Haribhadra ke Prakrit Katha Sahitya ka Aalochanatmak Parishilan

Author(s): Nemichandra Shastri
Publisher: Research Institute of Prakrit Jainology & Ahimsa Mujjaffarpur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002143/1

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599 haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya AlocanAtmaka parizIlana DaoN0 nemica zAstrI, jyotiSAcArya, nyAya-kAvya-jyotiSatIrtha, sAhityaratna, ema0 e0 (saMskRta, hindI prAkRta evaM janolaoNjI), pI-esa0 DI0

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Prakrit Jain Institute Research Publication Series VOLUME II General Editor Dr. NATHMAL TATIA, M. A., D. LITT. Director, Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) HARIBHADRA KE PRAKRIT KATHA SAHITYA KA ALOCHANATMAK PARISHILAN Vu Dr. NEMICHANDRA SHASTRI, M A., Ph. D. A BOSS satyameva jayate RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PRAKRIT. JAINOLOGY AND AHIMSA, VAISHALI. MUZAFFARPUR BIHAR 1965

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sarvAdhikAra surakSita mUlya--dasa rupaye tIsa paise prAkRta-jaina-zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna ke lie DA0 nathamala TATiyA, nidezaka, dvArA prakAzita bihAra sacivAlaya mudraNAlaya, gulajArabAga, paTanA-7 dvArA mudrita

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prAkRta jaina zodha granthamAlA aMka 2 haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya AlocanAtmaka parizIlana lekhaka DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, ema0 e0, pI0 eca0 DI0 prAkRta-jaina-zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI mujaphpharapura

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e satyameva jayate The Government of Bihar established the Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa at Vaishali (Muzaffarpur) in 1955 with the object, inter alia, to promote advanced studies and research in Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa, and to publish works of permanent value to scholars. This Institute is one of the five others planned by this Government as a token of their homage to the tradition of learning and scholarship for which ancient Bihar was noted. Apart from the Vaishali Research Institute, four others, namely, the Mithila Institute of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning at Darbhanga, the K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute at Patna, the Bihar Rastra Bhasha Parishad for Research and Advanced Studies in Hindi at Patna and the Nalanda Institute of Research and Post-Graduate Studies in Buddhist Learning and Pali at Nalanda have been established and have been doing useful work during the last few years. As part of this programme of rehabilitating and reorientating ancient learning and scholarship, this is the Research Volume II, which is the Ph. D. thesis of Shri N. C. Shastri, approved by the University of Bihar. The Government of Bihar hope to continue to sponsor such projects and trust that this humble service to the world of scholarship would bear fruit in the fulness of time.

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GENERAL EDITOR'S NOTE It is a matter of genuine pleasure for me to introduce Dr. N. C. Shastri's critical study of the Prakrit narrative literature of Haribhadra. Dr. Shastri is a well-known scholar of Pra krit and Jainism. The work has thrown much welcome light on a very important subject. The Jainas took great interest in the preservation of our ancient tales that otherwise would have been irrevocably lost. Throughout its history, Jainism attracted people towards its rigid moral principles and hard asceticism by means of didactic narratives which had an immense appeal for the common folk. Professor Hertel has shown that the most popular recensions of the Panchatantra are the works of the Jainas. The author has traced the history of the development of Prakrit narrative literature of the Jainas right from their Ardhamagadhi and Sauraseni Canons to the time of Haribhadra and also the period after him. Among the books of the Ardhamagadhi Canon, the Nayadhammakahao, the sixth Anga, contains interesting legends, parables and also regular novels and tales of travellers' adventures, mariners' fairy-tales, robber tales and the like, in which in the words of Professor Winternitz, the parable only appears in the form of a moral clumsily tacked on to the end'. Among the Upangas, the Raya pasenaijja contains a splendid lively dialogue between Kesi and Paesi. Among the Mulasutras, the Uttaradhyayana Sutra contains many beautiful parables and similies, dialogues and ballads, and the commentaries on it are specially remarkable for their f narrative themes, Among the texts of the Sauraseni Canon, those relating to Prathamanuyoga are important sources of ancient legends. In the first chapter, the author has distinguished five stages of the development of the narrative literature of the Jainas, with Haribhadra's relevant works as the pivot and has examined each of these stages in the light of criteria formulated on the basis of the critical method of modern times. The narratives of the Jaina Canon and its commentaries constitute the first two stages respectively. Their main interest lies on the vindication of the moral law. The narrative art of the Jainas attains its maturity in the third stage where it shakes off its ex-territorial interests and is cultivated for its own sake. The Paumacariyam, Tarangavatikatha, Vasudevahindi and the like belong to this stage. The age of Haribhadra and his successors, in which the

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fourth and the fifth stages fall, is characterized by a synthesis of the best values of our culture and thought, which find full expression in its narrative literature, the art of narration also attaining perfection of its different aspects. In the second chapter of the work, the various forms and techniques of the Prakrit narrative literature have been discussed. A critical analysis of Haribhadra's narratives has been attempted in the third chapter, and the fourth chapter deals with their ancient sources. The dialogues of Haribhadra have received treatment in the fifth chapter and a critical analysis of the nature and contents of folk-tales is the subject-matter of the sixth chapter. The style and language of Haribhadra's works are discussed in the seventh chapter, and an analysis of the poetic excellence is attempted in the eighth. The ninth chapter analyses the subjectmatter of these works under various heads comprising ancient Geography, flora and fauna, and the various aspects of culture-social, economic, political, administrative, educational and religious. In the conclusion, the author has clearly stated the merits as well as the limitations of the Prakrit narrative literature of Haribhadra. ii The book exhibits the author's power of analysis and sound judgment as well as appreciation of relevant issues and problems. The treatment has throughout been dispassionate and critical. The author has discovered many important features, which were hitherto unknown, of the narrative literature of the Jainas and has brought out their significance in full in the light of modern standards of judgment. He has not read motives that were not there, but has brought to light what fell into oblivion. His presentation is throughout lucid and reveals his mastery over the language in which he has written the book. I am particularly happy to add that this work is a golden thread that binds the author with our Institute and hope that it will be received by the scholars and general readers alike because of the rich materials presented and the clarity of presentation. VAISHALI The 28th July, 1965 NATHMAL TATIA

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Atmanivedana prAkRta-kathA - sAhitya ko sarvAdhika samRddha banAne kA zreya haribhadra aura unake ziSya udyotanasUri ko hai / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA- jaise vizAla kathAgrantha kA nirmANa kara prAkRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM bANabhaTTa kA kArya sampAdana kiyA hai / dazakAlika kI vRtti meM upalabdha hone vAlI laghu kathAeM upadeza aura zailI kI dRSTi se hRdayAvarjaka haiM / upadezapada bhI prAkRta kathA kI dRSTi se kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / ataeva haribhadra kI prAkRta-kathAoM kA adhyayana karanA kevala prAkRta sAhitya kI dRSTi se hI upayogI nahIM hai, apitu bhAratIya kathA - sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI / jisa prakAra haribhadra ne pAli jAtaka granthoM se kathAbhiprAyoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai, usI prakAra haribhadra kI prAkRta-kathAoM se bhI kaI kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA vikAsa huA hai / yazodhara kI lokapriya kathA kA Arambha upalabdha sAhitya meM samarAiccakahA meM hI milatA hai / isake pazcAt hI vAdirAja evaM somadeva Adi ne ukta kathAnaka kA vikAsa kiyA hai / saMskRti, samAja, sAhitya evaM jJAna-vijJAna saMbaMdhI carcAoM kA yaha grantha eka prakAra se koza hai / prAcIna bhArata meM sampAdita kiye jAne vAle jala-sthalIya vyApAroM kA jitanA spaSTa aura vistRta vivecana samarAiccakahA meM hai, utanA anya kisI eka grantha meM nahIM hai / zrataeva AdaraNIya DaoN0 eca0 ela0 jaina, ema0 e0, ela-ela0 bI0, DI0 liT0, jo ki usa samaya rAjakIya vaizAlI snAtakottara zikSA evaM zodha saMsthAna, mujaphpharapura ke nidezaka the, ke parAmarzAnusAra haribhadra kI prAkRta-kathAoM ke adhyayana ko zodha-prabandha ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA / e0, zrArA se mujaphpharapura kA mArga durgama rahane ke kAraNa zrAdaraNIya DaoN0 ena0 TATiyA, ema0 , DI0 liT0 tatkAlIna risarca prophesara, nava nAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA se nirdezana kArya sampanna karane kA anurodha kiyA / ApakI kRpApUrNa svIkRti prApta hote hI ukta viSaya kI saMkSipta rUparekhA bihAra vizvavidyAlaya ko prastuta kI gayI / kArya ke sampAdana meM samaya-samaya para DaoN0 TATiyA jI dvArA paryApta sahAyatA prApta hotI rahI hai / ataeva maiM Apake prati kRtajJa hUM / zodha-prabandha ko prAdyopAnta sunakara bahumUlya sujhAva DaoN0 eca0 ela0 jaina se prApta hue aura tadanusAra zodha-prabandha ke viSaya meM saMzodhana evaM parivarddhana sampanna kiyA gayA hai / zrataeva meM DaoN0 jaina ke prati atyanta AbhArI hUM, jinhoMne apane bahumUlya samaya kA dAna mujhe sadaiva diyA hai / sahayogI mitroM meM cAdaraNIya pro0 zrI jagadIza pAMDeyajI, aMgrejI vibhAga, eca0 DI0 jaina kAleja, ArA (magadha vizvavidyAlaya ) se kathAoM ke zilpa evaM rUpagaThana meM pAzcAtya samIkSA-paddhati

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kI aneka bAtoM kI jAnakArI mujhe prApta huI hai| Apane kaI dina samarAiccakahA kI kathAoM para AlocanAtmaka carcA prastuta kara mere jJAna kA saMvarddhana kiyA hai| ataH maiM pratibhAmUtti AdaraNIya pAMDeyajI ke prati apanA hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| apane kAleja ke hindI vibhAga ke yazasvI vidvAn mitra pro0 zrI rAmezvaranAtha tivArI se nAyAdhammakahAno kI kathAoM ke zilpa-gaThana para vicAra-vinimaya dvArA sahayoga prApta huA hai| ataeva meM mitra tivArIjI ke prati bhI apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| isa kArya meM DaoN0 kumAra vimala siMha, paTanA kAleja, paTanA evaM DaoN. ramezakuntala megha, caNDIgar3ha kA sahayoga bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai / ata : ukta donoM mahAnubhAvoM ke prati bhI kRtajJatA vijJApita karatA huuN| eca0 DI0 jaina kAleja, ArA ke tatkAlIna saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAgAdhyakSa AdaraNIya DaoN0 Ara0 ema0 dAsa se preraNA evaM parAmarza samaya-samaya para prApta hotA rahA, ataH unake prati bhI apanI kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huuN| AyuSmAn zrIrAma tivArI, ema0 e0 evaM zrI premacanda jaina, ema0 e0 ne kathAnoM ke sAmAjika adhyayana karane evaM pratilipi Adi meM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| ataeva meM unake abhyudaya kI kAmanA karatA huA unheM hRdaya se AzIrvAda detA huuN| zodha-prabandha ke mudraNa ke samaya prUpha-saMzodhana meM mitra DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina se sahayoga prApta huA hai| ataeva unakA bhI maiM upakRta huuN| __ zodha-prabandha ke mudraNa kA zreya DaoN0 ena0 TATiyA, nidezaka, prAkRta risarca insTIcyUTa ko hai, jinakI satkRpA se isa zodha-prabandha ko mudraNa kA avasara milA hai| anta meM maiM isa mahadanuSThAna meM sahayoga pradAna karanevAle samasta mahAnubhAvoM ke prati apanA hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| isa kRti meM jo kucha bhI acchA hai vaha gurujanoM kA RNa hai aura jitanI bhI truTiyAM haiM ve saba merI alpajJatA ke pariNAma haiN| zrutapaMcamI vi0 saM0 2022 nemicandra zAstrI, eca0 DI0 jaina kAleja (magadha vizvavidyAlaya), pArA

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Amukha AcArya haribhadra bahumukhI pratibhAzAlI lekhaka haiM / darzana jaise gUr3ha viSaya kA nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha kathA jaisI sarasa sAhitya - vidhA kA praNayana karanA unakI apanI vizeSatA hai / inake vizAla sAhitya samudra se hamane prAkRta kathA - sAhitya ko hI zodha ke liye grahaNa kiyA hai / hamArA vizvAsa hai ki kathA - sAhitya meM jIvana kI yathArtha abhivyakti hotI hai / lekhaka apane pAtroM ke mAdhyama se jIvana-darzana kI Avazyaka aura upayogI bAtoM kA nirUpaNa kara detA hai / haribhadra sUri kI prAkRta bhASA meM likhI gayIM nimna kathAkRtiyAM haiM, jinakA Alocana isa zodha prabandha meM kiyA gayA hai : 1 - - samarAiccakahA / 2 -- dhUrttAkhyAna / 3 - - dazavekAlika kI hAribhadravRtti / 4--upadezapada / zodha ke liye viSaya grahaNa karate samaya hameM aisA laga rahA thA ki saMbhavata: sAmagrI pUrI nahIM mila sakegI, kintu viSaya meM praveza karane para yaha anubhava huA ki yaha viSaya vistRta ho gayA hai / samarAiccakahA ke chaThaveM aura AThaveM bhavoM meM se kisI bhI eka bhava para anusandhAna kArya kiyA jA sakatA thA / yataH ina donoM bhavoM meM kathAtattvoM kI dRSTi se pracura sAmagrI vartamAna hai, sAtha hI bhAratIya saMskRti aura janajIvana ke vibhinna rUpa bhI upalabdha haiM / zrataH ukta tathyoM aura sAmagrI ke cayanamAtra se eka acchA zodha prabandha likhA jA sakatA thA / prastuta zodha prabandha dasa prakaraNoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama prakaraNa meM prAkRta kathAnoM ke udbhava aura vikAsa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isa prakaraNa meM nimna vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara hoMgI : -- 1 - - haribhadra ko kendra mAnakara prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke vikAsa kA yugoM meM vibhAjana / 2 -- pratyeka yuga kI sAmAnya kathA pravRttiyoM kA AlocanAtmaka vivecana / 3 -- tattat yugIna kRtiyoM kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana aura mUlyAMkana / 4 - - haribhadra kA samaya nirNaya / 5 -- prAkRta kathA sAhitya kI upalabdhiyAM / dvitIya prakaraNa hai "prAkRta kathAoM ke vividha rUpa aura unakA sthApatya' / isameM prAkRta kathAoM ke vividha svarUpoM ke vivecana ke sAtha prAkRta kathA zilpa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / prAkRta bhASA meM alaMkAra grantha upalabdha na hone se prayogAtmaka paddhati kA avalambana lekara kathA svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai / isa prakaraNa meM nimnAMkita vizeSatAe~ spaSTa lakSita hoMgI : 1 - - prAkRta sAhitya meM ullikhita kathA bhedoM kA lakSaNa sahita svarUpa vivecana / 2 -- kathotthapraroha, prarocana zilpa Adi kI sthApanA aura nirUpaNa / 3 - - prAkRta kathAzilpa kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa aura AlocanA ke mAnadaNDoM ko pratiSThA /

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tRtIya prakaraNa meM haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / isa prakaraNa ko nimnAMkita udbhAvanAeM haiM :-- 1--samarAiccakahA ke pratyeka bhava kI kathA ke pRthak astitva kA aucitya / 2-prathama bhava ko bIjadharmA kathA ke AdhArabhUta tattvoM kI smiikssaa| 3--anya sabhI bhavoM kI kathA kA kathAtattvoM kI dRSTi se pRthak-pRthak AlocanAtmaka mUlyAMkana / 4--dhUrtAkhyAna kA anuzIlana / 5--haribhadra ko prAkRta laghu kathAnoM kA vargIkaraNa aura vivecana / caturtha prakaraNa "kathAnakasrota aura kathAnaka gaThana" zIrSaka hai / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM vasudevahiNDI se kathAnakasrota grahaNa kiye hai, kintu apanI adbhuta pratibhA dvArA una srotoM ko apanAkara bhI eka nayA rUpa pradAna kiyA hai / isa prakaraNa kI nimna udbhAvanAeM pramukha haiM :-- 1--samarAiccakahA ke kathAnaka-srota aura unakA vizleSaNa / 2-dhUkhyiAna aura anya prAkRta laghu kathAoM ke kathAnaka-srotoM kA nirUpaNa / 3--haribhadra ke kathAnakoM kI vizeSatAeM / paMcama prakaraNa meM haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM ke saMvAdatattva aura zIla sthApatya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM samarADaccakahA tathA anya kathA kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para kathopakathana aura zIla nirUpaNa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isa prakaraNa kI nimna udbhAvanAeM haiM :-- 1--zRMkhalAbaddha aura unmukta saMvAdoM ke sauSThava kA vivecn| 2--ApasI vArtAlApa aura goSThI vArtAlApoM kA vishlessnn| 3--haribhadra ke zIla sthApatya kI maulika udbhAvanAeM / 4--zIla nirUpaNa sambandhI haribhadra kI vizleSaNAtmaka, abhinayAtmaka aura ___ saMketAtmaka praNAliyoM kA spaSTIkaraNa / 5--zIla kA kalAgata samanvaya / 6--haribhadra ke svalakSaNa-zIla ko gatyAtmakatA / 7--zIla kA saMzliSTa-vaividhya / SaSTha prakaraNa meM lokakathAtattva aura kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA vivecana hai / isa prakaraNa meM lokatattva aura kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kI dRSTi se haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAnoM kA anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai / isakI nimna udbhAvanAeM pramukha haiM :-- 1--haribhadra kI kathAoM meM lokatattvoM kA sthAna aura vishlessnn| 2--kathAoM kA lokatAttvika prishiiln| 3--sthAnIya vAtAvaraNa aura prabhAvoM kA vishlessnn| 4--kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA vargIkaraNa aura vivecana / 5--kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM dvArA kathAnoM meM utpanna hone vAle cmtkaar|

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mr saptama prakaraNa "bhASA zailI aura uddezya' zIrSaka hai / isameM haribhadra ko bhASA zailI kI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha unakI kathAoM ke uddezya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isa prakaraNa kI nimnAMkita udbhAvanAeM draSTavya hai :-- 1- haribhadra kI bhASA zailI ke upAdAna tattva / 2--zailIgata ruci, anukrama aura yathArthatA Adi guNoM kA nirUpaNa / 3--samarAiccakahA kI zailI kA vizleSaNa aura usakA vaiziSTya / 4--haribhadra kI sUktiyAM aura unakA vaiziSTya / 5--samarAiccakahA meM prayukta dezI zabdoM kI taalikaa| 6--samarAiccakahA ke chandoM kA vivecana / 7--haribhadra ko prAkRta kathAoM kA uddezya tattva / aSTama prakaraNa meM haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA kAvya zAstrIya vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / yataH prAcIna kathAoM meM kathAtattvoM ke sAtha kAvyatva bhI rahatA hai / manoraMjana ke sAtha rasAnubhUti karAnA bhI ina kathAoM kA lakSya hai / kAvyAMgoM ke niyojana dvArA kathAnoM ko hRdaya grAhya banAne kA prayAsa sabhI prAcIna kathAkAra karate hai| haribhadra ne bhI isI paripATI ke anusAra kathAoM ko kAvya-tattvoM se maNDita kiyA hai / isa prakaraNa meM nimnAMkita tattva upalabdha hoMge :-- 1-kalApakSa kI dRSTi se kathAoM kA anuzIlana / 2--samarAiccakahA meM Aye hue zabdAlaMkAroM aura arthAlaMkAroM kA vizleSaNa / 3--haribhadra kI bimba yojanA aura usakA mahattva / 4--haribhadra ke rUpa vicAra kI mahattA aura usakA vivecana / 5--rasAnubhUti aura nava rasoM kA vizleSaNa / 6--bhAvapakSa kI vizeSatAoM kA pratipAdana / navama prakaraNa meM haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA sAMskRtika vizleSaNa kiyA hai| saMskRti mAnavIya vyaktitva kI vaha vizeSatA hai, jo use eka vizeSa artha meM mahatvapUrNa banAtI hai / kisI vyakti kA kucha mahattva una guNoM ke kAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai, jo guNa mukhyataH prakRti kI dena hai--jaise svAsthya aura zArIrika saundarya prAdi, kinta ina gaNoM ko sAMskRtika guNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / yataH ye guNa jo kisI asaMskRta vyakti meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| vastutaH saMskRti una guNoM kA samudAya hai, jinheM manuSya aneka prakAra kI zikSA dvArA apane prayatna se prApta karatA hai| ataH saMskRti kA saMbaMdha mukhyataH manuSya kI buddhi, svabhAva aura manovRttiyoM se haiM / zabdakoSoM meM saMskRti kI paribhASAe~ aneka rUpoM meM milatI hai / eka sthAna para batAyA gayA hai ki zArIrika yA mAnasika zaktiyoM kA pratikSaNa dRr3hIkaraNa yA vikAsa athavA usase utpanna avasthA saMskRti hai / mana, prAcAra athavA ruciyoM kA pariSkAra bhI saMskRti ke antargata hai / vAstava meM saMskRti kA saMbaMdha prAtmA ke pariSkaraNa se hai| jabataka prAtmA kA pariSkAra nahIM hotA, udAtta caritra kI pratiSThA nahIM hotI tathA jAgatika sambandhoM kI yathArtha jAnakArI aura unake nirvAha kA dAyitva bhI nahIM pA tabataka saMskRti kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai / saMskRti ke upakaraNa sabhyatA ke upakaraNoM se bhinna hai / sabhyatA ke adhikAdhika upakaraNa saMcita rahane para bhI koI vyakti susaMskRta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki saMskRti bhI Age jAkara sabhyatA ke upakaraNoM meM apane rUpa ko mizrita kara detI hai, kintu usakI dhArA triveNI saMgama meM

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sarasvatI kI dhArA ke samAna pRthak rUpa se nahIM dekhI jA sakatI hai| vicAroM aura siddhAMtoM ko udAra aura sahiSNu banAne se AcAra vyavahAra kI saMkIrNatA naSTa hotI hai / vAstava meM kisI bhI prakAra kI saMkIrNatA saMskRti kA aMga hai bhI nhiiN| saundarya cetanA ko saMskRti kA abhinna aMga mAnA jAtA hai / zarIra se lekara prAtmA taka ko sundara banAne kA prayAsa saMskRti ke antargata praayegaa| pratyeka vyakti apane rahana-sahana, prAcAra-vyavahAra, khAna-pAna sabhI ko sundara banAne kA upakrama karatA hai / apane ina sabhI vyavahAroM meM suruci lAnA cAhatA hai / yaha sundara banane kI pravRtti hI saMskRti kI ora le jAne vAlI hai / jIvana ke pratyeka pahala ko sundara aura pani banAnA aura sabhI kSetroM meM apanI dRSTi ko surucipUrNa rakhanA saMskRti hai / haribhadra ne vyakti kI AtmA ko susaMskRta banAne ke liye zAzvata siddhAMtoM aura niyamoM kI vivecanA kI hai / AtmA ko karmamala se rahita kara zuddha aura cirantana svarUpa kI upalabdhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / vyakti jaba taka saMkIrNa hokara apane hI svArtha meM lIna rahatA hai, taba taka vaha susaMskRta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| tyAga aura indriya nigraha prAtmA ko susaMskRta karane vAle upAdAna hai / dharma AtmA kA saMskAra karatA hai aura dharma hI vyakti ko susaMskRta banAtA hai / haribhadra ne svayaM batalAyA hai -- jIvo aNAinihaNo pavAhano anaaikmmsNjutto| pAveNa sayA duhiyo suhino uNa hoi dhammeNa // dhammo carittadhammo suyadhammAno to ya niyameNa / kasaccheyatAvasuddho so cciya kaNayaM va vinne pro|| pANavahAIyANaM pAvaTThANANa jo u pddisho| jhANajjhayaNAINaM jo ya vihI esa dhmmkmo|| -sa0pR0 8786-760 / isase spaSTa hai ki ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha rUpa dharma ke sAtha dhyAna, adhyayana rUpa dharma prAtmA kA saMskAra karatA hai / vyakti kI vikRta avasthAnoM kA nirAkaraNa yA parimArjana kara susaMskRta banAtA hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra ne madhyakAlIna patita aura dalita samAja meM sAMskRtika jAgaraNa kA zaMkhanAda kiyA hai| isa prakaraNa meM saMskRti se prabhAvita sabhyatA ke upakaraNoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / isake pramukha tathya nimna hai :-- 1--haribhadra kI bhaugolika sAmagnI kA cayana aura vargIkaraNa / 2--rAjana tika, sAmAjika, Arthika aura dhArmika vishesstaaeN| 3--zikSA, sAhitya aura kalA kA vizleSaNa / dazama prakaraNa upasaMhAra hai / isameM haribhadra kI vizeSatAoM kA siMhAvalokana karate hae unako upalabdhiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / nemicandra zAstrI

Page #16
. vissy-suucii| Amukha prathama prakaraNa prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA udbhava aura vikAsa kathAoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa khaNDoM kA vargIkaraNa Agama yugIna prAkRta kathA sAhitya isa yuga kI prAkRta kathA pravRttiyoM kA sAmAnya vivecana Agama yugIna prAkRta kathAoM kA parizIlana TIkA yugIna prAkRta kathA sAhitya kathA pravRttiyoM kA sAmAnya vivecana TIkA yugIna prAkRta-kathAeM haribhadra pUrvayugIna svatantra prAkRta kathA-sAhitya isa yuga kI prAkRta kathA-pravRttiyAM isa yuga kI pramukha prAkRta kathA-kRtiyAM paumacariyaM paumacariyaM kI kathAvastu paumacariyaM kI vizeSatAeM taraMgavatI kathA taraMgavatI kI kathAvastu aura usakI vizeSatAeM vasudevahiNDI aura usakI vizeSatAeM haribhadrayugIna prAkRta kathA-sAhitya isa yuga kI pramukha pravRttiyAM haribhadra kA samaya jIvana paricaya racanAeM haribhadra kI pramukha prAkRta kathAeM dhartAkhyAna anya laghu kathAeM

Page #17
haribhadra yugIna anya prAkRta kathAeM-- lIlAvaI kahA lIlA kahA kI vizeSatAeM haribhadra uttara yugIna prAkRta kathAsAhitya sAmAnya pravRttiyAM isa yuga kI prAkRta kathA-kRtiyoM kA paricaya kuvalayamAlA kI kathAvastu aura AlocanA cauppanna mahApurisa cariyaM surasundarI cariaM lIlAvatI kathA kathAko prakaraNa saMvegaraMgazAlA nAgapaMcamI kahA siri vijayacaMda kevalicariyaM guNacandra kA mahAvIra cariyaM siripAsanAhacariyaM kahArayaNako sa mahAvIracariyaM ca rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM AkhyAnamaNikoza AkhyAnamaNikoza kI vizeSatAyeM supAsanAhacariyaM jinadattAkhyAna naravikrama carita sirivAla kahA rayaNase hara kahA mahivAlakathA pAi kahAsaMgaho prAkRta kathA sAhitya kI upalabdhiyAM 57 59 59--104 59 61 61 65 66 68 69 73 74 76 79 81 82 84 86 87 88 u : n m & D: 89 92 94 96 98 100 102

Page #18
106 110 W 9 dvitIya prakaraNa prAkRta kathAoM ke vividharUpa aura unakA sthApatya 105--146 prAkRta kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa 105 varNyaviSaya kI dRSTi se kathAoM ke bheda arthakathA kA vivecana kAmakathA kA svarUpa 107 dharmakathA kA nirUpaNa 108 dharmakathA ke bheda aura unakA sopapattika svarUpa saMkIrNa kathA 113 pAtroM ke prakAra ke AdhAra para kathAoM ke bheda aura svarUpa 115 bhASA ke AdhAra para prAkRta kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa sthApatya ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa sakala kathA khaMDa kathA 118 ullAvakathA 118 parihAsa kathA 118 hemacandra ke anusAra prAkRta kathAoM ke bheda aura unakA vivecana / DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ke anusAra kathAoM ke pramukha pAMca 119 bheda aura unakA svarUpa / prAkRta kathAoM kA sthApatya 121 sthApatya kI vyAkhyA aura rIti kA vivecana 122 vaktA-zrotA rUpa kathA praNAlI 123 pUrvadIpti praNAlI 124 kAlamizraNa kathottha praroha zilpa 126 soddezyatA 127 anyApadezikatA rAjaprAsAda sthApatya 128 rUparekhA kI muktatA 119 125 128 129

Page #19
varNana kSamatA maMDanazilpa ! bhogAyatana sthApatya prarocana zilpa upacAravakratA aitihya AbhAsa parikalpana romAMsa yojanA T aupanyAsikatA vRttivivecana siddha pratIkoM kA prayoga aura naye pratIkoM kA nirmANa pratIkoM kI upayogitA aura vargIkaraNa kutuhala kI yojanA ja pAtrabahulatA aucitya yojanA aura sthAnIya vizeSatA caturbhujI svastika sanniveza udAttIkaraNa sAmarasya sRSTi aura preSaNIyatA bhAgya aura saMyoga kA niyojana pArA manovaijJAnika zilpa alaukika tattvoM kI yojanA madhyamaulikatA yA avAMtaramaulikatA tRtIya prakaraNa haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta samarAiccakahA ke bhava yA paricchedoM kA pRthak astitva prathama bhava kI kathA AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa dvitIya bhava kI kathA -- AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa tRtIya bhava kI kathA -- AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa caturtha bhava kI kathA -- AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa 131 132 133 136 137 138 139 139 140 141 142 142 143 143 143 145 146 146 146 146 146 147--186 147 147 148 150 153 156

Page #20
164 168 170 172 175 175 paMcama bhava kI kathA--AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa SaSTha bhava kI kathA--AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa / saptama bhava kI kathA--AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa aSTama bhava kI kathA--AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa navama bhava kI kathA--AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa dhUrtAkhyAna--AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa dhUrtAkhyAna kI kathA dvArA abhivyaMjita tathya laghu kathAeM--vargIkaraNa ghaTanA pradhAna kathAoM kA vizleSaNa carita pradhAna kathAoM kA vizleSaNa bhAvanA aura vRtti pradhAna vizleSaNa vyaMgya pradhAna vizleSaNa buddhi camatkAra pradhAna vizleSaNa pratIka pradhAna kathAeM manoraMjana pradhAna kathAeM nIti pradhAna kathAeM prabhAva pradhAna kathAoM kA vizleSaNa caturtha prakaraNa 177 181 182 182 183 184 186 187 kathAsrota aura kathAnaka 187 -212 kathAnaka srota vasudevahiNDI aura samarAiccakahA 188 uvAsagadazA aura samarAiccakahA 195 vipAkasatra, uttarAdhyayana, nAyAdhammakahA aura samarAiccakahA 195-196 mahAbhArata aura haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAeM 196 jAtaka kathAeM aura prAkRta kathAeM guNADhya kI vRhatkathA aura prAkRta kathAeM nATaka grantha, dazakumAra carita, kAdambarI aura haribhadra kI prAkRta kthaaeN| kathAnaka gaThana 205 197 202

Page #21
haribhadra kI kathAnaka yojanA kI vizeSatAeM kathAnakoM kA vizleSaNa 206 paMcama prakaraNa / haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM ke saMvAda tattva aura zIla sthApatya 213--244 saMvAda yA kathopakathana 213 kathopakathana kA vargIkaraNa 213 vizleSaNa goSThI saMvAda 218 ApasI vArtAlApa 218 zIla sthApatya haribhadra ke zIla sthApatya kI vizeSatAeM 228 zIla nirUpaNa meM paristhitiyoM kA yoga caritra vikAsa meM antardvandva pAtra aura zIlaparipAka 232 haribhadra ke zIla nirUpaNa ke prakAra 244 227 < www SaSTha prakaraNa 245--286 245 loka kathAtattva aura kathAnaka rUDhiyAM loka kathAtattva loka kathAoM kI vizeSatAeM loka kathA ke tattva prema kA abhinna puTa svastha zrRgArikatA mUlavRttiyoM kA nirantara sAhacarya loka maMgala dharmazraddhA Adima mAnasa rahasya 246 247 249 250 250 250 251

Page #22
kutUhala manoraMjana amAnavIya tattva aprAkRtikatA atiprAkRtikatA andhavizvAsa upadezAtmakatA anuzrutimUlakatA adbhuta tattva kA samAveza hAsya vinoda pArivArika jIvana citraNa milana bAdhAeM lokamAnasa kI taralatA pUrvajanma ke saMskAra aura phalopabhoga sAhasa kA nirUpaNa janabhASAtattva sarala abhivyaMjanA janamAnasa kA pratiphalana paramparA kI akSuNNatA kathAnaka rUDhiyAM paribhASA aura upayoga Ta viSaya kI dRSTi se kathAnaka rUDhiyoM kA vargIkaraNa loka pracalita vizvAsoM se sambaddha kathAnaka rUDhiyAM amAnavIya zaktiyoM se sambaddha kathAnaka rUDhiyAM atimAnavIya zakti aura kAryoM se sambaddha kathAnaka rUDhiyAM pazu-pakSiyoM se sambaddha kathAnaka rUDhiyAM tantra-mantra se sambaddha kathAnaka rUDhiyAM laukika kathAnaka rUDhiyAM kavikalpita kathAnaka rUDhiyAM 252 252 252 253 253 254 255 255 256 256 256 257 258 258 258 259 259 259 259 260 260 262 266 265 269 274 275 279 283

Page #23
zarIra - vaijJAnika kathAnaka rUDhiyAM sAmAjika paramparA, rIti-rivAjoM aura paristhitiyoM kI dyotaka rUDhiyAM | AdhyAtmika aura manovaijJAnika bhASA, zailI aura uddezya 5 saptama prakaraNa / zailI ke upAdAna tattva aura guNa prasaMgAnukUla bhASA kA prayoga abhidhA, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA kA prayoga sUktiyAM sUktivAkyoM kA mahatva dezI zabdoM kI tAlikA chanda vicAra uddezya kI paribhASA haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM ke uddezya kA vizleSaNa uddezya kA vargIkaraNa aSTama prakaraNa / haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA kAvyazAstrIya vizleSaNa kalApakSa kA vivecana alaMkAra yojanA zabdAlaMkAra--svarUpa aura udAharaNa arthAlaMkAra -- vizleSaNa bimba vidhAna bimboM kA vargIkaraNa aura vizleSaNa rUpa vicAra bhAva pakSa -- vizleSaNa rasAnubhUti aura rasa paripAka vyaMgya kI sthiti samAja zAstrIya tattva haribhadra kI samAja - racanA ke siddhAnta 284 284 286 287--306 287 288 289 292 294 295 301 302 303 305 307 307 308 309 312 323 324 329 334 334 338 340 342

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mr o mr mr GFWW.AWww 0 00 mr or or mr navama prakaraNa / haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA sAMskRtika vizleSaNa __345 -397 haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM nirUpita bhaugolika sAmagrI dvIpa aura kSetra 346 parvata 348 nadiyAM 349 bandaragAha araNya 350 vRkSa jaMgalI pazu janapada 353 nagara rAjatantra aura zAsana vyavasthA rAjA kA nirvAcana aura uttarAdhikAra mantrimaNDala aura usakA nirvAcana antaHpura, rAjaprAsAda aura AsthAna maNDapa bhavanodyAna bhavanadIpikA mahAnasagaha aura bAha yAlI 367 sAmAjika jIvana 368 varNa aura jAtiyAM 368 parivAra gaThana 369 parivAra ke ghaTaka 370 mAtA-pitA aura santAna kA sambandha 371 bhAI-bahana kA sambandha 372 vivAha meM nirvAcana vivAha saMskAra 374 bahuvivAha 375 mitra 376 bhRtya aura dAsa-dAsiyAM r r or or or m mr 372 vivAha 373

Page #25
samAja meM nArI kA sthAna kanyA patnI mAtA vezyA sAdhvI avaguMThana (pardA) kI prathA bhojana - pAna svAsthya aura roga vastrAbhUSaNa nagara aura grAmoM kI sthiti sAdhAraNa logoM ke AvAsa vAhana pAlatu pazu-pakSI krIr3A vinoda utsava aura goSThiyAM Arthika sthiti ajIvikA ke sAdhana samudra yAtrA aura vANijya dhArmika sthiti aura zikSA sAhitya tApasI mata ke siddhAMta zikSA-sAhitya kalAeM upasaMhAra haribhadra kI prAkRtakathA sambandhI upalabdhiyAM, truTiyAM aura sImAeM | Akara grantha-sUcI saMketa-sUcI pAribhASika zabdoM ke aMgrejI paryAya zabda 377 377 378 378 379 379 379 380 381 382 385 385 386 386 386 387 388 388 388 390 391 392 393 398 400 404 413 415

Page #26
vyaktivAcaka shbdaanukrmnnikaa| antaHkRddazAMga 12, 15 anekAnta jayapatAkA 42, 47, 55 anekAnta jayapatAkA kI TIkA 46 abhyaMkara 43, 44 apabhraMza sAhitya 74 abhayadeva sUri 51 ambajAtaka 204 amarakoSa 117 arastU 228 pAkhyAnamaNikoza 84, 87 prAcArAGgasUtra 6 pArTa praoNpha da naoNvela 67 praoNna da liTarecara oNpha da zvetAmbarAs praoNpha gujarAta 366 Anandavarddhana 122, 308 pArAmasohA kahA 102, 141 prArogyadvija kathA 102 aAvazyaka cUNi 22 prAvazyaka niyukti 21 prAspekTa praoNpha naoNvela 210 amAnanda prakAza 46 i0 ema0 phoTara 205 iMDiyana liTarecara 68 iMDiyA eNDa cAinA 347 uttarAdhyayana prAkhyAna 14 uttarAdhyayana niyukti gAthA 347 udyotana sUri 33, 42, 84, 109 upadeza gAthA 203 upadezapada 102 upadezapada kI prazasti 47, 46 upade zamAlA 102 upadezaratnAkara 102

Page #27
upanyAsa kalA 206 upamitibhavaprapaMca 44 uvAsagadasAmro 10, 165 e0 bI0 vadya ena0 vI0 vaidya 166 e0 ena0 upAdhye 5, 11, 116, 171, 202 ena0 ke0 bhAgavata 198 e hisTrI praoNpha iMDiyana liTarecara 366 Rgveda 1 kathAkoSa prakaraNa 70, 71 kalpasUtra 14, 26 kalpAvataMsaka 14 kalpikA 14 kahArayaNa kosa 81, 82 kAvyAdarza 136 kAvyaprakAza 122 kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRti 122 kAlikAcArya kathAnaka 102 kItha 30, 102 kundakunda 16 kumArapAla pratibodha 102 kuvalayamAlA 33, 42, 61, 65, 106, 122 kautUhalakavi 57, 58, 115 gaNadharasArddhazataka bRhaTTIkA 48 gaNadharasArdha zataka 46 guNacandra 76, 62 guNADhya 103 gaTammasAra jIvakANDa 330 gore 165 gosvAmI tulasIdAsa 228 cauppanna-mahApurisa-cariyaM 65 candralekhA kathA 102 cintAmaNi 167 cambarsa enasAiklopeDiyA 338

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candra bha mahattara 70 jagadIza pAMDa ya 228 jagannAtha prasAda 1 jambacariyaM 124 jayakotti 102 jayanta bhaTTa 45 jayasiMha 102 jAtaka, caturtha khaMDa 168, 166 jAtaka, bhAga 6 347 jAtaTakathA nanda jAtaka 168 jinacandra 73 jinadatta 48 jinadattAkhyAna 86 jinadAsagaNi 33 jinabhaTa 46 jinasena 105 jinezvara 61, 68, 66 jinaharSasUri 66 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa 30 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza 46, 47 jainAcArya kI prAtmananda zatAbdI smAraka 30 jJAtRdharma kathAMga 15 TI0 pizale 261 ThAkura 45 DikzanarI oNpha valrDa liTarecara Tarsa 261, 338 taraMgavatI 27 tilakamaMjarI 34 tiloyapaNNati 17, 43 trilokasAra 348 da jainAs ina da hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana liTarecara 2 daNDI 122, 308 daza dRSTAMta gItA 108 dazavakAlika niyukti TIkA 47 dazavakAlika 106, 106

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dazakAlika TIkA 56, 57, 155 dazavaM kAlika cUrNi tu0 21, 22 da zArTa sTorI 121 digvijaya prakAza 350 divAkara kathA 102 devacandra sUri 102 devabhadra 81 dRSTipravAda aMga 16 dravadaMta rAjarSa kathA 102 dhvanyAloka 122 dhanapAla 34 dhanezvara sUri 61, 66 dharmadAsa gaNi 37, 102 dharmopadeza mAlA 102 dhUrttAkhyAna 42, 56, 170, 171,202, 216 nyAyamaMjarI 45 nyAyamaMjarI sTaDIja 46 nyAyAvatAra kI prastAvanA 46 nyu iMgaliza DikzanarI oNpha hisTorikala priMsapulsa 338 nandIsUtramAlA 203 narmadAsundarI kathA 102 naravikrama carita 62 narasundara kathA 102 nagendra 228 nAgadattaka kathA 102 nAgapaMcamI kahA 74 nAyAdhammakA 5, 7, 18, 16, 102, 103 nidAna kathA 168 nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA 68, 70 nizItha cUrNi 23, 34 nemicandra sUri 61, 84, 87, 116 neminAtha carita 46 paumacariya 27 paNigaNa 1 .

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padmazekhara kathA 102 padalipta sUri 33 pAsanAha cariyaM 81, 82 pAikahA saMgaho 100 pAipralacchInAmamAlA 34 pI0 ela0 vaidya 46 pururavA - urvazI 1 puSpacUla kathA 102 puSpacUlA 14 paMDidhanavAlakahA 102 paMcaliMgI prakaraNa 70 paMcasUtra TIkA 47 paMcAsaga 51 prabaMdhakoza 34, 48 prabhAlakSma 70 prabhAvaka carita 34, 48 prAcIna bhAratIya va eza-bhUSA 323 buddhisAgara 70 bihAra risarca sosAiTI jarnala 46 vRhatkathA 103 bRhatkoza 106 bRhatkalpa bhASya 23 bhagavatI sUtra 7 bhartahari 43 bhadrezvarakahAvalI 48, 51 bhAvapAhuDa 16 bhAvaprAbhatam 17 bhImakumAra kathA 102 bhuvana suMdarI 102 mammaTa 122, 308 majjhima nikAya 6 malayasuMdarI kathA 102 maladhArI hemacandra sUri 102 mallavAdI 46

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mahAbhArata 1 mahAvIra carita 76, 81, 124, 126 mahivAlakahA 68 mahIpAla kathA 123 mahendrakumAra jI 43 mahendrasUri 102 mahezvarasUri 61, 74 milTana rugaphpha e hAravesTa praoNpha varlDa phaoNkalora 246 municandra 47 muni jinavijaya 46 muni jinavijaya 43 munisundara sUri 102 mUlAcAra 17 mUlArAdhanA 17 metArya muni kathA 102 motIcandra 347 yativRSabha 43 yAkobI 46, 51 rayaNacUDarAya cariya 84, 86, 124 rayaNasehara nivakahA 66, 125, 136 rAjazekhara sUri 48, 51 rAmacandra zukla 167, 228 ramezacandra majumadAra 347 rohagupta kathA 102 lakSmaNa gaNi 34, 61 lIlAvaI kahA 57, 115 lIlAvatI 102 vyavahAra bhASya 23 vakrokti jIvita 137 vajakarNa nRpa kathA 102 vajasena sUri 64 vaTTakera 17 varddhamAnadezanA 102 vasudeva hiNDI 27, 28, 37, 103, 133, 368

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vAmana 122 vAlTara raile 122 vikkamaseNacariya 100 vijayasiMhasUri 102 viNTaranitsa 2, 68 vipAkasUtram 366 vive kamaMjarI 102 vizvanAtha 308 viMzaviMzikA prastAvanA 43 vizikA 51 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 33, 34 vIradeva gaNi 68 vRSNidazA 14 zipale 338 zIla-nirUpaNa siddhAMta aura viniyoga 228 zIla upadezamAlA 102 zivArya 17 zubhavardhana gaNi 102 zaMkarAcArya 44, 45 SaTsthAnaka prakaraNa 70 Sar3a darzana samuccayaM 45 sTa nDarDa DikzanarI oNpha phAkalo 246 sthAnAMga 7 satyendra 245 samarAiccakahA 42, 18, 46, 51, 65, 108, 115, 147 samavAyAMga 7 saramA 1 sArthavAha 347 sAhaDa 102 sAhityadarpaNa 123, 308 sirivAlakahA 64 siddharSi 44 siddhivinizcaya TIkA 43 siddhivinizcaya TIkA-prastAvanA

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siyanoM phaiproilo 121 sirivijayacandra 76 sukhabodhikA TIkA 24, 84 supAsanAha cariya 34 sumatigaNi 48 sumati sUri 86 surasuMdarI cariyaM 66 suvarNadvIpa 347 sUtrakRtAMga cUNi 23 somaprabhu sUri 102 vimala 102 saMgrAmazUra kathA 102 saMghatilaka sUri 102 saMghadAsa gaNi 37 saMyukta nikAya 6 saMvega raMgazAlA 73 saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 103 hajArIprasAda dvivedI 123, 260 haramana yAkobI 34 harTela haribhadra sUri 56, 102, 106, 108, 213 harivaMsacariya 27, 30, 123 hindI sAhitya kA prAdi kAla 260 hindI sAhitya koSa 205 hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa 103 haM0 tivArI 121

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prathama prakaraNa prAkRta kathAsAhitya kA udbhava aura vikAsa ka-----kathAoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa khaMDoM kA vargIkaraNa kathAsAhitya utanA hI purAtana hai, jitanA mAnava / manovinoda aura jJAnavardhana kA jitanA sugama aura upayukta sAdhana kathA haiM, utanA sAhitya ko anya koI vidhA nahIM / kathAoM meM mitra sammata athavA kAntA sammata upadeza prApta hotA hai, jo sunane meM bar3A madhura aura prAcaraNa se sugama jAna par3atA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnava netronmIlana se lekara antima zvAsa taka kathA-kahAnI kahatA aura sunatA hai / isameM jijJAsA aura kutUhala kI aisI adbhuta zakti samAhita hai, jisase yaha AbAla-vRddha sabhI ke liye zrAsvAdya hai / zrImadbhAgavata meM saMsAratApa se saMtapta prANo ke liye kathA ko saMjotrata- bUTI kahA hai / kathA kI isI lokapriyatA aura sArvabhaumikatA ke kAraNa bhAratIya sAhitya zraSTA prAcIna kAla se hI sAhitya kI isa vidhA ko samRddhazAlI banAte A rahe haiM / bhAratIya sAhitya meM arthavAda ke rUpa meM kathA kA prAcInatama rUpa Rgveda ke yamayamI, purUravA - urvazI, saramA aura paNigaNa jaise lAkSaNika saMvAdoM, brAhmaNoM ke sa parNakAdrava jaise rUpakAtmaka vyAkhyAnoM, upaniSadoM ke sanatkumAra-nArada jaise brahmaSiyoM kI bhAvamUlaka prAdhyAtmika vyAkhyAoM evaM mahAbhArata ke gaMgAvataraNa, zrRMga, nahuSa, yayAti, zakuntalA, nala Adi jaise upAkhyAnoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanA upadeza diyA hai / jainAgamoM kA saMkalana bhI ardhamAgadhI meM huA hai / ataH prAkRta kathAnoM ke bIja Agama granthoM meM bahulatA se pAye jAte haiM / niryukti, bhASya prabhRti vyAkhyA granthoM meM choTI-bar3I sabhI prakAra kI sahasroM kathAeM prApta haiM / prAgamika sAhitya meM dhArmika AcAra, prAdhyAtmika tatva - cintana tathA nIti aura kartavya kA praNayana kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai / siddhAMta nirUpaNa, tattvanirNaya, darzana kI gUr3ha samasyAoM ko sulajhAne aura aneka gambhIra viSayoM ko spaSTa karane ke liye zrAgama sAhitya kathAoM kA sahArA liyA gayA hai / gUr3ha se gUr3ha vicAroM aura gahana se gahana anubhUtiyoM ko saralatama rUpa meM jana-mana taka pahuMcAne ke liye tIrthaMkara, gaNadharoM evaM anyAnya AcAryoM ne kathAyoM kA AdhAra grahaNa kiyA hai / kathA - sAhitya kI isI sArvajanIna lokapriyatA ka kAraNa zrAlocakoM ne kahA hai- "sAhitya ke mAdhyama se DAle jAne vAle jitane prabhAva ho sakate haiM, ve racanA ke isa prakAra meM acchI taraha se upasthita kiye jA sakate haiM / cAhe siddhAMta pratipAdana abhipreta ho, cAhe caritra-citraNa kI sundaratA iSTa hoM, kisI ghaTanA kA mahattva nirUpaNa karanA ho athavA kisI vAtAvaraNa kI sajIvatA kA udghATana hI lakSya banAyA jAya, kriyA kA vega aMkita karanA ho yA mAnasika sthiti kA sUkSma vizleSaNa karanA iSTa ho -- sabhI kucha isake dvArA saMbhava haiM / " zrataH spaSTa hai ki lokapriya isa vidhA kA vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana ke zodhana aura parimArjana ke liye zrAgamika sAhitya se hI udgama huA hai / 2 1 - tava kathAmRtaM taptajAvanaM, kavibhirIDitaM kalmaSApaham / zravaNa maMgalaM zramadAtataM bhuvi gRNanti te bhUridA janAH / zrImadbhAgavat, 10|31|e 2 - jagannAtha prasAda -- kahAnI kA racanA- vidhAna, pR0 4--5 /

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aMga aura upAMga sAhitya meM siddhAMtoM ke pracAra aura prasAra ke hetu apUrva preraNAprada aura prAMjala pAkhyAna upalabdha haiN| inameM aise aneka ciragUr3ha aura saMvedanazIla AkhyAna pAye haiM, jo aitihAsika aura paurANika tathyoM kI pratIti ke sAtha barbaratA kI nirmama ghATI para nirupAya lur3hakatI mAnavatA ko naitika aura AdhyAtmika bhAvabhUmi para lA mAnava ko mahAn aura naitika adhiSThAtA banAne meM sakSama hai / Agamika sAhitya kA pAloDana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki prArambha meM thor3e se upamAna hI the| Age calakara viSaya nirUpaNa ko sazakta banAne ke liye ghaTanAoM aura vRttAntoM kI yojanA kI gayI tathA pAkhyAna sAhitya kA zrIgaNeza huA / ataH prAkRta kathAe~ prAgamika kathA-sAhitya kI prAcI para udita hokara pandrahavIM-solahavIM zatI taka vikasita hotI rhiiN| prAkRta kathAkAroM ne samAja aura vyakti ke jIvana kI vikRtiyoM para jitanA prahAra kathAoM dvArA kiyA hai, utanA sAhitya kI anya vidhAnoM ke dvArA kabhI saMbhava nahIM thaa| yaha bhI yahAM dhyAtavya hai ki samAja aura vyakti ke vikArI jIvana para coTa karanA mAtra hI ina kathAoM kA lakSya nahIM hai, apitu vikAroM kA nirAkaraNa kara jIvana meM sudhAra lAnA tathA jIvana ko sarvAMgINa sukhI banAnA bhI hai| ___ isa satya ko pratyeka vicAravAn vyakti svIkAra karatA hai ki bhAratIya cintana kSetra meM jaina Agama-sAhitya kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / ise alaga kara deM to bhAratIya cintana camaka kama ho jAyagI aura vaha eka prakAra se dhuMdhalA-sA lgegaa| jaina AgamasAhitya meM kevala kalpanA, bauddhika vilAsa evaM mata-matAntaroM ke khaMDana hI nahIM hai, balki usameM jJAnasAgara ke manthana se samudbhUta jIvana sparzI amRtarasa hai / kathAoM, upamAnoM, udAharaNoM evaM hetuoM dvArA dArzanika, AdhyAtmika aura naitika tathyoM kI sundara vyaMjanAeM isa sAhitya meM upalabdha haiM / ataeva yaha sArvajanIna satya hai ki prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kI gaMgottarI yaha prAgama sAhitya hI haiM / jana sAhitya kI upalabdhiyoM aura vizeSatAoM kA Akalana karane vAle manISI usake kathA-sAhitya ke samakSa natamastaka hai| viNTaranitsa ne--"da jainAs ina da hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTrecara" meM batAyA hai "zramaNa sAhitya kA viSaya mAtra brAhmaNa purANa aura nijadharI kathAoM se hI nahIM liyA gayA hai, kintu lokakathAoM, parIkathAoM se grahIta hai|" jaina kathAsAhitya kI vyApakatA aura mahattA ke saMbaMdha meM pro0 harTela kA abhimata hai--"janoM kA bahumUlya kathAsAhitya pAyA jAtA hai / inake sAhitya meM vibhinna prakAra kI kathAeM upalabdha hai, jaise--pramAkhyAna, upanyAsa, dRSTAnta, upadezaprada pazakathAeM aadi| kathAoM ke mAdhyama dvArA inhoMne apane siddhAMtoM ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahuMcAyA hai| inhoMne prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi bhASAoM meM varNanAtmaka kathA-sAhitya kI kalA kA vikAsa kiyA hai / " 1-The guhjects of poetry taken up by it are not Brahmanic myths and legends, but popular tales, fairy stories, fables and parables. The Jainas in the history of Indian Literature-Edited by JINA VIJAYA MUNI, Page 5. 2-In those books as well as in the commentaries on the sidhanta, the Jains pogses an extremely valuable narrative literature which includes stories of every kind . romances, novels, parables, and beast fabler, legend and fairy tales, and funny stories of every description. The Svetamber monks used these stories as the nost efective means of spreading t.eir doctrines ainongst their country nen, and dov lope a real art of a cration in all the aboiemen one languages npr se and vers in KAVY A ag well as in the lainest style of everyday lif On the literature of the Svetamberas of Gujerat. Page 6.

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3 ataH haribhadra ko kendra mAnakara prAkRta kathAsAhitya ko nimna yugoM meM vibhakta kara usake vikAsa kA zrAkalana karanA samIcIna hogA :-- ( 1 ) zrAgamakAlIna prAkRta kathAsAhitya / (2) TIkAyugIna prAkRta kathAsAhitya | (3) haribhadra pUrvayugIna svatantra prAkRta kathAsAhitya | ( 4 ) haribhadra kAlIna prAkRta kathAsAhitya | (5) haribhadra uttarayugIna prAkRta kathAsAhitya | pratyeka yuga ke kathA-sAhitya meM zilpa evaM pravRttiyoM kI dRSTi se spaSTa antara dRSTigocara hogaa| kalAkAroM ne kahAM apanI lekhanI ko kitanA santulita rakhA hai, kisa sthAna para AkRtiyoM kA ubhAr3a kitanA aura kaisA hai, yaha kuzala zrAlocaka kI AMkhoM se chipA nahIM raha sakatA / jisa prakAra citrakalA ke kSetra meM rAjapUta kalama aura mugala kalama kA antara spaSTa dikhalAyI par3atA hai, usI prakAra prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke uparyukta yugIna kathA sthApatya meM antara rekhA suspaSTa dikhalAyI par3atI hai / yadyapi prAdyanta eka hI cetanA upalabdha hogI tathA dhArmika sUtra eka-sA hI anusyUta milegA evaM upamA aura dRSTAntoM kI eka sI hI paramparA pratIta hogI, to bhI chenI ke kama yA adhika lagane se kRtiyoM kI gaThana rekhAeM spaSTa jhlkeNgii| sugar3hatA ke tAratamya kA pratyakSIkaraNa hue binA na rahegA / hama pratyeka yugIna prAkRta kathA - sAhitya ke sAmAnya zilpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue usa yuga kI pramukha prAkRta kathAkRtiyoM kA paricaya upasthita kareMge /

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kha - - AgamayugIna prAkRta kathA - sAhitya ( 1 ) isa yuga kI kathA pravRttiyoM kA sAmAnya vivecana prAkRta kI prAgamika kathAnoM kA svarUpa nitAnta dhArmika aura naiSThika hai / (AgamoM kI prAyaH samasta kathAeM dharma yA darzana sambandhI kisI siddhAnta ko dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM prastuta karatI haiM / dhArmika kathAoM kA lakSya zuddha manoraMjana se kahIM UMcA hotA hai, aura apane lakSya ko lekara sAdhAraNa loka-kathAoM se ve pRthak bhUmi para khar3I hotI haiM / ( dhArmika kathAnoM kA lakSya hotA hai, loka jIvana meM dharma kI sthApanA, naitika mA daNDoM kI pratiSThA aura burAI ke sthAna para bhalAI kI vijaya pradarzita krnaa| sAdhAraNa lokakathAnoM meM kisI vyabhicArI ko kAma lIlAoM kA rasamaya varNana ho sakatA hai aura " kissAgo" ko isakI cintA nahIM hotI ki unakA kaisA anaitika prabhAva zrotAoM para par3egA / dhArmika kathAoM meM yadi kisI pAtra ke jIvana meM vyabhicAra yA naitika adhaHpatana dikhAyA jAyagA, to usa adhaHpatana ke kupariNAmoM kA bhI avazya nirdeza rahegA / sAdhAraNatayA loka-kathAoM meM kisI Thaga yA cora ke sAhasika vRttAntoM kA kautUhalavardhaka varNana rahatA hai yA raha sakatA / una vRttAntoM ke asAmAjika tatvoM kI AlocanA kA prabhAva bhI unameM raha sakatA hai, kintu dhArmika kathAoM meM una coroM yA ThagoM ko jIvana ke kisI-na-kisI bhAga meM zravazya hI daNDa dilAyA jAtA hai, sase samAja Upara acche saMskAra par3a sakeM / yoM to burAI ke Upara bhalAI kI sa loka-kathAoM meM bhI prAyaH dikhalAyI jAtI hai, kintu dhArmika kathAnoM meM isakA vidhAna avazyambhAvI hai / ataH zrAgamika kathAoM kA prAkalana dharma vizeSa ke sandarbha meM rakhakara hI karanA saMgata hogA / ye kathAeM kahAM taka dhArmika siddhAntoM aura niyamoM, zrAcAra-vyavasthAoM ko vyaJjita karatI haiM, isI tathya para inakI saphalatA aura kathA ke rUpa meM inakA prabhAva nirbhara karatA hai / ( ina kathAoM kI prakRti upadezAtmaka hai, isIlie inakA vAtAvaraNa aura inakA kathAtmaka pariveza dhArmika sthAna, dhArmika vyaktiyoM, dhArmika kathopakathanoM evaM dhArmika sambandhoM ke cAroM ora cakkara kATatA hai tabhI upadezAtmakatA kA nirvAha saMbhava hai aura tabhI kathA ke rUpa meM usake prabhAva kI anviti surakSita raha sakatI hai| apanI prakRti kI isI nitAnta vaiyaktikatA kI dRSTi se ina kathAoM kA svarUpa jAtIya hU~ aura jAti kI dhArmika sampatti tathA dhArmika mUlyoM ke prakAzana meM ina kathAoM meM samAja zAstrIya sApekSatAvAda ke anusAra dhArmika sApekSatA yA jAtIya sApekSatA kA sanniveza draSTavya hai / yaha sApekSatA isa bAta para AdhArita hai ki ye kathAeM apane samaya ke samAja ke dhArmika niyamoM aura rUpoM ko yathAtathya rUpa meM upasthita karatI haiM / ( kathAsAhitya ke vikAsakrama kI dRSTi se kathA kA vikAsa prasaMbhava ( impossible ) se durlabha (improbable ), durlabha se saMbhava (possible) aura saMbhava se sulabha (probable ) kI prora hotA hai / zrAgamika prAkRta kathAnoM meM vaibhava kA nirUpaNa, vratoM, prAcAroM, praticAroM, parimANoM ke sthUla thakA dene vAle citraNa, caritra kI zuddhatA para atyadhika jora ye sAre tatva vikAsa kI dUsarI koTi meM Ate haiN| jahAM zravizvasanIya citraNa kI bharamAra usakI durlabhatA yA durghaTatA kA prakAzana karatI hai, vahAM naitika ucca zrAdarza use saMbhava aura sulabha bhI banAte haiM / ghaTanA vihInatA, manovaijJAnika sUkSmatA evaM zIlanirUpaNa ke lie zrAvazyaka vAtAvaraNa aura kathopakathana kI kamI prabhRti tathya ina kathAoM ke sthApatya ko virUpa nahIM karate, apitu dhArmikatA kA samAhAra, jIvana ko usake samasta vistAra meM dekhane kI pravRtti ina kathAoM ko vizuddha kathAtmakatA ke dharAtala para pratiSThita karatI hai / sthApatya kI dRSTi se ina kathAoM kA zilpa rUparekhA mukta kahA jA sakatA hai / ina kathAnoM meM paura saundarya kA nidarzana spaSTa hai- -- eka pUrA caritra, eka pUrA vrata, koI varjanA, koI

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prAcAra, eka-para-eka sajIva kramamukta, sambaddha ina kathAoM kI sthApatya yojanA hai, jisameM kathA saMghaTana ke AdhArabhUta tattvoM kA prArambhika svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai / jAtIya saMskRti ke AdhAra para caritroM ke vyaktitva kA saMgaThana, unakA niyamana isa viziSTatA se ina kathAoM meM huA hai ki caritra kA nizcayAtmaka prabhAva antataH par3a hI jAtA hai, jo viziSTatA ina kathAoM meM caritra nirUpaNa ke prati kathAkAra kI atirikta satarkatA kA pramANa prastuta karatI hai| caritroM ke dhArmika prAcaraNa kA nirUpaNa isa artha meM yuktisaMgata bhI hai, kyoMki ina kathAoM kA spaSTa lakSya hai, jAtIya jIvana aura saMskRti kA vyavasthApana tathA apane ko jAtIya paramparA kA aMga bnaanaa| isI kAraNa ina kathAoM meM Adhunika kathA zilpa kI daSTi se pravAhazanyatA, zithilatA aura agatyAtmakatA ke doSa daSTigocara hoNge| para ina kathAoM ke uddezya para dhyAna dete hI ye doSa vilIna ho jAte haiN| apane sama: kI sAmAjika vyavasthA aura avasthA ke phalasvarUpa sthApatya kA vaha svarUpa yA mAnadaNDa usa yuga meM pracalita nahIM thA, jo Aja hai) jIvana aura samAja ko yathArthavAda ke rUpa meM parakhanA isa kathAsAhitya ka abhISTa nahIM hai| ina kathAoM meM "sacAI"--jIvana, caritra aura dhArmika mUlya ko usakI sampUrNa sattA ke sAtha pratiSThita karane kI sacAI hI usakA prANatatva hai| varNana aura ghaTanAoM ko kucha hI rekhAoM dvArA dharma siddhAnta yA darzana ke kisI khAsa pahalU ko citrita karanA hI ina kathAoM kI kalA hai) ("prAgamika kathAoM kI pramukha vizeSatA upadezAtmakatA aura prAdhyAtmikatA hai| inameM tIrtha karoM, unake anuyAyiyoM evaM zalAkA puruSoM se sambandhita eka yA aneka vyaktiyoM kI jIvana rekhAe~, vyAkhyAtmaka rUpaka, uddezya pradhAna kathAe~, vArtAe~ aura aise strI-puruSoM kI jIvana rekhAe~ sammilita haiM, jinhoMne apane uttarakAlIna jIvana meM ucca pada prApta kiyA hai|")' aMkita rekhAeM kucha apaSTa, Ter3hI-mer3hI evaM kucha hI dUra taka calakara ruka jAne vAlI haiN| prAgamika kathAoM meM nami, pArzva aura mahAvIra ina tIna tIrtha karoM ke jIvanacitra citrita haiN| nemi ke sAtha kRSNa, vasudeva tathA harivaMza ke anya vyaktiyoM ke paricaya bhI vidyamAna haiN| mahAvIra se sambandhita kathAoM meM samasAmayika rAjavaMzoM, prasiddha seTha sAhUkAroM evaM anya dharmArAdhaka vyaktiyoM ke jIvana bhI varNita hai| ina varNanAtmaka upadezaprada kathAoM meM kucha caritra aitihAsika puruSoM ke haiN| prAgamika prAkRta kathAoM meM kucha kathAe~ jaina paramparA se calI AyI huI jaina dharmAnumodita hai aura kucha bhAratIya kathAoM ke naitika-dhArmika koSa se lekara jainadharma para ghaTAkara likhI gayI hai| DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne AgamakAlIna kathAoM ko pravRttiyoM ke vizleSaNa meM batAyA hai-"prArambha meM, jo mAtra upamAe~ thIM, unako bAda meM vyApaka rUpa dene aura dhArmika matAvalambiyoM ke lAbhArtha usase upadeza grahaNa karane ke nimitta unheM kathAtmaka rUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai"| "nAyA dhammakahAno" meM sundara udAharaNa prAya haiN| kacha prA apane aMgoM kI rakSA ke lie zarIra ko sikor3a letA hai, lauko kIcar3a se AcchAdita hone para jala meM DUba jAtI hai aura nandIvRkSa ke phala hAnikAraka hote haiN| ye vicAra upadeza dene ke lakSya se vyavahRta hue haiN| ye citrita karate haiM ki prarakSita sAdhu kaSTa uThAtA hai, tIvrodayI karmaparamANuoM ke gurutara bhAra se prAcchanna vyakti naraka jAtA hai aura jo viSayAnanda kA svAda lete haiM, anta meM ve duHkha prApta karate haiN| inhIM prAdhAroM para upadeza pradhAna kathAeM varNanAtmaka rUpa meM yA jIvanta vArtAoM ke rUpa meM pallavita kI gayI hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki AgamakAlIna kathAoM kI utpatti katipaya upamAnoM, rUpakoM aura pratIkoM se hI huI hai|) 'indroDakzana bRhatkathA koSa, pR0 18 /

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6 (2) AgamakAlIna prAkRta kathAoM kA parizIlana jaina zrAgama ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI ina do prAkRta bhASAoM meM nibaddha milatA hai / ) yaha satya hai ki mUlataH zrAgama ardhamAgadhI meM hI thA, para eka paramparA vartamAna meM upalabdha ardhamAgadhI zrAgama ko mUla Agama nahIM mAnatI, yataH usa paramparA kI prAgamika kRtiyAM zaurasenI prAkRta meM haiN| yahAM ukta donoM hI bhASAoM meM upalabdha zrAgamika kathA- kRtiyoM para vicAra upasthita kiyA jAyagA / zrAcArAMga meM kucha aise rUpaka aura pratIka milate haiM, jinake AdhAra para pAli, prAkRta aura saMskRta meM kathAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| chaThaveM adhyayana ke prathamoddezaka meM 'se bemi se jahAvi kumme harae viNiviTThacitte pacchannapalAse ummaggaM se no lahaI bhaMjagA iva 'na labhaMti mukkhaM / zra0 6 / 1, pR 437 / arthAt --- eka kacha ue ke udAharaNa dvArA, jise zaivAla ke bIca meM rahane vAle eka chidra se jyotsnA kA saundarya dikhalAyI par3A thA, jaba vaha punaH apane sAthiyoM ko lAkara usa manohara dRzya ko dikhAne lagA, to use vaha chidra hI nahIM milA, isa prakAra tyAga mArga meM satata sAvadhAnI rakhane kA saMketa kiyA hai / yaha rUpaka kathA- vikAsa ke lie bar3A upayogI siddha huA hai / majjhimanikAya aura saMyuktanikAya meM isI rUpaka ke AdhAra para dharmakathA upalabdha hotI hU~ | mahAtmA gautamabuddha bhikSutroM ko manuSya janma kI durlabhatA batalAte hue kacchapa kA uparyukta udAharaNa bhI uddhRta karate haiN| batAyA gayA hai - "saMyyathApi, bhikkhave, puriso ekacchriggalaM yugaM mahAsamudde pakkhipeyya / tamenaM puratthimo vAto pacchimena saMhareyya, pacchimo vAto puratthamena saMhareyya, uttarovAto dakkhiNena saMhareyya, dakkhiNo vAto uttarena saMhareyya / tatrAssa kANo kacchapo, so vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena sakiM ummuJjeyyA taM kiM maJJa, bhikkhave, api tu so kANo kacchapo pramusmi ekaccha se yuge gauvaM pava seyyAti ?" "no hetaM, bhante / yapi pana bhante, kadApi karahaci dIghassa zraddhano zraccayenA" ti / "khiSpataraM kho so, bhikkhavaM, kANo kacchapo zramasmi ekacchiggale yuge gIvaM parva seyya, to dullabhatarAhUM, bhikkhave, manussattaM vadAmi sakiM vinipAtagatena bAlena / taM kissa hetu ? na heltha, kkhive, pratthi dhammacariyA, samacariyA, kusalakiriyA, puJJakiriyA / maJjakhAdikA ettha bhikkhave varttAta dubbalakhAdikA / " zraJja saMyukta nikAya meM bhI yaha rUpaka isI prakAra milatA hai- " seyyathApi, bhikkha, puriso mahAsamudda ekacchiggalaM yugaM pakkhipeyya / " tatra pissakANo kacchapo / so vassasatassa vassasatassa zraJJayena saki saki ummujyeya / taM kiM maJjaya, bhikkhave, zrapi na kho kANo kacchapo vassasatassa vassasatassa zraccayena sakiM sakiM ummujjanto zrasmiM ekacchiggale yuge gIvaM pava seyyA" ti / isase spaSTa hai ki kacchapavAlA rUpaka prAcIna sAhitya meM bahuta lokapriya rahA haiM aura isakA vyavahAra nirantara hotA rahA hai / zrataH zrAcArAGgasUtra meM ullikhita rUpaka uttarakAlIna kathAnoM kA srota hai / dvitIya zrutaskandha kI tIsarI cUlA meM mahAvIra kI jIvanI upalabdha hotI hai / isameM kathAtattva kI dRSTi se jIvanAMkana kI rekhAe~ saMketAtmaka haiM / 1 - majjhimanikAya bhAga 3, pR0 236-40 - - nAlandA saMskaraNa, bAlapaNDitasutta | 2 - saMyuktanikAya bhAga 5, pR0 386 - - paThamacchiggalayuga suttaM, nAlandA saMskaraNa !

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sUtra kRtAMga ke chaTaveM aura sAtaveM adhyayana meM prArdrakakumAra ke gozAlaka aura vedAntI tathA peDhAlaputra udaka ke sAtha sampanna hue gautama svAmI ke saMvAdoM kA ullekha hai| isake dvitIya khaNDa ke prathama adhyayana meM pAyA hA puNDarIka kA daSTAnta to kathAsAhitya ke vikAsa kA advitIya namUnA hai / eka sarovara jala aura kIcar3a se bharA huA hai| usameM aneka zveta kamala vikasita hai| sabake bIca meM khilA huprA vizAla zveta kamala bahuta hI manohara dIkha rahA hai / pUrva dizA se eka puruSa prAtA hai aura isa zveta kamala para mohita ho use lene lagatA hai, parantu kamala taka na pahuMca kara bIca meM hI phaMsa kara raha jAtA hai| anya tIna dizAoM se Aye hae puruSoM kI bhI yahI durgati hotI hai / anta meM eka vItarAgI aura saMsAra taraNa kI kalA kA vizeSajJa bhikSu vahAM prAtA hai / vaha kamala aura ina phaMse hue vyaktiyoM ko dekhakara sampUrNa rahasya ko hRdayaMgama kara letA hai| ataH vaha sarovara ke kinAre para khar3A hokara hI "he zveta kamala ur3akara yahAM prA" kahakara use apane pAsa bulA letA hai aura isa taraha kamala usake pAsa A giratA hai / yahAM pUNDarIka daNTAnta ke pratIkoM kA vizleSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTAnta meM varNita sarovara saMsAra hai, pAnI karma hai, kIcar3a kAma bhoga hai, virAT zveta kamala rAjA hai aura anya kamala jana-samudAya hai| cAra puruSa vibhinna matavAdI haiM aura bhikSu saddharma hai / sarovara kA kinArA saMgha hai, bhikSu kA kamala ko bulAnA dharmopadeza hai aura kamala kA A jAnA nirvANa lAbha hai / isa prakAra sUtrakRtAMga meM(pratIkoM kA prAdhAra lekara kucha upamAoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / sthAnAMga meM kramazaH eka se lekara dasa taka ke bhedAnusAra vastuoM ke svarUpa vaNita hai| inameM katipaya upamAna-upameyoM dvArA vRttAntAtmaka tathya bhI nirUpita haiN| samavAyAMga meM bhI mAtra kathA bIja hI upalabdha hote hai| vyAkhyAtA prajJapti yA bhagavatI sUtra meM pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI jIvana ghaTanAoM kA aMkana hai| anya tItha karoM ke do-cAra nirdeza bhI upalabdha haiN| isameM udAharaNoM, (dRSTAntoM, upamAoM aura rUpakoM meM kathAsAhitya ke aneka siddhAnta nihita haiN| sUtra 211 meM AyI huI kAtyAyana gotrI skanda kI kathA sundara hai / isakI ghaTanAoM meM rasamattA hai aura ye ghaTanAeM kathAtattva kA sRjana karane meM pUrNa sakSama hai| nAyAdhammakahAno ke do zrutaskandha haiN| prathama zrutaskandha ke unnIsa adhyAyoM meM nIti kathAeM aura dUsare zrutaskandha ke dasa vargoM meM dharma kathAeM aMkita haiN| ye sabhI kathAeM eka meM eka guthI huI hai| (yadyapi sabhI kathAoM kA svatantra astitva hai, para lakSya eka hai--dharmavizeSa kI pratiSThA aura prasAra / ) __ prathama adhyayana meM meghakumAra kI kathA hai / meghakumAra kA jIvana vaibhava janya ahaMbhAva kA tyAgakara sahiSNu bana pAtmasAdhanA meM saMlagna rahane kA saMketa karatA hai / yahI isakA antima lakSya aura uddezya hai| isa uddezya meM yaha kathA pUrNa saphala hai| avAntararUpa se isa kathA meM Adarza rAjya kI kalpanA kI gayI hai / ) rAjagRha nagarI ke suzAsana kA varNana aura mahArAja zreNika ke prAdarza rAjya kI kalpanA zrotA ke mana meM/prAdarza rAjya aura suzAsana ke prati lalaka utpanna karane meM sakSama hai| isa kathA kA vikAsa loka-kathA kI zailI para huA hai-loka-kathA meM koI jaTila anahonI-sI bAtasamasyA rakha dI jAtI hai aura eka pAtra ke dvArA usakI pUtti ke saMkalpa kI ghoSaNA kI jAtI hai, tatpazcAt usake prayatnoM ko sAmane lAyA jAtA hai| isase kautUhala kI saSTi hotI hai / ) mahArAnI dhAriNI devI ko asamaya meM hI varSAkAlIna dRzya dekhane icchA prakaTa karane meM eka aisI hI samasyA kA bIjAropaNa hA hai| isa kathA ke pAtra hI prAdarza nahIM hai, apitu isameM prAdarza dRzyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai / ( zIla kI dRSTi se sabhI pAtra vargazIla (Flat character) ke hai)| kathA kA bandhA-bandhAyA rUpa

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sAmane AyA hai / isa kathA meM aneka kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / punarjanmoM tathA zratiprAkRta tattvoM ( Supernatural elements) kI yojanA, divya zakti ke camatkAra evaM atizayoktiyAM Adi kI bharamAra hai meghakumAra muni kA uccAdarza pAThaka ko tadrUpa hone ke lie preraNA detA hai / dUsare adhyayana meM dhannA aura vijaya cora kI kathA aMkita hai / kathA meM seTha aura cora ko vandIgRha meM eka hI sthAna para milAne se dhvanita hotA hai ki zrAtmA aura zarIra eka hI ber3I meM Abaddha haiM / zrAtmA seTha aura zarIra cora ke sthAna para hai / zarIra rUpI cora ko bhojana diye binA Atmazodhana meM kAraNa tapazcaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai / vivekI vyakti sAdhanA kI siddhi ke lie zarIra ko bhojana dete haiM, poSaNa mAtra ke lie nahIM / ( isa kathA kI eka anya vizeSatA pAtroM ke nAmakaraNa kI hai / ina nAmoM se pAtroM kI vRtti aura pravRttiyoM kA bhI saMketa mila jAtA hai, ) yathA dhannA seTha prAja dhannA seTha paramaizvaryazAlI ke lie muhAvarA hI bana gayA hai / bhadrA seTha kI patnI kA nAma hai, jo yathAnAma tathA guNa hai / vijaya cora nAma bhI bahuta vilakSaNa hai / lagatA hai ki usa yuga meM bahuta se kulIna vyakti bhI sAhasika ho corI kA kRtya karane lagate the / dhannA ke putra kA vijaya cora apaharaNa karatA hai aura gahanoM ke lobha se use mAra DAlatA hai / talAza karane para vijaya cora pakar3A jAtA hai / yahAM cora kA prAsAnI se pakar3A jAnA kathAtatva kI dRSTi se ucita nahIM hai / isase kutUhala tattva naSTa ho gayA hai jo kathA kA prANa haiM / isa kathA kA vikAsa zartapaddhati para huA hai / yaha loka kathAoM kI eka bahuta pracalita kathAnaka rUr3hi hai / zarta ke bala se kisI pAtra ko vivaza hokara koI prakaraNIya karma karanA par3atA hai aura pAThakoM ko yaha jAnane kA kautUhala hotA hai ki dekhA jAya aba isakA pariNAma kyA hone vAlA hai / putraghAtaka ko bhojana dene meM jisa dvandva kI sRSTi huI hai, vaha kautUhalavardhaka hai / kathAtattva kI dRSTi se isa kathA kA zrAdhunika kathA-sAhitya meM bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai tIsare adhyayana meM sAgaradatta aura jinadatta kI kathA hai / isa kathA kA mUloddezya mayUra ke aMDoM ke udAharaNa dvArA samyaktva ke nizzaMkita guNa kI abhivyaMjanA karanA hai / isa uddezya meM yaha kathA saphala hai / isa kathA meM kutUhala kI mAtrA yatheSTa nahIM hai / jinadatta aura sAgaradatta vezyA ko sAtha lekara vanakrIr3A ke lie jAte haiM, vezyA vApasa lauTa AtI hai / yahAM kathAnaka ke prati jijJAsA adhUrI hI raha jAtI hai / pAThaka anta taka socatA rahatA ho ki usa vezyA kA kyA huA, jo una panika yuvakoM ke jIvana meM kucha kSaNoM ke lie AyI thI / kathAnaka ke vikAsa meM isa ghaTanA kA koI mahatvapUrNa yoga nahIM I aisA lagatA hai ki ukta lokakathA ke caukhaTe meM dharmatattva ko phiTa kiyA gayA / yahI kAraNa hai ki lokakathA ko adhUrI chor3a uddezya kI abhivyaMjanA kI gayI caturtha adhyayana meM jantukathA aMkita hai / yaha do kacchapa aura zRgAloM kI kathA hai / isa kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo vyakti saMyamI aura indriyajayo hai, vaha aMga sikor3ane vAle kacha ue ke samAna Ananda aura jo indriyAdhIna tathA asaMyamI hai, vaha uchala-kUda karane vAle kacha ue ke samAna kaSTa se jIvanayApana karatA hai aura vinAza kA kAraNa banatA hai / ( pazu-pakSiyoM ko pAtra banAkara kisI khAsa nIti yA tattva para prakAza DAlanA hI isa kathA kA uddezya hai

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pAMcaveM adhyayana meM thAvacca kumAra, zukamuni aura saMlaga rAjarSi ke kathAnaka haiM / vizuddha upadeza kI yojanA karanA hI inakA lakSya hai / (praznottara aura pravacana zailI ke upayoga dvArA kathAnakoM meM kautUhala saMvardhana karane kI pUrI ceSTA kI gayI hai / sAtaveM adhyayana meM dhannA aura usakI patohuoM kI sundara loka-kathA prAyI haiM isa kathA meM buddhikauzala kI parIkSA kA citraNa hai zvasura apanI cAroM putrabadhutroM ko dhAna ke pAMca-pAMca dAne detA hai / sabase bar3I patohU ujjhikA una dAnoM ko nirarthaka samajha kara pheMka detI haiM, dUsarI patohU bhogavatI unakA chilakA utAra kara khA jAtI hai, tIsarI patohU rakSikA unheM surakSita rUpa se rakha detI haiM aura cauthI patohU rohiNI una dhAnoM ko kyAriyoM meM bokara saikar3oM ghar3e dhAna utpanna karatI hai / zvasura punaH una badhunoM ko ekatra kara apane diye hue dhAna ke dAnoM kI mAMga karatA hai / vaha rohiNI se bahuta prasanna hotA hai aura usI ko ghara kI svAminI banA detA hai / isa pratIka kathA meM pratIkoM kA udghATana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki cAra putrabadhueM mani haiM, dhAna ke pAMca dAne paMcANuvrata haiM / kucha unakA pAlana karate haiM, kucha unakA tiraskAra karate haiM aura kucha aise muni haiM, jo mAtra unakA pAlana hI nahIM karate, balki dUsaroM ke kalyANa ke lie unakA pracAra karate haiM / ( AThaveM adhyayana meM mallikumArI kI kathA hai / yaha kathA samasyAmUlaka, ghaTanA pradhAna aura nATakIya tattva se yukta haiN| isameM kathArasa kI sundara yojanA huI hai / isa kathA meM ullikhita kaI pAtra sAMsArika aizvarya ke bIca rahate hue bhI bhogoM se virakta haiM / ) vAstava meM isa kathA meM chaH kathAnoM ko eka rUpa diyA gayA hai aura isa ekatva dvArA rAgabhAva kA udAttIkaraNa upasthita kiyA gayA hai / mahAbala kA durdhara tapazcaraNa tathA usameM tanika kapaTAcaraNa usake strItII kara bandha kA kAraNa hotA hai / yaha kathA bahuta rocaka hai / yahAM saMkSipta kathAvastu dI jAtI hai / mithilA ke rAjA kI eka adbhuta sundara kanyA thI, jisakA nAma malli thA / chaH rAjakumAra aneka sAdhanoM se -- citradarzana, svapnadarzana, guNa zravaNa zrAdi se --- usake sauMndarya para mohita ho jAte haiM / va mithilA pahucate haiM, lekina ve mithilA nareza ko pasanda nahIM zrAte / ve milakara rAjA para AkramaNa kara dete haiM, malli apane pitA ko salAha detI haiM ki unheM eka-eka kara mere pAsa bhejiye / vaha eka mohanagRha taiyAra karavAtI hai / usameM apanI pratimA - mUrti banavAkara rakhatI hai, jisake sira para surAkha rakhA jAtA 1 usa sUrAkha meM vaha pratidina apanI jUThana chor3atI rahatI haiM aura surAkha kA muMha kamala ke puSpa se Dhaka detI hai / eka-eka karake rAjakumAra Ate haiM / jaba ve pratimUtti ke saundarya kA pAna karate praghAte nahIM dikhate to vaha svayaM sAmane Akara sUrAkha khola detI hai / sAMga se ve nAka-bhauMha car3hAte haiM, to vaha kahatI hai--" ime yA rUbe prasubhe poggale pariNAme imassa puNa orAliyasarIrassa khe lAsavassa vaMtAsavassa pittAsavasta sukkasavassa soNiyaprayAsavassa dusayaUsAsanIsAsassa duhayamuttapUiyapurIsapuNNassa saDaNa jAva dhammassa kerisae ya pariNAma bhavissai " sundara mUrti ke bhItara na jAne kyA-kyA gaMdagI par3I rahatI haiM / isa pradArika zarIra se nirantara mala, mUtra, thUka, khakhAra, rakta, pIva prAdi prazuci padArtha nikalate rahate haiM / ataH gaMdagI kI khAna isa zarIra se kauna mamatA karegA / rAjakumArI ne apane pUrvajanmoM kI kathAeM bhI unheM sunAyoM aura saMnyAsa lene kA nizcaya bhI vyakta kiyA / ve rAjakumAra bhI muni ho gaye / 1 - e0 vI0 vaidya dvArA sampAdita nAyAdhammakahAo, pR0 114, anuccheda 80 /

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nauveM adhyayana meM mAkandI putra jinarakSa aura jinapAla kI kathA hai| isameM saMyoga tattva (Element of chance) kI sundara yojanA huI hai / kathArasa bhI sarvatra hai| nagara, mahala aura sArthavAha parivAra kA sundara varNana pAyA hai / vAtAvaraNa kA samaSTigata prabhAva acchA dikhAyI par3atA hai / isameM pralobhanoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie saMketa kiyA gayA hai / isa kathA ke prArambha meM pAThaka ke samakSa pralobhanoM kA jAla upasthita hotA hai, parantu kathA ke anta meM pAta-pAte adhyetA viSaya ke prasAra ko bhUla jAtA hai aura caturdik se umar3atI huI viSayoM kI nissAratA apanA pUrA prabhAva prastuta kara detI hai| ____bArahaveM adhyayana meM durdara nAmaka deva ko kathA, caudahaveM adhyayana meM amAtya teyali kI kathA, solahaveM adhyayana meM draupadI kI kathA evaM unnIsaveM adhyayana meM puMDarIka aura kuMDarIka kI kathA sundara aura sarasa hai| dUsare zrutaskandha meM (mAnava, deva aura vyantara prAdi ko camatkAra pUrNa sAmAnya ghaTanAeM nirUpita haiN| (sthApatya kI dRSTi se ye kathAeM bahuta UMcI uThI huI haiN| inameM prAkAra kI saMkSiptatA to hai, kintu kathA ko mAMsalatA sarvatra nahIM hai / kucha kathAoM meM kathArasa avazya chalachalAtA hai| deza aura kAla kI parimiti ke bhItara aura kucha paristhitiyoM kI saMgati meM mAnava-jIvana kI jhalaka dikhAnA aura itivRttoM yA kathAkhaNDoM ke parivezoM ko samaSTi prabhAva ke utkarSonmukha banAnA ina kathAoM ke zilpa ke bhItara pAtA hai / (anAvazyaka varNana aura madhyavartI vyAkhyAeM kathArasa ke prAsvAdana meM avarodhaka hai| ina kathAnoM kA prArambha aura madhya kI apekSA upasaMhAra aMza adhika sazakta hai / aisA lagatA hai ki ye upasaMhAra kathA kI carama paraNati hai aura upasaMhAra ke mAdhyama se upadeza tattva ko sAmane rakhA jAtA hai / __uvAsaga dasAno ke dasa adhyayanoM meM Ananda, kAmadeva, culinIpitA, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuMDakolika, saddAlaputta, mahAzataka, nandinIpitA aura zAlinIpitA ina dasa zrAvakoM kI (divya jIvana gAthAoM kA citraNa hai| inhoMne sarvAMzataH saMsAra ko nahIM chor3A thA, balki ye zrAvaka ke vratoM kA pAlana karate hue mokSamArga meM saMlagna rahe the / kathAoM kA zilpa evaM varNya viSaya prAyaH samAna hai| ataH ekAdha kathA ke saundarya vizleSaNa se hI samasta kathAnoM ko yathArtha jAnakArI ho jAyagI / ) prAnanda ke caritra se svastha, arugNa, zuddha caritravAda yA vyaktivAda kI sthApanA hotI hai| caritra kI vyApti sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa kI sImA meM prAbaddha hai / yaha caritra pArivArika jIvana kI bhitti para AdhArita hai, jo sAmAjika aura dhArmika jIvana kI prayogazAlA ke rUpa meM svIkArya hai / Ananda dhArmika preraNA se AkRSTa hokara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa jAtA hai aura unase dhArmika upadeza kI mAMga karatA hai| avAntara bhagavAn pAMca aNuvrata aura sAta zikSAvratoM kI tathA inake aticAroM kI vyAkhyA karate hai| Ananda prasannatApUrvaka zrAvaka ke dvAdazavratoM ko niraticAra rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra pArivArika jIvana meM prAnanda ke caritra kA samyak vikAsa ghaTita hotA hai aura vyaktitva ke unnayana kI cintA eka dhArmika svarUpa grahaNa karatI hai| prAnanda ke vaMbhava aura samaddhi kA UhAtmaka citraNa sampatti ke prati usa samaya kI samAjika sthiti aura dRSTikoNa kA bodha karAtA hai, jisa sampatti kI nigarhaNA parimANa ke dvArA kI gayI thI / ataH isa rUpa meM prAnanda ke caritra meM vAbhAvikatA hai / isa kathA meM parimANoM kI carcA evaM vyaktitva ke prativAdI pahaluoM ke niyamana ke lie aticAroM kI vyavasthA prAdi caritra-gaThana aura vyaktitva-gaThana ke prAvazyaka tattvoM ke rUpa meM grAha ya haiN| yadyapi vratoM, aticAroM aura parimANoM kA ullekha kathAtattva kA vighaTana karatA hai, to bhI dhArmika prayojana ko siddha karane ke kAraNa kathArasa banA hI rahatA hai|

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11 (ghaTanAhInatA kA doSa avazya hai, kintu prAcIna yuga kI kathA meM isa doSa kA rahanA svAbhAvika hai / jijJAsA aura kutUhala tatva bhI isa kathA meM nahIM hai ) isa kathA kA sabase pradhAna tattva hai, isakI pArivArikatA / parivAra kI sukhada aura ekAnta sthiti ke bIca hI dharma kI pratiSThA citrita karanA tathA gRhasthAvasthA meM bhI zravadhijJAna kI utpatti dikhalAnA, gautama kA zrahaMbhAva ko chor3akara gRhastha Ananda se kSamA yAcanA karanA isa kathA ke sAmAjika pariveza kA pramANa haiM / eka hI kathA meM punarjanma, tyAga kI mahimA, jAtigata bheda-bhAvoM ke prati upekSA zrAdi sabakA citraNa kara da enA kathA saMyojanA kI dRSTi se isa kathA kI vizeSatA hai / dharma aura upadeza ke bhAra se prAcchanna hone para bhI isa kathA meM rUpa vinyAsAtmaka kathopakathana kI zailI ke darzana hote haiM / kAmadeva kI kathA meM anya bAteM Ananda kI kathA ke samAna hone para bhI / pizAca dvArA usakI dRr3hatA kI parIkSA lenA aura nAnA prakAra ke upasarga pahuMcAne para bhI usakA avicalita rahanA eka navIna ghaTanA hai, jo isa kathA ke kathAnaka ko gatizIla banAne ke sAtha usameM yatheSTa kathArasa kA saMcAra karatI hai / pizAca kI AkRti kA aisA hRdayasparzI varNana kiyA hai, jisase usakI ghora mUrti pAThaka ke netroM ke samakSa upasthita ho jAtI hai / "sIsaM se gokilaMja- saMThANa-saMThiyaM, sAli sellasarisA se kaisA kavilateeNaM dippamANA, mahallAuDiyA kabhallasaM gaNasaMThiyaM niDAlaM, magaMsapuMcha va tassa bhumagA phuggaphuggA, vigayabI acchadaMsaNAtra, sIsaghaDi - viNigAyAiM acchINi vigaya bhaccha - daMsaNAI kaNNA jaha suppakattaraM ceva vigayabIbhaccha - daMsaNijjA, urabbhapuDasannibhA se nAsA, jhusirA- jamala- bullI - saMThANa-saMThiyA do vi tassa nAsApuDyA, ghoDyapuMchaM va tassa maMsUI kavilakavilAI vigabIbhacchadaMsaNAI, hatthesu aNguliio'| arthAt -- usa pizAca kA mastaka gAya ko khAnA khilAne ke lie jo bAMsa kA bar3A TokarA rakhA jAtA hai, usako zrauMdhA karane se jaisA zrAkAra banatA hai, vaisA hI thA / cAvala ke bhUse ke samAna piMgala varNa ke camakIle usake keza, miTTI ke ghar3e ke kapAloM ke samAna bar3A lalATa, naulA yA gilaharI kI pUMcha ke samAna bikharI huI bhayaMkara donoM bhauMha, ghar3e ke mukha jaisI vizAla aura camakIlI prAMkha, anAja phaTakane ke sUpa ke Tukar3e ke samAna kAna, bher3a kI nAka ke samAna cipaTI nAka, do mile hue cUlhe ke samAna nAsikA chidra, ghor3e kI pUMcha ke bAloM ke samAna kaThora dAr3hI-mUMcha ke bAla, UMTa ke hoThoM ke samAna lambe-lambe hoTha, lohe kI kuzA ko samAna lambe-lambe dAMta, sUpa ke samAna caur3I jilvA, hala ko mUMTha ke samAna lambI aura Ter3hI Thor3I, lohe kI kar3AhI ke madhya bhAga ke samAna karkaza gAla, mRdaMga ke zrAkAra ke samAna phaile hue kandhe, nagara ke daravAje ke samAna vizAla chAtI, anAja bharane kI koThI ke samAna donoM sthUla bhujAeM, zilA ke samAna caur3e hAtha evaM lor3ha ke samAna hAthoM kI aMguliyAM thIM / (isa zabda - citra ke dvArA pizAca kI bhayaMkara aura bIbhatsa zrAkRti kA jIvanta citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isake upasargoM ke samakSa prati sAhasI vyakti hI praDiga raha sakatA hai / ) isa pizAca ne kAmadeva zrAvaka ko aura bhI kaI rUpa dhAraNa kara parIkSA lI / ina samasta ghaTanAoM meM ekarUpatA hai, ye sabhI kathAvastu ko mAMsala banAtI haiM / culinIpitA ke samakSa upasthita kiye gaye upasargoM kI prakriyA kAmadeva ke upasargoM kI prakriyA kI apekSA bhinna hai / isake samakSa mAyAvI deva na e mAyAvI rUpa meM usake putroM kA badha dikhalAyA hai / jaba vaha dharma se vicalita na huA to usane usakI 1 --- uvAsagadasA dvi0 pra0, pR0 18-16, gore dvArA sampAdita saMskaraNa /

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12 mAtA ke sAtha mAyAvI rUpa meM anArya vyavahAra karate hue dikhalAyA / yaha vyavahAra use sahaya nahIM huA, phalataH vaha use pakar3ane ko daur3A / isa ghaTanA meM culinIpitA kA zIla bahuta hI nikharA hai / mAtA kA apamAna aura usake sAtha anArya vyavahAra koI bhI gRhastha sahana nahIM kara sakatA hai / zrataH vaha mAtA ke apamAnakArI ko pakar3ane daur3atA hai / vaha usake duSkRtya kA phala cakhA denA cAhatA hai / parivAra ke bIca rahane vAlA vyakti isa prakAra ke nIca kRtya kA parizodhana na kare, yaha kaise saMbhava hai / ( kathAtattva kI dRSTi se cu lanIpitA kA zIla saMvedanazIlatA kI prANamayImUrchanA utpanna karane evaM anubhUtimUlaka mAnava caritra kI adhikAdhika bhaMgimAoM ke utAracar3hAva ko prastuta karane meM sakSama hai / ) saddAlaputra kathA tarkamUlaka hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saddAlaputra ke samakSa tarka dvArA niyativAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai / isa kathA meM mAnava manovijJAna ke zrAdima siddhAMta bhI vidyamAna haiM / maMkhaliputra gosAla saddAlaputra ko prasanna karane ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prazaMsA karatA hai / use isa mAnava manovijJAna kA patA hai ki kisI kI priya vastu yA priya vyakti kI prazaMsA kara dene se vaha vyakti prasanna ho jAtA hai / priya vyakti meM vyakti apanI zrAtmA kA zrAropaNa karatA hai / darzana kI carcA rahane para bhI kathA pravAha meM nahIM prAyI hai / ( ghaTanAeM kramabaddha ghaTita hotI haiN| yadyapi ghaTanA zaithilya vidyamAna hai, to bhI tarkasaMgata vyApAroM kA niyojana rahane se vaha vizeSa khaTakatA nahIM hai / sAhityika dRSTi se ratha kA varNana bahuta ha sundara aura lokatatva nikaTa hai / isa kathA meM saMskRti aura samAja kA acchA citraNa huA hai / antaHkuddazA meM una tapasvI strI-puruSoM kI kathAeM haiM, jinhoMne (apane karmoM kA zranta karake mokSa prApta kiyA hai| isameM ATha varga aura e2 upadeza haiM / ( pratyeka upadeza meM kisI na kisI vyakti kA nAma avazya AtA hai ye samasta kathAeM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM / Adi ke pAMca vargoM kI kathAoM kA sambandha zrariSTanemi ko sAtha aura zeSa tIna vargoM kI kathAoM kA sambandha mahAvIra tathA zreNika ke sAtha haiM / - pAThaka ko mahAn Azcarya hotA hai, jaba vaha rAjakIya parivAra ke strI-puruSoM ko dIkSA grahaNa karate pAtA hai aura sAmUhika rUpa meM AdhyAtmika mukti kI AvAja bRhattara stara para dharma prasAraNa ke lie sunatA haiM / gajasukumAra aura arjuna kI kathAeM hacikara haiM / yadyapi adhikAMza kathAoM meM kevala nAmoM kA hI nirdeza haiM, ghaTanAoM kA nirUpaNa nahIM / ina sabhI kathAnoM meM kathA kI mAMsalatA zraura rasamayatA prAyaH nahIM hai / kRSNa aura kRSNa kI prATha patniyoM kI kathA saMsAra se virakti prApta karane ke lie pUNa preraka hai / ( bhASA sarala hai, para zailI meM koI AkarSaNa nahIM hai / hAM, kathAoM meM bIja bhAva ( Germinal idea ) avazya haiM, jo prAkRta kathAnoM kA vikAsa zravagata karane ke lie Avazyaka haiM / ( anuttaropapAdika dazA meM aise vyaktiyoM kI jIvana gAthAeM aMkita haiM, jinhoMne nirvANa lAbha to prApta nahIM kiyA, para apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA anuttara vimAna ko prApta kiyA hai / isameM kula tIna varga haiM, jinameM kramazaH dasa, teraha zraura dasa adhyayana haiM / tRtIya varga meM zrAyI huI dhannA kI kathA avazya ghaTanApUra hai / isameM upavAsa yA tapazcaraNa karane kA mahatva pradarzita haiM / ghaTanAoM yA kathAnakoM ke mAtra vyore hI upalabdha haiM / ) prabhAvotpAdaka DhaMga ghaTanAoM ko ghaTita hone kA avasara nahIM milA hai / fare sUtra meM prANiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye acche aura bure karmoM kA phala dikhalAne ke lie bIsa kathAeM bhrAyI haiM / isa grantha ke prathama zrutaskandha ke dasa zradhyayanoM

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meM duHkhavipAka-azubha karmoM kA phala dikhalAne ke lie mRgAputra ujjhita, amagnasena, zakaTa, bRhaspatidatta, nandiSaNa, ambaradatta, soriyadatta, devadatta aura ajadevI kI jIvanagAthAeM aMkita hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke dasa adhyayana meM zubhaphala pradarzita karane ke lie subAhu, bhadranandI, sujAta, suvAsava, jinadAsa, dhanapati, mahAbala, bhadranandI, mahAcandra aura varadatta kI jIvanagAthAeM ullikhita hai| uparyukta ina bIsa pAkhyAnoM dvArA yaha batalAyA hai ki koI bhI prANI janma-janmAntaroM meM apane yoga --mana, vacana aura kArya kI kriyA ke dvArA apane rAga dveSa aura moha Adi bhAvoM ke nimitta karmoM kA bandha karatA hai, karmodaya hone para punaH rAga-dveSa kI utpatti hotI hai aura bhAvoM ke anusAra karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| ina baMdhe hue karmoM kA prAtmA ke sAtha kisI vizeSa samaya kI avadhi taka rahanA kaSAya kI tIvratA yA mandatA para nirbhara hai| yadi kaSAya halke darje kI hotI haiM to kama paramANu bhI jIva ke sAtha kama samaya taka Thaharata hai aura phala bhI kama hI dete haiN| kaSAyoM kI tIvratA hone para pAye hue karma paramANu jIva ke sAtha adhika samaya taka bane rahate haiM aura phala bhI adhika milatA hai| ataH prAsurI vRttiyoM kA tyAga kara daivI pravRttiyoM ko apanAnA cAhie / ina pAkhyAnoM meM janma-janmAntara meM kiye gaye zubhAzubha karmaphaloM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki karma saMskAroM kI mahattA dikhalAne ke lie hI ye kathAeM gar3hI gayI hai / / kathAtattva kI dRSTi se maMgAputra' kathA sundara hai| isameM ghaTanAoM kI kramabaddhatA ke sAtha ghaTanAoM meM utAra car3hAva bhI hai / praznottara zailI kA Azraya lekara kathopakathanoM ko prabhAvotpAdaka banAyA hai / mRgAputra kA bIbhatsa rUpa upasthita kara duzcaritoM se pRthak rahane ke lie saMketa kiyA hai / ujjhikA kI kathA meM dRzyoM kA bahuta sundara citraNa huA hai| ina kathAoM meM mAMsa bhakSaNa, madirApAna, durAcAra, kapaTAcAra Adi se pRthak rahane kA upadeza vartamAna hai / ( samasta kathAoM meM vargazIla kA nirUpaNa huA hai| mRgAputra, ujjhikAdi pAtra apaneapane varga kA pratinidhitva karate haiN|) caritra uccAvaya preraNAoM ke anurUpa asamagati se kabhI Upara aura nIce nahIM hote haiN| sabhI caritra samagati se vikasita hote hue dikhalAyI par3ate haiN| caritrAMkana meM prabhAvotpAdakatA yA anya kisI prakAra kA kauzala nahIM hai / ataH pAtroM ke zIla ke prati AkarSaNa yA vikarSaNa utpanna nahIM ho pAtA / manoraMjana kA tattva bhI prAyaH nagaNya hai (ati prAkRtika tattvoM kI yojanA kaI sthaloM para huI hai| duHkhoM ke mUrta svarUpa jina pAtroM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, unake kaSToM se dravita ho pATaka ke mana meM sahajAnubhUti to jAgrata ho hI jAtI hai) para Akasmika ghaTanAoM kA samAveza na hone se sthAyI prabhAva nahIM par3a pAtA hai / (kathA prArambha se hI pAThaka usake phala kI anubhUti kara letA hai| upadeza tatva kI saghanatA itanI adhika hai ki kutUhala vRtti ke jAgnata hone kA avasara hI nahIM A pAtA __ praupapAtika meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke puNyabhadra bihAra meM jAkara karma aura punarjanma ke sambandha meM upadeza dene kI kathA hai |(gautm indrabhUti ke praznoM aura mahAvIra uttara meM bhI kathAbIja vidyamAna haiM) rAyapaseNiya meM devasariyAna kI mokSaprApti kI kathA tathA rAjA pradezI aura muni ke zI ke bIca hue prAtmA kI svataMtra sattA para manohara vArtAlApa aMkita hai| 1-iheva miyaggAme Nagare vijayassa--putte miyAdevAe attae miyA utte NAmaM dArae nAtanadharuNasthiNaM tassa dAragassa... . .habvamAgate / vipAka0 pR0 32 /

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14 (kathAsAhitya kI dRSTi se isameM kathA ke vizeSa guNa vartamAna nahIM haiN| hAM, itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki isameM kathAsUtroM kI kamI nahIM hai ) ___kalpikA meM ajAtazatru ke dasa sautele bhAiyoM aura unake nAnA vaizAlI nareza ceTaka ke bIca hue yuddhoM kA varNana hai / / ajAtazatru ke jIvana ke kaI pahalU isameM aMkita haiN| nauveM upAMga kalpAvataMsaka meM narakagata una rAjakumAroM ke putroM kI kathAeM hai, jinheM satkarma ke kAraNa svarga prApta hayA hai| ina sabhI kathAnoM meM janma aura karma kI santatimAtra hI ullikhita hai / ) gyArahaveM upAMga puSpacUlA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pUjA ke lie puSpaka vimAnoM para pAnevAle devI-devatAoM ke pUrva janma kI kathAeM aMkita hai| antima upAMga vRSNidazA meM ariSTanemi dvArA vRSNi kumAroM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita hone kI kathAeM varNita hai| (cheda sUtroM meM kalpasUtra kathAsAhitya kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanagAthA ke sAtha anya tIrtha karoM ke jIvana-sUtra bhI upalabdha hai| nirayAvalI meM kuNika, zreNika aura celanA ke putroM kI jIvanagAthAeM ullikhita hai| prasaMgavaza isameM kapittha, somilla, subhadrA, puSpacUlA Adi kI kathAeM bhI AyI hai| (mUlasUtroM meM uttarAdhyayana prAkhyAna sAhitya kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM bhAvapUrNa evaM zikSApUrNa kaI pAkhyAna sannaddha hai / ) pAThaveM adhyayana meM pAyA huA kapila kA kathAnaka bar3A hRdayahArI hai| kapila kauzAmbI ke uttama brAhmaNa kula meM janma letA hai| yuvA hone para zrAvastI ke eka diggaja vidvAn ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana karatA hai / yauvana kI prAMdhI se pAhata hokara mArgabhraSTa hotA hai aura eka kAmuko ke cakra meM phaMsa jAtA hai / eka dina isakI priyA rAja darabAra meM jAne kI preraNA karatI hai aura daridratA kA hArA kapila svarNamudrAoM kI bhIkha ke lie rAtri ke antima prahara meM rAja darabAra kI pora prasthAna karatA hai, parantu sipAhI use cora samajhakara giraphtAra kara lete haiM / rahasya khulane para vaha rAjA ke dvArA mukta kara diyA jAtA hai aura usase yatheccha vara mAMgana ko kahA jAtA hai / kapila tuSNAkula hokara rAjya mAMgana ke lie udyata hotA hai, parantu tatkAla hI usakA viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai, usakA mana kahane lagatA hai ki do svarNa mudrAoM ko mAMgane prAyA huA, tU sampUrNa rAjya kI cAha karane lgaa| kyA sampUrNa rAjya ke milane para bhI prAtmatoSa saMbhava hai ? isa prakAra vicAra kara vaha samasta parigraha ko chor3akara sAdhu ho jAtA hai aura rAjA tathA upasthita darabAriyoM ko prAzcarya meM DAla detA hai / bArahaveM adhyayana meM harikezI kI kathA saMkalita hai / / isa kathA dvArA jAtivAda aura hiMsaka yajJa kA pratyAkhyAna kara ahiMsaka yajJa evaM samatAvAda kI siddhi kI gayI hai| terahaveM adhyayana meM pAyA huzrA citta-sambhUti kA pAkhyAna vairAgya kI ora le jAne vAlA hai| bAisaveM adhyayana meM zrIkRSNa, ariSTanemi aura rAjImati kI kathA varNita hai, jo rAjImati kI caritradar3hatA kI daSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| nArI ke caritra kA udAtta rUpa kise apanI ora AkRSTa na karegA ?) (ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM upalabdha prAgamika kathA sAhitya meM prAyaH aise prAdarza yA pratIka vAkya upalabdha haiM, jinakA avalambana lekara TIkA granthoM meM yA uttarakAlIna sAhitya meM sundara kathAoM kA sRjana huA hai ) kahA jAtA hai ki jAtaka kathAoM ke pUrva bauddha sAhitya meM sUtrarUpa meM kucha aisI gAthAeM thIM, jinako AdhAra mAnakara jAtaka kathAoM

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15 kA vikAsa huA / tAtparya yaha hai ki ina gAthAoM meM hI kathA kA samasta prabhAva nihita rahatA thA tathA pAThaka inheM sahaja meM smaraNa bhI rakha sakatA thA / ( jaina Agamika sAhitya meM bhI ukta prakAra ke Adarza sUtroM kI bahulatA hai, jo pAThaka ke antas para apanA amiTa prabhAva aMkita karate haiM tathA jinake prAdhAra para uttarakAla meM kathAoM kA vikAsa huA hai / ) uttarAdhyayana kI kathAnoM kA pahale ullekha kiyA hai| isa grantha meM isa prakAra kI bIjadharmA gAthAoM kI bahulatA hai| AdarzasUtra vAkya' jinameM jIvana kI dizA ko mor3a dene kI paryApta zakti vartamAna hai, aura jinapara kathAoM kA bhavya prAsAda khar3A kiyA jA sakatA hai| cora, vijayaghoSa, jayaghoSa evaM zakaTa ke dRSTAnta tathA kathAtmaka nIti vAkyoM ko isa ardhamAgadhI Agamika kathAoM ke pramukha upAdAna mAna sakate haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki ukta kathAoM yA kathAbIjarUpa Adarza vAkyoM kA lakSya tapa, saMyama, ahiMsA, sadAcAra, Atmatattva ke pratipAdana ke sAtha jAtivAda, hiMsA, mithyAtatva evaM vikRtiyoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA hai / isI prakAra jaba hama dUsarI ora zaurasenI bhASA meM nibaddha prAgamika prAkRta kathAsAhitya kI gambhIra dhArA ko ora dRSTipAta karate haiM to yahAM bhI isameM carita kAvyoM ke bIja evaM paurANika AkhyAnoM, nijadharI kathAoM evaM dRSTAnta kathAoM ke prArUpa upalabdha hote haiN| yoM to zaurasenI Agamika granthoM meM pradhAna rUpa se karmasiddhAnta evaM darzana ke kisI anya viSaya kA nirUpaNa hI milatA hai, para to bhI nAmoM kA uddezya vAkyoM ke rUpa meM kathAoM ke bIja bhI mila jAte haiN| zaurasenI bhASA kI kathA paramparA ke anusAra jJAtRdharmakathAMga meM, jo ki isa mAnyatAnusAra lupta hai, aneka prakAra ke zikSAprada pAkhyAna the| antaHkRddazAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrthakAla meM nami, mataMga, somila, rAmaputra, sudarzana, yama, bAlmIka aura baloka prAdi (jina mahApuruSoM ne saMsAra bandhana kA uccheda kara nirvANalAbha kiyA thA, unako jIvanagAthAeM aMkita thiiN| isake atirikta anya teIsa tothaMkaroM ke tIrthakAla meM jo dasa prasiddha mahApuruSa karmabandhana se rahita hue the aura jinhoMne dAruNa upasargoM para vijaya prApta kiyA thA, unakI jIvanagAthAoM kA ullekha thA / ) anuttaropapAdika dazAMga meM anuttaravimAnavAsI RSidAsa, dhanya, sunakSatra, kAttika, nanda, nandana, zAlibhadra, abhaya, vAriSeNa aura cilAtaputra ke una bhAvapUrNa prAkhyAnoM kA nirdeza thA, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the aura jinhoMne bhayaMkara dasa-dasa upasagoM para vijaya prApta thaa| ina jIvanagAthAoM ke atirikta zeSa teIsa tIrtha karoM ke samaya meM bhI jo dasa 1-maNagutto vayagutto kAyagutto jiindiyo| sAmagaM niccalaM phAse jAvajjIvaM dRDhavvapro / / utta0 22 / 47 / . 2-taNe jahA sandhimuhe gahIe sakammuNA kiccai pAvakArI / evaM payA pecva ihaM ca loe kaDANa kammANa na mokkhu asthi / / utta0 4 / 3 / 3-evaM se vijayaghose jayaghosassa antie| aNagArassa nikkhanto dhamma soccA aNuttaraM / / utta0 25-44 / 4-vahaNe vahamANassa kantAraM aivttii| joge vahamANassa saMsAro aivattaI / utta0 27 / 2 / 5-marihisi rAyaM jayA tayA vA maNorame kAmagaNa vihAya / evako hu dhammo naradevatANaM na bijjaI anmiheha kiMci // utta0 14 / 40 /

