola / 1 vahI, pR 46. 2 vahI, pR 46. 3 vahI, pR 45-48. 443

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 ghara-derAsara-gujarAta ke anya bhAgoM meM bhI banAye gye| pATana eka mahattvapUrNa nagara hai jahA~ jainoM kI saMkhyA paryApta hai| maNiyATI pADI meM zrI-lallUbhAI dantI kA ghara-derAsara aura kuMbhariyA pADA meM zrI-RSabhadevasvAmI-derAsara yahA~ ke mahattvapUrNa gRha-maMdira haiN| gujarAta ke pAlItAnA, ralhaNapura, khaMbhAta Adi nagaroM meM bhI aise udAharaNa haiM / rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, nayI dillI meM kisI gRhamaMdira kA eka sUkSma zilpAMkana sahita maNDapa (praviSTi kramAMka 60.148) hai, isakA nirmANa avazya hI yA to bar3audA meM huaA hogA yA usake AsapAsa ; kyoMki usake zilpAMkana para marAThA-prabhAva spaSTa hai jo vizeSataH cAroM konoM para prastuta gajArohiyoM kI gola pagar3I (citra 286 aura 287) se pramANita hotA hai| anya maNDapoM kI bhA~ti yaha bhI kaI kASTha-phalakoM ko jor3akara banAyA gayA hai| mukhya dharanoM ke cAra anya pAryoM meM se do para tIrthaMkaroM kI sAta AsIna mUrtiyA~ (citra 286) utkIrNa haiM / chidra-sahita jAlI aura ardhavRttAkAra devakulikA se muslima prabhAva prakaTa hotA hai / gaja para jhUlA aura haudA susajjita haiM / gaja ko ghaNTA, zirastrANa, galahAra aura nUpura pahanAye gaye haiM aura usake zilpAMkana se svAbhAvikatA kA vAtAvaraNa banatA hai / isa aSTakoNIya maNDapa kI chata se AbU ke prasiddha maMdiroM (citra 288) kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| solaha apsarAeM stUpI ke aMtarbhAga kI zobhA bar3hA rahI haiN| usake madhya meM puSpAvalI se alaMkRta lolaka laTaka rahA hai| stUpI ke sabase nIce kI dharana para pUrI laMbAI meM jana-samUha kA aMkana hai jisake aMtima sire para eka tIrthaMkara-sahita maMdira kI anukRti (citra 286) utkIrNa hai| janasamUha se tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvana kI eka jhA~kI milatI hai| apsarAoM, anya mUrtiyoM aura prArohiyoM-sahita gajoM se isa maNDapa kA nirmANa-kAla solahavIM-satrahavIM zatI aura nirmANa-sthala bar3audA ke Asa-pAsa jJAta hotA hai / rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM dvAra kI eka caukhaTa bhI ullekhanIya jaina kASThakRti hai (praviSTi kramAMka 60.1153) / usake Upara kI paTTI para bIca meM eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti (citra 260) hai| donoM ora eka-eka camaradhArI aura nau-nau mAlAdhArI vidyAdharoM kI saMyojanA se ma dRzya kI sRSTi huI hai| donoM ora ke eka-eka staMbha para eka-eka caturbhuja dvArapAla aura eka-eka staMbha para eka-eka devakoSThikA meM tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ haiM jinake sAtha paricaroM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI aMkita haiN| caukhaTa ke cAroM ora latAoM kI paTTiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| prAkRtiyA~ yadyapi aba kSata-vikSata ho gayI haiM taba bhI unase isa kASTha-kRti kA samaya satrahavIM zatI aura nirmANa-sthala ahamadAbAda sUcita hotA hai| rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM eka aura kASTha-kRti hai--eka gaha-maMdira kA dvAra ( praviSTi kramAMka 47.111/1; AkAra 100 x 60 seNTImITara) (citra 261) / AkAra meM laghu hokara bhI yaha dvAra utanA hI zilpAMkita hai jitanA eka bar3A dvAra hotA hai| donoM kapAToM para choTe-bar3e vargAkAroM meM suMdara puSpAvalI Adi ke aMkana haiN| saradala para caudaha svapnoM kA Alekhana hai (citra 262) jo jaina zilpAMkanoM meM vizeSa mahattva kA mAnA jAtA hai| saradala ke nIce lakSmI kI eka caturbhujI murti hai jisake donoM ora eka-eka camaradhAriNI hai| nIce ke phalaka para do gaja aura usake donoM 444

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adhyAya 32] kASTha-zilpa gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita gavAkSa citra 285 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 gujarAta : vAnizadAra kASTha-nirmita maNDapa, bAhya bhAga citra 286 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 32 ] kASTha-zilpa gujarAta : vAnizadAra kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 286), gajArohI citra 287 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 SATTA gujarAta : vArnizadAra kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 286), chata citra 288 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 32 ] kASTha-zilpa gujarAta : vAnizadAra kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 286), chata kA eka bhAga (citra 288) citra 289

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita dvAra citra 290 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 32 ] entestabiostestas testest HER SCAR punnn gujarAta : eka ghara derAsara kA kASTha-nirmita dvAra citra 291 (ma kASTha- zilpa

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 gujarAta : eka ghara-derAsara kA kASTha-nirmita dvAra (citra 291), maMgala-svapnoM aura gaja-lakSmI kA aMkana citra 292 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 32 ] 426 gujarAta: kASTha-nirmita maNDapa citra 293 kASTha zilpa

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 (ka) gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita maNDapa / citra 293), eka paTTI para nRtya, saMgIta tathA anya dRzyAMkana (kha) gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita maNDapa (citra 293), chata citra 294

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adhyAya 32 ] kASTha-zilpa (ka) gajarAta : eka ghara-derAsara, eka rAjakIya yAtrA kA dRzya (kha) gujarAta : eka ghara-derAsara, ziSyoM dvArA prAcArya kA svAgata citra 295

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [bhAga 7 klugaa NERA AFTETTE - - - pATana : vADI pArzvanAtha-maMdira, jharokhA citra 296 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 321 kASTha-zilpa IdLA LP A IR .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . VOCTORGAREERESCAMERICROSOPARGAOGEL Dur a tRIGHEARDARDateratulasmearnerprepnrst SUPPORTE239SPEEP H RASEENET STONEYCHOOLOGEOMENDMERICT CARDESED HAMIRRODARATI ka lASAlinar inpith R E pATana : vADI pArzvanAtha maMdira (citra 296), AMzika dRzya citra 297

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 gujarAta : pAlizadAra kASTha-nirmita puttalikA citra 298

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adhyAya 32 ] kASTha-zilpa (ka) gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita puttalikA (kha) gujarAta : kASTha-nirmita puttalikA citra 299

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [bhAga 7 (ka) gujarAta : eka paTTI para jaina sAdhuoM ke svAgata kA dRzyAMkana mAtAjAvAjAIDIETITI1219 (kha) gujarAta : eka paTTI para rAjakIya yAtrA kA dRzyAMkana (ga) gujarAta : eka paTTI para rAjakIya yAtrA kA dRzyAMkana citra 300

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adhyAya 32 ] kASTha-zilpa koNoM para eka-eka maMdira kI anukRti hai jisake dUsarI ora eka-eka dvArapAla kA aMkana hai| dvArapAloM ke Upara utkIrNa gavAkSoM se jhA~katI haI manuSyoM kI prAkRtiyA~ prAbhAsa detI haiM ki yaha eka bahu-tala bhavana kA Alekhana hai| aisA hI eka laghu dvAra bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM hai| usapara gaharA aura sUkSma zilpAMkana hai aura vaha solahavIM zatI kA mAnA gayA hai| kintu rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya ke ukta dvAra ko aThArahavIM zatI kA mAnanA hogA kyoMki usapara patrAvaliyoM aura mUrtiyoM kA aMkana sthUla hai aura unameM vaha AkarSaNa nahIM hai jo bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ke dvAra meM hai| priMsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama oNpha vesTarna iNDiyA, baMbaI meM bhI kisI AvAsa-gRha kA eka kASTha nirmita maNDapa hai (citra 263) / 188 seNTImITara laMbe, 156 seNTImITara caur3e aura 36 seNTImITara U~ce tathA do sopAnoM se yukta adhiSThAna para prastuta yaha maNDapa vistRta zilpAMkana sahita cAra staMbhoM para AdhArita hai jinake madhya kA aMtara kucha kama hai aura jinapara kabhI paoNliza rahI hai / ina staMbhoM para devakoSThikAoM kA aMkana hai jinameM deva-deviyA~, nartaka-nartakiyA~ aura divya saMgIta-maNDaliyAM Alikhita haiN| ina staMbhoM ke nIce viSNu aura brahmA maura unake anucaroM kI prAkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| staMbhoM ke zIrSoM para muslima tathA sthAnIya abhiprAyoM kA aMkana hai, unameM devakoSThikAnoM meM prastuta prAkRtiyAM, pakSI aura saMgIta-maNDaliyA~ tathA anya alaMkaraNa Alikhita haiN| madala aba kevala tIna baca rahe haiM, unameM do para to eka-eka nArI-saMgItakAra utkIrNa hai aura eka para eka mRdaMga-vAdaka / nArI-saMgItakAra sa~karI colI aura kasA skarTa aura pAjAmA pahane hai, usakA laMbA, patalA z2arIdAra uttarIya kaMdhoM se hokara DhIlI gA~Tha meM ba~dhA huA pairoM taka calA AyA hai| mRdaMgavAdaka ke aMkana meM bhI chaha koNoM ke paTakA sahita jAmA aura aTapaTI pagar3I ke rUpa meM muslima-prabhAva spaSTa hai| staMbha-zIrSoM para cAroM prastAra AdhArita haiM jinapara stUpI kI yojanA hai| maNDapa kyoMki jaina maMdira kA hai ata: zilpI ne usapara aMkana ke lie viSaya-vastu tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana se lI hai| paTTiyoM meM jana-samUha calate hue aMkita haiM jinameM gajArohI, azvArohI, zivikAdhArI, padAti, azvoM aura vRSabhoM dvArA khIMceM jAte ratha, uSTroM para baiThe Dhola bajAte aura prazvoM para baiThe bherI bajAte manuSya aMkita haiM (citra 264 k)| sAdhuoM ko upadeza dete eka AcArya kA dRzya bhI suMdara bana par3A hai / paTTikAoM ke Upara eka 46 seNTImITara UMcI aSTakoNIya stUpI (citra 264 kha) kI saMyojanA hai jisake aMtarbhAga para paMktibaddha vRttAkAroM kA alaMkaraNa hai| stUpI kA bahirbhAga aisA pratIta hotA 1 goyeja (eca). 'da posTa-meDievala skalpacarsa oNfa gujarAta', buleTina praoNfa baDodA myUjiyama eNDa pikcara gailarI, bar3audA. 1947-48, 5, bhAga 1-2, rekhAcitra 2. 2 andhAre (esa ke). 'peNTeDa vuDana maNDapa phraoNma gujarAta', buleTina praoNfa va priMsa praoNfa velsa myUjiyama maoNfa vesTarna iNDiyA, 7, baMbaI. 1959-62, 41-45 aura citra 29 se 33 sI taka. 445

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 1 hai jaise vaha koI pAdapITha ho, usapara Upara kI ora kramaza: laghutara hote sopAnoM-kI-sI saMyojanA ke aMtargata laghu deva-koSThikAnoM meM gajalakSmI kI AkRti aura pUrNa-kuMbhoM ke aMkana haiM / caudaha svapnoM aura anya maMgala-cihnoM ke pAlekhana bhI haiN| yaha maNDapa nizcita rUpa se akabara ke samaya kA, arthAt 1600 I0 kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa mAnyatA kA AdhAra hai-veza-bhUSA aura zilpAMkana kI shailii| bar3audA saMgrahAlaya aura citra-vIthi, bar3audA meM bhI eka suMdara kASTha-nirmita gaha-maMdira hai|| goyetz2a ne vizvAsapUrvaka likhA hai ki vAstava meM yaha maNDapa bhar3auMca-kSetra ke kisI dhanADhya jaina vyApArI ke AvAsa-gRha kA eka bhAga thaa| yaha 6.6 mITara laMbA 3.3 mITara caur3A aura 3.1 mITara UMcA hai| vaha chaha staMbhoM aura do bhitti-staMbhoM para AdhArita hai aura aba cAroM ora se khulA hai| 3.3 mITara ke cAra toraNoM para AdhArita vargAkAra pITha para eka aSTakoNIya bhAga hai jisapara madhyavartI stUpI kI saMyojanA hai| donoM paMktiyoM kI chateM samatala haiN| staMbhoM kI caukiyAM bahuta uttarakAlIna muslimazailI kI haiM aura unake zIrSa uttarakAlIna gujarAtI zailI ke| bhitti-staMbhoM para kevala kamala-maNDaloM kI saghana paMktiyA~ haiN| madhyavartI stUpI ke cAroM ora saMyojita toraNoM para zilpAMkita paTTiyA~ haiM jina para jaina paurANika kathAe~ aMkita haiM, jaise pArzvavartI chatoM para vibhinna zailiyoM aura kAloM ke alaMkaraNa haiM jinameM eka mayUra hai / anya chatoM para kevala eka prAkRti-paTTI hai jisameM lakSmI yA aMbikA kA aMkana hai| alaMkRta zailI meM utkIrNa kamala-paMkhur3iyoM se bane do vRttAkAroM para nirmita madhyavartI stUpI para bar3I saMkhyA meM alaga-alaga mUrtiyA~ aura zilpAMkana-paTTiyA~ utkIrNa haiM, unameM se kucha to maulika rUpa se thIM aura kucha bAda meM jor3I gayI haiN| inameM sAmAnya alaMkaraNa hI duharAye gaye haiM, jaise saMgItavAdya bajAtI huI deviyA~, nAriyA~, jana-samUha (citra 265 ka), dikpAla, apsarAe~ aura divya nartaka-nartakiyA~, jaina sAdhuoM kI pUjA (citra 265 kha) Adi / isa maNDapa ke nirmANa meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai kyoMki isameM samaya-samaya para parivartana, jIrNoddhAra aura saMvardhana hote rahe aura inameM bhI eka ne dUsare ke rUpa-nirdhAraNa meM maulika prabhAva chodd'aa| pUre maNDapa ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai--pahale nirmita huA garbhAlaya vAlA bhAga jo solahavIM zatI ke uttarArdha aura satrahavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha kI kRti hai; aura zeSa bhAga jisakA nirmANa unnIsavIM zatI ke sAtaveM yA pAThaveM dazaka meM bar3audA ke mahArAjA khANDe rAva (1856-70 I0) aura mahArAjA malhAra rAva (1870-75 I0) ke zAsanakAla meM huaa| pASANa se yA kASTha se nirmita pratyeka jaina maMdira ke cAroM ora sAmAnyataH prAcIra hotA hai jisake aMtarbhAga para tIrthaMkaroM ke devakoSTha banAye jAte haiM / isa prakAra varSA aura pAnI se maMdira ke mukhya bhAga kI surakSA ho jAtI hai| isa pravRtti kA vizeSa lAbha yaha huA ki kucha kASTha-nirmita maMdira vAtAvaraNa kI pratAr3anA se bace rahe aura ve Aja bhI hamAre samakSa vidyamAna haiN| 1 goyez2a (eca). 'e maoNnyUmeNTa oNfa aolDa gujarAtI buDa skalpacara', buleTina mAfa da bar3audA myUjiyama eNDa pikcara gailarI, 6, bhAga 1-2. 1950. bar3audA. pR2. 446

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adhyAya 32] kASTha-zilpa hindU maMdira kI hI bhA~ti jaina maMdira ke do bhAga hote haiM-maNDapa, jisameM bhakta ekatra hote haiM aura mukhya maMdira arthAt garbhAlaya jisameM iSTadeva kI sthApanA hotI hai| inameM se maNDapa mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki pASANa tathA kASTha para kalA ke bhavya aura vividha zilpAMkanoM ko paryApta sthAna vahIM milatA hai| jArja vATa kI dhAraNA to yahA~ taka banI ki 'alaMkaraNa kI kalA kA vyAkaraNa vAstava meM kevala kASTha-zilpa ke adhyayana se hI likhA jA sakatA hai, aura jo yaha saMyoga bana par3A hai ki kASTha-zilpI aura pASANa-zilpI eka hI jAti ke hote haiM vaha isa tathya kI aura bhI puSTi karatA hai ki eka prakAra ke zilpa ne dUsare prakAra ke zilpa ko jaba-taba svarUpa pradAna kiyA, aura yaha tathya bhI koI bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai|" jaina maMdira kA nirmANa adhikatara kisI eka hI madhyama zreNI ke dhanika vyakti ke dAna se huA hotA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki ye kRtiyAM sAdhAraNataH laghu AkAra kI haiM aura unameM vaha AnupAtika bhavyatA nahIM A sakI hai jo eka deva-prAsAda meM honI caahie| yadyapi isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jainoM ne sAja-sajjA ko apane AvAsa-gRhoM meM hI adhika sthAna diyA jabaki mahattva ve maMdira ko hI adhika dete rhe| maNDapa kI saMyojanA paMktibaddha staMbhoM para hotI hai, ve toraNoM aura dharanoM ko Azraya dete haiM jinapara vistRta alaMkaraNa hote haiM aura unapara suMdara surucipUrNa zilpAMkita stUpI AdhArita hotI hai / maNDapa meM sarvatra niraMtara zilpAMkana hote haiN| samAna aMtara para sthita aura toraNoM se paraspara-saMbaddha bAraha staMbhoM para eka vRttAkAra stUpI kI saMyojanA hotI hai / madala-sahita zIrSa aura baDeriyA~ bAda meM banAye jAne lage jinhoMne bhavana kI sthApatya saMbaMdhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti to kI hI, kASTha para suMdara zilpAMkana ke lie atyaMta upayukta sthAna bhI upalabdha kraayaa| pATana kA vAdi-pArzvanAtha-maMdira eka sarvottama kASTha-kalAkRti hai jo aba nyUyaoNrka ke meTropaoNliTana saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| lagabhaga 1860 I0 meM jaba barjesa aura kaz2insa ne uttarI gujarAta ke purAvazeSoM kA sarvekSaNa kiyA taba yaha 1564 I0 kI kalAkRti pATana ke jhaverIvADa mohalle meM thI, bAda meM use meTropaoNliTana saMgrahAlaya ne prApta kara liyaa| isameM chata ke sthAna para eka 3.4 mITara U~cI stUpI hai jisakA vyAsa 3.3 mITara hai| usapara AkRtiyoM se aMkita vRttAkAroM kI caturdika paMktiyA~ aura alaMkaraNoM kI paTTiyA~ haiM aura usake aMtarbhAga ke madhya meM eka kamalAkAra lolaka banAyA gayA hai| aMtarbhAga meM cAroM ora samAna aMtara para saMyojita AThoM madaloM para prAkRtiyA~ haiN| inameM nArI-saMgIta-maNDaliyA~ aura nartakiyA~ haiM aura prati do madaloM ke madhya eka anucaroM-sahita pAsIna 1 jArja vATa. iNDiyana ArTa eTa DelhI. 1903. dillI. pR 100. 2 barjesa (jemsa) aura kaz2insa (henarI). di pAkiTekcarala eNTikviTIja paoNfa nArdana gujarAta, praoNkyaoNlaoNjikala sarve praoNfa iNDiyA, nyU impIriyala sIrIja, 9, 1903. laMdana. 1 49. 447

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 puruSa-mUrti hai / ye prAToM divapAla haiM / stUpI ke nIce use Azraya dene ke lie aMtarbhAga meM cAra chajjedAra gavAkSoM kI saMyojanA hai jinapara atyaMta sUkSma zilpAMkana (citra 266) huA hai| usake nIce bhittimUla kI bhA~ti cAroM ora eka paTTI hai, usapara saMyojita devakoSThoM meM saMgIta-maNDaliyoM aura nartaka-nartakiyoM ke tathA usake nIce haMsa aura anya alaMkaraNa aMkita haiN| mUrtiyAM jaina mAnyatA hai ki dIkSA se eka varSa pUrva eka bAra jaba vardhamAna apane sthAna para hI dhyAnamagna the taba, arthAta unake jIvanakAla meM hI, unakI eka caMdana-kASTha kI mUrti banAyI gyii| yaha eka anuzruti hai aura isake rahate hue bhI aisA kabhI aura kahIM nahIM huA ki kASTha-nirmita eka bhI tIthaMkaramUrti prApta huI ho ; phira yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai ki tIrthaMkara-mUrti kASTha se banatI-banatI pASANa yA kAMsya se kaba banane lgii| kintu jo tIrthaMkara-pUjA meM vizvAsa karate haiM unheM isa prazna kA samAdhAna milate dera na lagegI ki kASTha-nirmita mUrti kI pUjA kA niSedha kyoM kiyA gyaa| jala aura dugdha se prakSAla aura caMdana-carcaNa aise anuSThAna haiM jinake kAraNa pUjA ke lie kASTha-nirmita mUrti upayukta nahIM mAnI jA sktii| kintu anya deva-deviyoM tathA sthApatya ke aMga ke rUpa meM saMyojita mUrtiyA~ avazya kASTha se banatI rahIM, isIlie vibhinna saMgrahAlayoM aura nijI saMgrahoM meM aisI aneka mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| aisI adhikAMza mUrtiyA~ jaina maNDapoM, AvAsa-gRhoM aura maMdiroM ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM satrahavIM se unnIsavIM zatI taka saMyojita hotI rahIM, isake pahale bhI huIM para aba ve prApta nahIM hotI kyoMki kASTha prakRti se hI isase adhika samaya taka akSata nahIM raha sktaa| aisI sabhI kalAkRtiyoM meM ye vizeSatAe~ samAna rUpa se prApta hotI haiM : 1-samAna upayoga ke lie nirmita pASANa kI mUrtiyoM kI apekSA ye AkAra meM laghutara hotI haiM; 2-apane mUla sthAna se pRthak ho jAne para ye prAyaH sabhI aisI pratIta hotI haiM mAno inheM pRthak yA svataMtra rUpa se hI gar3hA gayA ho; 3-inake zilpAMkana kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki inakA jo pArzva sthApatya ke kisI aMga se jur3A rahatA hai use paryApta samatala nahIM banAyA jAtA; 4-sAdhAraNataH inapara raMga kara diyA jAtA hai; aura 5-ye gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke hI kisI bhAga meM prApta hotI haiM isalie inameM vahA~ kI kSetrIya vizeSatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| isa kSetra ke zuSka vAtAvaraNa ne inheM aba taka surakSita rahane meM sahAyatA kI / ina tathyoM kA vizleSaNa karane ke lie hama yahA~ kucha jaina kASThamUrtiyoM kI carcA kreNge| prAyaH sabhI jaina maNDapoM para nArI-mUrtiyoM ke saMdara zilpAMkana hote haiM, ve yA to vividha saMgItavAdya bajA rahI hotI haiM (rekhAcitra 26) yA nRtya kI vividha mudrAoM meM hotI haiM (citra 268) / 1 (zAha) umAkAMta premAnaMda. sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa.' 4-5. bauddhoM meM bhI eka aisI hI anuzruti hai, prAnaMdakumAra kumArasvAmI. hisTrI paoNfa iNDiyana eNDa iNDoneziyana mArTa. 1965. nyUyArka. 43. 448

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adhyAya 32 ] kASTha-zilpa ina saMdariyoM meM pAyala bA~dhatI nRtyAMganA kI mUrtiyoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai (rekhAcitra 27) / kabhIkabhI koI laghu AkRti kisI bar3I prAkRti ke anukaraNa para usake pairoM ke pAsa banAyI gayI hai (citra 266 ka) yA kahIM koI mAtA apane zizu ko bhArata meM pracalita DhaMga ke anusAra goda meM liye dikhAI gayI hai (citra 266 kh)| jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, adhikatara sabhI mUrtiyA~ raMgI huI thIM aura kucha para to aba bhI raMga ke cihna baca rahe haiN| yadyapi inakA nirmANa vibhinna maNDapoM ke aMgoM ke rUpa meM huA thA tathApi ye vRttAkAra meM banAyI gyiiN| unake pRSTha-bhAga para vaha cikkaNatA nahIM hai jo inake agrabhAga para lAyI gyii| A asupaanema *eso paNa rekhAcitra 26. gujarAta : kASTha-zilpa, nArI-saMgItakAra rekhAcitra 27. gujarAta : kASTha-zilpa, pAyala bA~dhatI nRtyAMganA kASTha-nirmita maMdiroM ke aMgoM ke rUpa meM banAyI gayIM evaM aba unase pRthaka ho gayIM AyatAkAra paTTiyA~ aura bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM kyoMki unase samakAlIna jIvana kI jhA~kI milatI hai / aisI hI eka paTTI para jaina sAdhuoM (unake muMha para muMhapaTTI ba~dhI dikhAI gayI hai) kA vividha vastue~ bheMTa karate hue gramINoM dvArA kiyA jAtA sammAna dikhAyA gayA hai (citra 300 k)| usa paTTI ke nIce dAyeM koNa para eka azvArohI isa anuSThAna ko dekhatA huA aMkita hai aura bahuta se anya bhakta hAtha jor3akara sAdhanoM kI bhakti karate hue dikhAye gaye haiN| eka vyakti mAlA dhAraNa kiye hai to 449

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citrAMkana evaM kASTha-zilpa [ bhAga 7 dUsarA usake pArzva meM khar3A pUrNa-kuMbha aura japa-mAlA liye hai, nIce ke dAyeM koNa para do kuttoM ke aMkana se isa samUce dRzya meM svAbhAvikatA kA saMcAra ho gayA hai / , yaha ullekhanIya hai ki kASTha-nirmita jaina paTTiyoM meM jana-samUha ke sAtha bailagAr3iyA~' prAyaH dikhAI jAtI haiM (citra 300 kha) / ye bailagAr3iyA~ sadA pUrI sAvadhAnI se utkIrNa kI gayI hotI haiM aura baila calate hue dikhAye jAte haiM aura unake Age-pIche calatI huI kucha AkRtiyA~ bhI aMkita hotI haiN| prAcIna kAla meM yAtrA kA eka aura sAdhana thA pAlakI, jo vizeSa rUpa se rAjaparivAra ke sadasyoM dvArA upayoga meM lAyI jAtI thI, ina paTTiyoM para usakA bhI aMkana huA hai| yahA~ jisa paTTI kA citra diyA gayA hai (citra 300 ga) usameM eka rAja-daMpati ko pAlakI meM baiThA dikhAyA gayA hai| usake mAge gajArohI aura pIche azvArohI cala rahe haiM jisase prakaTa hotA hai ki ukta daMpati vAstava meM rAjA aura rAnI haiN| apanA bhAra saMtulita banAye rakhane ke lie rAjA ne kisI vastu ko jora se pakar3a rakhA hai| isa citraNa se zilpakAra kI sUkSma dRSTi kI abhivyakti hotI hai| pAlakI le jAne vAloM ke aMkana meM bhI svAbhAvikatA kA itanA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai jitanA anya meM nahIM rakhA jaataa| kucha dina pUrva, baMbaI ke eka prasiddha kalApArakhI zrI haridAsa ke0 svAlI ne eka atyaMta ullekhanIya paTTI prApta kI hai jisameM neminAtha kI vara-yAtrA kA citraNa haA hai| yaha 2.28 mITara laMbI aura 25 seNTImITara U~cI hai aura usapara ke raMga kI eka moTI parata aba bhI baca rahI hai| bAyeM se dAyeM usapara do azvArohI aura eka bailagAr3I, turahI aura Dhola bajAne vAle, donoM hAthoM meM mAlAe~ dhAraNa kiye aura nArI-prAkRtiyoM se ghirA rAjaparivAra kA eka sadasya, vivAha-maNDapa, AvAsa-gRha kA dRzya, pazu aura vivAha-bhoja ke lie miSThAnna pakAye jAne ke dRzya aMkita haiN| vivAha-maNDapa meM eka-ke-Upara eka rakhe maMgala-ghaTa, baMdanavAra aura havana kI agni kA dRzya atyaMta rocaka bana par3A hai aura usase pATana (gujarAta) kI solahavIM-satrahavIM zatI kI eka jhAMkI milatI hai, jaba aura jahA~ isa paTTI kA nirmANa huA hogaa| khAdya-padArthoM kI taiyArI kA eka anya dRzya bhI bahuta manoraMjaka hai / prAga para rakhI kar3AhI meM kisI vastu ko TAlane meM do vyakti vyasta haiM jaba ki eka aura vyakti pAsa meM rakhI AlamArI se cupacApa miSThAnna curAtA hayA dikhAyA gayA hai| niSkarSa uparya kta carcA se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina kASTha-zilpa kA kSetra aura usakI vividhatA kitanI vyApaka hai| usase hameM usa kAla ke sAmAjika itihAsa ke punanirdhAraNa meM hI sahAyatA nahIM milatI varan kalA ke itihAsa meM raha gayI kamI kI pUrti bhI hotI hai| ina sabhI zilpAMkanoM se AkAra meM laghu 1 zAha, vahI, pR 5, 8. 450

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adhyAya 32 ] kASTha-zilpa hone para bhI, unakA nirmANa karAne vAle jaina dhanikoM kI abhiruci kA AbhAsa milatA hai jo apane ghara-derAsaroM yA maMdiroM meM upalabdha tila-tila sthAna kA alaMkaraNa humA dekhanA cAhate the| eka mAdhyama ke rUpa meM kASTha ne zilpI ko ucca koTi ke dRzyAMkanoM kA avasara pradAna kiyA aura isa prakAra mAnavatA ke lie ucca koTi kI virAsata ko saMbhAla kara rkhaa| adhikatara dhArmika hote hue bhI ye zilpa hameM tatkAlIna samAja kI vizeSa abhiruciyoM se paricita karAte haiN| kASTha-zilpa meM jainoM ne apane sahagAmI hiMdunoM aura bauddhoM kA netRtva kiyaa| vinoda prakAza dvivedI 451

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bhAga 8 purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota

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adhyAya 33 abhilekhIya sAmagrI jaina dharma ke udbhava-kSetra pUrvI bhArata meM isa dharma ke itihAsa meM prAcInatama utkIrNa abhilekha bhuvanezvara ke samIpa udayagiri pahAr3I para hAthIguMphA kA guphA-abhilekha hai| jisameM anya vRttAMtoM ke sAtha yaha bhI likhA hai ki cedirAja khAravela (dvitIya yA prathama zatI I0 pU0) kaliMga-tIrthakara kI vaha mUrti apanI rAjadhAnI meM punaH le AyA jise naMdarAja magadha le gayA thaa| usI pahAr3I para utkIrNa anya abhilekhoM meM vRttAMta hai ki khAravela ke parivAra ke zAsakIya aura rAjakIya stara ke vyaktiyoM ne usa pahAr3I para jaina muniyoM ke AvAsa ke lie guphAe~ bnvaayiiN| ilAhAbAda jile ke pabhosA meM prApta usI kAla ke do abhilekhoM meM kahA gayA hai ki kAzyapIya arahaMtoM (arthAt ve jaina sAdhu jo kAzyapa yA vardhamAna ke anuyAyI the) ke AvAsa ke lie ASADha sena ne eka guphA bnvaayii| IsavI san ke prAraMbha meM jaina dharma kA eka keMdra uttara pradeza meM mathurA thaa| vAstava meM isa nagara ke kaMkAlI-TIlA nAmaka kSetra meM mUlataH aneka jaina bhavana the jinameM eka stUpa bhI thaa| isa kSetra meM prApta aneka mUrtiyoM aura bhavanoM ke zilAkhaNDoM para abhilekha utkIrNa haiN| inameM eka mahattvapUrNa AyAga-paTa hai, jisapara do nAriyoM se parivRta eka mahilA kA aMkana hai, isapara (citra 301 ka) utkIrNa hai ki mahAkSatrapa zoDAsa ke bahattaraveM varSa meM kisI AmohinI ne isa AyAga-paTa kA dAna kiyA / yadi yaha bahattaravA~ varSa vikrama saMvat mAnA jAye to isa AyAga-paTa kA kAla 15 I0 mAnA jaayegaa| AyAga-paTa para aMkita mahilA vardhamAna tIrthaMkara kI mAtA rAnI trizalA mAnI gayI hai|' zaka saMvat 54 arthAt 132 I0 ke abhilekha-sahita eka aura suMdara mUrti hai, yaha sarasvatI / sarakAra (dinezacaMdra) selekTa iMskripzaMsa biyariMga maoNna iNDiyana hisTrI eNDa sivalAijezana, 1. 1965. kalakattA. pR 213 tathA paravartI. 2 [dekhiye prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 7.--saMpAdaka.] 3 epigrAphiyA iNDikA, 2, 1893-94, pR 242-243. 4 [dekhie prathama bhAga meM pR 11, pAda Ti04. --saMpAdaka.] 5 [dekhie, prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 6-saMpAdaka.] 6 lyUDarsa (eca). lisTa praoNfa brAhmI iMskripzaMsa. 1912. kramAMka 59. 7 agravAla (vAsudeva zaraNa). e zaoNrTa gAi-buka Tu di maoNka yaoNlaoNjikala sekvAna praoNpha praoNvisiyala myUjiyama, lakhanaU. 1940. ilAhAbAda. pR 5. 455

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [bhAga 8 kI kadAcit sarvaprathama mUrti hai| / stUpa ke samIpavartI kSetra meM tIrthaMkaroM aura vizeSata: vardhamAna kI aneka mUrtiyA~ prApta huI jinapara vibhinna zaka saMvatoM ke abhilekha utkIrNa haiM / mUrti-vijJAna kI dRSTi se una saba meM ekarUpatA hai aura sabake pAdapITha para dharmacakra kA aMkana hai| ina avazeSoM meM eka varga AyAga-paToM arthAt pUjA ke lie prayoga meM Ane vAle zilApaToM kA hai, inameM bhI kucha para abhilekha haiN| gupta kAla meM jaina dharma ko bhArata ke uttarI, pUrvI aura dakSiNa-pUrvI bhAgoM meM bahuta protsAhana nahIM milA / to bhI ina kSetroM kI janatA meM usake anuyAyI niraMtara hote rhe| vidizA ke samIpa durjanapura meM kucha samaya pUrva prApta tIrthaMkaroM kI tIna pASANa-mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa abhilekhoM meM likhA hai ki unakA nirmANa mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta ne karAyA thA jisase na kevala isa AraMbhika gupta-zAsaka kI aitihAsikatA saMpuSTa hotI hai, pratyuta yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki isa kSetra meM isa dharma ko rAjakIya saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| caMdraprabha, puSpadaMta aura padyaprabha kI ye tIrthakara-mUrtiyA~ gupta kalA kI rUr3ha zailI meM nirmita haiM aura cauthI zatI ke aMta meM pracalita isa kalA ke rUpa kA ye acchA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| isa yuga kI jaina kalA-kRtiyoM para prakAza DAlane vAlA eka anya mahattvapUrNa abhilekha vidizA ke samIpa udayagiri pahAr3I para guphA-20 meM utkIrNa hai| usameM kumAragupta ke zAsanakAla kA gupta saMvat 106 (425-26 I0)aMkita hai aura likhA hai ki usa guphA ke agra-bhAga para pArzvanAtha kI phaNAvali-maNDita mUrti (jo aba aprApya hai) sthApita kI gayI (jinavara-pArzva-saMjJikAM jinAkRtim) / ukta zAsanakAla meM hI gupta saMvat 113 (?) se aMkita eka aura abhilekha eka jaina mUrti para utkIrNa hai jo mathurA se prApta huI thI aura aba lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / gorakhapura jile ke kahAU~ nAmaka sthAna para eka bhUre baluA pASANa kA staMbha milA hai jisapara pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM, kadAcita AdinAtha, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI suMdara mUrtiyA~ haiN| usapara skaMdagupta ke zAsanakAla kA gupta saMvat 141 (460-61 I0) kA abhilekha hai| usameM likhA hai ki kisI madra ne Adi-kartAoM yA tIrthaMkaroM kI pA~ca pASANa-mUrtiyA~ sthApita karAyI jo spaSTa rUpa se ve hI haiM jo isa staMbha para aMkita pA~ca devakoSThikAnoM meM utkIrNa haiN| rAjazAhI jilA (bAMglA deza) ke 1 lyUDarsa, vahI, kramAMka 54, [dekhie prathama bhAga meM pR 70, citra 20. --saMpAdaka.] 2 vahI, kramAMka 16, 17, 18, 28 aura 74. 3 [dekhie prathama bhAga meM citra 1, 2 ba, 14, 15 aura 16.--saMpAdaka.] 4 gai (jI esa) epigrAphiyA iNDikA, 28,bhAga 1, janavarI, 1969, 1 46-49. 5 [dekhie prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 12. --saMpAdaka.] 6 phlITa (je efa) iMskripzaMsa oNpha di arlI gupta kiMgja, kArpasa iMskripzanam iNDikeram 3, 1888, kalakattA. pR258 7 bhaNDArakara, (devadatta rAmakRSNa) lisTa praoNpha naoNrtha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa, kramAMka 1268. 8 phlITa, pUrvokta, pR 66-67. 456

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adhyAya 33] abhilekhIya sAmagrI pahAr3apura se prApta gupta saMvat 156 (476 I0) kI tithi se aMkita eka tAmra-paTa-abhilekha meM vRttAMta hai ki vaTa-gohAlI meM eka jaina caityavAsa thA jisameM sthApita deva-arhatoM kI pUjA ke lie eka brAhmaNa ne bhUmi kA dAna kiyA thA aura jisake pramukha kAzI (vArANasI) ke paMca-stUpa-nikAya ke zramaNAcArya guhAnaMdI the| jhA~sI jile ke devagar3ha meM jaina kalA kA jo vizAla bhaNDAra hai usameM aneka kRtiyA~ abhilikhita haiN| yahA~ lagabhaga cAlIsa jaina maMdira aura nauvIM zatI tathA usake bAda kI tithiyoM se aMkita lagabhaga cAra sau abhilekha haiM / inameM pratIhAra rAjA bhoja ke zAsanakAla kA vikrama saMvat 616 aura zaka saMvat 784 (862 I0) kA eka tithyaMkita staMbha-abhilekha hai jisameM lupracchagira (prAdhunika devagar3ha) meM zAMtinAtha-maMdira ke samakSa isa staMbha ke nirmANa aura sthApanA kA vRttAMta hai| isa sthAna ke anya abhilekhoM se hameM jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ ke maMdiroM meM dvAra, staMbha, zAlA aura maNDapa banAye jAte the / vahA~ vibhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA sthApita tIrthaMkaroM aura prAcAryoM kI pAdukAeM (caraNa-cihna) bhI haiN| jaina maMdiroM ke samakSa mAna-staMbha yA pUjArtha staMbha sthApita kiye jAte the jinapara tIrthaMkaroM kI aura anya jaina devatAoM kI laghu prAkRtiyA~ utkIrNa kI jAtI thiiN| devagar3ha ke adhikAMza abhilekha mUrtiyoM ke pAdapIThoM para aMkita haiN| bahuta-sI tIrthakara-mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna unapara utkIrNa lAMchanoM yA paricAyaka-cihnoM se ho jAtI hai, jaise zAMtinAtha kI hiraNa se, mallinAtha kI kalaza se, saMbhavanAtha kI azva se, padmaprabha kI kamala se, AdinAtha kI vRSabha se, Adi / kaI bAra abhilekhoM meM hI tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma RSabha, pArva, caMdraprabha Adi ullikhita hote haiN| eka sarvatobhadra-pratimA para 'caturmukha-sarva-deva-saMgha' kA zIrSaka utkIrNa hai| zIrSakoM-sahita ullekhanIya mUrtiyA~ purudeva, gommaTa, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI devI, sarasvatI aura mAlinI kI haiN| jaina zAstroM meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke yakSa aura yakSI kA vidhAna hai, jinakA yahA~ nAmollekha hA hai| devagar3ha ke mukhya maMdira (kramAMka 12) kI bhittiyoM para jo tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM unake sAtha unakI yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ aura zIrSaka bhI utkIrNa haiN| yadyapi yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yakSiyoM ke ye nAma na to digaMbara-paraMparA ke anurUpa haiM na zvetAMbara-paraMparA ke| isa vizeSatA kA eka upayoga yaha avazya hai ki isase mUrti-vijJAna ke adhyayana meM sahAyatA milatI hai, kyoMki inameM se eka zIrSaka ke sAtha tithi, vikrama saMvat 1126 (1069-70 I0) bhI aMkita hai| yakSiyoM ke utkIrNa nAma ye haiM : 1 dIkSita (ke ena). eMpinAphiyA iNDikA, 20, 1929-30.459-64. 2 [dekhie prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 14. -saMpAdaka.] 3 enuala riporTa praoNna iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1955-56 se 1959-60 evaM 1970-71, (aprakAzita); enuala praoNgresa riporTa, praoNyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNiyA, naoNrdarna sarkala, 1915, 1916, 1918. 4 [digaMbara aura zvetAMbara paraMparAoM ke anusAra inakI nAmAvalI ke lie dekhie prathama bhAga meM pu 15-17. -saMpAdaka.] 457

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya khota [ bhAga 8 bhagavatI sarasvatI (abhinaMdana); sulocanA (padmaprabha); mayUravAhinI (supArzvanAtha); sumAlinI (caMdraprabha); bahurUpI (puSpadaMta); zrIyAdevI (zItala); vahnI (zreyAMsa); abhaMgaratina (AbhogaratnA?), (vAsupUjya); sulakSaNA (vimala); anaMtavIryA (anaMta); surakSitA (dharma); zrIyAdevI (zAMti); pAkarabbi (kuMthu); tArAdevI (ara); himAvatI (malli); siddhai (munisuvrata); hayavaI (nami); aura aparAjitA (vrdhmaan)| isake sAtha hI, yakSiyoM ke utkIrNa nAma aise bhI haiM jo yathAzAstra haiN| jaina dharma kisI sImA taka gvAliyara ke kacchapaghAta vaMza ke rAjyakAla meM bhI calatA rhaa| isakI saMpuSTi eka abhilekha se hotI hai| jo vikrama saMvat 1034 (977 I0) meM rAjA vajradAman ke rAjyakAla meM gvAliyara meM nirmita eka mUrti ke pAdapITha para utkIrNa hai / bharatapura jile ke bayAnA kA eka jaina maMdira praba masajida ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai jisake eka staMbha para vikrama saMvat 1100 (1044 I.) kA rAjA vijayAdhirAja (vijayapAla ?) ke zAsanakAla kA eka abhilekha2 utkIrNa hai| morenA jile meM dUbakuNDa ke eka dhvasta maMdira meM vikrama saMvat 1145 (1088 I.) kA eka abhilekha hai / kacchapaghAta rAjavaMza ke aMtima rAjakumAra vikramasiMha ke samaya ke isa abhilekha meM likhA hai ki yaha maMdira atyaMta uttuMga thA aura gAr3he cUne se putA huA thA (vrsudhaa-saandr-drvaapaannddurm)| usameM caMdra-cihnAMkita tIrthakara caMdraprabha aura paMkajavAsinI arthAt kamala para AsIna zrutadevatA arthAt vidyA kI devI zveta-padamAsanA (brAhmaNa sarasvatI se usakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai) kA bhI ullekha hai| kalacuriyoM ke rAjyakAla meM jainoM ke apane maMdira aura mUrtiyA~ thIM, yaha tathya jabalapura jile ke baharIbaMda meM sthita zAMtinAtha kI vizAla khaDgAsana-pratimA se pramANita hotA hai| bArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha ke zAsaka gayAkarNa ke samaya utkIrNa kiye gaye usa mUrti ke abhilekha meM vRttAMta hai ki zAMtinAtha kA eka suMdara maMdira banavAyA gayA aura eka atisuMdara tathA atidhavala (mahAzveta) chata (vitAna) kA nirmANa kiyA gayA jo spaSTataH mUti ke Upara rahI hogaa| khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha maMdira meM caMdela zAsaka dhaMga ke kAla meM utkIrNa abhilekha se prastuta adhyayana ke lie koI vizeSa vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotA; kintu usameM sthApita eka mati para utkIrNa 1 janarala maoNpha di eziyATika sosAyaTI praoNpha baMgAla, 31. 1882.1 393. 2 iNDiyana eNTikverI, 14, 1885, pR 10. 3 epigrAfiyA iNDikA, 2.1 237 tathA paravartI. 4 mirAzI (vAsudeva viSNu). iMskripzaMsa maoNfa da kalacuri cedi airA, kaoNrpasa iMskripzanam iNDikeram, 4. 1955. uTakamaNDa pa 310-11. 5 epimAphiyA iNDikA, 1, 1892. pR 135-36. 458

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adhyAya 33 ] abhilekhIya sAmagrI abhilekha se spaSTa hotA hai ki vaha tIrthakara saMbhavanAtha kI hai| madhya pradeza ke vibhinna sthAnoM para upalabdha aneka uttara-madhyakAlIna mUrtiyoM ke pAdapIThoM para tithi-sahita abhilekha utkIrNa haiN| ina abhilekhoM meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA ke vRttAMta hote haiN| udAharaNa ke lie, zivapurI jile ke gUdara meM prApta vikrama saMvat 1206 (1146 I.) ke eka abhilekha meM zAMtinAtha, kuMthunAtha aura aranAtha kI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kA ullekha hai| morenA jile ke dhanacA meM aisI aneka mUrtiyA~ haiM jinake pAdapITha para unakI pratiSThA kI tithi aMkita hai, jaise--vikrama saMvat 1390 (1333 I0) caitra zukla 15, guruvAra / gvAliyara ke uttarakAlIna tomaravaMza ke rAjyakAla meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva bar3hA / isakA pramANa gvAliyara kI mUrtiyoM ke pAdapIThoM para aMkita una abhilekhoM se milatA hai jinameM se eka rAjA DUMgarasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM vikrama saMvat 1510 (1453 I0)3 meM aura kucha kIrtisiMha ke zAsanakAla meM vikrama saMvat 1525 (1468 I0) Adi meM utkIrNa kiye gye| kAMgar3A jile ke kIragrAma ke ziva-vaidyanAtha-maMdira meM prApta eka khaNDita jaina mUrti ke pAdapITha para utkIrNa eka abhilekha meM vikrama saMvat 1266 (1240 I.) kI tithi aMkita hai| aura usameM likhA hai ki mUlabiMba ke rUpa meM yaha pratimA kIragrAma meM hI mahAvIra-maMdira meM pratiSThita kI gyii| yaha pAdapITha aba eka ziva-maMdira meM hai, ataH ho sakatA hai ki yaha apane mUla maMdira se lAyA gayA ho jo aba naSTa ho cukA ho / gujarAta aura rAjasthAna bhI jaina dharma ke mahAn keMdra the, isa kSetra meM jaina kRtiyoM ke aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| svastika, bhadrAsana, mIna-yugala' Adi vizeSa jaina pratIkoM se aMkita eka jaina guphA meM utkIrNa rudrasiMha ke dvitIya zatAbdI ke jUnAgar3ha abhilekha se aura RSabha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM sahita DhAMka kI sAtavIM zatI kI jaina guphAoM se saMketa milatA hai ki gajarAta-kSetra meM jaina dharma pahale se pracalita thaa| pratIhAra rAjA kukkUka ne vikrama saMvata 618 (861 I0) meM jodhapura ke samIpa ghaTiyAlA meM eka jaina maMdira banavAyA thaa| tathApi mukhyataH 1 dvivedI (eca vI). gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha. 1947. gvAliyara. kramAMka 72. 2 vahI, kramAMka 196-210. 3 vahI, pR 276-277. 4 vahI, pR. 291-302. 5 epigrAphiyA iNDikA, 1. pR 97 tathA paravartI, 119. 6 [dekhie prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 8-saMpAdaka.] 7 di eja oNfa iMpIriyala yUniTI, saMpAdaka-majUmadAra ramezacaMdra aura pusAlakara (e DI), 1960. baMbaI, pR418 meM ghATagI (e ema). 8 ghATagI, vahI, [dekhie prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 13. -saMpAdaka.] 9 jarnala mAfa da raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, 1895. pR 516. 459

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 cAlukya zAsakoM aura unake adhikAriyoM ke prazraya ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma una kSetroM meM apanA prabhAva kevala gyArahavIM zatI ke prAraMbha se hI baddhamUla kara skaa| aura usake bAda to zatiyoM taka usa vistRta kSetra meM dilavAr3A, acalagar3ha, zatrujaya, sarotrA, tAraMgA, giranAra, jAlora, udayapura, jayapura pAlItAnA, pAlI, nADalaI, rANakapura Adi jaise kalA-vaibhava ke lie vikhyAta sthAnoM para aneka mahattvapUrNa jaina pratiSThAnoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| jaina smArakoM se samRddha ina tathA anya sthAnoM para gyArahavIM se aThArahavIM zatI taka kI vibhinna tithiyoM se aMkita aneka abhilekha utkIrNa kiye gaye jinake vyavasthita adhyayana se gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke jaina smArakoM ke itihAsa kA eka samUcA citra sAmane AtA hai| ukta kathana kI saMpuSTi ke lie anupama udAharaNa hai vaha prasiddha jaina maMdira-samUha jo pAbU meM sthita hai, jisakA apane sArthaka nAma dilavAr3A (deva-kula-vATaka) ke rUpa meM prasiddha honA tarkasaMgata hai| vimala-vasati, lUNA-vasati, pittalahara-maMdira, caturmukha yA kharatara-vasati aura mahAvIra svAmImaMdira nAmaka pA~ca prasiddha zvetAMbara-maMdiroM meM aneka aise abhilekha haiM jinase ina maMdiroM ke nirmANa, navInIkaraNa, saMvardhana aura unameM mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA aura pratiSThA ke viSaya meM vistRta aura tithisahita sUcanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| isa prakAra, yahA~ ke abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vimala-vasahikA kA nirmANa aura AdinAtha ke lie usakI pratiSThA vikrama saMvat 1088 (1031-32 I0) meM huI thii| isa maMdira kI hastizAlA meM AdinAtha ke samavasaraNa kI sthApanA vikrama saMvat 1212(1155-56 I.)2 meM huI thI, isa vasahikA kA navInIkaraNa tIna bAra meM arthAt vikrama saMvat 1206 (1146 I.), vikrama saMvat 1308 (1251-52) aura vikrama saMvat 1378 (1321-22 I0)3 meM huA thA (citra 341kha) aura aneka laghu garbhAlayoM athA devakoSThoM kA nirmANa aura mUrtiyoM kI (pRthak-pRthak aura sAmUhika yA mUrti-paTToM ke rUpa meM)sthApanA isa maMdira ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM zatiyoM taka hotI rhii| laNA-vasahikA ke eka abhilekha meM4 vikrama saMvat 1287 (1230-31) meM usakI pratiSThA kA vRttAMta hai aura isa maMdira kA vivaraNa ina zabdoM meM hai : tejaHpAla iti kSitIndra-sacivaH zaMkhojjvalAbhiH zilAzreNIbhiH sphUradindu-kunda-ruciraM nemiprabhomandiram / uccairmaNDapamagrato jinavarAvAsa-dvipaMcAzatam tatpAdveSu balAnakaM ca purato niSpAdayAmAsivAn / / . 1 zrI-arbuda-prAcIma-jaina-lekha saMboha, 2. kramAMka 1. 2 vahI, kramAMka 229. 3 vahI, kramAMka 72, 184,36. 4 vahI, kramAMka 250. 460

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adhyAya 33] abhilekhIya sAmagrI PApara AIATS lm q khl` b tnzyG Story HTTExuTE (ka) mathurA : zoDAsa ke rAjya kAla kA eka abhilekha, varSa 72 (pAnIpravejalaganA mAnAnalapAdArapAli RSHACINSAHdavAyAdArAmAmAmAkanAzagayaraRTAL nayarAmAlAmAla SALAABEEMARAlamAnayAdArAdhyADavAlAvA zrInivAsa rAmAnuzAlakAsamA rArAtAlakamamA HARPITIESliyAmA ranAmasakalaDAdavarAva rAmyavasAyAcArAmArAvayAlayama dAna- pAlakAnArAmatIparAsasamatAna ( HINDIdavanazpajAmavAsamAdhAnAvaralayarAtamAyArAjasAgamanAzakAravayA FARPqAyArAnAvasvara-sAnAdhamalAsthAnApAsasamAvadArasAvakArAlA bAganAunajAmatamAlakAnAvarAyAmA TAvAdadarapatismAdayaviyavAna mArulakA masalakarArakAvAranAzanAyAlayAlA anhaiaTOASTRUEOnAgAvasyA/mAdidAyAjAdhikAraTAbApharUpanaraparakArAnAlaspAyavAdalA pAhAmAyAnagarapApiyAmAsamatAvAdaERIEdayAmAta zAyarAmAdhAna CANUARE PRES-malamAsa pradhAnalaya nayA sApAvaravadananagalanAmAhavAmAnAkaravAkAlanA garamA nakAzAlamerikhavAna tArivArisitArAmadAsAnAyAyamApanAvamadAtA pratApana jarAdApanA sapA sadAmAtA vA rAvatImAmAlamaTana mAla vAsanadhayadanagara yA dAmanA pavanayAlAdApurakApatirakapAtasyAnArAkA 1.50HREETrAmAyakamidamArAmAna valayAvira meTalIkapadavImapAlAzyAnapAvadhAnAnapArAnadhanAvarAraMbhakArayAkA rojavanamAninAmanizAnakAranA ugadakatAramApati nidAnanagrADavAyanamAThArahAmAvayavAlAmAla R ad02gamAvatAta lasanAmihAnamaniyAmAvadavapAdakApazavAravAlapadenadAnastApakarAyAekarA 4 tAsaRIEEURRE(mahAkanAbhAdArAva sansadirApuracAradhAmanakanAmAsamA hADAsayumanaanudAmA nayAka ha rasaratAmAgurunagarapadalakasatAnAmanarajaHsalyAnADalAnimananayasanAyana lipapa samAsAde gAdesara UlavaranAmAlaganAunammadarasTAphamA dimAna- rAtamA ninAvarAtItapamuvatakataranAkyAmaudavArakaramalAranAyaramamA PandavsanavyAnalakAdayAnadharmamA damana mAlAgAsavagagalattAkanavaratAmasAilAjAra mAyanina saMtakamalanisabhAgAlAvivAdakAlApurakApamapAdAparabAiksahamalAva jayama nArAyAnanIya sadayAvadAnAsAladAya zastapAlamutADAsanAlAmAla himAnimityanta mahAmanirapamidAsvaramaga tadevIpaudinamAjaTAjatanamAnAyalAumA gayakA sahAyAnAlAmAla sarakArasanA vANAkAlikAlinAlAlapaNayAnA zAsanAsa umararsa vidha vimAnamAya vAsarAlA mAdA manuvAdita jamalamurayAputarasatAnA mAnA AREFTATHIHIvaghyA samAdhAna nijalagAnabharapAmA sustI kAmAvatArAsapA hAriphta madirA kAraAmA mAlinIjamarAmadAtA diDa yugatAna pArasyavaDAhAmA sitavidizacimanirAmajaparakAspaTamArAvamApanAvamA maharA nAganiarchAtanAvaralAla grovAmAna HTMsamaniyamitamAmAnAmAsamakamAravAsArAlamA (kha) mAuNTa AbU : vimala-vasahi-maMdira kA eka abhilekha, vikrama saMvat 1378 citra 301 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 kurikyAla : zailotkIrNa cakrezvarI aura usake nIce abhilekha citra 302 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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abhilekhIya sAmagrI 556 at : Tr-f;? #T ful, # | $ 16 .* PSam(aphai'khava P771) khu r ng fa 303 ckpcME k jknmaa: pwng laapii: yeni Labelskoleskeltflycansefeleri amzuzeekucikin file calendalergologiske skamfullpacakandi nc / a9rrorkpprpp (Born againg Hsnkttphttksnny // aleaang:mng:saa: kiu Peloop van het feiseeflfee3x Poule led correctes.Sellingesugeen with and Engazwa maeleket kaping in the widget Aboubar wars R302 sprosakopona legegifma rfaran lenigelisahalgse cookies fagorge usucalaureus e mentkort Free 4pii:gnttrkprc Pagore Room asc alan ahk rng: lng: klnny: chklkrng wng aphc re:saa:khai'ppc ncscattk nge ystetur h o wngak aphai' Oferuhenkilzegezegd would be lapilom obrtap-ngopereze generalnega agresszeegemaak t droge 44 33 ]

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [bhAga 8 (ka) tirunAthArakuNru : va? juttu lipi meM abhilekha LOCase pravad VY/piTakana tithala pATha samAtI upavidA (kha) zravaNabelagolA : gommaTezvara kI mati ke pAzvoM meM utkIrNa abhilekha citra 304 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 33] abhilekhIya sAmagrI eka anya abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa maMdira-samUha ke neminAtha-mahAtIrtha kA nirmANa maMtrI tejapAla ne vikrama saMvat 1257 (1200-1201 I0) meM karAyA thA, anya abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usI ne usa maMdira meM aneka upa-garbhAlayoM tathA devakulikAoM kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thaa| eka tIsare abhilekha ke anusAra vikrama saMvat 1263 (1236-37 I0) meM lUNA-vasahikA meM bahuta se upa-garbhAlayoM tathA devakulikAoM kA nirmANa huA tathA aura bhI mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI gyiiN| isI abhilekha meM likhA hai ki zatraMjaya, jAvAlipUra, tAraNagar3ha, aNahillapUra, vIjApUra lATApallI, prahlAdanapura, nAgapura aura svayaM prarbadAcala ke jaina maMdiroM meM bhI isI prakAra ke saMvardhana kiye gye| isake atirikta, jAlora ke eka abhilekha se sUcita hotA hai ki cAlukya kumArapAla ke dvArA vikrama saMvat 1221 (1164 I0) meM nirmita kUvara-vihAra kA navInIkaraNa vikrama saMvat 1242 (1185 I.) meM cAhamAna samarasiMha ne karAyA, vikrama saMvat 1256 (1166 I0) meM usake mUla zikhara para svarNamaya dhvaja-daNDa lagAyA gayA, aura vikrama saMvat 1262 (1205 I0) meM madhya-maNDapa para eka svarNamaya kalaza kI sthApanA kI gyii| ina abhilekhoM meM maMdira zabda ke lie paryAyavAcI rUpa meM caitya, vasati, harmya, maMdira, vezma, vihAra, bhuvana, prAsAda, aura sthAna zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| isake sAtha, ina adhikatara tithyaMkita abhilekhoM se maMdiroM yA upa-garbhAlayoM ke pRthak-pRthak (devakulikA, caturmukha-devakulikA, pAlaya-rUpa devakulikA, mahAtIrtha, tIrtha, deharI) yA sAmUhika (devakulikA-dvayam, devakulikA-trayam Adi) ke nirmANa aura navInIkaraNa ke viSaya meM upayogI aura vizvasanIya tathya prApta hote haiM aura kabhI-kabhI to unase sthApatya-saMbaMdhI vizeSatAoM (bimba-daNDa-kalazAdi-sahitA devakalikA) para bhI acchA prakAza paDatA hai / inameM se kaI abhilekhoM se ina maMdiroM ke samUce yA AMzika jIrNoddhAra, (vihAra-jIrNoddhAra, tIrthasamuddhAra, tIrthoddhAra, caitya-jIrNoddhAra, Adi) ke viSaya meM bhI sUcanAeM milatI haiN| ina aneka abhilekhoM meM saikar3oM pRthak-pRthak (khattaka) yA sAmUhika (khattaka-dvayam Adi) devakoSThoM ke nirmANa ke vRttAMta bhI Aye haiN| inameM se adhikatara abhilekhoM meM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa, sthApanA aura pratiSThA ke ullekha haiM, kabhI pRthak-pRthak (pratimA, mUrti, bimba) aura kabhI sAmUhika rUpa meM (jina-yugalam, jina-yugala-dvayam, jina-yugmam, mUrti-yugmam, tri-tIthikA, paMca-tIthikA, caturvizati-paTTa, caubIsI-paTTa, dvAsaptati-jinapaTTikA, dvisaptati--tIrthaMkara-paTTa, 66-jina-paTTikA aadi)| bahuta se abhilekhoM meM ina mUrtiyoM ke parikAra (aSTa-mahApratihArya Adi) se viziSTa hone kA ullekha milatA hai| kucha thor3e se abhilekhoM meM mUrtiyoM kI vastu aura AkAra kA nirdeza bhI kiyA gayA hai (jaise 108-mAna-pramANaM saparikaraM prathama-jina-bimbam, pittalamaya-41-aMgula-pramANa-prathama-jina-mUla-nAyaka-parikare zrIzItalanAtha-bimbama. 1 vahI, kramAMka 260. 2 vahI, kramAMka 352. 3 jaina iMskripzaMsa. saMkalana aura saMpAdana : pUranacaMda nAhara, bhAga 1. 1918. kalakattA. pR239 461

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 nava-phaNa-pArzvanAtha-bimbam Adi) abhilekhoM meM mahAtmAoM kI caraNa-pAdukAoM ke nirmANa kA bhI ullekha huA hai (pAdukA, pAdukA-stUpaH, stUpa-sahitAH pAdukAH-, siddhacakra' aadi)| kucha thor3e-se abhilekhoM meM maMdiroM kA nirmANa karane vAle sthapatiyoM aura mUrtiyA~ gar3hane vAle mUrtikAroM ke nAmoM kA bhI ullekha huA / udAharaNa ke lie, eka abhilekha meM vRttAMta hai ki rANakapura meM vikrama saMvat 1466 (1436 I0) meM nirmita trailokya-dIpaka-caturmukha-vihAra sUtradhAra depAka kI kRti hai / pittalahara-maMdira kI prasiddha RSabhanAtha-mUrti sUtradhAra maNDana ke putra sUtradhAra deva kI kRti hai / acalagar3ha ke caturmukha maMdira kI AdinAtha kI vizAla kAMsya-mUrti vikrama saMvat 1566 (1506 I0) meM sUtradhAra arba da ke putra sUtradhAra haradAsa ne bnaayii| saMkSepa meM, yaha nivivAda niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki vizeSataH gyArahavIM zatI ke prAraMbha kI pazcimI bhArata kI jaina kalA aura sthApatya ke itihAsa ko samucita rUpa se samajhane meM samUce gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM upalabdha saikar3oM abhilekha anivArya sahAyatA dete haiN| dakSiNa kI ora, AMdhra pradeza meM jaina dharma ko phalane-phUlane ke anukUla dharAtala na mila skaa| yadyapi isa kSetra ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM kucha jaina maMdiroM ke khaNDahara aura vizeSataH tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ prApta hotI haiM, para ve kalA yA mUrti-vijJAna kI dRSTi se suMdara nahIM haiN| inameM se jo smAraka aura mUrtiyA~ abhilikhita haiM unakI saMkhyA aura bhI thor3I hai / tathApi, kama-se-kama sAtavIM zatI se isa dharma ke anuyAyI isa kSetra meM rahe haiM jinhoMne ahaMtoM ke maMdira bnvaaye| udAharaNArtha, pUrvI cAlukya rAjA viSNuvardhana-tRtIya ke zAsanakAla ke eka kAMsya-paTTikA-abhilekha meM vRttAMta hai ki munisikoNDA grAma ke usa dAna kA navInIkaraNa kiyA gayA jo vijayavADA ke naDumba-vasadi nAmaka jaina maMdira ko pUrvI cAlukya rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka kubja viSNuvardhana kI rAnI ayyana-mahAdevI ne mUla rUpa meM kiyA thaa| kuDappA jile kA dAnavulapaDu eka jaina keMdra thA, vahA~ ke jaina maMdira aura mUrtiyA~ apanI utkRSTa kalAkArI ke lie ullekhanIya thiiN| yahA~ se prApta kucha mUrtiyA~ aura sthApatya-saMbaMdhI zilAkhaNDa aba 1 zrI-prabuMda-prAcIna-jaina-lekha-saMdoha, 2. kramAMka 408,410,449,454, 455. 2 arbudAcala-pradakSiNA-jaina-lekha-saMdoha, pAbU. 5, kramAMka 258 tathA paravartI. 3 epigrAfiyA iNDikA, 2, pR 77. 4 nAhara, vahI, pR 165-166. 5 zrI-abuMda-prAcIna-lekha-saMdoha, 2. kramAMka 408. 6 vahI, kramAMka 473. 7 gopAlakRSNamUrti (esa). jaina vesTijeja ina prAMdhra, AMdhra pradeza gavarnameNTa oNrka yaoNlaoNjikala sIrija, haidarAbAda. 8 enuala riporTa praoNna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1916-17. kAMsya-paTTI 9. 462

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adhyAya 33 ] abhilekhIya sAmagrI zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa meM pradarzita haiN| do staMbha aura eka jala-praNAlikA aura kucha niSIdhikA ke zilAkhaNDa abhilikhita haiN| rASTrakUTa rAjA iMdra-tRtIya ke zAsanakAla ke abhilekhoM meM se eka meM vRttAMta hai ki usa rAjA ne zAMtinAtha ke prakSAla ke lie eka jala-praNAlikA bnvaayii| isa jalapraNAlikA ke bAharI kinAre para eka paMkti meM mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa kI gayI haiM jinameM gatimAn manuSyoM aura pazuoM kI suMdara prastuti prabhAvita karatI hai, ve kisI tatkAlIna ghaTanA se saMbaddha haiN| karImanagara jile ke kurikyala nAmaka sthAna se dasavIM zatI ke lagabhaga madhya kI, rASTrakaToM ke vemulavADu cAlukya sAmaMtoM ke samaya kI kucha jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta huI thiiN| unameM se eka AdinAtha kI zAsanadevI yakSI cakrezvarI kI hai / isa mUrti ke nIce prasiddha kannar3a kavi pampa (lagabhaga 650 I0) ke bhrAtA jinavallabha kA abhilekha hai jisameM likhA hai ki ina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa inhIM jinavallabha (citra 302) ne karAyA thaa| pUrvI cAlukya amma-dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM jaina maMdiroM ke nirmANa meM vizeSa pragati huI / dharmavaram meM durgarAja ne isI kAla meM kaTakAbharaNa-jinAlaya nAmaka eka jaina maMdira banavAyA aura usameM pUjA calatI rakhane ke lie usane eka grAma kA dAna kiyA / yaha vRttAMta eka kAMsya-paTTI-abhilekha meM AyA hai| isa rAjA ke zAsanakAla kI eka anya dAna-saMbaMdhI kAMsya-paTTI meM ullekha hai ki vijayavAr3A ke do jaina maMdiroM ke lie kucha dAna kiyA gayA thaa| isa rAjA ke zAsanakAla meM eka mahilA ke prayatnoM se sarvalokAzraya-jina-bhavana nAmaka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa huA thaa| mahabUbanagara jile ke ujjala meM eka abhilekha hai jisameM likhA hai ki ujjili ke kile meM sthita baDDI-jinAlaya ke cenna-pArzvadeva ko dAna kiye gye| kadAcit IMToM se banA yaha maMdira vahI hai jisakA upayoga aba vIra zaivoM dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai|' vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke itihAsa ke prAraMbhika kAla meM jaina dharma lokapriya thaa| isa samaya tIrthaMkaroM ke bahuta se jaina maMdiroM aura suMdara mAna-staMbhoM kA nirmANa huaa| isa sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI hampI (prAcIna vijayanagara) meM hI kucha jaina maMdira haiN| inameM se eka maMdira vahI ho sakatA hai jisakA ullekha zaka saMvat 1286 (1367 I.) ke bukka-prathama ke rAjyakAla ke eka abhilekha meM 1 vahI, 1905, kramAMka 331. 2 prabuddha karNATaka (kannar3a bhASA meM), 53,43; 73.83. 3 enuala riporTa praoNna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1906-1607, kAMsya-paTTI 7. 4 vahI, 1908-1909, kAMsya-paTTI 8./epimAphiyA iNDikA, 24; 1937-38; 1 268. 5 epinAphiyA iNDikA, 7. 1902-1903. pR 177. 6 telaMgAnA iMskripzaMsa, haidarAbAda, 2. kramAMka 35. 7 gopAlakRSNamUrti, vahI, pR 61. 8 enumala riporTa maoNna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1918. pR. 66. 463

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 irugapavoDeya ke nAma se huA hai| kadAcit usI vyakti ne eka aura caityAlaya yA maMdira banavAyA, aisA zaka saMvat 1307 (1385 I0) meM utkIrNa harihara-dvitIya ke zAsanakAla ke eka abhilekha meM vRttAMta hai| usI zAsaka ke maMtrI aura irugapa ke bhrAtA immaDi-bukka ne kurnUla meM 1365 meM2 kuMthunAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrtisahita eka maMdira kA nirmANa kraayaa| ullekha hai ki svayaM devarAya-dvitIya ne zaka saMvat 1348 (1426 I.) meM vijayanagara meM pArzvanAtha kA eka caityAgAra banavAyA thaa| ina maMdiroM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki inake zikharabhAga kA AkAra sopAna-yukta pirAmiDa ke samAna hotA hai| isake atirikta, inake praveza ke dvArapakSoM para nIce eka-eka tuMdila yakSa banA hotA hai| unake praveza-dvAroM ke saradaloM para lalATa-bimba ke rUpa meM sAdhAraNata: gajalakSmI kI mUrti banI hotI hai| ina maMdiroM kI bhittiyoM para mUrtiyA~ yA unakI paMktiyA~ bilakula nahIM hotii| tamilanADu meM prAcInatama jaina smAraka adhikatara dakSiNI jiloM kI una aneka durgama prAkRtika guphAoM aura kaMdarAoM ke rUpa meM haiM jinameM Upara se bAhara kI ora nikalI eka caTTAna ke nIce zayyAe~ banI hotI haiM jinakA eka bhAga takiyA kI bhA~ti U~cA rakhA jAtA hai yA phira ve samatala kintu alaMkRta hotI haiN| ina zayyAoM para aura kucha guphAoM ke bAhara Upara tamila bhASA aura brAhmI lipi meM abhilekha utkIrNa haiM / inameM pAlI, adiTTAnam Adi kA ullekha hai, aura ye tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 se tIsarI zatI I0 taka ke haiN| isa kAla kA koI jaina avazeSa kerala meM nahIM miltaa| kisI bhI jaina smAraka kA saMdarbha dene vAlA dUsarA abhilekha tirunAtharakuNrU (dakSiNa arkATa jilA) kA hai jisakI tithi lagabhaga chaThI zatI kI hai (citra 304 k)| usameM likhA hai ki yaha smAraka caMdranaMdi-AzIriyara (prAcArya) kI niSIdhikA hai jinakA saMlekhanA-maraNa sattAvana dina ke upavAsa ke anaMtara huA / isa sthAna para zilA ko UparI bhAga para kATakara AsIna-mudrA meM caubIsa jaina mUrtiyA~ banAyI gayI haiM jo kadAcit tIrthaMkaroM kI haiN| aMtarAla meM jaina dharma ko kalabhra zAsakoM aura bAda meM unake rAjanItika uttarAdhikArI pallava aura pANDya zAsakoM kA prazraya milaa| sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aura kadAcit prAcInatama surakSita smAraka prasiddha nagara kAMcI meM hai jo eka aise keMdra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rahA hai jahA~ sabhI dharmoM ne unnati kii| yaha smAraka vardhamAna ko samarpita eka maMdira hai jisake lie usa jile kI janatA ne siMhaviSNu ke pitA pallava siMhavarmA (chaThI zatI kA pUrvArdha) ke zAsanakAla meM bhUmi kA dAna kiyA 1 vahI, 1936. pR 32. 2 vahI, 1889. pharavarI 3. 3 [dekhie prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 9. --saMpAdaka] 4 mahAdevan (mAI). kaoNrpasa oNfa tamila brAhmI iMskripzaMsa, seminAra aoNna iMskripzaMsa, 1966. madrAsa. 5 sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa. 17, 1. mukhacitra. 464

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adhyAya 33 ] abhilekhIya sAmagrI thA / 1 madhyavartI garbhAlaya ke nirmANa kI tithi kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, kintu isa maMdira ke zeSa vibhinna bhAgoM kA ullekha uttarakAlIna abhilekhoM meM huA hai / isI kAla ke sabase prAcIna aura pUrNatayA surakSita smArakoM meM se eka kA ullekha uttara arkA jile ke vaMdivAza tAluka meM kIjasAtamaMgalam se prApta abhilekha meM huA hai / eka anya maMdira yadyapi aba surakSita nahIM raha sakA hai kintu vaha naMdivarmA pallavamalla ke caudahaveM varSa arthAt 743-44 I0 meM surakSita thaa| usI sthAna kA eka anya abhilekha pallava kampavarmA (nauvIM zatI kA uttarArdha) ke samaya kA hai / isameM ullekha Aye haiM ki eka palli aura eka pAli kA navInIkaraNa kiyA gayA, palli ke agrabhAga para eka mukha maNDapa kA nirmANa kiyA gayA, iyakkipaDAri ( yakSI bhaTAri ) ke lie eka maMdira banavAyA gayA aura palli ke lie eka vizAla kUpa kA dAna kiyA gayA, yaha saba kArya pallava rAjA ke sAmaMta kADakadiyaraiyara kI patnI mAdevI ne karAyA / yahA~ palli aura pAli zabdoM meM aMtara kiyA gayA hai vaha dhyAna dene yogya hai / palli kA artha hai pUrA maMdira samUha aura pAli brAhmI abhilekhoM meM Aye prAcIna zabda pAli kA spaSTatayA rUpAMtara hai jisakA artha hotA hai sAdhunoM kA vizrAmasthala arthAt caityavAsa / isase sUcita hotA hai ki jainoM ne dUra ekAMta meM sthita nirADaMbara guphA ko suvidhAsaMpanna sthAnoM ke rUpa meM kaise badalA / isI sthAna se prApta hue cola rAjarAjaprathama ke eka abhilekha meM ukta palli kA nAma vimalazrI - zrArya tIrtha palli diyA gayA hai / dakSiNa arkA jile ke tirunarungoNDa ke jaina appANDanAtha maMdira meM bhI eka aisA hI udAharaNa milatA hai / yaha smAraka aba baca nahIM rahA hai ataH yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isake mukha maNDapa kA yA iyakki ( yakSI) ke maMdira ( koyila) kA svarUpa kaisA thA / tiruppamalai ( uttara prarkATa jile ke valajA tAluka meM paMcapANDavamalai ) ke eka abhilekha meM naMdivarmA pallavamalla ke pacAsaveM varSa ( 780 I0) meM eka zilA ko kATakara poNNiyakkiyAra (saMskRta meM hemA yakSI) kI mUrti (paDimam ) ke nirmANa kA jo ullekha hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki yakSI-pUjA ke lie svataMtra maMdira kA prAvadhAna bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| 4 yaha mUrti zailotkIrNa hai, kintu kIjasAtamaMgalam kA maMdira nirmANa karake banAyA gayA / uttara arkATa jile meM polUra tAluka kI tirumalai nAmaka pahAr3I para eka yakSI mUrti kI sthApanA kA ullekha ukta ullekha se bhI pahale kA hai / vahA~ ke eka abhilekha meM vRttAMta hai ki pradirgamAN elini ne eka yakSImUrti kI sthApanA kI aura usake uttarAdhikArI ne bArahavIM zatI meM usakA navInIkaraNa kiyA 15 kyoMki elini ke samaya kA jJAna nahIM ho sakA grataH mUla sthApanA kI tithi bhI zrajJAta hI hai / 1 TrAMjekzaMsa oNpha di zrArka yaoNlaoNjikala sosAyaTI graoNpha sAutha iNDiyA 1958-59 pR 41 tathA paravartI. / enuala riporTa praoNna iNDiyana epigrAphI. 1958-59, pariziSTa ka. kramAMka 10. 2 sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa, 4, kramAMka 363 aura 368. / enuala riporTa braoNna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI 1923. kramAMka 98. 3 enuala riporTa naoNna iNDiyana epigrAphI 1968-69. kramAMka kha, 219-225. 4 epigrAphiyA iNDikA, 4, 1896-97, pR 136-37. 5 sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa, 1, kramAMka 66-67. 465