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prasiddha mahApuruSa isa prakAra ke ghora upasargoM para vijaya prApta karake anutaravAsI hue the, unake AkarSaka pAkhyAnoM kA bhI vizava aura vistRta varNana thA / ___ bArahaveM dRSTipravAda aMga meM kaulakala, kANeviddhi, kauzika, harismazru, mAMcha pikaromaza hArIta, muNDa aura prAzvalAyana prAdi 120 prakriyAvAdiyoM kA, marIcikumAra, kapila, ulUka, gArgya, vyAghrabhUti, vAdali, mAThara aura maudgalAyana prAdi 84 kriyAvAdiyoM kA, sAkalya, vAlkala, kuthumisAtyamugra, nArAyaNa, kaTha, mAdhyaMndi, moda, paippalAda, bAdarAyaNa, ambaSThi, kudauvinAyana, vasu, jaiminI prAvi 67 prajJAna vAdiyoM kA evaM vaziSTha, pArAzara, jatukaNi, bAlmIki, romaharSiNi, satyadatta, vyAsa, elAputra, praupamanyava, indradatta aura ayasthuNa Adi 32 vainayikoM kA tarkapUrNa khaMDana kiyA hai| svamata sthApana aura parapakSa nirUpaNa meM kathopakathana kA sahArA liyA gayA hai / ataH ina dArzanika saMvAdoM meM kathAtattva pUrNatayA vidyamAna the| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki kathA ke udgama yA janma lene meM vyaktivAcaka nAma aura upamAna sabase bar3e upAdAna hai| dRSTivAva aMga meM ina upAdAnoM kI kamI nahIM thii| upalabdha sAhitya meM prAcArya kunda kunda ke bhAvapAhuDa meM bAhubali, madhupiMga, vaziSThamuni, zivabhUti, bAhu, dvIpAyana, zivakumAra aura bhavyasena ke bhAvapUrNa kathAnakoM kA ullekha milatA hai| bAhubali aparigrahI hokara bhI mAnakaSAya ke kAraNa kucha varSoM taka kuluSita citta bane raheM / madhupiga nAma ke munirAja niHsaMga hokara bhI nidAna ke kAraNa dravya-liMgI bane rahe / isI nidAna ke kAraNa vaziSTha muni ko durgati kA duHkha sahana karanA pdd'aa| bAhu' muni naM krodhAveza meM prAkara daNDaka rAjA ke nagara ko bhasma kiyA thA. phalataH unheM rokha naraka meM jAnA par3A / dvIpAyana dvArikA ko bhasma karane ke kAraNa ananta saMsArI bane / bhAva zramaNa zivakumAra yuvatiyoM se veSTita rahane para bhI vizuddhacitta, Asanna bhavya bane rahe / bhavyasena munirAja gyAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrvo ke pAThI hone 1-jJAtadhamakathAyAM pAkhyAnopAkhyAnAM bahaprakArANAM kathanaM / saMsAra yaste'ntakRtaH nemimatagasomilarAmaputrasudarzanayamabAlmIkavalIkaniSkambalapAlAmbaSTaputrA ityete dazavardhamAna tIrtha kara stIrthe / evamRSabhAdInAM trayoviMzatestortheSvanyanye ca daza dazAnagArA daza daza dAruNAnupasargAnnijitya kRtsnakarmakSayAdantakRta : daza asyAM varNyanta iti antaHkRddazA |--Rssidaasvaany-sunksstr-kaattik-nnd-nndn-shaalibhdr- abhaya- vAriSaNa- cilAtapUtrA ityete daza vardhamAnastIrtha-karatIrthe / tatvA 0 rA0 a0 1, sU0 20, vA0 12, pR0 51 / 2-kautkala kANoviddhi-kauzika-harismazru-mAMchapika-romaza, hArIta-muNDAzvalAyanAdInAM--vyAsalAputropanyavandrattAya sthUNAdInAM / ---tattvA0 rA. vA0 a0 1, sUtra 20, vA0 12, pR0 51 / 3-bhAva prAbhRtam, gA0 44 / 4-bhAva-prA0 gaa0,45| 5-bhAva prA0 gA0, 46 / 6-vahI, 46 / 7-vahI,50 / 8-bhAva prAbhRtam, gA0 51 / 6-vahI, 52 /

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para bhI samyaktva ke prabhAva meM bhAva zramaNa nahIM bana sake / zivabhUti' muni ko tuSabhASa ke vAstavika jJAna se kevalajJAna kI prApti huI / tiloyapaNNatti meM tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM kI jIvanI ke sambandha meM mUlabhUta prAmANika sAmagrI prAyI hai| caritoM ke vikAsa ke lie yahI sAmagrI prAdhAra hai / baTTakara ke mUlAcAra meM bhI eka AkhyAna AyA hai, jisameM mahendradatta dvArA eka hI dina meM mithilA meM kanakalatA prAdi striyoM kI aura sAgaraka Adi puruSoM kI hatyA karane kA ullekha hai| zivArya kI mUlArAdhanA meM bhI surata kI mahAdevI, gorasaMdIva muni aura subhaga gvAlA Adi ke sundara kathAnaka hai| (isa prakAra Agamika prAkRta kathA-sAhitya meM upamAna, rUpaka, pratIka aura vyaktivAcaka nAma jo ki kathAoM ke mUla upAdAna hai, prApta hai| isameM upAsakadazA aura nAyAdhamma kahAno jaisI vikasita kathAkRtiyAM bhI upalabdha hai|) 1-bhAvaprAbhatam, gA0 53 / 2--ti0 pa0 ca0 adhi0 gA0 515-1498-mAtA pitA nAma, janmatithi, janmanakSatra, janmanagarI evaM jIvana ke pramukha kAryo kI vivecanA upalabdha hai| 3-kaNayaladA NAgaladA vijjuladA taheva kuMdaladA / edA viya teNa hadA mithilANayarie mahiMdadattaNa / / sAyarago ballahago kuladatto baDDhamANago ceva / divaseNikkeNa hadA mihilAe mahiMdadattaNa / / --mUlA0 2 / 86-87 / 4--mUlArAdhanA a0 6 gA0 1061, 615, 756 /

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ga--TIkAyugIna prAkRta kathAsAhitya (1) kathA pravRttiyoM kA sAmAnya vivecana katipaya upamAnoM, rUpakoM aura pratIkoM ko AdhAra lekara AvirbhUta prAkRta kathAsAhitya kA prAgamottarakAla meM paryApta vikAsa huaa| yaha isake vikAsa kA. dvitIya stara hai| bhASya, niyuktiyAM, cUrNiyAM aura TIkAeM Agama granthoM ke artha ko hI spaSTa nahIM karatIM, balki paryApta mAtrA meM varNanAtmaka sAhitya bhI upasthita karatI hai| hama TokAyugIna prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke vivaraNa ke pUrva usakI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM para prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka samajhate haiN| yataH yaha vizleSaNa ukta yugIna kathAoM ko antazcetanA aura sthApatya ko paryApta Alokita kregaa| (sabase pahalI cIja, jo TIkAyugIna kathAoM ko apane pUrvavartI kathAsAhitya se alaga karatI hai, vaha hai zailIgata vizeSatA / ) prAgama-kathAeM "vaNNo " dvArA bojhila thiiN| campA yA anya kisI nagarI ke varNana dvArA hI samasta varNanoM ko avagata kara lene kI aora saMketa kara diyA jAtA thaa| paranta TIkAnoM meM yaha pravatti na rahI aura kathAnoM meM sundara varNana hone lge| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha AyI ki (ekarUpatA aura ekatAnatA ke sthAna para vividhatA aura navInatA kA prayoga hone lgaa| viSayoM ke cunAva, nirUpaNa aura sampAdana hetuoM meM vividhatA kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai| navInatA kI dRSTi se pAtra, viSaya, pravRtti, vAtAvaraNa, uddezya, rUpagaThana evaM nIti saMzleSa prAdi sabhI meM navInatA kA AdhAra grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| apanI ina donoM prakAra kI viziSTatAoM meM prayoga kI dRSTi aura usa prayoga ke sAtha kathA nirvAha kI samartha cetanA ina kathAoM kA vaha tatva hai, jo kathA ko mAtra rUDha aura gatihIna sAhitya rUpa tathA zilpa mAnane kA samarthaka nahIM hai, jo TIkAtroM ke sthira aura maulika racanA ke hrAsa yuga meM bhI prANavanta aura jIvana ko citrita karane ke dAyitva-saMbhAra se pUrNa aura sajaga raha sakatA hai| sAmAnyataH kisI bhI sAhitya yA vAGmaya kA TIkAyuga vikAsadhArA meM usa sthiti kA sUcaka hai, jaba racanA prakriyA meM Agama kI vazatitA aura nayI maulikatA ko janma dene kI bhItarI becainI, ye pravRttiyAM sAmane AtI haiN| isalie TIkAyuga sAhitya meM anAyAsa Tapaka par3ane vAlA, para naye vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka-gatyavarodha kA yuga hotA hai|) ( yaha gatyAvarodha isa bAta ko lekara hotA hai ki sRjana kI pUrvApara upalabdhiyoM ke mUlyAMkana kI samasyA ke sAtha cetanA ko anvita kaise kiyA jAya, usa anviti kA kyA rUpa ho, usakI sArthaka aura Avazyaka saMgati ke kauna-kauna tattva hai, aadi| jo ho (TokAoM meM saThazalAkA puraSoM kI mAtra jIvanagAthAeM hI nahIM hai, balki lokakathA, nItikathA aura upadezaprada daSTAnta kathAoM ke vikasita rUpa bhI vidyamAna hai| (bhASya, cUNiyoM aura TIkAoM meM yadyapi kathAnoM kI zailI Agamika kathAoM ko zailI kI apekSA bhinna hai, para antarAtmA vahI hai aura sthApanA-paddhati bhI vahI hai , jo Agamika kathAsAhitya ke antargata "nAyA ghammakahAno" meM hai| para TIkAyugIna kathAoM kI eka pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve duhare prakAra ke dAyitva nirvAha se sambandhita hai| eka ora ve pUrvavartI sAhitya kI vyAkhyA aura arthApana ke lie suvidhAjanaka mArga kA nirmANa karane meM nimitta hai--aura isa prakAra usa vizeSa sAhitya ke adhyayana meM saMlagna hai, jo apanI samRddhi aura garimA meM classica zreNya ho jAtA hai--aura dUsarI ora ve nayo maulikatA aura saMvedanA ko janma dene ke lie dharatI yA pRSThabhUmi taiyAra karane kA kArya karatI hai| TIkAyugIna kathAoM ke pariveza paryApta vistRta hai| pravRttiyoM kI sthApanA meM jitanA ThaharAva saMbhava hai, utanA pravAha nhiiN|

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16 TIkAyugIna kathAoM meM dUsarI cIja, jo haThAt hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karatI haiM, vaha haiM, unakI rUpAkRti meM adhikAdhika saMbhAvita laghutA kA sanniveza ) yaha isa yuga kI prAkRta kathAoM kI nayI upalabdhiyAM haiM, jo Agamika kathAoM meM ajJAta aura anupalabdha haiM / kathA kA rUpa yA sthApatya do bAtoM para nirbhara karatA hai -- prathama yaha ki kathA jisa vAtAvaraNa meM ghaTita ho rahI haiM, usake vistAra, sImA aura nirNAyaka tattva kauna-kauna se haiM / unake pAtroM ke uddezya viSaya ke sAtha kauna-kauna se saMbaMdha haiM aura ve sambandha kisa vizeSa tattva dvArA nirdhArita ho rahe haiM / kathAoM kI rUpAkRti ko prabhAvita karane vAle nirdhAraka tattva kI uddezya ke prati kitanI sajagatA hai aura prabhAvotpanna karane meM usakI kitanI kSamatA hai / kathA ke rUpatattva ko nirdhArita karane vAlI dUsarI vastu hai usakI AvazyakatA The AvazyakatA ke lie kathA likhI jA rahI haiM, ) jIvana ke kisa rUpa ko vyakta karanA usakA pratipAdya hai, Adi / TIkAyugIna kathAnoM kI spaSTataH zrAvazyakatA bhASya yA vyAkhyA ke silasile meM nIti yA kisI tathya kI puSTi ke rUpa meM hI grAhya hai / inakI laghutA kA ekamAtra prAdhAra isa artha meM nIti hai--nIti ke svarUpa, grahaNa aura vyaMjanA tInoM meM saMkSiptatA zrAvazyaka vastu satya hai / nItipradhAna kathAoM kI sAmAnya pravRtti prabhAvavAdI hotI hai - apane prabhAva ko prakSuNNa aura sahaja grAhya banAne ke lie nItipradhAna kathAeM apane laghu pariveza meM hI suzobhita hotI haiM / zrAkAra kI dRSTi se kar3oM TIkAyugIna kathAeM prAja kI laghu kathAoM (short stories ) se samatA rakhatI haiM / ataeva TIkAyugIna kathAoMoM kI eka viziSTa pravRtti unako nItiparakatA hai, jo zrAgamika prAkRta kathA kI dhArmikatA ke pUrva dharAtala se apane pRthaka karane kI prakRti ture haiM / gamika kathAoM meM kucha ko chor3a, adhikAMza kathAoM ko hama sAmpradAyika dhArmikatA se abhibhUta kaha sakate haiM - unameM loka kathAoM yA nIti kathAoM jaisA saMketa yA nidaza nahIM, kintu TIkAyugIna adhikAMza kathAnoM meM paryApta manoraMjana haiM, sAtha hI jIvanavyApI tathya bhI / zrAkhyAnoM kI pIyUSadhArA meM jIvana kI aneka saMbhAvanAeM vyakta huI haiM / kathAeM svarUpa kI dRSTi se purANa se adhika nijandharI kahI jA sakatI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki inameM aisI nItiparakatA hai, jisapara dhArmikatA kI koI nijI chApa nahIM hai / nissandeha katipaya TokAyugIna kathAeM sAmpradAyika haiM / ye eka nayI pravRtti kI sthApanA aura usake bar3hAva kA prayAsa karatI haiN| ina kathAoM kI nIti unmukhatA pUrNataH vyApaka jIvana ke saMdarbha meM ghaTita hotI haiM, kisI sampradAya vizeSa ke pantha nirUpaNa meM nhiiN| nIti kathana meM zrAtyantika prakharatA, nIti yA upadeza ko pakar3ane kI zIghratA evaM prabhAvotpAdana meM atyadhika sAvadhAnI, ina prAkRta kathAoM ke pariSkRta aura vyavasthita zilpa ke Avazyaka upAdAna haiN| yaha nIti kathya nahIM hai, balki sAMketika yA saMvedya hai / isI kAraNa yaha sArvabhaumika aura sAdhAraNa jana-prAsvAdya hai / TIkAyugIna prAkRta kathAoM kA sthApatya rUparekhA kI muktatA ( clarity of ou line) se mukta karatA hai / ina kathAoMoM kI eka anya vizeSatA sAmAnya loka paramparA ke grahaNa kI haiM / ) yaha kathA ke vikAsa kI eka nayI cetanA hai, jisake bIja 'nAyAdhamma kahAnI' meM varttamAna the| loka-jIvana ko asAmAnya vividhatA meM udghATita karanA, kathA ko jIvanta, maulika aura preSaNIya banAnA hai ) / (loka tattva ke AdhAra para nAyaka kI sthApanA kI gayI hai / ina kathAoM kA zIla guNa sampanna, samAdara prApta vyakti hI nAyaka banane kA adhikArI nahIM hai; balki loka kA koI bhI pAtra cAhe vaha kisI

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bhI stara, jAti yA varga kA ho, nAyaka yA pAtra hai| nAyaka kA pada aitihAsika yA paurANika vyaktiyoM ko hI nahIM sauMpA gayA hai, kintu kalpita sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI isa pada ke adhikArI hai| itanI bAta avazya hai ki nAyaka sAmAjika avasthA ke citraNa meM hI apanA vikAsa prakaTa karatA hai| phalataH samAja ke vividha prakAra ke sadasyoM, nAnA prakAra kI prathAoM aura andhavizvAsoM kA pUrNarUpeNa nirUpaNa huA hai / lokajanya audArya ina kathAoM meM pracura mAtrA meM milatA hai| pazu-pakSI ko bhI pAtroM ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| paza manovijJAna kI jAnakArI bhI ina kathAnoM meM yatheSTa rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| prAgamika kathAoM kI pratIka paddhati TIkAoM meM upadeza rUpa meM parivattita dRSTigocara hotI hai|) kathA kI cetanA meM vikAsa kA dUsarA kSetra hai, ina kathAoM meM vividha prakAra kI pravRttiyoM ke citraNa kA samAveza) mAnava mana ke gahana loka meM prathama vAra praveza karane kA prayAsa inameM huA hai| lokakathA, hAsya, tantra-mantra, anuzrutiyAM, prahelikAeM prabhRti vibhinna prakAra ke sArvajanIna tattva TIkAyugIna prAkRta kathAoM meM grahIta hai| sthUla mAnavIya vRttiyoM, jaise krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, moha, ghRNA, IrSyA prAdi kA citraNa karane vAlI kathAeM kisI mUla mAnavavRtti ko citrita karane ke prasaMga meM grathita hai| pazu pAtroM meM mAnavIya pravRttiyoM kA prAropaNa kahAnI meM rocakatA aura kautUhala, ina donoM mahatva pUrNa tathyoM kI ora saMketa karate hai|) (viSaya kI dRSTi se ye kathAeM do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kI jA sakatI haiM--paurAgika aura dhArmika / paurANika kathAoM meM bhI kalpanA kA pUrA puTa vidyamAna hai| cANakya aura candragupta jaise aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ke pAkhyAnoM meM bhI nAmoM kI hI aitihAsikatA dRSTigocara hotI hai, zeSa paurANikatA hI inameM vartamAna hai| __ TrITamenTa kI dRSTi se ye kathAeM pahelI sAhitya ke adhika nikaTa haiN| kahAnI se adhika inameM pahelI banane kI pravRtti hai| inake bhItara Aye hue nIti vAkya ko pakar3anA pahelI bUjhane ke samAna hI hai| isase vAstavika kathAtatva ke samAhAra aura samanvaya meM dUrasthatA kA prA jAnA svAbhAvika hai| isI kAraNa kucha kathAeM zuSka aura arocaka pratIta hotI haiN| ) (vistRta kathA yAtrA meM ye kathAeM pUrNa aura svatantra haiN| inakA astitva aura sImA vistAra apane kSetra se bAhara nahIM hai| bhASya aura cUrNiyoM meM pAyI huI kucha kathAeM to nizcita rUpa se eka dvIpa yA kSepaka ke samAna mAlUma par3atI hai| manoraMjana aura kautUhala kA samAhAra ina kahAniyoM ko laghu kahAnI ke adhika nikaTa lAtA hai (TIkAoM meM sAmAnyatayA viSaya kA vistAra hotA hai aura eka viSaya ke antargata aneka viSaya rahate haiN| ye kathAeM jisa viSaya kI puSTi meM AtI haiM, usameM apane viSaya kI pUrNa pratiSThA karatI hai, ataH apane viSaya ke cunAva yA usake nirUpaNa meM AkarSaNahInatA aura asvAbhAvikatA kA doSAropaNa bhI inameM saMbhava nahIM hai / /inake pAtra TipIkala (typical) aura vAtAvaraNa evaM paristhiti ke anukUla hai| ve samAja ke pratyeka varga se Ate haiM aura unapara kisI maryAdA kA bandhana nhiiN|) ina kathAnoM kI pUrNa saphalatA isa bAta para nirbhara karatI hai ki ye bhASya, caNiyoM aura TIkAtroM meM jisa viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie prayukta huI hai, usa uddezya meM saphala hai yA nhiiN| For Private & Personal use only :

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21 (2) TIkAyugIna prAkRta kathAeM niyukti sAhitya bhI vizAla hai / dasa zrAgama graMthoM para niyuktiyAM upalabdha haiM" / piNDa, dha aura prArAdhanA jaisI kucha svataMtra niyuktiyAM bhI haiN| svataMtra niyuktiyoM meM prathama do dazavaikAlika aura Avazyaka niryukti kI pUraka hai| tRtIya kA ullekha mUlAcAra meM milatA hai / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki ina niyuktiyoM meM nijadharI kathAeM mAtra kathAtmaka vAtAvaraNa ho upasthita karatI haiM / kathAsAhitya kI dRSTi se niyuktiyoM meM utanI sAmagrI nahIM haiM, jitanI bhASya aura TIkAoM meM haiM / cUrNiyoM meM bhI vyAkhyA aura vivaraNa ke sAtha sundara kathAeM upalabdha haiM / ataH prAkRta kathAoM kA TIkAyugIna mAnacitra upasthita karane ke lie cUNibhASya aura TIkAoM kA hI avalambana lenA adhika zreyaskara hogA / zrAvazyaka cUrNi aura dazavaM kAlika kI kathAeM to itanI lokapriya haiM ki unakA pRthak saMskaraNa prakAzita ho cukA hai / yadyapi TIkA graMthoM meM saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM meM hI kathAeM AtI haiM, para hamArA adhyayanIya viSaya prAkRta kathAsAhitya haiM, ataH hama usI kI carcA kareMge / prAkRta kathAsAhitya kI dRSTi se zrAvazyaka cUrNi sUtrakRtAMga cUNi, nizItha cUrNi aura dazavekAlika cUrNi bahuta samRddhazAlI haiM / Avazyaka cUrNi meM aitihAsika, ardhaaitihAsika, dhArmika aura laukika prAdi kaI prakAra kI kathAeM upalabdha haiM / aitihAsika kathAoM meM pramukha rUpa se rAjA zAlivAhana kI nabhovAhana para vijaya, mahAvIra kI prathama ziSyA candanabAlA', zreNika aura celanA kA vivAha, kUTanItijJa cANakya Adi; ardha aitihAsika meM rAnI mRgAvatI kA kauzala, rAjA udayana aura pradyota kA yuddha, rAjA karaNDu", kalpaka kI caturAI" Adi; dhArmika kathAoM meM valkala corI", RSikumAra, dhUrtavaNika", 1- DA0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita bRhatkathA koSa kA "inTroDakzana" pR0, 31 / 2 -- prarAhaNaNijjattI maraNavibhattI ya saMgahatthudi / paccakkhANAvAsaya dhammakA ya erisa / / mUlAcAra gra0 5, gAthA 276 // 3 - - dazava kAlika sUtra eNDa niryukti jeDa- DI0 ema0jI, 46 lIpajiMga 1862 / 4 - prAvazyaka cUrNi kA racanAkAla sAtavIM zatAbdI hai / 5 - - Avazyaka cUrNi 2, pRSTha 201 / 6- prA0 cU0 pR0 316-20 / 7-- prA0 cU0 2, pR0 164 / 8-0 cU0 pR0 563-565 / 6--A0 cU0 pR0 87 - 61 / 10--A0 cU0 pR0 166 / 11 - 0 cU0 2, pR0 204-7 // 12- 0 cU0 2, pR0 180 - 182 / 13 -- prA0 cU0 pR0 456 / 14 -- 0 cU0 pR0 531 /

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vyavasAyI kRtapuNya' Adi evaM laukika kathAoM meM lAlacaburI balAya, paMDita kauna', kokkAsa bar3haI, catura rohaka', caturAI kA mUlya, par3ho aura guno bhI evaM itanA bar3A laDDu Adi kathAeM zAmila haiM / (zrAvazyaka cUrNa meM AyI huI loka kathAoM ke srota paMcataMtra, hitopadeza aura kathAsaritsAgara meM upalabdha haiM ) mUlasarvastivAda ke vijayavastu tathA mahA - ummaggajAtaka meM "lAlaca burI balAya " tathA "par3ho aura guno bhI" ke sUtra mila jAte haiM / aitihAsika, ardha- aitihAsika aura dharmakathAoM ke sUtra itihAsa aura zrAgama meM prApta haiM / "lAlaca burI balAya" meM eka gIdar3a kI lobha pravRtti kA phala dikhalAyA gayA hai jisane mRta hAthI, zikArI aura sarpa ke rahane para bhI dhanuSa kI DorI ko khAne kI ceSTA kI aura phalasvarUpa vaha DorI TUTakara tAlU meM laga jAne se vahIM Dhera ho gayA / " paMDita kauna ?" meM eka tote kI sundara kathA hai / 22 Avazyaka cUrNa meM prAyI huI sabhI kathAeM sarasa aura manoraMjana haiN| inameM adhikAMza aisI kathAeM haiM, jo Aja bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM loka meM pracalita haiM / " kissA goI" itanI bar3I huI haiM ki katipaya kathAeM dharatI kI apekSA AkAza se jyAdA sambandha rakhatI haiN| nIti aura upadeza pratyeka kathA meM nihita hai / ina laghu kathAoMoM ke kathAnaka paryApta mAMsala haiM / aitihAsika aura ardha- aitihAsika kathAoM meM kalpanA aura aitihAsika tathyoM kA samucita saMtulana hai 1) 1112 dazakAlika cUrNa meM "IrSyA mata karo "0 " apanA-apanA puruSArtha" aura " gIdar3a kI rAjanIti acchI lokakathAeM haiN| " IrSyA mata karo" meM eka ISyAlu vRddhA kA citraNa haiM, jo par3osI ke sarvanAza ke lie apanA bhI sarvanAza karatI haiM / " apane - apane puruSArtha " meM cAra mitroM kI kathA varNita haiM, jo paradeza meM jAkara apane-apane bhAgya aura puruSArtha se sammAna tathA dhana prApta karate haiM / (isa kathA meM saMyoga tatva kI abhivyaMjanA bhI sundara huI hai| loka kathA ke prAyaH sabhI tattva nihita hai " gIdar3a kI rAjanIti" meM batAyA gayA hai ki jaMgalI pazutroM meM zrRMgAla kitanA catura hotA hai / vaha apanI buddhi ke prabhAva se siMha jaise parAkramI aura hAthI jaise vizAla pazu ko bhI adhIna kara letA hai / kuzalatA isI bAta meM haiM ki apane se nirbala, tulyabala aura sabala ko apane adhIna kara liyA jAya / 1- prA0 cU0 pR0 467 / 1-- 0 cU0 pR0 166 / 3-- prA0 cU0 pR0 522 / 4 - A0 cU0 pR0 540 / 5- prA0 cU0 pR0 544 / 6--A0 cU0 pR0 2, 57-60 / 7- prA0 cU0 pR0 553 / 8. prA0 cU0 pR0 546 / 6--do 'hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyAM, pR0 21 / 10 --- daza0 cU0 pR0 68 / 11 -- daza 0 cU0 pR0 103 - 104 / 12- daza 0 cU0 pR0 104 /

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23 nizIthacaNi meM anyAya ke pratIkAra ke lie kAlakAcArya' ko kathA prAyI hai| ujjayinI kA rAjA gardabhilla kAlakAcArya ko sarasvatI nAmaka bhaginI, jo ki sAdhvI thI, para prAsakta ho gayA aura usane use balapUrvaka apane antaHpura meM rakha liyaa| kAlakAcArya ne IrAna ke bAdazAha kI sahAyatA se gardabhilla ko parAsta kara apanI bahana kA uddhAra kiyaa| sUtrakRtAMga cUNi meM "prAka kumAra kI kathA", "hastitApasa nirAkaraNa kathA", 'arthalobhI vaNika kI kathA" prAdi kaI sundara prAkRta kathAeM aMkita haiN| Ardraka kumAra kI kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki prAIka kumAra pravajita hokara vasantapura meM AyA aura yahAM eka zreSThikanyA usa para Asakta ho gyii| phalataH kanyA ke durAgraha ke kAraNa AIka kumAra kA vivAha usa kanyA ke sAtha ho gyaa| putra utpanna hone para Ardraka kumAra punaH dIkSita hokara jAne lagA, para putra aura patnI ke Agraha se use bAraha varSoM taka aura ghara meM rahanA pdd'aa| pazcAt dIkSita hokara usane ghora tapazcarara kiyA pArivArika sambandha hI isa kathA meM romAMTika vAtAvaraNa kA sRjana karatA hai| mamatA hI parivAra ko bhitti hai / isI ke kAraNa tyAgI vyakti ko bhI sAMsArika bandhana meM phaMsa jAnA par3atA hai|) arthalobhI vaNika kI kathA meM AyA hai ki eka rAjA prativarSa utsava manAyA karatA thaa| eka samaya usane aAjJA dI ki sabhI puruSa nagara se bAhara nikala jAveM, kevala striyAM hI yahAM rahakara utsava sampanna kreN| eka artha lobhI vaNika aura usake dUkAna ke lobha se niyata samaya taka nagara se bAhara nahIM nikala ske| nagara ke phATaka banda ho jAne se ve vahIM raha gaye aura rAjAjJA kA ullaMghana karane se daMDita hue| vyavahAra bhASya aura bRhatkalpa bhASya meM prAkRta kathAeM bahulatA meM upalabdha hai| ina bhASyoM ko adhikAMza kathAeM lokakathA aura upadezaprada nIti kathAeM hai) kuNAla', rAjA zAlivAhana prati kucha kathAeM avazya aitihAsika hai| kathAoM ko par3hane se aisA lagatA hai ki ina kathAoM meM aitihAsika sUtra surakSita hai| paThana kA rAjA zAlivAhana prAkRta sa hitya meM labdha-pratiSTha nAyaka hai| isakI zAsana vyavasthA, rAjya vistAra Adi kA nirdeza ina kathAoM meM mila jAtA hai| vyavahAra bhASya meM bhikhArI kA sapanA', choTe bar3e kAma kaise kara sakate haiM, kArya ho saccI upAsanA hai, prabhRti tathA bRhatkalpa bhASya meM akla bar3I yA bhaisa", binA vicAre kAma", mUrkha bar3A yA vidvAn, vaidyarAja yA yamarAja, zaMba, saccA bhakta, jamAI 1--ni0 cU0 uddezya 10, pR0 571 / 2--sUtra0 cU0 pR0 414-15 / 3--sUtra0 cuu0pr0441| 4--sUtra0 cU0 pR0452 / 5--bRha0 ka0 bhA0 pIThikA, pR0 88 / 6--bRha0 ka0 bhA0 uddezya 6, pR0 1647 / 7--vyava0bhA0 uddeza 3,pR0 8 / 8--vyava0 bhA0 uddeza 3, pR07| 8--vyava0 bhA0 uddeza 3, pR0 51 / 10--bRha0 ka0 bhA0 pI0, pR0 53 / 11--baha0 ka0 bhA0 pI0, pR0 56 / 12--bRha0 ka0 bhA0pI0, pR0 110 / 13--bRha0 ka0 bhA0 pI0, pR0 111 / 14--bRha0 ka0 bhA0 pI0, pR0 56-57 / 15--bRha0 ka bhA0 pI0, pR0 223 /

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24 parIkSA', baharoM kA saMvAda, rAnI celanA' zrAdi kathAeM varNita haiM / ye sabhI kathAeM bar3I manoraMjaka aura upadezaprada haiM / bhikhArI kA sapanA Aja bhI loka pracalita hai / "zekhacillI" ke sapane ke nAma se yaha loka kathA bhArata ke kone-kone meM vyApta haiN| batAyA gayA hai ki eka bAra koI bhUkhA bhikhArI kisI gozAlA meM gyaa| vahAM use bharapeTa dUdha pIne ko milaa| do cAra dina ke anantara vaha bhikhArI punaH usI gozAlA meM phuNcaa| abakI bAra use eka hAMr3I bharakara dUdha milaa| vaha usa hAMr3I ko lekara prasanna hotA huA ghara AyA / khATa ke nIce hAMr3I rakhakara vaha leTa gayA / leTe-leTe vaha socane lagA--" isa dUdha kA meM dahI jamAUMgA, dahI becakara murgI kharIdUMgA / murgI aMDe degI aura una aMDoM ko becakara meM bakarI kharIdUMgA / bakarI ke bacce hoMge aura unheM becakara maiM gAya kharIdUMgA / gAya bahuta bachar3e degI, ve bachar3e bar3e hone para baila ho jaayeNge| una bailoM ko becane para meM bahuta bar3A dhanI bana jaauuNgaa| pazcAt merA vivAha ho jAyagA, merI patnI merI zrAjJAnusAra kArya kregii| yadi kadAcit vaha kulamada ka kAraNa merI zrAjJA kA ullaMghana karegI, to meM use lAta se mArA karUMgA / " basa khATa para leTe-leTe bhikhArI ne Aveza meM zrAkara apanI patnI ko mArane ke lie lAta uThAyI, to vaha dUdha kI hAMr3I meM jAkara lagI aura hAMr3I kA saba dUdha jamIna para gira gayA / uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodha TIkA meM choTI-bar3I sabhI milakara lagabhaga eka sau paccIsa prAkRta kathAeM varNita haiM / isa TIkA ke racayitA vRhat gacchIya AcArya nemicandra haiM / inakA dUsarA nAma devendra gaNi hai / ( ina kathAoM meM romAMsa, paramparA pracalita manoraMjaka vRttAnta, jIva-jantu kathAeM, jaina sAdhunoM ke prAcAra kA mahatva pratipAdana karane vAlI kathAeM, nIti upadezAtmaka kathAeM evaM aisI kathAeM bhI gumphita haiM, jinameM kisI rAjakumArI kA bAnarI bana jAnA, kisI rAjakumAra kA hAthI dvArA jaMgala meM bhagAkara le jAnA, paMcAdhivAsitoM ke dvArA rAjA kA varaNa karanA Adi varNita haiM / kalpanA ke paMkhoM kA sahArA lekara kathA-lekhaka ne buddhi aura rAga ko prasArita karane kI pUrI ceSTA kI hai aura apane kathAnakoM ko pUrNatayA camatkArI banAyA hai / hAsya aura vyaMgya kI bhI kamI nahIM hai / ) | sukhabodha TIkA kI adhikAMza kathAnoM meM pAtroM ko cAritrika vizeSatAeM sAmane nahIM zrAta, mAtra ghaTanAeM aura vRttAntoM ke camatkAra hI AkarSita karate haiM / kathAnakoM meM upadeza, manoraMjana aura vaividhya pAThaka ke mana ko ulajhAye rakhane ke lie pUrNa sakSama haiM / kathAnaka saMkSipta aura vistRta donoM hI prakAra ke milate haiM / upamAnoM aura dRSTAnta kathAnoM meM ghaTanAoM ke kucha marmasthala ho upasthita hote haiM, para ye kathAnoM ke vikAsa aura vistAra kI pUrI jhalaka dikhalA dete haiM / kutUhala jagAne ke lie kathAoMoM ke prastAvanA bhAga kucha vistRta dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / ina kathAoM meM saMvAda tattva kI kamI hai / uttarAdhyayana ke dvitIya adhyayana kI TIkA meM kSudhA parISaha ke udAharaNa meM hasti mitra gRhastha' kI kathA, tRSA parISaha ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dhanamitra aura dhanazarmA kI kathA, zIta parISaha ke lie rAjagRha nivAsI cAra mitroM kI kathA, uSNa parISaha ke 1 - bRha0 ka0 bhA0 pI0, pR0 80 / 2 --- bRha0 ka0 bhA0 pI0, pR0 23 / 3- - bRha0 ka0 bhA0 pI0, pR0 57 / 4 -- dekheM haribhadrottara kAlIna kathAoM meM mahAvIra cariya ke racayitA kA paricaya / 5 -- sukhabodha TIkA gA0 3, pR0 18 / 6- su0 bo0 TI0 gA0 5, pR0 16 / 7- su0 bI0 TI0 gA0 7, pR0 20 //

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25 lie araha mitra kI kathA', daMzamazaka parISaha ke lie campA nagarI ke rAjA jitazatru ke putra zramaNabhadra ko kathA', arati parISaha ke lie aparAjita aura rAdhAcArya kI kathA', strI parISaha ke lie vararuci aura zakaTAla ko kathA, caryA parISaha ke lie kolladUra nagara ke prAcAryoM ko kathA', zayyA parISaha ke lie somadatta-somadeva kI kathA, Akroza parISaha ke lie arjuna mAlI kI kathA', vadha parISaha ke lie skandaka kI kathA', yAcanA parISaha ke lie dvArAvatI vinAza kathA', alAbha parISaha ke lie parAzara gRhapati ko kathA, roga parISaha ke lie kAlave siya kathA", tRNasparza parISaha ke lie zrAvastI nagara ke rAjA jitazatru ke putra bhadra kI kathA, mala parISaha ke lie sunanda ko kathA, satkAra-puraskAra parISaha ke lie indradatta purohita kI kathA", prajJA parISaha ke lie Arya kAlaka kI kathA", ajJAna parISaha ke lie gaMgA kinAre pravajita do bhAiyoM ko kathA evaM pradarzana parISaha ke lie ajjAsAr3hA nAmaka prAcArya kI kathA varNita hai| ye kathAeM itanI svataMtra hai ki inakA saMkalana pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai, eka kathA kA dUsarI kathA se koI sambandha nahIM hai| __ tRtIya adhyayana ko TIkA meM manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA dikhalAne ke lie collaga, pAsaga Adi vasa dRSTAnta diye gaye haiN| inameM brahma napati, cANakya aura mUladeva kI kathAeM prAyI haiN| zraddhA kI durlabhatA dikhalAne ke lie jamAlI kI kathA varNita hai| catartha adhyayana ke prArambha meM hI vaddhAvasthA kisI ko bhI nahIM chor3a sakatI hai, prANimAtra ko vArdhakya kA kaSTa uThAnA par3atA hai, kI siddhi ke lie aTTanomalla2 kI kathA aMkita hai| isI adhyayana meM pramAda tyAga evaM sajaga rahane ke lie agaDadatta kI romANTika kathA varNita hai| caturtha adhyayana ko TIkA meM hI zarIra prApta kara pratibuddha 1- su0 TI0 gA0 6 pR0 21 / 2--vahI, 11, pR0 22 / 3--vahI, 15.1025 / 4--vahI, 17, pR028 / 5--vahI, 16, pR0 32 / 6--vahI, 23, pR0 34 / 7--vahI, 35, pR0 35 / 8-~vahI, 27, pR0 36 / 6--vahI, 26, pR0 37 / 10--vahI, 31, pR045| 11--vahI,33, p047| 12--vahI, 35, pR0 57 / 13--vahI, 37, pR048 / 14.--vahI, 36, pR0 46 / 15--vahI, 41, pR0 50 / 16--su0 TI0 gA0 43, pR0 51 / . 17--su0 TI0 gA0 45, pR0 52 / 18--su0 TI0 a0 prA0 1, pR0 56-57 / 16--vhii| 20.-vahI,5 "6 / 21--su0 TI0, pR0 17 / 22--su0 TI0, pR078 / 23--vahI, pR0 84 /

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jIvi banane ke lie maNDita' cora kI kathA vaNita hai| navama adhyayana kI TIkA meM karakaNDu aura dvimukha nRpati ko kathAeM kalpanA aura rAga tatva ke sAtha bhUtakAlIna aitihAsika aura paurANika sUtroM ko bhI jor3atI hai| gaMgA kI utpatti kI kathA isa bAta kI dyotaka hai ki (prAkRta kathAkAroM ne vaidika paurANika AkhyAnoM ko apanAkara loka dharma ke sAtha apanA rucikara sambandha jor3A hai| yaha kathA bauddha sAhitya meM therI gAthA kI aTThakathA meM bhI rUpAntarita svarUpa meM milatI hai) (rAjImatI kI dRr3hatA prAkRta kathAsAhitya kA eka ujjvala ratna hai, strI jAti ke caritra kI aisI nirmalatA bahuta kama sthaloM para hI upalabdha hotI hai| ye sabhI kathAeM sArvabhaumika haiM tathA sAmpradAyikatA aura saMkucita / se dUra haiN| jana-kalyANa ke mUlatatva ina kathAoM meM pracura parimANa meM vartamAna haiN| citra aura sambhUta kI kathA, jo ki mUla rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana meM pAyI hai aura sukhabodha TIkA meM isakA vistAra huA hai, jAtivAda ke viruddha ghora pracAra kA samarthaka hai| prakRta kathAkAroM ne samAja ke pariSkAra aura utthAna ke lie jAtivAda para khUba prahAra kiye haiM) jAtivAda kA viSa bhAratavarSa meM vaidika yuga se hI vyApta thaa| pAli aura prAkRta sAhitya ne apane yuga kI isa samasyA ko sulajhAne kI pUrI ceSTA kI hai| jJAna, saundarya aura zIla ina tInoM rasAtmaka tatvoM kI abhivyaMjanA uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodha TIkA meM huI hai| namUne ke taura para sukhabodha TIkA kI mUladeva kathA ke saMkSipta vivecana dvArA usakI vizeSatAoM para saMkSipta prakAza DAlane ko ceSTA kI jAyagI, jisase sukhabodha TIkA ko kathAoM kI vizeSatAeM spaSTa dRSTigocara hoNgii|) (isa kathA kA prArambha itivRttAtmaka vivaraNa se huA hai| prathama anuccheda meM hI ghaTano aura paristhitiyoM kI jhalaka saMvedanazIlatA kA sphuraNa karatI hai| "tattha guliyApogeNa parAvattiyaveso vAmaNayAgAro vimhAvei vicitta kahAhi gaMdhavAi-kalAhiM nANAkougohi ya naayrjnnN'| yaha paMkti mAtra pIThikA kI zrRMgArasajjA hI nahIM karatI balki romAMcaka kutUhala kI sRSTi karatI hai / (samasta kathA gadya meM hai, bIca-bIca meM prarocana zilA ke vikAsa ke lie kathAkAra ne padyoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| kathAkAra ne isa kathA meM upacAravakratA kA prayoga bar3I kuzalatA se kiyA hai| devadattA kI mAM prora acala kA SaDyantra isa kathA meM upacAravaRtA hai| yadi yaha kapaTa yojanA isa kathA meM ghaTita nahIM kI jAtI, to kathA Age hI nahIM bddh'tii|| "kahasu eIe puro aliy-gaamNtr-gmnnN| pacchA maladeve paviTTha maNussa-sAmaggIe prAgacchajjaha vimANe jajaha yataM.jeNa vimANino saMto desa-ccAyaM kre| tA saMjattA cijjaha ahaM te vitaM daahaami| paDivannaM ca teNa / annammi diNe kayaM tahe va teNa" ina paMktiyoM dvArA kathAnaka meM vaha mor3a utpanna kI gayI hai, jisase kathA phala prApti kI ora agrasara hotI hai| yaha vRttAnta kathA ko sAmUhika yojanA aura usake samaSTi prabhAva ko utkarSonmakha banAtA hai| eka deza aura kAla kI paristhiti ke bhItara mAnava jIvana kI vibhinna sthitiyoM kA yA kA nirUpaNa karanA isa kathA kA sAdhya haiM hii| paristhiti yojanA aura ghaTanA krama kA mela bahuta sundara huA hai|) 1--sa0 TI0, p065| 2-- hI, pR0 133 / 3--vahI, pR0 133 / 4--vahI, pR0233 / 5--vahI, pR0 276-282 / 6--vahI, pR0 185-167 / 7----maladeva kathA anuccheda 1 / 8-- vhii,6|

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27 gha - - haribhadra pUrvayugIna svataMtra prAkRta kathAsAhitya ( 1 ) isa yugIna prAkRta kathA pravRttiyoM kA vivecana; kathAtmaka dAyitva ke naye mor3a evaM grahaNazIla caritra sRSTi kA utthApana Agama prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke uttara aura haribhadra ke pUrva prAkRta kathAsAhitya kI eka spaSTa dhArA dikhalAyI par3atI hai / yahAM hamArA abhiprAya usa prakAra ke prAkRta kathAsAhitya se haiM, jo haribhadra se pahale kathA yA carita ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai / ( samaya krama ke anusAra IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI se AThavIM zatI ke pahale kI racanAeM isa kAlakhaMDa ke antargata hu~ / sarvaprathama isa kAlakhaMDa kI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM aura sthApatya kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAyagA, tadanantara isakI pramukha kathA kRtiyoM kA vivecana / kisI bhI sAhitya kI vyavasthA kA kArya dAyitvoM kI pahacAna kA kArya 1 yaha affera jaba vizuddha kalAtmaka cetanA se prakaTa hotA hai, tabhI usa sAhitya rUpa kI prANapratiSThA saMbhava hai / (haribhadra ke pUrva kathAtmaka cetanA meM yaha dAyitva bAharI zaktiyoM aura preraNAoM se nirdhArita hotA rahA hU~ --jaise dharma, sAmAjika naitikatA, nItibodha aura nIti pravaNatA ke prathita mAnadaNDa / ) svayaM yaha dAyitva kathAkAra kI cetanA se ubharane kA Arambha haribhadra ke pUrva kI kathAoM se hone lagatA hai, bhale hI usa dAyitva ke nirvAha aura saMbhAra kI cetanA prArambhika pratIta ho aura usa cetanA kI svIkRti aura bodha ka AyAma svayaM usa yuga ke kathAkAroM ke samakSa kucha dhUmila se ho rahe hoM / parantu Aja ke taTastha darzana se aisA lagatA hai ki kathAtmaka dAyitva se usa yuga ke kathAkAroM kA prathama paricaya avazya huA / haribhadra ke pUrva kI kathAoM meM eka tathya, jo haThAt hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa karatA hai, vaha Terrariat afttra sRSTi kI sajagatA pahale kI kathAoM meM hama pAtra milate haiM, jo samAja ke vividha kSetroM aura rUpoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM -- unameM hameM caritra kA kathAtmaka utkarSa nahIM milatA / caritra - sRSTi ke lie apekSita saMtulita aura mAnavIya jIvana dRSTi haribhadra ke pUrvakAlIna kathAoM meM spaSTa nahIM hai / caritra- sRSTi ke liye vyApaka AdhAra - phalaka cAhiye, yaha haribhadra kI pUrva kI kathAkRtiyoM-- taraMgavatI, vasudevahiNDI aura pauma cariya meM parilakSita hotA hai / isa yuga meM taraMgavatI upanyAsa ka rUpavinyAsa kA prArambha isa tathya kA pramANa upasthita karatA hai ki tadyugIna kathAkAroM na avazya eka vyApaka AdhAra phalaka kI khoja kA prayAsa kiyA, usameM unako kisa hada taka saphalatA milI, yaha kahanA saMbhava nahIM, yataH isake pramANasvarUpa usa yuga kA jJAta eka mAtra aupanyAsika AkhyAna " taraMgavatI" bhI mUla rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai / upanyAsa caritra- sRSTi kA upayukta aura sArthaka mAdhyama banane meM sakSama haiM, kyoMki caritra-sRSTi ke liye Avazyaka saMghAta kA utthApana upanyAsa ke vistRta aura sahetuka AdhAra-phalaka para hI AsAnI se ho sakatA hai / caritra - sRSTi kI isa cetanA ko hama anivAryataH kathAtmaka dAyitva kI naI mor3a ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara sakate haiM / paumacariya meM rAmakathA ke saMdarbha meM caritroM kI pratiSThA kA prayatna, harivaMsa' - cariya meM kRSNakathA ke prasaMga meM caritroM kA vikAsa, vasudeva hiNDI meM loka kathAoM kI racanA dvArA caritroM ke grahaNa aura vikAsa kA kArya, kathAoM ke parivezoM kA vistAra, saMvAdoM ke naye rUpa, hAsya aura vyaMgya ke puTa, paristhitiyoM ke naye-naye saMyojana kathAtmaka dAyitva kI naI mor3oM kI hI sUcanA dete haiM / 1 - - vizeSa jAnane ke liye dekheM -muni jinavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita kathAkoSa prakaraNa kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 68 /

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28 ( prAkRta kathAsAhitya meM hI nahIM, apitu samasta jaina kathAvAGmaya meM Arambha meM saTha zalAkA puruSoM ke sAmUhika caritra, pazcAt ina zalAkA puruSoM meM se kisI eka mahApuruSa ke kathAsUtra ko avalambita kara aura phira usameM usake pUrvabhava ke vRttAntoM kI sUcaka kathAeM evaM vaM sI hI anya saMbaMdhoM kI sUcaka kathAeM jor3a-jor3akara, una una mahApuruSoM ke nAma ke svataMtra carita graMtha likhe gaye / paurANika zailI se bhinna AkhyAyikA paddhati para kisI eka loka prasiddha strI athavA puruSa kI jIvana ghaTanA ko kendra mAnakara, usake varNana ko kAvyamaya zailI meM zrRMgAra, karuNa Adi rasoM se alaMkRta karake anta meM vairAgya dikhalAne vAle kathAgrantha likhe gaye / kathA ke vistAra ko bar3hAne kI dRSTi se usameM mukhya nAyaka yA nAyikA ke sAtha aneka upanAyaka- upanAyikAoM ke kathAvarNana jor3e aura phira una sabake pUrva janma yA AgAmI janma kA paraspara saMbaMdha batAkara usa vyakti ke kiye gaye zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala kA pariNAma dikhAyA gayA / yadyapi AkhyAyikA zailI kA samyaka vikAsa haribhadra se hI hotA hai, to bhI taraMgavatI meM isa zailI ke sabhI guNa mila jAte haiM / isameM zrRMgArAdi vividha rasoM evaM kAvya camatkRti dyotaka nAnA prakAra ke alaMkAroM kA pUrA jamaghaTa hai / pUrvabhava kA ghaTanA jAla bhI janma-janmAntaroM kI aneka ghaTanAoM ko sameTe hue vartamAna hai / / dhArmika kathAoM meM romAnsavAdI kathAtmaka rUpa, vinyAsa kA puTa, paurANika aura ardha - aitihAsika prabandhoM kI racanA Adi ke pravartanoM kA zreya bhI dAyitva ke unhIM naye mor3oM ke antargata hai / arddha aitihAsikatA pratyeka sAhitya-vidyA meM caritroM ko vividhatA aura saMskAra yuktatA ke liye dharatI detI hai, kyoMki usameM sAmantoM, saMtoM, rAjakumAroM aura vyApAriyoM ke rUpa meM suthare caritroM ke rUpa sahaja meM mila jAte haiM / pahale kA rAstA chor3akara naye rAste para calane kI prakRti bhI dAyitva-cetanA kI mor3a kA AdhAra hai / vizuddha lokakathA grantha vasudevahiDI meM loka jIvana kA itanA sundara citraNa aura nirUpaNa huA hai ki usake saMkSipta kathAnaka uttarakAlIna AkhyAyikAoM ke liye AdhAra bana gaye haiM / prAkRta aura saMskRta kI aneka kathAoM ke mUlAdhAra vasude vahiNDI ke kathAnaka haiM / isa yuga meM kathAoM ke saMkalana kI pravRtti tathA lokakathAoM ko abhijAtya sAhitya kA rUpa dene kI paramparA bhI pracalita ho gayI thI / vasude vahiNDI meM (kalpanA kA vilakSaNa prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai / isameM ( adbhuta kanyAoM aura unake sAhasI premiyoM, rAjAoM aura nAgaroM, rAjatantra evaM SaDyantra, jAdU aura Tona, chala aura kapaTa, hatyA aura yuddha, yakSa aura preta, pazu-pakSiyoM kI satya aura gar3hI huI kathAeM, bhikhamaMge, juArI, AkheTa, vezyAeM aura kuTTiniyoM kI manoraMjaka kathAeM aMkita haiM, jo AgAmI kathAsAhitya ke lie bhI saikar3oM prakAra ke upAdAna prastuta karatI haiN| puruSa aura striyoM ke svabhAva vizleSaNa meM ina prAkRta kathAoM meM aneka tattva upalabdha haiM / jisa prakAra barasAtI nadiyoM kI maTamailI dhArAoM ke Upara cAroM ora kA khara-patavAra Akara bahane lagatA hai, usI prakAra vasudeva hiNDI meM samAja kI burAiyoM ko sameTa kara sAmane upasthita kiyA hai / (manovinodakAraka, bhayAnaka athavA prema-saMbaMdhI aneka dRzyoM ko prastuta karanA bhI isa yuga ke prAkRta kathAsAhitya kI eka upalabdhi hai / ) isa yuga ke prAkRta kathAsAhitya kI eka nayI upalabdhi hai manoraMjana -- vizuddha rUpa meM svIkArya manoraMjana | manoraMjana kathA kA guNa nahIM upalabdhi hai / naye dAyitva kA bodha agara isa yuga kI kathA kA guNa hai to manoraMjana isakI upalabdhi / ) vasude vahiNDI kI racanA manoraMjana ke lie eka sArthaka aura grahaNazIla AdhAra detI hai, jisase hama (kahIM bhI baiThakara ina kathAoM se apanA manoraMjana kara sakate haiM / lokakathAoM kI racanA hone ke kAraNa isa yuga kI kathAoM kI eka upalabdhi manoraMjana ke sAtha jJAnavarddhana aura

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upadezAtmaka bhI hai| lokakathAoM meM caritra, ghaTanA aura kathAnaka to milate hI haiM, para inakA pradhAna uddezya hotA hai loka-mAnasa kA raMjana karanA tathA loka saMskRti ko prakAza meM laanaa| sAmAjika citraNa se bhinna sAMskRtika samparka aura sAMskRtika mAnasa saMgaThana kI sthApanA kA prayatna bhI haribhadra pUrvayugIna loka kathAoM kI racanA kI eka pravRtti mAnI jAnI caahie|) svAbhAvika aura jIvanodbhUta ghaTanAkrama kA sanniveza kathA ko kahAnI banAtA hai| ghaTanAzUnya kathA nitAnta asaphala hai, yaha eka aisA vRttAnta hai, jisameM rocakatA nAma kI koI vastu hI nahIM hai| yataH ghaTanA se rocakatA aura kautUhala kI pratiSThA hotI hai tathA vAstavika kathA kA Arambha rocakatA aura kautUhala se hI sampanna hotA hai| AgAmika prAkRta kathAoM meM ghaTanA kA bAhara se AropaNa kiyA jAtA thA, para isa yuga kI kathAoM kA spaSTa saMketa mila jAtA hai ki ghaTanAe kathA ke bhItara se caritroM ko gati dene ke phalasvarUpa paidA hotI hai| pAtroM kI gatizIlatA--cAritrika mAna aura kAryatatparata kA ghaTanAkrama ke silasile meM pAyA jAnA paramAvazyaka hai / ghaTanAoM ke pIche kAraNatva kI pratiSThA dvArA vAstavika kathAnakoM ke nirmANa kI cetanA bhI isa yuga kI dena samajhanI cAhie, jo kathA meM sthApatya kI prANa pratiSThA kA kAraNa hai| vasudevahiNDI meM bhramaNa dvArA ghaTanAoM ke sanniveza aura unake vaividhya kI sUcanA milatI hai| ye samasta paristhitiyAM kathAtmaka dAyitva kI naI mor3oM kI sthApanA ke dharAtala para grAha ya haiN| ( sthApatya kI eka sthira aura suspaSTa dRSTi isa yuga kI eka bhinna pravRtti hai / pratyeka kathA ko kaI aMzoM meM vibhakta karanA sthApatya kI cetanA hai| vasudevahiNDI meM kathA kI utpatti, pIThikA, mukha, pratimukha, zarIra aura upasaMhAra kathA ko eka sImita aura nizcita vistAra dete haiM, jo anAvazyaka kathA ke sUtroM kI pralambavRtti ko niyantrita aura baddhakara kathA ko saMtulita rUpa meM vikasita hone kA avasara pradAna karate haiN| kathAvasta ko jaba nizcita sthApatya mila jAtA hai to usameM kayAtmaka pravattiyoM kI vividhatA AtI hai aura aneka prakAra kI kathAoM kA janma hotA hai| isa yuga kI arddha-aitihAsika kathAeM premAkhyAna, yuddha evaM sAhasika kathAeM sthApatya kI sughaTatA kI dena hai| kathAoM ke viSayoM kI vyApakatA aura vibhinnatA, mAnava prakRti kA paricaya, varNanasaundarya, bhASA tathA zailI kI saralatA Adi isa yuga kI kathA ke rUpa tatva hai| (2) isa yuga kI pramukha prAkRta kathAeM isa yuga kI pratinidhi racanAeM tIna haiM--pauma cariyaM, taraMgavatI aura vsudevhinnddii| harivaMsa cariya bhI carita kAvya rUpa eka kRti hai, para isa yugIna carita kAvya kA pratinidhitva pauma cariyaM ko hI diyA jA sakatA hai| yahAM ina tInoM pramukha kathA kRtiyoM kA vivecana karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| pauma cariyaM ( rAmakathA saMbaMdhI sabase purAtana prAkRta racanA pauma cariyaM hai / isake racayitA vimala ri hai|) inhoMne isa grantha ko prazasti meM apane ko nagendra vaMza dinakara, rAhusUri kA praziSya aura pUrvadhara kahA hai| mahAkavi ke vidyAvaMza ke paricaya se jJAta hotA hai ki rAhusUri ke ziSya kA nAma vijayasUri thA aura inhIM vijayasUri ke ziSya vimala sari the| kalpasUtra meM dI gayI tApasa vaMzAvalI meMbatAyA gayA hai ki Arya yas pasena ke kara ziSya

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the--Arya nAgala, Arya vomila, Arya jayanta aura Arya taaps| Arya nAgala se hI nagendra vaMza nikalA hogaa| pauma cariyaM kI prazasti meM inheM nAila kula kA vaMzaja kahA gayA hai| isa kRti ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM vivAda hai| grantha meM nimna gAthA racanAkAla para prakAza DAlane vAlI upalabdha hai :-- paMcava ya vAsasayA dusamAe tIsa varisa saMjutA / vIreM siddhimuvagae tau nibaddhaM imaM cariyaM // ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki isa carita kAvya kA racanAkAla vIra nirvANa saMvat 530 (vi0 saM0 60) batAyA gayA hai| DA0 harmana jaikobI, usakI bhASA aura racanA zailI para se anumAna karate hai ki yaha IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| DA. kItha ne likhA hai--"vimalasUri ne pauma cariyaM meM, jo saMbhavataH 300 I0 se prAcIna nahIM hai aura jo jaina mahArASTrI kA hamako vidita sabase purAnA mahAkAvya hai, hama una zabdoM kA khulA prayoga pAte haiM, jinako vyAkaraNa dezI zabda kahate haiN| isa kRti meM prayukta dInAra, graha-nakSatra Adi zabda bhI isa kRti kA tIsarI zatI se pUrva mAnane meM bAdhA upasthita karate hai| para hamArA apanA anumAna hai ki granya kI bhASA meM uttarakAlIna pratilipikAroM kI kRpA se kucha saMzodhana huA hai aura kucha prakSipta gAthAeM bhI A gayI hai| isI kAraNa isakI racanA ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM meM bhrama utpanna ho gayA hai| vAstava meM isakI racanAtithi vahI hai, jo grantha kI prazasti meM ullikhita hai| lagna, graha aura nakSatroM kA ullekha sUrya prajJapti aura jyotiSkaraNDaka meM bhI AtA vimalasUri kI eka anya kRti bhI batAyI gayI hai--"harivaMsa criyN"| jisa prakAra inhoMne rAmakathA para pauma cariyaM kI racanA kI hai usI prakAra kRSNa carita para harivaMsa cariyaM kI racanA kii| isa kRti meM kRSNAvatAra ke sAtha kRSNa se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle anya pANDavAdi paurANika AkhyAna bhI nibaddha kiye hai| pauma cariyaM kI saMkSipta kathAvastu vidyAdhara, rAkSasa aura vAnaravaMza kA paricaya dene ke anantara batAyA hai ki vijayArddha kI dakSiNa dizA meM rathanUpura nAma ke nagara meM indra nAma kA pratApI vidyAdhara rahatA thaa| isane laMkA ko jItakara apane rAjya meM milA liyaa| pAtAla laMkA ke rAjA ratnazrava kA vivAha kautuka maMgala nagara ke vyoma vindu kI choTI putrI ke kasI se huA thA, rAvaNa isI dampati kA putra thaa| isane bacapana meM hI bahurUpiNI vidyA siddha kI thI, jisase yaha apane zarIra ke aneka AkAra banA sakatA thaa| rAvaNa aura kumbhakaraNa adhipati indra aura prabhAvazAlI vidyAdhara vaizravaNa ko parAsta kara apanA rAjya 1- jainAcArya kI AtmAnanda zatAbdI smAraka "mahAkavi vimalasUri ane te manuM race laM," pR0 101 / 2--rAha naamaayriu--naailkulvNsnNdiyro| pa0 parva 118 gA0 117--118 / 3--10 parva 118 gA0 103 / 4--janasAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 91 / 5--DA0 e0 vI0 kItha, saM0 i0 pR0 44 /

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sthApita kara liyaa| kharadUSaNa rAvaNa kI bahana candranakhA kA haraNa kara le gayA, pIche rAvaNa ne apanI isa bahana kA vivAha kharadUSaNa ke sAtha kara diyA aura pAtAla laMkA kA rAjya bhI usI ko de diyaa| ___ vAnaravaMza ke prabhAvazAlI zAsaka bAli ne saMsAra se virakta hokara apane laghu bhAI sagrIva ko rAjya de digambara dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura kailAsa parvata para tapasyA karane lgaa| rAvaNa ko apane bala-pauruSa kA bar3A abhimAna thA, ataH vaha bAli para kruddha ho kailAsa parvata ko uThAne lgaa| isa parvata para bane hue jinAlaya surakSita raheM, isalie bAli ne apane aMgUThe ke jora se kailAsa parvata ko dabA diyA, jisase rAvaNa ko mahAna kaSTa huaa| anantara bAli ne rAvaNa ko chor3a diyA aura svayaM tapasyA kara nirvANa prApta kiyaa| ayodhyA meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke vaMza meM samayAnusAra aneka rAjA hue, sabane pravajyA grahaNa kara tapasyA kI aura mokSapada paayaa| isa vaMza ke rAjA raghu ko araNya nAmaka putra huA, isakI rAnI kA nAma pRthvImati thaa| isa dampati ko do putra hue-- anantaraya aura dshrth| rAjA araNya apane bar3e putra sahita saMsAra se virakta ho tapazcaraNa karane calA gayA tathA ayodhyA kA zAsanabhAra dazaratha ko milaa| eka dina dazaratha ko sabhA meM nArada RSi Aye, unhoMne kahA ki rAvaNa ne kisI nimitta jJAnI na liyA hai ki dazaratha-patra aura janaka-putrI ke nimitta se usakI matya hogii| ataH usane vibhISaNa ko Apa donoM ko mArane ke liye niyukta kara diyA hai, Apa sAvadhAna hokara kahIM chipa jaayeN| rAjA dazaratha apanI rakSA ke liye deza-dezAntara meM gaye aura mArga meM kaikayI se vivAha kiyaa| inakI tIna rAniyAM thI--aparAjitA, sumitrA aura kaikeyo| mahArAja dazaratha yuddha meM kuzalatA dikhalAne ke kAraNa ke kayI ko eka varadAna bhI dete haiN| kucha samaya pazcAt kauzalyA eka putra ko janma detI hai| usakA mukha padma jaisA sundara hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma padma yA rAma rakhA jAtA hai| sumitrA ko lakSmaNa aura ke keyI ko bharata aura zatrughna, ye do putra utpanna hue| eka bAra rAma janaka ko ardha-barbaroM ke AkramaNa se bacAte haiM, isI kAraNa janaka apanI aurasa putrI sItA kA saMbaMdha rAma ke sAtha taya karate haiN| janaka-putra bhAmaNDala ko, jise janma hote hI candragati vidyAdhara haraNa kara le gayA thA, yuvA hone para ajJAnatAvaza sItA se moha utpanna ho jAtA hai| candragati janaka se bhAmaNDala ke lie sItA kI yAcanA karatA hai| janaka asamaMjasa meM par3a jAte haiM aura sItA-svayaMvara meM dhanuSayajJa racate haiN| sItA ke sAtha rAma kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| dazaratha rAma ko rAjya dekara bharata sahita dIkSA dhAraNa karanA cAhate haiN| kaikeyI varadAnasvarUpa dazaratha se bharata ke rAjyAbhiSeka kI yAcanA karatI hai| dazaratha bharata ko rAjya dene ke liye taiyAra ho jAte haiN| bharata ke dvArA AnAkAnI karane para bhI rAma unheM svayaM samajhAkara rAjyAdhikArI banAte haiN| dazaratha pravajyA dhAraNa karate haiM aura rAma, lakSmaNa tathA sItA sahita vana cale jAte haiN| sItA haraNa ho jAne para rAma ne vAnaravaMzI vidyAdhara pavanaMjaya aura aMjano ke putra hanumAna evaM sugrIva se mitratA kii| rAma ne sugrIva ke zatru viTa-suprIva ko parAjita kara vAnara vaMzI sugrIva ko snehAdhIna kara liyA aura inhIM ke sAhAyya se lakSmaNa ne rAvaNa kA badha kiyaa| sItA ko sAtha lekara rAma lakSmaga ke sahita ayodhyA lauTa Ate haiN| ___ ayodhyA lauTane para kaikayI aura bharata dIkSA dhAraNa karate haiN| rAma svayaM rAjA na banakara lakSmaNa ko rAja-pATa dete haiN| kucha samaya pazcAt sItA garbhavatI hotI hai, parantu lokApavAda ke kAraNa rAma usakA nirvAsana karate haiN| puNDarIka pura kA rAjA

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32 sItA ko bhayAnaka aTavI se le jAkara apane yahAM bahana kI taraha rakhatA hai / yahAM para lavaNa aura aMkuza kA janma hotA hai / ve donoM deza vijaya ke pazcAt apanI mAtA ke duHkha kA badalA lene ke liye rAma para car3hAI karate haiM aura aMta meM pitA ke sAtha unakA premapUrvaka paricaya hotA hai / sItA kI agni parIkSA hotI hai / vaha virakta hokara tapasyA karane calI jAtI haiM aura strIliMga chedakara svarga prApta karatI hai / lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ho jAne para rAma zokAbhibhUta ho jAte haiM, kucha kAla ke bAda bodha prApta hone para digambara muni ho durddhara tapazcaraNa karate haiM aura anta meM nirvANa prApta karate haiM / isa caritaM kAvya ko kathA kI dRSTi se saphala dhArmika upanyAsa kahA jA sakatA hai / isakI AdhikArika kathA rAma kI haiM, AvAntara yA prAsaMgika kathAeM vAnara vaMza aura vidyAdhara vaMza ke AkhyAna rUpa meM AyI haiM / kathAnaka atyanta rocaka aura sundara haiM / kathA meM pravAha sarvatra milatA hai / isameM kathAMza kI apejJA varNana kama haiM / nagara, nadI, tAlAba, jinAlaya, parvata aura samudra Adi ke varNana rocaka aura hRdaya grAhaya rUpa meM vartamAna haiM / yatra-tatra caritra-citraNa kI dRSTi se isa kathAkRti ke sabhI pramukha pAtroM ke zIla kA udAtta rUpa upalabdha hotA hai / bAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM jina andhavizvAsoM aura UTapaTAMga bAtoM kA jamaghaTa thA, ve isameM bilkula nahIM haiM / rAvaNa dharmAtmA aura vratI puruSa haiM / usane nalakubera kI rAnI uparambhA ke prastAva kA durupayoga nahIM kiyA, kintu use isa jaghanya kRtya se bacAyA / sItA kI sundaratA para mohita hokara rAvaNa ne usakA apaharaNa kiyA, para sItA kI icchA ke viruddha usapara kabhI balAtkAra karane kI ceSTA nahIM kI / jaba mandodarI ne balapUrvaka sItA ke sAtha durAcAra karane kI salAha rAvaNa ko dI, usane uttara diyA "yaha saMbhava nahIM hai, merA vrata hai ki kisI bhI strI ke sAtha usakI icchA ke viruddha balAtkAra nahIM karUMgA / " vaha sItA ko lauTA denA cAhatA hai, kintu loga kAyara na samajha leM, isa bhaya se nahIM lauTAyA / usane mana meM nizcaya kiyA thA ki yuddha meM rAma aura lakSmaNa ko jItakara parama vaibhava ke sAtha sItA ko vApasa karUMgA, isase kIrti meM kalaMka nahIM lagegA aura yaza bhI ujjvala ho jAyagA / 'rAvaNa kI yaha vicAradhArA rAvaNa ke caritra ko udAtta bhUmi para le jAtI hai / vAstava meM vimalasUri ne apanI isa kRti meM rAvaNa ke caritra ko bahuta UMcA uThAyA hai / dazaratha rAma ke viyoga meM apane prANoM kA tyAga nahIM karate, balki nirbhaya vIra kI taraha dIkSA grahaNa kara tapazcaraNa karate haiM / kaikeyI IrSyAviza bharata ko rAjya nahIM dilAtI, kintu svAmi aura putra donoM ko dIkSA grahaNa karate hue dekhakara usako mAnasika pIr3A hotI hai / ataH vAtsalya bhAva se prerita ho apane putra ko gRhasthI meM bAMdha rakhanA cAhatI hai / phalataH bharata ke liye rAjya prApti kA varadAna mAMgatI hai / isa kathAkRti kI nimna vizeSatAeM ullekhanIya haiM: :--- (1) bAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI vikRtiyoM ko dUra kara yathArtha buddhivAda kI sthApanA / (2) rAkSasa aura vAnara Adi ko nRvaMzI mAnamA / meghavAhana ne laMkA tathA anya dvIpoM kI rakSA kI thI, ataH rakSA karane ke kAraNa usake vaMza kA nAma rAkSasa vaMza prasiddha huA / vidyAdhara rAjA amaraprabha ne apanI prAcIna paramparA ko jIvita rakhane ke liye mahaloM ke toraNoM aura dhvajAoM para vAnaroM kI AkRtiyAM .

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aMkita karAyoM tathA unheM rAjya cihna kI mAnyatA vI, ataH usakA vaMza vAnaravaMza khlaayaa| ye donoM vaMza daitya aura pazu nahIM the, balki mAnava jAti ke hI vaMza vizeSa the| (3) indra, soma, varuNa ityAdi deva nahIM the, balki vibhinna prAMtoM ke mAnava vaMzI sAmanta the| (4) udAtta caritroM kI sthApanA tathA caritroM meM svAbhAvikatA kA sanniveza / (5) kathArasa kI sRSTi ke lie avAntara aura upakathAoM kI yojnaa| (6) bhASA sarala, ojapUrNa aura pravAhamaya mahArASTrI hai| apabhraMza aura saMskRta kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai / (7) chanda, alaMkAra aura rasa kI yojanA bar3e kauzala ke sAtha kI gayI hai / (8) isameM mahAkAvya ke tatvoM kA yatheSTa samAveza hai| taraMgavatI kathA prAkRta kathAsAhitya meM taraMgavatI kathA kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| yadyapi Aja yaha kathAgrantha upalabdha nahIM hai, para yatra-tatra isake jo ullekha athavA taraMgalolA nAma kA jo saMkSipta rUpa upalabdha hai, usase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha eka dhArmika upanyAsa thaa| isako khyAti lokottara kathA ke rUpa meM atyadhika thii| nizItha cUNi meM nimna uddharaNa upalabdha hotA hai: "aNe gitthIhiM jA kaamkhaa| tattha loiyA NaravAhaNadattakahA louttariyA taraMgavatImagadhase NAdINi vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM isa granya kA bar3e gaurava ke sAtha ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jahavA nidivasA vAsavadattA taraMgavaiyAI / taha niddesagavasao loe maNu rakkhavAu ti // jinadAsa gaNi ne dazavakAlika cuNi meM dharmakathA ke rUpa meM taraMgavatI kA nirdeza kiyA hai-- __ "tattha loiesu jahA bhAraharAmAyaNAdisuvedigesujannakiriyAdIsu sAmaigasu taragaMvaigAsu dhammatthakAmasahiyAo kahAo khijjnti'|" adyotana sUri ne zleSAlaMkAra dvArA kuvalayamAlA meM batalAyA hai ki jisa prakAra parvata se gaMgA nadI pravAhita huI hai, usI prakAra cakravAka yugala se yukta sundara rAjahaMsoM ko Anandita karane vAlI taraMgavatI kathA pAdalipta sUri se nisTata huI hai| 1--saMkSipta taraMvagatI kI prastAvanA meM uddhRta pR0 7 / 2--vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1508 / 3--dasave yAliya cuNNi patra 109 / 4--cakkAya-juvala-suhayA rambhattaNa-rAyahaMsa-kaya harisA / jassa kula-pavvayasya va viyarai gaMgA taraMgavaI / ku0 pu0 3 gA0 20 / 3--22 eDu0

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isa kathAprantha kI prazaMsA vi0 saM0 1029 meM "pAiya lacchInAma mAlA" ke racayitA ghanapAla ne tilaka maMjarI meM aura vi0 saM0 1199 meM supAsanAha cariya ke racayitA lakSmaNa gaNi ne evaM prabhAvaka carita meM prabhAcandra sUri ne kI hai| taraMgavatI kathA kA dUsarA nAma taraMgalolA bhI rahA hai| taraMgavatI ke saMkSipta kartA ne micandra gaNi ne bhI saMkSipta taraMgavatI ke sAtha taraMgalolA nAma bhI diyA hai| isa kathAgrantha ke racayitA pAdalipta ri hai| inakA janmanAma nagendra thA, sAdhu hone para pAdalipta khlaaye| prabhAvaka carita meM batAyA gayA hai ki ayodhyA ke vijaya brahamarAjA ke rAjya meM yaha eka phUlazreSThi ke putra the| ATha varSa kI avasthA meM vidyAdharagaccha ke AcArya Arya nAgahastI se inhoMne dIkSA lI thii| dasaveM varSa meM ye paTTa para AsIna hue| ye mathurA meM rahate the| inakA samaya vi0 saM0 151--219 ke madhya meM hai| pAdalipta sUri gAthA saptazatI ke kartA sAtavAhana vaMzI rAjA hAla ke darabArI kavi the| bRhad kathA ke racayitA kavi guNADhya inake samakAlIna rahe hoNge| batAyA gayA hai ki muruNDa kA pAdalipta sUri ke Upara khUba sneha thaa| yaha muruNDa kaniSka rAjA kA eka sUbedAra thaa| ataH inakA samaya I0 94--162 ke madhya honA caahie| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya aura nizItha cUNi meM inakA ullekha Ane se bhI inakA samaya paryApta prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| pAdalipta suri ke saMbaMdha meM prabhAvaka carita aura prabandha koza ina donoM meM vistArapUrvaka ullekha vidhamAna hai| yaha nizcita hai ki inakA samaya vi0 saM0 kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI ke pahale hI hai| saMkSipta kathAvastu taraMgavatI ko kathAvastu ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-- (1) taraMgavatI kA AryikA ke rUpa meM rAjagRha meM Agamana / (2) AtmakathA ke rUpa meM apanI kathA ko kahanA tathA haMsamithuna ko dekhakara prema kI jAgrati kA honaa| (3) premI kI talAza meM saMlagna ho jAnA aura iSTa prApti hone para vivAhabandhana meM baMdha jaanaa| (4) virakti aura diikssaa| prathama bhAga meM batAyA gayA hai ki rAjagRha nagarI meM candana vAlA gaNinI kA saMgha AtA hai| isa saMgha meM suvratA nAma kI eka dhArmika ziSyA hai| isI suvratA kA dIkSA grahaNa karane se pahale kA nAma taraMgavatI hai| rAjagRha meM jisa upAzraya meM yaha saMgha ThaharA huA hai| usake nikaTa dhanapAla seTha kA bhavana hai| isa seTha kI zobhA 1--prasannagAmbhIrapathA rathAMgamitha nAzrayA / puNyA punAti gaMgeva yA taraMgavatI kathA // saMta0 prastA0, pR0 17 / 2--ko na jaNo harisijjai taraMgavai-vaiyaraM suNeUNa / iyare pabaMdha siMdhuvi pAviyA jIe mahurattaM // supA0 puvvabha0 50 gA0 9 / 3--sIsaM kaha vi na phuTeM jamasya pAlittayaM haraMtassa / / ___ jassa muhanijjharAo taraMgalolA naI bUDhA ||pr0 ca0 caturvi0 pra0 pR0 29 / 4--vizeSa ke liye dekheM--saMkSipta taraMgavatI kI prastAvanA, pR0 12--14 /

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35 nAma kI dharmAtmA patnI hai| eka dina AyikA suvratA bhikSAcaryA ke liye isI seTha ke ghara jAtI hai| zobhA isake anupama rUpa saunda jAtI hai| zobhA isake anapama rUpa saundarya ko dekhakara magdha ho jAtI hai aura usase dharmopadeza dene ko kahatI haiN| suvratA ahiMsA dharma kA upadeza detI hai tathA mAnava-jIvana meM naitika AcAra pAlana karane para jora detI hai| zobhA suvratA kI prakhara vANI se atyadhika prabhAvita hai| vaha usase pUchatI hai ki Apa triloka kA sArA saundarya lekara kyoM virakta huI? mere mana meM ApakA paricaya jAnane kI tIvra utkaMThA hai| dvitIya khaMDa meM vaha apanI kathA Arambha karatI hai| vaha kahatI hai ki vatsadeza meM kauzAmbI nAma kI nagarI meM udayana nAma kA rAjA apanI priyapatnI vAsavadattA ke sahita rAjya karatA thaa| isa nagarI meM RSabhadeva nAma kA eka nagara seTha thaa| isake ATha putra the| kanyA prApti ke liye isane yamunA se prArthanA kI, phalataH taraMgoM ke samAna caMcala aura sundara hone se usakA nAma taraMgavatI rakhA gyaa| yaha kanyA bar3I kuzAgra buddhi ko thii| gaNita, vAcana, lekhana, gAna, vINAvAdana, vanaspatizAstra, rasAyanazAstra, puSpacayana evaM vibhinna kalAoM meM usane thor3e hI samaya meM pravINatA prApta kara lii| eka dina zarada Rtu ke avasara para yaha apane abhibhAvakoM ke sAtha vana-bihAra ke lie gayI aura vahAM eka haMsa mithuna ko dekhakara ise pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho aayaa| aMgadeza meM campA nAma kI nagarI thii| isa nagarI meM gaMgA nadI ke kinAre eka cakavA cakavI rahate the| eka dina eka zikArI aayaa| usane jaMgalI hAthI ko mArane ke liye vANa calAyA, para vaha vANa bhUla se cakavA ko lgaa| cakavA kI mRtyu dekhakara cakavI bahuta dukhI huii| idhara usa zikArI ko cakave ke mara jAne se bahuta pazcAtApa huaa| usane lakar3iyAM ekatra kara usa cakavA kA dAha-saMskAra kiyaa| cakavI bhI premavaza usI citA kI agni meM jala gyii| usI cakavI kA jIva meM taraMgavatI ke rUpa meM utpanna huii| pUrvabhava ko isa ghaTanA ke smaraNa Ate hI usake hadaya meM prema kA bIja aMkurita ho gayA aura usake mAnasa meM apane priya se milane kI tIvra utkaMThA jAgrata ho gyii| eka kSaNa bhI use apane pUrvabhava ke priyatama ke binA yuga ke samAna pratIta hone lgaa| tRtIya khaMDa meM taraMgavatI dvArA priya kI prApti ke liye kiye gaye prayatnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usane sarvaprathama upavAsa Adi ke dvArA apanI AtmA ko prema kI udAtta bhUmi meM pahuMcAne kA adhikArI bnaayaa| pazcAt eka sundara citrapaTa banAyA, jisameM apane pUrvajanma kI ghaTanA ko aMkita kiyaa| isa citra ko apanI sakhI sArasikA ke hAtha nagara meM sabhI ora ghumavAyA, para pUrvajanma ke premI kA patA na lgaa| eka dina jaba nagara meM kAttikI pUrNimA kA mahotsava manAyA jA rahA thA, sArasikA usa citra ko lekara nagara kI caumuhAnI para gyii| sahasroM Ane-jAne vAle vyakti usa citra ko dekhakara apane mArga se Age bar3hane lage, kintu kisI ke mana meM koI bhI pratikriyA utpanna na huii| kucha samaya pazcAt dhanadeva seTha kA putra padmadeva apane mitroM sahita usI caurAhe para aayaa| usa citra ko dekhate hI usakA ha.daya prema-vibhora ho gayA aura use apane pUrvabhava kA smaraNa ho aayaa| usane apane mitra ke dvArA isa bAta kA patA lagAyA ki isa citra ko nagara seTha RSabha sena kI putrI taraMgavatI ne banAyA hai| use aba nizcaya ho gayA ki taraMgavatI usake pUrva janma kI patnI hai| ataH vaha taraMgavatI ke abhAva meM rugNa rahane lgaa| pitA ne usake svastha rakhane ke liye aneka upAya kiye, para ve saba vyartha siddha hue| ataH usane putra ke asvastha rahane ke kAraNa kA patA lgaayaa| taraMgavatI ke prati usake hRdaya meM prema kA AkarSaNa jAnakara usane taraMgavatI ke pitA RSabhasena se taraMgavatI kI yAcanA kI, kintu nagaraseTha ke liye yaha apamAna kI bAta

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36 thI ki usakI putrI kA vivAha kisI sAdhAraNa seTha ke lar3ake se sampanna ho| ataH usane spaSTa rUpa se inkAra kara diyA aura kahalavAyA ki vivAha sambandha samAnazIla guNa-vAle ke sAtha hI sampanna hotA hai| ataeva taraMgavatI kA vivAha padmadeva ke sAtha sampanna nahIM ho sakatA hai| RSabhasena dvArA inkAra karane se padmadeva kI avasthA aura kharAba hone lgii| prema kA unmAda uttarottara aura bar3hatA jAtA thA aura use becaina banA rahA thaa| taraMgavatI ko jaba apanI sakhI dvArA yaha samAcAra avagata huA to vaha bahuta cintita huI aura usane apane premI se milane kA nizcaya kiyA aura eka rAta ko vaha apane ghara ke sAre aizvarya aura vaibhava ko chor3akara cala par3I apane priya se milane ke liye| madhyarAtri meM vaha padmadeva se milI aura donoM ne nizcaya kiyA ki nagara chor3akara hamaloga bAhara caleM, tabhI zAntipUrvaka raha sakate hai| janma-janmAntara ke prema ko sArthaka banAne ke liye nagara tyAga ke atirikta anya koI upAya nahIM hai| phalataH ve donoM nagara se bAhara jaMgala kI ora cala pdd'e| calate-calate ve eka ghane jaMgala meM pahuMce, jahAM coroM kI bastiyAM thiiN| ve cora apane svAmI ke Adeza se kAtyAyanI devI ko prasanna karane ke liye narabali denA cAhate the| unakA vizvAsa thA ki narabali dene se kAlidevI prasanna ho jAyagI, jisase lUTa-pATa meM unheM khUba dhana prApta hogaa| coroM ne mArga meM Ate hue padmadeva ko pakar3a liyA aura bAMdhakara balidAna ke nimitta laaye| taraMgavatI ne isa nayI vipatti ko dekhakara vilApa karanA zurU kiyaa| usake karuNa krandana ke samakSa pASANa zilAeM bhI dravita ho jAtI thiiN| eka sahAyaka cora kA hRdaya pighala gayA aura usane kisI prakAra padmadeva ko bandhanamukta kara diyA evaM aTavI se bAhara nikAla diyaa| ve donoM aneka gAMva aura nagaroM meM ghUmate hue eka sundara nagarI meM phuNce| idhara taraMgavatI ke mAtA-pitA usake akasmAt ghara se cale jAne ke kAraNa bahuta duHkhI the| unhoMne taraMgavatI ko r3ha r3hane ke liye apane nijI vyaktiyoM ko cAroM ora bhejaa| kalmASa nAmaka naukara usI nagarI meM talAza karatA huA aayaa| vaha unheM kauzAmbI le gayA aura yahAM unakA vivAha sampanna ho gyaa| kathA ke antima khaMDa meM batAyA gayA hai ki ye donoM pati-patnI vasaMta Rtu meM eka samaya vana-vihAra ke liye gye| vahAM inheM eka muni ke darzana hue| muni ne apanI AtmakathA sunAyI, jisase unheM virakti huI aura ve donoM dIkSita ho gye| maiM vahI taraMgavatI huuN| yaha samasta kathA uttama puruSa meM varNita hai| isameM karuNa, zrRMgArAdi vibhinna rasoM, prema kI vividha paristhitiyoM, caritra kI UMcI-nIcI avasthAoM, vAha ya aura antaHsaMgharSa ke dvandvoM kA bahuta hI svAbhAvika aura vizada citraNa huA hai| isameM prema kA Arambha nArI kI ora se hotA hai| yaha prema vikAsa kI vizuddha bhAratIya paddhati hai| yadyapi prema kA AkarSaNa donoM meM hai, premI aura premikA donoM hI milane ke lie vyagra hai, para t| bhI vAstavika prayatna premikA kI ora se hI kiyA gayA hai| taraMgavatI tyAga, visarjana, sahiSNutA evaM niHsvArtha sevA Adi guNoM se pUrNa hai| usakA prema atyanta udAtta hai| apane premI meM usakI ekaniSThatA, niHsvArtha bhAva aura tanmayatA prazaMsya hai| manovijJAna ke prakAza meM isa prema kI paTabhUmi meM vizuddha vAsanAmUlaka rAga tattva hI dRSTigocara hogA, para ise nirAzArIrika prema nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / isameM mAnasika aura Atmika yoga bhI kama nahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Age jAkara isa prema kA udAttIkaraNa ho gayA hai aura rAga-virAga meM parivattita ho taraMgavatI jaisI premikA ko suvratA sAdhvI

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37 banA detA hai / IsvI san kI Arambhika zatAbdiyoM meM aise sundara upanyAsa kA likhA jAnA kama Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / isameM ghaTanAeM aisI varNita haiM, jinameM pAThaka apanA astitva bhUlakara lekhaka ke anubhava aura bhAvanAoM meM DUba jAtA hai / samasta ghaTanAeM eka hI kendra se sambaddha haiM / eka bhI aisA kathAnaka nahIM hai, jisakA kendra se saMbaMdha na ho / deza, kAla aura vAtAvaraNa kA citraNa bhI prabhAvAnviti meM pUrNa sahAyaka hai / saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa dhArmika upanyAsa kI kathAvastu pUrNatayA sugaThita haiM, zithilatA tanika bhI nahIM / zIla nirUpaNa kI dRSTi se itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki nAyaka-nAyikA ke zIla kA vikAsa eka nizcita dhArA meM huA hai / yadyapi pAtroM ke rAgoM aura manovegoM kA khulakara nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, unameM svacchanda gati aura saMkalpa zakti kI kamI nahIM haiM, phira bhI pAtroM meM vaiyaktikatA kI nyUnatA hai / nAyikA ke caritra-citraNa meM lekhaka ko paryApta saphalatA milI hai / lekhaka ne kRti kA nAmakaraNa bhI nAyikA ke nAma para hI kiyA hai / nAyaka kA caritra usa prakAra dabA huA hai, jisa prakAra pahAr3I zilA ke nIce madhura jalasrota / kRtikAra ne avarodhaka caTTAna ko tor3ane kI ceSTA nahIM kI hai / nAyaka ke kisI bhI guNa kA vikAsa nahIM dikhalAyI par3atA hai / meM tanAva aura saMgharSa kI sthiti bhI varttamAna hai / kathAnaka vasudevahiNDI vasudevahaMDI kA bhAratIya kathAsAhitya meM ho nahIM, balki vizva kathAsAhitya meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / jisa prakAra guNADhya ne paizAcI bhASA meM naravAhanadatta kI kathA likhI haiM, usI prakAra saMghadAsa gaNi ne prAkRta bhASA meM vasudeva ke bhramaNa vRttAnta ko likhakara vasudevahaMDI kI racanA kI hai / isa grantha ke do khaMDa haiM-- - prathama aura dvitIya / prathama khaMDa meM 29 lambhaka aura gyAraha hajAra zloka pramANa grantha vistAra hai / dvitIya khaMDa meM 71 lambhaka aura satraha hajAra zloka pramANa grantha vistAra hai / prathama khaMDa ke racayitA saMghadAsa gaNi aura dvitIya khaMDa ke racayitA dharmadAsa gaNi mAne jAte haiM / Avazyaka cUrNa meM vasudevahiNDI kA tIna bAra ullekha AyA hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki isa grantha kI racanA I0 600 ke pahale hI ho cukI haiM / dharmadAsa gaNi ne apanA kathAsUtra 29 lambhaka se Age nahIM calAyA hai, kintu 18veM lambhaka kI kathA priyaMgusundarI ke sAtha apane 71 lambhakoM ke saMdarbha ko jor3A hai aura isa prakAra saMghadAsa na e vasudevahiNDI ke peTa meM apane grantha ko bharA hai / ataeva dharmadAsa gaNi dvArA viracita aMza vasudeva kA madhyama khaMDa kahalAtA hai / tathya yaha hai ki saMghadAsa gaNikA 29 lambhakoM vAlA grantha alaga apane Apa meM paripUrNa thA, pazcAt dharmadAsa gaNi ne apanA grantha alaga banAyA aura bar3I kuzalatA se apane pUrvavarttI grantha ko eka khUMTI para TAMga diyA / vasudevahiNDI meM kathotpatti prakaraNa ke anantara 50 pRSThoM kA eka mahatvapUrNa prakaraNa upalabdha hai / isa dhammilahiMDI prakaraNa meM * sArthavAha putra kI kathA hai, jisane deza-dezAntaroM meM bhramaNa kara 32 mUla grantha meM yaha dhammila carita kahA gayA hai / dhammila zabda kI vyutpatti meM batAyA gayA hai ki kusargapura meM jitazatru rAjA apanI rAnI dhAriNI devI sahita rAjya karatA isa nagarI meM indra ke samAna vaibhavazAlI surendradatta nAma kA sArthavAha apanI patnI thaa| dhammilahaDI nAma kA dhammila nAmaka kisI vivAha kiye the /

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3= subhadrA sahita sukhapUrvaka nivAsa karatA thA / isake garbha ke samaya use dohada utpanna huA -- "kamaNa ya se dohale jAto -- savvabhUte su aNukappamANeNaM dhammiyajaNeNa vacchallayA atoryepayA bahutaro ya dANa pasaMgo / "" ataeva spaSTa hai ki isakI mAtA ko dharmAcaraNa ke viSaya meM dohada utpanna huA thA, isI kAraNa putra kA nAma dhammila rakhA gayA / dhammilahiNDI kA vAtAvaraNa sArthavAhoM ke saMsAra se liyA gayA hai / ise apane Apa meM svataMtra racanA mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisake kathA mUla kA kendra naravAhanadatta yA vasudeva kI taraha kaI vivAhoM kI kathA para hI Azrita hai / dhammilahiNDI meM kaI kathAeM bahuta sundara haiM / zIlamatI, dhanazrI, vimalasenA, grAmINa gAr3IvAna, vasudattAkhyAna, ripudamana, narapati Adi AkhyAna bahuta hI sundara lokakathAnaka haiM, inameM lokakathAoM ke sabhI guNa aura tatva vidyamAna haiM / anta meM dhammila ke sunandabhava aura sarahabhava ke AkhyAna bhI sammilita haiM / isameM dhanavanta sArthavAha ke putra dhanavasu ke viSaya meM ullekha hai ki usane jahAja lekara yavana deza kI vyApArika yAtrA kI thI aura apane sAtha bahuta sAyaMtrika vyApAriyoM ko le gayA thA / isase spaSTa haiM ki dhammilahiMDI meM sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa ullekha vartamAna hai / 2 vasudevahiNDI meM dhammilahiNDI ke atirikta chaH vibhAga haiM--kathotpatti, pIThikA, mukha, pratimukha, zarIra aura upasaMhAra / kathotpatti, pIThikA aura mukha meM kathA kA prastAva huA hai / pratimukha meM vasudeva ne apanI AtmakathA prArambha kI haiM / zarIra ke antargata kathA kA vistAra hai, isameM vasudeva kA bhramaNa aura unake sau vivAhoM kA varNana hai / upasaMhAra kathA kI samApti kI gayI hai / vasudeva kI AtmakathA kA Arambha karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki satyabhAmA ko putra subhAna ke liye 108 kanyAeM ekatra kI gayIM, kintu unakA vivAha rukmiNI ke putra sAmba se kara diyA gayA / isa para pradyumna ne vasudeva se kahA -- " dekhiye, sAmba ne antaHpura meM baiThe-baiThe 108 badhueM pA loM, jabaki Apa sau varSa taka unake lie ghUmate phira / " isake uttara meM vasudeva kahA -- " sAmba to kueM kA meDhaka haiM, jo saralatA se prApta bhoga se saMtuSTa ho gayA / maine to paryaTana karate hue aneka sukha aura duHkhoM kA anubhava kiyA / maiM mAnatA hUM ki dUsare kisI puruSa ke sAtha meM isa taraha kA utAracar3hAva na AyA hogA / "ajjaya ! tubbhe (hi) vAsasyaM paribhamaMta hi amhaM ajjiyAo laddhAo / passaha saMbassa paribhoge subhANussa piMDiyAo kaNNAzro tAo saMbassa uvaTTiyAo / vasudeveNa bhaNio pajjuNe -- saMbo kUba dadda ro iva suhAgayabhoga saMtuTTho / 'mayA puNa paribbhamaMta'Na jANi suhANi dukkhANi vA aNubhUyANi tANi aNNeNa puriseoNa dukkara hojja' ti citemi / " " isa kathA meM nimna vizeSatAeM haiM: --- (1) loka kathA ke samasta tattvoM kI sundara vivecanA hai / (2) manoraMjana ke pUre tattva vidyamAna haiM / (3) adbhuta kanyAoM aura unake sAhasI premiyoM, rAjAoM aura sArthavAhoM ke SaDyaMtra, rAjataMtra, chala-kapaTa- hAsya aura yuddhoM, pizAcoM evaM pazu-pakSiyoM kI gar3hI huI kathAoM kA aisA sundara kathA - jAla haiM ki pAThaka manoraMjana, kutUhala aura jJAnavarddhana ke sAtha samyak bodha bhI prApta kara sakatA hai / 1--va0 hiM0 pR0 20 prathamakhaMDa - - prathama aMza / 2--va0 hi0 pR0 65 prathamakhaMDa -- prathama aMza / 3 - vasu0 puDimuhaM pR0 110 /

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36 (4) sarala aura akRtrima rUpa meM AkarSaka aura sundara zailI dvArA kathAoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / (5) prema ke svastha citra bhI upalabdha hai| (6) kathA meM rasa banAye rakhane ke lie parimita aura saMtulita zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| (7) dharma kathA hone para bhI isameM cora, viTa, vezyA, dhUrta, kapaTI, Thaga, lucce aura badamAzoM ke caritra-citraNa meM lekhaka ko adbhuta saphalatA milI hai / (8) ina kathAoM kA prabhAva mana para bar3A gaharA par3atA hai / (9) taraMgita zailI meM kRtaghna kautroM ko kathA, vasanta tilakA gaNikA kI kathA, agaDadatta ke aTavI gamana kI kathA, ripudamana narapati kI kathA, svacchaMda carita vAlI vasudattA kI kathA evaM vimalasenA kI kathA, prabhRti kathAeM likhI gayI hai| isa kRti meM laghu kathAeM bRhatkathAoM ke saMpuTa meM kaTahala ke koyoM kI taraha sannibaddha haiN| (10) lokakathAoM ko aneka kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| (11) kathAnoM ke madhya meM dharmatattva namaka kI usa cuTako ke samAna hai, jo sAre bhojana ko svAdiSTa aura sukhakara banAtA hai|

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. 40 Ga--haribhadra yugIna prAkRta kathA-sAhitya haribhadra yugIna prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke vistRta dharAtala aura cetanA kSetra ko lakSya kara hama ise pUrva kI calI pAtI sabhI kathAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA "saMghAtayuga" kaha sakate haiN| pravRttiyoM ke saMghAta ke avasara arthAt kAla aura unake sammilana bindu kI apanI vizeSatAeM hotI hai / saMghAta kA kArya nitAntataH vyavasthA kA kArya hai / isa vyavasthA ke sAphalya para hI usa "saMghAta" kI koTi nirbhara karatI hai / eka aisI vyavasthA yA AdhAra, jisa para saMghAta kI aneka koTiyAM bana sake, kathAsAhitya ke lie adhika upAdeya aura saMgata mAnI jAnI cAhie, yataH unameM vargIkaraNa aura asampRkta-pRthaka-pRthaka sAmAnya dhArAoM ke nirUpaNa kI suvidhA raha sakatI hai| isa artha meM kisI bhI sAhityika vidhA kI pravRttiyoM kA saMghAta rAsAyanika yA dravyamUlaka saMghAta se bhinna hotA hai / rAsAyanika saMghAta meM do tattva milakara sarvathA eka naye tatva kA nirmANa kara dete haiM, jo prakRti, kArya aura dvandva meM apane pUrva rUpa se bhinna par3a jAtA hai / pravRttiyoM kA saMghAta aisA nahIM hotA / saMghAta meM rahane vAlI pratyeka pravRtti, jo eka tatva, dhArA yA sattA hai, apanA svataMtra astitva rakhatI hai aura usa nayI udbhAvanA meM apanA aisA aMza rakhatI hai, jo usa saMghAta kA pratiphala hai| pravRttiyoM ke saMghAta ko hama udbhAvanA ke lie Avazyaka zarta mAna sakate hai| pravRttiyAM ikaTThI hokara jaba milatI hai, tabhI nayI udbhAvanAeM hotI haiN| ina udbhAvanAtroM kI maulikatA aura navInatA kAvya yA sAhitya ke lie naye rasabodha kI dharatI taiyAra karatI hai nayI daSTi kA nirmANa karatI hai aura kisI vizeSa vidhA kI sajana prakriyA aura AdhAra phalaka meM naye mor3a aura cunAva kI saMbhAvanAoM ko dRr3ha karatI haiN| uparyukta samasta kathana haribhadrakAlIna kathA sAhitya kI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM ke lie satya hai / isa yugIna kathAsAhitya ke sAtha jina dRr3ha saMbhAvanAoM kA vikAsa hotA hai, be eka prakAra se apane saMbhAra aura saMgaThana meM eka nizcita kathAdhAraNA ko vyakta karatI hai| kathA ke saMbaMdha meM eka svataMtra dhAraNA kA bananA isa yuga ke vikAsa kI nayI paramparA hai / haribhadra yugIna kathAsAhitya kI uparyukta dhAraNA meM hai--vastu aura zilpa kA samanvaya / viSaya yA kathAnaka, zilpa aura bhASA kA ekAna samanvaya-bodha isa yuga ke kathAkAroM ke sugaThita aura pragalbha vyaktitva kA paricAyaka hai| apanA aisA pragalbha aura sugaThita vyaktitva lekara isa yaga meM do kathAkAra avatarita hote haiM--haribhadra aura kautuhala / kAlavistAra kI dRSTi se 8vIM-9vIM zatI meM phailA yaha kathAsAhitya prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se usakA svarNayuga hai aura isakI sabase bar3I ghaTanA hai vastu-kanTeMTa aura rUpa yA zilpa--phaoNrma aura sTAila kA ekAnvayana / yaha ekAnvayana isake pUrva saMbhava nahIM ho sakA thaa| (zilpa isa yuga se pahale kI kathAoM meM bAhara se Aropita thA, para aba dUdha aura pAnI ke samAna paraspara tAdAtmya bhAva ko prApta ho gayA thA / ise hama isa yuga kI kathA cetanA kA sabase mahatvapUrNa vikAsa mAna sakate haiM, jo haribhadra ke anantara prAkRta kathAoM meM barAbara calatA rahA / (vastu ke anusAra zilpagaThana haribhadra ko hI dena hai, isa svIkRta satya kA kathAsAhitya ke aitihAsika nirUpaNa meM dhyAna rakhanA hai / sarvaprathama hama kathAnaka kI vyavasthA aura usakI vividhatA ko leN| kathAnaka kI vividhatA zilpagata vividhatA ko janma detI hai aura isase zilpa aura vastu ke samanvita prayogoM ko aneka dizAeM milatI haiM / (kathA-sAhitya kA jitanA vyavasthAmUlaka prayoga haribhadra ke yuga meM huA, utanA anya yuga meM nahIM / ) isa prayoga ke calate isa yuga meM praur3ha dhArmika aura premAkhyAnaka upanyAsoM kA vikAsa huA / isI yojanA ke anya vikAsa krama meM hAsya aura vyaMgyazailI ke kathAnakoM kA bhI zrIgaNeza huA / kathAnakoM ke tIsare vikAsakrama meM janma-janmAntara ke kathAjAla kA gumphana aura janma-janmAntara ke saMskAroM

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41 kI siddhi tathA puNya-pApa ke phaloM kA nirUpaNa pUrvayuga kI apekSA nayo zailI meM kiyA gayA / kathA aura AkhyAyikA kI do pUrva zailiyoM ke AdhAra para likhI gayI rasabaddha kathAeM, zRMgAra, karuNa, vIbhatsa, vIra aura zAntarasa kA vizleSaNa prastuta karane vAlI kathAeM; krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha Adi vikAroM ke duSpariNAma ko vyakta karane vAlI praur3ha zailI ko rocaka kathAeM purANoM ko asaMbhava aura mithyA mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlI tarkapUrNa dRSTAnta kathAeM; vistRta varNana aura saMvAda pradhAna kathAeM ; alaukika aura adbhuta ghaTanAoM para AdhArita kathAeM; vAkkauzala, praznottara, uttara-pratyuttara, prahelikA, gIta, pragIta, cacarI, gAthA Adi vibhinna zailiyoM para nibaddha kathAeM haribhadra yagIna kathA sAhitya kI vistRta vyavasthAmUlaka kathA-yojanA ke vividha vinyAsa hai| kathAnakoM kA vistAra aura vaividhya, caritrAMkana kI prAdarzamUlaka dRSTi, karma ke trikAla-bAdhita niyama ko sarvavyApakatA aura sarvAnumayatA kI siddhi pradarzita karane vAlI dhArmika aura upayogitA-vAdI dRSTi evaM prasaMgavaza kathAoM meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika rIti-rivAja, prAcAra-vyavahAra, jana-svabhAva, rAjataMtra, Arthika aura sAmAjika samasyAoM kA nirUpaNa tathA vizleSaNa karane vAlI dRSTi bhI pUrNatayA vartamAna hai, jo isakI saMghAta upasthita karane vAlI ekAgratA aura sajagatA kI paricAyikA hai / ) (kathAnakoM kI vividhatA evaM dRSTi sampRktA ke sAtha zilpa aura rUpa ko vividhatA tathA prayoga isa yuga kI dUsarI bar3I pravRtti hai / yaha pravRtti isalie navIna hai ki kathAvastu ke sAtha eka abhUtapUrva saMgati ke rUpa meM AyI hai / taraMgavatI kathA ke pazcAt jo pravRtti lupta ho gaI thI, vaha punaH prakaTa hone lagI hai / mUla kathA ke sAtha avAntara aura kA kalAtmaka saMzleSa isa yaga kI pahalI cetanA hai| AdhikArika aura prAsaMgika kathAoM meM aMga-aMgIbhAva kA rahanA isa yuga kI cetanA kA hI phala hai |(muul kathA ko prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie hI avAntara yA upakathAoM kA jAla ghaTita kiyA gayA hai / (kathA yA AkhyAyikAoM meM dharmakathA aura prabandhakAvya ke guNoM kA samAveza isa zilpa ko dUsarI vizeSatA hai (AkhyAna kAvyoM kI kathA ke bhItara kathA aura usake bhItara upakathA aura sthApatya kI zailI kA ujjvalatama nidarzana hai / ) yaha isa yuga kI tIsarI zilpagata pravatti hai| isa sthApatya cetanA meM ghaTanAmoM kI nizcita zrRMkhalA, byorevAra varNana, ghaTanAoM kI upacAra vakratA, paryAyavakratA prAdi pravRttiyAM zAmila haiN| kathA prasaMgoM meM Avazyaka saMgati banAye rakhanA, asaMbhava yA daivI bAtoM ko bhI saMbhava yA laukika rUpa meM rakhanA, kathAnaka yA ghaTanAoM kI saMghaTanA meM sajIvatA aura svAbhAvikatA banAye rakhanA isa yuga ke kathAkAroM kA yugadharma rahA hai / (zilpa ke sAtha kathAtmaka zailI ko duharI cetanA kA vikAsa bhI isa yuga kI eka sAmAnya pravRtti hai| ina vibhinna zailiyoM meM aneka rUpa aura saMskRta ke dazakumAra, kAdambarI aura vAsavadattA ina tInoM granthoM kI zailiyoM aura zilpa pravRttiyoM kA pariSkRta rUpa isa yuga ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya meM vartamAna hai ) alaMkRta bhASA zailI, zleSamaya samasyanta padAvalI, prasaMgAnukUla aura karkaza zabdoM kA vyavahAra, dIrghakAya vAkya evaM anUThI kalpanA isa yuga kI eka pravRtti rahI hai / (isa yuga kI sarvapramukha vizeSatA aura pravRtti hai-kathA ko niSThA kA vikAsa niSThA kA artha hai kathAsAhitya ko eka pUrNa, samartha sAhityika vidhA mAnakara usakI vyavasthA ko cetanA / isa niSThA kA pahalA rUpa hai vyaMgya aura hAsya ko sUkSmatA kA samAhAra tathA pAlocanAtmaka dRSTi kA samanvaya / vyaMgya aura hAsya meM dhArmika upayogitAvAda se bhinna eka vizuddha kalAtmaka upayogitAvAda kI sthApanA, usakI pratyakSa upalabdhiyAM aura manoraMjana ke sAtha dharma tattva kI prApti Adi sammilita hai|)

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42 niSThA kA dUsarA rUpa hai kathAoM ke vargIkaraNa dharmakathA, kAmakathA, arthakathA, khaMDakathA, parikathA, sakalakathA evaM mizrakathAoM ke nAma, lakSaNa aura prayoga tathA kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA bahula prayoga aura lokakathAoM kA abhijAtya kathAoM ke rUpa meM parivartana / kathA ke sabhI pramukha tattvoM--kautUhalAdi kA sanniveza isa yuga kI eka anya kathAcetanA hai / kathA, caritra aura uddezya ko anviti isI niSThA kA pariNAma hai, jo isa yuga ke kathAkAroM kI svAbhAvika sajagatA se niSpanna hai / kathAoM meM paryApta saphalatA ke sAtha sthAnIya raMga (lokala kalariMga) aura citra-grAhiNI pratibhA kA yoga isa niSThA kA dUsarA pariNAma hai / jahAM sAhitya ke sAmAjika dAyitva kA maulika prazna pahale-pahala maulika rUpa meM upasthita hotA hai / samAja ke vividha aMgoM ko lekara kathAnakoM meM vaividhya kA nirmANa aura usa vividhatA dvArA kathA kI paTabhUmi bunane kA kArya--isa niSThA kI yojanA kA eka mAnadaMDa hai / kathA ke sAtha samasyA ko upasthita karanA, isa yuga kI eka niSThAgata pravRtti rahI haiM, jisase isa yuga kI kathAoM kA upayogitAvAda rasagrahaNa karatA hai / jIvana saMskAra kI bAta kahanA hI upadeza kI zailI meM ina kathAoM kI samasyAmUlakatA hai / kathAsAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM ke sammizraNa dvArA isa niSThA kA antima rUpa banatA hai, jahAM pahuMca kara yaha niSThA apanI yugIna pUrNatA ko prApta karatI hai / isa yuga kA zreSTha kathAkAra haribhadra hai / inakI phuTakara prAkRta kathAoM ke atirikta samarAicca kahA aura dhUrtAkhyAna ye do vizAlakAya kathAgraMtha upalabdha hai / ataeva sarvaprathama haribhadra ke samaya, jIvana-paricaya aura racanAoM ke saMbaMdha meM saMkSipta prakAza DAlanA prAvazyaka hai| haribhadra kA samaya daMDI, subandhu aura bANa bhaTTa kI praur3ha saMskRta gadya zailI ko prAkRta bhASA meM abhinava kalAtmaka rUpa pradAna karane vAle dArzanika, kathAkAra aura vyAkhyAkAra ke sa pa.kta vyaktitva ke puMjIbhUta haribhadra ke samaya kI sImA nirdhArita karane ke pahale hameM yaha vicAra kara lenA hai ki jaina-sAhitya paramparA meM haribhadra nAma ke kitane vyakti hue haiM aura unameM se samarAiccakahA tathA dhUrtAkhyAna ke racayitA kauna se haribhadra hai ? IsvI san ko caudahavIM zatAbdI taka ke upalabdha jaina-sAhitya meM haribhadra nAma ke pATha AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai| inameM samarAicca kahA aura dhUrtAkhyAna prabhRti prAkRta kathA graMthoM ke racayitA prAcArya haribhadra sabase prAcIna haiM / ye haribhadra "bhavavirahasUri" aura "virahAMkakavi" ina do vizeSaNoM se prakhyAta the / inhoMne apanI adhikAMza racanAoM meM "bhavaviraha" sAmAsika pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| kuvalayamAlA' ke racayitA udyotanasUri (700 zaka) ne inheM apanA pramANa aura nyAya par3hAne vAlA guru kahA hai / upamitabhava prapaMcakathA ke racayitA siddhaSi (606 I0) ne "dharmabodhakaroguruH" rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| muni jinavijaya jI ne apane prabandha meM likhA hai--"etatkathanamavalambya va rAjazekharaNa prabandhakoSa, manisundareNa upadezaratnAkara, ratnazekhareNa ca zrAddhapratikramaNasUtravRttI, siddharSi 1--anekAnta jayapatAkA bhAga 2 bhUmikA, pR0 30 / / 2-jo icchai bhava-virahaM bhavavirahaM ko Na vaMdae suyaNo / samaya-saya-sattha-guruNo samaramiyaMkA kahA jassa ||--ku0a0 6 pR0 4

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haribhadra ziSyatvena vaNitaH / evaM paDIvAlagagacchIyAyAma kasyAM prAkRtapaddhAvalyAmapi siddhaSiharibhadrayoH samasa-yattitvalikhitaM samupalabhyate" / isase spaSTa hai ki bhavaviraha haribhadra bahuta prasiddha hai| inhoMne svayaM apane Apako "yAkinI mahattarA kA putra jinamatAnusArI jinadattAcArya kA ziSyazvetAmbarAcArya kahA hai / haribhadra ke samaya ke saMbaMdha meM nimna cAra mAnyatAeM prasiddha haiM :-- (1) paramparA prApta mAnyatA--isake anusAra haribhadra kA svargArohaNa kAla vi0 saM0 585 arthAt I0 san 527 mAnA jAtA rahA hai / (2) munijinavijaya jI kI- mAnyatA-antaH aura bAhya pramANoM ke AdhAra para inhoMne I0 san 700--770 taka prAcArya haribhadra kA kAla nirNaya kiyA hai / / (3) pro0 ke0 vI0 pAbhyaMkara kI mAnyatA---isa mAnyatA meM prAcArya haribhadra kA samaya vi0 saM0 800--650 taka mAnA hai / (4) paM0 mahendrakumAra jI kI mAnyatA--isa mAnyatA meM AcArya haribhadra kA samaya I0 san 720 se 810 taka mAnA gayA hai| mani jinavijaya jI ne AcArya haribhadra ke dvArA ullikhita AcAryoM ko nAmAvalI dI hai / isa nAmAvalI meM samaya kI dRSTi se pramukha hai--dharmakItti (600 --650) dharmapAla (635 IsvI), vAkyapadIya ke racayitA bhata hari (600-.-650), kumArila (I0 620 se lagabhaga 700 taka), zubhagupta (640---700) aura zAMtarakSita (I0705 se 732) / haribhadra ke dvArA ullikhita ina prAcAryoM ko nAmAvalI se yahI jJAta hotA hai ki haribhadra kA samaya I0 san 700 ke bAda honA cAhie / haribhadra ke pUrva samaya kI sImA I0 san 700 ke AsapAsa hai / ataH vi0 saM0 585 haribhadra ke samaya kI pUrva sImA nahIM ho sakatI hai / vicArasAra prakaraNa meM AyI huI "paMcasae paNasIe" gAthA kA artha eca0 e0 zAha ne batAyA hai ki yahAM vikrama saMvat ke sthAna para gupta saMvat kA grahaNa honA cAhie / gupta saMvat 585 zaka saM0 707, vi0 saM0, 843 aura IsvI san 785 meM par3atA hai / jinasena ke harivaMza ke anusAra gupta saMvat vIra nirmANa saM0 727, zaka saM0 122, vi0 saM0 257 aura I0 san 200 meM prAraMbha huA / aisA mAnane para prAcArya haribhadra kA svargArohaNa kAla I0 saM0 785 pAtA hai / ___ yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra vIra nirvANa ke 461 varSa vyatIta hone para zaka narendra (vikramAditya) utpanna huaa| isa vaMza ke rAjyakAla kA pramANa 242 varSa hai 1--haribhadrAcAryasya samaya nirNayaH pR07 / 2-- prAva0 sUtraTIkA prazasti / 3--(ka) paMcasae paNasIe vikkama kAlAU jhatti atthamigro / haribhadra sUrisUro bhaviyANa disaU kallANaM / / sesatuMga-vicArazreNi (kha) paMcasae paNasIe vikkamabhUpAla jhatti atthamitro / haribhadra sUrisUro dhammaro deu mukkhasuhaM |-prdyumn vicA0gA0 532 / 4-.-haribhadrasya samayanirNayaH pR0 17 / 5--vizavizikA kI prastAvanA / 6--siddhivinizcayaTIkA kI pra0 pR0 52 /

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44 aura guptoM ke rAjyakAla kA pramANa 255 varSa hai / isa ullekha ke anusAra 242 - ( 5657) -- 186-185 I0 ke lagabhaga gupta saMvat kA AraMbha huA / anantara guptakAla ke 585 varSajor3a da ene para I0 san 770-771 ke lagabhaga zrAcArya haribhadra kA svargArohaNa samaya AtA hai / isakI puSTi muni jinavijaya ke dvArA nirdhArita samaya se bhI hotI hai / ' prAcArya haribhadra ke samaya ko uttarI sImA kA nirdhAraNa kuvalayamAlA ke racayitA dAkSiNyacihna udyotanasUri ke ullekha dvArA ho jAtA hai / udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA kI prazasti meM isa graMtha kI samApti zaka saMvat 700 meM batAyI hai aura apane guru kA nAma haribhadra kahA hai / so siddhate gurU juttI - satthe hi jassa haribhaddo / bahu sattha- gaMtha - vitthara patthariya payaDa - savvattho / isase spaSTa hai ki zaka saMvat 700 ke bAda haribhadra kA samaya nahIM ho sakatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki haribhadra AThavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM avazya jIvita the / upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA ke racayitA siddharSi ne apanI kathA kI prazasti meM prAcArya haribhadra ko apanA guru batAyA hai / viSaM vinirdhUya kuvAsanAmayaM vyacIcaradda yaH kRpayA madAzaye / acintyavIryeNa suvAsanAsudhAM namostu tasmai haribhadrasUraye // arthAt - - haribhadra sUri ne siddharSi ke kuvAsanAmaya mithyAtvarUpI viSa kA nAzakara unheM atyanta zaktizAlI suvAsanAmaya jJAna pradAna kiyA thA tathA inhoMke lie caMtyavandana sUtra kI lalita vistarA nAmaka vRtti kI racanA kI thI / upamita-bhavaprapaMcakathA ke ullekhoM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki haribhadrasUri siddharSi ke sAkSAt guru nahIM the, balki paramparayA guru the / pro0 abhyaMkara ne inheM sAkSAt guru svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu muni jinavijaya ne prazasti ke "anAgata" zabda ke zrAdhAra para uparyukta niSkarSa hI nikAlA hai / inakA anumAna hai ki AcArya haribhadra racita lalitavistarA vRtti ke adhyayana se siddharSi kA kuvAsanAmaya viSa dUra huA thA / isI kAraNa siddhaSi na e usake racayitA ko svabhAvataH sadRSTividhAyaka dharmabodhaka guru ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai / ataeva spaSTa hai ki pro0 abhyaMkara ne haribhadra ko siddharSi kA sAkSAt guru mAnakara unakA samaya vi0 saM0 800 -- 650 mAnA hai, vaha prAmANika nahIM hai aura na unakA yaha kahanA hI yathArtha hai ki kuvalayamAlA meM ullikhita zaka saMvat hI gupta saMvat hai / sAmAnyataH muni jinavijaya jI ne AcArya haribhadra ko zaMkarAcArya kA pUrvavartI mAnA hai / sabhI vidvAn zaMkarAcArya kA samaya I0 saM0 788 se 820 taka svIkAra karate haiM / zrAcArya haribhadra ne apane se pUrvavartI prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1 - - vizeSa ke lie dekheM-- anekA0 ja0 bhAga 2 kI prastAvanA | 2 - ku0 pra0 430 pR0 282 / 3 --- haribhadrAcAryasya samayanirNayaH, pR0 6 para uddhRta /

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45 zaMkarAcArya ne jaina darzana ke syAdvAdasiddhAMta - saptamaMgI nyAya kA khaMDana bhI kiyA hai / inako nAma kA ullekha athavA isake dvArA kiye gaye khaMDana meM pradatta tarkoM kA pratyuttara sarvato-. mukhI pratibhAvAn haribhadra ne nahIM diyaa| isakA spaSTa artha hai ki AcArya haribhadra zaMkara ke udbhava ke pahale hI svargastha ho gaye the--anyathA ve kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM unakA avazya ullekha karate / ataeva nizcita hai ki haribhadra kA samaya zaMkarAcArya se pahale hai / pro0 zrabhyaMkara ne haribhadra ke Upara zaMkarAcArya kA prabhAva batalAyA hai aura unheM zaMkarAcArya kA pazcAtavartI vidvAn mAnane kA prastAva kiyA hai / para haribhadra ke darzana saMbaMdhI graMthoM kA Alokana karane para yaha kathana nissAra pratIta hotA hai / sAmAnyataH anya sabhI vidvAn haribhadra ko zaMkarAcArya kA pUrvavartI mAnate haiM / sva0 paM0 mahendra kumAra jI ne haribhadra ke SaDdarzana samuccaya ( zlo0 30) meM jayanta bhaTTa kI nyAyamaMjUrI kara gambhIragajitAraMbha, nibhinnagirigahvarA / rolambagavalavyAlatamAlamalinatviSaH // tvaM gattaDillatAsaMga pizaMgItuMgavigrahA / vRSTiM vyabhicarantIha naMvaM prAyAH payomucaH // isa padya ke dvitIya pAda ko jaisA-kA-tasA sammilita kara liyA gayA hai aura paM0 mahendra kumAra jI ke anusAra jayanta kI nyAyamaMjarI kA racanAkAla I0 san 800 lagabhaga AtA hai / ataH ukta zloka jayanta kI nyAyamaMjarI kA hai, taba haribhadra ke samaya kI uttara sImA I0 san 800 ke lagabhaga honI cAhie / yataH ukta zloka jayanta kI nyAyamaMjarI kA hai taba haribhadra ke samaya kI uttara sImA I0 san 810 taka lambAnI hogI, tabhI ve jayanta kI nyAyamaMjarI ko dekha sake hoMge / haribhadra kA jIvana lagabhaga nabbe varSoM kA thA, ataH unakI pUrvAvadhi I0 san 720 ke lagabhaga honI cAhie' / isa mata para vicAra karane se do ApattiyAM sAmane AtI haiM / pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki jayanta hI nyAyamaMjarI ke ukta zloka ke racayitA haiM, yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai, yataH unake graMtha meM anyAnya zrAcArya aura graMthoM ke uddharaNa vartamAna hai / mithilA vidyApITha ke DaoNo ThAkura ne nyAyamaMjarI saMbaMdhI apane zodha nibandha meM siddha kiyA hai ki vAcaspati mizra ( I0 san 841 ) ke guru trilocana the aura unhoMne eka nyAyamaMjarI kI racanA kI thI / saMbhavataH jayanta ne bhI ukta zloka vahIM se liyA ho, athavA anya kisI pUrvAcArya kA aisA koI dUsarA nyAya graMtha rahA ho, jisase AcArya haribhadra sUri aura jayanta bhaTTa ina donoM ne 1- viMzati viMzikA - - prastAvanA / 2 -- nyAyamaMjarI vijayanagara saMskaraNa, pR0 126 / 3 - siddhivinizcaya TIkA kI prastAvanA, pR0 53-54 /

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ukta zloka liyA ho| yaha saMbhAvanA taba aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai, jaba ki kucha prakAzita tathyoM se jayanta kInyAyamaMjarI kA racanA kAla I0 san 800 ke sthAna para I0 san 860 AtA hai| ___jayanta ne apanI nyAyamaMjarI meM rAjA avantivarmana (I0 san 856-883) ke samakAlIna dhvanikAra aura rAjA zaMkara varmana dvArA (I0 883- 902) avaidha ghoSita kiye gaye nIlAmbara vRtta kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina pramANoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jarmana vidvAn DaoN0 hekara ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki zaMkara varmana ke rAjya kAla meM lagabhaga 860 IsvI ke Asa-pAsa jaba jayanta bhaTTa ne nyAyamaMjarI kI racanA kI hogI, taba vaha 60 varSa ke vRddha puruSa ho cuke hoNge| uparyukta tathyoM ke prakAza meM sva0 paM0 mahendra kumAra jI kA yaha mata ki jayanta kI nyAyamaMjarI kI racanA lagabhaga 800 I0 ke AsapAsa huI hogI, apramANita siddha ho jAtA hai aura isa avasthA meM prAcArya haribhadra ke kAla kI uttarAvadhi prAmANika nahIM ThaharatI / prAcArya haribhadra ne apane SaDdarzana meM ukta zloka nyAyamaMjarI se liyA hai, yaha mAnane para unheM kama-se-kama I0 600 taka jIvita rahanA cAhiye, tabhI ve jayanta ko nyAyamaMjarI dekha sake hoNge| haribhadra kI pUrvAvadhi ukta tathya ke anusAra I0 san 800 ke AsapAsa aura aura uttarAvadhi 600 I0 ke AsapAsa AtI hai / isa avadhi ke mAnane para AcArya haribhadra kuvalayamAlA ke racayitA udyotana sUri ke guru nahIM ho sakate / uparyukta bAtoM kA vicAra karane se yahI ucita samAdhAna pratIta hotA hai ki prAcArya haribhadra aura jayanta ina donoM ne hI kisI eka hI pUrvavatI racanA se ukta zloka ke dvitIya pAda athavA pUrNa zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| haribhadra ke samaya nirNaya meM vidvAnoM ne mallavAdI ke samaya kA vicAra kiyA hai| saTIka nayacakra ke racayitA mallavAdI kA nirdeza haribhadra ne anekAnta jayapatAkA kI TIkA meM kiyA hai / mallavAdI kA samaya bhrAntivaza vIrani0 saM0 884 aura vi0 saM0 414 mAnA jAtA rahA hai, yaha ThIka nahIM hai / muni jaMbUvijaya ne saTIka nayacakra kA parAyaNa karake usakA vizeSa paricaya zrI prAtmAnanda prakAza (varSa 45, aMka 7) meM prakaTa kiyA hai / mukhtAra sAhaba ne usa pArAyaNa kA adhyayana kara likhA hai--"mAlUma hotA hai ki mallavAdI ne apane nayacakra meM pada-pada para vAkyapadIya" graMtha kA upayoga hI nahIM kiyA, balki usake kartA bhartRhari kA nAmollekha aura bhartRhari ke mata kA khaMDana bhI kiyA hai / ina bhartRhari kA samaya itihAsa meM cInI yAtrI itsiMga ke yAtrA vivaraNAdi ke anusAra I. sana 600 se 650 (vi0 saM0 657 se 707) taka mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki itsiMga ne jaba san 691 meM apanA yAtrA vRtAMta likhA, taba bhartRhari kA dehAvasAna hue 40 varSa bIta cuke the| aisI hAlata meM mallavAdI jinabhadra se pUrvavartI nahIM kahe jA skte| DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya ne nyAyAvatAra kI prastAvanA meM mallavAdI ke samaya kI isa bhUla athavA galatI kA kAraNa "zrI vIra vikramAt" ke sthAna para "zrI vIrasaMvatsarAta" pAThAntara kA ho jAnA sujhAyA hai / DaoN0 vaidya kA yaha sujhAva bahuta kucha aMzoM meM buddhisaMgata pratIta hotA hai / ataH ukta prakAza meM haribhadra kA samaya vi0 saM0 884 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai / 1--bihAra risarca sosAiTI jarnala bhAga khaMDa 4,1655 meM DaoN0 ThAkura kA nibandha / 2--dekheM-"nyAyamaMjarI sTaDIja' nAmaka pUnA auriyanTa lisTa (janavarI-aprila, 1957) pR0 77 hara DaoN0 eca0 maraharI kA lekha tathA usapara pAdaTippaNa kramAMka-2 / 3--jana-sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, pR0 551-552 /

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47 "prAcArya haribhadra ke samaya, saMyata jIvana aura unake sAhityika kAryoM kI vizAlatA ko dekhate hue unakI Ayu kA anumAna sau varSa ke lagabhaga lagAyA jA sakatA hai aura ve mallavAdI ke samakAlIna hone ke sAtha-sAtha kuvalayamAlA kI racanA ke kitane hI varSa vAda taka jIvita raha sakate haiN|" uparyukta carcA se nimna niSkarSa nikalate haiM : 1. haribhadra sUri vi0 saM0 884 (I0 san 827) ke AsapAsa hue mallavAdI ke samasAmayika vidvAna the| mallavAdI haribhadra se Ayu meM bar3e hI hoNge| 2. kuvalayamAlA kI racanA ke samaya--I0 san 778 meM haribhadra kI avasthA 50 varSa kI rahI hogii| isa prAya meM unakA udyotana sUri kA guru honA asaMbhava nahIM / 3. haribhadra kA samaya 730 I0 se 830 I0 taka mAnA jAnA cAhie / haribhadra ke samaya ke sambandha meM hamArA apanA abhimata yaha hai ki jaba taka haribhadra ke Upara zaMkarAcArya kA prabhAva siddha nahIM ho jAtA hai, tabataka AcArya haribhadra sUri kA samaya zaMkarAcArya ke bAda nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / ataH muni jinavijaya jI ne haribhadra sUri kA samaya, jo I0 san 700 ke lagAkara 770 taka mAnA hai, vahI samIcIna hai / isa mata ke mAna lene se udyotana sUri ke sAtha unake guru-ziSya ke sambandha kA nihi bhI ho jAtA hai / 730 I0 se 830 I0 taka samaya mAna lene para hI udyotanasUri ke sAtha guru-ziSya kA sambandha juTa sakatA hai / __ AcArya haribhadra sUri kA jIvana paricaya kisI bhI sAhityakAra ke jIvana ke sambandha meM vicAra karane ke lie do prakAra kI sAmagrI apekSita hotI hai--grAbhyaMtara aura bAhya / AbhyaMtara se abhiprAya usa prakAra kI sAmagrI se hai, jisakA ullekha graMthakAra ne svayaM kiyA hai / bAhya ke antargata anya logoM ke dvArA ullikhita sAmagrI prAtI hai / haribhadra ko nimnAMkita racanAoM meM unake jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM tathya upalabdha hota hai:-- (1) dazava kAlika niyukti TIkA re (2) upadeza pada kI prazasti (3) paMcasUtra TIkA (4) anekAnta jayapatAkA kA antima aMza 5 1--jaina-sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, pR0 553 kA pAdaTippaNa / 2--mahattarAyA yAkinyA dharmaputreNa cintitA / AcAryaharibhadreNa TIke yaM ziSya bodhinI / 3--AiNimaya hariyAe raitA ete udhamma putreNa haribhaddAyarieNa / 4--vivRttaM ca yAkinImahattarAsunUzrIharibhadrAcAryaiH / 5--kRti dharmato yAkinImahattarAsunorAcAryaharibhadrasya /

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48 (5) lalita vistarA ( 6 ) Avazyaka sUtra TIkA prazasti 2 uparyukta graMtha prazastiyoM meM se antima graMtha prazasti hI adhika upayogI hai / isake AdhAra para prAcArya haribhadra ke jIvana para nimna prakAza par3atA hai / haribhadra zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vidyAdhara gaccha ke ziSya / gacchapati AcArya kA nAma jinabhaTTa aura dIkSAguru kA nAma jinadatta tathA dharmamAtA sAdhvI ( jo inake dharmaparivartana meM mUla nimitta huI) kA nAma yAkinI mahattarA thA / AcArya haribhadra kI racanAoM ko adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ye bahumukhI, pratibhAzAlI aura bhAratIya darzana ke advitIya marmajJa the / inake vyaktitva meM darzana, sAhitya, purANa aura dharma Adi kA sammizraNa huA thA / inhoMne bauddha-nyAya kA vizeSa rUpa se adhyayana kiyA thA / diGnAga ko "nyAya praveza" para vidvattApUrNa TIkA kA likhA jAnA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki ye isa nyAya ke vizeSajJa the / uparyukta prazastiyoM se inake jIvana ke sambandha meM nimna tathya ho pratyakSa hote haiM: 1. jinabhaTa kI paramparA meM jinadatta ke ziSya the / 2. yAkinI sAdhvI ke upadeza se jainadharma meM dIkSita hue the / ataH use apanI dharmamAtA kahA hai / 3. inhoMne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI thI / zrAcArya haribhadra ne apane jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM jitanA likhA hai, usase kahIM adhika unake jIvana ke sambandha meM unake samakAlIna lekhakoM ne likhA hai / para sAtha hI yaha bhI utanA hI satya hai ki aitihAsika tathya dantakathAoM aura paurANika kathAoM meM praviSTa hokara prazaMsAtmaka vicitra kalpita bAtoM ke mizraNa se kucha aMzoM meM avizvasanIya bana gae haiM / nimnAMkita racanAoM meM haribhadra sUri ke jIvanavRtta sUtra upalabdha hote haiM --- 1. municandra racita "upadezapada TIkA prazasti" ( 1174 I0 ) 2. jinadatta kA " gaNadharasArdhazataka" ( 1168 - 1121 I0 ) 3. prabhAcandra kA " prabhAvaka carita" (vi saM0 1334 ) 4. rAjazekhara "prabandhakoza" athavA caturviMzati prabandha 5. sumatigaNi "gaNadharasArdhazataka vRhaTTIkA ( vi0 saM0 1285 ) 6. bhadrezvara kahAvalI / uparyukta prathama pAMca sUtroM ke anusAra prAcArya haribhadra kA janma citrakUTa cittaur3arAjasthAna meM huA thA / ye janma se brAhmaNa the aura apane advitIya pAMDitya ke kAraNa - haribhadrasUricaritam pR0 7 2--kRtiH sitambarAcArya jinabhaTanigadAnusAriNo vidyAdharakulatilakAcArya jinadatta ziSya sAdharmyato jAiNImahattarAsUnoralpamate rAcArya haribhadrasya / --piTarsana tharDa riporTa pR0 202 / 1 - - kRtidharmato yAkinI mahattarAsUnorAcArya haribhadrasyapA0 hi0

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vahAM ke rAjA jitAri ke rAjapurohita the / dIkSAgrahaNa karane ke pazcAt jaina sAdhu ke rUpa meM inakA jIvana rAjapUtAnA aura gujarAta meM vizeSa rUpa se vyatIta huaa| prabhAvaka caritra se avagata hotA hai ki inhoMne poravAla vaMza ko suvyavasthita kiyA aura use jaina dhama meM dIkSita kara AtmakalyANa meM lagAyA / neminAtha carita dvArA jJAta hotA hai ki po vAla jAti kI utpatti zrImAla meM huI / isa jAti kA nimAya nAma kA vIra puruSa vanarAja dvArA prabhAvita hokara usako nayI rAjadhAnI anahilapaTTana meM basa gayA aura vahAM usane vidyAdhara gaccha ke lie RSabhadeva kA eka mandira banavAyA / pradhAna rUpa se haribhadra sUri rAjapUtAna aura gujarAta meM hI paribhramaNa karate rahe / yoM to inakA bihAra samagra bhAratavarSa meM huA thaa| samarAiccakahA meM pAe hue nagaroM aura prAMtoM ke nAmoM se jJAta hotA hai ki haribhadra sUri dakSiNa bhArata nahIM gaye the| isameM uttara bhArata ke hI nagaroM aura sthAnoM ke nAma pAte hai| dharma parivartana prAcArya haribhadra ke jIvana pravAha ko badalane vAlI ghaTanA unake dharma parivartana kI hai / inakI yaha pratijJA thI ki "jisakA vacana na samajhaM, unakA ziSya ho jAUM / " eka dina rAjA kA madonmatta hAthI pAlAnastambha ko lekara nagara meM daur3ane lgaa| hAthI ne aneka logoM ko kucala diyA / haribhadra isI hAthI se bacane ke lie eka jaina upAzraya meM praviSTa hue| yahAM yAkinI mahattarA nAmakI sAdhvI ko nimna gAthA kA pATha karate hue sunAH-- cakkIdurga haripaNagaM cakkoNa kesavo cakkI / kesava cakkI kesava du cakkI kesava cakkI y|| isa gAthA kA artha unakI samajha meM nahIM AyA aura unhoMne sAdhvI se usakA artha puuchaa| sAdhvI ne unheM gacchapati prAcArya jinabhaTa ke pAsa bheja diyaa| prAcArya se artha sunakara ve vahIM dIkSita ho gaye aura bAda meM apanI vidvattA tathA zreSTha prAcAra ke kAraNa prAcArya ne unheM hI apanA paTTadhara prAcArya banA diyA / jisa yAkinI mahattarA ke nimitta se haribhadra ne dharma parivartana kiyA thA, usako unhoMne apanI dharmamAtA ke samAna pUjya mAnA hai aura apane ko yAkinIsunu kahA hai / yadyapi haribhadra ke dhama parivartana kI ghaTanA kA ullekha gaNadharasArdhazataka meM nahIM milatA hai, phira bhI sabhI vidvAn ise satya svIkAra karate hai / yAkobI kA kahanA hai--"prAcArya haribhadra ko jainadharma kA gaMbhIra jJAna rakhakara bhI anyAnya darzanoM kA itanA vizAla aura tattvagrAhI jJAna thA, jo usa kAla meM eka brAhmaNa ko hI paramparAgata zikSA ke rUpa meM prApta hona: svAbhAvika thA, anya ko nahIM / bhavaviraha sUri aura virahAMka kavi kA marma prAcArya haribhadra ne apane graMthoM kI antima gAthA yA zloka meM bhavaviraha athavA virahAMka kavi zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / ina zabdoM ke pIche kyA rahasya hai, isakA vivecana (1) yAkovo dvArA likhita samarAijcakahA kI prastAvanA, pa0 8 / 4--22 eDa0

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prabandhakoza aura kahAvalI ina donoM graMthoM meM milatA hai / prabhAvakacarita aura prabandhakoza meM haribhadra ke sambandha meM jo kathA AtI hai, usakA sAra nimna prakAra hai:-- prAcArya haribhadra ke do bhAnaje ziSya haMsa aura paramahaMsa the| ye bauddhadharma aura nyAya kI zikSA grahaNa karane ke lie citaur3a meM bauddhAcArya ke pAsa gye| vahAM jaina hone ke bheda khula jAne para haMsa to, unake hAtha vahIM mArA gayA aura paramahaMsa bhI usI taraha samApta ho gyaa| isase prAcArya ko atyanta santApa hA aura ina ziSyoM kI cirasmati ke rUpa meM unhoMne viraha zabda apanA liyaa| kahAvali meM bhI ziSyoM ke mAre jAne kI bAta AtI hai| parantu nAma jinabhadra aura vIrabhadra diye haiM, jo upayukta pratIta hote haiM / unake "bhavavirahasUri" karake likhane aura prasiddha hone kI bAta "kahAvali" meM nimna prakAra AtI hai / munikalyANa vijayajI Adi vidvAnoM ne ise prAcIna mAnA hai / / haribhadra jinabhaTa prAcArya ke pAsa dIkSita hone gaye aura unase dharma kA phala pUchA / prAcArya ne dharma ke do bheda batalAe--saspRha (nidAna sahita, sakAma) aura niHspRha (niSkAma) / saspRha karma kA AcaraNa karane vAlA svargAdi sukha aura niHspRha dharma kA AcaraNa karane vAlA bhavaviraha--mukti, janma-maraNa se chuTakArA prApta karatA hai / haribhadra ne bhavaviraha ko upAdeya samajhakara grahaNa kiyA / bhojana yA anya avasaroM para jo bhI Akara unheM namaskAra, vandanA karatA, use vaM "bhavaviraha karane meM udyamavanta hoo" yaha AzIrvAda dete| bhakta loga "bhavavirahasUri" ciraMjIvI hoM, kahate hue cale jAte / isa prakAra "bhavaviraha" atyanta priya hone se inhoMne svayaM bhavaviraha zabda ko grahaNa kiyA aura bhavavirahasUri yA virahAMka kavi ke nAma se prasiddha hue| ___ kahAvali kI anya sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para haribhadra kA janmasthAna "pivaMguI" nAma kI koI brahmapurI likhA hai| mAtA kA nAma gaMgA aura pitA kA nAma zaMkarabhaTTa milatA hai| inake dvArA 1,400, 1,440 yA 1,444 prakaraNoM ke likhe jAne kI sUcanA bhI milatI hai| haribhadra kI racanAeM yugapradhAna hone kI dRSTi se haribhadra kI khyAti unakI agaNita sAhityika kRtiyoM para Azrita hai / jana-sAhitya meM yaha bahuta hI medhAvI aura vicAraka lekhaka hai / inake dharma, darzana, nyAya, kathA-sAhitya evaM yoga, sAdhanAdi sambandhI vibhinna viSayoM para gambhIra pAMDityapUrNa grantha upalabdha hai| yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki samarAiccakahA aura dhUrtAkhyAna jaise sarasa, manoraMjaka AkhyAna pradhAna granthoM kA raciyatA anekAnta jayapatAkA jaise kliSTa nyAya grantha kA racayitA ho sakatA hai| eka ora hRdaya kI sarasatA TapakatI hai to dUsarI ora mastiSka kI prauddh'taa| haribhadra kI sAhitya pratibhA ke mUlataH do varga kiye jA sakate haiM--bhASya, cUNi aura TIkA ke rUpa meM tathA maulika grantha racanA ke rUpa meN| haribhadra ke pahale Agama granthoM ke likhe gaye bhASya, cUNi aura vivRttiyAM prAkRta bhASA meM hI hai / haribhadra ne apane pUrvajoM ke granthoM se lAbhAnvita hokara AgamasUtra granthoM para bhASya, cUNi aura vRttiyAM saMskRta bhASA meM likhiiN| inakI apanI eka vizeSa zailI hai, ye artha saMskRta meM likhate haiM, kintu kathAoM tathA cUNiyoM ke anya bhAgoM ko prAkRta meM hI chor3a dete haiN| hamArA yaha vizvAsa hai ki haribhadra se pahale pAgama granthoM kI vyAkhyA saMskRta meM nahIM likhI gii| haribhadra ne jisa zailI kA AviSkAra kiyA, usakA vAda meM aura adhika vikAsa huaa|

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prAcArya haribhadra ne kitane grantha likhe, isake saMbaMdha meM vibhinna vidvAnoM kI vibhinna mAnyatAeM upalabdha haiN| yahAM kucha mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA jaaygaa| 1. abhayadeva sUri ne paMcAsaga ko TIkA meM, municandra ne upadezapada kI TIkA meM aura vAdideva sUri ne apane syAvAda ratnAkara meM, prAcArya haribhadra sUri ko 1,400 prakaraNoM kA racayitA kahA hai / 2. rAjazekhara sUri ne apanI arthadIpikA meM tathA vijayalakSmI sUri ne apane upadeza prAsAda meM inako 1,444 prakaraNoM kA racayitA batAyA hai| 3. rAjazekhara sUri ne apane prabandha koza meM inako 1,440 prakaraNoM kA racayitA kahA hai| ___isa saMkhyA aura isase sambaddha kathAnaka ko vidvAnoM ne prAmANika nahIM mAnA hai| yahAM saMkSipta kathAnaka uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| apane do ziSyoM--haMsa aura paramahaMsa ke vadha ke pazcAt haribhadra ko atyanta santApa aura bauddha sAdhuoM ke prati pratizodha kI tIvra bhAvanA utpanna huii| inhoMne bauddhoM se zAstrArtha kI ghoSaNA kii| jo-jo bauddha sAdhu inase zAstrArtha meM hArate jAte the, una sabako ubalate hue tela ke kar3Aha meM jindA hI giranA par3atA thaa| isa prakAra lagabhaga 1,400 bauddha sAdhuoM ko ukta dazA prAcArya ke hAthoM huii| yaha saMvAda jaba unake guru ko milA to unhoMne nidAna aura usake Upara haribhadra ko tIna gAthAeM likhakara bhejI, jinheM par3hakara haribhadra kA krodha zAMta huaa| una gAthAoM ko AdhAra mAnakara haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA kI racanA kI aura jitane bauddha svAhA hue the, pazcAtApa svarUpa utane hI prakaraNa racane kI pratijJA kii| bhadrezvara kI kathAvali meM yaha ghaTanA kucha bhinna rUpa meM milatI hai| vahAM batAyA gayA hai ki ziSyoM ke vadha meM prAcArya ko atyanta kleza aura nirAzA haI tathA ve svayaM AtmahatyA karane para utArU ho gye| paranta unake guru ne unake duHkha kA Avega zAnta kiyA aura grantha santati ko hI apanI ziSya santati mAnakara grantha racanA meM pravRtta kiyaa| zodha manISiyoM ne zAstrArtha sambandhI kathA ko nitAnta kalpita kiMvadantI kahA hai / abhimata hai ki haribhadra ne sahastrAdhika prakaraNoM kI racanA kI aura Aja unake nAma bhI nahIM milate, yaha asambhava hai ki inake anusAra prakaraNa kA artha svataMtra nahIM, balki grantha kA adhyAya ho / jaise paMcAsaga meM pacAsa, vizikA meM bIsa, SoDazaka meM solaha aura aSTaka meM battIsa / parantu isa prakAra bhI saMkhyA sahasra ke nikaTa nahIM pahuMcatI hai| abataka kula milAkara lagabhaga eka sau granthoM ke nAmoM kA patA lagA hai, jo prAcArya haribhadra sUri ke dvArA race hue kahe jA sakate haiN| inameM upalabdha ,anupalabdha lagabhaga pacAsa grantha aise haiM, jo nizcita rUpa se prAcArya haribhadra sari ke dvArA race hue mAne 1--guNase Na-aggisammA sIhANaMdA ya taha piyaaputtaa| sihi jAliNi mAisupA dhaNa dhaNasiriyo ya paibhajjA / / 1 / / jaya-vijayA ya sahoara dharaNo lacchI ya tahappaI bhjjaa| seNa viseNA pittiyauttA jammammi sattamae // 2 // gaNacaMda-vANamaMtara samarAicca girisaNa pANo y| egassa to mukkho ragato aNNassa saMsAro // 3 // sama0 pra0 gA0 23---25 / 2--prabhAvaka carita aura rAjazekhara ke prabandhakoza ke AdhAra pr|

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jA sakate haiN| avazeSa granthoM ke saMbaMdha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kA jA sakatA hai| upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para prAcArya haribhadra sUri kI nimna racanAeM mAnI jA sakatI saM0 mudrita) ___ AcArya haribhadra sUri kI racanAoM ko mukhya rUpa se nimna do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai :-- 1. AgamagranthoM aura pUrvAcAryoM kI kRtiyoM para TIkAeM 2. svaracita grantha--(ka) svopajJa TIkA sahita (kha) svopajJa TIkA rahita vivaraNa nimna prakAra haiM:-- 1 anuyoga dvAra vivRtti (ziSyahitA) (saM0 mudrita) 2 Avazyaka sUtra bRhad TIkA (prA0 anupalabdha) 3 AvazyakasUtra vivRtti (ziSyahitA) (saM0 mudrita) 4 caityavandana sUtravRtti (lalita vistarA) (saM0 mudrita) 5 jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra laghuvRtti 6 tattvArtha sUtra ladhuvRtti (apUrNa) (saM0 mudrita) 7 dazavakAlika bahavRtti vA ziSyabodhinI (saM0 mudrita) 8 nandI adhyayana TIkA (saM0 mudrita) 6 paMcasUtra vyAkhyA (saM0 mudrita) 10 prajJApanA sUtra TIkA vA praveza vyAkhyA (saM0 mudrita) 11 piNDa niyukti vRtti (saM0 anupalabdha) 12 vargake valika sUtra vRtti (saM0 anupalabdha) 13 dhyAnazataka vRtti (saM0 mudrita) jinabhadra gaNiracita dhyAnazataka para ttiikaa| 14 zrAvaka prajJapti TIkA (saM0 mudrita) umAsvAtiracita zrAvaka prajJapti para ttiikaa| 15 nyAya praveza TIkA (saM0 mudrita) bauddhAcArya diGa nAgakRta nyAya praveza para ttiikaa| 16 nyAyAvatAravRtti (saM0 anupalabdha) siddhasena kRta nyAyAvatAra para ttiikaa| svopajJa TIkA sahita racita maulika grantha 17 anekAnta jayapatAkA 18 anekAnta jayapatAkodyota dIpikA (saM0 mudrita) anekAnta jayapatAkA kI ttiikaa| 16 paMcavatthuga (prA0 mudrita) 20 yogadRSTi samuccaya (saM0 mudrita) 21 zAstravArtA samuccaya saM0 mudrita) 22 sarvajJasiddhi (saM0 mudrita) 26 hiMsASTaka (saM0 mudrita) (saM0 mudrita)

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24 25 26 27 zrAtmasiddhi upadezaprada 28 26 30 anekAntavAda praveza anekAnta siddhi 35 36 zraSTaka prakaraNa darisaNasattAri ( darzanasaptatikA) dvijavadanacapeTA 31 32 33 34 paMcAga dhamma saMgahaNI dhamabindu dhUrtAkhyAna svopajJa TIkA rahita maulika grantha bhAvanA siddhi bhAvAthamAtravedinI 37 yogabindu 38 yogazataka 36 laghukSetra samAsa vA jambUdvIpa kSetra samAsa 40 lagnazuddhi yA lagga kuMDaliyA 41 lokatattva nirNaya yA nRtattva nigama 42 vorathaya yA vIrastava 43 bIsa vIsIzro 44 zrAvaka dharmatantra 45 SaDdarzana samuccaya SoDaza prakaraNa 46 47 samarAiccakahA saMsAra dAvAnala stuti 48 46 saMvAhapagaraNa yA tattapayAsaga 50 syAdvAda kucodaparihAra 53 1 prodha niryukti 2 jambUdvIpa prajJapti 3 laghukSetra samAsa vRtti 4 anekAnta praghaTTa 5 upaesa pagaraNa 6 jambUdIva saMgrahaNI 7 tribhaMgI sAra zrAcArya haribhadra ko katipaya aisI racanAe~ bhI upalabdha haiM, jinake viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ina racanAoM ke karttA yAkinI mahattarAsUna zrAcArya haribhadra sUri hI haiM, athavA uttarakAlIna anya haribhadra nAma ke prAcArya haiN| jabataka isa saMbaMdha meM puSTa pramANa upalabdha na hoM, tabataka nirNayAtmaka rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / ina saMdigdha racanAoM kI tAlikA nimna prakAra haiM :-- (saM0 mudrita ) (saM0 anupalabdha) (saM0 mudrita ) (saM0 anupalabdha) ( prA0 mudrita ) (sAvagadhammapagaraNa ) ( prAkRta) ( mudrita ) (prA0 mudrita) (saM0 mudrita ) ( prA0 madrita ) (prA0 mudrita ) ( zranupalabdha) (saM0 mudrita ) (saM0 mudrita ) (prA0 mudrita ) ( prA0 mudrita ) (saM0 mudrita ) ( prA0 mudrita ) (prA0 mudrita ) (saM0 mudrita ) (saM0 mudrita ) (saM0 mudrita ) ( prA0 mudrita ) (saM0 mudrita ) ( prA0 saM0 mudrita ) (saM0 anupalabdha)

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8 devendra narakendra prakaraNa 6 kSetra samAsa vRtti 10 jambUdvIpa sUtravRtti 11 zrAvaka prajJapti sUtravRtti 12 acchI cUr3AmaNi 13 kathAkoSa 14 caityavaMdana bhASya 15 tatvataraMginI 16 dinazuddhi 17 daMsaNa zuddhi 18 dharmalAbha siddhi 16 nANapaMcagavakkhANa 20 nAnA cittapagaraNa 21 paralokasiddhi 22 paMcaniyaSThI 23 bRhanmithyAtvamathana 24 munipaticarita 25 yazodharacarita 26 vIrAMgada kathA * 27 vyavahAra kalpa 28 saMkita paccIsI 26 saMbodha sittarI 30 sAsaya jiNakittaNa 31 dharmasAra 32 nANAyatana 33 nyAyavinizcaya 34 pratiSThAkalpa 35 paMcaliMgI 36 vAMTika pratiSedha 37 yatidina kRtya 38 lokabindu 36 vedavAhyatA nirAkaraNa 40 saMskRta AtmAnuzAsanaha 41 saMgraha vivRtti 42 sapaMcAsittarI 43 jJAna paMcaka vivaraNa 4

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uparyukta granthoM meM saMgraha vivRtti aura laghukSetra samAsavRtti ina donoM granthoM ko hastalikhita pratiyAM bhI upalabdha hai| ela0 bI0 gAMdhI ne jaisalamera bhaMDAra ko grantha sUcI meM ina donoM granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / gaNadhara sArdhazataka meM sumatigaNi ne ukta bonoM granthoM kA racayitA AcArya haribhadra sUri ko hI mAnA hai / haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAeM haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA aura dhUkhyiAna ke sAtha TIkA aura cUNiyoM meM udAharaNa ke rUpa meM pragaNita dRSTAnta kathAeM likhI haiN| yadyapi inakA vistRta vivecana Age ke prakaraNoM meM kiyA jAyagA, to bhI prati saMkSepa meM yahAM ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai / yaha hama pahale hI likha cuke haiM ki haribhadra ke pUrva prAkRta kathAoM kI eka sudRr3ha paramparA thii| vasudeva hiMDI aura taraMgavatI kathA kA prabhAva prAcArya haribhadra ke Upara atyadhika par3A hai / janma-janmAntaroM ke ghaTanA jAla kI paramparA taraMgavatI se prArambha hotI hai| yoM to paurANika upAkhyAnoM meM pUrvabhavAvalI calI A rahI thI, kintu ghaTanAtantra kI saMghaTanA taraMgavatI se hI prArambha huI hai| haribhadra ne sthApatya ko paramparA meM eka nayI gaThana bhI utpanna kI hai / taraMgavatI meM pUrvajanma kI smRtiyAM aura karmavipAka kevala kathA ko preraNA dete haiM, para samarAiccakahA meM pUrva janmoM kI paramparA kA spaSTIkaraNa, zabhAzabha kRta karmoM ke phala aura zrotAoM yA pAThakoM ke samakSa kucha naitika siddhAMta bhI upasthita kiye haiN| samarAiccakahA kI AdhArabhUta pravRtti pratizodha bhAvanA hai| pradhAna kathA meM yaha pratizodha kI bhAvanA vibhinna rUpoM meM vyakta huI hai / darzana kI bhASA meM nidAna zabda zalya ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / kisI acche kArya ko kara usake phala kI AkAMkSA karanA arthAt sakAma karma karanA nidAna hai| vaidyaka zAstra ke anusAra apathya sevana se utpanna dhAtuoM kA vikAra jisake kAraNa roga utpanna hotA hai, nidAna kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra azubha karma, jinakA prANiyoM ke naitika saMghaTana para prabhAva par3atA hai, jo aneka janmoM taka vartamAna rahakara vyakti ke jIvana ko rugNa-nAnAgatiyoM meM bhramaNa karane kA pAtra banA dete haiM, nidAna hai / haribhadra ne chaThaveM bhava meM isa nidAna kA svayaM vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai-- "niyANaM ca duvihaM havai, ihaloiyaM paraloiyaM c| tattha ihaloiyaM apacchAsevaNajaNiyo vAyAidhAukkhoho, paraloiyaM paavkmm|" agnizarmA guNasena ke prati atyanta tIna ghRNA ke kAraNa nidAna bAMdhatA hai / yaha ghRNA jyoM kI tyoM AgevAle bhavoM meM dikhalAyI par3atI hai / jaba bhI vaha guNasena ke jIva-punarjanma ke kAraNa anya paryAya ko prApta hue ke samparka meM pahuMcatA hai, pratizodha kI bhAvanA utpanna ho jAtI hai / agnizarmA kA nindyAcaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, moha Adi vibhinna pravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM vyakta ho jAtA hai aura punaH pApAcaraNa karane se bhAvI karmoM kI nindya paramparA banatI calI jAtI hai / zubhAcaraNa kA phala manuSya svargAdi sukhoM ke rUpa meM aura azubhAcaraNa kA phala naraka, niyaMca Adi yoniyoM meM duHkhoM ke rUpa meM prApta karatA hai| uparyakta tathya ko kendra mAnakara samarAiccakahA meM nAyaka sadAcArI aura pratinAyaka durAcArI ke jIvana saMgharSa kI kathA, jo nau janmoM taka calatI hai, likhI gaI hai / nAyaka zubha pariNati ko zuddha paraNati ke rUpa meM parivattita kara zAzvata sukha prApta karatA hai 1--vizeSa sUcanA ke liye dekheM--anekAnta jayapatAkA, bhAga 2, bhUmikA tathA yogazataka, pariziSTa 6, pR0 142----44 / 2--yA0 saMpAdita sa0 cha 0 bha0, pR0 481 /

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56 aura pratinAyaka yA khalanAyaka ananta saMsAra kA pAtra banatA hai / haribhadra ne prastAvanA kI gAthAoM meM batAyA hai ki guNasena aura agnizarmA ke aneka bhava haiM, para ve sabhI upayogI nahIM haiN| yataH ina donoM kA saMbaMdha nAyaka-pratinAyaka ke rUpa meM nau calatA hai| guNase na-agnizarmA, pitA aura putra ke rUpa meM siMha-pAnanda, putra aura mAtA ke rUpa meM zikhi-jAlinI, pati aura patnI ke rUpa meM dhana-dhanazrI, sahodara ke rUpa meM jaya-vijaya, pati aura bhAryA ke rUpa meM dharaNa-lakSmI, cacere bhAI ke rUpa meM sena-viSaNa, guNa-vAnavyantara evaM samarAditya-girisena isa prakAra nau bhavoM ko kathA isa kRti meM varNita hai| isameM kathA ke sabhI guNa vartamAna hai| dhUrtAkhyAna prAcArya haribhadra sUri ko vyaMgya pradhAna racanA dhUkhyiAna hai / isameM purANoM meM varNita asaMbhava aura avizvasanIya bAtoM kA pratyAkhyAna pAMca dhUrtoM kI kathAoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM isa grantha kA zailI kI dRSTi se mUrdhanya sthAna hai / lAkSaNika zailI meM isa prakAra kI anya racanA dikhalAI nahIM par3atI hai| yaha satya hai ki vyaMgyopahAsa kI itanI puSTa racanA anyatra zAyada hI prApta hogii| inakA vyaMgya prahAra dhvaMsAtmaka nahIM, nirmANAtmaka hai| batAyA gayA hai ki ujjayinI ke pAsa eka suramya udyAna meM Thaga vidyA ke pAraMgata saikar3oM dhUrtoM ke sAtha mUladeva, kaMDarIka, elASAr3ha, zaza aura khaMDapAnA ye pAMca dhUrta netA pahuMce / inameM prathama cAra puruSa the aura khaMDapAnA strI thii| pratyeka puruSa dhUrtarAja ke pAMca cara tha aura khaDapAnA ke pAMca sau strI anucr| jisa samaya ye loga udyAna meM pahuMce the, ghanaghora varSA ho rahI thii| sabhI dhUrta varSA kI ThaMDha se ThiThurate aura bhUkha se kur3amar3Ate hue vyavasAya kA koI sAdhana na dekhakara isa niSkarSa para pahuMce ki bArIbArI se pAMcoM netA maMDalI ko apane jIvana anubhava sunAyeM aura jo dhUrta netA usako avizvasanIya aura asatya siddha kara de, vahI sArI maMDalI ko eka dina kA bhojana kraaye| aura jo mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, purANAdi ke kathAnakoM se usakA samarthana karate hue usakI satyatA meM sabako vizvAsa dilA de, vaha saba dhUrtoM kA rAjA banA diyA jaay| isa prastAva se saba sahamata ho gaye aura sabhI ne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA purANoM kI asaMbhava bAtoM kA bhaMDAphor3a karane ke nimitta kalpita AkhyAna sunAye / khaMDapAnA ne apanI caturAI se eka seTha dvArA ratnajaTita mudrikA prApta kI aura use becakara bAjAra se khAdya sAmagrI kharIdI gii| sabhI dhUrtoM ko bhojana karAyA gayA, jo bhUkha se kur3Amur3A rahe the aura ThaM se sikur3a rahe the| isa prakAra kathAoM ke mAdhyama se anyApekSita zailI meM haribhadra ne asaMbhava, mithyA aura akalpanIya nindya AcaraNa kI ora le jAne vAlI bAtoM kA nirAkaraNa kara svastha, sadAcArI aura saMbhava pAkhyAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| anya laghukathAeM dazavakAlika TIkA meM lagabhaga 30 mahattvapUrNa prAkRta kathAeM aura upadezapada meM lagabhaga 70 prAkRta kathAeM AI haiM / Avazyaka vRtti TippaNa meM saMskRta bhASA meM likhita kathAeM bhI upadezaprada aura manoraMjaka haiM / haribhadra sUri ko prAkRta laghu kathAoM kA saundarya vizleSaNa hama Age calakara kreNge| ataH yahAM saMkSipta nirdeza hI kiyA jaaygaa|

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dazavakAlika ko TIkA meM prAyI huI kathAeM upadezaprada haiN| pratyeka kathA koI na koI udAharaNa avazya prastuta karatI hai / udAharaNa yA dRSTAnta ina kathAoM meM lAkSaNika aura pratIkAtmaka zailI meM hI nirUpita kiye gaye haiN| kucha kathAoM meM manovijJAna ke prAraMbhika rUpa bhI upalabdha hote haiN| ina dRSTAnta kathAoM meM tAtkAlika sukha kI icchAoM ko tyAgakara zAzvata sukha kI prApti ke liye prayatna karane kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai / yaha prayatna manuSya ke mAnasika vikAsa ko pradarzita karatA hai / jo vyakti icchAoM kA tyAga nahIM kara sakatA hai, vaha icchAoM kA udAttIkaraNa kre| kisI bhI acche kArya ko karake phala ke viSaya meM cintita na honA athavA saMsAra kI bhalAI ke liye bhalA kAma karate rahanA vAsanAoM kA udAttIkaraNa hai / vicAra aura bhAvoM kI ekatA hone se manuSya ke prAcaraNa meM pariSkAra hotA hai / zakti aura kAryakuzalatA kI prApti bhAva aura vicAroM ke saMtulana se hI AtI hai / jIvana meM utsAha aura rasa kA saMcAra bhI udAharaNoM se saMcarita kiyA jA sakatA hai / ucita-anucita, upayogI-anupayogI evaM kartavya-akartavya kA vAstavika bodha karAne ke liye dazavakAlika TIkA ko kathAeM pUrNa sakSama hai| upadezapada kI gAthAtroM meM lagabhaga 70 kathAeM gumphita hai| isa grantha ke TIkAkAra municandra ne ina kathAoM ko kahIM-kahIM vistRta kiyA hai / yadyapi kathAoM kI prAkRtimUlaka rekhAeM jyoM ko tyoM haiM, kintu ina prAkRtiyoM meM unhoMne jahAM-tahAM raMga bharA hai / ina kathAoM meM kucha paurANika AkhyAna bhI saMkalita haiM, para soddezyatA rahane ke kAraNa ina kathAoM kA ekamAtra dhyeya hai AbhyaMtarika aura bAhya kaThinAiyoM para vijaya prApta karanA / sAdhAraNataH mAnava bAhya kaThinAiyoM kI ora hI dRSTipAta karatA hai / Antarika vicAroM kI ora dRSTipAta karane kA kisI virale vyakti ko hI dhyAna rahatA hogaa| jo vyakti AdhyAtmika cintana meM thor3A bahuta samaya bhI lagAtA hai, vaha pratikUla paristhitiyoM para bhI vijaya prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai| usakI apAra mAnasika zakti kA bhaNDAra khula jAtA hai| usake caritra ke durguNa saMkrAmaka tattva naSTa ho jAte haiN| aura sadguNoM kA saMcAra ho jAtA hai / / upadezapada kI kathAoM meM manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA Adi vyakta karane ke liye jo dasa dRSTAnta kathAeM aMkita kI gaI hai, ve manoraMjaka to hai hI, sAtha hI jIvanotthAna ke liye apUrva preraNA dene vAlI haiN| buddhi kI kuzalatA aura pApa-puNya kI mahattA prakaTa karane vAlI kathAeM bhI kama manoraMjaka nahIM hai| inameM laghukathA ke sabhI tatva pAye jAte haiN| lIlAvaIkahA dhArmika kathA-sAhitya ke kSetra meM samarAiccakahA ne eka nayA mArga prAkRta kathAsAhitya ko pradAna kiyA hai, to premAkhyAnaka AkhyAyikA ke kSetra meM kautUhala kavi kI lIlAvaI kahA ne| ye donoM kathA kRtiyAM apane-apane kSetra meM bejor3a aura sarasa haiN| donoM kA sthApatya eka hone para bhI donoM kI dizAeM do haiN| lIlAvaIkahA ko kAdambarI ke tulya mAnA gayA hai| kAdambarI saMskRta gadya meM likhI gayI hai, para lIlAvaIkahA prAkata padya meN| isa kRti meM kathA ke samasta lakSaNa vidyamAna haiN| sarasa lokakathA yA premakathA ke rUpa meM isa kRti kA prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai|

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58 isa kathA kRti kI prazaMsA karate hue svayaM kavi ne kahA haidIhacchi kahA esA aNudiyaha je paDhaMti NisuNaMti / tANa piya-viraha-dukkhaM Na hoi kaiyA vi taNamaMgi // 133331 arthAta--jo isa kathA ko pratidina par3hegA yA sunegA, use kabhI bhI priya viraha kA duHkha nahIM hogaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki premAkhyAnaka sAhitya ke vikAsa meM isa kRti kA mahatvapUrNa yoga hai| __ isa amarakathA kRti ke racayitA kautUhala kavi haiN| inake pitAmaha kA nAma / ve vedoM meM niSNAta the| devatAoM kI inake Upara kRpA thii| inake putra kA nAma bhUSaNa bhaTTa thaa| kavi kautUhala ke pitA yahI the| kavi ne apane pitAmaha aura pitA kA smaraNa bar3e garva ke sAtha kiyA hai| kavi ke samaya ke saMbaMdha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / puSpadanta ne kAlidAsa ke sAtha kohala kA nAma liyA hai / saMbhavataH yahI kohala kautUhala rahA hogaa| jisa prakAra zAlivAhana ko sAlAhana, sAla yA hAla kahate haiM, usI prakAra kautUhala ko kohala kahA gayA hai| vi0 saM0 1208 kI likhI huI lIlAvaIkahA kI tADapatrIya prati upalabdha hai tathA 600 isvI ke Anandavardhana ke samaya meM isakA ullekha hai / ataH inake samaya kI uttarAvadhi 10vIM zatI hai / lIlAvatI kathA kI gaThana, rasa, ulajhaneM kAdambarI ke samAna hai, ataH isakI pUrvAvadhi kAdambarI ke uparAnta ...7vIM zatI ke pazcAt hai| samarAiccakahA ke kucha uddharaNa tathA varNana isameM prAyaH mila jAte haiN| ataH kavi kA samaya 800 I0 ke lagabhaga honA caahiye| dRzya varNana aura prakRti citraNoM se aisA lagatA hai ki kavi kA janma sthAna paiThana rahA hogaa| yaha sthAna godAvarI nadI ke taTa para thaa| isa kathA meM pratiSThAna ke rAjA sAtavAhana aura siMhaladvIpa kI rAjakArI lIlAvatI kI premakathA varNita hai / kuvalayAvalI rAjarSi vipulAzaya kI apsarA rambhA se utpanna kanyA thii| usane gandharva kumAra citrAMgada se gandharva vivAha kara liyA / usake pitA ne kupita hokara citrAMgada ko zApa diyA aura vaha bhISaNAnana rAkSasa bana gyaa| kuvalayAvalI AtmahatyA karane ko udyata huI, para rambhA ne Akara usako dhairya baMdhAyA aura use nalakUvara ke saMrakSaNa meM chor3a diyaa| yakSarAja nalakUvara kA vivAha vasantazrI nAma kI vidyAdharI se huA thA, jisase mahAnumatI kA janma huaa| mahAnumatI aura kuvalayAvalI donoM sakhiyoM kA bar3A sneha thaa| eka bAra ve vimAna para car3hakara malaya parvata para gaI, jahAM siddhakumAriyoM ke sAtha jhUlA jhUlate hue mahAnumatI aura siddhakumAra mAdhavAnila kI prAMkheM cAra huI / ghara lauTakara mahAnumatI bar3I vyAkula rahane lgii| usane kuvalayAvalI ko punaH malayapradeza bhejaa| parantu vahAM jAkara patA calA ki mAdhavAnila ko koI zatru bhagAkara pAtAla-loka meM le gaye haiN| vApasa Akara usane duHkhI mahAnumatI ko sAntvanA dii| donoM godAvarI ke taTa para bhavAnI kI pUjA karane lgiiN| yahAM taka avAntara kathAoM kA vitAna hai| aba pradhAna kathA kA praveza hotA hai| siMhalarAja kI putrI lIlAvatI kA janma vasantazrI kI bahana vidyAdharI zAradazrI se hamA thaa| eka dina lIlAvatI pratiSThAna ke rAjA sAtavAhana ke citra ko dekhakara mohita ho gyii| bAda meM usane use svapna meM bhI dekhaa| mAtA-pitA kI AjJA lekara vaha apane priya kI khoja meM nikala pdd'ii| usakA dala mArga meM godAvarI-taTa para Akara ThaharA, jahAM use apanI mausI kI lar3akI mahAnamati mila gii| tInoM virahiNiyAM eka sAtha rahane lgiiN| 1-lIlA0 ka0 gA0 18--22 /

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apane rAjya kA vistAra karate hue sAtavAhana ne siMhalarAja para AkramaNa karanA caahaa| para usake senApati vijayAnanda ne salAha dI ki siMhala se maMtrI rakhanA hI acchA hogaa| rAjA sAtavAhana ne vijayAnanda ko hI dUta banAkara bhejaa| vijayAnanda naukA TUTa jAne ke kAraNa godAvarI ke taTa para hI ruka gyaa| use patA lagA ki siMhalarAja kI putrI lIlAvatI yahAM nivAsa karatI hai / usane Akara sAtavAhana ko sArA vRttAnta sunaayaa| sAtavAhana senA lekara upasthita huA aura lIlAvatI se vivAha karane kI icchA prakaTa kii| parantu lIlAvatI ne yaha kahakara inkAra kara diyA ki jabataka mahAnumatI kA priya nahIM milegA, tabataka meM vivAha nahIM kruuNgii| rAjA pAtAla pahuMcA aura mAdhavAnila ko cha r3A laayaa| phira bhISaNAnana rAkSasa para AkramaNa kiyaa| coTa khAte hI bhISaNAnana punaH rAjakumAra bana gyaa| isa samaya yakSarAja nalakUbara, vidyAdhara haMsa aura siMhalanareza vhiiN| he| unhoMne apanI-apanI patriyoM kA vivAha ta tatapriya rAjakamAra se kara diyaa| yakSoM, gandharvo, siddhoM, vidyAdharoM, rAkSasoM aura mAnavoM ne aneka siddhiyAM vara-vadhuoM ko upahAra meM dii| isa kathA meM nimnAMkita vizeSatAeM vidyamAna hai:-- 1--divyaloka aura mAnavaloka donoM ke pAtra hone se kathA divyamAnuSI hai| 2--yaha sarasa prema kathA hai / prema kA aMkura nAyikA ke hRdaya meM aMkurita huA hai| prema kA saMyata aura santulita citraNa karane meM kavi ne pUrNa saphalatA pAI hai| usane premiyoM aura premikAoM kI dRr3hatA kI dIrgha parIkSA karake hI unheM vivAha bandhana meM bAMdhA hai| 3--prAkRtika dRzyoM ke kalAtmaka varNana bahuta sundara aura hRdayagrAha ya hai| . upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, samAsokti, kAliga Adi alaMkAroM kA bahuta hI sundara sanniveza huA hai| 4--rAjasabhAoM, sthAnamaNDayoM aura janma-sthala prabhRti kA sajIva citraNa huA hai| 5--ghaTanAoM kA Akalana kathAtmaka zailI meM huA hai| kathArasa kI bahulatA pAI jAtI hai| 6--samasyAeM aura ulajhaneM utpanna hotI hai| inake dvArA kautUhala kA sRjana sundara huA hai| manoraMjana aura kutUhala ye donoM guNa isa kRti meM vyApta haiN| 7--prabandha kAvya kI paTutA aura marmasthaloM kI pahacAna kavi ko sarvAdhika hai| jijJAsA aura kutUhala kI jAgRti ke lie kathA meM vibhinna prAvarta-vivoM ko utpanna kiyA gayA hai| 8--mAnavIya, atimAnavIya aura daivI tattvoM ke mizraNa se kathA ko paryApta sarasa banAyA gayA hai| haribhadra uttarayugIna prAkRta kathA-sAhitya sAmAnya pravRtti yAM haribhadra ke anantara prAkRta kathA sAhitya apanI pUrNa samRddhi ke mArga para prArUr3ha hamA aura apanI samasta pUrva ajita kSamatAoM, zaktiyoM, tattvoM, pravRttiyoM aura guNoM ke sAtha nAnAvidha rUpa grahaNa kara apane ko eka samRddha aura pUrNasAhityika vidhA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karane meM samartha huaa| kAla aura samRddhi donoM dRSTiyoM se isakA vistAra anapekSaNIya hai| eka jIvanta sAhitya vidhA kI prANadhArA ko jisa prakAra kI

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60 dharatI aura mArga kI zrAvazyakatA hotI hai, usakI prApti haribhadra ke pazcAt huI / sazakta rUpa se kathA ne kalA kA rUpa isa lambI avadhi meM grahaNa kiyA / vastu zraura rUpa ke sAmaMjasya pUrNa vidhAna meM kathA ko apanI niSThA vyakta karane kA jo avasara haribhadra ke yuga meM milA thA, kalA ke rUpa meM usakI tadgata pariNati huI aura haribhadra kAlIna kathA sAhitya ke vistAra aura saMbhAra meN| apane sahaja zrAtmabodha meM prANabodha aura santulita zakti kA saMvardhana isI kAla meM huA / kathA yA anya kisI bhI sAhityika vidhA meM kalA kI cetanA kA vinyAsa taba hotA hai, jaba vaha vidhA prapanI svataMtra sattA kA bodha karatI haiM aura tadanurUpa mAnadaMDoM kA vikAsa karatI hai / isa artha meM kalA kA nirUpaNa apanI eka apekSA rakhatA hai, aura vaha apekSA yaha hai ki kalA kA svarUpa grahaNa karane ke lie kisI bhI sAhityika vidhA meM mAtra itivRtta aura sthUladRSTi hI nahIM rahe, balki usameM sUkSmatA, sajagatA, sAmaMjasya, kalpanA, prabhAva, tattva aura vicAra kI dRSTiyAM bhI vikasita hoM / kathA ko vizeSataH kalA kA rUpa grahaNa karane ke lie yaha zrAvazyaka hai ki vaha avyakta rUpa se prabhAvAnviti yA ekatA lAne kA prayAsa kare / yataH isI prabhAva para usakA saba kucha, jaise kathAnaka, uddezya, caritra, darzana, sauMdarya Adi saba kucha nirbhara karatA hai / isa yuga ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM prabhAva kI ekatA lAne kA prayAsa hama yahIM dekha pAte haiN| yaha ekatA taba A sakI hai, jaba kathA ko spaSTataH kaI vargoM meM vibhakta kara likhA gayA hai / isa yuga meM prAkRta kathAeM mukhyataH cAra zreNiyoM meM likhI gaI haiM: 1 - - upadeza kI puSTi aura spaSTI ke lie upadeza dekara kathA kahanA / 2 - - prakhyAyikA - - kathAnaka pradhAna, kathA ke pazcAt upadeza ko vyaMjita yA anumita karanA | 3 -- dhArmika upanyAsa -- prema kathA ko pravAntara kathA ke jAla meM bAMdha kara nAyaka-nAyikA kA milana, sukhamaya jIvana aura anta meM unakA jainadharma meM praveza dikhAnA / 4 -- carita - mahApuruSoM kI jIvanagAthA ko aitiha ya aura kalpanA se raMga kara upasthita karanA / paurANika tathyoM ke sAtha zIlagaThana ke tattvoM kA vizleSaNa evaM mAnava aura mAnavetara prakRtiyoM ke kalAtmaka vivecana / ina cAroM zreNiyoM kI kathAoM ke lie sthApatya ke vividha mAnadaMDa bana, nizcita rUparekhAeM pratiSThita huI / mile-jule aura golamaTola prakAra yA zreNiyoM ke dAyare se kathA kI paridhi simaTa gaI aura nirdhArita paridhAna meM Abaddha ho gaI / kathAkAra ke lie yaha Avazyaka ho gayA ki jaba vaha kathA likhane baiThatA to use isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA par3atA ki vaha jo kathA likha rahA hai, vaha upadeza puSTi pradhAna kathA hai yA AkhyAyikA athavA upanyAsa yA crit| isa satarkatA kA phala yaha huA ki kathAeM apanI-apanI zreNI meM prabhAvAnviti banAe rakhane meM samartha huI / yoM to haribhadra ke yuga meM bhI prAkRta kathAeM alaMkRta zailI meM nibaddha kI gii| kalA kI aneka sUkSmatA aura vizeSatAeM ina kathAoM meM saMbaddha thIM / parantu isa yuga kI kathA meM va vidhya nahIM A pAyA thA / kalA kA pUrNataH sanniveza yahAM huA / haribhadra ne jisa svastha kathA paramparA ko pravAhita kiyA, usakI gati uttarottara bar3hatI gaI / udyotana sari jaise kalAkAra ne haribhadra kA pUrNa anukaraNa kiyA tathA isa vidhA ko pUrNatA pradAna kI / isa yuga kI kathA kI eka anya pravRtti hai, tattva pradhAnatA / kathA meM tattva pratiSThA kA artha hai varNita kathAvastu kI vizeSa prakRti aura usa prakRti kI pUrNa abhivyakti / jisa premAkhyAna paramparA kA Arambha taraMgavatI meM huA, aura jisake vikAsa meM haribhadra aura

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61 kautUhala ne pUrNa sahayoga pradAna kiyA thA, usa prema pravRtti kI gambhIra aura virAT cetanA kA udaghATana haribhadra kI uttarakAlIna kuvalayamAlA meM milatA hai| isa yuga meM janmajanmAntaroM kI lambI zrRMkhalA kI sImA bhI ghaTane lagI aura pratIta jIvanoM kI apekSA vartamAna jIvana vizleSaNa para kathAkAroM kI dRSTi adhika jAne lagI / kathAkoSoM meM vrata aura pUjAvidhAna kI mahattAdyotaka kathAeM likhI gaI, jinakA uddezya janatA meM vrata aura cAritrya kA prasAra karanA thA / dhanezvara, jinezvara, lakSmaNagaNi, mahezvarasari aura nemicandra sUri ne jIvana aura jagata ke vaividhya ko kathA meM varNita kiyA / kathA tatva kI dRSTi se yaha pravRtti pUrNataH haribhadra ke pazcAt hI prAkRta kathAoM meM saMvaddhata huI hai| isa yuga kI pramukha kathA kRtiyoM kA paricaya kuvalayamAlA kuvalayamAlA prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA anupama ratna haiM / isake racayitA dAkSiNya cihna udyotana sUri haiN| ye AcArya haribhadrasUri ke ziSya the| inase inhoMne pramANa, nyAya aura dharmAdi viSayoM kI zikSA prApta kI thI / isa kathAkRti kI racanA inhoMne rAjasthAna ke suprasiddha nagara jAbAlipura ( vartamAna jAlora) meM rahate hue vIrabhadra sUri ke banavAye hue RSabhadeva ke caityAlaya meM baiThakara kI hai| isa kathA graMtha kA racanAkAla zaka saMvat 700 meM eka dina kama batAyA gayA hai ' / 1 kathAvastu madhyadeza meM vinItA nAmakI nagarI thii| isa nagarI meM dRr3havarmA nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thA / isakI paTarAnI kA nAma priyaMguzyAmA thA / eka dina rAjA prAsthAna maMDapa meM baiThA huA thA ki pratihArI ne zrAkara nivedana kiyA deva zavara senApati kA putra suSeNa upasthita haiM, zrApake AdezAnusAra mAlava kI vijayakara lauTA hai / rAjA ne use bhItara bhejane kA zrAdeza diyA / suSeNa ne Akara rAjA ko abhivAdana kiyA / rAjA na e use zrAsana diyA aura baiTha jAne para pUchA -- kumAra kuzala hai / kumAra --- mahArAja caraNa-yugala prasAda se isa samaya kuzala haiM / rAjA -- mAlava-yuddha to samApta ho gayA ? suSeNa --- deva kI kRpA se hamArI senA ne mAlava kI senA ko jIta liyA / hamAre saMnikoM ne lUTa meM zatrunoM kI aneka vastunoM ke sAtha eka pAMca varSa kA bAlaka bhI prApta kiyA hai / rAjA ne usa bAlaka ko prAsthAna maMDapa meM bulvaayaa| bAlaka ke apUrva saundarya ko dekhakara rAjA mugdha ho gayA aura bAlaka kA AliMgana kara kahane lagA-- vaha mAtA dhanya haiM, jisane isa prakAra ke sundara aura guNavAn putra ko janma diyA hai / bAlaka apane ko nirAzraya jAnakara rone lagA / use rote dekhakara rAjA ke hRdaya meM mamatA jAgRta huI / usane apanI cAdara ke chora se usake prAMsU poMche tathA parijanoM dvArA jala maMgavAkara usakA muMha dhoyA / rAjA ne maMtriyoM se pUchA -- merI goda meM prAna - ega diNeNUNehiM raiyA varaNhavelAe / 1 - jAvAliuraM aTThAvayaMkuva0, pRSTha 282, ana0 430 /

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para yaha bAlaka kyoM royA ? maMtriyoM ne uttara diyA--svAmina yaha alpavayaska bAlaka mAtApitA vihIna hai, ataH nirAzraya ho jAne ke kAraNa rudana kara rahA hai / rAjA ne bar3e premabhAva se pUchA--kumAra mahendra batAo kyoM ro rahe ho ? mahendra--ApakI goda meM Ane para maiMne socA--indra aura viSNu ke samAna parAkramazAlI rAjA kA putra hone para bhI mujhe zatru kI goda meM jAnA par3a rahA hai / isI bAta ko cintA ke kAraNa merI AMkhoM se AMsU nikala par3e haiN| rAjA dRr3havarmA ne kahA--kumAra mahendra bar3A buddhimAna pratIta hotA hai / isa choTI-sI pAyu meM itanI adhika caturAI hai| __ maMtriyoM ne kahA--prabho ! jisa prakAra dhuMdhacI ke samAna eka choTA-sA agnikaNa bhI bar3e-bar3e nagara aura gA~voM ko jalAkara bhasma kara detA hai, usI prakAra tejasviyoM ke putra laghuvayaska hone para bhI tejasvI hI hote haiN| kyA sarpa kA choTA-sA baccA viSailA nahIM hotA? . rAjA ne kumAra mahendra ko sAntvanA dete hue kahA--kumAra maiM tumheM apanA putra mAnatA hUM / tuma nirbhaya hokara raho / yaha rAjya aba tumhArA hai / yaha kahakara apane gale kA ratnahAra use pahanA diyaa| isI samaya antaHpura se mahattarikA prAI aura usane rAjA ke dAhine kAna meM kucha kahA / rAjA kucha samaya ke uparAnta priyaMga zyAmA ke vAsa bhavana meM gayA / putra na hone dAsa pAkara usane aneka prakAra se smjhaayaa| maMtriyoM ke parAmarzAnasAra usane rAjyazrI bhagavatI kI upAsanA kI aura devI ne use putra prApti kA varadAna diyaa| priyaMguzyAmA ne rAtri ke antima prahara meM svapna meM jyotsnA paripUrNa niSkalaMka pUrNa candra ko kuvalayamAlA se AcchAdita dekhaa| prAtaHkAla hone para rAjA ne daivajJa ko bulAkara usa svapna kA phala pUchA / daivajJa ne svapna-zAstra ke AdhAra para kahA--candramA ke svapna darzana se rAnI ko atyanta sundara putra utpanna hogaa| kuvalayamAlA se prAcchAdita rahane ke kAraNa isakI priyatamA kuvalayamAlA hogii| samaya pAkara rAnI ne putra prasava kiyA aura putra kA nAma kuvalayacandra rakhA gayA / zrIdevI ke AzIrvAda se utpanna hone ke kAraNa isa kumAra kA dUsarA nAma zrIdatta bhI thaa| kumAra kuvalayacandra ko vidyAraMbha karAyA gyaa| thor3e hI samaya meM isane sabhI vidyAoM kalAoM meM pravINatA prApta kara lii| eka dina samadra kallola nAmakA azva kumAra kuvalayacandra ko bhagAkara jaMgala kI ora le calA, mArga meM acAnaka hI kisI ne adRzyarUpa meM ghor3e para cha rI kA prahAra kiyaa| ghor3A bhUmi para Dhera ho gayA / kumAra kuvalayacandra socane lagA--ghor3A mujhe kyoM bhagAkara lAyA aura kisane isa para prahAra kiyA hai ? isI samaya AkAzavANI huI ki dakSiNa dizA kI ora jAiye, vahAM Apako apUrva vastu dikhalAI pdd'egii| AkAzavANI ke anusAra prAzcaryacakita kumAra dakSiNa dizA kI ora calA to use ghora vindhyATavI milii| thor3I dUra aura calane ke bAda isa aTavI meM use eka vizAla vaTavRkSa dikhalAyI pdd'aa| isa vRkSa ke nIce eka sAdhu dhyAnamagna thA aura sAdhu ke dAhinI ora eka siMha baiThA huA thA, jo atyanta zAMta aura gaMbhIra thA / muni ne gaMbhIra zabdoM meM kumAra kA svAgata kiyA / kumAra ne azvApaharaNa aura prAkAzavANI kA rahasya muni se pUchA / munirAja kahane lage-- vatsanAma ke deza meM kauzAmbI nAma kI sundara nagarI hai / isameM purandaradatta nAmakA rAjA zAsana karatA thaa| isakA vAsava nAma kA pradhAna maMtrI thA / eka dina udyAnapAla

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hAtha meM pAmramaMjarI lekara AyA aura usane vAsatra maMtrI ko sUcita kiyA ki vasanta kA prAgamana ho gayA hai / udyAna meM eka prAcArya bhI apane ziSyoM sahita padhAre hai| maMtrI ne udyAnapAla ko pacAsa hajAra svarNa mudrAeM dekara kahA--tuma abhI prAcArya ke padhArane kI bAta ko gapta rakho, jisase vasantotsava sampanna ho ske| rAjA ne udyAna meM jAkara dharmAnanda prAcArya kA ziSyoM sahita darzana kiyA / rAjA ne manirAja se unakI virakti kA kAraNa pUchA / manirAja ne saMsAra daHkhoM kA varNana karate hue krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha ke kAraNa saMsAra paribhramaNa karane vAle caNDasoma, mAnabhaTa, mAyAditya, lobhadeva aura mohadata ke janma-janmAntaroM ke prAkhyAna nirUpita kiye| munirAja ne batAyA ki pravrajyA grahaNa kara ina pAMcoM ne saMyama kA pAlana kiyaa| vahAM se maraNa kara ye saudharma kalpa meM utpanna hue / inhoMne vahAM para prApasa meM eka dUsare ko sambodhita karane kI pratijJA kI thii| isa samaya ina vaNika putra, dUsarA rAjaputra, tIsarA siMha, cauthA kuvalayamAlA aura pAMcavAM kuvalayacandra ke rUpa meM utpanna huA hai| - kuvalayamAlA kA nAma sunate hI kumAra ne munirAja se pUchA--prabho ! yaha kauna hai ? aura ise kisa prakAra sambodhita kiyA jAyagA ? manirAja ne batAyA--dakSiNApatha meM vijayA nAma kI nagarI hai| isameM vijayasena nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA hai / isako bhArga kA nAma bhAnumatI hai| bahuta dinoM ke uparAnta isako kuvalayamAlA nAmakI putrI utpanna huI hai| yaha kanyA samasta puruSoM se vidveSa karatI hai. kisI puruSa kA muMha bhI nahIM dekhanA caahtii| isake vayaska hone para rAjA ne eka munirAja se isake vivAha ke sambandha meM pUchA--munirAja ne batAyA ki isakA vivAha vinItA--ayodhyA nagarI ke rAjA da varmA ke putra kuvalayacandra ke sAtha hogaa| vaha svayaM hI yahAM AyegA aura samasyA pUtti dvArA kumArI kA anuraMjana karegA / munirAja ne apanI bAta ko Age bar3hAte hue kahA--tumhAre ghor3e ko bhI yahAM tumheM sambodhita karane ke lie lAyA gayA hai aura mAyAvI DhaMga se use mRta dikhalAyA gayA hai| kSaNa ko mAra vijayA nagarI kA cala jaao| kumAra kuvalayacandra vahAM pahuMcA aura samasyA pUti dvArA kumArI ko anurakta kiyA / idhara kumAra mahendra bhI kuvalayacandra kI talAza karatA huA vahAM pahuMcA aura usane kuvalayacandra kA paricaya rAjA ko diyaa| vivAha hone ke uparAnta pati-patnI bahuta samaya taka prAnandapUrvaka manovinoda karate rhe| anta meM ve AtmakalyANa meM pravRtta hue| AlocanA yaha dharmakathA hote hue bhI sarasa prema kathA hai / isameM pradhAna rUpa se krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha ina pAMcoM vikAroM kA pariNAma pradarzita karane ke lie aneka avAntara kathAoM kA gumphana kiyA gayA hai| pate ke bhItara pate vAle kadalI stambha ke samAna kathAjAla kA saMghaTana kiyA gayA hai / kathAnaka kA jitanA vistAra hai, usase kahIM adhika varNanoM kA bAhulya hai, para kathAvastu ke vikAsa meM kisI taraha kI rukAvaTa nahIM Ane pAyI hai / andhavizvAsa, mithyAtva, vitaNDAvAda evaM krodhAdi vikAroM kA vizleSaNa tarkapUrNa dArzanika zailI meM vartamAna hai| isa kathAkRti meM caritra haribhadra ke samAna varga vizeSa kA hI pratinidhitva karate haiN| caritroM meM vyaktitva kI pratiSThA nahIM ho pAyI hai / isake abhijAtyavarga ke caritroM meM pUrA udAttIkaraNa upalabdha hai, jabaki haribhadra ke zavara aura cAMDAloM ke caritra bhI udAtta evaM anukaraNIya hai|

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isameM sandeha nahIM ki isa kRti meM haribhadra kI apekSA kAvyAtmakatA adhika hai| kAvyAtmaka saMketa prAraMbha se hI upalabdha hone lagate haiN| lUTa meM kumAra mahendra kA prApta honA rAjA dRr3havarmA ko putra prApti kA saMketa karatA hai| itanA hone para bhI mUla kathA meM avAntara kathAoM kI saMghaTanA, unake pArasparika sambandha evaM caritroM ke vizleSaNa krama ke lie udyotana sUri apane pUrvavartI prAkRta kathAkAroM ke prAbhArI haiM / kathA kI dRSTi se isa kRti meM nimna pramukha vizeSatAeM pAyI jAtI haiM:-- (1) kathAvastu ke vikAsa meM kathAnakoM kA camatkArapUrNa yoga / (2) manoraMjana ke sAtha upadeza tattva kI yojanA aura lakSya kI dRSTi se prAdhAnta ekruuptaa| (3) mUlavRttiyoM--krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha ke zodhana, mArjana aura vilayana ke aneka rUpa / (4) kathAnaka kA AdhAra, Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA, kathAvastu ke vikAsa meM janma janmAntara ke saMskAroM kA eka sabana jAla, vibhinna kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga evaM pAtra vaividhya / (5) saMvAdoM ko prabhAvotpAdakatA tathA alaMkAroM kI sundara yojanA / (6) kathA saMketoM kA sundara sanniveza / (7) kathA ko gatizIla aura camatkArapUrNa banAne ke lie svapna darzana, azvApa haraNa, evaM pUrva janma ke vRttAnta ko sunakara praNayodvodha prabhRti kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga huA hai / / (8) hUNarAja toramAna kI lUTapATa jaise aitihAsika tathyoM kI yojatA / (9) vAgvadagdha aura vyaMgyArthaka kAvya kI chaTA aneka sthaloM para upalabdha hai| (10) samAsAntapadAvalI, naye-naye zabdoM kA prayoga, padavinyAsa kI laya, saMgItAtmaka gati, bhAvataralatA evaM pravAhamaya bhASA kA samAveza / ukta kAvyAtmaka guNa ise kathA kI apekSA zreSThakAvya siddha karate haiN| paizAcI bhASA kA prayoga bhI vartamAna hai / apabhraMza kI prabhAvAvali bhI dRSTigocara hotI (11) caMDasoma, mAnabhaTa, mAyAditya prabhRti nAmakaraNoM meM saMjJAoM ke sAtha pratIka tattva bhI antahita hai| caMDasoma zabda paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa kA vizadIkaraNa hI nahIM karatA, apitu krodha kA pratIka hai / isa pratIka dvArA kRtikAra ne krodha kI bhISaNatA ko kahA nahIM hai, balki gyarUpa meM upasthita kara diyA hai / isI prakAra mAnabhaTa mAna kA, mAyAditya mAyA kA, lobhadeva lobha kA evaM mohadatta moha kA pratIka hai| (12) janma-janmAntara ke saMskAroM kA jAla pUrva ke kathAkAroM ke samAna apanAyA hai, para saMyoga yA cAnsatatva meM kutahala kA mizraNa kara kathA pravAha meM sarasatA utpanna kI hai / (13) viSaya aura kathAvistAra kI dRSTi se yaha kRti samudra hai / uttama kathAtattva kAvyatattva ko camatkRta karatA hai / (14) jo jANai desIyo bhAsAmo lakkhaNAiM dhAU ya / vaya-Naya-gAhA-cheyaM kuMvalayamAlaMpi so par3hau / ' 1--kuva0, pRSTha 281, anu0 426 /

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65 caupanna - mahApUrisa - cariyaM jaina sAhitya meM mahApuruSoM kI mAnyatA ke sambandha meM do vicAra dhArAeM upalabdha hotI haiM-- eka prativAsudevoM kI vAsudevoM ke sAtha gaNanAkara 54 ilAkA puruSa mAnatI hai aura dUsarI prativAsudevoM kI gaNanA svataMtrarUpa se mAnakara 63 zlAkA puruSa / prastuta carita graMtha vizAlakAya hai / isameM carita zailI meM 54 ilAkA puruSoM ke jIvana-sUtra grathita kiye gaye haiM / isa carita graMtha ke racayitA zrI zIlaMkAcArya haiM / ye nivRtikulIna mAnavara ke ziSya the / inake dUsare nAma zIlAcArya aura vimalamati bhI upalabdha hote haiM / AcArya pada prApta karane ke pUrva evaM usake pazcAt graMthakAra kA nAma kramazaH vimalamati aura zIlAcArya rahA hogA / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki zIlAMka granthakAra kA upanAma hai / isa grantha ke anta meM jo prazasti upalabdha hai, usase bhI inake samaya para koI prakAza nahIM par3atA hai / para vidvAnoM ne aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para isakA racanAkAla I0 san 868 nirdhArita kiyA hai / isa kathA grantha meM RSabhadeva, bharata cakravartI, zAMtinAtha, mallisvAmi aura pArzvanAtha ke carita paryApta vistArapUrvaka varNita haiM / ina prAkhyAnoM meM kathAnAyakoM ke pUrvabhava evaM avAntara kathAoM kA saMyojana kara inheM paryApta sarasa banAyA gayA hai / sumatinAtha, sagara cakravartI, sanatkumAra cakravartI, subhaumacakravartI, ariSTanemi, kRSNa, baladeva, brahmadatta cakravartI aura vardhamAna svAmI ke caritoM meM vividha prasaMgoM ke zrAkhyAnoM kA mizraNa kiyA gayA haiM / ataH ye AkhyAna kathA sAhitya kI dRSTi se sarasa haiM aura inameM kathAtattva bhI pAyA jAtA hai / anya carita saMkSepa meM likhe gaye haiM / kathAtattvoM kA vistAra inameM nahIM ho pAyA hai / isa grantha meM pradhAna rUpa se zubha-azubha karmabandha ke pariNAmoM kA digdarzana karAne ke lie carita likhe gaye haiM / samarAiccakahA aura kuvalayamAlA ke samAna isa kRti ke ghaTanA taMtra meM janma-janmAntara ke saMskAroM, nidAna, vikAroM ke prabhAva evaM saMsAra viSayaka AsaktiyoM ke vizleSaNa zrAkhyAnoM dvArA kiye gaye haiM / varuNavarma kathAnaka aura municakra kathAnaka meM saMsAra zrAkarSaNa ke kendra, nArI kI nindA evaM usake vizvAsaghAta kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vijayAcArya kathAnaka para samarAiccakahA kA pUrA prabhAva dikhalAI par3atA hai / varNanazailI aura vastu nirUpaNa kI paramparA prAyaH samAna hai / yoM to lekhaka ne apane isa carita graMtha kI racanA karane ke lie apane se pUrvavartI sAhitya se strota grahaNa kiye haiM, para to bhI usane caritoM meM aneka tathya apanI ora se jor3a diye haiM / prasaMgavaza varNanoM meM sAMskRtika sAmagrI bhI pracura parimANa meM upalabdha hai / yuddha, vivAha, janma evaM utsavoM ke varNana prasaMga meM aneka bAteM isa prakAra kI AI haiM, jinameM tatkAlIna prathAoM aura rIti-razmoM kA paryApta nirdeza varttamAna hai / citrakalA, saMgItakalA evaM puSpamAlA ke gucchoM meM haMsa, mRga, mayUra, sArasa evaM kokila Adi kI prAkRtiyoM kA gumphana kiye jAne kA nirdeza hai / " caritroM meM udAtta tattva upalabdha hai / parisaMvAdoM meM aneka naMtika tathyoM kA sanniveza huA hai / udAharaNa ke lie eka saMvAda uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai- dhana sArthavAha ke eka pradhAna karmacArI se eka vaNika IrSyAviza pUchatA hai ki tumhAre sArthavAha ke pAsa kitanA dhana hai ? usameM kauna-kauna guNa haiM ? vaha kyA de sakatA hai ? 1-- kusumakaraMDayAo haMsa miya- mayUra - sArasa- koila kalarUva paviNNalapariyappiyaM sayalakusumasAmiddha samiddhaM- - cau0 ma0, pRSTha 211 / 5--22 eDa0

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isa prazna ke uttara meM maNibhadra apane seTha kA paricaya dete hue kahatA hai ki hamAre svAmI meM eka hI vastu hai aura vaha hai viveka-bhAva aura jo eka vastu nahIM hai, vaha hai anaadr| athavA do vastueM hai--paropakAritA tathA dharma kI abhilASA, jo do vastueM nahIM haiM, ve hai ahaMkAra aura kusaMgati / athavA tIna vastueM unameM haiM aura tIna nahIM haiN| unameM kula, zIla evaM rUpa haiM, jabaki dUsare ko nIcA dikhAnA, uddhattatA aura paradArAgAmitva nahIM hai| athavA unameM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ye cAra vastueM haiM aura phala kI abhilASA, bar3Apana kI bhAvanA, viSayAndhatA evaM duHkhI ko kaSTa pahuMcAnA ye cAra bAta nahIM hai| athavA unameM jJAna, vijJAna, kRtajJatA aura AzritoM kA poSaNa ye pAMca bAteM pAyI jAtI haiM evaM durAgraha, asaMyama, dInatA, anucita vyaya aura karkaza bhASA ye pAMca bAteM nahIM pAyI jAtI hai| isa prakAra rtAlApoM dvArA naitika tathyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / yadyapi isa prakAra ke vArtAlApa kathAvastu ke vikAsa meM gatyavarodha utpanna karate haiM, to bhI inase saMskRti ke sUkSma tathyoM ko vyaMjanA ho jAtI hai / bhASA kI dRSTi se isa kRti meM udvattasvaroM ke sandhi-lopata, zruti-bhedAdi-prayoga, samasaMskRta prayoga, siddhasaMskRta prayoga, vibhaktivyatyaya, vibhaktilopa aura varNavyatyaya prAdi aneka mahatvapUrNa prayoga upalabdha haiM / chanda kA mela baiThAne ke lie jahAM-tahAM dIrgha svara yA ha.sva svara aura ha.sva kA dIrgha svara bhI milatA hai / "vesAhiyA jaisiya keNaI aladdha jjha, juvai cariu jaisiya aikuDilamagga" --Adi meM apabhraMza bhASA bhI milatI hai| carcarI gIta, kAlanivedaka gIta aura prahelikA meM prAyaH bhASA ko pravRtti pramabhraMza ko ora hai / ataH isa kRti kI bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI adhika upayogitA hai / surasundarI-cariyaM isa mahatvapUrNa prAkRta kathAkRti ke racayitA dhanezvara sUri hai| inhoMne isa graMtha ke aMta meM dI huI prazasti meM batalAyA hai ki mahAvIra svAmo ke ziSya sudharma svAmI, sudharma svAmI ke ziSya jambU svAmI, unake ziSya prabhava svAmo, prabhava svAmI ke ziSya vajAsvAmI, inake ziSya jinezvara sUri, jinezvara sUri ke ziSya allakopAdhyAya (udyotana sUri), inake vardhamAna sUri aura vardhamAna sUri ke do ziSya hue--jinezvara sUri aura buddhisAgara sUri / yahI jinezvara sUri dhanezvara sUri ke guru the| ina jinezvara sUri ne lIlAvatI nAma kI premakathA likhI hai| dhanezvara nAma ke kaI sUri hue hai / ye kisa gaccha ke the isa sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| prazasti se itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki isa graMtha ko racanA caDDAvali (candrAvato) sthAna meM vi0 saM0 1065 meM bhAdrapada kRSNa dvitIyA guruvAra ko dhaniSThA nakSatra meM ko gayo hai / 1... bhaNiyo ya te Na mANibhaddo jahA aho baddamuha kiM tumha satthavAhassa atthajAyamasthi ? ke risA vA guNA? ki pabhUyaM vittaM, ki vA dAuM samattho ? tti / ....... iha amha sAmiyassa ekkaM ceva atthi vive ittaNaM, ekkaM ca Natthi aNAyAro / . . . . . . . . cau0, pR0 11 / 2. -cau0, pRSTha 138-136 / 3-caDDAvali-puri-Thio sa-guruNo ANAe pADhaMtarA / kAsI vikkama-vaccharammi ya gae bANa kaM-sannoDape / mAse bha6 ya gurummi kasiNo bIyA-ghaNiTThAdiNe ||---su0 ca0, solahavAM pariccheda, gA0 250-51 /

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paricaya aura samIkSA isa kRti meM 16 pariccheda haiM aura kula 4,001 gAthAeM haiM / isa premakathA kI gaThana bar3I kuzalatA se kI gayI haiM / mUlakathA ke sAtha prAsaMgika kathAoM kA gumphana ghaTanA parikalana ke kauzala kA dyotaka hai / paristhiti vizeSa meM mAnasika sthitiyoM kA citraNa, vAtAvaraNa kI sundara sRSTi, caritroM kA manovaijJAnika vikAsa, rAga-dveSa rUpa vRttiyoM ke mUla saMgharSa evaM vyakti ke vibhinna rUpoM kA udghATana isa kRti ke aupanyAsika guNa haiM | prasiddha aMgrejI upanyAsakAra hainarI jemsa ne kahA hai -- upanyAsa ko satA kA ekamAtra kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha jIvana ko citrita karane kA prayatna karatA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki isa kRti meM jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM ke citraNa ke sAtha prema, virAga aura pArasparika sahayogoM kA pUrNatayA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / saMsAra ke samasta vyApAra aura pravRttiyoM meM kAmanA ke bIja vartamAna haiM, ataH rAga dveSAtmaka vyApAra ke mUla meM bhI prema kA hI astitva rahatA hai / lekhaka ne dhArmika bhAvanA ke sAtha kAma pravRtti kA bhI vizleSaNa kiyA hai / caritroM ke manovaijJAnika vikAsa, vyaktitvoM ke mArmika udghATana evaM vibhinna mAnavIya pravRttiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM lekhaka ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai / bhilloM kI krUratA, kanakaprabha kI vIratA, priyaMgumaMjarI ko jAtismaraNa hone para vihvalatA, surasundarI aura kamalAvatI kA vilApa evaM zatruMjaya aura naravAhana kA yuddha prabhRti kathAnaka kathAvastu ko sarasa hI nahIM banAte, balki usameM gati aura camatkAra bhI utpanna karate haiM / kathA kI bhAvAtmaka sattA kA vistAra mAnava jIvana kI vividha paristhitiyoM taka vyApta hai / mahaccaritra ke virATa utkarSa ko isa kRti meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai / dharma vizeSa ke siddhAMtoM ke nirUpaNa meM kathAtattva kA itanA surakSita rahanA aura prema kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA aMkana karanA tathA aneka rAgavirAgoM ke bIca jIvana ke vividha saMgharSo kA aMkana karanA, isa kRti ke pramukha guNa haiM / avAntara kathAoM ke atirikta adhikArI kathA kA kathAnaka bahuta saMkSipta aura sarala hai / dhanadeva seTha eka divyamaNi kI sahAyatA se citravega nAmaka vidyAdhara ko nAgoM ke pAza se chur3AtA hai / dIrghakAlIna viraha ke pazcAt citraga kA vivAha usako priyatamA ke sAtha hotA hai / vaha surasundarI ko apane prema, viraha aura milana kI AzA-nirAzAmI kathA sunAtA hai / surasundarI kA vivAha bhI makaraketu ke sAtha sampanna ho jAtA hai / anta meM ye donoM dIkSA le lete haiM / antarka yAtroM kA jAla itanA saghana hai ki kathA kI nAyikA kA nAma pahalIbAra gyArahaveM pariccheda meM AtA hai / isa dhArmika upanyAsa kA nAmakaraNa surasundarI -- nAyikA ke nAma para huA hai / isa sundarI nAyikA kA rUpa amRta, padma, suvarNa, kalpalatA aura mandAra puSpoM se saMbhAlA gayA hai / vAstava meM yaha kavi kI manohara sRSTi haiM / lekhaka ne isa nAyikA ke jobana ke donoM pahaluoMoM ko upasthita kiyA hai -- eka ora usakA zRMgArI jIvana aura dUsarI ora virakta jIvana / caritakAvya hone para bhI isa kRti ko upanyAsa ke guNa rahane se kathA mAnanA adhika yuktisaMgata haiM / rasoM ko vividhatA ke bIca zAntarasa kA nirmala zveta jala pravAha apanA pRthak, astitva vyakta kara rahA hai| lATAnuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, upamA, utprekSA, arthAntaranyAsa, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM ke prayoga vargoM ko sarasa banAte haiM / upamA kA ekA udAharaNa darzanIya hai / virahAvasthA ke kAraNa bistara para karavaTa badalate hue aura dorgha nizvAsa chor3akara saMtapta hue puruSa kI upamA bhAr3a meM tUne jAte hue canoM ke sAtha do hai / kavi kahatA hai -- afgargoviya samaNIye kIsa taDaphaDasi - 3 / 148 1--ArTa oNpha dI nAvila, pR0 5 /

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68 isI prakAra koI priyatamA apane pati ke mukhasaundarya ko dekhate hue nahIM aghAtI aura usakI dRSTi usake mukha se haTane meM usI prakAra asamartha hai, jisa prakAra kIcar3a maM phaMsI huI durbala gAya kIcar3a se nikalane meM / eyassa vayaNa-paMkaya paloyaNaM mottu maha imA diTThI / paMka-nivuDDA dubbala gAivva na sakkae gaMtu // isa kathA graMtha meM AyI huI upamAoM ke upamAna prAyaH navIna haiM / eka sthAna para prAyA hai ki rAjaviruddha kArya karane vAlA vyakti pAkazAlA meM prAye hue kharagoza ke samAna rakSA prApta nahIM kara sakatA / ataH isa kathA graMtha para pUrvAcAryoM kI zailI kA RNa bahuta kama haiM / hAM, kautUhala kavi kI lIlAvatI ke samAna premAkhyAnoM kI utthAnikAeM avazya AraMbha hotI haiM, para AkhyAnoM kI gaThana svataMtrarUpa meM hI huI hai / sUryodaya, vasanta, vana, sarovara, nagara, rAjasabhA, yuddha, vivAha, viraha, samudrataTa, udyAnakrIr3A evaM grAmoM kA sundara varNana AyA hai / isa varNana ke avalokana se avagata hotA hai ki lekhaka ne isa kathAkRti ko kAvya banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / isakI zailI aura rUpa. kRti meM pUrvakathA-kRtiyoM kI apekSA nimna bhinnatAeM haiM -- 1. kathA kI apekSA mahAkAvya kI zailI aura vastu cayana / 2 jIvana ke virATa rUpa kA sAMsArika saMgharSa ke bIca pradarzana / 3. jIvana ke vyApaka prabhAvoM kA pAtroM ke jIvana meM aMkana / 4. kathA kA prAraMbha antarkathAoM se hokara bahuta dUra jAne para mUlakathA se usake sUtra kA saMyojana / 5. kathA ke rUpAyana meM navIna prayoga / 6. aneka rUpAtmaka saMvedanAoM ka ekatra pradarzana / 7. eka hI kathAkendra kI paridhi meM vividha kathAnakoM kA mArmika niyojana / 8. rAgAtmaka bubhukSA kI paritRpti ke lie svataMtra kalpanA kA prayoga / 6. kathAraMbha karane kI naI praNAlI kA zrIgaNeza / nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA isa kathA graMtha ko jinezvara sUri ne prazApallI meM vi0 saM0 2082 aura 1065 madhya meM likhA hai / yaha samasta graMtha prAkRta padyoM meM likhA gayA hai / mUlakRti abhItaka anupalabdha hai, para isakA sArarUpa saMskRta bhASA meM jinaratna sUri kRta prApya hai / krodha, bhAva Adi vikAroM ke sAtha hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, vyabhicAra aura parigraha-saMcaya Adi pApoM kA phala janma-janmAntara taka bhoganA par3atA hai, kA vivecana isa kathA graMtha meM kiyA gayA ha~ / kathA vastu aura samIkSA rAjagRha nagarI meM siharAja nAmakA rAjA apanI lIlAvatI rAnI sahita zAsana karatA thA / isa rAjA kA mitra jinadatta zrAvaka thA / isake saMsarga se rAjA jainadharma kA zraddhAlu ho jAtA hai / kisI samaya jinadatta ke guru samarasena rAjagRha nagarI meM zrAye / jinadatta sAtha rAjA aura rAnI bhI munirAja kA upadeza sunane ke lie gaye / rAjA na zrAcArya ke apratima saundarya aura pragAdha pANDitya ko dekha zrAzcarya cakita ho unase unakA bRttAnta pUchA

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prAcArya kahane lage--vatsadeza ko kauzAmbI nArI meM vijayasena nAmaka rAjA, jayazAsana maMtrI, sara parohita, purandara zreSThI, evaM dhana sArthavAha ye pAMcoM mitratAparvaka rahate the| kisI samaya sudharma nAmake prAcArya usa nagarI meM pdhaare| ina prAcArya ke darzana ke lie ye pAMcoM hI vyakti gaye aura inhoMne vahAM prAcArya kA upadeza sunA / AcArya ne pAMca pApoM kA phala prApta karane vAle vyaktiyoM kI kathAeM sunaaii| hiMsA aura krodha ke / udAharaNa ke lie rAmadeva nAmaka rAjaputra kI kathA, asatya aura mAna ke udAharaNa svarUpa sulakSaNa nAmaka / putra kI kathA, cora. aura kapaTa ke udAharaNa meM vasudeva nAmaka vaNika putra kI kathA, kuzIla sevana aura moha ke udAharaNa meM vajasiMha rAjakumAra kI kathA evaM parigraha aura lobha ke dRSTAnta meM kanakaratha rAjaputra kI kathA kahI / sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra indriyoM ke vipAka varNana meM ukta pAMcoM vyaktiyoM ke pUrvabhava kI kathAeM btlaayiiN| kathAmaya isa dharmopadeza ko sunakara ve pAcoM hI virakta hue aura sudharma svAmI ke sammukha dIkSita ho gaye / inhoMne ghora tapazcaraNa kiyaa| phalataH AyukSaya ke uparAnta ye pAMcoM saudharma svarga meM deva hue| ye vahAM se cyuta ho bharatakSetra ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM utpanna hue| rasanendriya ke vipAka varNana meM jisa jayazAsana maMtrI kI kathA kahI gayI hai, usakA jIva malayadeza ke kuzAvartapura meM rAjA jayazekhara ke yahAM putra huA aura isakA nAma samarasena rakhA gayA / yaha samarasena AkheTa kA bar3A premI thA / sadaiva mRgayAsakta hokara prANihiMsA meM pravRtta rahatA thaa| usakA pUrvabhava kA mitra sUra purohita kA jIva, jo deva gati meM vidyamAna thA, Akara use sambodhita karatA hai / yaha pratibuddha ho dharmanandana guru se dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai| ___kathA kA mUla nAyaka siMharAja kauzAmbI ke vijayasena rAjA kA jIva hai aura rAnI lIlAvatI kapaTa aura ca rI ke udAharaNa meM varNita vaNika putra vasudeva kA jIva hai| pUrvabhava ke mitra bhAva ko lakSyakara jayazAsana maMtrI kA jIva samarasena sUri inheM sambodhita karane pAyA hai / sUri ke upadeza se pratibaddha hokara siMharAja aura rAnI lIlAvatI ye donoM vyakti bhI dIkSA dhAraNa kara tapazcaraNa karate haiM / anta meM ye sabhI nirvANa prApta karate haiN| isa prakAra dasa vyaktiyoM ke janma-janmAntaroM ke kathAjAla se isakI kathAvastu gaThita kI gayI hai| - isa dharmakathA meM kathApana vidyamAna hai / kautUhala guNa sarvatra hai| krodhI, mAnI, mAyAvI aura lobhI jIvoM ke svAbhAvika citra upasthita kiye gaye haiN| prAsaMgika sthaloM ko paryApta rocaka banAyA gayA hai / kathA ke marmasthaloM kA upayoga siddhAMtoM ke prAdyanta nirvAha meM kiyA gayA hai / nIrasatA aura ekarUpatA se bacane ke lie kathAkAra ne dRSTAnta aura udAharaNoM kA acchA saMkalana kiyA hai| isa kathA graMtha kI zailI aura kathAtaMtra meM koI navInatA nahIM hai / pUrvavartI prAcAryoM kathA jAla kA anukaraNa kiyA hai / yadyapi udAharaNa-kathAoM meM AI haI adhikAMza kathAeM navIna hai| ghaTanAeM sIdhI sarala rekhA meM calatI hai| unameM ghumAva yA usa prakAra ke camatkAra kA abhAva hai, jo pAThaka ke ma kA sparza kara use kucha kSaNoM ke lie socane kA avasara detA hai / kucha sthAnoM meM kathAtattva kI apekSA upadezatattva hI pradhAna ho gayA hai / ataH sAdhAraNa pAThaka ko isameM nIrasatA kI gandha pA sakatI hai / kathAkoSa prakaraNa isa kRti ke racayitA jinezvara sUri haiN| yaha navIna yuga-saMsthApaka mAne jAte hai| inhoMne caityavAsiyoM ke viruddha Andolana prAraMbha kiyA aura tyAgI tathA gRhastha donoM prakAra

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ke samahoM meM naye prakAra ke saMgaThana kiye| caityoM kI saMpatti aura saMrakSaNa ke adhikArI bane zithilAcArI yatioM ko prAcAra pravaNa aura bhramaNazIla bnaayaa| isa satya se koI iMkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai ki 11vIM zatAbdI ke zvetAmbara sampradAya ke yatiyoM meM navIna sphUti aura naI cetanA utpanna karane kA kArya pramukha rUpa se jinezvara sUri ne kiyA hai| jinadatta sUri ne sugurupArataMtryastavaM meM jinezvara sUri ke sambandha meM tIna gAyAeM likhI hai| puro dullahamahivallahassa avahillavADae papaDaM / mukkA viyAriUgaM soheNA daligigayA // sugu pArataMtryastava gA0 10 spaSTa hai ki gujarAta ke ahilavADa ke rAjA durlabha rAja ko sabhA meM nAmadhArI prAcAryoM ke sAtha jinezvara sUri ne vAda-vivAda kara, unakA parAjaya kiyA aura vahAM vasativAsa kI sthApanA kii| jinezvara sUri ke bhAI kA nAma buddhisAgara thaa| ye madhyadeza ke nivAsI aura jAti ke brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma kRSNa thaa| una donoM bhAiyoM ke mUla nAma kramazaH zrIdhara aura zrIpati the| ye donoM bhAI bar3e pratibhAzAlI aura vidvAn the| ye dhArA nagarI ke seTha lakSmIpati kI preraNA se varddhamAna sUri ke ziSya hue the| dIkSA ke uparAnta zrIdhara kA nAma jinezvara sUri aura zrIpati kA nAma buddhisAgara rakhA gyaa| jinezvara sUri ne jainadharma kA khUba pracAra aura prasAra kiyaa| inake dvArA racita nimna pAMca graMtha hai:-- (1) pramAlakSma, (2) nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA, (3) SaTsthAnaka prakaraNa, (4) __ paMliMgI prakaraNa aura (5) kathAkoSa prakaraNa / prastuta graMtha kathAkoSa prakaraNa kI racanA vi0 saM0 1108, mArgazIrSa kRSNa paMcamI, ravivAra ko samApta huI hai / apane guru varddhamAna sUri kA ullekha bhI isa graMya ke anta meM kiyA hai / paricaya aura samIkSA isa graMtha meM mUla 30 thAeM haiN| ina gAthAoM meM jina kayAtroM kA nAma nirdiSTa hai, unakA vistAra vRtti meM kiyA gayA hai / vRtti meM mukhya kathAeM 36 aura avAntara kathAeM 4-5 hai| ina kathAoM meM bahuta-sI kathAeM purAne graMthoM meM bhI milatI hai, para itanI bAta avazya hai ki ve kathAeM naI zailI meM naye DhaMga se likhI gayI haiN| isa kRti meM kucha kalpita kathAeM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / lekhaka ne svayaM kahA hai-- jiNasamayapasiddhAI pAyaM cariyAI haMdi eyAI / bhaviyANaNuggahaTThA kAi~ vi parikappiyAI pi // ka0 ko0 gA0 26, pRSTha 176 / 1-dekheM-kathAkoSa prakaraNa kI prastAvanA, pR0 16 / 2-vikkamanivakAlAno----divase prismttN| prazasti gAthA /

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arthAta, bhavya yA bhAvaka janoM ko sakriyA meM pravRtti aura asat se nivRtti karAne ke lie kucha paurANika caritoM ko nibaddha kiyA hai, kintu kucha kathAnaka parikalpita bhI nibaddha kiye gaye haiN| prAraMbha kI sAta kathAnoM meM jina pUjA kA phala, AThavoM meM jina stuti kA phala, nauvIM meM yAvRtya kA phala, dasavIM se paccIsavIM taka dAna kA phala, Age kI tIna kathAoM meM janazAsana kI unnati kA phala, do kathAoM meM sAdhuoM ke doSodbhAvana ke kuphala, eka kathA meM sAdhuoM ke apamAna nivAraNa kA phala, eka meM dharmotsAha kI preraNA kA phala, eka meM dharma ke anadhikArI ko dharmada zanAkA vaiyathyaM sUcaka phala evaM eka kathA meM saddezanA kA mahatva batalAyA gayA hai / isa kathAkoSa ko kucha kathAeM bahuta hI sarasa aura sundara haiM / udAharaNArtha ekApa kathA uddhRta kI jAtI haiN| siMhakumAra ' nAmaka eka rAjakumAra hai, usakA sukumAlikA nAmaka eka bahuta hA sundara aura catura rAjakumArI ke sAtha pANigrahaNa huA hai / donoM meM pragAr3ha sneha hai| rAjakumAra bahata hI dharmAtmA hai| vaha eka dina dharmAcArya kI vandanA karane jAtA hai aura atizaya jJAnI samajhakara unase prazna karatA hai--prabho merI patnI kA mere Upara yoM hI svAbhAvika anurAga hai athavA pUrvajanma kA koI vizeSa bandhana kAraNa hai ? dharmAcArya usake pUrvajanma kI kathA kahate haiM / kauzAmbI nagarI meM sAlivAhana nAmakA rAjA thaa| isakI mahAdevI priyaMvadA nAmako thii| inake jyeSTha putra kA nAma tosalI thA / yaha bar3A rUpavAna, rativilakSaNa evaM yuvarAja pada para AsIna thaa| isI kauzAmbI nagarI meM dhanadatta seTha apanI nandA nAmaka bhAryA aura sundarI nAmaka putrI sahita nivAsa karatA thA / sundarI kA vivAha usI magarI ke nivAsI sAgaradatta seTha ke putra yazavarddhana ke sAtha sampanna huaA thA / yaha bahuta hI kurUpa thA aura sundarI ko bilkula hI pasanda nahIM thA / sundarI bhItara se usase ghRNA karatI kisI samaya yazavardhana vyApAra ke nimitta paradeza jAne lgaa| usane apanI patnI sundarI ko bhI sAtha le jAne kA Agraha kiyA, para atyanta niviNNa rahane ke kAraNa sundarI ne bahAnA banAkara kahA- merA zarIra asvastha hai, peTa meM zUla uThatA hai, nidrA bhI nahIM AtI hai, ataH isa asamartha avasthA meM prApake sAtha merA calanA anucita jaba sAgaradatta ko yaha bAta mAlUma huI to usane apane putra ko samajhAyA- beTA, jaba bahU kI jAne kI icchA nahIM hai to use yahIM chor3a jAnA jyAdA acchA hai / yazavarddhana vyApAra ke lie calA gayA aura sAgaradatta ne sundarI ke rahane kI vyavasthA bhavana kI tIsarI maMjila para kara dI / eka dina vaha darpaNa hAtha meM lie hue prAsAda ke jharokhe meM baiThakara apane keza saMvAra rahI thii| itane meM rAjakumAra tosalI apane katipaya snehI mitroM ke sAtha usI rAste se nikalA / donoM kI dRSTi eka huI / sundarI ko dekhakara rAjakumAra ne nimna gAthA par3hI :-- aNurUvaguNaM aNurUvajonvaNaM mANusaM na jassatthi / ki taNa jiyaMtaNaM pi mAmi navaraM mano eso // ka0 ko0, pRSTha 48 --kathAkoSa prakaraNa, pRSTha 36-50 /

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arthAta--jisa strI ke anurUpa guNa aura anurUpa yauvana vAlA puruSa nahIM hai, usake jIvita rahane se kyA lAbha ? use to mRtaka hI samajhanA cAhiye / sundarI ne uttara diyA-- pari jiu na yANai lAMccha pattaM pi puNNaparihINo / vikkamarasA hu purisA bhuMjaMti paresu lacchIo // vahI, pRSTha 48 puNyahIna vyakti lakSmI kA upabhoga karanA nahIM jAnatA / sAhasI puruSa hI parAI lakSmI kA upabhoga kara sakatA hai / rAjakumAra tosalI sundarI kA abhiprAya samajha gayA / vaha eka dina rAtri ke samaya gavAkSa meM se car3hakara usake bhavana meM pahu~cA aura usane pIche se Akara usa sundarI kI prAMkheM banda kara lii| sundarI ne kahA-- mama hiyayaM hariUNaM gosi re ki na jaNioM taM si / saccaM acchinimIlaNa miseNa aMdhArayaM kuNasi // tA bAhulayApAsaM dalAmi kaMThammi ajja nibhaMtaM / sumarasu ya iTThadevaM payaDasu purisataNaM ahavA // ka0 koSa pRSTha 48 kyA nahIM jAnatA ki tU mere hRdaya ko curAkara le gayA hai aura aba merI aAMkheM mIMcane ke bahAne tU sacamuca aMdherA kara rahA hai| Aja maiM apane bAhupAza ko tere kaMTha meM DAla rahI huuN| tU apane iSTadeva kA smaraNa kara yA phira apane puruSArtha kA pradarzana kr| sundarI aura kugAra tosalI bahuta dinoM taka Anandopabhoga karane ke uparAnta ve donoM vahAM se dUsare nagara meM cale gaye aura pati-patnI ke rUpa meM donoM rahane lge| ye donoM dampatti dAnI, mandakaSAyI aura dharmAtmA the / inhoMne bhaktibhAvapUrvaka muniyoM ko mAhAradAna diyA, jisase puNya prabhAva ke kAraNa ye donoM jIva siMhakumAra aura sukumAlikA ke rUpa meM utpanna hae haiN| ___ isa kathAkoSa kI anya kathAeM bhI rocaka hai| zAlibhadra ko kathA meM zreSThI vaibhava kA bar3A hI sundara varNana pAyA hai / anya kathAnoM meM bhI vastu citraNa ke atirikta mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA sUkSma vizleSaNa pAyA jAtA hai / mUla kathAvastu ke aAkarSaka varNanoM ke sAtha prAsaMgi: varNanoM kA Alekhana sajIva aura prabhAvotpAdaka hai / tatkAlIna sAmAjika nIti-rIti, prAcAra-vyavahAra, jana-svabhAva, rAjataMtra evaM Arthika tathA dhArmika saMgaThanoM kA sundara citraNa huA hai / karma ke trikAlAvAdhita niyama ko sarvavyApakatA evaM sarvAnumeyatA siddha karane kI dRSTi se sabhI kathAeM likhI gayI haiN| pratyeka prANI ke vartamAna janma kI ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa usake pahale ke janma kA kRtya hai| isa prakAra prANiyoM kI janma paramparA aura unake sukha-duHkhAdi anabhavoM kA kAryakAraNa bhAva batalAnA tathA unase cha TakArA pAne ke lie vratAcaraNa kA pAlana karanA hI ina kathAoM kA lakSya hai| isa kathAkoSa kI kathAeM prAkRta gadya meM likhI gayI hai / prasaMgavaza prAkRta padyoM ke sAtha saMskRta aura apabhraMza ke padya bhI milate haiN| kathAoM kI bhASA sarala aura subodha hai / vyartha kA zabdADambara aura lambe-lamba samAsoM kA abhAva hai| ___ kathAgaThana kI zailI prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra hI hai / kathAtaMtra bhI karma saMskAroM ke tAne-bAne se bunA gayA hai / kathAnakoM ko mor3eM atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / lekhaka

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73 camatkAra aura kautUhala ko banAye rakhane ke lie prarocana zailI ko apanAyA hai / ina dhArmika kathAoM meM bhI zRMgAra aura nIti kA samAveza vipula parimANa meM huA haiM, jisase kathAoM meM manoraMjaka guNa yatheSTa mAtrA meM vartamAna hai / TIkAyugIna prAkRta kathAoM meM jisa saMkSipta zailI ko apanAyA gayA thA, usI zailI kA pUrNatayA parimArjana ina kathAoMoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / laghu kathAoM meM kathAkAra laghukathAvoM kA samAveza pUrNarUpa se kiyA hai / vAtAvaraNoM ke saMyojana meM kathAkAra ne pUrva kuzalatA kA pradarzana kiyA hai / saMvega raMgazAlA isa kathA graMtha ko racayitA jinezvara sUri ke ziSya jinacandra haiM / inhoMne apane laghu gurubandh zrabhayadeva kI abhyarthanA se isa graMtha kI racanA vi0 sa0 1125 meM kI hai / navAMgavRttikAra prabhayadeva sUri ke ziSya jinaballabha sUri ne isakA saMzodhana kiyA hai / isa kRti meM saMvegabhAva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isameM zAMta rasa pUrNatayA vyApta ha~ / paricaya aura samIkSA saMvegabhAva kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie isa kRti meM aneka kathAoM kA gumphana hunA hai / mukhyarUpa se gautama svAmI mahAsena rAjarSi kI kathA kahate haiM / rAjA saMsAra kA tyAgakara munidIkSA dhAraNa karanA cAhatA hai / isa avasara para rAjA aura rAnI ke bIca saMvAda hotA hai / rAnI apane tarka ke dvArA rAjA ko ghara meM ho bAMdhakara rakhanA cAhatI hai / vaha tapazcaraNa, upasarga aura parISaha kA prAtaMka dikhalAtI hai, para rAjA mahAsena saMsAra bandhana ko tor3a dIkSA dhAraNa kara letA hai / lekhaka ne ArAdhanA ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie mathurAjA aura sukauzala muni ke dRSTAnta upasthita kiye haiN| ArAdhanA ke svarUpa vistAra ke lie cAra mUla dvAra batAye gaye haiM / anantara arhat, liMga, zikSA, vinaya, samAdhi, manozikSA, aniyatavihAra, rAjA aura pariNAma nAma ke dvAroM ko spaSTa karane ka e lie krama se vaMkacUla, kUlavAla, maMgu AcArya, zreNika, mirAjA, vasudatta, sthavirA, kurucandra, aura vajramitra ke kathAnaka diye gaye haiM / jinabhavana, jinavimba, jinapUjA aura pauSadhazAlA Adi dasa sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / kathAnakoM ke rahane para bhI isa kRti meM dArzanika tathyoM kI bahulatA hai / prAcAra aura dharma sambandhI siddhAMtoM kA vivecana lekhaka ne khUba khulakara kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa haiM ki isa kRti meM kathAtmaka parivezoM kA prAyaH abhAva hai / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki upAsanA, ArAdhanA prabhRti ko sArvajanika banAne ka e lie lekhaka na e kathAnakoM ko paurANika zailI meM apanAyA hai / pAtroM ke nAma aura unake kArya to bilkula paurANika haiM hI, para zailI bhI TIkAyugIna kathAoM ke samAna hI hai / itane bar3e graMtha meM prAyaH kathA pravAha yA ghaTanAoM meM tAratamya nahIM A pAyA hai / pAtroM ke caritroM kA vikAsa bhI nahIM huA hai| hAM, pAtroM ke vicAra aura manovRttiyoM kA kaI sthaloM para sUkSma vizleSaNa vidyamAna hai / ...uddezya kI dRSTi se yaha kRti pUrNatayA saphala haiM / lekhaka ne sabhI kathAnakoM aura pAtroM ko eka hI uddezya ke tAga meM bAMdha diyA hai / saMvega kI dhArA sarvatra pravAhita