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 nauvIM zatI meM jaina AcArya ajjanaMdI ke prakAza meM Ane para jainoM kI gatividhiyoM meM samUce tamilanADu meM eka sukhada krAMti huii| unhoMne isa kSetra ko isa chora se usa chora taka nApa DAlA; isakI puSTi una abhilekhoM se hotI hai jinake anusAra unhoMne karUMgalakkuDi (jilA madurai), tiruvayirai (madurai), anAimalai (madurai), kUraNDi (rAmanAthapurama) az2agaramala (madurai) aura ballimale (uttara arkATa) meM aneka tIrthakara-mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA / / vallimalai kI zailotkIrNa guphA meM utkIrNa rAcamalla (820 I0) ke zAsanakAla ke pazcimI gaMga zAsakoM ke abhilekhoM meM vRttAMta hai ki ajjanaMdI ne apane prAcAryoM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa kraayiiN| ye uttama kalAsaMpanna mUrtiyA~ ina abhilekhoM meM ullikhita zilA para hI utkIrNa haiN| ina guphAoM meM bhitti-citra bhI haiM jo yA to inhIM abhilekhoM ke samakAlIna haiM yA dasavIM zatI ke mAne jA sakate haiN| zilpAMkanoM meM tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ yadyapi zAMta mudrA meM alaMkaraNa ke binA hI utkIrNa kI gayI haiM, (uttara arkATa jile ke polUra tAluka meM odalavadi ke arhat-maMdira meM sthApita tIrthaMkara-mUrti ko aNiyAda alagiyAra nAma diyA gayA hai), kintu yakSoM, yakSiyoM aura camaradhAriyoM kI mUrtiyA~ alaMkRta haiN| kyoMki ina saba para abhilekha bhI utkIrNa haiM ataH mUrtiyoM ke vividha alaMkaraNoM ke AdhAra para mUrtikalA ke vikAsa kA adhyayana saralatA se kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa adhyayana se una kAMsya-mUrtiyoM para bhI prakAza par3a sakatA hai jo vibhinna grAmoM ke jaina maMdiroM meM rakhI haiN| kAMsya-mUrtiyoM meM se bhI kucha para abhilekha haiM; udAharaNa ke lie dakSiNa arkATa jile ke tidivanam tAluka ke kidaMgila se prApta aura aba zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa meM saMgRhIta eka mahAvIra-mUrti para tamila lipi meM lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI kA abhilekha hai| eka hI paTTa para aMkita yA alaga-alaga nirmita caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI dAtAoM dvArA sthApanA kA vRttAMta graMthalipi meM utkIrNa usa abhilekha meM hai jisameM dAtA vAsUdeva-siddhAMta-bhaTArara ko 'caviMzati-sthApaka' kI upAdhi dI gayI hai| yaha abhilekha ciMgalapaTa jile meM madharAMtakama tAluka ke verallUra grAma kI nAgamalai nAmaka pahAr3I kI eka caTTAna para utkIrNa eka aisI devakoSThikA ke pAsa aMkita hai jisameM jinAlaya kI laghu AkRti ke madhya supArzvanAtha kI mUrti utkIrNa hai| tIrthakaroM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kama hI abhilekhoM meM huA hai, udAharaNArtha tirupparuttikkuram ke abhilekha meM vardhamAna kA, kIz2asAtamaMgalam ke abhilekha meM vimala-zrI-Arya-tIrtha (vimalanAtha) kA, aibaramala aura ponnara ke abhilekhoM meM pArzvanAtha kA, karaNDai ke abhilekha meM kuMthunAtha kA aura ponnUra ke eka abhilekha meM AdIzvara kA / 1 enuala riporTa praoNna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1911, kramAMka 562./sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa, 14 kramAMka 22,107.19./vahI 99-106./enuala riporTa praoNna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1910. kramAMka 61-69./enuala riporTa praoNna iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1954-55, kramAMka 396./epigrAphiyA iNDikA, 4, pR 140 tathA paravartI. 2 enuala riporTa praoNna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1895. kramAMka 10. 3 enuala riporTa praoNna iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1973-74.veralUra ke atargata (prakAzanAdhIna). 466

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adhyAya 33 ] abhilekhIya sAmagrI - tiruccirApallI jile meM1 sittannavAsala kI eka guphA kI dAyIM ora kI eka zilA para utkIrNa pANDya rAjA zrImAra zrIvallabha (nauvIM zatI) ke kAla ke abhilekha meM vRttAMta hai ki isa guphA meM nayA mukha-maNDapa banAyA gayA, usake bhItarI bhAga kA navInIkaraNa kiyA gayA aura usa citrakArI para kadAcit eka lepa aura kiyA gayA jise takanIka, AkAra-prakAra, raMga-yojanA aura manuSyoM, pazuoM tathA vanaspati ke citrAMkana kI dRSTi se kalA kA eka ullekhanIya nidarzana mAnA jAtA hai|2 yakSI, yakSa Adi ke jaina mUrti-vijJAna meM sahacara devatAoM ke rUpa meM praveza kA pariNAma yaha huA ki tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA unakI pUjA ko pradhAnatA milane meM jo bAdhA thI vaha bhI samApta ho gayI / isakA eka ullekhanIya udAharaNa kanyAkumArI jile ke vilavaMgoDe tAluka ke citrAla nAmaka grAma meM tiruccAraNattamale sthAna para nirmita bhagavatI-maMdira hai| aisA abhilekha eka hI hai jisameM kisI devI kA ullekha huA hai, vaha prAya rAjA vikramAditya varaguNa (nauvIM zatI ke aMtima caraNa)4 ke zAsanakAla kA hai| usameM bhaTAri kI pUjA ke lie kiye gaye dAna kA vRttAMta hai jisameM nizcita rUpa se yaha ullekha hai ki pArzvanAtha ke pArzva meM padyAvatI devI kI aura eka anya tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM aMbikA (siMha-sahita) kI mUrti banAyI gayo / isI prakAra kI isase bhI adhika prabhAvazAlI eka ghaTanA nAgarakoyila ke viSaya meM hai jahA~ mula jaina maMdira kI tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke nAgaphaNa ke pratIka ko kevala isIlie pramukhatA dI gayI jisase use anaMtADvAra ke rUpa meM hiMdU deva-pratIkoM meM samAhita kiyA jA sake / tathApi aise udAharaNa haiM ki kAMcIpuram aura tirumala ke tirupparuttikkUNrama nAmaka maMdira apanA svataMtra astitva banAye rhe| pAlaghATa jile ke godApuram (alatura) meM mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha kI eka dvimUrtikA para tamila bhASA meM baTejuttu lipi meM aMkita lagabhaga dasavIM zatI ke eka abhilekha meM eka vizAla caityavAsa aura maMdira ke astitva kA saMketa hai, kadAcit usI maMdira meM yaha dvimUrtikA thii| karnATaka pradeza ko jaina dharma kA dUsarA mUlasthAna kahA jA sakatA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi na kevala zravaNabelagolA, mUDabidure (mUDabidrI), kArkala aura bhaTakala jaise aneka mahattvapUrNa jaina keMdroM se hotI hai jahA~ kalA kI aneka manorama kRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, varan isa rAjya ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM utkIrNa kiye gaye abhilekhoM se bhI hotI hai| gaMga rAjAoM, kucha kadaMba zAsakoM, rASTra kaTa aura 1 mainuala praoNpha pudukkoTai sTeTa. 2, 2.4 1093 tathA paravartI. 2 [dvitIya bhAga meM adhyAya 30 dekhie --saMpAdaka.] 3 [dvitIya bhAga meM adhyAya 19 dekhie -saMpAdaka.] 4 trAvaNakora prAyaoNlaoNjikala sIrija. 1 1 193 tathA paravartI. 5 vahI, 6. pR 159 tathA paravartI. 6 jarnala oNfa iNDiyana hisTrI, 44. 1966. pR 537-43. /jarnala praoNfa kerala sTaDIja, 1, kramAMka 1, 1973. pR 27-32. 467

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [bhAga 8 kalacuri zAsakoM aura hoyasala rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla meM jaina dharmarAja dharma ke rUpa meM rhaa| isI taraha pUnnATa, sAMtara, prAraMbhika caMgAlva, koMgAlava aura pAlUpa ke choTe rAjyoM ke viSaya meM bhI vahA~ ke abhilekhoM se yahI siddha hotA hai| kama se kama pA~cavIM zatI se isa dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne apane mata ke pracAra ke lie kalA kA mAdhyama apanAnA prAraMbha kiyaa| isakI puSTi isase hotI hai ki prAraMbhika kadaMba rAjAoM ne kAMsya-paTTiyoM para utkIrNa aisI tAlikAe~ prasArita kI jinapara maMdiroM Adi jaina saMsthAoM ke lie diye gaye dAna kI praviSTi kI jAtI thii| kadaMba mRgezavarman (lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI) ke rAjyakAla ke AThaveM varSa meM prasArita eka tithyaMkita kAMsya-paTTI-tAlikA meM praviSTi hai ki rAjA ne apane pitA kI smRti meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA / draviDa zailI meM prAraMbha meM hI eka saMdara maMdira ke nirmANa kA zreya isa rAjya ke jainoM ko prApta hotA hai / yaha aihola kA megaTImaMdira hai| isa maMdira meM cAlukya rAjA pulakezI-dvitIya kA san 634-35 kA (citra 303) eka tithyaMkita abhilekha hai| isa abhilekha kA racanAkAra ravikIrti thA aura usI ne isa maMdira ke nirmANa kI vyavasthA karAyI thii| rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla meM aneka jaina smArakoM kA nirmANa huA, yadyapi abhilekha unameM se kucha meM hI haiN| pazcimI gaMga zAsakoM ne kucha mahattvapUrNa jaina kRtiyoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki zrIpuruSa ne apane samaya taka bana cuke kucha maMdiroM ke lie dAna kiyA thA / zravaNabelagola kI gommaTezvara-mUrti para cAra bhinna-bhinna lipiyoM meM eka zIrSaka (citra 304 kha) utkIrNa hai| usI sthAna para kucha aura maMdiroM Adi meM abhilekha haiN| karnATaka ke itihAsa meM hoyasala baMza kA rAjyakAla sthApatya kI utkRSTa kRtiyoM ke lie prazaMsanIya hai| ye maMdira adhikatara brAhmaNa devatAoM ko samarpita haiM, phira bhI isa kAla ke jaina maMdira bhI kalA ke AkarSaka udAharaNa haiN| unameM se dhAravAr3a jile meM gaDaga ke pAsa lakkUNDI (prAcIna lokkIguNDI) kA jaina maMdira bhI eka hai| yaha maMdira bhI draviDa zailI kA hai aura usameM zaka saMvata 1064 (1172 I0) kA abhilekha hai| 1 rAisa (bI ela). maisUra eNDa kurga phraoNma iMskripzaMsa. 1909. laMdana. pR 203. 2 iNDiyana eMTikverI, 6. 1877. 4 1 tathA paravartI. 3 [dekhie prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 18 --saMpAdaka.] 4 epigrAphiyA iNDikA. 6. 1900-1901. pR 1 tathA paravartI. 5 rAisa, pUrvokta, pR 39. 6 gAiDa TU zravaNabelagolA, purAtattva vibhAga, 1957. maisUra. 7 kaz2insa (eca). cAlukyan prAkiTekcara, praoNkyaoNlaoNjikala sarve praoNpha iNDiyA, nyU iMpIriyala sIrija. 1926. kalakattA. 477 tathA paravartI. 468

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adhyAya 33 ] abhilekhIya sAmagrI madhyakAlIna mUrti - zilpa ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ailorA kI vizAla zAMtinAtha - mUrti prastuta kI jA sakatI hai / usake pAdapITha para utkIrNa hai ki 1234-35 I0 meM cakrezvara nAmaka eka vyakti ne yaha abhilekha aMkita karAyA / 1 mRta mahApuruSa kI smRti meM niSIdhi arthAt staMbhoM ke nirmANa kA pracalana bhI madhyakAlIna karnATaka meM thA / aisA eka staMbha bIjApura jile ke caMdakAvate meM haiM, usapara utkIrNa hai ki yaha niSIdhistaMbha sUrasta gaNa ke mAghanaMdi - bhaTTAraka kI mRtyu kI smRti meM sthApita kiyA gayA 12 jaba isa kSetra kA vizeSata: dakSiNI bhAga vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke zAsakoM ke prabhAva meM AyA taba jaina dharma kI pragati niraMtara hotI rahI kyoMki isa sAmrAjya ke mANDalika sAmaMta jaina dharma ke prabala samarthaka the / isalie ina mANDalika sAmaMtoM ke adhikAra kSetroM meM svabhAvataH anekAneka jaina sthApatya - kRtiyoM kA nirmANa huA / mUDabidure kI gurugala bastI kA nAma sarvaprathama liyA jA sakatA hai jise kiye gaye dAna kA ullekha 1360 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM huA hai / vijayanagara samrAT devAryadvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM ( 1430 I0 ) mUDabidure meM tribhuvana-cUr3AmANi - mahA caitya kA nirmANa huA, isameM eka manohArI aura ullekhanIya staMbha- maNDapa ( 1451 I0 ) hai aura ise pazcima taTa kI zailI meM nirmita sthApatya kA eka suMdara udAharaNa mAnA jAtA hai / 4 kArkala ke mANDalika sAmaMtoM ne gommaTezvara kI do vizAlAkAra mUrtiyA~ banavAyIM aura unapara abhilekha utkIrNa karAye, eka kArkala meM 1432 I0 meM' aura dUsarI veNUra meM 1604 I0 meM / kArkala kA caturmukha bastI nAmaka maMdira aura usI grAma ke hariyaMgaDi nAmaka sthAna para sthita mAna- staMbha vijayanagara kAla kI jaina kalA ke do aura vizeSa udAharaNa 1 4 5 1 desAI (pIbI). jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA. 1957. zolApura. pR 99. 2 enuala riporTa oNna sAutha iNyina epigrAphI, 1936-1937. pariziSTa I., kramAMka 15. 3 sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa, 7, kramAMka 299. vahI, kramAMka 197. epigrAphiyA iNDikA, 7. 1902 1903, pR 109-110. jI. esa. gaI anya sahayogI 469 pI. Ara. zrInivAsan, ke. jI. kRSNan esa. zaMkaranArAyaNan, ke. bI. rameza

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adhyAya 34 dakSiNa bhAratIya mudrAoM para aMkita pratIka dakSiNa bhAratIya mudrAoM para jaina prabhAva kA pramANa AraMbhika pANDya zAsakoM ko catuSkoNa sA~ce meM DhalI yA Thappe kI sahAyatA se banAyI gayI una kAMsya-mudrAoM se milane lagatA hai jo unhoMne tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya prasArita kii| vidvAn sAmAnya rUpa meM isa prabhAva ko samajhane meM asaphala rahe, isakA kAraNa nizcita rUpa se yaha rahA ki prAraMbhika bhAratIya mudrAoM para aura vizeSataH Ahata mudrAoM para jo pratIka aMkita kiye gaye unapara bauddha prabhAva spaSTa rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| isalie isa prakAra kI mudrAoM ke adhyayana meM bauddha prabhAva aura saMbaMdha kI ora dhyAna jAnA prAsaMgika hI hai / yaha satya hai ki prAraMbhika pAhata mudrAoM para dakSiNa meM bhI bauddha pratIkoM kA aMkana sAmAnya rUpa se hamA, para kaI prakAra kI sthAnIya mudrAe~ aisI bhI upalabdha haiM jinapara aMkita pratIkoM ke jaina hone meM koI saMdeha nahIM / aisI mudrAoM ke kucha udAharaNa yahA~ diye jA rahe haiN| jaina prabhAva prAraMbhika pANDya zAsakoM kI kucha catuSkoNIya kAMsya-mudrAoM para dekhA jA sakatA hai jinake pRSTha-bhAga para sAta yA ATha pratIkoM kA, arthAt aSTa-maMgala dravyoM kA eka gaja ke sAtha aMkana pracalita thA / ina mudrAoM ke viSaya meM TI0 jI0 aravamuthan ne likhA hai : 'ina mudrAoM ke pRSTha-bhAga para kucha aise pratIka aMkita haiM jo dhArmika mAnyatAoM se saMbaddha pratIta hote haiM, jaise sUrya yA cakra, aisA kalaza jisase jaladhArA nikala rahI hai, aura ardhacaMdra, jinakI gaNanA sAdhAraNataH aSTa-maMgala dravyoM meM kI jAtI hai|' aravamuthana ke anusAra, gaja ke sammukha aMkita dravya dIpa ho sakatA hai jo maMgala-dravyoM kI sUciyoM meM milatA hai| prAraMbhika pANDya zAsakoM kI eka anya prakAra kI mudrAoM para aMkita pratIkoM meM azva ke Upara aMkita mukkuDai arthAt chatratraya bhI eka pratIka hai| chatratraya nizcita rUpa se eka jaina pratIka hai kyoMki tIrthakara 1 yahA~ ullikhita sabhI kAMsya-mudrAeM pANDya zAsakoM dvArA prasArita kI gayI mAnI jAtI rahI haiM kyoMki unake pRSTha bhAga para unakA pratIka matsya aMkita hai; kintu isa viSaya meM koI aura anuzruti nahIM hai, kevala pratIka hI haiM, ataH isa saMbhAvanA kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki ina mudrAoM kA prasAraNa kinhIM aise sArthavAha-gaNoM ne kiyA ho jo jaina rahe hoM. 2 'e pANDyana izyU oNfa paMca-mArDa purANAja', jarnala praoNfa da nyUmismaiTika sosAyaTI baoNpha iNDiyA, 6. 1944. pR 3, TippaNI. 470

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adhyAya 34 ] dakSiNa bhAratIya mudrAoM para aMkita pratIka mUrtiyoM ke mastaka para usakI prastuti sAmAnya rUpa se kI jAtI hai| vidvAnoM ne isa ora tanika bhI gaMbhIratA se nahIM socA ki ye pratIka jaina ho sakate haiM, aura sAmAnya pravRtti abataka yahI rahI ki tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI kI pAhata tathA anya mudrAoM para aMkita jo bhI pratIka dikhe unheM bauddha mAna liyA gayA, balki una pratIkoM kI prakRti, unake artha aura unake mUlasthAna ke spaSTIkaraNa kA prayatna bhI nahIM kiyA gyaa| pANDya zAsakoM ne apane dhvaja', mudrAoM aura muharoM para aMkana ke lie pratIka ke rUpa meM eka yA do machaliyA~ (mIna-yugma yA mIna-yugala)svIkAra kii| saMgam-kAla ke tamila sAhitya meM unakA ullekha mInavara ke rUpa meM milatA hai| isa pratIka kA vAstavika tAtparya saMtoSajanaka rUpa meM abataka nahIM samajhAyA gayA, tathApi yaha samAdhAna nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki aSTa-maMgala dravyoM meM parigaNita jo mIna-yugala hai usI se pANDya zAsakoM ko preraNA milI hogI jisase unhoMne na kevala apanI prAraMbhika mudrAoM para, pratyuta niraMtara sabhI mudrAoM aura muharoM para aMkana ke lie pratIka ke rUpa meM mIna-yugala ko hI svIkAra kiyaa| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki mudrAoM para mIna-pratIka ke aMkana jahA~-jahA~ bhI hue haiM una saba meM pANDya mudrAoM kA mIna (tamila meM kayala) eka vizeSa prakAra se aMkita huA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM bauddha aura jaina dharmoM kA itihAsa batAtA hai ki bauddha dharma lokapriyatA ke usa stara taka kabhI nahIM pahu~ca sakA jisa taka tamila deza meM, vizeSataH IsA kI prAraMbhika zatiyoM meM, jaina dharma phuNcaa| prAraMbhika tamila samAja, usake vicAra aura saMskRti para jaina siddhAMtoM aura prAcAra kA atyaMta vyApaka prabhAva thA, isake pramANa prAraMbhika tamila graMthoM meM milate haiM jo adhikatara jainoM dvArA likhe gye| dakSiNa bhArata meM, vizeSataH karnATaka kSetra aura tamila deza meM, jaina dharma kA prasAra tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 se AraMbha huaa| tamila deza meM jaina muniyoM aura gRhasthoM ke astitva ke nirvivAda pramANa una prAcIna brAhmI abhilekhoM se milate haiM jo dUsarI zatI I0pU0 aura tIsarI zatI I0 ke madhya pANDya kSetra meM aura saMgama-yugIna cera deza meM utkIrNa karAye gye| pANr3ayoM kI rAjadhAnI madurai aura usake samIpavartI kSetroM meM IsA kI prAraMbhika zatiyoM meM jaina janasaMkhyA apanI carama sImA para thii| isa kSetra meM gyArahavIM zatI taka aneka jaina pratiSThAna calate rahe, yadyapi jaina dharma ko sAtavIM se nauvIM zatI taka gaMbhIra AghAta pahu~ce kyoMki usa yuga meM eka ora zaiva aura vaiSNava matoM meM aura dUsarI ora jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM saMgharSa cala rahe the| dhAmika saMgharSoM kA yaha yuga pANDya deza meM jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM vizeSa rUpa se mahattvapUrNa 1 subrahmaNyam (ena). saMgama paoNliTI. 1966. nyUyArka, pR. 77-78. 2 draSTavyaH (mAI) mahAdevan. kaoNrpasa praoNfa tamila brAhmI iMskripzaMsa. 1966. madrAsa. 471

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 hai kyoMki zaiva dhArmika sAhitya ke anusAra kUNa pANDya (670-710 I0) yA neDumAraNa nAmaka prAraMbhika pANDya zAsaka mUlataH jaina thaa| use zaiva sAdhu tirujJAna saMbaMdara ne zaiva banAyA thA jisake viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki usane jainoM ko dhArmika vivAdoM meM harAyA thA aura aneka camatkAroM dvArA zaiva dharma kI 'zreSThatA' siddha kI thii| pANDyoM kI rAjyasabhA meM jainoM ko zaivoM dvArA AghAta pahu~cAyA gayA, itanA hone para bhI isa kSetra meM aneka jaina pratiSThAna calate rahe aura kUNa pANDya ke zrImAra zrIvallabha (815-62 I.), varaguNa-dvitIya Adi uttarAdhikArI jaina maMdiroM, caityavAsoM Adi pratiSThAnoM ko saMrakSaNa dete rahe, jaisA ki unake abhilekhoM meM vRttAMta hai| ataeva yaha mAnyatA tarkasaMgata hogI ki prAraMbhika pANDya zAsakoM kI pUrvokta madrAnoM para aSTa-maMgala dravyoM ke aMkana kA pratyakSa kAraNa yahI hai ki usa kSetra para jaina dharma kA prabala prabhAva thA / ye madrAe~ do vargoM meM vibhakta hotI haiM : (1) gajAMkita varga agrabhAga : (ka) dAhinI ora gaja aura usake sammukha sthAnaka-sahita dIpaka / (kha) gaja ke Upara aSTa-maMgala dravyoM meM se sAta yA AThoM yA aura kama / pRSThabhAga : miin| (2) azvAMkita varga agrabhAga : (ka) dAhinI ora azva / Upara chatratraya / (kha) vedikA meM vRkSa, anya pratIka / pRSThabhAga : miin| jainoM meM pracalita aSTa-maMgala dravya arthAt pATha zubha vastue~ svastika, zrIvatsa, naMdyAvarta, (naMdipada), vardhamAnaka (carNapAtra), bhadrAsana (eka vizeSa prakAra kA Asana yA rAjyAsana), kalaza (pUrNaghaTa), darpaNa, matsya yA matsya-yugala (do machaliyA~) haiN| inakA aMkana prAyaH AlaMkArika abhiprAyoM ke rUpa meM toraNoM aura balipaTToM para sAmAnya rUpa se huA hai| aise pratIka mathurA se prApta kUSANa-yuga ke kucha prAyAga-paToM para bhI aMkita haiM, yadyapi aSTa-maMgaloM kI sUcI usa samaya taka eka rUpa na le sakI thii| ye pratIka pANDalipiyoM ke patroM aura unake kinAre kI paTTiyoM para bhI citrita kiye gye| 1 periya purANam-sTorI oNfa jJAna saMbaMdara / 2 draSTavya, (zAha) umAkAMta premAnaMda, sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa. ' 109-12. 3 prathama bhAga meM pR 67 tathA paravartI, citra 15. 472

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pradhyAya 34] dachiNa bhAratIya mudrAoM para aMkita pratIka pANDya mudrAeM citra 305

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 SOOTH 10 pANDya mudrAeM citra 306

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adhyAya 34 ] dakSiNa bhAratIya mudrAnoM para aMkita pratIka pANDya zAsakoM kI kAMsya mudrAe~ hI kadAcit aisI mudrAe~ haiM jinapara bhraSTa maMgala dravyoM kA aMkana hai aura inakI eka ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki ve eka hI paMkti meM usI prakAra aMkita haiM jisa prakAra jUnAgar3ha kI bAvA pyArA maTha nAmaka jaina guphA samUha meM guphA 'ke' ke praveza-dvAra para aMkita haiM / ina pratIkoM kA tAtparyArtha AcAra - dinakara meM batAyA gayA hai| kalaza kI pUjA tIrthaMkara ke eka pratIka ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai; darpaNa apane svarUpa ke darzana kA preraka hai ; bhadrAsana kI pUjA yaha mAnakara kI jAtI hai ki use maMgalamaya bhagavAn ke caraNa pavitra karate haiM; tIrthaMkara ke hRdaya se kevalajJAna ke udbhava kA sUcaka hai zrIvatsa lAMchana, svastika zAMti kA sUcaka hai; nau koNoM sahita naMdyAvarta nava-nidhiyoM kA sUcaka hai; aura kAmadeva ke dhvaja para bhI aMkita honevAlA mIna-yugala sUcita karatA hai ki tIrthaMkara se parAjita hokara kAmadeva ne unakI pUjA kI / 2 aSTa- maMgala dravyoM kI sUciyA~ vibhinna zvetAMbara aura digaMbara graMthoM meM dI gayI haiM / ( pANDya zAsakoM kI mudrAnoM para jo-jo dravya aMkita haiM unakI bhI gaNanA ina sUciyoM meM hai / ) unameM se kucha kA aMkana jaina kalA meM huA hai| tirupparuttikuNDam ( jinakAMcI ) ke jaina maMdiroM kA vivaraNa dete hue TI0 ena0 rAmacaMdrana ne aSTa maMgala ye batAye haiM: svarNa kalaza, ghaTa, darpaNa, alaMkRta vyajana, dhvaja, camara, chatra, patAkA / unhoMne maMgala dravyoM kI eka sUcI aura bhI dI hai : chatra, camara, dhvaja, svastika, darpaNa, kalaza, cUrNa pAtra aura bhadrAsana 14 aSTa maMgaloM kI eka tIsarI sUcI bhI unhoMne trilokasAra se uddhRta kI hai' / karnATaka meM jaina dharma kA svarNayuga gaMga zAsakoM ke kAla meM thA jinhoMne jaina dharma ko apanA rAjadharma ghoSita kiyA / chaThIM se gyArahavIM zatI taka use gaMga zAsakoM ne bahuta adhika saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA / jaina AcArya siMhanaMdI ne na kevala gaMga rAjya kI sthApanA maulika sahayoga pradAna kiyA pratyuta unhoMne prathama gaMga zAsaka koMgaNivarman - prathama ke parAmarzaka ke rUpa meM bhI kArya kiyA / ina pazcimI gaMga zAsakoM ne apane adhikAra meM Ane vAle tamila bhASI aura kannar3abhASI jiloM meM aneka mahattvapUrNa smArakoM kA nirmANa kiyA / inameM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai zravaNabelagola kI vizAla gommaTamUrti jisakA nirmANa hoyasala zAsakoM ke prasiddha gaMga senApati cAmuNDarAya ne karAyA (dvitIya bhAga meM adhyAya 19 ) / 1 barjesa (je). riporTa graoNfa di eMTIkviToja zraoNfa kAThiyAvADa eNDa kaccha, prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNfa iMDiyA, nyU iMpIriyala sIriz2a, 2. 1876, laMdana, prathama bhAga meM pR. 93 rekhAcitra 5. 2 zAha, vahI, pR 111 [ tRtIya bhAga meM adhyAya 35 bhI dekhie saMpAdaka ] 3 rAmacaMdrana ( TI ena ). tirupparuttikkuNram eNDa, iTsa Tempalsa, buleTina oNfa da madrAsa gavarnameNTa myUz2iyama, nyU sIrija, janarala sekzana, 1, 3, 1934 madrAsa. 4 vahI, pR 190. 5 trilokasAra, 5.989. 473

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 hoyasala zAsaka prabuddha jaina dharmAvalaMbI the, unake rAjya meM karnATaka bhI sammilita thaa| isa rAjavaMza kA prathama itihAsa-puruSa vinayAditya-dvitIya (1047-1100 I0) zAMtideva nAmaka jaina sAdhu kI sahAyatA se sattA meM AyA thaa| biTTiga viSNuvardhana kI patnI zAMtalA devI jaina guru prabhAcaMdra kI ziSyA thii| usake kucha maMtriyoM ne jaina dharma kA saMvardhana kiyaa| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki prAraMbhika hoyasala zAsaka tabataka jaina dharmAvalaMbI hote rahe jabataka rAmAnuja ne biTTiga ko vaiSNava dharma meM dIkSita na kara liyA / dharma-parivartana se pUrva taka biTTi eka kaTTara jaina rahA, vaha isa rAjavaMza kA sabase mahAn zAsaka thaa| usake dharma-parivartana ke bAda bhI usakI patnI zAMtalA devI jaina banI rhii| biTri prathama hoyasala zAsaka thA jisane 1116 I0 meM cola rAjyapAla se talakADa jItane ke bAda svarNa-mudrAoM kA prasAra kiyA thaa| usakI mudrAoM para aMkita kesarI siMha aura siMhAsIna yakSI aMbikA kA prAraMbha meM asaMgata artha le liyA gayA thA, saMgata artha yaha hai ki dharma-parivartana se pUrva vaha jaina dharmAvalaMbI thaa| dharma-parivartana ke bAda to usane apanI mudrAoM para rAmAnuja kI mUrti aMkita kraayii| hoyasala mudrAe~ do ThappoM kI sahAyatA se banAyI gayIM ata: cAlukya mudrAoM kI apekSA ve adhika sughar3a dikhatI haiM / hoyasala mudrAoM ke do varga suparicita haiM, unheM viSNuvardhana ne talakADa aura nolaMbavADI kI vijaya ke upalakSya meM svarNa-mudrAoM ke rUpa meM prasArita kiyA thA / talakADu-gaNDa varga aura nolaMbavADI-gaNDa varga kI mudrAe~ ye haiM : talakADu-gaNDa-varga agrabhAga : eka rekhA-vRtta meM dAhinI ora bAyA~ paira uThAye aura mukha pIche kI ora ghumAye eka kesarI siMha kA aMkana / usake Upara dAhinI ora hI eka aura vaisA hI choTA siMha sUrya aura caMdra ke sAtha aMkita hai| yaha siMha eka staMbha kI ora ghUmA huA hai jisake zIrSa-bhAga para cakra dikhAyA gayA hai| pRSThabhAga : kannar3a meM tIna paMktiyoM kA lekha-(1) zrI-ta-(2) lakADu-(3) gaNDa / nolaMbavADI-gaNDa-varga agrabhAga : eka rekhAvRtta meM dAhinI ora laghu biMduoM dvArA aMkita eka kesarI siMha; usake pIche eka devI-mUrti hai jisake cAra hAthoM meM se eka meM khaDga aura dUsare meM cakra hai aura usakI eka ora eka laghu AkRti aMkita hai| 1 bAmbe gajeTiyara, 1. bhAga 2, pR 492. 2 prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve maoNpha maisUra, enuala riporTa, 1929. 3 iliyaTa. kaoNinsa paoNfa sadarna iNDiyA, 1886. laMdana, pR 82. 4 vahI, citra 3, 90; ArkayolaoNjikala sarve oNfa maisUra, enuala riporTa, 1929, pR 24, citra 9, 2. 5 iliyaTa, vahI, citra 3,91. prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNfa maisUra, enuala riporTa, 1929, 24, citra 9, 2. 474

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adhyAya 34] dakSiNa bhAratIya mudrAoM para aMkita pratIka pRSThabhAga : kannar3a meM tIna paMktiyoM kA lekha-(1) zrI-no-(2) nambavADI-(3) gaNDa / abataka yaha mAnA jAtA rahA ki isa mudrA ke agrabhAga para aMkita AkRti cAmuNDA kI hai, kintu sUkSma parIkSaNa ke pazcAt siddha huA ki yaha prAkRti aura usake Ayudha aMbikA ke haiN| digaMbara paraMparA meM yaha devI dharmAdevI ke nAma se bhI ullikhita hai aura kUSmANDinI (tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI yakSI) ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai, isa mudrA meM usake bAyeM jo eka laghu AkRti hai vaha nizcita rUpa se usake zizu kI hai / jo siMha aMkita hai vaha usakA vAhana hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya jaina kalA meM yakSI aMbikA atyaMta lokapriya hai aura durgA se usakI atyadhika samAnatA akAraNa nahIM ho sktii| dakSiNa bhArata kI jaina prabhAva sahita mudrAoM kA uparyukta sarvekSaNa kisI bhI dRSTi se paryApta nahIM hai / isake atirikta, isase yaha parijJAna hotA hai ki mudrAoM ke adhyayana meM jaina srotoM ke upayoga kI kitanI adhika saMbhAvanAeM haiN| isase eka lAbha aura hogA ki jina aitihAsika saMdarbho meM ina mudrAoM kA prasAra kiyA gayA unheM aura bhI adhika spaSTatA se samajhA jA skegaa| yahA~ jinake citra diye gaye haiM una pANDya mudrAoM kA vivaraNa nimnalikhita hai : (1) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora azva, azva ke sammukha mukkuDe (chatratraya), azva ke Upara maNDalAvRta vRkSa kA pratIka jisake aba kucha cihna hI dikhate haiN| dAyeM koNa para tIna toraNoM-sahita eka caitya / pRSThabhAga : rekhA-koNa--mIna / citra 305,1 / (2) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora azva, usake sammukha chatratraya / azva ke Upara maNDalAvRta vRkSa kA pratIka / pRSThabhAga : 'mIna' ke aMkana ke cihn| citra 305,2 / (3) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora gaja, usake sammukha eka dIpaka / Upara sAta pratIka / maNDalAvRta vRkSa, naMdipada (baila kA khura), kuMbha (kalaza), ardhacaMdra, zrIvatsa, darpaNa aura ckr| pRSThabhAga : rekhaa-konn--miin| citra 305,3 / (4) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora gaja aura usake sammukha dIpaka aura aNkush| Upara dikhate chaha pratIka-naMdipada, kuMbha, ardhacaMdra, zrIvatsa, darpaNa aura cakra / 1 draSTavyaH rAmacaMdran, vahI, pR 209, isa yakSI kI mUrtiyoM ke mUrtizAstrIya lakSaNoM ke lie. 475

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purAlekhIya evaM mudrAzAstrIya srota [ bhAga 8 pRSThabhAga : mIna ke aMkana ke cihna / citra 305,4 / (5) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora gaja aura usake sammukha dIpaka tathA eka anya pratIka jo - aba aspaSTa ho gayA hai| pRSThabhAga : rikta / citra 305, 5 / (6) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora gaja aura usake sammukha dIpaka aura aNkush| Upara kuMbha, ardhacaMdra, zrIvatsa, darpaNa aura cakra / pRSThabhAga : rekhA-koNa-mIna / citra 306,1 / (7) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora gaja aura usake Upara naMdipada, darpaNa aura cakra / gaja ke __sammukha sthAnaka-sahita dIpaka / pRSThabhAga : mIna, aMkana aspaSTa ho gayA hai| citra 306,2 / (8) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora gaja aura usake sammukha dIpaka (sthaank-shit)| Upara naMdipada (?) aura cakra / pRSThabhAga : mIna / citra 306,3 / (6) agrabhAga : gaja aura usake sammukha dIpaka / Upara maNDala meM svastika, darpaNa, naMdipada aura mIna / pRSThabhAga : mIna / citra 306,4 / (10) agrabhAga : dAhinI ora gaja aura usake sammukha dIpaka / Upara svastika, kaMbha, naMdipada aura ckr| pRSThabhAga : matsya ke aMkana ke cihna / citra 306,5 / raMgAcArI vanajA nAdapada nAda 476

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bhAga 9 siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha

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adhyAya 35 mUrtizAstra siddhAMta jaina mUrtizAstra ke adhyayana ke sAhityika srota prAcInatama jaina zAstroM arthAt upalabdha aMgoM aura upAMgoM (unakI uttarakAlIna TIkAe~ nahIM) ke rUpa meM prasiddha jaina Agama sAhitya se prAraMbha hote haiN| kintu jaina mUrti-mAna yA mUtizAstra para koI svataMtra Agama nahIM likhA gyaa| itanA avazya hai ki siddhAyatanoM ke samUce vivaraNoM meM jaina mUrtiyoM aura maMdiroM ke viSaya meM ullekha milate haiN| ina vivaraNoM meM stUpa, mAna-staMbha Adi anya jaina pUjya kRtiyoM kA bhI samAveza hai| yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki bhagavatI, uvAsaga-dasAmao, nAyAdhamma-kahAno meM jo ahaMtoM kI mUrtiyoM aura maMdiroM ke viSaya meM thor3e se ullekha milate haiM ve mahAvIra yA unake tatkAla pazcAt ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke samaya ke haiN|' aisA ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM milatA ki mahAvIra yA unake gaNadharoM ne kisI jaina maMdira ke darzana kiye| isalie yaha mAnyatA saMbhava nahIM ki tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyoM aura maMdiroM ke saMbaMdha meM koI bhI saMdarbha utanA prAcIna hai jitanA una pAgamoM kA prAraMbhika kAla jinakA punaHsaMpAdana cauthI zatI I0 meM mathurA aura valabhI kI do saMgItiyoM meM aura phira valabhI kI hI 470 I. kI saMgIti meM hA thaa| tathApi, prAcIna pATaliputra ke eka upanagara lohAnIpura se prApta mauryakAlIna paoNliza-yukta tIrthakara-mUrti, jisake aba dhar3a aura paira hI baca rahe haiM, se spaSTa hai ki kama-se-kama azoka ke pautra 1 ye ullekha uddhRta karane yogya haiM: (ka) gaNattha arihaMte vA arihaMta-ceiyA ni vA bhAviyappaNo sIsAe uDDhaM uppayati jAva sohaMmo kappo (bhagavatIsUtra, 3, 2, sUtra 145. pU 175), (kha) ta eNaM ANaMde gAhAvaI evaM vyaasii| no khalu me bhaMte kappai prajjappabhiyi anna-utthie vA anna-utthiya-devayANi vA anna-utthiyapariggahiyANi arihaMta-ceiyAiM vA vaMdittae vA namaMsittae vA (uvAsagavasAyo, bhAvanagara saMskaraNa, pR 14) / isakI TIkA meM abhayadeva-sUri ne likhA hai : anya-yUthika-daivatAni vA hari-harAdIni / anya-yUthika-parigRhItAni vA arhaccaityAni / arhatpratimA-lakSaNAni yathAbhauta-parigRhItAni mahAkAla-lakSaNAni. pUrvokta, pR 15. yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki uvAsagadasAmro kA yaha uddharaNa jaina itihAsa ke eka uttara kAlIna caraNa kA hai jaba jaina maMdiroM ko anya matoM ne apanAnA AraMbha kara diyA / (ga) nAyAdhamma-kahAno meM ullekha hai ki draupadI ne apane gRha-caitya meM jina-mUrtiyoM kI pUjA kii| kintu isa graMtha kA Aja jo rUpa vidyamAna hai vaha usa samaya ke bAda kA hai, jaba graMthoM kA zvetAMbara aura digaMbara ke rUpa meM vibhAjana ho cukA thA. 2 [dekhie prathama bhAga meM pU 74. citra 21-saMpAdaka.] 479

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 samprati ke samaya tIrthakara-mUrti kI pUjA kA pracalana ho cukA thaa| jaina anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra samprati ko jaina dharma meM Arya suhastI ne dIkSita kiyA thaa| bhASyoM aura cuNiyoM meM aura vasudeva-hiNDI meM samprati jaina dharma kA eka mahAna saMrakSaka batAyA gayA hai| yaha dIkSA vidizA yA ujjaina meM, saMbhava to yahI hai ki vidizA meM, jIvaMtasvAmI kI mUrti kI rathayAtrA ke samAroha meM saMpanna haI / kAyotsarga-madrA meM dhyAnamagna khar3e aura dhotI, mukuTa tathA anya alaMkAra dhAraNa kiye mahAvIra kI yaha mUrti jIvaMtasvAmI kI mUrti isalie kahalAtI hai kyoMki kASTha-mUrti ke rUpa meM vaha usa samaya gar3hI gayI thI jaba mahAvIra vairAgya se pUrva apane mahala meM dhyAna-sAdhanA kiyA karate the| isase kama-se-kama itanA pratIta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvana-kAla meM eka tadAkAra mUrti gar3hI gayI aura maurya samrATa azoka ke pautra samprati ke samaya taka usakI pUjA bhI na kevala kucha logoM dvArA varan samasta saMgha dvArA bhI kI jAne lagI thii| saMbhava hai, isa mUrti ne uttarakAlIna mahAvIra-mUrtiyoM ke lie eka Adarza kA kArya kiyA ho| kintu, pUjA ke hetu nirmita sabhI jaina mUrtiyoM kA svarUpa eka-jaisA hotA hai, cAhe vaha kisI bhI tIrthaMkara kI ho (kevala pArzva aura supArzva kI mUrtiyoM ke mastaka para sarpa kI phaNAvalI hotI hai)| pUjya-mUrti ke nirmANa kA sarvaprathama vidhAna adhika-se-adhika IsavI sana ke prAraMbha meM huA ho sakatA hai jisakA saMketa matharA ke kaMkAlI-TIlA se prApta aneka jaina mUrtiyoM (pAsIna aura khar3I) tathA bihAra meM baksara ke nikaTa sthita causA se prApta jaina kAMsya-mUrtiyoM ke eka samUha se milatA hai| tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke mAna kA vidhAna jina graMthoM meM dekhane meM AyA hai unameM varAha mihira kI bRhat-saMhitA (58, 45) sabase prAcIna hai : 'mUrti meM arhatoM ko taruNa, rUpavAna, prazAMta vyaktitva se saMpanna aura vakSasthala para zrIvatsa-lAMchana se yukta dikhAyA jAnA caahie| prAjAnu-laMba bhujAoM vAlA unakA zarIra digaMbara (arthAt nigraMtha yA nirvastra) dikhAyA jAnA caahie|' yaha vidhAna spaSTataH digaMbara jaina mUrtiyoM ke lie hai| dhotI ke aMkana sahita mUrti kI pUjA varAha mihira ke samaya taka yA to AraMbha hI nahIM huI thI yA usa samaya taka vaha bahuta pracalita nahIM huI thI (arthAt vaha kadAcit usake bAda meM prAraMbha huii)| spaSTa hai ki mathurA aura causA se prApta koI bhI kuSANakAlIna tIrthaMkara-mUrti savastra nahIM bnii| 1 saMprati ke tathA jIvaMtasvAmI kI mAnyatA aura mUrtiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM sabhI saMdarbho ke lie dekhie umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha kA lekha 'e yUnika imeja oNfa jIvaMtasvAnI', jarnala praoNpha di moriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa 1, 1951-52. pR 72-79. 2 [prathama bhAga meM adhyAya 6 aura 7 dekhie. --saMpAdaka.] 3 [isakA mUlapATha prathama bhAga ke 39 para pAda-TippaNI meM uddhRta kiyA jA cukA hai-saMpAdaka.] . 4 isa viSaya para savistAra carcA ke lie dekhie umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha kA lekha 'di eja praoNfa Difarenziezana oNfa zvetAMbara eNDa digaMbara imejeja' buleTina oNfa da priMsa oNfa velsa myUjiyama, baMbaI 1. 1950-51. pR 30 tathA paravartI. 480

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra chaThI zatI I0 meM kabhI likhe gaye vAstuzAstra mAnasAra ( 55, 71 - 95 ) meM jaina mUrtizAstra ke saMbaMdha meM kucha aura vivaraNa haiN| jina-mUrti ke viSaya meM usameM likhA hai ki isake 'do hAtha, aura do netra hoM, mukha para zmazru na dikhAye jAyeM aura mastaka para jaTAjUTa dikhAyA jAye / ' sAtha hI, 'jina-mUrti meM zarIra AkarSaka (surUpa) dikhAyA jAye aura usake kisI bhI bhAga para na koI AbhUSaNa dikhAyA jAye aura na koI vastra / vakSasthala para zrIvatsa lAMchana svarNa- khacita ho / ' mAnasAra meM aura bhI likhA hai ki jina-mUrti grAsIna banAyI jAye cAhe khar3I, para vaha samacaturasra ho / donoM pairoM meM samarUpatA ho aura donoM hAtha laMbe hoM aura eka hI mudrA meM bhI hoN| AsInamudrA meM paira kamalAsana para dikhAye jaayeN| samUcI mUrti dRr3hatA kI mudrA meM ho aura paramAtma-svarUpa meM tanmayatA kI abhivyakti karatI ho| dAyeM aura bAyeM hAthoM ke karatala Upara kI ora hoM / mUrti ko Asana para dikhAyA jAye cAhe vaha AsIna ho cAhe khar3I mudrA usake Upara (pIche eka zikharAkRti aura eka makara-toraNa honA caahie| usake Upara kalpavRkSa aura usake sAtha gajarAja tathA anya mUrtiyA~ honI cAhie / meM mAnasAra ke hI anusAra jina mUrti ke parikara meM nArada tathA anya RSi aura prArthanA kI mudrA meM deva - deviyoM kA samUha bhI dikhAyA jAye / yakSa, vidyAdhara tathA anya deva aura cakravartiyoM ke atirikta rAjavarga bhI usI mudrA meM prastuta kiye jaayeN| nAgeMdra, dikpAla aura yakSa unakI pUjA karate hue aMkita kiye jAyeM / eka ora yakSa aura dUsarI ora yakSezvara ko camara DulAte hue dikhAyA jAye / jaina mUrtiyoM ke avayavoM kA pramANa daza-tAla arthAt sabase bar3e mAna- daNDa ke anusAra ho / mAnasAra ke anusAra tIrthaMkara - mUrtiyA~ bhI isI mAnadaNDa ke anusAra hoM / mAnasAra (55, 71-95 ) meM digaMbara mUrtiyoM kA varNana hai, paraMtu nagnatA ke atirikta zeSa sabhI lakSaNa zvetAMbara aura digaMbara donoM prakAra kI mUrtiyoM ke eka samAna haiN| kisI bhI jina-mUrti ke parikara meM kisI bhI anucara deva kA vizeSataH nArada kA aMkana abataka dekhane meM nahIM AyA, kintu camaradhArI yakSa yA nAga yA gajArohI, duMdubhi vAdaka, vidyAdhara- yugala Adi kA aMkana jina mUrti ke sAtha usa samaya paryApta huA jaba vaha apane parikara ke sAtha vikasita huI / jina mUrti ke mukhya lakSaNa haiM arthAt laMbI bhujAe~, rUpavAn aura taruNa AkRti, dhyAnamagna nAsAgra dRSTi aura vakSasthala para zrIvatsa lAMchana | 1 AzAdhara (1228 I0) ke pratiSThA sAroddhAra (1,61-62 ) nAmaka eka digaMbara graMtha meM 1 sAtavIM zatI ke prasiddha zvetAMbara graMthakAra haribhadrasUri ne jina deva kI upAsanA apane isa pracalita padya meM kI hai : prazama-rasa-nimagnaM dRSTi-yugmaM, prasannaM vadana kamalam, aMkaH kAminI saMga zUnyaH / karayugam api yat te zastra saMbaMdhavaMdhyaM tad asi jagati devo vItarAgas tvam eva // 481

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 likhA hai ki jina-mUrti meM dRSTi nAsAgra tathA mudrA abhayaMkara honI caahie| usake parikara meM aSTaprAtihArya aura yakSoM kA samAveza bhI honA caahie| - vasunaMdI saiddhAMtika ne apane pratiSThAsAra-saMgraha meM tIrthaMkara-mUrti kA tAla-mAna diyA hai, unakA ullekha AzAdhara ne kiyA hai, ve bArahavIM zatI (yA isase pahale) ke ho sakate haiN| unhoMne tIrthaMkara ke mastaka para ke uSNISa kA tAla-mAna diyA hai| yaha vidhAna unhoMne bhI kiyA hai ki tIrthaMkara-mUrti meM zarIra aura mukha para keza nahIM honA cAhie aura vakSasthala para zrIvatsa lAMchana honA cAhie; bhujAe~ AjAnu-laMba hoM; pada-taloM para zaMkha, cakra, aMkuza, kamala, yava, chatra Adi kA aMkana honA cAhie / tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ yA to khar3I (kAyotsarga) hoM yA AsIna (paryakAsana yA pdmaasn)| jina-mRtiyoM ke sAtha aSTa-prAtihArya bhI dikhAye jAne kA vidhAna hai| tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ abataka kevala do mudrAoM meM dekhane meM AyI haiM, yA to khar3I yA prAsIna / AsIna mUrtiyoM meM dakSiNa bhArata kI adhikAMza ardha-paryakAsana meM aura uttara bhArata kI pAlathI-sahita pUrNa-padamAsana meM haiM; paraMtu vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI mudrAe~ bhI vibhinna banAne kA vidhAna nahIM hai| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ ukta donoM meM se kisI bhI mudrA meM banAyI gyiiN| tathApi, jaina graMthoM meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI una mudrAoM ke ullekha haiM jo unhoMne apane nirvANa-kAla meM dhAraNa kI / ikkIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne (aura digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra bharata aura bAhubalI ne bhI) kAyotsarga-mudrA meM dhyAnamagna rahate hue aura tIna tIrthaMkaroM RSabha, nemi aura mahAvIra ne dhyAna-mudrA meM AsIna rahate hue nirvANa prApta kiyaa| ina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI mudrAeM bhI ye hI hoM, aisA vidhAna vyavahAra meM svIkArya na ho sakA, yadyapi Avazyaka niyukti (gAthA 666) jaise prAcIna graMtha meM bhI vaha vidhAna kiyA gayA ki tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ usI madrA meM banAyI jAnI cAhie jisameM unhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyA ho| - isa kalpakAla kI avasarpiNI ke bharata-kSetra ke tIrthaMkaroM ke varNa donoM saMpradAyoM meM ullikhita haiN| digaMbara saMpradAya ke anusAra solaha tIrthaMkaroM kA varNa svarNima thA, kevala caMdraprabha aura puSpadaMta kA zveta, supArzva aura pArzva kA harA, munisuvrata aura neminAtha kA gaharA nIlA aura padmaprabha aura 1 pratiSThAsAra-saMgraha (pANDulipi), adhyAya 4; zloka 1, 2, 4, 64, 69. vasubiMdu (jayasena) kA 'pratiSThA-pATha', zloka 70 bhI dekhie| 2 dekhie ceiya-vaMdama mahAbhAsa (kI saMskRta chAyA), gAthA 80-81, pR 15./tiloya-paNatI, 4, 1210. pR 302, aura jaTAsiMha naMdI (lagabhaga chaThI zatI) varAMga-carita 2,7, 90. pR 272 ke anusAra kevala RSabha, vAsupUjya aura nemi ne aAsIna-mudrA meM nirvANa prApta kiyA, zeSa ne khar3I huI mudrA meM. 3 tiloya-paNNattI, 4, 588, pu 217./pratiSThA-sAroddhAra, 1, 80-81. padma-purANa, parva 20, iloka 63-66. 482

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra vAsupUjya kA pravAla yA kamala kI bhAMti lAla thaa| yahI kathana zvetAMbara Avazyaka niryakti meM bhI kiyA gayA hai, aura isI kAraNa isa anumAna meM koI bAdhA nahIM ki varNa-saMbaMdhI yaha mAnyatA kamase-kama usa kAla se pUrva kI hai jaba donoM saMpradAyoM ke mUrti-pUjA se saMbaddha graMthoM ke vibhAjana ko aMtima rUpa milaa| vibhinna tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna unake prAsanoM ke Upara yA nIce aMkita lAMchanoM se hotI hai| donoM saMpradAyoM meM ina pratIkAtmaka cihnoM kA vidhAna hai| para yaha vidhAna kisI bhI prAcIna graMtha meM nahIM miltaa| ina cihnoM kI sUcI na to kisI Agama graMtha meM hai, na kalpasUtra meM jisameM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana-caritroM kA varNana hai, na niyuktiyoM meM aura na cUNiyoM meM / vasudeva-hiNDI (lagabhaga 500 I0 yA isase bhI kucha pUrva) meM kaI tIrthaMkaroM kI carcA hai para usameM bhI ina cihnoM kA saMketa nahIM huaa| digaMbara graMthoM meM varAMga-carita (chaThI zatI), jinasena ke Adi-purANa (lagabhaga 750-830 I0), guNabhadra (840 I0) ke uttara-purANa, raviSeNa (676 I.) ke padmacarita Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM bhI inakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| avazya hI tiloya-paNNattI meM yaha sUcI hai, kintu isakA jo pATha prAja upalabdha hai vaha uttarakalIna lekhakoM dvArA vikRta kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai / 2 donoM saMpradAyoM kI sUciyoM kI tulanA se jJAta hogA ki kucha tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM meM matabheda hai :(1) caudahaveM tIrthaMkara anaMta kA cihna hemacaMdra ke anusAra bAja pakSI hai jabaki digaMbaroM ke anusAra vaha rIcha hai, (2) dasaveM zItala kA zrIvatsa (hemacaMdra) mAnA gayA hai aura digaMbaroM ke anusAra svastika (tiloya-paNNattI) yA zrIvRkSa (pratiSThA-sAroddhAra) hai, aura (3) aThArahaveM tIrthaMkara aranAtha kA cihna digaMbaroM ke anusAra machalI hai kintu zvetAMbaroM ke anusAra naMdyAvarta hai| svayaM digaMbara graMthakAroM meM kucha matabheda haiM, jaise sAtaveM tIrthaMkara kA cihna tiloya-paNNattI ke anusAra naMdyA Avazyaka-niyukti, gAthA 376-77. abhidhAna-ciMtAmaNi, 1, 49. kucha aMtara hai, zvetAMbara saMpradAya ke anusAra munisuvrata aura neminAtha kA vaNaM gaharA aura supAva aura pAvaM kA gaharA nIlA hai, kiMtu mere vicAra se yaha koI vizeSa aMtara nahIM hai kyoMki citrAMkana ke samaya raMgoM ke cunAva meM itanA aMtara par3a sakatA thA ki Avazyakaniyukti meM ullikhita gaharA nIlA digaMbaroM meM harA ho gayA ho, yA phira gahare raMga kA artha gaharA nIlA kara liyA gayA ho sakatA hai / jaisAki maiMne apane lekha 'vRSAkapi ina di Rgveda', jarnala oNfa di oriyaMTala iMsTITyUTa, 7, 1958-59, meM likhA hai ki harita zabda kA prayoga kaI prakAra ke raMgoM ke lie hotA thA aura bahuta-se halake raMgoM ke lie to taba koI zabda bhI rUr3ha na hue the. . 2 eka sthAna para bAlacaMdra saiddhAMtika kA nAma bhI isameM pAyA hai, isalie bhI merI yaha dhAraNA banI. 3 tiloya-paNNattI, 4, 605 ke anusAra tagara-kusumA aura pratiSThA sAroddhAra ke anusAra tagara / tiloya-paNNattI ke saMpAdakoM ne tagara-kusumA kA artha kiyA hai 'machalI' jisakA samarthana kannar3a ke digaMbara srotoM se bhI hotA hai, TI. ena. rAmacaMdran. tirupattikakuNram eNDa iTsa Tempalsa, buleTina oNfa da madrAsa gavarnameNTa myUjiyama, nyU sIrija, janarala sekzana, 1, 3, 1934. madrAsa. pR 192-94. 483

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 9 varta hai kintu pratiSThA - sAroddhAra ke anusAra vaha svastika hai ( jo hemacaMdra kI zvetAMbara paraMparA ke anurUpa hai ) / dasaveM tIrthaMkara kA cihna tiloya paNNattI ke anusAra svastika hai jabaki pratiSThA sArodvAra ke anusAra zrIvRkSa hai / lAMchanoM ke saMbaMdha meM jo prAcInatama ullekha digaMbara yA zvetAMbara zAstroM meM milatA hai vaha ina donoM saMpradAyoM ke vibhAjana ke bAda kA hai / ataeva vibhinna lAMchanoM ke prAraMbha aura vikAsa ke adhyayana ke lie purAtAttvika sAkSya liye jA sakate haiM / bahuta vistAra meM gaye binA itanA kahanA hI paryApta hogA ki kuSANakAla kI kisI bhI jina-mUrti para lAMchana aMkita nahIM hai / jinapara lAMchana bhI aMkita ho aura jinakA nirmANakAla bhI jJAta ho sakA ho aisI mUrtiyoM meM jo prAcInatama hai aisI neminAtha kI rAjagira se prApta eka aMzataH khaNDita mUrti para lAMchana aMkita hai; aura caMdragupta ke ullekha sahita eka guptakAlIna abhilekha bhI usapara utkIrNa hai / pAdapITha ke madhya meM khar3e cakrapuruSa kI eka suMdara AkRti banI hai, usake pIche cakra hai aura cakra ke donoM ora eka-eka zaMkha hai jo neminAtha kA cihna hai / 1 lAMchana kA aMkana AzAdhara 2 ( tathA anya jaina graMthakAroM) ke anusAra pAdapITha para nIce madhya meM honA cAhie, jabaki yakSa aura yakSI ke aMkana kramazaH (pAdapITha ke ) dAyeM aura bAyeM honA cAhie / jaina mUrtizAstra kI eka ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmoM ke viSaya meM donoM saMpradAya pUrNatayA ekamata haiM / tIrthaMkaroM kI nAmAvalI AgamoM meM AyI hai, jaise kalpasUtra meM, Avazyaka sUtra ke logassasutta meM, bhagavatIsUtra ( 16, 5) meM / zrAcArAMgasUtra (sUtra 126 ) aura usakI niryukti meM bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya kAla ke tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha hai / sthAnAMgasUtra ( sUtra 2,4,108 ) meM unake varNoM kA ullekha hai / digaMbara saMpradAya ke anusAra unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha puruSa the kintu zvetAMbaroM kA vizvAsa hai ki malli strI thI / matabheda kA kAraNa yaha hai ki digaMbaroM ke anusAra strI paryAya se mukti prApta nahIM kI jA sktii| yaha mAnyatA kadAcit isalie sabala hotI gayI hogI kyoMki striyA~ nirvastra nahIM ho sakatIM aura ve tyAga kI parAkASThA arthAt jina kalpa kA pAlana nahIM kara sktiiN| isa prakAra, unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke puruSa yA strI mAne jAne kA prazna mukhyataH zvetAMbara - digaMbara matabheda arthAt acelakatva para nirbhara hai / 1 isakA prathama bAra prakAzana rAmaprasAda caMdA ne kiyA thA, ArkyaoNlaoNjikala sarve praoNfa iNDiyA, enuala riporTa, 1925-26. 1928, kalakattA, citra 56 kha; / umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha, sTaDIja ina jaina cArTa, 1955, banArasa rekhAcitra 18. [ prathama bhAga meM pRSTha 128, citra 53 bhI dekhie -- saMpAdaka. ] 2 pratiSThA sArodvAra, 1, 77 sthiretarArcayoH pAdapIThasyAdho yathAyatham / lAMchanaM dakSiNe pArzve yakSaM yakSoM ca vAmake // 3 jaisAki isa lekhaka ne anyatra likhA hai, yaha matabheda apane vAstavika aura aMtima rUpa meM pA~cavI zatI ke uttarArdha meM prakaTa huA kyoMki usI samaya zrAgama graMthoM kA punaH saMpAdana kiyA gayA aura unheM saMpradAyoM kI apanI-apanI apekSA ke anurUpa DhAlA bhI gyaa| jaina municaryA ke itihAsa meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI prAyikAoM ( sAdhviyoM ) kI gaNiniyoM kI nAmAvaliyoM ko donoM saMpradAyoM ne surakSita rakhA, aura mathurA ke kaMkAlI-TIlA se prApta tIrthaMkaramUrtiyoM ke pAdapIThoM para muniyoM aura AryikAmoM kA aMkana huA hai, ina do kAraNoM se anumAna hotA hai ki prAraMbha meM nArI mukti para isa prakAra kA pratibaMdha kadAcit nahIM thA. jahA~ taka vastra tyAga kA prazna thA so vaha to muniyoM taka ke lie vaikalpika thA. 484

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adhyAya 35 ] mUtizAstra tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ maNiyoM, dhAtuoM, pASANoM, kASTha aura miTTI se banAyI jAtI thiiN| ina dravyoM ke cunAva ke saMbaMdha meM prAcAra-dinakara meM kucha niyamoM kA vidhAna hai / isa graMtha ke anusAra mUrti svarNa, rajata yA tAmra kI banAnI cAhie, para kAMsya, sIsA yA Tina kI kabhI nahIM banAnI caahie| kabhI-kabhI mUrtiyoM ko DhAlane meM pItala (retI) kA upayoga kara liyA jAtA hai, yadyapi sAdhAraNa niyama yahI hai ki mizrita dhAtu kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAye / mUrti yadi kASTha ko banAnI ho to kevala zrIparNI (khaMbhArI), caMdana, bilva, kadaMba, lAla caMdana, piyAla, udaMbara (Umara) aura kabhIkabhI zIzama kA hI prayoga kiyA jAnA cAhie, kisI anya vRkSa ke kASTha kA kabhI nahIM / pASANa bhI saba prakAra ke doSoM se rahita ho / vaha zveta, halake hare, lAla, kAle yA hare raMga kA ho sakatA hai / miTTI kI mUrti ke lie gobara aisA honA cAhie jo dharatI para girane se pahale hI hAtha para le liyA gayA ho, aura usameM jo miTTI milAyI jAye vaha bhI svaccha sthAna se lAyI jAnI cAhie / lepya (cInI miTTI) kI mUrti banAte samaya usameM kaI prakAra ke raMga milAye jAte haiN| phira yaha vidhAna bhI hai ki apane kalyANa kA icchuka gRhastha AvAsa-gRha meM lohe, pASANa, kASTha, miTTI, gajadaMta yA gobara se banAyI gayI yA citrAMkita mUrti kI pUjA na kreN| vasunaMdi-zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai ki jinoM tathA anyoM (siddhoM, prAcAryoM Adi) kI mUrtiyA~ pratimA-lakSaNa kI vidhi se maNi, svarNa, ratna, rajata, pItala, motI, pASANa Adi se banAyI jAnI caahie| basubindu-pratiSThApATha meM isake atirikta sphaTika kA bhI vidhAna hai aura likhA hai ki aisI mUrtiyA~ yadi bar3e kamalAsana para virAjamAna kI jAyeM to ve sajjanoM kI prazaMsA ajita karatI haiN| aisI mUrtiyAM sthApita nahIM kI jAnI cAhie jo sadoSa hoM, TUTa yA phUTa jAne se jinheM jor3A gayA ho, yA phira jo atyaMta jIrNa-zIrNa ho gayI hoN| AvAsa-gRha meM sthApita mUrti eka vitasti (betiyA) se kucha bar3I honI caahie| AcAra-dinakara meM likhA hai ki sArvajanika maMdira meM bAraha aMgula se choTI mUrti nahIM honI cAhie jabaki prAvAsa-gRha meM vaha bAraha aMgula se bar3I nahIM honI cAhie, yadi 1 prAcAra-dinakara, bhAga 2, 4 143, zloka 4-11. 2 pratimAlakSaraNa-vidhi nAmaka eka graMtha kA ullekha to milatA hai para usakI koI pANDulipi abataka nahIM milI, yahA~ bhI usI graMtha kA ullekha humA pratIta hotA hai. 3 vasunaMdi-zrAvakAcAra zloka 390, dekhie vasubiMdu-pratiSThApATha, zloka 69, pR 17; aura bhI dekhie jina yajJakalpa jo jaina siddhAMta-bhAskara (2.Y 12, meM uddhRta huA hai : sauvarNa rAjataM cApi paittalaM kAMsyajaM tthaa| prAvAlaM mauktikaM caiva vaiDUryAdi suratnajam / citra kvciccNdnjm"| pratiSThA-sArodvAra 1, 83, 19, isa graMtha ke saMpAdaka paNDita manohara lAla ne eka pAda-TippaNI meM likhA hai: athAtaH saMpravakSyAmi gRhabiMbasya lakSaNam / ekAMgulaM bhaveccheSThaM vyaMgulaM dhana-nAzanam / / vyaMgule jAyate vRddhiH pIDA syAccaturaMgule / paMcAMgule tu vRddhiH syAdudvegastu SaDagule / / saptAMgule gavAM vRddhiAniraSTAMgule mtaa| navAMgule putravRdirdhananAzo dazAMgule // ekAdazAMgulaM biMbaM sarvakAmArthasAdhakam / etat pramANamAkhyAtamata Urdhva na kArayet // iti graMthAMtarepyuktam / 485

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 gRhastha apanA hita cAhatA ho|' dhAtu se DhalI huI yA cInI miTTI se banI huI mUrtiyA~ TUTane-phUTane para jor3akara rakhI jA sakatI haiM aura unakI pUjA kI jAtI raha sakatI hai, kintu kASTha yA pASANa kI mUrti ko TUTane-phUTane para jor3akara pUjA ke lie nahIM rakhA jAnA caahie| kintu yadi ve eka sau varSa se adhika prAcIna hoM yA unakI pratiSThA kisI mahAna vyakti ne karAyI ho to unakI pUjA kI jAtI raha sakatI hai, cAhe ve khaNDita hI kyoM na hoM, para unheM sArvajanika maMdiroM meM hI sthApita karanA cAhie, gRha-caityoM meM nahIM 12 yadyapi tIrthaMkaroM ke maMdiroM ke ullekha jaina AgamoM meM atyaMta kama hue haiM aura unakI vAstavikatA para jaba-taba prazna-cihna lagate rahe haiM, itanA hI nahIM, Agama-graMthoM meM kisI bhI tIrthaMkara kI eka bhI mUrti ke isa bhUmaNDala meM hone kA ullekha nahIM hai, tathApi zAzvata tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke aneka vivaraNoM se jaina mUrti kI paryApta prAcIna mAnyatA kA parijJAna hotA hai| donoM saMpradAyoM meM siddhAyatanoM (siddhoM ke maMdira jinheM zAzvata caitya bhI kahate haiM) kI mAnyatA hai jinameM zAzvata 'jina' arthAt tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna hotI haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ cAra tIrthaMkaroM arthAt caMdrAnana, vAriSeNa, RSabha aura vardhamAna kI hotI haiN| ye tIrthaMkara zAzvata jina kahalAte haiM kyoMki pratyeka utsarpiNI yA avasarpiNI kAla meM ye cAroM nAma avazya hI kinhIM tIrthaMkaroM ke hote haiN| kaI AgamoM meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki vibhinna svarga-vimAnoM aura parvata-zikharoM para siddhAyatana yA zAzvata-jina pratimAeM hotI haiN| Age likhA hai ki atyaMta manorama siddhAyatana ke madhya meM vizAla maNipIThaka para eka devacchaMdaka kI racanA hotI hai| isa devAlaya meM eka sau ATha tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ sthApita hotI haiM / kAvyamaya bhASA meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki una mUrtiyoM ke vibhinna aMgopAMga kaise hote haiN| phira batAyA gayA ki ina jina-mUrtiyoM ke pIche AkarSaka DhaMga se chatra dhAraNa kiye aura puSpahAra tathA koraNTa (kaTasaraiyA) ke phUloM kI mAlAe~ liye khar3e sevaka hote haiM ; puSpa rajata, caMdramA Adi kI bhA~ti atyaMta dhavala aura ujjvala hote haiN| tIrthaMkara-mUrti kI donoM ora do-do camaradhArI hote haiM ; tIrthaMkara-mUrti ke sAmane bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM natamastaka praNAma karate nAga-yugala (donoM ora eka-eka) yakSa-yugala, bhUta aura kuNDadhara (kalazadhAriyoM kA) yugala hotA hai| bhagavAna kI mUrtiyoM ke samakSa ghaNTiyA~, caMdana-kalaza (jo yA to maMgala-kalaza rahe hoMge yA caMdana-drava se ApUrita ghaTa rahe ho sakate 1 prAcAra-dinakara, 2.1 142.. 2 pUrvokta, pR 142, zloka 4-7, tathA sadoSa mUrtiyoM ke vibhinna duSphaloM ke vivaraNa ke lie zloka 13.27. 3 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4, sUtra 307./pravacana-sAroddhAra, 491, pR 117/eka bahuta prAcIna nAmAvalI jIvAjIvAbhigama-sUtra, sUtra 137, pR 235 para bhI hai| digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra vibhinna sthAnoM ke siddhAyatanoM ke lie dekhie jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa, parva 5-6, pR. 70-140. 4 paMdraha karmabhUmiyoM meM se kisI meM bhI. . 5 jaina lokavidyA ke anusAra jo naMdIzvara-dvIpa hai usameM aise bAvana zAzvata jinAlaya haiM / siddhAyatanoM ke lie dekhie jIvAjIvAbhigama-sUtra, sUtra 139. pR 232-33. 486

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra haiM ?), bhRgAra (eka vizeSa prakAra kA ghaTa), darpaNa, thAliyA~, ghaTa, Asana, raMga-viraMge AbhUSaNoM kI maMjUSAe~, azvoM, gajoM, manuSyoM, kinnaroM, kiMpuruSoM, mahoragoM, gaMdharvo aura vRSabhoM ke zIrSa, puSpoM aura mAlAoM kI caMgeriyA~ (amalabeta se banI TokariyA~) tathA vAsacUrNoM aura aMgarAgoM Adi kI DibbiyA~, mayUra ke paMkhoM se banI picchiyA~, phUloM kI TokariyA~ (paTalaka), eka sau ATha siMhAsana, chatra, camara, taila-kUpikAe~ (tela kI kuppiyA~), bhANDakoSTha (kuThiyAe~), coyaka, tagara, haritAla, hiMgulaka, manaHzilA, aMjana tathA eka sau ATha dhvaja sthApita hote haiN| ___ aMgopAMgoM ke uparyukta varNana se pratIta hotA hai ki ye tIrthakara-mUrtiyA~ kadAcit khaDgAsanastha rahI hoMgI / zvetAMbaroM aura digaMbaroM ke madhyakAlIna pratiSThApAThoM meM aura zilpazAstroM meM tIrthakara-mati ke sAtha jina pATha mahA-pratihAryoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai unakI nAmAvalI uparyukta vivaraNa meM nahIM hai, tathApi jina-mUrti ke parikara ke aMtargata mAnya ina ATha prAtihAryoM meM kucha aise tattva haiM jo uparyukta vivaraNa meM spaSTa dIkha par3ate haiN| isa vivaraNa meM jina-mUrtiyoM kA kavitva aura atiraMjanA se mizrita varNana to hai hI, usa jaina pUjA-paddhati kA samAveza bhI hai jo ina vivaraNoM ke lekhaka yA lekhakoM kI dRSTi meM rahI hogii| isa sabakA tAtparya yaha huA ki upalabdha purAtAttvika sAmagrI se tulanA karane para, uparyukta vivaraNa kA lekhanakAla IsA kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM se pUrva kA nahIM pratIta hotA / isa kAla kI jo tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ mathurA se prApta huI haiM unapara tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora eka-eka camaradhArI sevaka yA eka karabaddha nAga aura kabhI-kabhI mUrti ke Upara donoM ora eka-eka mAlAdhara aura tIrthaMkara ke mastaka para chatra avazya hote haiM / kuNDadhara, TIkAkAroM ke anusAra, ve sAdhAraNa deva hote haiM jo AdezoM kA (iMdra ke ?) pAlana karate haiM, kintu yadi kuNDa zabda kA artha jalaghaTa-jaisI koI vastu liyA jAye to hama mathurA kI una mUrtiyoM ko inakI samAnAMtara mAna sakeMge jo kabhI-kabhI jala-pAtra liye hotI haiN| uparyakta vivaraNa meM na tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM kA koI ullekha hai, na hI zAsana-devatAoM (arthAt ve sevaka, yakSa aura yakSI jo zAsana yA jaina saMgha kA saMrakSaNa karate haiM) kI mUrtiyoM kaa| ye abhiprAya mathurA meM bhI kuSANakAla kI kRtiyoM meM anupasthita haiN| vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya vaha zrIvatsacihna hai jisakA ullekha lakSaNa-graMthoM meM AtA hai aura jo mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM para avazya utkIrNa kiyA gayA, kintu yaha cihna na to lohAnIpura se prApta paoNlizadAra (mauryakAlIna) dhar3a para hai aura na priMsa oNfa velsa myUjiyama kI usa prAcIna kAyotsarga pArzvanAtha-kAMsya-mUrti para jise maiMne IsA se bhI pUrva kI siddha kiyA hai (dekhie prathama bhAga meM pR0 60-61, citra 37) / pratIta hotA hai ki padataloM aura karataloM para utkIrNa kiye jAne vAle cihna aura vakSasthala para utkIrNa kiyA jAne vAlA zrIvatsa-cihna liye to gaye mahApuruSoM ke lakSaNoM kI pracalita paraMparA 1 isa zvetAMbara mAnyatA kI tulanA digaMbara harivaMzapurANa (parva 5, zloka 361-65) ke usa saMkSipta vivaraNa se kI jA sakatI hai jisameM akRtrima siddhoM ke parivAra arthAt siddhAyatana meM virAjamAna zAzvata pratimAoM kA ullekha hai. 487

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siddhAMta evaM pratikArtha [ bhAga 1 se, kintu unheM tIthaMkara-mUrti kI mukhya vizeSatAoM meM sthAna de diyA gyaa| zAzvata tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana jina graMthoM meM hai unameM aisA koI ullekha nahIM ki tIrthaMkaroM ke zarIra para vastra bhI hotA thaa| kisI bhI prAcIna jaina graMtha meM mahApuruSoM ke lakSaNoM kA nirdeza nahIM hai jabaki bauddha saMkara saMskRta graMthoM tathA anya bauddha graMthoM meM unakA nirdeza sAmAnya rUpa se huA hai| tathApi, aupapAtika-sUtra nAmaka eka upAMga Agama graMtha meM jo mahAvIra ke zarIra kA samUcA varNana (varNaka) AyA hai aura jo anya sabhI AgamoM meM usI rUpa meM milatA hai usameM mahAvIra ke zarIra kI eka atyaMta ullekhanIya vizeSatA aisI bhI batAyI gayI hai jo prAcIna bauddha graMthoM meM varNita mahApuruSa-lakSaNoM se milatI-julatI hai aura kahIMkahIM to unakI zabdAvalI bhI eka-sI hai| mahAvIra ke zarIra kA aupapAtika-sUtra meM jo varNana AyA haiusake anusAra mahAvIra ke zarIra kI U~cAI sAta hAtha thI, unake zarIra kA saMhanana vajra ke samAna sudRr3ha thA, unakI zvAsa kamala kI bhA~ti sugaMdhita thI aura unakA rUpa sudarzana thaa| zarIra sveda tathA aise hI anya doSoM se mukta thaa| unake mastaka kA agrabhAga sudRr3ha thA aura kuTAkAra arthAt parvata-zikhara kI bhA~ti unnata thA aura mastaka para gahare kAle aura saghana keza aise ghugharAle the mAnoM kAr3ha diye gaye hoM (pradakSiNAvarta) / dADima-puSpoM ke guccha ke AkAra kA bhagavAn kA kapAla svarNa kI bhA~ti nirmala aura kAMtimAn thA; unakA mastaka chatrAkAra thA; unakA samAnupAta lalATa caMdramA kI bhA~ti niSkalaMka aura prabhAmaya thA; pUrNa caMdra-sA camatkRta mukha-maNDala sadA prasanna, AnupAtika aura utkRSTa thA, kapola hRSTa-puSTa the| unake netra-roma bArIka, gahare kAle aura cikane the aura uttAna dhanuSa kI bhA~ti dikhate the; unake netra pUrNa vikasita zveta kamala kI bhA~ti the jinake roma bhI zveta varNa ke the; unakI nAsikA laMbI, patalI aura garur3a kI nAsikA-sI unnata thI; unakA adharoSTha pravAla yA cerI yA biMba-phala kI bhA~ti mohaka aura raktAbha thA; caMdramA, zaMkha, dugdha Adi kI bhA~ti dhavala unakI daMtAvali paripUrNa, akhaNDita, ekarUpa aura samatala thI; unakA tAlu aura jihvA tapta svarNa ke samAna ujjvala thI; saMbhAlI huI unakI dAr3hI-mUMcha unako avasthA ke anusAra bar3hI huI thIM, unakI dAr3hI siMha kI-sI sUgaThita aura suvikasita thii| cAra aMgula laMbI unakI grIvA zaMkha ke samAna (kamba-grIvA) thii| unake kaMdhe vRSabha, siMha, zUkara yA gaja ke kaMdhe kI bhA~ti vizAla aura pratipUrNa the; unakI gola, sugaThita aura mAMsala bhujAoM ke jor3a sudRr3ha the aura ve nagara-dvAra kI argalA kI bhAMti laMbI thIM; unake laMbe aura sabala hAtha unnata-phaNa bhujaMga-se dikhate the; unake komala mAMsala aura raktAbha karataloM para maMgala-cihna 1 jaina aura bauddha varNanoM ke vizleSaNa meM likhA gayA eka lekha isa lekhaka ne iNTaranezanala kAMgresa praoNfa moriyaNTalisTsa ke naI dillI meM 1964 meM hue adhivezana meM par3hA thA aura use vogala kammemorezana vaoNlyUma meM prakAzanArtha bhejA thA jo durbhAgya se abataka prakAzita nahIM ho pAyA hai, isalie yahA~ aupapAtika-sUtra kA varNana hI unmukta anuvAda ke rUpa meM diyA jA rahA hai kyoMki yahA~ usakI upayogitA spaSTa hai. 2 aupapAtika-sUtra, sUtra 10, aura abhayadeva kI TIkA, 1 26-42. 3 aisA to nahIM ki uSNISa kA pracalana isI se huA ho ? 488