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dikhalAyI par3atI hai| jisa prakAra miTTI ke bane kacce ghar3e jala ke choTe par3ate hI TUTa jAte hai, usI prakAra saMvega ke zravaNa se sahRdayoM ke hRdaya dravIbhUta ho jAte haiN| saMvegarasa ko prApti ke abhAva meM kAya kleza sahana karanA yA zrutAdhyayana karanA nirarthaka hai / lekhaka ne sabhI pAkhyAnoM aura dRSTAntoM meM ukta uddezya kI ekarUpatA rakhI __ jIvana ke prabhAva, cAritrika durbalatAeM evaM sAMsArika kamiyoM kA nirdeza kathA ke ma se nahIM ho pAyA hai| kayArasa meM bho taralatA ho pAyo jAto hai, gAhAsana nhiiN| sUcya yA sAMketika rUpa meM ghaTanAoM kA na pAnA ho isake kayArUpa meM arocakatA utpanna karatA hai| itanA hone para bhI isa kRti meM jovana ke svastha rUpa kA udghATana paurANika pAtroM dvArA bar3e sundara DhaMga se huA hai| pratyeka dvAra ke pAkhyAna alaga-alaga rahane para bhI saba eka sUtra meM piroye hue haiN| nANapaMcamI kahA isa kathA graMtha ke racayitA mahezvara sUri hai| mahezvara sUri nAma ke pATha prAcArya prasiddha hai| jJAnapaMcamokathA ke racayitA mahezvara sUri ke sambandha meM nimna prazasti upalabdha hai: dopakkhujjoMyakaro dosAsaMgaNa vajjio prabho / sirisajjagaujmAmo auvvacaMduvva akkhattho // sIseNa tassa kahiyA dasa vikahANA ime u paMcamie / sUrimahe saraeNaM bhaviyANa bohaNaThThAe // isase spaSTa hai ki mahezvara sUri sajjana upAdhyAya ke ziSya the / jJAnapaMcamI kathA athavA paMcamI mAhAtmya kI purAnI se purAnI tAr3apatrIya prati vi0 saM0 1106 ko upalabdha hotI hai / ataH jJAnapaMcamI kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1109 se pahale hai| jJAnapaMcamI kathA meM bhaviSyavatta kA prAlyAna mAyA hai / isI prAkhyAna ko bIja mAnakara dhanapAla ne apabhraMza meM-bhavisaya takahA--nAmaka eka sundara kathAgraMtha likhA hai, jo apabhraMza kA mahAkAvya hai / DA0 yAkovI ke anusAra bhavisayatta kahA kI racanA 10vIM zatI ke bAda hI haI hogii| DA0 bhAyANI ne svayambha ke bAda aura he ke pahale dhanapAla kA samaya mAnA hai| zrI gopANIjI ne likhA hai--"bhavisayata kahA-- nA racanAra dhanapAla ne vinTaranitma, yAkobI ne anusAro, digambara jaina zrAvaka kaha cha dharkaTavaMza eja upake za UkezavaMza ane Ukeza eTale prosavAlavaMza evaM paNa kathana jovAmAM Ave che sArAMza e ke vikramanI agoprAramI sadIyAM ke te pahalAMthaI gayelA zvetAmbarAcArya zrI mahezvara sUri viracita prAkRta gAthAmaya paMcamI kathAnA dasamA kathAnaka bhaviSyadatta uparathI IsavI sananI bAramo sadIyAM thayela manAtA dharkaTavaMza vaNika digambara jaina dhanapAle bhavissayattakahA athavA suyapaMcamIkahA apabhrazabhASAmAM racI"5 / 1--jJAna0 paM0 prastAvanA, pRSTha 8-6 / 2--jJAna paM0 101466-467 gA0 3--jJAna paM0 prastAvanA,pRSTha 7-8 4--apabhraza sAhitya, pR.0 65 5-jJAna paM0 prastAvanA, pR0 3

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75 kathAvastu aura samIkSA isa kathAkRti meM zrutapaMcamI vrata kA mAhAtmya batalAne ke lie dasa kathAeM saMkalita haiN| kathAkAra kA vizvAsa hai ki isa vrata ke prabhAva se sabhI prakAra ko sukhasAmagrI prApta hotI hai| isameM jayaseNa kahA. naMdakahA, bhahAkahA, vIrakahA, kamalAkahA, gaNANarAgakahA, vimala kahA, dharaNakahA, devokahA evaM bhavisayatakahA ye dasa kathAeM nibaddha ko gayo hai| samasta kRti meM 2,004 gAthAeM haiN| ukta dasa kathAoM meM se bhavissayatakahA kI saMkSipta kathAvastu dekara isa kRti ke kathAsvarUpa ko upasthita kiyA jAtA hai / karujAMgaladeza ke gajapura nagara meM kaurava vaMzIya bhUpAla nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| isa nagara meM vaibhavazAlI dhanapAla nAmakA vyApArI rahatA thaa| isakI strI kA nAma kamalazrI thaa| isa dampati ke bhaviSyadatta nAmakA putra utpanna huaa|dhnpaal sarUpA nAmaka eka sundarI se vivAha kara letA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa apanI pahalI patnI tathA putra kI upekSA karane lagatA hai| dhanapAla aura sarUpA ke putra kA nAma bandhudatta rakhA jAtA hai| bandhudatta vayaska hokara pAMca sau vyApAriyoM ke sAtha kaMcanadvIpa ko nikala par3atA hai| isa kAphile ko jAte dekha bhaviSyadatta bhI apanI mAM se anumati le, unake sAtha cala detA hai| bhaviSyadatta ko sAtha jAte dekha sarUyA apane putra se kahatI hai--"taha puta' karejja tumaM bhavissadatto jai na eI"-putra aisA karanA jisase bhaviSyadatta jIvita lauTakara na Ave / samudra-yAtrA karate hue ye loga mainAka dvIpa pahuMcate haiM aura bandhudatta dhokhe se bhaviSyadatta ko yahIM chor3a Age bar3ha jAtA hai| bhaviSyadatta idhara-udhara bhaTakatA huA eka ujar3e hue kintu samRddha nagara meM pahuMcatA hai| vaha eka jinAlaya meM jAkara candraprabha bhagavAna kI pUjA karatA hai| jinAlaya ke dvAra para do gAthAeM aMkita hai, unheM par3hakara use eka divya sundarI kA patA lagatA hai| usa sundarI kA nAma bhaviSyAnurUpA hai| usakA vivAha bhaviSyadatta ke sAtha ho jAtA hai| jisa asura ne isa nagara ko ujAr3a diyA thA, vaha asura bhaviSyadatta kA pUrvajanma kA mitra thaa| ataH bhaviSyadatta kI saba prakAra se sahAyatA karatA putra ke lauTane meM vilamba hone se kamalazrI usake kalyANArtha zrutapaMcamI vrata kA anuSThAna karatI hai| idhara bhaviSyadatta sapatnIka pracura sampatti ke sAtha ghara lauTatA hai| mArga meM usakI bandhudatta se punaH bheMTa ho jAtI hai, jo apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha vyApAra meM asaphala ho vipanna dazA meM thaa| bhaviSyadatta usakI sahAyatA karatA hai| prasthAna ke samaya bhaviSyadatta pUjA karane jAtA hai, isI bIca bandhadatta usakI patnI aura pracara dhanarAzi ke sAtha jahAja ko ravAnA kara detA hai / bhaviSa datta vahIM raha jAtA hai| mArga meM jahAja tUphAna meM phaMsa jAtA hai, para jisa-kisI taraha bandhudatta dhanarAzi ke sAtha gajapura pahuMca jAtA hai| vaha bhaviSyAnurUpA ko apanI bhAvI patnI ghoSita karatA hai aura nikaTa bhaviSya meM zIghra hI usake vivAha kI tithi nizcita ho jAtI hai| idhara bhaviSyadatta eka yakSa kI sahAyatA se gajapura pahuMcatA hai| vaha rAjA bhUpAla ke darabAra meM bandhudatta kI zikAyata karatA hai aura pramANa upasthita kara apanI satyatA siddha karatA hai| bhaviSyAnurUpA bhaviSyavatta ko mila jAtI hai| rAjA bhaviSyadatta se prasanna ho jAtA hai aura use prAdhA rAjya dekara apanI kanyA sutArA kA vivAha bhI usake sAtha kara detA hai| bhaviSyadatta donoM patniyoM ke sAtha prAnandapUrvaka samayayApana karatA hai| nirmala buddhi muni se apanI pUrvabhavAvalI 1--nANapaMcamI kahA 10/58

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76 sunakara vaha virakta ho jAtA hai aura pravrajga dhAraNa kara ghora tapazcaraNa karatA hai / vaha zrAyukSama kara sAtaveM svarga meM hemAMgada deva hotA hai / kamalazrI aura bhaviSyAnurUpA bhI maraNa kara deva gati prApta karatI haiM / kathA meM zrAge ko bhavAvalI kA bhI varNana milatA hai / avazeSa nau kathAeM bhI jJAnapaMcamI vrata ke mAhAtmya ke dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM likhI gaI haiN| sabhI kathAtroM kA prArambha, anta zraura zailI prAyaH eka-sI hai jisase kathAoM kI sarasatA kSINa ho gayI hai / eka bAta avazya hai ki lekhaka na bIca-bIca meM sUktiyoM, lokoktiyoM evaM marmasparzI gAthAtroM kI yojanA kara kathApravAha ko pUrNatayA gatizIla banAyA hai / kathAnakoM kI yojanA meM bhI tarkapUrNa buddhi kA upayoga kiyA hai / sat aura asat pravRttiyoM vAle vyaktiyoM ke cAritrika dvandvoM ko bar3e sundara rUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai| bhaviSyadatta aura bandhudatta kamalazrI aura sarUpA do virodhI pravRttiyoM ke puruSa evaM striyoM ke jor3e haiM / kathAkAra ne sarUpA meM sapatnI sulabha IrSyA kA aura kamalazrI meM dayA kA sundara citrAMkana kiyA hai / prathama kathA meM nArI kI bhAvanAoM, ceSTAoM evaM vicAroM kA acchA nirUpaNa huzrA hai / kathAtatva kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kathA sundara hai / dUsarI nandakathA meM nanda kA zIla utkarSa pAThakoM ko mugdha kiye binA nahIM rhegaa| tIsarI bhadrAkathA meM kathA ke tattva to pAye jAte haiM, para caritroM kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA hai / isameM kautUhala aura manoraMjana donoM tattvoM kA samAveza haiM / vIrakahA aura kamalA kahA meM kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM prayukta haiM tathA ate dvandvoM kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| 'guNANurAgakahA' eka Adarza kathA hai / naitika aura AdhyAtmika guNoM ke prati AkRSTa honA mAnavatA hai| jisa vyakti meM udAratA dayA, dAkSiNya zrAdi guNoM kI kamI hai, vaha vyakti mAnava koTi meM nahIM AtA hai / vimala aura dharaNa kahAnoM meM kathA kA pravAha bahuta tIvra hai / laghu kathAeM hone para bhI inameM kathArasa kI nyUnatA nahIM hai / isa kathAkRti kI sabhI kathAoM meM alaukika sattAoM evaM zaktiyoM kA mahatva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa kathAtmaka rocakatA ke rahane para bhI mAnavasiddha sahaja sulabhatA nahIM A pAyI hai| ina samasta kathAoM kI adhikAMza ghaTanAeM purANoM ke pRSThoM se lI gayI haiM | caritra, vArtAlApa aura uddezyoM kI gaThana kathAkAra ne apane DhaMga se kI hai / bhavisayattakahA ina sabhI kathAoM meM sundara aura maulika hai| mAnava ke chala-kapaTa aura rAgadveSoM ke vitAna ke sAtha isameM manuSyatA aura usakI saMsthAnoM kA vikAsa sundara DhaMga se citrita kiyA gayA hai / ina kathAoMoM meM mAnava jIvana ke madhyAhna kI spaSTatA cAhe na mile, para usake bhora kI dhuMdhalAhaTa avazya milegI / kAvyAtmaka kalpanAeM bhI isa kRti meM pracura pariNAma meM vidyamAna haiM / siri vijayacanda kevalicariyaM isa kathA ke racayitA zrI candraprabha mahattara haiM / ye abhayadeva sUri ke ziSya the / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1127 meM huI haiN| prazasti meM batAyA gayA haisirinivvayavaM samahA- -- dhayassa siri abhayadevasUrissa / sIseNa tassa raiyaM -- caMdaSpahamahayareNe yaM // 146 // deyAvaDhavara : yare risahAjiNaMdassa maMdire raiyaM / niyavIradevasIsassa sAhuNo tassa vayaNeNaM muNikamarudda kakue kAle sirivikkamassavaTTate / raiyaM phuDakkharatthaM caMdappahamahayareNe ya / / 151 // / / 152 //

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77 isameM jina pUjA kA mAhAtmya kathAoM dvArA abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna kI pUjA gandha, dhUpa, akSata, puSpa, doSa, naivedya, phala aura jala dvArA kI jAtI haiN| pUjA karane vAlA vyakti aneka prakAra kI vibhUtiyoM ke sAtha nirvANa lAbha karatA hai / isa grantha meM gandha pUjA kA mAhAtmya dikhalAne ke lie jayasura rAjA kI kathA, dhUpa pUjA ke lie vinayandhara kI kathA, akSata pUjA ke lie kIra yugala kI kathA, puSpa pUjA ke lie vaNik sutA lIlAvatI kI kathA, dIpa pUjA ke lie jinamatI dhanazrI kI kathA, naivedya pUjA ke lie halIpuruSa kI kathA, phala pUjA ke lie durgA kI kathA evaM jala pUjA ke lie viprasutA kI kathA prAyI hai / anta meM eka pravaziSTa kathA bhI haiM, jisameM pApAtmA gRhastha bhI pazcAtApa dvArA apanI zuddhi kara sakatA hai, kI siddhi kI gayI hai / utthAfret meM batAyA hai bharatakSetra meM ratnapura nAmakA nagara hai / isameM rAjA ripumardana zAsana karatA thA / isakI bhAryA kA nAma anaMgarati thaa| isI dampati kA putra vijayacandra huaa| yaha yathArtha nAmavAlA thA, candramA ke samAna sabhI ke mana ko prasanna karatA thA / isakI do bhAryAeM thIM -- madanasundarI aura kamalazrI / kramazaH ina donoM ke do putra hue, jinake nAma kurucandra aura haricandra the / eka samaya vahAM prAcArya pdhaare| rAjA ripumardana saparivAra AcArya ka darzana ke lie gayA / unakA dharmopadeza sunakara use saMsAra se virakti huI, ataH vaha vijayacandra ko rAjya dekara pravRjita ho gyaa| kAlAntara meM rAjya kA upabhoga karane ke uparAnta vijayacandra bhI kusumapura nagara kA adhikArI haricandra ko aura surapura nagara kA adhikArI kurucandra ko banAkara dIkSita ho gyaa| vijayacandra ne ghora tapazcaraNa kara kevalajJAna kI prApti kI / vijayacandra kevalI vihAra karatA huA kusumapura meM AyA aura nagarI ke bAhara udyAna meM samavazaraNa sabhA prArambha huii| nAgarikoM ke sAtha rAjA haricandra bhI kevalo ke darzana ke lie AyA / usane kevalI se praSTa prakAra ke pUjA kA mAhAtmya pUchA / kevalI ne pratyeka dravya se kI jAne vAlI pUjA kA kathanoM dvArA nirUpaNa kiyA / pahalI kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki vaitADhya parvata ko dakSiNa zreNI meM gajapura nAma ke nagara meM jayasUra nAma kA vidyAdhara rAjA apanI zubhamati bhAryA ke sAtha rAjya karatA thaa| eka samaya isakI patnI garbhavatI huI aura use jina pUjA tathA tIrthavandanA kA dohada utpanna huA / vidyAdhara rAjA use vimAna meM baiThAkara aSTApada parvata para le gayA aura vahAM unhoMne gAje-bAje ke sAtha bhagavAna kI pUjA kii| pUjA karane ke uparAnta rAnI na e rAjA se kahA -- svAmina, kahIM se bar3I durgandha A rahI hai| talAza karanA cAhie ki yaha durgandha kahAM se A rahI hai| ghUmate hue unalogoM ne eka zilApaTTa para eka munirAja ko dhyAna magna dekhA / dhUpa aura dhUla ke kAraNa munirAja ke zarIra se gandA pasInA nikala rahA thA, ataH unhIM ke zarIra se durgandha nikala rahI thI / rAnI zubhamatI ne rAjA se kahA -- svAmin, isa RSirAja ko prAsuka jala se snAna karAke candanAdi sugandhita padArthoM kA lepa kara denA cAhie, jisase inake zarIra kI durgandha dUra ho jAya / rAnI ke parAmarzAnusAra munirAja ke zarIra kA prakSAlana kiyA gayA aura sugandhita padArthoM kA lepa kara diyA gyaa| ve vidyAdhara dampati vahAM se anyatra yAtrA karane cale gaye / idhara sugandhita padArthoM kI gandha se AkRSTa ho bhauMra munirAja ke zarIra se zrAkara cipaTa gaye, jisase unako apAra vedanA huI, para dhyAnAbhyAsI munirAja tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hue| jaba kaI dinoM ke pazcAt ve vidyAdhara dampati tIrthavandanA lauTe, to unheM zamArga se vaha munirAja dikhalAyI nahIM par3e / kautUhalavaza nIce Akara ve loga munirAja kI talAza karane lge| unhoMne dekhA ki munirAja ke cAroM ora itane adhika bhare ekatra the, jisase ve dikhalAI nahIM par3ate / unalogoM ne sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bhauroM ko

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1ra bhagAyA aura unake zarIra ke sugandhita lepa ko dUra kiyaa| munirAja ne bhauMroM ke upadrava ko zAntipUrvaka sahana kara ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza kiyA aura kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| bampati kevalI ko praNAma kara nagara ko cale gye| dohada sampanna hone para zubhamatI ne sundara suhAvane samaya meM putraratna ko janma diyaa| ziza kA nAma kalyANa rakhA gyaa| kalyANa ke vayaska hone para rAjA use rAjya dekara pokSita ho gyaa| prAyukSaya hone para vaha saudharma svarga meM deva hmaa| zubhamatI bhI marakara usI kI devAMganA huii| vahAM se cyuta ho zubhamatI kA jIva hastinApura ke jitazatru rAjA ke yahAM madanAvalI kanyA ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| isakA vivAha zivapura nivAsI siMhadhvaja ke sAtha huaaa| kucha samaya ke pazcAt madanAvalI kA zarIra atyanta durgandhita ho gayA, jisase nagara meM janatA kA rahanA bhI asaMbhava pratIta hone lgaa| ataH rAjA siMhadhvaja ne ma eka mahala banavA diyA aura usaka rahana kI sArI vyavasthA vahIM kara dii| eka dina eka zuka ne zubhamatI ke bhava kA varNana karate hue munirAja ke zarIra se nikalane vAlI durgandha se ghRNA karane ke kAraNa zarIra ke durgandhita hone kI bAta kahI aura pratikAra ke lie gandha dvArA bhagavAn kI pUjA karane ko kahA / madanAvalI ne gandha se bhagavAna kI pUjA kI aura usakA zarIra pUrvavat svastha ho gyaa| rAjA rAnI ko hAthI para savAra kara nagara meM le aayaa| vasantotsava kI taiyAriyAM hone lgiiN| isI samaya usa nagara ke manorama nAmaka udyAna meM amRtateja muni ko kevalajJAna utpanna huaa| rAjA vasantotsava chor3a kara devI ke sAtha kevalI kI 6ndanA ke lie gyaa| rAnI ne kevalI se pUchA- bhagavAn, mujhe sUcanA dene vAlA zuka kauna thA? kevalI--bhadre vaha tumhArA pUrvajanma kA pati thaa| tumako jJAna dene ke lie AyA thaa| vaha ina devoM ke bIca meM hI kAna meM kuNDala aura AbhUSaNa pahane hue hai| rAnI usa deva ke pAsa gaI aura kahane lagI--Apane merA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai, maiM ApakA badalA to nahIM cukA sakatI hUM, para samaya par3ane para yathAzakti ApakI sevA kruuNgii| deva--prAja se sAtaveM dina meM svarga se cyuta houuNgaa| Apa bhI avasara prAne para tujhe pratibodha dene kI kRpA kreNgii| madanAvalI ko virakti huI aura vaha apane pati kI AjJA se prAyikA ho gii| idhara vaha deva svarga se cyuta ho vidyAdhara kumAra huA aura usakA nAma mRgAMka rakhA gyaa| yuvaka hone para mRgAMka kumAra ratnamAlA se vivAha karane ke lie jA rahA thA ki mArga meM use madanAvalI tapazcaraNa karatI huI milii| usake rUpa-saundarya ko dekhakara ma gAMka kumAra mohita ho gayA aura usakI tapasyA meM vighna karane lgaa| para madanAvalI apane tapazcaraNa meM dRr3ha rhii| mRgAMka kumAra ko apanI bhUla para pazcAttApa huA aura vaha usakI vandanA kara calA gyaa| ___isa kRti kI sabhI kathAeM svataMtra haiN| pratyeka kathA apane meM pUrNa hai aura pratyeka kathA meM ghaTanAcakra kisI vizeSa udda zya ko lekara calatA hai| janma-janmAntara kI ghaTanAeM usI pramukha uddezya ke cAroM ora cakkara lagAtI rahatI haiN| kathAoM meM vAtAvaraNa kI yojanA sundara rUpa meM huI hai| kathAnaka sarala hai, unameM kauTilya kA abhA: hai| ghaTanAoM kA bAhulya rahane se manoraMjana svalpa mAtrA meM hI ho pAtA hai| kathAnakoM kI gaThana asaMlakSya nahIM hai, spaSTa sUtra meM prAbaddha hai| bhinna-bhinna kArya-vyApAroM ko eka hI sUtra meM piroyA gayA hai| kathAnaka-jaTilatA ko kisI bhI kathA meM sthAna nahIM diyA gayA

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78 caritroM ke vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se bhI kathAeM saphala haiN| mahatvapUrNa pAtroM ke caritra bhI mahanIya zailI meM vyakta kiye gaye haiM / pAtroM ko karttavya-akartavya ko talI-bhAMti jAnakArI / guru yA zrAcArya kA samparka prApta karate hI pAtra kucha se kucha bana jAte haiM / pAtroM meM jAtigata, vargagata aura sAmpradAyika vizeSatAeM bhI vartamAna haiM / lekhaka ne paristhitiyoM ke sAtha tathyoM kI yojanA bar3I kuzalatA se kI hai| ataH uddezya ko siddhi ke lie caritroM kA utkarSa sthApita kiyA hai / bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se bhI ye kathAeM saphala haiM / ina guNoM ke rahate hue bhI maulikatA bahuta kama haiM / kathAoMoM meM vaha bAMkApana nahIM hai, jo Aja ke kathA sAhitya kA prANa hai / nAyAdhammakahAo se ye kathAeM bahuta kama prA bar3ha sakI haiM / sAmpradAyika siddhAntoM kA pUrNatayA samAveza rahane se sampUrNa tattvoM kA nirvAha nahIM ho sakA hai / guNacandra kA mahAvIracariyaM isa carita graMtha kI racanA guNacandra ne prasannacandra sUri ke upadeza se chatrAvalI ( chatrAla) nivAsI seTha ziSTa aura vIra kI prArthanA se vi0 saM0 1936 jyeSTha zuklA tRtIyA somavAra ke dina kI hai| ziSTa aura vIra kA paricaya dete hue batAyA gayA hai ki inake pUrvaja govarddhanakarpaTa vANijyapura ke rahane vAle the / govarddhana ke cAra putra hue| inameM se jajjagaNa chatrAvalI meM Akara rahane lgaa| isakI patnI kA nAma sundarI thA / isa dampati ke ziSTa aura vIra ye do putra utpanna hue / isa kRti meM ATha prastAva haiN| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kathA aAdhikArika kathA haiM aura harivarmA, satyazreSThi, surendradatta, vAsavadattA, jinapAlita, ravipAla, koraMTaka, kAmadeva, sAgaradeva, sAgaradatta, jinadAsa aura sAdhurakSita Adi kI kathAeM prAsaMgika kathA ke rUpa meM AyI haiM, ina kathAoM ko samavazaraNa meM vratoM kI mahattA batalAne ke lie kahA gayA hai / kapiladIkSA aura marIci ke kRtyoM kA varNana bar3I hI projasvI bhASA meM kiyA gayA hai / kavi ne vardhamAna kI alaukika krIr3AooM aura lekhazAlA meM unake buddhikauzala kA paricaya upasthita kara alaukika vAtAvaraNa upasthita kiyA hai / dIkSA ke pazcAt vardhamAna ne bAraha varSa ke tapazcaraNakAla meM bAraha varSAvAsa kiye aura ina varSAvAsoM meM aneka prakAra ke vyaktiyoM se unakA sAkSAtkAra huA / nAlandA meM tantuvAya arjuna kI zAlA meM varSAvAsa karate samaya maMkhaliputra gozAla kA bhagavAn mahAvIra se sAkSAtkAra huA aura isane bhagavAn kA ziSyatva grahaNa kiyaa| kAlAntara meM gozAla bhagavAn se pRthaka ho gayA aura svayaM apane ko tIrthaMkara kahane lagA / kevalajJAna ke pazcAt bhagavAna ne jagata ke duHkha- santApa, asantoSa, hAhAkAra evaM rAga-dveSa ke parimArjita karane kA upadeza diyaa| tIsa varSa taka upaveza dene ke anantara bhagavAn ne pAvApura meM nirvANalAbha kiyA / prAsaMgika kathAoM meM zrahiMsA vrata para kahI gayI nanda kI kathA bahuta hI rocaka hai / isa kathA meM zrAyA hai ki gajapura nagara meM vatta nAmakA brAhmaNa apanI zrI nAmakI patnI 1 - - nandasihirudda saMkhe vokkaMta vikkamAtra kAlaMmi / jeTThassa suddhataiyA tihimi some samatamimaM // -ma0 kha0 pR0 341 gA0 83 /

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80 ke sAtha rahatA thaa| datta kA mitra nanda thaa| eka dina datta ke sira meM bar3e jora kA darda hayA aura becainI ke kAraNa use nIMda nahIM aayii| datta ne nanda ko bulAyA aura apanI vedanA usase khii| nanda ne saMgIta vidyA ke bala se datta ko salA diyaa| nIMda Ate hI usakI vedanA dUra ho gii| nanda ke sumadhura gAyana se zrI bahuta AkRSTa huI aura kucha dinoM ke bAda usane apane pati se kahA--mere sira meM asahya pIr3A hai| ataH nanda ko bulAkara merA bhI ilAja kraaiye| nanda bulAyA gayA, usake sumadhura gAyana ko sunakara zrI mugdha ho gii| zrI ne nanda ke samakSa apanA praNaya prastAva rkhaa| nanda ne zrI ko isa pApa se bacane kA upadeza diyA aura aneka prakAra se samajhA-bujhAkara vaha calA gyaa| dIvAla ke pIche khar3A huA datta ina logoM kI bAtoM ko suna rahA thaa| use nanda ke Upara AzaMkA huI aura usane eka dina pAna meM rakhakara nanda ko viSa khilA diyA, jisameM nanda kA prANAnta ho gyaa| isa pApa ke phala se datta ne tIsare naraka meM janma liyaa| vahAM se nikala kara aneka yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karane ke uparAnta usane manuSya gati meM janma liyaa| janma hote hI usake mAtA-pitA paraloka cale gye| parivAra ke vyaktiyoM ne putra ko vipattiyoM kA bhaNDAra jAnakara vana meM chor3a diyaa| usa vana meM ziva nAmakA zastra nAyaka AyA aura dayAkara usa putra ko apane ghara le gyaa| usa durbhAgyazAlI ke jAte hI usa para nAnA prakAra se vipattiyoM ke pahAr3a TUTa pdd'e| vaha nirdhana ho gyaa| phalataH isa bAlaka ko bhikSATana kara AjIvikA karanI pdd'ii| eka dina use Upara bahata pazcAttApa hayA aura vaha jvalanaprabha nAmaka tapasvI ke nikaTa dIkSita ho gyaa| bAlatapa kara maraNa kiyA, jisase tapa ke prabhAva se vasantapura nagara meM haricandra rAjA ke yahAM harivarmA nAmaka putra huaa| rAjA haricandra harivarmA ko rAjya dekara pravRjita ho gyaa| harivarmA ko haridatta nAmaka putra huaa| isa harivarmA kA vaizramaNa nAmaka amAtya thaa| isane SaDyaMtra racakara haridatta kA vadha karA diyA, jisase rAjA harivarmA bahuta hI sa tapta rahane lgaa| kAlAntara meM ariSTanemi svAmI kA samavazaraNa Ane para rAjA ne apane putra ke vadha kI bAta puuchii| bhagavAna ne nanda aura datta ko bhavAvalI batalAyI tathA ahiMsA kI mahattA para prakAza ddaalaa| isa kRti kI sabhI prAsaMgika kathAeM manoraMjaka hai| mUlakathA meM ghaTanAoM kA eka jaTila, saghana aura durUha jAla dUra taka phailA kara bhI lekhaka ne samasta tathyoM ko sameTa kara ekatra pUMjIbhUta kara diyA hai, jisase carita meM kathAtattva surakSita raha gaye haiN| sameM mAnava vyApAroM kA varNana hI pradhAna nahIM hai, kinta deva-dAnavoM kA samAveza bhI isa kRti meM huA hai| ye pAtra bhI mAnava ke abhinna sahacara pratIta hote haiN| dhArmika aura paurANika vAtAvaraNa ke bIca naitika tathyoM kI abhivyaMjanA sundara huI hai| racanA-vidhAna kI dRSTi se yaha kathAkRti prAyaH saphala hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aitihAsika tathya meM kalpanA kA pUrA mizraNa kiyA hai| alaMkAroM aura vividha chandoM ke prayoga dvArA ise paryApta sarasa banAyA hai| vyAkaraNa sammata bhASA kA prayoga isakI apanI vizeSatA hai| isameM se prAsaMgika kathAoM ke jamaghaTa ko yadi pRthaka kara diyA jAya to eka khAsA laghu kathAoM kA saMgraha taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye laghu kathAeM hI isa carita kAvya ko kathAkRti ke kSetra meM u.sthita karatI haiN| dharmopadeza ke pracAra aura prasAra ke lie likhI gaI ina laghu kathAoM meM se svakalpanA dvArA adhikAMza kathAoM kA rUpagaThana kiyA gayA hai| paurANika AkhyAnoM meM kalpanA kA adhika prayoga isa kRti kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| yadyapi zailI aura rUpAyana meM pUrvavartI lekhakoM kA anukaraNa hI pratIta hotA hai to bhI tathyoM kI vyaMjanA ye navInatA hai| manoraMjana ke lie gadya aura padya kA mizraNa kara kathAoM ko pUrvavartI kathAkAroM ke samAna sarasa banAyA gayA hai|

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siripAsanAha cariyaM gaNa prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke racayitAoM meM devabhadra kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai / sUri pada prApta karane ke pahale inakA nAma guNacandra thaa| inake dvArA racita tIna kathAgrantha upalabdha hai-mahAvIra cariyaM, pAsanAha cariyaM aura kahArayaNa kos| mahAvIra cariyaM kI racanA dra ke nAma se kI gayI hai| kathAratna koza kI prazasti meM batAyA gayA hai ki candrakula meM vardhamAna sUri hue| inake do ziSya the--jinezvara sUri aura buddhisAgara suuri| jinezvara sUri ke ziSya abhayadeva sUri aura inake ziSya sarvazAstra pravINa prasannacandra hue| prasannacandra ke ziSya sumativAcaka aura inake ziSya devabhadra sUri hue| inhoMne govarddhana zreSThi ke vaMzaja vIra ghoSThi ke putra yazadeva zreSThi kI preraNA se isa carita grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1168 meM kI hai| isa carita grantha ke prArambha meM pArzvanAtha svAmI ko bhavAvali vaNita hai| pArzvanAtha ke sAtha kamaTha kI pUrvajanmoM kI zatrutA tathA usake dvArA kiye gaye upasargoM kA jIvanta citraNa hai| pArzvanAtha vArANasI nagarI ke azvasena rAjA aura vAmAdevI rAnI ke putrarUpa meM janma grahaNa karate haiN| mahArAja azvasena bar3e dhUmadhAma se putra janmotsava sampanna karate haiN| bAlaka kA nAma pArzvanAtha rakhA jAtA hai| pArzvakumAra ke vayaska hone para kuzasthala se prasenajita rAjA ke maMtrI kA putra prAtA hai| pAvakumAra usake sAtha kuzasthala pahuMcate haiN| kaliMgAdi rAjA jo pahale virodha kara rahe the, ve sabhI pArzvakumAra ke sevaka ho jAte haiN| pAvakumAra ke vArANasI lauTa Ane para ve eka dina vanavihAra karate hue eka tapasvI ke pAsa jAte haiM aura vahAM adhajale kASTha se sarpa nikalavAte haiN| isa sarpa-yugala ko paMcanamaskAra maMtra dete haiM, jisase ve donoM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa karate haiN| vasanta ke samaya pArzvakumAra logoM ke anurodha se vanavihAra ke lie jAte hai aura vahAM bhitti para nemijinakA citra dekhakara virakta ho jAte haiM / laukAntika deva pAkara unase prArthanA karate haiN| pArvakumAra mAtA-pitA se dIkSA lene kI anumati mAMgate hai, para pitA anumati nahIM denA cAhate / unake prastAva ko sunakara ve zokAbhibhUta ho jAte haiN| pArzvakumAra unako samajhAte haiN| mAtA-pitA se svIkRti lekara ve tIna sau rAjakumAroM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kara lete haiN| pAraNA ke lie dhanazreSThi ke ghara gamana karate haiN| anantara ve aMgadeza ko vihAra kara jAte haiN| kali parvata para pAzrva prabhu ko dekhakara hAthI ko jAti smaraNa ho jAtA hai aura vaha sarovara se kamala lekara prabhu kI pUjA karatA hai| kamaTha kA jIva meghamAlI nAnA prakAra kA upasarga detA hai| dharaNendra aura padmAvatI Akara upasarga kA nivAraNa karate hai| prabhu ko kevalajJAna kI prApti ho jAtI hai| bhagavAn ke samavazaraNa meM azvasena rAjA saparivAra jAtA hai| mahArAnI prabhAvatI bhagavAn nA sanakara dIkSita ho jAtI hai| bhagavAna ke dasa gaNadhara niyata hote haiN| yahAM ina sabhI gaNadharoM ke pUrvajanmoM ke vRttAnta diye gaye haiN| isake pazcAt pAzrvaprabhu kA samavazaraNa mathurA nagarI meM pahuMcatA hai| aneka rAjakumAra bhagavAn ke sammukha dIkSA dhAraNa karate haiN| mathurA se bhagavAn kA samavazaraNa kAzI mAdi nagariyoM meM jAtA hai| sammevali para bhagavAna kA nirvANa ho jAtA hai| 1--kathA0 20 ko0 pra0 pR0 8 / 2--vIrasueNa ya jasadevaseTiNA--pA0 ca 0 pR0 503 6--22 eddu0|

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82 mUlakathA ke sAtha dvIpajAta puruSa kathA, vijayadharma- dhanadharma navabhavakathA, kRSNagRhapati kathA, aMga-aMganRpa kathA, pAtAlakanyA kathA, sudarzanA pUrvabhava kathA, vasantasenA- devilA kathA, hastipUrvabhava kathA, ahicchatra kathA, Izvaratapa kathA, jayamaMgala kathA, droNa kathA, munipUrvabhava kathA, jvalana dvija kathA, zrIdatta kathA, vijayAnanda kathA, vijayave gakumAra kathA, naravAhananRpa kathA, zivadatta pradhAna kathA, nanda-skanda kathA, zivanRpAdi kathA, devalakathA, nAgadattakathA, jakSiNI kathA, dhanadeva dhanavatI kathA, vikramasena kathA, gRhapati -saMta kathA, somiladvija kathA, zaMkara kezava kathA, vijayavala nRpavijayacandrakumAra kathA, lakSmIdhara kathA, dhanazarmA kathA, kapila kathA, surendradatta kathA, brahmadatta kathA, bAhu-subAhu kathA, somilavRttAnta, zivAdimuni kathA evaM puMjazIlavatI kathA bhI isameM nibaddha haiM / kathA sAhitya kI dRSTi se yaha racanA sundara hai / kathAnakoM kI yojanA pUrI kuzalatA ke sAtha kI gayI hai / isa kRti meM aneka navIna kathAeM AyI haiM, jinakA astitva anya carita yA kathAgranthoM meM nahIM milatA hU~ / ataH isakI kathAtattva saMbaMdhI vizeSatAoM se prabhAvita hokara maNivijaya gaNivara graMthamAlA ke kArya sampAdaka zrI nAlacandra jI ne likhA hai -- "anyaccAna kake valasUrivarANAM bhinna-bhinna viSaya pratipAdakA vairAgyakhAnayo: dharma dezanA : prAcInazcAzrutapUrvA : kathA sthala - sthale pradarzitAH / tathaiva cAsmiMcarita mahAn viSayo'yaM yat zrImadbhagavatAM zubhadattAdidazagaNadharANAM pUrvabhavavRttAntAva~ rAgyajanakarItyA bhinna-bhinna guNanirUpakA : kathitAssanti ye'nyacaritreSu na dRzyante, yAn zrutvA bhavyajanAnAM ciprasannatAbodha vRddhizca bhavet / kathyate ca caritramidaM paraM vAstavikarItyA nekapadArthavijJAna pratipAdakatvAt grAmanagaranRpAdivarNAtmakatvAccAyaM grantho'numIyate / " isa carita grantha meM caritra kI virAT sthApanA kI gayI hai / pAtra sajIva pratIta hote haiM / unake kriyA-kalApa darzanIya nahIM hai, balki anukaraNIya haiM / kathAtatvoM ke sAtha isameM sAMskRtika sAmagrI bhI pracura parimANa meM saMkalita hai / hastitApasa, hAthiyoM kI vibhinna jAtiyAM, kApAlikoM ke vidyAsAdhana, samudra - yAtrAeM zrAdi kA varNana AyA hai / kahArayaNa kosa devabhadrasUri yA guNacandra kI tIsarI racanA kathAratnakoza hai / vi0 saM0 1958 meM bhancha ( bhar3auca ) nagara ke munisuvrata caityAlaya meM isa graMtha kI racanA kI gayI haiM / prazasti meM batAyA hai vasuvANa ruddasaMkhe vaccate vikkamAyo kAlammi / lihitra paDhamammi ya potthayammi gaNi zramalacaMdeNa // -- kathA0 20 prazasti gA0 6 isa kathA ratnakoza meM kula 50 kathAeM / isa grantha meM do adhikAra haiM--dharmAdhikAri sAmAnya guNavarNanAdhikAra aura vizeSa guNavarNanAdhikAra | prathama adhikAra meM 33 kathAeM aura dvitIya meM 17 kathAeM haiN| samyaktva ke mahattva ke lie naravarmanRpa kI kathA, zaMkAticAra doSa ke parimArjana ke lie madanadatta vaNika kI kathA, kAMkSAticAra parimArjana ke lie nAgadattakathA, vicikitsAticAra ke lie gaMgAvasumatI ko kathA, mUDhadRSTitvAticAra ke lie zaMkhakathAnaka, upabRMhAticAra ke lie rudrAcAryakathA, sthirIkaraNAticAra ke lie 1- pArzvanAtha carita prastAvanA pR0 4

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83 bhavadevarAja kathA, vAtsalya guNa ke lie dhanasAbukathA, prabhAvanAticAra ke lie acalakathA, paMcanamaskAra ke lie zrIdevanUpa kathA, jinabimbapratiSThA ke lie mahArAja padma kI kathA, jinapUjA ke lie prabhaMkara kathA, devadravya rakSaNa ke lie bhrAtRdvaya kathA, zAstra zravaNa ke lie zrIgupta kathA, jJAnadAna ke lie dhanadatta kathA, abhayadAna kA mahattva batalAne ke lie jayarAjarSi kathA, yati ko upaSTambha dene ke lie sujayarAjarSi kathA, kugRhatyAga ke lie vilomApAkhyAna, madhyastha guNa kI cintA ke lie amaradatta kathA, dharmArthavyatireka cintA ke lie sundara kathA, Alocaka puruSa vyatireka ke lie dharmadeva kathA, upAyacintA ke lie vijayadeva kathA, upazAnta guNa kI abhivyakti ke lie sudattAkhyAna, dakSatva guNa kI abhivyakti ke lie surazekhararAjaputra kathA, dAkSiNya guNa kI mahattA ke lie mayadeva kathA, guNa kI cintA ke lie mahendranRpa kathA, gAmbhIryaguNa kI cintA ke lie vijayAcArya kathA, paMcendriyoM kI vijaya batalAne ke lie sujasaseTha aura usake putra kI kathA, paizanya doSa ke tyAga kA mahatva batalAne ke lie dhanapAla - bAlacandra kathA, paropakAra kA mahatva batalAne ke lie bharata nRpa kathA, vinayaguNa kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie sulasAkhyAna, zrahiMsAvrata ke svarUpa vivecana ke lie yajJadeva kathA, satyANuvrata ke mahattva ke lie sAgarakathA, cauryA vrata ke lie parUzarAma kathA, brahmacaryANuvrata ke lie surapriya kathA, parigrahaparimANuvrata ke lie dharaNa kathA, digvrata ke lie bhUti aura skanda kI kathA, bhogopabhogaparimANavrata ke lie mehazreSTha kathA, anarthadaNDatyAga ke lie citragupta kathA, sAmAyika zikSA ke lie megharatha kathA, dezAvakAza ke lie pavanaMjaya kathA, prauSadhopavAsa ke lie brahmadeva kathA, pratithisaMvibhAgavrata ke lie naradeva - candradeva kI kathA, dvAdazAvarta aura vandanA kA phala dikhalAne ke lie zivacandradevakathA, pratikramaNa ke lie somadeva kathA, kAyotsarga kA mahattva batalAne ke lie zazirAja kathA, pratyAkhyAna ke lie bhAnudatta kathA, evaM pravajyA ke nimitta udyoga karane ke lie prabhAcandra kI kathA AyI hai / isa kathA grantha kI sabhI kathAeM rocaka haiM / upavana, Rtu, rAtri, yuddha, zmazAna, rAjaprAsAda, nagara Adi ke sarasa varNanoM ke dvArA kathAkAra ne kathA pravAha ko gatizIla banAyA hai / jAtivAda kA khaMDana kara mAnavatAvAda kI pratiSThA ina sabhI kathAoM meM milatI haiN| jIvana zodhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti AdarzavAdI ho| isa kRti kI samasta kathAoM meM eka hI uddezya vyApta hai| vaha uddezya hai Adarza gArhasthika jIvanayApana karanA / isI kAraNa zArIrika sukhoM kI apekSA zrAtmika sukhoM ko mahattva diyA gayA / bhautikavAda ke ghere se nikAlakara kathAkAra pAThaka ko AdhyAtmika kSetra meM le jAtA haiM / samyaktva, vrata aura saMyama ke zuSka upadezoM ko kathA ke mAdhyama se paryApta sarasa banAyA hai / dhArmika kathAeM hone para bhI sarasatA guNa akSuNNa hai / kathAnakoM kI kramabaddhatA bahuta hI zithila hai| Tekana ka bhI purAnI haiN| hAM, dharmakathAkAra hone para bhI apanI sRjanAtmaka pratibhA kA paricaya dene meM lekhaka pUrA tatpara haiM / sAhityika mahattva kI apekSA ina kathAoM kA sAMskRtika mahattva adhika hai / jisa guNa yA vrata kI mahattA batalAne ke lie jo kathA likhI gayI hai, usa guNa yA vrata kA svarUpa, prakAra, upayogitA prabhRti usa kathA meM nirUpita hai / muni puNyavijaya jI ne apanI prastAvanA meM isa grantha kI vizeSatA batalAte hue likhA hai "bIjA kathAkoza graMthomAM ekanI eka pracalita kathA saMgrahAelI hoya che tyAre zrA kathAsaMgrahamAM eka nathI, paNa koI-koI zrApavAdika kathAne bAda karIe to lagabhaga badhIja kathAoM apUrvaja cha, je bIje sthala bhAvayaja jovAmAM zrava prAbadhI dharmakathAoM ne nAnA bAlakovI bAlabhASAmAM utAravAmAM zrAve to eka sArI jevI bAlakathAnI zreNi taiyAra thai zake tema che" / sent kucha kathAeM kArthI haiN| inameM rasoM kI anekarUpatA aura vRttiyoM kI vibhinnatA vidyamAna hai / nAgadatta ke kathAnaka meM kuladevatA kI pUjA ke varNana ke sAtha

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nAgadatta kI kaSTa sahiSNutA aura kuladevatA ko prasanna karane ke nimitta kI gayI pAMca dinoM taka nirAhAra upAsanA usa kAla ke rIti-rivAjoM para hI prakAza nahIM DAlatI hai ; kintu nAyaka ke caritra aura vRttiyoM ko bhI prakaTa karatI hai / sudatta kathA meM gRhakalaha kA pratipAdana karate hue gArhasthika jIvana ke citra upasthita kiye gaye haiM / kathAnaka itanA rocaka hai ki par3hate samaya pAThaka kI binA kisI prayAsa ke isameM pravRtti hotI haiN| sAsa, bahU, nanada aura baccoM ke svAbhAvika citraNa meM kathAkAra ne pUrI kuzalatA pradarzita kI hai / sujasazreSThi aura usake putroM kI kathA meM bAlamanovijJAna ke aneka tattva vartamAna haiM / dhanapAla aura bAlacandra kI kathA meM vRddhavilAsinI vezyA kA caritra bahuta sundara citrita huA hai / 84 yaha grantha gadya-padya donoM meM likhA gayA hai / padya kI apekSA gadya kA prayoga kama huA hai / apabhraMza aura saMskRta ke prayoga bhI yatra-tatra upalabdha haiM / zailI meM pravAha guNa haiM / mahAvIra cariyaM isa carita grantha ke racayitA candrakula ke vRhad gacchIya udyotana sUri ke praziSya aura zrApradeva ke ziSya nemicandra sUri haiM / zrAcArya pada prApta karane ke pahale inakA nAma devendragaNi thA / ye municandra sUri ke dharmasahodara the / isa gaccha meM pradyumna sUri zrApradeva sUri, suprasiddha deva sUri, udyotana sUri tathA zrambadeva upAdhyAya prasiddha haiN| inakI cAra racanAeM upalabdha haiM- mahAvIra cariyaM, rayaNacUDarAya cariyaM zrAkhyAnamaNikoSa aura uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodha ttiikaa| sukhabodha TIkA kI racanA vi0 saM0 1126 meM huI hai / zrAkhyAnamaNikoSa to prAkRta kathAoM kA khajAnA hai / IsvI san 1934 meM isa grantha para zrApradevasUri ne prAkRta padyamaya TIkA likhI hai| isa grantha ke AkhyAna sarasa aura sumdara haiM / 1941 meM huI hai / prazasti meM pranthakAra ne mahAvIra cariyaM kI racanA vi0 saM0 sakA racanA kAla svayaM hI likhA hai- vAsasayANaM egArasaha vikkamanivassa vigayANaM / guyAlIse saMvacharammi eyaM nivaddhaM ti / / gA0 85 isa kathA kRti meM antima tI kara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA carita aMkita hai / racayitA ne svayaM batalAyA hai ki saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM kI zrAsakti ko dUra karane tathA yathArtha jIvanayApana karane kI preraNA prApta karane ke lie antima tIrthaMkara kA carita varNana karatA huuN| isa prasaMga meM mahAvIra ke pichale sattAIsa bhavoM kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai / prArambha meM batAyA gayA hai ki apara videha kSetra meM balAhivapura meM bAnI, dayAlu, dharmAtmA zrAvaka rahatA thaa| vaha kisI samaya rAjA kI zrAjJA se aneka vyaktiyoM ke sAtha lakar3I lAne ke lie vana meM gyaa| vahAM usane bhISaNa vana meM lakar3iyAM kATanA prArambha kiyaa| bhojana ke samaya use aneka sAdhunoM sahita eka prAcArya mArga bhUla jAne ke kAraNa idhara-udhara bhaTakate hue mile| muniyoM ko dekhakara vaha socane lagA ki mere bar3e bhAgya haiM, jisase ina mahAtmAnoM ke darzana hue| usane una muniyoM kA darzana, vandana kiyA aura pUchA -- bhagavan zrApa kahAM se Aye haiM aura kisa kArya se isa bhayaMkara vana meM paribhramaNa kara rahe haiM / prAcArya ne dharmalAbha kA AzIrvAda diyA aura batalAyA ki hama loga bhikSAcaryA ke lie grAmAntara ko jA rahe the, para mArga bhUla jAne se idhara A gaye haiM / saubhAgya se zrApase bheMTa ho gayI / zrAcArya ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara usa bhAvaka

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rayaNacUDArAya cariyaM isa carita grantha ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM lekhaka ne kucha bhI nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| para kRti ke anta meM jo prazasti dI gaI hai, usase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha racanA sukhabodhaTIkA aura mahAvIra cariyaM ke bIca likhI gaI hogii| batAyA gayA hai ki dandilabhadra meM isa kRti kA prArambha huA aura caDDAvallipurI meM isakI samApti huii| puSpikA meM likhA hai "saMvat 1221 jyeSTha zudi 6 zukradine prayaha zrImadaNahilapATa ke mahArAjAdhirAjajinazAsanaprabhAvakaparamazrAvaka zrIkumArapAladevarAjya zrIcaDDApalyA zrIkumArapAladevaprasAdAspadazrIdhArAvarSanarendrarAjya zrI cakrezvarasUrizrIparamAnandasUri prabhUpadezena . . . . . ." / ___ isase spaSTa hai ki isa grantha kI prAcIna prati kumArapAla ke adhInastha dhArAvarSa rAjA ke rAjya meM zrI cakrezvara sUri--paramAnanda sUri ke upadeza se caDDApalli ke nivAsI punA zrAvaka ne likhAyI thii| isameM ratnacUDa rAjA kA carita varNita hai| isakI kathAvastu ko tIna khaMDoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / (1) ratnacUDa kA puurvbhv| (2) janma aura vivaah| (3) saparivAra merU gamana aura dezavata sviikaar| prathama khaNDa meM batAyA gayA hai ki kaMcanapura meM vakula nAma kA mAlI rahatA thaa| yaha apanI bhAryA padminI sahita jinajanmotsava ke samaya puSpa vikraya ke lie RSabhadeva ke mandira meM gayA aura vahAM lakSAmita puSpoM se jinasevA karane kI bhAvanA utpanna huii| usane eka mahIne meM apanI isa icchA ko pUrNa kiyA aura jinabhakti ke prabhAva se yaha gajapura meM kamalasenA rAnI ke garbha se ratnacUDa nAmakA putra utpanna huaa| ratnacUDa ne bacapana meM vidyA aura kalA grahaNa karane meM khUba parizrama kiyaa| pUrvajanma ke zubha saMskAroM ke kAraNa usane azvamocana, azvabandhana, vazIkaraNa, hastisaMcAlana, madonmatta hAthI kA vazIkaraNa prabhRti kalAoM meM pUrNa pANDitya prApta kiyaa| eka dina rAjasabhA meM eka zavara ne vana meM eka apUrva hAthI ke Ane kA samAcAra sunaayaa| ratnacUDa vana meM gayA aura usa hAthI ko usane vaza meM kara liyaa| vaha hAthI para savAra ho gyaa| hAthI ratnacUDa ko lekara bhaagaa| rAjA kI senA ne usakA pIchA kiyA para hAthI kA use patA na lgaa| hAthI eka ghane jaMgala meM phuNcaa| yahAM ratnacUDa ne eka sarovara meM kamala para ArUr3ha eka tapasvI ke darzana kiye / tapasvI ke anurodha se kumAra ratnacUDa Azrama meM gayA aura yahAM isane eka sundarI rAjakanyA kA darzana kiyaa| tapasvI ke mukha se kanyA kA paricaya avagata kara usane stambhanI vidyA dvArA vidyAdhara se usa tilaka sundarI ko mukta kiyaa| anantara usa adbhuta rUpalAvaNyavAlI tilakasundarI se kumAra kA vivAha sampanna ho gyaa| vidyAdhara punaH tilakasundarI kA apaharaNa karatA hai / ratnacUDa usakI talAza karatA huA riSTapura pahuMcatA hai| riSTapura kA rAjabhavana zUnya milatA hai aura rAjakumArI surAnandA eka yakSa karatA hagrA milatA hai| yakSa rAtri ma nagarI vidhvaMsa ke sabhI kAraNa batalAtA hai| pazcAt surAnandA ke sAtha bhI ratnacUDa kA vivAha sampanna ho jAtA hai| ratnacUDa aneka vidyAdharoM se milatA hai aura usake aura bhI kaI vivAha sampanna hote haiN| rAjazrI ke sAtha vivAha kArya sampanna hone para use mahAna rAjya kI prApti hotI hai| kI rakSA e

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85 karatA ne unako grAmAntara meM pahuMcA diyaa| prAcArya se zrAtmazodhana ke lie kA upadeza grahaNa kiyaa| unhoMne upadeza meM batalAyA ki jo vyakti dharma aura maryAdA kA pAlana nahIM karatA, vaha samaya nikala jAne para pazcAttApa haM / dAna, zIla, tapa aura sadbhAvanAeM vyakti ko vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM sabhI prakAra kI saphalatAeM pradAna karatI haiM / prAcArya ke isa upadeza se vaha bahuta prabhAvita huA aura dharmAcaraNa karane lagA / phalataH zrAyukSaya kara vaha ayodhyA nagarI ke SaTkhaNDAdhipati bharata cakravartI kA putra utpanna huA / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samavazaraNa meM zrAgAmI tIrthaMkara, cakravartI aura nArAyaNa zrAdi ke sambandha meM jAnakArI prApta karane ke lie bharata ne pUchA--prabho, tIrtha kara kauna-kauna hoMge ? kyA hamAre vaMza meM bhI koI tIrthaMkara hoMge ? bharata cakravartI ke prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn ne batalAyA -- ikSvAku vaMza meM mArIca tIrthaMkara pada prApta karegA / mArIca apane sambandha meM bhagavAn kI bhaviSyavANI sunakara prasannatA se nAcane lagA / usane aneka mata-matAntaroM kI sthApanA kii| ataeva 26veM bhava meM antima tIrthaMkara kA pada pAyA / usane ahiMsA dharma jIvana meM nIti, lekhaka ne isa carita graMtha ko rocaka banAne ko pUrI ceSTA kI hai| kathAvastu kI sajIvatA ke lie vAtAvaraNa kA citraNa mAmika huA hai / bhautika aura mAnasika donoM hI prakAra ke vAtAvaraNoM kI cArutA isakA prANa haiM / isase pUrva ke kathAgraMthoM meM bAhya vAtAvaraNa kA citraNa to pAyA jAtA hai, para mAnasika vAtAvaraNa kA yathocita nirUpaNa nahIM ho pAyA hai / anukUla aura pratikUla donoM hI prakAra ke vAtAvaraNa meM rAga-dveSa kI anubhUtiyAM kisa prakAra ghaTita hotI haiM tathA mAnavIya rAga-virAgoM kI anubhUtiyoM kA vitAna jIvana kI sat zrasat pravRttiyoM meM kisa prakAra vistRta hotA hai, isakA lekhAjokhA bahuta hI saTIka upasthita kiyA gayA hai / mithyAtva aura samyaktva kI abhivyaMjanA pAtroM ke kriyA- vyApAroM dvArA bahuta hI sundara huI hai / isa kathAgrantha meM manoraMjana ke jitane tattva haiM, unase kahIM adhika mAnasika tRpti ke sAdhana bhI vidyamAna haiM / mArIca apane ahaMbhAva dvArA jIvana ke AdhArabhUta viveka aura samyaktva kI upekSA karatA hai, phalataH, use paccIsa bAra adhika janma dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| zrAvaka ke janma meM paropakAra karane se vaha jIvanotthAna kI sAmagrI kA saMcaya karatA hai, para ahaMkAra ke kAraNa zIla aura sadbhAvanA kI upekSA karane se vaha apane saMsAra kI sImA bar3hAtA hai / carita grantha hote hue bhI lekhaka ne kathA meM mArmika sthaloM kI pUrI yojanA kI hai / jijJAsA tattva anta taka banA rahatA hai| jIvana ke samasta rAga-virAgoM kA citraNa bar3I nipuNatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / varNanoM kI sajIvatA kathA meM gatimattva dharma utpanna karatI hai / yathA- tassa sumo uvavazo savvaMgo baMgasuMdarI juiyaM / dhammapi zrakUro miritti nAmeNa vikkhAo // so tAruNNo patto paMcapAye bhuMja moe / niyavAsAya varago diTTheniyajaNaNijaNayANaM // -ma0 ca0 pR0 3, gA0 50-51 / bhASA sarala aura pravAhamaya hai / yaha samasta grantha padyamaya hai aura kula 2,385 padma

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mavanakezarI kA parAjaya kara ratnacUDa tilakasundarI ko punaH prApta kara letA hai| tilakasundarI apanI zIlarakSA kA samasta vRttAnta sunAtI hai| samasta sundariyoM ke sAtha kumAra ratnacUDa nandipura meM tilakasundarI ke mAtA-pitA tathA gajapura meM apane mAtA-pitA se milatA hai| . kathA ke tIsare khaNDa ye ratnacUDa meruparvata kI yAtrA karatA hai aura suraprabhamuni ke darzana kara unakA dharmopadeza sunatA hai| munirAja dAnadharma kI mahattA batalAte hue rAjazrI ke pUrvabhava kA varNana karate haiM jisase rAjazrI ko jAtismaraNa ho jAtA hai| zIla kA mAhAtmya batalAne ke lie padmazrI ke pUrvabhava ke tapa guNa kA mAhAtmya batalAne ke lie rAjahaMsI ke pUrvabhava kA tathA bhAvanA dharma kA mAhAtmya batalAne ke lie surAnandA ke pUrvabhava kA varNana karate haiN| kumAra ratnacUDa tathA usakI sabhI rAniyAM apane-apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta avagata kara virakta ho jAtI hai aura kumAra dezavata svIkAra kara letA hai| dharma sAdhanA ke phala se kumAra acyu ta svarga meM devapada prApta karatA hai aura vahAM se cyuta ho mahAvideha se mokSa prApta karatA hai| kathA bar3I sarasa hai| tilakasundarI aura kumAra ratnacUDa ke rAgAtmaka sambandha kA - bar3A hI hRdayagrAha ya varNana kiyA hai| kathAnaka ko gatizIla banAne ke lie nadI, parvata, vana, sarovara, sandhyA, uSA Adi ke ramya rUpa bar3e hI sundara nirUpita hai| isameM nimna vizeSatAeM vidyamAna hai:-- (1) kathAnaka kA vikAsa apratyAzita DhaMga se huA hai| (2) kArya vyApAra kI tIvratA AdyopAnta hai| (3) sabhI ghaTanAeM nAyaka ratnacUDa ko kendra mAnakara ghaTita huI hai| (4) eka hI citra dvArA aneka bhAvoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| (5) ghaTanA, caritra, vAtAvaraNa , bhAva aura vicAroM meM anviti hai| (6) upadeza yA siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa kathAnakoM dvArA hI kiyA gayA hai phalataH kathAnaka marmasparzIya ho gaye haiN| (7) bhASA kA prADambara, adbhuta zabdajAla tathA lambe-lambe varNana kathA ke rUpa ko virUpa nahIM krte| bhASA gadya-padya maya hai / gadya kI bhASA padya kI apekSA adhika praur3ha aura samasyanta AkhyAnamaNi koza dharma ke vibhinna aMgoM ko hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie upadezaprada laghu kathAoM kA saMkalana isa grantha meM kiyA gayA hai| isake racayitA nemicandra sUri hai| prAmadeva sari ne (I0 1134) isa grantha para TIkA likhI hai| yaha TIkA bhI prAkRta padya meM hai tathA mUla grantha bhI padyoM meM racita hai| TIkA meM yatra-tatra gadya bhI vartamAna hai| isameM 41 adhikAra hai| buddhikauzala ko batalAne ke lie caturvidha buddhi varNana adhikAra meM bharata naimittika aura abhaya ke prAkhyAnoM kA varNana hai| dAna svarUpa varNana adhikAra meM dhana , kRtapuNya, droNa, zAlibhadra, cakradhara, candanA, mUladeva, aura nAgazrI brAhmaNI ke AkhyAna haiN| zIla mAhAtmyavarNana adhikAra meM sItA, rohiNI, subhadrA evaM danayantI kI kathA AI hai| tapa kA mahattva aura kaSTa-sahiSNutA kA udAharaNa prastuta karane

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55 ke lie tapo mAhAtmya varNanAdhikAra meM vIra carita, visallA, zaurya aura rukmiNImadhu ke AkhyAna varNita hai / vizuddha bhAvanA rakhane se vaiyaktika jIvana meM kitanI saphalatA milatI hai tathA vyakti sahaja meM Atmazodhana karatA huA laukika aura pAralaukika sukhoM ko prApta karatA hai / sadgati ke bandha kA kAraNa bhI bhAvanA hI haiM / isI kAraNa bhAvanA vizuddhi para adhika bala diyA gayA hai / bhAvanA vizuddhi ke tathya kI abhivyaMjanA karane ke lie bhAvanA svarUpa varNanAdhikAra meM dramaka, bharata aura ilAputra ke zrAkhyAna saMkalita haiM / samyaktvavarNanAdhikAra meM sulasA tathA jinabimba darzana phalAdhikAra meM sejjaMbhava aura ka kumAra ke prakhyAna haiM / yaha satya hai ki zraddhA ke samyak hue binA jIvana kI bhavya imArata khar3I nahIM kI jA sakatI haiN| jisa prakAra nIMva kI IMTa ke Ter3hI rahane se samasta dIvAla bhI Ter3hI ho jAtI hai prathavA nIce ke vartana ke ulaTe rahane se Upara ke varttana ko bhI ulaTA hI rakhanA par3atA hai, isI taraha zraddhA ke mithyA rahane se jJAna aura caritra bhI mithyA hI rahate haiM / sulasA prANyAna jIvana meM zraddhA kA mahatva batalAtA hai aura sAtha hI prANI kisa prakAra samyaktva ko prApta kara apanI unnati karatA haiM, kA Adarza bhI upasthita karatA hai| jinapUjA phalavarNanAdhikAra meM dIpakazikhA, navapuSpaka aura padmottara tathA jinavandana phalAdhikAra meM bakula aura sedubaka tathA sAdhuvandana phalAdhikAra meM hari kI kathAe~ haiM / ina kathAoM meM dharma tatvoM ke sAtha loka kathAtatva bhI paryApta mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiM / sAmAyika phalavarNanAdhikAra meM samrAT samprati evaM jinAgama zravaNaphalAdhikAra meM cilAtI putra aura rohiNeya nAmaka coroM ke prAkhyAna haiM / ina prAkhyAnoM dvArA lekhaka ne jIvana darzana kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| corI kA nIca kRtya karane vAlA vyakti bhI acchI bAtoM ke zravaNa se apane jIvana meM parivartana le zrAtA hai aura vaha apane parivattita jIvana meM nAnA prakAra se sukha prApta karatA hU~ / Agama ke vAcana aura zravaNa donoM hI meM pUrva camatkAra hai / namaskAra parAvartanaphalAdhikAra meM gAya bhaiMsa aura sarpa ke prAkhyAnoM ke sAtha somaprabha evaM sudarzanA ke bhI prAkhyAna ye haiM / ina prAkhyAnoM meM jIvanotthAna kI paryApta sAmagrI hai / svAdhyAdhikAra meM bhava aura niyamavidhAna phalAdhikAra meM dAmanaka, brAhmaNI caNDacUDA, giriDamba evaM rAjahaMsa ke prAkhyAna haiM / mithyA duSkRtadAna phalAdhikAra meM kSapaka, caMdra aura prasannacandra evaM vinayaphalavarNanAdhikAra meM citrapriya aura vanavAsi yakSa ke zrAkhyAna haiM / pravacanonnati adhikAra meM viSNukumAra, vaira svAmI, siddhase, mallavAdI samitta praura zrakhapuTa nAmaka zrAkhyAna haiN| nijadharmArAdhanopadezAdhikAra meM yotkaramitra, narajanma; rakSAdhikAra meM vaNik putratraya tathA uttamajanasaMsargiguNa varNanAdhikAra meM prabhAkara, varazuka aura kambala - sabala ke prAkhyAna haiM / ina prAkhyAnoM meM aitihAsika tathyoM kA saMkalana bhI kiyA gayA hai / rocakatA ke sAtha bhAratIya saMskRti ke aneka tattvoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / isa kathAkoza kI nimna vizeSatAeM haiM: ( 1 ) prAyaH sabhI kathAeM varNanapradhAna haiM / lekhaka ne varNanoM ko rocaka banAne kI ceSTA nahIM kI hai / (2) sabhI kathAoM meM lakSya kI ekatAnatA vidyamAna hai / (3) prakhyAnoM meM kAraNa, kArya, pariNAma, athavA prArambha, utkarSa aura anta utane vizada rUpa meM upasthita nahIM kiye gaye haiM, jitane laghu zrAkhyAnoM meM upasthita hone caahie| para Adarza prastuta karane kA lakSya rahane ke kAraNa kathAnakoM meM kArya-kAraNa pariNAma kI pUrI daur3a pAyI jAtI hai /

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(4) kathAnaka sikharUpa meM kisI eka bhAva, manaHsthiti aura ghaTanA kA svarUpa citravata upasthita karate haiN| caNDacaDa kA pAkhyAna mAnava svabhAva para prakAza DAlatA hai| upakozA aura tapasvI ke AkhyAna meM mAnasika dvandva pUrNatayA vartamAna hai / indriyavazavattitva ko chor3a dene se hI vyakti sukhazAnti prApta kara sakatA hai| jIvana kA uddezya prAtmazodhana ke sAtha sevA evaM paropakAra karanA hai| (5) prAcIna paddhati para likhe gaye ina AkhyAnoM meM mAnava-jIvana sambandhI gahare anubhavoM kI camatkArapUrNa abhivyakti huI hai| sabhI koTi ke pAtra jIvana ke gahare anubhavoM ko liye hue haiN| prAdarza aura yathArtha jIvana kA vaividhya bhI nirUpita hai| (6) katipaya prAkhyAnoM meM ghaTanAoM kI sUcI-mAtra hai, kintu kucha prAkhyAnoM meM lekhaka ke vyaktitva kI chApa hai| vyasanazata janaka yavatI avizvAsa varNanAdhikAra meM dattaka duhitA kA AkhyAna aura isI prakaraNa meM pAyA huaA bhAvaTTikA kA pAkhyAna bahuta hI rocaka hai| ina donoM pAkhyAnoM meM kArya vyApAra kI saSTi sundara huI hai| parI kathA ke sabhI tattva inameM vidyamAna haiN| lekhaka ne vividha manobhAvoM kA gambhIratApUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA hai| strI svabhAva kA marmasparzI varNana kiyA gayA hai| (7) dhArmika, naitika aura AdhyAtmika niyamoM kI abhivyaMjanA kathAnaka ke paridhAna meM kI gayI hai| vaNika, patrI, nAvikanandA aura gaNamatI ke prAkhyAnoM meM mAnasika tRpti ke paryApta sAdhana haiN| (8) bhAratIya paurANika aura loka pracalita AkhyAnoM ko jainadharma kA paridhAna pahanA kara naye rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| (8) caritroM ke vaividhya ke madhya ardha-aitihAsika tathyoM kI yojanA kI gayI hai| ghaTanAoM ko rocaka aura kautUhalavardhaka banAyA gayA hai| 'hatthasthakaMkaNANaM ki kajjaM dappaNeNagrahavA' (hAtha kaMgana ko prArasI kyA) aura ki chAlIe muhe kuMbhaMDaM mAi (kyA bakarI ke muMha meM kumhar3A samA sakatA hai ) jaise muhAvaroM ke prayoga dvArA rocakatA utpanna kI gayI hai| (10) viSaya vaividhya kI dRSTi se yaha koza prAkRta kathAoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM jIvana aura jagata se sambaddha sabhI prakAra ke tathyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jinadattAkhyAna isa kathAkRti ke racayitA prAcArya sumati sUri haiN| yaha pADicchaya gacchIya prAcArya sarvadeva sUri ke ziSya the| yaha sumati sUri dazavakAlika ke TIkAkAra se bhinna haiN| granthakartA ke samaya ke sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, para prApta huI hastalikhita prati vi0 saM0 1246 kI likhI huI hai / ataH yaha nizcita hai ki isa grantha kI racanA isase pahale huI hai| jinadattAkhyAna nAma kI eka anya kRti bhI kisI ajJAta nAmA prAcArya kI milatI hai| isakI puSpikA meM "saMvat 1186 adheha zrI citrakUTe likhitayaM maNibhadreNa yatinA yatihetaye sAdhava varanAgAya (svasya ca zreyakAraNam / maMgalamastu vaackjnaanaam)"|

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60 yaha eka sarasa kathA grantha hai| isameM jIvana ke harSa aura zoka, zakti aura durbalatA, kurUpatA aura surUpatA ina sabhI pakSoM kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai / lekhaka ne viSayAsakta mAnava ko jIvana ke sAvika dharAtala para lAne ke lie hI isa zrAkhyAna ko likhA hai / jIvana kI jaTilatA, viSamatA aura vividhatA kA lekhA-jokhA dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM hI upasthita kiyA haiM / sAdhuparicaryA yA muni - zrAhAradAna se vyakti apanI kitanI zuddhi kara sakatA hai, yaha isa AkhyAna se spaSTa hai / jIvana zodhana ke lie vyakti ko kisI saMbala kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / zrataH prAkhyAnakAra ne isa sIdhe kathAnaka meM bhI zrImatI aura rati sundarI ke praNaya sambandha tathA nAyaka dvArA unakI prApti ke lie kiye gaye sAhasika kAryoM kA ullekha kara jIvana kI vividhatA aura vicitratA ke sAtha dAna aura paropakAra kA mArga pradarzita kiyA hai / jinadatta kI dyUtAsakti usake paribhramaNa kA nirUpaNa kara lekhaka ne mUla kathAvastu ke saundarya ko pUrI taraha se camakAyA hai / yaha satya hai ki yaha AkhyAna soddezya hai aura jinadatta ko vasantapura ke udyAna meM zubhaMkara AcArya ke samakSa dIkSA dilAkara mAtra Adarza hI upasthita karanA abhISTa hai / ise phalAgama kI sthiti to kahA jA sakatA hai, para kathA kI vaha mArmikatA nahIM hai, jo pAThaka ko jhaTakA dekara vilAsa aura vaibhava se virata kara 'peTa bharo peTI na bharo' kI ora le jA sake / nAyaka ke caritra meM sahRdayatA, niSpakSatA aura udAratA ina tInoM guNoM kA samAveza haiM / itanA saba hote hue bhI isa prAkhyAna meM mAnava kI samasta durbalatAoM aura sabalatAoM kA aMkana nahIM ho pAyA hai / ataH rAga-dveSa kA parimArjana karane ke lie pAThaka nAyaka ke sAtha pUrNatayA tAdAtmya nahIM sthApita kara pAtA hai / pAtroM ke kathopakathana tarkapUrNa haiM / udAharaNArtha vimalamati aura jinadatta kA udyAna meM manoraMjanArtha kiyA gayA praznottara rUpa vArtAlApa uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai / vimalamati ne pUchA- kiM maruthalI dulahaM ? kA vA bhavaNassa bhUsaNI bhaNiyA ? kaM kAmai selasuyA ? kaM piyai juvANamro tuTTo // 100 // paDhiyANaMtarameva laddhaM jiNayateNa -- kaMtAhara artha - - marusthalI meM kauna vastu durlabha hai ? bhavana kA bhUSaNa svarUpA kauna hai ? vasutA pArvatI kisako cAhatI haiM ? priyA ke kisa aMga se yuvaka santuSTa rahate haiM ? jinadatta ne uttara diyA-- kaMtAharaM, arthAt prathama prazna ke uttara meM kahA ki marubhUmi meM jala kI prApti durlabha hai| dvitIya prazna ke uttara meM kahA ki ghara kI bhUSaNa svarUpA kAntA - nArI hU~ | tRtIya prazna ke uttara meM kahA ki haraM ziva ko pArvatI cAhatI hai aura caturtha prazna ke uttara meM kahA kaMtAharaM kAntAdhara yuvakoM ko priya haiM / racanA vidhAna kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki pUrva janma ke saMskAroM kA phala dikhalAne ke lie jinadatta ke pUrvabhava kI kathA varNita haiM / ghaTita hone vAlI choTI-choTI ghaTanAeM saMgaThita to haiM, para sthApatyakalA kI vizeSatAeM prakaTa nahIM ho pAyI haiN| samUcI kathA kA kathAnaka tAjamahala kI taraha nirmita nahIM haiM, jisakI eka bhI iMTa idhara-udhara kara dene se samasta saundarya vighaTita ho jAtA hai / yoM to kathA meM prArambha aura anta bhI zAstrI AdhAra para ghaTita nahIM hue haiM, kintu saMkSipta kathopakathana marmasparzI aura prabhAvotpAdaka haiM /

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jinadatta kA jIva pUrvabhava meM avantI deza ke darzanapura nagara meM zivadhana zraura yazomati ke yahAM zivadeva nAmaka putra utpanna huaa| zivadeva jaba ATha varSa kA thA, tabhI farera kI mRtyu ho gaI aura zivadeva ne ujjayinI ke eka vaNika ke yahAM naukarI kara lI / eka dina usI vana meM dharmadhyAna meM sthita eka munirAja mile| usane unakI paricaryA kI aura mAgha pUrNimA ke dina unheM zrAhAradAna diyA, jisa puNya ke se zivadeva vasantapura meM jIvadeva yA jinadatta seTha aura jIvayazA seThAnI ke yahAM jinadatta nAmaka putra utpanna huA / vayaska hone para jinadatta kA vivAha campAnagarI ke vimala seTha kI putrI vimalamati ke sAtha huA / prabhAva jinadatta ne eka dina mana bahalAva ke lie juA khelA aura jue meM apAra dhana hara gyaa| dhana kI mAMga karane para jaba ghara se dhana nahIM milA, to vaha udAsa huaa| jinadAsa aura vimalamati ko jaba yaha samAcAra milA to unhoMne dhana de diyA aura jinadAsa ne putra ko samajhAte hue kahA vatsa dhana kA vyaya satkArya meM honA cAhie, dyUtavyasana nindya hai / dhanahAni ke kAraNa jinadatta udAsa rahane lgaa| usakI ardhAMginI vimalamati ko yaha khaTakA aura mana bahalAva ke hetu vaha jinadatta ko campApura le aaii| yahAM sasurAla ma Akara bhI jinadatta prasanna na raha sakA / ataH veSa parAvattanI guTikA dvArA veSa badala kara vaha dadhipura calA gyaa| yahAM eka daridra sArthavAha ke yahAM kArya karane lagA aura apanI sevA se use prasanna kara usake sAtha siMhala gyaa| yahAM pRthvIzekhara rAjA kI kanyA zrImatI kI vyAdhi dUra kii| rAjA ne prasanna hokara isa kanyA kA vivAha jinadatta ke sAtha kara diyaa| jinadatta ne yahAM bahuta sA dhana bhI zrajita kiyaa| lauTate samaya mArga meM daridra sArthavAha ne dhokhe se jinadatta ko samudra meM girA diyaa| vaha samudra meM lakar3I ke sahAre bahatA calA jA rahA thA ki rathanUpura cakravAla nagara ke vidyAdhara rAjA azokazrI kI kanyA aMgAravatI ke lie vara kA anveSaNa karate hue eka vidyAdhara AyA aura usane jinadatta ko samudra se nikAlA tathA aMgAravatI ke sAtha usakA vivAha kara diyA / eka dina jinadatta aMgAravatI ke sAtha vimAna meM savAra ho bhramaNa ke lie nikalA aura campApurI meM AyA, jahAM vimalamati aura zrImatI sAdhvI ke samakSa vratAbhyAsa kara rahI thiiN| vaha udyAna meM utara gayA aura rAtri meM aMgAravatI ko vahIM chor3akara calA gyaa| aMgAravatI bhI una donoM ke sAtha vratAbhyAsa karane lagI / eka dina campAnagarI ke rAjA kA hAthI bigar3a gyaa| rAjA ne ghoSaNA karA dI ki jo vyakti hAthI ko vaza karegA, use AdhA rAjya aura apanI kanyA duuNgaa| jinadatta baune kA rUpa dhAraNa kara vahAM zrAyA aura usane hAthI ko vaza kara liyaa| rAjA ko usakA kurUpa dekhakara cintA huI ki isake sAtha isa sundarI kanyA kA vivAha kaise kiyA jAya ? jinadatta ne apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa kiyaa| rAjA ne apanI pratijJAnusAra use prAdhA rAjya de diyA aura rati sundarI kA vivAha bhI usake sAtha kara diyA / kucha samaya ke uparAnta jinadatta apanI cAroM patniyoM ke sAtha vasantapura meM apane pitA ke yahAM aayaa| mAtA-pitA apane samRddhazAlI putra se milakara bahuta prasanna hue / kucha samaya ke pazcAt zubhaMkara AcArya ke samakSa apanI pUrvabhavAvalI sunakara use virakti huI aura usane jinadIkSA dhAraNa kara lI / zrAyu pUrNa kara vaha svarga meM deva huA / yaha kathA gadya-padya donoM meM likhI gaI hai / granthakAra ne svayaM kahA hai A ke siMci piyaM gajjaM pajjaM ke siMci ballahaM hoi / viraemi gajja-pajjaM, tamhA majjhatthavittIe // 8 // pR0 1 arthAt -- kisI ko gadya priya hai, kisI ko padya priya hai, ataH maiM gadya-padya mizrita madhyavRtti meM isa grantha kI racanA karatA hUM /

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62 naravikrama carita isa carita grantha kA praNayana guNacandra sUri ne mahAvIra cariyaM ke antargata hI kiyA hai / isameM naravikrama kA zauryapUrNa carita varNita hai / carita ke Adi meM batAyA gayA hai ki dhA nAma kI nagarI meM jitazatru nAmaka rAjA zAsana karatA thaa| isakI patnI kA nAma bhadrA thaa| inake nandana nAmaka putra utpanna huA / kAlAntara meM jitazatru prapane putra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara pravrajita ho gayA / eka dina isa nagarI meM poTTila nAmaka zrAcArya pdhaare| rAjA nandana unakI vandanA ke lie gayA aura dharmopadeza sunane ke pazcAt zrAcArya se pUchA -- bhagavan, yaha narasiMha kauna hai aura usakA putra naravikrama kauna hai ? vo dezoM kA rAjya prApta kara bhI yaha naravikrama kyoM dIkSita huA ? mere mana meM usakA carita jAnane kI tIvra utkaNThA hai / prAcArya ne batAyA- kurukSetra meM zreSTha jayantI nAma kI nagarI thI, isa nagarI kA pAlana parAkramI narasiMha rAjA karatA thA / isakI patnI kA nAma campaka mAlA thA / yaha pratyanta rUpa- guNavatI thI / isa rAjA kA buddhisAgara nAmaka pradhAna maMtrI thaa| saMsAra kI samasta sukha-sAmagriyoM ke rahane para bhI putra ke prabhAva meM rAjA ko atyanta mAnasika kleza rahatA thA / use aharniza apane uttarAdhikArI kI cintA rahatI thI / ataH usane buddhisAgara maMtrI se pUchA -- mantrivara, kyA zrApa jaise pradhAna zramAtya ke rahane para bhI maiM nissantAna hI raha jAUMgA ? bhAgya kI isa viDambanA ke viparIta kyA koI upAya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ! buddhisAgara --- ghoraziva nAmaka eka mahAmantravAdI rahatA hai / saMbhavataH vaha maMtrazakti ke dvArA putra prApti kA koI upAya batalAve / zrataH zrImAn use rAjasabhA meM bulAne kA kaSTa kareM / rAjA ne ghoraziva ko apane yahAM bulAyA / usane rAjasabhA meM Akara mantrazakti ke aneka camatkAra dikhalAye, jisase samasta rAjasabhA Azcarya cakita ho gyii| rAjA ne ghoraziva se kahA -- kyA mujhe putra prApti bhI mantra sAdhanA dvArA ho sakatI haiM ? ghoraziva -- rAjan, mantrazakti dvArA asaMbhava kArya bhI saMbhava ho jAtA hai / zrApa kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri ko mahAzmazAna meM hutAzana kA tarpaNa kreN| yaha hutAzana prasanna hone para prakaTa ho kalpavRkSa ke samAna prApakI manokAmanA pUrNa karegA / kRSNacaturdazI ke Ane para rAjA akelA hI puSpa, phala, dhUpa Adi pUjA kI sAmagrI lekara ghoraziva ke sAtha mahAzmazAna bhUmi meM phuNcaa| ghoraziva ne vedI banAkara agni prajvalita kI aura prAMkheM banda kara vaha nAsAgra dRSTi ho stambhana vidyA kA prayoga karane lgaa| usane rAjA ko dUra baiThA diyA thA, para utsukatAvaza rAjA ghoraziva ke pAsa meM calA zrAyA aura stambhana vidyA kA prayoga karate dekhakara vaha samajha gayA ki yaha merA vadha karanA cAhatA hU~ / ataH rAjA ne use DapaTa kara kahA--re duSTa, tU zIghra sAvadhAna ho, terA chala-kapaTa aba mere Upara nahIM cala sakatA hai / maiM kSatriya hUM, ataH tere Upara pahale prahAra nahIM karanA cAhatA hUM, tU svayaM hI pahale mere Upara prahAra kara / rAjA kI ina bAtoM ko sunakara ghoraziva kA dhyAna bhaMga huA aura vaha kaTArI lekara rAjA ko mArane daudd'aa| rAjA ne apanI rakSA kI aura khaDga prahAra dvArA use mUchita kara diyaa| isI bIca zrAkAza se devAMganAtroM ne jaya-jayakAra karate hue rAjA ke Upara puSpavRSTi kI / rAjA narasiMha kA cAroM ora jaya-jayakAra hone lgaa| isI samaya eka deva rAjA ke sammukha upasthita ho kahane lagA -- rAjan zrApane isa kSatriya saMhAraka ko chita kara bar3A prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA haiM / maiM Apase prasanna huuN| Apa koI bhI varadAna mAMgiye / rAjA -- maiM zrApake darzana se hI kRtArtha ho gayA / zrApakI kRpA hI mere lie varadAna hai / deva- rAjan, prApakA manoratha pUrA hogA /

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mUrchA dUra hone para ghoraziva ne apanA sArA vRttAnta kaha diyaa| rAjA ne ro bhamA pradAna kii| samaya pAkara rAjA narasiMha ko putrotpatti huii| putra kA nAma naravikrama rakhA gayA / naravikrama bAlyakAla se hI bar3A honahAra, tejasvI aura vIra thaa| usane bayaska hokara malla vidyA, yuddha vidyA, zastra vidyA prAdi meM pUrNa pANDitya prApta kiyaa| harSapura ke parAkramazAlI rAjA devasena kI rUpa-yauvanavatI zIlavatI nAma kI kanyA thii| rAjA kI sabhA meM kAlamegha nAmaka eka malla thA, jisane samasta malloM ko parAjita kara sammAna prApta kiyA thaa| devasena ne ghoSaNA kI ki jo kAlamegha ko mallayuddha meM parAjita karegA, zIlavatI kA vivAha usI ke sAtha hogaa| naravikrama ne kAlamegha ko mallayuddha meM pachAr3a diyA jisameM zIlavatI kA vivAha usake sAtha ho gyaa| kAlAntara meM naravikrama ke do putra hue| nagarI ko trasta karane ke kAraNa kumAra ne madonmatta jayakuMjara gaja kA vadha kiyA, jisase narasiMha rAjA kumAra se bahuta asantuSTa huaa| yataH usakA jayakuMjara ke Upara bahuta sneha thaa| rAjA ne kumAra ko deza nirvAsana kA daNDa diyaa| naravikrama jayavarddhana nagara meM phuNcaa| yahAM kIrtivarmA rAjya karatA thA, putrahIna hI isako mRtyu ho gaI thI, ataH rAjA ke nirvAcana hetu paMcAdhivAsita kiye gaye the, ina devI vastanoM ne naravikrama kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA aura jayavardhana nagara kA rAjyabhAra usane saMbhAlA / zIlavatI apane donoM putroM sahita jayavardhana meM prAkara naravikrama se milii| samantabhadra kevalI ke upadeza ko sunakara narasiMha virakta ho gayA aura jayantI nagarI kA rAjya bhI naravikrama ko sauMpa diyaa| naravikrama ne donoM hI janapadoM kA rAjyabhAra bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha sampanna kiyaa| anta meM pravajita ho tapazcaraNa kiyA aura mAhendrakalpa meM veva huaa| yaha eka sarasa sAhasika kathA hai, isameM narasiMha aura naravikrama donoM ke sAhasapUrNa kAryoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ghaTanAeM sanasanIpUrNa romAMcakArI DhaMga se ghaTita huI haiN| kautUhala tatva ko Adyanta pradhAnatA hai| camatkArapUrNa zailI meM ghaTanAoM kA krama itanA sundara rakhA gayA hai jisase pAThaka UbatA nahIM / nAyaka naravikrama ke caritra kA vizleSaNa paryApta sUkSmatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| usake caritra ko carama pariNati vairAgya meM hI huI hai| naravikrama premI hone kI apekSA vIra aura sAhasI hai| usake svabhAva meM yaha vaiyaktika vizeSatA hai| prAtma-sammAna ke lie apanA deza aura rAjya bhI chor3akara calA jAtA hai / patnI ke prAMsU aura mAtA kI mamatA bhI use rokane meM asamartha hai| usameM AtmavizvAsa kI parAkASThA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki saphalatAeM usakI jIvana paridhi ke cAroM ora cakkara lagAtI rahatI haiN| / yadyapi kathA meM mantra-tantra ke camatkAra aura vaivI zaktiyAM pUrvavartI kathAoM ke samAna hI vidyamAna hai, to bhI kathAtattva kA vikAsa sundara huA hai| kathA meM rocakatA aura manoraMjakatA ke lie pratimAnuSika, atibhautika evaM atiprAkRtika zaktiyoM se pUrA kArya liyA gayA hai| vizeSa paripArzva aura vAtAvaraNa meM, vizeSa sthitiyoM aura paristhitiyoM meM prAkasmika sayogoM ko yojanA sundara kI hai| yaha satya hai ki manovizleSaNa kIra se isa kathA meM nirAzA hI hAtha lagegI, kintu uddezya para vicAra karane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jisa uddezya se kathA likhI gayI hai usa uddezya meM saphala hai| kutUhala aura jijJAsA ke sUtroM meM sabhI ghaTanAoM ko piroyA gayA hai| bhAvoM ke utAra-car3hAva evaM mAnasika dvantu kI sthiti narasiMha aura naravikrama donoM ke caritra meM hai| zmazAma bhUmi meM narasiMha. bahuta bar3e mAnasika dvandra ke anantara hI ghoraziSa se yuddha karane ko

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prastuta hotA hai / santAna na hone se narasiMha ke mAnasika manthana kA bhI avasara kathA meM pAyA hai| vaha apane svatantra cintana yA svatantra nirNaya kA upayoga karatA hai| usakI sUma-bUjha usake caritra ko UMcA uThA detI hai| kumAra ke nirvAcana se maMtrI asantuSTa hokara rAjA se pUchatA hai-- tilatusamittaMpihu niyapoyaNaM amha sAhiuM devo| pujviM karisu iNhiM pavvayamette vi no putttth|| pR0 67 mahArAja, pahale prApa tila-tuSa mAtra jarA-jarA sI bAta ke lie pUchate the, para isa samaya Apane parvata ke samAna bar3A kArya karane para bhI mujhase nahIM puuchaa| eka duSTa narasaMhAraka hAthI ke lie Apane apane prANapriya putra ko nirvAsita kara diyaa| kumAra ne to strI aura baccoM kI rakSA ke lie hAthI kA vadha kiyA hai, para mAtA-pitA to baccoM kI duSTa ceSTAnoM --naTakhaTa lIlAoM ko dekhakara bhI saMtoSa karate haiN| yahAM "nayaDibha duTTa ceTTAvi jaNa i jaNayassa saMtosaM" meM pitRvAtsalya kA sundara vizleSaNa huA hai| isI prakAra "avaccanaho jo garuoM" meM ukta vAtsalya kI puSTi hotI hai| isa kathA grantha ke varNana bahuta hI sarasa haiN| zmazAna bhUmi kA kitanA sAkAra varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| niloNavijjasAhagaM paDhapUyavAhagaM, karoDikoDi saMkaDaM, raDaMdhUyakakkaDaM / sivAsahassasaMkulaM milaMta jogiNIkulaM pabhUyabhUyabhIsaNaM, kusattasattanAsaNaM // paghuTTaduTThasAvayaM jalaMtativyapAvayaM, bhamaMtaDAiNIgaNaM pavittamaMsamaggaNaM // kahakahakahaTTa haasovlkkhgurukkhlkkhdupecchN| airukkharukkha sNbddhgiddhpaarddhghorrvN|| uttAlatAlasadda mbhilaMta veyaalvihiyhlbolN| kolAvaNaM va vihiNiA viNimmiyaM jamanarivassa // --pR0 17-18 vIra aura vIbhatsa rasa kA bahuta hI sundara nirUpaNa huA hai| ghaTanAoM kA Arohaavaroha rasAtmaka varNana pUrvaka hI dikhalAyA gayA hai| bhASA praur3ha hai| gadya aura padya donoM kA prayoga huA hai| gadya meM daNDI kI zailI kA AbhAsa milatA hai| lambe-lambe samAsa aura virATa vAkyoM ke gumphana meM alaMkAroM kI chaTA svayaMme hAvAra cariye ke caturtha prastAva ke rUpa meM yaha kRti apanI vizAlatA ke kAraNa hI yahAM vivecita kI gayI hai| hA sirivAlakahA isa kathA grantha ke saMkalitA vahad gacchIya vajasena sUri ke praziSya aura hematilaka sUri ke ziSya ratnazekhara sUri hai| grantha ke anta meM sannaddha prazasti meM batAyA gayA hai ki vi0 saM0 1428 meM ratnazekhara sUri ne isakA saMkalana kiyA aura unake ziSya hemacandra sAdha ne ise lipibaddha kiyaa| 1--sirivajjaseNagaNaharapaTTapahahematilayasUrINaM / sIsehiM rayaNaseharasUrIhi imAhu sNkliyaa| --ghaudasa anIso lihiyaa-||

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yaha kathA bahuta hI rocaka hai aura isakA uddezya siddhacakra pUjA kA mAhAtmya pradarzita karanA hai| kathAvastu nimna prakAra hai: ujjayinI nagarI meM pRthvIpAla nAma kA rAjA thaa| isako do patniyAM thiiN| saubhAgya sundarI aura ruupsundrii| saubhAgya sundarI ke garbha se surasundarI aura rUpasundarI ke garbha se madanasundarI kA janma huaa| surasundarI ne mithyAdRSTi ke pAsa zikSA prApta kI aura vaha zikSA, vyAkaraNa, nATaka, gIta-vAdya Adi sabhI kalAoM meM nipuNa ho gyii| madanasundarI na samyagdaSTi ka pAsa sAtatattva, navapadArtha eva kamasiddhAnta Adi kI zikSA prApta kii| rAjA ne donoM kI parIkSA lii| vaha surasundarI ke laukika jJAna se bahuta prabhAvita hudhA aura usakA vivAha kurujAMgala deza ke antargata zaMkhapurI nagarI ke rAjA damitArI ke putra aridamana ke sAtha kara diyaa| karmasiddhAnta kI pakSapAtinI hone ke kAraNa rAjA madanasundarI se bahuta asantuSTa huA aura usakA vivAha eka umbara rAjA se kara diyA, yaha umbara kaSTha vyAdhi se pIDita sAta-sau koDhiyoM ke bIca rahatA thaa| umbara vizeSa kuSTha roga se pIr3ita hone se hI vaha umbara rAjA kahalAtA thaa| vivAha ke pazcAt madana sundarI umbara rAjA ke sAtha RSabhadeva bhagavAn ke caityAlaya meM darzana karane gayI aura vahAM se municandra nAmaka guru se siddhacakra vidhAna karane kA upadeza lekara aayii| usane vidhipUrvaka siddhacakra vidhAna sampanna kiyaa| siddhayantra ke gandhodaka ke chIMTe lagate hI umbara rAjA kA kuSTharoga dUra ho gyaa| usakA zarIra kaMcana jaisA zuddha nikala paayaa| anya sAta-sau kor3hI bhI svastha ho gye| vidhAna samApta hote hI madana sundarI apane pati zrIpAla sahita mandira se bAhara nikalI ki una dampati ko sar3aka para eka ardhavRddhA nArI milii| kumAra zrIpAla use dekhakara Azcarya cakita humA aura usakA caraNa vandana kara kahane lagA--mAM pApa mujhe chor3akara kahAM calI gayI thI? vaha bolI--vatsa, maiM tumhAre roga ke pratikAra ke lie kauzAmbI meM eka vaidya ke yahAM gayI thI, para vaha vaidya tIrthayAtrA ke lie bAhara calA gayA hai| maiMne vahAM eka munirAja se tumhAre roga ke sambandha meM pUchA to unhoMne kahA ki patnI ke sahayoga se tumhAre putra kA roga dUra ho gayA hai| maiM munirAja kI bAta kA vizvAsa kara yahAM AyI huuN| pazcAt yaha samAcAra rUpasundarI aura pRthvIpAla ko milaa| inhoMne kumAra kI mAtA se usakA paricaya puuchaa| vaha kahane lagI :-- aMgadeza meM campA nAma kI nagarI hai| isameM parAkramI siMharatha nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI kamalaprabhA nAma kI patnI thI, jo kuMkuNadeza ke svAmI kI choTI bahana thii| isa rAjA ko bahuta dinoM ke bAda putra utpanna huaA, ataH rAjA ne apanI anAtha lakSmI kA pAlana karane vAlA hone se putra kA nAma zrIpAla rakhA / zrIpAla do varSa kA thA, tabhI zUlaroga se rAjA siMharatha kI mRtyu ho gyii| matisAgara mantrI ne bAlaka zrIpAla ko rAjya kA adhikArI banAyA aura svayaM rAjya kA saMcAlana karane lgaa| idhara zrIpAla ke cAcA ajitasena ne rAjya har3apane ke lie kumAra zrIpAla aura matisAgara mantrI ko mAra DAlane kA SaDyantra kiyaa| jaba matisAgara mantrI ko yaha samAcAra jJAta hamA to usane rAnI kamalaprabhA ko salAha dI ki vaha rAjakumAra ko lekara kahIM calI jaay| kumAra jIvita rahegA to rAjya kI prApti use ho hI jaaygii| ataH rAnI madhya rAtri meM kumAra ko lekara cala pdd'ii| jaMgala meM sAta sau kuSTha rogiyoM se usakI bheMTa huii| unhoMne rAnI ko apanI bahana banA liyaa| kumAra kor3hiyoM ke samparka meM rahane se umbara nAmaka kuSTharoga se AkrAnta hupraa| mahArAnI kamalaprabhA ujjayinI meM Akara apane prAbhUSaNa becakara kumAra kA pAlana-poSaNa karane lgii| kumAra sAta-sau kor3hiyoM kA adhipati hokara umbara rAjA ke nAma se prasiddha ho gyaa| isI umbara rAjA ke sAtha madanasundarI kA vivAha huaa|

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66 zrIpAla vahAM kucha dinoM taka rhaa| anantara apane kula gaurava ko prApta karane ke hetu vaha mAtA aura patnI se pradeza lekara videza calA gyaa| yahAM use rAsAyanika padArtha, jalatAriNI aura parazAstranivAriNI tantra zaktiyAM prApta huI / zrIpAla ne isa yAtrA meM madana maMjUSA aura bhavana maMjarI se vivAha kiyA tathA rAjya bhI prApta kara liyaa| samIkSA isa kathA meM dhArmika upanyAsa ke sabhI guNa haiM / pAtroM ke caritra kA utthAna-patana kathA pravAha kI gati meM vibhinna prakAra ke mor3a, sarasatA aura rocakatA zrAdi guNa varttamAna haiM / kathAvastu aura kathAnaka gaThana kI dRSTi se isa dhArmika upanyAsa meM prAsaMgika kathAoM kA gumphana bar3I kuzalatA sAtha kiyA gayA hai / pRthvIpAla jaMsA niSThura pitA, jo ruSTa hokara apanI kanyA ko kor3hI ko samarpita kara detA hai, Adhunika yathArthavAdI pAtra hai| mAM ke hRdaya kI mamatA aura pitA ke hRdaya kI kaThoratA rUpa virodhAbhAsa kA sundara samanvaya haiM / bhAgyavAdinI madanasundarI bhI prAdhunika apa-TU-DeTa nArI se kama nahIM haiM / usameM pUrva vizvAsa aura zrAtmabala haiM / lekhaka ne apane yuga kI paramparA ke anusAra zrIpAla ke kaI vivAha karAkara usakI cAritrika vizeSatAoM ko ubhar3ane nahIM diyA hai / dhavala seTha jaMse kRtaghnI pAtroM kI Aja bhI kamI nahIM hai / aise nimna svArthI vyakti sadA se samAja ke lie kalaMka rUpa rahate Aye haiM / zrajitasena jaise rAjya lampaTI vyakti aura matisAgara jaise vizvAsabhAjana zrAja bhI vidyamAna haiN| rAjakumArI madanamaMjarI kA tyAga aura mAnasika dvandva kisI bhI kathAkRti ke lie upakaraNa bana sakate haiM / pAtroM kI cAritrika durbalatAoM aura sabalatAnoM kA citraNa bar3I vyApakatA aura gaharAI ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / isa kathA kRti meM bhAvukatA ko ubhArane kI pUrI zakti vartamAna hai| dUdhamuhe zrIpAla kA apane cAcA ke atyAcAroM aura zrAtaMkoM se prAtaMkita ho mAM ke sAtha jaMgala meM calA jAnA aura vahAM kuSTha rogiyoM ke samparka meM rahane se umbara kuSTha vizeSa se pIr3ita honA pratyeka pAThaka ko dravita karane meM samartha hai / dUsarI ora apanI sundarI aura guNavatI kanyA kI spaSTavAditA se ruSTa ho kor3hI se use vyAha denA bhI hRdayahInatA kA paricAyaka haiM / jIvanadarzana ko lekhaka ne apanI isa kathAkRti meM samajhAne kA pUrA yatna kiyA hai / parivAra kA svArtha ke kAraNa vighaTana hotA hai aura yaha vighaTita parivAra sadA ke lie duHkhI ho jAtA haiM / zrataH sAmAjika sambandhoM ko sthira rakhane ke lie samAja ke sabhI ghaTakoM aura unakI pratikriyAoM ko udAra bhAva se sthAna denA hogaa| prema, sevA, sahayoga, sahiSNutA, anuzAsana, zrAjJApAlana aura karttavyapAlana Adi guNoM ko jIvana meM apanAye binA vyakti svastha samAja kA nirmANa nahIM kara sakatA hai / zrIpAla nirantara zrama karatA hai, jIvana ke lakSya ko prApta karane ke lie prayAsa bhI karatA hai aura sAtha hI apane jIvana meM saMyama ko aMgIkAra karatA hai, tabhI use siddhi prApta hotI haiM / isa kRti meM sahiSNutA aura sAhasa kA sundara Adarza upasthita kiyA gayA hai| madanasundarI apane sAhasa aura tyAga ke bala se hI apane pati tathA usake sAta sau sAthiyoM ko svastha banAtI hai / usakI dhArmika dRr3ha prAsthA hI usake jIvana meM saMbala banatI hai / isa prakAra lekhaka ne jIvana kA sandeza bhI kathA ke vAtAvaraNa meM upasthita kiyA hai / rayaNasahara nikA isa kathA grantha ke racayitA jinaharSa sUri haiM / inhoMne apane guru kA nAma jayacanda munIzvara batalAyA hai| isa kathA grantha kI racanA citrakUTa nagara meM huI hai| jinaharSa

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sUri ne samyaktva kaumudI nAmaka eka anya grantha bhI likhA hai / isa grantha kI prazasti meM isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1487 batAyA gayA hai| ataH rayaNe sahara nivakahA kA racanAkAla 15vIM zatAbdI hai| yaha jAyasIkRta padyAvata kA pUrva rUpa hai| isameM parva dinoM meM dharma sAdhana karane kA mAhAtmya batalAyA gayA hai| ratnazekhara ratnapura kA rahane vAlA thA, isake pradhAnamantrI kA nAma matisAgara thaa| rAjA vasanta bihAra ke samaya kinnara dampati ke vArtAlApa meM ratnavatI kI prazaMsA sunatA hai aura use prApta karane ke lie vyAkula ho jAtA hai| matisAgara joginI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara siMhaladvIpa kI rAjakumArI ratnavatI ke pAsa pahuMcatA hai| ratnavatI apanI vara-prApti ke sambandha meM prazna karatI hai aura joginI veSa meM mantrI uttara detA hai ki jo kAmadeva ke mandira meM dyUta krIr3A karatA huA vahAM tumhAre praveza ko rokegA, vahI tumhArA vara hogaa| mantrI lauTakara rAjA ko samAcAra sunAtA hai, rAjA ratnazakhara siMhaladvIpa ko prasthAna kara detA hai aura vahAM kAmadeva ke mandira meM pahuMcakara mantrI ke sAtha dyUta krIr3A karane lagatA hai| ratnavatI bhI apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha kAmadeva kI pUjA karane ko prAtI hai| yahAM ratnavatI aura rAjA kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai aura donoM kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| parva ke dinoM meM rAjA apane zIlavata kA pAlana karatA hai, jisase usake loka-paraloka donoM sudhara jAte haiN| samIkSA yaha sundara prema kathA hai| premikA kI prApti ke lie ratnazekhara kI ora se prathama prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH prema-paddhati para videzI prabhAva spaSTa hai| lekhaka ne prema ke maulika aura sArvabhaumika rUpa kA vividha adhikaraNoM meM DhAlakara nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isameM kevala mAnava prema kA hI vizleSaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu pazu-pakSiyoM ke dAmpatya prema kA bhI sundara vivecana huA hai / ratnavatI aura ratnazekhara ke nizcala , ekaniSTha aura sAtvika prema kA sundara citraNa huA hai| indriyoM ke vyApAroM aura vAsanAtmaka pravRttiyoM ke vizleSaNa dvArA lekhaka pAThakoM ke hRdaya meM Ananda kA vikAsa karatA huA viSayavAsanA ke paMka se nikAlakara unmukta bhAva kSetra meM le gayA hai| rAga kA udAttIkaraNa virAga ke rUpa meM huA hai| pAzavika vAsanA pariSkRta ho AdhyAtmika rUpa ko prApta huI hai| asvastha aura amaryAdita sthUla bhogalipsA ko dUra kara vRttiyoM kA svastha aura saMyamita rUpa pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| lekhaka kI dRSTi meM kAma to kevala bAhya vastu hai, para prema janma-janmAntaroM ke saMskAroM se utpanna hotA hai| yaha suparipakva aura rasapezala hai, isakI apUrva miThAsa jIvana meM akSaya Ananda kA saMcAra karatI hai| ratnazekhara premI hone ke sAtha saMyamI bhI hai| parva ke dinoM meM saMbhoga ke lie kI gayI apanI premikA kI yAcanA ko ThukarA detA hai, aura vaha kaliMga nRpati ko usakI tucchatA kA daNDa bhI nahIM detaa| para parva samApta hote hI vijayalakSmI usIkA varaNa karatI hai| isameM eka upanyAsa ke samasta tattva aura guNa vartamAna haiN| kathAvastu, pAtra tathA caritra citraNa, saMvAda, vAtAvaraNa aura uddezya kI dRSTi se yaha kRti saphala hai| ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM ke anusAra vAtAvaraNa tathA paristhitiyoM kA nirmANa sundara rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| nirmita vAtAvaraNa meM ghaTanAoM ke camatkArapUrNa saMyojana dvArA prabhAva ko preSaNIya banAyA gayA hai| sabhI tattvoM ke sAmaMjasya ne kathA ke zilpa vidhAna ko paryApta gatizIla banAyA hai| malakathA ke sAtha prAsaMgika kathAoM kA eka tAMtA lagA huA hai| 7...22 e.

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ha lekhaka ne ina prAsaMgika kathAoM ko mUla kathA ke sAtha gUMthane kI pUrI ceSTA kI hU~ / mUla kathAvastu bhI sAvayava hai / pratyeka ghaTanA eka dUsarI se aMgoM ke rUpa meM sambaddha hai / ghaTanAeM bhI nirhetuka nahIM ghaTatI haiM, balki unake pIche tarka kA AdhAra rahatA hai / rAjA ke proSadha upavAsa ke dina RtusnAtA ratnavatI putra kI icchA se usake pAsa AtI hai, rAjA apane brahmacarya vrata meM aTala hai / rAnI ko rAjA ke isa vyavahAra se bahuta nirAzA hotI hai aura kupita ho eka dAsa ke sAtha bhAga jAtI hai / antaHpura ke kolAhala ko sunakara rAjakarmacArI aura rAjA sabhI rAnI kA pIchA karate haiN| rAnI kahatI hai - " rayaNIe maha bhaNitraM na kayaM, tA mahakayaM viloesu" itanA kaha sAmane se zradRzya ho jAtI hai / rAjA jaMgala meM usakA pIchA karane para bhI rAnI ko nahIM prApta karatA hai / vaha socate hue kucha dUra calatA hai ki "tAva na zraraNNaM, na taM baMyaNa julaM piccha - rAyA, kintu niya- zrAvAse rayaNamaya-siMhAsaNa N0 - rayaNavaipahadevI suMju appANaM pAsai / to kimeyaM idaMjAlaM jAyaM ? kivAM saccaM ?" na use ratnavatI milatI hai aura na vaha jaMgala hI balki vaha apane ko ratnamayI siMhAsana para mahArAnI ratnavatI sahita daravAra meM baiThA pAtA hai, taba vaha socatA hai ki kyA yaha indrajAla hai ? yA satya hai ? isa samaya mRtAtmA matisAgara adRzya zakti ke rUpa meM usakI parIkSA kI bAta kahakara bhrama dUra kara detA hai / kathA ke isa sthala para carama pariNati avazya hai, kintu lekhaka purAtana rUr3higata paramparA kA tyAga nahIM kara sakA hai / ataH Adhunika pAThaka ina ghaTanAoM para vizvAsa nahIM kara pAtA aura na vaha ina devI camatkAroM ko prApta hI kara pAtA hai / Arambha se kathA ko gati ThIka upanyAsa ke samAna calatI rahI haiM, para carama pariNati daivI camatkAroM meM dikhalAyI gayI hai / yaha kathA sarasa aura parimArjita zailI meM likhI gayI hai / gadya aura padya donoM kA prayoga huA hai / mahivAlakahA mahipAla kathA ke racayitA vIradeva gaNi haiM / isa grantha kI prazasti se avagata hotA hai ki devabhadra sUri candragaccha hue the / inake ziSya siddhasena sUri aura siddhasena sUri ke ziSya municandra sUri hue aura unake ziSya vIradeva gaNi / vinTaranitsa ne eka mahIpAla carita kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisake racayitA caritra sundara batalAye haiM / isakA racanAkAla 15vIM sadI kA madhya bhAga haiM / parI kathA aura nijandharI ina donoM kA yaha mizrita rUpa hai / prastuta kathA grantha bhASAzailI ke AdhAra para caudahavIM pandravIM sadI kA pratIta hotA hai / padyoM para pUrNatayA Adhunika chApa hai / ujjainI nagarI ke rAjA narasiMha ke yahAM kalAvicakSaNa mahipAla nAma kA rAjaputra rahatA thA / rAjA na e ruSTa hokara mahipAla ko apane rAjya se nikAla diyA / vaha apanI patnI ke sAtha ghUmatA-phiratA bhar3auca meM prAyA aura vahAM se jahAja meM savAra hokara kaTAha dvIpa kI ora calA / rAste meM jahAja bhagna ho gayA aura bar3I kaThinAI se vaha kisI 1 - Indian Litera ure, Vol. IT page 536.

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88 taraha kinAre lgaa| kaTAhadvIpa ke ratnapura nagara meM pahuMcakara usane rAjakumArI candralekhA ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| anantara vaha candralekhA ke sAtha jahAja meM baiThakara apanI pUrvapatnI somazrI ko khoja meM niklaa| sAtha meM ratnapura nareza ne apane atharvaNa nAma ke mantrI ko mahipAla kI dekharekha ke lie bhejaa| rAjaputrI aura dhana ke lobha meM Akara atharvaNa ne mahipAla ko samudra meM dhakkA de diyaa| rAjaputrI candralekhA bahuta duHkhI huI aura vaha cakrezvarI devI kI upAsanA karane meM lIna ho gyii| idhara mahipAla samudra pAra kara eka nagara meM AyA aura yahAM jitazatru rAjA kI putrI zaziprabhA se usakA vivAha ho gyaa| zaziprabhA se vaha khaTvA, lakuTa aura sarvakAmita vidyAeM sIkhatA hai| anantara mahipAla ratnasaMcayapura nagara meM AtA hai aura yahAM cakrezvarI devI ke mandira meM use apanI tInoM striyAM mila jAtI hai| nagara kA rAjA mahipAla ko sarvagaNa sampanna samajha kara apanA mantrI nirvAcita karatA hai aura apanI putrI candrazrI ke sAtha usakA vivAha bhI kara detA hai| mahipAla apanI cAroM striyoM ke sAtha ujjaina calA AtA hai aura narasiMha rAjA ke yahAM rahane lagatA hai| anantara dharmaghoSa muni se krodha, mAna, mAyA, aura lobha ke sambandha meM kathAeM sunakara pUrNatayA virakta ho jAtA hai aura zramaNa dIkSA dhAraNa kara ugra tapasyA karatA hai aura anta meM nirvANa-pada prApta karatA hai| samIkSA yaha kathA sarasa hai| kathAnaka ke nirmANa meM deva tathA saMyoga kI upasthiti dikhalAkara kathAka, ra le aneka tAtkAlika, sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika bAtoM para prakAza DAlA hai| yadyapi kathAkAra na prArambha aura avasAna meM koI pramukha camatkAra nahIM dikhalAyA hai, to bhI caritra-nirmANa meM ghaTanAoM ko paryApta gatizIla banAyA hai| isameM sAmanta, rAjA, seTha, mantrI, prabhati koTi ke vyaktiyoM ke caritra, unake chala-kapaTa, prema ke vibhinna pakSa, madhya vargIya saMvedanAeM aura kuMThAeM sundara abhivyakta huI haiN| caritra-citraNa meM abhinayAtmaka aura vizleSaNAtmaka zailiyoM kA mizrita prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isameM mAnavIya manovega, bhAvAveza, vicAra, bhAvanA, uddezya, prayojana prAdi kA sundara prAkalana huyA hai / atharvaNa jaba jahAja para se mahipAla ko dhakkA detA hai, usa samaya ko usakI antaHsthiti adhyayanIya hai| mahipAla ke svabhAva aura prakRti ke anusAra hI sArI ghaTanAeM prasUta hotI hai| usake caritra ko svAbhAvikatA aura vAstavikatA pradAna karane ke lie hI lekhaka ne dezakAla aura vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA hai| ujjI chor3akara bAhara jAnA, samadra yAtrA meM vipatti evaM tApasI Azrama meM jAkara tApasI dIkSA Adi bAteM aisI haiM, jinake dvArA mahipAla ke caritra kA vikAsa dikhalAyI par3atA hai| candralekhA kA pratyutpannamatitva aura apanI zIlarakSA ke lie usakA kapaTa-prema aise sthala hai, jo mAnava jIvana meM eka nayI dizA aura sphUti pradAna karate haiN| caNDIpUjA, zAsanadevatA kI bhakti, yakSa aura kuladevI kI pUjA, bhatoM ko bali, jinabhavana kA nirmANa, kevalajJAna ke samaya devoM dvArA puSpavarSA evaM vibhinna kalAoM kA vivecana paThanIya hai| eka sAmanta kumAra kI yaha sAhasapUrNa kathA hai| kathA kA mUla srota bahuta prAcIna hai, lekhaka ne paurANika AkhyAnoM se kathAvastu lekara eka nayI kathA kA praNayana kiyA hai| avAntara kathAoM meM lobha ke doSa kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie nanda seTha kI kathA bahuta sundara hai| isameM "lohavimUr3hA jIvA kiccAkiccaM pina hu viyAraMti"--lobhI vyakti ko kAryAkArya kA viveka nahIM rahatA hai, isa siddhAnta kA bar3A sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai|

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"jaM vAviya visarukkho visaphala ceva pAveI"--"viSa vRkSa kA ropaNa kara viSa phala hI prApta hote haiM amRta phala nahIM", uktiyoM dvArA avAntara kathA kI zikSA spaSTa kI gayI hai| haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA ke saptama bhava se citramayUra dvArA hAra ke bhakSya kA pAkhyAna jyoM ke tyoM rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| lokoktiyoM ko isameM bharamAra hai| inakA aisA sundara prayoga anyatra nahIM huA hai / kucha lokoktiyAM to atyanta hRdayasparzI hai| "khINo vi sasI riddhi puNo vi pAvai na tArApo"--kSINa candramA hI samRddhi ko prApta hotA hai, tArAgaNa nahIM, vavasAyapAyavesu purisANa lacchI--sayA vasaI" vyApAra meM hI lakSmI kA nivAsa hai, evaM "na hoNasattANa sijjae vijjA"--nirbala vyakti ko vidyA nahIM pA sktii| isa prakAra lekhaka ne bhASA ko sazakta aura muhAvaredAra banAyA hai| upamA aura rUpaka bhI paryApta sundara hai| pAiakahAsaMgaho padmacandrasUri ke kisI ajJAta nAmavAle ziSya ne "vikkamaseNacariyaM" nAmaka prAkRta kathA graMtha kI racanA kI hai / isa kathA prabandha meM pAyI huI caudaha kathAoM meM se isa saMgraha meM bAraha prAkRta kathAeM saMgrahIta haiN| ina kathAoM ke racayitA aura samaya Adi ke sambandha meM kucha bhI jAnakArI nahIM hai / isa kathA saMgraha kI eka prati vi0 saM0 1398 kI likhI huI upalabdha huI hai, ataH mUla graMthakAra isase pahale hI huA hogaa| isa saMgraha meM dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAvanA, samyaktva, navakAra, evaM anityatA Adi se sambandha rakhane vAlI sarasa kathAeM haiN| ___ isa saMgraha meM dAna ke mahatva ko prakaTa karane ke lie dhanadeva-dhanadatta kathAnaka, samyaktva kA prabhAva batalAne ke lie dhanazreSThi kathAnaka, dAna ke viSaya meM caMDagovakathAnaka, dAna dene meM kRpaNatA dikhalAne ke lie kRpaNa zreSThikathAnaka, zIla kA prabhAva lie jayalakSmI devI kathAnaka aura sandaridevI kathAnaka, namaskAra maMtra kA phala abhivyakta karane ke lie saubhAgya sundara kathAnaka, tapa kA mahattva batalAne ke lie mRgAMkarakhA kathAnaka aura ghaTa kathAnaka, bhAvanA kA prabhAva vyaMjita karane ke lie dharmadatta aura bahubuddhi kathAnaka evaM anityatA ke sambandha meM samudradatta kathAnaka AyA hai / samIkSA ina laghukAya kathAoM meM nAmAvalI kA anuprAsa bahuta hI sundara pAyA hai| kavi ne nAmoM kI paramparA meM nAdatattva kI sundara yojanA kI hai| udAharaNArtha nimna nAmAvalI upasthita kI jAtI hai :-- dhaNauramatthi puravaraM dhaNuddharo nAma tattha bhuuvaalo| seTThI dhaNAbhihANo dhaNadevI bhAriyA tassa // dhaNacaMdo dhaNapAlo dhaNadevo dhaNagirI ime cauro / saMjAyA tANa suyA gaMbhIrA causamuddavva / dhaMdhI-dhAmI-praNadA-dhaNasiri nAmAu tANa ahkmso| jAyAno bhajjAno niccaM neheNa juttAyo / -- samyaktvaprabhAve dhanadheSThi kathAnaka, pRSTha 6

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101 zrarthAt -- dhanapura nagara meM dhanurddhara nAma kA rAjA zAsana karatA thA / isa nagara meM dhanadeva nAma kA seTha prapanI dhanadevI nAma kI patnI sahita rahatA thA / isa dampati ke dhanacandra, dhanadeva, dhanapAla aura dhanagiri ye cAra putra the / ye cAroM putra samudra ke samAna gaMbhIra the / inakI kramazaH dhaMdhI, dhAmI, dhanadA aura dhanazrI nAma kI bhAryAeM thIM, jo atyanta snehapUrvaka nivAsa karatI thIM / ukta kathAoM meM kavi ne nagara se lekara rAjA, seTha, seThAnI, sabhI ke nAmoM meM dhana zabda kA yoga rakhakara ina vyaktivAcaka saMjJAoM meM apUrva nAdakatattva kI yojanA kI hai / padya meM kathA ke likhe jAne ke kAraNa isa prakAra kI anuprAsa yojanA mAtra bhASA ko hI alaMkRta nahIM banAtI, zrapitu usameM eka vizeSa prakAra kA sauSThava bhI utpanna karatI hai / anuraMjana ke lie kavi ne paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa kA bahuta hI sundara citraNa kiyA hai / kRpaNa zreSThI kathA meM lakSmI nilaya nAma ke eka kRpaNa seTha kA bar3A hI jIvanta citra prastuta kiyA hai / yaha khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana, dAna-pUjA zrAdi meM eka kaur3I bhI kharca nahIM karatA hai / apane putra ko pAna khAte hue dekhakara use apAra vedanA hotI hai / lekhaka ne usakI kRpaNatA ko vyaMjita karane ke lie kaI marmasthala upasthita kiye haiM / usakI patnI ko baccA hone para vaha use bhojana dene meM bhI kaMjUsI karatA hai / kahIM dAna na denA par3e, ataH santa-mahApuruSoM ke darzana bhI karane nahIM jAtA / isa prakAra vAtAvaraNa aura paristhiti niyojana meM kavi kI pravINatA dikhalAyI par3atI hai / sundarI kI prema-kathA to itanI sarasa aura manoraMjaka hai ki use samApta kiye binA pAThaka raha nahIM sakatA hai / dhanasAra seTha kI kanyA sundarI vikrama rAjA ke guNa sunakara usase prema karane lgii| mAtA-pitA ne usakA vivAha siMhaladvIpa ke kisI seTha-putra ke sAtha taya kara diyA / sundarI ne apanI caturAI se eka ratnoM ke thAla ke sAtha eka totA rAjA ko bheMTa meM bhijavAyA / rAjA ne totA kA peTa phAr3akara dekhA to usameM eka sundara hAra aura kastUrI se likhA huA premapatra milA / patra meM likhA thA-prANanAtha meM sadA tumhAre guNoM meM lIna hU~, vaha avasara kaba AyegA, jaba maiM apane ina netroM se ApakA sAkSAtkAra karU~gI / vaizAkhavadI dvAdazI ko siMhaladvIpa ke nivaNAga nAmaka seTha-putra ke sAtha merA vivAha hone vAlA hai / nAtha ! mere isa zarIra kA sparza Apake atirikta anya nahIM kara sakatA, Apa aba jaisA ucita ho, kareM / rAjA apane agnivetAla bhRtya kI sahAyatA se ratnapura pahu~cA aura usane sundarI se vivAha kiyA / isa prakAra isa kathA saMgraha meM marmasparzI sthaloM kI kamI nahIM hai / isa saMkalana kI kathAoM kI nimna vizeSatAeM haiM: (1) kathAnaka saMyoga aura devI ghaTanAoM para Azrita / (2) kathAoM meM sahasA dizA kA parivartana / ( 3 ) samakAlIna sAmAjika samasyAoM kA udghATana / (4) pArivArika jIvana ke madhu aura kaTu citra | (5) saMvAdatattva kI alpatA yA prabhAva, kintu ghaTanA sUtroM dvArA kathAoM meM gatimatva dharma kI utpatti / (6) viSayavastu meM jIvana ke aneka rUpoM kA samAveza / (7) kathAoM ke madhya meM dharmatattva yA dharmasiddhAMtoM kA niyojana /

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102 (8) rocakatA madhya vindu taka rahatI hai, isake Age kathAnaka kI ekarUpatA ke kAraNa aAkarSaNa ko kamI / (E) jIvana ke zAzvata mUlyoM kA saMyojana--yathA prema, tyAga, zIla prabhRti kI ghaTanAoM dvArA abhivyaMjanA / (10) bhASA ke sarala aura sahaja bodhagamya rahane se prasAda guNa kA pUrNa samAveza / ina pramukha kathAkRtiyoM ke atirikta saMghatilaka sUri dvArA viracita ArAmasohAkahA, paMDiadhaNavAlakahA, puSpacUlakathA, rohaguptakathA, prArogyadvijakathA, vajrakarNanRpakathA, zubhayatikathA, bhImakumArakathA, mallavAdIkathA, malabAhukathA, pAdaliptAcAryAkathA, siddhasena divAkara kathA, nAgadattakathA, bAha yAbhyantara kAminIkathA, metArya munikathA, dravadaMta rAjarSi kathA, padmazekharakathA, saMgrAmazUrakathA, candralekhAkathA evaM narasundarakathA ye bIsa kathAeM hai / mahendrasari kI narmadA sandarI kathA, devacandra sari kA kAlikAcArya kathAnaka, somaprabha kA kumArapAla pratibodha, evaM ajJAtanAma kavi kI malaya sundarI kathA bhI vistRta dhArmika upanyAsa hai| upadezaprada kathAoM meM dharmadAsa gaNi kI upadezamAlA, haribhadra sUri kA upadezapada, jayasiMha sUri kI dharmopadezamAlA, jayakotti kI zIlApadezamAlA, vijayasiMha sUri kI bhuvanasundarI, maladhArI hemacandrasUri kI upadezamAlA, sAhaDa kI viveka maMjarI, manisundara sUri kA upadezaratnAkara, zubhavardhanagaNi kI vardhamAna dezanA evaM somavimala kI dazadRSTAntagItA prAdi racanAeM bhI mahatvapUrNa haiM / __ carita graMtha bhI zreSTha kathA graMtha haiM / sAhitya kI dRSTi se uttama kathAnoM kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai / devendrasUri kA sudaMsaNAcariya aura kaNhacariya, mAnatuMgasUri kA jayantIcariya, jinamANikya kA kummAputtacariya evaM guNapAla muni kA jaMbucariya tathA risidatta cariya graMtha bhI kathA sAhitya kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM / ina paurANika kathAoM ko bhI prAkRta sAhitya ke nirmAtAoM ne sarasa aura Adarza banAyA hai / strI aura puruSoM kI vibhinna bhAvanAoM evaM manovRttiyoM kA bahuta hI sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai / isa prakAra kathA sAhitya AgamoM se lekara solahavIM zatI taka nirantara vikasita hotA rahA hai / prAkRta kathA sAhitya kI upalabdhiyA~ 1 / saMskRta, apabhraMza aura hindI meM premakathAoM kA vikAsa prAkRta kathAoM se huA hai / "nAyAdhammakahAo" meM mallI kA AkhyAna AyA hai, jisase chaH rAjakumAra prema karate haiN| taraMgavatI to svatantra rUpa se eka premAkhyAna hai| isane apane premI ko eka citra ke sahAre prApta kiyA hai / "lIlAvatI kathA" apane yuga kI paramotkRSTa kathA ha / niyakti aura bhASyoM meM eka se eka sundara jamakathAmAyI hai| ina sabhI prAcIna kathAkRtiyoM kA pramukha uddezya zuddha prema sambandhI ghaTanAgoM kA varNana karanA hI nahIM hai, apitu vratAcaraNa dvArA prema kA udAtta rUpa dIkSA aura tapazca Na dikhalAnA hai| sAdhAraNataH prAkRta kathAoM meM prema kA udaya pratyakSa bheMTa, svapna darzana, viya darzana, guNazravaNa, pakSidarzana Adi ke dvArA dikhalAyA gayA hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM rAjAra aura rAjakumAriyoM ko hI premI premikA ke rUpa meM citrita nahIM kiyA gayA, agita madhyavarga ke sArthavAha, seTha-sAhUkAra, brAhmaNa, kumbhAra, julAhA Adi meM bhI prema kI vibhinna sthitiyAM dikhalAyI gayI hai|

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103 2 / saMskRta kI campUvidhA kA vikAsa zilA lekha prazastiyoM kI apekSA gadya-padya mizrita prAkRta kathAoM se mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata hai / yataH prAkRta meM kathAoM ko rocaka banAne ke liye gadya-padya donoM kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH padya bhAvanA kA pratIka hai aura gadya vicAra kA / prathama kA sambandha hRdaya se haiM aura dvitIya kA mastiSka se / zrataeva prAkRta kathAkAroM ne apane kathana kI puSTi, kathAnaka ke vikAsa, dharmopadeza, siddhAnta nirUpaNa evaM kathAoM meM prabhAvotpAdakatA lAne ke liye gadya meM padya kI choMka aura padya meM gadya kI choMka lagAyI hai / saMskRta meM trivikrama bhaTTa ke madAlasAcampU aura nalacampU se pahale kA koI campU grantha nahIM milatA / yadyapi daMDI ne campU kI paribhASA dI hai, para prAkRta meM daMDI ke pahale hI gadya-padya mizrita zailI kI racanAyeM rahI haiM / samarAiccakahA aura kuvalayamAlA isa mizrita zailI ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiM / hameM aisA lagatA hai ki daMDI ne campU kI paribhASA prAkRta kathAnoM ke AdhAra para hI likhI 1 saMbhavata: taraMgavatI bhI mizrita zailI meM likhI gayI hogI / 3 / prAkRta kathAe~ lokakathA kA zrAdimarUpa haiM / vasudeva hiNDI meM loka kathAoM kA mUla rUpa surakSita hai / guNADhya kI vRhatkathA, joki paizAcI prAkRta meM likhI gayI thI, loka kathAoM kA vizvakoSa hai / ataH loka kathAoM ke vikAsa aura prasAra meM prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA yogadAna ullekhanIya hai / " hindI sAhitya kA vRhat itihAsa " meM batAyA hai. "apabhraMza tathA prArambhika hindI ke prabandha kAvyoM meM prayukta kaI loka kathAtmaka rUr3hiyoM kA dasrota prAkRta kathA sAhitya ho rahA hai / pRthvIrAjarAso Adi Adi kAlIna hindI kAvyoM meM hI nahIM, bAda ke sUphI premAkhyAna kAvyoM meM bhI ye loka kathAtmaka rUr3hiyAM vyavahRta huI haiM / tathA ina kathAoM kA mUlasrota kisI na kisI rUpa meM prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM vidyamAna haiM / " 1 4 / pazu-pakSI kathAoM kA vikAsa bhI prAkRta kathAyoM se huA hai / saMskRta meM gupta sAmrAjya ke punarjAgaraNa ke pazcAt nIti yA upadeza dene ke liye pazu-pakSI kathAeM gar3hI gayI haiM / para nAyAdhammaka hAmro meM kueM kA mar3haka, jaMgala ke kIr3e, do kacha ue Adi kaI sundara pazu kathAeM aMkita haiM / pracAra aura dharma kA upadeza pazu evaM prANiyoM ke dRSTAMta dete hue nAnA prakAra kI kathAoMoM ke dvArA diyA gayA hai / nAyAdhammakahA pazu-pakSI kathAeM svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukha se kahalAyI gayI haiM / niryuktiyoM meM hAthI, bAnara Adi pazutroM kI kaI kathAeM upalabdha haiM / ataH DA0 e0 vI0 kotha ne apane "saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa" meM jisa saMbhAvanA kA khaMDana kiyA thA, vaha saMbhAvanA bilakula yathArtha hai / inhoMne likhA hai -- "pazukathA ke kSetra meM prAkRta kI pUrva - sthiti ke pakSa kI puSTi meM aura bhI kama kahA jA sakatA hai 1 hamArA vizvAsa haiM ki paMcatantra tathA anya pazu-pakSiyoM kI kathAeM prAkRta kathAoM kI hI dena haiM / 1 5 / prAkRta kathAoM meM aihika samasyAoM ke cintana, pAralaukika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna, dhArmika-sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ke citraNa, arthanIti - rAjanIti ke nidarzana, janatA kI vyApArika kuzalatA ke udAharaNa evaM zilpakalA ke sundara citraNa haiM / 6 / prAkRta kathAyeM bhUta ko hI nahIM, vartamAna kI bhI haiM / kathAoM ke prArambha meM siddhAnta nahIM prAte, balki madhya meM siddhAntoM kA sanniveza kiyA jAtA hai / 7 / prAkRta kathAoM meM mAnavatA ke poSaka dAna, zIla, tapa aura sadbhAva rUpa dharma kA nirdeza hai / 1- paM0 sA0 u0 pR0 51 /

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104 8 / prAkRta kathAoM meM vibhinna dharma, sampradAya, rASTra, samAja, varNa zrAdi ke vividha citra, nAnA prakAra ke zrAcAra, vicAra, vyavahAra, siddhAnta, Adarza, zikSaNa, saMskAra, rIti, nIti evaM rAjatantra, vANijya-vyavasAya, arthopArjana Adi bhArata ke sAMskRtika itihAsa kA sarvAMgINa aura sarvatomukhI mAnacitra taiyAra karane ke upakaraNa vidyamAna haiM / 6 / prAkRta kathAoM meM kevala abhijAtavarga ke hI pAtroM ko sthAna nahIM diyA hai, zrapitu madhyamavargIya aura nimnazreNI ke pAtroM ke caritra bhI citrita haiM / prAkRta ke ye pAtra bhAratIya bhASAoM meM pahu~ce haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki sAhitya abhijAtavarga se nikala kara sarvasAdhAraNa kI saMpatti banA hai / 10 / prAkRta kathAoM kA uddezya mAtra rasa kA saMcAra karanA hI nahIM hai, pratyuta vyaktitva kA nirmANa aura caritra kA utkarSa dikhalAnA hai / mAnava 11 / prAkRta kathAoM meM varNAzrama dharma ke prati vagAvata kI gayI haiM / samatva kA siddhAnta tathA janma janmAntara ke saMskAroM kA amiTa prabhAva aura karmaphala kI trikAlAvAdhitA siddha kI gayI hai / 12 / kathAnakoM ke vikAsa meM camatkArika ghaTanAoM aura apratyAzita kArya - vyApAroM ke yoga dvArA manovaijJAnika dvandvoM kI sthitiyoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / 13 / loka kalyANa ke sAtha manoraMjana tatva kA bhI yatheSTa sammizraNa huA hai / 14 / kathopakathana ke sAtha vivaraNoM ko bhI mahattA dI gayI hai / ##############

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105 dvitIya prakaraNa prAkRta kathAoM ke vividha rUpa aura unakA sthApatya prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke vikAsa kI kahAnI lagabhaga do hajAra varSoM kI hai| isa lambe samaya meM usake zilpa bhI Azcaryajanaka vikAsa hotA rahA hai / vibhinna samaya, paristhitiyoM aura vAtAvaraNa meM nirmita prAkRta kathAoM kI zilpa sambandhI pArasparika bhinnatA aura navInatA spaSTa parilakSita hotI haiM / dhyAnapUrvaka avalokana karane se yaha avagata hotA hai ki prAkRta kathAzilpa kA yaha vikAsa prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke samAnAntara hI huA haiM / yaha hameM isakI nirantara gatizIlatA, puSTatA aura paripakvatA kA hI saMketa karatA hai / prAkRta kathAoM ke vibhinna rUpoM kA vargIkaraNa hama prAkRta kathAkRtiyoM ke vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para hI prastuta kareMge / prAkRta sAhitya meM adyAvadhi koI prAkRta kA alaMkAra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH vargIkaraNa yA sthApatya vizleSaNa meM prayogAtmaka paddhati kA hI avalambana lenA par3atA hai / prAkRta kathAgranthoM meM kathA ke vividha rUpoM kI carcA avazya ullikhita haiM / isa prakaraNa meM sarvaprathama kRtiyoM meM ullikhita sAmagrI ke AdhAra para hI prAkRta kathA ke vibhinna rUpoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAyagA / dazavaM kAlika meM sAmAnya kathA ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM-kahA kahA ya vikahA, havijja purisaMtaraM papya // (1) akathA, (2) kathA, (3) vikathA | (farea ke udaya se ajJAnI mithyAdRSTi jisa kathA kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, vaha saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hone se akathA kahalAtI hai ) tapa, saMyama, dAna, zIla Adi se pavitra vyakti loka-kalyANa ke lie athavA vicArazodhana ke hetu jisa kathA kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, vaha kathA kahalAtI haiM ) isa kathA ko hI kucha manISiyoM ne satkathA' kahA hai / pramAda kaSAya, rAga, dveSa, strI-bhojana, rASTra, cora evaM samAja ko vikRta karane vAlI kathA vikathA kahalAtI hai / bAta yaha hai ki hamAre mana meM sahasroM prakAra kI vAsanAeM saMcita rahatI haiN| inameM kucha aisI avAMchanIya vAsanAeM bhI haiM, jo aprakAzita rUpa meM hI dabI raha jAnA cAhatI haiN| ataH ajJAtamana apanI dabI-dabAI aura kuMThita icchAoM ko visthApana yA saMkSiptIkaraNa ke kAraNa ubuddha karatA hai / isa prakriyA dvArA hamArI saMvedanAoM aura saMvegoM kA zuddhIkaraNa hotA rahatA hai ) naitika mana-supara igo naitikatA ke AdhAra para hamArI kriyAoM kI AlocanA avyakta rUpa se karatA hai ( kathAeM aisI sarasa aura gaMbhIra saMskArotpAdaka nimitta haiM, jisase vyakti kI vAsanA yA kuMThAeM ubuddha yA zuddha hotI haiM / ataH vikathA aura akathA ke dvArA jIvana meM naMtikatA nahIM A sakatI hai ( kathAkAra kA uddezya naitika jIvana kA nirmANa karanA hai aura naitika cetana mana kI kriyAoM ko gatizIla banAnA hai ) ataH mAnava samAja ko sukhI banAne ke lie satkathA hI zreyaskara hai / 1 - - daza 0hA0 gAthA 208 - 211, pR0 227 / 2 - - yato'bhyudaya niHzreyasArthasaMsiddhiraMjasA / saddharmastanibaddhA yA sA saddharmakathA smRtA // tathA -- " satkathA zravaNAt" padma0pra010 zlo0 40--- jinasena kA mahApurANa pra010 zlo0 120 /

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pratyeka vyakti sukha cAhatA hai| sukha kA mUla hai zAMti, aura zAMti kA mUla hai-- bhautika AkarSaNa se bcnaa| bhautikatA ke prati jitanA adhika AkarSaNa hotA hai, utanA hI manuSya kA naitika patana saMbhava hai| padArtha, sattA, adhikAra aura ahaMbhAva ye cAroM hI bhautikatA ke mUla hai| vikathA aura akathA bhautikatA kI ora hI le jAne vAlI hai| ataH vyakti ko svAbhimukha banAne vAlI aura parAbhimukhatA se haTAne vAlI carcA, vArtA yA kathAnaka hI kathA hai|) haribhadrAcArya ne dazavakAlika kI vRtti meM batAyA hai--"mahArthApi kathA aparikleza bahulA kathayitavyA" arthAt mahAn artha ko abhivyakta karane vAlI kathA na to adhika saMkSepa se aura na adhika vistAra se kahanI caahie| kathA kahane yA kathA likhane meM sadA isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai ki kathA aisI na ho, jise zrotA yA pAThaka kaThinAI se hRdayaMgama kreN| sAtha hI kathA meM aisA guNa bhI ho, jisase vaha pAThaka kI bhAvabhUmi yA mAnasabhami kA udAttIkaraNa kara ske| prAkRta kathAoM ke vibhinna rUpoM kA vargIkaraNa viSaya, pAtra, zailI aura bhASA ina cAra dRSTiyoM se upalabdha hotA hai| sarvaprathama viSaya kI dRSTi se prAkRta kathAoM ke vibhinna rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA haiN| dazava kAlika meM varNya viSaya kI dRSTi se kathAoM ke cAra bheda upalabdha hote haiN| atthakahA kAmakahA dhammakahA ceva mIsiyA ya khaa| eto ekkekkAvi ya gavihA hoi nAyavvA // arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA aura mizrita kathA / ina cAroM prakAra kI kathAoM meM se pratyeka prakAra kI kathA ke aneka bheda hai| (mokSa Adi puruSArthoM ke lie upayogI hone se dharma, artha aura kAma kA kathana karanA kathA hai| jisameM dharma kA vizeSa nirUpaNa hotA hai, vaha AtmakalyANakArI aura saMsAra ke zoSaNa tathA utpIr3ana se dUrakara zAzvata sukha ko pradAna karane vAlI satkathA hotI hai| dharma ke phalasvarUpa jina abhyadayoM kI prApti hotI hai unameM artha aura kAma bhI makhya hai| ataH dharma kA phala dikhalAne ke lie artha aura kAma kA varNana karanA bhI kathA ke antargata hI hai| yadi artha aura kAma kI kathA dharmakathA se rahita ho to vaha vikathA hI khlaaygii| ___ laukika jIvana meM artha kA prAdhAnya hai| artha ke binA eka bhI sAMsArika kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai| sabhI sukhoM kA mUla kendra artha hai| ataH mAnava kI Arthika samasyAoM aura unake vibhinna prakAra ke samAdhAnoM ko kathAoM, AkhyAnoM aura dRSTAntoM ke dvArA -vyaMgya yA anumita karanA arthakathA hai| arthakathAoM ko sabase prathama isIlie rakhA gayA 1--dazahAri0, pR0 230 / :--daza0gA0 188, pR0 212 / 2--ettha sAmannao cattAri kahAo hvnti| taM jhaa| atthakahA kAmakahA dhammakahA saMkiNNakahA y|--yaakobii dvArA saM0 samaka0, pR0 2 tathA--tattha ya sAmanne NaM kahAu mannati tAva cattAri / atthakahA kAmakahA dhammakahA taha ya saMkinnA |--jNbu pa0 u0gA0 22 / 4--puruSArthopayogitvAttrivargakathanaM kthaa| tatrAdi satkathAM dhAmAmananti mniissinnH|| tatphalAmyudayAMgatvAdarthakAma kathA kthaa| anyathA vikathai vAsAvapuNyAsrava kaarnnm|| ---jinasena mahA0pra0pa0 zlo0 118-19 /

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107 hai ki anya prakAra kI kathAoM meM bhI isakI anviti hai / dazavekAlika meM isakA svarUpa nimna prakAra batalAyA gayA hai- vijjAsipamuvAo, aNiveo saMcao ya dakkhataM / sAmaM daMDo bheo uvappayANaM ca atthakahA ' // vidyA, zilpa, upAya - prayAsa - arthArjana ke lie kiyA gayA prayAsa, nirveda-saMcaya, sAma, daMDa aura bheda kA jisameM varNana ho yA jisameM ye viSaya anumita yA vyaMgya hoM, vaha arthakathA hai | arthapradhAna hone se athavA AjIvikA ke sAdhanoM-- asi, maSi, kRSi, sevA, zilpa aura vANijya athavA dhAtuvAda Adi arthaprApti ke vividha sAdhanoM kA jisameM nirUpaNa ho, vaha arthakathA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisakI kathAvastu kA sambandha artha se ho, vaha arthakathA kahalAtI hai / isa vibhAga meM rAjanaitika kathAoM kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai / sAmAnyataH Arthika yA rAjanaitika kathAoM kA merudaMDa eka hI vicAra paramparA hai / ina kathAoM kA ghaTanAcakra bahuta hI rocaka aura adbhuta kAryakalApoM se saMyukta rahatA hai / Arthika kathAeM mAnava jIvana kI vibhinna samasyAoM kA yugavyApI samAdhAna upasthita karatI haiN| pUMjIvAda aura samAjavAda jaise artha se sambandha rakhane vAle siddhAMtoM kA nirUpaNa bhI ina kathAoM meM raha sakatA hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM saMcaya ke prati vigarhaNA tathA parigraha-parimANa kI mahattA bhI aMkita kI gayI hai / arthapradhAna kathAoM meM Adarza ke sAtha yathArtha kA bhI citraNa rahatA hai / kAmakathA ke svarUpa kA vivecana nimna prakAra AyA hairuvaM vao ya veso dakkhattaM sikviyaM ca visaesuM / diThThe suyamaNubhUyaM ca saMthavo caiva kAmakahA* // rUpa-saundarya avasthA -- yuvAvasthA, veza, dAkSiNya Adi viSayoM kI tathA kalA ko zikSA kA dRSTi, zruta, anubhUta aura saMthava -- paricaya prakaTa karanA kAmakathA hai / -- seksa - - yauna sambandha ko lekara kathAoM ke likhe jAne kI paramparA prAkRta meM purAnI hai| kAma kathAoM meM rUpa-saundarya ke alAvA seksa samasyA para kalAtmaka DhaMga se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / ina kathAoM meM samAja kA bhI sundara vizleSaNa aMkita rahatA hai / prema eka sahaja mAnavIya pravRtti hai aura yaha mAnava samAja kI Adima avasthA se hI kAma karatI A rahI hai / prema kA bhAva mAnava ke hRdaya meM svabhAvataH jAgrata hotA hai aura eka vicitra prakAra kI AtmIyatA kA Azraya grahaNa kara vikasita hotA hai / kAmakathAoM meM premakathAoM kA bhI antarbhAva rahatA hai / premI aura premikA ke utkaTa prema, unake milana ke mArga ko bAdhAeM, milana ke lie nAnA prakAra ke prayatna tathA anta meM unake 1 - - tattha atthakahA nAma, jA atthovAyANa paDibaddhA, asi masikasi - vANijya - sippa saMgayA, vicittadhA uvAyAipamuhamhovAyasaMpauttA, sAma-bhaya-uvappayANa- daNDAi payattha viraiyA sA atthakahatti bhaNNai / - - yAko0 sama0, pR0 2 / 2 --- daza0gA0 189, pR0 212 / 3-- jA uNakAmo vAyANa visayA vitta-vapu - vvaya-kalA- dakkhiNNa-parigayA, aNurAya pula apaDivatti jo asArA, dUIvApAra-ramiya, bhAvAnuvattaNAi payatthasaMgayA sA kAma bhaNNai / - - yAko0 sa0, pR0 3 / 4--- daza0gA0 192, pR0 218 /

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108 milana kA varNana bar3e rocaka DhaMga se hotA hai| meM pAyA jAtA hai / haribhadra kI vRtti meM prema ke batalAe haiM* --3 romAnsa kA prayoga bhI kAmakathAoM vRddhigata hone ke nimna pAMca kAraNa saidaMsaNAu pemaM pemAu raI raIya vissaMbho / vissaMbhAo paNao paMcavihaM baDDhae pemmaM // sadA darzana, prema, rati, vizvAsa aura praNaya ina pAMca kAraNoM se prema kI vRddhi hotI hai / pUrNa saundarya varNana meM zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga - keza, mukha, bhAla, kAna, bhauM, AMkha, citavana, adhara, kapola, vakSasthala, nAbhi, jaghana, nitamba Adi aMgoM ke saundarya ko sAMgopAMga rUpa meM upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai / saundarya ke sAtha vastra, sajjA aura alaMkAroM kA ghaniSTha sambandha bhI varNita rahatA hai / dharmakathA kA lakSaNa haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM nimna prakAra batalAyA haiM : jA uNa dhammo vAyANa goyarA, khamA maddava - jjava mutti-tava-saMjama sacca- soyA-kicanavaMbhacerapahANA, aNuvvaya - disi desApyatthadaNDaviraI- sAmAiya-posahovavAso-va bhoga- paribhogAtihisaM vibhAgakaliyA, aNukampA - kAmanijjarAi - payattha saMpauttA sA dhammakahati' / jisameM kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, mukti, tapa, saMyama, satya, zauca, AkiMcana, brahamacarya, aNuvrata, digvrata, dezavrata, anarthadaNDavrata, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, bhoga- paribhoga, atithi saMvibhAga, anukampA tathA akAmanirjarA ke sAdhanoM kA bahulatA se varNana ho, vaha dharmakathA ho / vastutaH dharma vaha hai, jisake AcaraNa karane se svarga Adi abhyudaya tathA mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / isa dharma se sambandha rakhane vAlI kathA dharmakathA kahalAtI hai / saptaRddhiyoM se zobhAyamAna gaNadhara devoM ne dharmakathA ke sAta aMga batalAye haiM / yaha sAta aMgoM se bhUSita aura alaMkAroM se sajI huI nArI ke samAna atyanta sundara aura sarasa pratIta hotI haiM / dravya, kSetra, tIrtha, kAla, bhAva, mahAphala aura prakRta ye sAta aMga kathA ke haiM / jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye chaH dravya haiM, urdhva, madhya aura pAtAla ye tIna loka kSetra haiM, jinameM jinendradeva kA caritra hI tIrtha hai, bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna ye tIna kAla haiM, kSAyopazamika athavA kSAyika ye do bhAva haiM, tatvajJAna kA honA phala kahalAtA hai aura varNanIya kathAvastu ko prakRta kahate haiM / ina sAta aMgoM kA varNana jisa kathA meM pAyA jAya, vahI dharmakathA' hai / 1- daza0hAri0, pR0 219 / "yaM0 kaMcana ujjvalaveNaM puruSaM dRSTvA strI kAmayate / / daza0hAri0, pR0 218 / 2 -- sama0, pR0 3 / 3 - - yato'bhyudaya niHzreyasArthasaMsiddhi raMjasA / saddharmastannibaddhA yA sA saddharma kathA smRtA // prAhurdharmakathAMgAni sapta saptadhibhUSaNAH / bhUSitA kathAsshA rnaTIva rasikA bhavet // dravyaM kSetraM tathA tIrtha kAlo bhAvaH phalaM mahat / prakRtaM cetyamUnyAhuH saptAMgAni kathAmukhe // dravyaM jIvAdi SoDhA syAtkSatraM tribhuvanasthitiH / jinendracaritaM tIrthaM kAlastradhA prakIrttitaH // prakRtaM syAt kathAvastu phalaM tattvAvabodhanam / bhAvaH kSayopazamajastasya syAtkSAyiko'thavA // -- jinasena mahA0 1 parva ilo0 120--120 /

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106 udyotanasUri ne nAnA jIvoM ke nAnA prakAra ke bhAva-vibhAva kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI kathA dharmakathA' batAyI hai| isameM jIvoM ke karmavipAka, aupamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika bhAvoM kI utpatti ke sAdhana tathA jIvana ko sabhI prakAra se sukhI banAne vAle niyama Adi ko abhivyaMjanA hotI hai| (dharmakathAoM meM dharma, zIla, saMyama, tapa, puNya aura pApa ke rahasya ke sUkSma vivecana ke sAtha mAnava jIvana aura prakRti kI sampUrNa vibhUti ke ujjvala citra bar3e sundara pAye jAte haiN| jina dharmakathAoM meM zAzvata satya kA nirUpaNa rahatA hai, ve adhika lokapriya rahatI haiN| inakA vAtAvaraNa bhI eka vizeSa prakAra kA hotA hai| yadyapi sampradAyoM kI vibhinnatA aura dezakAla kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa dhArmika kathA sAhitya meM jahAM-tahAM mAnavatA kI khAI jaisI vastu dikhalAyI par3egI, para yaha sArvajanIna satya nahIM hai, yataH prAkRta dharmakathA sAhitya meM una sArvabhaumika aura jIvanopayogI tathyoM kI abhivyaMjanA kI gayI hai, jinase mAnavatA kA poSaNa hotA hai) yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki dharmakathA kA praNetA dharmopadezaka se bhinna hai| vaha zuSka upadeza nahIM detA aura na vaha kisI dharmavizeSa kA AcaraNa karane kI bAta ho kahatA hai| apanI kathA ke mAdhyama se kucha aise siddhAMta yA upadeza pAThaka ke sAmane chor3a detA hai, jisase pAThaka svayaM hI jIvanotthAnakArI tathyoM ko pA letA hai| isameM janatA kI AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM kA nirUpaNa, bhAvajagat ko UMcA uThAne kA prayAsa evaM jIvana aura jagat ke vyApaka sambandhoM kI samIkSA mArmika rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI hai|) vAstavikatA yaha hai ki samAja nirmANa meM Arthika zoSaNa utanA bAdhaka nahIM, jitanA AdhyAtmika zoSaNa / Arthika zoSaNa se samAja meM garIbI utpanna hotI hai aura garIbI se azikSA, bhAvAtmaka zUnyatA, asvAsthya Adi doSa utpanna hote hai, parantu AdhyAtmika zoSaNa hone se janatA kA bhAvajagat Usara ho jAtA hai, jisase ucca sukhamaya jIvana kI abhilASA para zaMkA aura sandehoM kA tuSArApAta hue binA nahIM raha sktaa| AtmavizvAsa aura naitika bala ke naSTa ho jAne se jIvana marusthala bana jAtA hai aura hRdaya kI AkAMkSAoM kI saritA, jisameM ujjvala bhaviSya kA zveta candra apanI jyotsanA DAlatA hai, zuSka par3a jAtI hai| AtmavizvAsa cale jAne para jIvana udbhrAnta aura kikarttavyavimUr3ha ho jAtA hai aura jIvana meM AMtarika vikhalatA bhItara praviSTa ho jIvana ko asta-vyasta banA detI hai| dharmakathA kA uddezya AdhyAtmika bhUkha jagAnA hai| (naitika yA Atmika utthAna, jo ki jIvana ko viSaya paristhitiyoM se dhakkA lagAkara Age bar3hAtA hai, ina dharmakathAoM meM pramukha rUpa se varNita hai| dharmakathAoM kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki inameM pahale kathA milatI hai, pazcAt dhArmika yA naitika jnyaan| jaise aMgUra khAna, vAle ko prathama rasa aura svAda milatA hai, pazcAt bl-viiry| jisa dharmakathA kA sthApatya zithila hotA hai usameM avazya hI kathAkAra upadezaka bana jAtA hai| dharmakathAoM meM jIvana nirIkSaNa, mAnava kI pravRtti aura manovegoM kI sUkSma parakha, anubhUta satyoM aura samasyAoM kA sundara samAdhAna bhI kama nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| manoraMjana ke tatvoM kA bhI abhAva nahIM rahatA hai|| dharmakathA ke bhedoM kA varNana dazavakAlika meM nimna prakAra upalabdha hai : __ dhammakahA boddhavvA caunvihA dhIraparisa pnntaa| . akkhe vaNi vikkha vaNi saMvego ceva nivvee|| 1--sA uNa dhammakahA NANAvihajIvapariNAmabhAvavibhAvaNatthaM / --udyotanasUri kuva0, pR0 4, anu0 /

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110 AyAre vavahAre pannatI ceva diTThIpAe ya / esA cauvvihA khalu kahAu akkhavaNo hoi' // cAroM prakAra ke puruSArthoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI dharmakathA ke cAra bheda haiM / AkSepiNI, vikSepiNI, saMveginI aura nirvedinI / AkSepiNI' kathA meM cAra bAteM pramukha rUpa se rahatI haiM--AcAra, vyavahAra, prajJapti aura dRSTivAda / AcAra ke antargata loka vyavahAra, muni aura gRhasthoM ke rahana-sahana, sadAcAra mArga Adi parigaNita haiM / vyavahAra ke antargata prAyazcita, doSoM kA parimArjana, bhUloM aura pramAdoM ke lie pazcAtApa Adi haiM / prajJapti meM saMzayApanna vyakti ke saMzaya ko madhura vacanoM ke dvArA nirAkaraNa karanA, dukhI aura pIr3ita vyakti ko sAntvanA denA, viparIta AcaraNa vAle ke lie madhyastha bhAva rakhanA tathA samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha mitratA kA vyavahAra karanA parigaNita hai / STivAda meM zrotA kI apekSA sUkSma, gUr3ha aura hRdayagrAhI bhAva evaM saMvedanAoM kA nirUpaNa karanA abhipreta hai / AkSepiNI kathA kA rasa vidyAjJAna, cAritrya, tapa, puruSArthakarmazatruoM ke prati svaparAkrama kA utkarSa, samiti - pramAdatyAga, gupti pravRttiyoM kA zuddhIkaraNa ke dvArA nisyanda hotA hai / AkSepiNI kathA ko Ajakala ko prabhAvapradhAna kahAnI mAnA jA sakatA hai / prabhAvapradhAna kahAniyoM meM ghaTanA, caritra, vAtAvaraNa, paristhiti Adi kA koI vizeSa mahatva nahIM hotA hai| ye saba upakaraNa ke rUpa meM Ate haiM / inakA lakSya eka prabhAva ko janma denA hai / isa koTi kI kathAoM kI kalA kinhIM vizeSa prakAra ke saMvedanoM ko utpanna karane ke lie pUrNa kSamatA rakhatI haiM / jisa prakAra saMgIta kalA meM gAne kA kucha bhI mahattva nahIM, parantu usake dvArA par3ane vAle prabhAva kA hI mahatva hotA hai, usI prakAra AkSepiNI kathAoM meM prabhAva kA hI mahatva hotA hai / yoM to ina kathAoM meM cirantana satya kI udghoSaNA hI prApta hotI hai / cAritrya kA unnata dharAtala pAThaka ke samakSa adbhuta AkarSaNa utpanna karatA hai / vikSepaNa kathA ke cAra bheda haiM- kahiuNa sasamayaM so kahei parasamayamahavivaccAsA / micchA sambhAvAe emeva havanti do bheyA / jA sasamayavajjA khalu hoi kahA logaveya saMjutA / para samayANaM ca kahA esA vikkha vaNI nAma // vikkhevaNI sA caubvihA paNNatA, taM jahA sasamayaM kahettA parasamayaM kahei, parasamayaM kattA sasamayaM kahei, micchAvAdaM kahettA sammAvAdaM kahei, sammAvAdaM kahatA micchAvAdaM kahe // arthAt ( 1 ) svazAstra kA kathana kara parazAstra kA kathana karanA, ( 2 ) parazAstra kA nirUpaNa kara svazAstra kA kathana karanA, (3) mithyAtva kahakara samyaktva kA kathana karanA aura ( 4 ) samyaktva kA kathana kara mithyAtva kA vivecana karanA / ye cAroM vikSepiNI kathA ko pratipAdita karane kI zailiyAM haiN| jisa prakAra Ajakala kathAkAra kisI abhISTavAda kI siddhi ke lie apane se pratikUlavAda kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai aura parapakSa yA 1 - - daza0gA0 193-195, pR0 219 / tathA -- apane mata kI sthApanA ke lie manoraMjaka zailI meM AkSepiNI kathA likhI jAtI haiM / " tattha akkhe vaNI maNoNukUlA " -- udyotana sUri kuva0, pR0 4, a0 9 / ------- - AkSepiNI kathAM kuryAtprAjJaH svamatasaMgrahe / 3- daza0gA0 196-197, pR0 219 / 4- daza0hA0 pa0 221 / --- jinasena mahA0pra0pa0ilo0 135 /

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yA parasiddhAnta kA khaMDana kara jIvana ke saMvegoM ko prakaTa karatA hai, usI prakAra vikSepiNI kathA meM pradhAna rUpa se parapakSa meM doSa dikhalAyA jAtA hai jo mAnyatA yA paramparAeM vyakti yA samAja ko pathavicalita karatI haiM, unakA nirAkaraNa kathA ke mAdhyama se karanA) vikSapiNI kathA kA uddezya hai| isa zalI ma vAtAvaraNa kA niyojana karane meM kathAkAra ko vizeSa sAvadhAna rahanA par3atA hai| use isa bAta kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai ki kathAkAra ke pada para hI ArUr3ha rhe| aisA na ho ki vaha upadezaka bana jAye yA kathA ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa kA saMyojana hI na kara ske| isa prakAra kI kathAeM mAtra pratikriyAtmaka hI nahIM hotI hai, balki unake dvArA kisI khAsa niSpatti kI siddhi bhI kI jAtI hai| ina kathAoM kA prabhAva bhI pAThaka para gaharA hI par3atA hai / yadyapi itanA satya hai ki isa prakAra kI kathAoM meM saMvedanAoM aura manodazAoM kI tIvratA utanI nahIM raha pAtI hai, jitanI mizra kathAoM meM rahatI hai, to bhI mAnasika tanAvoM kA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| (saMvedinI kathA kA anta sadA vairAgya meM hotA hai| kathAkAra zrRMgAra yA vIra rasa se kathA kA Arambha karatA hai aura anta virakti meM dikhalAtA hai| anta dikhAne kI prakriyA kA varNana tathA kathA kI zailI kA pratipAdana dazavakAlika meM nimna prakAra kiyA gayA hai-- AyaparasarIragayA ihaloe ceva tahAya paraloe esA caumvihA khalu kahA u saMveyaNI hoi| vIriya viuvviNiDhDhI nANacaraNadasaNANa taha iddddhii| uvaissai khalu jahiyaM, kahAisaMveyaNIiraso' // taM jahA-AyasarIrasaMveyaNI, parasarIrasaMveyaNI, ihaloyasaMveyaNI, paraloyasaMveyaNI, tattha Aya sarIrasaMveyaNI jahAjameyaM amhaccayaM sarIrayaM evaM sukkasoNiyamaMsava sAmedamajjaNhiAsacamma-kesaromaNahadaMtaaMtAdi saMghAyaNiphphaNNataNeNa--esA paraloyasaMveyaNI gayatti / AtmazarIra saMveginI, parazarIra saMveginI, ihaloka saMveginI aura paraloka sNveginii| (apane zarIra kI azucitA--zukra, zoNita, mAMsa, vasA, meda, asthi, snAyu, carma, keza, roma, nAka, danta Adi ke saMghAta svarUpa malamUtra bhare apane zarIra kI azucitA kA varNana kara zrotA ke mana meM virakti utpanna karanA prAtmazarIra saMveginI kathA hai| anya vyakti ke zarIra ko mAMsa, zukra, zoNita, carbI, asthi, carma Adi kA saMghAta kahakara malamUtra yukta azaci batalAnA parasaMvenIdharmakathA hai isa saMsAra ke sabhI sukha kele ke stambha ke samAna nissAra hai| isa prakAra saMsAra ke sukhoM kI asAratA aura anityatA kA varNana kara zrotA ke mana meM virakti utpanna karanA loka-saMveginI kathA hai deva bhI IrSyA, viSAda, mada, krodha aura lobhAdi se abhibhUta hokara kaSTa prApta karate haiM phira manuSya aura tiryacoM ko kyA bAta ! isa prakAra kA prabhAvotpAdaka varNana kara zrotAoM ko virakta) karanA paraloka saMveginI kathA hai| ye kathAeM viSaya kI dRSTi se gambhIra hone para bhI 1--"vikSepiNoM kathAM tajjJaH kuryAd durmatanigrahe"--ji0mahA0pra0pa0zlo0 135 / tathA--tattha akkhe vaNI maNoNukUlA, vikkhe vaNI maNo-paDikUlA, saMvega-jaNaNI NANuppattikAraNaM, Nivveya-jaNaNI uNa vergguppttii| bhaNiyaM ca guruNA suhmmsaaminnaa| akkhe vaNi akkhittA purisA vikkhe vaNIe vikkhittaa| saMveyaNi saMviggA NiviNNA taha cautthIe ||--udyo0 kuva0, pR0 4, a0 9 / 2--daza0 gA0 199-200, pR0 219 / 3-- daza0 hAri0, pR0 223-224 /

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112 paryApta manoraMjaka aura zikSAprada haiN| saMveginI kathAoM meM ghaTanAeM, paristhitiyAM, vAtAvaraNa Adi kA prayoga caritra citraNa meM sahAyaka upakaraNa ke rUpa meM AtA hai| isa koTi kI kathAoM meM vAhaya vizleSaNa kI apekSA Antarika vizleSaNa ko mahatva diyA jAtA hai / manovikAroM ke vizleSaNa ke sahAre caritra, guNa tathA vyavahAra Adi kA sahaja meM hI nirUpaNa ho jAtA hai / ina kathAoM kA Arambha prAyaH bhUmikA yA pRSThabhUmi ke sAtha hotA hai / jIvana ke prati svastha dRSTikoNa denA aura mAnavIya anubhUtiyoM ko jagAnA ina kathAoM kA lakSya hai / ghaTanAoM aura saMyogoM kI rocakatA bhI inameM rahatI hai| adhikAMza kathAoM ke kathAnaka mAMsala aura rasamaya hote haiM / isa koTi kI kathAoM meM kathAnaka kI zithilatA bhI pAyI jAtI hai / nirvAdinI kathA meM sAMsArika sukha-dukha se sambandha rakhane vAlI aisI bAteM tathyarUpa meM aMkita kI jAtI haiM jinakA prabhAva pUrNatayA nirveda -- AsaktityAga ke liye hotA hai / yoM to sabhI prakAra kI dharmakathAoM kA uddezya AdhyAtmika aura naitika vikAsa hI hai, parantu ukta cAroM prakAra kI dharmakathAoM meM pratipAdana kI zailI bhinna haiM / nivedinI kathA kA svarUpa nimna prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : pAvANaM kammANaM asubhavivAgo kahijjae jattha / iha ya parattha ya loe, kahA u NivveyaNI nAma // thopi pamAyakathaM kammaM sAhijjaI jahi niyamA / paurA suhapariNAmaM kahAi nivveyaNats raso' // nivedinI kathA pApAcaraNa se nivRtta karAne ke lie kahI yA likhI jAtI hai / yaha cAra prakAra kI hotI haiM / isa loka meM kiye gaye duSkarma isI loka meM kaSTa dete haiN| corI, vyabhicAra yA hatyA karane vAle vyakti isI loka meM kaSTa prApta karate haiM, isa prakAra kI nirveda utpanna karane vAlI kathAeM prathama koTi kI nirvedinI kahalAtI haiM / isa bhava meM jo durAcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bhava-bhavAntara meM bhI kaSTa detA hai / kadAcAra yA mithyAcAra karane vAlA vyakti sarvadA duHkha uThAtA hai| vartamAna aura bhAvI ina donoM kAlakhaMDoM meM vaha svakRta mithyAcAra kA phala prApta karatA hai / ataH uparyukta prakAra ke phala kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI kathAeM, dvitIya koTi meM nivedinI kahalAtI haiM paraloka meM kiye gaye karma isa loka meM bhI apanA zubhAzubha phala dete haiM / kor3hI, rogI, daridrI aura apAMga kisI pUrvajanma kRta karma ke dvArA hI vyakti hotA hai / ataH pratyakSa udAharaNa prastuta karane vAlI sarasa kathAoM kA praNayana karanA tIsarI koTi kI nirvedinI kathAeM haiM / cauthe prakAra kI kathAoM meM paraloka meM arjita karma paraloka meM hI kaSTadAyaka hote haiM / vibhinna prakAra ke dukhI prANiyoM kA caritra vizleSaNa karanA, sarasa aura hRdayagrAha ya kathAoM kA praNayana kara virakti utpanna karanA hI ina kathAoM kA lakSya hai| isa kathA kA sambandha prAyaH kalpanA ke sAtha rahatA hai / kathAoM meM rAgatattva aura buddhitatva kI apekSA kalpanAtattva kA bAhulya pAyA jAtA hai / prAyaH sabhI kathAoM kA Arambha aura anta eka-sA hI rahatA hai kathA kA utkarSa madhya meM vartamAna rahatA hai / lokatatva kI 1- daza0 gA0 201-202, pR0 219 /

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113 kamI bhI ina kathAoM meM nahIM rahatI haiM / patanonmukha mAnava samAja kA citraNa isa vicAra se karanA ki jagata kA -- usake guNa, avaguNa kA jJAna pratyakSa rUpa meM upalabdha ho sake / pApa aura vAsanAmaya vAtAvaraNa se Upara uThakara apane karttavyapakSa ko samajhanA aura usapara agrasara honA hI ina kathAoM kA mukhya lakSya hai / nivedinI kathAoM kA zilpa saMzliSTa haiM, isameM dharmakathAoM ke sabhI rUpa mizrita rahate haiM / isa prakAra kI kathAoM meM eka prakAra se caritra kA recakIkaraNa hotA hai / mizra yA saMkIrNa kathA kI prazaMsA sabhI prAkRta kathAkAroM ne kI hai / arthaka, kAmakathA aura dharmakathA ina tInoM kA sammizraNa isa vidhA meM pAyA jAtA hai / isameM kathAsUtra, thIma, kathAnaka, pAtra aura dezakAla yA paristhiti Adi pramukha tatva varttamAna haiM | manoraMjana aura kutUhala ke sAtha janma-janmAntaroM ke kathAnakoM kI jaTilatA sundara DhaMga se vartamAna haiM / saMkIrNa kathAoM ke pradhAna viSaya rAjAoM yA vIroM ke zaurya, prema, nyAya, jJAna, dAna, zIla, vairAgya, samudrI yAtrAoM ke sAhasa, AkAza tathA anya agamya parvatIya pradezoM ke prANiyoM ke astitva, svarga-naraka ke vistRta varNana, krodha-mAna- mAyA-lobhamoha Adi ke duSpariNAma evaM ina vikAroM kA manovaijJAnika citraNa Adi hai / dazakAlika meM isa kathA kA svarUpa nimna prakAra batalAyA gayA hai: dhammo atyo kAmo uvaissai janta suttakavvesuM / loge ve samaya sA u kahA mIsiyA NAma' / 211 jisa kathA meM dharma, artha aura kAma ina tInoM puruSArthoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mizrakathA kahalAtI haiM / sA punaH kathA "mizrA " mizrA nAma saMkIrNa puruSArthAbhidhAnAt arthAt jisa kathA meM kisI eka puruSArtha kI pramukhatA nahIM ho aura tInoM hI puruSArtho kA tathA sabhI rasoM aura bhAvoM kA mizrita rUpa pAyA jAya vaha kathAvidhA mizrA yA saMkIrNA hai / AcArya haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM lagabhaga uparyukta arthavAlI kathA ko mizrakathA kahA hai / para unakI paribhASA' meM eka navInatA yaha hai ki unhoMne ise udAharaNa, hetu aura kAraNoM se samarthita bhI mAnA hai / janma-janmAntaroM ke kathAjAla samasta rasoM se yukta hokara hI pAThakoM kA anuraMjana kara sakate haiM / kathAsUtroM ko asaMbhava nahIM honA cAhie, balki inakA saMbhava aura sulabha honA paramAvazyaka hai / anubhUtiyoM kI pUrNataH abhivyakti kI kSamatA saMkIrNa yA mizra kathA meM hI rahatI hai / jIvana kI sabhI saMbhAvanAeM, rahasya evaM saundaryAdhAna ke upakaraNoM ne jise dharmakathA kahA hai, vaha bhI lakSaNoM kI dRSTi se saMkIrNa yA mizrakathA hI hai / samarAiccakahA ko 1 -- daza0 gA0 266, pR0 227 / 2- daza0 hAri0, pR0 228 / 3 - jA uNa tivaggI vAyANasaMbaddhA, kavvakahA -- ganthatthavittharaviraiyA, soiya-peya, samayapasiddhA, udAharaNa - - heu - kAraNovaveyA sA saMkiSNa kahatti vuppai / - - yAko0 sama0 pR0 3 / tathA-- " puNo savvalabhavaNA saMpAiya-tivaggA saMkiNNAtti" -- udyo0 kula0, pR04, a0 8 / 8--22 eDu0

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114 haribhadra ne dharmakathA nAma diyA hai, para AdyopAnta lakSaNa milAne se vaha saMkIrNa kathA ThaharatI hai| artha aura kAma puruSArtha kI abhivyaMjanA prAyaH pratyeka bhava kI kathA meM huI hai| dharmatattva ke sAtha artha aura kAmatasva kA sammizraNa bhI dUdha meM cInI ke samAna huA hai| varNanAtmaka zailI kA nikhAra saMkIrNa kathA meM hI saMbhava hai| ataH prAkRta kathAoM meM saMkIrNa yA mizra kathA-vidhA kA bahulatA se prayoga milatA hai| carita aura AkhyAnoM meM bhI yahI vidhA vidyamAna hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se kiye gaye uparyukta AkhyAna sAhitya ke vargIkaraNa ko (1) dharmakathA, (2) nItikathA, (3) premAkhyAna, (4) rAjana tika kathA, (5) sAmAjika kathA aura (6) loka-kathA ke rUpa meM rakha sakate haiN| yaha vargIkaraNa kathA kA prasAra karanevAle viSaya arthanIti, rAjanIti, samAja evaM vibhinna manovyApAroM se saMbaMdha rakhatA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se kathAoM meM viSaya kA upayoga yA vyavahAra do prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai (1) kathA kA pratipAdya viSaya, (2) kathA ke lie AdhAra upasthita karane vAlA viSaya / Adhunika kahAnI sAhitya meM pratipAdya viSaya ke antargata ghaTanA, kArya, caritra, vAtAvaraNa aura prabhAva Adi grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| AdhAra upasthita karane vAloM meM itihAsa, rAjanIti, samAja, romAnsa, manovijJAna aura AMcalika rIti-rivAja Adi kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| arthakathA, kAmakathA Adi kathAoM ke vargIkaraNa ke sAtha tulanA karane para avagata hogA ki ukta vargIkaraNa meM pratipAdya aura AdhAra upasthita karane vAle viSaya meM bhinnatA nahIM rakhI hai| dharma, artha aura kAma ye tInoM puruSArtha pratipAdya bhI hai aura ye tInoM kathAvistAra ke lie AdhAra bhI upasthita karate hai| yataH ukta kathAvidhAoM meM vAtAvaraNa aura paristhitiyAM isI prakAra kI nirmita kI gayI hai, jisase samAja kA tripuruSArthAtmaka rUpa sAmane upasthita hotA hai| ghaTanA, kArya aura vAtAvaraNa bhI puruSArthoM se bhinna nahIM hai| ghaTanApradhAna meM dharma, artha yA prema sambandhI koI ghaTanA sAmane AtI hai aura usakA adbhuta yojanAsauSThava pAThaka ko prabhAvita karatA hai| Arambha se anta taka kathA kI vividha ghaTanAeM kutUhala kI zrRMkhalA meM baMdhakara calatI haiM aura uttarottara pAThaka kI jijJAsA ko uttejita karatI hai| jahAM jAkara pAThaka kI jijJAsA zAMta hotI hai, vahAM usake samakSa artha, prema, dharma yA koI nIti upasthita ho jAtI hai| koI trivargIya puruSArtha kI samasyA AtI hai, jo ghaTanAoM kA rocaka vidhAna saMyogoM aura atiprAkata prasaMgoM kA sahArA lie hue trivargIya puruSArtha kA koI eka rUpa upasthita kara detI hai| ghaTanApradhAna yA kAryapradhAna kathAoM meM puruSArtha se bhinna anya koI tasva nahIM milatA hai| puruSArtha ke AdhAra para vargIkRta kathAoM meM upAdeyatA aura upayogitA ina donoM tattvoM kA rahanA Avazyaka hotA hai| zuddha manoraMjana kA lakSya ina kathAoM meM nahIM rahatA, balki ve mAnava kI vibhinna pravRttiyoM aura usakI saMvedanAoM ko jAgrata kara usake sAmane eka nizcita Adarza prastuta karatI haiN| pAThaka amAnavIya kRtyoM ko nindanIya, avAMchanIya samajhatA hai aura jIvanotthAna ke mArga meM agrasara hotA hai| saMkIrNa kathAoM ko sabase adhika upAdeya isIlie mAnA gayA hai, ki ye puruSArthoM ke mibhita rUpa ko AkarSaka rUpa se rakhatI hai|

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115 samarAiccakahA' aura lIlAvaIkahA' meM pAtroM ke prakAroM ke AdhAra para divya, mAnuSa aura divya mAnuSa ye tIna bheda kathA ke kie gaye haiM, jinameM divyaloka ke vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kathA kI ghaTanAeM ghaTatI haiM athavA jo devI ghaTanAoM ke dvArA prabhAvita hote haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki jinameM divyaloka ke vyaktiyoM ke kriyAkalApa se kathAnaka aura kathAvastu kA nirmANa hotA hai, ve kathAeM divya kathAeM kahalAtI haiM / bhAratIya AkhyAna sAhitya meM jisa prakAra jIva-jantuoM kI kathAeM nihita haiM, usI prakAra devoM kI kathAeM bhI / AlocakoM ne parIkathA ( Fairy tales) -- isI prakAra kI kathAoM ko kahA hai| isa prakAra kI kathAoM meM ghaTanAoM kI bahulatA aura pradhAnatA to rahatI hai, sAtha hI kathAoM meM nAnA prakAra ke mor3a bhI rahate haiN| manoraMjana aura kutUhala tattva kI saghanatA, kAvyAdi ke zRMgAra rasoM kI nibaddhatA evaM zailI kI svacchatA divyakathAoM ke pramukha guNa haiM / ina kathAoM kA sabase bar3A doSa yaha hai ki divyaloka ke pAtra itanI UMcAI para sthita rahate haiM, jisase pAThaka unataka nahIM pahuMca pAtA aura na unake caritra se Aloka hI grahaNa kara pAtA hai / ve pAtra zraddheya hote haiM, unake prati zraddhA utpanna kI jA sakatI hai, unake bhayaMkara kAryoM se bhayabhIta huA jA sakatA hai, para unake sAtha ghula-milakara pAThaka nahIM raha sakatA hai / pAtroM kI isa UMcAI kI dUrI ke kAraNa ina kathAoM meM citragrAhiNI kathA zakti ke rahane para bhI lokapriyatA to prAyaH rahatI haiM, para ve hamAre lie Adarza nahIM hote / sAmAjika stara para prema aura karttavya kI vivecanA kA abhAva bhI rahatA hU~ / varNana kauzala aura kathopakathana kI kalA ke prasphuTita rahane para bhI svAbhAvikatA aura sajIvatA kI kamI sarvadA khaTakatI rahatI hai / mAnuSa - kathA meM pAtra manuSyaloka ke hI rahate haiM / unake caritra meM pUrNa mAnavatA hai / caritra kI kamiyAM, usake Adarza evaM utthAna-patana kI vibhinna sthitiyAM, manovikAroM kI vArIkiyAM aura mAnava kI vibhinna samasyAeM isa koTi kI kathAoM meM vizeSa rUpa se pAyI jAtI haiN| vartamAna kI kahAnI manuSyaloka ke bhItara kI hI hai / vaha divyaloka yA jIva-jantuloka ke bAhara hI raha jAtI haiN| isa kathA ke pAtra sajIva aura jIvaTa hote haiM / unake sAhasika kArya pAThaka ko Azcarya meM DAlane ke sAtha AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNa kI sthiti meM bhI le jAte haiM / ina kathAoM kA dharAtala paryApta vistRta hotA haiN| inameM vizvavyApaka prabhAva aura racanA nai puNya sarvatra upalabdha hotA hai / inameM kahIM kutUhala, kahIM ghaTanA - vaM citrya, kahIM hAsya-vinoda aura kahIM gambhIra upadeza varttamAna haiM / divyamAnuSI kathA bahuta sundara mAnI gaI hai / isameM manuSya aura deva donoM prakAra ke pAtra rahate haiM / isa koTi kI kathA kA kathAjAla bahuta hI saghana aura kalAtmaka hotA | kautUhala kavi na e "lIlAvAIkahA" ko divya mAnuSI kathA kahA hai| usane batAyA 1 - - divvaM, divvamANusaM, mANusaM ca / tattha divvaM nAma jattha kevalameva devacariaM vaNijjai / emeya muddha juyaI - manoharaM pAyayAe bhAsAe / pavirala desi sulakkhaM kahasu kahaM divva mANusiyaM // taM taha soUNa puNo bhaNiyaM uvvibivaM-bANa- hariNacchi / jai evaM tA suNNavva susaMdhi baMdhaM kahA-vatthu // -- yA0 sama0, pR0 2 | 2-- taM jaha divvA taha divva mANusI mANusI tahacceya -- lIlA0 gA0 35 / 3 - - mANusaM tu jattha kevalaM mANucariyaM ti - - yA0 sama0, pR0 2 / 4 -- lIlA gA0 41 42, pR0 11 /

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arthAt kavi kI patnI ne kavi se Agraha kiyA ki Apa prAkRta bhASA meM sIdhIsAdI yuvati striyoM ke lie manohara aura idhara-udhara ke dezI zabdoM se sulalita divyamAnuSI kathA khiye| abhiprAya yaha hai ki aisI kathA kahiye, jo daivI tathA mAnuSI ghaTanAoM se sambaddha ho| apanI priyA ke isa prakAra ke anurodha ko sunakara kavi ne kahA--he trasta bAlahiraNa ke samAna caMcala netravAlI! yadi aisI bAta hai to phira prasaMgayukta suvyavasthita kathAvastu ko suno| / isase spaSTa hai ki divya-mAnuSI kathA bar3I sarasa aura AkarSaka hotI hai| yaha mArmika aura bhAvapradhAna vidhA hai| isa kathA meM eka sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki caritra aura ghaTanA ina donoM kA saMtulana pUrNarUpa se rahatA hai| mArmika sthala manoraMjana aura rasavarSaNa ina donoM kAryoM ko karate haiN| divya-mAnuSI kathA meM vyaMjaka ghaTanAeM aura vArtAlApa gambhIra manobhAvoM kA sRjana karate haiN| paristhitiyoM ke vizada aura mArmika citraNoM meM nAnA prakAra ke ghAta-pratighAta parilakSita hote haiN| vibhinna vargoM ke saMskAra--jinakA sambandha deva aura manuSyoM se hai, spaSTa dRSTigocara hote haiN| prema kA puTa yA saMyoga ina kathAoM meM avazya rahatA hai| kisI daivI abhizApa ke kAraNa premI-premikA vichur3a jAte haiM, unakA punaH saMyoga kisI daivI ghaTanA ke ghaTita hone para hI hotA hai| kathAnaka meM nAnA prakAra kI vakratA, caritra meM uccAvacatA evaM hAsya-vyaMgya kA sundara sammizraNa ina kathAoM kA pradhAna upajIvya hai| sAhasapUrNa yAtrAeM, nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke vibhinna prakAra ke premAkarSaNa evaM saundarya ke vibhinna rUpa divyamAnuSI kathA meM pAye jAte haiN| manoraMjana ke sAtha caritra vikAsa kI pUrI gaMjAiza rahatI hai| prAkRta kathAoM meM ve hI kathAeM divya-mAnaSI kahI jAyaMgI, jinameM divyaloka aura manuSyaloka ko mAtra ghaTanAeM hI vaNita na hoM, apitu kucha aise prabhAvaka mathitArtha bhI upalabdha hoM, jinakA sambandha lokajIvana se ho| prAkRta sAhitya meM kathAoM kA tIsarA vargIkaraNa bhASA ke AdhAra para bhI upalabdha hotA hai| sthUla rUpa se saMskRta, prAkRta aura mizra ye tIna bhASAeM hone ke kAraNa kathAsAhitya bhI tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| batAyA hai-- aNNaM sakkaya-pAyaya-saMkiNNa-bihA suvnnnn-riyaao| suvvaMti mahA-kai-puMgavehi vivihAu sukahAo // saMskRta, prAkRta aura mizrabhASA meM sundara zabdoM komalakAnta padAvaliyoM meM racI huI mahAkaviyoM kI vividha kathAeM sunI jAtI haiN| ataH bhASA kI dRSTi se kathAoM ke tIna bheda ho sakate haiN| udyotanasUri ne sthApatya ke AdhAra para kathAoM ke pAMca bheda kiye haiN| 1--lIlA0 gA0 36, pR0 10 /

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117 tAo puNa paMca kahAmro / taM jhaa| sayalakahA, khaMDakahA, ullAvakahA, parihAsakahA, tahAvarA kahiya tti-saMkiNNa kahatti / arthAt sakalakathA, khaMDakathA, ullApakathA, parihAsakathA aura sNkiirnnkthaa| sakalakathA kI paribhASA kAvyAnuzAsana meM nimna prakAra batalAyI gayI hai| samastaphalAntati vRttavarNanA samarAdityAdivat sakalakathA / jisake anta meM samasta phaloM--- abhISTa vastu kI prApti ho jAya, aisI ghaTanA kA varNana sakalakathA meM hotA hai| sakalakathA meM vRttAnta eka hotA hai aura uddezya aneka / sakalakathA kA prayoga prAkRta bhASA meM hI huA hai| isa koTi kI racanAoM meM kulakAdi cAra se adhika zlokoM ke anvaya ke bahala prayoga hone se dIrgha samAsa bhI pAye jAte haiN| sakalakathA meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM kA varNana rahatA hai| zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa, prabhRti sabhI rasoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa kathA kA nAyaka koI atyanta puNyAtmA, sahanazIla aura Adarza caritra vAlA hotA hai| yaha pratinAyaka ke sAtha sadvyavahAra karatA hai, pratinAyaka ko hara taraha se sukha pahuMcAnA cAhatA hai| bAddhapUrvaka pratinAyaka kA yaha tanika bhI barA nahIM karatA hai, para pratinAyaka atyanta khala hotA hai, ataH vaha sarvadA hI nAyaka kA burA karatA hai| janma-janmAntara ke saMskAra itane prabala aura sazakta rahate haiM, jisase vyakti kA vyaktitva mUchita-sA rahatA hai __ saMskRta ke alaMkAra granthoM meM AkhyAyikA, kathA, kathAnikA, khaMDakathA, parikathA, sakalakathA, AkhyAna, upAkhyAna, citrakathA aura upakathA ye dasa bheda pAye jAte haiN| inameM AkhyAyikA aura kathA mukhya hai| amarakoSa meM "AkhyAyikopalabdhArthA (1 / 6 / 5) aura "prabandhakalpanA kathA" (1 / 6 / 6) arthAt anubhUta viSaya kA pratipAdana karane vAlI AkhyAyikA aura vAkya vistAra kI kalpanA karane vAlI kathA hotI hai / kathA aura AkhyAyikA meM nimna antara hai :-- (1) kathA kavikalpita hotI hai, AkhyAyikA aitihAsika itivRtta para avalambita (2) kathA meM vaktA svayaM nAyaka athavA anya koI rahatA hai, AkhyAyikA meM nAyaka svayaM vaktA hotA hai / AkhyAyikA ko hama eka prakAra se AtmakathA kaha sakate haiN| (3) AkhyAyikA kA vibhAga adhyAyoM meM kiyA jAtA hai, jinheM ucchvAsa kahate hai, tathA usameM vaktra tathA apavaktra chanda ke padyoM kA samAveza rahatA hai , para kathA meM nhiiN| (4) kathA meM kanyAharaNa, saMgrAma, vipralambha, sUryodaya, candrodayAdi viSayoM kA varNana rahatA hai, para AkhyAyikA meM nhiiN| (5) kathA meM lekhaka kisI abhiprAya se kucha aise zabdoM kA (kaicavarDa sa) prayoga karatA hai, jo kathA aura AkhyAyikA meM bheda sthApita karate haiN| --saMskRta sA0 rUpa0 pR0 231 / / kathAnikA vaha racanA hai jisakI ghaTanA bhayAnaka (romAMcakArI) athavA AnandadAyaka hotI hai| isakA mUla rasa karuNa hai aura anta meM adbhuta rasa A jAtA hai| AkhyAna kucha bar3I kathA aura upAkhyAna usase bhI choTI kathA hai| sAhasika kathAoM kI gaNanA citrakathAoM meM kI jAtI hai| 1--kuva0 pR0 4 a0 7 / - 2--he ma0 kAvyA0 a0 5, sUtra 9-10, pR0 465 /

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118 saMskArAdhIna hI use samasta kArya karane par3ate haiM / Ajakala kI saphala kahAnI isI sakalakathA kA eka saMskaraNa haiM / khaMDakathA kA varNana karate hue hemacandra ne batAyA hai -- madhyAdupAntato vA granthAntaraprasiddhamitivRttaM yasyAM varNyate sA indumatyAdivat khaMDakathA 1 1 jisakA mukhya itivRtta racanA ke madhya meM yA anta ke samIpa meM likhA jAya, use khaMDakathA kahate haiM, jaise indumatI / eka dezavarNana khaMDakathA hai / khaMDakathA kA zAbdika artha kathA ke kisI aMza se haiM / khaMDakathA kI kathAvastu bahuta choTI hotI haiM, jIvana kA laghucitra hI upasthita karatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kaha sakate haiM ki prAkRta kathA sAhitya kI vaha vidhA hai, jisameM madhyasthAna meM mAmikatA rahatI hai / nihita upaveza jala para chor3a gaye tailabindu ke samAna prasArita hote rahate haiM / madhya meM ullAvakathA eka prakAra kI sAhasika kathAeM haiM, jinameM samudrayAtrA yA sAhasapUrvaka kiye gaye prema kA nirUpaNa rahatA hai / inameM asaMbhava aura durghaTa kAryoM kI vyAkhyA bhI rahatI hai / ullAvakathA kA uddezya nAyaka ke mahatvapUrNa kAryoM ko upasthita kara pAThaka ko nAyaka ke caritra kI ora le jAnA hai / kathA kI isa vidhA meM dezI zabdoM kA prayoga, komalakAnta lalita padAvalI ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai / ullAvakathA meM dharmacarcA kA rahanA nitAnta Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai yadyapi isakI padAvalI choTI-choTI hotI haiM / lekhaka bhAvoM ko kuzalatA aura gahanatA ke sAtha nibaddha karatA hai / / parihAsakathA hAsya-vyaMgyAtmaka kathA hai / isameM kisI aise tathya ko upasthita kiyA jAtA hai jo hAsyotpAdana meM athavA vyaMgyAtmakatA kA sRjana karane meM sahAyaka ho / hAsyotpAdaka yA vyaMgyAtmaka tathya hI hAsya-vyaMgyAtmaka kathA kI jAna hai / sAmAnyataH hAsa ke cAra bheda milate haiM -- mandahAsa, kalahAsa, atihAsa evaM parihAsa / bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra meM hAsa ke chaH bheda batalAye haiM" / smita, hasita, vihasita, upahasita, apahasita aura atihAsita / smitahAsya meM kapoloM ke nicale bhAga para haMsI kI halkI chAyA rahatI hai, kaTAkSasauSThava samucita rahatA hai tathA dAMta nahIM jhalakate / hasita meM mukha-netra adhika utphulla ho jAte haiM, kapoloM para hAsya prakaTa rahatA hai, tathA dAMta bhI kucha-kucha dikhalAI par3ate haiM / vihasita meM AMkha aura kapola AkuMcita ho jAte haiM, madhura svara ke sAtha mukha para lAlimA jhalaka jAtI hai / upahasita meM nAka phUla jAnA, dRSTi meM kuTilatA kA A jAnA tathA kandhe aura sira kA saMkucita ho jAnA zAmila hai / asamaya para haMsanA, haMsate hue AMkhoM meM AMsuoM kA A jAnA tathA kandhe aura sira kA hilane laganA apahasita lakSaNa haiN| netroM tIvratA se AMsU AnA, ThahAkA mArakara jora se haMsanA atihasita haiM / parihAsa meM kevala hAsa ke kAraNoM ko yA isa prakAra kI ghaTanAoM ko upasthita kiyA jAtA hai, jo hAsya kA saMcAra karane meM sakSama hoM / parihAsa kathA meM hAsya vyaMgya kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai, kathA ke anya tatvoM kI nahIM / prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM uparyukta kathAvidhAoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai / hemacandra ne apane kAvyAnuzAsana meM kathAoM ke bAraha bheda batalAye haiM / 1 - hama0 kAvyA0 pra0 5 sUtra 9-10 pR0 465 / 3--1 -- smitamatha hasitaM vihasitamupahasiJcApahasitamatihasitam / - bhedI syAtAmuttamamadhyamAdhamaprakRtau // - bha0 nA0 6 / 52 caukhambA saMskaraNa

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119 (1) AlyAyikA, (2) kathA, (3) AlyAna, (4) nivarzana, (5) pravalihakA, (6) manthallikA, (7) maNikulyA, (8) parikathA, (6) khaMDakathA, (10) sakalakathA, (11) upakathA aura (12) bRhtkthaa| dhIra prazAnta nAyaka ke dvArA saMskRta gadya meM apanA vRttAnta likhA jAnA AkhyAyikA aura samasta bhASAoM meM gadya-padya meM likhA jAnA kathA hai| upAkhyAna prabandha kA eka bhAga hai, jo dUsaroM ke prabodhana ke lie likhA jAya, jaise nalopAkhyAna / AkhyAna abhinaya paThana athavA gAyana ke rUpa meM eka granthika dvArA kahA gayA hotA hai--jaise govindAkhyAna / aneka prakAra kI ceSTAoM dvArA jahAM kArya aura akArya-ucita-anucita kA nizcaya kiyA jAya, vahAM nidarzana hotA hai| jaise--pNctntr| isameM dhUrta, viTa, kuTTinI, mayUra aura mArjAra Adi pAtra hote haiN| jahAM do vivAdoM meM se eka kI pradhAnatA dikhAI jAya, aura jo ardhaprAkRta meM likhI gaI ho, vaha pravalhikA hai, jaise--ceTaka / preta-mahArASTrI bhASA meM likhita kSudrakathA kA nAma "matallikA" hai, jaise anNgvtii| isa vidhA meM purohita, amAtya, tApasa Adi vyaktiyoM kI carcA bhI ho sakatI hai| jisakA pUrvavRtta racanA ke prArambha meM prakAzita na hokara bAda meM prakAzita ho, vaha maNikulyA hai, jaise matsyahasita / . dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa meM se kisI eka puruSArthI ke uddezya ko lekara likhI gaI aneka vRttAntoM vAlI varNanapradhAna racanA parikathA hai, jaise zUdraka / jisakA mukhya itivRtta racanA ke madhya meM yA anta ke samIpa likhA jAya use khaMDakathA kahate haiN| jaMse indumtii| sakalakathA vaha itivRtta hai, jisake anta meM samasta phaloM kI siddhi ho jAya jaise samarAditya / prasiddha kathA ke antargata kisI bhI eka pAtra ke Azraya arthavAlI racanA kA nAma bRhatkathA hai / ___ DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne bRhatkathAkoza kI apanI aMgrejI prastAvanA meM varNya viSaya aura zailI ke AdhAra para samasta jaina kathA vAGmaya ko nimna pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prAkRta kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa bhI inhIM vibhAgoM meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai : (1) prabandha paddhati meM zalAkA puruSoM ke carita / (2) tIrthakara yA zalAkA puruSoM meM se kisI eka vyakti kA vistRta carita / (3) romANTika dharma kthaaeN| (4) ardha-aitihAsika prabandha kthaaeN| (5) upadezaprada kathAoM ke saMgraha kathAkoza / jina vyaktiyoM kA caritra anya logoM ke liye anukaraNIya hotA hai aura jo apane jIvana meM samAja kA koI vizeSa kArya karate hai, tathA jinameM sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM kI apekSA aneka vizeSatAeM aura camatkAra pAye jAte haiM, ve zalAkApuruSa kahalAte haiN| zalAkAe ruSa 63 mAne gaye haiN| ina zalAkA paruSoM kI jIvana gAthAnoM ko paurANika zailI meM varNita karanA prathama prakAra kI kathAeM hai| prAkRta meM zIlAMka sAra kA cauppanna mahApurisacariyaM nAmaka bRhada kathAgraMtha isa zailI kA upalabdha haiN| ina caritoM meM paurANika tattvoM kI bharamAra hai| / dUsare prakAra kI kathAlI meM zalAkA puruSoM meM se kisI eka mahApuruSa ke kathA sUtra ko avalambita kara isameM unakI pUrva bhavAvalI tathA anya saMbaddha vyaktiyoM ke caritoM ko milAkara kathAoM kI racanA kI gaI hai| ye saba kathA grantha paurANika zailI ke haiN| ina granthoM meM ikSvAkavaMza, harivaMza Adi rAjavaMzIya napoM ke athavA Adi dharmatI jinavIroM ke, bharata, sagara Adi cakravatiyoM ke, nami, vinami Adi vidyAdharoM ke, puMDarIka 1--hema0 kA0 a0 8 sU0 7-8, pa0462-463, 464-465 / 2-~inTroDakzana, bRhatkathAkoSa, pR0 35 /

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120 Adi muniyoM ke, brAhamI sundarI Adi satI sAdhviyoM ke, rAma, kRSNa, rudra Adi vaidika dharma meM mAne jAne vAle IzvarAvatArIya vyaktiyoM ke evaM saudharmendra, camarendra Adi devatAoM ke vistRta varNana nibaddha rahate haiM / tIsare prakAra meM romAnI DhaMga se prastuta kI gaI dhArmika kathAeM haiN| inheM AkhyAyikA yA kathA kahA jA sakatA hai / ina kathAoM meM lokaprasiddha kisI nArI, athavA puruSa kI jIvana ghaTanA ko kendra banAkara varNana ko kAvyamaya zailI meM zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa Adi rasoM meM alaMkRta karake likhA jAtA isa koTi kI kathAoM meM janma-janmAntara ko ghaTanA jAla ko itane saghanarUpa se gUMthA jAtA hai, jisase pAThaka ke samakSa kAryaphala evaM azubha karmoM se vicikitsA utpanna ho jAtI hai / isa zailI ko hama drAkSApAka zailI bhI kaha sakate haiM / zrotA yA pAThakoM ke lie atyanta rucikara hone ke sAtha mAnasika svAsthya kA saMvardhana karatI hai / kathAkAra kalpanA aura paurANikatA kA itanA sundara mizraNa karatA hai, jisase kathA meM apUrva rasAsvAda utpanna hotA hai / rasika kathA varNana kevala manoraMjana hI utpanna nahIM karate haiM, kintu inameM nihita upadeza eka vicitra prakAra kI sphUrti utpanna karate haiM / cauthe prakAra kI ve kathAeM haiM, jinheM ardha - aitihAsika prabandha kaha sakate haiN| inameM bhagavAn mahAvIra, tathA unake samakAlIna rAjakIya vyakti, vyApArI, zreSThI samudAya, dharmArAdhaka, dharmapracAraka Adi ke carita aMkita rahate haiM / ina caritoM meM anya puruSAtmaka zailI ke darzana hote haiM / isa paddhati meM jo varNana Ate haiM, unheM vivaraNAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra ke kathA lekhaka ko ghaTanAoM, paristhitiyoM, vAtAvaraNa, pAtra ke caritra, usakI bhAvanAoM, vicAroM aura vizvAsoM kA pUrA-pUrA jJAna rahatA hai / yaha apanI ora se kathA kI ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai, pAtroM kA paricaya evaM unake caritra ke guNa doSoM para TIkA-TippaNI karatA hai / prAkRtika dRzyoM kA citraNa, pAtroM ke manovikAroM kA vizleSaNa, sthiti paristhiti kI avatAraNA aura unakA vivecana karatA calatA hai / isa prakAra kI kathAeM itihAsa aura kAvya ke madhya kA kArya karatI haiM / kutUhala aura manoraMjana ye donoM tatva isa prakAra kI kathAzailI meM bharapUra pAye jAte haiM / ghaTanAoM kI avatAraNA, mArjArAvataraNa, ghaTAvataraNa aura madyAvataraNa ke rUpa meM hotI hai / billI UMcAI se kUdatI haiM aura paMjoM ke bala khar3I ho jAtI hai / isakA jhapaTanA yA kUdanA ekAeka hotA hai, yaha tabhI kUdatI hai, jaba ise yaha vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki use koI dekha nahIM rahA hai / isI prakAra ghaTanAeM ekAeka upasthita hotI haiM, pAThaka kalpanA kucha karatA hai aura lekhaka koI dUsarI hI ghaTanA kI dizA upasthita kara detA hai / ghaTavataraNa kA Azaya una ghaTanAoM se haiM, jo pahale se calI AtI huI ekAeka lupta ho jAtI haiM aura naI ghaTanAeM yA naye kathAnaka kathA meM mor3a utpanna karane lagate haiM / jisa prakAra ghar3A pRthvI para girate hI cUra-cUra ho jAtA hai, usakA astitva rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra pahale se calI AI huI kathAoM kA vilayana yA rUpAntarita ho, kathA naye rUpa meM prakaTa ho jAtI hai / ghaTanAoM meM naye-naye mor3a utpanna hote haiM / dyAvataraNa se tAtparya yaha hai ki jahAM kathAoM kA vitAna- sAtatya sarvadA banA rahe aura kathAjAla pUrNa saghana ho / yaha sthiti rasa-AsvAdana meM bar3I sahAyaka hotI hai / para isa zailI meM eka doSa bhI hai ki pAThaka jaldI Uba jAtA hai / pAMcaveM prakAra kI kathAoM kA saMgraha kathAkozoM meM kiyA gayA hai / ina kathAoM kA uddezya dAna, pUjA, bhakti, vrata, anuSThAna Adi kI ora janatA ko lagAnA hai / sadAcAra, naitika upadeza, lokaraMjaka AkhyAna Adi bhI inameM garbhita haiM / AkAra kI dRSTi me isa varga kI kathAeM choTI hotI haiM / samAja aura jIvana kI vikRtiyoM para ina kathAoM meM pUrA prakAza DAlA jAtA hai / isa prakAra kI kathAeM gadya yA padya meM athavA donoM meM ho pAyI jAtI haiM /

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121 prAkRta kathAoM kA sthApatya sthApatya kA bodha aMgrejI ke "TekanIka" zabda se kiyA jAtA hai| TekanIka kA artha hai DhaMga, vidhAna, tarIkA, jisake mAdhyama se kisI lakSya kI pUtti kI gaI ho| kalA ke kSetra meM lakSya kA tAtparya hai--sampUrNa bhAvAbhivyakti kA prkaar| kalA ke vibhinna tattvoM athavA upakaraNoM kI yojanA kA vaha vidhAna, vaha DhaMga, jisase kalAkAra kI anubhUti amUrta se mUrta ho jaay| pratyeka kalA kI sRSTi aura preraNA ke liye anubhUti aura lakSya hI mukhya tatva haiN| jaise koI citrakAra apanI anubhUti kI rekhAoM aura vibhinna raMgoM ke AnupAtika saMyoga se abhivyakta karatA hai, amUrta anubhUti ko mUrtarUpa pradAna karatA hai| isa uddezya kI siddhi ke liye use eka aisI saMvedanA ko AdhArazilA banAnA hotA hai, jisakI pRSThabhUmi para vaha apanI anubhUti ko vyakta kara ske| ataeva isa uddezya kI siddhi meM kathAvastu ke bIja aMkurita karane par3ate haiM, pazcAt use bhAvoM ko vahana karane ke liye kucha pAtroM kI avatAraNA karanI par3atI hai| isa prakAra tattva aura pAtra avatAraNA ke anantara usa citrakAra kA prayatna isa bAta kA rahatA hai ki vaha kina-kina raMgoM, paripAvoM ke sahAre, pAtroM ko kahAM-kahAM rakhe, kina-kina paristhitiyoM kI vyaMjanA kare, jisase abhivyaMjita hone vAle bhAva ghanIbhUta ho jaayeN| citrakAra ne jisa prayatna ke sahAre apane citra ko pUrNa kiyA hai, vaha usakI zailI mAnA jAyagA aura bhAvAbhivyakti kI samasta prakriyA TekanIka yA sthApatya kahI jaaygii| kathA meM bhAvoM ko nizcita rUpa dene ke liye jo vidhAna prastuta kiye jAte hai, jisa prakriyA ko apanAyA jAtA hai, vahI usakA sthApatya hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki nizcita lakSya athavA ekAnta prabhAva kI pUtti ke lie kathA kI racanA meM jo eka vidhAnAtmaka prakriyA upasthita karanI par3atI hai, vahI usakI zilpavidhi sthApatya hai| kathA meM anubhUti kI abhivyakti ke lie usake anurUpa eka lakSya kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai' aura lakSya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie eka mUlabhAva kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai / __kuzala kalAkAra sarvaprathama eka kathAvastu kI yojanA karatA hai, kathAvastu kI anviti ke lie pAtra gar3hatA hai, unake caritroM kA utthAna-patana dikhalAtA hai| anantara rUpaza lI yA nirmANazailI ke sahAre ghaTanAeM ghaTane lagatI hai aura kathA madhyavinduoM kA sparza karatI huI carama pariNati ko prApta hotI hai| isa kArya ke liye varNana, citraNa, vAtAvaraNanirmANa, kathopakathana evaM aneka parivezoM kI yojanA kathAkAra ko karanI par3atI hai| yaha sArI yojanA sthApatya ke antargata AtI hai / kalA meM saundarya kA vicAra karate samaya vastu aura AkRti (Contents and Forms) donoM hI grahaNa kiye jAte haiM kalA kA vAstavika saundarya ucita vastu kA ucita AkRti meM prakAzana hI liyA jAtA hai| vastu ke bajAya vinyAsa kI navInatA kI bhI apanI svatantratA hai| zabda vinyAsa kI nUtanatA yA vastu ke niyojana kA kauzala sundara hotA hai| sAhitya kI maulikatA meM vastu ke bajAya prakAzabhaMgI kI mahattA mAnI gayI hai| kyoMki bhAva vicAra to yuga yA vyakti vizeSa kA nahIM hotA, vaha sArvajanIna aura sArvakAlika hI hotA hai| nayA yuga aura naye sraSTA use jisa kuzalatA se niyojita karate haiM sAhitya ko maulikatA usI meM mAnI jAtI hai| ?--siyano phai oilo likhita dI zaoNrTa sTorI, pR0 173 / 2--haM0 tivArI li0 kalA0, pR0 114-115 /

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122 isase spaSTa haiM ki bhAva se adhika mahatva usake prakAzana kA hai ! prakAzana prakriyA ko zailI kA nAma diyA jAtA hai / sthApatya vaha sarvAMgINa prakriyA hai, jisameM anubhUti aura lakSya ke sAtha kathAvastu kI yojanA, caritra avatAraNA, pariveza kalpanA evaM bhAva saghanatA kA yathocita rUpa meM prakAzana kiyA jAya / bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra meM lagabhaga sthApatya ke artha meM sarvaprathama vRtti aura pazcAt roti zabda pracalita rahe haiM / bharatamuni ne vRtti ko kAvya kI mAtA mAnA hai aura ise orage yA puruSArtha sAdhaka vyApAra kahA hai / udbhaTa ne vRtti ko anuprAsa- jAti mAnA haiM aura isameM varNa vyavahAra kI pradhAnatA batalAyI hai / rudraTa ne kAvyAlaMkAra meM vRtti ko samAsa Azrita kahA hai / mammaTa ne kAvya prakAza meM udbhaTa ke anusaraNa para varNavyavahAra para Azrita mAna kara vRttiyoM ko rIti ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai / rIti kA sabase pahale ullekha bhAmaha ne kiyA hai / daNDI ne isakI paribhASA dI hU~, para isakI vAstavika vyavasthA vAmana ne kI hai / inhoMne viziSTA padaracanA rIti' batAyA hai ki zabda tathA arthagata camatkAra se mukta padaracanA kA nAma rIti ha / vAmana ke pazcAt Anandavardhana ne isako saMghaTanA nAma diyA hai / inhoMne apane mata kA fadar karate hue likhA hai ki saMghaTanA tIna prakAra kI hotI hai--asamAsA, madhyamasamAsA aura dIrghasamAsA / yaha saMghaTanA mAdhuryAdi guNoM ke Azraya se sthita rasoM ko abhivyakta karatI hai| Anandavardhana ke anusAra rIti kevala eka zailI hai, jisakA AdhAra samAsa yaha guNAzrayI hokara rasAbhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai / ataH rIti vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra tatva do haiM--samAsa aura guNa / agnipurANa ke AdhAra para rIti kA uddezya sthApatya hai / isake anusAra samAsa upacAra - lAkSaNika prayoga aura mArdava mAtrA ye tIna AdhAra tatva haiM / vaidarbhI, gauDI aura pAMcAlI ye tInoM zaM liyAM haiM / kathA, AkhyAyikA yA prabandhakAvyoM meM ina tInoM zailiyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki sthApatya meM vRtti yA rIti kA samAveza ho sakatA hai / kintu vRtti yA rIti mAtra sthApatya nahIM hai / sthApatya meM bhAva aura abhivyakti prakAra ye donoM hI garbhita haiM / bhartRhari ne "siddha zabdArtha-sambandha" meM jisa tathya kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai, usI ko sara bAlTara rela na e apanI lokapriya zailI nAmaka pustaka meM batAyA hai -- " sAhitya kA kArya dvividha hai --artha ke lie zabda DhUMDhanA aura zabda ke liye artha DhUMDhanA | ataH bhAva se bhinna sthApatya kI sthiti nahIM ho sakatI / prAkRta kathAoM ke sthApatya ke saMbaMdha meM kucha ullekha prAkRta kathAoM meM upalabdha haiM / kuvalayamAlA meM batAyA gayA hai ki sundara alaMkAroM se vibhUSita, suspaSTa madhurAlApa aura bhAvoM se nitAnta manoharA tathA anurAgavaza svayameva zayyA para upasthita abhinavA 1 - - kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRtti 1 / 27 / 2 -- dhvanyAloka 35, 36 / 3--To find words for a meaning ani to find a meaning for word-Style, page 63. 4 -- sAlaMkArA suhayA laliya-payA mauya-maMju-saMlAvA / sahiyANa dei harisaM ubbUDhA gava-hU ceva // sukai kahA - haya-hiyayANa tumha jai vihuNa laggae esA / pauDhA-rayAo taha vihu kuNai visesaM Nava bahuvva || ku0 pU0 4 a0 8 |

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vadhU kI taraha sugama, kalAvidhA saMbaMdhI vAkya vinyAsoM ke kAraNa suzrAvya, madhura sundara zabdAvalI se gumphita, kautUhala yukta sarasa aura AnandAnubhUti utpanna karane vAlI kathA hotI hai| isa prakAra kI kathA AbAlavRddha sabhI ko harSa utpanna karatI hai| kathA ke bAhaya paridhAna ke saMbaMdha meM bhI ukta rUparekhA prakAza DAlatI hai| yaha kathA gAthAoM meM nibaddha kI jA sakatI hai| gadya meM bhI kathA kI saMghaTanA hotI hai| mahIpAla kathA' meM dharmakathA ke vibhinna rUpoM kA ullekha karate hue kathA ke liye kutahala ko Avazyaka tattva mAnA hai| vAstava meM kathA kA prANatattva kUtahala hI haiN| isake binA kathA meM sarasatA nahIM A sakatI hai| sAhitya kI anya vidhAoM meM kathA kI rocakatA aura lokapriyatA kA kAraNa yaha kutUhala hI hai| kutuhala kI zAnti ke liye hI pAThaka yA zrotA apane dhairya kA saMvaraNa kiye hue lambI-lambI kathAoM ko par3hatA aura sunatA hai| sAhityadarpaNa meM kutUhala kI gaNanA svabhAvaja alaMkAroM meM kI hai| batAyA gayA hai--"ramyavastu samAloka lolatA syAtkutUhalam" 2 arthAta sundara vastu ke avalokana se utpanna mana kI caMcalatA kautUhala hai| caMcalatA aura utsukatA kI vRddhi honA tathA anta meM jijJAsA ko zAnti honA kathAsthApatya kA eka pramukha guNa hai| nIrasa kathA zrotA yA pAThaka ko bojhila ho jAtI hai aura vaha AdyopAnta kathA ko par3hakara AnandAnubhUti nahIM prApta kara sakatA hai| manoraMjana tattva kathAnaka ko pravAhamaya aura AkarSaka banAtA hai / gambhIratA, mahat uddezya aura mahaccaritra kI siddhi meM bhI kutUhala sahAyaka hotA hai| ataH kathA kA sabase bar3A guNa kutUhala hai| Adhunika kathAoM ke sthApatya meM kautuhala ko pramukha sthAna prApta hai| jIvana kI saghana jaTilatAoM ko sulajhAne kA kArya tathA aneka samasyAoM ke samAdhAna prastuta karane ke navIna vidhAna kathA meM tabhI sambhava hai, jaba usameM kutUhala aura manoraMjana ye donoM guNa yatheSTa rUpa meM vartamAna hoN| mahIpAla kathA meM ullikhita kutUhala tattva kathAsAhitya kI rIr3ha hai, isake abhAva yA nyUnatA meM kathA rasamayI nahIM ho sakatI hai / 1 / prAkRta kathAoM ke sthApatya meM sabase Avazyaka bAta yaha hai ki kathA kA Arambha tA-zrItA ke rUpa meM hotA hai| carita kAvyoM meM prAyaH gautama gaNadhara praznakartA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra uttara dene vAle haiM athavA zreNika praznakartA aura gautama gaNaghara praznottara dene vAle hai| ataH kathAoM kA Arambha praznottara ke rUpa meM hotA hai| praznottara sthApatya kI vizeSatAoM kA digdarzana karAte hue AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne likhA hai--"kalpanAmUlaka kathAoM kA do vyaktiyoM kI bAtacIta ke rUpa meM kahanA kucha apratyakSa sA hotA hai aura kavi kA uttaradAyitva kama ho jAtA hai / " lIlAvatI kathA meM AyA hai ki kavi kI patnI sAyaMkAlIna madhura zobhA ko dekhakara apane priyatama se madhura kathA kahane kA Agraha karatI hai| kavi kI patnI ne dekhA ki antaHpura kI gRhadIdhikA yA bhavanavApI meM candramA kI jyotsnA se jhalakatI huI kAnti 1--taha dhammakahaM ciya mokkhaMga, paramamittha nidditttth|| taMpidusupurisacariyaM bahuvihakouhalaM subhariyaM // vIra0 vi0 bha0 gA0 14, pR0 1 / 2 --sA0 da0 3 / 109 / 3--hi0 sAM0 A0 pU0 62 /

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124 vAle gandhotkaTa kamadoM meM rasalobha se kampamAna bhramara chakakara makaranda pAna kara rahe haiN| yaha sundara rAtri kathA kahane ke liye bahuta hI upayukta hai| batAyA hai-- johAUriya kosa kAnti dhavale savvaMga gaMdhukkaDe / NibigghaM ghara-dIhiyAe surasaM vevaMtao mAsalaM // AsAei sumaMju guMjiya-ravo tigicchi-pANAsavaM / ummilaMta dalAvalI-paricao caMdujjue chappao // isake pazcAta kathA AraMbha hotI hai / bIca-bIca meM kavi binA prasaMga ke hI "priyatama", "kuvalayadalAkSi" Adi sambodhanoM kA prayoga kara baiThatA hai, aura kathA kI kar3I ko Age bar3hAtA haiN| _ "jaMvariyaM" meM praznottara zailI kA avalambana le kara hI kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM chaH prakAra ke puruSa batAye gaye haiM--adhamAdhama, adhama, madhyama, madhyamottama uttama, uttmottm| dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArtha se rahita kaTa adhyavasAyI, pApI, madya, mAMsa aura madhu meM rata bhillAdi adhamAdhama hai| viSayAsakta, vyasanI adhama hai| tInoM puruSArthoM kA santulita rUpa se sevana karane vAle gRhastha madhyama haiN| dharmAdi meM Asakta, gRhasthI meM rata vyakti madhyamottama hai| muni uttama tathA tIrthakara uttamottama hai| ina chaH prakAra ke zrotAoM meM se kevala tIna prakAra ke vyaktiyoM kA hI kalyANa hotA hai| / prAyaH samasta carita kAvyoM meM praznottara zailI upalabdha hotI hai| nemicandra sUri ne mahAvIra cariyaM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva se bharata ne pUchA ki prabho! jaise Apa tIrthakara hai, vaise kyA anya tIrthaMkara bhI hoMge? RSabhadeva ne bharata ke praznoM kA uttara dete hue vesaTha zalAkA puruSoM kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM batAyA aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI samasta bhavAvalI batalAI thii| isa prakAra kathA ko Age bddh'aayaa| prAkRta ke carita-kAvyoM kA yaha sthApatya rahA hai ki unameM kathA kA Arambha praznottara se hotA hai / __ rayaNacUDarAya cariyaM meM bhI zreNika mahArAja ne gautama se ratnacUDarAya kA carita pUchA aura gautama ne isa carita kA nirUpaNa kiyA / 2 / pUrvadIpti-praNAlI--pUrvajanma ke kriyA kalApoM kI jAtismaraNa dvArA smRti karAkara kathAoM meM rasamattA utpanna kI gaI hai| isa sthApatya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki kathAkAra vaTanAoM kA varNana karate-karate akasmAta kathAprasaMga ke sUtra ko kisI vigata ghaTanA ke sUtra se jor3a detA hai, jisase kathA kI gati vikAsa kI ora agrasara hotI hai| Adhunika kathA-sAhitya meM isa sthApatya ko "phlaiza baika paddhati" kahA gayA hai| kathAkAra ko ghaTanAoM ke yA kisI eka pramukha ghaTanA ke mAmika varNana karane kA avasara mila jAtA hai aura vaha kathA ke gatimAna sUtra ko kucha kSaNoM ke lie jyoM-kAtyoM chor3a detA hai| pazcAt pichale sUtra ko uThAkara vigata kisI eka jIvana athavA aneka janmAntaroM kI ghaTanAoM kA smaraNa lAkara kathA ke gatimAna sUtra meM aisA dhakkA lagAtA 1 . lI0 gA0 24 / 2--jaM0 ca0 gA0 25--29 / 3--ma0 ca0 gA0 99-100 / 4---etthaMtarammi bhaNiyaM seNiyarAiNA bhayavaM / ko esa rayaNacUDo rAyA, kAo ? __ vA tAo tilayasundarima iyAo tassa pattIo / / rayaNacUDacariya pR0 2 /

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125 hai, jisase kayAjAla lambe maidAna meM lur3hakato huI kuTabAla ke samAja tejI se bar3hatA haA meM vitAna ke samAna AcchAdita ho jAtA hai| usakA prakAza dehalI dIpaka ke samAna pUrvavartI aura pshcaatvto donoM hI prakAra kI ghaTanAoM para par3atA hai aura samasta ghaTanAjAla Alokita ho jAtA hai| uparyukta sthApatya kA prayoga samasta prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM huA hai| koI viziSTa jJAnI yA kevalI padhAratA hai| usakI dharmadezanA sanane ke liye nAyaka athava pahuMcate haiN| dharmadezanA sunate hI jAtismaraNa svataH athavA kevalI dvArA bhavAvalo varNana sunakara ho jAtA hai| kathA kA sUtra yahAM se dUsarI ora mur3a jAtA hai, nAyaka apane kartavya kI vAstavikatA ko samajha jAtA hai aura vaha apane abhISTa kI prApti ke liye baddhakaTi ho jAtA hai| kahIM-kahIM aisA bhI khA jAtA hai ki koI ghaTanA vizeSa hI pUrva bhavAvalI kA smaraNa karA detI hai| udAharaNa ke liye "rayaNase haraniva kahA" ko liyA jA sakatA hai, isameM kinnara mithuna ke vArtAlApa ko sunakara ho ratnazakhara ko apane pUrva janma kI priyA ratnavato kA smaraNa huA aura usakI prApti ke lie usane prayAsa kiyA / taraMgavatI, jo sabase prAcIna prAkRta kathA hai, usameM batAyA gayA hai ki kauzAmbI nagarI ke seTha RSabhadeva kI putrI taraMgavatI zarad Rtu meM vanavihAra ke liye gaI aura vahAM haMsamiyana yA cakravAka miyana ko dekhakara use apane pUrva janma kA smaraNa ho AyA aura vaha apane pUrvajanma ke haMsapati ko prApta karane ke liye cala dii| ina donoM sthaloM para isa sthApatya kA bahuta hI sundara prayoga huA hai| kathA kI gati aura dizA donoM meM eka vicitra prakAra kA mor3a utpanna ho gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki jaba kathAkAra isa bAta kA anubhava karatA hai ki kathA meM jar3atA yA stabdhatA A rahI hai, to vaha apane pAtroM kI mAnasika sthiti meM parivartana lAne ke liye pUrvadIpti praNAlI kA upayoga karatA hai| pAtroM ke smRtipaTala para atIta aura vartamAna kI samasta ghaTanAoM ko vaha aMkita kara detA hai| atIta kA astitva vartamAna se ota-prota rahatA hai, usameM navIna spandana aura jIvana ke naye-naye raMga samAhita rahate haiN| prAkRta kathAoM meM isa sthApatya kA vyavahAra do prakAra se milatA hai| eka to pUrNarUpa se, jahAM ise kathA ke Arambha meM hI upasthita kiyA jAtA hai aura anta taka mUlakathA ke sAtha isakA nirvAha hotA rahatA hai| yaha paddhati caritagranthoM aura rayaNaseharaniva kahA jaise kathA granthoM meM apanAyI gayI hai| dUsarA aMza rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai| isake anusAra kathA ke Arambha yA bhadhya meM sahasA kisI pAtra kI smRti jAgRta ho uThatI hai aura vaha kucha samaya ke liye atIta meM khone lagatA hai| isa prakAra ke sthApatya kA prayoga kuvalayamAlA meM hotA hai / kullayacandra ko pUrva ghaTanAeM avagata ho jAtI hai aura vaha una nirdezoM ke anusAra kuvalayamAlA ko prApta karane calA jAtA hai| kuvalayamAlA ko bhI apane atIta kI sArI smRti ho AtI hai| isa sthala para prathama aura dvitIya kA mizrita rUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai| 3 / kAlamizraNa--kathAkAra kathAoM meM rocakatA kI vRddhi ke liye bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat ina tInoM kAloM kA tathA kahIM ke vala bhUta aura vartamAna ina donoM kAloM kA 1--rAyAvi rayaNavaI nAma maMtamiva suNittA harisavasavisappamANa---mANaso ii citaM kare ii--------| raya0 pR0 6 / / 2--mahuariruvaehi joyaiva hsviruehi| nevva iva vAyapayaliyAya . . . . . gAhohiM ||....dtthuug vaccave vivatehiM cakkAe tahiM krinnii| sariUNa . punvajAI soeNa mucchiyA . . . . . // saM0 ta0 pR0 17-18, gA0 58--68 /

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sundara mizraNa karatA hai| prAkRta kathA-sAhitya meM isa sthApatya kA bahuta prayoga huA hai| prAyaH sabhI kathA-granthoM meM atIta aura vartamAna ina donoM kI ghaTanAeM aMkita haiN| vigata janma-janmAntaroM kI ghaTanAoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke liye kathAkAra ko bahata satarka rahanA par3atA hai| use isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai ki yaha kathAjAla itanA sadhana na ho jAya, jisase pAThaka nIrasatA kA anubhava karane lge| mAtrabhASA meM hI vartamAna aura bhUtakAlIna kriyAoM kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai, kintu ghaTanAoM meM vastucitraNa bhI bhUtakAlIna kiyA jAtA hai| vahI satarka kathAkAra rasa-varNana kara sakatA hai, jo isa kalA meM pUrNa dakSa rahatA hai| kevala janma-janmAntaroM kI gaNanA karA denA sthApatya nahIM hai| rocakatA aura kutUhala kA samvarddhana karate hue ghaTanAoM kA mArjArAvataraNa yA ghaTAvataraNa dikhalAnA isa sthApatya meM atyAvazyaka hai| ekAeka kucha nayI ghaTanAeM aura nayI samasyAeM upasthita ho jAeM, jo pAThaka ko kevala camatkRta hI na kareM, kintu use jIvanotthAna ke liye preraNA bhI pradAna kreN| pahale se calI AI huI ghaTanAeM akasmAt isa prakAra rUpAntarita ho jAyeM, jisase navIna ghaTanAoM yA AkhyAnoM kA eka nayA rUpa hI dRSTigocara ho| taraMgavatI kathA meM isa kAlamizraNa sthApatya kA prayoga bahuta hI sundara huA hai| taraMgavatI kA Amoda-pramodamaya jIvana, jisakA saMbaMdha vartamAna ke sAtha hai, jo udyAna meM vividha prakAra ke puSpoM kA avalokana karatI huI jIvana kA vAstavika rasa le rahI hai| isI avasara para haMsamithuna ko dekhakara use atIta kA smaraNa ho AtA hai aura vaha vartamAna Amoda-pramodoM ko chor3a apane premI kI talAza meM nikala par3atI hai| yahAM kAlamizraNa kA prayoga mArjArAvataraNa dvArA bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se huA hai| mahAvIracarita meM namicandra ne tInoM kAloM kA mizraNa kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA paurANika AkhyAna mArIca se lekara bhaviSya meM hone vAle janmoM kA varNana RSabhadeva ke muMha se karAyA hai| kAlamizraNa kA prayoga avazya hai, para kathAsAhitya ke liye upAdeya paddhati kA avalambana isameM nahIM hai| ghaTanAoM kA camatkAra aura usameM kathArasa kI bahulatA kA prAyaH abhAva hai| samarAiccakahA aura kuvalayamAlA meM bhI kAlamizraNa sthApatya vartamAna hai| 4 / kathotthapraroha zilpa--pyAja ke chilakoM ke samAna athavA kele ke stambha kI parata ke samAna jahAM eka kathA se dUsarI kathA aura dUsarI kathA se tIsarI kathA nikalatI jAya tathA vaTa ke prAroha ke samAna zAkhA para zAkhA phUTatI jAya, vahAM isa zilpa ko mAnA jAtA hai| isa sthApatya kA prayoga yoM to samasta prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM huA hai, para vizeSa rUpa se vasudeva hiNDI, samarAiccakahA, kuvalayamAlA aura lIlAvaIkahA meM upalabdha hai| vasudevahiMDI meM eka vasudeva kA bhramaNa-vRttAnta hI nahIM hai, kintu isameM aneka aisI kathAeM haiM, jinakA jAla pAThakoM kA kevala manoraMjana hI nahIM karatA, balki unheM loka saMskRti ke bIca upasthita karatA hai| isa sthApatya meM kathAkAra ko apanI varNana zailI ko sahaja grAha ya aura prabhAvazAlI banAnA par3atA hai| isakA pradhAna kAraNa yaha hai ki isa sthApatya kI kathAoM meM pAThaka ko adhika kalpanAzIla aura saMvedanazIla honA par3atA hai| use kathAsUtra ko smRti aura buddhi dvArA jor3anA par3atA hai| isa prakAra ke zilpa kA eka bar3A doSa yaha rahatA hai ki ghaTanAjAla ko saghanatA ke kAraNa caritra vizleSaNa kA avasara lekhaka ko nahIM mila paataa| phalataH jisa sthala para ekAnta rUpa se isa sthApatya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, vahAM kathA ke pUre tasva nikhara nahIM paate| sArabhUta satya jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke ucita sthApatya ke DhAMce meM bhAvoM, anubhUtiyoM aura AzAoM ko sajIva tathA sAkAra rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| jo kathAkAra isa kalA

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127 sakSma se anabhijJa hai, vaha mAtra isa sthApatya ke prayoga dvArA kathAtattvoM kA vikAsa nahIM kara pAtA hai| jamaghaTa rUpa meM upasthita kathAoM kI ekarasatA ko dara karane ke li kalAbhijJatA ke sAtha vyApaka aura udAtta jIvana kA dRSTikoNa bhI apekSita hai| samarAiccakahA meM isa sthApatya kA vyavahAra bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| vaTa-prAroha ke samAna upasthita kathAoM meM saMketAtmakatA aura pratIkAtmakatA kI yojanA sundara huI hai| parivezoM yA pariveza-maNDaloM kA niyojana bhI jIvana aura jagata ke vistAra ko nAyaka aura khalanAyaka ke caritragaThana ke rUpa meM sameTe hue hai| racanA meM sampUrNa itivRtta ko isa prakAra suvicArita DhaMga se vibhakta kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka khaMDa athavA pariccheda apane pariveza meM prAyaH pUrNa-sA pratIta hotA hai aura kathA kI samaSTi yojanA-prabhAva ko utkarSonmukha karatI hai| eka deza aura kAla kI parimiti ke bhItara aura kucha paristhitiyoM ko saMgati meM mAnava jIvana ke tathyoM kI abhivyaMjanA isa kRti meM kI gayI hai| jisa prakAra vRtta ko kaI aMzoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai aura una aMzoM kI pUrI paridhi meM vRtta ko samagratA prakaTa ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra kathotthapraroha ke AdhAra para itivRtta ko sArI gatividhi prakaTa ho jAtI hai| isa sthApatya kA kalApUrNa prayoga vahIM mAnA jAtA hai, jahAM kathAsUtroM ko eka hI khUTI para TAMga diyA jAtA hai| isa kathana kI caritArthatA samarAiccakahA aura kuvalayamAlA meM pUrNatayA upalabdha haiN| kuvalayamAlA meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha kA pratiphala zita karane vAlI pAMca kathAeM tathA ina pAMcoM ke phala bhI vaktAoM ke janma-janmAntara kI kathAeM bar3e kauzala ke sAtha pranthita kI gaI hai| kathotthapraroha zilpa kA prayoga prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM mAtra kissAgoI kA sUcaka nahIM hai, apitu jIvana ke zAzvatika tathya aura satyoM kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai| 5 / soddezyatA--prAkRta kathAeM soddezya likhI gaI hai| pratyeka kathAkAra ne kisI vizeSa dRSTikoNa kA sahArA liyA hai aura usake AdhAra para mAnava-jIvana kA mUlyAMkana karate hue apane jIvanadarzana kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| inhoMne manuSya ke jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM ko gaharAI se dekhane-parakhane kI ceSTA kI hai,| mAtra manoraMjana karanA ina kathAoM kA dhyeya nahIM hai / inake zilpa yA sthApatya meM kevala strI-puruSoM ke saMbaMdha, unake kAraNa aura pravRttiyAM hI nahIM hai, kintu vibhinna manovikAra evaM jIvana ke prati svastha dRSTikoNa Adi bAteM bhI zAmila haiN| uddezya yA jIvanadarzana ke abhAva meM kathAtantra citrakAra ke usa citra ke samAna hai, jisane apane citra ko TATa ke Tukar3e para aMkita kiyA ho| samucita AdhAra phalaka ke abhAva meM jisa prakAra citra ramya aura prabhAvotpAdaka nahIM ho sakatA hai, citrakAra kI citrapaTutA evaM usakA zrama prAyaH nirarthaka hI rahatA hai, isI prakAra uddezya-hInatA ke abhAva meM kathA mAtra manoraMjana kA AdhAra banatI hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki kathAkAra dArzanika nahIM hai, jIvana aura jagata kI baDI-baDI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karanA usakA kAma nahIM hai, to bhI vaha sakSama saMvedana, bhAvanAeM, manovikAra Adi ke vizleSaNa dvArA jIvana ko saMjIvanI bUTI pradAna karatA hai, jisase mAnava ajara-amara pada prApta kara sakatA hai| janma-janmAntara ke saMskAroM kA vizleSaNa kara zubha karma karane ke liye prerita kiyA jAtA hai| _isa sthApatya dvArA kathA kA sampUrNa prasAra eka nizcita phala kI ora anudhAvita hotA hai| phalaprApti kI ora adhika jhukAva rahane ke kAraNa ina kathAoM meM phalanirdeza kA vahI mahatva rahatA hai, jisa prakAra saMgIta racanA meM Teka kaa| Teka ko bAra-bAra duharAe binA gIta kA mAdhurya prakaTa nahIM ho sakatA hai, saha daya ke ha.daya meM Teka kA anuraNana ekAdhika bAra hotA hai| vaha bAra-bAra gunagunAtA hai, rasAsvAdana letA hai| isI prakAra prAkRta kathAoM meM bhakti, prIti, jJAna, vairAgya aura zIla kI dhArA pravAhita hotI