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adhyAya 35] mUrtizAstra vidyamAna the aura a~guliyA~ paraspara saMpRkta (acchidra-jAla-pANi) thiiN| yaha eka aisA lakSaNa hai jo guptakAlIna buddha-mUrtiyoM meM milatA hai para kuSANakAla kI eka bhI mUrti meM nahIM milatA; a~guliyA~ puSTa bhI thIM aura komala bhI aura raktima nakha tA~be kI bhA~ti kAMtimAn the| unake karataloM para caMdra, sUrya, zaMkha, cakra, svastika Adi ke cihna vidyamAna the| unake svarNa-paTala kI bhA~ti camakate hue sugaThita aura susparza vakSasthala para zrIvatsa kA cihna vidyamAna thA; unakI sudRr3ha pITha kI asthiyA~ mAMsa-peziyoM se adRzya thiiN| svarNa-daNDa-sA dedIpyamAna unakA zarIra saumya aura puSTa thaa| unakI bagaleM sUbaddha, saMdara aura samarUpa thIM; unake zarIra ke roma nirmala, komala, sarala, sarasa, susparza aura mohaka the| unakA udara matsya yA pakSI ke udara kI bhA~ti sabala aura pIna thA aura unakI kokha matsya kI kokha ke samAna thI; unake zarIra ke sabhI avayava nirmala aura nirdoSa the; nava-vikasita kamala-ke-se AkAra kI unakI gaharI nAbhi gaMgA kI taraMga kI bhA~ti bhItara-hI-bhItara pradakSiNAvarta thii| Upara-nIce sthUla aura madhya meM kRza unakA dhar3a yA zarIra kA madhya bhAga tipAI yA mUsala yA darpaNa yA vajra kI bhA~ti thA; unake nitaMba aise the jaise utkRSTa koTi ke azva yA siMha ke hote haiM, azva ke guptAMgoM ke samAna unake bhI guptAMga nirdoSa aura sugaThita the / sarvottama gaja kI cAla ke samAna unakI cAla thI / unakI jaMghAe~ maja kI sUr3ha jaisI thIM; unakI gulpha-saMdhiyA~ adRzya thIM mAno DhakkanadAra peTI meM chipI hoM; unakI piNDaliyA~ mRga kI piNDaliyoM ke samAna thIM, unake sugaThita ghaTane mAMsa-peziyoM meM luptaprAya the, kacchapa ke caraNoM kI bhA~ti unake suramya aura sugaThita caraNoM meM a~guliyA~ saMpRkta thIM aura unake nakha tAmra-varNa the| kamala-dala kI bhA~ti unake sukomala aura raktima padataloM para parvata, nagara, kacchapa, samudra, cakra Adi ke cihna vidyamAna the| pradIpta agni yA prakAza-paMja yA udIyamAna sUrya kI bhA~ti tejasvI mahAvIra meM ve eka hajAra pATha lakSaNa vidyamAna the jo kisI bhI mahAmAnava meM honA cAhie / tIrthaMkara yA buddha kI sabhI mUrtiyA~ mahApuruSa-lakSaNoM kI mUla avadhAraNA para AdhArita haiN| parokSa rUpa se pratIta hotA hai ki jaina avadhAraNA meM uSNISa to thA para UrNA nhiiN| abataka jJAta yA prakAzita tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM meM AdhA darjana hI adhika-se-adhika aisI hoMgI jinameM UrNA kA aMkana hai| uSNISa kA aMkana prAyaH sabhI mUrtiyoM meM niraMtara huA, paraMtu mathurA aura anya sthAnoM meM aisI mUrtiyA~ bhI milI haiM jinameM vaha nahIM hai| lalATa para gola tilaka kA aMkana bahuta kama hA; isakA eka udAharaNa mathurA meM milA hai (prathama khaNDa meM pR0 114 rekhAcitra 6 meM vArANasI se prApta muurti-sNpaadk)| yaha jaina vivaraNa sthiramati ke graMtha ratna-gotra-vibhAga meM AyI buddha-mUrti kI avadhAraNA ke atyaMta anurUpa hai| tIrthaMkara ke zarIra kA eka Adarza kintu saMkSipta vivaraNa vasudeva-hiNDI meM bhI hai jo gupta kAla kA hI graMtha hai| 1 jarnala oNfa va bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI, 36, 4 1-119 aura adhyAya 3, zloka 17-25. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, 'tharTI-Tra mAksa oNfa buddha-baoNDI', jarnala oNfa di oriyaMTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3auvA, 1. aMka 1. 4 20-22. 489

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 jaina paraMparAoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkara kI kucha asAdhAraNa vizeSatAe~ (atizaya) hotI haiN| paraMtu samavAyAMgasatra Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM varNita atizayoM kI nAmAvali se aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM ko pRthak nahIM rakhA gayA hai jo tIrthaMkara-mUrti ke parikara ke rUpa meM sarvatra aMkita kiye jAte haiN| mahAprAtihAryoM ke rUpa meM aMkita ATha atizayoM kA pracalana taba AraMbha huA jaba donoM AmnAyoM kI mUrtiyoM meM eka sarvAMga-pUrNa parikara kI anivAryatA mAna lI gyii| yaha prakriyA kramika thI, isakI puSTi taba hotI hai jaba kuSANa aura gupta kAloM kI mUrtiyoM kI tulanA uttara-gupta aura madhya kAloM kI mUrtiyoM se kI jAtI hai / mUrtizAstra tathA avaziSTa kalAkRtiyoM se siddha hotA hai ki jaina dharma meM deva-deviyoM kI mAnyatA gupta kAla ke anaMtara atitIvra gati se vikasita huii| tAMtrika prabhAva bauddha aura hindU dharmoM para madhya kAla ke prAraMbha se hI par3a rahA thaa| isa pravAha se jaina dharma baca na sakA jisake phalasvarUpa iMdranaMdI ne jvAlAmAlinIkalpa, malliSeNa ne bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa aura zubhacaMdra ne aMbikAkalpa nAmaka graMtha likhe / jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM para hindU karmakANDa kA durdama prabhAva par3A jisakA pramANa hai AzAdhara (digaMbara) kA pratiSThAsAroddhAra, pAdalipta kI nirvANakalikA aura vardhamAna-sUri (zvetAMbara) kA AcAra-dinakara / jainetara tattvoM se ApUrNa tAMtrika prabhAva itanA vyApaka huA ki vaha matisAgara ke graMtha vidyAnuzAsana (lagabhaga solahavIM zatAbdI) meM prakaTa huA jo aba bhI aprakAzita hai| ina graMthoM aura donoM AmnAyoM ke aneka pratiSThA-graMthoM meM jaina mUrtizAstra kI apAra sAmagrI vidyamAna hai| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, kannar3a, tamila Adi ke jaina purANa jaina mUrtizAstra ke adhyayana ke samRddha srota haiN| stotra-graMthoM aura sAtha-sAtha AkhyAna-graMthoM meM bhI isa viSaya kI sAmagrI vidyamAna hai| prAraMbhika graMtha mAnasAra ke atirikta aparAjitapRcchA, devatAmUrtiprakaraNa, rUpamaNDana, Thakkura pheru kA vAstusAra Adi zilpagraMtha bhI atyaMta mahattvapUrNa haiM jinameM jaina mUrtizAstra ke adhyayana kI sAmagrI vidyamAna hai| pratIka jaina darzana meM sRSTikartA Izvara kA koI vidhAna nahIM aura mokSa-prApti ke lie siddhAMta kI dRSTi se to mUrti-pUjA taka nitAMta anAvazyaka hai| vAstava meM bhAva-pUjA (manoyoga) hI sArthaka hai, na ki dravya-pUjA (bhautika-upAsanA, mUrti-pUjA), jaisAki kuMdakuMdAcArya ne likhA hai| jaina darzana meM, isIlie, pUjA kA tAtparya kisI divya puruSa athavA deva yA devI kI nahIM balki aise manuSya kI pUjA se hai jo saba prakAra ke baMdha se mukta hokara kRtakRtya ho cukA ho| isakA tAtparya usa vyakti-pUjA se 1 draSTavya : campatarAya jaina, prAuTalAina oNpha jainijma, pR 129-30. /puSpadaMta kA mahApurANa, 1, 18, 7-10, samavAyAMga-sUtra, sUtra 34,459-60./abhidhAnacintAmariNa, hemacaMdrakRta, 1,57-64, siloyapaNNaraNattI, 4, 1896 tathA paravartI, 915 tathA paravartI. 490

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adhyAya 35] mUrtizAstra bhI nahIM jo sAmAnya artha meM pracalita hai varan kisI bhI kRtakRtya manuSya arthAt mukta prAtmA kI usa guNa-rAzi kI pUjA se hai jisakA, tIrthaMkara-mUrti kI pUjA ke rUpa meM, koI pUjaka anusmaraNa karatA hai, stavana karatA hai aura apane-Apa meM jisakI abhivyakti karatA hai| ataH eka mUrti kisI tIrthaMkara yA mahApuruSa kI apekSA ukta guNa-rAzi kI pratIka adhika siddha hotI hai| mukta AtmAeM arthAt siddha arthAt tIrthakara (ve siddha jo zrAvakoM, zrAvikAoM, sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ke saMgha ke rUpa meM jaina tIrtha kA pravartana karate haiM) aisI AtmAe~ haiM jo rAga aura dveSa se mukta ho cukI haiM, isIlie apanI mUrtiyoM ke pUjakoM para ve na prasanna hote haiM aura na aprasanna / aisI mUrti kI pUjA ke dvArA bhakta 'jina' kI vizeSatAoM yA guNoM kA smaraNa karatA hai aura unheM svayaM apane jIvana-prANa meM abhivyakta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| isa kAraNa se spaSTa hai ki mUrti-pUjA kA sUtrapAta aura svIkRti jaina dharma meM kevala isalie huI kyoMki jana-sAdhAraNa yA zrAvaka-varga usake binA raha nahIM sakatA thA aura kadAcit vaha kisI-nakisI prakAra kI mUrti-pUjA kA abhyasta rahA thaa| yakSoM, nAgoM, bhUtoM, mukuMda, iMdra, skaMda, vAsudeva, vRkSoM, nadiyoM Adi kI pUjA ke ullekha jaina AgamoM meM prAyaH milate haiN| ina deva-deviyoM kI stuti vara kI AzA se, saMtAna-prApti ke lie tathA aisI hI kisI apekSA se kI jAtI thii| isIlie, svabhAvataH jaina dharma meM isa prakAra kI pUjA kA samAveza taba huA jaba usameM Atmika sAdhanA aura AmnAya-bhedoM ke vikAsa-krama ke anusAra tIrthaMkaroM, siddhoM aura sAdhuoM kI pUjA kA sUtrapAta huaa| jainetara prakRti aura AmnAya ke tattvoM kI pUjA ko sthAnApanna karane aura unake nirAkaraNa yA parihAra ke prayAsa meM bhI kadAcit yaha sUtrapAta hA / yaha atyaMta svAbhAvika thA ki prAraMbha meM ahaMtoM (tIrthakaroM), siddhoM prAcAryoM (kisI vizeSa gaNa yA gaccha yA kula ke sAdhuoM, sAdhviyoM aura unake anuyAyiyoM ke pramukha), upAdhyAyoM (ve sAdhu jo zAstroM kA adhyayana aura vyAkhyAna karate haiM) aura sAdhuoM kI hI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA kA sUtrapAta huA aura vaha anumata huii| inheM pA~ca lokottama yA paMca-parameSThI kahA jAtA hai| sarvotkRSTa aura pUjyottama stuti aura maMtra ke rUpa meM pracalita jaina navakAra-maMtra yA namaskAramaMtra meM inhIM pA~ca lokottamoM, ahaMtoM, siddhoM, prAcAryoM, upAdhyAoM aura sAdhuoM ko, pRthak-pRthaka sUtroM meM, namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| eka kamala-pratIka para usakI cAra paMkhur3iyoM para (pratyeka dizA meM eka) cAra kI aura madhya meM ahaMta arthAt tIrthakara kI prastuti kI gayI / yadyapi isa prakAra kI prastuti kisI prAcIna kalAkRti para dRSTigata nahIM hotI tathApi pratIta hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM prAraMbha se hI ina pAMcoM lokottamoM ko jaina dharma meM pUjA kA sarvotkRSTa pAtra mAnA gyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt, aise kamala-pratIka para pUrva, dakSiNa pazcima aura uttara dizAmoM kI paMkhaDiyoM ke madhya eka-eka paMkhur3I aura banAyI jAne lagI jinapara cAra anya dravyoM kI prastuti kI gyii| . 491

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 ye cAra dravya zvetAMbara AmnAya ke anusAra samyak jJAna, samyak darzana, samyak cAritrya aura samyak tapa haiM aura digaMbara AmnAya ke anusAra caitya (jina-mUrti), caityAlaya (jina-mUrti sahita maMdira), zruta (zAstra) aura dharma-cakra haiN| eka rekhAkRti ke rUpa meM inakI prastuti pASANa yA dhAtu ke mAdhyama se kI gayI yA unheM vastra yA kAgaja para citrAMkita kiyA gyaa| aisI zvetAMbara rekhAkRti siddhacakra (citra 307, pASANa para, nADaula meM prApta; citra 306 ka, kAMsya-nirmita, bar3audA-saMgrahAlaya meM) kahalAtI hai aura digaMbara rekhAkRti navadevatA (citra 306 kha, kAMsya-nirmita, tirupparuttikkUNram meM prApta ) / isa rekhAkRti ke citrAMkana meM pA~coM parameSThI pRthak-pRthak raMgoM meM aMkita kiye jAte haiN| ahaMta, siddha, prAcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kramazaH zveta, lAla, pIle, nIle aura kAle raMgoM meM aMkita hote haiN| zvetAMbara nava-pada meM zeSa cAra dravyoM kA raMga, nava-pada-ArAdhanA-vidhi' nAmaka graMtha ke anusAra, dhyAna ke raMga ke anurUpa zveta hotA hai| paMca-parameSThiyoM kI eka digaMbara rekhAkRti eka dakSiNa bhAratIya kAMsya-phalaka para aMkita hai jo samaMtabhadra vidyAlaya, dillI ke saMgraha meM vidyamAna hai (citra 308) / digaMbara taMtra meM laghu-siddhacakra aura bRhat-siddhacakra nAmaka do rekhAkRtiyA~ aura bhI haiM jo digaMbara nava-devatA aura zvetAMbara siddhacakra se bahuta bhinna haiM / hemacaMdra ne likhA hai ki siddhacakra kI rekhAkRti ke rUpa meM prastuti kA vidhAna vajrasvAmI ne vidyAnupravAda-pUrva nAmaka aMtima Agama ke AdhAra para IsA kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM kisI samaya kiyA thaa| apane graMtha zabdAnuzAsana para svopajJa TIkA bRhannyAsa meM hemacaMdra ne siddhacakra ko eka samaya-prasiddha (paraMparA se pracalita) rekhAkRti batAyA / siddhacakra kI rekhAkRti kI pUjA kA isase prAcInatara ullekha eka bhI upalabdha nahIM hai kiMtu iMdranaMdI kI mAnI jAne vAlI (lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI) jina-saMhitA ke nitya-saMdhyA kriyA-vidhi nAmaka vibhAga meM nava-devatAoM kI stuti kI gayI hai / pratIta hotA hai ki prAraMbhika kAla se paMca-parameSThiyoM kI pUjA aura stuti hotI rhii| 1 rAmacaMdran, pUrvokta, citra 36, 2. 2 aura vistAra ke lie draSTavya' : zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR 97-103. 3 siri-siribAlakahA, zloka 1185-91 ke anusAra bhI. 4 pratiSThA-sAroddhAra. adhyAya 6./siddhapratiSThAviSi, zloka 10-14./eka saMdhi kI jina-saMhitA (pANDulipi), adhyAya 9, zloka 88 tathA paravartI, vAdi-kumudacaMdra ke pratiSThAkalpaTippaNam (pANDulipi) kA yaMtra-maMtra-vidhi nAmaka vibhAga. 5 yogazAstra, 8,74-75. 6 isa graMtha kI khaNDita pANDulipiyA~ digaMbara jaina zAstra-bhaNDAroM meM vidyamAna hai. 492

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adhyAya 35] mUrtizAstra nADola : zvetAMbara maMdira meM saMgamaramara kI paMca-parameSThiyoM kI mUrti citra 307

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 dakSiNa bhArata : paMca-parameSThiyoM kI kAMsya-nirmita digaMbara mUrti (samaMtabhadra vidyAlaya, dillI) citra 308

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra (ka) bar3audA saMgrahAlaya : siddhacakra, zvetAMbara SC (kha) tirupparuttikkuNram : trailokyanAtha-maMdira meM nava-devatAoM kI kAMsya-nirmita mUrti citra 309 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [bhAga 1 (ka) gvAliyara kilA : eka caumukha (kha) sUrata : digaMbara maMdira meM bahattara tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM meM aMkita eka caumukha citra 310 .

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra (ka) kAraMjA : balAtkAra-gaNa digaMbara jaina maMdira meM kAMsya-nirmita sahasrakUTa All400 BHARRAINMARATHI baadabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaaye Entiramirardinarararathi (kha) bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya : caubIsa tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM se aMkita kAMsya-mUrti citra 311

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 (ka) dakSiNa bhArata : caitya-vRkSa ke nIce tIrthakara (samaMtabhadra vidyAlaya, dillI) (kha) bar3audA : zvetAMbara maMdira meM pItala kI paTTI para aSTa-maMgala citra 312 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 35] mUrtizAstra A kuMbhAriyA : maMdira kI chata meM mahAvIra ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kA aMkana citra 313 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 1. DHEEREOGyAya SODSURE Headline ARTISpacacies NiDONOMOUSERCED EMORRHASIRE ENERRESERela CAPSUGGERane AGRIDWAITERAGE POININN5600RDPRG NEUPATTA2200 PATANESESS JATRARMER desoxS al dilyHRADESHDSE PissOJPART22226 STORGAR H Some mUDabidrI : kAMsya-nirmita zruta-skaMdha-yaMtra citra 314 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra kaMkAlI-TIlA ke utkhananoM se prApta kuSANakAlIna purAvazeSoM meM siddhacakra yA nava-devatA kI aisI koI rekhAkRti nahIM hai jisameM pA~coM parameSThiyoM kI eka sAtha prastuti ho, yadyapi unameM se tIrthaMkara, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI pRthak-pRthak prastutiyA~ dRSTigata hotI haiM / siddha kI pRthak prastuti ke viSaya meM isa nirNaya para pahu~canA kaThina hai ki jina mUrtiyoM para kisI tIrthaMkara kA cihna na ho unheM siddhoM kI mUrtiyA~ mAnA jAtA thA yA nahIM / siddha azarIrI, arthAt mAnava zarIrarUpI baMdhana se bhI mukta hote haiM, isIlie AraMbhika kAla meM unakI mUrti kI pUjA kadAcit nahIM kI gayI / avazya hI, digaMbara maMdiroM meM vidyamAna bahuta bAda kI kAMsya mUrtiyoM meM siddha kI prastuti dhAtuphalaka para kaTe sTeMsila ke rUpa meM milatI hai, aura siddhacakra tathA nava-devatA kI rekhAkRtiyoM kI pASANoM para aura citrAMkanoM meM huI madhyakAlIna prastutiyoM meM to siddha kI bhI prastuti huI hI hai / paraMtu mathurA se prApta kuSANakAlIna avazeSoM se itanA avazya jJAta hotA hai ki vikAsa ke AraMbhikatama caraNoM meM caitya- stUpa, caitya-vRkSa aura prayAga-paToM kI pUjA kI jAtI thI / vRkSa-pUjA na kevala bhArata meM pratyuta anya dezoM meM bhI pratiprAcIna kAla meM hotI thI / krismasa vRkSa isakA eka udAharaNa hai / aneka mudrAoM aura ThappoM para vidyamAna prastutiyoM se pramANita hai ki siMdhu sabhyatA meM bhI vRkSa-pUjA pracalita thI / canhU-dar3o se prApta eka mudrA para pippala vRkSa kI prastuti hai / ' har3appA se prApta kucha ThappoM para vRkSoM ko eka dIvAra yA vedikA se ghirA huA prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 'abhI yaha anizcita hai ki vRkSa pUjA kA saMbaMdha vRkSoM ke prAkRtika rUpa se thA yA unakI adhiSThAtA AtmAoM se+- / ' taittirIya brAhmaNa (1,1, 3) sAta pavitra vRkSoM kA ullekha hai / Rgveda ke prAprI-sUktoM meM vanaspatiyoM kI stuti kI gayI hai proSadhiyoM ko 'mAtAe~' aura 'deviyA~' kahA gayA hai aura unakI stuti mukhyataH jala aura parvatoM ke sAtha kI gayI hai / 4 caitya - vRkSoM kA ullekha atharvaveda- pariziSTa, 71 meM milatA hai, usameM bar3e vRkSoM ko devatA kahA gayA hai; unakA saMbaMdha mAnava kI jananI - zakti se jor3A gayA hai aura unapara rahane vAlI apsarAmroM se anurodha kiyA gayA hai ki ve vahA~ se gujarane vAlI varayAtrAoM kA maMgala kareM / ' zrAtmAnoM yA pretoM se yaha apekSA kI jAtI thI ki ve vRkSoM para raheM meM / 1 jaoNna mArzala mohana-jo-dar3o eNDa vi iNDasa sivilAijezana. 1931, 1. laMdana. pR 312. / majUmadAra. (ena jI) eksaplorezaMsa ina siMgha, memaoNyarsa oNfa di prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve zraoNfa iNDiyA, aMka 41, 1934, dillI. citra 17. 2 va vaidika eja, saMpAdaka : ramezacaMdra majUmadAra dhora pusAlakara, (eDI) 1951, laMdana, pR 188. 3 mekDaoNnala ( e e ). vaidika mAiyaoNlaoNjI. 1897. sTrAsavarga. pR 154. 4 vahI, Rgveda saMhitA, 10, 97, 4 jisameM vaisA hI likhA hai jaisA yajurveda saMhitA, 12,78 meM aura taittirIyasaMhitA 4, 2, 6, 1 meM. 5 AnaMdakumAra kumArasvAmI. hisTrI oNfa iNDiyana eNDa iNDoneziyana zrArTa. 1927. laMdana. pR 41. y 493

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 9 aura unapara baserA kareM; unheM devoM kI bhA~ti sammAna diyA jAtA thaa| ina vRkSavAsI pretoM ko pUjA arpita kI jAtI aura unheM prasanna karane ke lie vRkSa kI DAliyoM para mAlAe~ car3hAyI jAtIM, usake cAroM ora dIpa jalAye jAte aura usake nIce bali dI jAtI / 2 manu aura yAjJavalkya kA snAtakoM ke lie vidhAna hai ki ve mArga meM milane vAle pavitra vRkSoM (azvattha zrAdi) kI pradakSiNA kiyA kareM / mahAbhArata meM aise vRkSoM ko kATane taka kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai jinheM caitya mAnA jAtA ho / kANe ke anusAra caitya 'azvattha zrAdi aise vRkSa haiM jinake cAroM ora eka cabUtarA ( caitya ) 3 banA ho' / ' patthara se banA aisA cabUtarA yA baiThakA arthAt pITha yakSa kA rainabaserA (bhavana) mAnA jAtA, jaisA ki kumArasvAmI ne likhA hai; ve yaha bhI likhate haiM : 'bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM ullikhita adhikatara yakSa - cetiya pavitra vRkSa rahe hoMge / " saMghadAsa gaNI kI vasudeva- hiNDI ( lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI) meM likhA hai ki magadha janapada ke sAliggAma meM eka manoramA nAmaka udyAna thA / usameM jakkha sumano thA jisakA patthara kA baiThakA yA cabUtarA (silA - zilA) azoka vRkSa ke nIce thA, zilA kA nAma sumanA thA / usapara loga usa yakSa kI pUjA karate the / ' satya nAma ke kisI vyakti ne isa yakSa ko prasanna karane ke lie sumanA zilA para kAyotsarga - mudrA meM dhyAna lagAkara khar3e-khar3e rAta bitAyI / pratIta hotA hai ki zilA zabda kA prayoga yahA~ usa zilA yA zilpakhaNDa ke lie huA jo azokavRkSa ( caitya vRkSa ke rUpa meM AdRta) ke nIce cabUtare ( silA-paesa) para sthApita thA aura jisapara dhyAnamagna satya khar3A ho sakA thA / isa prakAra, pahale jinake cAroM ora eka laghu vedikA ( vaisI hI jaisI siMdhughATI kI mudrAoM aura mathurA ke prayAga-paToM para hai ) 7 hI banI hotI thI una caitya vRkSoM ke nIce aba, buddha aura mahAvIra ke samaya taka, kadAcit usase bhI kucha pUrva, unake cAroM ora pASANa se ( yA IMToM se ) eka 1 chAMdogya upaniSad, 6, 11; / jAtaka, 4, pR 154. 2 jAtaka 5, pR 472, 474, 488; 4, 210, pR 353; 3, pR 23; 4, 153. sAtha hI manusmRti, 3, 88 / bRhad-gautama, jIvAnaMda vidyAsAgara ke saMgraha meM, bhAga 2, pR 625. 3 citya aura caitya zabdoM ke artha ke udbhava aura vikAsa ke lie aura jaina Agama sAhitya meM ullikhita tIna prakAra ke caityoM ke lie dekhie zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR43-45. 4 pANDuraMga vAmana kANe), hisTrI graoNfa dharmazAstra, 2,2, pR 895. 5 kumArasvAmI, pUrvokta, pR 7, TippaNI 4 aura 47. 6 vasudeva- hiNDI, pR 85 aura 88. 7 smitha, (vI e) va jaina stUpa eNDa avara eNTikviTIja praoNfa mathurA, prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve praoNpha iNDiyA, nyU iMpIriyala sIrija, 20, 1901, ilAhAbAda, citra 9, pR 16. isa zilA para utkIrNa abhilekha atyaMta chinna-bhinna ho gayA hai, epigrAphiyA iNDikA, 2, citra 1 kha pR 311-13. 494

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra cabUtarA banAyA jAne lagA aura usapara zilApaTa sthApita kiyA jAne lagA / ye zilApaTa sabhI vRkSoM ke nIce nahIM varan kevala unake nIce sthApita kiye jAte the jinakI pretoM ke baseroM ke rUpa meM pUjA kI jAtI thI / kucha caitya vRkSoM ke nIce kadAcit cabUtarA to hotA para zilApaTa sthApita na hotA, aura kucha caitya vRkSa vaise hI kevala vedikA ke sAtha rahe Aye / paraMtu bharahuta ke zilpAMkanoM meM zilApaToM ko caitya vRkSa ke pAsa AsanoM (sTUloM) para sthApita karake unakI pUjA karate hue bhakta dikhAye gaye haiM / vikAsa ke eka aise caraNa kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba zilApaTa ke UparI tala para hI pUjya vastu kA uddhRta utkIrNa kara liyA jAtA aura usapara naivedya arpita kiyA jAtA / mathurA ke kucha AyAga-paToM para madhya meM tIrthaMkara ke uddhRta utkIrNa kiye gaye / zrAyAga-paTa zabda se prakaTa hai ki unapara yA unake pAsa naivedya arpita kiyA jAtA thA / jaina AgamoM meM eka caitya ( jakkhAyayaNa- TIkAkAroM ke anusAra yakSa- caitya ) kA asaMkSipta varNana (varNaka) aupapAtika sUtra ke sUtra 2-5 meM pUrNabhadra caitya ke varNana ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / varNana yaha hai ki caMpAnagarI ke uttara-pUrva meM sthita AmrazAla vana meM pUrNabhadra caitya itane samaya se vidyamAna rahA ( cirAtIta ) ki loga use prAcIna ( porANa ) kahane lage, vaha prasiddha to thA hI / usake cAroM ora eka vizAla vana- khaNDa thA jisake madhya meM sthita uttuMga azokavRkSa ke nIce eka siMhAsana para eka pRthvI - zilApaTTa thA jo vRkSa kI ora thor3A-sA jhukA huA thA / vaha aMjana kI bhA~ti kAlA, nIlotpala kI bhA~ti gaharA nIlA, darpaNa-tala ( ayaMsaya-talovame ) ke samAna camakatA huA (pratibimba-grAhI ) thA aura usakA sparza navanIta, kapAsa Adi kI taraha komala thA / saMyogavaza, jaisA maiMne pahale likhA, yaha varNana 'nArdarna blaika-paoNlizDa veyara' nAma se prasiddha usa mRtpaTTa (pRthvI- zilA-paTTa) kA hai jisapara atyaMta zropadAra paoNliza hai aura jo chaThI zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM vidyamAna thA / 2 isa pRthvI - zilApaTTa se kaMkAlI-TIlA ke prayAga-paToM ne paraMparAgata AkAra-prakAra prApta kiyA / isa tathya kI puSTi loNazobhikA kI putrI vasu ke dvArA sthApita prAyAga-paTa ke usa prabhilekha 1 ( baru), beNI mAdhava. bharahuta 1937. kalakattA. khaNDa 3, rekhAcitra 26, 28, 30, 31, 32 / kumArasvAmI, pUrvokta, rekhAcitra 41, 46, 51. 2 ghoSitArAma bihAra kI nIvoM meM vibhinna raMgoM ke nArdarna blaika-paoNlizDa veyara mile haiM / madhyakAlIna TIkAkAra inakA pratIkArthaM samajhane meM asamartha rahe aura unhoMne zilApaTTa zabda ke pahale ke pRthvI zabda ko samajhAye binA hI chor3a diyA / yaha vastutaH pUrNabhadra kA caitya thA, na ki mAtRdevI pRthvI kA maMdira. yaha paTTa vAstava meM pRthvI - zilA (miTTI se banA ) thA. 3 495

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 se bhI hotI hai jisameM pAyAga-paTa ke lie zilA-paTo zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| abhilekha kI aMtima paMkti meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki yaha zilA-paTa ahaMtoM kI pUjA ke hetu (arahatapUjAye) hai| hemacaMdra ne jaina maMdiroM meM aMkita aSTa-maMgaloM meM bali-paToM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye nizcita rUpa se AyAga-paTa hI the kyoMki abataka prakAza meM Aye kaMkAlI-TIlA ke pratyeka AyAga-paTa (sAdhu kaNha ora AryavatI ke AyAga-paToM ke chor3akara, prathama khaNDa meM citra 16) para aSTa-maMgaloM meM se koI na-koI pratIka avazya aMkita hai aura vaha bhI usake madhya meM mukhya abhiprAya ke rUpa meN| isa prakAra, prAyAga-paToM para svastika, triratna, stUpa, dharmacakra, sthApanAcArya (jise vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne iMdrayaSTi mAnA hai) Adi ke aMkana mile haiN| kucha AyAga-paToM para to AThoM maMgala-pratIkoM ke aMkana kiye gaye, isake udAharaNa haiM sIhanAdika dvArA sthApita prAyAga-paTa, bhadra-naMdrI kI patnI dvArA sthApita AyAga-paTa aura mathurA ke eka ajJAta dAnI dvArA sthApita pAyAga-paTa / usa samaya kI aSTa-maMgaloM kI nAmAvali Aja pracalita zvetAMbara aura digaMbara nAmAvaliyoM se kucha bhinna thii| caitya vRkSoM ke nIce bane cabUtare para pUjA kI vastue~ sthApita karane kI paddhati bhArata meM aba bhI vartamAna hai, hama Aja bhI grAmoM aura nagaroM meM vRkSoM ke nIce aise cabUtaroM para rakhI huI khaNDita yA akhaNDita mUrtiyA~ aura zilAkhaNDa dekhate haiM / lagabhaga prathama zatAbdI I0 pU0 kA eka acchA udAharaNa matharA kI eka zilpAMkita paTTI para vidyamAna hai jisameM eka vedikA ke madhya vRkSa ke nIce zivaliMga kA aMkana hai| aupapAtika sUtra meM pUrNabhadra (eka suparicita prAcIna yakSa) ke caitya ke varNana meM kisI nirmita maMdira kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, balki zilApaTTa-viziSTa-vRkSa ko hI yahA~ yakSa-Ayatana kI saMjJA dI gayI dikhatI hai, jaisA ki sUci-loma jAtaka (saMyukta nikAya, 11,5) se vyakta hotA hai jisameM eka 'TaMkite maMco' ko yakSa ke bhavana ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki zilApaTTa para kisI AkRti (yakSa yA koI devatA) kA aMkana yA caitya vRkSa ke nIce kisI devatA kI mUrti kI 1 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla. 'kaiTalaoNga oNfa da mathurA myUjiyama', jarnala praoNpha vi yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAyaTI 23, bhAga 1-2, pRSTha 69 tathA paravartI. aupapAtika sUtra ke isa aMza ke isase adhika varNana ke lie draSTavya : zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR 67 tathA paravartI. 2 umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha kI TippaNiyA~ draSTavya : 'varddhamAna-vidyA-paTa', jarnala praoNpha di iNDiyana sosAyaTI maoNfa moriyaNTala ArTa 9, 1941. /vizaSTi-zalAkA-puruSa-carita 1, 3, 422, ityAdi meM samavasaraNa ke varNana meM hemacaMdra ne likhA hai : toraNa patAkAoM aura zveta chatroM se alaMkRta ye aura inake nIce vidyamAna aSTa-maMgala pratIka vaise hI dikhate the jaise balipaTToM para hote haiM. 3 smitha, pUrvokta, citra 9,7; prathama khaNDa meM citra 3. mAyAga-paToM ke isase adhika varNana aura vivecana ke lie draSTavya : zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR77-84, citra 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 14 ka, 14 kha Adi / 4 zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, citra 67. 496

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adhyAya 35] mUrtizAstra sthApanA vikAsa-krama meM kucha bAda meM pracalita huI,1 para yadi jaina Agama sAhitya meM varNita rAjagaha ke maggarapANi yakSa ke Ayatana kA kAla mahAvIra ke samaya taka le jAyA jA sake to yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA ki pracalana kA ukta vikAsa-krama bhI mahAvIra ke samaya taka le jAyA jA skegaa| buddha aura mahAvIra tathA aneka prAcIna vicAraka aura sAdhu aise vRkSoM ke nIce ina cabUtaroM para dhyAna lagAyA karate the / vRkSoM ke nIce dhyAna lagAne kI yaha paddhati vaisI hI hai jisakA anusaraNa kadAcita buddha ne kiyA / rAisa DeviDasa ne isI dRSTi se likhA hai ki jaba koI bahata gaMbhIra zaMkAsamAdhAna cala rahA hotA taba use sthagita karane ko buddha kahA karate--'ye rahe vRkSa; karo samAdhAna apanI zaMkA kaa| vRkSa kI cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka pITha ke nirmANa aura usapara zilApaTTa kI sthApanA ke pracalana se caitya vRkSa kI pUjA ke vikAsa ke agale krama kA spaSTa AbhAsa milatA hai| isase maulika avadhAraNA prApta haI, eka to caitya ke prAraMbhika rUpa ko jo cAroM ora anAvRta hotA, aura dUsare, caturmukha maMdira ko, sAtha hI kaMkAlI-TIlA kI pratimA sarvatobhadrikA ko jisake cAroM ora eka-eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti khar3I (prathama khaNDa meM citra 18) yA baiThI mudrA meM aMkita hotI hai| isa vicAra kI pUSTi, Adi-purANa meM jinasena ne AdinAtha ke samavasaraNa meM vidyamAna caitya vRkSoM kA jo savistAra varNana kiyA hai usase hotI hai| unheM caitya vRkSa kahate haiM kyoMki unake nIce cAroM ora eka-eka jinamUrti (caitya) sthApita hotI hai| bhavanavAsI nikAya ke devoM ke caitya vRkSoM kA varNana tiloya-paNNattI meM bhI isI prakAra kA hai| caturmukha pratimA (cAroM ora sammukha dikhane vAlI mUrti) kI maulika avadhAraNA, samavasaraNa ke saMdarbha meM isa mAnyatA para AdhArita hai ki jisake madhya meM sthita pITha para virAjamAna tIrthaMkara apane cAroM ora baiThe darzaka-varga ko upadeza dete haiM aise usa maNDalAkAra sabhAgAra meM iMdra una tIrthakara kI unake pUrNatayA anurUpa tIna mUrtiyA~ una tInoM dizAoM ke sammukha sthApita kara detA hai jinameM svayaM tIrthaMkara sammukha nahIM hote, tAki vahA~ cAroM ora baiThe darzaka una tIrthaMkara ko pratyakSavat dekha skeN| isa prakAra, isa avadhAraNA meM yaha spaSTa hai ki ve jo mUrtiyA~ hotI haiM ve kisI eka hI tIrthakara kI hotI haiM jise cAroM ora se dekhA jAnA abhISTa hotA hai / phalitArtha yaha ki mahAvIra kI eka caturmukha mUrti ho to 1 tulanA kIjie, prodete vienauta. lA kalte da la' parve dA~sa la' iM aiMzyene, citra 8 gha, amarAvatI stUpa se saMbaddha. 2 tulanA kIjie, bhagavatIsUtra, 3, 2, sUtra 144, jisameM varNana hai ki mahAvIra eka vRkSa ke nIce pRthvI-zilA-paTTa para dhyAna lagAye baiThe the. 3 rAisa DeviDsa, (TI DablyU). buddhisTa iNDiyA. pR 230-31. 4 prAdipurANa 22, 184-204, 1, pR 524-27. 5 tiloya-paNNattI, 3, 33-39, 1, pR 115. 497

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 usakI cAroM ora kI mUrtiyA~ mahAvIra kI hI hoNgii| kintu kaMkAlI-TIlA kI prAyaH sabhI caturmukha mUrtiyoM meM pratyeka dizA kI sammukha mUrti pRthak-pRthak tIrthaMkara kI hai| una tIrthaMkaroM meM se kama-se-kama do kI pahacAna ho sakatI hai-eka RSabhanAtha jinake kaMdhoM para laharAtI keza-rAzi kA aMkana hotA hai aura dUsare pArzvanAtha jinake mastaka para nAga-phaNAvali kA vitAna hotA hai| tIsare mahAvIra hone cAhie kyoMki ve aMtima tIrthaMkara the, aura cauthe neminAtha ho sakate haiN| yaha anumAna isalie kiyA gayA hai kyoMki kalpasUtra meM jo zeSa bIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra likhe haiM ve eka hI zailI meM haiM aura ekadUsare se adhikatara milate-julate haiN| isa kAraNa se, yaha saMbhava hai ki pAdapIThoM para utkIrNa abhilekhoM meM jinheM pratimA-sarvatobhadrikA kahA gayA hai aisI ye mathurA kI caturmukha mUrtiyA~ samavasaraNa kI gaMdhakuTI (jisameM virAjamAna hokara tIrthaMkara upadeza dete haiM) kI avadhAraNA para AdhArita na hokara vRkSoM ke nIce bane yakSa-caityoM ke anukaraNa para banAyI jAne lagI ho| jaina AgamoM meM Aye siddhAyatanoM ke samUce varNanoM (varNaka se jJAta hotA hai ki aise maMdira meM tIna dvAra hote the| pratyeka dvAra ke sammukha eka-eka mukha-maNDapa hotA thA jo aSTa-maMgala pratIkoM se alaMkRta hotA thaa| unake sammukha prekSAgRha-maNDapa yA sabhAgAra hote the| unake sAmane eka-eka caitya-stUpa maNi-pIThikA para banA hotA thaa| pratyeka stUpa ke cAroM ora eka-eka maNi-pIThikA yA cabUtarA hotA thA jisapara stUpa kI ora abhimukha tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyAM sthApita hotI thiiN| isase caturmakha tIrthaMkara-mUrti kI avadhAraNA para prakAza par3atA hai| jinasena ke AdipurANa meM mAna-staMbha nAmaka eka vizeSa prakAra ke staMbhoM kA varNana hai jo samavasaraNa ke prathama kSetra meM sthita hote haiN| ina staMbhoM ke mUla meM cAroM ora eka-eka svarNamaya tIrthakara-mUrti sthApita hotI hai| ina staMbhoM kA varNana tiloya-paNNattI' meM bhI hai jisameM likhA hai ki jina-mUrti staMbha ke zIrSa para sthApita hotI thii| guptakAlIna abhilekha se aMkita kahAUM-staMbha ke zIrSa para cAroM ora eka-eka aura mUla meM eka tIrthaMkara-mUti prastuta kI gayI hai| ye mUrtiyA~ sAmAnyataH cAroM ora se anAvRta zIrSa-sthita maNDapa meM prastuta kI gayI haiN| yaha paddhati digaMbaroM meM Aja bhI vartamAna hai / devagar3ha meM kucha staMbha aise haiM jinameM mAna-staMbha kI isa prAcInatara paraMparA ke vividha rUpa milate haiN| kahIM-kahIM zIrSa para tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke atirikta mUla meM anucara devatAoM, yakSiyoM, 1 caitya ke vikAsa ke lie draSTavya : zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR. 43 tathA paravartI; vizeSa rUpa se pR 56-57, 94-95. 2 jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra 3. 2, 137 tathA paravartI. bhagavatIsUtra, 20, 9, sUtra 684-794 bhI draSTavya. 3 jinasena kA prAvi purANa, 22,92-102, pR 515-16. 4 tiloya-paNNattI, 4,779 tathA paravartI. yaha zodha upayogI hogI ki kaMkAlI-TIlA kI catumuMkha mUrtiyoM meM se koI kisI mAna-staMbha ke zIrSa yA mUla kA bhAga to nahIM thI. 5 phlITa (je efa). IskripzaMsa praoNfa di alI gupta kiMgsa, kaoNrpasa iMskripzanam iNDikeram, 3, 1888. kalakattA. pR66-68. 498

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pradhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra kSetrapAloM Adi kI mUrtiyA~ banAyI gayIM, kintu zIrSa para kahIM-kahIM cAroM tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM meM se kisI eka ke sthAna para kisI gaNadhara yA kisI prAcArya kI mUrti bhI banAyI gyii| isI paddhati kA eka bRhat udAharaNa rAjasthAna meM cittaur3a ke jaina staMbha ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai|| yahA~ caturmukha (caumukha) jaina maMdiroM kI avadhAraNA bhI ullekhanIya hai jinake garbhAlayoM meM cAroM ora eka-eka dvAra hotA hai aura pUjA ke lie sthApita mukhya mUrti caturmukha hotI hai, arthAt usake cAroM ora eka-eka (Avazyaka nahIM ki ve bhinna-bhinna na hoM) tIrthaMkara kA aMkana hotA hai| isa prakAra kA eka bahuta AraMbhika prasiddha maMdira baMgAla ke pahAr3apura meM hai jisapara hindU aMkana haiN| yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki vaha maMdira mUlata: jaina thA yA nahIM, paraMtu pahAr3apura meM prApta huI varSa 156 (478 I0) kI vaha tithyaMkita tAmra-paTTI ullekhanIya hai jisameM jaina paMca-stUpa-nikAya kA saMdarbha hai / tathApi, bhArata meM aneka jaina caumukha maMdira prasiddha haiM, jinameM se rAjasthAna meM rANakapura kA trailokyadIpaka nAmaka caturmukha prAsAda anupama kRti hai; eka aura prasiddha kRti hai AbU parvata para dilavAr3A ke maMdira-samUha meM kharatara-vasahi (lagabhaga paMdrahavIM zatI) nAmaka maMdira / / likhA jA cukA hai ki mathurA meM caturmukha mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA kA pracalana thaa| rAjagira kI sonabhaNDAra guphA meM eka guptottara kAla kI pASANa-nirmita caumukha mUrti hai jisake cAroM ora pRthakpRthaka tIrthaMkaroM--RSabha, ajita, saMbhava aura abhinaMdana ke aMkana haiN| bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI kI sAranAtha se prApta prAcInatara pASANa-nirmita mUrti bhI caumukha hai| samUce bhArata meM aneka jaina maMdiroM meM itihAsa ke vibhinna yugoM meM sthApita pASANa aura dhAtu kI caumukha mUrtiyA~ Aja bhI pUjI jAtI haiN| isa avadhAraNA kA madhyakAla meM parivardhita rUpa purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, gvAliyara kI eka mUrti (citra 310 ka) meM draSTavya hai / eka aisA yuga bhI AyA, kadAcit madhyakAla meM kisI samaya, jaba tIrthaMkaroM kI samahabaddha mUrtiyoM kI pUjA kA pracalana hupA-caubIsa kA samUha; bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke prAroM yA yUgoM kI eka-eka caubIsI kI saMyukta bahattara kA samUha (citra 310 kha), (sUrata ke eka digaMbara jaina maMdira meM); vibhinna kSetroM se saMbaddha eka sau sattara kA; aura loka kI racanA meM ullikhita sahasrakUTa se saMbaddha eka hajAra kA (citra 311 k)| inameM se aMtima ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI zilAoM para uddhRta kiye gaye / aMtima ko, suvidhA ke lie, eka caumukha kI bhA~ti cAroM ora laghu mUrtiyoM ke uddhRta dvArA banAyA gayA / bahattara yA eka sau sattara ke samUhoM ko bhI suvidhA kI dRSTi se caumukha kI bhA~ti cAroM ora prastuta kiyA gyaa| kintu jinapara caubIsa ke samUha ko cAroM ora prastuta kiyA gayA ho aise 1 draSTavyaH zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, rekhAcitra 56, devagar3ha ke maMdira-12 kI cahAradIvArI meM sthita eka mAna-staMbha ke lie; aura vahI, citra 82, cittaur3a ke staMbha ke lie (dvitIya khaNDa meM citra 219 bhI). 2 [pahAr3apura, rANakapura Adi ke lie isI khaNDa meM adhyAya 21 aura 28 draSTavya. --saMpAdaka.] 499

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 caumukha virala nahIM haiN| yaha bhI hai ki isa prakAra kI kRtiyoM meM prastuti kI kalA ke kAraNa bhinnatA milatI hai, jaise caubIsa ke samUha ko tIna Ar3I paMktiyoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA (citra 311 kha), yA bar3e samUhoM ko eka aise maMdira kI anukRti ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA jisapara zikhara kA aMkana bhI kiyA gayA ho| caitya-vRkSoM kI carcA phira uThAyI jaaye| jo sindhu-sabhyatA kI mudrAoM para dRSTigata hotI hai aura jo vaidika tathA smRti-sAhitya meM ullikhita hai aura jo bahata prAcIna kAla se pracalana meM rahI aisI vRkSa-pUjA kA usa varga kI dhArmika mAnyatAoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA jisake sAtha buddha aura mahAvIra kA vizeSa saMbaMdha isalie thA ki ve vaidika purohita-varga aura usake karmakANDa kA pratirodha kara skeN| mahAvIra aise maMdiroM meM kevala-jJAna ke pahale bhI Thaharate the aura bAda meM bhii| buddha ko bodhi-lAbha aura mahAvIra ko kevala-jJAna aise hI caitya-vRkSoM ke nIce huA thA, yaha mAnyatA tathyoM para AdhArita rahI ho sakatI hai, aura jaba anya buddhoM aura tIrthaMkaroM kI nAmAvaliyA~ pracalana meM pAyIM taba donoM dharmAvalaMbiyoM ne una sabake caitya-vRkSoM kA vidhAna bhI kiyaa| paraMtu, prAraMbha meM bauddha kalA meM buddha kA aMkana mAnavAkRti ke rUpa meM nahIM hotA thA, ataH bodhivRkSa ko aura bhI adhika mahattva milA, kintu jainoM ne kevala itanA hI kiyA ki vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke caitya-vRkSoM kI nAmAvali banA dI aura pUjA tathA kalA meM unheM gauNa sthAna de diyaa| paraMtu prAcIna bhArata meM vakSa-pUjA kA itanA adhika pracalana thA ki tIrthaMkara kI udabhata mUrtiyoM ke sAtha caitya-vakSa kI prastuti unake mastaka ke Upara patroM ke aMkana ke rUpa meM Avazyaka ho gyii| jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma donoM ne vRkSa-pUjA ko eka nayA artha pradAna kiyaa| caitya-vRkSoM kI pUjA aura kalA meM prastuti kA kAraNa yaha nahIM thA ki unapara preta aura devatA baserA karate the, varan yaha thA ki unake nIce buddha ko bodhi-lAbha aura mahAvIra ko kevala-jJAna hA thaa| caitya-vakSa ke nIce sarvaprathama kadAcita tIrthaMkara mUrti ko sthApita kiyA gayA / causA se prApta mUrti-samUha meM eka kAMsya-mUrti (prathama khaNDa meM citra 22 ga) caitya-vRkSa kI hai jo isa samaya paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| yaha mUrti kadAcit isI paddhati se pUjI jAtI thI, usake pAsa eka laghu tIrthakara-mUrti alaga se rakhI jAtI thii| maMdiroM ke pracalana ke sAtha-sAtha yaha paddhati kramazaH samApta hotI gayI, paraMtu RSabhanAtha se saMbaddha eka aisA vRkSa (gujarAtI meM rAyaNa-vRkSa) zatrujaya parvata para aba bhI pavitra mAnA jAtA hai aura pUjA jAtA hai| vRkSa-pUjaka saMpradAya ke kAraNa caitya-vRkSoM ko mahattva vizeSa rUpa se diyA jAtA thA, yaha tathya una vizeSa prakAra kI tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM se prakaTa hai jinapara eka bRhadAkAra vRkSa ke aMkana ke nIce (citra 312 ka) prAyaH sabhI zeSa prAtihAryoM (jina-mUrti ke parikara ke aMga) kA aMkana yA to luptaprAya ho jAtA hai yA gauNa / / 1 draSTavya : zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, citra 72, tinnavelI jile ke kalugumala se prApta ; citra 73, pATana ke paMcAsara derAsara se prApta ; citra 75, sUrata ke eka digaMbara jaina maMdira se prApta. 500

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adhyAya 35] mUrtizAstra mahAvIra ke caitya-vRkSa kA prAcInatama ullekha kadAcit AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM Aye mahAvIra ke jIvana ke prasaMga meM hai, prathama zrutaskaMdha se dvitIya ko uttaravartI kAla kA mAnA jAtA hai, jisameM ullekha to caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kA hai para jIvana-prasaMgoM kA varNana kevala cAra, arthAt RSabha, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra kA hI hai| aise kalpa-satra meM zeSa bIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke caitya-vakSoM kA koI ullekha nahIM / bahuta-sI prAcInatara sAmagrI ko samAviSTa karake bhI jo spaSTa hI uttaravartI kAla kI racanA hai aise samavAyAMga-sUtra meM bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke aura bharata kSetra ke vartamAna kAla (pArA) ke tIrthaMkaroM, airAvata kSetra ke tIrthaMkaroM, caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke caitya-vRkSoM kI nAmAvali hai / / inameM se aMtima nAmAvali digaMbaroM aura zvetAMbaroM kI eka hI hai? kyoMki usakA pracalana pA~cavIM zatAbdI se pUrva taba hA jaba digaMbara-zvetAMbara-matabheda prakharatA se ubhre| jaina dharma meM ve deva vyaMtara-nikAya meM parigaNita haiM jinheM vRkSa-pUjA se saMbaddha mAnA jAtA hai / vyaMtara ATha jAtiyoM meM vibhakta haiM : pizAca, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinara, kiMpuruSa, mahoraga (nAga) maura gaMdharva / pratyeka jAti meM mukUTa para kramazaH ye cihna (vRkSa ke rUpa meM) hote haiM : kadaMba, sulasa, vaTa, khaTvAMga, azoka, caMpaka, nAga aura tuMburu / digaMbara nAmAvali meM khaTvAMga ke sthAna para badarI vRkSa kA nAma hai| zvetAMbara nAmAvali meM khaTvAMga hI eka aisI vastu hai jo vRkSa nahIM pratIta hotii| sthAnAMgasUtra meM4 caitya-vRkSoM kI nAmAvali hai jinheM bhavanavAsI devoM kI dasa jAtiyAM pUjatI thIM; eka anya nAmAvali tiloya-paNNattI meM hai| isase vyakta hotA hai ki jaina maMdiroM ke kSetra meM caitya-vRkSoM yA vRkSa-pUjaka mata kA pracalana thA / caitya-vRkSoM kI avadhAraNA ke saMdarbha meM, brAhmaNa aura bauddha sAhitya meM ullikhita jIvana-vRkSa aura kalpa-druma kI avadhAraNA para bhI dhyAna diyA jAnA caahie| jaina graMthoM meM bhI dasa kalpa-drumoM kA varNana hai| inakA vistRta varNana jambUdvIpa-prajJapti meM hai| hemacaMdra ne uttarakuru kSetroM ke dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : madyAMga 1 samavAyAMgasUtra, 149, samavAya, pR 152. caitya-vRkSoM ke lie aura bhI draSTavya : jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, sUtra 127, pR 125 aura sUtra 142, pR 251. 2 rAmacaMdran, pUrvokta, pR192 tathA paravartI. isameM isa yuga ke sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke caitya-vRkSoM kI eka nAmAvali dI gayI hai jo azuddha pratIta hotI hai. digaMbara nAmAvaliyoM ke lie draSTavya : pratiSThAsAroddhAra, 4, 106, pR 101. tiloya-paNNattI, 4, 916-918, pR 264. 3 donoM saMpradAyoM se saMbaddha nAmAvaliyoM aura unake mUla srotoM ke lie draSTavya : kArafela, do kaoNsmaoNgrAphI dera iNvera, pR 273 tathA paravartI. 4 sthAnAMgasUtra, 10, 3, sUtra 766, 2, pR 487; TIkAkAra ne likhA hai ki ye vRkSa siddhAyatanoM ke samIpa pUje jAte the. 5 tiloya-paNNattI, 3, 136, 1, pR 128. 6 vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya : AnaMdakumAra kumArasvAmI, elImeMTsa praoNpha buddhisTa prAikaoNnogrAphI, 1935, kaimbrija. 7 jammUdvIpa-prajJapti, 20, pR 99 tathA paravartI. /pravacana-sAroddhAra, 1067-70, 9314 bhI draSTavya./jinasena kA haribaMza-purANa 1, pR 146-47. . 501

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 Adi dasa prakAra ke kalpa-dra moM se manuSyoM ko anAyAsa hI sadA vaha saba prApta hotA hai jo ve cAhate haiN| inameM se madyAMga nAmaka kalpa-drama se madirA prApta hotI hai, bhRga kalpa-drama thAliyA~ dete haiM, turyAMga vAdya-yaMtra pradAna karate haiM, dIpa-zikhAoM aura jyotiSkoM se adbhuta prakAza milatA hai, citrAMga AbhUSaNa dete haiM, citrarasoM se bhojana upalabdha hotA hai, maNyaMga AbhUSaNa pradAna karate haiM, gehakAroM se ghara prApta hote haiM aura anaMga vividha prakAra ke paridhAna dete haiN|' maMgala-svapnoM kI mAnyatA bhArata meM bahuta prAcIna kAla se rahI hai, jaisA ki chAMdogya upaniSada, 5,2,7,8 meM pAye usa saMdarbha se siddha hotA hai jisameM aise hI eka svapna kA prabhAva batAyA gayA hai| jaba koI bhAvI tIrthaMkara svarga se cayakara mAtA ke garbha meM avatIrNa hotA hai taba mAtA kucha maMgala svapna dekhatI hai| mAtA, zvetAMbara mAnyatA ke anusAra, svapna meM caudaha vibhinna vastue~ dekhatI hai, kintu digaMbara mAnyatA se ye svapna solaha hote haiN| mahAvIra kI mAtA ke dvArA dekhe gaye caudaha svapnoM kA savistAra varNana kalpasUtra meM isa prakAra haiM : (1) cAra zuNDAdaNDa-sahita eka uttuMga aura manorama zveta gaja, (2) prakAza-puMja se camatkRta eka zveta vRSabha jisakI kakud AkarSaka aura zRMga snigdhAna hote haiM, (3) zveta aura suMdara, sphUrtimAna siMha, jisakI phar3akatI pUMcha aura lapalapAtI jihvA ho (4) zrI nAmaka eka caturbhujI devI jo alaMkAra-vibhUSita, kamala-dhAriNI aura gajoM dvArA abhiSikta ho rahI hotI hai, (5) vibhinna puSpoM kI eka mAlA, (6) pUrNacaMdra, (7) raktima sUrya, (8) eka parama manohara patAkA jo svarNa-daNDa para pAbaddha aura siMha se cihnita ho, (9) jala aura kamaloM se ApUrita kuMbha jo saubhAgya kA sadana ho, (10) kamaloM aura jalacara jaMtuoM se prAplAvita vizAla sarovara, (11) ucchala-taraMga aura jalacara jaMtuoM se ApUrita kSIra-sAgara, (12) staMbhamaNDita deva-vimAna jo mAlAoM se alaMkRta aura citroM yA puttalikAoM se susajjita ho, (13) sabhI prakAra ke ratnoM kI rAzi, aura (14) niraMtara prajvalita nirdhama agni / 2 / kalpa-satra kI pANDulipi meM ina svapnoM kA citrAMkana hai, eka sAtha bhI jo brAuna kI pustaka ke citra 16 ke rUpa meM prakAzita hai, aura alaga-alaga bhI jo usake citra 20 se 33 taka ke rUpa meM prakAzita haiM / kalpa-sUtra ke citrAMkanoM kA jo prakAra sarvAdhika pracalita hai (brAuna kI pustaka ke citra 6,18) usameM sabase nIce kI paTTI meM payaMka para leTI huI tIrthaMkara-mAtA kA aMkana hotA hai aura Upara 1 triSaSTi-zalAkA-puruSa-carita, (gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIriz2a), anuvAda; helana jaoNnasana, pR 29-30. 2 ina zakuna-sUcaka svapnoM meM meM kucha para upayogI carcA aura vyAkhyA ke lie draSTavya : AnaMdakumAra kumArasvAmI, 'da kAMkararsa lAifa ina jaina peMTiMgsa', jarnala oNfa di iNDiyana sosAyaTI oNfa proriyaNTala pArTa 3, aMka 2, disaMbara 1935, pR 125-44. 3 brAuna. miniecara peMTiMgsa praoNfa da kalpasUtra. anya citrAMkanoM ke lie draSTavya : jainacitrakalpama, 1, citra 73. kumArasvAmI, kaiTalaoNga praoNpha di iNDiyana kalekzana ina da bosTana myUjiyama, 4, citra 13, 34./brAuna, pUrvokta citra, 152, pR 64./muni puNyavijaya. pavitra-kalpasUtra. citra 17, 22. 502

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra kI do yA tIna paTTiyoM meM kaI paMktiyoM meM caudaha svapnoM kI laghu prAkRtiyA~ aMkita hotI haiM / vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana-prasaMgoM ke aMtargata pASANa zilpa meM bhI ye svapna prastuta kiye gaye / citra 313 kuMbhAriyA ke eka maMdira kI chata kA hai jisapara aMkita mahAvIra ke jIvana-prasaMgoM ke aMtargata ina svapnoM kA bhI aMkana hai / prAcIna bhArata meM atyaMta purAtana hone para bhI aura sabhI vargoM meM pracalita hone para bhI maMgalasvapnoM kI mAnyatA tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana-prasaMgoM meM kucha bAda ke kAla meM samAviSTa huI / upalabdha vivaraNoM meM jo kadAcit sarvAdhika prAcIna hai aise eka kalpa- sUtra ke vivaraNa meM dInAra-mAlA kA saMdarbha AyA hai / isase prakaTa hotA hai ki isa graMtha kA yaha aMza usa kAla ke bAda likhA gayA jaba dInAra nAmaka mudrA kA bhArata meM praveza aura paricaya huA / svapnoM kI isase pUrva kI koI prastuti upalabdha nahIM / cakravartiyoM, vAsudevoM aura baladevoM kI mAtAoM ke svapnoM kA vidhAna isase bhI bAda 'huA hogA / meM digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara mAtA ke solaha svapna ye haiM : ( 1 ) iMdra kA gaja airAvata, (2) sarvottama vRSabha, ( 3 ) zveta varNa aura raktima kesara sahita siMha, (4) devI padmA (zrI) jo svarNakamala para AsIna ho aura gajoM ke dvArA abhiSikta kI jA rahI ho, (5) utkRSTa kusumoM kI do mAlAe~, (6) caMdramA, (7) udayAcala zikhara para udIyamAna sUrya, (8) mukha para kamaloM se alaMkRta do pUrNakuMbha, (9) mIna - yugala, (10) divya sarovara, (11) umar3atA samudra, (12) svarNamaya ucca siMhAsana, (13) divya vimAna, (14) nAgeMdra bhavana, (15) ratna - rAzi, (16) nirdhUma agni 12 solaha svapnoM kI prastuti digaMbara jainoM meM atyaMta pracalita rahI, tabhI to vaha maMdiroM meM dvAroM kesaradaloM para bhI kI gayI milatI hai, jisakA eka AraMbhika udAharaNa khajurAho ke zAMtinAtha maMdira ke dvAra para vidyamAna hai| khajurAho ke kucha anya maMdiroM ke dvAroM para bhI svapnoM ke aMkana hue milate haiM / jaina mAnyatAoM ke anusAra, inase kucha kama saMkhyA meM svapna vAsudeva, baladeva, Adi pavitra - kalpasUtra ke apane (samIkSAzmaka) saMskaraNa kI prastAvanA meM muni zrIpuNyavijaya ne pU 10 para likhA hai ki kalpasUtra meM zrAye caudaha svapnoM kA vistRta vivaraNa isI graMtha kI pragastya siMha - sUri kI cUrNi meM nahIM milatA / isalie yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki isa graMtha kA yaha bhAga maulika hai / ve likhate haiM ki dazAzrutaskaMdha ( jisake AThaveM adhyayana ke rUpa meM kalpasUtra hai ) kI niyukti aura cUrNa, donoM kA kAla lagabhaga 350 I0 yA usake pUrva se prAraMbha hotA hai. 2 jinasena kA Adi-purANa, saga~ 12, zloka 101-19, jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa, saga~ 8, zloka 58-744 1 503

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 zalAkA-puruSoM aura cakravartiyoM kI mAtAe~ dekhatI haiN| ina svapnoM kA citrAMkana yA zilpAMkana kahIM huA nahIM miltaa| donoM AmnAyoM meM pracalita aSTa-maMgaloM kA sthAna prAcIna kAla se hI jaina pUjA-paddhati meM rahA hai| ina dravyoM kI zvetAMbara aura digaMbara nAmAvaliyoM meM kucha aMtara hai| zvetAMbara Agama-graMtha aupapAtika-sUtra ke anusAra aSTa-maMgala ye haiM : svastika, zrIvatsa, naMdyAvarta, vardhamAnaka (cUrNapAtra), pUrNakuMbha, darpaNa aura matsya (yA mtsy-yugm)| jaina sAhitya aura Agama-graMthoM meM inakI vibhinna rUpoM meM prastuti ke ullekha milate haiM : toraNoM yA prAcIroM ke agrabhAgoM ke alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM, caitya-vRkSoM aura cabUtaroM para sthApita kiye gaye rUpa meM, yA bhittiyoM para citrAMkana ke rUpa meM, ityAdi / hemacaMdra ne bhI likhA hai ki aSTa-maMgala dravya bali-paTToM para prastuta kiye jAte the| Adhunika jaina maMdiroM meM kASTha yA dhAtu se nirmita nIcI caukiyA~ hotI haiM jinapara pUjA ke dravya car3hAye jAte haiN| unake pAzvoM para ATha maMgala dravya yA caudaha yA solaha svapna zilpAMkita yA jar3e hote haiN| prAyaH jaina mahilAeM pUjA ke kakSa meM ina ATha pratIkoM ko binA pakAye aura chilake utare hue cAvaloM se taztariyoM para banA detI hai| maMdiroM meM dhAtu-nirmita mUrtiyoM ke sAtha aisI laghu dhAtu-nirmita taztariyA~ (yaMtra) bhI sthApita kI jAtI haiM jinapara aSTa-maMgala Dhale yA utkIrNa hote haiM (citra 312 kh)| aisI adhikAMza taztariyA~ adhika-se-adhika eka yA do sau varSa prAcIna hotI haiN| kintu hemacaMdra ne aSTa-maMgala dravyoM sahita bali-paTToM kA jo ullekha kiyA hai vaha mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna AyAga-paToM para utkIrNa aSTa-maMgaloM ke dRSTAMta se puSTa hotA hai| bhadranaMdI kI patnI acalA dvArA sthApita AyAga-paTa (smitha kI pUrvokta pustaka kA citra 11) para Upara kI paMkti meM cAra tathA nIce kI paMkti meM aura ATha pratIka utkIrNa haiM / nIce kI paMkti meM dAyeM se prathama jo aMzataH khaNDita pratIka hai vaha saMbhavataH zrIvatsa thaa| dUsarA svastika hai, tIsarA ardhonmIlita kamala-kalikA hai, cauthA matsya-yugala hai, pA~cavA~ jalapAtra hai, chaThavAM yA to samarpita kiye gaye miSTAnna haiM yA ratnarAzi / sAtavA~ eka zAstra-sahita rihala arthAt sthApanA pratIta hotA hai para use bhadrAsana bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / AThavA~ pratIka eka khaNDita triratna pratIta hotA hai / sabase Upara bIca meM jo sama-catuSkoNIya sthAna hai usameM eka zrIvatsa kA aMkana hai, eka anya prakAra kA svastika aMkita hai jisake chora mur3e 1 aisI mAnyatAeM donoM hI mAmnAyoM meM sAmAnya haiM kintu unakI nAmAvaliyoM ke aMtara se pratIta hotA hai ki unakA vikAsa guptakAla ke anaMtara taba huA jaba zvetAMbaroM aura digaMbaroM ke matabheda ne aMtima rUpa le liyA thA. 2 triSaSTi-zalAkA-puruSa-carita 1, pR 112-190./mAdipurANa, parva 22, zloka 143, 185, 210 Adi rAya paseNiyam, saMpAdaka paM0 becaradAsa, pR 80. / jaMbUdvIpa-prajJapti 1 pRSTha 43 bhI. 3 triSaSTi-zalAkA-puruSa-carita, 1, pR 190 aura TippaNI 238. 4 zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR.82, citra 10, lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kA kramAMka je. 252. 504

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra hue haiM, aura do pratIkoM kI pahacAna nahIM ho sakI hai jinameM se pahalA Asana (bhadrAsana ?) ho sakatA hai / isase bhI adhika akhaNDita aSTamaMgala sIhanAdika dvArA sthApita prayAga-paTa (lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kI praviSTi saMkhyA je. 246)1 para aMkita haiN| isapara aura acalA dvArA sthApita prayAga-paTa para madhya ke catuSkoNa meM cAra aise triratna aMkita haiM jinakI racanA pRthak-pRthak aMgoM se huI hai| sabase Upara madhya ke sama-catuSkoNa sthAna meM, sIhanAdika dvArA sthApita AyAga-paTa para matsya-yugala, vimAna, zrIvatsa-lAMchana aura vardhamAnaka ke aMkana haiM / isake samIpa hI jo sabase nIce kI paMkti hai usameM triratna, pUrNa vikasita kamala, eka aisA pratIka jise agravAla ne iMdra-yaSTi yA vaijayaMtI nAma diyA hai, aura eka maMgala-kalaza haiM 12 eka mathurA-nivAsI dvArA sthApita pAyAga-paTa (lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kA kramAMka je. 248) ke madhya meM eka solaha AroM kA cakra hai jo dharmacakra honA caahie| zivaghoSaka kI patnI dvArA sthApita pAyAga-paTa (lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kA kramAMka je. 253) para cAra aise triratna haiM jinakI racanA pRthakpRthak aMgoM se huI hai (aura unake madhya meM eka jina-mUrti kA aMkana hai) / eka ajJAta dAnI dvArA sthApita AyAga-paTa (lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kA kramAMka je. 250) para madhya ke bar3e vRtta meM eka alaMkRta svastika hai jisakI cAroM bhujAoM ke bhItara kramazaH svastika, zrIvatsa, mIna-yugala aura iMdra-yaSTi (vaijayaMtI ?, sthApanA ?) ke aMkana haiN| madhya ke laghutara vRtta meM eka saMyukta triratna hai jisake madhya meM eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti kA aMkana hai / isa AyAga-paTa ke saba se nIce kI paMkti meM kucha khaNDita pratIka haiM jinameM se jala-pAtra, ardhonmIlita kamala, triratna aura svastika kI pahacAna sahaja ho jAtI hai| zivamitra dvArA sthApita AyAga-paTa ke upalabdha khaNDa para madhya meM eka bar3I rihala kA eka paira aMkita baca gayA hai jise uparyukta AyAga-paToM ke saMdarbha meM sthApanA (?) yA iMdra-yaSTi (?) Adi kahA gayA hai| isa vizleSaNa se vyakta hotA hai ki uparyukta pratyeka AyAga-paTa para aSTa-maMgaloM meM se kucha yA sabhI ke laghu aMkanoM ke atirikta kisI eka maMgala dravya kA bar3A yA mukhya aMkana bhI hotA hai| kadAcit aise AyAga-paTa rahe hoMge jinapara una zeSa maMgala-dravyoM ke bhI bar3e yA mukhya aMkana rahe hoMge jinheM kuSANakAlIna mathurA ke jaina mAnate hoNge| isase prakaTa hai ki hemacaMdra ko aSTa-maMgaloM ke aMkana 1 pUrvokta, citra 13, pR 79. 2 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, e gAiDa Tu lakhanaU myUjiyama, pR 2, citra 5, aura unhIM kA harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR 120. /smitha, pUrvokta, citra 7, pR 14. 3 zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, citra 14, pR 77. /smitha, pUrvokta, citra 8, pR 15. /bUlara. epiprAphiyA iNikA, 2, pR 200, 313. 4 zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, citra 12, pR76-77. /smitha, pUrvokta, citra 10, 117. 5 zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, citra 11, pR 81. /smitha, pUrvokta, citra 9, 1 16. 6 zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR 80./smitha, pUrvokta, citra 13, 1 20. 505 -

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 se sahita balipaTToM kI ati prAcIna paraMparA kA parijJAna thA / / aSTa-maMgaloM kI prastuti jaina pANDulipiyoM ke citrAMkanoM meM, vibhinna prakAra ke paTacitroM meM aura vijJapti-patroM ke kinAre kI paTTiyoM meM hae citrAMkanoM meM bhI kI gyii| jaina maMdiroM meM sthApita dhAtu-mUrtiyoM ke sAtha, aSTa-maMgaloM se aMkita dhAtu-nirmita taztariyA~ (yaMtra) bhI sthApita kI aura pUjI jAtI haiM (draSTavya-zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, citra 60) / aSTa-maMgaloM kI pUjA jaina karmakANDa ke aMtargata hotI hai| caudahavIM zatAbdI ke zvetAMbara graMtha prAcAra-dinakara meM eka-eka maMgala dravya ke pratIkArtha kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| usameM likhA hai ki kalaza kI pUjA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki tIrthaMkara apane parivAra meM kalaza ke hI samAna hote haiM / darpaNa kA uddezya hai prAtmA ke yathArtha rUpa kA darzana / bhadrAsana kI pUjA isalie kI jAtI hai ki use puNyAtmA bhagavAna ke caraNoM ne pavitra kiyA hai| vardhamAnaka saMpatti, kIrti, guNa Adi kI samRddhi kA sUcaka hai| usameM likhA hai ki tIrthaMkara ke hRdaya meM jo kevala-jJAna kA udaya huA vaha unake vakSasthala para aMkita zrIvatsa-lAMchana ke rUpa meM hI huA / isa graMtha ke anusAra svastika se svasti, zAMti kI abhivyakti hotI hai| nava-koNIya rekhAMkana ke rUpa meM jo naMdyAvarta prastuta kiyA jAtA hai usase nava-nidhiyoM kI pratIti hotI hai| jo kAmadeva ke dhvaja meM bhI aMkita hotA hai aisA matsya-yugala sUcita karatA hai ki kAmadeva ke vijetA 'jina' aba pUjA kI svIkRti ke hetU padhAra gaye haiN| spaSTa hai ki ye vyAkhyAe~ jaina mAnyatAoM se anuprANita haiM paraMtu ye pratIka ve hI haiM jo prAcIna bhArata meM kadAcita sabhI saMpradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya rhe| digaMbara paraMparA meM aSTa-maMgaloM kI nAmAvali yaha hai : (1) bhugAra arthAt eka prakAra kA ghaTa, 1 tathApi, yaha smaraNIya hai ki ina AyAgapaToM kI pUjA aSTa-maMgaloM kI pUjA taka hI sImita na thii| stUpa, caitya vRkSa, dharma-cakra, jina-mUrti, AryavatI (kadAcit mahAvIra kI mAtA), muni kaNha Adi mahAvidvAn prAcArya ityAdi kI pUjA bhI usakI sImA meM thI, jaisAki una AyAga-paToM se prakaTa hai jinapara ye mukhya aMkana prastuta kiye gaye hai| saba AyAga-paToM se milakara ve mukhya sattva nikAle jA sakate haiM jo kuSANakAlIna mathurA kI pUjA-paddhati meM vidyamAna rahe hoMge. 2 na citrakalpabuma 1, citra 82,59. 3 triSaSTi-zalAkA-puruSa-carita kA jaoNnasana kA anuvAda, 1, citra 4. 4 prAcAra-dinakara, pR 197-98. 5 yaha ullekhanIya hai ki mathurA ke eka lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI I0 ke lAla baluA pASANa se nirmita chatra para ye pATha maMgala-cihna utkIrNa haiM : (1) naMdipada (triratna ke anurUpa), (2) matsya-yugma, (3) svastika, (4) puSpa-dAma, (5) pUrNa-ghaTa, (6) rala-pAtra, (7) zrIvatsa aura zaMkha-niSi. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, 'e nyU sTona aMDalAz2a phraoNma mathurA, jarnala oNfa da yU pI hisTArikala sosAyaTI, 20, 1947, pR 65-67. prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM chatra ke saMbaMdha meM jaina mAnyatA aura varNana ke lie draSTavya : zAha, e phardara noTa praoNna sTona 'aMba lAja phraoNma mathurA' pUrvokta, 24. 506

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adhyAya 35 ] mUrtizAstra (2) kalaza arthAt pUrNa ghaTa, (3) darpaNa, (4) cAmara, (5) dhvaja, (6) vyajana arthAt paMkhA, (7) chatra aura (8) supratiSTha arthAt bhadrAsana / / vaidika sAhitya meM ullikhita pUrNa kalaza2 jIvana, bAhulya aura amaratva kI pUrNatA kA bhAratIya pratIka hai| vizva kI vibhinna prAcIna sabhyatAoM meM samAna rUpa se pracalita svastika eka aisA pratIka hai jisakI utpatti aura avadhAraNA para kucha kahA jAnA sarala nahIM hai| hAla meM pRthvIkumAra agravAla ne zrIvatsa-pratIka para lekha likhA hai jo viSNu ke vakSasthala para usI prakAra aMkita kiyA jAtA hai jisa prakAra vaha 'jina' ke vakSasthala para kiyA jAtA hai| kuSANakAlIna tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM para pAyA jAne vAlA jo zrIvatsa-pratIka kA mUla AkAra thA vaha kama se kama AraMbhika madhya kAla taka bhulA diyA gayA aura usake sthAna para prakaMda (rAiz2oma) ke AkAra kA eka pratIka pracalita huA, yadyapi use nAma zrIvatsa hI diyA gayA / maMgala-pratIkoM kI mAnyatA jaina, bauddha aura brAhmaNa dharmoM meM bahuta prAcIna kAla se samAna rUpa se pracalita rhii| vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne sA~cI ke eka zilpAMkana maMgalamAlA para pahale hI carcA kI thii| mahAbhArata ke droNaparva, 82,20-22 meM aise aneka dravyoM kA ullekha hai jinheM arjuna ne yuddha ke lie prasthAna karate samaya yA to dekhA yA chuyA, jinameM kanyAe~ bhI thiiN| vAmana-purANa, 14,35-36 meM bhI bahuta se maMgala-dravyoM kA ullekha hai| brahmavaivarta purANa meM bhI sajIva aura ajIva maMgala-dravyoM kI nAmAvali hai| maMgaloM aura maMgala-dravyoM kI mAnyatA rAmAyaNa meM bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| 1 tiloya-paNNattI, 4, 738, 1, pR 236. 2 pUrNa kalaza ke lie draSTavya : AnaMdakumAra kumArasvAmI, da yakSAja, bhAga 2 (prathama saMskaraNa), pR 61-64. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, jarnala oNfa da yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAyaTI, 17, pR 1-6 para. vardhamAnaka aura zrIvatsa-pratIkoM para kumArasvAmI ne prosTesiyAtizce jItsakriphTa, 1927-28, Y 181-82 para aura I. eca. jaoNnasana ne jarnala oNfa da raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, 1931, pR 558 tathA paravartI, vahI, 1932, pR 393 aura Age carcA kI hai. svastika ke lie naoNrmana brAuna kI pustaka da svastika draSTavya hai. 3 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, harSacarita : eka adhyayana, pUrvokta, pR 120. 4 kANe, pUrvokta, 2, pR.512 bhI draSTavya : unhoMne zakunakArikA kI pANDulipi se aSTa-maMgala dravyoM ke saMbaMdha meM eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai : darpaNa: pUrNa-kalaza: kanyA sumanaso'kSatAH / dIpamAlA dhvajA lAjAH saMproktaM cASTa maMgalam / / 5 zabdakalpadrama, 3, 574 para uddhRta. isI koSa meM 1,148, bRhannaMdikezvara-purANa kA eka zloka udghata hai : mRgarAjo vRSo nAgaH kalazo vyaMjanaM tathA / vaijayaMtI tathA bherI dIpa ityaSTamaMgalam / / zuddhitattva se bhI eka uddharaNa haiM : loke'smin maMgalAnyaSTau brAhmaNo gauhutAzanaH / hiraNyaM sapirAditya Apo rAjA tathASTamaH / / / rAmAyaNa, 2, 23, 29. aura bhI draSTavya : vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, 'aSTa-maMgala-mAlA' jarnala graoNpha di iDiyana sosAyaTI oNpha proriyaNTala ArTa, nyU sIrIja 2, pa 1, tathA paravartI. 507

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 jaina maMdiroM meM pUjA ke lie aneka dhAtunirmita yaMtra aura tAMtrika rekhAMkana sthApita kiye gye| bahuta-se paToM para rekhAMkita arthAt vastroM yA kAgaja para citrAMkita sUri-maMtra, hrIMkAra-yaMtra, vardhamAnavidyApaTa, siddha-cakra, RSi-maNDala-yaMtra Adi kI pUjA jaina sAdhuoM aura zrAvakoM dvArA kI jAtI hai| inameM se zrutaskaMdha-yaMtra kA digaMbaroM meM atyaMta pracalana hai jisakA ullekha vizeSa rUpa se kiyA jAnA cAhie / kabhI-kabhI usapara vidyAdevI zrutadevatA kI prAkRti bhI rekhotkIrNa hotI hai| isa rekhAMkana meM bAraha AgamoM ke nAma aura unakA digaMbaroM ke anusAra, pRthak-pRthak graMtha-pramANa utkIrNa hote haiM / mUDabidrI, karnATaka ke eka aise hI yaMtra kA citra 314 yahA~ prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha 508

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adhyAya 36 sthApatya sthApatya saMbaMdhI paraMparAeM aura siddhAMta prAcIna kAla meM sthApatya ke bodhaka vibhinna zabda pracalita rahe, unameM vAstuzAstra adhika vyAvahArika aura tarkasaMgata hai / zilpazAstra kA artha bhI prAyaH vahI hai kintu vaha adhikatara mUrtikalA aura mUrtizAstra kA bodhaka hai / sthApatya zabda usakI apekSA sImita hai aura usase sthApatya kI kisI vizeSa zailI ke pratiSThApaka varga yA gharAne kA, athavA sthApatya yA mUrtiyoM kI nirmANa - zAlA kA bodha hotA hai / paraMparAgata gharAnoM ke pratirikta, sthApatya ke kucha pratiSThApaka varga aura bhI haiM / vaizya, mevAr3a, gurjara, paMcolI aura pAMcAla samUce pazcima bhArata meM kASTha zilpa, pAraMparika bhavanoM ke nirmANa Adi meM vizeSa dakSa mAne jAte haiN| jayapura aura alavara ke gaur3a brAhmaNoM kI saMgamaramara kI zilpakalA prasiddha hai / kucha varga dhAtu-zilpa aura citrAMkana meM bhI dakSa haiN| madhya pradeza, uttara pradeza aura dillI ke jAMgar3a kASTha zilpa aura pAraMparika bhavanoM ke nirmANa meM prasiddha haiM 12 sthApatya kI prAcIna paraMparA ina gharAnoM kI vaMza paraMparA ke sAtha to calatI hI rahI, use aneka graMthoM meM lekhabaddha bhI kiyA gayA / ina graMthoM meM Adi se aMta taka prAya: eka hI siddhAMta kA anusaraNa hai, kintu unameM paraspara aMtara bhI bahuta hai; unake uddezyamUlaka aMtara se uparyukta gharAne bane aura viSayamUlaka aMtara se sthApatya meM nAgara, vesara, dravir3a Adi zailiyA~ pracalita huI / 1 sUtradhAra vIrapAla dvArA likhita aura prabhAzaMkara proghaDa bhAI somapurA dvArA saMpAdita prAsAda- tilaka ( ahamadAbAda, 1972, pR 6 tathA paravartI) meM agralikhita gharAnoM kA vivaraNa hai: (1) pazcima bhArata meM suprasiddha somapurA gharAnA jo pAraMparika sthApatya meM vizeSa dakSa hai aura jisake pAsa sthApatya saMbaMdhI graMthoM kA acchA saMgraha hai; ( 2 ) ur3IsA kA mahApAtra gharAnA; (3) dakSiNApatha kA paMcAnana gharAnA jo aba pA~ca vyAvasAyika vargoM meM vibhakta hai --zilpI, suvarNakAra, kAMsyakAra, kASThakAra aura lohakAra; (4) AMdhra pradeza kA telaMgAnA gharAnA, isake bhI vahI pA~ca vyAvasAyika varga haiM; ( 5 ) dravir3a kSetra kA virATa vizva brAhmaNAcArya gharAnA jisake sadasyoM ke gotranAma agastya, rAjyaguru aura SaNmukha - sarasvatI haiM / 2 vahI, pR 8 3 prasanna kumAra prAcArya ne aise do sau sAta graMthoM ke nAma yathAsaMbhava vivaraNa ke sAtha diye haiM, DikzanarI graoNfa hiMdU kiTekcara 1927. ilAhAbAda, pariziSTa 2, pR 805-14. 509

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siddhAMta aura pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 ukta graMthoM meM se vizvakarmA ke dIpArNava maNDana ke rUpamaNDana aura prAsAdamaNDalana', nAthajI kI vAstumaMjarI Adi meM yathAsthAna jaina sthApatya kA bhI vivecana huA hai, kintu kevala jaina sthApatya para kadAcit eka ho graMtha vatthusAra-payaraNa' likhA gyaa| prAkRta bhASA ke isa graMtha meM tIna adhyAya haiM : gRha-prakaraNa, biMbaparIkSA-prakaraNa aura prAsAda-prakaraNa / do sau tihattara gAthAoM kA yaha graMtha dhaMdha-kalaza kula ke jaina zrIcaMdra ke putra pheru ne alAuddIna khilajI ke zAsanakAla meM vikrama saMvat 1372 (1315 I.) kI vijayA-dazamI ke dina kalyANapura meM samApta kiyaa| usI varSa unhoMne dillI meM eka aura graMtha ratnaparIkSA kI racanA ko, jo kadAcita ThakkUra-pheru-graMthAvalI meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| nirmANa kArya kA digdarzana mApa Adi ke lie, vatthusAra-payaraNa ke anusAra, prAraMbha meM pATha upakaraNa Avazyaka haiM : dRSTisUtra arthAt kevala dekhakara hI samucita mApa kA parijJAna karanA; hasta arthAt eka mApadaNDa jisakI laMbAI caubIsa aMgula yA 45 seNTImITara hotI hai; mauMja arthAt muMja nAmaka ghAsa se banI sUtarI, kArpAsaka arthAt kapAsa se banA laMbA sUtra; avalaMba yA sADula ; kASTha-koNa yA guniyA; sAdhanI arthAt Ajakala ke spiriTa levala kI taraha kA eka yaMtra; aura vilekhya yA parakAra / inake atirikta aura bhI aneka hathiyAra rahe hoMge jinakA ullekha vibhinna srotoM se prApta ho sakatA hai| IMTa aura kASTha se lekara svarNa aura ratnoM taka kI sabhI sAmagrI utkRSTa koTi kI honI cAhie / navIna aura prathama bAra upayoga meM lAyI jA rahI sAmagrI samRddhivardhaka hotI hai| kASTha kA upayoga kiyA jAye yA pASANa kA, isa tathA anya prakAra ke sAmagrI saMbaMdhI praznoM ke samAdhAna nirmAtA ke varga yA jAti aura nirmANAdhIna bhavana ke prakAra tathA uddezya ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna ho sakate haiN| 1 saMpAdaka : prabhAzaMkara oghaDabhAI somapurA, pAlItAnA. 2 saMpAdaka : balarAma zrIvAstava, 1964, vArANasI. 3 saMpAdaka : bhagavAna dAsa jaina, 1961, ahamadAbAda. 4 saMpAdaka : prabhAzaMkara aoghaDabhAI, somapurA, prAsAmaMjarI nAmaka graMtha ke aMtargata, 1965, ahamadAbAda. saMpAdaka : bhagavAnadAsa jaina, 1936, jayapura. isa adhyAya ke saMbaddha bhAga isI graMtha para AdhArita haiM, jahA~ anya graMtha kA prAdhAra liyA gayA hai vahA~ usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / [isa graMtha ke mahattva ke lie dvitIya bhAga meM adhyAya 28 draSTavya hai|-sNpaadk] bhagavAnadAsa jaina, vahI; ve likhate haiM : 'prathama patra nahIM hai yaha zrI yazovijaya jaina gurukula ke saMsthApaka zrI cAritra vijaya mahArAja dvArA prApta huI hai'. 7 bhavaralAla nAhaTA dvArA saMpAdita hone ke ullekha ke lie draSTavya : munizrI hajArImala smRtigraMtha, 1966, byAvara, pR 105 (lekhk-pricy)| 8 sAmAnyata: vatthusAra-payaraNa para prAdhArita. 510

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya bhUmi ke ghanatva kI parIkSA ke lie usameM eka caubIsa aMgula kA gaDDhA khodA jAye aura use usI kI miTTI se bharA jaaye| usa samUcI miTTI ke bhara diye jAne para bhI gaDDhA jitanA rikta rahe utanA hI kama ghanatva usa bhUmi kA samajhA jaaye| isake viparIta, gaDDhA bhara jAne para bhI miTTI bacI rahe to jitanI vaha baca rahe utanA hI adhika ghanatva usa bhUmi kA samajhA jaaye| bhUmi ke ghanatva kI parIkSA kI eka anya vidhi ke anusAra vaisA hI eka gaDDhA khodA jAye aura usameM jala bhara diyA jAye / sau Daga calakara Ane-jAne meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai utane samaya meM vaha jala jitanA kama sokhA jAye utanA hI adhika ghanatva usa bhUmi kA samajhA jaaye| ina do meM se kisI eka vidhi se parIkSA karake hI bhUmi ke ghanatva ko utkRSTa yA nikRSTa mAnA jaaye| bhUmi ke raMga vibhinna varNo yA jAtiyoM ke anusAra phaladAyaka hote haiM, brAhmaNa ke lie zveta, kSatriya ke lie lAla, vaizya ke lie pIlA aura zUdra ke lie kAlA raMga samRddhi-vardhaka hai| bhUmi kA cunAva sabhI dRSTiyoM se satarkatApUrvaka kiyA jaaye| miTTI meM yA bhUmi ke kisI bhI bhAga meM koI doSa rahe to usase bhUsvAmI ko nirdhanatA, roga Adi kaSTa ho sakate haiM / jisa sthAna para kisI nikaTavartI maMdira ke dhvaja kI chAyA dina ke dUsare aura tIsare pahara meM par3atI ho vaha sthAna kabhI na canA jAye / asthi, koyalA Adi koI bhI zalya yA aniSTakAraka vastu na to bhUmi ke Upara rahane dI jAye ora na bhItara, use nikAlane ke lie eka puruSa kI gaharAI taka bhI utkhanana karAnA par3e to vaha bhI karAyA jaaye| zalya kA parijJAna zeSanAga-cakra kI sahAyatA se kiyA jA sakatA hai| utkhanana kI AvazyakatA par3e to vaha kaI bhAgoM meM karAyA jAye aura zeSanAga-cakra yA vRSavAstu-cakra Adi naimittika vidhAna ke anusAra utkhananoM meM samaya kA aMtarAla bhI rakhA jaaye| vinyAsa-rekhA ke nirdhAraNa meM dizAoM kA paryApta dhyAna rakhA jAnA caahie| dizA-sUcaka rekhA kA parijJAna dika-sAdhaka zaMku arthAt dizA-sUcaka staMbha se kiyA jaaye| isI prakAra, bhUmi ko sama-catuSkoNa bhI dhyAnapUrvaka banAyA jaaye| isake atirikta, bhUmi kA tala bhI, vizeSa rUpa se maMdiroM aura rAjaprAsAdoM ke lie, ekasara banA hI liyA jaaye| nirmANa kA kAryAraMbha kucha vizeSa mAsoM meM aura kucha vizeSa rAziyoM, nakSatroM aura grahoM ke udayakAla meM hI kiyA jAye, yadi ye sabhI eka sAtha anukUla sthiti meM hoM to uttama hai| kintu, AvAsagRha yadi kASTha, ghAsa Adi se banAyA jAye to yaha vidhAna anivArya nhiiN| isa naimittika vidhAna kA pAlana, zilAnyAsa aura dvAra-praveza ke avasara para bhI kiyA jaaye| ina donoM avasaroM para dhArmika anuSThAna bhI kiye jA sakate haiN| sthapati kA yathocita sammAna avazya kiyA jaaye| AvAsagRha aura usake bhAgoM kA mApa AyAdi-SaDvarga arthAt chaha-sUtrI siddhAMta ke anurUpa honA cAhie / AvAsagRha yA usake kisI bhAga kI bhUmi kA AThavA~ bhAga Aya kahalAtA hai / dhvaja, dhUmra, siMha, zvAna, vRSa, khara, gaja aura dhvAMkSa nAmaka pAThoM prakAra ke prAya nimittazAstra ke anurUpa tathA unakI apanI-apanI dizA ke AdhAra para vibhinna prakRti ke hote haiM aura isIlie ve gRhasvAmI 511

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siddhAMta aura pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 ko usake vyavasAya, varga, jAti Adi ke anusAra phaladAyaka bhI ho sakate haiN| prAvAsagRha ke nakSatra kA kramAMka vahI hogA jo usake kSetraphala ke aMkoM meM 8 kA guNA karake 27 kA bhAga dene para aaye| AvAsagRha aura gRhasvAmI ke nakSatra meM paraspara anukUlatA se hI samRddhi saMbhava hai| gRhasvAmI kI samRddhi ke lie rAzi kI anukUlatA bhI anivArya hai| AvAsagRha kI rAzi kA kramAMka usake nakSatra ke kramAMka meM 4 kA guNA karake 6 kA bhAga dene se prApta hotA hai| samRddhi ke lie nakSatra aura rAzi kI paraspara ekarUpatA bhI Avazyaka hai / AvAsagRha ke nakSatra ke kramAMka meM 8 kA bhAga dene para jo zeSa bace vaha vyaya kahalAtA hai / gRhasvAmI kI samRddhi kI dRSTi se nakSatra aura vyaya kI paraspara anukalatA bhI Avazyaka hai| AvAsagRha ke nAma yA prakAra ke akSaroM kI saMkhyA aura vyaya ke rUpa meM prApta saMkhyA ko AvAsa gRha ke kSetraphala kI saMkhyA meM jor3akara usameM 3 kA bhAga dene para jo zeSa bace vaha aMza kahalAtA hai| 1, 2, yA 3 arthAt 0 zeSa bacane para aMza kA adhikArI kramazaH iMdra, yama aura rAjA hotA hai| tArA bhI eka aisA tattva hai jo gRhasvAmI kI samRddhi ko prabhAvita karatA hai| prAvAsagRha ke aura gRhasvAmI ke nakSatra ke kramAMkoM meM jo aMtara ho vaha tArA kA kramAMka hai| isa AyAdi SaDvarga ke siddhAMta kI AvazyakatA kadAcit isa kAraNa se aura bhI hai ki jaba bhavana yA usake kisI bhAga ke mApa para vibhinna graMthoM meM vibhinna saMkhyAe~ likhI milatI haiM taba isa siddhAMta ko nirNAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| sthApatya ke atirikta mUrtikalA meM bhI isa siddhAMta kA vidhAna hai, kintu usake yathArtha bhAva kA anugamana kadAcit hI ho sakA / tathApi, usakI yathArtha vyAkhyA sahaja saMbhAvya na hone para bhI, usakI upekSA nahIM kI jAnI caahie| vAstupuruSa-cakra nAmaka eka siddhAMta aura bhI pracalita hai jisase bhavana ke adhiSThAna, pAda yA staMbha, prastAra, karNa, stUpI, zikhara Adi bhAgoM kI AnupAtika saMyojanA meM sahAyatA milatI hai| isa siddhAMta ke kaI rUpoM meM se eka rUpa kA parijJAna rekhAcitra 28 (pR 513) se hogaa| rekhAcitra meM jahA~ vAstupuruSa ke keza, mastaka, hRdaya aura nAbhi par3ate haiM vahA~ staMbha na banAyA jaaye| isI prakAra ke aura bahuta se vidhAna haiN| mAvAsagRha aura rAjaprAsAda jaina graMthoM meM AvAsagRhoM aura rAjaprAsAdoM ke atirikta caMpA, rAjagRha, zrAvastI Adi paurANika nagariyoM, aura loka ke varNana meM ullikhita kacchA nAmaka tathA aneka pAtAla-sthita nagariyoM ke savistAra vivaraNa prApta hote haiM, kintu ve sabhI adhikatara piSTa-peSaNa mAtra haiM aura nirmANa-kalA athavA sthApatya se saMbaddha tattva unameM nagaNya haiN| una vivaraNoM meM jo sthApatya aura mUrtikalA se saMbaddha pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai vaha avazya hI ullekhanIya hai kyoMki usase deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM likhe gaye sthApatya aura mUrtikalA ke graMthoM ke kramika vikAsa aura unake vyAvahArika prayoga ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM sahAyatA milatI hai| isa mahattvapUrNa tathya se eka niSkarSa yaha bhI nikalatA hai 512

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adhyAya 36 ] * 2 3 43 42 41 40 39 38 57 45 34 48 51 N+ 6 7 8 46 52 9 10 50 36 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 53 513 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 rekhAcitra 28 vAstupuruSa-cakra ( bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra ) 1. carakI rAjasI 2. pIlIpIchA; 3-4 Iza; 5. parjanya; 6. jaya; 7. iMdra; 8. sUrya; 9. satya; 10. bhUza 11 AkAza 12. vidArikA 13. savitA 14 jaMghA 15. agni 16. pUSan 17 vitaca 18. gRha-kSata 19. yama 20. gaMdharva 21. mUMga 22 muga 23. pUtanA 24. ekadA 25. jayA 26. pitR 27. naMdina 28. sugrIva 29 puSpadaMta; 30 varuNa; 31 asura 32 zeSa 33 pApa yakSman; 34. pApA; 35. pApa-yakSman; 36. aryaman; 37. roga; 38. nAga; 39. mukhya; 40. bhallATa 41. kubera; 42. zaila; 43. aditi ; 44. diti ; 45. Apa aura grApavatsa, 46. aryaman; 47. sAvitra aura savitA; 48. pRthvIdhara 49 brahman 50 vaivasvata 51 rudra aura rudradAsa 52 maMtra 53. iMdra 23 ki prAcIna jaina graMthakAra vidhi - niSedhoM kI tAlikAe~ banA dene mAtra kI apekSA dainaMdina jIvana ke citraNa ko adhika mahattva dete the / sthApatya sthApatya ke prAraMbhika siddhAMtoM kI dRSTi se AvAsagRha aura maMdira meM adhika aMtara nahIM / ataH jo aMtara hai, kevala vahI yahA~ ullekhanIya hai / mukhya dvAra yA siMha dvAra kI dizA aura sthiti kA nirdhAraNa satarkatApUrvaka sthApatya ke siddhAMtoM aura naimittika vidhAnoM ke anurUpa hI kiyA jAye / tala, koNa, tAlu, kapAla, staMbha, tulA aura dvAra nAmaka sAta prakAra kA vedha yA bAdhaka tattva pratyeka saMbhava upAya dvArA AvAsagRha se nikAla

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siddhAMta aura pratIkArtha diyA jAye / gRha kA agra bhAga bhAga jitanA U~cA ho utanA cAhie / [ bhAga 9 pRSTha-bhAga se jitanA sa~karA ho utanA hI acchA, agra bhAga se pRSThahI acchA / dUkAna kA agra bhAga pRSTha-bhAga se caur3A aura U~cA honA mukhya dvAra pUrva meM honA cAhie, rasavatI yA pAkazAlA nairRtya arthAt dakSiNa-pazcima koNa meM, zayanAgAra dakSiNa meM, zaucAlaya yA nIhArasthAna dakSiNa-pUrva koNa meM, bhojanazAlA pazcima meM, AyudhAgAra uttara-pazcima meM, koSAgAra uttara meM aura dharmasthAna uttara-pUrva meM / gRha kA mukha yadi pUrva meM na ho to jisa dizA meM ho usI ko pUrva mAnakara ukta krama ko banAye rakhanA cAhie / praveza dvAra se saMyukta bAharI barAmadA aliMda hai| paTTazAlA yA mukhya kakSa aura usase saMyukta kakSazAlA yA choTA kamarA tathA anya bhAga AvAsagRha kI ikAI haiM / aliMda 107 aMgula U~cA aura 85 aMgula laMbA ho / gRha kI caur3AI meM 70 jor3akara usameM 14 kA bhAga dene para jo bhajanaphala Aye utane hasta zAlA kI caur3AI ho, aura usameM 35 jor3akara 14 kA bhAga dene se jo bhajanaphala zrAye utane hasta aliMda kI caur3AI ho, yaha rAjavallabha kI mAnyatA jabaki samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra ke anusAra saba prakAra ke AvAsagRhoM meM aliMda kI caur3AI zAlA ke AkAra se AdhI honI cAhie / aliMda gRha ke pRSTha-bhAga 'meM yA bilakula dAyeM yA bAyeM banA ho to use gujArI kahA jAtA hai, yaha kadAcit sthAnIya zabda hai / tIna aliMda saMbaddha ho ekamAtra kakSa bhI gRha kahA jA sakatA hai| paTTazAlA se eka yA do yA sakate haiN| usakI donoM bhittiyoM meM jAlika yA jAlIdAra jharokhe ho sakate haiM aura eka maNDapa yA khulA kakSa bhI ho sakatA hai / jAlaka eka choTe dvAra ke samAna hotA hai, arthAt binA jAlI kI khir3akI / gavAkSa aura vAtAyana yadi jAlIdAra hoM to unameM aura jAlika meM kadAcit koI aMtara nahIM hotA / SaDdAru kASTha se nirmita eka staMbha hai / bhAravaTa kASTha se nirmita kar3I hai jise saMskRta meM pITha yA dharaNa kahate haiM / kisI bhI sthiti meM na pRSTha-bhAga kI bhitti meM jharokhA, yahA~ taka ki choTA-sA chidra bhI, banAyA jAye / jharokhA itanI U~cAI para banAyA jAye ki pAsa vAle gRha ke jharokhe se vaha nIcA na par3e / eka se adhika tala vAle gRha meM eka dvAra ke Upara eka se adhika dvAra, tathA kisI staMbha ke Upara dvAra na banAyA jaaye| A~gana tIna yA pA~ca koNoM kA na rakhA jAye / pazuyoM ke lie ghara ke bAhara pRthak kakSa ho / AvAsagRha kA vistAra gRhasvAmI kI pratiSThA ke anurUpa honA cAhie / rAjA, pradhAna senApati, pradhAna maMtrI, yuvarAja, rAjA ke anuja, rAnI, jyotipI, vaidya aura purohita ke gRha kramaza: guNita 135 64 guNita 74 60 guNita 67, 80 guNita 106 40 guNita 53, 30 guNita 333, 40 guNita 46, 40 guNita 46 aura 40 guNita 463 hasta ke hoM / yaha vistAra 108 514

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adhyAya 36] sthApatya eka nizcita mApa meM kama bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra aura aMtyaja yA caNDAla ke gRha kramazaH 32 guNita 35, 28 guNita 313, 24 guNita 28, 20 guNita 25 aura 16 guNita 20 hasta ke hoM / gRha kI caur3AI ke solahaveM bhAga meM cAra hasta jor3ane se prathama tala kI U~cAI nikAlI jaaye| vibhinna bhAgoM kI vividhatA aura saMkhyA tathA anya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa AvAsagaha solaha hajAra tIna sau caurAsI prakAra ke ho sakate haiM / saMkSepa meM, AvAsagRhoM ke solaha sArthaka nAma haiM : dhruva, dhanya, jaya, naMda, khara, kAMta, manorama, sumukha, durmukha, krUra, supakSa, dhanada, kSaya, AkraMda, vipula aura vijaya / AvAsagRhoM ko unake mApa aura sthiti ke anusAra cauMsaTha sArthaka nAma diye jA sakate haiM : (1-8) zAMtana, zAMtida, vardhamAna, kukkuTa, svastika, haMsa, vardhana, karbura ; (6-16) zAMta, harSaNa, vipula, kurala, vitta, citta yA citra, dhana, kAladaNDa ; (17-24) bhadraka, putrada, sarvAMga, kAlacakra, tripura, suMdara, nIla, kuTila ; (25-32) zAzvata, zAstrada, zIla, koTara, saumya, subhaga, bhadramAna, krUra ; (33-40) zrIdhara, sarvakAmada, puSTida(ka), kIrtinAzaka, zRMgAra, zrIvAsa, zrIzobha, kIrtizobhanaka ; (41-48) yugazrIdhara, bahulAbha, lakSmInivAsa, kupita, udyota, bahutejas, sutejasa kalahAvaha ; (46-56) vilAsa, bahunivAsa, puSTida (kha), krodhasannibha, mahAMta, mahita, duHkha, kUlaccheda; (57-64) pratApavardhana, divya, bahuduHkha, kaNThacchedana, jaMgama, siMhanAda, hastija aura kaNTaka / bahutajas, sutejas, AvAsagRhoM ko eka anya prakAra se ATha vargoM meM bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai : sUrya, vAsava, vIrya, kAlAkSa, buddhi, suvrata, prAsAda aura dvivedha / inameM se pratyeka solaha prakAra kA hotA hai ataH samUcI saMkhyA eka sau aTThAisa hogii| ina sabake atirikta eka prakAra se aura bhI AvAsagRhoM kA, vizeSataH rAjAoM ke AvAsagahoM kA, vargIkaraNa saMbhava hai / AvAsagRha kI vartulAkAra saMyojanA kA niSedha hai, kevala rAjA yadi cAhe to usake lie vidhAna hai| maMdira kI mAnyatA saMskRta ke do zabda 'maMdira' aura 'pAlaya' sAmAnya rUpa se kisI chAyAvAna vAstu kA bodha karAte haiM, kintu unakA eka artha, vizeSa rUpa se jaina dharma ke saMdarbha meM, 'devAlaya' bhI hai; para jaina dharma meM ina donoM zabdoM se bhI prAcIna zabda hai-'Ayatana', jisakA astitva mahAvIra ke kAla meM bhI thA kyoMki ve apane vihAroM ke samaya yakSAyatanoM meM ThaharA karate the| bAda meM isa Ayatana zabda kA upayoga 515

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 9 jinAyatana zabda ke aMtargata hone lagA aura usake bhI bAda maMdira, pAlaya, geha, gaha Adi zabdoM ne usakA sthAna le liyaa| jaina dharma meM maMdira kI mAnyatA kA rahasya kadAcit kahIM prakaTa nahIM kiyA gyaa| maMdira anivArya rUpa se kisI tIrthaMkara ko samarpita hotA hai isalie use eka smAraka kI saMjJA denA kisI sImA taka tarkasaMgata ho sakatA hai para yaha nizcita hai ki maMdira aisA smAraka nahIM jo kisI ke aMtima saMskAra ke sthAna para athavA asthi Adi avazeSoM para nirmita kiyA jAtA hai| isake viparIta, maMdira ko eka atadAkAra sthApanA yA pratIka mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata hogA; vaha meru kA nahIM balki samavasaraNa kA pratIka ho sakatA hai (pRSTha 544) jo tIrthaMkara kI sabhA ke lie divya mAyA se nirmita eka vizAla prekSAgRha hotA hai; aura pA~coM parameSThiyoM meM jinakI vaMdanA sarvaprathama kI jAtI hai? unameM tIrthaMkara hI aisA hai jo apanA upadeza kevala samavasaraNa meM detA hai aura mUrti ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama aMkana bhI usI kA huA aura usI kA tadAkAra pratIka pratyeka maMdira meM malanAyaka ke sthAna para anivArya hai| aneka prAcIna aura navIna maMdiroM ke samakSa mAnastaMbha vidyamAna haiM jo samavasaraNa kA hI eka bhAga hotA hai (pRSTha 545) / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka bAra maMdira-sthApatya ke rUpa meM pratIkabaddha ho cukA samavasaraNa dUsarI bAra kisI laghu pratIka ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta nahIM kiyA gyaa| jaina dharma meM samavasaraNa kI mAnyatA asAdhAraNa hai, use stUpa yA aiDUka, jArUka yA jAlUka aura z2iggurAta para (pRSTha 544) Adi kisI ke aMtima saMskAra ke sthAna para athavA asthi Adi avazeSoM para nirmita smArakoM kI zreNI meM rakhanA anucita hogaa| caitya zabda kA ullekha yadi yahA~ kiyA jA sake to usase isa mAnyatA ko bala milegaa| Ayatana aura caitya, ina donoM zabdoM kA eka hI artha hai / graMthoM meM samavasaraNa kI jo racanA varNita hai vaha itanI jaTila hai ki usake pratIka ke rUpa meM maMdira ko jo prAkAra milA usameM yadyapi una graMthoM ke aneka vidhAnoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA aura usakA vistAra bhI yathAsaMbhava vizAla rakhA gayA, tathApi usa devagRha kA nAma samavasaraNa nahIM balki Ayatana yA caitya ke rUpa meM pracalita huA / mahAvIra apane vihAra ke samaya caityoM meM bhI rukate the jo kadAcit Ayatana yA maMdira hI the, jinameM hI rukane kA vidhAna muniyoM ke prAcAra-zAstra meM hai| caitya zabda ke, bAda meM yA sAtha-hI-sAtha aneka artha pracalita hue / usakA eka artha mUrti bhI huA jisake maMdira meM sthApita kiye jAne para caitya-vihAra, caitya-gRha, caityAlaya Adi aise zabda bane jinakA eka-jaisA artha maMdira nikalatA hai| isa mAnyatA ke AdhAra para udbhUta jaina maMdira kA vikAsa apanI samakAlIna paraMparAoM ke maMdiroM ke sAtha eka hI pravAha meM kabhI tIvra aura kabhI maMda gati se, niraMtara hotA rahA / yahI kAraNa 1 'isameM saMdeha nahIM ki maMdiroM aura aMtima saMskAra ke sthAnoM meM koI ekarUpatA hai.' AnaMdakumAra kumArasvAmI, hisTrI bhaoNfa iMDiyana eNDa iNDoneziyana pArTa, 1927. nyUyArka, pR 47. 2 bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, 1935, zolApura, pR 46. 3 'caityamAyatanaM' tulye, amarakoSa, 2, 2, 7. 516

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya hai ki anya paraMparAoM ke maMdiroM ke madhya eka jaina maMdira kI pahacAna ke lie sUkSma parIkSA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, yA phira usake lie kisI abhilekha, yA sAhitya kA spaSTa ullekha, yA paraMparAgata pramANa, yA kisI mUrti kA honA mAvazyaka hai| jaina mUrtikalA kA vikAsa bhI samakAlIna paraMparAoM ke sAtha huA kintu eka hI pravAha meM nahIM, jabaki jaina maMdira usI pravAha meM vikasita huA, isakA pariNAma yaha bhI huA ki jaina sthApatya ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana karane ko pRthak rUpa se likhe gaye graMthoM kI saMkhyA atyaMta kama hai / maMdira ke aMga aura bheda deva - prAsAda kA garta vivara yA nIva kA gaDDhA itanA gaharA ho ki vahA~ yA to bhUgarbha se jala nikalane lage yA zilA-tala nikala Aye / garta-vivara ke madhya meM dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke sAtha eka karmazilA kI sthApanA kI jAye jisapara kUrma kI AkRti utkIrNa ho, zrIra cAroM dizAoM aura cAroM vidizAoM meM eka-eka khura - zilA sthApita kI jAye jinapara vibhinna vastue~ utkIrNa hoM (rekhAcitra 29) / isake pazcAt vivara ko saghanatA se bhara diyA jAye aura usake tala ko kUTakara Thosa banA diyA jAye / 15 14 13 1 mukhyataH vatthusAra payaraNa para AdhArita. 6 5 4 16 7 9 3 12 8 517 - 2 rekhAcitra 29 mahilA (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) 9. kacchapa 7 lahara 8 mIna 1. meDhaka " 2. makara; 3. grAsa; 4. pUrNa ghaTa; 5. sarpa; 6. zaMkha; 16. vajra; 17 zakti 10. daNDa; 11. kRpANa; 12. nAga-pAza; 13. patAkA; 14. gadA; 15. trizUla 17 10 11

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siddhAMta aura pratIkArya [ bhAga 9 isa vidhi se nirmita bhU-tala para pITha yA adhiSThAna arthAt caukI kA nirmANa kiyA jAye ( rekhAcitra 30 ra 31 ) / pITha yA adhiSThAna, paristhitiyoM ke anusAra, samatala bhI banAyA jA sakatA hai ( rekhAcitra 32 ) aura usapara eka se pAMca taka stara bhI banAye jA sakate haiM jinheM thara yA prastara - gala kahate haiM ( rekhAcitra 33) / koNa yA karNa, pratiratha, ratha, bhadra aura mukhabhadra pITha ke vibhinna ghaTaka yA goTA haiM, para unheM bhavana kA hI aMga mAnA gayA hai, kintu naMdI, kaNikA, pallava tilaka aura tavaMga pITha ke ghaTaka hone para bhI prAsAda ke alaMkAraka tatvoM meM parigaNita hai| jana 2 1 14 13 -- 109816 / / / / / || 68 --- 11 1 3 22 rekhAcitra 30. sama-dala prAsAda (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra ) : 1. garbha gRha; 14, 16, 17, 19, 21. naMdI 7, 15, 18 pratikarNa; 9, 13 20 uparatha; 11. maNDovara ke teraha bhaMga hote haiM jo rekhAcitra 34-1 meM (pR. 522 dikhAye gaye haiN| maNDovara zabda pazcima bhArata meM pracalita hai aura saMskRta ke maNDapavara yA maNDapapara zabda kA sthAnIya apabhraMza rUpa pratIta hotA hai| maNDovara vAstava meM bhitti yA bAharI dIvAra hai jisapara prAsAda ke eka yA aneka maNDapoM kI chata AdhArita hotI hai sUtradhAra maNDana ne maNDovara ke cAra bheda batAye haiM nAgara, meru ( rekhAcitra 34-2 ), sAmAnya ( rekhAcitra 34-3 ) aura prakArAMtara | 5 zikhara eka vartulAkAra chata hai jo bhavana para ulTe pyAle kI bhAMti Upara ko U~cI hotI jAtI haiN| usake U~ce bhAga meM cAra aMga hote haiM : zikhara, zikhA, zikhAMta aura zikhAmaNi ( rekhAcitra 35 ) ; usake aMgoM kA vibhAjana eka anya prakAra se bhI kiyA jAtA hai: chAdya, zikhara, AmalasAra yA 2-5 karNa - rekhA; 6, 8, 10, 12, bhadra - ratha; 22 bhadra- rathikA prasanna kumAra prAcArya, DikzanarI oNpha hiMdU phiTekcara 1927. laMdana dhAdi, 588. pR 518

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya Amalaka ( rekhAcitra 36) aura kalaza ( rekhAcitra 37), jisameM karNarekhAe pratikarNa yA uparatha aura uruzRMga bhI nirdiSTa haiM) / Amalaka ke aMga haiM gala, graNDaka, caMdrikA aura grAmalasArikA / kalaza sAdhAraNataH zikhara kA sabase Upara kA bhAga kahalAtA hai| usake aMga haiM gala, aNDaka, kaNikA aura biijpuurk| zukanAsA yA zukanAsikA zikhara kA vaha bhAga hai jisakA AkAra tote kI coMca kI bhA~ti hotA hai / zikhara ke UparI bhAga para daNDa sahita dhvaja ( rekhAcitra 38 ) sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 3 G 10 8 30. 7 Chang Ba Chang b050 d 0000 rekhAcitra 31 maMdira kI vinyAsa- rekhA (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra)1 balAnaka 2. zrRMgAra-batuSkI 3. raMga- maNDapa 4. nava-yatuSkI 5. dvAra; 6. catuSkI 7 gUDha maNDapa 8. jaMpA 9. garbhagRha 10. dvAra dvAra kI caur3AI UMcAI se AdhI, arthAt solaha aMgula se sAta hasta ke madhya ho| dvAra kI caukhaTa para yathocita sthAna para tIrthaMkaroM, pratIhAra-yugala, madanikA Adi kI AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa kI 519

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siddhAMta aura pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 jAyeM (rekhAcitra 36) / jIrNoddhAra ke samaya maMdira kA mukhya dvAra sthAnAMtarita na kiyA jAye aura na hI usameM koI maulika parivartana kiyA jaaye| FANARTPHYSITHDAHEJ LAHRAININEHATI HANEYANE ALL rekhAcitra 32. pITha (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) : 1. grAsa-paTTI; 2. kevAla; 3. aMtara-patra; 4. karNa; 5. jADya-kuMbha; 6-8. bhitti jagatI pITha yA adhiSThAna kA eka ghaTaka hai| eka anya paribhASA ke anusAra jitanI bhUmi para maMdira kA bhavana nirmita hotA hai utanI bhUmi jagatI hai (rekhAcitra 31) / jagatI ko AdhAra mAnakara hI prAsAda yA maMdira ke mukhya bhAga aura usake aMgoM kI prAnupAtika sthiti nirdhArita hotI hai| pITha ke bhUtala ke rUpa meM dRzya jagatI para caturdika dvAroM-sahita prAcIra kA nirmANa kiyA jaaye| maNDapa ke kaI bheda haiM : prAsAda-kamala jise garbhagRha yA maMdira kA mukhya bhAga bhI kahate haiM; gUDha-maNDapa arthAt bhittiyoM se ghirA huA maNDapa; trika-maNDapa jisameM staMbhoM kI tIna-tIna paMktiyoM dvArA tIna prAr3I aura tIna khar3I vIthiyA~ banatI haiM; raMga-maNDapa jo eka prakAra kA sabhAgAra hotA hai; aura satoraNa balAnaka arthAt meharAbadAra cabUtare / maNDapa kI caur3AI garbhagRha kI caur3AI se Der3hagunI yA paune-dogunI ho| staMbhoM kI U~cAI maNDapa ke vyAsa kI AdhI ho, kintu adhika byAvahArika yaha hogA ki staMbha kI UMcAI sAmAnyata: usakI pITha kI U~cAI se caugunI ho, usakI caukI usake pITha se dogunI yA tigunI ho aura Urdhva bhAga pITha ke barAbara yA usase dogunA ho| jala-praNAlikA yA jala kA pravAha bAyIM ora yA dakSiNa dizA meM honA caahie| 520

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adhyAya 36]] sthApatya - - AMIL ARLX995988 MPHA MYanha M 218 - - - - rekhAcitra 33. pAMca thara-sahita pITha (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) : 1-3. bhitti; 4 jADya-kuMbha; 5. karNa; 6. aMtara-patra; 7. kevAla; 8. grAsa-paTTI; 9. gaja-thara; 10. azva-thara; 11. siMha-thara; 12. nara-thara; 13. haMsa-thara 521

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siddhAMta aura pratIkArya 13 11 10 9 6 5 4 3 | 1 13 12 11 6 5 4 3 1 1 2 rekhAcitra 34 maNDovara ke prakAra (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke 2. meru-maNDovara 3. sAmAnya maNDovara (1. bura 2. kuMbha 7. chajjI; 8. uru-jaMghA, 9. bharaNI; 10. zirAvaTI 522 13 12 " 10 9 7 5 1 anusAra ) 1. paccIsa 3. kalaza; 4. kevAla 11. chajjA; 12. virADu [ bhAga 9 3 bhAgoM kA maNDovara; 5. maMtrI 6. jaMbA; 13. prahAra )

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya rekhAcitra 35. rekhA-maMdira kA zikhara (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra : 1. chAdya; 2. zikhara; 3. prAmalasAra; 4. kalaza; 5 aura 9. karNa-rekhA; 6 aura 8. prati-karNa uparatha; 7. uru-zrRMga / | ! AN rekhAcitra 36. prAmalasAra (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) : 1. gala; 2. aNDaka; 3. caMdrikA; 4. AmalasArikA 523

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siddhAMta aura pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 rekhAcitra 37. kalaza (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) : 1. pITha aura gala; 2. aNDaka; 3. kariNakA; 4. bIjapUraka rekhAcitra 38. dhvaja (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) : 1. daNDa; 2. parvan; 3 graMthi; 4. dhvaja-mUla; 5. dhvaja-puruSa; 6. dhvaja 524

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya prAsAda ke bhedoM meM zrIvijaya, mahApadma, naMdyAvarta, lakSmItilaka, naraveda, kamalahaMsa aura kuMjara nAmaka sAta bheda jina-maMdira ke lie sarvottama mAne gaye haiN| vizvakarmA ne likhA hai ki prAsAdoM ke agaNita bheda hote haiM (rekhAcitra 40-41) jinameM se paccIsa ke nAma ye haiM : kezarI, sarvatobhadra, sunaMdana naMdizAla, naMdIza, maMdira, zrIvatsa, amRtodbhava, hemavaMta, himakUTa, kailAza, pRthvIjaya, iMdranIla, mahAnIla, bhUdhara, ratnakUTa, vaiDUrya, padmarAga, vajrAMga, mukuTojjvala, airAvata, rAjahaMsa, garuDa, vRSabha aura meru / inameM se prathama prAsAda ke zikhara ke cAroM koNoM para eka-eka aNDaka yA laghu-zikhara hote haiM aura phira pratyeka prAsAda ke cAra aNDaka bar3hate-bar3hate paccIsaveM ke eka sau aNDaka ho jAte haiN| l`mh l`lmyh l`b) l`b Mod 15 rekhAcitra 39. dvAra-zAkhAe~ (bhagavAna dAsa jaina ke anusAra) : 1, 7, 11. tIna zAkhAeM; 2, 8, 12. pA~ca zAkhAeM; 3, 4, 5, 9, 13. sAta zAkhAeM; 6, 10, 14. nau zAkhAeM; 15. dvAra kI dehalI (1 aura 3. alaMkaraNa; 2. zaMkhAvaTI; 4. ardha-caMdra; 5 aura 7. grAsa; 8. dehalI) 525

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 TE lA Tan TOT 5 rekhAcitra 40. jina-prasAdoM ke vibhinna rUpa (prabhAzaMkara pro0 somapurA ke anusAra) : 1. sarvatobhadra; 2. naMdana; 3. naMda-zAlin; 4. naMdIza; 5. maMdara 526

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya ....... 1-2 - - - - - rekhAcitra 41. caturmukha mahAprAsAda (prabhAzaMkara pro0 somapurA ke anusAra) : 1-1 se 1-5 taka, caturmukha prAsAda (1-1. samavasaraNa prAsAda; 1-2. meru prAsAda; 1-3. naMdIzvara-dvIpa prAsAda; 1-4. sahasra-kaTa prAsAda; 1-5. aSTApada prAsAda); 2. pAMca koNa-prAsAda; 3. ATha mahAdhara prAsAda; 4. cAra meghanAda maNDapa; 5. anAvRta catuSka; 6. catuSka; 7. chattIsa maNDapa; 8. balAnaka 527

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 vizvakarmA ne dIpArNava meM1 bAvana jina-prAsAdoM kA varNana kiyA hai jinameM paccIsa to caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke pRthak-pRthaka haiM, neminAtha ke do haiM, aura zeSa sattAisa sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke haiN| isa prakAra (1) kamalabhUSaNa (rekhAcitra 42), (2) kAmadAyaka, (3) ratnakoTi, (5) kSitibhUSaNa, (6) padmarAga, (7) puSyadaMta, (8) supArzva, (10) zItala, (12) RturAja, (13) zrIzItala, (16) zreyAMsa, (16) vAsupUjya, (21) vimala, (23) anaMta, (24) dharmada, (27) zrIliMga, (26) kumuda, (32) kamalakaMda, (35) maheMdra, (38) mAnasaMtuSTi, (40) namizRMga, (41) sumatikIrti, (47) pArzvavallabha aura (50) vIra-vikrama (rekhAcitra 43) nAmaka prAsAda kramazaH RSabhanAtha Adi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke haiM; aura (44) nemeMdra nAmaka prAsAda neminAtha kA dUsarI bAra hai; (4) amRtodbhava, (6) zrIvallabha, (11) zrIcaMdra, (14) kIrti-dAyaka, (15) manohara, (17) sukula, (18) kulanaMdana, (20) ratnasaMjaya, (22) mukti , (25) sureMdra, (26) dharmavRkSa, (28) kAmadattaka, (31) harSaNa, (33) zrIzaila, (34) arinAzana, (36) mAnaveMdra, (37) pApanAzana, (42) upeMdra, (43) rAjeMdra, (45) yatibhUSaNa, (46) supuSya, (48) padmavrata (46) rUpavallabha, (51) aSTApada aura (52) tuSTi-puSTi prAsAda sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke haiM; (30) zakti nAmaka prAsAda lakSmI devI kA; aura (36) zrIbhava (gaurava) prAsAda brahmA, viSNu aura ziva kA hai| gaha-maMdira aura vahanIya maMdira AvAsagRha meM bhI dharmasthAna yA maMdira ke nirmANa kA vidhAna graMthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha AvAsagRha ke uttara-pUrva koNa meM banAyA jAye aura yadyapi isapara Adhipatya gRhasvAmI kA rahe aura isakI vyavasthA bhI vahI kare tathApi yaha sabake lie khulA rakhA jaaye| aise gRha-maMdiroM kA sthApatya anya maMdiroM kI hI bhA~ti ho| vaha kevala kASTha se nirmita ho, aura usameM eka upapITha, eka pITha Adi aMga hoN| cAroM koNoM para eka-eka staMbha, cAroM ora eka-eka dvAra aura chajjA, eka zikhara tathA usake cAroM koNoM para eka-eka laghuzikhara hoM, zikhara para dhvaja kadApi sthApita na kiyA jaaye| isake atirikta sarvopari yaha dhyAna rakhA jAye ki gRha-maMdira ke nirmANa meM kevala nyAyopArjita dhana kA upayoga ho / maMdira ke kASTha se nirmANa kI anumati usa sthiti meM bhI hai jaba use yAtrA meM sAtha rakhane ke lie banAyA jAye, aise vahanIya maMdira ko yAtrA ke pazcAt rathazAlA meM surakSita rakha diyA jAye tAki usakA punaH upayoga kiyA jA sake / lokavidyA aura sthApatya sthApatya ke siddhAMtoM aura pratIka-vidhAnoM ke viSaya meM sAhitya-graMthoM se nissaMdeha anekAneka sUcanAeM prApta hotI haiM, kintu usase bhI adhika sUcanAeM aura saMketa isa viSaya meM lokavidyA ke graMthoM (uttarakhaNDa 1 vizvakarmA kA dIpArNava, anuvAdaka (gujarAtI meM) prabhAzaMkara aoSaDabhAI somapurA, pR. 317-18 kI atirikta mudrita prati ke pR 9-10), pAlItAnA. 528

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adhyAya 36 ] AVATA rekhAcitra 42. RSabhanAtha kA kamala bhUSaNa prAsAda ( prabhAzaMkara zrI. somapurA ke anusAra) 529 sthApatya M ATIYAJATAI rekhAcitra 43. mahAvIra kA mahApara-vIra vikrama prAsAda ( prabhAzaMkara pro. somapurA ke anusAra )

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featta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 9 se prApta hote haiN| isalie jaina lokavidyA kA saMkSipta paricaya isa saMdarbha meM pratyadhika upayogI hogA / lokasRSTi arthAt jagatkatva kA siddhAMta jaina dharma meM pUrNatayA amAnya hai kintu lokavijJAna aura lokavidyA kA pratipAdana jaina graMthoM meM pratyaMta vistAra se huA hai| yaha loka prakRti se hI anAdianaMta hai aura usameM sarvatra chaha dravya vyApta haiM jinheM jIva aura ajIva nAmaka do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jJAna aura darzana aise guNa haiM aura sukha tathA duHkha aisI anubhUtiyA~ haiM jo kisI sattA meM hI saMbhava haiM, ve kisI sattAhIna kI kriyA nahIM ho sakatIM, ataH unheM kisI sattAvAn ke guNa yA paryAya avazya mAnanA hogA aura yahI sattAvAn jIva dravya hai| ajIva dravya ke aMtargata dharma / arthAt gati kA mAdhyama, prathamaM arthAt sthiti kA mAdhyama, AkAza, pudgala arthAt bhautika padArtha evaM UrjA aura kAla khAte haiN| 4 2 3 loka aura usake bhAgoM kA AkAra gaNita aura jyAmiti ke anurUpa hai, yaha sAkAra vastutaH manuSya kI usa mudrA ke samAna hai jisameM vaha hAtha kamara para rakhakara aura donoM paira bagaloM meM phailAkara khar3A hotA hai ( rekhAcitra 44 ) / isa AkAra ke arthAt loka ke aMtargata lokAkAza hai; aura usake bAhara lokAkAza hai jisake aMtargata yaha loka tIna vAtavalayoM yA vAyumaNDaloM para AdhArita hai| bhItarI vAtavalaya tanu arthAt Ardra hai, bIca kA ghana arthAt Thosa hai aura bAharI ghanodadhi arthAt virala / loka ke agra bhAga para siddhazilA arthAt vaha kSetra hai jahA~ muktAtmAoM kI sthiti hai, isa ardhacaMdrAkAra kSetra kI AkRti usa utsala kA~ca ke samAna hai, jisakA unnata bhAga nIce kA ora ho| loka kA usakI kaTi arthAt madhya ke barAbara caur3A Upara se nIce taka kA bhAga hI aisA hai jisameM jasa jIva yA jaMgama prANI" 1 dharma aura adharma zabdoM kA prayoga jaina lokavidyA meM eka alaga hI artha meM huA hai jo unake pracalita artha se sarvathA bhinna hai. 2 isa dravya kI vizleSaraNa sahita vyAkhyA ke lie dekhie gopIlAla amara kA lakha 'darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM vRdgala dravya muni zrI hajArImala smRtipaMtha, 1965, byAvara pu 368-88 " 3 zvetAMbara isa dravya ko jIva aura ajIva kA paryAya mAnate haiM, eka svataMtra dravya nahIM. 4 isa aura dhAge ke anucchedoM kA sAbhAra-paMtha hai rAjayAtikAlaMkAra nAmaka TIkA sahita tAvArtha sUtra, kAzI, 2 bhAgoM meM, 1953-54 5 jagat ke lie jaina dharma meM loka zabda kA prayoga huA hai, vizva aura brahmANDa zabda usake prAyaH samAnArthaka haiM, tathApi ve jaina dharma meM kama ho pracalita ho sake. 6 saMsArI jIva arthAt muktAtmAoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI jIva trasa aura sthAvara (pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura , vanaspati) haiM, unake kevala sparzana nAmaka eka hI iMdriya hotI hai| trasa jIvoM meM rasanA, ghANa, cakSu aura zrotra nAmaka iMdriyoM ke kAraNa kramaza: dvIMdriya, zrIMdriya Adi hote haiN| paMceMdriya zrasoM ke aMtargata sabhI deva, manuSya, nArakI aura kucha tiryaMca ( pazu-pakSI prAdi) prAte haiM. 530

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adhyAya 36 ] 33 20 531 26 25 24 23 22 21 16 -32 a-. ttt=13 F rekhAcitra 44. triloka kI racanA ( mukyAnanda siMha jaina ke anusAra ) : 1. adholoka ; 2. madhyaloka; 3. Urdhvaloka; 4. ghanodadhi vAta-valaya; 5 ghana vAta-valaya; 6. tanu vAta-valaya; 7. nigoda; 8. vAtavalaya; 9. sAtavAM narava; 10. chaThA narakaH 11. pA~cavA~ naraka; 12. cauthA naraka; 13. tIsarA naraka; 14. dUsarA naraka; 15 pahalA naraka aura usake tIna khaNDa; 16. sudarzana meru; 17. saudharma svarga; 18. aizAna svarga; 19. sAnatkumAra svarga; 20. maheMdra svarga; 21. brahma svarga; 22. brahmottara svarga; 23. lAM tava svarga; 24. kApiSTha svarga; 25. zukra aura mahAzukra svarga; 26. zatAra aura sahasrAra svarga; 28. prAraNa aura acyuta svarga; 29 nau greveyaka svarga; 30. nau anudiza 31. pA~ca anutara svarga; 32. siddha- zilA 27. Anata aura prANata svarga; svarga sthApatya

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya 7 5 3 7 8 7 3 9 2 Aco 2 pRthviyA~ yA naraka eka ke nIce eka haiM aura pratyeka tInoM prakAra ke pRthvI zabda kA prayoga soddezya hai kyoMki hamArI pRthvI kI taraha ina aura svargoM meM eka aMtara yaha bhI hai ki naraka svayaM pRthvI rUpa hai sthita haiM. 3 532 7 6 rekhAcitra 45. bharata kSetra ( muktyAnaMda siMha jaina ke anusAra ) : 1. pUrvI golArdha kA bhAga ; 2. Arya khaNDa ; 3. mleccha khaNDa; 4. vijayArdha parvata; 5 sindhu nadI; 6. gaMgA nadI 7. himavat parvata; 8 padma hada; 9. rohitAsyA nadI 3 hote haiM, isIlie use asa-nAlI kahA gayA hai, usakI UMcAI aura gaharAI loka ke hI barAbara kramazaH 1 14 aura 7 rajju hai aura caur3AI eka hI rajju hai, jabaki loka kI sAmAnya caur3AI 7 rajju hai / loka kA ghanaphala 343 varga-rajju hai, usake madhya meM 100 yojana U~cA bhAga manuSya-loka hai jisameM vaimAnika devoM aura nArakiyoM ko chor3akara sabhI jIva hote haiM; vaimAnika deva manuSyaloka ke Upara svargaloka meM rahate haiM aura nArakI manuSyaloka ke nIce sAta pRthviyoM? arthAt narakaloka meM / [ bhAga 9 1 rajju kA zabdArtha hai rassI, yaha bhUgola aura khagola kI dUrI kA eka mApa hai eka rajju utanI dUrI hai jise koI deva eka samaya arthAt kAla kI alpatama ikAI meM 2,857,152 yojana kI gati se ur3akara chaha mAha meM pAra kare, isa mApa kI gariNatIya vyAkhyA nahI kI jA sakatI. 4 vAtavalayoM aura AkAza se ghirA huA hai / pRthviyoM kA prAdhAntala bhI Thosa hai| narakoM jabaki svarga vimAna kI bhAMti nirAdhAra

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adhyAya 36] sthApatya madhyaloka arthAt manuSyaloka meM asaMkhya dvIpa haiM, pratyeka eka samudra se ghirA hai| sabhI vRttAkAra haiM, aura dvIpa se dUnA caur3A hai use gherane vAlA samudra, usa samudra se dUnA caur3A use gherane vAlA dvIpa, usase bhI dUnA caur3A use gherane vAlA samudra, aura isI taraha aMta taka / jambU nAmaka prathama dvIpa ekamAtra aisA hai jo kisI samudra yA dvIpa ko ghere hue nahIM hai, balki vartulAkAra hai / jambU dvIpa kA vistAra eka lAkha mahAyojana' hai aura usake madhya meM sumeru parvata usI prakAra sthita hai jisa prakAra zarIra meM nAbhi hotI hai| pUrva-pazcima vistRta himavat, mahAhimavat niSadha, nIla, rukmI aura zikharI nAmaka chaha kulAcaloM arthAt mahAparvatoM se yaha dvIpa bharata, (rekhAcitra 45) haimavata, hari, videha,6 ramyaka, hairaNyavata aura airAvata nAmaka sAta kSetroM meM vibhakta hai| una chaha kulAcaloM para kramazaH padma, mahApadma, tigiMcha, kezarI, mahApuNDarIka aura puNDarIka nAmaka hada yA sarovara haiN| ina sarovaroM meM kamalAkAra dvIpa haiM, unameM deva-parivAra rahate haiM aura unakI adhiSThAta-deviyoM ke kramaza: nAma haiM--zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi aura lakSmI / sAtoM kSetroM meM do-do mahAnadiyA~ aura unakI hajAroM sahAyaka nadiyA~ haiM, do meM pahalI pUrva kI ora aura dUsarI pazcima kI ora bahatI hai| dvitIya dvIpa dhAtakIkhaNDa do uttara-dakSiNa vistRta parvatoM se vibhakta hai jinake bAharI chora kAla-samudra ke aura bhItarI chora lavaNa-samudra ke vedikA-veSTita taToM ko chUte haiM aura jo isa dvIpa ko pUrva aura pazcima nAmaka bhAgoM meM vibhakta karate haiN| pUrva aura pazcima meM pRthaka-pRthaka vahI racanA hai 1 prathama dvIpa jambU lavaNa nAmaka samudra se ghirA hai, vaha dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa me ghirA hai, vaha kAla samudra se, vaha bhI puSkaravara dvIpa se aura vaha apane hI nAma ke samudra se, jaisA ki Age bhI hotA gayA hai, arthAt dvIpa aura use gherane vAle samudra ke nAma eka jaise hote gaye haiM. cauthe aura usase Age ke dvIpa haiM : vAruNIvara, kSIravara, ghRtavara, kSaudravara, naMdIzvara, aruNavara, kuzavara, krauMcavara prAdi / aMta se prAraMbha karane para kucha nAma haiM : svayaMbhUramaNa, ahIMdravara, devavara, yakSavara, bhUtavara, nAgavara, vaiDUryavara, vajravara, suvarNavara, rUpyavara, hiMgulikavara, aMjanakavara, zyAmavara, siMdUravara, haritAlavara, mataHzila Adi. 3 dUrI kA eka mApa. aMgula nAmaka mApa lagabhaga eka iMca ke barAbara hotA hai, caubIsa aMgula barAbara eka hasta, cAra hasta barAbara eka dhanuSa yA cApa, 2,000 dhanuSa barAbara eka kroza yA 2 mIla, 4 kroza barAbara eka sAmAnya yojana, kiMtu 2,000 kroza barAbara eka mahAyojana. 4 vistRta vivaraNa prAge pRSTha 537 para draSTavya hai. 5 lokavidyA meM pAye nAmoM meM aura kalA aura sthApatya meM Aye nAmoM meM na kevala sAdRzya hai, balki usa sAdazya kA koI vizeSa mahattva bhI ho sakatA hai. 6 isa kSetra ke tIna bhAga haiM : devakuru, uttarakuru aura videha. 7 yaha kSetra bhI, bharata kI hI bhA~ti, pUrva-pazcima vijayArgha nAmaka parvata se aura uttara-dakSiNa do mahAnadiyoM se chaha khaNDoM meM vibhakta ho gayA hai| bIca kA bAharI khaNDa AryakhaNDa aura zeSa pA~ca mlecchakhaNDa kahalAte haiM. unake nAma haiM : gaMgA, siMdhu, rohit, rohita syA, harit, harikAMtA, sItA, sItodA, nArI, narakAMtA, suvarNakalA, rUpyakUlA, raktA aura raktodA. 533

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 jo jambudvIpa meM hai, arthAt dhAtakI khaNDa meM kSetroM, kulAcaloM, meru Adi kI doharI racanA hai| kintu yahA~ kulAcaloM kI sthiti vaisI hai jaisI cakra meM aroM kI hotI hai aura kSetroM kA prAkAra aroM ke madhya ke sthAna kI bhA~ti hotA hai| tRtIya dvIpa puSkaravara ekamAtra aisA hai jise cAroM ora vistRta eka vRttAkAra parvata do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatA hai| usa parvata kA nAma mAnaSottara sArthaka hai kyoMki usake uttara meM arthAt bAhara manuSyoM kI gati nhiiN| bhItarI puSkarArdha meM, dhAtakI khaNDa kI bhA~ti, do bharata, do himavat, do meru Adi haiM, kintu bAharI puSkarAdha tathA usase Age ke dvIpoM meM isa prakAra kA vibhAjana nahIM hai| isa sabakA tAtparya yaha huA ki manuSya kevala DhAI dvIpoM ke kSetra meM hI hote haiM jo madhyaloka ke hI nahIM balki saMpUrNa loka ke keMdra meM hai| isase yaha tAtparya bhI nikalatA hai ki sAta kSetroM, chaha kulAcaloM, caudaha mahAnadiyoM, eka meru Adi kA eka samUha hai, aura aise pA~ca samUha haiN| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki pA~ca-pA~ca bharata, videha, (devakuru aura uttarakuru bhAgoM ko chor3akara) aura airAvata karmabhUmiyA~ haiM jinameM jIvana-nirvAha ke lie puruSArtha anivArya hai, aura pA~ca-pA~ca haimavata, hari, devakuru, uttarakuru, ramyaka aura hairaNyavata bhogabhUmiyA~ haiM jinameM sukhabhoga kI sAmagrI kalpavRkSoM se prApta hotI hai| pA~caveM samadra kSIravara ke jala kI vizeSa mahimA hai kyoMki iMdra tIrthaMkara ke janmAbhiSeka ke lie isI jala se kalaza bharatA hai, aura dIkSA ke samaya tIrthaMkara jaba kezaloMca karate haiM taba unake keza isI jala meM visajita kiye jAte haiN| naMdIzvara nAmaka pAThavA~ (pRSTha 540), kuNDalavara nAmaka dazavA aura rucakavara nAmaka terahavA~ dvIpa akRtrima caityAlayoM ke kAraNa mahattvapUrNa haiM (pRSTha 541), dvitIya jambU dvIpa tathA kucha anya dvIpoM meM pAtAla-nagariyA~ haiM jinameM kevala bhavanavAsI devoM ke hI AvAsa haiN| devoM ke cAra nikAya haiM : bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara, jyotiSI aura vaimAnika / inameM se / isake savistAra varNana ke lie draSTavyaH gopIlAla amara kA lekha 'dvitIya jamba dvIpa', anekAnta (hiMdI traimAsika): 22, 1, 1969, dillI, 1 20-24. 2 unake dasa bheda haiM : asura, nAga, vidyut suparNa, agni, va ta, stanita, udadhi, dvIpa aura dik, pratyeka ke sAtha kumAra zabda jur3atA hai. 3 unake pATha bheda haiM : kinara, kiMpuruSa, mahoraga, gaMdharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta aura pizAca. unake pAMca bheda haiM : sUrya, cadra, graha, nakSatra aura vibhinna tAre. 5 jinameM rahakara koI apane vizeSa mAna kA anubhava kare una AvAsoM ko vimAna kahate haiM aura jo vimAnoM meM rahate haiM unheM vaimAnika kahate haiN| yahA~ vimAna zabda kA artha AkAza meM calane vAlA ratha yA vAyuyAna kadApi 534

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya bhavanavAsI manuSyaloka meM aura kucha narakaloka meM bhI AvAsa karate haiM / unake akRtrima aura zAzvata bhavanoM meM jina caityAlaya haiN| vyaMtara deva prathama pRthvI ke kharabhAga meM pragaNita dvIpa samudroM ke usa pAra rahate haiM, kintu unakA eka bheda rAkSasa prathama pRthvI ke hI paMka-bahula bhAga meM rahatA hai / jyotiSI devoM kI vizeSatA yahI hai ki ve niraMtara meru kI pradakSiNA karate rahate haiM, kintu mAnuSottara parvata ke bAhara sthira haiM / inameM se sUrya aura caMdra ke vimAnoM meM jina caityAlaya haiM / kevala vaimAnika deva hI Urdhvaloka yA svargaloka meM rahate haiM jisameM solaha kalpa vimAna, nau graiveyaka vimAna, 2 nau anudiza vimAna ' aura pA~ca anuttara vimAna haiM / kalpa aura graivayaka vimAnoM ke adhikAMza aura zeSa vimAnoM ke saba deva prakRti se hI jineMdra-bhakta hote haiM / eka sau iMdroM meM eka mAnaveMdra arthAt rAjA aura eka pazu arthAt siMha ke atirikta zeSa sabhI deva hI hote haiM / yakSa-yakSiyA~, zAsanadeva, zAsanadeviyA~, dikpAla, kSetrapAla, bhairava, vidyAdeviyA~, sarasvatI, lakSmI, gaMgA, yamunA, apsarAe~, duMdubhivAdaka, camaradhArI, camaradhAriNiyA~ Adi sabhI deva tathA vidyAdhara, bhakta yAdi mAnava tIrthaMkaroM ke paricArakoM ke rUpa meM yA maMdira ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vibhinna rUpoM meM aMkita kiye jAte haiM / pratIka-maMdira sAmAnya dRSTi se maMdira svayaM eka pratIka hai / vizeSa dRSTi se maMdira ke naMdIzvara dvIpa, aSTApada ( rekhAcitra 46 ) Adi vividha rUpa sthApatya ke aMtargata ho sakate haiM, kintu usake kucha rUpa kevala graMthoM meM pratipAdita to kiye gaye para sthApatya meM unheM prastuta nahIM kiyA gyaa| stUpa, caityavAsa, niSIdhikA Adi kucha rUpa maMdira kI zreNI meM rakhe jAyeM yA nahIM, kintu, aMtatogatvA, upAsanA ke sthAna hone se unakA varNana isa prasaMga meM kiyA jA sakatA ' nahI; vaha pUrNa rUpa se sthira AvAsagRha hai, avazya hI usakA grAkAra prAcIna vimAna ke samAna hotA hai. 1 saudharma, aizAna, sAnatkumAra, maheMdra, brahma, brahmottara, lAMtava, kApiSTha, zukra, mahAzukra, zatAra, sahasrAra, anata, prAraNata, AraNa aura acyuta. 2 sudarzana, amogha, subuddha, payodhara, subhadra, suvizAla, sumanas, saumanasa aura priyaMkara. 3 lakSmI, lakSmImAlika, vairevaka. rocanaka, soma, somarUpya, aMka, palyaMka aura Aditya / 4 vijaya, vaijayaMta, jayaMta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi. inakI gaNanA isa gAthA meM kI gayI hai : bhavaNAlaya cAlIsA vyaMtaradevAraNa hoMti battIsA / kappAmara caubIsA caMdo sUro kharo tiriyo // 5 535

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [bhAga 9 moMIRAIMIMIRMIRMIRMANUARY Vaa UNThrountammanaONLand amrapsamArabhAkara sAyanAmamA samAjAsamawapmawwammam malini R Ammaa etreatmeMataraman Mommasumaanadaan garamapAnamasAramagaramyAna dAHAMAadMAMALAAMLALIlandanimal HMMM rekhAcitra 46. aSTApada (prabhAzaMkara pro0 somapurA ke anusAra) : 1. garbha-gRha; 2-5. ATha pIThikAeM caturvizati-jinAlaya caturviMzati-jinAlaya meM caubIsa devakulikAeM yA devakoSTha arthAt laghu maMdira hote haiM (rekhAcitra 41), unameM eka-eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti hotI hai, unakA krama maMdira ke pUrvI dvAra ke dakSiNI dvAra-pakSa se prAraMbha hotA hai aura pazcimI dvAra ke dakSiNI dvAra-pakSa para samApta hotA hai jisase ATha-pATha kI tIna paMktiyAM bana jAtI haiM aura bIca kI paMkti mukhya maMdira ke sAmane par3a jAtI hai / jo tIrthakaramUrti mukhya maMdira meM hotI hai use : usake kramAgata sthAna para duharAte nahIM varan usake sthAna para vidyAdevI sarasvatI kI mUrti sthApita karate haiN| __isa prakAra ke maMdira kA nirmANa madhyakAla se abataka paryApta pracalita rahA, yadyapi caubIsa lagha maMdiroM kI vinyAsa-rekhA meM vividhatA rhii| caturvizati-paTTa ko caturvizati-jinAlaya kA hI lana rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai, usakA utkIrNana parvata-zilAnoM para bhI kiyA gyaa| 536

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya meru meru pA~ca haiM : jambU dvIpa ke madhya meM sudarzana, dhAtakIkhaNDa ke pUrva meM vijaya aura pazcima meM / acala tathA puSkarArdha ke pUrva meM maMdira aura pazcima meM vidyunmaalii| pA~coM alaga-alaga videha-kSetroM meM sthita haiM aura una sabakA AkAra-prakAra eka-sA hai, kevala jambUsthita sudarzana una sabase U~cA hai, isIlie use meru ke badale sumeru kahA jAtA hai| sudarzana bhUtala ke nIce 1,000 yojana aura Upara 65,000 yojana hai aura vaha nIce adholoka ko aura Upara Urdhvaloka ko chUtA hai| sabase nIce usakA vistAra 10,0601 yojana hai jo bhUtala taka kama hokara 1,000 yojanA raha jAtA hai, vahA~ usake cAroM ora bhadrazAla vana hai| vahA~ se 500 yojana kI U~cAI taka usakA vistAra 500 yojana kama ho jAtA hai jahA~ use naMdanavana cAroM ora alaMkRta karatA hai| phira 60,500 yojana kI U~cAI taka vistAra meM punaH 500 yojana kI kamI AtI hai aura yahA~ use saumanasa vana zobhAyamAna karatA hai| usake pazcAt 36,000 yojana kI U~cAI taka vistAra kI kamI 464 yojana hai. yahA~ usake cAroM ora pANDaka vana zobhAyamAna hai aura yahIM se 40 yojana U~cI aura 4 yojana vistRta cUlikA yA zikhara-bhAga prAraMbha hotA hai / sumeru kA cAroM ora kA tala haritAla, vaiDrya, sarvaratna, vajra, padma aura padmarAga nAmaka maNiyoM se alaMkRta hai aura 16,500 yojana ke pratyeka aMtarAla para usake rUpoM meM vividhatA hai| bhUtala para sumeru kI cAroM upadizAoM meM eka-eka vakSAra giri hai| gajadaMta ke-se AkAra ke ye vakSAra giri apane dUsare / choroM se mahAzaila, nIlAdri, niSadha parvata aura naMdana zaila ko chate haiN| pratyeka vana kI cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka caityAlaya hai, arthAt eka meru ke solaha aura pAMcoM ke assI caityAlaya haiN| ye sabhI meruoM kI hI bhA~ti akRtrima aura zAzvata haiN| bhadrazAla vana ke pA~ca bhAga haiM : bhadrazAla, mAnuSottara, devaramaNa, nAgaramaNa aura bhUtaramaNa; kintu naMdana, saumanasa aura pANDuka vanoM ke bhAga do-do hI haiN| pANDukavana ke cAroM ora taTa-vedikA hai jo dhvajAroM se suzobhita hai aura jisapara bahu-tala bhavana vidyamAna haiN| yaha 2 kroza U~cI aura 500 dhanuSa caur3I hai aura isake gopura maNimaya haiN| pANDaka kI vanasthaliyoM meM vividha vRkSoM aura vanya prANiyoM kI chaTA hai to jahA~-tahA~ vidyAdharoM aura devoM ke yugala vihAra kiyA karate haiN| usakI cAra dizAoM meM 100 yojana laMbI aura 50 yojana caur3I aura 8 yojana U~cI eka-eka ardhacaMdrAkAra zilA hai| uttara dizA kI pANDuka nAmaka svarNamaya zilA laMbAI meM uttara dakSiNa sthita hai; saggAyaNI nAmaka prAcArya ne isakI UMcAI 4 yojana, laMbAI 500 yojana aura caur3AI 250 yojana mAnI hai / / isa zilA ke madhya meM eka dedIpyamAna siMhAsana aura usakI donoM ora eka-eka bhadrAsana sthita hai aura chatra, camara Adi maMgala-dravya unakI mahimA - ] tiloya-paNNattI, 4, 1821. 537

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArtha [bhAga 1 bar3hAte haiN| bharata-kSetra ke zizu tIrthaMkara ko isI pANDuka zilA ke siMhAsana para virAjamAna karake kramazaH dakSiNa aura uttara ke bhadrAsanoM para AsIna hokara saudharmeMdra aura aizAneMdra janmAbhiSeka karate haiM / Agneya vidizA meM sthita uttara-pazcima laMbI pANDu-kaMbalA nAmaka rajatamaya zilA para apara-videha kSetra ke ziza tIrthaMkara kA janmAbhiSeka hotA hai / naiRtya meM uttara-dakSiNa sthita svarNamaya rakta nAmaka zilA aura vAyavya meM pUrva-pazcima sthita raktAbha rakta-kaMbala zilA para kramazaH airAvata aura pUrva videha ke zizu tIrthaMkaroM kA abhiSeka hotA hai / pANDuka vana meM cUlikA ke samIpa pUrva dizA meM eka 30 kroza U~cA vartulAkAra pUrvAbhimukha prAsAda hai| lohita nAmaka isa susajjita prAsAda ke madhyabhAga meM eka krIDAzaila hai| lohita meM pUrva dizA ke lokapAla soma kA AvAsa hai| isI prakAra dakSiNa meM aMjana, pazcima meM hAridra aura uttara meM pANDuka nAmaka prAsAda haiM jinameM kramazaH usI dizA ke lokapAla yama, varuNa aura kubera nivAsa karate haiN| pANDaka vana kI cAroM dizAoM meM 100 kroza laMbA aura 75 kroza U~cA eka-eka jineMdra-prAsAda bhI hai| saumanasa nAmaka tRtIya vana pANDaka vana se 36,000 yojana nIce sthita hai| yaha 500 yojana caur3A hai aura yahA~ bhI vizAla vedikA Adi haiM / yahA~ ke vajra, vajraprabha, suvarNa aura suvarNaprabha nAmaka prAsAdoM kA vistAra pANDukavana ke prAsAdoM ke vistAra se dogunA hai aura unameM bhI kramazaH uparyukta lokapAloM kA hI AvAsa hai| isa vana kI vidizAoM meM solaha puSpakariNiyAM yA kamala-sarovara haiM aura unake madhya meM eka-eka vihAra-prAsAda hai| pratyeka vihAra-prAsAda 125 kroza U~cA aura usase dhA cauDA hai aura usake madhya meM saudharmeMdra kA bhavya siMhAsana hai jisake sAtha anya aneka deva-deviyoM ke siMhAsana haiM : lokapAloM ke cAra, pratIMdra kA eka, agramahiSiyoM arthAt paTTarAniyoM ke pATha, pravara varga ke battIsa hajAra, caurAsI lAkha sAmAnika varga ke lie, bAraha lAkha pAriSadoM ke lie, caudaha lAkha madhyama pAriSadoM ke lie, solaha lAkha bAhya pariSadoM ke lie, tetIsa trAyastriMza varga ke lie, chaha mahattaroM ke lie, eka mahattarI ke lie aura caurAsI hajAra aMgarakSakoM ke lie / solaha puSkariNiyoM ke nAma haiM : utpalagulmA, nalinA, utpalA aura utpalotpalA Agneya meM; bhRgA, bhRganibhA, kajjalA aura kajjalanibhA naiRtya meM; zrIbhadrA, zrIkAMtA, zrImahitA aura zrInilayA vAyavya meM; aura linA, nalinagUlmA, kUmadA aura kUmadaprabhA aizAna meN| pANDaka kI bhA~ti isa vana meM bhI cAra jineMdra-prAsAda haiN| isa vana kI pratyeka dizA aura upadizA meM 100 yojana U~cA aura bhUtala para utanA hI caur3A eka-eka kaTa hai| ina kUToM para kramazaH meghaMkarA, meghavatI, sumeghA. meghamAlinI, toyaMdharA, vicitrA, puSpamAlA aura aniMditA nAmaka ATha kanyAkumAriyA~ nivAsa karatI haiN| naMdana vana kA prAkAra-prakAra bhI sAmAnyataH uparyukta hai, kintu vistAra meM yaha saumanasa vana se dogunA hai / bhadrazAla vana kA AkAra-prakAra bhI sAmAnyataH anya vanoM kI bhAMti hai| isakA vistAra pANDuka vana se caugunA hai| 538

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya ni: --13 ---12 PARYAYARI-- Har Dam 12YANRAYCMY Y.NAYIL-10 WANSimar KUMSTAR BA) rekhAcitra 47. meru (prabhAzaMkara o0 somapurA ke anusAra) : 1. meru kI vinyAsa-rekhA; 3, 4, 6, 7. cAra siMha-pITha; 5. cUlikA para zAzvata jina-caitya arthAt tIrthaMkara kI sarvatobhadra mUti; 8.2. meru kA pArzva-dRzya bhadrazAla vana; 9. naMdana vana; 10. saumanasa vana; 11. pANDuka vana; 12-14. tIrthaMkaroM ke pITha; 15. uparyukta pA~caveM ke anusaar| 539