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128 hai| kathAkAra aneka bAra jIvanadarzana, AdhAra aura paMcANuvratoM kA kathana karatA calatA isa sthApatya kA eka guNa yaha hotA hai ki sampUrNa kathA vidhAna kArya-kAraNa paddhati para nirbhara karatA hai| janma-janmAntaroM meM kiye gaye vibhinna prakAra ke zubhAzubha pharma, unake phala aura karmoM ke pariNAma svarUpa punarjanma Adi kArya-kAraNa zRMkhalA kA kathana tarkapUrNa zailI meM kiyA jAtA hai| soddezyatA yA uddezyonmukhatA kathAzilpa kA vaha aMga hai, jo kathAvastu ko nIrasa nahIM banAtI, balki usameM manoraMjakatA aura jIvanazodhana kI Avazyaka sAmagrI utpanna karatI hai| pAtroM ke caritra-vikAsa, paristhiti niyojana aura ghaTanAoM kI saMgati meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| hAM, isa zailI meM eka doSa avazya hai ki uddezya ke kAraNa kayApravAha meM rukAvaTa utpanna ho jAtI hai| svAbhAvika krama se kathA kA jaisA vikAsa honA cAhie, vaisA nahIM ho paataa| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki kathAkAra apanA pada chor3akara jaba dArzanika bana jAtA hai, to isa sthApatya meM kathA nIrasa ho jAtI hai aura usakA kathArasa sUkha jAtA hai| ataH lekhaka ko bar3I sAvadhAnI rakhanI par3atI hai| kathA kI sImA ko cAroM ora se surakSita rakhane ke liye use vividha mAnava vyApAroM aura ghaTanAoM kA AtmasAt karanA par3atA hai, tabhI vaha apanI kathA meM kathA ke sabhI tatvoM kA prasphuTana kara sakatA hai| uddezyonmukha rahane para bhI kayAkAroM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM zabdoM, vicAroM, kAryo, saundarya tathA rAga ke aneka rUpoM kA saMgumphana kiyA hai| kuvalayamAlA meM garimAmayI padAvalI evaM abhinna varNanoM kA sAmaMjasya apUrva bhavyatA utpanna karatA hai / 6 / anyApadezikatA--kathAkAra kisI bAta ko svayaM na kahakara vyaMgya yA anumiti dvArA use prakaTa karane ke liye isa sthApatya kA upayoga karatA hai| prAyaH samasta prAkRta kathAoM meM isa sthApatya kA bahulatA se prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| isa sthApatya meM vyaMgya kI pradhAnatA rahane ke kAraNa camatkAra utpanna karane kI bar3I bhArI kSamatA rahatI hai| itivRttAtmaka hote hue bhI kathAeM sarasa aura camatkArapUrNa rahatI haiN| kathAMza ke rahane para vyaMgya saha daya pAThaka ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatA rahatA hai| isa zilpa dvArA kathA ko isa DhaMga se kahA yA likhA jAtA hai, jisase kathA meM anya tatvoM ke rahane para bhI pratipAdya vyaMgya samasta kathA ko camatkRta banA detA hai| tAtparyArtha ke cAroM ora saMketa cakkara kATate rahate haiN| samudrayAtrA meM tUphAna se jahAja kA chinna-bhinna ho jAnA aura nAyaka yA upa-nAyaka kA kisI lakar3I ke paTare ke sahAre samudra pAra kara jAnA, eka pratIka hai| yaha pratIka Arambha meM vipatti, pazcAt sammilana sukha kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai| kuvalayamAlA meM aputrI raaj| dar3havarmA ko kumAra mahendra kI prApti, putra-prApti ke liye saMketa hai| lekhaka ke anyApadezika sthApatya dvArA rAjA ko putra prApti kA saMketa upasthita kiyA hai| isI prakAra kumAra mahendra kA ghor3e dvArA apaharaNa bhI usake bhAvI jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai| samarAiccakahA ke prathama bhava meM rAjA guNasena ko apane mahala ke nIce murdA nikalane se virakti ho jAtI hai| yahAM lekhaka ne saMketa dvArA hI rAjA ko upadeza diyA hai| saMsAra ko asAratA kA aTTahAsa, indrajAla ke samAna aindriya viSayoM kI nazvaratA evaM pratyeka prANI kI anivArya mRtyu kI sUcanA anyApade zikatA ke dvArA hI dI gaI hai| samarAiccakahA meM isa sthApatya kA prayoga bahulatA se huA hai| 7 / rAjaprAsAda sthApatya--prAkRta kathAoM meM rAjaprAsAda ke vinyAsa ke samAna sthApatya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra rAjaprAsAra ke zilpa meM sarvaprathama dvAra prakoSTha

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126 AtA hai, usI prakAra prAkRta kathAoM meM nAyaka yA nAyikA kA janma, zikSA aura kalApravINatArUpa kathA kA Amukha rahatA hai / kAvya aura varNana kI dRSTi se yaha sthala bahuta hI ramaNIya rahatA hai, dvAra ke vaibhava ke samAna ghaTanA bhava kA sanniveza isI sthala para kiyA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra rAjaprAsAda kA bhavya toraNa dvAra darzaka ke mana ko Anandita karatA hai, usI prakAra nAyaka kI kizorAvasthA aura usa samaya ke usake camatkArapUrNa kArya pAThaka ko apanI ora AkRSTa kiye binA nahIM rahate / dvAra prakoSTha meM praviSTa darzaka pahalI kakSA pArakara dUsarI kakSA meM praviSTa hotA hai aura yahAM se use rAjabhavana kA bAhya AsthAna- maMDapa dikhalAyI par3ane lagatA hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM vayaska nAyaka kisI nimitta ko prApta kara apane pUrva janma kI nAyikA ko samajha jAtA hai, usake prati usake hRdaya meM apUrva AkarSaNa utpanna hotA hai, ataH apanI premikA ke sAtha isa bhava meM bhI praNaya saMbaMdha sthApita karane kA nizcaya karatA hai / vaha nAyikA kI prApti ke liye prasthAna kara detA hai / tIsarI kakSA meM praviSTa hote hI dhavalagRha ke sAtha rAjA ke AsthAna- maMDapa meM pahuMca kathAoM meM yaha jAtA hai| yahAM apUrva saundarya aura sAja-sajjA vidyamAna rahatI haiM / sthiti usa samaya AtI hai, jaba nAyaka aura nAyikA kA vivAha ho jAtA hai, ve vilAsa, aura vaibhava kA upabhoga karane lagate haiM / cauthI kakSA meM antaHpura kA sArA saundarya vidyamAna rahatA hai / kathAoM meM nAyaka yA nAyikA kisI kevalI kA saMyoga pAkara jIvana se virakta ho jAte haiM aura AtmakalyANa karana e meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM / jisa prakAra rAjaprAsAda meM alinda, kakSyAeM, stambha, AsthAna- maMDapa, dhavalagRha, dehalI, catuHzAla, vIthiyAM, aMgaNavedikA, sopAna, pragrIvaka, vAsagRha, saudha, prAsAdakukSiyAM, candra kAlikA bhavanodyAna, dIrghikA, vApiyAM, AhAramaMDapa, vyAyAmabhUmi, AsthAnamaMDapa, himagRha, kumArI bhavana, zrI maNDapa prabhRti alaMkaraNa vidyamAna rahate haiM, usI prakAra kathA prAsAda meM vibhinna prakAra kI vastuoM ke varNana, nagara, grAma, sarovara, prAsAda, dIrghikA, Rtu, vana, parvata Adi ke varNana ke sAtha pAtroM ke antaraMga, bhAvoM, vicAroM aura vikAroM ke vizleSaNa, vivecana kiye jAte haiN| prAkRta kathAkAroM na e usa yuga ke mAnasa bhAvoM kI abhivyakti bahuta hI sundara kI hai, jisa ucca dharAtala para pAtroM ko pratiSThita kiyA hai, vaha dharAtala sabhI varga ke pAtroM ke liye spRhaNIya hai / jIvanAnubhava evaM tattvAvalokana, ina donoM ko kathA ke ThATa meM nirmita kiyA hai / ataH prAkRta kathAoM kI varNana praNAlI tathA ghaTanAoM aura AkhyAnoM ke niveza ThIka rAjaprAsAda ke samAna hai / alaMkaraNa aura kathA kI bArIkiyAM rAjaprAsAda kI paccIkArI se kama nahIM haiM / 8 / rUparekhA kI muktatA -- prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM nirdhArita kisI TekanIka kA yavahAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / kathA ke kahane meM kathAkAra ko vizeSa AyAsa nahIM karanA par3atA / kathA kahIM se bhI Arambha hokara kahIM bhI anta ko prApta ho sakatI hai / ghaTanAeM ghaTita nahIM hotI haiM, balki ghaTI huI ghaTanAoM ko kahA jAtA hai / kissAgoI itanI adhika rahatI haiM, jisase pratyeka paMkti yA anuccheda se pRthak kathA kahI jA sakatI hai / kathA sAhitya ke Adhunika sthApatya meM sAmAnyataH Adi anta kA AdhAra - Adheya saMbaMdha batAyA gayA hai| anta pratipAdya hai to Arambha usakI pUrva paThikA | anta meM jA kahatA hotA hai, usako bhUmikA Arambha meM sthira kara denI par3atI hai / kathA ke ina donoM choroM ko jitanA saMbhAlA jAtA hai, kathA ko golAI meM utanA hI adhika tanAva utpanna hotA hai / kathA kA madhyasthAna usa golAI kA vaha madhyabhAga hotA hai, jo sArI golAI 9---22 eDu0

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130 ko santulita rakhatA hai / sAmAnyataH madhyabindu ko caramasImA ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / jina kathAoM meM caramasImA jitanI adhika madhya bhAga meM ubharatI haiM, una kathAoM kA saundarya utanA hI adhika santulita rahatA hai / jo kathAkAra kathA ke madhyabindu ko idhara-udhara haTAkara bhI rocakatA banAe rakhatA , vahI apanI kRti meM saphala hotA hai / kathArambha karate samaya bar3I sAvadhAnI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / nATakIya, citravidhAna, kutUhalapUrNa athavA itivRttAtmaka meM se kisIbhI paddhati para kathA kA Arambha kiyA jA sakatA hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM adhikatara kathArambha karane kI paddhati itivRttAtmaka hI hai / isa paddhati meM itivRtta aura vivaraNa meM AkarSaNa na hone para rukSatA utpanna ho jAtI hai / Arambha kI yaha rukSatA kathA ko bojhila banA detI hai| jahAM AraMbhika sthala meM jijJAsA, Azcarya, romAMcakatA kI acchI prarocanA dikhAI jAtI hai, vahAM Arambha meM hI kutUhala utpanna ho jAtA hai / jhaTake ke sAtha Arambha hokara kathA bar3hatI hai aura pAThaka ke bhAva aura vRttiyoM ko apane sAtha liye calatI hai / kathA kA anta isa prakAra honA cAhiye, jisameM sArA saundarya pUMjIbhUta hokara eka vizeSa prakAra kI saMvedanazIlatA utpanna kara saka e / AlocanAzAstra kI dRSTi se isI ko prabhAvAviti kahA jAtA hai / kathA ke anta karane kI kaI paddhatiyAM pracalita haiM-- pUrNatAbodhaka, laghuprasArI, nATakIya aura itivRttAtmaka / pUrNatAbodhaka anta kA tAtparya yaha hai ki kathA kA anta isa prakAra kA honA cAhiye, jisase caritra aura paristhitiyoM se prerita hokara kisa vAtAvaraNa meM kisane kyA kiyA, isa saMbaMdha meM utpanna jo bhI kutUhala yA jijJAsA hotI hai, usakA pUrA-pUrA samAdhAna anta meM ho jAya / prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA tantra taraMgavatI, samarAiccakahA aura kuvalayamAlA meM dekhA jAtA hai / mahIpAla aura zrIpAla kathAoM ke anta bhI prAyaH isI paddhati para hue haiM / laghuprasArI anta kA abhiprAya hai saMkSepa meM kathA kI samApti / kArya-kAraNa ke vistAra meM to pAThaka kA mana aura abhiruci lagI rahatI haiM, para pariNAma kA saMketamAtra yatheSTa hotA hai / pariNAma kA vistAra dikhalAne meM koI AkarSaNa kI vastu zeSa nahIM rahatI / ataH kathA kA anta jitanA Akasmika aura laghu hogA, utanA hI racanAkauzala saphala mAlUma par3egA / nATakIya anta kA abhiprAya hai saMvAda vaidagdhya zailI meM manoraMjaka DhaMga se kathA kA anta honaa| yahAM kuzalatA isa bAta kI hai ki kathA kA anta to saMkSepa meM ho para mAnasamanthana ke liye vaha tIvra uddIpana kA kArya kara sake / itivRttAtmaka anta kI prakriyA kA Alambana prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM adhika grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / isa paddhati meM caritra kA utkarSa yA janma-janmAntara ke saMskAroM kA utkarSa sthApita kara lene ke uparAnta kucha bAteM usI ke saMbaMdha meM kaha denI cAhiye / prAcIna rUr3hivAdI sabhI kathAoM meM itivRttAtmaka anta hI dekhA jAtA hai / ataH vahAM rUparekhA kI muktatA hai, vahAM kathA ke Arambha, madhya aura anta ke saMbaMdha meM koI vizeSa niyama nahIM milate haiM / isI kAraNa prAkRta kathAoM meM rUparekhA kI muktatA eka sthApatya bana gayI hai / isa sthApatya meM prAyaH seTiMga kI ekarUpatA bhI milatI hai / kathA ko phiTa karane ke liye yA use DhAlane ke liye aisA nizcita koI DhAMcA athavA TakazAlA nahIM hai, jisake dvArA usake avayavoM ko custa kiyA jA sake / adhikAMza prAkRta kathAkAroM ne sahaja paddhati meM kathA likhI hai / unameM koI vizeSa raMga bharane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA hai / itanA hone para bhI itivRttAtmaka paddhati meM prAyaH kathAeM likhI gaI haiM aura anta bhI isI paddhati meM huA hai / para itanA satya hai ki

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131 isake liye kathAkAroM ne koI AyAsa nahIM kiyA / carama bindu kA abhAva to prAyaH sabhI prAcIna kathAoM meM hai / yoM to kathAkAra apanI kathA kA anta kahIM na kahIM karatA hI haiM, para isa anta meM Adhunika yuga ke kathA sAhitya ke samAna kisI khAsa paddhati kA avalambana nahIM liyA jAtA hai / ghuNAkSara nyAya se Arambha aura anta meM kisI khAsa zailI yA paddhati kA avazya hI prasphuTana ho jAtA hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM itivRtta adhika prasAramaya hotA hai aura inameM kAraNa kArya pariNAma kA vidhivat evaM kramika saMyojana hotA calatA hai / kucha paristhitiyoM se saMgaThita hokara kathAnaka kA svarUpa tIvragati se utkarSa kI ora jAtA hai aura vahAM pahuMcakara apane pUrNa vaibhava kA prasAra karatA hai / 9 / varNana kSamatA -- nirlipta bhAva se kathA kA varNana karanA aura varNanoM meM ekarasatA yA nIrasatA ko nahIM Ane denA varNana kSamatA meM parigaNita hai / caritra-citraNa kI saphalatA bhI varNana prakriyA para nirbhara hai / varNanAtmaka dRzyoM ko prabhAvazAlI banAne meM lekhaka ko paryApta sAvadhAnI rakhanI par3atI hai / ataH caritra vizleSaNa, vRtti vivecana Adi kArya use varNana dvArA hI karanA hai / varNana meM nimna bAtoM para prAkRta kathAkAroM na vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai :11 (1) saMkSipta aura prasaMgocita varNana / (2) mUla kathAvastu ke varNana ke sAtha kayotthapraroha dvArA anya kathAoM kA varNana | (3) vAtAvaraNa kA niyojana / (4) manonIta pAtroM ko ghaTanAsthala para le jAnA aura vahAM prasaMga upasthita kara janma-janmAntaroM kA varNana / (5) paurANika yojanAoM kA nirUpaNa / (6) kutUhalapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA varNana / (7) Adarza caritroM kI sthApanA ke liye vikAroM aura dharmatattvoM kA varNana / (8) itivRttoM ko sAtha parivezoM kI kalpanA aura unakA hRdaya grAhya varNana | ( 9 ) zrRMgArika vaibhava ko citraNa evaM tIvra manorAgoM kI abhivyakti meM prabhAvotpAdaka varNana / (10) vAkyAvalI ko saMkSipta kara bhAvoM ko drutagati se unmeSa karate hue varNana / (11) bhAvapradhAna, mArmika aura gaMbhIra sthaloM ke varNana meM sazakta aura prabhAvotpAdaka varNana | (12) rAjavaibhava, ramaNI - vilAsa evaM prAkRtika bhavyatA ke citraNa meM alaMkRta varNana / (13) AvazyakatAnusAra varNana meM choTe-choTe vAkyoM kA cayana / (14) paurANika saMketoM meM AyAsajanaka lambe varNana / (15) padArthoM, ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM ke svabhAva kA varNana / (16) vastuvatratA - - isake do rUpa haiM / pahalI vastuvakratA vaha hai, jisameM kathAkAra jisa vastu kA varNana karatA hai, usake atyanta ramaNIya svabhAva, saukumArya kA sarvatobhadra unmIlana karatA hai / vastu saukumArya ko akSuNNa rakhane ke liye vaha aise zabdoM aura vAkyoM kA prayoga karatA hai, jisase varNana kA dRzya carmacakSuoM ke samakSa upasthita ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra kI vastuvatA kA nidAna kathAkAra kI vaha svatantra zakti hai, jo prasaMga ke aucitya se vastuoM ke svAbhAvika saundarya kI sAmrAjya racanA karanA cAhatI hai /

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132 dUsarI vastuvatA AhAryA -- kavi kauzala dvArA nirmita hotI hai / kavi yA lekhaka navIna navIna vastuoM kI kalpanA karatA hai aura alaukika varNanoM dvArA kathA yA kAvya ko ramaNIya banAtA hai / 10 | maMDanazilpa - - kathA ke vAtAvaraNa ko samRddhizAlI banAne ke liye zreSThI va bhava, nagara vaibhava, deza vaibhava, rAjaprAsAda, devaprAsAda prabhUti ke varNanoM kA nirUpaNa maMDanazilpa kI taraha karanA maMDanazilpa hai / isa sthApatya kA prayoga sabhI prAkRta kathAoM meM huA hai / AgamakAlIna kathAoM meM upAsaka dazA meM Ananda, kAmadeva Adi zrAvakoM ke vaibhava kA bar3A sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / ye karor3oM svarNamudrAeM apane surakSita koSa meM rakhate the, karor3oM svarNamudrAeM vyApAra meM lagAte the aura karor3oM svarNamudrAeM byAja para lagAte the / inake pAsa sahastroM gAyoM ke aneka gokula the / inake vaibhava aura rAjasI ThATa-bATa kA bar3A sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / ye sabhI varNana kathA - pravAha ko maMDita karate haiM, use suzobhita karate haiM / zAlibhadra kI kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki mahArAja ke ghara pahuMce to usake svAgata kI taiyArI meM usakI mAM ne lekara apane ghara taka ke rAjamArga ko sajAne kI vyavasthA kI / balliyAM khar3I kI gaIM aura unapara Ar3e bAMsa DAlakara khasa kI TaTTiyAM bichAI gaI / unake nIce dravir3a deza ke bane mUlyavAna vastroM ke caMdove bAMdhe gaye / hArAvaliyoM ko laTakAkara kaMculiyAM banAI gaI / jAliyAM banAkara unameM vaiDUrya laTakAe ge| svarNa ke ke bAMdhe ge| paMcavarNa ke vibhinna prakAra ke puSpoM dvAro puSpagRha banAe gaye / bIca-bIca meM saundarya utpanna karane ke liye toraNa laTakAe ge| sugandhita jala pRthvI para siMcita kiyA gayA / pada-pada para kAlAguru Adi dhUpa se mahakatI dhUpadAniyAM rakhI gaIM / paharA dene ke liye zastradhArI puruSa niyukta kiye gaye / sthAna-sthAna para maMgalopacAra karane vAlI vilAsinostriyoM dvArA gIta-vAditra Adi ke sAtha nATakAdi kA prabandha kiyA gayA / zreNika jaba zAlibhadra rAjamahala ke siMhadvAra se pahale bar3I lambI-lambI koThI meM praveza karane para mahArAja zreNika ne donoM ora banI huI ghor3oM kI ghur3asAla dekhii| isake pazcAt zaMkha aura camaroM se alaMkRta hAthI aura kalabhoM ko dekhA / bhavana meM praveza karane para pahalI maMjila meM mUlyavAn vastuoM ke bhaMDAra, dUsarI meM dAsI dAsoM ke rahane aura bhojanapAna kI vyavasthA, tIsarI meM svaccha aura sundara vastroM se sajjita rasoI banAne vAle pAcaka aura unake dvArA kI gaI bhojana kI taiyAriyAM, isI maMjila meM dUsarI ora tAmbUla, supArI, kastUrI, kezara Adi padArthoM dvArA mukhabhUSaNa tAmbUla ko lagAne kI taiyArI karane vAle tAmbUla vAhaka, evaM cauthI maMjila meM sone, baiThane aura bhojana karane kI zAlAeM, dAlAna aura pAsa ke apavarakoM meM nAnA prakAra ke bhAMDAgAra dekhe | pAMcavI maMjila meM sundara upavana thA, jisameM sabhI RtuoM ke phala-puSpoM se lade hue punnAga, nAga, campaka prabhRti sahasroM prakAra ke vRkSa aura aneka prakAra kI latAeM thIM / isa upavana ke madhya meM krIr3ApuSkariNI thI, jisake Upara kA bhAga AcchAdita thA / pArzvavartI dIvAloM, stambhoM, aura chajjoM meM lage hue ratna apanA apUrva saundarya vikIrNa kara rahe the / ina maNiyoM se nikalane vAlA paMcaraMgI prakAza jala ko raMga-biraMgA banA rahA thA / candramaNiyoM se AsapAsa kI vedI banAI gaI thI / isa jalAzaya meM kisInaTavolTa kA prayoga kiyA gayA thA, jisase sarovara kA jala bAhara nikAlA jAtA thA / rAjA zreNika mahArAnI calanA sahita puSkariNI meM snAna karane ke liye praviSTa huA / nAnA prakAra kI jalakrIr3A karane ke uparAnta rAjA puSkariNI se bAhara nikalA / vilepana ke lie gozIrSa Adi sugandhita vastueM aura pahanane ke liye bahumUlya vastra arpita kiye gaye / Jain-Education International

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133 jaba rAjA bhojana maMDapa meM baiThA to pahale dADima, drAkSA, daMtasara, bera zrAdi carvaNIya padArtha, anantara Ikha kI gaMDerI, khajUra, nAraMga zrAdi poSya padArtha, pazcAt khar3I caTanI Avi lehya-padArtha, isake bAda modaka, phenI, ghe bara, pUr3I, sugandhita cAvala, vibhinna prakAra ke vyaMjana -- tarakAriyAM, kar3hI Adi parose gaye / hAtha dhulAne ke pazcAt AdhA zrauMTA huA kezara, cInI Adi se mizrita dUdha pIne ko diyA gayA / zrAcamana ke pazcAt daMtazodhana zalAkAeM lAI gaI / bhojana maMDapa se uThakara rAjA dUsare maMDapa meM gayA / vahAM para vilepana, puSpa, gandha, mAlya aura tAmbUla Adi padArtha diye gaye / uparyukta varNana maMDanazilpa kA sarvotkRSTa udAharaNa hai / prAkRta kathAkAroM ne isa prakAra kathAoM meM rocakatA lAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / maMDanazilpa mAtra kathAvastu ko samRddha hI nahIM karatA, kintu kathA meM eka nayA mor3a bhI utpanna karatA hai / isa zilpa se kathAsaMghaTana meM paryApta camatkAra utpanna hotA hai / mAnavIya kulazIla kA citraNa aura anukathana bhinna-bhinna prakAra se karane tathA mAnava-jIvana kA unmukta aura vivaraNAtmaka citraNa karane ke lie yaha sthApatya eka upAdAna hai| jIvana ke preraka bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA meM bhI yaha sthApatya sahAyaka hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM isake nimna rUpa dRSTigocara hote haiM (1) zreSThi vaibhava ke varNana ke rUpa meM / (2) dRSTAntoM ke prayoga dvArA / (3) deza aura nagara kI samRddhi vRddhi ke rUpa meM / ( 4 ) rAjaprAsAda aura devaprAsAda ke varNana ke rUpa meM / 11 / bhogAyatana sthApatya - - bhogAyatana yaha darzana kA zabda hai / tarkabhASA meM isakI paribhASA batAyI gaI hai / " bhogAyatanamantyAvayavizarIram / sukhaduHkhAnyatara sAkSAtkAro bhogaH sa ca yadavacchinna zrAtmani jAyate tadbhogAyatanaM tave va zarIram" / arthAt zarIra ke vibhinna avayavoM ke dvArA zrAtmA kA bhoga hotA hai ataH kara, caraNa, vadana, udara Adi se pUrNa zarIra hI bhogAyatana hai / kathA-sAhitya ke kSetra meM isa sthApatya kA Azaya yaha hai ki kathA ko vibhinna aMgoM meM vibhakta kara usakI pUrNatA dikhalAyI jaay| jisa prakAra samasta zravayavoM kI saMtulita pUrNatA se zarIra yA bhogAyatana kA kArya samyak rUpa se calatA hai, usI prakAra kathA ke vibhinna aMgoM kI saMtulita pUrNatA se kathA meM rasa aura camatkAra utpanna hotA hai / vasudevahaMDI meM kathA ke chaH aMga batAye gaye haiM (1) kathotpatti - - kathA kI utpatti kI vivecanA | (2) prastAvanA - bhUmikA yA prastAvanA ke rUpa meM kathA ke parivezoM kA kathana / E WHE 1 - - to tIe rAyasIhaduvArAmro samArambha ubhayo pAsesu rAyamaggabhittisu nive siyAo dIharavaliyA uddhamuhI proppikayave hasu nivesiyA vaMsA / nibaddhA vaMsadale hi / -- - pAsAyapaDhamabhUmigAe mahambhamaMDasaMcayaM / vIyabhUmigAe dAsIdAsa saMtaie pAyaNabhoyaNAi kiriyaM / tatyapecchai savvouya puphphalovaciyaM puNNAganAgacampainANA dumasaMkaliyaM naMdaNavaNasaMkAsaM kANaNaM -uvaNIyAI cavvIyAI dADimadakkhAdaMta saravorAyaNAI |-- - tayaNaMvara bhuvaNIyaM kosaM susamAriya ikkha ugaMDiyAkhajjara-nAraMga vagAibheyaM / - -uvaNIyaM vilevaNa puSpagaMdhamallataM bolAiyaM- -- jine 0 kathA0 zAlibhadra ka0 pR0, 57-58 / 2 -- tarka 0, pR0 163 / 3 - - kahuppattI 1, per3hiyA 2, muhaM 3, paDimuhaM, 4, sarIraM 5, upasaMhAro 6 vasudevahiNDI pa0 1 /

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134 (3) mukha - - kathA kA prAraMbha | (4) pratimukha - - kathA kA AraMbha aura phala kI zrora prasthAna / (5) zarIra - - kathA kA vikAsa aura prApti, prayatna aura niyatApti kI sthiti / (6) upasaMhAra -- phala kI prApti / paumacariya meM cariya ke sAta zarIrAvayava batAye haiM / ina sAtoM avayavoM kI pUrNatA meM hI purANa aura carita kI samagratA mAnI jAtI hai / d (1) sthiti - deza, nagara, grAma zrAdi kA varNana | (2) vaMzotpatti -- vaMza, mAtA-pitA, vaMza, khyAti zrAdi kA nirUpaNa / (3) prasthAna -- vivAha, utsava, rAjyAbhiSeka prabhRti kA vRttAMta | (4) raNa -- rAjya vistAra yA rAjya saMrakSaNa ke lie yuddha / (5) lavakuzotpatti -- sAdhAraNa kSetra meM yA anya caritoM meM santAnotpatti / (6) nirvANa -- saMsAra se virakti, AtmakalyANa meM pravRtti evaM dharmadezanA zravaNa yA vitaraNa Adi kA nirUpaNa / (7) aneka bhavAvalI -- aneka bhavAvaliyoM kA varNana, bhavAntara yA prAsaMgika kathAoM kA saghana vitAna / ataeva spaSTa hai ki bhogAyatana sthApatya dvArA kathA ke samasta aMgoM kI puSTi kara kathA meM rasa kA yatheSTa saMcAra karanA hai / jisa prakAra andhA, lUlA, laMgar3A zarIra nindya mAnA jAtA hai aura usakI upayogitA yA usake saundarya meM hInatA zrA jAtI hai / ataH vaha logoM ko AkarSaNa kI apekSA vikarSaNa kA hI sAdhana hotA hai / virUpatA yA vikalAMgatA ke kAraNa vaha kalA kI dRSTi se vigarhaNIya mAnA jAtA hai, isI prakAra jisa kathA meM ukta chaH yA sAta aMgoM kI pUrNatA nahIM rahatI haiM, vaha kathA bhI apUrNa aura vikRta samajhI jAtI hai / sAhitya zAstra ke anusAra kathA meM vastu, netA aura rasa ye tIna tatva mAne jAte haiM / prAdhunika samAlocaka kathAvastu, pAtra, kathopakathana, vAtAvaraNa, bhASA-zailI aura uddezya ye chaH tattva mAnate haiM / zrataH kathA kA zarIra ina chaH tattvoM se pUrNa hotA hai / jIvana zraura jagat se kathAnaka grahaNa kara ghaTanAoM aura paristhitiyoM se kathA kA DhAMcA khar3A karanA kathAvastu ke antargata hai / kathA kI prAraMbhika avasthA meM kathAvastu hI saba kucha hotI haiM / kathAnaka meM ghaTanAoM aura paristhitiyoM ko adbhuta yojanA aura itivRttAtmaka sthUlatA ko hI sarvAdhika mahatva diyA gayA hai / prAkRta kathAkAroM ne kathAnaka saMgaThana meM jina ghaTanAoM kA yoga liyA hai, unameM pUrA tAratamya rakhA hai / bhogAyatana sthApatya kA yaha pramukha guNa hai ki kathAnaka saMghaTanA meM tAratamya ko pramukhatA dI jAtI hai / kathAnaka ke sauSThava kI rakSA ke liye ghaTanAoM ke svAbhAvika vikAsa aura pravAha ko akSuNNa banAe rakhane kI pUrNa ceSTA kI jAtI hai / kathAnakoM ke donoM rUpoM kA prayoga isa sthApatya ke antargata AtA hai 1 / sthUla kathAnaka / 2 / sUkSma kathAnaka / sthUla kathAnaka meM kevala ghaTanAoM kA bAhulya rahatA hai / ghaTanA camatkAra kI ora lekhaka kA vizeSa dhyAna rahane se caritra citraNa evaM anubhUti vizleSaNa meM nyUnatA zrA jAtI 1 -- paumacariya 1 / 32 /

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hai / vAtAvaraNa, caritra aura anubhUticitraNa meM kathAnaka kramazaH sUkSma hote jAte haiN| sthUla kathAnaka meM ghaTanA, vAtAvaraNa ke sRjana meM sahAyaka hotI hai, para sUkSma kathAnaka meM caritrodghATana aura manovRttiyoM ke vizleSaNa bhI kathAnaka ko sahAyatA pahuMcAte haiN| kathAvastu ke aMgoM meM zIrSaka, prAraMbha, madhyavindu aura anta ina cAroM para dhyAna diyA jAtA hai / zrIpAla kathA meM pradhAna pAtra ke nAma para kathA kA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai / pAtroM ke nirmANa meM kathAkAroM ne nimna tIna bAtoM para dhyAna diyA hai:-- (1) svAbhAvikatA / (2) sajIvatA / (3) kathA ke mUlabhAva ke prati anukUlatA / ___ kathA kA pratipAdya cAhe koI ghaTanA ho, vAtAvaraNa ho, bhAva ho, para pAtra ke prabhAva meM kathAnaka khar3A hI nahIM ho sakatA hai| kathAnaka ke tatvoM meM kathAnaka aura pAtra ke pazcAt kathopakathana kA sthAna prAtA hai| kathopakathana ke samAveza se kathA meM nATakIyatA A jAtI hai tathA kathA meM rocakatA manoraMjakatA, sajIvatA aura prabhAvazAlitA kI vRddhi hotI hai| lIlAvaI kahA aura kuvalayamAlA ke kathopakathana atyanta svAbhAvika, sajIva aura sAbhiprAya hai / kathopakathana kutUhala aura jijJAsA utpanna karane meM samartha hai| ghaTanAeM jisa vAtAvaraNa meM ghaTita hotI hai, usa vAtAvaraNa ko mahat honA caahie| dezagata aura kAlagata vAtAvaraNa kI yojanA ghaTanAoM ko sajIvatA pradAna karatI hai / vAtAvaraNa ke abhAva meM ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM kI kalpanA yadi saMbhava bhI ho, to bhI unase hamArA tAdAtmya nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH prAkRta kathAoM meM bhogAyatana sthApatya dvArA kathAnoM ke zarIra ko paripUrNatA ke lie vAtAvaraNa ko sundara yojanA kI gaI hai / vAtAvaraNa kA gaharA saMbaMdha kathAnaka kI paristhitiyoM, ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM se hI hotA hai / mUla bhAvanA athavA pratipAdya yA saMvedanA kI prabhAvAnviti bhI vAtAvaraNa ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai / bhogAyatana sthApatya meM vAtAvaraNa do prakAra kA rahatA hai--bhautika aura mAnasika / bhautika vAtAvaraNa bAha yacitra upasthita karatA hai aura mAnasika vAtAvaraNa mana kA / ye donoM prakAra ke vAtAvaraNa nitAnta pRthak nahIM hai, kintu donoM paraspara meM saMbaddha haiN| bhautika aura mAnasika vAtAvaraNa ke samanvaya meM hI kathA kI cArutA antarnihita rahatI hai / yaha dhyAtavya hai ki kathAoM meM vAtAvaraNa ke citraNa vistAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / saMkSepa aura saMketa rUpa meM hI citraNa vAMchanIya rahatA hai / kucha cunI huI spaSTa rekhAoM ko khIMcakara unameM sundara raMgasAjI dvArA hI kathA meM cArutA utpanna kI jAtI hai / / prAkRta kathAoM meM uddezya to sarvapramukhatattva mAnA gayA hai / pratyeka kathA ke pIche eka uddezya avazya rahatA hai / yaha uddezya kathA ko mUla preraNA kA kArya karatA hai / uddezya kI siddhi ke liye hI to kathA meM pAtra, paristhitiyoM, vAtAvaraNa aura vidhAna-kauzala kI yojanA hotI hai| yahI vaha vinda hai, jisakI aora ghaTanAeM, pAtra, caritra prAdi unmakha rahate haiN| isake abhAva meM kathAoM kA bhogAyatana apUrNa aura vikRta rahatA hai / prAkRta kathA kA uddezya mAtra manoraMjana karAnA hI nahIM hai kintu jIvanasaMbaMdhI tathya yA prAdarza upasthita karanA hai / sAtha hI janma-janmAntaroM ke saMskAroM kA udghATana kara pAThakoM ko vrata, caritra kI ora agrasara karanA hai| prAkRta kathAoM ko antima pariNati

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136 piTI-piTAI bAtoM ko duharAne arthAt kevalI ke sammukha le jAkara dharmadezanA zravaNa aura virakti prApti ke rUpa meM hotI hai / prAkRta kathAeM mahAn uddezya kI siddhi meM saphala bhogAyatana sthApatya kA antima aMga zailI hai / bhASA aura zailI do vibhinna tatva hote hae bhI donoM kA itanA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai ki donoM ko eka hI tattva svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / kathA kI zailI na to darzanazAstra ke samAna jaTila ho aura na kavitA ke samAna AlaMkArika / usakI bhASA meM itanA pravAha rahanA cAhie, jise vaha avAdharUpa se pAThaka ko prAdi se anta taka apane sAtha le cale / saralatA aura svAbhAvikatA ke sAtha kathA meM kutUhala kI rakSA ho sake, isa bAta kA sadA dhyAna rahanA cAhie / sAmAnyataH bhASA zailI cAra prakAra kI hotI hai :-- (1) lokoktiyoM se saMpanna varNana--varNana sajIva aura svAbhAvika hoM, isake yogya bhASA-zailI / (2) prAlaMkArika--antassaundarya kI abhivyaMjanA karane meM samartha bhASA / (3) bhAva pradhAna-adhyayana meM kAvya kA prAnanda mila sake / (4) citramaya-citragrAhiNI--zabdacitroM dvArA bhAvoM ko mUrta rUpa dene vAlI bhASA / zailI ko dRSTi se prAkRta kathAoM meM itivRttAtmaka aura mizra, ina donoM kA hI prayoga huA hai| varNana aura vivaraNoM ko itivRttAtmaka DhaMga se upasthita karanA tathA itivRtta ke sahAre kathAoM meM kathAtattvoM kA niyojana karanA isa zailI kA vaiziSTya hai / isa prakAra bhogAyatana-sthApatya kathA ke samasta aMgoM ko saMghaTita aura custa banAtA hai / bhogAyatana-sthApatya ko kArakasAkalya sthApatya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra samasta kAraNa samUha ke milane se pramANa kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai, kisI eka kAraNa kI kamI ke raha jAne para bhI pramANa nahIM ho sakatA hai, usI prakAra samasta kathAGgoM ke milane se hI kathA ko samagratA mAnI jAtI hai / 12 / prarocana zilpa--rucisaMvarddhana ke lie kathAkAra jisa sthApatya kA prayoga karatA hai, vaha prarocana zilpa hai / prAkRta kathA lekhakoM ne kathAnoM meM gadya ke bIca padya aura padya ke bIca gadya kA prayoga kara kathAoM ko paryApta rucivarddhaka banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| gadya-padyAtmaka kathAoM ko campU kahanA hamArI vinamra sammati ke anusAra ucita nahIM hai / prAkRta kathAoM kA yaha eka zilpa vizeSa hai, jisake anusAra kathAkAra gadya meM padya kA prayoga aura padya meM gadya kA prayoga karate haiM / gadya ke bIca meM Ane vAle padya prasaMga samarthita hote hai aura kathAnaka kI gati meM apUrva camatkAra utpanna karate haiN| calatI huI ghaTanAoM ke sanniveza ko vaividhya dene ke lie bhI kathAkAra isa paddhati kA Alambana grahaNa karatA hai / campU kAvya vidhA kA ullekha bhAmaha, daMDI, vAmana Adi prAcIna prAcAryoM ke kAvya graMthoM meM milatA avazya hai| daMDI ne "gadya-padyamayI kAciccampUrityabhidhIyate / kahA hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM 8vIM zatI ke pahale kA koI bhI campU-kAvya upalabdha nahIM hai aura na isake pahale isa vidhA kA pRthak astitva hI milatA hai / ataH gadya-padyAtmaka prAkRta kathAoM ko campU ke antargata mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / campUkAvya vidhA kA sambandha rasa - - - -- - - - 1-.-kAvyAdarza 1 / 31 /

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137 ke sAtha hai / varNana, ghaTanA, kathopakathana Adi kathAtattvoM kA isameM koI sthAna nahIM hai, paraMtu kathAoM meM kathAtatvoM ke sAtha rasa bhI rahatA hai / hAM, yaha avazya hai ki prAkRta kathAoM meM pradhAnatA rasa kI nahIM hai / kathAoM meM rasa ko sarvopari prANa tatva mAna lene se kathA kA kathAttva hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa prAkRta kathAoM meM campU kI sthiti saMbhava nahIM hai / kathAeM vizuddha kathA koTi meM AtI haiM, inameM kathAtatvoM kI bahuta hI samyak yojanA huI hai / kathAoM meM sabase prabala tatva ghaTanA hai, ghaTanA ke abhAva meM kathA kA sRjana nahIM ho sakatA hai / yoM to mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya nATaka, campU Adi meM bhI ghaTanA kI sthiti rahatI hai, kintu kathA meM itivRtta kA vikAsa adhika kalAtmaka aura camatkArapUrNa hotA hai| kathA kA anta bhI campU ke anta kI apekSA bhinna rUpa se sampanna hotA hai / campU yA mahAkAvya meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke sAtha sahRdaya kA vAsanA-saMvAda hotA hai aura suSupta sthAyI bhAva nirvaiyaktika rUpa se abhivyakta hokara Ananda kA prAsvAda karAte haiM / rasa kA yaha prAsvAda saMvit zrAntijanya Ananda hai / cetanA vizrAnti kI sthiti meM rahakara alaukika anubhUti kA prAsvAdana karAtI hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki prAkRta kathAeM campU nahIM hai, yaha unakA eka zilpa vizeSa hai, jisake kAraNa ve gadya-padya meM likhI jAtI hai| hama ise prarocana zilpa kA nAma denA ucita samajhate haiN| isa sthApatya kI pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki kathAoM meM manoraMjana aura kautUhala kA vikAsa, prasAra evaM sthiti-saMcAra samyak rUpa se ghaTita hote hai| . 13 / upacAravakratA--paryAyavakratA ko cAra vizeSatAoM meM se upacAravatA tIsarI vizeSatA hai| kisI bhI aisI kRti meM, jisameM kalA ke sahAre kisI Adarza kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA ho, vaha upacAravakratA se hI saMbhava hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM prApta hone vAlI yaha upacAravaktA aMgrejI sAhitya kI zabdAvalI meM eka prakAra kA paragesana--vizuddhikaraNa hai| prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM ucca Adarza kI sthApanA ke lie upacAravakratA-sthApatya kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / paryAyavakratA kI dUsarI vizeSatA vaha hai, jisameM abhidheya ko paryAya zabda ke dvArA lokottara utkarSa se poSita kiyA jAtA hai / vakroktijIvita meM batAyA gayA hai-- "abhidheyasyAtizayapoSa... ---arthAt abhidheya kA utkarSa siddha karanA paryAyavakratA kA eka prakAra vaicitrya yaha bhI hai ki zabda svayaM athavA apane vizeSaNapada ke saMparka se apane abhidheya artha ko apane anya ramaNIya artha vaicitra ya ko vibhUSita karatA hai |"svyN vizeSaNenApi ramyacchAyAntara sparzAt abhidheyamalaMkartumIzvaraH paryAyaH' meM ukta prAzaya kA hI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / upacAravakratA ko kathAoM meM aneka rUpa upalabdha hote haiM / isakA eka rUpa vaha hai, jisameM eka varNyapadArtha para dUsare padArtha ke dharma kA Aropa dikhAyA jAtA hai / acetana padArtha para cetana padArtha ke dharma kA prAropa, mUrta para amarta ke saundarya kA Aropa, drava padArtha para tarala padArtha ke svabhAva kA Aropa evaM sUkSma padArtha ke Upara sthUla padArtha kA Aropa dikhalAyA jAtA hai| upacAravakratA kA dUsarA rUpa vaha hai, jo rUpaka prabhRti alaMkAroM meM camatkAra kA kAraNa hotA hai| vizeSaNavakratA bhI isake antargata AtI hai / kAraka vizeSaNa aura kriyAvizeSaNa ina donoM ke vicitra vinyAsa bhI isake antargata Ate haiN| upacAravatA virecana siddhAMta ke tulya hai / jisa prakAra vaidya recaka auSadhi kA prayoga kara udarastha bAhya evaM anAvazyaka, asvAsthyakara padArtha ko nikAlakara rogI ko svastha banA 1--va0 jI0 2 / 10 / 2--vhii|

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138 detA hai, usI prakAra kalAkAra kutsita aura svAsthyakara rAgoM kA virecana kara rAgoM kI zuddhi karatA hai / prAkRta kathAkAroM ne vigata janma ke karmoM dvArA prApta roga, zoka, duHkha, parihAsa evaM hInaparyAya kA pratyakSIkaraNa upasthita kara jIvanazodhana kI prakriyA upasthita kI hai / inhoMne mithyAtva kA vamana yA virecana karAkara samyaktva kI pratiSThA kI hai / upacArakatA ke dvArA kathAkAroM ne nimna uddezyoM kI siddhi kI hai :-- (1) kaluSa, viSa, pApa evaM malina vAsanAoM kA virecana / (2) naitika Adarzo kI pratiSThA ke lie anaitika AcaraNoM, kriyAoMoM aura vyavahAroM kA virecana / (3) bAhya uttejanA aura anta meM usake zamana dvArA zrAtmika zuddhi aura zAMti / ( 4 ) antarvRttiyoM kA sAmaMjasya athavA mana kI zAMti evaM pariSkRti / manovikAroM kI uttejanA ke uparAnta udvega-kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha kA zamana aura tajjanya mAnasika vizadatA / 14 / aitihya AbhAsa - parikalpana -- yathArtha meM prAkRta kathAoM meM aitihAsikatA nahIM hai, para kathAkAroM ne kathAtroM ko aise zrAcchAdanoM se Dhaka diyA hai, jisase sAmAnya jana ko pahalI dRSTi meM ve kathAeM aitihAsika pratIta hotI haiM / kathAkAroM ne kevala nAmoM kI kalpanA hI aitihAsika nahIM kI hai, kintu aitihAsika vAtAvaraNa meM kalpanA kA aisA sundara puTa diyA hai, jisase kathAoM meM zrAptatva utpanna ho gayA hai / prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki vyakti apane jJAna ko prApta mAnyatA denA cAhatA hai / jJAna ke srota ko itihAsa kA zrAvaraNa dekara caritakathAoM ko arddha aitihAsika banA diyA gayA hai / kathAoM kI prAmANikatA ke lie adhikAMza kathAtroM se mahAvIra, sudharmasvAmI, gautamasvAmI yA jambUsvAmI kA sambandha jor3a diyA gayA hai / isa sambandha kA kAraNa yahI hai ki vaktA kI prAmANikatA ke anusAra kathAoM ko prAmANika banAyA gayA hai / yaha paramparA darzana zAstra meM mAnya hai ki vaktA ke guNa yA doSa ke anusAra usakI bAta meM guNa yA doSa mAne jAte haiM / samantabhadra ne prAptamImAMsA' meM batAyA hai ki prApta, sarvajJa aura vItarAga vaktA ke hone para unake vacanoM para vizvAsa kara tattvasiddhi kI jAtI hai, kintu jahAM vaktA nApta, avizvasanIya, pratattvajJa aura kaSAyakaluSa hotA haiM, vahAM hetu ke dvArA tatva kI siddhi kI jAtI hai / prAkRta kathAkAroM ne prAmANika vaktA ko hI nahIM upasthita kiyA, balki svayaM hI vItarAgI rahakara kathAoM ke pravacanoM meM prAptatva utpanna kiyA / prAkRta kathAoM kA yaha sthApatya sArvajanIna hai / pAtroM kI nAmAvalI aura kathAnakoM ke srota bhI purANa itihAsa evaM aitihaya paramparA se liye gaye haiM / kalpita kathAeM bahuta hI kama haiM / tihaya tathyoM meM kalpanA kA raMga avazya car3hAyA gayA hai / yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki prAkRta kathAkAroM kI dRSTi meM manuSya kevala anAdikAla se calI AI karma paramparAnoM ke yantrajAla kA mUka anusaraNa karane vAlA eka jantu hI nahIM hai, balki svayaM bhI kisI avasthA meM nirmAtA aura netA hai / ataH prAkRta kathAoM meM mAtra sthApatya ko hI navInatA nahIM haiM, kintu vastu, vicAra aura bhAvanAeM bhI nUtana haiM / jisa prakAra nadI kA jala navIna ghar3e meM rakhane para navIna aura sundara pratIta hone lagatA hai, usI prakAra purAtana tathyoM ko navIna kalevara meM vyakta karane se kathAoM meM paryApta navInatA A jAtI hai / yahI kAraNa 1- vaktaryanApte yaddhetoH sAdhyaM taddhetusAdhitam / vaktari tadvAkyAt sAdhyamAgamasAdhitam - prApta0 zlo0 78 /

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136 hai ki prAkRta kathAoM meM aitihaya zrAbhAsa eka sthApatya bana gayA hai / isakA vyavahAra jJAta yA ajJAta rUpa se adhikAMza kathAgraMthoM meM kiyA gayA hai / TIkA-kathAoM meM itihAsa ke aise kaI sUtra upalabdha hote haiM, jo kathAoM ke sAtha sundara aura prAmANika itihAsa kI sAmagrI prastuta karate haiM / 15 / romAnsa kI yojanA -- uccavarga kI maryAdAoM, mUlyoM, AzcaryoM aura pravRttiyoM se romAnsa kA sambandha rahatA hai / prAkRta kathAoM ke sthApatya meM romAnsa yojanA kA tAtparya yaha haiM ki kathAeM kAvya ke upakaraNoM ke sahAre apane svarUpa ko prakaTa karatI huI Azcarya kA sRjana karatI haiM / kAvya ke kSetra meM jaba kathA sAgraha praveza kara, vahAM ke tattvoM ko anurUpa banAkara unheM apanI sevA meM niyojita karatI hai, to kathA meM romAMsa kI nIMva par3atI hai / kathA kI jaTilatA aura deza-kAla kA prayoga bhI romAMsa ke antargata hai / isa sthApatya meM pAtroM kI bahulatA aura aneka kathAoM kA sammilana zrAvazyaka hai / kavitvapUrNa aura bhAvapUrNa vAtAvaraNa bhI isa sthApatya ke cinha haiM / vIroM kI pralaMkRta sAja-sajjA, raNakSetra prayANa kI tathA yuddha jhaMkAra kI vistRta vivRtti rahatI hai / isa sthApatya meM nAyaka uccavaMza rAjA athavA dharmAtmA vyakti hotA hai / nAyikA sundaratA kI devI - - dekhane vAloM ke hRdaya meM zauryabhAva ko jAgrata karAne vAlI rahatI hai / pAtra kisI mahatvapUrNa vastu kI khoja meM rahate haiM, vIravratI hote haiM, vipannoM, vizeSataH nAriyoM kA uddhAra karanA evaM prema kI kaThina parIkSA meM apane pratidvandviyoM ko mAta karanA unakA vrata hotA hai| krIr3A, samAroha, raNaprayAsa, zmazAnayAtrA ke uddezya, dhArmika yuddha, virati ke aneka sAdhanoM ke jamaghaTa rahate haiM, parantu ina saba ke bIca meM eka sundarI kanyA pratiSThita hotI hai, yahI romAMsa kA upakaraNa hai / prAkRta meM lIlAvaI kahA meM romAMsa kI sundara yojanA hai / kuvalayamAlA meM romAMsa kA mizrita rUpa hai / rayaNa-se haraniva kahA meM romAMsa ko saphala yojanA ha~ / romAMsa kI yojanA rahane se kathAnoM meM nIrasatA nahIM zrAne pAtI hai / kathAeM sarasa aura hRdayagrAhaya rahatI haiM / upadezatattva pAThaka ke Upara savArI nahIM karatA, balki vaha usakA sahayogI bana jAtA hai / 16 / siddha pratIkoM kA prayoga aura naye pratIkoM kA nirmANa --- prAkRta kathAkAroM ne kathAnoM meM paramparA se prApta pratIkoM kA prayoga to kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI naye pratIka bhI gar3he haiM / pratIkoM kA prayoga kathAkAroM ne nimna kAryoM kI siddhi ke liye kiyA hai : ( 1 ) vizrAma hetu - - kathA kA jaTila ghaTanAtaMtra pAThakoM ko prayAsa utpanna karatA hai / ataH lekhaka pratIkoM kI yojanA dvArA pAThaka ko vizrAma detA hai, usakI mAnasika zrAnti kA apaharaNa karatA hai / ( 2 ) kalA kI pramukha vizeSatA hai-- prakaTa ko pihita krnaa| kalAkAra, cAhe vaha kAvya kA racayitA ho, cAhe kathA kA, vaha katipaya gUr3ha niyojanAtroM dvArA apane bhAvoM ko isa rUpa meM vyakta karatA hai, jisase bhAva aura prarthamattAeM ghUMghaTa meM se jhAMkatI huI nArI ke mukha saundarya ke samAna sAhitya rasikoM hRdaya meM kutUhala aura manoraMjana kA sRjana kareM / (3) artha garbhatva ke liye kalAkAra kucha ikAiyoM kI sRSTi aura unakA pratIkavat prayoga karatA hai / artha garbhatva meM bhAvAtmakatA rahatI hai, jisakI vastuniSTha vyaMjanA kalAkAra ke liye saMbhava nahIM / zrataeva kucha vyaMjanAgarbhI

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140 saMketoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jinheM hama sAmAnya bhASA meM pratIka kahate haiN| prAkRta kathAoM meM nimna pratIkoM kI yojanA upalabdha hotI (1) zabda pratIka--aise zabdoM kI yojanA, jo zabda citroM ke sAtha kisI pramukha bhAva kI abhivyakti karate haiN| isa prakAra ke pratIka do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiye jA sakate haiM-sandarbhIya aura saMghanita / sandarbhIya pratIkoM ke varga meM vANI aura lipi se vyakta zabda pAte haiN| jaise, samarAditya yaha nAma svayaM hI sandarbhIya pratIka hai, yaha kaSTasahiSNutA, tyAga, vratapAlana kI dRr3hatA prAdi kA dyotaka hai| saMdarbha ke anusAra yaha janma-janmAntaroM meM apane kartavya aura vratoM meM dRr3ha rahatA hai aura anta meM nirvANa prApta karatA hai / saMghanita pratIkoM ke udAharaNa dhArmika kRtyoM evaM kisI avatArI puruSa ke janma lene ke pUrva pAne vAle svapnoM meM pAye jAte haiN| (2) arthabhita pratIka-isa koTi ke pratIkoM kA prayoga janma-janmAntaroM kI paramparA meM vizeSa rUpa se huyA hai / jaise, mAnI vyakti ko apanI nAka-sammAna ko cintA adhika rahatI hai| vaha pada-pada para mAna karatA hai, phalasvarUpa marakara hAthI hotA hai aura nAka kI cintA rakhane ke kAraNa lambI nAka-sUr3a pAtA hai / isa koTi ke pratIka saMvegAtmaka tanAvoM ko vyaMjanA meM bahuta sahAyaka hote haiN| (3) bhAva pratIka-bhAvoM ko abhivyaMjanA ke lie jo pratIka vyavahAra meM lAye jAte haiM, ve bhAva pratIka kahalAte haiM / jaise, dIpaka yA sUrya kA prayoga kevala jJAna ke lie kiyA gayA hai| siMha vIratA kA dyotaka, zveta raMga pavitratA kA dyotaka evaM pota bhaMga hone para paTare kA prApta honA guru kI prApti kA dyota (4) bimba pratIka--isa prakAra ke pratIkoM dvArA artha kI yA amUrta bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA bimbanirmANa zailI meM prastuta kI jAtI hai / prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM isa zreNI ke pratIkoM kI yojanA bahalatA se haI hai| jaise. nAya-dhammakahA meM kachupA bhayabhIta hokara apane aMgoM ko sameTatA huA sukhI rahatA hai, yaha pratIka hamAre sAmane eka bimba upasthita karatA hai ki jo vyakti apanI indriyoM kA saMyama karatA hai, sabhI ora se apanI pravRttiyoM ko sameTatA hai, vaha mumukSu apanI sAdhanA meM saphala hotA hai| laukI kIcar3a se AcchAdita ho jAne para pAnI meM DUba jAtI hai, yahAM laukI pratIka jIvAtmA kA hai aura hamAre samakSa yaha bimba upasthita karatA hai ki jIvAtmA karma ke bhAra se Acchanna hone para ananta saMsAra kA paribhramaNa karatA hai| isI prakAra puMDarIka dRSTAnta meM pratIkoM dvArA sundara bimboM kI abhivyaMjanA hotI hai| isa dRSTAnta meM varNita sarovara saMsAra kA bimba, pAnI karma kA bimba, kIcar3a kAyabhoga kA bimba aura virATa zveta kamala rAjA kA bimba upasthita karatA hai| vibhinna matavAdiyoM ke bIca saddharmopadeza apanI dharmadezanA dvArA logoM ko nirvANamArga kA upadeza detA hai / saMsAra meM karmabhAra se Acchanna anAdi miyAdRSTi isa dharmopadeza se vaMcita rahate hai| phalataH unheM saMsAra paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai /

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samarAicca kahA ke dUsare bhava meM svarNaghaTa ke TUTane kA svapna--garbha dhAraNa ke isa hiraNya varNa vilAsa yA dhAta bhAvanA hai| ghaTa udara kA, garbhakA, rahasya kA aura zarIravyApta prAtmA ke maMDalAkAra cakra kA pratIka hai aura TUTanA bhaviSya kI pIr3A, kSaya aura vinAza kA pratIka hai / isa pratIka paramparA ne bahuta hI sundara bimba kI yojanA kI hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM pratIkoM ne nimna kArya saMpanna kiye hai:-- (1) viSaya kI vyAkhyA aura spaSTIkaraNa / (2) supta yA damita anubhUtiyoM ko jAgrata karanA / (3) alaMkaraNa yA prasAdana ke lie / (4) dhArmika tatvoM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie / (5) bimbavidhAnoM kA sRjana--pariveza saMvedanoM aura pratyakSa ke atirikta atIta ke rUpoM, ghaTanAoM aura vastuoM kI asaMkhya pratimAoM ko upasthita karane ke lie bimba pratIkoM kI yojanA kI gayI hai| sparza, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura zabda ke amUttika bhAvoM ko mUttika pratIkoM dvArA abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai / 17 / kutUhala kI yojanA--kutUhala yA saspeMsa kathA kA prANa hai / kutUhala kathA ke kisI vizeSa aMza meM nihita nahIM rahatA hai, kintu yaha samasta kathA meM vyApta rahatA hai / kutUhala dvimukhI rahatA hai --yaha romana devatA jainasa kI taraha donoM tarapha dekhatA hai-pAge bhI aura pIche bhI / kathAsUtroM meM kucha aise sUtra hote haiM, jinake rahasya ke sambandha meM pAThaka ko anabhijJatA rahatI hai| amaka ghaTanA kA udaya kaise aura kahAM hA, amaka pAtra kA vyaktitva kaisA aura pUrA paricaya kyA hai, amuka pAtra ke mana meM amuka saMkalpa yA vicAra-pravAha kaise jAgrata huA Adi bAtoM ko jijJAsA lagI rahatI hai / yahI kutUhala utpatti-kAraNa hai / kathAkAra kA yaha karttavya rahatA hai ki vaha kathA ke unhIM pUrva sUtroM kA vivaraNa upasthita kare, jinake binA kathA kI ghaTanA ko samajhane meM kaThinAI utpanna hotI hai athavA prabhAva utpanna karane meM vyatikrama ho jAtA hai / __prAkRta kathAkAroM ne pUrvavartI ghaTanAoM ko eka sAtha na kahakara unake aneka aMzoM ko dhIre-dhIre anAvRtta kiyA hai, jisase pAThaka AdhArabhUta ghaTanA ko jAnane ke liye atyadhika utsuka rahatA hai / kuvalayamAlA meM kuvalayacanda kA ghor3A apaharaNa karatA hai, yaha eka rahasya hai, ise kathAkAra ne Age jAkara udghATita kiyA hai / isa sthAna para kutUhala kA sundara sUjana huA hai / kathA ke sAtha avAntara aura upakathAoM kI saghana yojanA bhI kutUhala ke sRjana meM kama sahAyaka nahIM haiM / kuvalayamAlA meM pUrvavartI kutUhala ko sundara yojanA hai| lIlAvaI kahA meM paravartI kutUhala ke sthala upalabdha haiN| "phira kyA huA" kI vRtti vasudevahiMDI meM atyadhika hai| isa zreNI ke kutUhala kA udaya do paristhitiyoM meM hotA hai / kathA kA koI aisA pAtra, jisake sAtha hamArI sahAnubhUti rahatI hai, jaba saMkaTa meM par3a jAtA hai to hamAre mana meM jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki aba usakA kyA huA / jaise zrIpAla kahA meM zrIpAla ko samadra meM DAla dene para hamAre mana meM yaha kutahala jAgrata rahatA hai ki zrIpAla kA kyA huA / dhavalaseTha ke SaDyaMtra kisa prakAra viphala hue| zrIpAla ne ratnadvIpa pahu~ca kara madana-maMjUSA se kisa prakAra vivAha kiyA / ujjayinI ke caurAhe para zrIpAla madanasundarI ke sAtha eka arddhavRddhA nArI ke caraNoM meM gira jAtA hai| pAThaka ko isa sthala para pAzcaryamizrita kautUhala hotA hai ki yaha nArI kauna hai jisakI caraNavandanA yaha kara rahA hai ? pArAmasohA kahA meM nAgakumAra kI adRzya zakti ke kAraNa mArAmazobhA pATaliputra meM pratidina apane putra se milatI hai aura use eka puSpa bheMTa meM detI hai aura adRzya ho jAtI hai / rAjA tathA anya vyaktiyoM ke sAtha pAThaka ko

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142 bhI kutUhala utpanna hue binA nahIM raha sakatA hai ki prAkhira yaha puSpa isa bacce ko kauna detA hai ? anta meM rahasya kA spaSTIkaraNa ho jAtA hai / divya mAnuSoM kathAnoM meM laukika camatkAra rahane ke kAraNa kutUhala kA pAyA jAnA eka naisargika guNa hai / rocakatA rahane se kutUhala kI sRSTi bhI hotI calatI hai / yaha satya hai ki kathA kI saphalatA meM apratyAzitatA kA bar3A hAtha hai / isa apratyAzitatA kA sambandha kutUhala se hI rahatA hai / prAkRta kathAkAra prAraMbha meM hI koI aisA dRzya upasthita kara dete haiM, jise dekhate hI pAThaka hakkA-bakkA ho jAtA hai aura usakA phala kyA hogA tathA Age Ane vAlI aisI kauna-sI ghaTanAeM haiM, jo usa dRzya ke rahasya ko anAvRtta karatI haiM, kI ora utsuka ho jAtA hai / apratyAzita sthiti se utpanna kutUhala kisI kathA ke prAraMbha meM adhika aura kisI meM kama rahatA hai / yoM to kutUhala kA sambandha kathA-vyApI rahatA hai / jisa kathA meM pAThaka ghaTanA ke phala kI kalpanA nahIM kara sake aura use jAnane ke lie utkaMThita rahe, usa kathA meM hI sundara kutUhala kI yojanA ho sakatI haiM / prAkRta kathAoM meM lekhakoM ne pAThaka ko isa prakAra ke vAtAvaraNa meM rakhA hai, jahAM vaha zrAge ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanA ke sambandha meM koI svarUpa nahIM nirdhAraNa kara sakatA hai| aise marmasparzI sthaloM para kathAoM meM kutUhala kI yojanA bar3e sundara rUpa meM huI haiM / yoM to prAkRta kathAoM meM ghaTanAoM ko samagra rUpa meM hI kaha diyA jAtA hai, para kucha sthala ina kathAoM meM aise avazya haiM, jahAM ghaTanA ke aMza kA hI nirdeza milatA hai / ina sthaloM para jaise kutUhala yA saMspeMsa kI sRSTi hotI haiM, vaise sAdhAraNa sthaloM para nahIM / kathAnaka kA sIdhA aura sarala rahanA, kathAtattvoM kI dRSTi se doSapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai / kathA kI gatividhi meM mor3a utpanna karane, use rocaka banAne evaM kathAnaka meM saMvedanazIlatA utpanna karane ke lie kutUhala kA sRjana karanA paramAvazyaka hai / kathA ke kathAnaka meM parivartana kI sthitiyAM aisI honI cAhie, jisase kathA aneka AvattoM ke sAtha jhAga aura phena utpanna karatI huI nadI kI tIkSNa dhArA ke samAna bar3he / ghaTanA aura paristhitiyoM ke AvegoM meM rahasya kA niyojana bhI kutUhala kI sRSTi meM kAraNa hotA hai / 18 / aupanyAsikatA - - prAkRta kathAoM meM adhikAMza kathAeM itanI bar3I haiM, jisase unheM upanyAsa kahA jA sakatA hai / ina kathAoMoM meM aupanyAsikatA ke nimna kAraNa haiM: (1) sAdhAraNa kathA yA kahAniyoM kI apekSA vizAlakAya haiM / (2) bhASA - pravAha vilakSaNa hai / (3) layAtmakatA / (4) pradhAnakathA ke sAtha avAntara aura upakathAoM kA jamaghaTa | (5) darzana, viveka, vrata, cAritrya, zIla, dAnAdi saMbaMdhI vyAkhyAeM aura vizeSatAeM / dhunika Alocaka jise novileT kahate haiM, usI ko prAkRta kathAoM meM zrapanyAsikatA samajhanA cAhie | 19 / vRttivivecana - - ina kathAoM meM nibaddha pAtra aura caritoM ke dvArA manuSya kI vibhinna vRttiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / yahAM vRttiyoM se abhiprAya krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha Adi ke vizleSaNa se hai / karmaphalavAda ke anusAra vibhinna mAnavIya vRttiyoM ke zubhAzubhatva kA vivecana kathArUr3hiyoM ke zrAzraya dvArA sampanna kiyA gayA hai / isa zilpa dvArA Tera meM darzana tattva kI yojanA bar3e sundara DhaMga se sampanna huI hai / prAkRta kathAkAroM ne isa sthApatya kA upayoga nimna siddhAMtoM ko zrAtmasAt karake hI kiyA hai / isa se kathAtattvoM kI sundara yojanA huI haiM :-1 (1) saMkSipta aura prasaMgocita vivaraNoM kI yojanA /

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143 (2) samasta manonIta pAtroM ko ghaTanAsthala para le zrAkara, unakI manovRttiyoM krodhAvi kA vizleSaNa, vivecana tathA ina vRttiyoM kA janma-janmAntara meM phala / (3) mUla kathAvastu kA saMkalana aura kramika vikAsa / (4) krodha, mAna zrAdi pravRttiyoM ko vistAra dene ke lie vAtAvaraNa ko paramAvasthA kI ora le jAnA aura kathA meM maulika manovRttiyoM kA sthAna-sthAna para vivecana karate calanA / 20 / pAtrabahulatA - - prAkRta kathAoM ke zilpa meM vibhinna prakAra kI pravRttiyoM aura manovRttiyoM vAle sabhI varga ke pAtra Ate haiM / pAtroM ko mUlataH do vargoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM -- mAnavapAtra aura mAnavetara pAtra / mAnavetara pAtroM meM deva, dAnava aura tiryaca pazu-pakSI sammilita haiN| mAnavapAtroM meM nara aura nArI donoM hI prakAra ke pAtra Ate haiM / nara saMgharSazIla pAtra ke rUpa meM varNita hai nArI mohapakSa ke udghATana ke lie ullikhita hai / deva vivaka, maMgala, zubha aura kalyANa ke rUpa ; dAnava azubha praviveka, amaMgala aura kalyANa ke rUpa meM tathA pazu-pakSI kisI vizeSa zikSA ko dene ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai / caritroM kI dRSTi se ina pAtroM kA caritra vargapratinidhi ( Type character ) jyAdA haiM, vyakti caritra kama / prAkRta kathAoM ke isa sthApatya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki kathAkAra adhika pAtroM ko yojanA karake bhI kathA meM svAbhAvikatA banAe rakhatA hai / kathAnaka meM santulana banAe rakhane kI pUrI ceSTA karatA hai / kathA ke saMvidhAna ko mahatvapUrNa aura samaddha banAe rakhane ke lie ina pAtroM kA upayoga kathAkAroM ne maMDanazilpa ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / 21 | aucitya yojanA aura sthAnIya vizeSatA -- kathA kI vividha ghaTanAoM, usake vividha pAtroM tathA unake kriyA-kalApoM aura vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM unakI pratikriyAtroM ko sajIvatA aura svAbhAvikatA pradAna karane ke lie deza-kAla ke aucitya kI yojanA ke sAtha sthAnIya raMga kI samucita yojanA bhI honI cAhie / sthAnIya raMga kA mahattva do kAraNoM se bar3ha jAtA hai| eka to yaha ki isake hone se kathA meM prabhAvAtmakatA zrAtI haiM aura dUsare yaha ki usakI kRtrimatA naSTa ho jAtI haiM tathA svAbhAvikatA bar3ha jAtI hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM sthAnIya raMga kI samucitatA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / prAkRta kathAkAroM kI dhAraNA hai ki unake dvArA prastuta kI gaI sthAnIya vizeSatAeM svataH usakI sImAeM nirdhArita kara detI haiM aura vaha kathA kisI vizeSa kSetrIya vargoM kA hI manoraMjana nahIM karatI, kintu navInatA ke prati AkarSaNa utpanna karane meM sahAyaka hotI hai / mAnavamAtra ina kathAoM se preraNA grahaNa kara sakatA hai| deza-kAla kI sImA kA ullaMghana kara jIvanopayogI tatva inameM prApta kiye jA sakate haiM / 22 / caturbhujI svastika sanniveza -- prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke sthApatya ke antargata eka tatva caturbhujaH svastika bhI AtA hai / yaha usa maMDala yA vRtta ke samAna hai, jisake udara meM cAra mAnavatAvAdI tatvoM-- dAna, zIla, tapa aura sadbhAvanA kA samakoNa pratiSThita rahatA hai / yaha jIvana kA sudarzana cakra nitya ghUmatA rahatA hai / isa svastika kI pahalI bhujA dAna hai / prakRti ne svabhAva se hI jIvamAtra ko dAnI banAyA hai / jo kevala baToratA hai, bAMTanA nahIM jAnatA, usake jIvana meM zrAnanda nahIM A sakatA hai / saMcaya karate samaya isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki saMcaya kA uddezya mAtra saMcaya na ho, balki dAna honA cAhie / jo apane hI svArthI aura apanI hI mAnyatAnoM meM baMdhA rahatA hai, vaha vyakti dAna nahIM de sakatA aura ahaM kI paridhi meM Abaddha ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha dAsa banA rahatA hai / ataH dAna dene se saccA saMtoSa milatA hai / vastutroM ke prati mamatA kA tyAga dAna kA eka

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utkRSTa rUpa hai, isa tyAga se hI mAnavatA kA saccA vikAsa hotA hai / parigraha ke saMcaya meM dAna kI bhAvanA rahane se ahaMbhAva aura mamabhAva dUra hote haiN| mAnava jAti kI unnati meM dAna kA mahattva sarvadA akSuNNa banA rhegaa| mAnavatA kA poSaNa aura saMvarddhana isI ke dvArA saMbhava hotA hai / karuNA, dayA, sahAnubhUti prabhRti mAnavatApoSaka guNoM kA udAttIkaraNa dAna dvArA hI hotA hai / jisa vyakti meM yaha guNa nahIM hai, usakI saMvedanAeM antarmukhI nahIM ho sakatI haiM aura na usake jIvana meM sArthaka rAgAtmaka kSaNoM kI saSTi hI saMbhava hai| ahaMbhAva kA pariSkAra aura samyaktva kI dRr3hatA mUrchA yA mamatA ke tyAga dvArA hI saMbhava hai| ataeva prAkRta kathAzilpa ke caturbhujI svastika kI pahalI bhujA dAna mAnavatA ke nirmANa ke lie parama upayogI hai / ataeva kathA zilpa meM ise prAvazyaka mAnA gayA hai / ___ isa svastika kI dUsarI bhujA zIla hai| isameM jJAtRtva, kartatva aura bhoktattva ina tInoM guNoM kI sampRkta anviti vidyamAna hai / naitikatA se anaitikatA, ahiMsA se hiMsA, prema se ghRNA, kSamA se krodha, utsarga se saMgharSa evaM mAnavatA se pazutA para vijaya prApta karanA zIla ke antargata hai / prAkRta kathAkAroM kI dRSTi meM zIla ke antargata nimna guNa mAne gae (1) ahiNsaa| (2) satya / (3) pracaurya / (4) brahmacarya / (5) aparigraha / (6) vicAra-samanvaya / (7) saMyama / vizvaprema kI gaNanA ahiMsA ke antargata AtI hai| samAja aura vyakti ke bIca adhikAra aura kartavya kI zrRMkhalA sthApita karanA, unake ucita sambandhoM kA saMtulana banAe rakhanA, sahayoga kI bhAvanA utpanna karanA Adi ahiMsA ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| samAja ke bheda-bhAva dUra kiye jA sakate haiM / ahiMsA kA vAstavika lakSya yahI hai ki vargabheda aura jAtibheda se Upara uThakara samAja kA pratyeka sadasya anya ke sAtha ziSTatA aura mAnavatA kA vyavahAra kre| chala, kapaTa, zoSaNa Adi ahiMsA ke dvArA hI dUra ho sakate haiN| "svayaM jiyo aura anya ko jona do" kA pATha prohasA ho par3hA sakatI haiN| prAdhyAtmika, mAnasika aura zArIrika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa ahiMsA ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai / ahiMsA vrata kI rakSA ke lie satya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / jhUTha kA virodhI yA viparIta satya hai / jhUTha ke dvArA hI prAtmavaMcanA, kUTanIti aura dhokhA diyA jAtA hai| satya ke vyavahAra se samAja aura vyakti ina donoM ko zAMti milatI hai| acaurya dvArA samAja ke adhikAroM kI rakSA kI jAtI hai| jo anaitika hai, corI karatA hai, vaha samAja yA rASTra ke hitoM kI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA / asteya kI bhAvanA vyakti ke vikAsa ke sAtha samAja meM bhI sukha zAMti utpanna karatI hai| brahmacarya kA artha hai apanI AtmA ke svarUpa kA AcaraNa karanA / ataH indriyoM kI uddAma pravRtti kA nigraha karanA brahmacarya hai / aparigraha kA artha hai parigraha kA tyAga / parigraha kI maryAdA kara lenA bhI aparigraha kA laghu rUpa hai / sAmrAjya aura pUMjI kI AsurI lIlAeM isa aparigraha ke dvArA hI dUra

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hotI haiN| tRSNA aura kAmanAoM kA niyaMtraNa yahI kara sakatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki apane yoya-kSema ke lAyaka bharaNa-poSaNa kI vastuoM ko grahaNa karanA tathA parizrama kara jIvana yApana karanA, anyAya aura atyAcAra dvArA dhanArjana kA tyAga karanA aparigraha hai| "muMDe -maMDe matibhinnA" lokokti ke anusAra vizva ke mAnavoM meM vicAra bhinnatA kA rahanA svAbhAvika hai, yataH sabakI vicArazailI eka-sI nahIM hotii| vicAra vibhinnatA hI matabheda aura vidveSa kI jananI hai / Apasa meM vidveSa aura ghRNA vicAra asahiSNatA ke kAraNa hI utpanna hote haiM / ataH vicAra samanvaya zIla kA eka aMga hai| saMyama kA artha hai icchAoM, vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanA / saMyama ke do bheda haiM--indriya-saMyama aura prANi-saMyama / indriyoM ko vaza meM karanA indriya-saMyama hai| paMcendriyoM kA nigraha karanA tathA kAmanA aura lAlasAoM ko jItanA indriya saMyama meM parigaNita hai| ___ anya prANiyoM ko kiMcit bhI duHkha na denA prANisaMyama hai / vizva ke samasta prANiyoM kI sukha suvidhA kA pUrA-pUrA khyAla karanA bhI isa saMyama kA aMga hai / isa prakAra zIla isa caturbhujI svastika kI dUsarI bhujA hai / / isakI tIsarI bhujA tapa hai / isakA lakSya hai AtmavikAsa aura prAtmotthAna karanA / tapa kA artha hai asat pravattiyoM aura icchAoM kA nirodha karanA / kaSTasahiSNu bananA tathA zraddhAlu aura Astika hokara vratopavAsa, sAmAyika-ekAnta meM baiThakara prAtmacintana, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna Adi karanA tapa meM zAmila haiN| isa svastika kI cauthI bhujA sadbhAvanA hai / jIvana ke banAvaTI vyavahAroM kA tyAga karake sacce hRdaya se sabhI ke prati nirmala bhAvanA rakhanA, IrSyA aura rAga-dveSa hai aura para meM bhI prAtmabhAvanA utpanna ho jAtI hai, to vaha kisI kI burAI nahIM soctaa| sadbhAvanA dvArA samAja meM zAMti utpanna hotI hai / isa prakAra prAkRta kathAkAroM ne apane kathA-sthApatya meM isa caturbhuja kA sanniveza kara kathAnoM kI AtmA para prakAza DAlA hai / prAyaH sabhI prAkRta kathAoM meM ina cAroM tatvoM kA avazya sanniveza hai| 22 (6) udAttIkaraNa--prAkRta kathAkAroM ne apane kathA-sthApatya meM caritra-nirmANa para vizeSa bala diyA hai| yadyapi pAtra vargapratinidhitva hI karate haiM, to bhI caritroM meM udAtta tatva sanniviSTa hai| manuSya svabhAvataH saMvegoM kA puMja hai| saMvega meM manuSya kI prakRti sama avasthA meM na rahakara viSamAvasthA meM rahatI hai, isIlie manuSya kA triguNamaya antaHkaraNa saMvegAvasthA meM vikAramaya rahatA hai / ye vikAra Avaza, Avega aura manaH pravRttiyoM ke jhaTiti ke rUpa meM vyakta hote hai| ataH saMvega manuSya kI una sthitiyoM se sambaddha rahate haiM, jo sthitiyAM sAdhAraNa aindriya sannikarSa kI ora Azraya ko utprerita karatI haiN| udAttIkaraNa ke dvArA kalAkAra ina nimnAbhimukha saMvegoM ko kisI UMce Ardaza kI ora saMghAvita karatA hai| saMvegoM ke udAttIkaraNa meM vRttiyoM ke saMsthApana, saMhanana aura pAlambana viparyaya se kAma liyA jAtA hai| visthApana kA abhiprAya sthAna parivartana se aura saMhanana kA abhiprAya jo bAta adhika meM kahI jAya use saMkSepa meM kahane se hai / prAkRta kathAkAroM ne caritroM ko Adarza aura udAtta banAne kI zilpavidhi kA prayoga kiyA hai| prAraMbha meM pAtra triguNAtmaka nimnavRttiyoM-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhAdi se yukta dikhalAI par3ate haiM, para lekhaka Age jAkara pAtroM ke samakSa aise-aise nimitta kAraNa upasthita karatA hai, jisase unakI jIvana dizA maDa jAtI hai aura caritroM kA udAttIkaraNa hotA calatA hai / 10 . -22-eDu0

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146 23 / sAmarasya sRSTi aura preSaNIyatA-- prAkRta kathAoM meM sandeza ko preSaNIya banAne ke lie sAmarasya kI sRSTi kI gayI haiM / preSaNIyatA kA saMbaMdha vyaMjanA se hai / rAgoM, manobhAvoM aura vicAroM ko saMkrAmaka vRtti dvArA pAThaka yA zrotA taka pahu~cAnA preSaNIyatA hai / sAmarasya kI preSaNIyatA meM tIna tattva garbhita haiM- (1) preSaka bhAvoM-- svastika ke caturbhuja rUpa kI maulikatA / ( 2 ) preSaNa kI spaSTatA / (3) kathAkAroM ke jIvana kI vizuddhatA tathA unake manobhAvoM kI saccAI / prAkRta ke kathAkAroM ne jIvana kI gaharAiyoM meM prApta anubhavoM aura sAdhAraNa sthiti rAga-virAgoM kA preSaNa kiyA hai / 24 / bhAgya aura saMyoga kA niyojana -- prAkRta kathAoM meM bhAgyavAda para bar3A jora diyA gayA hai / jo kucha bhI hotA hai yA ho sakatA hai, vaha saba bhAgyAnusAra hI hotA hai / prAkRtika ghaTanAoM yA vastuoMoM kI bhAMti manuSya ke karma bhI kArya-kAraNa kI zrRMkhalatA meM baMdha haiM | karma aura usake vipAka kA sambandha prAtmA kI vai bhAvika zakti para nirbhara hai| vyakti kA apanA astitva kucha nahIM, karmaphala kI preraNA hI - - janma-janmAntaroM kA sambandha ho saba kucha haiM, jo vyakti ke saMyoga-viyogoM ko saMghaTita yA vighaTita karatA hU~ / hAM, mokSa puruSArtha kI prApti ke lie vyakti apanI gRhasthAzrama kI grAsakti ko chor3a bhAgyavAda kA atireka karatA hU~ / 25 / pArAmanovaijJAnikazilpa -- isa sthApatya kA upayoga pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAeM sunAkara saMsAra se virakta karAne aura saMnyAsI yA bhramaNa jIvana ke hetu prerita karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / 26 | alaukika tattvoM kI yojanA -- prAkRta kathAoM meM kucha aise tatvoM kA bhI sanniveza kiyA gayA hai, jo devI prabhAvoM se AcchAdita haiM / ye pAThaka ko kevala camatkRta ho kara sakate haiM, jIvana zodhana nahIM / 27 / madhya maulikatA yA gravAntara maulikatA -- prAkRta kathAoM ke sthApatya kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki inakA mUla madhya meM rahatA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki madhya meM rakhA hugrA dharmopadeza yA kathA kA marma Adi aura anta ko bhI dIpaka ke samAna udbhAsita karatA hai / 28 / doza, nagara, grAma aura vyaktiyoM ke nAmoM dvArA nAdatattva kI yojanA kathA meM nAdatattva kA sRjana karatI hai / nAdatattvoM se saundarya aura saMgIta kI niSpatti hotI. | pAThaka ke grAntarika saundarya kI abhivyaMjanA karane meM nAdatattva bahuta sahAyaka hotA 1 isa prakAra prAkRta kathAoM kA sthApatya bahuta hI saMgaThita aura vyavasthita hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAkRta kathAeM lAThI kI mAra kI taraha sIdhe hRdaya para coTa karatI haiM / dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM kI bhAvAtmaka aura alaMkRta vANI meM abhivyaMjanA karatI haiM / alaMkAra aura rasa kI yojanA bhI inameM vidyamAna haiN| yahAM "ghRtaM bhuktaM" ke samAna eka-eka avayava ko bhI sthApatya kahA gayA hai /

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147 tatIya prakaraNa haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA AlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa isa vizleSaNa kA uddezya yaha khoja nikAlanA hai ki haribhadra kI prAkRta kathA - kRtiyoM meM kalAsauMdarya evaM kathAtattvoM kA samAveza kitanI kuzalatA se sampanna huA hai aura isa kArya ke liye unhoMne kina-kina upAdAnoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai tathA antavyati spandana aura jIvana kI pratiSThA kahAM taka huI haiM ? lekhaka kI kalpanA meM manuSya ko daya ke kisa vizeSarUpa ne ghanIbhUta hokara apane ananta vaicitrya ke prakAza ko saundarya dvArA prasphuTita kiyA haiM / jIvana-nirmANa kI kauna-sI sAmagrI prayukta hai / aura jIvana ke bIca bikharI huI ananta vibhUtiyoM ke saundarya ko kisa prakAra udghATita kiyA hai / isa vizleSaNa ke AdhArabhUta nimna siddhAnta haiM :-- da jagat (1) jIvana kI AsthA aura vyAkhyA / (2) jIvana meM ghaTita hone vAle vibhinna parivartanoM kI pahacAna aura unake upacAra / (3) mukhya ghaTanA -- jo kendra bhAva ke sAtha tAdAtmya sambandha rakhatI haiM / (4) mukhya ghaTanA kI niSpatti -- kautUhala yA vismaya tatvoM ke sahAre ghaTanA vyApAra kI gatividhi aura carama sthiti meM bhAvapakSa kI spaSTatA / (5) ghAta-pratighAta -- ghaTanA vikAsa ke sAtha sat-asat kA saMgharSa tathA tathya aura satya kA saMketa / (6) mukhya kathA kA avAMtara kathA ke sAtha sambandha aura avAMtara kathAoMoM kA saundarya vizleSaNa / (7) paristhiti niyojana ke sAtha parivezamaNDala - - samagra citra meM zrAbhA vizeSa kA niyojana | (8) caritra sthApatya - - AzA-nirAzAoM ke dvandva, vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke bIca pAtroM ke bhAva aura vicAra evaM sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika samasyAoM ke caritragata samAdhAna / (e) zailI - - citrAtmaka, nATakIya aura samanvita zailiyoM kA vizleSaNa / (10) lakSya aura anubhUti / ( 11 ) prabhAvAnviti / samarAiccakahA rAmarAiccakahA meM nau bhava yA pariccheda haiM / pratyeka bhatra ko kathA kisI vizeSa sthAna, kAla aura kriyA kI bhUmikA meM apanA paTa parivartana karatI hai / jisa prakAra nATaka meM pardA girakara yA uThakara saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa ko badala detA hai, usI prakAra isa - kathA kRti meM eka janma kI kathA agale bhava kI kathA ke Ane para apanA vAtAvaraNa, kAla aura sthAna ko parivartita kara detI hai / saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA ki sAmAnyataH pratyeka bhava kI kathA svataMtra haiM, apane meM usakI prabhAvAnviti nakolo / kathA kI prakAzamAna cinagAriyAM grapane bhava meM jvalana kArya karatI huI, agale

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148 bhava kA pAlokita karatI haiN| pratyeka bhava kI kathA meM svatantra rUpa se eka prakAra kI navInatA aura sphUtti kA anubhava hotA hai| kathA kI prAdyanta gatizIla snigdhatA aura utkarSa apane meM svatantra hai| ataeva pratyeka bhava kI kathA kA pRthak-pRthak vizleSaNa karanA tarka saMgata hai| prathama bhava kI kathA : guNasena aura agnizarmA guNasena aura agnizarmA kI kathA meM dhArmika kathA kI prathita maryAdAoM ke sandarbha meM udAtta caritra kI pratiSThA kI gayI hai| nidAna --viSaya-bhoga kI cAha sAdhanAsampanna hone para bhI janma-janmAntara taka kaSTa detI hai| vratAcaraNa karake bhI jo laukika yA pAralaukika bhogoM kI AkAMkSA karatA hai, vaha ananta saMsAra kA pAtra banatA hai / sthala jAtIya aura dhArmika sAdhanA kI jIvana prakriyA ko kalA ke prAvaraNa meM rakha jIvana ke bAharI aura bhItarI satyoM ko avatAraNA kA prayAsa-vizeSa isa kathA kA pradhAna svara hai / sahanazIlatA aura sadbhAvanA ke bala se hI vyakti ke vyaktitva kA vikAsa hotA hai / dhArmika pariveza ke mahatvapUrNa dAyitva ke prati isa kathA kA rUpavinyAsa do tatvoM se saMghaTita hai| karma-janmAntara ke saMskAra aura hInatva kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa apane vikAroM ko itara vyaktiyoM para prAkSipta karanA / agnizarmA apane bacapana ke saMskAra aura usa samaya meM utpanna huI hInatva kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa guNasena dvArA pAraNA ke bhUla jAne se kruddha ho nidAna bAMdhatA hai / guNasena kA vyaktitva guNAtmaka guNavRddhi ke rUpa meM aura agnizarmA kA vyaktitva bhAvAtmaka yA bhAgAtmaka bhAgavaddhi ke rUpa meM gatimAna aura saMgharSazIla hai| ina donoM vyaktitvoM ne kathAnaka kI rUparacanA meM aisI aneka mor3e utpanna kI hai, jinase kArya vyApAra kI ekatA, paripUrNatA evaM prArambha, madhya aura anta kI kathA yojanA ko aneka rUpa aura santulana milate calate haiN| yaha kathA kisI vyakti vizeSa kA itivRtta mAtra hI nahIM hai, kintu jIvanta caritroM kI sRSTi ko mAnavatA kI ora le jAne vAlI hai| dhArmika kathAnaka ke caukhaTa meM sajIva caritroM ko phiTa kara kathA ko saprANa banAne kI pUrI ceSTA kI gayI hai / deza kAla ke anurUpa pAtroM ke dhArmika aura sAmAjika saMskAra ghaTanA ko pradhAna nahIM hone dete--pradhAnatA prApta hotI hai unakI caritraniSThA ko| ghaTanA pradhAna kathAoM meM jo sahaja AkasmikatA aura kArya kI anizcita gatimattatA A jAtI hai, usase nizcita hI yaha kathA saMkramita nahIM hai--yaha sabhI ghaTanAeM kathya hai aura jIvana kI eka nizcita zailI meM ve vyakti ke bhItara aura bAhara ghaTita hotI hai| ghaTanAoM ke dvArA mAnava prakRti kA vizleSaNa aura usake dvArA tatkAlIna sAmantavargIya janasamAja evaM usakI ruci tathA pravRttiyoM kA prakaTIkaraNa isa kathA ko dezakAla kI cetanA se abhibhUta karatA isake atirikta guNasena ke hRdaya meM bhAvanAoM kA utthAna-patana mAnava kI mUla prakRti meM nyasta manovaijJAnika saMsAra ko citrita karatA hai| krodha, ghaNA Adi maulika AdhArabhUta vRttiyoM ko unakI rUpavyApti aura saMsthiti meM rakhanA haribhadra kI sUkSma saMvedanAtmaka paka: kA paricAyaka hai / dhArmika jIvana meM bhAgIdAra banane kI cetanA ?--nidAnaM viSayabhogAkAMkSA---sarvA0 7 / 18, pR0 234 /

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146 guNasena kI vaiyaktika nahIM, balki sArvajanIna hai| bhogavAda aura zArIrika sthUla prAnandavAda kA nazvara rUpa upasthita kara vayaktika vadanA kA sAdhAraNokaraNa kara diya jisase caritroM kI vaiyaktikatA sArvabhaumikatA ko prApta ho gayI hai / isa prathama bhava kI kathA meM caritra sRSTi, ghaTanAkrama aura uddezya ye tInoM eka sAtha ghaTita ho kathA pravAha ko Age bar3hAte haiN| agnizarmA kA hInatva bhAva kI anubhUti ke kAraNa virakta ho jAnA aura vasantapura ke udyAna meM tapasviyoM ke bIca tApasI vRtti dhAraNa kara ugra tapazcaraNa karanA tathA gaNasena kA rAjA ho jAne ke pazcAt prAnanda bihAra ke liye vasantapura meM nirmita vimAnachandaka nAmaka rAjaprAsAda meM jAnA aura vahAM agnizarmA ko bhojana ke liye nimaMtrita karanA tathA bhojana saMpAdana meM prAkasmika antarAya kA pA jAnA Adi kathAsUtra ukta tInoM ko samAnarUpa se gatizIla banAte haiN| isa kathA meM do pratirodhI caritroM kA avAstavika virodhamalaka adhyayana bar3I sundaratA se huA hai / guNasena ke cir3hAne se agnizarmA tapasvI banatA hai, punaH guNasena ghaTanAkrama se agnizarmA ke saMparka meM AtA hai| aneka bAra prAhAra kA nimantraNa detA hai, paristhitiyoM se bAdhya hokara apane saMkalpa meM guNasena asaphala ho jAtA hai| usake mana meM aneka prakAra kA pazcAtApa hotA hai, vaha apane pramAda ko dhikkAratA hai / prAtmaglAni usake mana meM utpanna hotI hai| kulapati se jAkara kSamA yAcanA karatA hai, para antataH agnizarmA ise apane pUrva apamAna ke krama kI kar3I hI mAnatA hai aura ISyo, vidvaSa, pratizodha se tApasI jIvana ko kaluSita kara guNasena se badalA lene kA saMkalpa karatA hai / yahAM se guNasena ke caritra meM prArohaNa aura agnizarmA ke caritra meM avarohaNa kI gati utpanna ho jAtI hai| caritroM ke virodha mUlaka tulanAtmaka vikAsa kA yaha adhyayana isa kathA meM atyanta manovaijJAnika DhaMga se huA hai| caritra sthApatya kA ujjvala nidarzana agnizarmA kA caritra hai / yataH agnizarmA kA tIna bAra bhojana ke AmaMtraNa ma bhojana na milane para zAnta raha jAnA, use sAdhu avazya banAtA, vaha paraloka kA zreSTha adhikArI hotA, para use uttejita dikhalAye binA kathA meM upacAra-vakratA nahIM pA sakatI thii| kathA-vikAsa ke liye kuzala lekhaka ko usameM pratizodha kI bhAvanA kA utpanna karanA nitAnta Avazyaka thA / sAdhAraNa stara kA mAnava, jo mAtra sammAna kI prAkAMkSA se tapasvI banatA hai, tapasvI hone para bhI pUrva virodhiyoM ke prati kSobha kI bhAvanA nihita rahatI hai, usakA uttejita honA aura pratizodha ke liye saMkalpa kara lenA usake caritragata gaNa hI mAne jAyeMge / kathAnaka saMghaTana kI dRSTi se yaha kathA saphala hai| gaNasena aura agnizarmA kI malakathA ke sAtha prAcArya vijayasena kI avAntara kathA gumphita hai| isa kathA meM somavasu purohita ke putra vibhAvasu ke pUrvabhava kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / manuSya ahaMbhAva ke kAraNa anya vyaktiyoM kI bhartsanA yA apamAna karane se patita ho jAtA hai aura use zvAna jaisI nindya yoni ko dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| pravAntara kathA kA malakathA ke sAtha pUrNa sambandha haiM, sAtha hI nidAna tattva ke vizleSaNa meM yaha avAntara kathA bhI sahayoga pradAna karatI hai / rUpavidhAna kI dRSTi se yaha kathA "bIjadharmA" hai / isa kathAbIja se eka vizAla vaTavRkSa utpanna hotA hai aura aneka avAntara prAsaMgika kathA zAkhAeM nikalatI haiM, jo sabhI dhAmika antazcetanA se prANa tattva grahaNa karatI hai| vijayasena aura vasabhati kI kathA mUla kathA bIja kI aMkurita huI zAkhA-upa-zAkhAeM hI haiN| zailI kI dRSTi se ise mitha zailI kI kathA kahA jA sakatA hai| kaI sthaloM para aise sundara citra khIMce gaye haiM, jinake AdhAra para bhAskarya kalA ke utkRSTa namune

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150 taiyAra ho sakate haiM / mukhya ghaTanAoM meM jahAM eka ora paristhitiyoM kA spaSTIkaraNa haiM, vahAM dUsarI ora jIvana kI vibhinna samasyAtroM kA Arambha haiM / kathAsUtra guNasena aura agnizarmA kI sat asat pravRttiyoM ke ghAta-pratighAta se Age bar3hatA hai / dhArmika fryamoM kI vyAkhyA bIca-bIca meM hotI calatI haiM / kathAkAra apane lakSya ka anusAra gRhastha dharma aura munidharma ke citra upasthita karatA huA Age bar3hatA hai / uccatama zreya kI prApti isakA lakSya haiM / pradhAna pAtra guNasena meM dhArmika cetanA kI nirantara kriyAzIlatA varttamAna hai / isa kathA meM guNasena kA sAMsArika se prAdhyAfree kI ora tathA agnizarmA kA prAdhyAtmika se sAMsArika kI ora prayANa eka saMgharSavakta, vikAragrasta dharAtala para citrita karanA kathAkAra kA pradhAna lakSya hai / mAnavIya IrSyA, bhartsanA, vyaMgya, chala, zranityatA aura nazvaratA se utpanna virAga bhAvanA isa kathA kI samasta cAritrika granthiyoM kA mUla haiM / uparyukta guNoM ke atirikta isa kathA meM nimna doSa bhI vidyamAna haiM : --- 1 / pravAntara kathA kA saghana jAla kathArasa ko kSINa karatA hai aura pAThaka kA kathA ke sAtha tAdAtmya nahIM ho pAtA / 2 / upadeza aura dhArmika siddhAntoM kI pracuratA ke kAraNa pAThaka siddhAntoM meM ulajha jAtA hai, jisase kathA ke vAstavika Ananda se vaha vaMcita raha jAtA hai / 3 / kathA kI carama pariNati sazakta nahIM ho pAyI hai / 4 / avAntara kathAoMoM ko loka-kathAnoM ke dhArmika caukhaTa meM phiTa karane ke kAraNa avAntara kathAoM kA kathAsva vikRta ho gayA hai aura avAntara kathAeM pratIta pradhUrI-sI hotI haiM / dvitIya bhava: siMhakumAra, kusumAvalI aura Ananda kI kathA dUsare bhava kA kathAnaka aura usakA vinyAsa atyanta Rju aura vAstavikatApUrNa 1 kathA kA kArya eka vizeSa prakAra kA rasa-bodha karAnA mAnA jAya to yaha kathA jIvana ke yathArtha, svAbhAvika pahaluoMoM ke citraNa dvArA hameM vizvAsayukta rasagrahaNa kI sAmagrI detI hai / isa kathA kA prArambha hI prema prasaMga kI gopanIya mudrA se hotA hai, vivAha kI vidhi aneka rocaka prakriyAoM ke pazcAt AtI haiM, haThAt nizcaya ke bAda nahIM 1 vasanta ke manorama kAla meM udyAna - bihAra ke avasara para, jabaki prakRti meM sarvatra mAdakatA aura ramaNIyatA vidyamAna rahatI haiM, prema kA vikAsa hotA hai / prathama darzana ke pazcAt hI ve eka dUsare ko apanA hRdaya samarpita kara dete haiM, vAsanA prema kA sthAna le letI haiM aura premAMkura vivAha vRkSa ke rUpa meM vikasita ho jAtA hai / prema ke anantara vivAha kA Adarza upasthita karanA rocakatA kI vRddhi ke sAtha jIvana kI yathArthatA ko pradarzita karanA hai / Ananda kathA kI yahI yathArthavAdI dRSTi prAnanda meM ahaM kA pratiSThApana karatI hai / pitA ke dvArA diye gaye rAjya kA upabhoga nahIM karanA cAhatA hai, use binA zrama ke prApta kiyA gayA rAjya nIrasa lagatA hai / prataH vaha virodhI rAjA durmati ke sAtha 1-- graha seviu payattA-paritAhiyaeNaM- -sa0 2281-62 / 2-- sa0 pU0 2176-60 /

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151 milakara siMhakumAra ko mArane kA SaDayantra karatA hai / apane pitA ko bandI banA letA ha~ / nirdoSa pitA ke hArdika sneha ko ThukarAkara apanI viparIta dhAraNA ke kAraNa vaha unhIM ko doSI mAnatA hai / yaha yathArthavAdI dRSTi prAge calakara prati yathArthavAdI ho jAtI hai / bandIgRha ke kAluSyapUrNa vAtAvaraNa ke citraNa meM yathArtha vAstavikatA kI jo karuNA aura jugupsA vyaMjaka pratikriyA huI hai, vaha kalA kI prati yathArthavAdI cetanA saMpannatA ke kAraNa hI hai / isa prakAra isa kathA kA samasta zilpa aura usakI pUrNa upalabdhi yathArtha se anusyUta hai / yathArthamUlaka isa kathA kI ghaTanAoM ke mUla meM bhI zAstrIya karma siddhAnta aura prAcAramUlaka vidhi niSedhAtmaka niyama hI kArya karate haiM / pradhAna pAtra siMhakumAra ke jIvana meM ghaTita saMgharSa bhI bAhya paristhitiyoM se to utpanna haiM hI, para antazca tanA bhI kama sahAyaka nahIM hai / bandIgRha meM jaba vaha upavAsa dhAraNa kara letA hai to zrAnandakumAra devazarmA nAmaka karmacArI ko use samajhAne aura bhojana grahaNa karAne ke liye bhejatA hai / devazarmA rAjA siMhakumAra ko nAnA prakAra se samajhAtA hU~ aura puruSArtha karane kI preraNA detA hU~ / rAjA devazarmA ko uttara dete hue kahatA hUM ki maiMne yathArtha puruSArtha kA tyAga nahIM kiyA hai, balki bhAvadIkSA dhAraNa kI hai / saMllekhanA dhAraNa karane kA yaha upayukta samaya hai / mujhe kisI bhI prakAra kI saMpatti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / na mujhe kisI kA bhaya haiM, maiM apanI pratijJA para aTala hU~ / isI bIca AnandakumAra zrAtA hai aura apane pitA siMhakumAra kA vadha kara detA hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki siMhakumAra kA saMgharSa bAhaya kI apekSA antaHparisthitiyoM para adhika nirbhara hai / siMhakumAra ke caritra kI dRr3hatA aura pitA ke vadha karane kA putra kA sAhasa ye donoM hI bAteM yathArthavAdI caritra kI upalabdhi haiM / sRjanAtmaka mAnavatAvAdI cetanA ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki siMhakumAra ke caritra meM sRjanazIlatA ke tattva vidyamAna haiM / yahAM sRjana kA artha sAhasika kAryoM aura jIvana meM kalAtmaka anubhUtiyoM ko sthAna dene se hai / siMhakumAra prema karatA hai, yaha jIvana kI eka sRjanAtmaka astitva mUlaka pravRtti haiM / isa siddhAnta ke Age vaha jhukatA nahIM, aDiga rahatA hai; yaha sRjana kA sAhasika vyaMjaka pauruSa hai / isa prakAra jIvana kI AsthA aura vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se yaha kathA saphala hai / saMpUrNa kathA kA kathAsUtra mAna yA ahaMbhAva kA citraNa karatA hai / yadyapi mAna yA zrahaM kI pratiSThA isa kathA ke anta meM hI hotI hai, para prArambha se hI kathA kA vikAsa usakI ra unmukha haiM / zAzvata virodha bhAvanA, jo samarAiccakahA kI samasta kathAtroM kI antarvyApta dhArA hai -- isa kathA kA bhI yahI mUla viSaya ha~ / isI mUla viSaya ko yaha kathA prAnanda kI manobhAvanA meM gumphita karatI hai aura vaha svayaM pitA kA virodhI bana baiThatA hU~ / Ananda kA pratirodha mAna yA grahaM kI maulika pravRtti para zrAdhArita hai, usakA prasphuTanamAtra hI paristhitiyoM se hotA hai / pitRghAtI putroM ko saMkhyA itihAsa yA sAhitya meM alpa hI prApta hotI haiM / zrAnanda apane caritra dvArA pitA ko nirAnanda banAtA huA saMpUrNa kathA ko prakharatA pradAna karatA hai / 1-- sa0 pR0 pu0 2 / 152 / 2-- vahI, pa0 2 / 154 / 3-- eddahameta me jIviyaM kAlo iyaM saMpayamaNasaNaM- sa0 pR0 2 / 155 - 160 /

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152 isa kathA meM aneka pratIkoM kA sArthaka, saMdarbhayakta prayoga bhI isake zilpabodha kI eka mahattvapUrNa ikAI hai| ye sAre pratIka anyApadezika zailI meM Dhalate Aye haiN| inake dvArA kathA kI ghaTanAmoM meM arthamattA aura vyaktitva kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / garbha meM siMha yA sAMpa kA svapna isa sAMketika artha kI sUcanA detA hai ki garbha meM sthita bAlaka apane mAtA-pitA kA vighAtaka hogaa| garbhAvasthA kA dohada bhI AgAmI ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA detA hai| kusumAvalI ko rAjA siMhakumAra kI prAMtoM ke bhakSaNa kA utpanna hunaa| isa dohada se AgAmI samasta ghaTanAmoM kI sacanA mila jAtI madhavinda daSTAnta bhI eka prakAra kA pratIka hai| isa daSTAMta se mAnava jIvana kI yathArthatA abhivyakta hotI hai| jIva, prAya, kaSAya, gatiyAM prAdi ko abhivyaMjanA pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se kI gayI hai / / isa kathA meM nirUpita prema tatva bhI apanI viziSTa mahattA rakhatA hai| prema ko jisa bhAratIya pIThikA para rakhakara isa kathA meM parakhA gayA hai aura usakA vikAsa dikhalAyA gayA hai, vaha prema kI ziSTa aura svAbhAvika anubhUti hI kahI jaaygii| bhAratIya prema-paddhati meM prema kA prathama sphuraNa nArI hRdaya meM hotA hai, pazcAt puruSa prema karatA hai| prApti yA prayAsa donoM ora se kiyA jAtA hai| donoM hI eka dUsare ko prApta karane ke liye utsuka rahate haiN| isa kathA meM prema kA udbhAsa adhika saMyata, naitika aura svAbhAvika huA hai| kusumAvalI ko hRdaya taraMgoM ko udvelita karane meM siMhakumAra kA vyaktitva saphala hotA hai| usakI viraha avasthA aura saMyoga avasthA ke manohara citra aMkita kiye gaye haiN| antarkathA ke rUpa meM AyI huI amaragupta kI kathA mukhya kathA ke vikAsa ko svAnurUpa sthApatyagata samAnatA detI hai / kathA ke vikAsa ke liye avAntara yA upakathAnoM kA prakSepaNa haribhadra ko apanI paddhati hai / ye ina avAntara kathAoM ke dvArA pradhAna pAtra meM sAMsArika nazvaratA aura vairAgya ko cetanA jAgata karate haiN| avAntara kathAeM sarvadA eka hI rUpa meM sunizcita sthApatya ke anusAra AtI hai| nAyaka kA sAkSAtkAra prAtmajJAnI muni se hotA hai, jo apanI virakti kI AtmakathA kahatA hai / yaha upakathA yA avAntara kathA bhI janma-janmAntara ke kathAsUtroM meM guthI rahatI hai| prastuta amaragapta ko kathA bar3I rocaka haiM, yaha anaka bhavoM kA lekhA-jokhA upasthita karatI hai / yaha kathA malabhAva kA citraNa karate hae apanI viziSTatA ke kAraNa malakathA ke sAtha prabhAvAnvayana kA kArya karatI hai| ekonmukhatA ke sAtha prabhAvAnviti para pahu~canA hI isa avAntara kathA kA lakSya haiM / ___zailI kI dRSTi se isa bhava ko kathA tarkapUrNa vyAvahArika zailI meM likhI gayI hai / varNana praur3ha aura prAMjala hai / svapna meM dekhe gaya siMha kI prAkRti, rUpa, teja aura prabhAva kA citrAtmaka varNana kathA kI gati ko tathya vizleSaNa ke sAtha nizcita prabhAva kI ora le jAtA hai / uparyukta guNoM ke atirikta isa kathA meM nimna truTiyAM bhI vartamAna haiN| 1 / avAntara kathA meM pAyI huI pUrvabhavAvali kathArasa ko kSINa karatI hai / 2 / siddhAnta nirUpaNa meM prayukta pAribhASika zabdAvalI se kathA-rasika pAThaka aba jAtA hai / 1--saM0 pR0 21136--136 /

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153 3 / itivRtta meM paurANikatA kA yatheSTa samAveza rahane se prAdhunika pAThaka ko ghaTanAtantra para vizvAsa nahIM ho pAtA hai / 4 / ghaTanAoM kI carama pariNati nukIlI nahIM hai / 5 / zrAnanda ke caritra kA eka hI pakSa upasthita kiyA gayA hai / ntara kI zatrutA rahane para bhI mAtA ke prati sneha kA prabhAva hai / usake caritra kA ekAMgI vikAsa kathA ko virUpa banAtA hai / rahanA tRtIya bhavakathA : jAlinI aura zikhin jAlinI aura zikhin kI kathA kI preraNA aura piNDabhAva mUlataH jIva ke usI dhAtu viparyaya aura nidAna ke calate haiM, jo ina dhArmika kathAoM meM sarvatra anusyUta haiM / madhya kI kathA prajita kI kathA meM isI mUla, isI marma ko ghaTanAoM kI paripATI ke dvArA udghATita kiyA gayA hai / kathA isa marma se prakAzita hokara punaH vApasa lauTa AtI hai aura Age bar3hatI hai / Age bar3hane para virodha ke tatva Ate haiM aura isa taraha galpavRkSa ke mUla se lekara skandha aura zAkhAoM taka ke antardvandva kA phira zamana hotA hai / ( jaise piMgakeza aura prAcArya ke saMvAda ) / aisA antardvandva sAmAnyataH bauddhika yA dArzanika hI hotA haiM, rAgAtmaka nahIM / nArikela vRkSa kI jar3a bhUgarbha meM bahuta dUra taka hai, isI ko lekara jijJAsA hotI hai aura isa taraha usa bhUgarbha ke marma se pratyAvartita hokara kathA phira vRkSa ke skandhoM aura zAkhAoM kI ora bar3hatI hai / kathA punaH pratijijJAsA ke dvArA uttejita hokara buddhi se karma yA bhAva para prAkara samApta hotI hai / zrataH isa kathA ko madhya maulika yA avAntara mArmika kahA jAyagA / isa avAntara mAmikatA kA Azaya yaha hai ki kathA kA mUla madhya meM nihita hai / pAzcAtya AlocakoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki avAntara yA upakathAoM kA jamaghaTa kathAnviti ke sAtha kevala kathAnaka kI zIghratA, ekAnta pUrvAgraha aura mAtratvacA sparza kA hI dyotaka hai / bIca kA vRtta svatantra yA kSepaka ke rUpa meM zobhA ke liye prayukta hai / hama isa kathana meM itanA aura jor3a denA cAhate haiM ki isa prakAra ke kathAsthApatya meM kathA kA rasa pravAntara mAmikatA yA madhya maulikatA meM nihita rahatA hai / dehalI dIpaka nyAya ke samAna madhya meM nihita maulika siddhAnta kathA ke pUrva aura uttara bhAga ko bhI prakAzita karate haiM / isa kathA meM deza, nagara aura pitRparamparA ko lekara jo vyaktivAcaka saMjJAoM kA bAhulya haiM, vaha koI nirarthaka jamaghaTa nahIM haiM / rUpaka kathAoM kI taraha nAma to sA~ketika haiM hI, para inake calate kathAnoM meM nAdatattva A gayA hai / milTana kI taraha vyaktivAcaka saMjJAoM ke dvArA eka viziSTa vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi hotI hai -- kauzala, paravideha', vijayasiMha, ajitasena, buddhisAgara, zubhaMkarA, zrAnanda, jAlinI Adi 1--dharApaviddhadIpAyavo--sa0 pR0 3 / 166 / 2-- sa0 pR0 3 / 162 / 3- vahI, pR0 3 / 162 / 4 -- vahI, pR0 3 / 167 / 3 / 162 / 3 / 162 / 5- - vahI, pR0 6 -- vahI, pR0 3-- -vahI, 8-vahI, pR0 3 / 166 / 3 / 162 / pitA se janmA khaTakatA

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15.4 ko sAMketikatA aura saMgItAtmakatA ke sAmaMjasya dvArA eka gaMbhIra vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi hotI haiM, jisase dharma ko sAtvikatA abhivyaMjita ho jAtI haiM / adhikAMza vyaktivAcaka nAma sArthaka haiM, jisakA jisa prakAra kA caritra, guNa haiM, usakA vaisA hI nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai / jAlinI yathArtha meM jAlima hai / usakA chalakapaTa pUrNa vyavahAra kisI jAlimadhokhebAja se kama nahIM hai / buddhisAgara yathArtha buddhisAgara hai / bauddhika kAryoM meM usakI samakakSatA karane vAlA koI pAtra nahIM haiM / ataH vyaktivAcaka saMjJAnoM ke prayoga dvArA lekhaka ne tIna uddezyoM kI siddhi kI haiM (1) nAdatattva yA saMgIta-tattva kA sRjana / (2) cAritrika saMketa / (3) anyApadezika zailI meM ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA / dharmakathA hone para bhI isa kathA ke pAtra bilakula sAmAnya nahIM haiM, cAhe unameM eferra ko virala ramaNIyatA bhale hI na mile, para asAmAnyatA bhI vartamAna hai / kahIM-kahIM hAsya sarasatA bhI hai / bhUta caitanyavAda' kA khaMDana kara zrAtmatattva ko siddhi karane vAle AcArya kA zIla zrAtmatattva nirUpaNa ko apekSA adhika prakhara hai / saMskAra - kRtaghna apavAditA -- jAlinI jaMsI mAtA, jo garbhakAla ke duHsvapnoM aura yAtanAoM se putra ke prati hiMsA aura pratizodha kI dIrgha sunizcita vaira kI bhAvanA rakhane lagatI hai / yA to vaha zuddha jIva haiM athavA unmatta haiM yA mAtA kA eka apavAdita rUpa pratiprAkRtika / jAlinI aneka dRSTiyoM se kama-se-kama preraNA aura pratibhAva meM raata nArI ha~ / putra kI prApti mAtA kI mamatA, vAtsalya aura tyAga kI jo paramparita bhAvanA hai, usase bhinna mAtA kI aisI pAzavikatA aura usa pAzavikatA se aise avyavasAya ko dikhalAkara kathAkAra ne yathArthavAda ke atisAmAnya, balki antima sAhasa kA paricaya diyA hai / kahA jA sakatA hai ki aisI mAtAeM aba taka sAhitya meM paricaya - jIrNa ho gayI haiM tathA yaha saba nidAna kI zrRMkhalA siddhi ke liye hai / dharma kI mahattA aura adharmAcaraNa kA kaTuphala dikhalAnA uddezya hone para bhI putraghAtinI mAtA kA aMkana usa kAlakhaMDa ke liye yaha cArvAka svacchanditA jaisI cIja lagatI hai / antima atizayokti meM AghAta aura prakAza donoM se saMpanna vidyut tattva hai / aisA udAharaNa jahAM paramparita zraddheya Alambana ke prati vicikitsA aura roSa ke bhAva to hote hI hai, sAtha hI prajita karmazRMkhalA ke niraMkuza vinoda ko sunakara manuSya pUrNataH nirAza ho jAtA hai / mAtA ke hRdaya meM kalpanA se mAnasika kaSToM, na ki putroM ke dvArA kisI Thosa hAni yA duHkha pahu~cAye jAne ke kAraNa aisI hiMsA kI zrAgnayatA aura himaRtu zilA kaThoratA dikhalAkara prArabdha kI usa udAtta pazAcikatA kA darzana karAyA gayA haiM, jo Upara se vajra kI taraha nahIM TUTatI, bhItara ke vikAroM ke dvArA hamArA vinAza karatI hai / piMgala aura vijayasiMha ke vAda-vivAda ko zrRMkhalA prAdyopAnta apanI vidagdhatA kaM calate kathA vicAra pakSa ko to puSTa, samRddha aura tIkSNa banAtI hai, sAtha hI nimna bAteM aura bhI saMpanna hotI haiM :-- ( 1 ) ajita kI kathA se janma-janmAntara ke kAraNa kArya kA pUrvApara jo siddha ho gayA hai, usameM abhI to AtmA svayaM siddha-sI thI / use tarka kI kasauTI para prativAda ke dvArA siddha karAkara kathA ko lauTA kara aura marma ke marma ko pramANita karA kara kathA kI sArthakatA pramogha banA dI gayI hai / 1-- na khalu ettha paMcabhUyabairitto para logagAmI jIvo samasyIyaisa0 pR0 3 / 201 /