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siddhAMta aura pratIkArtha [ bhAga 1 meru kA aMkana sthApatya meM kadAcit kahIM nahIM huA, mUrtikalA' aura citrakalA ke aMtargata avazya huA / caityAlayoM aura pANDuka vana kI zilAoM ke kAraNa hI vAstava meM meru kA mahattva hai| yahA~ meru zabda kA artha parvata kiyA jA sakatA hai (rekhAcitra 47) paraMtu sthApatya ke adhikAMza graMthoM meM ise prAsAdoM kA eka bheda mAnA gayA hai jo prAyaH baha-tala hotA hai| bRhatsaMhitA (56, 20) ke anusAra SaTkoNa bhavanoM ke eka bheda meM bAraha tala, citra-vicitra gavAkSa aura cAra dvAra hote haiM, ye bhavana 52 hasta caur3e aura 45 prakAra ke hote haiM / kucha jaina abhilekhoM aura sAhitya meM aise maMdiroM ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai jinakA nAmakaraNa meru ke nAma se huA paraMtu aise vizeSa prakAra ke bhavanoM ke avazeSa abataka prApta nahIM hue| bUlara kA saMketa hai ki rAjasthAna ke ajamera, jaisalamera, bAr3amera Adi kucha nagaroM ke nAmoM meM jo 'mera' zabda kA prayoga hai vaha prAsAda ke meru nAmaka bheda kA sUcaka hai, arthAt meru nAmaka prAsAda ke nirmANa se kisI ke nAma meM hI meru zabda jur3a gayA aura vaha jur3A huA nAma hI usa nagara kA rakhA gayA jise usane basAyA / yaha saMketa prazaMsanIya hai paraMtu ukta nAmoM kA uttarArdha 'mera' maru arthAt registAna kA apabhraMza pratIta hotA hai| naMdIzvara dvIpa isa loka ke asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudroM meM se DhAI dvIpoM ke anaMtara naMdIzvara nAmaka AThaveM dvIpa (isI adhyAya meM pRSTha 534) kA hI mahattva sarvopari hai / isa vRttAkAra dvIpa ke bhItarI aura bAharI taToM ke madhya cAra parvata haiM: pUrva meM devaramaNa, dakSiNa meM nityodyota, pazcima meM svayaMprabha aura uttara meM ramaNIya jinheM sAmAnya rUpa se aMjana kahate haiM kyoMki unakA raMga kAlA hai| pratyeka aMjana ke cAroM ora ekaeka catuSkoNa sarovara hai jisameM dadhimukha nAmaka parvata hai / dahI ke samAna zveta aura AkAra meM gola isa parvata ke Upara taTa-vediyA~ aura upavana haiN| cAroM sarovaroM ke donoM bAharI koNoM para svarNamaya vartulAkAra parvata haiM, unakA sAmAnya nAma ratikara hai / tAtparya yaha huA ki parvatoM kI saMkhyA bAbana hai : cAra aMjana, solaha dadhimukha, battIsa ratikara / sarovaroM ke apane nAma haiM : pUrva meM naMdA, naMdAvatI, 1 zAha. (umAkAMta premAnaMda), sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955, banArasa, pR 17-18. ve citra 78 aura usake prasaMga meM eka meru ko paMca-meru kaha gaye haiM. 2 prAcArya. (prasanna kumAra) vahI, pR 512-15. 3 jarnalamaoNpha rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla, nyU sIrija, 6, 318. 4 jI. bUlara kA lekha, iDiyana aiNTikverI. 26, pR 164 para prakAzita, bUlara ne isa saMdarbha meM kaI udAharaNa diye haiM. eka udAharaNa aura hai : jaya-meru-zrI-karaNa-maMgalam, draSTavya, I. hulza kA lekha 'iMskripzaMsa oNfa rAjarAja 1, kra.50, sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa, 3, 4 103. 5 na ki aMtima dvIpa, jaisAki umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha likha gaye haiM, vahI, pR 118. 6 jinaprabha-mUri ke vividha-tIrthakalpa 1934, zAMtiniketana, 48-49. meM 'naMdIzvara-dvIpa-kalpa' meM parvatoM Adi ke nAmoM meM sAdhAraNa-sA aMtara hai. 540

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adhyAya 36] sthApatya naMdotarA aura naMdighoSA; dakSiNa meM arajA, birajA, azokA aura vItAzokA; pazcima meM vijayA, vaijayaMtI, jayaMtI aura aparAjitA; uttara meM ramyA, ramAnujA, suprabhA aura srvtobhdraa| sarovara vanoM ke madhya meM haiM, jinameM kramazaH, azoka, saptacchada yA saptaparNa, caMpaka aura AmravRkSa vizeSa rUpa se haiN| aise vana cauMsaTha haiN| pratyeka ke madhya eka-eka prAsAda hai jinameM saparivAra vyaMtara deva rahate haiN| ye prAsAda catuSkoNa haiM aura inakI laMbAI se U~cAI dogunI hai| parvatoM ke agrabhAga para eka-eka prakRtrima jinAlaya hai, saba bAvana haiN| pratyeka akRtrima caityAlaya 100 yojana laMbA, usase AdhA caur3A aura 70 yojana UMcA hai aura usake cAroM ora dvAra haiM, maMdiroM meM 16 yojana ke prAyatAkAra tathA yojana U~ce maNipIThaka haiN| unapara devacchaMdaka arthAta ratnamaya maMca haiM jo maNipIThakoM se adhika laMbe-caur3e haiN| ina devacchaMdakoM para tIrthaMkaroM kI eka sau ATha zAzvata paryakAsanastha pratimAeM virAjamAna haiN| ye ratna-nirmita haiM aura pratyeka ke parikara meM eka nAga, do yakSa, do bhUta, do kalazavAhaka aura eka chatra-dhAraka hai / maMcoM para dhUpa-pAtra, puSpahAra, ghaNTiyA~ aSTa-maMgala dravya, dhvaja, baMdanavAra, peTaka, maMjUSA aura prAsana tathA pUrNa-ghaTa Adi solaha alaMkAra hote haiN| ina prAsAdoM meM mukha-maNDapa, prekSA-maNDapa, akSa-vATaka arthAt akhAr3e, maNipIThaka, stUpa, mUrtiyA~ caitya-vakSa, iMdra-dhvaja aura kamala-sarovara bhI isI krama se haiN| ina bAvana caityAlayoM meM deva-varga prativarSa tIna bAra ASTAhnika parva kA Ayojana karate haiM jisakA anukaraNa Aja bhI jaina samAja meM cala rahA hai| yaha utsava ASAr3ha, kArtika aura phAlgana ke zukla pakSoM ke aMtima ATha dinoM meM manAyA jAtA hai| bRhat jaina zabdArNavara meM ullikhita naMdIzvara-paMktivrata kadAcit isI ASTAhnika utsava kA pratirUpa hai| pravacana-sAroddhAra ke anusAra, aisA hI eka utsava naMdIzvara tapa ke nAma se zvetAMbara jainoM dvArA naMdIzvara-paTa kI pUjA ke sAtha saMpanna kiyA jAtA hai| Thakkara pheru ne maMdira ke bhedoM meM dvApaMcAzata-jinAlaya kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai, yaha bAvana laghu maMdiroM kA eka samUhamAtra hai (rekhAcitra 48) jinameM madhyavartI mukhya maMdira bhI sammilita hai (rekhAcitra 46) aura jinakI saMyojanA satraha-satraha kI do pArzva-paMktiyoM meM, ATha kI agra-paMkti meM yaha saMkhyA bAvana hI hai, adhika nahIM, jaisA ki zAha ne saMdeha vyakta kiyA hai| jise ve 'zAzvata jinAlaya-sahita madhyavartI parvata' kahate haiM vaha vastutaH aMjana hai jisake binA bAvana kI saMkhyA pUrI nahIM hotI. isa saMdeha kI puSTi meM unhoMne jo prAcIna graMthoM ke saMdarbha diye haiM unase bhI isa saMkhyA ke bAvana se adhika hone kA samarthana nahIM hotA. draSTavya, zAha, vahI, pR 120. 2 bhAga 2, 1934, sUrata, pR 512. 3 isapara siddhasena gaNI kI TIkA vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai, 1952, baMbaI. gAthA 1915. 541

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 QO rekhAcitra 48. naMdIzvara-dvIpa prAsAda (prabhAzaMkara o. somapurA ke anusAra) aura nau kI pRSTha-paMkti meM hotI hai| yaha saMkhyA bAvana aura naMdIzvara dvIpa ke jinAlayoM kI saMkhyA ke anurUpa avazya hai kintu isa dvApaMcAzat jinAlaya kI nirdiSTa rUparekhA aura naMdIzvara dvIpa kI lokavidyA ke aMtargata nirdiSTa rUparekhA meM paryApta bhinnatA hai, tathApi yaha mAnanA hI paDegA ki dvApaMcAza jinAlaya bhI naMdIzvara-dvIpa-jinAlaya kA eka saralIkRta rUpAMtara hai| maMdira meM pUrvokta (pRSTha 525), paccIsa bhedoM meM jo naMdizAla aura naMdIza nAma haiM unheM naMdIzvara dvIpa-jinAlaya ke hI rUpAMtara mAnA jA sakatA hai para vivaraNa ke prabhAva meM koI niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA / pahale (pRSTha528) jina bAvana jina-prAsAdoM kI nAmAvalI dI gayI hai unheM naMdIzvara-dvIpajinAlaya mAnA jAye to naMdIzvara dvIpa ke bAvana jinAlayoM ke nAma aura kucha vizeSatAeM jJAta ho sakeMgI, anyathA ye ajJAta hI haiN| 542

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya 26 / / 22 24| 27/28/29/30 44 STATREETITI / / HTM . 43 2 504948 rekhAcitra 49. naMdIzvara-dvIpa prAsAda ke vividha rUpa (prabhAzaMkara o0 somapurA ke anusAra) : 1. bAvana jina-caityoM kA vibhAjana; 2. bAvana jina-caityoM kI sAmAnya prastuti. 543

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 kalA ke kSetra meM naMdIzvara-dvIpa kI pASANa' yA kAMsya kI anukRtiyA~ banI tathA paccIkArI aura citrAMkana meM bhI use sthAna milA, kintu sthApatya meM vaha kadAcit gata zatAbdI meM hI prastuta kiyA gayA jaba gujarAta ke zatrujaMya parvata para isa nAma ke do maMdiroM kA nirmANa huA 2 ye donoM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM kyoMki unameM bAvana laghu maMdiroM ke madhya meM eka-eka atirikta maMdira bhI hai jo zatrujaya parvata kA pratirUpa hai| kucha dina pUrva bihAra ke madhuvana nAmaka sthAna para digaMbara jainoM ne eka naMdIzvara-dvIpa-jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA hai| mUrtikalA meM naMdIzvara-dvIpa ke zilpAMkana ke lie digaMbara cAra pIThoM kI vedI para yA maMdira kI anukRti para cAroM ora tIrthaMkaroM kI laghumatiyA~ utkIrNa karate haiM kintu zvetAMbara pASaNa-zilA yA dhAtu-phalaka para teraha-taraha ke cAra vargoM meM maMdiroM kI bAvana prAkRtiyA~ vibhinna kalAtmaka rUpoM meM utkIrNa karate haiN| samavasaraNa tIrthaMkara kI divya-dhvani samavasaraNa meM hI uccarita hotI hai jisakI racanA saudharma iMdra ke Adeza para kubera dvArA mAyA se kI jAtI hai| tIrthaMkara kA prasthAna hote hI vaha samavasaraNa vighaTita ho jAtA hai aura anya sthAna para usakI racanA punaH kI jAtI hai / sUrya-maNDala kI bhA~ti vartu lAkAra yaha racanA eka aisI vAstu-kRti ke samAna hai jise vizAla sodyAna-prekSAgRha yA pArka-kamaoNDiToriyama kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu isakA vistAra 12 yojana hotA hai| usake uttuMga adhiSThAna para cAroM mora se do-do hajAra sopAnoM se pahu~cA jAtA hai, pratyeka sopAna eka hasta U~cA hotA hai| taba, donoM ora vedikAoM se surakSita vIthiyA~ yA vistRta mArga prAraMbha hote haiN| cAroM ora se prAge bar3hatI ye vIthiyA~ nIlamaNiyoM ke kSetra se hotI haI samavasaraNa ke keMdra taka pahu~catI haiN| sphaTika maNiyoM se jaTita vedikAoM ke satoraNa gopuroM para laharAte dhvaja aura baMdanavAra AkRSTa karate haiN| 1 rAmacaMdrana (TI ena) ne eka pASANa-nirmita laghu naMdIzvara-dvIpa kA ullekha kiyA hai, usakA prAkAra catuSkoNa pITha para nirmita vimAna kI bhAMti hai jisake cAroM ora eka-eka devakoSTha hai| samUce vimAna para zikhara kI saMyojanA se yaha kRti eka bhavya jina-prasAda kI anukRti-sI bana par3I hai| draSTavyaH tirupparuttikkuNram eNa iTsa Tempalsa, 1934, madrAsa, pR 181, citra 21, rekhAcitra 4. 2 phargyusana (je) hisTrI praoNfa iNDiyana eNDa IsTarna prAkiTekcara, (saMzodhita saMskaraNa), 1967, dillI, bhAga 2. 1 29-30. rekhAcitra 279, vahA~ ina maMdiroM kA vistRta paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai. 3 tIrthaMkara kevala karmabhUmiyoM meM utpanna hote haiM, bhogabhUmiyoM meM nahIM. 4 uttarottara tIrthaMkaroM ke samavasaraNoM kA vistAra kramazaH kama hotA gayA hai, para videha kSetroM meM vaha AdyopAMta 12 yojana hI rahatA hai. 544

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya sarvaprathama dhUlizAla arthAt miTTI kA prAcIra milatA hai jisakI cAroM dizAoM ke vijaya, vaijayaMtI, jayaMta aura aparAjita nAmaka cAroM dizAoM ke dvAra tri-tala vAstu-kRtiyA~ hotI haiM jinakI zobhA maMgala-dravya, nava-ratna, aura dhUpa-pAtra dhAraNa karatI vizAla pratimAe~ bar3hAtI haiN| dvAroM ke bAhara makara-toraNa aura bhItara / ratna-toraNa hote haiM, donoM ora madhya meM nATyazAlA hotI hai; ratna-daNDa dhAraNa kiye deva ina dvAroM kI rakSA karate haiN| dhUlizAla ke bhItara 14 kroza kA kSetra caitya-prAsAda bhUmi kahalAtA hai| isa valayAkRti yA cUr3I ke AkAra kI vistRta bhUmi kI bhItarI sImA para vedikA hotI hai aura madhya meM prAsAdoM kI paMktiyA~ / caitya-prAsAda bhUmi kA nAma sArthaka hai kyoMki usameM pA~ca-pA~ca prAsAdoM ke pazcAt eka-eka caitya yA jinAlaya hotA hai / yahA~ se Age bar3hatI upayukta cAroM vIthiyoM ke kinAre nATyazAlAe~ aura natyamaNDapa hote haiN| isa kSetra meM jina sthAnoM para ye cAroM vIthiyA~ praveza karatI haiM vahA~ eka-eka uttuMga mAna-staMbha arthAt mAna vAle staMbha hote haiM jinakA adhiSThAna tIna pITha vAlA hotA hai / nIce ke pITha meM pATha aura madhya aura Upara ke pIThoM meM cAra-cAra sopAna hote haiM / adhiSThAna kI tIsarI vedikA ke dvAroM para cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka sphaTikojjvala sarovara hotA hai| pratyeka sarovara kI apanI dvAra-sahita vedikA hotI hai, usake sopAna maNi-khacita hote haiM aura pratyeka ke sAtha do-do laghu sarovara aura hote haiN| mAna-staMbha kI U~cAI saMbaddha tIrthaMkara kI U~cAI se bArahaganI hotI hai aura usake tIna vRttakhaNDa hote haiM, nIce ke khaNDa meM vajra kI bhA~ti durbhedya vajradvAra hote haiM, dUsarA khaNDa sphaTikamaya hotA hai aura Upara kA vaiDUryamaya / cAroM ora camara, ghaNTiyA~, kSudra-ghaNTikAe~ yA kiMkiNiyA~, maNimAlAeM, dhvaja Adi kI chaTA bikharI hotI hai| mAna-staMbha ke zIrSa para cAroM ora eka-eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti hotI hai jo iMdra ke dvArA isa avasara ke lie vizeSa rUpa se kisI akRtrima caityAlaya se lAyI jAtI hai aura jo aSTa prAtihAryoM arthAt azoka vRkSa, siMhAsana, chatra-traya, bhAmaNDala, divya-dhvani deva-kRta puSpavRSTi, camara DulAte cauMsaTha yakSa aura duMdubhi-vAdaka se maNDita hotI hai / isa kSetra kI bhItarI sImA kI vedikA meM cAroM ora eka-eka dvAra hotA hai| isa vedikA ke bhItara jalamaya kSetra arthAt khAtikA bhUmi hotI hai| sphaTikojjvala jala, kamalaniyoM aura jala-jaMtuoM se bharapUra khAtikA bhUmi ke sopAna maNimaya hote haiN| khAtikA bhUmi kI bhItarI sImA para bhI eka vedikA hotI hai jisake bhItara vallI bhUmi arthAt vana hotA hai| yaha tIsarA kSetra prathama se dogunA vistRta hotA hai aura AkarSaka dRzya, saghana vRkSoM ke madhya latA-kuMja aura muktAkAza meM upalabdha Asana isa kSetra ko suvidhA-saMpanna banAte haiM / vallI bhUmi kI bhItarI sImA para samavasaraNa kA dUsarA prAcIra hotA hai jisake cAroM ora yakSa-rakSita aura zikharAkAra dvAroM para pazuoM aura nArI-prAkRtiyoM ke citrAMkana AkRSTa karate haiN| 545

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 dUsare prAcIra ke bhItara upavanabhUmi hotI hai / azoka, caMpaka, Amra aura saptaparNa nAmaka vRkSoM se zobhAyamAna mArgoM se viziSTa isa cauthI bhUmi kA vistAra prathama bhUmi ke vistAra se dogunA hotA hai| yahA~ bhI nATyazilAeM hotI haiM jinameM nRtya aura saMgIta kA krama sthAyI rUpa se calatA rahatA hai| caitya vRkSa arthAt vRkSAkAra maMdira isa bhUmi ko atyadhika ullekhanIya banAte haiN| isakI bhItarI sImA tIsarA prAcIra banAtA hai| prathama prAcIra se dogune AkAra ke aura usI kI bhAMti dvAroM se viziSTa isa prAcIra para vizeSata: usake dvAroM ke samIpa, itane dhvaja laharAte hote haiM ki usake bhItara kI bhUmi kA nAma hI dhvaja-bhUmi hotA hai| ina lAkhoM dhvajoM para siMha, gaja, vRSabha, garur3a, mayUra, caMdra yA vastra-khaNDa, sUrya yA mAlA, haMsa, kamala aura cakra ke cihna aMkita hote haiN| isa bhUmi kI bhItarI sImA banAne vAlA prAcIra dvAroM aura saMgIta-maNDapoM kI dRSTi se dhUlizAla ke samAna, paraMtu AkAra meM dogunA hotA hai / aura taba, samavasaraNa ke chaThe kSetra kalpa-vRkSa bhUmi kA prAraMbha hotA hai jisake vana-prAMtaroM meM eka adbhuta krama se bikhare vRkSAkAra bhUkhaNDa arthAt kalpa-vRkSa apane camatkAra se darzaka ko AkRSTa kiye binA nahIM rhte| kalpa-vRkSoM ke dasa bheda yathAnAma tathA guNa hote haiM : pAnAMga, tUryAMga, bhUSaNAMga, vastrAMga, bhojanAMga, AlayAMga, dIpAMga, bhAjanAMga, mAlyAMga, aura jyotirNg| inake madhya yatra-tatra nATya-zAlAe~ aura saMgIta-maNDapa hote haiM aura ina kalpa-vRkSoM kI svarNamaya pIThikA para tIrthakara-mUrtiyAM virAjamAna hotI haiN| prathama kSetra se dogunA vistRta yaha kSetra bhItara kI ora cauthe prAcIra dvArA sImita hotA hai jisake dvAroM kI rakSA nAgakumAra karate haiN| aba bhavana bhUmi meM praveza hogA jo samavasaraNa kA sAtavA~ kSetra hotA hai aura jisakA AkAra prathama kSetra ke samAna hai| isameM bahumUlya pASANoM aura dhAtuoM se nirmita agaNita bhavana tathA anya zrAvAsagRha hote haiM aura isakI cAroM vIthiyoM meM nau-nau stUpoM kI eka-eka paMkti hotI hai, jinake nAma haiM : loka, madhyama-loka, maMdara, graiveyaka, sarvArthasiddhi, siddhi, bhavya, moha aura bodhi| inameM tIrthaMkaroM aura siddhoM kI mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna hotI haiM, aura do-do stUpoM ke madhya sau-sau makara-toraNa hote haiN| isa kSetra kI bhItarI sImA para sthita prAcIra AkAza-sphaTika zAla kahalAtA hai kyoMki vaha zveta sphaTika se nirmita hotA hai| yaha sabhI dRSTiyoM se dhUlizAla ke samAna hotA hai kintu isake dvArapAla kalpavAsI hote haiN| isake anaMtara eka yojana guNita eka yojana kA vaha svaccha aura unmukta kSetra hotA hai jisake madhya meM zrI-maNDapa yA lakSmIzvara-maNDapa nAmaka vartulAkAra prekSA-gRha ghar3I ke anukaraNa para bAraha samAna koSThoM meM vibhakta hotA hai ; prati do vIthiyoM ke madhya cAra koSTha hone se ina sabakI vibhAjaka bhittiyoM kI saMkhyA solaha hotI hai| ye bhittiyA~ sphaTika se banI hotI haiM aura inheM svarNamaya staMbha AdhAra dete haiN| zrotA nirdhArita koSThoM meM hI sthAna grahaNa karate haiM; unakA krama hai : tIrthaMkara ke paTTaziSya gaNadhara tathA anya muni, kalpavAsinI deviyAM, sabhI mahilAeM tathA AryikAe~, jyotiSka 546

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adhyAya 36 ] sthApatya devAMganAe~, vyaMtara devAMganAe, bhavanavAsinI deviyAM, bhavanavAsI deva, vyaMtara deva, jyotiSka deva, kalpavAsI deva, manuSya tathA unake zAsaka, sAmaMta Adi, aura pshu-pkssii| samavasaraNa ke madhya-bindu para gaMdha-kUTI hotI hai| usakI bAharI aura zrI-maNDapa kI bhItarI sImA banAtI hai vaha vedikA jo samavasaraNa meM pA~cavIM tathA aMtima hotI hai aura jo cauthe prAcIra ke anurUpa hotI hai| gaMdha-kUTI vastutaH tIrthaMkara kI divya-dhvani ke vistAra ke lie eka vizAla maMca ke samAna hai, vaha tIna vartulAkAra pIThoM para nirmita eka catuSkoNa vAstu-kRti hotI hai / pUrvokta mAna-staMbha ke pIThoM kI bhA~ti AkAra-prakAra ke ye maNimaya pITha vibhinna pratIkoM aura maMgala dravyoM se alaMkRta hote haiM aura unakI cAroM dizAoM meM yakSaMdra mastaka para dharma-cakra dhAraNa kiye khar3e rahate haiN| nIce ke pITha meM solahasolaha sopAnoM kI solaha vIthiyA~ hotI haiN| cAra sopAna-vIthiyA~ to una cAra vIthiyoM se prAraMbha hotI haiM jo samUce samavasaraNa meM hokara AyI hotI haiM, aura zeSa bAraha sopAna-vIthiyA~ bAraha koSThoM se prAraMbha hotI hai jinase pAkara gaNadhara Adi zrotA tIrthaMkara kI pradakSiNA karake pUjA karate haiM aura apane koSTha meM cale jAte haiN| bIca ke pITha para maNidaNDoM para laharAte dhvaja sthApita hote haiM jinapara siMha, vRSabha, kamala, cakra, mAlA, garuDa, aura gaja ke cihna aMkita hote haiN| isI pITha para dhUpa-pAtra nava-nidhiyA~, pUjA kI vastue~, aura maMgala-dravya sthApita hote haiM / isa pITha meM aura Upara ke pITha meM bhI cAroM dizAoM meM pATha-pATha sopAnoM kI eka-eka vIthi hotI hai| tIsare pITha ke madhya meM sthita gaMdha-kuTI apane nAma ke anurUpa gozIra, malaya-caMdana, kAlAguru Adi dhUpoM kI sugaMdha bikheratI rahatI hai| camara, kiMkiNiyA~, maNi-mAlAe~, dhvaja aura dIpa gaMdha-kuTI kI zobhA meM vRddhi karate haiN| usake madhya meM vaha bhavya siMhAsana hotA hai jisakA nirmANa isa loka aura svarga-loka kI sarvotkRSTa maNi-muktAoM se kiyA jAtA hai / usapara sthApita praphulla sahasra-dala kamala para, tIrthaMkara isa taraha virAjamAna hote haiM ki ve usase chUte nahIM balki usase cAra aMgula Upara adhara meM hI virAjamAna rahate haiM / unake samIpa azoka vRkSa aura mastaka para ujjvala chatra-traya kA Ayojana hotA hai| cauMsaTha yakSa unheM camara DulAte haiN| unakI pRSThabhami para prakAzamAna bhAmaNDala zobhAyamAna hotA hai| AkAza devakRta daMdubhi-dhvani se gUMja uThatA hai| aba unakA vizeSaNa tIrthakara pUrI taraha sArthaka hotA hai kyoMki ve saba ora se aise dIkha par3ate haiM mAnoM usI ora mukha kiye baiThe hoM, yadyapi ve bolate haiM pUrva kI ora mukha karake / unakI divya-dhvani sarvArtha-mAgadhI bhASA meM aise uccarita hotI hai mAno uphanatA samudra garjanA kara rahA ho| unakI dhvani pratyeka darzaka ko usakI apanI hI bhASA meM samajha meM AtI hai kyoMki vaha sarvAMga se nikalatI hai, isIlie usa dhvani ko anakSarI vANI kahA jAtA hai| gaNadhara unakI vANI sabhI ko samajhAte haiM aura use bAraha mukhya bhedoM meM arthAt dvAdazAMga yA dvAdazAra ke rUpa meM saMkalita karate haiM, pUrva nAmaka bArahaveM aMga ke caudaha bheda kiye jAte haiN| dhvani ke saMpanna hote hI saudharmeMdra apanI saMgIta-maNDalI ko Adeza dekara apanI bhakti kA pradarzana karatA hai; paura taba tIrthakara maMgala-vihAra karate haiM ki tabhI samavasaraNa vighaTita ho jAtA hai aura punaH yathAsthAna usakI racanA hotI hai| 547

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siddhAMta evaM pratIkArya [ bhAga 1 paurANika pratIkoM samavasaraNa, mAna-staMbha, gaMdha-kuTI, aSTApada Adi, lokavidyA-saMbaMdhI meru, naMdIzvara dvIpa Adi aura isI taraha mUrtizAstra-saMbaMdhI pratIkoM ke vyAvahArika rUpa apane-apane graMthoM ke vidhAnoM ke pUrNatayA anurUpa bahuta kama hI dRSTigata hue haiM, yahA~ taka ki unakI anurUpatA sAhityika saMdarbho se bhI aparyApta hotI hai, yadyapi ye saMdarbha vizeSa rUpa se pratIkoM ke viSaya meM, kaI kAraNoM se viSaya-vizeSa ke graMthoM kA hI kAma karate hai| saca to yaha hai ki samavasaraNa, naMdIzvara-dvIpa Adi vizAla tathA jaTila racanAoM ko vistRta vAstu-kRtiyoM ke rUpa meM bhI pUrNatayA yathAvat pratiSThita karanA kisI bhI sthapati yA matikAra ke lie prAyaH asaMbhava hai| gopIlAla amara 1 isa adhyAya ke rekhAcitroM kA AdhAra analikhita hai| bhagavAnadAsa jaina dvArA saMpAdita vatthusAra-payaraNa (4510, TippaNI 5); prabhAzaMkara oghaDabhAI somapurA dvArA saMpAdita vizvakarmA kA dIpArNava (4510, TippaNI 1); aura mujaphpharapura se 1957 meM prakAzita brahmacArI muktyAnaMda siMha kI mokSazAstra-kaumuvI. PRACT VFOTRA DKOT LON 548

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bhAga 10 saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~

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adhyAya 37 videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya briTiza myujiyama, laMdana briTiza myUjiyama meM jaina mUrtikalA kI prAraMbhika kRtiyAM mathurA-kSetra kI haiM jo guptakAla meM lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI kI nirmita haiN| inameM se tIrthaMkaroM kI tIna pratimAoM ke mAtra zIrSa-bhAga hI yahA~ upalabdha haiM jo ullekhanIya haiN| ye sapheda dhabboMvAle lAla patthara se nirmita haiN| ina saba pratimAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke keza laharadAra ghugharAle challoM meM prasAdhita haiM tathA dAyIM ora parivRtta haiN| ina pratimAoM ke prAyaH gola cehare, dhanuSAkAra bhauMheM, caur3e gAla tathA supuSTa hoMTha mathurA-kSetra ke guptakAlIna mUrtikAroM kI kalAtmaka pratibhA kA paricaya dete haiN| mAtra eka pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ke keza rekhAmoM dvArA cihnita utAra-car3hAvadAra krama meM vyavasthita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke eka saMdara AvakSa pratimA-khaNDa meM kezAvali ko yojanAvat kuNDalita rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai (citra 315 k)| pratimA ke vakSasthala para zrI-vatsa-cihna aMkita hai jo mathurA evaM anya kSetroM meM nirmita guptakAlIna samasAmayika tIrthakara-pratimAoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| tIrthakara ke sira ke pIche eka alaMkRta kamalavata prabhA-maNDala hai jisakI bAhya-paridhi para motiyoM kI kinArI tathA lahariyAdara DijAineM haiM, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ye kuSANakAlIna kalAtmaka pravRttiyA~ guptakAlIna pratimAoM taka meM bhI pracalita rahI haiN| isa saMgrahAlaya meM madhyakAlIna madhya bhAratIya jaina mUrtikalA ko bhI acchA pratinidhitva milA hai| inameM eka pratimA aSTabhujI yakSI kI hai jo abhilekhAMkita pAdapITha se ubharate hue padma-puSpa para lalitAsana-mudrA meM hai (citra 315 kh)| vaha apanI sabase Upara kI bhujAoM meM eka puSpamAlA dhAraNa kiye hai; usakI ye bhujAe~ mukuTa-yukta zIrSa ke pIche kI ora uThI huI haiN| usakI eka dAyIM bhujA meM jhUlatI jhAlara vAlA cakra hai tathA anya donoM bhujAe~ abhaya aura varadamudrA meM haiM / bAyIM ora kI bhujAoM meM vaha eka vRttAkAra darpaNa, eka zaMkha aura saMbhavataH eka pyAlejaisI vastu liye hai jo AMzika rUpa se khaNDita ho cukI hai| yakSI ke pArzva meM donoM ora sevi 1 UparI hAthoM meM puSpamAlA dhAraNa kiye hue prAyaH aisI hI mudrA meM pradarzita eka prAkRti DIDavAnA kI yoga-nArAyaNa pratimA meM dekhI jA sakatI hai. dekhie siMha (esa) evaM lAla (DI), kaiTelaoNga eNDa gAiDa TU saradAra myUjiyama, jodhapura, 1960-61. jayapura, puSTha 8, citra 6. 551

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 kAeM haiN| yakSI kI dAyIM ora khar3I eka vAmanikA ko vINAvAdana karate hae dikhAyA gayA hai aura usakI bAyIM ora ke ghaTane ke pAsa usakA vAhana gaja aMkita hai| yakSI ke kamalAkAra prabhA-maNDala ke pArzva meM donoM ora do puSpamAlA-dhAriNI apsarAeM aMkita haiN| pratimA ke zIrSa para eka tIrthakara-pratimA hai jisameM tIrthaMkara dhyAnamagna padmAsIna-mudrA meM aMkita haiM aura unake pArzva meM eka camaradhArI hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para isa devI kA nAma sulocanA utkIrNa hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga nauvIM zatAbdI kI eka atyuttama kRti hai| isakI samakAlIna isI kSetra kI eka anya devI-pratimA hai jisapara usakA nAma dhRti aMkita hai| yaha devI apane vAhana, saMbhavataH garur3a para, pAlIDha-mudrA meM pAsIna hai jisameM vakSasthala ke samIpa usake hAtha upAsanA-mudrA meM jur3e hue haiM (citra 316 ka) 12 usakI dAyIM bhujAoM meM puSpoM kA guccha, daNDa-sadRza koI vastu, mAlA tathA puna: puSpa aMkita hai jabaki bAyIM ora kI bhujAoM meM kucha padma-puSpa, sarpa aura eka prAyudha parazu hai| usakI nicalI do bhujAe~ TUTa cukI haiM jo saMbhavataH abhaya aura varada-mudrAoM meM rahI hoNgii| devI kI keza-sajjA eka bar3e jar3e ke rUpa meM hai jo puSpoM se alaMkRta hai| isa prakAra kI keza-sajjA madhya evaM pUrvI bhArata kI samasAmayika pratimAoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| devI ke pArzva meM donoM ora tribhaMtra-mudrA meM khar3I sevikAoM kI prAkRtiyA~ haiM / kamalAkAra prabhA-maNDala ke pArzva meM donoM ora kamanIya mudrA meM eka-eka vINA-vAdinI aMkita haiN| pratimA ke zIrSa para madhya meM dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara kI pratimA aMkita hai jinake pArzva meM donoM ora sevaka haiN| yadyapi yaha aba atyaMta kSati-grasta ho cukI hai tathApi apanA mUrtiparaka mahattva rakhatI hai| devI dhati kI samasAmayika isI kSetra kI eka saMyukta pratimA meM eka yakSa aura yakSI ko eka dUsare ke pAvaM meM do alaMkRta bhitti-staMbhoM ke madhya eka devakulikA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai (citra 316 kh)| donoM pratimAoM meM do-do bhujAe~ aMkita kI gayI haiM, dAyIM ora kI abhayamudrA meM haiM aura aMzataH naSTa ho cukI haiM, bAyIM ora kI bhujAoM meM nIbU hai jo khaNDita ho cukA hai| isa pratimA kA eka rocaka vizeSAMkana yaha hai ki isameM tIna baunoM ko eka aise mUrti-phalaka ko AdhAra pradAna kiye hue darzAyA gayA hai jisapara eka deva-yugala aMkita hai| yakSa-yakSI kI keMdravartI pratimA ke pArzva meM donoM ora vINA jaise vAdya-yaMtra ko bajAtI huI do nArI-prAkRtiyA~ haiN| mukhya 1 isa pratimA kI tulanA udayapura saMgrahAlaya sthita banasI se prApta jaina kubera kI pratimA se kIjie. dekhie solaMkI (pI), haiNDabuka Tu vikToriyA haoNla myUjiyama, udayapura. jayapura. pRSTha 17-18. citra 6. 2 viSNu yA lakSmI-nArAyaNa, vaiSNavI (sAta-mAtRkAoM meM se eka) aura jaina yakSI cakrezvarI ko garur3a para jaba baiThe hue darzAyA jAtA hai to ve sadaiva pAlIDha-mudrA meM hotI haiM. 3 zarmA (bI ena). anapablizDa pAla eNDa sena skalpacarsa ina da nezanala myUjiyama, nyU dehalI, IsTa eNDa vesTa, 19, 3-4; pR413-14, citra 1 tathA 2. ye donoM devI-pratimAeM zailIgata rUpa meM madhya pradeza ke sohAgapura kSetra se saMbaddha haiM jahA~ se abhilekha-yukta aneka pratimAeM prApta huI haiM aura ve dhubelA-saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai. tulanA kIjie dIkSita (esa ke). e gAiraha da sTeTa myUjiyama, dhubelA, naugAMva 1957, rekhAcitra 10 ka. 552

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya phalaka ke zIrSa para eka devakulikA hai jisameM tIrthaMkara kI padmAsana pratimA hai| devakulikA ke Upara kuNDalAkAra zikhara hai jisake Amalaka dhArIdAra haiN| Amalaka ke donoM ora eka-eka vidyAdharayugala hai jo tIrthakara kI ora hAthoM meM mAlAe~ liye ur3ate hue A rahe haiN| pAdapITha para eka paMkti kA abhilekha aMkita haiM jisameM anaMtavIrya likhA huA hai, jo saMbhavataH yakSa ke lie prayukta huA hai| __ eka pratimA jaina yakSI kI hai jo saMbhavataH padmAvatI kI hai, jisakI cAroM bhujAoM meM, ghar3I kI suI ke krama se kramazaH khaDga kI mUMTha (talavAra khaNDita ho cukI hai), sarpa, DhAla tathA kamala haiM (citra 317 ka) / yakSI kA sira thor3A dAyIM ora jhukA huA hai aura vaha tIna phaNa vAle nAga-chatra ke nIce tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3I hai| yakSI kA U~cA karaNDa-mukuTa, gale kA AbhUSaNa-hAra, karadhanI, tathA deha-yaSTi kA kamanIya pratirUpaNa Adi vizeSatAe~ iMgita karatI haiM ki yaha pratimA dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke mAlavA-kSetra ke kisI pratibhA-saMpanna paramArakAlIna mUrti-zilpI kI atyuttama kRti hai / / yakSI ke vAhana sarpa ko usake pairoM ke samIpa reMgate hue darzAyA gayA hai| yakSI ke pArzva meM donoM ora aMkita sevikAoM kI AkRtiyA~ pUrNarUpeNa khaNDita ho cukI haiN| nAga-phaNa-chatra ke keMdravartI phaNa ke Upara sevakoM sahita tIrthaMkara kI eka lagha pratimA aMkita hai| devI sarasvatI kI upAsanA hiMduoM, bauddhoM aura jainoM meM samAna rUpa se lokapriya rahI hai| jaina dharma meM vaha chaThe tIrthakara padamaprabha kI yakSI ke rUpa meM mAnya rahI hai| sarasvatI kI madhyakAlIna kucha pratimAeM pallU, lADanU aura devagar3ha se prApta huI haiN| isa saMgrahAlaya meM eka zveta saMgamaramara kI sarasvatI-pratimA surakSita hai jo saMbhavataH dakSiNa-pazcima rAjasthAna-kSetra kI hai| isa pratimA meM sarasvatI ko abhilekhAMkita pAdapITha para kamanIya tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai (citra 317 kha) / pratimA kI dAyIM bhujAe~ khaNDita ho cukI haiM, bAyIM bhujAoM meM vaha pakSamAlA aura pustaka liye hai / isa pratimA kA vizada karaNDa-mukuTa, mohaka AbhUSaNa aura kaTisUtra se saMbhAlI gayI 1 caMdA (rAma prasAda). meDibala iNDiyana skalpacara ina da briTiza myUjiyama, laMdana. pR 41-42. citra 9. 2 isa pratimA kI tulanA dhAra se prApta briTiza myUjiyama, laMdana sthita prasiddha sarasvatI kI pratimA se kI jA sakatI hai. zarmA (bI ena) sozala eNDa kalcarala hisTrI oNfa nArdana iNDiyA (lagabhaga san 1000-1200). 1972. naI dillI. citra 9. 3 goetz2a (haramana). mArTa eNDa pAkiTekcara oNfa bIkAnera sTeTa. 1950. oNksaforDa, citra 9-10. 4 hANDA (DI) evaM agravAla (jI). 'e nyU jaina sarasvatI phraoNma rAjasthAna,' IsTa eNDa vesTa, 23, 1-2 pR 169 170 tathA citra. 5 bhaTTAcArya (bI sI) jaina mAikonogrAfI. 1974. dillI. citra 41. 6 rotheMsTIna (DablyU) ekjAmpalsa praoNfa iNDiyana skalpacara ina da briTiza myUjiyama. 1923. laMdana. citra 6. 553

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 pAradarzI sAr3I hameM pallU se prApta usa prasiddha sarasvatI-pratimA kA smaraNa karAtI hai jo nayI dillI sthita rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai (dekhie adhyAya 38) / isa pratimA ke pArzva meM donoM aura dhyAnAsIna tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ haiN| sarasvatI-pratimA ke UparI bhAga meM tIrthaMkara padamaprabha kI laghu prAkRti aMkita hai jisameM puSpamAlAe~ hAtha meM liye ur3ate hue vidyAdhara-daMpatiyoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI haiM / devI ke pairoM ke samIpa do khar3I haI sevikAoM tathA dAna-dAtA-daMpati kI prAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiN| isa pratimA ke lie bArahavIM zatAbdI kA paramArakAlIna samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi, gajarAta ke caulakyoM tathA unake uttaravartI kAla meM tIrthaMkaroM aura jaina dharma ke devIdevatAoM kI asaMkhya dhAtu-nirmita pratimAoM kI racanA huI kintu unameM se adhikAMza eka-jaisI hI haiN| kyoMki ve eka bar3e paimAne para bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM, vizeSa kara zvetAMbaroM ke lie upAsanA-hetu nirmita kI gayIM isalie unakI suMdaratA aura sauMdarya-bodha para vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA gyaa| isa saMgrahAlaya meM mahAvIra sahita paMca-tIthikA bhI hai jisameM unheM siMhAsana para biche Asana para eka ke Upara dUsarA paira rakhe dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| unake eka pArzva meM kAyotsargamudrA meM eka tIrthaMkara tathA dUsare pArzva meM eka sevaka aMkita hai| anya do dhyAnAvasthita tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ unake prabhA-maNDala ke Asa-pAsa pradarzita haiN| makhya pratimA ke zIrSa ke Upara kI devakUlikA meM eka hAthI hai jisake Upara eka chatra hai| mahAvIra ke lAMchana siMha ko sammukha-bhAga meM una do jhuke hue siMhoM ke madhya aMkita kiyA gayA hai jo unake siMhAsana ko AdhAra pradAna kiye hue haiN| siMhAsana ke pArzva meM eka aora mAtaMga yakSa ko aura dUsarI ora siddhAyikA yakSI ko, jo mahAvIra ke yakSa-yakSI haiM, baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga ke keMdra meM dharma-cakra kA pratIka banA huA hai jisakI donoM ora hariNa aura navagraha aMkita haiN| do mAnava-AkRtiyA~ jo isa pratimA ke dAna-dAtAoM kI haiM, hAthoM ko aMjali-mudrA meM prAbaddha kiye donoM ora ke choroM para aMkita haiN| inakI bar3I-bar3I ubharI huI A~kheM, sapATa nAka, gola aura bhArI hoMTha tathA sapATa dhar3a-bhAga kI vizeSatAeM isa pratimA ke lie uttaravartI, saMbhavata: paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke samaya kA saMketa detI haiN| tIrthaMkara kI eka anya pratimA bhI isa saMgrahAlaya meM hai jo kuzalatA se nahIM gar3hI gayI hai| yaha pratimA saMbhavata: bihAra kI hai jisameM unheM eka chatra ke nIce dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai aura pArzva meM donoM ora eka-eka camaradhArI haiM / pratimA ke madhyavartI phalaka para eka nara aura nArI kI eka dUsare ke pArzva meM baiThI huI prAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiM jo saMbhavataH tIrthaMkara ke yakSa aura yakSI haiN| puruSa apanI goda meM eka bAlaka ko baiThAye hai tathA dUsare hAtha meM eka puSpa dhAraNa kiye hai| nArI kA dAyA~ hAtha khaNDita ho gayA hai| vaha eka bAlaka ko apanI goda meM dAyIM ora aura dUsare ko bAyIM ora baiThAye hai| kisI lAkSaNika cihna ke aMkita na hone se ina prAkRtiyoM ko pahacAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai| sabase nicale phalaka meM pAMca baunI AkRtiyA~ vibhinna hAva-bhAva aura mudrAoM meM aMkita haiN| pUrvI uttara pradeza se prApta eka pratimA, jo isa samaya bhArata kalA bhavana vArANasI meM pradarzita hai, isa pratimA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie upayukta rhegii| zailIgata 554

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya AdhAra para isa pratimA ke lie lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika pAla kAla nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka AyatAkAra pAdapITha para dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe tIrthaMkara kI dhAtu-pratimA bhI upalabdha hai| yaha pratimA burI taraha kSati-grasta ho cukI hai| saMbhavataH yaha pratimA bihAra-kSetra se saMbaMdhita hai| yadyapi tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana dikhAI nahIM detA tathApi kaMdhoM para laharAte hue keza-gucchoM ke kAraNa unheM nizcita rUpa se tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| alaMkaraNa-vihIna vRttAkAra prabhA-maNDala, jisakI paridhi se agni-jvAlAeM nikala rahI haiM yaha saMketa detA hai ki isa pratimA kI racanA navIM-dasavIM zatAbdI meM pAla-kAla meM huI hogii| pUrva-gaMga zailI meM nirmita ur3IsA kI cAra pratimAe~, jinheM pichalI zatAbdI meM bhArata se le jAyA gayA, isa samaya briTiza myUjiyama ke DipArTameNTa oNpha di orieNTala eNTIkviTIja ke aMtargata brija kalekzana ke nAma se prasiddha mUrti-saMgraha meM surakSita haiM / atyaMta kuzalatA se utkIrNa eka pASaNapratimA meM RSabhanAtha aura mahAvIra ko digaMbara avasthA meM eka dUsare ke pArzva meM khar3e AjAnu-bAhu kAyotsarga-madrA meM darzAyA gayA hai (citra 318 k)| RSabhanAtha ke sira para kezoM kA eka unnata jaTA-makuTa hai aura keza kaMdhoM para laharA rahe haiN| mahAvIra ke keza choTe-choTe dhuMdharAle challoM ke rUpa meM haiM tathA unheM mastaka para ubharA huA aMkita kiyA gayA hai| saprANa prAkRtiyA~, laMbe kAna ghuTanoM taka pahuMcane vAlI laMbI velanAkAra bhujAeM, sAnupAtika deha-yaSTi kI vizeSatAe~ tathA nAsAgra-dRSTi, netroM kA aMkana unake zAMta, saumya evaM karuNa bhAva kA prakAzana karatA hai| pratimA ke pAdapITha para RSabhanAtha kA lAMchana baiThA huA vRSabha tathA mahAvIra kA lAMchana siMha aMkita hai| ina lAMchanoM ke sAtha pAdapITha ke keMdra meM airAvata hAthI para ArUr3ha iMdra kI eka laghu AkRti tathA dAyeM kone para isa pratimA ke dAna dAtA-daMpati kI AkRti aMkita hai / mukhya pratimA ke donoM pAzvoM meM eka-eka ora camaradhArI sevaka khar3A hai| yaha pratimA gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbhika gaMga-kAla kA eka uttama nidarzana hai| pArzvanAtha kI do pratimAoM meM se eka meM nAga kI kuNDalI ke Age pArzvanAtha kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e hue haiN| unake divya zarIra ke Upara nAga ke sAta phaNa dikhAI de rahe haiN| tIrthaMkara ke keza ghugharAle challoM ke rUpa meM haiM tathA sira ke Upara U~ce ubhare hue haiN| tIrthaMkara kI isa digaMbara pratimA ke pArzva meM eka camaradhArI sevaka hai tathA pratyeka dizA meM cAra nakSatra aMkita haiN| isa pratimA ke lie bArahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake samasAmAyika pArzvanAtha kI eka anya utkRSTa pratimA meM, jo kaI jagaha se khaNDita ho cukI hai, eka suMdara prastuti dekhane ko milatI hai| hama pratimA ke pRSTha-bhAga meM nAga 555

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyAM [ bhAga 10 kI kSatijika krama meM vyavasthita kuNDalAkAra eka vizAla AkRti hai jisake samakSa kAyotsarga-mudrA meM pArzvanAtha aMkita hai| isa pratimA meM uparokta pratimA kI bhA~ti nakSatroM kA aMkana nahIM hai| jainoM meM lokapriya aMbikA yakSI ko, jise zizoM sahita pAmra-vRkSa ke nIce aneka pratimAoM meM utkIrNa pAyA jAtA hai, citra 318 kha meM eka apsarA kI-sI lacIlI mudrA meM AkarSaka rUpa se khar3I huI aMkita kiyA gayA hai| isake UparI bhAga meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI eka laghu prAkRti aMkita hai / yakSI ke pArzva meM donoM ora utkIrNa latAoM meM baMdara Adi kA vibhinna pramodakArI mudrAoM meM aMkana kiyA gayA hai| yakSI jUr3A bAMdhe hue tathA caur3A paTTIdAra gale kA hAra evaM uttarIya dhAraNa kiye hai| uttarIya kA eka sirA usake bAyeM vakSasthala ko DhaMkatA huA Upara kI ora tathA dUsarA sirA dAyeM hAtha ke pArzva se nIce kI ora hokara jAtA hunmA darzAyA gayA hai| yakSI kI pAradarzI sAr3I ghuTanoM se bhI U~cI baMdhI huI hai tathA usake kaTi-bhAga para ratna-jar3ita mekhalA Abaddha hai / aMbikA kA jyeSTha zizu zubhaMkara usakI dAyIM ora khar3A huA aMbikA ke dAyeM hAtha meM lage hue Amra-phaloM ke gucche meM se eka phala tor3ane kI ceSTA kara rahA hai, yakSI bAyeM hAtha se apane kaniSTha zizu prabhaMkara ko sa~bhAle hue hai| pAdapITha ke samakSa bhAga para baiThe hue siMha tathA isa pratimA ke dAna-dAtA kI AkRti aMkita hai| yaha pratimA hameM ur3IsA se prApta prAyaH isakI samakAlIna devI pratimA kA smaraNa karAtI hai jo isa samaya amarIkA kI sTeNDahala gailarIja meM surakSita hai| isa pratimA ke lie lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| dakSiNa bhArata se lAyI gayI AdinAtha kI caubIsI meM paMca-ratha prakAra ke pAdapITha para kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara pradarzita haiN| dAyIM ora ke UparI bhAga meM utkIrNa pratimAeM khaNDita aura lupta ho cakI haiN| aba jo bhAga zeSa bacA hai usapara dhyAna-mudrA meM aMkita baiThI haI tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| motI ke AkAra ke dAnoM se alaMkRta paridhi-yukta prabhA-maNDala aura kaMdhoM para laharAte hue keza-guccha pramANita karate haiM ki yaha pratimA tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI honI caahie| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para yakSa aura yakSI aMkita haiM jo apanI cAroM bhujAoM meM apane-apane vizeSa upAdAna grahaNa kiye hue haiM / yahA~ yaha ullekha karanA rocaka rahegA ki tIrthaMkara ke vakSa para zrIvatsa kA cihna aMkita nahIM hai jaba ki uttara bhArata (baMgAla ke atirikta) kI tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM meM zrIvatsa kA aMkana hotA hai lekina dakSiNa bhArata aura dakSiNApatha kI tIrthakara-pratimAeM binA zrIvatsa-cihna ke aMkita kI gayI haiN| isa tathya ko dakSiNa bhArata kI aisI hI samasta pratimAoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / 1 DeviDasana (je leroya). mArTa praoNpha di iNDiyana saba-kaoNNTIneNTa phraoNma saoNsa eMjilsa kalekzansa. 1968 . laoNsa eMjilsa. citra 36. zivarAma mUrti (sI). 'jyogrAfikala eNDa kronolaoNjIkala phaikTarsa ina iNDiyana AikonogrAfI,' eMzieNTa iNDiyA 6,1950.44-46. 556

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) briTiza myUjiyama : eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti kA ghar3a (mathurA) Aia OL. (kha) briTiza myUjiyama : yakSI sulocanA (madhya bhArata) citra 315

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ 78 (kha) briTiza myUjiyama eka yugala (madhya bhArata ) (ka) briTiza myUz2iyama : yakSI dhRti (madhya bhArata) citra 316 [ bhAga 10

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adhyAya 37] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya (kha) briTiza myUjiyama : sarasvatI (dakSiNa-pazcima rAjasthAna) (ka) briTiza myUjiyama : yakSI padmAvatI (madhya bhArata) citra 317

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 (ka) briTiza myUjiyama : RSabhanAtha aura mahAvIra (ur3IsA) (kha) briTiza myUjiyama : yakSI aMbikA (ur3IsA) citra 318 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #261
adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya (kha) briTiza myUjiyama : kAMsya-nirmita sarasvatI (karnATaka) (ka) briTiza myUjiyama : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (karnATaka) citra 319

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 briTiza myUjiyama : kAMsya-nirmita tIrthakara pArzvanAtha (dakSiNa bhArata) citra 320 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 37] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama : tIrthaMkara-mUrti (mathurA) (kha) briTiza myUjiyama : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (gyArasapura) citra 321

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama tIrthaMkara mUrti (pazcima bhArata ) citra 322 [ bhAga 10

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videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya adhyAya 37 ] jinakA vivecana nIce kiyA jA rahA hai / isa pratimA para lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI kA eka samarpaNa saMbaMdhI abhilekha aMkita hai / tIrthaMkara kI eka anya caubIsI meM mukhya pratimA kI donoM ora aMkita AlaMkArika paToM ke bhItarI bhAga meM teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiM / gola-gola laMbe avayavoM, sapATa ghar3a tathA vizeSa ubhare hue ghuTanoM vAle tIrthaMkara kI digaMbara pratimA meM usa AkarSaNa evaM jIvaMtatA kA prabhAva hai jo dakSiNApatha kI aneka jaina pratimAnoM meM pAyI jAtI hai / isameM tIrthaMkara ke zAsanadevatA unake pArzva meM baiThe darzAye gaye haiM / isa pratimA ke lie bArahavIM - terahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / 1 dakSiNApatha se prApta cAlukyakAlIna digaMbara tIrthaMkara pratimA meM unheM sAmAnya mudrA meM eka tihare chatra ke nIce darzAyA gayA hai / pratimA ke zIrSa-bhAga para eka kIrti mukha aMkita hai / tIrthakara kI yakSa-yakSI kI pratimAoM meM unake vizeSa upAdAna naSTa ho cuke haiM / tIrthaMkara kI pratimA ke pArzva meM eka ora eka zailIbaddha makara para zrArUr3ha AkRti aMkita hai / pAdapITha ke sammukha bhAga para lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI kA eka abhilekha aMkita hai jo prAyaH naSTa ho cukA hai / 1 pArzvanAtha kI eka sudakSatApUrNa aMkita pratimA meM unheM dhyAnavasthA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai jisameM unake hAtha goda meM rakhe hue haiM jinakI hatheliyA~ Upara kI ora haiM (citra 316 ka ) / sAta phaNa vAlA nAga apane phaNa- chatra se pArzvanAtha ke zIrSa-bhAga para chAyA kiye hai, nAgaphaNa ke Upara tIna chatra aura eka kIrti-mukha hai jisase puSpAMkita paTTa nissRta ho rahA hai, isa prakAra vaha pratimA kI deha yaSTi ke lie alaMkaraNa kI racanA karatA hai| tIrthaMkara ke mukha maNDala kI bhAvAbhivyakti prakaTa karatI hai ki ve sAMsArika baMdhanoM se mukti pA cuke haiN| unake sira ke samIpa pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI sevaka khar3e haiM jo unheM phala jaisI koI vastu bheMTa kara rahe haiN| unakA yakSa dharaNeMdra aura yakSI padmAvatI apane-apane vAhana kramaza: hAthI aura sarpa para ArUr3ha tInaphaNa vAle nAga chatra ke nIce baiThe haiM / isa pratimA ko lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI ke cAlukyakAlIna mUrti-kalA kI eka atyaMta utkRSTa kRti mAnA jA sakatA hai / dakSiNa bhArata aura dakSiNApatha kI aneka jaina kAMsya pratimAnoM meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA ullekhanIya hai jise bhramavaza mahAvIra kI pratimA ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / ' isa pratimA meM pArzvanAtha ko sata-phaNI nAga chatra ke nIce dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai / nAgachatra ke Upara, eka ke Upara eka, tIna chatra pradarzita ( citra 320 ) / pArzvanAtha kI pUrvokta 1 haiDave (DablyU esa ) . 'noTasa praoNna TU jaina meTala imejez2a' rUpam 17 janavarI, 1924. kalakattA. pR 48. tathA pU 49 ke samakSa kA citra. 557

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 prAraMbhika pratimA kI bhAMti isa pratimA meM bhI tIrthaMkara ke pAvaM meM donoM aura camaradhArI sevaka tathA unakA yakSa dharaNeMdra aura yakSI padmAvatI aMkita haiN| unake ghugharAlI kezAvaliyoM ko uttama prakAra se prasAdhita kiyA gayA hai| unake pIche eka alaMkRta caukhaTA Upara kI ora uThe hue golAkAra do staMbhoM para AdhArita hai / ina staMbhoM para puSpalatA-vallariyoM kI abhikalpanAoM se yukta makara-mukha aMkita haiM jo apane mukha se alaMkRta paTTa tathA bAhya paridhi para agni kI jvAlAeM nikAla rahe haiN| pratimA ke pRSThabhAga para dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI kannar3a lipi meM eka abhilekha utkIrNa hai| sarasvatI kI eka suMdara pratimA meM, jo saMbhavataH karnATaka-kSetra se upalabdha huI hai, devI ko eka kamanIya mudrA meM khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai jisameM usake zarIra kA samasta bhAra dAyIM ora ke paira para hai aura bAyA~ paira Age kI ora bar3hA huA, ghuTane se mur3A huA hai (citra 316 kh)| usakI dAyIM bhujA meM eka padmapuSpa kI kalI hai tathA bAyIM bhujA meM eka pustaka hai| vaha nIce kI ora dekhatI apane upAsakoM ko jJAna-dAna karane kI mudrA meM aMkita hai| usake UparI bhAga meM eka choTI-sI tIrthakara-pratimA dhyAna-mudrA meM pradarzita hai| yaha abhilekha-yukta pratimA hameM isI kSetra se prApta samakAlIna aMbikA kI eka pratimA kA smaraNa karAtI hai jo isa samaya laoNsa eMjilsa ke kAuNTI myUjiyama praoNpha pArTa meM pradarzita haiN| yaha pratimA lagabhaga dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| ina pratimAoM ke atirikta briTiza myUjiyama ke iNDiyana sekzana (bhAratIya vibhAga) meM kucha laghu AkAra kI jaina kAMsya-pratimAe~ bhI haiN| ye pratimAe~ mukhyataH dakSiNApatha kI haiM jinameM se kAyotsarga-tIrthaMkara kI eka digaMbara pratimA kalA kI pratyuttama kRti hai| yadyapi tIrthaMkara kI bAyIM bhajA khaNDita ho cukI hai tathApi, isakI ucca zreNI kI camakadAra pAliza use lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI eka utkRSTa kalAkRti ke rUpa meM viziSTa sthAna dilAtI hai / eka anya pratimA meM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha ko eka U~ce siMhAsana para paMca-phaNI sarpa ke phaNa-chatra ke nIce baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| yakSa mAtaMga ora yakSI zAMtA ko pAdapITha para sammukha kI ora baiThe hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai, pAdapITha para eka paMkti meM ATha nakSatroM ko mAnavIkRta rUpa meM khar3e darzAyA gayA hai| isa pratimA kI tithi dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai| dakSiNApatha kI anya jaina pratimAoM meM eka aura sarvAdhika ullekhanIya kAMsya-pratimA hai jisameM eka daMpati ko darzAyA gayA hai jo saMbhavataH tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA haiN| yaha daMpati pAdapITha para khar3A huA hai| pAdapITha ke AdhAra para pATha digaMbara prAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiN| puruSAkRti ke dAyeM hAtha meM padma-puSpa aura bAyeM hAtha meM nIbU phala hai| isI prakAra nArI-prAkRti ke dAyeM hAtha meM padama aura bAyeM hAtha meM phala aMkita haiN| donoM prAkRtiyA~ samasAmayika vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta haiN| lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI kI 1 pAla (pI). da sekreDa eNDa sekyUlara ina iNDiyana ArTa. 1974. laoNsa aiMjilsa. citra 26. 2 zAha (umAkAMta premAnaMda). sTIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa, citra 17. rekhAcitra 45 se tulanA kojie. 558

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adhyAya 37 ] vivezoM ke saMgrahAlaya isa pratimA ke pRSTha-bhAga meM sthita alaMkRta caukhaTe ke zIrSa para dhyAna-madrA meM tIrthakara kI eka choTIsI pratimA aMkita hai| inake atirikta isa saMgrahAlaya meM tIrthaMkaroM kI kucha anya pratimAe~ haiM jo bahuta uttaravartI kAla kI aura akuzalatA se gar3hI gayI haiN| inameM tIrthaMkaroM ko baiThe yA khar3e hae sAmAnya madrAmoM meM darzAyA gayA hai ataH inapara vicAra karane kI vizeSa AvazyakatA nahIM hai| brajendra nAtha zarmA vikToriyA eNDa elbarTa myUjiyama, laMdana vikToriyA eNDa elbarTa myUjiyama meM jaina kalA se saMbaMdhita sabase prAraMbhika kRti eka tIrthaMkara kI pratimA hai jisakA zIrSa-bhAga khaNDita ho cukA hai| tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiM jisameM unake hAtha dhar3a-bhAga ke sAtha donoM pArzva meM laMba rUpa meM saTe hue haiM (citra 321 ka) / yaha pratimA sapheda dhabbe vAle lAla patthara se utkIrNa hai| pratimA digaMbara hai aura usake vakSasthala para kuSANakAlIna paraMparA meM zrIvatsa-cihna aMkita hai| saMgrahAlaya ke dastAvejoM meM isa pratimA ko truTi se ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara naminAtha batAyA gayA hai / vastutaH isa pratimA ke kaMdhoM para laharAte hue keza-gucchoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha pratimA tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI hai| isa pratimA kA yadyapi zIrSa khaNDita hai tathApi kamalAkAra prabhA-maNDala kA jo aMza avaziSTa hai usake kinAroM para laharadAra utkIrNana haiN| tIrthakara kI dAyIM bhujA khaNDita hai| pratimA para parisajjA kA abhAva hai jo yaha saMketa detA hai ki yaha pratimA dUsarI zatAbdI kI kuSANakAlIna kalA-kRti hai| RSabhanAtha kI eka anya pratimA jo mirjApura kSetra kI hai, kamanIya pratirUpaNa aura uccastarIya parisajjA ke lie ullekhanIya hai / yaha pratimA chaThI zatAbdI kI uttara guptakAlIna kalAkRti hai jisakA zIrSa khaNDita hai; yaha pratimA atyaMta kSatigrasta ho cukI hai| isameM donoM pArzva se do siMhoM para AdhArita siMhAsana para tIrthaMkara ko dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaka ke keza-guccha kaMdhoM para laharA rahe haiM tathA unake vakSasthala para zrIvatsa-cihna aMkita hai| sammukha-bhAga meM unakA lAMchana vRSabha aMkita hai| unake dAyeM pArzva meM eka sevakapradarzita hai jisakA zIrSa khaNDita ho cukA hai jabaki bAyIM ora aMkita sevaka kI samUcI prAkRti naSTa ho cukI hai| tIrthaMkara ke ghuTanoM ke samIpa yakSa aura yakSI-pratimAe~ aMkita haiM jo naSTa ho cukI haiN| 1 kumArasvAmI (prAnaMdakumAra) kaiTelaoNga oNpha da iNDiyana kalaMkzana ina da myUjiyama oNpha phAina mArTa sa, bosTana, 1923. 86 citra 43, tathA bhaTTAcArya, pUrvokta, ke sammukha citra meM RSabhanAtha kI pratimA ko truTi se mahAvIra kI pratimA batAyA gayA hai. 2 bUtha (mArka eca). vikToriyA eNDa ebaTa myUjiyama, iNDiyana skalpacara, e TrevaliMga ekjivIzana. 1971. laMdana, rekhAcitra 14. 559

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 pArzvanAtha kI eka anya utkRSTa pratimA (citra 321 kha) meM, jo kisI samaya vidizA jile meM gyArasapura ke eka jaina maMdira meM pratiSThita thI, tIrthakara ko siMhAsana para padmAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai, unake pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI sevaka haiN| isa pratimA meM aMkita eka asAmAnya vizeSatA yaha hai ki megha-kumAra (bAdaloM ke rAjakumAra)dvArA pracaNDa jhaMjhAvAta sahita AkramaNa ke samaya tIrthaMkara ko dhAtakI vRkSa ke nIce baiThe hue 'aAtApana yoga' kI ugra sAdhanA karate hue darzAyA gayA hai| pratimA meM sarparAja dharaNeMdra ko tIrthaMkara ke zIrSa para apane sata-phaNI chatra dvArA chAyA karate hue tathA usakI rAnI nAgI padmAvatI ko unake Upara zveta raMga kA chatra tAne hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai| nAga-chatra ke pArzva meM donoM prora AkAza meM ur3ate hue puSpamAlAdhArI gaMdharvo kA tathA unake Upara nagAr3e bajAte hue hAthoM kA aMkana hai jo jhaMjhAvAta kI garjana-dhvani ko pradarzita karatA hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para eka baunI mAnava-AkRti ko hAthoM meM cakra dhAraNa kiye hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai| pratimA meM AkarSaka vidhi se pUrva pracalita gupta zailI kI paraMparA kA nirvAha parilakSita hotA hai jo saMketa detA hai ki isa pratimA kA racanAkAla sAtavIM zatAbdI rahA hai| bihAra se upalabdha eka dUsarI samasAmayika, prAyaH isI prakAra kI pratimA, jisameM tIrthaMkara ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai, isa samaya kalakattA ke iNDiyana myUjiyama meM dekhI jA sakatI hai|| caulukyakAlIna pazcima-bhArata kI dhAtu-pratimAoM kI lokapriyatA kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| eka tri-tIthikA meM eka tIrthaMkara ko Asana para dhyAna-mudrA baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai / ina tIrthaMkara ko pahacAnA nahIM jA sakA hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM eka aora kAyotsarga-mudrA meM eka tIrthakara tathA dUsarI ora camaradhArI sevaka khar3e haiM (citra 322) / khar3e hue tIrthaMkara ke keza dhuMgharAle haiM tathA ve paTTiyoM ke rUpa meM suvyasthita haiN| donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke zrIvatsa-cihna aura A~kheM usI prakAra cA~dI nirmita aura paccIkArI dvArA lagAyI gayI haiM jisa prakAra isa kAla kI adhikAMzataH kAMsyatIrthakara-pratimAoM meM pAyI jAtI haiN| caur3A ceharA, supuSTa Thor3hI tathA sevakoM evaM yakSa-yakSiyoM ke karaNDa-mukuToM se saMketa milatA hai ki yaha pratimA lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI ke paramArakAlIna mUrtikAra kI racanA hai| yakSa aura yakSI dvArA bhujAoM meM dhAraNa kiye hue apane vizeSa upAdAnoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ve gomedha aura aMbikA haiM jo tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke zAsana-devatA haiN| tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA lAMchana zaMkha isa pratimA para aMkita nahIM hai| cAhamAna-kalA kI eka sarvottama kRti tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha kI kAMsya-pratimA hai jo saMbhavataH rAjasthAna se saMbaMdhita hai| isa AkarSaka pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko dhyAna-mudrA meM prAsana para baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai (dekhie isI bhAga kA smmukh-citr)| tIrthakara ke ghugharAle challedAra keza yojanAvat DhaMga se vyavasthita haiN| unake vakSa para suspaSTa zrIvatsa-cihna hai jo rAjasthAna meM pilAnI ke nikaTa narahada nAmaka sthAna se pAyI gayIM neminAtha aura mani suvratanAtha do tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM ke zrIvatsa 1 bhaTTAcArya, pUrvosta, citra 28. 560

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya cihna ke samAna haiN| laMbe kAna, tIvra bhauMheM evaM nAka, guNDAkAra aMguliyA~, mAnava-prAkRtiyoM kA suMdara pratirUpaNa tathA prAlaMkArika abhikalpanAe~ isa vizAla pratimA meM isa dakSatA se aMkita kI gayI haiM ki yaha sudakSa aMkana hameM rAjasthAna ke pallU nAmaka sthAna se prApta sarasvatI kI una ullekhanIya pratimAnoM kA smaraNa karAtA hai jo naI dillI ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya' tathA bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita 13 isa pratimA kI pRSThabhUmi ke caukhaTe para gaMdharvoM evaM hAthiyoM para savAra prAkRtiyoM ke pratirikta anya aneka mAnava AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM 14 isa pratimA para vikrama saMvat 1224 (san 1968 kA tithi-yukta eka abhilekha bhI aMkita hai / isa saMgrahAlaya meM cAlukyakAlIna tIrthaMkaroM kI do ullekhanIya pratimAe~ bhI surakSita haiM, jinameM se pahalI pratimA meM pArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga - mudrA meM khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha sapaM kI kuNDaliyoM ke sAmane khar3e haiM aura sarpa ke phaNa unake zIrSa ke Upara haiM ( citra 323 ka ) / unakA lAMchana sarpa pAdapITha ke sammukha bhAga para aMkita hai / isa pratimA ko lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI kI cAlukyakAlIna kalA kI kRti mAnA jA sakatA hai| pArzvanAtha kI dUsarI pratimA meM unheM pahale kI bhAMti sata-phaNI nAga chatra ke nIce khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai (citra 323 kha ), inake zIrSa ke samIpa pArzva meM donoM zrora camaradhArI sevaka khar3e haiM tathA nAga-phaNa ke Upara tihare chatra haiM / tIrthaMkara ke pairoM ke samIpa donoM ora yakSa dharaNeMdra evaM yakSI padmAvatI apanI bhujAnoM meM aMkuza evaM pAza Adi dhAraNa kiye hue haiM / yakSa-yakSI ko nAga chatra ke nIce baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| pratimA ke pAdapITha ke sammukha - bhAga para eka abhilekha aMkita hai jisake anusAra jaina saMpradAya ke utpIr3ana-kAla ke uparAMta bArahavIM zatAbdI meM gulabargA sthita pArzvanAtha maMdira ke punaruddhAra ke samaya yaha pratimA maMdira meM sthApita karAne ke lie nirmita karAyI gayI / isa saMgrahAlaya meM aMbikA yakSI kI bhI eka pratimA hai jo pASANa nirmita hai ( citra 324) / yaha pratimA ur3IsA se prApta kI gayI hai / aMbikA ko dohare padma-pAdapITha para vizrAma - mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| usane apanA bAyA~ paira doharA mor3akara tathA dAyA~ paira ArAma se sIdhA phailAkara 1 zarmA (dazaratha) parlI cauhAna DAyanesTIja 1959. dillI. pR 228 ke sAmane kA citra . 2 zarmA ( brajendra nAtha ). 'sama meDIevala skalpacarsa faoNma rAjasthAna ina da nezanala myUz2iyama, rUpalekhA, naI dillI, 35, 1 evaM 2, pR 31, citra 1. 3 zrIvAstava ( vI esa). kaiTelaoNga eNDa gAiDa TU gaMgA golDana jubalI myUjiyama, bIkAnera. 1960-61 13. citra 3. ( uparyukta citra 154 bhI dekheM - saMpAdaka.) 4 bArahavIM zatAbdI ke cAhamAnakAlIna, rAjasthAna se eka vizAla tIrthaMkara pratimA kI pRSThabhUmi ke eka caukhaTe kA citra isa lekha ke lekhaka ne jarnala praoNfa di ghorieMTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA, 19, pR 275-78, tathA citra 'jaina broMjeja ina nezanala myUjiyama, naI dillI' zIrSaka apane lekha ke sAtha prakAzita karAyA thA. yaha pratimA isa samaya prApya nahIM hai. 561

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 alaMkRta pAdapITha para TikA rakhA hai| unake keza dhuMgharAle haiM aura pIche kI ora eka bar3e se jur3e ke rUpa meM vyavasthita haiN| keza-sajjA ratnajaTita zRMkhalAoM se alaMkRta hai| vaha kAnoM meM utkRSTa AbhUSaNa, gale meM cAra lar3avAlA keMdravartI Tikar3e-yukta galahAra dhAraNa kiye hue hai| usakI pAradarzI sAr3I ke Upara kaTi-bhAga meM ati alaMkRta mekhalA Abaddha hai| usakI maMda madu musakAna, pUrNa unnata puSTa stana, kSINa kaTi tathA pIna nitaMba usa nArI-sauMdarya ko mUrtimAna karate haiM jisakI avadhAraNA bhAratIya kalAkAroM aura kaviyoM ne apanI kalAoM meM kI hai| usake donoM zizoM meM eka ko usakI goda meM bAyIM ora tathA dUsare ko usake dAyeM paira ke pAsa darzAyA gayA hai| usake vAhana siMha ko sammukhabhAga meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI eka pratimA meM unheM eka bar3e prabhA-maNDala sahita eka chatra ke nIce dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / unake pArzva meM eka ora eka sevaka aura dUsarI ora eka vidyAdhara aMkita hai / yaha pratimA atyadhika zailIbaddha hai| isa pratimA ko zailIgata rUpa meM bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdI kI uttaravartI pUrvI gaMga-zailI se saMbaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| bajendra nAtha zarmA myUje gome, perisa perisa ke isa saMgrahAlaya meM jaina kalA kI sabase prAraMbhika kalA-kRti mathurA-kSetra ke sapheda dhabbedAra lAla patthara meM utkIrNa eka tIrthakara-pratimA kA zIrSa-bhAga hai| tIrthaMkara ke kezoM ko mastakabhAga ke Upara aMkita eka rekhA dvArA iMgita kiyA gayA hai kintu inameM UrNA-binduoM kA aMkana nahIM hai| kAna aura nAka khaNDita ho cuke haiM tathA hoMTha bhI thor3e-se kSati-grasta haiN| prAyaH gola ceharA aura usake phaile hue gAla saMketa dete haiM ki yaha kuSANakAlIna kalA-kRti hai| ur3IsA se lAyI gayI gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI eka pASANa-nirmita pratimA meM tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ko kAyotsarga-madrA meM khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai jisameM unakI bhujAeM dhar3a ke sAtha saTI huI laMba rUpa meM haiM (citra 325 k)| tIrthaMkara ke sira para eka AkarSaka jaTA-mukuTa hai / keza-guccha usI prakAra zreNI-baddha rUpa meM vyavasthita haiM jisa prakAra laMdana sthita briTiza myUjiyama kI tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI eka pratimA meM darzAye gaye haiN| kezAvaliyA~ kaMdhoM para laharA rahI haiN| kAna kI laTakaneM laMbI haiM, sira ke pIche eka sAdA vRttAkAra prabhA-maNDala hai, usake Upara eka tiharA chatra tathA usa vaTa-vRkSa ke pattoM kA aMkana hai jisake nIce unhoMne kevala-jJAna prApta kiyaa| padmavat pAdapITha ke nIce eka choTA-sA vaSabha aMkita hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga meM eka kinAre para isa pratimA kA dAna-dAtA daMpati aura dasare kinAre para naivedya aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM eka ora camaradhArI sevaka bhaktiparaka madrA meM khaDA hA hai tathA tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora ATha nakSatra. jisameM ketu nahIM hai, apane vizeSa upAdAnoM 1 zAha (umAkAMta premAnaMda) pUrvokta, citra 35. 562