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(2) jo udAharaNa diye jAte haiM, unase rUr3himukta, svacchanda, zraddhArahita, muMhaphaTa, nizzIla tathA vyaMgyapaTu vyaktitva kA patA calatA hai| usake dAdA ne use naraka se sIkha nahIM dI, usake pitA ne svarga se nahIM . . . . . . dhar3e kI cir3iyA kI taraha paraloka meM jAne vAlI prAtmA nahIM hai| isI nagara meM eka cora ne rAjA ke bhaNDAra meM corI kI / use vahAM se nikalate samaya kisI prakAra paharedAroM ne pakar3a liyA aura corI ke mAla sahita rAjA ke samakSa upasthita kiyA / rAjA ne usa cora ke vadha kA Adeza diyA / ataH vadha ke liye lohe ke ghar3e meM DAla diyA gayA, garma kara rAMga se usa ghar3e ke muMha ko banda kara diyA gayA / paharedAroM ko vahAM rakha diyA gyaa| usa banda ghar3e ke bhItara vaha mara gayA / usakI AtmA ko nikalane kA sUkSma mArga bhI nahIM thaa| ataH yaha mAnanA cAhiye ki zarIra se bhinna anya koI AtmA nahIM hai| dharmaguru vijayasiMha bhI na sirpha tarka kA uttara detA hai, balki usI guNa ke, upahAsa zrIra vyaMgya se bhare udAharaNa detA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki eka pravINa eka zAMkhika zaMkha bajAne vAlA pAyA aura vaha nagara ke siMha dvAra--mukha dvAra para bajAtA huA sabhI nAgarikoM ke kAna meM bhI bajAtA thaa| rAjA ne logoM se pUchA-- kitanI dUra para zaMkha bajAyA jA rahA hai ? unhoMne uttara diyA--mahArAja ! siMha dvAra para zaMkha baja rahA hai| rAjA ne kahA--dvAra ke banda rahane para bhI vaha nivAsa gaha meM kisa prakAra praveza kara jAtA hai ? usane uttara diyA, kahIM bhI rukAvaTa nahIM hai| rAjA ne usake kathana kA vizvAsa na kara usa puruSa ko zaMkha sahita ghar3e meM banda kara diyA aura usase kahA gayA ki aba tuma zaMkha bajAyo aura sAtha hI ghar3e ke muMha ko lAkha se banda kara diyA gayA / usane zaMkha bajAyA aura usake bhItara se zaMkhadhvani nikalI, rAjA aura nAgarikoM ne usa zaMkhadhvani ko sUnA / usake nikalane kA kahIM chidra bhI nahIM dikhAyI diyA / aba batAyo vaha zaMkhadhvani kaise aura kahAM se nikalI ? mazaka meM havA bharI gayo', dhajana nahIM bddh'aa| lakar3I kATo, prAga kahAM dekhate hoM, bolo baccU / isa prakAra tarka ke udAharaNoM dvArA hAsya-vyaMgya kI zailI meM zIla hAtA calA haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki cArvAka sampradAya kI yaha zailI thI, lekina udAharaNoM ke ekatrIkaraNa dvArA isa nidAna nirUpaNa ke prasaMga meM ukta kaTAkSapUrNa madhura vAtAvaraNa bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai / pratIkoM kA prayoga--mukhya kathA kI niSpatti ke liye lekhaka ne aneka pratIkoM kA prayoga kara bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA ko hai / yaha satya hai ki pratIka kathA ke prabhAva ko sthAyitva hI pradAna nahIM karate, balki usameM eka navIna rasa utpanna karate haiN| isa kathA meM svarNa ghaTa ke TUTane kA svapna pratIka hai| garbhadhAraNa ke isa hiraNya rUpaka meM varNavilAsa yA dhAtubhAvanA hai| ghaTa udara kA, rahasya kA, jIva ke maNDalAkAra cakra kA pratIka hai| prArjava, paramparA sabalatA, kAvya-gaNasampannatA, dArzanika lAkSaNikatA 1--...mama piyAmahI ----------na paDibohe i| --sa0 pR0 3 / 208-206 / 2--vahI, pR0 217-211 / 3--ihe gammi nayara ego sAvigo vinANaparisaM saMpatto----- --sa0 pR0 3 / 211 / 4--vAyarigro ------- vahI, pR0 3 / 212 / 5--ihagaNa maNassaNa aNi ~~-~-~~~~ vahI, pR0 3 / 212-213 /

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tathA svarNa Adi ke raMgoM ke prati divya kAntimayatA evaM dravya ke prati vilAsitA Adi bhI isa pratIka dvArA abhivyaMjita hotI hai / TUTanA garbhavinAza ke prayAsa aura antatogatvA garbhastha prANI kI hatyA kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai / lagatA hai ki ghaTanA ghaTita hone ke pUrva hI lekhaka anyApadezika zailI meM kisI pratIka kA prayoga kara ghaTanA kA sArA bhaviSya aMkita kara denA cAhatA hai / nArikela kI jijJAsA kathA kI davAta yA balAt nahIM, balki pratIka ke rUpa meM hai / yaha Upara se dekhane meM jIva, para mUla-pUrva janmoM ko pIThikA hai / janmajanmAntara meM karmoM kI paramparA kA rahasya dikhalAyA gayA hai / karmaphala ke anasAra janma-janmAntaroM ke yonibheda meM satarkatA aura sArthakatA hai / viSa diyA--sAMpa banA--bhItara viSa rahatA hai| sAMpa mArA gayA to siMha banA--prAkramaNa kA avatAra / donoM ne eka dUsare ko mArA to donoM cANDAla bane--adhamatA kA pratIka / anantara eka ne guru kA Azrama grahaNa kiyA to janma aura caritra meM bheda / AvRtti para Apatti ho sakatI hai, lekina jahAM karma-dharma kI zRMkhalA dikhalAyI jAtI hai, vahAM yaha prAvatti Avazyaka hai ki pAThaka ke virodha karane yA palAyana karane ko pravRtti bilakula mArI jAya aura vaha samarpaNa kara de tathA kalyANa kA mArga svayaM hI prApta karane kI ceSTA kareM / sthApatya ko daSTi se isakA sthApatya dvandvAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai| mAtA ne putra ko mAranA cAhA--bhAva, guru kI zaraNa meM jAnA pratibhAva, pazcAt dIkSA dhAraNa karanA samanvaya, mAtA dvArA viSa kA SaDyantra--pratibhAva, samasta bAtoM ko jAnate hue bhI putra kI mAtA ke prati karuNA--samanvaya ityAdi dvandvoM kI zrRMkhalA calatI hai / kathA vidhA kI daSTi se nimna kamiyAM bhI isa kathA meM haiM :-- (1) dArzanika tarkoM kI bharamAra rahane se kathArasa meM nyUnatA / (2) ubA dene vAlI prAvRttiyoM kI bharamAra / (3) pradhAna kathArasa meM bAdhaka avAntara kathAoM kA vistAra / __ caturtha bhava : dhana aura nadhazrI kathA -- yaha kathA bahuta sarasa aura rocaka hai| kathA kA prArambha gAhasthika jIvana ke ramya dazya se hotA hai / kathAnAyaka dhana kA janma hotA hai aura vayaska ho pUrvabhava ke saMskAroM se prAbaddha dhanazrI ko dekhate hI vaha use apanA praNaya apita kara detA hai / dhanazrI nidAna kAluSya ke kAraNa usase akAraNa hI dveSa karane lagatI hai / kathAkAra ne isa prakAra eka ora vizuddha AkarSaNa aura dUsarI ora vizuddha vikarSaNa kA dvandva dikhalAkara kathA kA vikAsa dvandvAtmaka gati se dikhalAyA hai / isa kathA meM paricaya prathulatA--nagara kA koI pAtra haiM to nagara ke rAjA kA nAma, jisa mAtA-pitA kA kathA meM koI prayojana nahIM, unake bhI nAma, pUrva janma ke sambandhoM ko kar3I jor3ane ke liye pUrvajanma ke prAcArya kA nAma, pUrva janma ke mitra kA nAma vartamAna haiM / nandaka pUrvajanma meM prArjava kauNDAyana kA anuyAyI thA aura agnizarmA 5--tANaM ca paropparaM siNe hattara --------sa0 pR0 4 / 235 /

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157 kA mitra' / lekhaka ne isa paricaya ke dvArA nandaka ke sAtha dhanazrI ke prema vyApAra kA samarthana kiyA hai / spaSTa haiM ki lekhaka na e dhanazrI jaisI nArI samarthana pUrvabhava ke madhura sambandha dvArA kiyA hai / kukRtyoM kA paricaya prathulatA ke kAraNa kathA kI cetanA bhArAtikrAnta ho gayI hai, para isase bhUta karmoM kI vartamAna meM nirmama kriyamANatA dikhalAnA hI abhISTa hai / vyakti kI sattA koI cIja nahIM, pUrva sambandha asala cIja hai / kathA sattAdhAriyoM kI nahIM, saMskAra sambandhiyoM kI hai / ataeva aisA vAtAvaraNa, jisase pAThaka bhAganA cAhe, para bhAga na sake - - mukti raha-raha kara lupta ho jAya, sukha svacchanda cetanA pravAha kA sukha avaruddha hotA jAya / aisA bhAvAvaraNa kA sAmaMjasya usa loka se, jahAM jIva bhI karmoM ke phala se svatantra bhoga cAhatA hai, lekina zrAvartta se mukta nahIM ho pAtA / kathAkAra ne bar3I kuzalatA se pAThaka kI cetanA ko kathAvastu meM kendrita kiyA hai / paricayoM ko vizAla samUha se bhI pAThaka zubhAcaraNa kI preraNA aura zubhAcaraNa se virata rahane kA saMkalpa kara hatA hai / 2 nAyaka kA janma prAyaH vrata, deva-abhyarcanA yA prasAda ke rUpa meM hotA hai ? / dhanayakSa ke prasAda ke kAraNa janma hone se nAyaka kA nAma dhana rakhA jAtA hai / mAtA svapna meM hAthI ko udara meM praveza karate hue dekhatI hai / svapna phala ke anusAra dhanadeva ko prabhAvazAlI batalAyA gayA / yathArthavAdI yadi prAkSepa kareM ki aisI ghaTanA purANapanthI yA bauddhika sabhyatA ke zaizava kI haiM, to yaha kahanA galata hogA / ataH yathArthavAda kA artha hai abhipreta bhAva yA artha ke liye vAstavika rUpaka prastuta karanA / Alocaka kalAkAra ko spaSTa darzana yA anubhUti nahIM karAne ke liye DAMTa sakatA hai, lekina yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki tumhArI laMkA meM azoka to dekhA, para gulara kahAM hai ? kalAkAra Alocaka kI bhAvanAoM kA prapanna citrakAra nahIM aura na vaha Alocaka ke priya viSaya kI sAmagrI prastuta karatA ha~ / vaha apanI kalpanA ko ramaNIya banAtA hai, para apanI kalpanA ke sAtha ramaNa nahIM karatA / yahI ramaNIyatA kalAkAra kA dAyitva aura Alocaka se usake sambandha kA zrAdhAra hai / aspaSTa darzana yA kSINa ramaNIyatA doSa hai, lekina yaha ucita nahIM / jo yaha kahatA hai ki amuka viSaya prastuta karo, vaha prAdhunika nahIM adhinAyaka hai / yahAM kathAkAra janmamaraNa ko grAvartta yA vivazatA ke rUpa meM dikhalAkara dehAbhimAna, sattAbhimAna, yoga svatantratA yA karttApana ko chinna-bhinna karA denA cAhatA hai isI kAraNa janma kI svatantratA para bhI daM vAghAta karatA hai / dhanazrI apane sundara pati ko chor3akara nandaka bhRtya ke prati itanI prAsakta ho jAtI hai ki use viSa de detI haiM, phira use samudra meM Dhakela detI haiN| ThIka isake viparIta harose ko dhana ke prati itanI dayA ho AtI haiM ki vaha usakA vadha nahIM kara sakatA / nayanAvalI apane sundara pati ko chor3akara kabar3a caukIdAra ke prati Asakta ho jAtI hai aura pati ko viSa de detI haiM / nAma nayanAvalI aura kUbar3a para Asakta, kalAkAra -vahI, pR0 4 / 238 / 1--prajjava kauNDDi. paricArao 2 -- vahI, pR0 4 / 235 / 3-- sa0 pR0 4 / 251-252 / 4--sa0 pR0 4 / 252 / 5 - vahI, 4 / 261-262 / 6 -- vahI, 4 / 307 /

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ne adbhuta vyaMgya upasthita kiyA hai| rAjA yazodhara svapna meM dekhatA hai ki usakI mAtA use sIr3hiyoM se Dhakelakara Apa svayaM bhI lur3haka jAtI hai--aura jAgane para mAtA ke kahane se anna-kukkuTa kA vadha karatA hai aura isa taraha mAtA aura putra strIyoni aura puruSayoniyoM meM bhaTakate rahate hai aura raha-raha kara pUrvajanma kI smRti ho jAyA karatI hai / nayanAvalI kaSTha aura durgandha se sar3a jAtI hai| mAtA bhaisa aura putra pazu hote haiN| donoM ke mAMsa kATa-kATa kara usa vilAsI rAjA ko khAne ko diyA jAtA hai, jo yazodhara kA hI putra hai / mRtyu kabhI-kabhI yoM hI Akasmika rUpa meM pAkhaTa ke tIra laga jAne se ho jAyA karatI hai / mRtyu meM koI avasAda yA viSAda kI bhAvanA nahIM, mAtra zarIra parivartana kA daivAt yoga hai / ataeva nimna bAteM isa kathA se hAtha pAtI hai:-- (1) kathAoM meM nirmamatA kUTa-kUTa kara bharI hai arthAta yathArtha kathana hI nirmamatA, bibhitsA, kSudra Asakti, UMca-nIca ke vicAra se para zuddha nagna pAzavika vAsanA kA satya nissaMkoca nirUpita kara diyA jAtA hai| varNa, saMskAra paramparA aAdi kI paravAha nahIM kI jAtI / (2) vyaMgya kI AdyopAnta vyApti : idhara cANDAla ko dayA, udhara patnI pati ko kubar3e ke liye viSa detI hai / (3) svapna jagat aura jAgrata jagata kA sambandha "girAprartha, jalabIci" jaisA hai| svapna meM pratIka sAmana pAtA hai, para jAgrata meM ghaTanA ke dvArA TIkA prastata kI jAtI hai / ataH isa antarjAgatika anyonyAzrayatA kahA jaaygaa| (4) vyaMgya kA dUsarA rUpa bhI jahAM aziva se ziva kA lAbha--patnI ne viSa dekara samudra meM Dhakela diyA, samudra ke lavaNodaka se viSa kI zAMti tathA bahatA huA takhtA milA aura pati usa pAra / dhana ko lokasAra ratnAvalI hAra kI prApti hotI hai / dhana rAjA ke karmacAriyoM dvArA pakar3A jAtA hai, sArvajanika pramANa ke liye ratnAvalI hAra vadhasthAna taka jAtA hai, cIla ur3A le jAtI hai| kApAlika ne sarpadaMza kA mantra diyA thA, jisase vaha rAjA ke matapatra ko jIvita karatA hai|----phir ghUmate-phirate jaMgala meM hAthI use Upara phekatA hai aura cIla ke ghoMsale meM ratnAvalI hAra mila jAtA hai / rAjA ko vaha lauTA diyA jAtA hai / aba hAra jisakA hai, usako hI milakara rahatA hai / ataeva corI bhI jar3a ke bhramaNa kA itihAsa hI hai / antatogatvA vasta svAmI ko hI prApta hotI hai. isa marma ke liye nAyaka ke sAtha ratnAvalI hAra ko kathA kA jor3a hai / para yaha satya hai ki isa prakAra kI ghaTanA saMkulatA se jI Ubane lagatA hai / ___ isa kathA ke zilpa meM vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki tathya apane mUla rUpa meM par3A rahatA hai, sarvatra vyApta, para eka sthAna para avasthita nahIM aura jar3a-cetana kI ghaTanAoM, avAntara kathAnoM kA sahArA lekara kaI dizAoM se tathya para prakAza kI kiraNeM par3atI rahatI hai-- isa taraha usake svarUpa kA vividha dizAoM se avalokana hotA hai aura gAna punaH punaH apanI Teka para lauTa AtA hai / ?--sa0 pR0 4 / 254 / 2--vahI, 4 / 265 /

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avAntara kathA kA mUlakathA ke sAtha saphala gumphana hai / usake dvArA mUlakathA kI sthiti para prakAza to par3atA hI hai, sAtha hI vaha mUlakathA meM gatizIlatA bhI utpanna karatI hai / prAvRttiyoM kI bharamAra hai / yathA-- putra kA mora honA, mAtA kA kuttA honaa| nayanAvalI ko kubar3A acchA lagatA hai aura vaha usase prema karatI hai, mora (pUrvajanma ke pati) se nahIM aura use coMca se mArane lagatA hai| nayanAvalI mora ko mAratI hai--kattA mora ko gale se (zAyada bacAne ke liye) pakar3atA hai, taba taka rAjA use mAra detA hai, donoM kI antyaSTi sampanna hotI hai / isa taraha kI kaI prAvRttiyAM haiM / isase aisA lagatA hai ki jIvana kI choTI-choTI ghaTanAeM--kyoM mora zora karatA hai, coMca mAratA hai, kuttA kyoM pakar3atA hai tathA kyoM kisI ko kisI kA mAMsa priya hai / ye sArI bAteM alaukika pUrva sthApanA ke calate haiM / jIvana kI choTI-choTI ghaTanAoM meM pUrva janma kA prema, ghRNA, IrSyA, AkAMkSA, krodha, mAyA, lobha Adi kA kAraNa cakra calatA hai / pratyeka kI paristhiti eka paryAya ho jAtI hai aura choTI-sa-choTI paristhiti bhI apanA mahatva rakhatI haiM / ___ anta meM krUratA kI caNDI kI taraha caNDI ke mandira kA sandarbha hai / dhanazrI apane pati dhanadeva ko, jo sAdhu ke rUpa meM vicaraNa karatA huA prAtmazodhana ke liye pravRtta hai, use jIvita hI jalA denA cAhatI hai / use lakar3iyAM bhI nahIM lAnI par3atIM, balki saMyogavaza vahIM eka gAr3IvAn kI gAr3I kI dhura TUTa jAtI hai aura vaha usa TUTI gAr3I ko vahIM chor3a, bailoM ko lekara nikaTa ke gAMva meM calA jAtA hai / dhanazrI ko suvidhA mila jAtI hai aura gAr3I ko dhana ke Upara rakhakara vaha Aga lagA detI hai / dhana dhyAnAvasthA meM anta taka lapaToM meM lIna rahatA hai / _ avAntara kathAoM se karmaphala kI nirmama zrRMkhalA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / mUlakathA ke sAtha avAntara kathA kI anviti sArthaka hai / kathAvidhA kI dRSTi se isameM nimna truTiyAM bhI vartamAna hai :-- (1) prAvRttiyoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa kucha caritroM kA pUrNa paripAka nahIM huA (2) mUlakathA kI apekSA avAntara kathA kA adhika vistAra aura mana ubA dene vAlI janma-janmAntaroM kI bharamAra / paMcama bhava : jaya aura vijaya kathA isa bhava kI kathA meM malakathA kI apekSA avAntara kathA vistRta hai| sanatkamAra ko avAntara kathA ne hI mUlakathA kA sthAna le liyA hai / jaya vayaska hone para paribhramaNa ke liye jAtA hai aura isa kathA grantha kI nizcita zailI ke anusAra use sanatkumAra AcArya milate haiM / ye apanI premakathA kA varNana karate haiM aura apanI virakti kA kAraNa prema kI asAratA batalAte haiN| lekhaka ne isa sthala para bhI eka laghu upa-kathA dvArA pUrva janma meM kiye gaye karmoM ke anivArya phala kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / avAntara kathA kI kaI zAkhAeM haiM aura kathAnaka pRthulatA itanI adhika hai, jisase pAThaka kI jijJAsA to banI rahatI hai, para usakI cetanA zlatha ho jAtI hai / ?--sa0 pR0 4 / 355 / 2----vahI, pR0 4 / 355 / 3--vahI, pR0 4 / 355-356 /

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sanatkumAra ko apanI priyatamA kA virahajanya santApa kyoM sahanA par3A, isakA rahasya batalAne ke liye eka sundara kathA Ayo hai / batalAyA gayA hai ki kAmpilyanagara meM rAmagupta apanI priyA hAraprabhA ke sAtha vasanta-bihAra kara rahA thaa| isI bIca eka haMsa yugala vahAM aayaa| mana bahalAva ke liye dampatti ne ise pakar3a liyA aura kuMkumarAga se raMjita kara chor3a diyaa| rAgaraMjita ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha dampatti yugala apane ko pahacAna nahIM sakA, phalataH viraha vedanA ke kAraNa ve donoM Apasa meM eka dUsare ke binA tar3apa-tar3apa kara jAna dana laga / jaba unakI viraha-vadanA asahya ho gayI aura ve jIvana visarjana karane ko taiyAra ho gaye to unheM gRhadIpikA meM chor3a diyA gyaa| jala meM jAte hI unakA kuMkumarAga dhulane lagA aura kucha hI dUra jAne para, unakA raMga svaccha ho gyaa| unhoMne Apasa meM pahacAna liyA aura ve sneha se punaH mila gaye / __ pUrvabhava kI zRMkhalA jor3ate hue citrAMgada prAcArya ne kahA ki tuma usI rAmagupta ke jIva ho aura vilAsavatI hAraprabhA kA jIva hai / ataH "appaM niyANaM mahanto vivAotti isa siddhAMta ko jIvana meM apanAkara apane kArya vyavahAra ko sampanna karanA caahiye| ___ isa kathA meM caturthabhava kI kathA kI apekSA prema, rAjya aura pArivArika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna sandara prastata kiyA gayA hai / sanatkamAra saccA premI hai, vilAsaktI ke atirikta saMsAra kI anya mahilAeM usake liye mAM, bahana hai / anaMgavatI jaba usake samakSa kutsita prastAva rakhatI hai to vaha kahatA hai--"na ya vihAya calaNavandaNaM tuha sarIreNa meM uvogoM" / vaha vilAsavatI ke prema se vihvala hai, usake binA eka kSaNa bhI use asahya hai, para kupatha kA pathika nahIM banatA hai / siMhaladvIpa kI yAtrA karate samaya yAna bhaMga ho jAne para vaha eka paTare ke sahAre kinAre pahuMcatA hai aura vahAM akasmAt usakA sAkSAtkAra vilAsavatI se ho jAtA hai / vilAsavatI ke sAtha kucha hI dina raha pAtA hai ki eka vidyAdhara apanI vidyAsAdhanA ke avasara para usakA apaharaNa kara letA hai| sanatkumAra samajhatA hai ki usakI priyatamA ko ajagara ne bhakSaNa kiyA hai, ataH vaha nirAza ho AtmahatyA karane ke liye udyata ho jAtA hai / anya vidyAdhara dvArA vaha usakA patA lagAtA hai / punaH prApti hotI haiM aura prApti ke pazcAt viyog| isa prakAra prApti aura viyoga kA dvandva calatA hai / isa dvandva kI kar3I nidAna se milA dI jAtI isa kathA meM Adarza aura pathArtha--donoM prakAra ke pAtra Ate haiN| vasubhUti jaise mitra aura vijayandhara' jaise kRtajJa sevaka bahuta thor3e logoM ko mila pAte haiN| bAlasakhA manoharadatta bhI kama aAdarza nahIM hai| usake hadaya meM bhI apane mitra sanatkamAra ke prati apAra vAtsalya hai / vilAsavatI jaisI premikA bhI sAhitya meM apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai / yathArtha pAtroM meM anaMgavato aura vijayakumAra pradhAna hai| anaMgavatI saundaryopAsikA hai, vaha titalI hai, jahAM bhI use puSparasa prApta hotA hai, vahIM baha jAtI hai / abhilaSita kArya meM bAdhA utpanna hone para vaha siMhanI bana jAtI hai / jhUTha bolane aura mAyAcAratA 1---sa0 pR0 5 / 474 / 2--vahI, pR0 5 / 474 / 3--sa0 pR0 5 / 386 / 4--vahI, pR0 5 / 374 / 5--vahI, pR0 5 / 387 / 6----vahI, pR0 5 / 384 /

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karane meM bhI vaha apanI zAnI nahIM rkhtii| striyocita sArI kamajoriyA~ usameM vidyamAna hai / sanatkumAra dvArA prema prastAva ke ThukarAye jAne para vaha ghAyala sarpiNI bana jAtI hai aura tatkAla hI badalA lene ke liye kRtasaMkalpa ho jAtI hai / lekhaka ne isa sthala para seksa ko muktabhAva se binA jhijhake spaSTa vyaMjanA kI hai| vijayakumAra apane bhAI ke viruddha rAjya prApti ke liye bagAvata karatA hai| rAjA banA diye jAne para bhI apane sAdhu bhAI kI hatyA karatA hai / mAM ke prati mamatA aura AdarabhAva kI sundara abhivyaMjanA kI gayI hai| mAM ke rUpa meM nArI se mAnava sadA ajastra, akSaya sneha to pAtA hI hai, sAtha hI usake prati apanI asIma zraddhA bheMTa karatA hai / jayakumAra rAjA hone ke pazcAt jaba apanI mAM ko vijayakumAra ke bandhana baddha rahane ke kAraNa duHkhI pAtA hai, to usakA hRdaya mamatA se bhara jAtA hai / vaha mAM ko prasanna karane ke liye rAjyapada kA tyAga kara detA hai aura apane bhAI vijayakumAra kA rAjyAbhiSeka karA detA hai / jayakumAra ke caritra kI yaha udAttatA to hai hI sAtha hI mAM ke prati usakI asIma mamatA bhI TapakatI hai / isa kathA meM parivAra saMghaTana aura usako samasyAoM kA samAdhAna aMkita kiyA gayA hai / isa bhava kI kathA ko pramukha vizeSatA rasa, viveka aura vicAra ina tInoM tatvoM ke ucita sammizraNa kI hai| prema vyApAra meM bhI vicAra aura viveka sAtha nahIM chodd'te| pAtra jIvana rasa kA pUrA upayoga karate haiM, usakI bAr3ha meM bahate nhiiN| zailI manoraMjaka SaSTha bhava: dharaNa aura lakSmI kI kathA guNasena aura agnizarmA ina do paraspara virodhI yugaloM kI kathA dharaNa aura lakSmI pati-patnI ke rUpa meM chaThe bhava meM varNita hai / ghaTanA bahulatA, kutUhala aura nATakIya RmavikAsa kI dRSTi se isa bhava kI kathA bar3I rocaka aura pAlAdajanaka hai| kathA kI vAstavika raMjanakSamatA usake kathAnaka gumpha na meM hai| svAbhAvikatA aura prabhAvAnviti isa kathA ke vizeSa guNa hai / pAtroM meM gati aura cAritrika cetanA kA sahaja samanvaya isakA joradAra kathAvidhA ko pramANita karatA hai / ghaTanAoM kI sambaddha zRMkhalA aura svAbhAvika krama se unakA ThIka-ThIka nirvAha ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se nAnA bhAvoM kA rasAtmaka anabhava karAne vAle prasaMgoM kA samAveza isa kathA ko ghaTanA, caritra, bhAva aura uddezya ko ekatA pradAna karatA hai / anya bhAvoM kI pracalita zailI aura kathAnaka gumphana se bhinna isameM kathA kI adhika prasaMga gabhita zailI apanAyI gayI hai / isa zailI ke dvArA pAThaka Arambha se anta taka caritroM, ghaTanAoM tathA manovRttiyoM Adi ke viSaya meM anajAna evaM utsuka banA rahatA hai aura anta meM vAstavika ghaTanAoM ke udghATana se prabhAvita evaM pAzcaryacakita ho jAtA hai / isa bhava kI kathA meM nAyaka kI caritra vyaMjaka aura rocaka aisI aneka ghaTanAmoM kI avatAraNA kI gayI hai, jinase isake kathAtatva kI saMkIrNatA miTa jAtI hai / kArya-vyApAra kI saMghaTanA aura sampUrNatA ko kathAmUlyoM kI dRSTi se eka zreSTha-rUr3hi-nirapekSa prAdhAra mila jAtA hai / apane AkAra, vinyAsa, caritra-citraNa aura pradhAna nAyaka meM antarmukhI vairAgya kI pravRtti kA vikAsa dikhalAne kI dRSTi se isa kathA kA kathAtatva sarvAdhika cisampanna aura pratruTipUrNa hai / / 1--vijano ya posaNa--sa0 pR0 5 / 481 / 19--22 eDu

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162 sa kathA ke prArambha kA hI kArya vikAsa eka vinodapUrNa ulajhana tathA samasyA saM yukta haiM aura nATakIya saMgharSa kI dizA meM agrasara hotA hU~ / devanandI aura dharaNa nagara ko mukhya dvAra para thothe zrahaM kI pUrti ke liye apane rathoM ko zrAmane -sAmane kara yAtA"yAta ko avaruddha kara ar3a jAte haiN| nagara -- rAjya ke nirNaya para donoM sampatti zrarjana karane nikalate haiM / isa nATakIya sandarbha dvArA kathAkAra ko dharaNa ke karma-utsAha aura cAritrika samAroha ko pradarzita karane kA upayukta avasara mila jAtA hai / dharaNa pallIpati ko auSadhi prayoga dvArA jIvana dAna detA hai / pallIpati svastha hokara kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue kahatA hai -- " ajja mA tuha sA zravatthA havau, jIe mae ciya patroyaNa" arthAt Arya ! Apake Upara kabhI aisI Apatti na Ave, jisase Apako merI AvazyakatA pratIta ho / kumAra uttarApatha kI ora Age bar3hatA hai aura use corI ke aparAdha meM bandI banA lete hue mahAzara nivAsI maurya cANDAla se sAkSAtkAra hotA haiM / maurya apane ko niraparAdhI batalAtA huA usakI zaraNa meM AtA hai / kumAra use zaraNa pradAna karatA hai aura use bandhana mukta karAtA hai / ye sabhI ghaTanAeM kumAra dharaNa ke caritra ko bahuta UMcA uThA detI haiM / ina kAryoM se usake mahAn guNoM ke prati zraddhA aura AdarabhAva utpanna ho jAtA / kumAra kI antarmukhI vairAgya kI pravRtti sadA jAgrata hai / satya aura ahiMsA usake jIvana meM hara kSaNa varttamAna haiM / vaha pallIpati ko AjIvana dayA pAlane kA niyama' detA hai / isa janma kI patnI lakSmI, jisakI nAyaka ke sAtha janma-janmAntaroM kI zatrutA hai, avasara Ane para apanI virodhI zakti kA pradarzana karatI hai / dharaNa ke jIvana meM lakSmI kA virodha anya bhavoM ke virodha kI apekSA bhinna hai / isameM devI zakti yA camatkAra ko prAlambana ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / zuddha mAnavIya rUpa se hI virodha kA prArambha hotA hai / isa virodha ke bIca usake karttavya, prema, mAnavatA, prAsthA, antardvandva Adi cAritrika pahaluoM kA vikAsa dikhalAne meM kathAkAra ko zrAdhunika kathA kI saphalatA prApta huI hai / jIvana meM ghAta-pratighAtoM kA aupanyAsika rUci ke sAtha citraNa isa bhava kI kathA kI mahatvapUrNa upalabdhi aura dena hai / caritroM meM pratimAnavIyatA kI gandha kahIM nahIM hai / isa kathA kI sabhI ghaTanAeM aura pAtra vAstavika sAmAjika jIvana se liye gaye haiM / cANDAla, vyApArI, dasyu, DAkU zrAdi apanI-apanI vyakti saMskRti dvArA kalpanAjanya paristhitiyoM ke sthAna para jIvana kI anukRti kA Ananda dete haiM / pratyeka pAtra kA caritra isa kathA meM kisI vizeSa sAmAjika artha kA pratIka haiM aura usakA apanA citraNAtmaka lakSya hai / sabhI pAtroM kA caritra sAmAnyataH prema, ghRNA, dveSa, IrSyA, saMgharSa, lobha Adi manovRttiyoM kA paricAyaka haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pAtra hamAre samAja ke bIca ke prANI haiM, unase hamArA kisI na kisI prakAra kA lagAva hai / nAgarika jIvana ke mUlyoM, sAmAnya sAmAjika vyavasthA meM vyApta mAnava pravRttiyoM, vyAvasAyika praNAliyoM aura antataH naMtika mUlyoM kA pratyanta rocaka nidarzana isa kathA kA pradhAna upajIvya hai / aneka sAhasika aura kautUhala vyaMjaka dRzyoM kI yojanA dvArA eka viziSTa prakAra ke rasa kA spandana hotA hai, jo apanI vividhatA aura varNana saundarya meM 1 - miliyA rahavarA - saM0, pR0 6 / 466 / 2 - - prosahivalayaM hI, pR0 6 / 506 / 3 - vahI, pR0 6 / 506 / 4 - mAriyo nAma cANDAlo - vahI, 6 / 508 / 5 - vahI, pR0 6 / 507 /

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163 dhunika kAla kI kahAniyoM ke samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| prasAda ke "zrAkAzadIpa" meM kathA kA vizeSa guNa hai / isa guNa kI ucita mAtrA hameM dharaNa aura lakSmI kI kathA meM bhI milatI hai / yathArthavAdI ahaMvAda aura caritrahInatA kI dravita heya aura kaTu abhivyakti dharaNa kI patnI lakSmI meM hotI haiM / yaha dhyAtavya hai ki isa kathA meM sanAtana vaira-bhAvanA kI yojanA pArivArika jIvana ke nikaTatama sambandha pati-patnI ke bIca huI hai / lakSmI kA patita cAritrika Adarza sAmAnya nArI ke cAritrika dharAtala se girA huA hai / usakI vaira bhAvanA kA prasphuTana atyanta manovaijJAnika kSaNa meM hotA hai / caNDarudra nAmaka cora ke sAtha SaDyantra karatI huI kahatI haiM- "merA vivAha aise vyakti ke sAtha huA hai, jise maiM nahIM cAhatI huuN| yadi Apa mujhe svIkAra kareM to maiM ApakI manokAmanA pUrNa kara sakatI huuN| merA pati isa pAsa vAle devakula meM soyA huA hU~, ise corI ke aparAdha meM phaMsAyA jA sakatA hUM"" / dharaNa lakSmI ke isa caritra se anabhijJa haiM aura cora dvArA tyAga kiye jAne para vaha use patnIvat punaH apanA letA hai, yaha hai usake caritra kI udAratA / lakSmI suvadana ke sahayoga dvArA dharaNa ko samudra meM girAtI hai tathA galA ghoMTa kara usakI hatyA bhI kara denA cAhatI haiM / sahanazIlatA kI parAkASThA aura zArIrika zakti ke adbhuta prabhAva ke kAraNa dharaNa yadyapi jIvita raha jAtA hai / patnI kA itanA kara svabhAva aura mAyAcAra Aja bhI yatra-tatra dekhA jA sakatA hai / yaha kathA mAtra dharmagAthA nahIM hai, balki sarvAMzataH kalAtmaka kRti haiM / yaha sarvathA lokakathA hai, isameM kisI devatA yA devI puruSa kA samAveza nahIM hai / isake kAryavyApAra sahaja prAkRtika aura mAnava dharma lAbha kI prAkAMkSA se pUrNa haiM / hemakuNDala kI dvitIya zakti tathA kAlasena dvArA bali Adi dene kI prathAoM meM tatkAlIna jAdU-Tone aura "ToTema" kI abhivyakti isa kathA ko jAtIya atIta ( Racial past ) ke bimboM aura citraNoM se sampanna karatI hai / jAdU Tone kI rahasyAtmaka zakti ke udghATana dvArA isa kathA meM eka romAMcaka saMvedana yA gayA hai / kathA ke vAtAvaraNa meM zrauSadhiyoM aura mantroM ko adbhuta camatkAritA zrAdima mAnasa (Primitive mind) kI dharma gAthAtmaka abhivyakti haiM / lokamAnasa kI isa bhUmikA se saMskRta-mAnasa kA vikAsa hotA hai / Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM dharaNa kI patnI lakSmI ke carita meM hameM parapIr3ana ( rati nimphoniyA) kI abhivyakti milatI hai / apane pati dharaNa ke sAtha usake sAmAnya vyavahAra meM isakI spaSTa jhalaka hai / manuSya meM svAbhAvika AkrAmaka vRtti hotI hai, anAyAsa krodha usase sambaddha saMvega haiM / isa mUla pravRtti kA kAma pravRtti se saMbaMdha hai / lakSmI jaba bhI dharaNa se alaga hotI hai yA usase virodha karatI hai, to navAgantuka kI patnI banakara aura kAma kI pratyakSa tRpti kA mAdhyama DhUMr3hakara / usakA yaha kriyAkalApa nizcayataH parapIr3ana yukta vyavahAra kA dyotaka hai / yauna vyApAra ke pramukha uddezya ko pRSThabhUmi meM rakhakara, usakA virodha svataMtra astitva para jAtA hai, jo usakI kAmavRtti kA vikRta pariNAma hai / use kAmottejanA ke viSaya apane pati ko pIr3A pahuMcAkara hI tRpti milatI hai / mAnava prakRti ke isa rUpa kA cAritrika nirUpaNa lakSmI ke caritra meM karake haribhadra ne nitAntataH apanI mAnava prakRti kI sUkSmatama abhivyaktiyoM kI parakha kA pramANa prastuta kiyA hai / 1, saM0 pR0 6 / 520-521 / vahI, pR0 6 / 553 // 30 pu0 6 / 500 /

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164 isa kathA meM nATakIya zailI apanAyI gayI hai / nAyaka ke kArya-vyApAra ke sAtha tre vyaktiyoM ke vArtAlApa zailI ke vikAsa meM sahayoga pradAna karate haiN| ghaTanAoM kI yojanA tathA mukhya ghaTanA kI niSpatti svAbhAvika rUpa se hotI haiM / paristhitiyoM ke utthAna - patana, sahayoga, kathAnakoM kI yojanA, cAritrika saMvedanA kI saMbaddhatA, kathA kI rasamayatA Adi guNa isa kathA ke ullekhya haiM / saptama bhavaH sena aura viSeNakumAra kI kathA utthAnikA ke pazcAt kathA kA Arambha eka Azcarya aura kautUhalajanaka ghaTanA se hotA hai / citra khacita mayUra kA apane raMga-biraMge pAMva phailAkara nRtya karane laganA aura mUlyavAn hAra kA ugalanA' atyanta zrAzcaryacakita karane vAlI ghaTanA hai / kahIM jar3a mayUra bhI nRtya karatA hai ? pAThaka kI jijJAsA isa rahasya ko jAnane ke liye utAvalI ho jAtI hai / vaha rahasyAnveSaNa ke liye prayatnazIla ho jAtA hai / kuzala kathAkAra na e rahasyodghATakA sAdhvI ko upasthita kara saMyoga tatva kI sundara yojanA kI hai / sAdhvI karma zrRMkhalA ke prasaMga meM isa vicitra ghaTanA ko eka vyantara dvArA sampAdita batalAkara pAThaka ke samakSa divya zakti kA udAharaNa upasthita karatI haiM / yahAM citra, mayUra, nRtya aura hAra ina cAroM itivRttAMzoM kA saMbaMdha saMskAra janya jIvana kI vAstavika vedanA ke sAtha hai / kathA kI yaha mUlasattA nAyaka pratinAyaka ke jIvana dharAtala kA pUrNa sparza karatI hai / isa ghaTanA dvArA rasAvega ke sAtha jIvana ke rasamaya citrAMkana kA kArya bhI sampanna ho jAtA hai / isa kathA kI eka anya vizeSatA madhura pArivArika citra upasthita karane kI hai / prArambha se anta taka kathAkAra apane isa lakSya kI pUrti ke liye satarka hai / dhanapati aura dhanavAha nAmaka sArthavAhoM kI bahana guNazrI vidhavA ho jAtI hai| vaha apane nIrasa jIvana se virakta hokara candrakAntA nAmaka gaNinI ke pAsa dIkSA dhAraNa karanA cAhatI haiM / isa kArya ke liye vaha apane bhAiyoM se anumati letI haiM, para bhAI sneha-bandhana ke kAraNa use svIkRti nahIM dete aura usake dharma sAdhana kI samasta vyavasthA kara dete haiM / ghara meM ho jinAlaya banavAyA jAtA hai, sundara bhavya pratimAeM virAjamAna kI jAtI haiM / praSTa dravya se pUjA karane ke sAre upakaraNa ekatra kiye jAte haiN| bhaujAiyoM ke sAtha usakA premapUrNa vyavahAra haiM, para isa prakAra se bahana ke nimitta dhana vyaya karanA unheM rucatA nahIM / ataH va e IrSyA-dveSa karatI haiM, kalaha kA bIja vapana hotA hai / nanada apanI bhaujAiyoM ko samajhAtI hai aura unase sAr3I kI rakSA karane kA anurodha karatI haiM / eka bhAI ko apanI patnI ke AcaraNa para zaMkA ho jAtI hai, ataH vaha kulazIla kI rakSA ke liye use nirvAsita karanA cAhatA hai / jaba bahana ko isa anartha kA patA lagatA haiM to vaha bhAI ko samajhAtI haiM aura ghara meM sukha tathA prema kA sAmrAjya sthApita karatI I mUlakathA kA nAyaka senakumAra apane cacere bhAI viSeNakumAra dvArA jaba bhI vagAvata kI jAtI hai yA usake mArane kI ceSTA, to vaha apane bhAI kA hI vizvAsa karatA hai 1 - sa 0 pR0 7 / 611 / 2 - vahI, 7 / 610 / 3 -- vahI, 7 / 613 // 4 - vahI, 7 / 614 / 5 - vahI, 7 / 614 / 6- traho, 7 / 614 /

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165 aura usa ceSTA ko anya kisI kA vyApAra mAnatA hai / parivAra ke vikAsa ke prati usake hRdaya meM apAra vizvAsa hai / viSeNakumAra kI yogyatA ke kAraNa rAjya meM jo bhI vizRMkhalatAeM sampanna hotI haiM, vaha unake Upara lIpA-potI karane kI sadA ceSTA karatA hai aura apane parivAra ke akhaNDatva ke liye bhAI ko nirdoSa mAnatA hai / prathama bAra jaba nakumAra ke Upara viSeNa ke SaDyantra ke kAraNa ekAnta meM khaDga prahAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha apane puruSArtha ke kAraNa apanI prANarakSA to kara letA hai, para gaharA ghAva usake zarIra meM laga hI jAtA hai| ghAva ke acchA hone para usakA pitA rAjya meM mahotsava sampanna karatA hai / viSeNakumAra isa mahotsava meM zAmila nahIM hotA / senakumAra kI mRtyu na hone se usake mana meM kheda haiM, ataH vaha cintAtura apanI zayyA para par3A bharatA rahatA hai / senakumAra jAkara bhAI ko sAntvanA detA hai, use samajhAtA hai aura utsava meM lAkara sammilita kara letA hai| isa prakAra parivAra kI akhaMDatA kA prayAsa isa kathA meM AdyopAnta vidyamAna hai / parivAra ke khaTa- miTTa e rasa isa kathA meM pUrva prAsvAdana utpanna karate haiM / yaha satya hai ki parivAra saMghaTana meM saMskAroM kA saMgharSa hI pradhAna upajIvya hai / parivAra ke sAtha vyaktiyoM ke caritra bhI apanA pRthak astitva rakhate haiN| eka ora ghora-nAstikatA, hiMsA aura dhokhe kA jIvana hai to dUsarI ora ghora naitikatA, hiMsA aura satyavAditA kA / isa kathA kI tIsarI vizeSatA vizrAnti sthaloM kI haiM / kathA phraMTiyara mela-sI zrAge bar3hatI hai, paraM bIca-bIca meM sTezana bhI prAte-jAte haiM / kathA ke vikAsa mArga meM aneka ThaharAva haiN| ina vizrAnti sthaloM meM kathAnaka zaithilya nAma kA doSa bhI nahIM zrAne pAyA hai, par3Ava aura anuvartana apratyAzita rUpa se kathA ko gatizIla banA dete haiM / kathA campAnagarI ke rAjA zramarasena' ke prAMgana se Arambha hotI haiM / isakA pahalA vizrAntisthala jo anuvartana kA hI dyotaka hai, muSita hAra kI upakathA ke rUpa meM prAtA haiN| mUlakathA ko eka jaMkzana sTezana mila jAtA hai / yahAM campA aura gajapura ke dhanika parivAroM ke vividha citra isa jaMkzana ke vividha dRzya haiM / sarvAMga sundarI aura bandhudeva ke prema ke bIca meM kSetrapAla ne dIvAra banakara isa jaMkzana ke siganala kA kArya kiyA haiM / kathA punaH Age bar3hatI haiM aura deza-kAla ke vyavadhAnoM ko sAtha liye hue nAyaka ke vivAha kA madhura prasaMga upasthita kara detI haiM / senakumAra kA vivAha zaMkhapura nagara ke rAjA kI duhitA ke sAtha sampanna ho jAtA hai / isa manorama mArmika sthala se kathA Age bar3hakara kaumudI mahotsava para ruka jAtI hai / yahAM pahuMcakara kathA ko apratyAzita anuvarttana prApta hotA hai / kumArasena viSeNa ke atyAcAroM se Ubakara nagara tyAga kara detA hai / mArga meM use aneka prapattiyA~ sahana karanI par3atI haiM / zAntimatI se viyoga ho jAtA hai, usakI prApti ke liye kumAra prayAsa karatA hai / pallipati ke sAtha usakA premabhAva ho jAtA hai / sAnudeva sArthavAha bhI kumAra kI sahAyatA karatA hai / isa prakAra zAntimatI ko prApti meM aTUTa prayatna karanA par3atA hai / isa prayatna meM kathAnaka aneka Avartta vivarto ko grahaNa karatA calatA hai / antima vizrAma candrA ' kI upakathA aura kumAra kI dIkSA ke rUpa meM AtA hai / kathA nAyaka sAtha Age bar3hatI hai aura pratinAyaka apane prayAsa meM viphala hotA hai / isa kathA meM rocakatA aura gatyAtmakatA lAne ke liye kathAkAra ne ghaTanA ko prArambha meM hI kaI kathAnakoM ke uttarAMzoM kA ullekha kiyA hai -- jaise hAra kI corI kA 1 - dhanno tumaM, jeNa vAyassa puttotti / tA karehi rAyakumArociyaM kiriyaM - nIgro natra -- samIpaM / - sa0 pR0 7 / 647 / 2- sa0 pR0 7 / 605 / 3 - vahI, 7 / 711 /

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rahasya ghaTanAnta meM prakaTa hotA hai / lekhaka ne isa sthala para sAdhvI se prAtmakathA kahalAyI hai aura usa hAra kA tathAkathita sambandha apane sAtha jor3A hai / pAThaka yahAM hAra kI corI kA rahasya jAnane ke liye jitanA adhika utsuka hai, usase kahIM jyAdA citragata mayUra ke rahasya ko jAnane ke liye / senakumAra ke caritra kI prArambhika vizeSatAeM hI kutUhala utpanna karane meM samartha haiM, isI kAraNa nAyaka ke jIvana kA lambA sUtra calatA hai / nAyaka kI vIratA, usake sAhasapUrNa kArya evaM tyAga, udAratA Adi kA sAMgopAMga varNana isa kathA meM hai / pratinAyaka senakumAra muni kI hatyA meM viphala hotA hai / kSetra devatA use nAnA taraha se samajhAtA hai aura taba bhAI ke prati Adara bhAva rakhane ko kahatA hai / jaba vaha nahIM mAnatA, apane kutsita kArya ke liye kRtasaMkalpa hI ho jAtA hai to devatA use kaSTa dete haiN| hatyA na bhI karane para senakumAra kI bhAvahatyA ke kAraNa vaha naraka gati kA bandha karatA hai / __nAyaka ko akSata rakhanA aura pratinAyaka ko daivI prakopa kA pAtra banAnA bhI isa . kathA kA eka lakSya hai / itanA satya hai ki mAnava zakti ko apekSA adRzya zakti kA citraNa bhI isa kathA meM eka doSa hai| ghaTanAtaMtra kA lambA honA aura kathAnakoM meM vibhinna prakAra kI gatiyoM kA utpanna karanA, kalA-kuzalatA kA paricAyaka hai / kathA dRSTi se yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki nAyaka dvArA itanA adhika tyAga dikhalAye jAne para bhI pratinAyaka ke hRdaya meM parivartana kyoM nahIM hotA hai ? nidAna zRMkhalA ho isakA samAdhAna hai / kathAkAra ne janma aura karma kI kArya-kAraNa paramparA dvArA naitika mAnadaNDoM kI mahattA prakaTa kara apane uddezya kI siddhi ko hai| aSTama bhavakathA : gaNacandra aura vAnamantara pUrvokta sAta bhavoM meM guNasena ko prAtmA kA paryApta zuddhIkaraNa ho jAtA hai / pratidvandvI agnizarmA vAnamantara nAma kA vidyAdhara hotA hai aura guNasena guNacandra nAma kA rAjaputra / prathama bhava kI kathA meM jina pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa prArambha huA thA, ve pravRttiyAM kramazaH pUrNatA kI ora bar3hatI haiN| __ yaha kathA viSaya kI tathyatA ke sAtha nizcita prabhAva ko sRSTi karatI hai| ghaTanAmoM, paristhitiyoM aura pAtroM ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa hotA hai / jisa prakAra sugaThita aura sampanna zarIra ke vibhinna avayavoM kA ucita sAmaMjasya rahatA hai, usI prakAra isa kathA meM kathA ke avayavoM kA ucita sAmaMjasya hai / mAnava jIvana kA sarvAMgINa citraNa, kathAnaka ko kramabaddhatA aura jIvanotthAna ke sUtroM kI abhivyaMjanA bhI isa kathA ke vaiziSTya ke antargata hai| kathA kA prArambha bilakula abhinayAtmaka DhaMga se hotA hai / madanodyAna meM sthita kumAra guNacandra citrakalA kA abhyAsa kara rahA hai / usako tUlikA kANThaphalaka aura vastraphalakoM ke Upara vividha raMgoM ke mizraNa se naye saMsAra kI sRSTi karane meM saMlagna hai / vAta nambara kumAra ko isa prakAra citrakalA ke abhyAsa meM vyasta dekhakara akAraNa kruddha ho jAtA hai / janma-janmAntara ko zatrutA ubuddha ho jAtI hai aura vaha kumAra ko zArIrika hAni pahuMcAne kI ceSTA karatA hai / kumAra kI atulita zakti ke sAmane usakA kucha bhI vaza nahIM calatA hai / vaha lAcAra ho kumAra ko bhayabhIta karane ke liye bhayaMkara zabda karatA hai, para himAlaya kI aDiga caTTAna ke samAna kumAra niSkampa rahatA hai / use kSubdha karane 1-sa0 pR0 7 / 726 / 2--sa0 pR0 8 / 736 /

Page #200
167 kA sAmarthya kisI meM nahIM hai / isa prakAra pahale hI dRzya meM kumAra ke caritra kA ujjavala patha sAmane prAtA hai / vAstava meM dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke guNoM kI prathama jhAMkI hI hameM usakA bhakta banA detI hai / vanamantara kI prakAraNa zatrutA ko dekhakara pAThaka ke mana meM ho sakatI hai ki saMgharSa ke prabhAva meM zatrutA kA bIja kahA~ se samAdhAna " krodha vara kA pracAra yA murabbA hai" se ho jAtA hai / meM jo krodha utpanna huA thA, vaha dhIre-dhIre zrAcAra banakara zatrutA meM parivartita ho gayA hai / ataH krodha ke zrAlambana ko dekhate hI zatrutA ubhar3a AtI hai / kalA ke satat abhyAsI kumAra ke hRdaya meM prema vyApAra kI jAgRti ke liye bhI kathAkAra ne ghaTanA kI sundara yojanA kI hai / zaMkhapura nagara ke rAjA zaMkhAyana kI putrI ratnavatI anindya sundarI hai, usake liye citramati aura bhUSaNa nAma ke do kuzala citrakAra varAnveSaNa ke liye jAte haiM / ayodhyAnagarI meM pahu~cane para kAmadeva ke samAna apratima saundaryazAlI kumAra ko dekhakara ThiThaka jAte haiM aura kumAra kA sundara citra taiyAra karanA cAhate haiM, para zIghratA aura caMcalatA ke kAraNa citra taiyAra nahIM ho pAtA / phalataH ratnavatI ko manorama citra ko kumAra guNacandra ke pAsa bhijavAte haiM aura sUcanA preSita karate haiM ki do citrakAra prApakA darzana karanA cAhate haiM / kumAra citrakAroM ko apanI sabhA meM bulAtA hai aura unakI citrakArI kI prazaMsA karatA hai / kalA se mugdha hokara unheM lakSya pramANa svarNa mudrAeM puraskAra meM dilavAtA hai / dhanadeva nAmaka koSAdhyakSa apanI lobha pravRtti kA paricaya detA hai, para udAracarita kumAra guNacandra se dhanadeva kI yaha saMkIrNatA chipI nahIM rahatI aura vaha usa dhana rAzi ko dUnA kara detA hai / usako yaha pravRtti citrakalA kI marmajJatA ke sAtha kalA aura kalAkAroM ke prati sammAna kI bhAvanA vyakta karatI haiM / usakI dRSTi meM kalA kA mahatva bhautika sikkoM se mApA nahIM jA sakatA / yaha AzaMkA utpanna AyA ? para isakA zragnizarmA ke bhava kumArI ratnavatI ke citradarzana ke anantara hI usake hRdaya meM premAMkura utpanna ho jAtA hai / kalA ke satat abhyAsI kumAra kA mana aba kalAnirmANa se haTakara sundarI ke rUpadarzana meM saMlagna haiM / idhara kumArI ratnavatI bhI kumAra guNacandra ke citra darzana ke pazcAt hRdaya kho baiThatI hai / isa prakAra kathAkAra ne paraspara citra darzana dvArA donoM ke hRdaya meM prema kA bIja vapana kiyA hai| prema ke phalasvarUpa donoM kA vivAha sampanna. ho jAtA hai / kathAkAra ne nAyaka ke caritra kA vikAsa dikhalAne ke liye usake aneka guNoM para prakAza DAlA hai / vaha jitanA bar3A kalAkAra hai, utanA hI bar3A udAra aura zUravIra bhI / kavitA karanA, paheliyoM ke uttara denA evaM rahasyapUrNa praznoM ke samAdhAna prastuta karanA, use bhalI prakAra AtA hai / citramati aura bhUSaNa buddhi-cAturya kI parIkSA ke liye kumAra se aneka praznoM ke uttara pUchate haiM / nAyaka ke sAtha nAyikA ke caritra kI pramukha vizeSatAeM bhI isa kathA ke antargata vidyamAna haiM / ratnavatI pUrNatayA bhAratIya mahilA hai, pati ke prati usake hRdaya meM TUTa bhakti aura prema hai| pati ke prabhAva meM eka kSaNa bhI jIvita rahanA use rucikara 1 --- prAcArya rAmacandra zukla likhita cintAmaNi ke antargata "krodha" zIrSaka nibandha / 2- sa0 pR0 8 / 748 / 3 - vahI, pR0 8 / 742-743 /

Page #201
168 nahIM hai / guNacandra vigraharAja ko parAsta karane jAtA hai| vAnamantara vahAM para vigraharAja se milakara guNacandra ko parezAna karanA cAhatA hai aura jaba apane prayAsa meM vaha asaphala ho jAtA hai to nirAza hokara ayodhyA meM prAtA hai / yahAM prAkara yaha mithyA pracAra kara detA hai ki vigraharAja ne guNacandra ko yuddha meM mAra diyA hai / guNacandra ke pitA isa mithyA samAcAra kA vizvAsa nahIM karate, para strI hRdaya hone se ratnavatI vizvAsa kara letI hai| vaha prAtmahatyA karane ko taiyAra ho jAtI hai| mahArAja maMtrabala apanI putravadhU ko AzvAsana dete hai aura kumAra kA samAcAra lAne ke liye pavanagati vAle dUta bhejate haiN| ratnavatI pAMca dinoM ke liye upavAsa dhAraNa karatI hai, isI bIca use susaMgatA nAmaka prAcAryA ke darzana hote haiN| prAcArya kI virakti kI AtmakathA sunakara tathA manoharA yakSiNI' kI mAyAcAritA aura pUrvakRta karma ke phala ko avagata kara vaha sAhasa grahaNa karatI hai / pativratA nArI kI dRSTi se nAyikA kA yaha caritra paryApta udAtta hai| pUrva ke bhavoM ko kathAnoM meM svataMtra rUpa se nAyikA ke caritra kA udghATana nahIM humA thaa| hAM, dvitIya aura SaSTha bhava meM khalanAyikA ke rUpa meM unake caritra kI eka malaka avazya mila jAtI hai / para kathAkAra ne isa kathA meM nAyikA ke caritra kA udAtarUpa aura usake mAnasika saMgharSa ke ghAta-pratighAta nirUpaNa kara svataMtra rUpa se nAyikA ke caritra kA vikAsa dikhalAyA hai / isa prasaMga meM AyI huI avAntara kathA bhI caritra ke ubhArane meM kama sahAyaka nahIM hai / isa kathA kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki ghaTanA ghaTita hone ke pUrva hI pAtroM ke samakSa isa prakAra kA vAtAvaraNa aura paristhitiyAM utpanna hotI hai, jisase bhAvI kathA kA AbhAsa mila jAtA hai / isameM romAnsa kI yojanA jisa pRSTha bhUmi meM kI gayI hai, vaha nitAnta kalAtmaka hai / navama bhava : samarAditya aura giriSeNa kI kathA navam bhava kI kathA pravRtti aura nivRtti ke dvandva kI kathA hai / samarAditya kA jahAM taka caritra hai, vahAM taka saMsAra nivatti hai aura giriSeNa kA jahAM taka caritra hai, saMsAra kI pravRtti hai / samarAditya kA caritra vaha sarala rekhA hai, jisa para samAdhi, dhyAna aura bhAvanA kA tribhuja nirmita kiyA gayA hai / giriSaNa kA caritra vaha pASANa rekhA hai, jisa para zatrutA, akAraNa IrSyA, hiMsA, pratizodha aura nidAna ko zilAeM khacita hokara parvata kA gurutara rUpa pradAna karatI haiN| kathAkAra ne pichale ATha bhavoM meM gumphita kathA, upa-kathA aura avAntara kathA kI jAla dvArA kathAtantra ko sazakta banAyA hai / isake dvArA caritra ke virAT utkarSa athavA prAtmatatva ke cira anubhUta rahasya ko pradarzita kiyA hai| kathA ke nAyaka aura pratinAyaka rAma-rAvaNa kI taraha jagacchakaTa ke do viparIta cakra hai, jo prAzA-nirAzA, vikAsa-hAsa aura utpatti-pralaya ke samAna zubhAzubha karma zRMkhalAoM ke rahasya abhivyaMjita karate haiN| navonmeSazAlinI kathA pratibhA ne Adarza samAja kI apekSA prAdarza vyakti ke caritra ko gar3hA hai / pitA dvArA samarAditya ko saMsAra meM prAsakta banAye rakhane kA prayAsa tathA samarAditya kA saMsAra ko chor3a dene kA prayAsa tathA ina donoM ke bIca hone vAlA saMgharSa kathA ko advitIya banAtA hai / 1--sa0 108 / 814 / 2--vahI, pR0 8 / 815 / 3--vahI, pR0 8 / 821 / 4-vahI, pR0 8 / 751 /

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166 isa kathA meM eka zrora samarAditya jaise sthitaprajJa, jitendriya aura saMyamI kA caritra aMkita hai to dUsarI ora dAsa arjuna ke sAtha durAcAra sevana karane vAlI purandara bhaTTa kI patnI narmadA aura dhanadatta se anaitika sambandha rakhane vAlI jinadharma kI patnI bandhulA kA caritra bhI samAja aura jagat ke Upara aTTahAsa karatA huA sthita hai / kathAkAra ne bilkula alipta bhAva se isa kathA meM durAcArI, cora, lampaTa vyaktiyoM ke caritroM kI jhalaka dikhalAkara unake caritroM ke prati vikarSaNa utpanna kiyA hai / vAtAvaraNa yojanA karane meM kathAkAra ne isa kathA meM prArambha se hI prayAsa kiyA hai / azoka kAmAMkura aura lalitAMga, ina tInoM goSThI mitroM kI goSThI dvArA jAgatika carcA karake kumAra samarAditya ko viSayapaMka meM phaMsAne kI pUrI ceSTA kI gayI haiM, para zrAzcarya yaha ki "jyoM-jyoM bhIjeM kAmarI tyoM-tyoM bhArI ho" ke anusAra kumAra kA vairAgya bhAva uttarotara dRr3hatara hotA jAtA hai / vRddha, rogI aura mRta ye tIna pradhAna nimitta bhI kumAra kI rAgya vRddhi meM sahAyaka hote haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki prakRti kA pratyeka kaNa kumAra ko saMvega utpanna karAne meM sahAyaka hai / mAtA-pitA ke anurodha se kumAra kA vivAha vibhramamatI aura kAmalatA ke sAtha sampanna ho jAtA hai / kumAra ke upadeza kA prabhAva unake Upara bhI par3atA hai / ve bhI virakta ho jIvana paryanta brahmacarya se rahane kA praNa kara letI haiM / isa prakAra isa kathA ko Atma nirIkSaNa kI vRtti puSTa hotI jAtI hai / isa bhava kI avAntara kathAoM meM yathArthavAda hI nahIM, prati yathArthavAda bhI milatA hai / zubhaMkara aura rati kI kathA meM zubhaMkara ko aneka bAra pAkhAne ke kuNDa jaise ghRNita sthAna meM DAla diyA jAtA hai| yahAM vibhitsA, ghRNA aura gandagI kA prati yathArthavAdI citraNa kara samAja ko svastha banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / vaiyaktika jIvana kI itanI kaTu AlocanA anyatra kama hI prApta hotI hai / yaunavRtti kI vyApakatA aura vibhinna yauna varjanAoM ke vyApaka rUpa udghATita kiye gaye haiM / isa kathA ke Arambha meM pramukha pAtra samarAditya kI mAnasika sthiti kA vivaraNa aura usakI pIr3A kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / saMsAra kI asAratA aura usakI svArthaparatAoM ke bIca hone vAle dvandvoM kA sundara udghATana kiyA gayA hai / kumAra samarAditya prananta sukha-duHkhamaya jIvanadhArA kI vicitra laharI - lIlA ko dekha-dekhakara usakI prAtmA bhar3aka uThatI haiM aura mahAmRtyu kI kalpanA se usakI raga-raga meM udAsInatAmaya ghRNA vyApta ho jAtI hai / vAsanA kI putalI ghRNAmayI nArI avasAdamaya gahana gahara kI ora le jAtI pratIta hotI hai / hiMsA kA ghora tANDava use saMtapta karatA hai / ataH vaha rAjalakSmI ko tyAjya samajhatA hai, usake prati usakI tanika bhI Asakti nahIM hU~ / manohara rAjakanyAoM meM use tanika bhI prAkarSaNa nahIM pratIta hotA hai / goSThIsukha kA anubhava karane para bhI vaha "jala meM bhinna kamala haiM" kI taraha alipta rahatA hai / isa kathA ko duhare kathAnakavAlI kathA kaha sakate haiN| kumAra samarAditya apane vairAgya kI puSTi ke liye svayaM hI isa prakAra kI kathAeM sunAtA hai, jinameM saMsAra ke ekAntataH caritra nihita haiN| yahAM kathAnaka ke bhItara se usIse sambaddha dusarA kathAnaka khar3A ho 1 - sa0 pR0 6 / 621 / 2 - vahI, 9 / 926 // 3 -- na ettha anno uvAprati pesipro vaccahae -- / sa0 p0| 605 / 4 --na sevae geyAikalA - sa0 pU0 6 / 864 /

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170 jAtA hai / isameM eka vizeSa prakAra kA kauzala dikhAyI par3atA hai / avazya hI isa kauzala meM buddhi kA AdhAra apekSita hai, jisakA mahatva racanAkAra aura adhyetA donoM ke liye rahatA hai / kathAkAra aise sthaloM para pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai, vaha pUrI saMvedanazIlatA udbuddha karane meM sajaga rahatA hai| nUtana vidhAna athavA camatkAra - prema adhika jora mAratA hai aura kathAnaka duhare ho uThate haiM / kathA ke mUlabhAva aura preraNA ke anurUpa hI vastu kA saMprasAraNa kiyA gayA hai / rAgya yA dharmapradhAna rahane para bhI kathA kautUhala ko jagAtI jAtI hai / vakratA yA utAracar3hAva bhI hote calate haiM / madhya-madhya meM zrAyI huI lokakathAeM bhI ghaTanAkrama ko sameTe calatI haiM, jisase manoraMjana aura caritra-citraNa ye donoM hI kArya hote jAte haiM / kAraNa-kArya pariNAma -- zubhAzubha karma, tajjanya saMskAra, bandha, punaH udaya, pazcAt bandha, bandhAnurUpa udaya, apanI eka nizcita yojanA ke anusAra ghaTita hotA jAtA hai / pratIkoM kI sArthakatA aura unakA samucita prayoga bhI isa kathA meM huA haiM / ye pratIka mAtra alaMkaraNa kA kArya yA vyAkhyA hI nahIM karate haiM, kintu supta yA damita anubhUtiyoM ko jAgRta bhI kara dete haiM / svapna meM dikhalAyI par3ane vAlA "sUrya" nimna cAra kArya siddha karatA hai ---- (1) garbhastha bAlaka kI tejasvitA / (2) pUrNa jJAna kI prApti -- kevala jJAna utpanna honA / (3) saMsAra ke prati zraliptatA / (4) dharmopadeza kA vitaraNa / isI prakAra pariklezena prasUti, dayA, mamatA, udAratA Adi ke pratIka haiM / isa kathA kI zailI meM darzana, tarka aura kAraNa -kArya bhAva para bahuta jora diyA hai / sarala kathAnaka ko gatividhi dete hue laghuvistAra ke sAtha kathA ko rasamaya banAyA gayA hai| jahAM varNana yA zrAkhyAna aMza rahatA hai, vahAM kathA kI zailI rasamayI aura prabhAvotpAdaka bana jAtI hai / mAnasika aura zArIrika saMgharSa bhI kathA ko gatizIla banAte haiM / aisA lagatA hai ki pUrI kathA meM mAnasika tanAva vidyamAna haiN| koI pAtra yauna vikRti se pIr3ita hai to koI lobha prakRti se / mAnasika sthitiyoM meM kahIM bhI sAmaMjasya nahIM hai / hAM dhArmika upadezoM ne kathArasa ko nyUna bhI kiyA hai / dhUrttAkhyAna bhAratIya vyaMgya kAvya kA anupama ratna dhUrttAkhyAna hai| mAnava ke mAnasa meM jo vimba yA pratimAeM sannihita rahatI haiM, unhIM ke AdhAra para vaha apane ArAdhya yA upAsya devI-devatAoM ke svarUpa gar3hatA hai / ina nirdhArita svarUpoM kI abhivyaMjanA dene ke lie purANa evaM nijandharI kathAnoM kA sRjana hotA hai / haribhadra ne dhUrttAkhyAna meM purANoM aura rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata jaise mahAkAvyoM meM pAyI jAne vAlI asaMkhya kathAoM aura datta kathAoM kI aprAkRtika, zravaijJAnika aura bauddhika mAnyatAoM tathA pravRttiyoM kA kathA ke mAdhyama se nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki saMbhava aura durghaTa bAtoM kI kalpanAeM jIvana kI bhUkha nahIM miTA sakatI haiM / sAMskRtika kSudhA kI zAnti ke lie saMbhava aura tarkapUrNa vicAra hI upayogI ho sakate haiN|

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dhakhyiAna ko kathAoM meM haribhadra ne sIdhI aAkramaNAtmaka zailI nahIM apanAyI hai, balki vyaMgya aura sujhAvoM ke mAdhyama se asaMbhava aura managaDhanta bAtoM ko tyAga karane kA saMketa diyA hai| tAkika khaMDana karanA sarala hai, para vyaMgya dvArA kisI galata bAta ko tyAga karane kI bAta anyApadezika zailI meM kahanA kaThina hai| tarka ke dvArA kisI kA khaMDana kara dene para bhI tathya hRdaya meM praviSTa nahIM ho pAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI to yaha bhI pariNAma dekhA jAtA hai ki prativAdI dalavirodhI bana jAtA hai, jisase nirmANa kI apekSA dhvaMsAtmaka hI kArya hotA hai| haribhadra ne yahAM paurANika kathAnoM meM managaDhanta bAtoM ko dharAzAyI karane ke lie vyaMgya (viTI) Alocaka kA paricaya diyA hai| kRti kA kathAnaka sarala hai| yaha pAMca dhartoM kI kathA hai| pratyeka dharta asaMbhava abauddhika aura kAlpanika kathA kahatA hai, jisako dUsarA dhurta sAyo rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, viSNupurANa, zivapurANa Adi graMthoM ke samAnAntara pramANa uddhata kara siddha karatA hai| antima kathA meM kathana karane kI prakriyA kucha paribattita ho jAtI hai| eka nArI apane anubhavoM kI kathA kahatI hai aura paurANika AkhyAnoM ke samAnAntara amano jIvanI sunAtI hai| anta meM yaha kahakara cAroM dhattoM ko prAzcaryacakita kara detI hai ki yadi ve isako satya mAna leM to unheM usakI mahattA svIkAra karanI par3egI tathA gulAma bananA par3egA aura yadi asatya svIkAra kareM to sabhI ko bhojana denA pdd'egaa| isa prakAra eka nArI apanI caturAI aura pANDitya se una cAroM dhUrtoM ko mUrkha banAtI hai| dhUrtAkhyAna meM haribhadra ne nArI kI vijaya dikhalAkara madhyakAlIna gire hue nArI samAja ko uThAne kI ceSTA kI hai| nArI ko vyaktigata sampatti samajha liyA gayA thA, use buddhi aura jJAna se rahita samajhA jAtA thaa| ataH samAja hitaiSI haribhadra ne khaMDapAnA ke caritra aura bauddhika camatkAra dvArA apanI sahAnabhUti prakaTa kI hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha kiyA hai ki nArI kisI bhI bauddhika kSetra meM puruSa kI apekSA hIna nahIM hai| vaha annapUrNA bhI hai, ataH khaNDapAnA dvArA hI sabhI dharmoM ke bhojana kA prabandha kiyA gayA isa kRti meM kathAnaka kA vikAsa kathopakathanoM aura varNanoM ke bIca se hotA hai| isameM mukhya ghaTanA, usakI niSpatti kA prayatna, anta, niSkarSa, uddezya aura vaiyaktika paricaya prAdi sabhI pAkhyAnAMza upalabdha haiN| dhattoM dvArA kahI gayI asaMbhava aura kAlpanika kathAeM kramika aura eka ikAI meM baddha hai| atizayokti aura kutUhala tatva bhI madhyakAlIna kathAnoM kI pravRtti ke anukUla hai| samAnAntara rUpa meM paurANika gAthAoM se manoraMjaka aura sAhasika pAkhyAnoM ko siddha kara dene se lekhaka kA vyaMgya garbhava parilakSita hotA hai| dhUrtoM kI kathAeM, jo unhoMne apane anubhava ko kathAtmaka rUpa se vyakta kiyA hai, kathAkAra kI udabhavanA zakti ke udghATana ke sAtha, kathA prArambha karane kI paddhati kI paricAyikA haiN| haribhadra ne kalpita kathAoM ke dvArA paurANika gAthAnoM ko nissAratA aura asaMgati dikhalAyI hai| bhA tIya sAhitya meM prayukta hone vAlI aneka kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM bhI isa kRti meM vyavahata haiN| jaMgalI hAthI kA yAtrI ko * khader3anA, DAkuoM kA dhana prApti ke lie utsava para AkramaNa aura svarNa nirmANa ke lie svarNarasa ko prApti / kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki gAthAeM apanA vyApaka 1--dekheM--DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhya kI vidvattApUrNa dhUrtAkhyAna kI aMgrejI prastAvanA, pR012-13 /

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172 aura sthAyI prabhAva rakhatI haiM / prArambha kI cAra kathAeM lekhaka kI vAk vidagdhatA, kalpanA. prAcurya aura ghaTanA yojanA kI nipuNatA vyakta karatI haiM evaM khaMDapAnA kI kathA buddhi, kauzala aura sAMsArika jJAna ko sUcita karatI haiM / isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra hAsyapradhAna aura vyaMgyapUrNa zailI meM kathA likhane meM siddhahasta haiM / dhUrttAkhyAna paurANika AkhyAnoM kI vyarthatA siddha kara vizvAsa kA parimArjana karatA hai / kathAnaka prakSepaNa ke lie dhUttoM kI sahamati -- egrImenTa eka mahatvapUrNa AdhAra haiM / paraspara sahayoga ke AdhAra para dhUta ne asaMbhava aura bauddhika mAnyatAnoM aura tathyoM para vyaMgya kiyA hai / kathAkAra ne svayaM AkramaNa nahIM kiyA hai, balki pAtroM ke vArttAlApoM dvArA saMketa upasthita kiye haiM / dhUrta aura mUrkho ke muMha se purANoM kI haMsI karAnA svayaM hI eka vyaMgya haiN| jaba va svayaM ke anubhava -moDala meM paurANika zrAkhyAnoM ko DhAlane lagate haiM, to nissAra vastu nikala jAtI hai aura tathya avaziSTa raha jAtA haiM / kathAnakoM meM zrAmaNa karane kA tarIkA aura asaMbhava bAtoM kI pakar3a bar3e hI kalAtmaka DhaMga se pradarzita kI gayI hai| choTe se phalaka aura sImita vAtAvaraNa meM vyaMgyayukta aise kalAtmaka citra taiyAra karanA haribhadra jaise kuzala lekhaka kA hI kArya hai / dhUrttAkhyAna meM sRjanAtmaka prakriyA apanAyI gayI haiM / sajIva zailI meM vaiSamyapUrNa, aura paraspara sambaddha tathyoM kA nirAkaraNa samAja nirmANa kI dRSTi se hI kiyA gayA hai / kathA ke zilpavidhAna kA camatkAra tathA prabodhagamya aura ulajhanapUrNa vikRtiyoM ke nirasana kisa Alocaka ko mugdha na kareMge ? dhUrtAkhyAna meM kathA ke mAdhyama se nimna tathyoM sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| :---- (1) sRSTi - utpattivAda, (2) sRSTi-prayavAda, (3) trideva svarUpa brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ke svarUpa kI mithyA mAnyatAeM, ! ( 4 ) andhavizvAsa, ( 5 ) asvAbhAvika mAnyatAeM prati kA vIryapAna, tilottamA ko utpatti Adi, (6) jAtivAda, (7) RSiyoM ke sambandha meM asaMbhava aura asaMgata kalpanAeM, aura ( 8 ) amAnavIya tatva / sRSTi kI utpatti ke sambandha meM manusmRti, purANa Adi granthoM meM aneka mAnyatAeM upalabdha hotI haiM / prathama aura dvitIya AkhyAna meM kathA ke dvArA sRSTi utpatti ke sambandha meM pracalita mithyA aura asaMbhava kalpanAoM kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| mUladeva ke anubhava ko sunakara kaNDarIka kahane lagA ki tumhAre aura hAthI ke kamaNDalu meM samA jAne kI bAta bilakula satya aura vizvasanIya hai / zrataH purANoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki brahmA ke mukha se brAhmaNa, bhujAtroM se kSatriya, jaMghA se vaizya aura pairoM se zUdra kA janma huA hai / prataH jisa prakAra brahmA ke zarIra meM janasamudAya samA sakatA hai, usI prakAra kamaNDalu meM tuma donoM hI samA sakate ho' / 1 -- mUladeva prAkhyAna gAthA --26-30 /

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dvitIya AkhyAna meM aMDe se utpanna huI sRSTi kI asAratA dikhalAyI hai / kaNDarIka ne apane anubhava kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki utsava meM sammilita hue sabhI loga DAkumoM ke Dara se kadda meM samAviSTa ho gaye / kadda ko bakarI ne khAyA, bakarI ko ajagara ne khAyA aura ajagara ko liMka --sArasa vizeSa ne| jaba yaha sArasa baTa vRkSa para baiThA thA ki rAjA kI senA isa vRkSa ke nIce AyI aura eka mahAvatane gaja ko vaTa kI DAla samajha kara sArasa kI TAMga se bAMdha diyaa| sArasa ur3A, jisase hAthI bhI usake sAtha laTakane lagA / mahAvata ke zora macAne para zabdabhedI vANa dvArA sArasa mAra diyA gayA aura ajagara, bakarI, kadda,prAdi ko kramazaH phAr3ane se janasamUha nikala aayaa| kaNDarIka ke isa anubhava kA samarthana viSNupurANa ke AdhAra para karate hue elASAr3ha bolA--"sRSTi ke Adi ma jala hI jala thaa| isakI uttAla taraMgoM para eka aMDA cirakAla se taira rahA thaa| eka dina yaha aMDA do samAna bhAgoM meM TUTa gyaa| usakA eka ardhAMza hamArI yaha pRthvI hai| jaba aMDe ke eka ardhAMza meM sArA saMsAra samA sakatA hai to kadda meM eka choTA samUcA gAMva kyoM nahIM aTa sakatA hai ?" isa prakAra kathA ke saMketoM dvArA sRSTi-utpatti kI mAnyatAoM kA nirasana kara usakI svAbhAvikatA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| sRSTi-pralaya ke sambandha meM mahAbhArata ke araNyaparva evaM anya paurANika granthoM meM carcA AtI hai ki pralayakAla meM sArI sRSTi brahmA ke udara meM samAviSTa ho jAtI hai| pralaya ke anantara jaba punaH sRSTi kI utpatti hone lagatI hai to sArI sRSTi brahmA ke udara se nikala pAtI hai| ataH jisa prakAra brahmA ke udara meM jar3a-cetanAtmaka sArA saMsAra samAviSTa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra vaha grAma bhI jana-samudAya evaM pazuvarga sahita cimar3e kadda meM samAviSTa ho sakatA hai aura usameM se kucha kAla bAda nikala bhI sakatA hai| haribhadra ne yahAM para bhI anyApadezika zailI dvArA sRSTi kI khaMDa pralaya kA naisargika saMketa diyA hai| yaha sRSTi anAdi ananta hai| isakA pUrNa saMhAra kabhI nahIM hotA hai| brahmA, viSNu aura mahezvara ko svarUpa mAnyatA ke sambandha meM aneka mithyA dhAraNAeM pracalita haiM, jinakA baddhi se koI sambandha nahIM hai| prathama prAkhyAna meM batAyA gayA hai ki brahmA ne eka hajAra divya varSa taka tapa kiyaa| devatAoM ne inakI tapasyA meM vighna utpanna karane ke lie tilottamA nAma kI apsarA ko bhejaa| tilottamA na unake dakSiNa pArzva kI ora nAcanA zurU kiyaa| rAga se usakA nRtya dekhane aura usakA eka dizA se dUsarI dizA meM ghUma jAne ke kAraNa brahmA ne cAroM dizA meM mukha vikasita ye| jaba tilottamA Urdhva dizA meM natya karane lagI, to brahmA ne pAMcavAM makha mastaka meM vikasita kiyaa| brahmA ko isa prakAra kAma vicalita dekhakara rUdra ne unakA pAMcavAM mukha ukhAr3a pheNkaa| brahmA bar3e krodhita hue aura unake mastiSka se pasIne kI bUMdeM girane lagoM, unase zvetakuMDalI nAmaka puruSa utpanna huA aura usane brahmA ko prAjJA se zaMkara kA pIchA kiyaa| rakSA pAne ke lie zaMkara badrikAzrama meM tapasyA meM nirata viSNu ke pAsa phuNce| viSNu ne apane lalATa kI rudhira zirA khola dii| usase "raktakuMDalI' nAmaka puruSa nikalA, jo zaMkara kI prAjJA se zvetakuMDalI se yuddha karane lgaa| donoM ko yuddha karate hue eka hajAra divya varSa vyatIta ho gaye, para koI kisI ko harA na skaa| taba devoM ne unakA yuddha yaha kahakara banda karAyA ki jaba mahAbhArata-yuddha hogA, taba usameM lar3ane ko tumheM bheja diyA jaaygaa| 1--kaNDarIka AkhyAna gAthA--26-30 / 2--40 dvi0 prA0 gA0 31-36 / 3--vahI, 56-81 //

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174 zaMkara kI jaTAoM meM gaMgA ko dhAraNa karanA, pArvatI ke sAtha nitya bihAra karanA, viSNu kA sRSTi ko mukha ke bhItara rakha lenA, tIna kadamoM meM sAre vizva ko mApanA, viSNu dvArA pRthvI kA uThAnA, brahmA kI utpatti viSNu kI nAbhi se mAnanA aura kamala nAla kA unakI nAbhi meM aTakA raha jAnA zrAdi zrasaMbhava aura bauddhika dhAraNAoM kA kathA saMketoM dvArA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| yahAM vyaMgya prahAra dhvaMsAtmaka na hokara nirmANAtmaka haiM / andhavizvAsoM kA nirAkaraNa bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai / tathya andha vizvAsa ke dyotaka haiM: ( 1 ) tapasyA bhraSTa karane ke lie apsarA kI niyukti' / (2) hAthiyoM ke mada se nadI kA pravAhita honA' / ( 3 ) zragastya kA sAgarapAna' / (4) aNDe se biccha, manuSya aura garur3a kI utpatti / ( 5 ) pavana se hanumAna kI utpatti | (6) vibhinna aMgoM ke saMyoga se kArtikeya kA janma | purANoM meM agni kA vIryapAna, ziva kA nasargika DhaMga se vIryapatana, devatAoM ke tilatila aMza ke ekIkaraNa se tilottamA kI utpatti, kumbhakarNa kA chaH mahIne taka zayana, sUrya kA kuntI ke sAtha saMbhoga, kAna se karNa kI utpatti prabhRti bAteM grAyI haiN| dhUrtAkhyAna meM ukta sabhI prakAra kI bAtoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / RSiyoM ke janma aura unake kAryoM ke sambandha meM asaMbhava aura asaMgata kalpanAoM kI kamI nahIM haiM / gautama, vaziSTa, parAzara, jamadagni, kazyapa aura agastya zrAdi RSiyoM sambandha meM AyI huI anargala bAtoM kA khaMDana bhI kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra haribhadra ne vyaMgya kAvya dvArA svastha samAja kA nirmANa kiyA hai / isa kathAkRti meM nimna yaha satya hai ki sabhI sampradAya ke purANoM meM kucha-na-kucha adbhuta aura zrAzcaryacakita karane vAlI bAteM pAyI jAtI haiN| manuSya kA yaha svabhAva hai ki use apane sampradAya kI bAteM to acchI lagatI haiM aura dUsare sampradAya kI bAteM use khaTakatI haiM / zrataH haribhadra ne bhI apane ukta svabhAva ke kAraNa hI vaidika purANoM ko prasaMgata mAnyatAtroM kA vyaMgya dvArA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / zrataeva inakA vaiziSTya vyaMgyazailI ke kAvya racayitA kI dRSTi se hI haiM, paurANika mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa karane kI dRSTi se nahIM / satyazodhaka ko sva-para kA bheda-bhAva chor3akara sAhitya nirmANa kA kArya karanA upAdeya hotA hai / 1- dhU0 pra0 prA0 gA0 58-81 / 2--dhU0 tR0 zrA0 gA0 31-33 / 3 - - dhU0 ca0 gA0 27--45 / 4 -- vahI, 36--45 / 5- dhU0 ta0 A0 gA0, 70-82 /

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175 laghu kathAeM samarAiccakahA aura dhUrtAkhyAna ina do bRhat kathAgraMthoM ke atirikta haribhadra kI lagabhaga eka sau bIsa laghu prAkRta kathAeM dazavakAlika TIkA meM aura upadezapada meM upalabdha hai| yadyapi ina kathAoM kA prayoga vyAkhyA ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie kiyA gayA hai para inakA svataMtra astitva bhI hai| manuSya kA jIvana kAryoM se prArambha hotA hai, vicAroM se nhiiN| kAryoM ke mala meM AvazyakatA aura sukha-duHkha (plejara eNDa pena) ko anubhUtiyAM pradhAna rUpa se rahatI hai| ataH eka samaya meM eka hI sAtha sArvabhaumika, sanAtana aura sAmudAyika vAsanA kI abhivyakti ne kathA kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki manuSya kA pratyeka kArya kathA hai| manuSya ne Adima kAla meM jaba apanA pahalA sapanA pahale-pahala sunAyA hogA, to vaha pahalI kahAnI rahI hogii| vyakti ke mAnasa meM nAnA prakAra ke bimba-imeja rahate haiN| inameM kucha vyaMgya ke prAtmagata bimba hai jo ghaTanAoM dvArA bAhara vyakta hote haiN| prema, krodha, ghRNA prAdi ke nizcita bimba hamAre mAnasa meM vidyamAna hai| hama inheM bhASA ke rUpa meM jaba bAhara prakaTa karate haiM, to ye bimba laghu kathA banakara prakaTa hote haiN| kalAkAra ukta prakriyA dvArA hI laghu kathAoM kA nirmANa karatA hai| isake lie use kalpanA, satarkatA aura vAstavika nirIkSaNa, abhiprAya grahaNa evaM maulika sRjanAtmaka zakti ko AvazyakatA hotI hai| haribhadra ne apanI laghu kathAoM meM ukta upAdAnoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| hama unakI prAkRta kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa upasthita kreNge| hamAre isa vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra mAnava jIvana kA vaha dharAtala hai jisa para usakA kathA-sAhitya nirmita hai| ataH jIvana aura jagata se ghaTanAeM aura paristhitiyAM cunakara hI haribhadra ne kathA kA tAjamahala khar3A kiyA hai: (1) kArya aura ghaTanA pradhAna / (2) caritra pradhAna / (3) bhAvanA aura vRtti pradhAna / (4) vyaMgya pradhAna / (5) buddhi camatkAra pradhAna / (6) pratIka pradhAna / (7) manoraMjana pradhAna / (8) nIti yA upadeza pradhAna-dRSTAnta kathAeM / (9) prabhAva prdhaan| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AyI huI jina kathAnoM meM ghaTanA aura kAryoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, ve kArya aura ghaTanA pradhAna kathAeM hai| ghaTanA aura kAryoM ko mahatvapUrNa upasthiti ke sAtha adbhuta yojanA-sauSThava bhI rahatA hai| pAtroM ke kAryo ko bhI mahattA dI jAtI hai| para isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki unameM caritra, upadeza yA kathA ke anya tatva hai hI nhiiN| haribhadra kI kArya aura ghaTanA pradhAna nimnAMkita prAkRta laghu kathAeM (1) ucita upAya (da0 hA0 gA0 66, pR0 89) / (2) ekastambha kA prAsAda (da0hAgA0 62, pR0 81) /

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206 104) / (3) dRr3ha saMkalpa (da0 hA0 gA0 81, pR0 ( 4 ) subandhu droha (da0 hA0 gA0 177, pR0 182 ) / (5) tIna koTi svarNa mudrAeM (da0 hA0 gA0 177, pR0 185) / (6) cAra mitra (da0 hA0 gA0 188-- 161, pU0 214 ) / (7) indradatta ( upa0 gA0 12, pR0 28 ) / (8) dhUrtarAja ( upa0 gA0 86 ) / ( 6 ) zatratA ( upa0 gA0 117, pR0 86) / (10) nanda kI ulajhana ( upa0gA0 136, pR0 106 ) / "ucita upAya" laghu kathA meM par3osI rAjakula ke gandharvo ke upadrava ko zAnta karane ke lie eka vaNik ne apane yahAM eka vyantara kA mandira sthApita kiyA / jisa samaya gandharva loga gAne kA abhyAsa karate, usa samaya usa mandira meM bar3e jora-jora se Dhola, bAMsurI, jhAMjha Adi vAdyoM ko bajAyA jAtA, jisase unake gAne meM vighna utpanna hotA / nitya prati hone vAle apane isa vighna kI zikAyata rAjA ke yahAM kI gii| rAjA ne donoM ora kI bAteM sunakara vaNik ke pakSa meM apanA nirNaya diyA / ataH vaNik kA ucita upAya kAryakArI siddha huA / kathA meM pradhAnapAtra vaNik ke kAryoM kI zrAdyanta vya. pti hai, ataH kArya aura ghaTanA kA prAdhAnya rahane se hI yaha kathA camatkAra utpanna karatI haiM / " eka stambha kA prAsAda" zIrSaka kathA meM samasta ghaTanA aura kAryoM ke vikAsa kA AdhAra yaha eka stambha kA prAsAda hI hai / zreNika ke pradeza se abhayakumAra ne eka stambha para AdhArita eka rAjabhavana banavAyA, jisake samakSa sadA phala dene vAle vRkSoM kA udyAna thA / isa udyAna meM se eka mAtaMga apanI strI ke dohada ko pUrNa karane ke lie apanI caturAI aura vidyAbala se grAma tor3a kara le jAtA thA / vATikA ke rakSaka usa cora kA patA lagAne meM asamartha the, ataH prabhayakumAra ko yaha kArya sauMpA gayA / zrabhayakumAra na e eka sArvajanika sabhA kara yukti dvArA cora ko pakar3a liyA aura rAjA ko supurda kiyaa| isa prakAra kathA meM ghaTanA hI jijJAsA aura kutUhala kA AdhAra haiM / isameM devI ghaTanAoM, saMyogoM aura pratiprAkRta prasaMgoM kA sahArA bhI liyA gayA hai / yakSa ne prAsAda banAyA, aura usI ne isa prakAra ke pradbhuta upavana ko banAyA / mAtaMga bhI mantra vidyA kA jAnakAra hai aura zreNika usase mantra vidyA sIkhatA hai, Adi bAteM zratiprAkRtika hI haiM / "subandhu droha" meM nanda ke amAtya subandhu kI cANakya ke sAtha zatrutA hai, vaha apane rahasyamaya aura vilakSaNa kAryoM ke dvArA use parAsta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai / "tIna koTi svarNa mudrAeM" meM ghaTanA kA camatkAra hai / eka lakar3IhArA dIkSita ho jAtA hai, loga use " lakar3IhArA sAdhu" kahakara cir3hAte haiM / zrabhayakumAra usake tyAga kA mahatva dikhalAne ke lie tIna karor3a svarNa mudrAoM kA Dhera lagA detA hai aura ghoSaNA karatA hai ki jo zragni, jala aura nArI ina tInoM kA tyAga kare, vahI ina mudrAoM ko le sakatA hai / nAgarikoM ne socA- jaba ukta tInoM vastueM hI nahIM to phira ina svarNa mudrAoM kA kauna-sA upayoga hai? ataH sabhI cupa rhe| isa prakAra prabhayakumAra ne ukta ghaTanA dvArA tyAga kA mahatva logoM ke samakSa prakaTa kiyaa| "cAra mitra" meM una cAra mitroM kI kathA hai, jo apanI-apanI kArya kuzalatA dvArA jIvana meM saphalatA prApta karate haiM / inakI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA kauzala nATakIya zailI meM abhivyaMjita huA hai /

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177 " indradatta" kathA meM rAjA indradatta ke prema vyApAra aura usake putra surendradatta ke rAdhAvedha kI manoraMjaka ghaTanA varNita hai / kathA meM zrAdyanta ghaTanA kA ghanatva hI camatkAra kA kAraNa hai / " dhUtaMrAja" meM eka dhUrta dvArA apanI caturAI aura dhUrtatA se eka brAhmaNa kI strI ko har3apa lene kI ghaTanA varNita hai / "zatrutA " meM vararuci aura zakaTAla ina donoM buddhijIviyoM kI zatrutA kA aMkana hai / vararuci ne apanI cAlAkI dvArA zakaTAla ko maravA diyaa| zakaTAla ke putra kSepaka ne vararuci se badalA cukAyA / kathA meM zrAdyanta dAva-peMca kA vyApAra nihita hai / " nanda kI ulajhana " kathA kA zrArambha vilAsa se aura anta tyAga se hotA hai | prAnta kArya-vyApAroM kA tanAva hai / nanda sAdhu ho jAne para bhI apanI patnI sundarI kA hI dhyAna kiyA karatA hai / romAnsa usake jIvana meM ghulA milA hai / nanda kA bhAI apane kaI camatkArapUrNa kAryoM ke dvArA nanda ko sundarI se virakta karatA hai / haribhadra kI kArya aura ghaTanA pradhAna kathAoM meM ghaTanAoM ke camatkAra ke sAtha pAtroM ke kAryoM kI vizeSatA, AkarSaNa aura tanAva Adi bhI haiM / yoM to ye kathAeM kathArasa ke uddezya se nahIM likhI gayI haiM / lekhaka TIkA ke viSaya kA udAharaNa dvArA spaSTIkaraNa karanA cAhatA hai athavA upadeza ko hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie koI udAharaNa upasthita karatA hai, to bhI kathAtatva kA samIcIna sanniveza hai| hAM, itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina laghu dRSTAnta kathAnoM meM vaha zailI aura ghaTanAtantra nahIM haiM, jisakI AvazyakatA vizuddha kathA sAhitya ko rahatI hai / caritra pradhAna kathAoM meM ghaTanA, paristhiti, vAtAvaraNa Adi ke rahane para bhI caritra ko mahatva diyA gayA hai / ina kathAoM meM caritra kA udghATana pAtroM ko paristhitiyoM meM DAla kara kiyA hai / caritra pradhAna nimna kathAeM haiM: K (1) zIla parIkSA (da0hA0gA0 73, pR0 92 ) / 20, pR0 34) / 30 - 34, pR0 40 ) / 114, pR0 84) / ( 2 ) sahAnubhUti (da0 hA0 gA0 87, pR0 114) / (3) viSayAsakti (da0hA0 gA0 175, pR0 177 ) / (4) kAntA upadeza (da0 hA0 gA0 177, pR0 188 ) / (5) mUladeva ( upa0 gA0 11, pR0 23) / (6) vinaya ( upa0 gA0 (7) zIlavatI ( upa0 gA0 ( 8 ) rAmakathA ( upa0 gA0 (1) vajrasvAmI ( upa0 gA0 (10) gautamasvAmI ( upa0 gA0 142, pR0 (11) Arya mahAgiri ( upa0 gA0 203 - 211, pU0 156 ) / ( 12 ) Arya suhasti ( upa0 gA0 203 - 211, pR0 158 ) / (13) vicitra karmodaya ( upa0 gA0 203 - 211, pR0 160 ) / (14) bhIma kumAra ( upa0 gA0 245 - 250, pR0 175) / (15) rudra ( upa0 gA0 365 -- 402, pR0 227) / 142, pR0 12-22 eDu0 115 ) / 127) /

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178 (16) zrAvaka putra (upa0 gA0 506-510, pR0 253) / (17) sudarzana seTha ( upa0 gA0 526-530, pR0 256) / (18) Arogya dvija (upa0 gA0 536-540, pR0 266) / (16) devadatta (upa0 gA0 143, pR0 126) / (20) pAkhaMDI (upa0 gA0 258, pR0 176) / (21) nandadvija (upa0 gA0 531-535, pR0 264) / (22) somAhara (upa0 gA0 550-567, pR0 272) / (23) kurucandra (upa0 gA0 952-666, pR0 363) / (24) ratnazikha (upa0 gA0 1031, pR0 421) / (25) zaMkha nRpati (upa0 gA0 736-762, pR0 341) / (26) somila (upa0 gA0 640, pR0 267) / (27) zarIra kI dRr3hatA (upa0, pR0 31) / (28) vacana kI dRr3hatA (upa0, pR0 306) / (26) rati sundarI (upa0 gA0 667, pR0 321) / (30) buddhi sundarI (upa0 gA0 703, pR0 325) / (31) guNa sundarI (upa0 gA0 713, pR0 331) / (32) Rddhi sundarI (upa0 gA0 708, pR0 328) / (33) vasudeva (upa0 gA0 608-663, pR0 265) / (34) nandiSaNa (upa0 gA0 636, pR0 262) / (35) napapatnI (upa0 gA0 861-868, pR0 380) / uparyukta samasta kathAoM kA vicAra karanA to saMbhava nahIM hai, para katipaya kathAoM ke vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para isa koTi kI laghu kathAoM kA saundarya batalAne kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| "zIla-parIkSA" meM subhadrA ke caritra kA udAtta rUpa pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isa kathA ke laghu kalevara meM kathAkAra ne aisI mArmika paristhitiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jinase usake caritra ke sabhI ujjvala pahalU prakaTa ho gaye haiN| subhadrA kA vivAha eka bauddha dharmAvalambI parivAra meM ho jAtA hai| pati jaina dharma kA zraddhAnI hai, para sAsa-nanada prAdi bauddhadharma kA pAlana karatI haiN| subhadrA jaina sAdhuoM kI bhakti karatI hai, unheM dAna prAdi detI hai, jisase sAsa-nanada usase dvaSa karane lagatI hai| eka dina eka jaina sAdha prAhAra ke lie usake yahAM pAte haiN| unakI prAMkha meM kahIM se dhala gira jAtI hai. jisase sAdhu ko apAra vedanA hotI hai| subhadrA apanI jiha vA se una sAdhu kI prAMkha kI dhUla ko nikAlatI hai, jisase usake mastaka meM lage sindUra kA tilaka usa sAdhu ke mAthe meM laga jAtA hai / jaba sAsa-nanada sAdhu ko prAhAra grahaNa kara ghara se bAhara jAte dekhatI hai, to sAdhu ke mastaka meM sindUra kA tilaka lagA dekhakara subhadrA ke caritra para lAMchana lagAtI hai| ghara meM vaha durAcAriNI ghoSita ho jAtI hai, usakA pati bhI usakI sahAyatA nahIM kara pAtA hai| vaha isa apamAnita jIvana se mRtyu ko uttama samajhatI hai| use apane apamAna kI utanI cintA nahIM hai, jitanI usa sAdhu aura dharma kI nindA kI cintA hai| usake mAnasa meM apAra dvandva hai| vicAra dhArAoM kI lahareM utpanna

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179 hotI hai aura vilIna ho jAtI haiN| vaha apane ko asahAya samajha kara dharma kI zara meM jAtI hai aura rAtri meM kAyotsarga grahaNa kara vaha pratijJA karatI hai, ki jabataka yaha upasarga dUra nahIM hogA aura dharma nindA haTegI nahIM, tabataka vaha nirAhAra rahakara prAtmasAdhanA karatI rhegii| kucha dinoM taka apanI pratijJA meM dRr3ha rahane para satI kI vijaya hotI hai| usake zIla se prabhAvita hokara nagara rakSaka deva upasthita hotA hai aura kahatA hai--"bahana ! citA mata karo, tumhArI jaisI satiyoM ke zIla se hI isa saMsAra kA paricAlana ho rahA hai| maiM abhI nagara ke sabhI daravAjoM ko banda kara detA hUM aura nagarAdhipati ko sUcanA detA hUM ki ye nagara ke phATaka tabhI khuleMge, jaba koI pativratA calanI meM jala lekara cale aura usa jala kI eka bUnda bhI usake satItva ke prabhAva se na gire tathA vaha yahAM prAkara usa calanI ke jala se isa nagara ke phATaka kA siMcana kre| anyathA sabhI nagara nivAsI yahIM ghirakara khAdya-sAmagrI tathA anya suvidhAoM ke abhAva meM mara jaayeNge|" prAtaHkAla nagarAdhipati ne . nagara kI samasta pativratAoM ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| sabhI calanI meM jala lekara calIM, para vaha jala eka-do kadama calane ke bAda hI gira gyaa| subhadrA ke satItva ke prabhAva se calanI kA jala nahIM girA aura usake dvArA jala chIMTane para nagara ke dvAra khula gye| nagara kI samasta trasta janatA ne subhadrA kA jayaghoSa kiyaa| caritra kA udAtta aura pariSkRta rUpa kathAkAra ne upasthita kara samasta kathAvastu ko gatizIlatA pradAna kI hai| __ "sahAnubhUti" zIrSaka kathA meM eka duzcaritrA ke caritra ko sahAnubhUti pUrNa vyavahAra ke dvArA ujjvala banAne kA saMketa upasthita kiyA gayA hai| eka vaNik kI bhAryA kisI anya vyakti ke prema meM Asakta thii| pati ke ghara meM rahane se usakA yaha prema vyApAra abAdhita rUpa se nahIM cala pAtA thA, ataH usane apanI cAlAkI se pati ko gAr3I meM UMTa kA leMDA bharakara ujjayinI bheja diyA aura svayaM nirdvandva hokara Ananda karane lgii| ujjayinI pahuMcane para usa vaNik kI mulAkAta mUladeva nAmaka vyakti se huii| mUladeva ne apane buddhicAturya se gAr3I ke samasta leDAoM ko bikavA diyA aura usase kahA ki tumhArI strI durAcAriNI hai, ataH tuma use kumArga se haTAkara sumArga para lgaao| yadi tumheM merI bAtoM kA vizvAsa na ho to calakara usakI parIkSA kara lo| vaha vaNik mUladeva ke sAtha chipe veza meM ghara AyA to usane apanI strI ko kahate pAyA--"merA pati paradeza meM rahakara saikar3oM varSa taka jIvita rahe, para ghara kabhI ma lautte| mere jIvana kI raMgareliyAM isI prakAra calatI rheN|" mUladeva ke sAtha vaNika ghara se calA gayA aura prAtaHkAla punaH ghara meM aayaa| usakI strI ne pati ke lauTa Ane se kRtrima prasannatA dikhlaayii| pati ne usakI duSpravRttiyoM ko rokane ke lie sahAnubhUtipUrNa vyavahAra karanA Arambha kiyaa| kucha kAla ke pazcAt vaha nArI sumArga para lauTa aayii| isa kathA meM ati prAkRtika aura amAnavIya tatvoM kI yojanA bhI hai, para vaha kathArasa meM bAdhaka nahIM hai| prema aura sAhasa kI bhAvanAyeM hI isameM nahIM hai, balki arthazAstra ke siddhAMta tathA tatkAlIna samAja kI kucha samasyAyeM bhI citrita haiN| "viSayAsakti" meM lekhaka ne jIvana ke mArmika pakSa para prakAza DAlA hai| mAnava kA antas viSayacchA ke nigraha ke abhAva meM uttarottara sukha sAmagrI cAhatA rahatA hai| kSullaka dIkSA dhAraNa karane vAlA putra apane jIvana meM nirantara sukha-suvidhAeM cAhatA thaa| barIya sAdhu, usakA pitA hI thA, ataH putra ko sukhI banAne ke lie vaha saMgha se sabhI

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180 prakAra kI suvidhAeM pradAna karatA thaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki zanaiH zanaiH jUtA, vistara, chatra, bhojana, svAdiSTa madhura bhojana, ekAdhika bAra bhojana Adi kI suvidhA use dI gyii| itane para bhI jaba use saMtoSa na huA to usane avirata rUpa meM rahane kI svIkRti maaNgii| vRddha ne use saMgha se nikAla diyA aura vaha svacchanda bihArI bana gayA / phalataH use marakara bhaiMse kA janma grahaNa karanA pdd'aa| vRddha pitA jo ki varIya sAdhu thA, tapa ke prabhAva se deva huA aura usane Akara usa bhaiMse ko eka gAr3I meM jotA / niraMtara gAr3I khIMcane se bhaiMse ko kaSTa huA, vaha thaka kara eka sthAna para khar3A ho gyaa| deva no use sambodhita karate hue kahA -- "bhikSATana, bhUmizayana, kezaluMcana, indriya nigraha Adi" kaThina kArya haiM / aba bhogo viSayAsakti kA phala / isa vAkya ko sunate hI bhaiMse ko jAti-smaraNa ho gayA aura usane pratyAkhyAna Arambha kiyA / kathA ke laghu kalevara meM caritra kA vikAsa sundara DhaMga se huA hU~ / yuvaka apane jIvana meM aneka dainika samasyAoM ko sameTe hue haiN| ghaTanAeM caritra vikAsa meM yoga detI haiN| devatA kA bhUtala para AnA, punarjanma meM bhaiMse kA ho jAnA aura devoM dvArA bhaiMse kA udbodhana karanA Adi alaukika bAteM bhI nihita haiM, jinapara Aja kA pAThaka vizvAsa nahIM kara sakatA hai / gautamasvAmI, vajrasvAmI, Arya mahAgiri, suhasti, bhImakumAra, nandiSeNa, vasudeva, somahara, ratnazikha, kurucandra evaM zaMkhanRpati Adi kathAoM meM caritroM kA indradhanuSI rUpa upalabdha hotA hai / ye sabhI caritra durAcAra, pApa aura anyAya se haTAkara sadAcAra meM pravRtta karate haiM / nArI caritroM meM ratisundarI, buddhisundarI, guNasundarI, RddhisundarI, nRpapatnI evaM devadattA Adi ke caritra bahuta hI sundara AdarzavAda upasthita karate haiM / ina caritra pradhAna kathAoM meM katipaya nyUnatAeM bhI varttamAna haiM ( 1 ) upadezapada kI kathAoM meM caritra kA samyak vikAsa aura vistAra nahIM huA hai / '---- (2) adhikAMza kathAoM meM vyaktivAcaka nAmoM aura ghaTanAoM ke ullekhamAtra haiM, ataH inheM kathAoM ke upakaraNa to kaha sakate haiM, para sugaThita kathA nahIM / (3) caritroM meM uccAvacatA nahIM hai / (4) pAtroM ke mAnasika tanAva aura ghAta-pratighAtoM kA bhI prAyaH abhAva hai / (5) ghaTanAoM meM camatkAra kI kamI hai / (6) parivezamaMDaloM kA abhAva hai / (7) kathopakathanoM meM na sarasatA hai aura na prabhAva ho / . (8) dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM loka-kathAoM ko dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM upasthita kara manoraMjana ke paryApta tatva upasthita kiye gaye haiM, kintu kathArasa kA sRjana nahIM ho pAyA hai / (9) laghu kathAoM kI laghutA kahIM itanI adhika hai, jisase kathAtatsva kA vighaTana ho gayA hai / www.jaipelibrary.org

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181 (10) yathArthavAdI caritroM kA prAyaH abhAva hai / (11) cAritrika dvandvoM kI nyUnatA hai / bhAvanA aura vRtti pradhAna -- isa koTi kI kathAoM meM pradhAna rUpa se krodha, mAna Adi meM se kisI eka pramukha vRtti yA hRdaya kI zubha-azubha bhAvanA kA citraNa rahatA hai / caritra, upadeza, ghaTanA, kArya vyApAra Adi sabhI kathA ke upakaraNa honAdhika rUpa meM inameM vidyamAna haiM / isa zreNI kI nimnalikhita kathAeM haiM : ( 1 ) sAdhu (da0hA0gA0 56, pR0 57 ) / (2) caNDakauzika ( upa0gA0 147, pR0 130 ) / ( 3 ) zrAvakaputra ( upa0gA0 148, pR0 132) / (4) pAkhaMDI ( upa0gA0 258, pR0 179) / ( 5 ) meghakumAra ( upa0gA0 264 - 272, pR0 182 ) / (6) gAlava ( upa0gA0 378 -- 382, pR 222 ) / (7) tote kI pUjA ( upa0 pR0, 398 ) / (8) narasundara ( upa0gA0 988--994, pR0 402 ) / ( 9 ) vRddhA nArI ( upa0gA0 1020 - - 1030, pR0 419 ) / "sAdhu" zIrSaka kathA meM krodha aura mAyA ina do vRttiyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / eka sAdhu ne bhikSAcaryA ke lie calate samaya mArga meM eka mer3hakI ko mAra diyaa| ziSya na nivedana kiyA--"prabho, Apake dvArA yaha mer3hakI mara gayI hai, ataH isakA prAyazcitta karanA cAhie / " sAdhu na e kahA--"are, vaha to pahale se hI marI par3I thI, maiMne use thor3e hI mArA hai / " sandhyA samaya usa sAdhu ne mer3hakI kA prAyazcita bhI nahIM kiyA / ziSya ne jaba prAyazcittaM kI yAda dilAyI to vaha bahuta kruddha huA aura thUkadAna uThAkara mArane daudd'aa| ziSya to apane sthAna se uThakara bhAga gayA para khambhe se TakarA jAne ke kAraNa usa sAdhu kA mastaka phaTa gayA aura usakI mRtyu ho gayI / krodhAveza se mRtyu hone ke kAraNa vaha viSadhara sarpa huaa| isa kathA meM vRtti citraNa ke aura bhI kaI sthala Aye haiM / IrSyA, ghRNA, krodha aura mAyAcAra ke kAraNa logoM ke pariNAmoM meM kisa prakAra kA saMgharSa hotA hai aura ve eka-dUsare ko kisa prakAra nIcA dikhalAte haiN| manuSya zarIra se kAma karane kI apekSA mana se adhika kAma karatA hai, zarIra to kabhI vizrAma bhI grahaNa kara letA hai, para mana nirantara kAryarata rahatA hai / kuzala kalAkAra mana kI inhIM vibhinna vRttiyoM aura pariNatiyoM kA apanI kalA meM vizleSaNa karatA hai / " caNDakauzika" prasiddha kathA hai / isameM bhI krodhavRtti ke duSpariNAma kA vivecana kiyA gayA / kathAkAra ne batAyA hai ki kauzika RSi kodhAdhikya ke kAraNa sarpa yoni ko prApta hue / isa viSaile sAMpa ne usa hare-bhare Azrama ko hI ujAr3a diyaa| yAtriyoM kA AnAjAnA banda ho gyaa| eka dina eka yogI usa rAste se calA / gvAloM ne use rokane kI pUrI ceSTA kI, para vaha na mAnA / manuSya kI gaMdha pAte hI caNDakauzika phuphakAratA huA niklaa| usane unake paira meM jora se kATA, para yogI avicalita the / unakI AMkhoM se sna eha mizrita teja kI kiraNeM nikala rahI thiiN| sarparAja ne dubArA aura tibArA bhI unheM DaMsA, para yogI ko jyoM-kA-tyoM avicalita pAyA / yogI ne muskarAkara kahA-" caNDakauzika ! aba to saceta ho jAo / " yogI ke isa amRta vAkya ne caNDakauzika ko sambuddha kara diyaa| vaha unake caraNoM meM gira pdd'aa| usakA krodha kSamA ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gyaa| jisa krodha ne usakI yaha durgati karavA dI thI, vaha krodha zAMta ho gayA /