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya sahita sAmAnya rUpa se aMkita haiN| RSabhanAtha kI isa pratimA ke lie bArahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| tIrthaMkara kI yaha AkRti kaThora dikhatI hai aura usameM komalatA kA abhAva hai| kucha jaina pratimAoM se aMkita eka saradala bhI isa saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai jisake uparI keMdravartI phalaka meM eka devakulikA meM tIrthaMkara ko padmAsana-jaisI mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthakara ke hAtha goda meM rakhe hue haiN| mukhya pratimA ke pArzva meM donoM ora kAyotsarga-mudrA meM do tIrthaMkara khar3e haiN| unake nIce dhyAna-mudrA meM eka paMkti meM sAta tIrthakara baiThe hue haiN| sAta tIrthaMkaroM ke isa samUha ke pArzva kI devakulikAoM meM do anya tIthaMkara usI mudrA meM aMkita hai jisameM upayukta tIrthaMkara haiN| saradala ke eka kinAre para hAtha meM talavAra liye, makara se lar3ate hue eka yoddhA ko darzAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kA abhiprAya isa kSetra kI madhyottarakAlIna pratimAoM meM sAmAnyataH pAyA jAtA haiN| prAkRtiyA~ anagar3ha aura zailIbaddha haiM jo hameM madhya kAla ke daurAna pazcima-bhArata meM nirmita aisI hI anagar3ha aura zailIbaddha jaina kAMsya-pratimAoM kA smaraNa karAtI haiN| baluA patthara meM utkIrNa rAjasthAna-kSetra kI isa pratimA kA racanA-kAla lagabhaga terahavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa saMgrahAlaya meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI eka pratimA hai jisameM unheM siMhAsana para dhyAna-madrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai (citra 325 kh)| yaha pratimA dakSiNApatha kI jaina kalA ke adhyayana ke lie eka mahattvapUrNa kalA-kRti hai| tIrthaMkara eka tihare chatra ke nIce baiThe haiM, unake sAdA prabhA-maNDala ke pArzva meM eka camaradhArI sevaka aMkita hai / unakA lAMchana siMha sammukha-bhAga meM pradarzita hai| unakI dAyIM ora kuNDalita sarpa ke samakSa kAyotsarga-mudrA meM pArzvanAtha khar3e haiN| sarpa kA phaNa-chatra unake sira ke Upara phailA hayA hai| isa pratimA kI eka ullekhanIya rocakatA yaha hai ki mahAvIra kI bAyIM ora bAhubalI kI pratimA hai / isa prakAra ke eka samUha meM isa tapasvI kA aMkana durlabha hai| yaha yadA-kadA hI milatA hai| bAhubalI eka rAjakumAra the jo bAda meM tapasvI ho gye| inakI pratimA meM unake zarIra ko latAoM dvArA cAroM ora se Aligita darzAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha ke pArzva se nikalate hue padamapuSpoM para mahAvIra ke yakSa aura yakSI baiThe hue haiN| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para dharmacakra tathA pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM binduoM dvArA navagrahoM ko darzAyA gayA hai| pRSTha-bhAga ke caukhaTe ke keMdra meM nagAr3A bajAte hue hAthoM kA tathA hAtha meM mAlA liye hue eka vidyAdhara kA aMkana hai| isake Upara keMdravartI 1 tivArI (ema ena pI). 'e noTa oNna da bAhubalI imeja phraoNma naoNrtha iMDiyA' IsTa eNDa vesTa, 23, 3-4, 347-53. 563

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyAM [bhAga 10 bhAga meM eka kIrti-mukha hai| yaha pratimA nauvIM-dasavIM zatAbdI kI cAlukyakAlIna kRti nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai| brajendra nAtha zarmA myUjiyama phUra iNDize kunsta, balina-dAlema balina-dAlema sthita myUjiyama phUra iMDize kunsta kI ullekhanIya nimnalikhita jaina pratimAnoM kI jAnakArI hameM bona vizvavidyAlaya ke semInAra oNforiNTala ArTa-hisTrI vibhAga ke DaoN0 klaoNuz2a phizara ne pradAna kI hai| unhoMne hameM una pratimAoM ke phoTogrApha bhI bheje haiM jinameM se do pratimAoM ke phoTogrApha yahA~ prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiN| DaoN. phizara ne hameM likhA hai ki ye phoTogrApha myUjiyama ke DAyarekTara pro0 eca0 harTala ne unheM diye haiM tathA pratimAoM kA vivaraNa sahAyaka nidezaka DaoN0 vI0 mauelara ne| (1) lAla patthara kA tIrthaMkara kA zIrSa-bhAga / mathurA-kSetra / prAraMbhika kuSANakAla / eka alaMkRta vRkSa ke nIce kAyotsarga-mudrA meM tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya-pratimA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta / yaha pratimA kahA~ pAyI gayI isakA ullekha yahA~ upalabdha nahIM hai (citra 326 ka) / (3) kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara aura unakI cAroM ora padmAsanastha tIrthaMkara, pAdapITha para abhilekha yUkta kAMsya-pratimA / dakSiNa bhArata / madhyakAlIna (citra 326 kh)| (4) kAyotsarga mahAvIra kI pASANa-nirmita pratimA, upAsakoM evaM sevakoM kI prAkRtiyA~ nIce tathA pATha graha UparI bhAga meM aMkita haiM / dakSiNa bhArata / madhyakAlIna / 5) kAyotsarga RSabhanAtha kI pASANa-nirmita pratimA, nicale bhAga para sevaka-prAkRtiyA~ tathA tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM tIna-tIna kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaroM ke cAra samUha utkIrNa haiN| palmA, jilA maanbhuum| madhyakAlIna / saMpAdaka 1 [myUje gIme saMbaMdhI yaha lekha myUje gome ke kyUreTara medemoisela ema. deneka tathA nezanala risarca seMTara, perisa kI bhUtapUrva kAryakarvI maiDama prodete viyenauta dvArA bhAratIya jJAnapITha aura saMpAdaka ko dI gayI sUcanA para mAdhArita hai. maiDama prodete viyenautta ne isa saMgrahAlaya kI jaina pratimAoM ke phoTogrApha bheje haiM jinake lie jJAnapITha unakA AbhArI hai-saMpAdaka.] 2 palmA pratimA ke lie citra 158 (kha) dekheM. 564

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (dakSiNApatha) (kha) vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUjiyama : tIrthakara pArzvanAtha (gulabargA) citra 323

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ vikToriyA eNDa albarTa myUz2iyama yakSI aMbikA (ur3IsA) citra 324 [ bhAga 10

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) myUje gIme : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (ur3IsA) (kha) myUje gIme : tIrthakara mahAvIra (dakSiNApatha) citra 325

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 (kha) myUjiyama phara iMdize kunsta, balina dAlema : tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya-mUrti (dakSiNa bhArata) (ka) myUjiyama phUra i dize kunsta, balina-dAlema : tIrthakara kI kAMsya-mUrti citra 326 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 37 ] (ka) nijI saMgraha, nyUyArka tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya mUrti (madhya bhArata ) (kha) nijI saMgraha, nyUyArka tIrthakara saMbhavanAtha (?) (karnATaka) citra 327 videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) laoNsa aiMjalsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa pArTa (nasalI eNDa elisa hIrAmAneka kalekzana) tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya-mUrti (dakSiNa bhArata) (kha) uparokta : buddha kI kAMsya-mUrti (nepAla) citra 328

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya (kha) laoNsa aiMjalsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNpha ArTa (zrI aura zrImatI je.je klejamaina dvArA upahRta) kAsya-nirmita tri-tIthikara (gujarAta) (ka) eTkimsa myUjiyama (nelsana phaMDa, nelsana gelarI) : tIrthaMkara-mUrti (dakSiNa bhArata) citra 329

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ citra 329 ka ke anusAra : prazika citra 330 dRzya [ bhAga 10

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya siyATla pArTa myUjiyama (e jaina phalara memoriyala kalekzana) : yakSa dharaNeMdra (dakSiNApatha) citra 331 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyAM pAsa eka vAlTara kalekzana nyUyArka kAsya-nimita vintIkira (dakSiNApatha) : citra 332 [ bhAga 10

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya laoNsa aiMjalsa kAuNTI myUjiyama (pAla I0 mainahIma dvArA upahRta) : vimalanAtha-sahita paMca-tIthikA (pazcima bhArata) citra 333

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 Dashaining / on laoNsa eMjalsa kAuNTI myUjiyama oNfa ArTa (pAla I0 mainahIma dvArA upahRta): zAMtinAtha sahita caturviMzati-paTTa (pazcima bhArata) citra 334

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM meM saMgrahAlaya amarIko saMgrahAlayoM meM kucha jaina kAMsya-pratimAeM amarIkI saMgrahAlayoM meM aneka jaina kAMsya-pratimAeM haiM jinapara yadi pUrNa rUpa se vicAra kiyA jAye to ina pratimAoM meM kula milAkara utanI adhika vividhatA nahIM pAyI jAtI jitanI bhAratIya saMgrahAlayoM kI pratimAoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| phira bhI yahA~ aisI aneka pratimAeM haiM jo jaina kalA ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se rocaka haiM tathA kucha aisI bhI pratimAe~ haiM jo vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / hama yahA~ isa prakAra kI hI pratimAoM kI carcA kreNge| __ amarIkA ke eka saMgrahAlaya meM jo sabase prAraMbhika jJAtavya kAMsya-pratimA hai vaha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI hai (citra 327 ka) / pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA pramANita to kI jA sakatI hai, phira bhI isa pratimA meM unake kalAtmaka aMkanoM ko unakA vyakti-citraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa pratimA meM unheM eka bahuphaNI nAga-chatra ke nIce khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai jo unake eka AdarzAtmaka citrAMkana kA prastutIkaraNa hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki aba amarIkA meM sthita yaha pratimA chaThI zatAbdI kI ho, lekina yaha pratimA ke usa prakAra ko zraMkhalAbaddha karatI hai jo bahuta pahale eka rUDhibaddha rUpa grahaNa kara gayI hogii| baMbaI ke priMsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama meM bhI pArzvanAtha kI eka kAMsya-pratimA hai jisake viSaya meM yaha dAvA kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha pratimA IsA-parva tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| isa pratimA ke lie itanI prAraMbhika tithi ko cAhe hama svIkAra kareM yA na kareM paraMtu yaha nizcita hai ki amarIkI saMgrahAlaya kI jisa pratimA kI carcA hama kara rahe haiM usake lie isa pratimA ne Adi rUpa kA kArya kiyA hogA / isameM eka Azcaryajanaka durAgraha yaha hai ki isa prAkRti kA jo mUlabhUta prakAra hai vaha Age kI kaI zatAbdiyoM taka tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke aMkana ke lie niraMtara prayukta hotA rahA hai (citra 327 kh)| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki bhAratIya sauMdarya-zAstrIya paraMparAoM meM jaina paraMparA sarvAdhika purAtanavAdI rahI hai| Aja amarIkI saMgrahAlayoM meM jitanI bhI jaina kAMsya-pratimAeM surakSita haiM saMbhavataH una sabameM sabase adhika suMdara pratimA laoNsa eMjilsa kAuNTrI myUjiyama oNpha ArTa meM hai (citra 328 ka) / isa pratimA kA racanA-kAla to hameM nizcita rUpa se jJAta hai lekina yaha kisa kSetra se saMbaMdhita rahI hai yaha hameM jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| hIrAmAnika kaiTelaoNga ne sujhAyA hai ki yaha pratimA zAyada nauMvI zatAbdI kI hai aura isakI racanA saMbhavataH maisUra meM huI hogii| isa pratimA meM kucha aisI vizeSatAeM haiM jinakA saMbaMdha prAraMbhika cola kAMsya-pratimAoM se hai| ataH ina pratimAparaka samAnatAoM ke AdhAra para pratIta hotA hai ki yaha pratimA dakSiNa-bhArata kSetra se saMbaddha hai| isapara yadi aura adhika 1 zAha (umAkAMta premAnaMda). sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa. citra, 1, rekhAcitra 3, 18.9. [dekhie adhyAya 8 tathA adhyAya 3:--saMpAdaka.] 2 dipArTasa praoNfa iNDiyA eNDa nepAla : da nAslI eNDa elisa hIrAmAneka kalekzana. 1966 vosTana. 1 92-93. 565

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- saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 gahArAI se vicAra kiyA jAye to yaha pratimA pudukkoTTAI-kSetra se saMbaddha pratIta hotI hai kyoMki isakI zailIgata samAnatAeM sittanavAsala kI una baiThI huI tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM jo eka pahAr3I caTTAna meM utkIrNa haiN|| ___isa dakSiNa-bhAratIya kAMsya-pratimA meM jo kucha darzAyA gayA hai usameM kucha asAmAnyatA nahIM hai kyoMki yaha pratimA eka aisI avadhAraNA ko eka prakAra kA rUpa pradAna karatI hai jo svayaM bhAratIya sabhyatA jitanI prAcIna hai| isa pratimA ko eka yogI kA aisA rUpAkAra mAnA jA sakatA hai jisakI avadhAraNA mUrtikAra ne anubhUti ke dharAtala para kI hai aura use sarvotkRSTa draSTavya rUpa meM prastuta kara diyA hai jisameM yogI ke bhautika zarIra kA aMkana to hai hI, sAtha hI usameM AdhyAtmika sAra-tattvoM kA bhI bhalI-bhAMti samAveza hai| jaisI ki saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai yaha digaMbara jaina saMpradAya kI pratimA hai jisameM yogI ko paryakAsana-mudrA meM dhyAnAvasthita evaM digaMbara darzAyA gayA hai| isa yogI kA svarUpa ThIka vaisA hI hai jaisA ki bhagavadgItA hameM batalAtI hai: 'jo usa sAMsarika baMdhanarahita AnaMda (AhlAda) ko jAnatA hai jo iMdriyAtIta hai aura jo mAtra prajJA dvArA hI jAnA jAtA hai tathA jo satya se vicalita nahIM hotA vaha yogI eka aise dIpa ke samAna hotA hai jo vAyu-zUnya sthAna para rakhA ho aura jisakI lau akaMpAyamAna ho|' yogI aisA hI hotA hai| ___ yogI kI isI prakAra kI rUDhibaddha AkRti ko bauddhoM aura jainoM ne apanI kalA-kRtiyoM meM buddha athavA tIrthaMkaroM ke aMkana ke lie apanAyA hai| isa tathya kA bahuta hI spaSTa sAkSya hama laoNsa eMjilsa kI tIrthaMkara-pratimA (citra 328 ka) kI dhyAnAvasthita buddha kI pratimA (citra 328 kha) se tulanA karane para dekha sakate haiN| donoM hI lagabhaga eka-jaisI mudrA meM baiThe hue haiM aura donoM kI prAkRtiyoM se eka siddhi-prApta yogIjanya Atmika zAMti kA prasAra ho rahA hai| ina donoM pratimAoM ke zarIrakAra mUrtikAra dvArA mAnasika dharAtala para avadhArita AdarzAtmaka saMracita rUpAkAra para AdhArita haiN| lekina jahA~ baddha kA yogI-rUpa aiMdriyika AkarSaNa se samanvita hai vahA~ tIrthakara bhAvAbhivyaMjanA meM apArthiva haiN| buddha aura tIrthaMkara kI ina pratimAnoM meM jo atara hai vaha aMtara vastuta: ina donoM dharmoM kI saiddhAMtika mAnyatAoM kA aMtara hai| bauddha mata buddha ko mAnavIya rUpa meM aMkita kiye jAne kI pravRtti ko protsAhana nahIM detaa| kisI prakAra se eka bAra pravRtti mAnya ho gayI taba se unheM mAnavIya rUpa meM citrita karanA sahaja ho gayA hai| lekina bauddha dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke lie buddha eka guru ke rUpa meM hI rahe haiM jinheM unake anuyAyiyoM dvArA saralatA se pAyA jA sakatA thA, tathA kisI bhI vyakti dvArA unake sAtha sIdhA aura vyaktigata saMparka-saMbaMdha banAyA jA sakatA thaa| unakI pratimA ko unake trikAya kI avadhAraNA ke kAraNA unakI upasthiti kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| 1 lalita kalA, 9, 1961, citra 20, rekhAcitra 22. 2 trikAya siddhAMta ke anusAra yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki buddha ke tIna kAya hai-dharma-kAya, saMbhoga-kAya tathA nirmANa kAya. kalA meM unake nirmANa-kAya kA hI rUpAMkana hotA hai. 566

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videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya zradhyAya 37 ] lekina jahA~ taka tIrthaMkaroM kA prazna hai ve mAnava-rUpAkAroM se kahIM bahuta pare haiM / / jaisA ki afra z2immara ne kahA hai, 'jaina tIrthaMkara sRSTi ke vitAna arthAt agrabhAga meM nivAsa karate haiM / vaha sthAna prArthanAoM kI pahu~ca se pare hai, ataH yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki itane ucca tathA jyotirmaya dedIyamAna sthala se utarakara unakI sahAyatA mAnava ke sakAma prayAsoM taka jA sake / bhavasAgara para setu banAne vAle arthAt tIrthaMkara sAMsArika ghaTanAoM tathA jIvana kI samasyAoM se pare haiM / ve lokagIta nitya, sarvajJa, acala tathA anaMta zAMti meM nimagna haiM / " isa prakAra jaina tIrthaMkaroM kA atyaMta sAdA aura sarala aMkana isa AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi ke viparIta hai | tIrthaMkara kI pratimAe~ cAhe padmAsana mudrA meM aMkita hoM athavA kAyotsarga - mudrA meM, ve aiMdriyika prAkarSaNa se pare gaNitIya yathArthatA meM buddhisaMgata aMkana se nirmita haiM / unakI deha anivArya rUpa se prati mAnavIya hai jisameM unake vizAla skaMdha vRSabha kI bhA~ti caur3e haiM, dhar3a-bhAga siMha ke samAna, jisameM unakA vakSa vizeSa rUpa se caur3A hai / ye vizeSatAeM unakI vipula prAMtarika zakti kA dyotana karatI haiM / kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e tIrthaMkara kI pratimA unakI acala dRr3hatA aura akSaya zakti kA yathArthataH mUrtamaMta svarUpa hai, jo laMbe aura garimAmaya zAla vRkSa ( zAla - prAMzu ) se bhinna nahIM hotI / 'sAMsarika baMdhanoM se mukta tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ na to saprANa hotI haiM aura na niSprANa, apitu ve eka alaukika evaM kAlAtIta zAMti se vyApta hotI haiM / 12 jaisA ki laoNsa eMjilsa kI tIrthaMkara - pratimA ( citra 328 ka ) meM draSTavya hai, tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ pRthak rUpa se dekhe jAne para ve niHsaMdeha apane dRzyamAna rUpa tathA adhyAtmaparaka rUpa meM pratyaMta gatimAn dikhAI par3atI haiM / laoNsa eMjilsa kI isa tIrthaMkara pratimA se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI eka anya kAMsyapratimA (citra 326 ka ) kaiMsAsa nagara sthita nelsana gailarI meM surakSita hai / mukhAkRti aura AkAra saMbaMdhI vizeSatAoM meM aMtaroM ke atirikta ye donoM pratimAe~ prAyaH eka samAna haiM aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina donoM ko eka hI sA~ce meM DhAlA gayA ho| kaiMsAsa siTI kI pratimA ke netroM kA AkAra asAmAnya hai, nAsikA kA agrabhAga kiMcit kSati grasta hai / yaha kahanA anupayukta na hogA ki ye donoM kAMsya-pratimAe~ nizcita rUpa se samasAmayika haiM aura yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ye donoM eka hI kalA - keMdra se nirmita huI hoM / jahA~ eka ora laoNsa eMjilsa aura kaiMsAsa siTI kI tIrthaMkara pratimAeM jaina paraMparA kI yogaparaka saralatA aura garimAmaya sauMdarya ko parilakSita karatI haiM vahA~ bhar3auMca se prApta san 188 kI nirmita eka alaMkRta maMdirAkRti ( citra 326 kha 330 ) isake dAna-dAtA vyApArI jaina dharmAnuyAyI kI samRddhi aura vaibhavaparaka abhiruci ko pradarzita karatI hai / isa devakulikA kI keMdravartI pratimA tIrthaMkara 1 jimmara (eca) filosaufI praoNfa iMDiyA. 1953. nyUyaoNrka. pu 181-82. 2 vahI, pRSTha 211. 567

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 pArzvanAtha kI hai jisameM nAga-chatra ke aMkana ke atirikta pUrva varNita dakSiNa-bhArata kI tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM se koI dRSTigocara mUrtiparaka aMtara nahIM hai| tIrthaMkara kamalAkAra pAdapITha para dhyAnAvasthA meM nimagna baiThe haiN| pAdapITha ke kamalAkAra Asana kA kamala-dala samAna rUpa se saMlagna hai| tIrthaMkara ke Asa-pAsa anya pratimAeM haiN| unake pArzva meM do tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiN| isa prakAra yaha pratimA eka tri-tIthikA hai| donoM tIrthaMkara alaMkRta agni-jvAla ke prakAza-maNDala ke aMkana-yukta caukhaTe se Abaddha haiM tathA donoM tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-madrA meM pathaka-pathaka padama-pAdapIThoM para sthita haiN| ina donoM meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM do ora AkarSaka tribhaMga-mudrA meM aMkita devI pratimAeM haiM jo apane atyaMta kamanIya zarIra aura tajjanya aiMdriyika sauMdarya ko pradarzita kara rahI haiN| adhika saMbhAvanA yaha hai ki ye pratimAeM padmAvatI aura sarasvatI kI haiN| eka pA~cavI nArI-prAkRti meM eka devI ko zizu sahita baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| yaha devI yakSI aMbikA hai jo jainoM kI sarvAdhika lokapriya devI hai / inake atirikta nAga-chatra ke donoM ora do ur3ate hue vidyAdharoM kI AkRtiyA~ haiM jo tIrthaMkara ke lie mAlA lekara unakI ora A rahe haiN| siMhAsana ke pAdapITha para do siMha tathA do hariNoM sahita eka cakra aMkita hai| yaha cakra dharma kA pratIka hai jo bauddhoM meM bhI lokapriya rahA hai| isase bhI adhika ullekhanIya, pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para eka paMkti meM nau mAnava-zIrSoM kA aMkana hai jo siddhacakra ke nava-devatAoM kA pratIkAMkana hai| siddhacakra jainoM kA eka lokapriya pratIka rahA hai jo jaina dharma para par3e tAMtrika prabhAva ko sUcita karatA hai| siddhacakra ke saMpradAyagata vidhAna ko jaina dharma kA uttaravartI vikAsa mAnA jAtA hai| yadi vastutaH ye zIrSa siddhacakra yA navadevatA ke pratIka haiM to isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki dasavIM zatAbdI jaise prAraMbhika samaya meM jaina dharma meM yaha saMpradAyagata vidhAna nyUnAdhika pracalana meM A cukA thaa| yaha atyaMta camakadAra mulamme se yukta kAMsya-pratimA banAvaTa kI sughaDatA aura sUkSmAMkana donoM hI dRSTiyoM se ullekhanIya hai| isa pratimA meM mUrtikAra ne jisa saphalatA ke sAtha prAkAra-mUlaka prAkRtiyoM evaM AlaMkArika tattvoM kA paraspara tAlabaddha susaMtulita samAyojana kiyA hai vaha adbhuta hai| pratyeka pratimA pRSTha-bhUmi se asaMpRkta hai isalie usakA sugaThita rUpAkAra apanI hI mahattA rakhatA hai / alaMkaraNa tathA urekhana-kArya unakI banAvaTa kI vibhinnatA aura saMpannatA pradarzita karatA hai, paraMtu isake uparAMta bhI alaMkaraNa kI yaha takanIka pratimA ke Upara atizaya rUpa se abhibhUta nahIM dikhAI detii| tIrthaMkaroM kI sAdA evaM saralIkRta prAkRtiyA~ apane alaMkRta pariveza ke sAtha eka ullekhanIya virodhAbhAsa pradarzita karatI haiM / vastuta: yaha vaibhavapUrNa saMyojana tIrthaMkaroM ke usa virakti-bhAva ko suspaSTa rUpa se darzAte haiM jo svarNa dIpti se maNDita to haiM kintu usakI camaka se vaMcita haiN| siyATala ArTa myUjiyama meM eka suripacita pratimA (citra 331) hai jo pUrva-varNita pratimAoM se kucha prAraMbhika kAla kI hai| yaha pratimA yadyapi laoNsa eMjilsa kI pArzvanAtha pratimA kI bhAMti 1 zAha, pUrvokta, 1.97-103. 568

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adhyAya 37 ] videzoM ke saMgrahAlaya vaibhavapUrNa to nahIM hai tathApi, apane atirikta guNa ke kAraNa vaha anya pratimAoM se adhika prasiddha hai| isa pratimA meM eka puruSAkRti ko sataha-yukta pAdapITha para rakhe kamala para sattva-paryaMkAsana-mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| puruSa kI pratimA saMpanna rUpa se ratna-jaTita hai| isakI dAyIM bhujA to khaNDita ho cukI hai paraMtu bAyeM hAtha meM eka bIja-pUraka hai| eka bahu-phaNI chatra, jaisA pArzvanAtha kI pratimA meM pradarzita hai, usake zIrSa-bhAga ke pIche prabhA-maNDala kI racanA kara rahA hai| yaha pratimA eka caukhaTe se Abaddha hai| caukhaTe meM donoM ora do staMbha haiM aura UparI bhAga zIrSa-staMbhoM se prAbaddha hai| ina zIrSoM se eka alaMkRta toraNa kI racanA huI hai, jisake UparI sire para eka ullekhanIya kIrti-mukha hai| kucha varSa pUrva Dagalasa baireTa ne eka bahuta hI saMbhAvya sujhAva diyA thA ki yaha pratimA pArzvanAtha ke sevaka yakSa dharaNeMdra kI ho sakatI hai| jaina deva-zAstra ke prasAra kI prakriyA prAyaH vahI rahI hai jo hiMduoM aura baiddhoM meM hai| pratyeka mukhya devatA yA pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke sAtha eka sevikA-yakSI aura kama se kama eka sevaka-yakSa kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| laoNsa eMjilsa kI pArzvanAtha-pratimA (citra 326 kha) meM hama tIrthaMkara kI do sevaka-yakSiyoM ko aMkita dekha cuke haiN| siyATala ArTa myUjiyama kI isa kAMsya-pratimA meM nAga-phaNa-chatra ke aMkita hone se nizcita hI isa pratimA kA saMbaMdha pArzvanAtha se honA cAhie kyoMki nAga-phaNa-chatra pArzvanAtha kA eka vizeSa cihna hai| phira yaha bhI hameM bhalIbhA~ti jJAta hai ki jaina yakSoM ko isI bhA~ti hAtha meM bIja-pUraka liye hue aMkita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| jisase spaSTa hai ki yaha pratimA pArzvanAtha aura unake yakSa kI hai| isa pratimA ke racanA-kSetra ke bAre meM, jaisA ki baireTa ne sujhAyA hai, dakSiNApatha hI adhika saMbhAvya pratIta hotA hai| lekina akoTA-kSetra kI saMbhAvanA ko bhI ekadama asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki isa pratimA kI mukhAkRti akoTA ke jIvaMtasvAmI kI pratimA kI mukhAkRti se bhinna nahIM hai| phira ina donoM AkRtiyoM ke mukuTa bhI nizcita rUpa se eka hI prakAra ke haiN| yaha bAta alaga hai ki jIvaMtasvAmI kI pratimA kahIM adhika vizada rUpa se alaMkRta hai / isa pratimA kA racanAkSetra koI bhI rahA ho kintu yaha nizcita hai ki yaha jaina sevaka-yakSa kI eka durlabha pratimA hai / laoNsa eMjilsa myUjiyama sthita pArzvanAtha-pratimA kI tri-tIthikA (citra 326 kha) jaisI eka anya pratimA (citra 332) pAla vAlTara saMgraha meM hai| isameM tInoM tIrthaMkaroM ko sAtha-sAtha khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai| tInoM tIrthaMkaroM ke vakSa para paccIkArI se nirmita zrIvatsa-cihna haiM aura ye pUrNarUpeNa digaMbara haiN| pratimAoM ke staMbhoM jaise rUpAkAroM aura mudrAoM kI kaThoratA se 1 baireTa (Dagalasa). 'e grupa praoNpha broMjeja phraoNma da Dakkana', lalita kalA, 3-4, 1956-57. pR 44-45. 2 zAha, pUrvokta, citra 15, rekhAcitra 40, citra 17, rekhAcitra 47. 3 veniza (sTelA). vi pArTa praoNna iMDiyA. 1965. laMdana. citra 56. [prathama bhAga meM citra 68 kha dekheM-saMpAdaka.] 569

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 siMhAsana ke pRSTha-bhAga para utkIrNa pazu-prAkRtiyoM kA AkarSaka-mohaka aMkana tathA sevakoM kI sajIva prAkRtiyA~ kiMcit chuTakArA dilA detI haiN| pratimA ke pIche kI ora aMkita tithi-yukta abhilekha ke anusAra yaha pratimA san 1020 kI nirmita hai| laoNsa eMjilsa ke saMgraha meM do aura kAMsya-pratimAe~ haiM jo vizuddha mUrtiparaka pravRtti ke AdhAra para aMkita haiM / eka pratimA meM pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM ke eka samUha kA aMkana hai (citra 333) / aisI pratimA ko paMca-tIthikA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| dUsarI pratimA meM samasta caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kA aMkana hai (citra334) / ye samasta tIrthakara-pratimAe~ nitAMta jyAmitIya rUparekhA meM saMyojita haiN| isa paMca-tIthikA kA racanAkAla san 1430 hai jisameM keMdravartI pratimA tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kI hai jabaki caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI pratimA meM keMdravartI pratimA zAMtinAtha kI hai| isase yaha spaSTa pramANita hai ki pUrvokta tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke samAna AdarzAtmaka rUpaparaka rUr3higata prAkRtiyoM kA upayoga mAtra vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ko aMkita karane ke lie hI nahIM hotA rahA apitu inake upayoga kI paraMparA lagabhaga do hajAra sAla taka pracalita rhii| uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para hama sAmAnyataH yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki jahA~ jaina sauMdarya-paraMparA meM sadaiva mUlabhUta rUpa se amUrtana ke prati abhiruci rahI hai vahA~ bArahavIM zatAbdI kI uttaravartI nirmita jaina pratimAoM meM jyAmitIya rUpAkAroM ke prati pUrvAnurAga rahA hai / ina kAMsyapratimAnoM ke saMyojana meM kula milAkara vibhinna raikhika vyavasthAe~ haiM jinakI samarUpI vizeSatAoM para nitAMta bala diyA gayA hai| ina pratimAoM meM prAraMbhika pratimAoM ke mad guNa uttaravartI pratimAoM meM parilakSita nahIM haiM balki unameM koNIya aMkana ke prati bar3hatI huI pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI hai| aMta meM ina pratimAoM kI jina vizeSatAoM ne hameM prabhAvita kiyA hai ve inakI pArasparika samAnatAeM nahIM haiM balki unakI paraspara asamAnatAe~ haiM jo Apasa meM eka dUsare se vaibhinya darzAtI haiM / yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai ki kucha mUlabhUta sUtroM kA dRr3hatApUrvaka paripAlana tathA mUrtikalA aura zailI ina donoM kI sImAoM meM Abaddha rahakara kArya karane ke uparAMta yaha pratyeka pratimA mUrtikAra kI vyaktigata racanA bana sakI hai| pratApAditya pAla 1 yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki isa pratimA ke pRSTha-bhAga para aMkita mabhilekha meM ise eka caturviMzati-paTTa batAyA gayA hai. 570

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adhyAya 38 bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya pASANa-pratimAe~ rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se upalabdha jaina pratimAoM kA eka samRddha saMgraha hai| ina pratimAnoM meM kuSANakAlIna AyAga-paTa ko chor3akara zeSa samasta pratimAeM madhyakAlIna haiN| uttara pradeza AyAga-paTa (je0 2461 U~cAI 63 seMTImITara); isa AyAga-paTa meM jaina mUrtikalA kI prAraMbhika avasthA kA aMkana hai jisameM cAra saMyukta tilaka-ratnoM kI keMdravartI devakulikA meM dhyAnamudrA meM eka tIrthakara kA aMkana hai, tIrthaMkara ke zIrSa ke Upara eka cakra aMkita hai aura u phalaka meM eka matsya-yugma, deva-vimAna, zrIvatsa-cihna tathA eka cUrNa-maMjUSA hai| nIce kI ora ke phalaka meM eka tilaka-ratna, eka pUrNa vikasita padma-puSpa, vaijayaMtI tathA eka maMgala-kalaza darzAyA gayA hai| yaha upAsanA-paTa cAroM ora se staMbhoM dvArA parivRta hai aura Upara gajazIrSa tathA dharma-cakra se maNDita hai| paTa para eka abhilekha bhI utkIrNa hai jo kaniSka se pUrva kA hai| pArzvanAtha (56.202; U~cAI 1 mITara) isa pratimA meM pArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| unake pIche eka kuNDalI-baddha nAga khar3A hai jo apane sapta-phaNa chatra se pArzvanAtha ke zIrSa para chAyA kara rahA hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora upAsanA-mudrA meM nAgiyAM khar3I haiN| tIrthaMkara ke vakSasthala para zrIvatsa-cihna aMkita hai| yaha pratimA bArahavIM zatAbdI kI gAhar3avAlakAlIna kalAkRti hai (citra 336 ka) / rAjasthAna pArzvanAtha (62.434; U~cAI 30 seM0 mI0) isa pratimA meM sAta phaNa vAle nAga-chatra ke nIce pArzvanAtha ko siMhAsana para rakhe gaddInumA Asana para baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| unake zIrSa ke Upara donoM ora divya vAdya-vAdakoM tathA kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaroM ko darzAyA gayA hai, pArzvanAtha kI eka aora 1 yaha aura isI prakAra kI Age Ane vAlI saMkhyA saMgrahAlaya kI kramAMka-saMkhyA kI sUcaka hai. 571

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyAM [ bhAga 10 hAtha meM nAga ko dhAraNa kiye hae yakSa dharaNeMdra tathA apane dAyeM hAtha meM pAmra-guccha dhAraNa kiye hue yakSI padmAvatI kA aMkana hai| pIle balumA patthara se nirmita yaha pratimA pratIhArakAlIna hai (citra 335) / neminAtha (69.132; U~cAI 1.18 mITara) : kucha varSa pUrva rAjasthAna meM pilAnI ke nikaTa narahada meM munisuvrata tathA neminAtha kI do pratimAe~ khudAI meM prApta huI thIM jinameM se manAtha kI pratimA ko rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya ne prApta kara liyaa| isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-- mudrA meM khar3e haiM tathA unake donoM ora camaradhArI-sevakoM ko khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai / tIrthaMkara ke vakSa para cAra kamaladala vAlA zrIvatsa-cihna aMkita hai| tIrthaMkara eka pAradarzI dhotI pahane haiN| unakA lAMchana zaMkha pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para aMkita hai| yaha pratimA usa kasauTI patthara kI banI hai jisapara kasakara sone kI zuddhatA kI parakha kI jAtI hai| yaha bArahavIM zatAbdI kI cAhamAna-zailI kI eka pratyuttama kRti hai (citra 336 kh)| sarasvatI (1/6-278; UMcAI 1.48 mITara) : bIkAnera ke aMtargata pallU nAmaka sthAna se prApta zveta saMgamaramara nirmita isa sarasvatI-pratimA meM devI eka pUrNa vikasita padma-puSpa para AkarSaka tri-bhaMga mudrA meM khar3I huI darzAyI gayI hai| vaha apanI vibhinna bhujAoM meM akSamAlA, zveta kamala, tADapatrIya pANDulipi jo rezamI DorI se baMdhI huI hai tathA jala-kalaza dhAraNa kiye hue hai| vaha eka ati-alaMkRta zirobhUSaNa, tathA anya mAbhUSaNa, aura pAradarzI sAr3I dhAraNa kiye hai| sAr3I kaTi-bhAga para eka atyaMta alaMkRta mekhalA se prAbaddha hai / motiyoM se guMthI laTakana tathA phUMdane AkarSaka rUpa se usakI jaMghAoM para laTaka rahe haiN| devI ke pArzva meM donoM ora vINA-vAdaka sevikAeM khar3I haiN| devI ke sira ke pIche kamalAkAra bhAmaNDala ke samIpa tIrthaMkara kI eka laghu pratimA aMkita hai| isa pratimA ke dAnadAtA aura usakI patnI ko pAdapITha ke kramazaH bAyeM tathA dAyeM sire para aMkita dikhAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga meM devI kA vAhana haMsa hai| yaha pratimA bArahavIM zatAbdI kI cAhamAnakalA kI eka utkRSTa kRti hai (citra 337) / madhya-pradeza neminAtha (73.23; UMcAI 66.5 seMmI.) : yaha pratimA eka AyatAkAra pAdapITha para kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI hai| unake bAla choTe-choTe challoM meM prasAdhita haiM tathA unake vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna aMkita hai| unakA lAMchana zaMkha pAdapITha para utkIrNa hai| yaha pratimA khujarAho kI pratimAoM ke anurUpa hai| yadyapi isameM sAmAnya suruci-saMpannatA kA abhAva hai tathApi zailIgata AdhAra para ise caMdela-zailI kI kRti mAnA jA sakatA hai| gujarAta tIrthakara (50.277; UMcAI 54.4 seM. mI0) : mehasAnA jile ke lADola nAmaka sthAna se prApta saMgamaramara kI isa pracihnita tIrthaMkara-pratimA meM unheM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM darzAyA 572

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya gayA hai / tIrthaMkara ko dhotI pahane aMkita kiyA gayA hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha pratimA zvetAMbara jainoM ke lie upAsanA hetu nirmita kI gayI thii| tIrthaMkara kI dAyIM ora eka camaradhArI sevaka tathA UparI bhAga meM makara-zArdula aMkita hai| yaha pratimA cAlukyakAlIna bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| pUrva-bhArata RSabhanAtha (60.1476; UMcAI 52 seM. mI.) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| tIrthakara jaTA-mukuTa dhAraNa kiye hue haiM tathA unake pArzva meM donoM ora eka-eka sevaka tathA eka ur3atA huA gaMdharva aMkita hai / kAle patthara se nirmita yaha pratimA bihAra se prApta huI aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai (citra 338 ka) / paMca-tIthikA (60.564; U~cAI 50 seM. mI.): kAle patthara meM nirmita uparokta RSabhanAtha-pratimA kI samakAlIna tathA isI kSetra se prApta eka anya pratimA tIrthaMkara caMdraprabha kI paMcatIthikA hai jisameM tIrthaMkara ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| unakA lAMchana ardha-caMdra pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para utkIrNa hai| aMbikA (63.640; U~cAI 67 seM. mI.): isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI yakSI aMbikA Amra-vRkSa ke nIce eka padma-puSpa para khar3I huI darzAyI gayI hai| vaha dAyeM hAtha meM Amraguccha dhAraNa kiye hai| aura usake bAyeM hAtha kI aMgulI ko eka zizu pakar3e hai| usakA dUsarA zizu dAyeM paira ke samIpa khar3A hai| devI zirobhUSaNa, galahAra, bhuja-baMdha, kaMkaNa, maMgalasUtra tathA adhovastra dhAraNa kiye hai / usakI donoM ora eka-eka nRtya-rata prAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiN| devI ke sira ke UparIbhAga meM eka tIrthaMkara-pratimA aura do kamala-puSpa utkIrNa haiM / usakA vAhana siMha pAda-pITha ke sammukha-bhAga para aMkita hai| yaha pratimA bihAra ke pAla-zailI ke kalAkAroM kI kRti hai (citra 338 kh)| tIrthakara ke mAtA-pitA (60.1204; U~cAI 46 seM. mI.) : dazavIM zatAbdI kI pAla kalA-zailI kI isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA ko eka vRkSa ke nIce lalitAsana meM darzAyA gayA hai| vRkSa kI eka zAkhA para baMdara bhI aMkita hai| nArI-AkRti ko apanI goda meM eka zizu ko liye baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| puruSa aura mahilA-prAkRti ko jo mukuTa tathA anya vastrAbhUSaNa pahane dikhAyA gayA hai ve vizeSa rUpa se pAla-kalA ke upAdAna haiN| pAdapITha ke sammukha bhAga para sAta upAsakoM ko hAtha jor3e hue darzAyA gayA hai| vRkSa kI donoM ora eka-eka gaNadhara bhI aMkita hai| baMgAla se prApta isI viSaya-vastu ko pradarzita karane vAlI eka anya AkarSaka pratimA (60.153; U~cAI 36 seM. mI.) bhI yahA~ hai jisameM tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA ko ThIka isI prakAra baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai / puruSa aura mahilA donoM hI prAkRtiyA~ apanI-apanI goda meM eka-eka bAlaka ko liye baiThI haiN| yaha daMpati AbhUSaNa aura adhovastra ThIka vaise hI pahane hue hai jaise 573

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 baMgAla kI pratimAoM meM darzAye jAte haiM / vRkSa ke Upara do tathA pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para pA~ca prAkRtiyA~ bhI aMkita haiN| yaha pratimA laMbAkAra hai tathA zIrSa para nukIlI ho gayI hai jisase vaha gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI pratIta hotI hai (citra 336 k)| RSabhanAtha (74.65; UMcAI 57 seM. mI.) : ur3IsA se prApta isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara eka caukora pAdapITha para dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue haiN| tIrthaMkara ke sira para eka vizada jaTA-mukuTa hai tathA laharadAra keza-guccha donoM kaMdhoM para laharA rahe haiN| unake donoM ora eka-eka pUrNa vikasita padma-puSpa aMkita haiN| yaha pratimA bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| tIrthaMkara-pratimA (74.87; UMcAI 48 seM. mI.) : ur3IsA-kalA-zailI kI yaha atyuttama pratimA eka acihnita tIrthaMkara kI hai jo dhar3a-bhAga ke nIce se khaNDita hai| yaha pratimA kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e tIrthaMkara kI thii| pratimA ke UparI sire para eka tri-toraNa hai jisake nIce tihare chatra haiM jo tIrthaMkara ke zIrSa-bhAga ke Upara haiN| toraNa Adi patra-puSpoM kI DijAina se alaMkRta haiN| tIrthaMkara ke bAla choTe-choTe challoM meM prasAdhita haiM tathA sira ke UparI bhAga meM zaMkvAkAra ubhAradAra racanA kA rUpa grahaNa kiye hue haiN| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora ur3ate hue gaMdhoM, saMgItajJoM evaM nava-grahoM kA aMkana hai| isa pratimA kA samaya bArahavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai| dakSiNApatha RSabhanAtha (1353; U~cAI 61.5 seM. mI.): kAle patthara meM utkIrNa isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe darzAyA gayA hai| unake laharadAra bAloM ke gucche kaMdhoM para par3e hue haiM tathA vaha eka kasA huA aMtarIya pahane hue haiN| vAraMgala se prApta isa pratimA kA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai| sthApatyIya paTTa (58.9/1; U~cAI 86 seM. mI.) : isa paTTa meM sahasra-kUTa kA aMkana hai| yaha maNDapAkAra hai aura zIrSa bhAga zaMkvAkAra hai jo saMkIrNa hotI paTTiyoM tathA eka Amalaka se maNDita hai| isa maNDapa ke cAroM ora kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e tIrthaMkaroM kI eka-eka pratimA kA aMkana hai| isake Upara cAroM dizAoM meM kSatijika citra haiM jisameM kramazaH, cAra, tIna, aura eka tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThI huI dikhAI gayI haiN| yaha paTTa gahare bhUre patthara se nirmita hai| isake lie dasavIM zatAbdI, cAlukya-kAla nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara pratimA (56.153/146; U~cAI 1.56 mI.): yaha pratimA siMhAsana para dhyAnamudrA meM baiThe hue eka tIrthakara kI hai jinake pIche prabhA-maNDala aMkita hai| tIrthaMkara ke vakSa para dAyIM aura zrIvatsa-cihna aMkita hai| bhAmaNDala ke samIpa camaradhArI sevaka khar3e haiN| tIrthaMkara ke Upara ghumAvadAra toraNa kA aMkana hai / durdIta siMha ke Upara makara-mukha tathA tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora siMha aMkita haiM / yaha pratimA vijayanagarakAlIna, paMdrahavIM zatAbdI kI hai (citra 336 kha) / 574

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya dakSiNa bhArata tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAeM (56.153/173; UMcAI 2.16 mI.) : eka pratimA meM pAzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e hue dikhAyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha ke pIche eka kuNDalIbaddha nAga khar3A huA hai jo apane phaNa-chatra se tIrthaMkara ke sira para chAyA kara rahA hai| tIrthaMkara ke sira ke UparI bhAga meM pA~ca samakeMdraka ardha vRttAkAroM kA samUha tathA patra-puSpoM kI DijAineM utkIrNa haiN| yaha pratimA colakAlIna dasavIM zatAbdI kI (citra 340 ka) hai / dUsarI tIrthaMkara-pratimA (56.153/2; U~cAI 1.38 mI0), jo isI kAla kI hai, meM tIrthaMkara ko eka gaddI yukta siMhAsana para baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara kA prabhA-maNDala makara-mukha tathA usapara savAra mAnavAkRti se alaMkRta hai| siMhAsana ke donoM ora ArohI sahita durdAta zArdUla aMkita hai| makara-mukha se nikalI huI patra-puSpoM kI DijAina se yukta ardha-vRttAkAra bhAmaNDala unake sira ke pIche aMkita hai| tIrthakara ke pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI sevaka patra-puSpoM ke nIce khar3e haiM jinake siroM para karaNDa-mukuTa suzobhita hai| tIsarI tIrthaMkara-pratimA (56.158/177; UMcAI 1.16 mI.) meM supArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke pIche eka kuNDalIbaddha nAga khar3A hai jo apane pAMca phaNI chatra se unake sira para chAyA kara rahA hai| tIrthaMkara ke vakSa para dAyeM cUcuka ke Upara zrIvatsa-cihna tathA unakA lAMchana zaMkha unake dAyeM kaMdhe ke Upara aMkita hai| isa pratimA kA samaya prAraMbhika colakAla, dasavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai (citra 340 kha) / cauthI tIrthaMkara-pratimA (56.153/ 321; U~cAI 35 seM. mI.) meM, jo samakAlIna hai, eka bhAmaNDala-yukta tIrthaMkara ko dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke sira ke pIche bhAmaNDala aura unake pArzva meM donoM ora sevakoM ko khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai| eca0 ke0 caturvedI dhAtu-pratimAe~ rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM jaina kAMsya-pratimAoM kA eka uttama saMgraha hai| adhikAMzaH pratimAe~ paryApta paravartI kAla kI aura eka-jaisI hI haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ko AyatAkAra pAdapITha para sthita siMhAsana para dhyAnamagna padmAsana-mudrA meM baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| ina pratimAoM meM adhikatara saMkhyA pazcima-bhArata se upalabdha pratimAoM kI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke Upara prAyaH tiharechatra haiM jinake pArzva meM gaMdharva tathA hAthI aMkita haiN| kucha pratimAoM meM tIrthaMkara kI AkRtiyA~ makara-toraNoM se maNDita haiM jinheM do khar3I huI sevaka-prAkRtiyA~ prAdhAra pradAna kiye haiN| kucha pratimAoM meM alaMkRta toraNoM ke zIrSa para pUrNa-ghaTa aMkita haiN| ina toraNoM ke kinAre maNibhAkAra alaMkRti se yukta haiM tathA toraNoM se phudane laTake hue darzAye gaye haiN| pAdapIThoM ke sammakha-bhAga para navagraha, cakra aura usake donoM ora eka-eka hiraNa tathA dAyeM kinAre para baiThe eka-eka upAsaka aMkita kiye gaye haiN| ye pratimAe~ pItala athavA tAMbe se nirmita hora usane donoM para eka prakava tiraNa tathAnadAroM 575

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 haiN| kucha pratimAoM meM A~kheM tathA zrIvatsa-cihna aura Asana kA sammukha-bhAga cA~dI se urekita hai| kisI-kisI pratimA para tithi aMkita hai aura usake dAtA kA nAma bhI aMkita hai| RSabhanAtha (70.42) : isa pratimA meM tIrthakara ko dhyAna-mudrA meM siMhAsana para baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke bAla Upara kI ora kar3he haiM tathA kucha keza-guccha kaMdhoM para laharA rahe haiM / tIrthaMkara ke kAna laMbe haiM tathA unake vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna aMkita hai| unake pArzva meM kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara tathA eka sevaka aMkita kiye gaye haiN| pratimA ke zIrSa-bhAga meM puSpamAlA-vAhaka vidyAdhara, gajArohI tathA nagAr3e bajAne vAle aMkita haiM jo tIrthaMkara ke kevala-jJAna prApta kara lene kI ghoSaNA kara rahe haiM / siMhAsana ke pArzva meM donoM ora yakSa gomukha tathA apane vAhana garuDa para ArUDha yakSI cakrezvarI aMkita hai| sammukha-bhAga meM tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana vRSabha aMkita haiN| mAnava-AkRti ke zIrSoM ke pRSTha-bhAga meM aMkita eka vizeSa prakAra kA bhAmaNDala aura sevakoM ke adhovastroM ke vyavasthita mor3a tathA prAkRtiyoM kA pratirUpaNa isa pratimA ko gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI cedi-kalA kI kRti nirdhArita karate haiN| vaise bhI isa pratimA ke pAdapITha para saMvat 1114 kI tithi-yukta eka dAna-saMbaMdhI abhilekha utkIrNa hai| (citra 341) / ajitanAtha (48.4/16) : isa pratimA meM eka pAda-pITha para sthita siMhAsana para tIrthakara ko dhyAnAvasthita mudrA meM baiThA darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke sira ke pIche eka bhAmaNDala hai ji se prakAza kI kiraNeM vikIrNa ho rahI haiN| tIrthaMkara ke Upara tiharA chatra hai jisake donoM ora hAthI aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora do baiThI huI mudrA meM tathA do khar3I madrA meM tIrthaMkara tathA eka sevaka haiN| pAdapITha para yakSa mahAyakSa aura yakSI ajitabalA tathA tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana hAthI sammukha-bhAga meM aMkita hai| nava-graha tathA upAsaka-AkRtiyA~ bhI aMkita haiN| samUcI pratimA makara-toraNa se maNDita hai| toraNa para maNiyoM kI kinArI hai tathA usake zIrSa para pUrNa-ghaTa sthita hai| pratimA ke pRSTha-bhAga para saMvat 1471 kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| saMbhavanAtha (48.4/26) : yaha pratimA saMbhavanAtha kI caubIsI hai| madhya meM tIrthaMkara saMbhavanAtha baiThe haiM jinake cAroM ora do tIrthaMkara-pratimAeM khar3I huI tathA ikkIsa tIrthaMkara-pratimAeM dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThI huI darzAyI gayI haiN| pAdapITha ke donoM kinAroM para saMbhavanAtha ke yakSa trimakha tathA yakSI duritArI aMkita haiN| siMhoM ke madhya meM tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana azva aMkita hai / pRSTha-bhAga ke AdhAra para donoM ora siMha bane hue haiM jo triparNa makara-toraNa se A hai| pratimA meM pIche saMvat 1507 kI tithi-yukta eka abhilekha hai jisameM pratimA ke dAna-dAtAoM aura usake gurutroM ke nAma kA ullekha hai| abhinaMdana (48.4/58) : isa pratimA meM eka AyatAkAra pAdapITha para sthita siMhAsana para tIrthaMkara ko dhyAnAvasthA meM AsIna darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara kI A~kheM zrI-vatsa cihna tathA Asana kA sammukha bhAga cA~dI aura tAMbe kI paccIkArI se banA hai| tIrthaMkara ke bhAmaNDala se prakAza-kiraNeM 576

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pradhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya vikIrNa ho rahI haiN| unake Upara tihare chatra haiM jinapara gaMdharva tathA donoM ora hAthI aMkita haiM / unake pArzva meM do baiThe hue tathA do khar3e hue tIrthaMkara aura gaMdharva haiN| siMhAsana ko do hAthI AdhAra pradAna kiye hue haiN| eka paccIkArI ke phalaka para abhinaMdananAtha kA lAMchana baMdara aMkita hai| siMhAsana ke pArzva meM eka ora tIrthaMkara kA yakSa Izvara hai tathA dUsarI ora yakSI kAlI hai| pAda-pITha ke sammukhabhAga para nava-graha, eka cakra aura usake donoM ora hiraNa tathA konoM para hAtha jor3e upAsaka khar3e haiN| eka baiThI huI nArI-AkRti eka koSTha meM Abaddha hai jisakI bagala meM cAra toraNa haiN| samUcI pratimA makara-toraNa se parivRta hai jise khar3e camaradhAriyoM kI do AkRtiyA~ AdhAra pradAna kie haiM / toraNa ke zIrSa para pUrNa-ghaTa aMkita hai / toraNa se phudane laTaka rahe haiN| usakA kinArA maNibha zRMkhalAoM se Abaddha hai tathA patra-puSpoM kI DijAina se alaMkRta hai| pratimA ke pRSTha-bhAga para saMvat 1610 kA eka abhilekha utkIrNa hai / sumatinAtha (48.4/44) : tIrthakara sumatinAtha kI isa padmAsana pratimA meM unakI A~kheM, zrI-vatsa-cihna tathA cucuka evaM Asana kA sammukha-bhAga cA~dI aura tAMbe kI paccIkArI se bane haiN| unake sira ke pIche prakAza-kiraNa se yukta bhAmaNDala hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM do padmAsana tathA do kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIrthaMkara haiM / siMhAsana kI eka ora unakA yakSa tumburu aura dUsarI ora yakSI mahAkAlI baiThI hai| do siMhoM ke madhya meM unakA lAMchana cakravAka aMkita hai| pAda-pITha ke sammukha bhAga para cAra toraNa, navagraha, cakra aura usake donoM ora do hiraNa, tathA konoM para baiThe hae upAsaka aMkita haiM / pratimA ke cAroM ora makara-toraNa haiM jise donoM ora se do khar3I huI AkRtiyA~ AdhAra pradAna kiye haiN| pratimA ke pIche saMvat 1532 kI tithi kA eka abhilekha aMkita hai| padmaprabha (48.4/18) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara padmaprabha ko pAdapITha para AdhRta eka siMhAsana para baiThe hae darzAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha bhAga para eka tribhajAkAra DijAina hai| tIrthakara kI A~kheM aura zrI-vatsa-cihna cA~dI kI paccIkArI se nirmita haiN| bhAmaNDala vikIrNa prakAzakiraNoM se yukta hai| tIrthaMkara ke Upara tiharA chatra hai jisake pArzva meM hAthI, gaMdharva Adi aMkita haiN| pAdapITha kara tIrthaMkara kA yakSa kusuma aura yakSI zyAmA aMkita haiM tathA tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana (lAla) kamala do siMhoM ke bIca meM aMkita hai| pratimA ke pRSTha para saMvat 1423 kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| supArzvanAtha (60.836) : isa pratimA meM supArzvanAtha ko pAdapITha para sthita Asana para dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThA dikhAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke sira para nau-phaNI nAga-chatra hai| pratimA ke aMgopAMga ghisa cuke hai| pAdapITha para bhAva saMvatsara 1256 kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| caMdraprabha (48.4/55) : pAdapITha para sthita siMhAsana para tIrthaMkara ko dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hae darzAyA gayA hai| pratimA ke sammukha-bhAga meM cAra toraNa haiM / adhikAMza prAkRtiyA~ ghisa cukI haiN| zrI-vatsa-cihna aura prAsana kA sammukha-bhAga cA~dI kI paccIkArI se nirmita hai| sira ke 577

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 pIche vikIrNa prakAza-kiraNa-yukta bhAmaNDala hai tathA tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM do padmAsana tathA do khar3agAsana tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| siMhAsana kI eka ora tIrthaMkara kA yakSa vijaya aura dUsarI ora yakSI bhRkuTI aMkita hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha bhAga para tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana ardhacaMdra aMkita hai / isa kAla kI anya pratimAoM kI bhA~ti isa pratimA ke pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para nava-graha tathA upAsaka bhI aMkita haiM / samacI pratimA ke cAroM ora eka ati-alaMkRta makara-toraNa bhI hai| pratimA ke pRSTha-bhAga para saMvat 1612 kI tithi kA eka abhilekha aMkita hai| zItalanAtha (48.4/46) : siMhAsana para padmAsana-mudrA meM baiThe tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha kI isa pratimA kI AMkheM, zrI-vatsa cihna tathA prAsana kA sammukha-bhAga cA~dI aura tA~be kI paccIkArI se nirmita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke zIrSa ke pIche vikIrNa prakAza-kiraNoM se yukta bhAmaNDala hai| tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana zrI-vatsa do siMhoM ke madhya meM aMkita hai| siMhAsana kI eka ora tIrthaMkara kA yakSa brahmA tathA dUsarI ora yakSI azokA aMkita hai| pAdapITha para nava-graha cakra aura usake donoM ora hiraNa tathA donoM kinAroM para eka-eka upAsaka aMkita haiM / samUcI pratimA makara-toraNa se prAvRta hai jisake zIrSa para pUrNa-ghaTa sthita hai| toraNa ke kinAre maNibha alaMkaraNa se Abaddha haiM tathA toraNa se phaMdane nikale hae haiN| pratimA ke pRSTha para saMvat 1542 kI tithi kA eka abhilekha bhI hai| vimalanAtha (48.4/25) : yaha tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kI padmAsana-mudrA kI pratimA hai jisameM unake Upara chAyA karate hue cAra chatra tathA unakI bagala meM gaja-yugma aura gaMdharva Adi aMkita haiN| tIrthakara kI A~kheM, zrI-vatsa cihna tathA Asana kA sammukha bhAga Adi cA~dI kI paccakArI se nirmita haiN| vimalanAtha ke pArzva meM donoM ora do-do tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e hue haiN| pAdapITha ke sammakha bhAga meM tIrthakara kA lAMchana barAha, navagraha tathA cakra aura usakI donoM ora hiraNa aMkita haiN| isake pIche utkIrNa abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha pratimA saMvat 1502 meM pratiSThita kI gayI thii| anaMtanAtha (48.4/52) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara anaMtanAtha tihare chatra ke nIce siMhAsana para padamAsana-madrA meM avasthita haiN| siMhAsana ke pArzva meM donoM ora hAthI aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara kI aA~kheM, zrI-vatsa cihna Adi cA~dI aura tA~be kI paccIkArI se nirmita haiN| unake sira ke pIche prakAzakiraNa-yUkta bhAmaNDala hai| siMhAsana ke pArzva meM eka ora tIrthaMkara kA yakSa pAtAla tathA dUsarI ora yakSI anaMtamatI baiThI huI hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para nava-graha Adi aMkita haiM / pratimA kI cAroM mora eka makara-toraNa hai| pIche utkIrNa abhilekha meM isa pratimA ke nAma tathA isake dAnadAtA aura isakI tithi saMvat 1507 kA ullekha hai| dharmanAtha (48.4/50) : dhyAna-mudrA meM siMhAsanAsIna tIrthaMkara kI A~kheM, zrI-vatsa cihna prAdi cA~dI aura tA~be kI paccIkArI se nirmita haiN| bhAmaNDala prakAza-kiraNoM se yukta hai| unake pAzvoM meM do padmAsana aura do khaDgAsana-mudrA meM tIrthaMkara dikhAye gaye haiN| paccIkArI ke phalaka para 578

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana vajra do siMhoM ke madhya meM aMkita hai| unake yakSa kinnara aura yakSI kaMdarpA ko unakI sevA karate hae dikhAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para nava-graha aura cakra tathA usake pArzva meM hiraNoM Adi kA aMkana hai / isa pratimA kI anya prAkRtiyA~ Adi pUrvokta pratimAoM kI bhAMti hI haiN| saMvat 1572 kA abhilekha bhI isa pratimA para utkIrNa hai| zAMtinAtha (48.4/40) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko siMhAsana para dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| unakI A~kheM, zrIvatsa-cihna Adi cA~dI aura tA~be kI paccIkArI se bane haiN| unake pArzva meM donoM ora bane AyatAkAra devakoSThoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ko baiThe hae dikhAyA gayA hai| inake nIce bhI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| siMhAsana ke pArzva meM tIrthaMkara ke yakSa evaM yakSI aMkita haiM aura pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para nava-graha, cakra aura usake donoM ora hiraNa Adi aMkita haiN| siMhAsana ke Age siMhoM ke madhya meM tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana hiraNa aMkita hai| pratimA ke pIche saMvat 1524 kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| kuMthunAtha (48.4/24) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko eka pAdapITha para sthita siMhAsana para tihare chatra ke nIce padmAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| chatra ke pArzva meM donoM ora hAthI aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara kI A~kheM, zrIvatsa-cihna aura Asana kA sammukha bhAga cA~dI kI paccIkArI se banA hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara evaM sevaka khar3e hue haiN| pAdapITha ke sammukha bhAga para tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana bakarA aMkita hai| siMhAsana ke pArzva meM yakSa daMpati, gaMdharva aura balA aMkita haiN| samUcI pratimA ke caukhaTe para maNibhAkAra kinArI tathA trikoNa DijAina hai| pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga para saMvat 1507 kA abhilekha hai| mallinAtha (47.106/170) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko eka U~ce pAdapITha para prAdhata siMhAsana para padmAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai / tIrthaMkara ke kAna laMbe haiM, unake sira para eka uSNISa hai aura usake Upara alaMkRta tiharA chatra hai / chatra kI donoM ora hAthI haiM jinake Upara zaMkha bajAte gaMdharva aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke zIrSa kI donoM ora AyatAkAra devakoSThoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ko baiThe dikhAyA gayA hai| ina devakoSThoM ke uparivartI devakoSThoM meM gaMdharva haiN| nIce kI ora do kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaroM ko do sevakoM sahita dikhAyA gayA hai jo nitAMta chora kI ora haiN| siMhAsana kI donoM ora tIrthaMkara ke yakSa kubera evaM yakSI dharaNapriyA aMkita haiM / nava-graha Adi ko sAmAnyataH pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| pratimA ke pIche saMvat 1531 (vikrama) aura saMvat 1427 (zaka) kA abhilekha aMkita hai| munisuvrata (48.4/27) : siMhAsana para dhyAnAvasthA meM baiThe tIrthakara kI isa pratimA meM unake Upara tihare chatra chAyA kara rahe haiM jinake pArzva meM do hAthI aura padmAsanastha tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ haiN| tIrthaMkara kA sevaka-yakSa varuNa aura yakSI naradattA bhI aMkita hai| tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana kacchapa pUrNatayA naSTa ho cukA hai| pratimA ke paSThabhAga para saMvat 1506 kA eka abhilekha hai| 579

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 f neminAtha (48.4/36) : yaha pratimA ghisa cukI hai| isameM tIrthaMkara ko tihare chatra ke nIce siMhAsana para padmAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| unake sira ke pIche prakAza-kiraNoM se yukta bhAmaNDala hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora devakulikA meM baiThe hue padmAsana tIrthakara haiM tathA eka anya khaDgAsana-mudrA meM bhI haiN| siMhAsana ke donoM ora tIrthaMkara kA sevaka yakSa gomedha tathA yakSI aMbikA hai| tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana zaMkha bhI aMkita hai| anya prAkRtiyA~ yathApUrva haiN| pratimA ke pIche saMvat 1518 kI tithi kA abhilekha aMkita hai / pArzvanAtha (48.4/20) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara siMhAsana para sapta-phaNa nAga-chatra ke nIce padmAsana-mudrA meM baiThe hue haiM / tIrthaMkara ke keza choTe-choTe challoM meM prasAdhita haiN| ve galahAra aura bhujabaMdha pahane haiN| unakI A~kheM, zrI-vatsa-cihna tathA Asana kA sammukha-bhAga cA~dI aura tAMbe kI paccIkArI se banA hai| unake pArzva meM donoM ora do padmAsana tathA do khaDgAsana tIrthaMkara haiN| nAga-chatra ke Upara tathA pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga para donoM kinAroM kI ora hAthI aMkita haiN| siMhAsana ke pArzva meM unakA sevaka yakSa dharaNeMdra tathA yakSI padmAvatI aura pAdapITha ke sammukha-bhAga meM navagraha aMkita haiN| unakA lAMchana nAga bhI aMkita hai| pratimA ke pIche saMvat 1487 kA eka abhilekha utkIrNa hai| mahAvIra (48.4/17) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara siMhAsana para tihare chatra ke nIce padamAsana mudrA meM pradarzita haiM / chatra ke pArzva meM hAthI aura gaMdharva aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara kI A~kheM, zrI-vatsa-cihna tathA Asana kA sammukha-bhAga cA~dI aura tA~be kI paccIkArI se nirmita hai| unake pArzva meM do camaradhArI sevaka khar3e haiM tathA siMhAsana ke pArzva meM donoM ora unakA yakSa mAtaMga aura yakSI siddhAyikA hai| unakA lAMchana siMha bhI aMkita hai / pratimA ke pIche saMvat 1362 kA abhilekha aMkita haiN| kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara (64.444) : yaha eka cAlukyakAlIna durlabha kAMsya-pratimA hai jisameM tIrthaMkara ko kamala para kAyotsarga mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke keza ghaMgharAle challoM meM ati suMdaratA ke sAtha prasAdhita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke vakSasthala para zrI-vatsa cihna aMkita nahIM hai| zailIgata AdhAra para isa pratimA ke lie dasavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai (citra 342 ka ) / caumukhI pratimAeM : saMgrahAlaya meM do caumukhI pratimAe~ bhI haiM jinameM se eka pratimA (63.1187) choTe AkAra kI hai jisake cAroM ora padmAsanastha tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu prAkRtiyAM aMkita haiN| isa pratimA kA zIrSa-bhAga alaMkRta tathA caitya gavAkSa jaisA hai jisake zIrSa para kalaza sthita hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI kI hai ( citra 342 kh)| dUsarI caumukhI pratimA (47.106/207) meM cAroM ora cAra deva-koSTha haiM jo sAmAnyataH maNDapa ke prakAra ke haiN| inameM cAra padmAsana tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ sthita haiN| yaha pratimA mala rUpa meM vargAkAra hai jisakA AdhAra-bhAga chajjedAra thA tathA zIrSa-bhAga zikhara-yukta hai| zikhara 580

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (rAjasthAna) citra 335

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (kha) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara neminAtha (narahada) (ka) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (uttara pradeza) citra 336 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : sarasvatI (pallU) citra 337 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthakara RSabhanAtha (bihAra) (kha) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : yakSI aMbikA (bihAra) citra 338 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (kha) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara-mUti (dakSiNApatha) (ka) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA (pazcima baMgAla) citra 339

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 (ka) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pAzrvanAtha (dakSiNa bhArata) (kha) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha (dakSiNa bhArata) citra 340 .

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nirmita tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (madhya pradeza) citra 341 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 (ka) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara (karnATaka) Addavar ao MATA (kha) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nirmita - caumukha (rAjasthAna) citra 342 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] (kha) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya dhAtu-nirmita aMbikA (pUrva bhArata ) (ka) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya dhAtu nirmita catrezvarI (uttara pradeza ) citra 343 bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya .

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nimita aMbikA (akoTA) citra 344

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adhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara kA dhAtu-nirmita parikara (rAjasthAna) citra 345

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saMgrahAlayoM kI kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya : dhAtu-nirmita paMca-tIthikA (pazcima bhArata) citra 346

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya bhAga kalaza athavA stUpI se maNDita hai / yaha pratimA aMdara se khokhalI hai aura kaI sthAnoM para khaNDita ho cukI hai / cakrezvarI (67.152 ) : isa pratimA meM eka AyatAkAra pAdapITha para sthita padma-puSpa para devI cakrezvarI ko lalitAsana meM darzAyA gayA hai / yaha devI aSTabhujI hai jo apanI chaha bhujAnoM meM cakra dhAraNa kiye hai / usakA Age kA dAyA~ hAtha varada mudrA meM hai aura bAyeM hAtha meM vaha bIjapUraka dhAraNa kiye hai| vaha eka UMcA mukuTa, kAnoM meM vRttAkAra kuNDala aura gale meM mAlA pahane hai / pratimA ke pRSTha-bhAga ke caukhaTe meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha aMkita haiM jinake zIrSa para tihare chatra haiN| devI kA vAhana garuDa sammukha bhAga meM pradarzita hai| devI kI mukhAkRti ghisa cukI hai / yaha pratimA dasavIM zatAbdI kI pratIhAra kalA kI eka uttama kRti hai (citra 343 ka ) | dvibhujI aMbikA ( 68.160 ) : isa pratimA meM aMbikA ko usake vAhana siMha ke Upara zrArUr3ha darzAyA gayA | aMbikA ke dAyeM hAtha meM AmravRkSa -zAkhA ( jisakA zIrSa - bhAga khaNDita ho cukA hai ) hai tathA vaha apane bAyeM hAtha se apane eka zizu ko pakar3e hue hai / usakA dUsarA zizu usake ThIka bAyIM ora khar3A huA hai / pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga kA caukhaTA devI ke pArzva meM aMkita gaja-vyAloM para AdhArita devI kA bhAmaNDala dasoM dizAoM meM jvAlAe~ vikIrNa karane vAlA hai / pratimA ke zIrSa bhAga para ardha - padmAsana mudrA meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI eka laghu AkRti aMkita hai / yaha pratimA pazcima bhArata meM navIM zatAbdI meM nirmita huI ( citra 344 ) / / caturbhujI aMbikA (48.4 / 11 ) : isa pratimA meM aMbikA ko eka AyatAkAra pAdapITha para sthita siMha para prArUr3ha lalitAsana - mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai / usake UparI hAthoM meM Amra-guccha haiM, dAyIM prora ke sammukha hAtha meM vaha eka phala liye hue hai tathA bAyIM ora ke sammukha hAtha se vaha zizu ko pakar3e hue hai jo usakI goda meM baiThA hai| dUsarA zizu usakI dAyIM ora khar3A hai / vaha karaNDa-mukuTa, kuNDala, galahAra, bhujabaMdha, pAyala tathA adhovastra dhAraNa kiye hai / usakA ardha-vRttAkAra maNDala kamala dalavat hai / pRSTha-bhAga kA AdhAra pUrNa-ghaTa se maNDita hai / aMbikA ke zIrSa ke UparI bhAga meM eka AyatAkAra deva kulikA meM neminAtha ko baiThe darzAyA gayA hai / isa pratimA meM aMbikA kA eka vizeSa prakAra kA mukuTa, caur3A ceharA, suspaSTa cibuka tathA dehayaSTi kA pratirUpaNa saMketa detA hai ki yaha pratimA paramAra kalAkAra kI kRti hai / isa pratimA para saMvat 1203 kA eka abhilekha bhI aMkita hai / mulammA yukta aMbikA ( 46.12 / 3 ) : isa pratimA meM eka alaMkRta AyatAkAra pAdapITha para sthita evaM padma-puSpa zrAsana para AmoM se lade hue vRkSa ke nIce aMbikA ko AkarSaka mudrA meM khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai / aMbikA dAyeM hAtha meM zrAmra -guccha pakar3e hue hai aura bAyeM hAtha se godI meM car3he hue zizu ko sahArA de rahI hai / dUsarA nagna zizu ( jisake hAtha khaNDita ho cuke haiM ) usakI bAyIM ora khar3A huA hai / vaha kAnoM meM vRttAkAra kuNDala, galahAra, bahuta sI cUr3iyA~ tathA sAr3I aura pAyala 581

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 pahane hai / usake vAhana siMha ko usakI bAyIM ora darzAyA gayA hai / isa pratimA kA AkarSaka pratirUpaNa darzAtA hai ki yaha pratimA dasavIM zatAbdI kI pAla kalA kI kRti hai ( citra 343 kha ) / 1 padmAvatI ( 48.4 / 273 ) : isa pratimA meM sammukha ko ora Age nikale eka AyatAkAra pAdapITha para sthita padma-puSpa ke Asana para devI padmAvatI ko pAlathI mAre baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai / devI ke Upara tIna phaNa vAlA vaisA hI nAga chatra hai jaisAki pArzvanAtha ke zIrSa para darzAyA jAtA hai / yaha devI caturbhujI hai jisakI dAyIM ora kI UparI bhujA meM eka phala hai tathA usI ora kI nicalI bhujA varada mudrA meM hai / bAyIM ora kI UparI bhujA meM padma-puSpa tathA nicalI 'bhujA meM jala-kalaza usake kaMdhoM para uttarIya - jaisA vastra par3A hai tathA vaha sAmAnya AbhUSaNa pahane hai / usakA lAMchana kukkuTa ( jo khaNDita hai ) usakI bAyIM ora aMkita hai| pratimA ke donoM zrora do staMbha haiM jinake kinAre maNibha yukta haiN| staMbha triparNa-toraNa ko AdhAra pradAna kiye hue haiN| toraNa ke zIrSa para kalaza hai / yaha pratimA pazcima bhArata kI zailI meM nirmita hai jo lagabhaga satrahavIM zatAbdI kI pratIta hotI 1 padmAvatI ( 47 109 / 124 ) : vargAkAra pAdapITha para AdhRta vRttAkAra Asana para devI padmAvatI lalitAsana - mudrA meM baiThI huI hai / yaha caturbhujI pratimA hai| devI kI dAyIM ora kI pichalI bhujA meM aMkuza hai aura sAmane kI bhujA varada - mudrA meM hai / bAyIM ora kI pichalI bhujA ( jo khaNDita hai ) meM pAza hai tathA Age kI bhujA meM dADima- jaisA phala hai / pA~ca phaNa vAlA nAga chatra devI ko chAyA pradAna kara rahA hai| devI ke zIrSa ke UparI bhAga meM eka padmAsanastha tIrthaMkara kI pratimA hai / isa pratimA ke lie lagabhaga aThArahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina yaha kisa kSetra se prApta huI hai, yaha jJAta hai / meM / eka parikara (67 103 ) : yaha eka tIrthaMkara pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga kA pralaMkRta DhA~cA hai jo mukhya tIrthaMkara kI pratimA se pRthak ho cukA hai / yaha kisa tIrthaMkara pratimA kA parikara hai yaha jJAta nahIM hai / isake madhyavartI bhAga prakAza kI kiraNoM se yukta kamala - patra tathA anya vizeSa Diz2AinoM se yukta eka vizada bhAmaNDala hai bhAmaNDala ke pArzva meM donoM ora makara-mukha haiM jinase kamaloM kA eka suMdara paTa nissRta ho rahA hai / inake Upara vidyAdharoM kA eka yugma, vRSabha kI mukhAkRti vAlI ur3atI huI prAkRtiyA~, hAthI para savAra bheMTa ke lie mAlA-vAhaka prAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiM jo ullekhanIya DhaMga se tIrthaMkara kI ora agrasArita hotI huI darzAyI gayI haiN| keMdravartI chatra ke pArzva tathA UparI bhAga meM ur3ate hue gaMdharva Adi aMkita haiN| ina gaMdharvoM meM se do gaMdharva raNabherI bajA rahe haiM tathA unake Upara keMdravartI bhAga meM eka gaMdharva zaMkha bajA rahA hai / ye gaMdharva ina vAdya yaMtroM ko bajAkara tIrthaMkara kI kevalajJAna prApti kI ghoSaNA kara rahe haiM / isa parikara kI prAkRtiyoM kA pratirUpaNa, unake dvArA pahane gaye vizeSa prakAra ke karaNDa-mukuTa tathA suspaSTa mukhAkRtiyA~ aura parikara ke nicale bhAga meM kita kamaloM kI Diz2AineM hameM pallU (bIkAnera) se prApta samasAmayika tIrthaMkara aura sarasvatI kI 582

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya do pratimAoM (pUrvokta pR0 256 tathA 572) kA smaraNa karAtI haiN| yaha parikara zailIgata AdhAra para bArahavIM zatAbdI kI cAhamAna-kalA kA eka sarvotkRSTa udAharaNa hai (citra 345) / pArzvanAtha kA paMcaviMzati-paTTa (63.73): isameM pArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga madrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai / tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora do anya tIrthakara khar3e hue haiM / isa paTTa kA toraNa pazcima-bhArata ke uttara madhyakAlIna maMdiroM ke dvAroM ke samAna hai| isa paTTa ke pIche saMvat 1500 (san 1443) kA eka abhilekha bhI hai (citra 346) / brajendra nAtha zarmA zItalA prasAda tivArI priMsa praoNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya, baMbaI jaina tri-tIthikA (113; UMcAI 86 seM0 mI0; pASANa, aMkAI-taMkAI, jilA nAsika) : isa pratimA meM eka tihare chatra ke nIce bhAmaNDala-yukta tIrthakara apane pArzva ke donoM ora eka-eka tIrthakara ke sAtha kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiN| tInoM hI tIrthaMkaroM ke bAla kaMdhoM para bikhare hue haiN| mUlanAyaka ke pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI sevaka haiM aura unake pairoM ke samIpa pratimA kA dAna-dAtA daMpati aMkita hai| parikara ke zIrSa-bhAga meM prAtihArya aura zIrSa ke UparI sire ke sAtha lagI huI saMgItajJoM kI eka paMkti hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke bhAmaNDala ke pIche aMkita pattoM kA saMyojana saMbhavataH unake bodhi-vRkSoM kA sUcaka hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki kaMdhoM para laharAte hue bAloM kA aMkana prAyaH RSabhanAtha kI pratimAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai paraMtu aMkAI-pratimAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke bAloM kA isa prakAra kA aMkana unakI apanI nijI vizeSatA pratIta hotI hai, yahA~ taka ki unhoMne pArzvanAtha ke bAloM kA bhI aMkana isI prakAra se kiyA hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga nauvIM-dasavIM zatAbdI kI hai (citra 347 k)| ___ jaina paMca-tIthikA (114; U~cAI 88.5 seM0 mI0; pASANa, aMkAI-taMkAI) : tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiM jinake pArzva meM donoM ora UparI bhAga meM bane deva-koSThoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ko baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai aura inake nIce kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e hue tIrthaMkaroM ko| mUla-nAyaka ke pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI sevaka haiN| yaha paTa staMbhoM se atyaMta vizada rUpa se alaMkRta hai| ye staMbha anya tIrthakaroM aura deva-koSThoM ko AdhAra pradAna kiye hue haiN| donoM ora gaja-vyAla kA pratIka aMkita hai| pAdapITha para abhilekha aMkita hai (citra 347 kh)| yakSa dharaNeMdra (116; mApa : 43.5476 seM. mI0; bhUrA patthara, karnATaka kSetra) : caturbhajI yakSa dharaNeMdra eka prAsana para lalita mudrA meM baiThA hai jisameM usakA dAyA~ paira nIce laTakA huaA hai| yakSa eka vizada mukuTa aura bharapUra AbhUSaNa pahane hue hai| vaha apanI cAra bhujAoM meM se 583

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 tIna bhujAoM meM kamala, gadA tathA pAza dhAraNa kiye hue hai aura sAmane kA bAyA~ hAtha varadamudrA meM hai / yakSa ke pIche eka vizada prabhAvalI hai jo kIrtimukha aura patra - puSpoM ke paTTa se alaMkRta hai / yakSa jina upAdAnoM ko apane hAthoM meM liye hue hai unakA usakI vizeSatAoM se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai, isalie yakSa dharaNeMdra ke rUpa meM usakI pahacAna ke lie vaha tIna nAga phaNI -chatra sahAyaka hai jo usake mukuTa ke UparI bhAga meM aMkita hai / isa pratimA kA alaMkaraNa lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hoyasala - kalA ke prabhAva kA paricAyaka hai (citra 348 ) / yakSI padmAvatI (121; mApa 48478 se0 mI0 ; bhUrA patthara, saMbhavata: karnATaka ) : yakSa dharaNeMdra kI sahadharmiNI yaha yakSI padmAvatI bhI caturbhujI hai jo apanI bhujAnoM meM vahI upAdAna dhAraNa kiye hue hai jo yakSa dhAraNa kiye hai| apavAda mAtra itanA hai ki yakSI kA bAyA~ hAtha kamara ke samIpa khaNDita ho cukA hai / usake Upara eka phaNa vAle nAga kA chatra hai / mahAvIra ( 116; mApa 43 116 se0 mI0, paratadAra pASANa, karnATaka ) : pAdapITha para zradhRta kamala para kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e tIrthaMkara ko mahAvIra ke rUpa meM tri-ratha pAdapITha para aMkita unake lAMchana siMha ke aMkana se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM eka zrora yakSa hai| jo apane bAyeM hAtha meM nIbU phala liye hue hai aura dUsarI ora yakSI hai jo apane bAyeM hAtha meM pustaka liye hai / zrI vatsa cihna aMkita nahIM hai / yaha pratimA do staMbhoM ke bIca sthApatyIya rUpa se saMyojita hai jisake Upara makara zradhRta hai| makara ke Upara eka deva zrAkRti zrArUr3ha hai jisakI pahacAna nahIM ho sakI / aNDAkAra prabhA-paTTa ke prakAra kA hai jisake zIrSa para kIrtimukha hai| karnATaka kI pratimAoM meM pAyI jAne vAlI eka vizeSatA tIrthaMkaroM ke Upara tiharA chatra hai jo mahAvIra ke Upara bhI pradarzita hai ( citra 349 ka ) / mahAvIra kI eka tIthikA ( 117; saMgamaramara, mApa 51x143.5 seM0mI0, vIravAha, thAra aura parakara jilA, siMdha) : isa pratimA meM mahAvIra paMcaratha pAdapITha para kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e hue haiM / tIrthaMkara kI TA~goM ke bIca eka vizeSa prakAra ke laharadAra aMkana se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha usa dhotI kA chora hai jise vaha pahane hue haiM, sAtha hI kamara para kIrtimukha- kamarapeTI se kasI huI eka caur3I paTTI se bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai ki vaha koI aMtara-vastra pahane hue / unake vakSa para zrI vatsa - cihna aMkita hai aura cUcukoM ko biMdu aura usake cAroM ora ke eka ghere dvArA darzAyA gayA hai (jo puSpa kA saMketa hai ? ) / unake pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI sevaka khar3e haiM tathA isa mUrti kA dAnadAtA - yugala aMjali - mudrA meM unake caraNoM ke samIpa baiThA hai / unakA parikara alaMkRta hai jisameM laMba-rUpa staMbha ke donoM ora cAra baiThI huI tathA eka khar3I huI vidyAdeviyA~ aMkita haiM / chatra ke cAroM ora prAtihArya haiM aura parikara ke UparI sire para saMgItajJa / isa para saMvat 1136 (san 1080 ) IT abhilekha bhI hai (citra 349 kha ) / camaradhArI (118; U~cAI 87 seM0 mI0 saMgamaramara, rAjasthAna) spaSTata: yaha pratimA kisI 584

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya tIrthaMkara-pratimA ke parikara kA eka aMga hai| isameM camaradhArI tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3A huA hai| usake dAyeM hAtha meM camara hai aura bAyA~ hAtha kaTi-mudrA meM hai| pratimA samRddha rUpa se alaMkRta hai jisameM vaha alaMkRta kirITa-mukuTa, mauktika-dAma, hAra, kuNDala, kaMkaNa, bhujabaMdha tathA pairoM meM pAyala pahane hue hai| vaha dhotI pahane hai jo kamara meM rassI ke kamarabaMdha se kasI huI hai tathA jisameM motiyoM kI lar3iyAM bhI guMthI huI haiN| usakI jAMghoM ke Upara paryastikA hai| yaha pratimA bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai (citra 350 k)| dAna dAtA (?) (127; mApa 38455.5 seM0 mI0; saMgamaramara; rAjasthAna) : yaha eka dAr3hI vAle puruSa kI AkRti hai jo eka caukI para lalitAsana-mudrA meM baiThA hai jisameM usakA dAyA~ paira nIce laTaka rahA hai| usake bAla pIche kI ora kar3he hue hai tathA bAyeM kaMdhe ke pAsa eka jUr3e ke rUpa meM ba~dhe hue haiN| usakA bhAmaNDala eka vizada padma-puSpa ke rUpa meM aMkita hai / vaha dhotI bA~dhe aura kaMdhoM para cAdara or3he hai jisake chora nIce kI ora laTaka rahe haiN| vaha apane donoM hAthoM meM eka vizeSa zailI meM aMkita kamaloM ko dhAraNa kiye hai| isa mUrti-paTTa ke do staMbha una do laghu devakoSThoM ko AdhAra pradAna kiye hue haiM jinameM yakSa aura yakSI ko baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| inake Upara triparNa toraNa hai jisake zIrSa para devAlaya hai jisameM tIrthaMkara-pratimA pratiSThita hai| isake pAdapITha para saMvat 1242 (san 1185) kA tithi-yukta abhilekha hai jisake anusAra isa pratimA ko kisI zaktikumAra ne nirmita karAyA thA (pUrvokta citra 200) / pArzvanAtha (32; U~cAI 21.5 seM0 mI0; kAMsya) : isa kAyotsarga digaMbara tIrthaMkara kI pratimA kI dAyIM bhujA kA agrabhAga khaNDita ho cukA hai| tIrthaMkara ke sira ke pIche pA~ca phaNI nAgachatra tathA pairoM ke madhya unakA lAMchana kuNDalIbaddha nAga pradarzita hai| pratimA kI vizeSatAe~ atyaMta rUr3ha haiM / unake caur3e kaMdhe, dhar3a-bhAga kA pratirUpaNa, laMbI TA~geM Adi kucha aisI vizeSatAe~ haiM jinakI tulanA paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita causA ke bhUmigata mUrti-bhaNDAra se prApta kucha prAraMbhika kAMsya pratimAnoM se kI jA sakatI hai| pairoM ke nIce ke TUTe hue jor3a vAle bhAga se pratIta hotA hai ki yaha pratimA avazya hI pAdapITha para sthita rahI hogI jo aba naSTa ho cukA hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga dusarI zatAbdI kI hai (prathama bhAga meM citra 37) / tIrthakara (122; U~cAI 22 seM.mI0; kAMsya; vAlA, gujarAta) : isa pratimA meM tIrthakara ko adhovastra pahane hue eka vargAkAra AdhAra para sthita vRttAkAra maNibhAMkita pAdapITha para kAyotsarga-mudrA 1 isa pratimA kI tithi evaM kSetra ke viSaya meM umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha ke abhimata ke lie draSTavya prathama bhAga meM . pa.87-88. prastuta lekha ke lekhakoM kA isa viSaya meM apanA abhimata hai ki causA ke bhaNDAra se prApta kuSANa kAlIna jaina kAMsya pratimAoM dvArA prastuta sAkSyoM ke AdhAra yaha nitAMta anivArya hai ki isa pratimA kI tithi kA punanirdhAraNa kiyA jAye. yahA~ vivecita kAMsya pratimA ke caur3e kaMdhe aura laMbe paira aisI vizeSatAeM haiM, jo causA kI kAMsya pratimAoM se ghaniSTha samAnatA rakhate haiM. 585

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 meM darzAyA gayA hai| unakA ceharA aNDAkAra aura karNAgra laMbe tathA chidra-yukta haiM; bAla challoM meM prasAdhita haiM tathA sira ke UparI bhAga para uSNISa hai| zrIvatsa-cihna kA sakAraNa abhAva hai| pratimA ke pIche eka paira tathA pAdapITha ke pRSTha-bhAga para eka TUTA huA jor3anevAlA bhAga chatra ke lie rahA hogA jo aba khaNDita ho cukA hai| dhar3a-bhAga kA pratirUpaNa aura usakI vizeSatAeM tathA dhotI bA~dhane kA DhaMga isakI saMbaddhatA gupta paraMparA se darzAtA hai| yaha paraMparA dakSiNApatha kI guphA-pratimAoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / pratimA kA pRSTha bhAga sapATa hai / isa pratimA kA kAla lagabhaga chaThavIM zatAbdI hai (citra 350 kh)| tIrthaMkara pratimA (34; U~cAI 18 seM0 mI0; kAMsya ; vAlA): vargAkAra pAdapITha para kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mAtra dhotI pahane hue haiM jisake sammukha bhAga meM paTaliyA~ hai aura pIche kA bhAga sapATa haiN| sira-bhAga dhar3a kI apekSA prAnupAtika rUpa meM kAphI bar3A pratIta hotA hai| aNDAkAra bhAmaNDala eka sAde vRttAkAra prabhA-maNDala ko AdhAra pradAna kiye hue hai jo pratimA ke sAtha hI DhalA huA hai yaha pratimA lagabhaga chaThavIM zatAbdI kI hai| RSabhanAtha kA caturvizati-paTTa (42; mApa 34458.5 seM. mI0, kAMsya, cAharadI (copar3A), jilA pUrva khAnadeza): tri-ratha pAdapITha para AdhArita dohare kamala puSpa para mUla-nAyaka kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiM / mUla-nAyaka eka sAdI dhotI pahane hue haiM jo unakI kaTi para mekhalA se challedAra gA~Tha se ba~dhI huI hai| unake kaMdhe sapATa haiM lekina ve ubhare hue hue nitaMboM aura golAkAra kamara kI tulanA meM caur3e haiN| ceharA caur3A hai tathA mukhAkRti bhalI-bhA~ti pratirUpita hai| unake bAla challoM meM prasAdhita haiM, Upara uSNISa meM Abaddha hai tathA kezoM kI laTeM kaMdhoM para laharA rahI haiM jinake AdhAra para hI unheM RSabhanAtha ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAtA hai| unakI A~kheM cA~dI se aura zrIvatsa-cihna svarNa-urekita hai / unake pAdapITha ko do siMha AdhAra pradAna kiye haiM jinake mukha donoM viparIta dizAoM kI ora haiM, madhya meM cakra hai jisake pArzva meM donoM prora hiraNa haiN| tri-tIrthI ke AdhAra para nava-grahoM ke Upara ke zarIrArdha aMkita haiN| unakA parikara ullekhanIya hai kyoMki tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora tIna baiThe hue tIrthaMkara laMba rUpa paMkti meM vyavasthita haiM aura zeSa tIrthaMkara cAra kSaitijika paMktiyoM meN| sabase UparI paMkti ke madhya meM pArzvanAtha ko eka devakoSTha meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara kI laMba rUpa paMkti ke donoM aora camaradhAriyoM ko tri-ratha pAdapITha se nissRta patra-puSpoM ke pAdapITha para khar3e hue dikhAyA gayA hai| nIce kI sataha para pAdapITha se nissRta padma-puSpoM para yakSa-yakSI baiThe hue haiM / dAyIM ora ke padma para yakSa lalitAsana-mudrA meM baiThA hai jisake sIdhe hAtha meM bIjapUraka tathA bAyeM hAtha meM nakula hai / bAyIM ora ke padma para yakSI baiThI hai jo apane dAyeM hAtha meM Amra-phaloM kA gucchA liye tathA bAyeM hAtha se apanI bAyIM goda meM baiThe bacce ko pakar3e hue hai| siroM para gaja-vyAla haiM tathA parikara ke UparI kinAre ke sAtha saMgItajJoM kI paMkti hai| zIrSa para karnATaka zailI kA tIna stara vAlA chatra hai / pAdapITha ke pRSThabhAga para eka abhilekha aMkita hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga nauvIM zatAbdI kI hai aura zailIgata rUpa meM yaha rASTrakUTa paraMparA se saMbaddha hai (citra 351) / 586

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya bAhubalI (105; mApa 17451 seM. mI0; kAMsya ; zravaNabelagolA) : eka bar3e pAdapITha se spaSTataH pRthak eka gola AdhAra para bAhubalI ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| bAhubalI ke kaMdhe kUcha caur3e haiM jabaki usakA dhar3a tathA hAtha-paira svAbhAvika rUpa ke pratirUpita haiM / usake aNDAkAra mukha para bhare hue gAla, ubharI huI nAka, suspaSTa hoMTha tathA kucha-kucha uThI huI bhauMheM aMkita haiN| kAna laMbe aura chidra-yukta haiN| bAla pIche kI ora kar3he hue haiM jo pIche kI ora laToM meM kuNDalita hokara unake kaMdhoM para laharA rahe haiN| eka kuNDalita latA jo kAphI udabhata rUpa se aMkita hai unake hAtha aura pairoM ke cAroM ora lipaTI haI hai| yaha pratimA AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI kI hai (citra 352) / yakSI (65.2; U~cAI 22.5 seM0 mI0; kAMsya; karnATaka): isa pratimA meM eka anAvRta vakSasthala vAlI nArI-AkRti ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai jo mAtra adhovastra dhAraNa kiye hai tathA atibhaMga-madrA meM eka vargAkAra pAdapITha para khar3I hai| vaha apane dAyeM hAtha meM camara dhAraNa kiye hai tathA bAyA~ hAtha eka staMbha para TikA huA hai| yaha staMbha dasa kalaza (?) staMbha pratIta hotA hai| usakI mukhAkRti Adya rUpa meM pratirUpita hai jisameM usakI nAka capaTI, hoMTha aura bhauMheM moTI haiN| usakA jUr3A vizada hai / usake dvArA pahane adhovastra kI pratIti bAyIM jaMghA ke Upara U~cAI ke sAtha uddhRta vastra ke eka chora ke aMkana tathA kaTi ke cAroM ora DorInumA mekhalA se hotI hai| vaha bhujabaMdha aura pAyala pahane hai (citra 353 k)| acihnita tIrthaMkara (67.7; U~cAI 15 seM0 mI0; pItala; pazcima-bhAratIya zailI; akoTA zailI): isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara siMhAsana para prAdhRta gaddI para dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe hue haiM / yadyapi mukhAkRti kucha-kucha khaNDita ho gayI hai tathApi vaha aNDAkAra hai, karNAna laMbe aura chidra-yukta haiM, sira para ubharA hA uSNISa hai| gardana kambu-grIva hai| unake pArzva meM yakSa aura yakSI haiN| yakSa apane hAtha meM nakula aura bIjapUraka liye hai tathA yakSI Amra-vRkSa kI zAkhA pakar3e hai| tIrthaMkara kA vRttAkAra bhAmaNDala jo maNibhAkAra prakAra kA hai svatikAkAra staMbha-yukta do sAde staMbhoM para AdhArita hai| pAdapITha para donoM ora eka-eka dAnadAtA sahita dharma-cakra pramukhatA ke sAtha aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna tathA pAdapITha para navagrahoM ke aMkana kA abhAva hai| isa pratimA kI tithi saMvat 664 (san 887) hai| RSabhanAtha (67.6; mApa 23.3 seM. mI0 pItala ; pazcima-bhAratIya zailI, akoTA zailI) tIrthaMkara AvaraNa-sahita siMhAsana para dhyAna-mudrA meM baiThe haiM / mukhAkRti aAMzika rUpa se khaNDita ho cukI hai, A~kheM cA~dI nirmita haiM, kAna laMbe aura chidra yukta hai tathA uSNISa paryApta ubhAradAra hai / vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna aMkita hai| yakSa-yakSI pUrvokta pratimA kI bhA~ti hI aMkita haiN| parikara vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI aura prabhA-maNDala ke pArzva meM gaNadhara haiN| yaha pratimA dakSiNApatha-karnATaka zailI se udbhUta hai| isake lie nauvIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha athavA dasavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha kAla nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai (citra 353 kh)| 587

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 pArzvanAtha kI tri-tIthikA (67.12; U~cAI 15.5 seM0 mI0; pItala; pazcima-bhAratIya zailI, saMbhavataH vasaMtagar3ha) : isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara padma-puSpoM ke paTTa ke eka vizva-padma para dhyAnamadrA meM baiThe hae darzAye gaye haiN| tIrthaMkara kA makha-maNDala vargAkAra hai, unake laMbe kAna kaMdhe ko cha rahe haiM tathA uSNISa pramukha rUpa se pradarzita hai| unake pArzva meM dAyIM ora RSabhanAtha tathA bAyIM ora mahAvIra kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiM jinake zIrSa ke pIche aNDAkAra bhAmaNDala hai| unake parikara kI anya AkRtiyoM meM yakSa dharaNeMdra tathA yakSI padamAvatI haiN| pAdapITha para cakra aMkita hai jisake donoM ora hiraNa haiN| yaha pratimA lagabhaga 1050 kI hai (citra 354 k)| caitya-gRha (57.14; mApa 20x12433 seM0 mI0 pItala; gujarAta) yaha pratimA eka AyatAkAra maMdira ke rUpa meM hai| isa maMdira meM AdhAra-bhittiyA~ tathA kalaza-maNDita zikhara hai| AdhAra-bhAga ke keMdravartI koSTha meM eka yakSI pratiSThita hai tathA donoM kinAroM para dAnadAtAoM kI prAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiN| AdhAra para nava-graha bhI aMkita haiN| prAkAra meM do dvAra haiN| guMbada-bhAga ke madhyavartI koSTha meM sarasvatI kI pratimA pratiSThita hai jisake pArzva meM donoM ora eka-eka gaja aMkita hai| isa prakAra ke choTe-choTe maMdira ghara ke aMdara parivAra ke kula-devoM kI upAsanA ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se pAye jAte rahe haiN| isa pratimA kA kAla lagabhaga satrahavIM zatAbdI hai (citra 354 kh)| motIcaMdra sadAziva gorakSakara rAjasthAna ke saMgrahAlaya jaina TrasTa, sirohI rAjasthAna meM jaina kAMsya-pratimAnoM kA sabase prAraMbhika kAla kA bhaNDAra sirohI jile ke piNDavAr3a ke samIpa vasaMtagar3ha meM prApta huA thaa| isa bhaNDAra kI pratimAe~ isa samaya sirohI ke jaina TrasTa ke adhIna haiN| isa bhaNDAra se kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaroM kI do vizAla svataMtra pratimAeM prApta huI thIM jinameM se eka pratimA AdinAtha kI hai| AdinAtha kI pratimA meM unake keza-gucchoM ko kaMdhoM para laharAte hue darzAyA gayA hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga 1.06 mITara U~cI hai| dUsarI pratimA ke pAdapITha para vikrama saMvat 744 kA abhilekha aMkita hai jisake anusAra isa pratimA kA nirmANa zivanAga dvArA samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra aura samyak darzana ko prApta karane ke lie karAyA gayA thaa| isa bhaNDAra se kucha anya kAMsya pratimAe~ bhI upalabdha huI haiM jinameM sarasvatI kI eka pratimA ullekhanIya hai| sarasvatI apane dAyeM hAtha meM kamalanAla aura bAyeM hAtha meM pANDulipi dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| unakA mukuTa vizada aura alaMkRta hai jisake zIrSa para sUrya-cakra aura donoM kinAroM para makara-mukha binduoM se yukta paridhi ke AkAra kA unakA bhAmaNDala uttara aura pazcima bhArata ke bhAmaNDaloM ke anurUpa hai| isakI kucha kAMsya pratimAe~ AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI kI bhI haiN| 588

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adhyAya 381 bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : tri-tIthikA (aMkAI-taMkAI) (kha) priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : paMca-tIthikA (aMkAI-taMkAI) citra 347

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 prisa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : yakSa dharaNeMdra (karnATaka) citra 348 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) priMsa oNpha velpa saMgrahAlaya : mahAvIra (karnATaka) (kha) priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : mahAvIra kI eka-tIthikA (viravA) citra 349

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) priMsa oNfa vatsa saMgrahAlaya : camaradhArI (rAjasthAna) (kha) priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya-mUrti (vAlA) citra 350

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya SAVE DIS (Sof ATH priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : kAMsya-nirmita RSabhanAtha sahita caturviMzati-paTTa (cahAradI) citra 351

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 priMsa maoNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : gommaTezvara kI kAMsya-mUrti (zravaNabelagolA) citra 352

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : yakSI kI kAMsya-mUrti (karnATaka) (kha) priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI pItala kI mUrti (pazcima bhArata) citra 353

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 (ka) priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya nirmita tri-tIthikA (kadAcit vasaMtagar3ha) (kha) priMsa oNfa velsa saMgrahAlaya : pItala se nirmita caitya-gRha (gujarAta) citra 354

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya MINISTRICTRICCCCCOR bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kAMsya-mUti (amarasara) citra 355

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) pAhAr3a saMgrahAlaya : tIrthakara kI kAMsya-mUrti kA dhar3a (pAhAr3a) (kha) udayapura saMgrahAlaya : kubera (bA~sI) citra 356 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (kha) bharatapura saMgrahAlaya : sarvatobhadra (ka) jodhapura saMgrahAlaya : jIvaMtasvAmI citra 357

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) bharatapura saMgrahAlaya : tIrthakara neminAtha (rAjastha na) (kha) jayapura saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara munisuvrata (narahada) citra 358

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya meM eka darjana jaina kAMsya-pratimAe~ saMrakSita haiM jo use amarasara se prApta huI haiN| ina pratimAoM meM camaradhArI kI eka pratimA kalAtmaka dRSTi se atyaMta AkarSaka hai| dUsarI ullekhanIya pratimA padmAsana pArzvanAtha kI hai jise yahA~ (citra 355) para prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / saMgrahAlaya meM bIkAnera jile ke pallU nAmaka sthAna se prApta saMgamaramara se nirmita sarasvatI kI do prasiddha pratimAnoM meM se eka pratimA bhI saMrakSita hai jo cAhamAna-kalA kI eka utkRSTa kalAkRti hai (dvitIya bhAga meM citra 154 aura isa bhAga meM citra 337) / AhAr3a saMgrahAlaya, udayapura pAhAr3a (udayapura ke nikaTa prAghATapura) prAraMbhika madhyakAla meM jaina kalA kA keMdra rahA pratIta hotA hai / aAja se lagabhaga tIsa sAla pUrva yahA~ para khudAI meM eka prAraMbhika madhyakAlIna jaina pratimA prApta huI thI jo isa samaya pAhAr3a ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| yaha pratimA padmAsana tIrthaMkara kI hai jo AkAra meM mAnava kI U~cAI se kahIM adhika hai (citra 356 k)| pratApa saMgrahAlaya, udayapura pratApa saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI meM nirmita aMbikA yakSI kI eka zIrSa-vihIna pratimA ullekhanIya hai / yaha sthAnIya hare-nIle pArevA patthara meM utkIrNa hai| yaha pratimA udayapura jile ke jagata nAmaka sthAna se prApta huI hai| aMbikA apane dAyeM hAtha meM Amra-guccha dhAraNa kiye hai aura bAyeM hAtha se apanI goda meM baiThe zizu ko| isa pratimA meM koI bhI jaina pratIka aMkita nahIM hai| isa saMgrahAlaya meM jaina kubera kI eka durlabha pratimA bhI hai (citra 356 kha) aura yaha bhI hare-nIle pArevA patthara se nirmita hai jisakA racanA-kAla AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha pratimA cittaur3a jile ke bA~sI nAmaka sthAna se prApta huI hai| isa pratimA meM kubera ko baiThI huI mudrA meM dAyeM hAtha meM bIjapUraka tathA bAyeM hAtha meM nakulaka (thailI) liye hue dikhAyA gayA hai| hAthI ko usake nIce aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kubera ke ghugharAle bAloM ke Upara AkarSaka mukuTa hai jisapara tIrthaMkara kI laghu AkRti tathA vaisI hI eka anya prAkRti jar3I huI hai| jodhapura saMgrahAlaya jodhapura saMgrahAlaya meM dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM nirmita jIvaMtasvAmI kI eka atyaMta utkRSTa pratimA (citra 357 ka) pradarzita hai / yaha kRti nAgapura jile ke khimvasara nAmaka sthAna se prApta huI hai| yaha pratimA atyaMta kalAtmaka aura bhalI-bhA~ti surakSita hai| isa saMgrahAlaya meM bArahavIM zatAbdI kI eka jaina mahiSamardinI-pratimA bhI saMrakSita hai| zveta saMgamaramara se nirmita isa devI-pratimA ko isake pAdapITha para aMkita vikrama saMvat 1237 ke abhilekha meM saccikA kahA gayA hai| abhilekha 589

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 meM yaha bhI ullikhita hai ki yaha pratimA jaina sAdhviyoM kI pramukha sAdhvI dvArA pratiSThita kI gayI thI / yahA~ yaha ullekha karanA upayukta rahegA ki upakeza-gaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra jaina AcArya ratnaprabha sUrI ne mahiSamardinI ko saccikA ke nAma se jaina devazAstra meM pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| yaha devI prosiyA ke samakAlIna jaina maMdira meM pratiSThita saciyA-mAtA se pRthak koI anya devI nahIM hai jisakI upAsanA Aja bhI kI jAtI hai| (dvitIya bhAga meM pRSTha 255 dekhie-sNpaadk)| bharatapura saMgrahAlaya bharatapura saMgrahAlaya meM AdinAtha kI eka sarvatobhadra pratimA saMrakSita hai jo mUrtiparaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| kAyotsarga tIrthakara (citra 357 kha) kI yaha pratimA cAroM dizAoM se samavasaraNa kI jaina paraMparA ke anurUpa dikhAI detI hai| tIrthaMkara ke keza challoM ke rUpa meM prasAdhita haiN| isa saMgrahAlaya meM neminAtha kI bhI eka pratimA hai jisake pAdapITha para zaMkha kA cihna aMkita hai (citra 358 k)| DUMgarapura ArTa gailarI isa saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita pratimAoM meM AdinAtha kI padmAsana pratimA ullekhanIya hai| sthAnIya pArevA patthara se nirmita yaha pratimA prAraMbhika madhyakAla (sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI) kI kalAkRti hai / ajamera saMgrahAlaya AdinAtha kI eka vizAla pratimA kA prAvakSa bhAga isa saMgrahAlaya kI eka ullekhanIya kRti hai jo chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI kI hai| yaha pratimA zeragar3ha (dhaulapura, bharatapura jilA) se prApta huI hai| tIrthaMkara ke mAthe para phire hue keza-guccha, sira para bAloM ke challe aura Upara jaTAe~, sira ke pIche aNDAkAra bhAmaNDala Adi pratimA ke kalAtmaka aMkana kI kalA-cAturI kA pradarzana karate haiN| saMgrahAlaya meM eka zIrSa-vihIna pArzvanAtha kI pratimA bhI hai jo prAraMbhika madhyakAla kI kRti pratIta hotI hai| keMdrIya saMgrahAlaya, jayapura jayapUra ke kendrIya saMgrahAlaya meM prAraMbhika madhyakAlIna, kAle patthara kI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara kI AkarSaka pratimA apanA pramukha sthAna rakhatI hai| yaha pratimA (citra 358 kha) pilAnI ke nikaTa narahada se prApta haI hai| narahada se prApta aneka pratimAe~ naI dillI ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita haiN| ratna candra agravAla 590

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adhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya prAMdhra-pradeza ke saMgrahAlaya rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda haidarAbAda ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM oMgole jile ke bapatalA sthAna se upalabdha gyAraha kAMsyapratimAe~ saMrakSita haiM / ye pratimAe~ nauvIM zatAbdI kI haiN| inameM ullekhanIya pratimAe~ nimnAMkita haiM : eka pratimA meM tIrthaMkara vardhamAna ko dhyAna-mudrA meM yakSa aura yakSI ke madhya baiThe darzAyA gayA hai| inake camaradhArI Upara aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke bhAmaNDala ke Upara tiharA chatra hai| pratimA para nauvIM zatAbdI kA kannar3a lipi meM eka abhilekha aMkita hai / eka dUsarI pratimA meM eka alaMkRta siMhAsana para tIrthaMkara neminAtha ko baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai jinake zIrSa ke pIche bhAmaNDala aMkita hai| aAmra-vRkSa ke patte ati vizada rUpa se utkIrNa haiM jisake nIce unakI yakSI aMbikA ko zizu sahita darzAyA gayA hai| bhAmaNDala ke zIrSa para tiharA chatra aMkita hai| isa pratimA-samUha meM neminAtha kI eka anya dUsarI pratimA bhI hai| anya pratimAoM meM vardhamAna kI eka aura anya pratimA, pArzvanAtha aura eka vidyAdevI kI pratimA hai| vidyAdevI kI pratimA ke atirikta anya pratimAoM meM kalAtmaka dRSTi se kucha vizeSa ullekhanIya nahIM hai| vidyAdevI eka galahAra tathA eka moTA-sA yajJopavIta pahane hai| usakI bAyIM bhajA meM vINA tathA dAyIM bhajA meM mijarAba hai| usake keza eka paMkhe ke AkAra meM vyavasthita haiN| aMbikA yakSI kI pratimA kA bhI vizeSa rUpa se ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai jo atyaMta yathArtha rUpa meM utkIrNa hai| isake triparNa toraNa meM neminAtha aMkita haiN| Amra-vRkSa ko atyaMta kalAtmaka DhaMga se utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai / aMbikA aneka AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kiye hue hai jo vizeSa rUpa se rASTrakUTa zailI ke haiN| isa saMgrahAlaya meM aura bhI aneka jaina pratimAe~ haiM jo aneka mahattvapUrNa jaina keMdroM se prApta kI gayI haiN| jinameM se hama yahA~ para pATanaceruvu se prApta bAhubalI (citra 356 ka) kI AkarSaka pratimA kA ullekha kara sakate haiN| yaha pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai jisake hAtha aura pairoM ke cAroM ora latAe~ lipaTI huI haiN| latAoM ke chora donoM pAryoM meM Upara kI ora nikale hue aura parivata haiM / bAhubalI ke pArzva meM yakSiyA~ (athavA bAhubalI kI bahaneM?)sajIva aura AkarSaka haiN| yakSiyA~ apane eka hAtha se latA ke tane ko pakar3e hue haiM tathA dUsarA hAtha kaTyavalaMbita mudrA meM hai / svastika cihna hIre ke rUpa meM AlaMkArika DhaMga se utkIrNa hai aura bhAmaNDala padma ke AkAra meM / isa pratimA kI tithi lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI hai| dUsarI eka ullekhanIya pratimA mahAvIra (citra 356 kha) kI hai jisake cAroM ora anya teIsa tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| isa pratimA para kannar3a lipi meM likhe abhilekha ke anusAra yaha pratimA, jisakA zIrSa khaNDita ho cukA hai, bhI atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai / aMbikA bhadrAsana meM baiThI huI hai tathA eka laMbI jaMjIra, galahAra aura valayoM Adi ko dhAraNa kiye tathA eka Amra-guccha ko pakar3e hue hai| eka anya mahattvapUrNa pratimA sarasvatI (citra 360) kI hai jisakA kamanIya rUpAkAra tathA pratibhaMgoM kI lacIlI mudrA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / vaha sabhI prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM 591

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 se alaMkRta hai / isa pratimA ke parikara meM aneka choTI-choTI AkRtiyA~ aMkita haiM / bhAmaNDala ke UparI bhAga meM tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ haiM jinheM pAliza kiye binA hI chor3a diyA gayA hai jabaki sarasvatI kI pratimA para bhalI-bhA~ti pAliza kI gayI hai| pratimA para devanAgarI lipi meM 1978 (bArahavIM zatAbdI) kA abhilekha aMkita hai / pATanaceruvu se eka zikharayukta caumukha pratimA bhI prApta huI hai / nijAmAbAda jaina dharma kA eka mahattvapUrNa keMdra rahA hai jahA~ se pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA prApta huI hai jisameM mahApuruSoM ke samasta lakSaNa haiM / isa sthAna se anya aneka pratimAe~ bhI prApta huI haiN| gulabargA jaina dharma kA eka anya ullekhanIya keMdra rahA hai jahA~ se isa saMgrahAlaya ko pArzvanAtha kI eka kAyotsarga pratimA prApta huI hai / pArzvanAtha ke zIrSa para pA~ca phaNI nAga chatra tathA usake Upara tiharA chatra hai aura tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM camaradhAriyoM kI pratimAe~ haiM / isa pratimA para aMkita abhilekha meM ise pArzvanAtha (pArzva deva ) kI pratimA batAyA gayA hai / lipizAstra ke AdhAra para isa pratimA kA kAla bArahavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / dharmavaram, jahA~ para eka jaina maMdira rahA thA, se aneka jaina pratimAe~ pAyI gayI haiM / yahA~ se prApta eka caumukha pratimA isa saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita hai / isa caumukha pratimA ke cAroM mukhoM meM se pratyeka mukha tIna phalakoM meM vibhAjita hai aura pratyeka phalaka meM do-do tIrthaMkara aMkita haiM / isa prakAra tIrthaMkaroM kI kula saMkhyA caubIsa hai ataH yaha eka prakAra se caturviMzati - paTTa ( citra 361 ka ) hai / ye pratimAeM kama ubhAradAra uddhRta haiM / isa pratimA para abhilekha bhI utkIrNa hai jo pratyaMta dhUmila par3a cukA hai / kucha AkarSaka jaina pratimAeM purAtattva evaM saMgrahAlayoM ke nidezaka ke kAryAlaya parisara meM bhI pradarzita haiM jinameM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ullekhanIya hai / yaha pratimA 62 seM0 mI0 U~cI hai jisameM tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e haiM aura unake pIche kuNDalita nAga hai jo apane sapta phaNI nAga - chatra se unake Upara chAyA kara rahA hai / nAga chatra ke Upara eka tiharA chatra hai / isa pratimA ke caukhaTe para teIsa tIrthaMkara yogamudrA meM aMkita haiM / pArzvanAtha ke pairoM ke pAsa pArzva meM eka ora puruSa aura dUsarI ora mahilA camaradhArI sevaka haiM; tathA do anya camaradhArI puruSa sevaka tIrthaMkara ke kaMdhoM ke samIpa utkIrNa makaroM para khar3e hue haiM / lagabhaga 70 seM0 mI0U~cI caMdraprabha kI pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko padmAsana - mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| jinake hAtha yoga mudrA meM haiM / unake bAla choTe-choTe challoM meM prasAdhita haiM tathA karNAgra laMbe haiM / pAdapITha ke madhya meM caMdramA aMkita hai / pratimA para telugu - kannar3a lipi meM utkIrNa abhilekha ke AdhAra para isa pratimA ke lie gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / 592 For Private Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya khajAnA bilDiMga myUjiyama, golakuNDA isa saMgrahAlaya kI jaina pratimAoM meM eka apUrNa zilA-phalaka hai jisake AdhAra-bhAga meM donoM ora do camaradhArI sevakoM ko khar3e hue (citra 361 kha) dikhAyA gayA hai| kucha ajJAta kAraNoM se isa phalaka ke madhya meM mukhya pratimA ko utkIrNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| makara-mukha se nissata triparNalatA kI DijAina sahita zrRMga-zIrSa se nikalI laMbI nAloM ke zIrSoM para tIrthaMkaroM ko padamAsanamudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| makara-toraNa ke madhya meM padmAsana-mudrA meM tIna tIrthaMkara baiThe haiN| eka pratimA meM AdinAtha ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai| yaha pratimA 1.53 mITara UMcI hai| unake pArzva meM do hAthI haiM jo tIrthaMkara ke Upara chatra tAne hue haiN| unake sira ke pIche bhAmaNDala hai, karNAgra laMbe haiM aura ve makara-kuNDaloM se alaMkRta haiN| bAla choTe-choTe challoM meM prasAdhita haiN| vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna hai| nicale bhAga meM donoM aura do sevaka tathA ghuTanoM ke bala baiThe do upAsaka haiM / yaha pratimA bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| kAle besAlTa patthara kI eka pratimA meM pArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e hae dikhAyA gayA hai jinake Upara saptaphaNI nAga-chatra chAyA kara rahA hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora makaroM ke pIche do camaradhArI sevaka khar3e haiN| DolarAiTa pASANa meM utkIrNa 1.5 mITara U~cI pArzvanAtha kI eka anya kAyotsarga-pratimA bhI hai| isameM bhI tIrthaMkara ke zIrSa para saptaphaNI nAga-chatra hai| tIrthakara ke pArzva meM nIce eka ora yakSa tathA dUsarI ora yakSI baiThI hai| kAle besAlTa patthara se nirmita 1.63 mITara U~cI aisI hI pArzvanAtha kI eka anya pratimA hai jo bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| gulAbI balue patthara meM utkIrNa mahAvIra kI eka vizAla pratimA bhI ullekhanIya hai| mahAvIra padmAsana meM baiThe haiM aura unake hAtha dhyAna-mudrA meM haiN| unake sira ke pIche sAdA bhAmaNDala hai| pratimA kI U~cAI 1.73 mITara hai| yaha pratimA saMbhavata: dasavIM zatAbdI kI hai| 75 seM. mI. U~cI supArzvanAtha kI pratimA meM unheM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| unake pIche kuNDalIbaddha sarpa uddhRta rUpa se utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| anya tIrthaMkaroM ko unake pArzva meM laMbarUpa paMktiyoM meM darzAyA gayA hai| nIce ke bhAga meM yakSa-yakSI haiN| yaha pratimA bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| kAle besAlTa patthara meM utkIrNa bAhubalI kI pratimA meM unheM kAyotsarga-madrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai jinake pairoM ke cAroM ora latAe~ lipaTI huI haiN| yaha pratimA 1.73 mITara UMcI hai| kAle besAsTa patthara meM bhalI-bhA~ti pAliza kI huI mallinAtha kI pratimA meM unheM kAyotsargamadrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| unake pArzva meM donoM aura do sevaka khar3e haiN| unake vakSa para zrI-vatsa cihna suspaSTa hai| bAla challoM meM vyavasthita haiM aura unake laMbe karNAgroM meM zaMkha-kuNDala haiN| pratimA kI U~cAI 1.43 mITara hai aura isakA samaya bArahavIM zatAbdI hai| 593

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 haidarAbAda se lagabhaga 20 kilomITara dUra sthita cilukuru nAmaka eka prasiddha jaina vasadi se lAyI gayI pArzvanAtha kI eka vizAlakAya pratimA bhI isa saMgrahAlaya kI ullekhanIya jaina pratimA hai| yaha pratimA 3.25 mITara U~cI hai jisameM tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiN| yaha pratimA balue patthara se nirmita hai| mukhAkRti kA pratirUpaNa atyaMta AkarSaka hai| unake bAla ghaMgharAle tathA karNAgra laMbe haiN| sira ke upara nAga-phaNa chatra hai| pratimA kA bAyA~ hAtha naSTa ho cukA hai| eka anya pratimA meM mahAvIra ko atyaMta AkarSaka rUpa se utkIrNa dikhAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara padmAsana-mudrA meM baiThe haiM jinake hAtha dhyAna-mudrA meM haiN| kAle besAlTa patthara meM utkIrNa yaha pratimA bhalI-bhA~ti pAliza kI huI hai / isakI U~cAI lagabhaga eka mITara hai| 75 seM. mI. U~cAI ke do camaradhArI tIrthakara ke pArzva meM donoM ora sthApita kiye jAne ke lie pRthak rUpa se utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| camaradhArI dAyeM hAthoM meM phala aura bAyeM hAthoM meM camara liye hue haiN| unake sira para suMdara mukuTa haiM jinameM hIremotI aura phaMdane alaMkRta dikhAye gaye haiN| ve cakra-kuNDala bhI pahane hue haiN| saMgrahAlaya meM abhilekhAMkita grenAiTa patthara ke kucha phalaka bhI haiM jinake zIrSa-bhAga para mahAvIra evaM pArzvanAtha tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiN| abhilekhoM meM bhUmi evaM udyAna ke dAna meM diye jAne kA ullekha hai| mohammada abdula vahIda khAna sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya meM jaina pratimAeM saMkhyA meM alpa hI haiM lekina ve ullekhanIya haiN| inameM se eka pratimA pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM kI hai jo kAle patthara meM utkIrNa hai| mUla nAyaka kAyotsargamudrA meM haiM aura unakI pratimA paryApta U~cI hai (citra 362 ka) / mUla nAyaka kI donoM ora pAdapITha ke Upara eka-eka tathA Upara kaMdhoM ke samIpa eka-eka tIrthaMkara baiThe hue haiN| ye samasta pratimAeM eka sAde AyatAkAra staMbha para uddhRta rUpa se utkIrNa haiN| mUla nAyaka kI pratimA staMbha ke madhya bhAga meM uddhRta rUpa se kATakara utkIrNa hai| mUla nAyaka ke sira ke pIche bhAmaNDala hai| unake sira ke samIpa donoM ora camaradhArI haiN| unake zIrSa ke Upara chatra hai jisakI sammukha ora kI paridhi phaMdanoM se alaMkRta hai| pairoM ke samIpa baiThe donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke Upara bhI chatra aMkita haiN| yaha pratimA lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai| isake pAdapITha para kannar3a lipi meM eka abhilekha hai| batAyA jAtA hai. yaha pratimA karnATaka kI hai| pASANa meM vizadatA ke sAtha utkIrNa dUsarI pratimA karnATaka ke kUpbala nAmaka sthAna se upalabdha lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai (citra 362 kh)| pratimA ke sammukha-bhAga tathA UparI sire para laharadAra latAoM dvArA banAye gaye parivRttoM ke bIca teIsa tIrthaMkara baiThe hae darzAye gaye haiN| madhya 594

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya vartI bhAga meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA hai jinake pIche eka kuNDalita nAga hai jisake sAta phaNoM kA chatra unake sira para chAyA kara rahA hai| pAdapITha ke sammukha bhAga para kannar3a lipi kI vizeSatAoM vAlI lipi meM abhilekha aMkita hai / pAdapITha ke Upara tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM dAyIM ora dharaNeMdra yakSa tathA bAyIM ora padmAvatI yakSI kI pratimAe~ haiM / eka dhAtu nirmita pratimA meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga - mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai / tIrthaMkara ke pIche eka nAga hai jo apane nau phaNoM se unake zIrSa ke Upara chatra banAye hue hai / yaha pratimA pUrvokta donoM pASANa nirmita pratimAoM kI apekSA kucha kAla pUrva kI pratIta hotI hai / saMbhavataH yaha pratimA mahArASTra se upalabdha huI hai / tIrthaMkara ke puSTa aura vistRta kaMdhe, moTe hoMTha, caur3I aura laMbI nAka ke AdhAra para isa pratimA ko AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga athavA usake kucha bAda kA mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa saMgrahAlaya meM eka paMca-tIrthikA pratimA ( citra 363ka) bhI hai jisake pRSTha bhAga para saMvat 1453 (san 1396 ) kA abhilekha aMkita hai / isa abhilekha ke anusAra yaha pratimA prAgvATa jAti ke kucha saMghapatiyoM ne prasthApita karAyI thii| isake mUla nAyaka mahAvIra batAye jAte haiM / mahAvIra ke pArzva meM do kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara haiM aura unake donoM kinAroM para camaradhArI sevaka haiM / mahAvIra ko bhAmaNDala ko donoM ora do padmAsana tIrthaMkara haiM / mahAvIra ke siMhAsana ke donoM kinAroM para dAyIM ora yakSa aura bAyIM ora yakSI hai| pAdapITha ke, jisapara siMhAsana prAdhArita hai, keMdravartI sabase nicale chora para eka khaNDita prakRti hai / kAMsya nirmita eka caturviMzati-paTTa ke madhya bhAga meM siMhAsana para eka keMdravartI bar3I pratimA hai jo padmAsana mudrA meM hai / pAdapITha ke caur3e sammukha bhAga ke keMdra meM eka dharmacakra hai jisake pArzva meM do hiraNa haiM aura isake nIce zAMti devI kI prAkRti hai / siMhAsana ke donoM ora yakSa evaM yakSI haiM jinakI bagala meM kinAre kI ora gAyana-vAdana evaM nRtya meM rata gaMdharva haiM / zIrSa para maMgala kalaza hai / pRSTha-bhAga para aMkita abhilekha ke anusAra yaha pratimA saMvat 1530 (san 1473 ) meM pratiSThita kI gayI thI / eka aura caturviMzati-paTTa hai jo pUrvokta paTTa se paryApta uttarakAlIna hai / isa paTTa ke mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha haiM jo sapta-phaNI nAga chatra ke nIce padmAsana mudrA meM baiThe hue haiN| zeSa tIrthaMkara ekadUsare ke Upara kSaitajika phalakoM meM toraNa- yukta devakoSThoM meM pratiSThita haiM / isa pratimA kI ardhavRttAkAra toraNa- yukta bAhya saMracanA dakSiNa zailI ke vimAna kA saMketa detI hai / yaha kAMsya - pratimA lagabhaga aThArahavIM zatAbdI kI hai / 595 DI0 ena0 varmA

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 madhya pradeza ke saMgrahAlaya rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, dhubelA jilA chatarapura ke naugA~va ke samIpa dhubelA pailesa meM sthita rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM tIrthaMkaroM tathA unake zAsana devatAoM kI pacAsa se adhika pratimAeM haiM jo caMdela aura kalacuri kAla kI haiN| kalacurikAlIna pratimAeM mUlataH bhUtapUrva baghelakhaNDa riyAsata ke rIvA rAjya ke vibhinna sthAnoM se saMgrahIta kI gayI haiN| caMdelakAlIna adhikAMza pratimAeM isa saMgrahAlaya se lagabhaga eka kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita maUgA~va tathA samIpavartI jagatasAgara tAlAba se ekatrita kI gayI haiM / anya pratimAeM TIkamagar3ha, mohanagar3ha, naugAMva, garolI tathA jaso se prApta kI gayI haiN| maU tathA naugAMva se prApta pratimAeM maU aura jagatasAgara tAlAba se prApta pratimAeM grenAiTa patthara kI haiN| kucha pratimAoM ke pAdapITha para abhilekha aMkita haiM jo unakI racanA-tithi tathA dAna-dAtAoM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI pradAna karate haiM / ye abhilekha vikrama saMvat 1166 (san 1136) tathA saMvat 1220 (san 1163) ke madhya ke haiN| tIrthakara-pratimAeM : inameM se do RSabhanAtha kA aMkana hai jinameM ve kramaza: padamAsana (saMkhyA 11: mApa 51447 seM0 mI0) (citra 365 ka) tathA kAyotsarga-(26; U~cAI 1.12 seM. mI.) madrAoM meM haiN| padmAsana tIrthaMkara ke pAdapITha kA abhilekha saMvat 1203 (san 1146) kA hai jisake anusAra pAlhaNa, jo saMbhavataH koMce gotra kA thA, tathA rUpA jo saMbhavataH usakI patnI thI, dvArA isa pratimA kI upAsanA kI gayI thii| zAMtinAtha kI pratimA (24; U~cAI 1.60 mI0) meM tIthaMkara ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| unake vakSa para zrI-vatsa cihna aMkita hai (citra 365 kha) / pratimA ke donoM hAtha khaNDita ho cuke haiN| yaha pratimA jagatasAgara tAlAba se prApta huI batAyI jAtI hai / isake pAdapITha para cAra paMktiyoM kA saMvat 1203 (?) kA abhilekha hai / abhilekha kI do paMktiyA~ chaMdobaddha haiM jisake nIce gadya meM likhI paMktiyA~ haiM / isa abhilekha ke anusAra zAMtinAtha kI yaha pratimA golApUrva kula ke devasvAmI aura unake do putroM zubhacaMdra tathA udayacaMdra ne sthApita karAyI thii| Age batAyA gayA hai ki isa pratimA kI dumbara parivAra ke lakSmIdhara dvArA niyamita rUpa se upAsanA kI jAtI rhii| yaha pratimA madanavarman ke rAjyakAla meM sthApita huI thI jise nirApad rUpa se isI nAma ke caMdela zAsaka ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| kAle grenAiTa patthara se nirmita padmAsana-mudrA meM baiThe munisuvrata kI pratimA (42; mApa 28456 seM. mI0) kA UparI bhAga khaNDita hai| isake pAdapITha para saMskRta meM tIna paMktiyoM kA abhilekha aMkita hai jisake manusAra yaha pratimA golApUrva kula ke kisI sulhaNa ne saMvat 1116 (san 1062) meM pratiSThApita 596

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) rAjya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda : gommaTezvara (pATanaceruvu) (kha) rAjya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (pATanaceruvu) citra 359

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saMgrahAlayoM maiM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 MEENA PINti sIsvArasthItItarAma sitalAva vAvAgajAkAyata vitadiiaGHAR sahavAnAmeraThA sApAlAmavAzAlA PASSETO rAjya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda : sarasvatI (pATanaceruvu) citra 360 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) rAjya saMgrahAlaya, haidarAbAda : caturvizati-paTTa (dharmavaram) BBCRI (kha) khajAnA bilDiga saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara kI eka apUrNa mUrti kA parikara citra 361

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10. (ka) sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : paMca-tIthikA (kha) sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (kumbala) citra 362

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bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya adhyAya 38] (ka) sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (mahArASTra) (kha) sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : kAMsya-nimita paMca-tIthikA citra 363

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 (ka) sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : kAMsya-nirmita caturviMzati-paTTa (kha) sAlArajaMga saMgrahAlaya : pArzvanAtha sahita kAMsya-nirmita caturviMzati-paTTa citra 364 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : RSabhanAtha (maU) (kha) dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha (maU) citra 365

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : yakSI cakrezvarI (khajurAho ?) (kha) dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : maMdira kI anukRti (naugA~va) citra 366

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya karAyI thii| bhare grenAiTa patthara se nirmita (26; mApa 1.15436 seM0 mI0) tIrthaMkara ko kAyotsargamudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| tIthaMkara ke vakSa para zrI-vatsa cihna aMkita hai / isake pAdapITha para lAMchana (nIle?) padma kA aMkana hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki ye tIrthaMkara naminAtha haiN| neminAtha kI bhI eka pratimA (7) hai jo zIrSavihIna hai tathA cAra Tukar3oM meM khaNDita hai / isake pAdapITha ke abhilekha ke anusAra yaha pratimA saMvat 1166 (san 1142) meM golApUrva kula ke malhaNa dvArA pratiSThApita karAyI gayI thii| neminAtha kI do anya pratimAeM aura bhI haiM jo kramazaH saMvat 1196 tathA 1220 / eka zIrSahIna padmAsana pratimA (8; mApa 77464 seM0 mI0) eka tIrthaMkara kI hai jisakI pahacAna nahIM ho sakI aura jisake pAdapITha para aMkita abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isakI pratiSThApanA paravADa-kula meM janme kisI vyakti ne kI thii| maU se prApta anya pratimAoM (6, 10, 25, 30 Adi) meM tIrthaMkaroM ko padmAsana tathA kAyotsarga-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai jinheM lAMchana ke abhAva meM pahacAnA nahI jA sakA hai| kisI vizAla pratimA kA eka khaNDita sira (14) bhI isa saMgrahAlaya meM upalabdha hai jisakI U~cAI 53 seM. mI. hai| yakSI-pratimAeM : isa saMgrahAlaya meM cakrezvarI yakSI kI tIna tathA aMbikA yakSI kI eka pratimA hai / cakrezvarI kI eka pratimA (46; U~cAI 67 seM0 mI0) maU meM prApta huI batAyI jAtI hai| pratIta hotA hai ki yaha pratimA kisI prakAra khajurAho se AI hogii| AbhUSaNoM se atyaMta alaMkRta yaha cartubhujI yakSI apane vAhana garuDa para lalitAsana-mudrA meM baiThI huyI hai| usake UparI hAthoM meM cakra haiM aura nicale dAyeM aura bAyeM hAthoM meM kramazaH akSamAlA evaM phala hai (citra 366 ka) / dUsarI pratimA (17) meM cakrezvarI ke nicale bAyeM hAtha meM zaMkha tathA UparI donoM hAthoM meM cakra darzAye gaye haiN| cakrevazrI kI tIsarI pratimA (41) dUsarI pratimA kI bhA~ti hI hai lekina yaha usase adhika sughar3a hai| yakSI aMbikA kI pratimA (45; U~cAI 67 seM. mI.) meM use apane zizuoM tathA vAhana sahita Amra-vRkSa ke nIce baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| usake zIrSa ke UparI bhAga meM neminAtha kI eka lagha pratimA utkIrNa hai| anya pratimAe~ : isa saMgrahAlaya meM laghu devAlaya ke AkAra kI do pratimAeM haiM (1; mApa 56436 seM0 mI0, evaM 2, 60466 seM0 mI0) (citra 366 kh)| inameM padmAsana aura kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ko pratiSThita dikhAyA gayA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki ye pratimAeM naugA~va se AyI haiN| naugA~va se eka pAdapITha bhI prApta huA hai jisapara lalitAsana-mudrA meM baiThI eka caturbhajI devI kI pratimA aMkita hai jisake pArzva meM eka aora hAthI aura dUsarI ora siMha dikhAye gaye haiN| devI apane dAyeM UparI aura nicale hAtha meM kramazaH eka kamala aura akSamAlA tathA bAyeM hAthoM meM kramazaH pANDulipi aura kamaNDalu liye hue hai| TIkamagar3ha aura mohanagar3ha se prApta pratimAeM buMdelakhaNDa ke aMtargata TIkamagar3ha tathA mohanagar3ha (jilA TIkamagar3ha, buMdelakhaNDa) se prApta cAra pratimAe~ isa saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN| inameM se mohanagar3ha se prApta neminAtha kI pratimA (4; 597

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 mApa 166108 seM0 mI0) ullekhanIya hai / isa pratimA meM eka ucca pAdapITha para tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM baiThe haiM jinake samIpa anekoM devatA unakI sevA meM saMlagna haiM / dUsarI pratimA ( 37 ) RSabhanAtha kI eka pratimA kA AdhAra bhAga hai / isake alaMkRta pAdapITha para tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana vRSabha, tathA donoM kinAroM para unake yakSa gomukha tathA yakSI cakrezvarI kI laghu prAkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / garolI tathA jaso se prApta pratimAe~ garolI se prApta do pratimAe~ (33; U~cAI 78 seM0 mI0 tathA 35, U~cAI 60 seM0 mI0 ) isa saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / ye donoM pratimAe~ kAyotsarga zAMtinAtha kI haiN| inameM se pahalI pratimA sapheda balue patthara kI tathA dUsarI lAla balue patthara kI / donoM hI pratimAoM para tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana hiraNa aMkita hai| dUsarI pratimA para eka zilpakAra kA cihna bhI aMkita hai / jaso se lAla balue patthara kI cAra pratimAe~ (12 se 15; pratyeka kI U~cAI 58 seM0 mI0) prApta huI haiM / ye pratimAe~ caturviMzati-paTTa haiM jinapara kAyotsarga prathavA padmAsana mudrA meM caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM (citra 367 ka ) / bhUtapUrva rIvA rAjya se prApta pratimAeM purAne rIvA rAjya se prApta samasta pratimAe~ balue patthara se nirmita haiM aura ye kalacuri kalA kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM, ye pratimAe~ vastutaH kisa kSetra se saMbaMdhita haiM yaha abhI taka jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai / tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ : ina pratimAoM meM RSabhanAtha kI do pratimAeM haiM jinameM se eka pratimA(38, U~cAI 1.30 mI0) meM RSabhanAtha ko tihare chatra ke nIce padmAsana mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai / zveta balue patthara kI isa utkRSTa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ke sira ke pRSTha bhAga meM kamaloM kA bhAmaNDala tathA vakSa para zrI vatsa cihna aMkita hai / tIrthaMkara kI jaTAe~ kaMdhoM para laharA rahI haiM / pAdapITha para do siMhoM ke madhya meM caturbhujI cakrezvarI kI eka laghu prakRti aMkita hai jo apane UparI donoM hAthoM meM cakra dhAraNa kiye hue hai / eka anya pratimA ( 34 ) meM eka bhinna prakAra kA kezavinyAsa dikhAyA gayA hai / neminAtha kI eka pratimA (40, U~cAI 1.14 mI0) meM jo saMbhavata: zahaDola se prApta huI hai, tIrthaMkara ko padmAsana mudrA meM eka ucca pAdapITha para baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai (citra 367 kha) / unake Upara tIna paMktiyoM meM ikkIsa tIrthaMkara baiThe hue haiM / aura eka-eka tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga - mudrA meM mUlanAyaka kI donoM zrora hAthiyoM ke pAsa aMkita haiM / pratimA ke alaMkRta pAdapITha para mUla nAyaka kA lAMchana zaMkha aMkita hai / pAdapITha ke kinAroM para yakSa gomedha aura yakSI aMbikA upAsikAtroM ke sAtha aMkita haiN| khar3I huI mudrA meM aMbikA kI prakRti ullekhanIya hai / aMbikA zrAmravRkSa ke nIce apane vAhana siMha sahita khar3I huI hai / isa saMgrahAlaya meM 598

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya pArzvanAtha kI pA~ca pratimAeM haiM jinameM se do padmAsana tathA tIna kAyotsarga - mudrA meM haiM / inameM se eka pratimA (41; U~cAI 1.30 mI0) meM tIrthaMkara sapta-phaNI nAga chatra ke nIce padamAsana mudrA meM baiThe hue haiN| usake pAdapITha para AsIna yakSI padmAvatI aMkita hai jisake samIpa usakI sevA meM tatpara bhakti- mudrA meM hAtha jor3e nAgiyA~ khar3I huI haiN| pArzvanAtha kI eka dUsarI pratimA (39; U~cAI 1.20 mI0) meM unheM padmAsana mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai / unake vakSa para zrI vatsa cihna kA abhAva hai / pArzvanAtha kI tInoM kAyotsarga pratimAe~ (27, 28, 31, U~cAI kramaza: 126, 137, tathA 125 seM mI0) lAla balue patthara se nirmita haiM / pArzvanAtha kI do anya pratimAoM ( 28 ra 29 ) meM kAyotsarga pArzvanAtha kI bagala meM cAra padmAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu zrAkRtiyA~ aMkita kI gayI haiM / sarvatobhadrakA: isa saMgrahAlaya meM do sarvatobhadrikA pratimAe~ bhI haiN| pahalI sarvatobhadrikA pratimA (204; U~cAI 1.20 mI0) meM zikhara-bhAga para padmAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI AkRtiyA~ aMkita haiM ( citra 368 ka ) / pratimA kI cAroM satahoM para padmAsana mudrA meM RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha baiThe haiN| dUsarI sarvatobhadrikA pratimA meM cAroM ora RSabhanAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI pratimAe~ haiM / yakSa - yakSI pratimAe~: isa saMgrahAlaya meM aisI pA~ca pratimAe~ ( 16 se 23; U~cAI 55 se 68 seM0mI0, ) haiM jinameM yakSa gomedha aura yakSI aMbikA ko grAmra vRkSa ke nIce lalitAsana - mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai / AmravRkSoM para padmAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu AkRtiyA~ bhI darzAyI gayI haiN| inameM se eka pratimA ( 23 ) meM kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara kI cAra aura laghu AkRtiyA~ aMkita kI gayI haiM / ina sabhI pratimAoM meM aMbikA ko sadaiva apanI goda meM zizu ko liye hue dikhAyA gayA hai| eka anya pratimA ( 18 mApa 74468 seM0 mI0) meM zItalanAtha ke yakSa brahmA ko darzAyA gayA hai / caturbhujI yakSa brahmA eka hAtha meM pANDulipi tathA dUsare hAtha meM kamala liye hue hai (citra 368 kha ) / keMdrIya purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, gvAliyara gvAliyara ke kile gUjarI mahala meM sthita keMdrIya purAtattva saMgrahAlaya meM lagabhaga pacAsa jaina pratimAe~ saMgRhIta haiM jo bhUtapUrva madhyabhArata ke gvAliyara rAjya ke vibhinna sthAnoM se prApta kI gayI haiM / ina pratimAnoM ko moTe taura para cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai : (1) guptakAlIna pratimAe~, (2) ve pratimAe~ jinake lie prAraMbhika madhyakAlIna samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai ( lagabhaga nauvIM aura dasavIM zatAbdI), (3) madhyakAlIna ( gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI) pratimAeM, (4) uttara madhyakAlIna ( gvAliyara ke tomara vaMza ke adhIna nirmita) pratimAe~ / guptakAlIna pratimAe~ guptakAlIna tIna jaina pratimAoM meM se do pratimAe~ kAyotsarga tIrthakaroM kI tathA tIsarI pratimA aMbikA yakSI kI hai / pahalI pratimA (33; U~cAI 1.66 mITara ) bAla caMdrajaina 599

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 vidizA ke nikaTa besanagara se prApta huI hai / yaha eka tIrthaMkara kI hai jisakI pahacAna nahIM ho sakI / kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara ke laMbarUpa hAtha ghuTanoM taka pahu~ce hue haiM aura kamala - kaliyoM para AdhArita haiM / unake ghuMgharAle bAla aura kucha uThA huA uSNISa ullekhanIya hai / tIrthaMkara ke sira ke pIche vRttAkAra bhAmaNDala hai jisakA keMdra bahudalIya kamala-yukta hai / bhAmaNDala kI paridhi ke bAhya sire para choTI mAlAe~ (phullikAe~) haiN| bhAmaNDala ke pArzva meM donoM ora mAlA - vAhaka gaMdharva ur3ate hue aMkita haiM / tIrthaMkara ke pairoM ke samIpa do bhakta ghuTanoM ke bala baiThe hue puSpamAlAeM arpita kara rahe haiM / ina upAsakoM ke sira khaNDita haiM / zailIgata AdhAra para isa pratimA ke lie lagabhaga pA~cavI zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA / dUsarI tIrthaMkara - pratimA ( 55; U~cAI 65 seM0 mI0 ) RSabhanAtha kA dhar3a-bhAga hai jo lazkara ( gvAliyara) se prApta kiyA gayA hai / tIsarI pratimA (46; mApa 33x42 se0 mI0) ko pArvatI ke rUpa meM pahacAnA gayA hai paraMtu saMbhavataH yaha devI jaina yakSI aMbikA hai kyoMki yaha devI AmravRkSa ke nIce apane vAhana siMha para baiThI dikhAI gayI hai| usakA kaniSTha zizu priyaMkara usakI bAyIM jA~gha para baiThA huA dikhAyA gayA hai / yaha pratimA gunA jile ke tumaina nAmaka sthAna se prApta kI gayI hai / isa pratimA kA samaya chaThI zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika kAla nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / AraMbhika madhyakAlIna pratimAe~: isa kAla kI pratimAe~ jo saMkhyA meM ATha haiM, baDoha (vidizA, ) terahI, gvAliyara ke kile tathA anya ajJAta sthAnoM se ekatrita kI gayI haiM / eka balue patthara kI pratimA ( 132 ; mApa 54444 seM0 mI0 ) meM do siMhoM para AdhArita maMca para kisI tIrthaMkara ko padmAsana mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha ke keMdra meM dharmacakra aura usake pArzva meM donoM ora hiraNa aMkita haiM / isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara kA zIrSa bhAga khaNDita hai / lAMchana ke prabhAva meM tIrthaMkara ko paha cAnA nahIM jA sakA hai / dUsarI tIrthaMkara pratimA ( 123; 2.11 1.16 mI0) gvAliyara ke kile se prApta huI hai| isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko pAdapITha para padmAsana - mudrA meM baitthe| hue darzAyA gayA hai / unake sira ke pIche alaMkRta bhAmaNDala hai tathA usake Upara tiharA chatra hai jisake pArzva meM donoM prora do hAthI haiN| hAthiyoM ke mukha sammukha dizA meM haiN| chatra ke Upara durdubhi kA pratIka aMkita hai / chatra ke nIce eka moTI-sI phUlamAlA dikhAI gayI hai jise do vidyAdhara pakar3e hue haiM / tIrthaMkara kI pratimA ke pArzva meM donoM ora saudharma tathA IzAna svargoM ke iMdroM ko khar3e hue dikhAyA gayA hai / pratimA kI bAhya paTTikAe~ vyAla aura makara ke kalA-pratIkoM se alaMkRta haiM / iMdroM ke UparI bhAga meM navagraha aMkita haiM jinameM se cAra dAyIM ora haiM aura pA~ca bAyIM ora / inake Upara kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara kI choTI-choTI AkRtiyA~ haiM / pAdapITha ke konoM para yakSa-yakSI kI pratimAe~ haiM / yakSa Asana para baiThA hai tathA apane hAtha meM thailI sa~bhAle hai / yakSI ke eka hAtha meM kamala ( ? ) hai aura dUsarA hAtha abhaya mudrA meM hai / gvAliyara ke kile se prApta sarvatobhadrikA pratimA ( 114; U~cAI 84 seM0mI0) ko bhI isI zreNI meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / isakI cAroM satahoM para kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / 600 For Private Personal Use Only

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'adhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya ina cAroM tIrthaMkaroM meM eka RSabhanAtha haiM aura dUsare pArzvanAtha / zeSa do tIrthaMkaroM ko pahacAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai| baDoha (vidizA) ke gaDaramala-maMdira se prApta eka vizAla pratimA (76; mApa 241.35 mI0) meM eka mahilA ko palaMga para leTe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| palaMga kI cAdara aura takiyA alaMkRta hai| mahilA ko bagala meM eka choTe takie kA sirahAnA kiye eka zizu leTA huA hai| mahilA ke sira ke pIche bhAmaNDala hai tathA vaha sevikAoM dvArA paricArita hai jisameM se cAra sevikAe~ usakI dAyIM ora haiM tathA eka usake sira ke pIche khar3I hai| yaha pratimA saMbhavata: kisI tIrthaMkara kI mA~ kI hai jo dikkumArikAoM dvArA prAvita hai paraMtu kucha vidvAna ise yazodA yA devakI tathA kRSNa kI pratimA mAnate haiN| terahI se prApta aMbikA kI eka pratimA meM yakSI ko padma-puSpa ke Asana para usake vAhana siMha sahita baiThe hae darzAyA gayA hai| vaha apane bAyeM hAtha meM pAmra-laMbI dhAraNa kiye hue hai| godI meM baiThe hue zizu kI prAkRti khaNDita ho cukI hai| usakI bAyIM ora puruSAkRti hai jo apane hAtha meM aAmra-laMbI dhAraNa kiye hai tathA dAyIM ora camaradhArI sevikA khar3I hai| yaha pratimA gaja-vyAla ke kalA-pratIkoM tathA ur3ate hue gaMdharvo se ati suMdaratA ke sAtha alaMkRta hai| isa saMgrahAlaya meM do anya pratimAeM (294 aura 386; mApa kramazaH 75 416 seM0 mI0 aura 40447 seM. mI.) haiM jinameM eka yakSa-daMpati ko darzAyA gayA hai / isa daMpati ko sAmAnyataH gomedha yakSa aura aMbikA yakSI ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAtA hai| madhyakAlIna pratimAe~ : madhyakAlIna paMdraha pratimAoM meM se adhikAMza pratimAe~ paDhAvalI (jilA murainA) tathA vidizA se prApta kI gayI haiN| vidizA se prApta eka tIrthaMkara-pratimA (128; U~cAI 1.16 mI0) meM RSabhanAtha padmAsanamudrA meM eka pAdapITha para baiThe hue haiM jo khaNDita hai| isa pratimA ke avazeSa parikara-bhAga para aMkita tIrthakaroM kI ATha laghu prAkRtiyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha pratimA eka caturvizati-paTTa thA jisake mUla nAyaka RSabhanAtha haiN| isa pratimA ke lie bArahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / paDhAvalI se prApta ajitanAtha kI pratimA (126; U~cAI 82 seM0 mI0) meM tIrthakara kAyotsargamadrA meM haiN| unake pAdapITha para unakA lAMchana hAthI aMkita hai| pratimA kA bAhya caukhaTA bAyIM ora se TUTa cukA hai / dAyIM ora ke avaziSTa caukhaTe para tIna kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara aura vyAla kA kalApratIka aMkita hai| paDhAvalI se hI kAyotsarga zAMtinAtha kI eka pratimA (127; U~cAI 2 mI.) prApta huI hai jisake pAdapITha para tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana hiraNa aMkita hai| cAra kAyotsarga tIrthakaroM kI anya laghu prAkRtiyoM ne isa pratimA ko eka paMca-tIthikA kA rUpa de diyA hai| isa pratimA kA samaya bArahavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa saMgrahAlaya meM pArzvanAtha kI tIna pratimAe~ haiM jo kramazaH paDhAvalI, ahamadapura (vidizA) tathA gvAliyara ke kile se prApta huI haiM / paDhAvalI se upalabdha pratimA meM (124; U~cAI 1.40 mI.) 601

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 meM pArzvanAtha ko padmAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA hai| unake pIche kuNDalIbaddha nAga khar3A huA hai jo apane phaNa-chatra se unako chAyA pradAna kara rahA hai| tIrthaMkara ke vakSa para zrI-vatsa cihna aMkita hai / unake sira ke pIche bhAmaNDala hai jisake Upara tiharA chatra hai| chatra ke Upara duMdabhi kA pratIka hai tathA chatra ke pArzva meM hAthI aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM hAthI para khar3e hue unake sevaka iMdra pradarzita haiM jinake siroM para nAga-phaNa chatra haiN| pAdapITha para dharmacakra, upAsaka-gaNa tathA siMha aMkita haiN| ahamadapura se prApta pratimA (116; UMcAI 1.45 mI0) meM pArzvanAtha ko nAga-phaNa chatra ke nIce kAyotsarga-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| gvAliyara ke kile se prApta pArzvanAtha kI tIsarI pratimA (130; U~cAI 78 seM0 mI0) abhilekha-yukta hai jisake lie gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa pratimA ke parikara meM aMkita tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu AkRtiyoM se jJAta hotA hai yaha pratimA eka caturviMzati-paTTa thii| isa pratimA ke pAdapITha para apane vAhana kukkura sahita kSetrapAla kI eka laghu AkRti bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| padmAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI tIna anya pratimAe~ (115, 121 tathA 122) unake lAMchanoM ke abhAva meM pahacAnI nahIM jA sakatI haiN| ina tInoM acihnita tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM meM se prathama pratimA gvAliyara ke kile se prApta huI hai aura zeSa do pratimAe~ paDhAvalI se / isa kAla kI do sarvatobhadrikA-pratimAe~ bhI yahA~ upalabdha haiM / vidizA se prApta sarvatobhadrikA pratimA (131, U~cAI 88 seM. mI.) meM cAroM ora cAra kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ hai jinameM se do tIrthaMkaroM ko RSabhanAtha evaM pArzvanAtha ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jA cukA hai jabaki zeSa do tIrthaMkara acihnita haiN| dUsarI sarvatobhadrikA-pratimA (262) bhalI-bhA~ti pAliza kI huI hai| yaha pratimA jaisA ki isake abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai bharila aura (saMbhavataH usakI patnI) kalaNA dvArA nirmita karAyI gyii| yaha pratimA kisa kSetra se prApta huI hai yaha jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| eka dvi-mUrtikA pratimA (308; mApa 1.35 mI0448 seM. mI.) meM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM do tIrthaMkara darzAye gaye haiM / yaha pratimA kahA~ prApta huI hai yaha jJAta nahIM hai lekina isake lie terahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zivapurI jile ke aMtargata paDhAvalI sthAna se kisI tIrthakara pratimA ke parikara kA eka khaNDa (343) prApta huA hai jo bArahavIM zatAbdI kA hai| paDhAvalI se hI eka mAna-staMbha (343; U~cAI 1.5 mI0) prApta huA hai jisameM devakoSThoM ke aMdara tIrthaMkara kI laghu pratimAoM ko baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai jinameM se eka tIrthaMkara ko nAga-phaNa chatra ke kAraNa pArzvanAtha ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| isa saMgrahAlaya meM mAtra eka hI devI-pratimA hai jo cakrezvarI (146) kI hai| uttara-madhyakAlIna pratimAe~ : uttara-madhyakAlIna, gvAliyara ke tomara vaMzIya zAsakoM ke rAjyakAloM kI lagabhaga bIsa jaina pratimAe~ isa saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita haiM jo gvAliyara ke kile meM prApta haI haiN| inameM se kucha pratimAoM kA vAstavika sthAna jJAta nahIM hai| 602

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya gvAliyara kile ke kSetra se prApta RRRSabhanAtha kI pratimA (118; U~cAI 72 seM0mI0 ) meM tIrthaMkara do siMhoM para AdhArita pAdapITha para padmAsana mudrA meM baiThe hue dikhAye gaye haiM / dUsarI pratimA (384 ) saMbhavata: RSabhanAtha kI pratimA kA khaNDita pAdapITha hai / eka anya pratimA (30; U~cAI 62 seM0mI0 ) meM saMbhavanAtha ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai jisake pAdapITha para unakA lAMchana azva aMkita hai / padmaprabha kI pratimA ( 116; U~cAI 83 seM0 mI0) kA nicalA bhAga mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki pAdapITha para saMvat 1552 kA eka abhilekha aMkita hai jisake anusAra tomaravaMzIya zAsaka mahArAjAdhirAja mAnasiMha ke zAsanakAla yaha pratimA gopAcala durga ( gvAliyara) meM pratiSThApita kI gayI thI / isa abhilekha se gvAliyara ke bhaTTArakoM ke viSaya meM bhI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai jo mUla saMgha ke balAtkAra gaNa ke sarasvatI- gaccha ke bhaTTAraka padmanaMdI kI paraMparA se saMbaMdhita the / gvAliyara ke kile se prApta caMdraprabha kI eka paMca- tIthikA pratimA ( 125; U~cAI 1.42 mI0) meM mUla nAyaka tIrthaMkara caMdraprabha do siMhoM para AdhArita ardha- vRttAkAra pAdapITha para kAyotsargamudrA meM khar3e hue haiN| tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana pAdapITha para darzAyA gayA hai| caMdraprabha ke sAtha hI tIrthaMkaroM kI cAra laghu pratimAe~ bhI aMkita haiM jinameM se do kAyotsarga - mudrA meM tathA do padmAsana mudrA meM haiM / gvAliyara ke kile se neminAtha kI pratimA ( 117; U~cAI 2 mI0) bhI prApta huI hai jisameM pAdapITha para AdhArita padma-puSpa para tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga - mudrA meM khar3e haiM tathA unake pArzva meM donoM ora iMdra haiM / pAdapITha para tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana zaMkha dharmacakra tathA eka upAsikA aMkita hai / eka pArzvanAtha pratimA kA khaNDita nicalA bhAga bhI isa kAla kI eka ullekhanIya pratimA ke rUpa meM parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isake pAdapITha para dAyeM aura bAyeM konoM para kramazaH yakSa dharaNeMdra aura yakSI padmAvatI kI pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiM / ina donoM yakSa aura yakSI ke Upara nAga phaNa chatra hai / yakSI eka nAga para baiThI hai aura yakSa kA vAhana kukkuTa bhI tomaravaMzIya zAsaka vikramAditya ke zAsanakAlIna tithi saMvat 1476 ( ? ) kA abhilekha aMkita hai jisameM kASThA-saMgha ke puSkara - gaNa aura mAthura - anvaya ke bhaTTAraka sahasrakIrti kA bhI ullekha hai / eka anya pratimA (306; mApa 6757 seM0 mI0) kisI vizAla pArzvanAtha pratimA kA khaNDita zIrSabhAga hai / aMkita hai / pAdapITha para gvAliyara ke gvAliyara ke kile se prApta pratimA (126; U~cAI 71 seM0 mI0) meM eka acihnita tIrthakara ko padmAsana mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| eka dUsarI pracihnita tIrthaMkara - pratimA (683; U~cAI 1. 26 mI0) kA prApti-sthAna jJAta nahIM hai / isake atirikta do anya padmAsana tIrthaMkara - pratimAe~ ( 133 tathA 174) bhI haiM / eka paTTa ( mApa 35x51 seM0mI0) meM aThAraha tIrthaMkara dikhAye gaye haiM jo tIna paMktiyoM meM aMkita haiM / yaha paTTa paMdrahavIM zatAbdI kA ho sakatA hai / isa saMgrahAlaya meM tomara kAla kI do sarvatobhadrikA pratimAe~ (261 aura 263; U~cAI kramazaH 1.16 tathA 1.21 mI0) bhI haiM jinakI cAroM satahoM para tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiN| pahalI pratimA meM AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha ina do tIrthaMkaroM ko pahacAnA jA sakA hai aura dUsarI 603 For Private Personal Use Only

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 ; pratimA meM mAtra eka tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko / yahA~ para eka mAna- staMbha ( 260 U~cAI 1.06 mI0 ) bhI hai jisameM eka sau unatAlIsa padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ aMkita haiN| ina tIrthaMkaroM meM se mAtra AdinAtha ko hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / zivapurI saMgrahAlaya isa saMgrahAlaya meM jaina pratimAoM kA eka saMpanna saMkalana hai jo prAyaH naravara ( prAcIna nalapura ) se prApta kiyA gayA hai / inameM se yahA~ kucha vizeSa pratimAnoM kA hI ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai / caturviMzati-paTTa : isa paTTa ( 167 mApa 1.06 mI0 446 seM0 mo0 ) meM eka paMkti meM caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiM aura samasta tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana unake pairoM ke nIce aMkita haiN| paTTa para aMkita abhilekha ke anusAra isa paTTa para caubIsoM torthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ haiM tathA isa paTTa ko saMvat 1063 (san 1006) meM sthApita kiyA gayA thA / bAlacaMdra jaina tIrthaMkara pratimAe~: isa saMgrahAlaya meM tIrthaMkaroM kI aneka pratimAe~ haiM jo kAyotsarga - mudrA meM haiN| adhikAMza pratimAe~ vArahavIM zatAbdI kI mAnI jA sakatI haiN| caMdraprabha ( citra 369 ) kI pratimA (146 ) ke pAdapITha para aMkita abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki jayacaMdra ne apanI patniyoM suhanA tathA monA aura putra AzAdhara sahita isa pratimA kI pratiSThApanA saMvat 1241 meM kI thI / eka anya pratimA (2; U~cAI 2 mo0 ) meM ajitanAtha ko eka tihare chatra ke nIce kAyotsarga - mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai / isa pratimA ke zIrSa para Amalaka aura kalaza bhI aMkita haiN| chatra-traya ke Upara eka alaMkRta devakoSTha meM eka torthaMkara ko padmAsana mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara kI mukhya pratimA ke pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI do iMdroM kI pratimAe~ thIM jo khaNDita ho cukI haiN| pAdapITha siMha pratimAoM se bhalo bhA~ti alaMkRta hai / isapara eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara yukta eka devakoSTha bhI aMkita hai / pratimA ke zIrSa bhAga meM makara-toraNa aura kIrti mukha hai| pAdapITha para ajitanAtha kA lAMchana gaja aMkita hai jisake donoM ora do upAsaka zrAkRtiyA~ bhI haiM / eka anya pratimA (3, U~cAI 1.55 mI0) meM saMbhavanAtha ko unake lAMchana azva sahita aMkita kiyA gayA hai / unake chatra ke donoM ora hAthI haiM jo apanI sUMr3oM meM kamala kI kaliyA~ liye haiM / pAdapITha para upAsaka - daMpati bhI aMkita hai / abhinaMdananAtha (4; U~cAI 2.05 mI0) tathA padmaprabha ( 5; 1.65 mI0) kI pratimAe~ nyUnAdhika pUrvokta ajitanAtha kI pratimA kI bhA~ti haiM, jinameM mAtra unake lAMchana cihnoM kA hI aMtara hai / anya aneka tIrthaMkaroM ko kAyotsarga pratimAe~ bhI isI prakAra kI haiN| inameM se eka pratimA ( 19; U~cAI 1.35 mo0 ) atyaMta AkarSaka hai jo kisI acihnita tIrthaMkara ko hai / isapara atyuttama pAliza hai / 604

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (kha) dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara neminAtha (zahaDola jilA) (ka) dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : caturviMzati-paTTa (jaso) citra 367

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 (ka) dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : sarvatobhadra (rIvA kSetra) (kha) dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya : yakSa brahmA (rIvA kSetra) citra 368

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara caMdraprabha kA pAdapITha citra 369 .

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : dvi-mUrtikA HINDI (kha) zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara citra 370 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (kha) zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (ka) zivapurI saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara-mUrti citra 371 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 zivapurI saMgahAlaya : sthApatyIya zilAkhaNDa citra 372 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) rAyapura saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (kArItalAI) (kha) rAyapura saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha - saMbhavanAtha (kArItalAI) citra 373

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) rAyapura saMgrahAlaya : sarvatobhadrikA (kArItalAI) (kha) rAyapura saMgrahAlaya : yakSI aMbikA (kArItalAI) citra 374 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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prAdhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya isa saMgrahAlaya meM kucha dvi-mUrtikA bhI haiM jinameM do-do tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAeM utkIrNa haiN| inameM se eka pratimA (16; UMcAI 1.40 mI0) meM ajitanAtha aura saMbhavanAtha apane lAMchanoM sahita utkIrNa haiM (citra 370 k)| dUsarI pratimA (17) saMbhavanAtha aura neminAtha kI hai| sabhI tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiN| eka anya pratimA (18; UMcAI 1.10 mI0) zAMtinAtha aura mahAvIra kI hai| isa pratimA ke abhilekha ke anusAra ise kisI jasahara nAmaka vyakti ne pratiSThApita karAyA thaa| ve pratimAe~ jinameM tIrthaMkaroM ko padmAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai kahIM adhika kalAtmaka DhaMga se gar3hI gayI haiN| inameM se eka pratimA (1; UMcAI 1.85 mI.) meM eka toyaMkara ko padamAsanamudrA meM atyaMta suMdaratA ke sAtha aMkita kiyA gayA hai| unake vakSa para suMdara zrIvatsa-cihna aura sira ke pIche alaMkRta bhAmaNDala utkIrNa haiN| yaha tIrthaMkara ko pratimA acihnita hai| tIrthaMkara kA dAyA~ hAtha aura ghuTanA khaNDita ho cukA hai (citra 370 kha) / eka anya pratimA meM (6; U~cAI 65 seM0 mI0) supArzvanAtha ko siMhAsana para eka tihare chatra tathA paMca phaNo nAga-chatra ke noce padmAsanamudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| isa suMdara pratimA ke donoM hAtha khaNDita haiM / eka anya acihnita tIrthaMkara kI pratimA (24; U~cAI 1.35 mI.) apane alaMkRta Asana aura bhAmaNDala ke lie ullekhanIya hai (citra 371 k)| pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA (27, U~cAI 135 seM0 mI0) meM tIrthaMkara ko padamAsanamudrA meM dikhAyA hai (citra 371 kh)|tiirthNkr ke pIche eka kuNDalIbaddha sarpa khar3A hai jo apane sapta-phaNI chatra se unake sira para chAyA kiye hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI sevaka iMdra khaDe haiN| chatra ke Upara ur3ate hue mAlAdhArI, kalaza liye hAthI aura duMdubhivAdaka aMkita haiN| eka anya pratimA (55; U~cAI 1 mITara) vRttAkAra rUpa se utkIrNa hai| bArahavIM zatAbdI kI padamAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI tIna pratimAeM (26, 36 tathA 43) aura haiN| saMgrahAlaya meM kAle patthara se nirmita kucha pratimAnoM ke khaNDita nicale bhAga bhI saMrakSita haiN| inake pAdapIThoM para aMkita abhilekhoM ke anusAra inakI pratimAoM ko saMvat 1326, 1334, 1341, 1344 tathA 1346 meM pratiSThApita kiyA gayA thaa| ye samasta nimna bhAga padmAsana tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke aMza haiM jinake UparI bhAga khaNDita aura lupta ho cuke haiN| alaMkRta sthApatyIya khaNDa : isa saMgrahAlaya meM naravara se prApta alaMkRta sthApatyIya khaNDa kalAkArI ke suMdaratama udAharaNa haiN| ye khaNDa laghu toraNoM ke aMza haiN| inameM se eka khaNDa (47) kI keMdravartI pratimA yakSI cakrezvarI ko hai| chaha-bhujI yakSI cakrezvarI eka uccAsana para lalitAsana-mudrA meM baiThI hai| yakSI devakulikA meM pratiSThita hai jisake pArzva meM staMbha tathA zIrSa-bhAga meM zikhara hai| isake dAyIM-bAyIM ora tIthaMkara baiThe hue haiM jinake Upara chatra aMkita haiN| dAyIM aura bAyIM ora ke nitAMta kone vAle staMbhoM tathA zikhara-yukta devakulikAoM meM tIrthaMkara padmAsana-mudrA meM baiThe haiM / dAyIM aura bAyIM ora ke nitAMta choroM para makaroM kI AkRtiyA~ haiM jinameM se bAyIM ora kI makara-AkRti khaNDita hai| eka dUsare khaNDa (citra 372)meM tIrthaMkaroM aura yakSiyoM ko devakoSThoM meM darzAyA gayA hai| 605

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 isa khaNDa para eka sAtha aMkita tIna yakSiyoM kI bhI eka pratimA hai / inameM se keMdravartI yakSI garuDa para ArUDha tathA apane UparI hAthoM meM cakra aura gadA dhAraNa kiye hai / yaha yakSI cakrezvarI ho sakatI hai / yakSiyoM ke Upara keMdravartI devakulikA meM eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara haiM jinake pArzva kI laghu devakulikAoM meM tIrthaMkara sthApita haiN| keMdravartI devakulikA ke pArzva meM ur3ate hue mAlA dhArI aMkita haiM / tIsare khaNDa (51) meM eka laghu devAlaya ke madhyavartI devakoSTha meM eka tIrthaMkara padmAsana mudrA meM baiThe hue dikhAye gaye haiM / isake staMbhoM kI paMktiyA~ gaja-zArdUla ke kalA-pratIkoM se alaMkRta haiM / isapara Amalaka-yukta kaI satahoM vAlA zikhara maNDita hai, jisapara kalaza nahIM hai / isa laghu devAlaya ke pArzva meM donoM ora makara kA kalA pratIka aMkita hai / aise hI do khaNDa (210 tathA 235 ) aura haiM jinameM laghu devAlaya aMkita haiM / pahale khaNDa kI devakulikA meM padmAsana tIrthaMkara ko dikhAyA gayA hai aura dUsare khaNDa kI devakulikA meM eka praSThabhujI yakSI ko apane vAhana vRSabha para baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai / yakSI vAle khaNDa kA zikhara atyaMta alaMkRta hai / khaNDita pratimAoM ke pAdapITha bhI inapara 1 AdhArita tIrthaMkara pratimAnoM ke lAMchanoM ke aMkita hone ke kAraNa kalAtmaka dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM / eka staMbha : isa saMgrahAlaya meM eka staMbha kA khaNDa (61) bhI saMrakSita hai / isa staMbha para tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM ke atirikta eka AcArya aura eka sAdhvI kI pratimA bhI aMkita hai / isa staMbha para utkIrNa saMvat 1517 athavA zaka saMvat 1352 ke abhilekha ke anusAra, yaha pratimA jisake samIpa hI kamaNDalu aura picchikA aMkita hai prAcArya pratApacaMdra kI hai jo kASThA-saMgha ke mAthura-anvaya ke AcAryaM kSemakIrti ke ziSya the / kamaNDalu aura picchikA sahita padmAsana mudrA meM pradarzita sAdhvI, abhilekha ke anusAra, AryikA saMyamazrI ho sakatI hai / jayasiMhapurA jaina purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, ujjaina isa saMgrahAlaya meM mAlavA kSetra ke vibhinna sthAnoM se prApta pA~ca sau se adhika jaina pratimAe~ saMrakSita haiN| inameM se chiyAnabe pratimAoM para abhilekha aMkita haiM / ina pratimAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM, jainadeviyoM, sarvatobhadrikA tathA caumukha pratimAe~ haiN| sabase adhika, cauMsaTha pratimAeM, mAtra pArzvanAtha kI haiM / isake atirikta RSabhanAtha kI saiMtIsa, caMdraprabha kI bIsa, ajitanAtha kI bAraha tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM kI bhI anekAneka pratimAeM haiM / bAlacaMdra jaina abhilekhAMkita pratimAoM meM se nimnalikhita ullekhanIya haiM : dhAra se prApta RRSabhanAtha kI eka pratimA (30) para vikrama saMvat 1626 kA abhilekha aMkita hai / javAsa se prApta RRSabhanAtha kI saMgamaramara se nirmita do pratimAe~ ( 47 aura 50 ) saMvat 1416 kI; nAgadA (devAsa) se prApta kAle patthara kI eka pratimA (71) saMvat 1222 kI hai| abhinaMdananAtha kI eka pratimA ( 176 ) 606

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adhyAya 10 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya para usakI sthApanA kI tithi saMvat 1118 kA ullekha hai| zAMtinAtha kI do pratimAoM para saMvata 1222 aura 1231 kA ullekha hai| eka devI pratimA para tIna paMktiyoM kA abhilekha aMkita hai jisameM saMvat 1224 kA ullekha hai| ASTA aura karcA se prApta muni suvratanAtha kI do pratimAe~ bArahavIM zatAbdI kI vizeSatAe~ liye hue haiN| gunA se prApta pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko sapta-phaNI nAga-chatra ke nIce padmAsana-mudrA meM baiThe hae darzAyA gayA hai| unake pArzva meM bAyIM ora yakSa dharaNeMdra aora dAyIM ora yakSI padmAvatI pradarzita hai| jaina devI-pratimAoM meM badanAvara se prApta yakSI cakrezvarI kI pratimA kA khaNDita aMza ati uttama hai| isI sthAna se prApta mahAmAnasI, rohiNI, aMbikA aura nirvANA devI kI pratimAe~ kalAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| eka zilA para udbhuta pratimA (141) meM chaha jaina deviyoM ko apanI goda meM zizuoM ko baiThAye hae darzAyA gayA hai| pratyeka devI ke nIce usakA nAma bhI aMkita hai| eka anya zilodbhuta pratimA (156) meM cAra nArI AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM jinake nIce unake nAma deva-dAsI, rasadguNa-devI, vimAravatI aura trizalA-devI aMkita haiN| isa saMgrahAlaya meM bAIsa dhAtu-pratimAeM aura eka samavasaraNa bhI hai jinameM adhikAMza pratimAe~ abhilekhAMkita haiN| satyaMdhara kumAra seThI sureMdra kumAra Arya rAyapura saMgrahAlaya rAyapura sthita mahaMta ghAsIdAsa smAraka saMgrahAlaya meM jaina pratimAoM kA eka samRddha saMgraha hai jisameM cAlIsa pASANa-nirmita tIrthaMkaroM, sevaka devI-devatAoM, caumukha, sahasrakUTa Adi pratimAe~ haiN| ye pratimAe~ kalacuri zAsakoM ke kAla kI haiN| inameM mAtra eka hI aisI pratimA hai jo dakSiNa kosala ke somavaMzIya zAsanakAla kI hai| ina untAlIsa kalacurikAlIna pratimAoM meM se taiMtIsa pratimAe~ DAhala yA cedi ke kalacuri zAsakoM ke kAla kI kalA kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM, jinakI rAjadhAnI jabalapura ke samIpa tripurI (Adhunika tevara) meM thiiN| zeSa chaha pratimAe~ una sthAnoM se prApta huI haiM jo kalacuriyoM ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke zAsanAdhIna the aura jinakI rAjadhAnI bilAsapura jile ke ratnapura (Adhunika ratanapura) meM thii| somavaMzIya zAsanakAla kI ekamAtra pratimA dakSiNa kosala kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI sirapura (prAcIna zrIpura) se prApta huI batAyI jAtI hai| isa pratimA kA samaya lagabhaga 800 I0 nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai| samasta DAhala pratimAe~ jabalapUra jile ke 607

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 kArItalAI sthAna se prApta huI haiM jinakA samaya dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI hai / chattIsagar3ha se prApta pratimAoM meM se cAra ratanapura se, aura do khaNDita pratimAeM rAyapura jile ke prAraMga se prApta kI gayI haiN| ye sabhI pratimAe~ bArahavIM zatAbdI kI haiN| sirapura se prApta pratimA pArzvanAtha : pArzvanAtha kI isa pratimA (0003; U~cAI 1.08 mI.) meM tIrthaMkara ko padmAsana-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke sira para sapta-phaNI nAga-chatra hai| nAga kI samAnAMtara kucha kuNDaliyA~ aisI pratIta hotI hai jaise ve tIrthaMkara ke pIche takiye kA kArya de rahI hoM aura kinAroM para utkIrNa makara kI prAkRtiyA~ tIrthakara ke Asana kI pITha kI racanA karatI dikhAI de rahI haiN| tIrthaMkara kA mukha, hAtha aura ghuTane khaNDita haiN| tIrthaMkara ke vakSa para zrI-vatsa cihna aura hatheliyoM para cakra aMkita haiN| unake dhuMgharAle bAla uSNISa meM Abaddha haiN| isa pratimA kA pAdapITha atyaMta khaNDita hai| kArItalAI se prApta pratimAeM kalacuriyoM ke kAla meM kArItalAI jainoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa keMdra thA / yahA~ para bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina pratimAe~ prApta kI gayI thIM jinameM se taitIsa pratimAeM isa saMgrahAlaya dvArA prApta kI gyiiN| RSabhanAtha kI pratimAe~ : saMgrahAlaya meM RSabhanAtha kI pASANa nirmita chaha pratimAe~ haiN| inameM se eka pratimA (2537; U~cAI 1.35 mI.) meM RSabhanAtha padmAsana-mudrA meM eka alaMkRta ucca pAdapITha para baiThe haiN| tIrthakara kA sira, dAyA~ hAtha aura bAyA~ ghuTanA khaNDita hai| vakSa para zrI-vatsa cihna aura sira ke pIche bhAmaNDala aMkita hai| bhAmaNDala ke Upara eka tiharA chatra hai jisake donoM pAzvoM meM gaja para prArUr3ha eka-eka prAkRti pradarzita hai| chatra ke Upara eka daMdubhivAdaka hai| gajoM ke nIce mAlA-dhArI vidyAdhara-daMpati aMkita hai| vidyAdharoM ke nIce saudharma evaM IzAna svargoM ke iMdra camara dhAraNa kiye khar3e haiN| pAdapITha para vRSabha aura usake nIce dharmacakra hai jisake pAvoM meM ekaeka siMha aMkita haiN| siMhAsana ke dAyIM ora ke kone para gomukha yakSa tathA bAyIM ora ke kone para cakrezvarI yakSI lalitAsana-mudrA meM baiThI hai| RSabhanAtha kI dUsarI pratimA (2576; U~cAI 1.32 mI0) pUrvokta pratimA kI hI bhAMti hai| isa pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ke donoM hAtha aura ghuTane khaNDita haiM / yakSI cakrezvarI ko garuDa para ArUDha dikhAyA gayA hai| RSabhanAtha kI zeSa cAroM pratimAoM (0033, 2525, 2548 tathA 2564) meM tIrthaMkara ko padmAsana-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai / eka pratimA (0033; U~cAI 74 seM. mI.) ke pAdapITha para bAyeM sire para cakezvarI ke sthAna para aMbikA aMkita hai jabaki dUsarI pratimA (2548) ke siMhAsana meM siMhoM ke sAtha do hAthI bhI aMkita haiN| 608

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya zAMtinAtha kI pratimAeM : zAMtinAtha kI eka pratimA (2538) meM unheM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha para unakA lAMchana hiraNa aMkita hai| pArzvavartI siMhoM ke atirikta yakSa garur3a aura yakSI mahAmAnasI bhI aMkita haiN| pArzvanAtha kI pratimAe~ : saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita pArzvanAtha kI pA~coM pratimAeM kArItalAI se prApta haiN| inameM do pratimAe~ (0035; U~cAI 1.04 mI0 tathA 2577; U~cAI 1.37 mI.) vastuta: pArzvanAtha ke caturviMzati-paTTa haiN| pahalI pratimA meM pArzvanAtha ko sapta-phaNI nAga-chatra ke nIce padmAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara kI dAyIM ora nau aura bAyIM ora pATha laghu tIrthaMkarapratimAe~ haiN| zeSa chaha tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAeM chatra ke UparI kinAre para eka paMkti meM aMkita rahI hoMgI kyoMki yaha bhAga khaNDita hai| pAdapITha para dharaNeMdra aura padmAvatI ko baiThe hue aMkita dikhAyA gayA hai jinake Upara nAga-phaNoM ke chatra haiN| pArzvanAtha kI zeSa do pratimAe~ (2553 tathA 2551) khaNDita haiN| mahAvIra kI pratimA : isa saMgrahAlaya kI sarvottama pratimAnoM meM eka pratimA (0036; U~cAI 1.01 mI0) mahAvIra kI hai jo zveta balue patthara se nirmita hai / mahAvIra eka uccAsana para dhyAna-mudrA meM utthita-padmAsanastha haiM (citra 373 k)| unake ghugharAle bAla uSNISa meM prAbaddha haiN| unake vakSa para zrI-vatsa cihna hai / pratimA kA UparI aura dAyA~ bhAga khaNDita hai jisapara prabhAmaNDala aura prAtihArya kI anya prAkRtiyA~ aMkita rahI hoMgI kyoMki tIrthaMkara ke ThIka dAyIM ora aMkita kucha tIrthaMkara-AkRtiyA~ dikhAI detI haiM / isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha bhI eka caturvizati-paTTa thaa| pAdapITha para cakra aura tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana siMha aMkita hai| do siMhoM ke bIca meM siMhAsana pradarzita hai| cakra aura lAMchana ke ThIka nIce eka leTI huI mahilA kI AkRti hai jo saMbhavata: isa pratimA kI dAnadAtrI kI AkRti hogii| pAdapITha ke kinAroM para yakSa mAtaMga aura yakSI siddhAyikA aMkita haiM jinake nIce donoM ora eka-eka upAsaka haiN| anya tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ : isa saMgrahAlaya meM tIrthaMkaroM kI cAra pratimAe~ aura haiM jinheM pahacAnA nahIM jA sakA hai| inameM se eka lAla balUe patthara kI pratimA (2523; UMcAI 1.37 mI.), jisameM tIrthaMkara ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai, isa saMgrahAlaya kI eka zreSTha pratimA hai| isake lie dasavIM zatAbdI kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / pAdapITha para aSTagraha aMkita haiN| anya do pratimAe~ (2604 tathA 1606) kinhIM tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke khaMDita zIrSa haiM jabaki eka anya pratimA (2580) kisI staMbha kA bhAga hai jisapara kAyotsarga-madrA meM tIrthaMkara-mati utkIrNa hai| dvi-matikAeM Adi pratimAeM : yahA~ para pAMca dvi-matikAe~ haiM jinameM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ko kAyotsarga-madrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| eka yA do pratimAoM para saMkSipta abhilekha bhI aMkita haiM jo 1. eka-tIrthakara (munisuvrata) pratimA ke adhobhAga meM leTI huI eka mahilA-prAkRti (yakSI bahurUpiNI ke lie draSTavya prathama bhAga, pR 172 pAda-TippaNiyA~ tathA citra 90--saMpAdaka.] 609

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 aspaSTa haiM / lAla kaimUra balue patthara kI dvi-mUrtikA (2557, UMcAI 1.38 mI0) para ajitanAtha aura saMbhavanAtha (citra 373 kha) aMkita haiM jabaki zveta balue patthara se nirmita dvi-mUrtikAoM meM RSabhanAtha aura ajitanAtha puSpadaMta aura zItalanAtha, dharmanAtha aura zAMtinAtha tathA mallinAtha aura muni suvratanAtha (pratyeka kI UMcAI 1.07 mI.) aMkita haiN| ina samasta pratimAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke Upara tihare chatra, bhAmaNDala, ur3ate hue vidyAdhara, iMdra tathA tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSI Adi aMkita haiN| do anya dvi-matikA pratimAeM (2605 tathA 2610) burI taraha kSatigrasta ho gayI haiN| ina pratimAoM ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna galata na hogA ki kArItalAI sthita jaina maMdira meM saMbhavataH samasta caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI dvi-mUrtikA pratimAeM sthApita rahI hoNgii| ina dvi-mUrtikAoM ke atirikta saMgrahAlaya meM eka aisI pratimA kA khaNDa (2565; caur3AI 61 seM. mI.) bhI hai jo saMbhavataH tri-mUrtikA pratimA kA UparI bhAga hai jisapara tIna acihnita tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-madrA meM aMkita haiN| sarvatobhadrikA : eka caumukha pratimA (2555; U~cAI 68.5 seM.mI.) meM cAroM satahoM para padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM (citra 374 k)| inameM se pArzvanAtha ko unake nAga-phaNa chatra ke AdhAra para pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| zeSa tIrthakara saMbhavataH RSabhanAtha, neminAtha tathA mahAvIra ho sakate haiN| sahasrakaTa : saMgrahAlaya meM cAra sahasrakUTa pratimAeM haiM jinameM se sabase U~cI pratimA (2519; U~cAI 86 seM. mI.) para sAta satahoM meM eka sau sATha tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ haiN| dUsare sahasrakaTa (2537; U~cAI 76 seM. mI.) para chaha satahoM para eka sau cavAlIsa tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ haiN| zeSa donoM sahasrakUToM (2541 tathA 2540) para pA~ca satahoM meM kramaza: eka sau solaha aura eka sau cauMsaTha tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ haiM / tulanIya prathama bhAga meM citra 66 / aMbikA yakSI pratimAeM : bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara kI yakSI pAmrA yA aMbikA kI tIna pratimAeM isa saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita haiM jinameM se eka pratimA (0097; UMcAI 40.5 seM. mI.) sapheda dhabbedAra lAla balue patthara se nirmita hai jisameM yakSI ko usake vAhana siMha para lalitAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai (citra 374 kh)| yakSI ke dAyeM hAtha meM Amra-laMbI hai| usakA kaniSTha zizu priyaMkara usakI goda meM baiThA hai jise vaha bAyeM hAtha se sahArA diye hue hai, jabaki usakA jyeSTha zizu zubhaMkara dAyeM paira ke samIpa khar3A hai| yakSI ke pArzva meM donoM ora eka-eka sevikA khar3I hai / yakSI AbhUSaNoM se bhalI-bhA~ti alaMkRta hai aura usake cehare para AnaMdadAyI madhura musakAna hai| pratimA kA UparI bhAga khaNDita hai / dUsarI pratimA (0034; U~cAI 61.5 seM0 mI0) meM yakSI eka sAdA pAdapITha para AmravRkSa ke nIce tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3I hai| usake dAye hAtha meM Amra-guccha hai| usakA kaniSTha zizu goda meM aura jyeSTha usake samIpa bAyIM ora khar3A hai| usake sira ke Upara puSpita vRkSa ke madhya padmAsana neminAtha kI pratimA aMkita hai| yakSI ke bAyIM aura dAyIM ora kramazaH eka hAtha jor3e dAr3hI vAlA upAsaka tathA eka upAsikA khar3I hai| yakSI kA vAhana siMha usake pairoM ke nIce aMkita 610

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya hai| tIsarI pratimA (2681; U~cAI 48 seM0 mI0) kA dvAra-bhAga khaNDita hai jisameM eka toraNa ke nIce aMbikA aura padamAvatI baiThI huI haiN| sarasvatI : lAla balue patthara kI eka sarasvatI-pratimA (2524; U~cAI 76 seM0 mI0) meM caturbhujI vidyAdevI ko lalitAsana-mudrA meM baiThe dikhAyA gayA hai| yaha pratimA atyaMta kSatigrasta ho cukI hai jisameM usakA sira aura hAtha khaNDita hai tathApi nicale bAyeM hAtha meM pakar3I huI vINA tathA UparI bAyeM hAtha dekhe jA sakate haiN| ratanapura se prApta pratimAe~ RSabhanAtha kI pratimAe~ : isa saMgrahAlaya meM RSabhanAtha kI do pratimAe~ haiM jo mUlataH bilAsapura jile ke ratanatura se prApta kI gayI haiN| inameM se eka pratimA (0001; UMcAI 1.04 mI.) meM tIrthakara alaMkRta Asana para tihare chatra ke nIce padmAsana-mudrA meM baiThe hue haiN| unakI nAka aura hoTha khaNDita haiN| unake sira ke pIche prabhA-maNDala tathA vakSa para zrI-vatsa cihna aMkita hai| chatra ke pArzva meM donoM ora hAthI haiM jinapara eka-eka vyakti ArUr3ha hai| hAthiyoM ke nIce ke phalaka meM ur3ate mAlAdhArI-puruSa aura nArI-vidyAdharoM kI AkRtiyA~ haiN| inake nIce tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM kramaza dAyIM aura bAyIM ora saudharma aura IzAna svargoM ke iMdra khar3e hue haiN| alaMkRta prAsana para unakA lAMchana vRSabha aMkita hai / vRSabha ke sAmane aura pIche tIrthakara kI upAsanArata kramazaH upAsaka aura upAsikA kI prAkRti hai| pAdapITha para dharma-cakra aMkita hai jisake pArzva meM baiThA huA siMha pradarzita hai| pAdapITha ke konoM para dAyIM aura bAyIM ora kramaza: gomukha aura cakrezvarI aMkita haiM jo donoM lalitAsanamudrA meM haiN| dUsarI pratimA (0002; U~cAI 81 seM. mI.) pUrvokta pratimA kI bhA~ti hI hai paraMtu yaha pratimA atyaMta kSatigrasta hai| isameM tIrthaMkara ke sira para ikaharA chatra aMkita hai| caMdraprabha kI pratimA : kAle patthara kI isa pratimA (0007; U~cAI 73.5 seM0 mI0) meM caMdraprabha dhyAna-mudrA meM padmAsanastha haiN| yadyapi yaha pratimA khaNDita ho cukI hai tathApi alaMkRta Asana para aMkita tIrthaMkara ke lAMchana navodita caMdramA ke AdhAra para ise caMdraprabha kI pratimA ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| unake yakSa-yakSI bhI pAdapITha ke konoM para baiThe hue haiN| AraMga se prApta pratimAe~ : rAyapura jile ke AraMga se do khaNDita pratimAe~ (0104 tathA 0105) prApta huI haiN| saMbhavataH ye donoM kinhIM kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ haiN| bAlacaMdra jaina khajurAho ke saMgrahAlaya maMdiroM kI bahibhittiyoM meM khacita mUrtiyoM ke atirikta khajurAho meM saikar3oM khaNDita-akhaNDita 1 [lekhaka dvArA preSita eka adhyAya kA saMkSipta rUpa-saMpAdaka.] 611

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 mUrtiyAM bikharI par3I haiM jinase prakaTa hai ki khajurAho meM maMdiroM kI saMkhyA usase adhika thI jitanI vaha Aja hai (draSTavya adhyAya 22) / jaina maMdira-samUha ke prAkAra meM bhItara kI ora tIna sau se adhika mUrtiyA~ aura sthApatya saMbaMdhI avazeSa jar3a diye gaye hai (citra 375), jo eka prastAvita saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita kiye jAne kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiN| inake atirikta, kucha jaina kalAvazeSa khajurAho ke purAtattva saMgrahAlaya meM bhI pradarzita haiM, jisakI sthApanA 1967 meM usa sAmagrI ke lie kI gayI thI jo usake pUrva eka muktAkAza saMgrahAlaya meM saMgrahIta thii| ina donoM saMgrahAlayoM ke apekSAkRta adhika mahavattpUrNa kalAvazeSoM kA yahA~ eka sarvekSaNa prastuta hai / yahA~ prathama saMgrahAlaya ko jaina saMgraha aura dvitIya ko khajarAho saMgrahAlaya nAma diyA jaayegaa| tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ : tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM meM adhikatara RSabhanAtha kI haiM aura unameM bhI adhika ullekhanIya ve haiM jo AsIna-mudA meM haiN| unameM sabase bar3I ghaNTAI-maMdira ke nikaTa prApta huI thI aura aba khajurAho-saMgrahAlaya meM (1667) hai| usake ucca siMhAsana ke eka koNa para 'ghaNTAI' zabda utkIrNa hai aura madhya meM dharma-cakra kA aMkana hai jisake dAyeM eka siMha aura yakSa gomukha tathA bAyeM bhI eka siMha aura yakSI cakrezvarI hai / suMdara pAdapITha para navagrahoM kI prastuti hai jo sUrya se prAraMbha hotI hai| tIrthaMkara kI cAroM ora yathAsthAna camaradhArI iMdra, gaja, vyAla, makara Adi kA Alekhana hai| RSabhanAtha kI kalAtmaka DhaMga se kAr3hI gayI keza-rAzi kI kucha laTeM unake kaMdhoM para A gayI haiN| RSabhanAtha kI eka anya AsIna mUrti jaina saMgraha ( 103) meM hai, usake pAdapITha para bhI gomukha aura cakrezvarI haiN| cakrezvarI apane vAhana garuDa para lalita-mudrA meM pAsIna hai, usake Upara ke hAthoM meM gadA aura zaMkha hai tathA nIce kA eka hAtha varada-mudrA meM hai aura dUsare meM zaMkha hai / pAdapITha para eka kakumAna vRSabha kI eka ora eka puruSa aura dUsarI ora eka mahilA kA Alekhana hai jo nizcita rUpa se usa mUrti ke nirmAtA-daMpati haiN| tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3e iMdroM ke hAthoM meM kamala hai para camara nahIM jo sAdhAraNata: hone caahie| unake Upara, bhAmaNDala ke donoM ora eka-eka gatimAna gaja kalaza dhAraNa kiye aura eka-eka aora vidyAdhara-yugala mAlA dhAraNa kiye aMkita haiN| inake Upara mAlAe~ aura chatra dhAraNa kiye do-do gaMdharva haiM, jinake Upara sUcI, Amalaka aura kalaza haiN| udghoSakoM ke donoM ora gaMdharva-kanyAe~ hAthoM meM vINA dhAraNa kiye aMkita haiN| isI saMgraha kI do aura mUrtiyA~ (8 aura 27) ullekhanIya haiM, yadyapi ve khaNDita haiM / aisI hI tIna aura mUrtiyA~ (1612, 1712, 1642) khajurAho saMgrahAlaya meM haiM jo madhyakAlIna kalA kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| isI saMgrahAlaya meM RSabhanAtha kI jo sarvAdhika suMdara mUrti (1830, citra 376 ka) hai usakA siMhAsana gaharAI taka utkIrNa hai ora usapara tIrthakara pAsIna-mudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usake kIti-mukha se eka mAlA laTaka rahI hai| bhAmaNDala sAta vRttAkAroM se Alikhita hai| kIrti-mukha se laTakatI mAlA se chUtA huA eka azvArohI aMkita hai| mastaka para kamala ke Upara chatra hai| tInoM vidyAdhara meghamAlA meM ur3ate hue dikhAye gaye haiN| pArzvanAtha kI eka ullekhanIya mUrti (citra 376kha) prastuta lekhaka ko ghaNTAI-maMdira ke samIpa eka kheta meM 1966-67 meM prApta haI thI jo aba jaina saMgraha (100) meM hai| lAMchana sarpa kI pUMcha 612

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adhyAya 38 ] GRE jaina saMgraha : khajurAho : eka dRzya citra 375 bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 (ka) khajurAho saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (kha) jaina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho : tIrthakara pArzvanAtha citra 376 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) khajurAho saMgrahAlaya : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha WEINVESTITS (kha) jaina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho : toraNa citra 377

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ khajurAho saMgrahAlaya : yakSI aMbikA (kha) khajurAho saMgrahAlaya tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha : citra 378 1151 [ bhAga 10 1651

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adhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) devagar3ha : tIrthakara (kha) devagar3ha : tIrthakara (ga) devagar3ha : saradala ke eka khaNDa para tri-mUrtikA, anya tIrthaMkara, navagraha aura yakSiyA~ citra 379

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[saMgahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) devagar3ha : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (kha) devagar3ha : tIrthaMkara pAzvanAtha aura RSabhanAtha (ga) devagar3ha : yakSI cakrezvarI citra 380 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (ka) devagar3ha : upAdhyAya (kha) devagar3ha : bAhubalI (ga) devagar3ha : staMbha citra 381

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 devagar3ha : cakravartI bharata citra 382 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya siMhAsana ke AvaraNa para phailI hai| usakI kuNDaliyA~ pArzvanAtha kA Asana banatI haiM aura phaNAvalI unake mastaka para vitAna banAye hai| pRthaka-pRthaka sarpa-phaNAvalI se maNDita dharaNeMdra aura padmAvatI siMhAsana para padmAsanastha hai| pArzvanAtha ke siMhAsana para donoM prora eka-eka iMdra hai jisake eka hAtha meM kamala aura dUsare meM camara hai| isa zilA ke eka kinAre eka paTTI meM gaja, vyAla, makara Adi ke aMkana haiM / phaNAvalI ke donoM ora, yakSoM ke Upara gaja hai aura chatra ke donoM ora deva aura vidyAdhara haiM jinake hAthoM meM saMgIta-vAdya tathA mAlAe~ haiN| tIrthakara ke avayava sAnupAta haiN| keza-rAzi uSNISa-baddha hai / khajurAho saMgrahAlaya kI eka ullekhanIya pArzvanAtha-mUrti (1654,citra 377 ka) khaDgAsana-mudrA meM hai jisake yakSa aura yakSI bhI dikhAye gaye haiN| isameM jo ullekhanIya hai vaha hai sabhI nau grahoM kI prastuti jabaki pArzvanAtha se sarvAdhika saMgati sUrya kI hai, jisakI upAsanA ravivAra ke dina kI jAtI hai| kadAcit yaha mUrti kisI vizeSa anuSThAna ke lie banAyI gayI hogii| ___ khajurAho meM yadyapi zAMtinAtha kI bhI mUrtiyA~ banIM paraMtu yahA~ ke donoM saMgrahoM meM isa tIrthaMkara kI eka bhI mUrti ullekhanIya nhiiN| mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ yahA~ adhika nahIM banIM, ve kevala bIsa milI haiM / khajurAho-saMgrahAlaya kI eka mahAvIra-mUrti (457) para 'praNamati vIranAthadeva' zabda utkIrNa hai| dUsare abhilekha 'rUpakAra kumArasIha' ko mUrtikAra kA nAmollekha mAnA jA sakatA hai| mahAvIra kI kucha mUrtiyA~ aura bhI haiM (khajurAho saMgrahAlaya kI 1631, 1637,1686 tathA jaina saMgraha kI kucha kramAMka-rahita) / yadi yaha paraMparAgata mAnyatA svIkArya ho ki sabhI lAMchana-rahita mUrtiyA~ mahAvIra kI hotI haiM, to isa tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyA~ eka sau se adhika hoNgii| jaina saMgraha meM eka aisA kalAvazeSa (102,citra 377 kha) hai jise kisI mUrti ke toraNa kA UparI bhAga mAnA jA sakatA hai, usake madhya meM eka tIrthaMkara kI AsIna mUti utkIrNa hai jisakI pUjA ke lie Ate gajArohI nRpa aMkita haiM, gaja zuNDA-daNDoM se kamala dhAraNa kiye haiN| UparI paTTI meM donoM ora hAthoM meM mAlAeM aura kamala dhAraNa kiye vidyAdhara tathA saMgIta-vAdya bajAte hue pATha gaMdharva dikhAye gaye haiN| yaha dRzya tIrthaMkaroM ke janma-kalyANaka kA ho sakatA hai| yakSa-yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ : khajurAho meM dharaNeMdra, padmAvatI kI aneka mUrtiyA~ hai jinameM sarvAdhika suMdara vaha (prathama khaNDa meM citra 163) hai jo zAMtinAtha maMdira meM prAMgaNa meM uttara-pazcima koNa para dIvAla meM jar3a dI gayI hai, aura jise kabhI tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA mAnA jAtA rhaa| donoM pRthaka-pRthaka kalApUrNa AsanoM para isa taraha AsIna haiM ki unakA bAyA~ paira mur3a gayA hai aura dAyA~ kamala para rakhA gayA hai / dharaNeMdra ghuTanoM taka dhotI pahane hai aura usakA uttarIya kaMdhoM para se pairoM taka laTakA hai| usake dAyeM hAtha meM nArikela hai aura bAyeM meM kamala jo aba khaNDita hai| padmAvatI kI kar3hI huI sAr3I usake pairoM taka hai aura uttarIya usakI bhujAoM ko chUtA huA pairoM taka A gayA hai| vipula prAbhUSaNoM se maNDita yaha devI dAyeM hAtha meM nArikela aura bAyeM meM zizu ko dhAraNa kiye hai / yakSa-yakSI ke pIche pRthaka-pRthaka bhAmaNDala hai aura unake madhya eka vRkSa kA aMkana hai jisake agrabhAga para eka tIrthaMkara-mUrti utkIrNa hai| tIrthaMkara kI donoM ora sAmAnya rUpa se draSTavya vidyAdhara Adi kI saMdara 613

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 prastuti hai| nIce pAdapITha ke donoM ora eka-eka camaradhAriNI aura do-do puruSa-prAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiM / madhya meM eka devatA aura do baddhAMjali paricAraka haiN| khajurAho saMgrahAlaya meM eka dharaNeMdra-padmAvatI-mUrti (1609) hai para vaha utanI kalAtmaka nahIM hai| jyAmiti ke AdhAra para aMkita vRkSa kI paMktiyA~ prabhAvahIna haiM, yahI sthiti unake pAdapITha aura parikara kI hai aura unake vastra aura AbhUSaNa bhI sUkSmatA se Alikhita nahIM haiN| khajurAho saMgrahAlaya meM aMbikA kI eka suMdara mUrti (1608) hai jo gahare lAla raMga ke baluA pASANa se nirmita hai| yaha devI AmravRkSa ke nIce khar3I hai jo phaloM se ladA hai aura jisake agra bhAga para neminAtha virAjamAna haiM / usake tIna hAtha khaNDita haiM aura eka kI aMguli pakar3akara usakA variSTha putra zubhaMkara usake pAsa khar3A hai| usakA kaniSTha putra priyaMkara aura vAhana siMha usake bAyeM aMkita hai| pA~ca deviyoM kA eka-eka samUha donoM ora khar3A aMbikA kI paricaryA meM saMlagna hai| devI ke avayava sAnupAta haiM, use vipula prAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta dikhAyA gayA hai aura usakI keza-sajjA AkarSaka hai| isase bhI bar3I eka aMbikA-mUrti jaina cAradIvArI meM sthita kuMe kI dIvAla meM lagI hai| jisake agrabhAga para tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM virAjamAna haiM aise AmravRkSa ke nIce tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3I devI ke pIche eka aNDAkAra bhAmaDaNla hai, mastaka para suMdara mukuTa hai aura usakA zarIra sabhI pralaMkAroM se AbhUSita hai; yadyapi, usake cAroM hAtha khaNDita haiN| usakA eka putra aura siMha bAyeM aura eka daMpati nIce prastuta haiN| pAdapITha para tIna paMktiyoM kA eka abhilekha hai jo aba aspaSTa ho gayA hai para usakA saMvat (vikrama) 1216 par3hA jA sakatA hai| usI para dUsarI ora eka aura abhilekha hai jisake zabda kadAcit 'rUpakara-lata' haiM jo mUrtikAra ke nAma kA saMketa karate haiM / jaina saMgraha meM bhI aMbikA kI eka mahattvapUrNa mUrti (42) hai jo AmravRkSa ke nIce tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3I hai| eka dAyeM hAtha meM vaha AmrakhaMba dhAraNa kiye hai (dUsarA dAyA~ hAtha khaNDita hai) aura bAyeM Upara ke hAtha meM kamala aura nicale meM putra zubhaMkara ko liye hai| dUsarA putra priyaMkara phala liye usake pAsa khar3A hai| aMbikA kI kucha aura mUrtiyA~ khajurAho saMgrahAlaya (820 jisameM pAdapITha para eka daMpati aura camaradhAriNiyA~ aMkita haiM aura devI ke hAthoM meM kamala hai; 1467, citra 378 ka; aura 1608 jo mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai) aura jaina saMgrahAlaya (66) meM haiN| khajurAho saMgrahAlaya meM eka suMdara saradala (1467) hai jisapara aMbikA,cakrezvarI aura padamAvatI apane-apane parikara ke sAtha aMkita haiM (citra 378 ka), yaha caMdela-kalA kA eka acchA udAharaNa hai / eka vyaMtara zAkhA ke nIce lalitAsanastha navagraha prastuta haiN| jaina saMgraha meM eka siMhAsana (55) hai jisapara cakrezvarI kI AkarSaka mUrti utkIrNa hai| isake bArahoM hAtha aura donoM paira khaNDita haiM, vaha garur3a para pAsIna hai, Upara eka tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora anya tIrthaMkaroM kI eka-eka khaNDita mUrti hai jo kadAcit RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha haiN| isI saMgraha ke eka saradala para cakrezvarI aMkita hai jisakI donoM ora aMbikA kI eka-eka mUrti pRthak-pRthak khaNDoM meM utkIrNa hai| RSabhanAtha kI adhikAMza matiyoM ke pAdapITha para gomukha aura cakrezvarI kI laghu AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| khajarAho saMgrahAlaya kI vaha mUrti (1601) bahuta UMcI hone se ullekhanIya hai jo kisI zAsanadevI kI hai 614

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya (vaha kadAcita cakrezvarI hai kyoMki usake Upara navagrahoM kI prastuti hai)| isI saMgrahAlaya meM RSabhanAtha kI eka suMdara mUrti (1651) hai jisakA pAdapITha do kAraNoM se mahattvapUrNa hai, prathama isalie ki usapara siMhoM ke sthAna para eka-eka devI aMkita hai aura dUsare isalie ki usa para gomukha aura cakrezvarI kI prastuti atyaMta suMdara bana par3I hai, yadyapi ve kucha-kucha khaNDita ho gaye haiM (citra 378 kha) / dikpAla : khajurAho ke saMgrahAlayoM meM dikpAloM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki pArzvanAtha-maMdira meM ye yathAsthAna prastuta kiye gaye haiM para AdinAtha-maMdira meM unakA sthAna yakSa gomukha le letA hai| toraNa Adi : khajurAho meM aneka toraNa prApta hue haiM jo kadAcit vediyoM yA bar3I mUrtiyoM para rahe hoNge| jaina saMgraha meM aise pA~ca toraNa haiN| khajurAho saMgrahAlaya kA eka saradala (1724) isalie ullekhanIya hai kyoMki usapara kucha tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta bharata aura bAhubalI kA bhI aMkana hai| nIraja jaina devagar3ha ke saMgrahAlaya brAhmaNa aura jaina maMdiroM ke kAraNa vikhyAta devagar3ha, jilA lalitapura, apanI mUrti-saMpadA ke kAraNa bhI suparicita hai jo sAtavIM-AThavIM se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka nirmita huii| yadyapi, yaha vizvAsa bhI kiyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ nirmANa kArya gupta kAla (citra 378 kha) meM prAraMbha ho gayA thA aura lagabhaga mugala kAla taka calatA rhaa| yahA~ bikharI mUrtiyoM ko ekatra karake unase maMdiroM kI cAroM ora eka cahAradIvArI banA dI gayI hai aura kucha ko devagar3ha meM hI nirmita sAha jaina saMgrahAlaya meM rakhA gayA hai| isake atirikta eka zAsakIya saMgraha bhI hai| rAjya saMgrahAlayoM, lakhanaU aura samaMtabhadra vidyAlaya, dillI ke saMgrahAlayoM meM bhI devagar3ha kI kucha kalAkRtiyA~ haiM / devagar3ha ke jaina zilpa meM tIrthaMkaroM, zAsanadeviyoM, catuviMzati-paTToM, vidyAdharoM, sarvatobhadrikAoM, sahasrakUToM, prAcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM, mAnastaMbhoM, staMbhoM, aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke vividha rUpa to dRSTigata hote hI haiM, vibhinna mUrtizAstrIya aMkana bhI vidyamAna haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM uttara-gupta-pratIhAra aura caMdela-zailiyoM kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| 1 lekhaka dvArA preSita eka adhyAya kA saMkSipta rUpa--saMpAdaka. 2 lekhaka kA kathana hai ki devagar3ha meM eka maurya kAlIna abhilekha hai aura kucha mUtiyoM para (jaise eka tIrthakara-mUrti, citra 379ka) gaMdhAra-kalA kA prabhAva hai.--saMpAdaka. 615

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 devagar3ha meM adhikatara matiyA~ tIrthaMkaroM kI haiM; unameM bhI adhikatara AdinAtha (citra 380, ka, kha), pArzvanAtha (citra 380 kha), neminAtha, sumatinAtha aura mahAvIra kI haiN| adhikAMza tIrthaMkaramUrtiyA~ zilApaTToM meM utkIrNa kI gayI haiM, aura unake anya rUpa meM haiM catuviMzati-paTTa, dvi-mUrtikA, (citra 376 ga) aura sarvatobhadrikA / eka staMbha para tIrthaMkaroM kI eka sau chiyattara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM, isake atirikta eka sahasrakUTa bhI hai| tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ analikhita mahattvapUrNa haiM : (1) siMhAsana para padmAsana meM AsIna tIrthaMkara jisake Asana para donoM ora eka-eka siMha aura unake madhya eka dharmacakra aMkita hai| yaha ati khaNDita mUrti devagar3ha kI tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM meM kadAcitra prAcInatama hai aura yaha guptakAla kI mAnI jAnI caahie| yaha aba maMdira-12 kI cahAradIvArI meM jar3I huI hai| (2) eka tIrthakara (zAMtinAtha) kI kAyotsarga-mudrA meM sthita mUrti ke pAdapITha para bAyeM siMha aura dAyeM mRga kA aMkana hai, jo eka asAmAnya vizeSatA pratIta hotI hai| cakrezvarI devI (citra 380 ga) kI do mUrtiyA~ sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita haiN| inameM se vaha atyaMta suMdara kRti hai jo pahale maMdira-12 ke aMtarAla meM rakhI thii| usameM yaha dvAdaza-bhujI devI apane vAhana garuDa para AsIna hai aura usake eka hAtha meM akSamAlA, eka meM zaMkha aura sAta meM cakra haiM, zeSa hAtha khaNDita haiM, aMbikA kI eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa mUrti maMdira-12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra para aMkita hai| dharaNedra-padmAvatI kI (kisI samaya ye tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA kI mAnI jAtI rahIM) aneka mUrtiyA~ haiM / ye do prakAra kI haiN| pahale prakAra meM padmAvatI apanI goda meM eka bAlaka ko dhAraNa kiye hue hai aura dUsare prakAra meM vaha apane pati kI bagala meM yA usakI goda meM baiThI huI hai| jaina adhyApaka (upAdhyAya) kI mati (citra 381 ka) bhI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai jo aba sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya ke pIche ke jaina maMdira meM rakhI hai| upAdhyAya parameSThI padmAsanastha hai aura usa para pA~ca paMktiyoM kA vikrama saMvat 1333 kA eka abhilekha hai| sAha jaina saMgrahAlaya meM isI parameSThI kI eka ardha-paryaMkAsanastha mati hai| sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita bharata kI kAyotsarga-mUrti (citra 382) bhI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai jisameM nau ghaToM ke rUpa meM nava-nidhiyA~ aMkita kI gayI haiN| prAraMbhika mUrtiyoM meM eka bAhubalI (citra 381 kha) kI hai jo usa dazA meM bhI pUrNatayA dhyAnamagna rahe dikhAye gaye haiM jaba do nAriyAM unake zarIra para lipaTI latAoM ko haTA rahI hotI haiM, yaha mUrti sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| bhAgacandra jaina 616

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adhyAya 38 ] (kha) zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa : tIrthakara mahAvIra kI kAMsya mUrti (kAlI) (ka) zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa tIrthaMkara sumanAtha kI mUrti ( citra 383 . bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [bhAga 10 (ka) zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya madrAsa : tIrthakara mahAvIra kI kAMsya-mUrti (siMganikuppam) (kha) zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya madrAsa : yakSI aMbikA kI kAMsya-mUrti (siMganikuppam ) citra 384 For Privale & Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 38 ] bhArata ke saMgrahAlaya tamilanADu ke saMgrahAlaya rAjakIya, saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa' kI kAMsya pratimAe~ tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ : sumatinAtha kI eka kAMsya-pratimA (36-1/35; U~cAI 32.5 seM0 mI0) garI jile ke kogalI se prApta kI gayI hai| isameM siMhAsana para padamAsana-madrA meM tIrthaMkara ko baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| siMhAsana ke madhya meM cakra aMkita hai| pAdapITha para vimAna ke rUpa meM eka vistRta prabhAvalI hai jisapara anya devI-devatAoM kI pratimAe~ aMkita haiN| yakSa aura yakSI, yakSI ke samIpa eka bauno AkRti aura do camaradhArI sevikAe~ tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM aMkita haiM / tIrthaMkara tihare chatra aura bhAmaNDala se yukta haiN| pAdapITha para utkIrNa kannar3a bhASA meM likhe abhilekha meM isa pratimA ke zilpI ke nAma kA ullekha hai (citra 383 k)| kogalI se anya tIrthakara-pratimAeM bhI prApta huI haiM jinameM se pArzvanAtha kI pratimA (36-1/35, U~cAI 23.5 seMmI.) meM paMca-phaNI nAga-chatra ke nIce tIrthaMkara padmAsana-mudrA meM dikhAye gaye haiN| mahAvIra kI pratimA meM se eka pratimA (36-2/35; U~cAI 36.3 seM. mI.) meM tIrthaMkara ko AyatAkAra pAdapITha para AdhArita cAra pairoM vAle siMhAsana para padmAsana meM darzAyA gayA hai / yakSa aura yakSI pArzvavartI prakSiptoM ko AdhAra pradAna kiye haiM / vistRta kintu khaNDita prabhAvalI para teIsa tIrthaMkara-pratimAeM aMkita haiM, jinake zIrSa-bhAga para pArzvanAtha pradarzita haiN| mahAvIra ke Upara tiharA chatra evaM pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI sevaka haiN| yaha pratimA bhalI-bhAMti pariSkRta hai| bAla dhuMgharAle gucchedAra haiM aura laMbI laTAeM donoM kaMdhoM para laharA rahI haiM (citra 383 kh)| kogalI se hI prApta eka dUsarI mahAvIra-pratimA (36-3/35 U~cAI 13.3 seM. mI.) meM tIrthaMkara pAdapITha para rakhe Asana para baiThe hue haiN| unakA lAMchana siMha ghuTanoM ke bala se baiThe hue do upAsakoM ke madhya meM aMkita hai / Asana para AdhRta prabhA para gaMdharva aura hAtha meM pustaka liye vidyAdevI pradarzita hai| tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM aura yakSa khar3e haiN| mahAvIra kI eka anya khaNDita pratimA (36-4/35; UMcAI 26 seM. mI.) meM tIthaMkara siMhAsana para baiThe hue haiN| siMhAsana ke sammukha-bhAga meM tIna siMha haiM jinameM se bIca kA siMha unakA lAMchana hai / khaNDita prabhA para eka tiharA chatra tathA eka dUsarA bhAmaNDala aMkita hai| pAdapITha para aMkita kannar3a abhilekha meM isa pratimA kI dAnadAtA mahilA ke nAma kA ullekha hai / dakSiNa ArkATa jile ke siMganikuppam se prApta pratimAoM meM mahAvIra kI do pratimAeM haiM / pahalI pratimA (386/57; U~cAI 84 seM. mI.) meM tIrthaMkara ko eka padma ke Asana para kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara kA dAyA~ hAtha khaNDita hai / yaha pratimA samAnupAtika, sucikkaNa aura pArkaSaka hai| isa pratimA ke lie caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai (citra 384 k)| dUsarI pratimA (360/57; U~cAI 16 seM0 mI0) dhAtu 1 lekhaka ko yaha sUcanAeM rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, madrAsa ke kalA aura purAtattva ke saMgrahAdhyakSa zrI vI0 ena0 zrInivAsa desIgana, jo isa saMgrahAlaya kI kAMsya-pratimAoM kI sUcI taiyAra kara rahe haiM, dvArA pradAna kI gayI haiN| 2. [supArzvanAtha ? - saMpAdaka.] 617

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saMgrahAlayoM meM kalAkRtiyA~ [ bhAga 10 nirmita eka vRttAkAra pleTa para khar3I hai / yaha pleTa saMbhavataH usa pAdapITha se saMlagna thI jo lupta ho cukA hai / kogalI se prApta kucha anya tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ bhI haiM jinheM pahacAnA nahIM jA sakatA tathA ye pratimAe~ anya sAmAnya prAkRtiyoM se bhI rahita haiN| rAmanAthapuram jile ke zivagaMgA nAmaka sthAna se prApta eka tIrthaMkara-pratimA (U~cAI 36 seM0 mI0) meM tIrthaMkara ko eka sAdA paraMtu uttama rUpa se nirmita ucca bhadrAsana para ardha-paryaMkAsana-mudrA meM baiThe hue darzAyA gayA hai| Asana ke pIche do camaradhArI karaNDa-mukuTa pahane tri-bhaMga-mudrA meM samAnupAtika DhaMga se khar3e hue haiN| tIrthaMkara-pratimA sugaThita hai / prAsana ke pIche kinAre para siMha kA kalA-pratIka aMkita hai jo Asana ko paraMparAnugata rUpa se siMhAsana ke rUpa meM darzAtA hai| pAdapITha ke donoM konoM para do siMha aura aMkita haiM jinake siroM para choTI-choTI kIleM lagI huI haiM jo prabhA ko saMyukta karane ke lie haiN| camaradhAriyoM ke vastrAbhUSaNa isa pratimA ke lie uttara pANDya kAla kI tithi, lagabhaga san 1200 kA saMketa dete haiN| uttara ArkATa jile ke tirumale se prApta do sevakoM sahita padmAsana caMdraprabha kI pratimA (8/27) tathA dakSiNa ArkATa jile ke giDaMgila se hAla hI meM prApta terahavIM zatAbdI kI RSabhanAthapratimA bhI isa saMgrahAlaya kI ullekhanIya pratimAe~ haiN| aMbikA yakSI pratimA : siMganikuppam se aMbikA yakSI kI eka khaNDita pratimA (321/57 U~cAI 87.7 seM. mI.) prApta huI hai| yakSI bhadrAsana para AdhArita eka suMdara padma ke Asana para AkarSaka tri-bhaMga mudrA meM khar3I huI hai| bhadrAsana kA sammukha-bhAga prakSipta hai| yakSI kA bAyA~ hAtha tri-bhaMga mudrA meM khar3I mAlA-dhAriNI manohara ceTI (sevikA) ke sira para TikA huA hai| yakSI ke dAyIM ora eka choTA zizu khar3A hai / yakSI caur3e-caur3e galahAra, bAjUbaMda tathA cUr3iyA~ pahane hue hai| yakSI ke adhovastra kA chora DhIlA hai jo laharA rahA hai tathA bagaloM meM phaMdanoM se kasA huA hai| Age kI ora mAlA laTaka rahI hai| tIthaMkara kI eka laghu pratimA karaNDa-mukuTa dhAraNa kiye hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga terahavIM zatAbdI kI hai (citra 384 kha) / rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, puDukkoTTai kI kAMsya pratimAe~ isa saMgrahAlaya kI samasta jaina kAMsya-pratimAe~ puDukkoTTai nagara ke kalasakkaDu nAmaka sthAna se prApta huI haiN| pArzvanAtha kI do pratimAoM (mApa 20.3 tathA 10 seM0 mI0) meM se pahalI pratimA prAraMbhika tathA dUsarI uttaravartI zailI meM hai| ye donoM hI pratimAe~ pAdapITha para nAga-phaNa chatra ke nIce kAyotsarga-madrA meM haiN| mahAvIra kI pratimA (mApa 10 seM. mI.) pAdapITha para ardha-paryakAsana-mudrA meM dhyAnastha hai| caturviMzati-paTTa-pratimA (mApa 37 seM0 mI0) meM mUlanAyaka RSabhanAtha pAdapITha para kAyotsarga-mudrA meM aMkita haiN| unake cAroM ora prabhA-maNDala hai jisakI paridhi para teIsa tIrthakara utkIrNa haiN| ke0 prAra0 zrInivAsan 618

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pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA

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agra-maNDapa : aNDaka pratibhaMga : adhiSThAna : dhanapata-hAra aMtarapatra : aMtarAla : abhaya : sarva-maNDapa ati-hAra azva-thara : aSTApada : udgama : upapITha : upAna : pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA' arthAt mukha maNDapa praveza - maNDapa laghu - zikhara kI eka Diz2Aina jisameM atyadhika vakratA ho maMdira kI goTedAra caukI vedi-baMdha kA paryAya : vimAna kI mukhya bhitti se pRthaka sthita eka hAra do prakSipta goToM ke madhya kA eka aMtarita goTA uraga kakSAsana : kaTTu (tamila) kapota : garbhagRha aura maNDapa ke madhya kA bhAga saMrakSaNa kI sUcaka eka hasta-mudrA eka khAMce vAlA staMbhAdhArita maNDapa jo prAyaH praveza dvAra se saMyukta hotA hai; arthAt mukha-maNDapa vimAna kI mukhya bhitti se saMyukta eka hAra paravoM kI paMkti prayAga-paTTa: Asana-paTTa uttara (tamila) : mukhya gharaNa yA kar3I ATha pIThikAoM se nirmita eka vizeSa parvata (yA usakI anukRti ) jisapara AdinAtha ne nirvAraNa prApta kiyA jaina mUrtiyoM aura pratIkoM se aMkita zilA-paTTa kakSAsana yA caitya ( chajjedAra ) gavAkSa kA eka samatala goTA caitya-toraNoM kI trikoNikA jo sAmAnyataH deva-koSThoM para zikhara kI bhA~ti prastuta kI jAtI hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya adhiSThAna ke nIce kA upa-zradhiSThAna dakSiNa bhAratIya pradhiSThAna kA sabase nIce kA bhAga yA pAyA jo uttara bhAratIya khura se milatAjulatA hai madhyavartI prakSepa se saMyukta kaMgUrA chajjadAra gavAkSa ke DhAladAra takiye kA mukhya goTA staMbha ke Upara ke aura nIce ke do catuSkoNa bhAgoM ke madhya kA bhraSTakoNa bhAga kArniza kI taraha kA nIce kI ora jhukA huA vaha goTA jo sAmAnyataH caukI ( adhiSThAna yA veda ke Upara hotA hai 1 sthUla akSaroM meM mudrita zabdoM kI vyAkhyA yahIM yathAsthAna dI gayI hai / 621

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pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karNa / koNa-prastara yA konA; koNa-prakSepa karNa-kUTa : karNa yA kone ke Upara nirmita laghu maMdira yA kaMgUrA karNa-zrRMga : karNa yA kone para nirmita kaMgUrA karNikA / asi-dhAra kI taraha kA goTA; patalA paTTI-jaisA goTA kalaza / puSpakoza ke AkAra kA goTA, jisakA AkAra ghaTa ke samAna hotA hai ; dakSiNa-bhAratIya staMbha zIrSa kA sabase nIce kA eka bhAga kAyotsarga : khaDgAsana kI taraha kA vaha Asana jisameM khar3I huI tIrthakara-mUrtiyA~ hotI haiM kIcaka aiTalasa; eka baunA vyakti jo bhAra ko yA bhavana ke UparI bhAga ko dhAraNa karatA hai kIrtimukha / kalA meM pracalita eka pratIkAtmaka DijAina jisakI banAvaTa siMha ke zIrSa kI-sI hotI hai kuMbha / adhiSThAna (vedi-baMdha) kA khura ke Upara kA eka goTA; dakSiNa-bhAratIya staMbha-zIrSa kA eka UparI bhAga kuMbhikA / staMbha kI pralaMkRta caukI kUDa (tmil)| vakra kArnisa (kapota) se prAraMbha hone vAlA eka aisA prakSipta bhAga jo toraNa ke nIce khulA hotA hai| arthAt catya-gavAkSa kSipta-vitAna / natodara chata khaTvAMga / eka asthi para TaMgA naramuNDa (eka bhayAnaka devatA kI vastu) khattaka / atyaMta alakRta prakSipta pAlA jo gavAkSa se milatA-julatA hai khura / adhiSThAna (vedi-baMdha) kA sabase nIce kA goTA gajatAlu : chata kA eka avayava jo maMjUSAkAra sUcyagra ke samAna hotA hai gaja-thara / gajoM kI paMkti gaja-pRSThAkRti / gaja-pRSTha ke AkAra kA maMdira; ardha-vRttAkAra garbhagRha maMdira kA mUla bhAga yA garbhAlaya gopura / mukhya dvAra; praveza-dvAra ke Upara kI nimiti grAsa-paTTI / kItimukhoM kI paMkti grIvA mukhya nirmiti ke zikhara ke nIce kA bhAga ghaTa-pallava: pallavAMkita ghaTa kI DijAina caturmukha : arthAt caumukha (khI) yA sarvatobhadra; maMdiroM yA maMdira yA maMdira-anukRti kA aisA prakAra jo cAroM ora anAvRta hotA hai caturviMzati-paTTa / eka zilA yA paMkti yA mUrti-paTTa jisapara caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ hoM catuSkI : khA~cA, cAra staMbhoM ke madhya kA sthAna; arthAt caukI caMdra-zilA : sabase nIce kA argha-caMdrAkAra sopAna caitya-gavAkSa / arthAt vaha Diz2Aina jise kuDu yA caitya-vAtAyana kahate haiM caumukha (khI) : arthAt caturmukha 622

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pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA chAdya : chaditaTa-prakSepa jagatI : aisA pITha jo sAmAnyataH goTedAra hotA hai jaMghA : maMdira kA vaha madhyavartI bhAga jo adhiSThAna se Upara aura zikhara se nIce hotA hai jADya-kuMbha : madhyakAla ke maMdira meM draSTavya pITha (caukI) kA sabase nIce kA goTA jAlaka : jAlI jo sAmAnyata: gavAkSa meM yA zikhara para hotI hai / jIvaMtasvAmI : mukuTa aura AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kiye khar3e hue mahAvIra kI mUrti taraMga : eka laharadAra DijAina jo pazcima ke eka goTe se milatI-julatI hai taraMga-potikA : tor3A-yukta zIrSa jisakA goTA ghumAvadAra hotA hai tala : maMdira, vimAna yA gopura kA eka khaNDa; arthAt bhUmi / dakSiNa-bhAratIya vimAna meM eka, do yA tIna yA isase bhI adhika tala ho sakate haiN| sabase nIce kA khaNDa mAdi-tala aura madhya kA khaNDa madhya tala kahalAtA hai tADi (tamila) : dakSiNa-bhAratIya staMbha ke zIrSa kA eka gaddInumA bhAga tilaka : eka prakAra kI kaMgUroM kI DijAina toraNa : aneka prakAroM aura DijAinoM kA alaMkRta dvAra trika-maNDapa : tIna catuSkiyoM yA khA~coM sahita aisA maNDapa jisakA pracalana madhya kAla meM, vizeSataH jaina maMdiroM meM thA trikUTa : tIna vimAna jo eka hI adhiSThAna para nirmita hoM yA eka hI maNDapa se saMyukta hoM tri-zAkha : dvAra ke tIna alakRta pakkhoM ke sahita caukhaTa daNDa-chAdya : chata kA siidh| kinArA arthAt chaditaTa-prakSapa devakulikA : laghu-maMdira ; bhamatI ke sammukha sthita saha-maMdira nadIzvara-ddhIpa : jaina loka-vidyA kA pAThavA mahAdvIpa nava-raMga : vaha mahA-maNDapa jisameM cAra madhyavartI aura bAraha paridhIya staMbhoM kI aisI yojanA hotI hai ki usase nau khAMce bana jAte haiM nara-thara : mAnava-prAkRtiyoM kI pakti nAbhicchada : eka prakAra kI malakRta chata jisapara maMjUSAkAra sUcyanoM kI DijAina hotI hai nAla-maNDapa : arthAt balAnaka yA pAvata sopAna-yukta praveza-dvAra nAsikA : (zabdArtha-nAka) dakSiNa bhAratIya vimAna kA vaha khulA huA bhAga jo prakSipta aura toraNa-yukta hotA hai alpa-nAsikA yA kSudra-nAsikA usase laghutara aura mahAnAsikA bRhattara hotI hai niraMdhAra-prAsAda : pradakSiNA-patha se rahita maMdira niSadyA, niSedhikA, : jaina mahApuruSa kA smAraka-staMbha yA zilA nRtya-maNDapa : arthAt raMga-maNDapa; paristaMbhIya sabhA-maNDapa paMca-tIthikA : pA~ca tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM se sahita paTTa paMca-meru : jaina paraMparA ke pAMca meruSoM kI anukRti 623

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paMca-ratha / paMca-zAkhA : paMcAyatana : paMjara : paTTa : paTTikA : patra - latA : patra - zAkhA : padma : padma baMdha : padma- zilA parikara : pAza : pITha : prati-ratha : pradakSiNA : pradakSiNA-patha : prastAra : prAkAra : prAga-grIvA : phalaka : phAMsanA : balAnaka : pinA bhadra : bhadra-pITha : bhamatI : bharaNI : bhiTTa : makara- toraNa : pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA pA~ca prapekSoM sahita maMdira dvAra kI pAMca alaMkRta pabaloM sahita caulaTa cAra laghu maMdiroM se parivRta maMdira laghu ardhavRttAkAra maMdira arthAt nIDa alaMkaraNa se rahita yA sahita paTTI zilA - sadRza goTA ; sabase Upara kA eka goTA patrAMkita lattAoM kI paMkti praveza dvAra kA vaha pakkhA jisapara patrAMkana hotA hai kamalAkAra goTA yA eka bhAga; dakSiNa bhAratIya phalaka ko AdhAra dene ke lie banAyA jAne vAlA eka kamalAkAra zIrSa bhAga eka alaMkRta paTTI jo dakSiNa bhAratIya staMbha ke madhya bhAga aura zIrSa-bhAga ke madhya meM hotI hai chata kA atyalaMkRta kamalAkAra lolaka mUrti ke sAtha kI anya zrAkRtiyA~ jAla yA phaMdA caukI yA pAda-pITha bhadra aura karNa ke madhya kA prakSepa parikramA parikramA patha dakSiNa bhAratIya vimAna kA vistAra maMdira ko parivRta karane vAlI bhitti mukha-maNDapa kA prakSepa, arthAt agra-maNDapa staMbha kA zIrSa bhAga bhavana kA Ar3e pIThoM se banA vaha UparI bhAga jo pazcima bhAratIya sthApatya meM pracalita hai aura jise ur3IsA ke sthApatya meM pIDA deuna kahA jAtA hai| AvRta sopAna yaddha praveza-dvAra jaMghA ko UparI aura nicale bhAgoM meM vibhakta karane vAlA eka prakSipta goTA garbhagRha kA madhyavartI prakSepa goTedAra pAda pITha kA eka dakSiNa bhAratIya prakAra madhyakAla ke jaina maMdiroM meM draSTavya staMbhoM ke madhya kA mArga staMbha - zIrSa maMdira kA upa-adhiSThAna praveza dvAra kA alaMkaraNa yA makara-mukhoM se nikalatA baMdanavAra 624

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pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA maMca: dakSiNa bhAratIya adhiSThAna kA eka prakAra maMcikA : paTTikA ke samAna eka UparI goTA madhya-baMdha : jaMghA, staMbha Adi kI vaha paTTI jisake madhya meM udbhata paTTI yA paMkti hotI hai maMdAraka : dvAra kI alaMkRta dehalI maNDovara : pITha, vaivi-baMdha aura jaMghA se milakara bane bhAga kA nAma jo pazcima-bhAratIya sthApatya meM pracalita hai mahA-maNDapa : madhyakAla ke maMdira meM draSTavya vaha madhyavartI staMbhAghArita maNDapa jisake donoM pArzva anAvRta hote haiM mAna-staMbha : cAroM ora se nirAdhAra staMbha jisake zIrSa para tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ hotI haiM mukha-catuSkI : praveza-dvAra se saMyukta mukha-maNDapa yA sAmane kA khAMcA mukha-maNDapa : sAmane kA yA praveza-dvAra se sayukta maNDapa mUla-nAyaka ! mukhya sthAna para sthApita tIrthakara-mUrti mUla-prAsAda : mUla maMdira varada : vara pradAna karane kI sUcaka hasta-mudrA varaNDikA : kucha goToM se milakara banA vaha bhAga jo jaMghA aura zikhara ke madhya meM hotA hai vedi-baMdha : dekhie adhiSThAna ratna-zAkhA : praveza-dvAra kA hIraka-alaMkaraNa sahita pakkhA ratha : maMdira kA prakSepa raMga-maNDapa : staMbhAdhArita maNDapa jo cAroM ora anAvRta hotA hai rAja-senaka : kakSAsana yA chajjedAra gavAkSa kA sabase nIce kA goTA rUpa-kaNTha : prAkRtiyoM se alaMkRta eka aMtarita paTTI yA paMkti rUpa-zAkhA : praveza-dvAra kA prAkRtiyoM se alaMkRta pakkhA lalitAsana : vizrAma kA eka Asana jisameM eka paira mor3akara pITha para rakhA hotA hai aura dUsarA pITha se laTakakara manojJa lagatA hai zaduram (tamila): dakSiNa-bhAratIya staMbha kA catuSkoNa bhAga zAkhA : dvAra kI caukhaTa kA eka pakkhA zAlA : Dhola ke AkAra kI chata sahita AyatAkAra maMdira zikhara: maMdira kA UparI bhAga yA chata; uttara-bhAratIya zikhara, sAmAnyata: vakra-rekhIya hotA hai, kintu dakSiNa bhAratIya zikhara yA to gubadAkAra hotA hai yA aSTakoNa yA catuSkoNa zukanAsA, uttara-bhAratIyaM maMdira ke zikhara ke sammukha-bhAga se saMyukta eka bAhara nikalA bhAga jisameM eka bar3e zukanAsikA : caitya-gavAkSa kI saMyojanA hotI hai sapta-zAkha : dvAra kI sAta alaMkRta pakkhoM sahita caukhaTa saMdhAra-prAsAda : pradakSiNA-patha sahita maMdira 625

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pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA sabhA-maNDapa : arthAt raMga-maNDapa sabhA-mArga : eka prakAra kI alaMkRta chata jisakI saMracanA aneka maMjUSAkAra sUcyagroM se hotI hai samatala vitAna : annatonnata tala vAlI aisI chata jo sAdhAraNata: paMkti-baddha sUciyoM se alaMkRta hotI hai samavasaraNa : tIrthakara ke upadeza ke lie devoM dvArA nirmita aise maNDapa kI anukRti jisameM, kevala-jJAna ke anaMtara diye jAne vAle tIrthaMkara ke upadeza sunane ko upasthita devoM, manuSyoM aura pazuoM ke lie prAsana yojanA-baddha hote haiM sama-caturasra : vargAkAra banAvaTa sahita sarvatobhadra : arthAt caturmukha; eka prakAra kA cAroM ora sammukha maMdira; cAroM ora mUrtiyoM se saMyojita eka prakAra kI maMdira-anukRti salilAMtara : khar3A aMtarAla sarvatobhadrikA : cAroM ora mUrtiyoM se saMyojita eka prakAra kI maMdira-anukRti sahasra-kUTa : pirAmiDa ke AkAra kI eka maMdira-anukRti jisapara eka sahasra (aneka) tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyAM utkIrNa hotI haiM siddhAsana arthAt dhyAnAsana; AsIna tIrthaMkara kI eka mudrA saMvaraNA: chata jisake triryaka rekhAmoM meM Ayojita bhAgoM para ghaNTikAmoM ke AkAra ke laghu zikhara hote haiM zAkhA : dvAra kI caukhaTa kA eka pakkhA jo bhitti-staMbha ke samAna hotA hai stUpI, stUpikA : dakSiNa-bhAratIya vimAna kA laghu zikhara harmya : madhyavartI tala; dakSiNa-bhAratIya vimAna kA madhyavartI bhAga kUTa, zAlA aura paMjara nAmaka laghu maMdiroM kI paMkti jo dakSiNa-bhAratIya vimAna ke pratyeka tala ko alaMkRta karatI hai hAra : kRSNadeva K - XI SSNYOK 835 626

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jyotirvyantara- bhAvanAmaragRhe merau kulAdrau tathA jambU-zAlmali-caityazAkhiSu tathA vakSAra-rUpyAdriSu / iSvAkAragirau ca kuNDalanage dvIpe ca nandIzvare zaile ye manujottare jinagRhAH kurvantu te maMgalam / /

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MALNAS Mietw . *** Jain Education international

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DOODO www.lapelbra org

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