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182 jisa yogI ne krodhI sarpa ko apane eka hI vAkya se zAMta banAyA thA, vaha yogI dUsarA koI nahIM, svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra hI the| "meghakumAra" kI kathA meM mAnavRtti, "gAlaba" kathA meM cauryavRtti, "tote kI pUjA" meM bhAvazuddhi, "narasundara" meM tIvabhakti evaM "vRddhA nArI" meM vizuddhabhakti kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| ghaTanA, saMvAda aura kathAnaka ko dRSTi se bhI ye kathAeM sAdhAraNa haiN| vyaMgya pradhAna ve kathAeM haiM, jinameM upadeza tattva ko sIdhe rUpa meM na kahakara saMketa yA vyaMgya ke rUpa meM kahA gayA ho| caritra, kathAnaka Adi sabhI kathAtatva isa koTi kI kathAoM meM prAyaH vidyamAna hai, para pradhAnatA vyaMgya kI rahatI hai| isa zreNI kI haribhadra kI nimna kathAeM haiM:-- (1) saMcaya (dahAgA0 55, pR0 70) / (2) hiMguziva (60hAgA0 67, pR0 87) / (3) hAya re bhAgya (dahA0, pR0 106) / (4) strI-buddhi (dahA0, pR0 193) / (5) bhakti-parIkSA (dahA0, pR0 208) / (6) kacchapa kA lakSya (upa0gA0 13, pR0 21) / (7) yuvakoM se prema (upa0gA0 113, pR0 84) / saMkhyA aura mArmikatA kI dRSTi se haribhadra kI laghu kathAoM meM buddhi camatkAra pradhAna kathAoM kA sthAna mahatvapUrNa hai| isa zreNI kI kathAoM kA zilpavidhAna nATakIya tattvoM se sampRkta rahatA hai| itivRtta, caritra Adi ke rahane para bhI pradhAnataH buddhi camatkAra hI vyakta hotA hai| isa koTi kI pramukha kathAeM nimna haiM:-- (1) azruta pUrva (dahA0, pR0 112) / (2) grAmINa gAr3IvAna (dahAgA0 88, pR0 118) / (3) itanA bar3A laDDU (dahA0, pR0 121) / (4) catura rohaka (upa0gA0 52--74, 10 48--55) / (5) pathika ke phala (upagA0 81, pR0 58) / (6) abhaya kumAra (upa0gA0 82, pR0 59) / (7) catura vaidya (upa0gA0 84, pR0 61) / (8) nArI kI gambhIratA (upa0gA0 85, pR0 61) / (9) hAthI kI taula (upa0gA0 87, pR0 62) / (10) maMtrI kI niyukti (upa0gA0 90) / (11) vyantarI (upa0gA0 93, pR0 94) / (12) maMtrI kI caturAI (upa0gA0 94, pR0 65) / (13) dramaka (upa0gA0 97, pR0 67) / (14) dhokhebAja mitra (upa0gA0 101, pR0 69) / . (15) adhyayana ke sAtha manana (upa0gA0 107, pR0 72) / (16) kalpaka kI caturAI (upa0gA0 108, pR0 73) / (17) mRgAvatI kauzala (upa0gA0 108, pR0 73) / (18) amAtya nirvAcana (upa0gA0 150-159, pR0 135) /

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"azruta pUrva" meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka nagara meM eka parivAjaka sone kA pAtra lekara bhikSATana karatA thaa| usane ghoSaNA kI ki jo koI mujhe azrutapUrva bAta sunAyegA, use meM isa svarNa pAtra ko de duuNgaa| kaI logoM ne bahuta-sI bAteM sunAyIM, para usane una saboM ko zruta--pahale sunI huI hai--kahakara lauTA diyaa| eka zrAvaka bhI vahAM upasthita thA, usane jAkara parivAjaka se kahA--"tumhAre pitA ne mere pitA se eka lAkha rupaye karja liye the| yadi merA yaha kahanA Apako zrutapUrva haiM, to me to mere pitA kA karja Apa lauTA dIjie aura azrutapUrva hai to Apa apanA svarNapAtra mujhe de diijie|" lAcAra hokara parivrAjaka ko apanA svarNapAtra denA pdd'aa| isa kathA meM zrAvaka kI buddhi kA camatkAra pradhAna rUpa se dikhalAyA hai| ___ "grAmINa gAr3IvAna" kathA meM dhUrtoM ke buddhi kauzala kI sundara abhivyaMjanA kI gayI hai| "itanA bar3A laDDU" dRSTAnta kathA bhI Thaga aura dhUrtoM kI buddhi kA paricaya prastuta karatI hai| "catura rohaka" meM rohaka kI buddhi kA camatkAra vibhinna rUpoM meM aMkita kiyA ga bhayakumAra" kathA meM abhayakumAra kI catarAI aura usake baddhi vyApAra kA bar3A sundara paricaya upasthita kiyA gayA hai| ghaTanAoM ke camatkAra aura unake utAra-car3hAva pAThaka kA mana bahalAva karane ke sAtha use socane kA bhI avasara dete haiN| ina kathAoM meM autpattikI, vainayikI, karmajA aura pAriNAmikI ina cAroM prakAra kI buddhiyoM kI vizeSatAeM prakaTa kI gayI hai| binA dekheM, binA sune aura binA jAna viSayoM ko usI kSaNa meM abAdhita rUpa se grahaNa karanA tathA tatsambandhI camatkAroM ko kathAoM dvArA dikhalAnA hI ina kathAoM kA uddezya hai| Ajakala kI jAsUsI kahAniyoM kI pUrvajA ina buddhi camatkAra pradhAna kathAoM ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa zreNI kI kathAoM meM manoraMjana ke sAtha jIvana ke gambhIra tattva bhI nihita haiN| yaha satya hai ki isa koTi kI kathAoM meM dainika jIvana kI samasyAoM para prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai| hAM, manoraMjana ke tattva itane adhika hai, jisase pAThaka utane kSaNa ke lie, jitane kSaNa kathA ke adhyayana meM vyatIta karatA hai, apane meM khoyA raha sakatA hai| buddhi vilAsa aura buddhi vikAsa ke itane vibhinna rUpa zAyada hI kisI kathA sAhitya meM hoNge| inakA pradhAna lakSya jJAna ke vibhinna bhedoM kI svarUpa pratiSThA ke sAtha kutUhalapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA sRjana karanA hai| pratIka pradhAna kathAoM meM kisI tathya kA pratIkoM dvArA lAkSaNika rUpa khar3A kiyA gayA hai| inameM sthUla pAtroM ke sAtha koI AdhArabhUta ghaTanA bhI rahatI hai, parantu inameM sthala ghaTanAoM ke dvArA kisI sUkSma tattva athavA kisI siddhAMta kA nidarzana kiyA jAtA hai| inameM prastuta artha ke sthAna meM aprastuta artha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| inameM ghaTanA yA kriyA ke sthAna para bhAvoM kA prAdhAnya dRSTigocara hotA hai| yadyapi isa zreNI kI raribhadra kI lagha kathAeM bahata thor3I hai, para jo prApta hai, ve sundara haiN| pratIkoM bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA meM inheM apUrva saphalatA prApta huI hai| saMvAda tatva isa koTi kI kathAoM meM sundara nahIM bana par3A hai| dharmatattvoM kI abhivyaMjanA kI dRSTi se isa koTi kI kathAoM kA mUlya atyadhika hai| vrata, caritra, AtmasvarUpa aura saMsArasvarUpa kI abhivyaMjanA ina kathAoM meM sundara

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184 kathAgaThana aura ghaTanAtaMtra kA zaithilya ina kathAoM meM sarvatra vidyamAna hai / bIca-bIca meM kathA pravAha meM bhI avaruddhatA hai / isa zreNI kI nimna kathAeM haiM :-- ( 1 ) vaNika kathA ( da0hA0gA0 37, pR0 37-38) / (2) ghar3e kA chidra (da0hA0gA0 177, pR0 187 ) / (3) dhanya kI putra badhueM ( upa0gA0 172 - - 179, pR0 144 ) / "afra " kathA kA kathAnaka saMkSipta rUpa meM yaha hai ki eka daridra vaNika ratnadvIpa meM phuNcaa| yahAM usane sundara aura mUlyavAn ratna prApta kiye| mArga meM coroM kA bhaya thA, ataH vaha dikhAne ke lie sAmAnya pattharoM ko hAtha meM lekara aura pAgaloM kI taraha yaha cillAtA huA ki ratnavaNik jA rahA hai, claa| calate-calate jaba vaha araNya meM pahuMcA, to use pyAsa lgii| yahAM use eka gaMdA kIcar3a mizrita jalAzaya milaa| yaha jala atyanta durgandhita aura apeya thA / pyAsa se becaina hone ke kAraNa usane AMkheM banda kara binA svAda lie hI jIvana dhAraNa nimitta jala grahaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra aneka kaSTa sahana kara ratnoM ko le AyA / isa kathAnaka meM ratna ratnatraya ke pratIka haiM, cora viSaya-vAsanA ke aura vesvAda kIcar3a mizrita jala prAsuka bhojana kA / ratnatraya - - samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyak caritra kI prApti sAvadhAnIpUrvaka viSaya-vAsanA kA tyAga karane se hotI hai| jo indriya nigrahI aura saMyamI hai tathA zarIradhAraNa ke nimitta zuddha, prAsuka bhojana ko binA rAga bhAva ke grahaNa karatA hai, aisA hI vyakti ratna ratnatraya kI rakSA kara sakatA hai / ratnadvIpa bhI manuSya bhava kA pratIka hai| jisa prakAra ratnoM kI prApti ratnadvIpa meM hotI hai, usI prakAra ratnatraya kI prApti isa manuSya bhava meM / " ghar3e kA chidra" zIrSaka meM chidra yoga kI caMcalatA yA Asrava kA pratIka hai aura chidra ko miTTI ke dvArA banda kiyA jAnA gupti athavA saMvara kaa| ghar3A sAdhaka kA pratIka hai, pAnI bharane vAlI zubha bhAvoM kI tathA kaMkar3a mArakara ghar3e meM chidra karane vAlA rAjakumAra azubha bhAvoM kA pratIka hai / isa laghu kathA meM kathAnaka kA vikAsa bhI svAbhAvika gati se huA hai| pratIkoM ke dvArA haribhadra ne mAnava jIvana ke cirantana satyoM kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai / "dhanya kI putra badhueM" kathA meM jIvana zodhana ke lie Avazyaka vratoM ko abhivyaMjanA vinodAtmaka zailI meM prakaTa kI gaI hai| isa kathA meM dhAna ke pAMca dAne pAMca vratoM ke pratIka haiM, cAra putra badhueM sAdhakoM kI pratIka haiM aura dhanya guru kA pratIka hU~ / guru apane samasta ziSyoM ko vrata detA hai, para jo apramAdI aura AtmasAdhana meM nirata hai, vaha inakI rakSA karatA hai, vratoM ko uttarottara bar3hAtA hai, kiMtu jo pramAdI haiM, vaha liye hue vratoM ko bhUla jAtA hai, saMsAra ke pralobhana use sAdhanA ke mArga meM Age bar3hane kI apekSA pIche kI ora hI Dhakela dete haiN| isa kathA ke vArtAlApa aura ghaTanAcakra manorama haiM / itivRttAtmakatA ke bhItara pratIkoM kA camatkAra dharma tatvoM kA sundara udghATana karatA hai / manoraMjana pradhAna kathAoM meM anya tattvoM ke sAtha manoraMjana kI mukhyatA rahatI haiM / yoM to sabhI prakAra kI kathAoM meM manoraMjana samAviSTa rahatA hai, para isa koTi kI kathAoM meM upadeza, dharma aura nIti ko gauNa kara manoraMjana pradhAna bana jAtA hai / isa zreNI meM haribhadra kI nimna kathAeM AtI haiM- (1) jAmAtA parIkSA ( upa0gA0 143, pR0 129 ) / ( 2 ) rAjA kA nyAya ( upa0gA0 120, pR0 91 ) /

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185 (3) zramaNopAsaka (da0hA0gA0 85, pR0 109 ) / (4) khaGga pazu ( upa0gA0 148, pR0 132 ) / (5) viSayI zuka ( upa0, pR0 398 ) / afa pradhAna kathAeM kisI upadeza yA dharmatatva kI vyAkhyA ke lie prayukta haiN| yoM to haribhadra kI samasta laghu kathAeM dRSTAnta yA upadeza kathA ke rUpa meM AyI haiM, para ina kathAoM meM nIti, yA dharma kA rahanA Avazyaka hai / isa zreNI ke antargata nimnAMkita kathAeM haiM: -- (1) sulasA (da0hA0, pR0 (2) upagUhana (da0hA0, pR0 (3) azakaTa (da0hA0, pR0 204 ) / 208 209 ) / ( 4 ) vidyA kA camatkAra (da0hA0, pR0 210-211) / (5) nirapekSa jovI (da0hA0, pR0 361-362) / (6) cANakya ( upa0gA0 7, pR0 21) / 22 ) / (7) sahasrastambha sabhA ( upa0gA0 9, pR0 (8) saMvalita ratna ( upa0gA0 10, pR0 23) / ( 9 ) saMkAza ( upa0gA0 403 -- 412, pR0 228 ) / (10) somA ( upa0gA0 550 - - 597 ) / 104 ) / (11) varadatta ( upa0gA0 605 -- 663, pR0 288 ) / (12) jhuNTana ( upa0gA0 550 - - 597 ) / (13) gobara ( upa0gA0 550-- 597, pR0 269 ) / (14) kuTumba mArI ( upa0gA0 550 - - 597, pR0 269 ) / (15) satsaMgati ( upa0gA0 608 -- 663, pR0 289 ) / (16) vasudeva ( upa0, pR0 290 ) / (17) kali ( upa0gA0 867, pR0 368 ) / (18) brAhmaNa, vaNik dRSTAnta ( upa0gA0 946- 947, pR0 392 ) / (19) kuntala devI ( upa0gA0 497, pR0 250 ) / (20) sUrateja ( upa0gA0 1013 - 1017, pR0 417 ) / "sulasA " kathA se parIkSA pradhAnI banane kI nIti para prakAza par3atA hai / yaha kathA jIvana ke andhavizvAsa dUra karane kI preraNA detI hai / "upagUhana" se paradoSa chipAnA, " azakaTa", se rAgabhAva kA tyAga, "vidyA kA camatkAra" se gurubhakti, "nirapekSa jIvI" se nirapekSa bhAva se kI gayI sevA yA anya kAryasiddhi, "cANakya" se mAnava jIvana kI durlabhatA, "sahasrastambha sabhA" aura "skhalita ratna" se samyakatva prApti ke kAraNIbhUta manuSya janma kI durlabhatA, "saMkAza", "zobhA" aura "varadatta" se vikAra tyAga kI preraNA, "jhuNTaNa", "gobara", "kuTumbanArI" aura "tilastena" se hiMsAdi pApa tyAga aura ahiMsAdi vrata prApti kA upadeza, "varadatta" aura "vasudeva" se caritraniSThA, "satsaMgati" se caritrotkarSa ke lie satsaMgati kI AvazyakatA, "kali" se dRr3ha saMkalpa aura caritra nirmalatA, "brAhamaNavaNika" dRSTAnta se saMyama, "kuntala devI" se tyAga evaM sUrateja se viveka kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / ina kathAoM meM kathAkAra svayaM hI nIti aura upadeza detA calatA hU~ |

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187 caturtha prakaraNa kathAsrota aura kathAnaka (1) kathAnaka srota haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM ke lie kathAnaka kahAM se liye hai, inake kathAnakoM ke srota sthala kauna se haiM? yaha atyanta vicAraNIya prazna hai / prAyaH pratyeka kathAkAra apane kathAnakoM ke srota tIna sthaloM se grahaNa karatA hai:-- (1) dainika jIvana / (2) itihaas| (3) sAhitya / "dainika jIvana" meM nAnA prakAra ke vyakti samparka meM Ate haiM, unake nAnA prakAra ke saMvega, bhAvanAeM aura vRttiyoM ke atirikta aneka taraha kI AkarSaka aura kautUhalavardhaka ghaTanAeM bhI ghaTita hotI hai| ataH kathAkAra dainika jIvana aura jagat meM caturdika bikhare hue kathAnakoM ko ekatra kara kathA kA nirmANa karatA hai / "itihAsa" ke vyApaka prasAra meM ananta kathAtroM ke lie upAdAna saMcita rahate haiN| jinheM atIta meM ramane kA abhyAsa hai athavA jo loga smati yA kalpanA ke bala se vigata bAtoM ko sAkAra banA sakate haiM, unake lie itihAsa meM kathA nirmANa ke lie pracura sAmagrI vartamAna rahatI hai| ___ "sAhitya" to svayaM vizAla mahAvana hai / isameM sabhI prakAra ke jIva-jantu aura vRkSoM ka samAna vibhinna svabhAva, prakRti ke pAtra, unake AcAra-vicAra, vibhinna manodazAeM, caritra kI pravRttiyAM evaM aise hRdayasparzI aura hRdaya-drAvaka prasaMga mila jAte haiM, jinake prAdhAra ko lekara kuzala kathAkAra kathA kA bhavya-bhavana nirmANa karatA hai / haribhadra ne apanI prAkRta kathAnoM ke sRjana meM apane se pUrvavartI sabhI paramparAoM se kucha-na-kucha sAmagrI grahaNa kI hai| yugaguru ke rUpa meM paryaTana-janya bhArata-vyApI anubhava prApta kara kathAoM meM vibhinna dezoM ke prAcAra-vicAra aura rIti-rivAjoM ko sthAna diyA hai| zaMkara, kumArila, dinAga aura dharmakIti ke dArzanika vicAroM kA prabhAva bhI haribhadra para kama nahIM hai / ataH yaha mAnanA par3egA ki haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM ke srota mAtra pra kRta sAhitya se hI grahaNa nahIM kiye hai, kintu saMskRta-sAhitya ke vipula aura samRddha bhaMDAra se bhI sahAyatA grahaNa kI hai| kathA-srotoM ke anveSaNa ke lie nimnAMkita paramparAoM kA avalambana karanA Avazyaka hai| ina prAdhAra-graMthoM se kathAnaka sUtroM ke alAvA aneka kalpanAeM, varNana aura prasaMga bhI grahaNa kiye gaye haiM : .... (1) pUrvavartI prAkRta sAhitya (2) mahAbhArata aura purANa / (3) jAtaka kthaaeN| (4) guNADhya kI vRhatkathA / (5) paMcataMtra / (6) prakaraNa graMtha aura zrIharSa ke nATaka / (7) baMDI, subandhu aura bANa ke kathagraMtha /

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186 prabhAva pradhAna kathAoM kA lakSya prabhAva kI sRSTi karanA hai| ina kathAoM meM ghaTanA, caritra, vAtAvaraNa aura paristhiti Adi kA koI vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai / jisa prakAra saMgIta meM gAne kA mahatva nahIM rahatA hai, mahatva usase par3ane vAle prabhAva kA hotA hai, usI prakAra isa koTi kI kathAoM meM prabhAva kA mahatva hotA hai / isa varga meM haribhadra kI nimnAMkita kathAeM AtI haiM (1) brahamadatta ( upa0gA0 6, pR0 4) / ( 2 ) puNyakRtya kI prApti (upa0gA0 75, pR0 55 ) / (3) prabhAkara citrakAra ( upa0gA0 362 -- 366, pR0 217 ) / (4) puruSArtha yA deva ( upa0gA0 353 - - 356) / (5) kAmAsakti ( upa0gA0 149, pR0 132 ) / (6) mASa tuSa ( upa0gA0 193, pR0 152) / "brahamadatta" zIrSaka kathA meM culaNI dIrgharAja se prema karatI hai, kumAra brahamadatta ke mArane kA SaDyaMtra racA jAtA hai, kiMtu varadhanu nAmaka maMtrI kumAra kI rakSA karatA hai / samartha hone para brahmadatta apane rAjya aura parivAra tathA SaTkhaMDa pRthvI ko jItakara cakravartI bana jAtA hai / eka dina eka brAhmaNa ghUmatA huA cakravartI ke yahAM AtA hai / cakravartI usase prasanna hokara vara mAMgane ko kahate haiM / brAhamaNa apanI gRhiNI se pUchakara agale dina vara mAMgane kI prArthanA karatA hai / agale dina vaha apane ghara se salAha kara AtA hai aura cakravartI se nivedana karatA hai ki mujhe Apake rAjya meM pratidina eka-eka ghara bhojana aura eka-eka dInAra dakSiNA meM dilAne kI vyavasthA kreN| cakravartI ke ghara se bhojana karAnA aura dakSiNA meM dInAra milanA Arambha ho jAtA hai| aba vaha kramazaH SaTkhaMDa ke bIca 96 karor3a gAMvoM ke pratyeka ghara meM bhojana karanA Arambha karatA hai / usa brAhamaNa ko yaha AzA lagI hai ki chahoM khaMDoM meM bhojana karane ke pazcAt cakravartI ke yahAM se divya bhojana ko prApta karUM / para Ayu parimita hone se yaha saMbhava nahIM / isI prakAra caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karane ke pazcAt manuSya bhava kA prApta karanA saMbhava nahIM / isa prakAra yaha kathA cirantana satya kI vyaMjanA karatI hai, apanA sthAyI prabhAva chor3a jAtI hai / kathA ke adhyayana ke pazcAt pAThaka kA mAnasa kucha becainI kA anubhava karatA hai / "sarvapadAnA" ( upa0 gA0 8) bhI sAMsArika anityatA aura dharmaprApti kI durlabhatA kA prabhAva chor3atI hai / " puNya kRtya kI prApti" kathA, apane svayaM kRt puNya-pApa kA phala prApta karanevAlA pratyeka vyakti hI haiM, eka ke dvArA kiye gaye sat-asat kAryoM kA phala dUsare ko nahIM mila sakatA hai, Adi prabhAva chor3atI hai / " prabhAkara citrakAra" kathA bhI cirantana satya kA prabhAva chor3atI hai| vyakti ko Avega meM Akara apane viveka ko nahIM chor3anA caahie| "mASa tuSa" kathA thor3A-sA AdhyAtmika jJAna jIvana ke lie adhika upayogI hai, andhAjJAna vyakti aura samAja kA hitasAdhana nahIM kara sakatA hai, Adi bAtoM kA amiTa prabhAva chor3atI hai / isa prakAra haribhadra kI prAkRta laghu kathAoM meM jIvana-nirmANa, manoraMjana, mAnasika kSudhA kI tRpti, jIvana aura jAgatika sambandhoM ke vizleSaNa evaM cirantana aura yuga satyoM ke udghATana kI sAmagrI pracura rUpa meM vartamAna hai / sAmAnya rUpa se ye sabhI kathAeM dRSTAnta yA upadeza kathAeM hI haiM /

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188 samarAiccakahA ke kathAnaka srota para vicAra karate samaya hamArI dRSTi "guruvayaNapaMkayAzro soUNa" (sa0 pR0 680 ) para jAtI hai / isase avagata hotA hai ki haribhadra ke pahale bhI samarAiccakahA kI kathAvastu kA jJAna thA aura yaha pahale se hI " saMggahaNI gAhA" meM aMkita thI / yaha satya hai ki samarAiccakahA ke haribhadra ne samasta zrAgamika sAhitya kA adhyayana, anuzIlana aura avagAhana kara apanI kathAoM ke lie kalpanAeM, upadezatatva evaM varNana prasaMga grahaNa kiye haiM, para pradhAnarUpa se uvAsagadasAmro, vipAkasUtra aura bhagavatIsUtra se samarAiccakahA ke lie aneka kalpanAeM aura varNana prasaMga liye gaye haiM / ina grahIta tatvoM ko samarAiccakrahA meM jyoM-ke-tyoM rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / vasudevahiNDI to kathAnaka yojanA ke liye pradhAna srota haiM / mukhya kathA ke lie upAdAna sUtra yahIM se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha satya hai ki haribhadra ne vasudevahiNDI se kathAsUtra grahaNa karane para bhI usameM apanI kalpanA kA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai aura kathA ke tAnebAnoM ko pUrA vistAra dekara navInatA pradAna kI hai / jisa prakAra maNi zrAkara se nikalane para bhaddI aura sundara mAlUma par3atI hai para vahI kharAda para car3hA dI jAtI hai to vaha suDaula aura sundara dikhAI par3ane lagatI hai / yahI tathya haribhadra ke sAtha lAgU hai, inhoMne pradhAna kathAsUtra vasudevahaMDI se grahaNa kiyA haiM, kintu use itane sundara aura kuzala DhaMga se sajAyA tathA vistRta kiyA hai, jisase inakI kathA zakti kI nipuNatA vyakta hotI hai / samarAiccakahA kI mUla kathAvastu hai ki guNasena zragnizarmA ko taMga karatA hai, jisase vaha tApasI bana jAtA hai / rAjA banane para guNasena saMyoga se usI tApasI Azrama meM pahu~catA hai aura mAsopavAsI agnizarmA ko apane yahAM pAraNA ke lie nimaMtraNa detA hai / guNasena ko zirovedanA hone se sArA rAja parivAra usakI paricaryA meM vyasta hai, ataH zragnizarmA pAraNa kiye binA hI lauTa jAtA hai / dubArA Agraha kara punaH guNasena use bulAtA haiM para zatra AkramaNa ke kAraNa senA kI taiyArI ho rahI hai, jisameM hAthI ghor3e se mArga avaruddha rahane tathA aneka prakAra kI prasta-vyastatAoM ke rahane se vaha pAraNA kiye binA hI lauTa jAtA hai / tIsarI bAra putra janmotsava sampanna karane meM rAjA ke vyasta rahane se vaha pUrvavat hI lauTa jAtA hai| aba vaha rAjA guNasena se ruSTa hokara badalA cukAne ke lie nidAna bAMdhatA hai aura nau bhavoM taka use kaSTa detA hai / guNasena kA jIva samarAditya banakara nirvANa prApta karatA hai aura nidAna doSa ke kAraNa zragnizarmA ananta saMsAra kA pAtra banatA hai / isa mUla kathA kA srota vasudevahiDI meM "kaMsassa pugvabhavo" meM AyA hai| batAyA gayA hai ki kaMsa apane pUrvabhava meM tApasI thA / isane bhI mAsopavAsa kA niyama grahaNa kiyA thA / yaha bhramaNa karatA huA mathurApurI meM zrAyA / mahArAja ugrasena ne ise apane yahAM pAraNA kA nimaMtraNa diyA / pAraNA ke dina citta vikSipta rahane ke kAraNa ugrasena ko pAraNA karAne kI smRti na rahI aura vaha tApasI rAjaprAsAda meM yoM hI ghUmakara pAraNA kiye binA lauTa gayA / ugrasena ne smRti zrAne para punaH usa tApasI ko pAraNA ke lie AmaMtraNa diyA, kintu dUsarI aura tIsarI bAra bhI vaha pAraNA karAnA bhUla gayA / saMyogavaza samasta rAjaparivAra bhI aise kAryoM meM vyasta rahatA thA, jisase pAraNA karAnA saMbhava nahIM huA / usa tApasI ne ise ugrasena kA koI Sar3ayaMtra samajhA aura usane nidAna bAMdhA ki maiM zragale bhava meM isakA vadha karU~gA / nidAna ke kAraNa vaha ugra tApasI ugrasena ke yahAM kaMsa ke rUpa meM janmA / "so kira praNaMtarabhave bAlatavastI prasi / so mAMsa mAMsa khamamANo mahuripurimAgato uTTiyAe masa-pAsa gaheUNa pArei / pagAyo jAto / uggaseNeNa yanimaMtipromajjhaM gihe bhayavatA pAreyavvaM / pAraNAkAle vakvitta-cittassa vIsariyo / so vi praNNattha bhuta / evaM bitiya taiyapAraNAsu / so paduTTho 'uggase NavahAya bhavAmi tti kayanidANo kAlagato uaaort uggaseNadhariNIe uyare / " 1 - - vasudeva hiMDI - praTThAvIsaiyo devakI laMbho - kaMsassapuvvabhavo, pU0 368 /

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186 isase spaSTa hai ki samarAiccakahA kI mUlakathA kA srota vasudevahiMDI kA uparyukta "kaMsassa punvabhavo" hI hai| isI mUla upAdAna ko lekara haribhadra ne "samarAiccakahA" jaise vizAla kathAgraMtha ko likhA hai / samarAiccakahA kI kaI avAntara kathAoM aura sandarbho ke srota bhI vasudevahiMDI meM mila jAte haiN| ___ samarAiccakahA ke dvitIya bhava meM madhubindu dRSTAnta pAyA hai| haribhadra ne isa dRSTAnta meM batAyA hai ki koI vyakti dAridrya duHkha se pIr3ita hokara nija deza chor3akara paradeza ko gayA aura vaha grAma, nagara tathA zaharoM se gujaratA huA mArga bhUlakara bhayaMkara jaMgalI pazuoM se vyApta aTavI meM phuNcaa| aTavI meM use daur3atA huA madonmatta eka vanagaja dikhalAyI par3A tathA sAmane hAtha meM tIkSNa khaDaga lie vikarAla dAMta nikAle use eka rAkSasI prAtI dikhalAyI pdd'ii| pIche se khUkhAra hAthI pAne se aura sAmane se prANasaMhAraka rAkSasI ke pAne se vaha kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho prANarakSA ke lie socane lgaa| isI samaya use pUrva dizA meM bar3A vaTavRkSa dikhalAyI pdd'aa| hAthI ko tejI se apanI ora AtA huA dekhakara vaha prANa bacAne ke lie usa vaTavRkSa ke pAsa meM sthita eka jIrNa kUpa meM kUda par3atA hai, kintu usa kUpa ke tala meM cAra viSale sarpa, muMha phailAye hue dikhalAyI par3ate hai tathA madhya meM phatkAra karatA hamA, maMha khole hAthI ke samAna kRSNa varNa kA eka vizAla ajagara dikhalAyI par3atA hai / vaha bhayabhIta ho kueM meM laTakatI huI vRkSa kI jaTAnoM ko pakar3akara kucha samaya taka jIvita rahanA cAhatA hai / para jaba vaha Upara ko muMha uThAkara dekhatA hai to use tIkSNa dAMtavAle dhavala aura kRSNa varNa ke do vizAlakAya mUSaka una jaTAoM ko kATate hue dikhalAyI par3ate haiN| jaMgalI hAthI ne pIchA kiye manuSya ko na pAyA to vaha krodhita hokara usa vRkSa ko jora-jora se hilAne lagA, jisase usa vaTavRkSa para lagA huA madhumakkhiyoM kA chattA usa jIrNa kUpa meM gira gayA aura kruddha ho madhumakkhiyAM usake zarIra meM cipaTa gyiiN| saMyoga se madhu kI kucha bUnda usake sira para girI aura ve bUnda mastaka se hotI huI usake mukha meM praviSTa hone lagIM, jinakA usane AsvAdana kiyA aura anya pAne vAlI madhu binduoM kI pratIkSA karane lgaa| vaha ajagara, sarpa, hAthI, mUSaka aura madhumakkhiyoM ke bhaya kI paravAha na kara madhubindu ke rasAsvAdana meM prAsakta ho atyadhika prasannatA kA anubhava karane lgaa| isa dRSTAMta kA upasaMhAra karate hue prAcArya ne kahA ki jo puruSa hai, vaha to jIva hai| aTavI kA bhramaNa caturgati hai, jaMgalI hAthI mRtyu hai, nizAcarI bur3hApA hai, vaTavRkSa mokSa hai, viSayAtura manuSya isa para car3hane meM asamartha rahatA hai, kUpa manuSyatva hai, sarpa kaSAya hai, jaTA prAyu hai, kRSNa aura zvetamUSaka kRSNa aura zukla pakSa haiN| madhumakkhiyAM vividha prakAra kI vyAdhiyAM hai| bhayaMkara ajagara naraka hai aura madhubindu ke samAna ye sAMsArika kSaNika sukha . yahI dRSTAnta vasudevahiMDI "visayasuhovamAe mahubindudidrutaM" nAma se prAyA hai / varNya viSaya donoM graMthoM meM samAna rUpa se hI aMkita hai| haribhadra ne mAtra varNana ko sAhityika banAyA hai tathA aTavI, kUpa Adi kA sAMgopAMga citra upasthita kiyA hai--vasudevahiMDI meM batAyA hai--"koI puriso bahudesa-paTTaNaviyArI aDavi satyeNa samaM paviTTho / corehi yatthe abbhAhato / so puriso satthaparibhaTTho mUDhadiso pari-bhamaMto dANadaddiNamuheNa vaNagaeNAbhibhUyo / teNa palAyamANeNa purANakUvo taNa-dabbhaparicchanno diho| tassa taDe mahaMto vaDapIyavo, tassa pAroho kUvamaNupaviTTho / so puriso bhayAbhibhUpro pArohamavalaMbiUNa Thio 1--saM0 pR0 2 / 134---136 /

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kUvamajjha, aloei ya ho tattha zrayagarI mahAkAo vidAriyamuho gasiukAmo taM purisamavaloei / tiriyaM puNa cauddisa sappA bhosaNA DasiukAmA ciTThati / pArohamurvAra frustraaa do mUsayA chidati / hatthI hatthe Na ke sagge parAsusati / tami ya pAyave mahApariNAhaM mahuM ThayaM / saMcAlie yA vAtavizrUyA mahuvindU tassa purissa kei muhamAvisaMti, te ya AsAei / mahuyarA ya DasiukAmA parivayaMti sameta / 10 isa dRSTAnta ko ghaTita karate hue kahA hai -- " jahA so puriso tahA saMsArI jIvo / jahA sA aDavI, tahA jamma-jarA-roga-maraNabahulA saMsArADavI / jahA vaNa hatthI, tahA maccU / jahA kuvo, tahAdevabhavo maNussabhavo ya / jahA prayagaro- tahA naraga- tirigaIzro / jahA sappA, tahA kodha-mANa- mAyA-lobhA cattAri kasAyA doggaigamaNanAyagA / jahA pAroho, tahA joviyakAlo / jahA bhUsagA, tahA kAla sukkilA pakkhA rAI diyadasaNohiM parivikhavaMti jovinaM / jahA duma tahA kammabandhaNahaU annaNaM avirati micchattaM ca / jahA mahUM, tahA sadda-pharisarasa-rUpagaMdhA, iMdiyatthA / jahA mahuyarA, tahA zrAgaMtugA sarIruggayA ya vAhI ( 211. isa tulanAtmaka vivecana se spaSTa hai ki samarAiccakahA ke madhuvidu dRSTAMta kA udgamasthala vasudevahiMDI kA ukta madhubiMdu dRSTAMta hI hai / "ganbhavAsadukkha laliyagayaNAyaM "" bhI isa dRSTAMta kI saMpuSTi meM kAraNa ho sakatA hai / haribhadra ne isa kathA bhAga se bhI avazya preraNA prApta kI hogI / dhArmika vivecana meM yaha kathAnaka sahayogI siddha huA hogA / chaThaveM bhava kI kathA ke prAraMbha meM samarAiccakahA meM AtA hai ki madanamahotsava ke avasara para dharaNa ratha para savAra hokara malaya sundara udyAna meM krIr3A karane calA / usakA ratha nagara ke dvAra para pahu~cA ki udyAna se kIr3A karake devanandI lauTa rahA thA / saMyoga se usakA ratha bhI usI samaya nagara ke dvAra para zrA gayA / aba zrAmane -sAmane donoM ko rathoM ke ho jAne se nAgarikoM ke Ane-jAne kA mArga avaruddha ho gyaa| dhana ke ahaMbhAva ke kAraNa donoM meM se eka bhI apane ratha ko Age-pIche nahIM karanA cAhatA thA / una donoM meM koI bhI eka dUsare se kama nahIM thA / jaba nagara ke mahAn vyaktiyoM ko unake isa jhagar3e kA patA calA to unhoMne ekatra hokara yaha nirNaya kiyA ki pUrvopArjita saMpatti para garva karanA nirarthaka hai / ye donoM videza meM jAkara apane puruSArtha se dhanArjana kareM / eka varSa ke bhItara jo adhika dhanArjana kara lAyegA, usI kA ratha pahale nagara dvAra se jA sakegA / cAra puruSoM ne nagara ke pramukha vyaktiyoM kA nirNaya devanandI aura dharaNa ko kaha sunAyA / isa nirNaya ko sunakara devanandI prasanna huA para dharaNa ke mana meM isa bAta kA pazcAtApa huA ki vyartha hI yaha jhagar3A bar3ha gayA hai / hamAre isa azobhanIya kArya se nAgarikoM ko kaSTa ho rahA hai / devanandI aura dharaNa donoM ne hI nagara ke mahAn vyaktiyoM ke nirNaya ko svIkAra kiyA aura unameM se dharaNa uttarApatha kI ora tathA devanandI pUrva deza kI ora sAmAna lAdakara vyApAra ke lie ravAnA huaa| kathAnaka kA yaha uparyukta aMza vasudevahiDI ke inbhadArayadugakahA saMbaMdho nAmaka kathA jyoM-kA-tyoM milatA hai / vasudevahiDI meM batAyA gayA hai -- "ihaM duve inbhadArayA ekko savayaMso ujjANAo nayara matIti, aNNo raheNaM nigacchai / tesi nayaraduvAre miliyANaM gavvaNa 1- vasude vahiMDI, pR0 8 / 2- - vahI, pR0 8 / 3 - - vahI, pR0 9--10 / 4- - sa0 pR0 6 / 466-466 //

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161 prosariumaNicchaMtANaM AlAvo baDhiyo / tatthego bhaNati- tuma pitisamajjieNa attheNa gavipro, jo sayaM samattho ajjeu-tassa sohai ahNkaaro| bitimro thev| tasi ca attukkarisanimittaM jAyA painnA--"jo aparicchayo niggo bahudhaNoro ei vArasaNhaM vAsANaM pAro, tassa iyaro savayaMso dAso hohiti" ti vayaNaM patte lihiUNaM Negamahatthe nikkhiviUNaM ekko tahe va niggayo, visayaMta phalANi pattapuDe gaheUNa paTTaNamuvagato / vasudevahiMDI ke ukta kathAMza se spaSTa hai ki chaThaveM bhava kI kathA kA mUlasrota yahI graMtha hai / dharaNa kA caritra vasudevahiMDI ke nandisena ke caritra se bahuta kucha aMzoM meM milatA hai / kathA kA utAra-car3hAva bhI donoM graMthoM meM samAna hai| / ataH isa tathya ko svIkAra karanA hI par3egA ki haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA ke likhane meM vasudevahiMDI se kathAMzoM ko apanAyA hai / samarAiccakahA meM kathAnakoM ke atirikta aise kaI saMdarbha bhI Aye hai jinakA saMbaMdha vasudevahiMDI ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai| donoM graMthoM ke ukta sandarbho se spaSTa avagata hotA hai ki haribhadra ne apane ina saMdarbho ke srota vasudevahiMDI se liye haiN| yahAM udAharaNArtha do eka saMdarbha kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / samarAiccakahA ke tIsare bhava meM bhUta caitanyavAda kA eka sandarbha pAyA hai| yaha sandarbha vasadehiDIke"dhaNava yassa uppattI" meM bhI hai| batAyA gayA hai--"prAyA vAyaatiritto na koI uvalambhati, savvaM ca bhUyavyaM jagaM / bhUyANi ya saMhatANi tesu tesu kajjesu uvaujjati, tANi puDhavijala-jalaNa-pavaNa-gagaNasaNiyANi |------jhaamjjNgsu kammii kAle pheNububbuyAdo vi karaNA tahA sarIriNo ceyaNa ------bhotta ti'| samarAiccakahA ke navama bhava meM kAlacakra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / avasarpaNa aura utsarpaNa ye do mukhya kAlacakra ke bheda haiN| inameM se pratyeka ke suSama-suSama, suSama duHSama, duHSama-suSama, duHSama aura duHSama---duHSama / inameM prathama kAla kA pramANa cAra kor3A-kor3I sAgara, dvitIya kA tIna kor3A-kor3I sAgara, tRtIya kA do kor3A-kor3I sAgara, caturtha kA vyAlIsa hajAra varSa kama eka kor3A-kor3I sAgara, paMcama kA ikkIsa hajAra varSa aura SaSTha kA ikkIsa hajAra varSa pramANa hai / suSama-suSama kAla meM manuSyoM kI Ayu tIna palya kI aura zarIra tIna ga na gavya ti pramANa hotA hai / isa kAla meM utpanna hue vyaktiyoM ko bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI binA kisI kaSTa ke prApta hotI hai / kalpavRkSoM se unakI sArI AvazyakatAeM pUrNa ho jAtI haiN| kalpavRkSa dasa prakAra ke hote haiM--(1) matAMga, (2) bhRga, (3) tUyAMga, (4) dIpAMga, (5) jyotiraMga, (6) citrAMga, (7) citrarasa, (8) maNi-tAMga, (9) gehAkRti, (10) anagna-vastrAMga / matAMgoM se zarIra ko sadA praphallita rakhane vAlA madya prApta hotA hai / bhRgoM se nAnA prakAra ke bhojana-pAtra upalabdha hote haiN| tUryA goM se nAnA prakAra ke svara nikAlane vAle vAdya, citrAMgoM se hAra-mAlAeM, citra rasoM meM nAnAprakAra ke rasoM ke paripUrNa bhojanopayogI phalAdi, maNitAMgoM se bhaSaNa-alaMkArAdi, gahAkRtiyoM se prAvAsa, dIpAMgoM se prakAza aura jyotiraMgoM se sthAyI-prakAza, udyota Adi prApta hote haiN| dvitIya kAla meM prAyu do palya aura zarIra kA pramANa do gavyUti raha jAtA hai / - - - - - - - - -- 1--vasudevahiMDI pR0 116 / 2--sa0 pR0 3 / 201--218 / 3--vasudevahiMDI pR0 202-203 /

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162 bhogopabhoga kI vastueM bhI kSINa hone lagatI haiN| tRtIya kAla meM prAyu eka palya aura zarIra kA pramANa eka gavyUti raha jAtA hai| caturtha kAla meM kulakara, cakravartI, tIrthakara nArAyaNa prAdi mahApuruSoM kA janma hotA hai / karmabhUmi kA prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| isa kAla ke prAdi meM jagat guru prathama tIthaMkara AdinAtha bhagavAn ne janma grahaNa kiyaa| inhoMne sabhI kalAoM aura zilpoM kA upadeza diyaa| asi, maSi, kRSi, sevA, zilpa aura vANijya ke sAtha vivAha Adi kriyAeM, dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA rUpa vizeSa dharma kA upadeza diyaa| isa caturthakAla meM zarIra kApramANa aura prAyu ina donoM mAna ghaTa gyaa| paMcama kAla meM Ayu eka sau bIsa varSa kI raha jAtI hai / upabhoga-paribhoga, auSadhi Adi kI zakti bhI uttarottara kama hone lagatI hai| dharma kI apekSA adharma kA pracAra bar3ha jAtA hai / SaSTha kAla ke prAraMbha meM Ayu bIsa varSa aura zarIra do hAtha pramANa raha jAtA hai / zArIrika zaktiyAM bhI kSINa ho jAtI haiN| dharmAdharma nAmamAtra ko raha jAte haiN| avasarpaNa ke anantara utsarpaNa kAla kA cakra calatA hai / isa prakAra haribhadra ne kAlacakra kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| vasudevahiMDI meM "usabhasAmicariyaM" meM yaha kAlacakra jyoM-kA-tyoM milatA hai| kalpavRkSoM ke nAmoM kA krama aura unake kArya bhI uparyukta varNana ke samAna hI haiM / yathA-- "prosappiNIe cha kAlabhedA, taM jahA--susamasusamA 1 susamA 2 susamadUsamA 3 samasUsamA 4 dUsamA 5 dUsamadUsama 6 tti / tattha jA ya taiyA samAtIsa dosAgarovamakoDakoDIparimANAe pacchimatibhAe, nayaNamaNohara-sugaMdhi-miu-paMcavaNNamaNi-rayaNabhUsiyasaratalasamarammamUmibhAe, maha - madirA- khIra - khodarasasarisavimalapAgaDiyatoyapaDipuNNarayaNavarakaNayacittasomANavAvipukkhariNI-dIhigAe, mattaMgaya-bhiMga-tuDiya-dIvasiha-joi-cittaMga-cittarasa-cittahAri-maNiyaMgagahasatthamatthamAdhUtilagabhUyakiNNakappapAyavasaMbhavamahura mayamajjamAyaNasu suhasaddappa-kAsamallayakArasAturasabhatta-bhUsaNa-bhavaNa-vikappavaravatthaparibhogasumaNasuramihuNase vie kAle / isase spaSTa hai ki haribhadra ne aneka prasaMgoM meM vasudevahiMDI se mAtra zailI yA varNana sAmya hI nahIM grahaNa kiyA hai, apitu aneka vicAra aura bhAva jyoM-ke-tyoM rUpa meM grahaNa kara liya hai / nArI ke zArIrika aMkana kI paddhati para vasudevahiMDI kA vicAra bhAva aura kalpanAoM kI dRSTi se pUrNa prabhAva hai| vasudevahiMDI meM suvarNa bhUmi', siMhala dvIpa aura cIna kI yAtrAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ina yAtrAoM meM yAnabhaMga tathA nAyaka kA kASThaphalaka kA avalambana kara samudra pAra honA Adi bAteM bhI varNita haiN| haribhadra ne bhI samarAiccakahA meM ina yAtrAoM kA vasudevahiMDI ke samAna hI ullekha kiyA hai| varNanapaddhati bhI prAyaH samAna hai| hAM, yaha satya hai ki haribhadra ne mUlasrota grahaNa karane bhI unameM eka nayI jAna DAla dI hai| unheM eka nayA rUpa pradAna kara diyA hai tathA apanI kalpanA aura varNana kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa haribhadra ke prasaMga vasudevahiMDI kI apekSA bahuta hI manorama aura prabhAvotpAdaka bana gaye haiN| aba kathAnaka aura varNana prasaMgoM ke atirikta samarAiccakahA meM nimna nagara aura pAtroM ke nAma bhI vasudevahiMDI se grahaNa kiye gaye pratIta hote haiN| ina nagaroM kA sthAna aura sanniveza prAyaH donoM graMthoM meM samAnarUpa se vaNita hai / pAtroM ke nAma kI samAnatA ke sAtha kucha pAtroM ke guNa aura vaiziSTya meM bhI samAnatA nirUpita hai| 1--taM jahA-susama susamA--------------- / sa0 na0 bha0 pR. 641--647 / 2--30 hi0 pu. 157 / 3--vasu0 pR0 146 / / 4--vahI, pR0 66, 146 / 5--vahI pR0 146 /

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nagara kA nAma / 1 / pravantI deza 2 / ayodhyA 3 / ujjayinI 4 / kAma rUpa janapada 5 / kAzI deza 6 / kosala janapada 7 | kauzAmbI nagarI 8 / gajapura 6 / gandhasamRddha 10 / catrapura 11 | campA 12 / jayapura 13 | TaMkanapura 14 / tAmralipta 15 / mithilA 16 / ratnapura 17 / rathanUpura-cakravAlapura 18 | rAjapura 16 / vasantapura 20 / vArANasI 21 / vaijayantI 22 / zaMkhapura 23 | zrAvastI 24 / sAta 25 / siMhala dvIpa 26 / suvarNabhUmi 27 / saurASTra 28 / hastinApura 13-22e40 193 vasudevaDI pR0 / 36, 46 240, 245, 340 36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 46 1.8 305 162, 255, 283, 305, 364, 365 / 36, 38, 42, 56, 321, 322, 346 / 86, 60, 128, 126, 241, 246, 341, 345, 346 / 166, 16e 216, 258, 261, 287 13, 16, 53, 54, 56, 58, 68, 71,72, 126, 151, 153, 155, 180 / 7, 206 148, 153 14,61,62, 145, 346 143, 236, 241, 308 115, 116, 275, 310, 320, 322, 333 / 164, 276, 310, 317, 318 / samarAiccakahA pa0 / 148 631 508-858 204 845 162 618 411 803 130-605 74 172 241 781 120 455-- 736 148 103 6, 265, 267, 348, 11 346 / 115, 151, 152, 235, 845 286 / 308, 350 68 536 636 265, 268, 281, 286, 283 266 1 283, 284 287, 303, 304336 76, 146 146, 146 50, 77, 76, 108 86, 128, 164, 186, 233, 235, 238, 305, 340, 344, 346 | 366--420 da0 hA0 70, 127, 174

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164 pAtroM ke nAma jo vasudevahiMDI aura samarAiccakahA meM samAna rUpa se vyavahata hue haiN| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pAtra kA naam| pAtra kA naam| vasudevahiMDI pR0| samarAiccakahA pR0 / .. 176 275, 276 336 114, 265 1 / acala sArthavAha .. 2 / amara guru 3 / arhadatta 4 / prAnanda 5 / indrazarmA 6 / jaya .. 7 / jitazatru 268 188 37, 36, 36, 46, 54, 566 147 162 365 266 8 / dhanasArthavAha 6 / dhanazrI sArthavAha patnI 50, 52 46--52 ... 236 226, 241, 355 / 101 68 61, 62 10 / dharmaghoSa cAraNa zramaNa 11 / dhanapati sArthavAha .. 12 / dharaNa vaNik .. 13 / padmAvatI .. 14 / bAlacandA 15 / manoratha sArthavAha .. 66, 70 465 732 104 366,402,448, 457 / ... 216 .. 23 173, 286 30, 31, 35 313, 315, 317, 343 16 / yazodharA 17 / vasantasenA 18 / vasubhUti 16 / vijaya 20 / zrIdevI 21 / zrImatI 22 / sAgara datta 23 / somadeva 370 481 184 168 168 38--40 .. 171, 174, 176 232 .. 85, 86, 88

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ataeva spaSTa hai ki samarAiccakahA kA kathAnaka kI dRSTi se vasudevahiMDI ko srota jAnanA nyAyasaMgata aura upayukta hai / samarAiccakahA meM uvAsagadasA se bhI kaI sandarbha grahaNa kiye gaye haiN| zrAvaka ke pratoM kA vivecana, aticAroM kA nirUpaNa aura kharakarmoM kA kathana mUlataH uvAsagadasA se hI liyA gayA pratIta hotA hai / uvAsagadasAoM ke prathama Ananda adhyayana meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / samatA ke lie yahAM kucha uddharaNa upasthita kiye jAte haiM: "tahA iMgAlakammaM vA, vaNakammaM vA, sAgaDikamma vA, bhADiyakambhaM vA, phoDiyakammaM vA, dantavANijja vA, lakkhavANijjaM vA, ke savANijjaM vA, rasavANijjaM vA, visavANijjaM vA, jantapIlaNakammaM vA, nillachaNakammaM vA, davaggidAvaNayaM vA, asaiposaNaM vA, sara-dahatalAyasosaNayaM vA, tahA kandappaM vA, phakkuiyaM vA, mohariyaM vA, saMjutAhigaraNaM vA, uvabhogaparibhogAiragaM vA, tahA maNaduppaNhiANaM vA, vayaduppaNihANaM vA, kAyaduppaNihANaM, sAmAiyassa saiakaraNa vaa----------vaa|" uvAsagadasAoM meM yahI prakaraNa-- taM jahA iMgAla kamma, vaNakamma, sADI-kamma, bhADI-kamma, phoDI-kamma, daMta-vANijja, lakkhA-vANijja, rasavANijja, visa-vANijja, kesa-vANijje, jaMtapIlaNakamma, nillachaNakamma, davaggi-dAvaNayA, sara-daha-talAba-sosaNayA, asaI-jaNa-posaNayA------------ taM jala prANavaNa-ppayoga, pesavaNappaloga, saddANuvAe, ruvANuvAe bahiyA poggala-pavakhe / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se donoM saMdarbho kA avalokana karane se spaSTa hai ki haribhadra ne dvAdaza vrata aura aticAroM ke varNana ke lie uvAsagadasAoM se sahAyatA prApta kI hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki yaha prasaMga haribhadra ne uvAsagadasAnoM se grahaNa kiyA to koI atyukti na hogii| yaha saMdarbha bhAva, bhASA, zailI aura vicAra ina sabhI dRSTiyoM se uvAsagadasAnoM ke samAna hai / jo krama uvAsagadalA kA hai, vahI krama isa saMdarbha kA haribhadra ne bhI rakhA haiM / zabdoM meM bhI jahAM-tahAM bahuta thor3A antara hai / vipAkasUtra aura uttarAdhyayana se bhI samarAiccakahA ke kucha sandarbha prabhAvita pratIta hote haiN| vipAkasUtra meM vaNita vijaya mitra sArthavAha kI jalayAtrA samarAiccakahA ke dhanasArthavAha kI jalayAtrA se samatA rakhatI haiM / vijayamitra sArthavAha ne gaNima, dharima, ma ya aura pariccheda, ina cAra prakAra kI paNyavastuoM ko lekara lavaNa-samudra meM prasthAna kiyA thA, kintu tUphAna ke kAraNa usakA yAna samudra meM chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| 2-sama0 pR0 63-64 / 2- gore dvArA saMpAdita uvAmagadasAyo, pR0 8 / 2-- tato NaM se vijayamitte satyavAde annayA kayAi gaNimaM ca dharimaM ca majjaM ca--- uvAgate vipAka sUtra dvi0 a0, pR0 161 /

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196 samarAiccakahA meM cora aura pallIpatiyoM kA varNana haribhadra ne khUba vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai| aisA anumAna hotA hai ki isa prakAra ke prasaMgoM ke lie haribhadra ne vipAkasUtra meM varNita abhagnasena jaise cora pallIpati tathA ise vaza karane ke lie mahAbala nareza dvArA bheje gaye daMDanAyaka jaise saMdarbho se avazya preraNA grahaNa kI hogii| paMcama aura SaSTha bhavoM meM cAroM kA varNana pAyA hai| haribhadra ke dvArA varNita cora itane pravINa haiM ki ve abhagnasena ke samAna rAjabhANDAra se bhI corI karane meM nahIM cUkate haiM / sAdhAraNa janatA to inake kauzala ke sAmane natamastaka hI hai'| karma-paramparA, punarjanmavAda aura karmaphala ke nirUpaNa meM haribhadra ne vipAkasUtra se pUrI taraha sahAyatA grahaNa kI hai / taravArthasUtra ke chaThaveM aura sAtaveM adhyAya ke karmAstava aura vrata sambandhI niyamoM se bhI haribhadra ne prabhAva grahaNa kiyA hai| zubhakarma ke phala se vyakti zreSTha kula, zrAyu, vaibhava Adi ko prApta karatA hai aura azubha karma ke udaya se vyakti ko nikRSTa kula, zArIrika aura mAnasika kaSTa prApta hotA hai / svarga aura naraka varNana bhI vipAkasUtra se liyA gayA mAlUma par3atA hai / karmavAda aura karmaphala kA mahatva dikhalAne ke lie vipAkasUtra ke pAkhyAna nidAna aura punarjanma kI vyAkhyA meM bahuta hI preraka aura sahAyaka hai| ataH prasaMgoM ko sArabhUta banAne ke lie haribhadra ne vipAkasUtra se vicAra aura bhAvanAoM ko grahaNa kiyA hogaa| uttarAdhyayana kA mRgAputra prAkhyAna bhI haribhadra ko apane pAtroM ko virakti kI ora le jAne meM preraka hI huA hogaa| haribhadra kI samasta prAkRta kathAoM kA antima uddezya pAtroM ko prAtmakalyANa meM lagAnA hai| saMsAra kI anityatA, svArthaparatA, SaDyaMtra evaM nAnAprakAra kI mUr3hatAeM samajhadAra vyakti ko sAvadhAna hone ke lie cetAvanI detI hai| ataH bIsavAM, ikkIsavAM, bAIsavAM aura paccIsavAM adhyayana varNanoM ko cintanazIla banAne ke lie upAdeya hai| haribhadra ne ina adhyayanoM kA upayoga apanI kathAoM meM dharmatattvoM kA samAveza karane ke sAtha prAcAryoM dvArA saMsAra kI anityatA pratipAdita karAne ke lie prAcAra sambandhI niyamoM kA pratipAdana karana ka lie bhI kiyA hogaa| manidhamaka tatvoM kA jaisA varNana haribhadra ne kiyA hai, vaha prAcArAMga aura uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA meM hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| nAyAdhammakahAnoM se samarAiccakahA meM koI pUrA prAkhyAna to liyA gayA pratIta nahIM hotA hai, para itanA avazya kahA jAyagA ki nAyAdhammakahAoM ko varNana zailI aura sandarbho kA prabhAva ukta graMtha para avazya hai / samarAiccakahA meM prAyaH sarvatra prAtA hai ki nidAnadoSa ke kAraNa jaba pratinAyaka nAyaka ko dekhatA hai to usakA krodha umar3a AtA hai aura vaha use kaSTa dene lagatA hai / yahI pravRtti nAyAdhammakahAoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| batAyA gayA hai--"tae NaM se kalabhae tuma pAsai 2 taM puvvave samarairaM 2 pAsutte sa? kuvie caNDivikae--disaM pddige|" mahAbhArata aura purANa to bhAratIya prAkhyAna ke koSa graMtha haiM / haribhadra jaise bahujJa ne ina graMthoM se bhI apane prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke nirmANa meM avazya sahayoga liyA hogaa| samarAiccakahA ke navama bhava kI kathA meM samarAditya apane mAtA-pitA kI prasana lie vibhramavatI aura kAmalatA nAmaka do yuvatiyoM se vivAha kara letA hai, para una donoM ko 1--evaM khalu sAmI ! sAlADabIe corapallIe----------amhe -----------vahI tR.a. pR0 241--248 / 2-- ena0 vI0 vaidya dvArA sampAdita nAyA0, pR0 37 /

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197 AdhyAtmika upadeza dekara Ajanma brahmacarya kA vrata de detA hai / isa sandarbha kA srota zAMtiparva meM hue zvetaketu aura suvarcalA ke vivAha ko mAna sakate haiN| zvetaketu vivAha ke anantara suvarcalA ko AdhyAtmika upadeza detA hai aura indriya vijayI hone ke lie kahatA hai, yathA- ahamityeva bhAvena sthito haM tvaM tathaiva ca / tasmAt kAryANi kurvIthAH kuryA te ca tataH param / na mameti ca bhAvena jJAnAgninilayena ca / anantaraM tathA kuryAstAni karmANi bhasmasAt // * * tasmAllokasya sidhyarthaM karttavyaM cAtmasiddhaye brahmavaivarta purANa ke 63 veM adhyAya meM AyA hai ki eka samaya rAtri ke duHsvapnoM ko dekhakara bhayabhIta kaMsa ne sabhA meM putra, mitra, bandhugaNa, bAndhava evaM purohita se kahA ki maiMne arddharAtri meM eka vRddha ko rakta puSpoM kI mAlA dhAraNa evaM lAla candana, lAla vastra, tIkSNa talavAra aura khappara ko hAtha meM liye nAcate dekhA hai / kaMsa ke isa kathana ko sunakara satyakI na e zubha zAMti ke lie dhanurbhava nAmaka yajJa sampanna karane kA parAmaza diyA, yathA- mayAdRSTo nizIthe yo duHsvapno hi bhayaprada / nibodhata budhAH sarve bAndhavAzca purohitAH / bhayaM tyaja mahAbhAga bhayaM kiM te mayI sthite / kuru yAgaM mahezasya sarvAriSTavinAzanam // yAgo dhanurmakho nAma bahavanno bahudakSiNaH // duHsvapnAnAM nAzakaraH zatrubhIti vinAzakaH // isa srota kA prabhAva hameM haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA ke caturtha bhava ke avAntara upAkhyAna yazodhara kI kathA meM milatA hai / yazodhara naM surendra datta bhava meM rAtri meM duHsvapna dekhA / prAtaH kAla usakI zAMti ke lie cintana karatA huA sabhA meM sthita thA / isI bIca usakI mAM yazodharA ne zrAkara ariSTa zAMti ke nimitta ATe ke murge kA balidAna karane ke lie use taiyAra kiyA / isI saMkalpI hiMsA ke prabhAva se una mAM-putra donoM ko zraneka bhavoM taka kaSTa sahanA par3A / zrataeva spaSTa hai ki ukta donoM prAkhyAnoM kA dharAtala eka hai / kevala varNana karane kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa kathAnaka gaThana meM antara hai / jAtaka kathAoM se haribhadra ne kaI kathAnaka apanAye haiN| yahAM do eka kathAnaka kA ullekha karanA zrAvazyaka hai / navama bhava kI kathA meM haribhadra ne batAyA hai ki samarAditya ko usake pitA saMsArabaMdhana meM bAMdhane kA prayAsa karate haiN| ve usake lie sabhI prakAra kI pramoda-pramoda kI sAmagrI ekatra karate haiM / vasantotsava sampanna karane ke lie kumAra samarAditya apane pitA kI AjJA se ratha para savAra hokara udyAna kI ora prasthAna karatA hai / kucha dUra jAne para kumAra ko devamandira ke eka cabUtare para baiThA huA kuSTha rogI milatA hai / kumAra 1 - - gItApresa dvArA prakAzita mahAbhArata zAMti parva 220 pra0 pU0 1491 | 2 -- brahma0 vai0 pu0 a0 63, pRSTha 893 | 3 - vahI, a0 64, pR0 865 /

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198 usa rogI ke sambandha meM sArathI se pUchatA hai| isa dRzya se usako virakta dekhakara nattaka ghabar3A jAte haiM, unheM AzaMkA ho jAtI hai ki kahIM kumAra lauTa na jAya / sArathI anunayavinaya kara kumAra ko Age le calatA hai| kucha dUra aura jAne para use eka vRddha seThaseThAnI dikhalAyI par3ate haiN| ye donoM zarIra se bilkula azakya the, bur3hApe ke kAraNa sabhI unakI upekSA kara rahe the| isa bUr3he dampati ke dekhane se kumAra kA vairAgya aura adhika bar3ha gyaa| thor3I dUra Age aura bar3he the ki unheM eka daridra puruSa kA zava dikhalAyI pdd'aa| loga use arathI para rakhakara dama na bhUmi kI ora le jA rahe the| sAtha meM kucha strI-puruSa karuNa krandana karate hue cala rahe the| isa dRSya ko dekhakara kumAra ko aura adhika virakti utpanna huI, kintu sArathI ke anurodha karane para mAtra apane pitA ko prasanna karane ke lie vaha vasantotsava meM sammilita huprA / nidAnakathA meM batAyA hai ki mahAtmA buddha ko bhI kumArAvasthA meM ukta tInoM dRzya dikhalAyI par3e the / buddha ke pitA ne bhI unheM saMsAra-bandhana meM bAMdhane ke lie pUrA prayAsa kiyA thaa| ukta saMdarbhAza meM batAyA gayA hai : ___ "pratheka divasaMbodhisatto uyyAnabhUmi gantukAmo sArathi aAmantatvA 'rathaM yojahI' ti Aha / so 'sAdha' ti paTissuNitvA mahArahaM uttamarathaM savvAlaMkArena alaMkaritvA kumudapatravaNe cattAro maMgalasindhave yojatvA bodhisattassa paTivedesi |-------ek devaputtaM jarA-jiNNaM khaMDadantaM phalitake saMbaMkaM obhaggasarIraM daMDahatthaM pavedhamAnaM karavA dssesN| taM bodhisatto ce va sArathi ca passanti |--punek divasaM bodhisatto tatheva umAnaM gacchanto devatAhi nimmitta vyAdhitaM purisaM disvA purimanayane va pucchitvA saMviggahadago niyattitvA pAsAdaM abhikahi / " samarAiccakahA ke tIsare bhava meM nAlikera pAdapa kI kathA prAyI hai / isa kathA meM pRthvI ke bhItara rakhI gayI nidhi kA ullekha hai| isa gar3e hue dhana ke kAraNa nAyaka ke prati pratinAyaka ke mana meM sadA pApa vAsanA utpanna hotI rahI hai / yaha kathAnaka nanda jAtaka meM bhI rUpAntarita avasthA meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa jAtaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka gRhapati marate samaya gar3A huA dhana chor3a gayA / naukara jaba-jaba usake lar3ake ko usa dhana ko rakhane kA sthAna batalAne jAtA, taba-taba usake mana meM vikRti utpanna ho jAtI aura vaha gAliyAM bakane lgtaa| suppAraka jAtaka meM vyApAriyoM kI sAnudrika yAtrA kA varNana hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki bodhisatva bharukaccha meM supyAraka nAma ke jyoSTha nAvika ke rUpa meM utpanna hue / inhoMne aneka vyApAriyoM ke sAtha dadhimAlaka, nalamAli aura valamAmukha nAmaka samudra kI naukAoM dvArA yAtrA ko| yaha yAtrA haribhadra ke dhana aura dharaNa sArthavAha ko sAmudrika yAtrA kA kalpanA bIja ho sakatI hai| mahAjanaka jAtaka meM bhI suvarNa bhami kI yAtrA kA ullekha hai / yaha yAtrA bhI jalayAna dvArA kI gayI thii| 1- samarAiccakahA, pR0884---861 2. ena0 ke 0 bhAgavata dvArA saM0 nidAna-kathA, pR0 75-76 / 3-~jAtaTThakathA-nanda jAtaka, pR0 161-162 / 4.- jAtaka caturtha khaMDa-appAraka jAtaka, . 336----343 / -----vahI, mahAjanaka jAtaka a. 6, pR0 38-36 /

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199 mahApaduma jAtaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka bAra bodhisatva ne vArANasI meM padmakumAra ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyA / vayaska hone para rAjA brahmadatta ne use yuvarAja banA diyA / rAjA apane pradeza ke kisI vidroha ko zAMta karane gayA aura rAjya kA bhAra padmakumAra para chor3a diyA / padmakumAra ke rUpa saundarya para Asakta hokara usakI vimAtA ne usake samakSa ramaNa karane kA anucita prastAva rakhA / isapara kumAra ne uttara diyA--" zramma ! tU merI mAtA hai aura svAmIvAlI hai / maiMne parigRhIta strI kI ora kabhI indriyoM ko caMcala karake dekhA taka nahIM hai / maiM tere sAtha aisA nikRSTa kArya kaise karU~gA / " isa uttara ko sunakara paTarAnI ne usa samaya to kucha nahIM kahA, kiMtu rAjA ke vApasa lauTa Ane para kapaTAcaraNa dvArA apanA ugra rUpa prakaTa kiyaa| usane kumAra ke Upara balAtkAra kA doSAropaNa kara rAjA se usakA sira kaTavA dene kA prayAsa kiyA / yaha kathAnaka sanatkumAra ke prati kiye gaye anaMgavatI ke prema prastAva kA srota ho sakatA hai / zranaMgavatI kA zrAcaraNa aura vyavahAra ThIka padmakumAra kI vimAtA ke samAna hai / donoM kumAroM kA uttara donoM hI sthAnoM para samAna hai / ata: tulanA se yaha spaSTa avagata hotA hai ki haribhadra ke ukta kathAnaka kA srota yaha jAtaka kathA ho sakatI hai / jAtaka kathAoM ke pAtra aura nagaroM ke nAma bhI haribhadra kI kathAtroM meM kucha jyoM-ke-tyoM rUpa meM milate haiM / ataeva yaha mAnanA hI par3egA ki prAkRta kathAoM ke sAtha haribhadra ne pAli jAtaka kathAoM kA bhI adhyayana kiyA thA / guNADhya kI vRhatkathA Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / isakA eka rUpAntara jise saMskRta bhASA meM somadeva ne gyArahavIM zatI meM likhA hai, upalabdha haiM / yaha satya hai ki kathAsaritsAgara kI kathAeM somadeva kI apanI nahIM haiM, kintu guNADhya kI paizAcI bhASA meM nibaddha bRhatkathA ke AdhAra para hI ye kathAeM likhI gayI pratIta hotI haiM / kathA - saritsAgara ke prathama lambaka meM upakozA kI kathA AyI hai / upakozA ne apanI caturAI se vaNikputra se apane pati dvArA jamA kiyA gayA dhana prApta kiyA thA / isameM kumAra saciva, kotavAla aura rAjapurohita ina tInoM ko inakI rasikatA ke kAraNa sandUka meM banda kara diyA thA / haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA meM guNADhya kI vRhatkathA meM varNita uparyukta AzayavAlI kathA ke srota ko lekara hI navama bhava kI avAntara kathAoM meM zubhaMkara aura rati kI kathA likhI gayI haiN| yoM to ukta prakAra kI lokakathAeM Aja bhI pracalita haiM / brajabhASA lokasAhitya meM ukta Azaya kI ekAdha kathA aura bhI milatI haiM / 1 -- jAtaka kathA bhAga 4, pR0 386--361 / 2 -- sana0 pR0 384-360 / 3 - vi0 rASTrabhASA dvArA pra0 ka0 sa0 pra0 khaM0, pR0 41 / 4.... sama0 pR0 604 /

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200 sama haribhadra ke nArikela vRkSa ke samAna kathA-saritsAgara ke caturtha lambaka meM eka vizAla vaTavRkSa kA varNana AyA hai| isa vRkSa kI jar3oM meM dhananidhi ke rahane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| saMbhavataH guNADhya ne ukta vRkSa ko nArikela hI mAnA hogA athavA yaha bhI saMbhava hai bahatkathA kA vaTavakSa samarAhaccakahA meM nArikela bana gayA ho| ataH yaha satya hai ki haribhadra ne guNADhya kI bRhatkathA se bhI kucha srota avazya grahaNa kiye haiN| samarAiccakahA ke kucha kathAnaka, sandarbha kalpanAoM kA srota mRcchakaTika prakaraNa meM pAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi mRcchakaTika kA racanAkAla anizcita hai| yadi yaha samarAiccakahA kA pUrvavartI hai to haribhadra sUrine avazya kathAnaka srota grahaNa kiye haiN| uttaravartI hone para hiccakahA se hI srota grahaNa kiye hoNge| samarAhaccakahA ke catartha bhava meM AyA hai ki kusumapura nivAsI mahezvaradatta jue meM solaha suvarNa mudrAeM hAra gayA thaa| usake sAthI isa dhana ko prApta karane ke liye use khader3ate hue cale A rahe the| mahezvaradatta ne dhanasArthavAha ko dekhA aura dInatApUrvaka kahane lagA--"maiM ApakI zaraNa meM huuN| solaha suvarNa sikke na de sakane ke kAraNa ye loga mujhe bahuta kaSTa de rahe hai"| meM dhanAbhAva ke kAraNa isa RNa ko dana meM asamartha haiN| aba Apa hI pramANa hai| maha zvara ke ukta vacanoM ko sunakara dhanasArthavAha ne solaha suvarNa sikke dekara use RNamukta kiyaa| mahezvara ne kApAlika mata svIkAra kara pravRjyA grahaNa kI / ___ jalayAna ke bhaMga hone para dhana eka kASThaphalaka ke sahAre samudra taTa para pahuMcatA hai| yahAM isakA sAkSAtkAra mahezvara kApAlika se hotA hai| mahezvara apane upakArI ko / kara usakA svAgata-satkAra karatA hai tathA use gAruDa mantra aura tilokasAra ratnAvalI hAra detA hai| dhana calatA huA zrAvastI meM AtA hai aura yahAM ke rAjA vicAra dhavala ke bhANDAra se bahumUlya vastuoM kI corI kisI ne kara lI hai| nagara meM cAroM ora talAziyAM lI jA rahI hai| dhana kI bhI talAzI lI jAtI hai| trilokasAra ratnAvalI hAra rAjaduhitA kA thA, jo ki siMhala dvIpa ko gayI thii| rAjA ko vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki dhana ne rAjakumArI kI hatyA kara ratnAvalI hAra ko prApta kiyA hai| ataH rAjA use prANadaMDa kI sajA detA hai| khAMgalika cANDAla usake gale meM karavIra mAlA pahanAkara badha sthAna--zmazAna bhUmi kI ora le jAtA hai / zmazAna bhUmi meM usake aparAdha kI ghoSaNA karatA huA tathA logoM ko isa prakAra ke aparAdha na karane kI cetAvanI detA huA khAMgalika talavAra kA prahAra karatA hai, kiMta talavAra usake hAtha se chUTakara gira jAtI hai aura khAMgalika bhI bhUmi meM girakara socane lagatA hai / uparyukta donoM kathAnaka mRcchakaTika nATaka meM kucha hI rUpAntara ke sAtha upalabdha hai| isa prakaraNa ke dvitIya aMka ke dvitIya dRzya meM batAyA hai ki jue meM hArA huA saM hika kisI zUnya devAlaya meM zaraNa letA hai| mAthura aura dyUtakAra use khojate hue vahAM pahuMcate haiN| ve usa sthAna ko nirjana dekhakara vahIM juA khelane lagate haiN| saMva haka unheM khelate dekha apanI pravRtti ko rokane meM asamartha hotA hai| vaha bhI unase mila jAtA hai| mAthara aura dhatakAra use dekhate hI pakaDa kara bAhara le jAte haiN| ve usase apanA RNa' mAMgate haiM aura na dene para use mArate hai| isI bIca darduraka vahAM 1--vi0 rA0 pra0 kathA, pra0 khaM0 pR0 471 / 2--sama0 pR0 243-244 / 3- sama0 pR0 254-255 / 4--vahI pR. 262 /

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201 mAtA hai| vaha saMvAhaka ko chaDAtA hai| mAthura aura dardaraka meM jhagar3A hotA hai| saMvAhaka bhAga jAtA hai aura vasantasenA ke ghara meM zaraNa letA hai| saMvAhaka ko cArudatta kA purAnA bhRtya jAnakara vasantasenA bar3I prasanna hotI hai| jaba use yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha jue meM hArakara bhAgA hai aura jIte hae juAr3I usakA pIchA kara rahe haiM, to vaha rupayoM ke badale AbhUSaNa bhijavA detI haiN| mAthura aura dyUtakara santuSTa hokara cale pAte haiN| saMvAhaka bhI virakta hokara zAkya zramaNa bana jAtA hai / jaba zakAra puSpakaraNDaka jINodyAna meM vasantasenA kI hatyA kA prayAsa karatA hai aura use mRta samajhakara pattoM se DhaMkakara calA jAtA hai, taba yahI bhikSu vasantasenA ke prANoM kI rakSA karatA hai tathA vasantasenA ke sAtha Akara zmazAnabhUmi meM cArudatta ko prANadaNDa se chur3AtA hai / ukta kathAnaka kI tulanA se spaSTa hai ki haribhadra kA mahezvara mRcchakaTika ke samAna cArudatta ko vadhasthAna kI ora le jAte hue cANDAla kahate haiM:--"zuNAdha ajjA zuNAdha / eze zatthavAhaviNaadattazza Natthike zAaladattazza puttake ajja cAlu datta NAma / ediNA kila akajjakAliNAdhaNiyA vazantase NA atthakallavattazza kAlaNAdo zuNNaM pupphakalaNDaajiNNujjANaM. . . . . . / jaba cANDAla talavAra khIMcakara cArudatta ko mAranA cAhatA hai ki talavAra hAtha se gira par3atI hai| cANDAla anumAna karatA hai ki cArudatta kI mRtyu nahIM hogii| vaha apanI ArAdhyA devI sahya nivAsinI se prArthanA karatA hai ki devI prasanna ho, prasanna ho, cArudatta mRtyu ke mukha se chUTa jAya ? to yaha cANDAlakUla Apase anugRhIta ho jAya / isa prasaMga meM cANDAloM kI eka ukti bhI AyI hai ki cANDAlakula meM utpanna hone para bhI hamaloga cANDAla nahIM hai, kintu jo sAdhujana ko pIr3ita karate haiM ve hI pApI hai evaM cANDAla / tulanA karane se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki samarAiccakahA ke ukta prasaMga kA srota yahIM se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| para, haribhadra ne nATakIya varNanoM ko kathAtmaka gaMbhIra banAne meM kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM rakhI hai| macchakaTika ke cArudatta ke pAsa bhI vasantasenA kA trilokasAra ratnAvalI hAra hI pakar3A gayA thaa| usI se anya gahanoM kI puSTi kI gayI thii| samarAiccakahA meM bhI ratnAvalI hAra ke kAraNa hI dhanasArthavAha kI anya cIjoM ko corI kI cIjeM mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra macchakaTika ke cANDAla ko jAti cANDAla kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra samarAiccakahA meM bhii| ataeva ukta kathAnaka samarAiccakahA meM mRcchakaTika se yA mRcchakaTika meM samarAiccakahA se grahIta kiye gaye haiN| 1-- mRcchakaTika samasta dvitIya aMka nirNayasAgara 1910, pR0 228 / 2 - mRcchakaTika kA dazama aMka / 3---vahI pR0 226 / 4... vahI pu0 gAthA 10 / 22, 247, nirNayasAgara, 1610 I0 5-- Nahu amhe cANDAlA--vahI, pa0 233 /

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202 zrI harSa ke tIna nATaka prasiddha hai--priyadarzikA, ratnAvalI aura nAgAnanda / ina nATakoM se haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM kucha kathAnaka sandarbha aura kalpanAoM ke srota grahaNa kiye hai| madana mahotsava kA varNana jisa prakAra kA ratnAvalI meM hai, lagabhaga vaisA hI samarAiccakahA meM bhii| samarAiccakahA meM eka prasaMga AtA hai ki zAntimatI apane pati ke vana meM na milane se bahuta duHkhI hai| vaha cAroM ora talAza karatI hai, jaba kahIM usakA patA nahIM pAtI haiM to azoka vRkSa meM latAoM kA pAza banAkara phAMsI lagAne kA prayAsa karatI haiN| ukta kathAnaka kA srota ratnAvalI meM sAgarikA dvArA latApAza se phAMsI lagAkara marane kI taiyArI rUpa ghaTanA ho sakatI hai| donoM ghaTanAoM kI varNana zailI prAyaH samAna hai| priyadazikA ke varNanasAmya bhI kaI sthaloM para upalabdha hai| ___ saMskRta sAhitya meM subandhu, daNDI aura bANabhaTTa gadya ke AcArya mAne gaye haiN| ye tInoM hI AcArya haribhadra se pUrvavartI hai, ataH ina tInoM kI chApa haribhadra para spaSTa rUpa se dekhI jA sakatI hai| subandhu kI vAsavadattA se samarAiccakahA meM lokakathAoM kI rUr3iyoM ke prayoga grahaNa kiye gaye pratIta hote haiN| vAsavadattA meM totA nAyakanAyikA ko milAne kA kArya karatA hai| isa saMdarbhAza ke srota se lIlArati vidyAdhara aura zuka ke vArtAlApa tathA SaDyantra kA prasaMga samarAiccakahA meM nirmita kiyA gayA hogaa| vAsavadatA se samarAiccakahA meM varNana prasaMga bhI grahaNa kiye gaye hoNge| subandhu ke anantara daNDI kI kRti dazakumAra carita kA nAma AtA hai| dazakumAra carita meM dhUrta, lucce, laphaMga, jumArI aura vezyAoM kA yathArtha citraNa kiyA gayA hai| haribhadra samarAiccakahA meM daNDI ke kaI kathAoM se prabhAvita hai| nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke prema-viraha varNana ke prasaMgoM kA udgamasthala dazakumAra carita ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| yoM to praNaya kI romAnI pravRtti kA itivRtta vAsavadattA se hI Arambha ho jAtA hai para isakI paripakvatA kAdambarI meM milatI hai| zleSa, virodha, upamA aura parisaMkhyA alaMkAroM kA srota ukta tInoM anupama racanAoM ko mAna sakate haiN| samarAiccakahA meM, samudra, vana, nadI, parvata, nagara aura prAsAdoM ke varNana kI paddhati kA srota kAdambarI ko kahA jAya to kucha anucita na hogaa| bhAva taralatA, anUThI kalpanA, pravAhamayI bhASA, saMgIta, aura citramattA ke lie hama haribhadra ko bANa kA AbhArI mAna sakate haiN| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki haribhadra ne apanI maulika pratibhA ke kAraNa uparyukta sAhitya se srota mAtra hI grahaNa kiye haiN| kathAnakoM kA vistAra aura varNanoM kA prAcurya inakI apanI vizeSatA hai| itivRtta meM jahAM-kahIM bhI bhAvAtmaka sthala Aye haiM, unako haribhadra ne pUrNatayA sarasa banAyA hai| dhUrtAkhyAna kA kathAsrota vibhinna purANoM, Rgveda, rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhya ne isa grantha ke kathAnaka srota para vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai| ataH isa viSaya para adhika likhanA piSTa-peSaNa mAtra hogaa| haribhadra kI laghukathAoM ke srota vasudevahiNDI, Agamika-sAhitya, jAtaka-grantha, mahAbhArata, purANa, dazakumAracarita, : paMcatantra Adi granthoM ko mAna sakate hai| laghukathAoM meM kucha aisI lokakathAeM haiM, jo abataka loka-sAhitya meM sthAna pAyI huI hai| dazavai kAlika TIkA meM haribhadra ne do grAmINa gAr3IvAnoM ke AkhyAna uddhRta kiye haiN| ye donoM AkhyAna 2..-DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA likhita dhUrtAkhyAna kI aMgrejI prastAvanA, pRSTha 25 ...36

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203 vasudevahiNDI maM jyoM-ke-tyoM rUpa meM upalabdha haiM pratibhA dvArA unameM kATa-chAMTa kI hai| vasudevahiNDI meM pAyA jAtA hai / / hAM, yaha ThIka hai ki haribhadra ne apanI sulasA kA AkhyAna bhI kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha upadezapada meM mAnava paryAya kI durlabhatA evaM buddhicamatkAra ko prakaTa karane ke lie lagabhaga bIsa-paccIsa AkhyAna Aye haiM / ina sabhI AkhyAnoM kA srota nandIsUtra hai / autpatti kI buddhi ke viSaya meM rohaka kumAra ke teraha dRSTAntoM ko nandIsUtra meM nimna prakAra batalAyA gayA hai -- bhahasila 1, miTa 2, kukkuDa 3, tila 4, bAluya 5, hathi 6, agaDa 7, vaNasaMDe 8, pAsaya 9, AiA 10, patte 11, khADahilA 12, paMcapiyaro ya 13 // bharahasila paNiyarukkha khuDugapaDa saraDakAya uccAre / gaya dhayaNa gola khaMbhe khuDuga maggi tthi pada puttaM // mahasittha muddi aMka nANae bhikkhu ce DaganihANe / sikkhA ya atthasatya icchA ya mahaM sayasahasse // upadeza pada meM isI viSaya kA nirUpaNa nimnagAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai:bharahasila paNiyarukkhe khaDDagapaDa saraDakAya uccAre / artaNa golakhaMbha khuDDagamagaganatthipaiputte // ityAdi * isI prakAra vainayikI buddhi aura pAraNAmikI buddhi ke lakSaNa aura udAharaNa bhI haribhadra ne upadezapada meM nandIsUtra se grahaNa kiye haiM / bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha prasaMga samAnarUpa se donoM granthoM meM AyA hai / haribhadra ne bhAvazuddhi ke liye dazavakAlika TIkA meM eka AkhyAna uddhRta kiyA hai, jisameM batAyA hai ki eka rAjaputra ko eka sarpa ne kATa liyA, jisase usakI mRtyu ho gayI / phalataH rAjA ne samasta sarpoM ko mArane kA Adeza diyA / eka dina devatA ne svapna meM rAjA ko darzana dekara batalAyA ki tuma sarpoM kI hiMsA mata karo, tumhAre yahAM nAgadatta nAma kA putra utpanna hogaa| isa kathA kA saMbaMdha mahAbhArata ke sarpayajJa se jor3A jA sakatA hai / batAyA gayA hai ki pramadvarA kA rUrU ke sAtha vivAha saMbaMdha hone ko thA / vivAha ke pahale hI pramadvarA ko eka sAMpa ne DaMsa liyA, jisase rUrU ne sarpoM ke vinAza kA nizcaya kiyA / rUrU ko DuNDu ne ahiMsAtmaka upadeza diyA / parIkSita ko sarpa dvArA DaMse jAne ke kAraNa janamejaya ne bhI sarpasatra kA Arambha kara sarpoM kA vinAza kiyA thA / ataH sarpa vinAzavAlA AkhyAna bahuta prAcIna hai / isakA ullekha prAyaH samasta bhAratI AkhyAna sAhitya meM huA hai / 11 1- vasude 0 kA nAgariyachaliyassa sAgaDimassa udaMtaM tathA da0 hA 0 0, pR0 118 - 116 / 2 -- nandIsUtra mUla gAthA 70, 71, 72 / 3 --- upadezapada gAthA 40-42, pRSTha 45-46 / 4 -- da0 hA 0, pR0 73 / 5 -- mahA0 A0, pR0 5 zloka 6-7 tathA havAM pra0 / 6 vahI A0, pR0 53-54 1

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204 haribhadra ne eka stambha zIrSaka prAsAda meM rAjA zreNika ke bagIce meM asamaya meM phalane vAle Ama kA jikra kiyA hai| eka mAtaMga isa Amra vRkSa se mantrabala dvArA Ama tor3a letA thA aura rAjA ke karmacAriyoM ko isakA patA nahIM calatA thaa| eka dina abhayakumAra ne use kisI prakAra pkdd'aa| rAjA usase mantra sIkhane lagA, para svayaM ucca Asana para AsIna rahane ke kAraNa nahIM sIkha skaa| jaba usane nIce baiThakara mantra sIkhanA Arambha kiyA to mantra yAda ho gayA' / vidyA kA camatkAra zIrSaka kathA meM haribhadra ne batAyA hai ki eka parivrAjaka ne eka nAI se mantra sIkhA aura vaha maMtra bala se apane tridaNDa ko AkAza meM laTakA detA thaa| rAjA dvArA guru kA nAma pUchane para usane himAlaya guphAvAsI kisI sAdhu ko batAyA aura nAI kA nAma chipA liyA, jisase usakI mantra zakti lupta ho gyii| ukta donoM AkhyAnoM kA srota amba jAtaka ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| ambajAtaka meM AyA hai ki eka bAra bodhisatva ne mahAcANDAla kula meM janma liyA aura mantra zakti dvArA asamaya meM Ama utpanna karane kI yogyatA prApta kara lii| ye prAtaHkAla hI bahaMgI le gAMva se nikala AraNya meM eka AmravRkSa ke pAsa jA, usase sAta kadama kI dUrI para khar3e ho mantra par3hakara pAnI kA chIMTA dete| Ama ke purAne patte jhar3a jAte, na patte nikala Ate aura naye pake phala gira jaate| bodhisatva yatheSTa Ama ke phala ghara le kara cale aate| eka dina eka brAhmaNa kumAra ne bodhisatva kI isa kAryavAhI ko dekha liyA aura vaha bodhisatva ke pAsa mantra sIkhane ke liye aayaa| kucha dinoM taka bodhisatva kI sevA karane ke uparAnta usane vaha mantra sIkha liyA aura eka rAjA kI sabhA meM jAkara asamaya meM Ama ke phala khilAkara logoM ko camatkRta kiyaa| rAjA dvArA guru kA nAma pUche jAne para isa brAhamaNa ne cANDAla kA nAma na lekara anya kisI AcArya kA nAma le diyA, jisase usakI vidyA kA camatkAra lapta ho gyaa| ___ tulanA karane se spaSTa hai ki ukta donoM AkhyAnoM kI preraNA haribhadra ne ambajAtaka se lI hogii| haribhadra ke laghu AkhyAnoM meM kucha AkhyAna vyavahArabhASya vRtti, bRhatkalpabhASyavRtti, Avazyaka cUNi evaM nizItha cUNi meM bhI Aye haiN| AkhyAnoM ke upadezatatva aura aneka varNana aMga, upAMga, chedasUtra aura mUlasUtroM meM vartamAna hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra ne apanI prAkRta kathAoM ke srota prAkRta, pAli aura saMskRta sAhitya kA avagAhana kara grahaNa kiye haiN| haribhadra ne ukta sAhitya ke atirikta apane yuga meM pracalita sthAnIya loka kathAoM ko bhI AkhyAna sAhitya meM sthAna diyA vibhinna srotoM se cayana karane para bhI haribhadra meM saMvedanazIlatA aura kalpanA zakti itanI adhika hai, jisase unakA kathAsAhitya bahuta hI sarasa aura prabhAvotpAdaka bana gayA hai| samarAiccakahA eka zreSTha dhArmika upanyAsa hai, isameM upanyAsa ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiN| haribhadra ne katipaya kathAsUtroM ko pUrva racita kRtiyoM se apanAyA hai, kiMtu unhIM ke samAnAntara dRzyoM, kriyAoM aura bhAvanAoM kI kalpanA karake nAnA prakAra ke prabhAvotpAdaka vRtta gar3he haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki inakI racanAoM meM mAnava jIvana kA saccA svarUpa pradarzita huA hai| dharma kathA hone para bhI inameM kevala dharma, nIti ke 1. da. hA0, pR0 81 / 2---da0 hA0 pR0 210-211 / 3--jA0 (ca0 khaMDa) ambajAtaka, pR0 400--406 /

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205 tatra hI nahIM haiM, kiMtu Ananda kI vizuddha anubhUti vyakta huI ha / inakI kathAoM meM vyaMgya hai, parihAsa hai, vismaya hai, kautUhala hai aura hai jIvana ke prati saccA ullAsa / inake pAtroM meM sAhasa kI sphUrti ke sAtha zaurya kI garimA bhI hai / jovana ma~ bahirjagat kI ghaTanAoM ke sAtha antarjagat meM tyAga aura prema kI ghaTanAeM jitanI yathArtha haiM, utanI hI lobha aura hiMsA kI lIlAeM bhI / satu atat pravRttiyoM kA saMgharSa jIvana meM sadA hotA rahatA hai, haribhadra ne inhIM pravRttiyoM ko eka sacce upanyAsakAra ke samAna citrita kara apane kathAsAhitya ko yathArthavAdI banAyA hai / mAnasika vikAroM ke sUkSma vizleSaNa meM haribhadra ko advitIya saphalatA prApta huI hai / pAtra krodha, mAyA, mAna aura lobha se abhibhUta ho nAnA prakAra kI ghaTanAoM ko ghaTita karate haiM / karmasaMskAra ke kAraNa alakSya zakti unake jIvana kA saMcAlana karatI dikhalAyI par3atI hai / ataH saMkSepa meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki samarAiccakahA kathAsAhitya meM pahalA kathA - kAvya haiM / isa koTi kI racanAeM vizva sAhitya meM bhI kama hI haiM / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki haribhadra kA anubhava kSetra bahuta vyApaka haiM, ataH inheM vibhinna caritroM ke nirmANa meM pUrNa saphalatA prApta huI hai / kathAnaka 2 / kathA meM kathAnaka kA vahI sthAna hai, jo zarIra meM haDDiyoM kaa| jisa prakAra zarIra ke liye mAMsa-peziyoM Adi kI AvazyakatA AvaraNa ke rUpa meM rahatI hai, usI prakAra bhASA, zailI aura zIla-nirUpaNa kI kathAoM meM / binA haDDiyoM ke jaise mAMsa-peziyA~ sthira nahIM raha sakatIM, vaise hI binA kathAnaka ke kathA kA DhAMcA khar3A nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki kathAnaka vaha tattva haiM, jo kAlakrama se zRMkhalita ghaTanAoM ko rIr3ha kI haDDI kI taraha dRDhatA dekara gati detA hai aura jisake cAroM ora ghaTanAeM latA kI taraha ugatI, bar3hatI aura phailatI haiM / kathA kA sAmAnya artha hai kArya-vyApAra kI yojanA / " ema0 phorsTara ne kathA aura kathAnaka kA antara batAte hue kahA hai ki kathA hai ghaTanAoM kA kAlAnukramika varNana - kalevA ke bAda vyAlU, somavAra ke bAda maMgalavAra, mRtyu ke bAda nAza Adi, jaba ki kathAnaka ghaTanAoM kA varNana hotA hai, parantu usameM kArya kAraNa saMbaMdha para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA hai" / "rAjA mara gayA aura bAda meM rAnI mara gaI" kahAnI hai / "rAjA mara gayA aura phira usake viyoga meM rAnI mara gayI" kathAnaka hai / kAlAnukrama yathAvat hai, parantu kArya kAraNa kI bhAvanA ne use abhibhUta kara liyA hai / kathAnaka meM samaya kI gati ghaTanAvalI kholatI jAtI hai aura sAtha hI yaha bhI pramANita hotA jAtA hai ki vizva kA saMghaTana yuktiyukta hai aura usameM kArya kAraNa kA antaH saMbaMdha hai tathA vaha buddhigamya hai / 1 kathAnaka kI ghaTanAeM vAstavika jIvana meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kI pratikRti nahIM hotI, unakI saMyojanA kalA ke svanirmita vidhAna ke anusAra hotI haiM / haribhadra samarAiccA, dhUrtAkhyAna aura anya laghukathAoM meM kathAnakoM ko vAstavika jIvana kSetra ke atirikta deva-dAnava, ati prAkRta aura aprAkRtika ghaTanAoM se bhI nirmita kiyA hai / kathAnaka kI sabase bar3I kasauTI vizvasanIyatA hai, jo haribhadra kI kathAoM ke kathAnakoM meM pUrNatayA pAyI jAtI hai / ekAdha ghaTanA jisakA saMbaMdha aprAkRta yA atiprAkRta tattva se hai vaha itanI dRr3hatA aura tarkapUrNa yukti ke sAtha nibaddha kI gaI hai ki pAThaka ko usapara vizvAsa karanA hI par3atA hai / haribhadra ke dvArA saMyojita kathAnakoM kI gatizIla ghaTanAeM sarala rekhA meM nahIM calatIM, unameM paryApta utAra-car3hAva Ate haiM / pAtroM ke bhAgya badalate haiM, paristhitiyAM unheM kucha aura banA detI haiM / ve jIvana saMgharSa meM jUjhakara saMgharSazIla rUpa kI avatAraNA 1 -- hindI sAhitya koSa se uddhRta, pR0 184 /

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karate haiN| haribhadra ke ghaTanA tantra kA prAdhAra punarjanmavAda hai| jIvana kI pratyayajanaka yathArthatA ke sAtha usameM AkasmikatA kA tattva bhI nihita hai| "nidAna" tatva ke kAraNa haribhadra ke pAtroM meM eka svayaMsiddha pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai, jisase ve ghaTanAoM ke vAtyAcakra meM svayaM kaThaputalI kI taraha nAcate rahate haiN| haribhadra ke plaoNTa meM punarjanma vahI kAma karatA hai, jo Adhunika kathAoM ke plaoNTa meM caaNs| inhoMne plaoNTa ko karmavAda se sambaddha karake kathAoM kI zrRMkhalA bAMdhI hai| punarjanma ko uddhATaka jainamuni tathA karmavAda ke bhoktA nAyaka-nAyikA donoM hI usa yuga ke vizvAsoM ke anurUpa kautUhala AdyopAnta banAye rakhate haiM, para upasaMhAra meM kathAsUtra ke motI khula jAte haiN| "nidAna" tattva ke kAraNa pradhAna kathA aura avAntara kathAoM kI saMgati, saMgaThana aura saMbhavatA ye tInoM hI kathAnaka ke guNa haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA meM pAye jAte haiN| saMgati se tAtparya hai ki haribhadra ke dvArA Ayojita ghaTanAeM aura kathAnaka sArthaka hai| kathAnakoM meM kArya-kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA ke anusAra tAratamya pAyA jAtA hai| sArI ghaTanAeM vibhinna phUloM kI taraha hai', haribhadra ne inheM pirokara mAlA banAne kA kArya kiyA hai| kathAnakoM meM vizRMkhalatA kahIM nahIM pAyI jAtI hai| saMbhavatA kA artha hai svaabhaaviktaa| jitane bhI kathAnaka haiM, ve sabhI svAbhAvika hai, buddhigamya hai aura hai vizvAsa ke yogya / ataH haribhadra ke kathAnaka kathA sAhitya kI dRSTi se anupama hai| zrI vinoda zaMkara vyAsa ne kathA sAhitya kI saphalatA ke liye kathAnaka kI zreSThatA kA vivecana karate hue batAyA hai-- ___ manuSya kA svabhAva hai ki dRzyoM ke pUre samUha ko vaha apanI smRti meM tabataka nahIM lA sakatA, jabataka koI aisA dRzya na ho, jisakA usake ha.daya para gaharA prabhAva na par3A ho| yadi eka bhI aisA dRzya huA to zIghA hI usase sambaddha anya dRzya apane Apa upasthita ho jaayeNge| yahI bAta upanyAsoM ke viSaya meM bhI hai| kathAnaka ke prArambha meM aneka ghaTanAeM tathA eka ke bAda dUsare kathAnaka Ate hai, kintu anta meM saba eka hI lakSya kI ora kendrita hokara pariNAma meM antanihita ho jAte haiN| pariNAma dvArA sampUrNa upanyAsa smRti koSa meM A jAtA hai / haribhadra vaha citrakAra hai, jo citra ke avayavoM ko citrita kara lene ke bAda eka bAra usa citra para antima raMgAmajI karatA hai aura vaha sajIva ho uThatA hai| haribhadra ne apane kathAnaka-sUtroM ko itane kalAtmaka DhaMga se saMjoyA hai ki nidAna kI kar3I-para-kar3I jora dene ke uparAnta bhI kathAnaka aspaSTa aura bojhila nahIM haiN| yaha satya hai ki kathAnaka pAtroM ko cAroM ora se ghere hue haiM aura pAtra bhI kathAnaka ke aMga hai tathA pAtroM kI krIr3AeM jIvana kI kaThinAiyoM aura viSamatAoM ko abhivyApta bhI karatI hai cAritrika dabelatAeM, mAnava-jIvana ke kleza aura kaThinAiyAM bhI kathAnako kI avatAraNA meM pUrA sahayoga detI hai| haribhadra ne kathAnaka ke bhItara upakathAnakoM kI bhI yojanA kI hai, para kathAnaka ke sabhI aMga usako kendrIya yojanA ke sahAyaka hokara hI Aye hai, usameM prayukta pratyeka vAkya, pratyeka zabda kathA ko agrasara karane meM sahAyaka haiN| haribhadra kI kathAnaka yojanA meM nimna vizeSatAeM dRSTigocara hotI haiM :-- (1) kathAnaka ke bandhana meM par3akara caritroM kA kurUpa na honaa| (2) kathAnakoM meM kArya-vyApAra kI gatizIlatA kA pAyA jAnA / (3) ghaTanAoM kI vividhatA aura sambandhoM kI anekarUpatA kI rkssaa| (4) kathAnakoM meM samaya kI gati aura apane yuga ke vizvAsoM kA udghATana / 1--upanyAsa kalA, pR0 118-116 /

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207 (5) sarala kAya vyApAra ke sAtha jaTila kArya vyApAra kA sNyog| (6) kArya vyApAra kI ekatA / (7) kathAnaka kA jIvana kI gUr3ha samasyAoM se saMbaMdha / (8) pravAhazIlatA aura lakSya kI ora drutatara gati / (9) kautahala kA sRjana / / (10) nirdiSTa sImA ke bhItara spaSTa aura pUrNa rUpa se caritroM kA utkarSa / (11) prema, saundarya aura karuNA kA sRjana / (12) jIvana kI vividha samasyAoM kI upasthiti aura unake samAdhAna / (13) kathAnaka ke vividha aMgoM meM tAratamyatA / (14) ghaTanAoM kI eka sUtrIya yojnaa| (15) sarala aura samagati se vastu kA vikAsa / (16) camatkArapUrNa yojnaa| (17) mUla bhAva aura prerakatA ke anurUpa hI vastu kA samprasAraNa / (18) vistAra-parimiti aura lakSya ko aikaantiktaa|| (19) citta dravIbhUta karane ke liye prabhAvotpAdakatA kA sRjana / (20) kathAnaka dvArA abhIpsita vAtAvaraNa ko mUttimAna svarUpa khar3A krnaa| (21) duhare kathAnakoM kI yojanA--eka kathAnaka ke bhItara usI se sambaddha dUsare kathAnaka ko khar3A krnaa| (22) kathAnaka meM avasthAoM--Arambha, vikAsa, kautUhala aura pariNAma kA yathocita snnivesh|| (23) kAraNa-kArya, pariNAma kI apanI eka yojanA / (24) punarjanmavAda ke Avazyaka tattva karma siddhAnta kA yoga / (25) ghaTanAoM ke mUla meM nidAna kA saMketa / (26) udAtta caritra ke sRjanArtha dharmopadeza kA sanniveza / (27) cetana ke sAtha jar3a karma ke saMyoga kA vaividhya pradarzana / (28) pAThakoM kI saMbhAvanA ke viparIta Akasmika ghaTanAoM ko avtaarnnaa| (29) zAzvat manobhAvoM kI abhivyNjnaa| haribhadra ke samasta kathAnakoM kA AMkar3A upasthita karanA to saMbhava nahIM hai, para ekAdha kathAnaka kA ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai / prathama bhava meM batAyA hai ki kSitipratiSThita nagara meM pUrNacandra nAma kA rAjA rahatA thaa| isakI kumudinI nAma kI paTTarAnI thii| isa dampati ko guNasena nAma kA guNI putra utpanna huaa| isI nagara meM dharmazAstra kA jJAtA, guNavAna, nItijJa aura alpAraMbhaparigrahI yajJadatta nAma kA purohita thaa| isakI patnI kA nAma somadattA thaa| inako agnizarmA nAma kA eka atyanta kurUpa putra utpanna huaa| agnizarmA kI kurUpatA logoM ke parihAsa kA viSaya thii| kumAra guNasena apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha use gadhe para savAra karAkara aura usake sira ke Upara sUpa kA chatra lagAkara gAje-bAje ke sAtha nagara meM ghumAkara Ananda prApta karatA thaa| isa prakAra kA vyavahAra pratidina karane se agnizarmA

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208 bahuta duHkhI huA aura usake mana meM virakti kI bhAvanA utpanna ho gayI / vaha nagara se nikala kara eka mahIne meM suparitoSa nAma ke tapovana meM pahuMcA aura vahAM Arjava kauNDinya nAma ke AcArya ke samakSa tApasI dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI / usane ugratama tapazcaraNa karane ke lie mAsopavAsa grahaNa kiyA / upavAsa ke anantara prathama hI ghara meM pAraNA karane kA niyama bhI liyA / apanI vRddhAvasthA meM rAjA pUrNacandra apane putra guNasena ko rAjya kA bhAra dekara sapatnIka tapazcaraNa karane vana meM cale gaye / guNasena rAjA hone ke uparAnta kSitipratiSThita nagara ke vasantapura meM jalavAyu parivartana ke liye Akara rahane lgaa| eka dina vaha vanabhramaNa ke liye ghor3e para savAra hokara nikalA / jaMgala meM pahuMcane para vaha sahasrAmbhavana meM vizrAma karane lgaa| isI samaya hAtha meM santare liye hue do tApasakumAra Ae / unhoMne rAjA kA abhinandana kiyA / rAjA guNasena ne abhyutthAna, Asana Adi ke dvArA unakA sammAna kiyaa| unhoMne kahA -- "mahArAja ! kulapati kahAM haiM ?" una tApasakumAroM se tapovana kA paricaya pAkara rAjA guNasena kulapati ke pAsa pahuMcA / AsanadAna kuzalaprazna Adi ke pazcAt rAjA na e kulapati ko samasta RSiyoM sahita apane yahAM bhojana kA nimantraNa diyaa| kulapati ne nimantraNa svIkAra karate hue kahA - " vatsa ! agnizarmA tapasvI mAsopavAsI haiM / use chor3akara hama sabhI loga tumhAre yahAM pdhaareNge|" rAjA kulapati se Adeza lekara agnizarmA ke nikaTa pahuMcA aura usase virakti kA kAraNa puuchaa| agnizarmA kI zArIrika kurUpatA, dInatA Adi ke atirikta kalyANa mitra guNasena ko bhI apanI virakti kA hetu batAyA / guNasena ko apanA nAma sunate hI bacapana kI sArI bAteM yAda ho AyIM, phira bhI usane spaSTIkaraNa ke liye pUchA ki Apake vairAgya ke anya kAraNa to ThIka haiM, kintu guNasena kalyANa mitra kisa prakAra hai ? agnizarmA se usakA spaSTIkaraNa sunakara rAjA guNasena ne apanA paricaya dete hue kSamA yAcanA kI / agnizarmA se yaha avagata kara ki pAraNA velA aba nikaTa hai, do cAra dina ke bAda hI avasara AnevAlA hai, to usane AgrahapUrvaka apane yahAM bhojana kA nimantraNa diyA / afree tApasI ne nimantraNa svIkAra karane meM idhara-udhara kiyA, para rAjA guNasena ke atyadhika Agraha ke kAraNa use svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| agnizarmA jaba pAraNA ke nimitta rAjA ke yahAM pahuMcA to rAjA ke sira meM apAra vedanA hone se aura rAja karmacAriyoM ke rAjA kI paricaryA meM vyasta rahane ke kAraNa vaha pAraNA grahaNa kiye binA hI lauTa AyA / zirovyathA kama hone para rAjA ko pAraNA divasa kA dhyAna AyA to usane agnizarmA ke viSaya meM talAza kI / use vApasa huA jAnakara vaha tApasa Azrama meM AyA aura kulapati ke samakSa pazcAtApa prakaTa karate hue usane apanI bhUla svIkAra kI / vaha punaH agnizarmA ke pAsa gayA aura pazcAtApa prakaTa karate hue use apane yahAM Amantrita kiyA / isa bAra jaba pAraNA divasa AyA to usI dina rAjA ko sUcanA milI ki mAnabhaMga nRpati ne arddharAtri ke samaya sImA para AkramaNa kara diyA hai / isa sUcanA se rAjA uttejita ho gayA / zatru ke Upara AkramaNa karane ke liye senA taiyAra hone lagI / cAroM ora bhagadar3a maca gayI / sabhI apane-apane kArya meM vyasta dikhalAyI dene lage / isI bIca agnizarmA pAraNA ke hetu rAjagRha meM praviSTa huA / hAthI-ghor3oM kI bhIr3a dekhakara vaha cakita ho gayA aura Age na bar3ha sakane ke kAraNa vahIM se lauTa gayA / jaba rAjA ko pAraNA kI smRti AyI to usane logoM se tApasI ke saMbaMdha meM pUchA aura yaha jAnakara ki vaha abhI hI yahAM se nikalA hai, rAjA tapovana kI ora calA / mArga meM, agnizarmA se sAkSAtkAra ho gayA / use vApasa lauTAne kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA rAjA

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209 para usane tApasI vrata kI kaThoratA aura niyama kI dRr3hatA batalAte hue kahA -- " Apake atyadhika Agraha aura mAnasika santApa ke kAraNa meM abakI bAra puna: Apake yahAM pAra ke liye AUMgA, kintu isa samaya aba lauTakara nahIM jA sakatA hUM / " tIsarI bAra jaba pAraNA kA samaya AyA to saMyogavaza rAjA ke yahAM putra utpanna huaa| sabhI parijana purajana putrotsava sampanna karane meM saMlagna the / cAroM ora vyastatA kA vAtAvaraNa vyApta thA / isI bIca agnizarmA pAraNA karane rAja prAsAda meM pahuMcA, kintu vahAM kisI ne usakI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA / phalataH isa bAra bhI vaha ghUma-phira kara yoM hI lauTa AyA / aba usake mana meM bhayaMkara pratikriyA utpanna huI / usane ise bhI guNasena kA majAka samajhA aura bacapana meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanA ke sAtha kAraNa-kArya kI zrRMkhalA jor3akara nidAna kiyA ki maiM agale bhavoM meM apanI tapazcaryA ke prabhAva se isa guNasena badalA cukAUMgA / guNasena ko tIsarI bAra bhI binA pAraNA kiye agnizarmA ke lauTAne se bar3A kaSTa huA / usane apane purohita soma zarmA ko bhejakara agnizarmA kA samAcAra maMgAyA / soma zarmA agnizarmA ke pAsa gyaa| usane dekhA ki agnizarmA bhUkha kI jvAlA aura krodha ke santApase bahuta duHkhI hai / guNarona ke nAma se use bahuta cir3ha hai aura vaha nidAna bAMdhA kara samAdhi grahaNa kara cukA hai| usane kulapati se nivedana kara diyA hai ki rAjA guNasena yahAM na Ane pAye / soma zarmA isa samAcAra ko lekara rAjA guNasena ke pAsa lauTa AyA / rAjA guNasena kulapati ke pAsa svayaM pahuMcA aura usane apane Antarika duHkha ko kulapati se nivedita kiyaa| kulapati kI bAtoM se use sthiti kA patA laga gayA, ataH vaha lauTa AyA / aba vasantapura nivAsa karanA use khaTakane lagA / ataeva vaha apanI rAjadhAnI kSitipratiSThita nagarI meM lauTa AyA / agnizarmA ne nidAna bAMdha kara tapazcaraNa kiyaa| ataH vaha marakara bhavanavAsI da evoM meM vidyutkumAra jAti kA deva huA / jaba guNasena pravRjyA dhAraNakara pratimAyoga meM sthita hokara AtmasAdhanA kara rahA thA usa samaya vibhaMgAvadhi ke dvArA guNasena ko apanA zatru jAnakara agnizarmA kA jIva vaha vidyutkumAra vahAM AyA aura use agni meM jalAkara mAra DAlA / vizleSaNa -- - uparyukta kathAvastu kA vizleSaNa karane para nimna kathAnakoM kI zrRMkhalA upalabdha hotI hai: * manoraMjana kA (2) guNasena dvArA pratidina taMga kiye jAne se agnizarmA sAdhu bana gayA / (3) vRddha hone para rAjA pUrNacandra guNasena ko rAjya dekara tapa karane calA gayA / (4) guNasena eka dina vasantapura meM AyA / ( 5 ) vaha bhramaNa karane ke liye ghor3e para savAra hokara nikalA aura thakakara sahasrAmpravana meM vizrAma karane lagA / ( 1 ) apanI kurUpatA ke kAraNa agnizarmA rAjakumAra guNasena sAdhana thA / ( 6 ) tApasa kumAroM dvArA suparitoSa nAmaka tApasa Azrama kA paricaya pAkara vaha kulapati ke pAsa gayA aura unheM apane yahAM bhojana kA AmantraNa diyA / (7) agnizarmA tapasvI ke ugratapazcaraNa ko avagata kara usake darzana ke liye rAjA guNasena gayA / (8) praznottara se usane use apanA bacapana kA sAthI jJAta kiyA aura AgrahapUrvaka pAraNA kA nimantraNa diyA / 14-.-22 eDu0

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210 (9) mahArAja guNasena kI zirovedanA ke kAraNa rAja parivAra kI asta-vyastatA rahane se pAraNA kiye binA hI agnizarmA lauTa gyaa| (11) dvitIya bAra zatru-AkramaNa ke kAraNa senA se rAja-prAsAda kA mArga avaruddha rahane se vaha pAraNA kiye binA lauTa aayaa| (11) tRtIya bAra bhI mahArAja guNasena ke putrotsava manAne meM vyasta rahane se vaha pAraNA kiye binA hI lauTa gyaa| (12) tIna bAra AgrahapUrvaka nimantraNa dene para bhI pAraNA kI vyavasthA karane meM mahArAja guNasena ke asaphala rahane se agnizarmA kA bacapana kI ghaTanAoM ke kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdha jor3anA aura isa naye adhyAya ko bhI taMga karane kA upAya jAnakara nidAna baaNdhnaa| marakara usakA vidyutkumAra deva honaa| (13) pAraNA na ho sakane se nirAza aura duHkhI ho guNasena kA rAjadhAnI meM lauTa aanaa| (14) mRtaka ko zmazAna bhUmi kI ora le jAte hue dekhane se kumAra kA dIkSA dhAraNA krnaa| (15) tapa karate hue kumAra guNasena ko dekhakara nidAna ke kAraNa agnizarmA ke jIva vidyutkumAra kA agni prajvalita kara use mAra ddaalnaa| isa prakAra mUla kathAvastu kI pandraha kathAnakoM meM kAraNa-kArya kI zrRMkhalA hai| phArTara ke anusAra kathAnaka usI ko kahA jA sakegA, jisameM yaha kAraNa-kArya vyApAra pAyA jAtA hai| prathama kathAnaka meM agnizarmA kI kurUpatA aura usake zarIra kA beDaula honA hI upahAsya kA kAraNa hai| isa kAraNa ko pAkara hI kumAra guNasena use gadhe para savAra karAkara apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha usakA julUsa nikAlatA hai / dvitIya kathAnaka meM guNasena ke dvArA taMga kiye jAne vAle kAraNa se hI agnizarmA ke virakti rUpI kArya kI utpatti hotI hai aura phalasvarUpa agnizarmA sAdhu bana jAtA hai| tRtIya kathAnaka meM mahArAja pUrNacandra kA vRddha hone para tapazcaraNa karane sana meM jAne rUpI kAraNa se guNasena ke rAjyAbhiSeka-kArya kI utpatti hotI hai / caturtha kathAnaka meM guNasena manovinoda ke nimitta vasantapura ke vimAnachandaka nAma ke rAja-prAsAda meM jAkara rahane lagatA hai| pAMcaveM kathAnaka meM bAha yAlI meM ghor3e para savAra ho bhramaNa karane jAtA hai, bhramaNa karane se thakakara--itane kAraNa se, vizrAma rUpI kArya kI utpatti hotI hai / chaTaveM kathAnaka meM nikaTa ke pAzrama se tApasakumAra Ate hai aura unake dvArA suparitoSa prAzrama kA paricaya prApta kara--kAraNa se, kulapati ke darzana rUpa kArya kI utpatti hotI hai| sAtaveM kathAnaka meM agnizarmA ke ugra tapazcaraNa se prabhAvita ho---kAraNa se agnizarmA tapasvI ke pAsa pahuMcane rUpa kArya sampanna hotA hai / 1-A plot is also a narrative of events, the emphasis falling on casuality. The king died and then the queen died" is a story. "The king died, and then the qucen died of grief" is a plot. The time-sequence is preserved, but the sense of casuality overshadows it. I plot cannot be told to a gaping audience of cave men or to a tyrannical Sultan or to their modern descendant the moviepublic. They can only be kept awake by' and then - and then-' they can only supply curiosity. But a plot demands intelligence and memory also. ASPECTS OF THE NOVEL: by E.M. Forster. pages 8:2-83.

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211 AThaveM kathAnaka meM agnizarmA dvArA kalyANamitra kahe jAne para -- kAraNa se, kumAra guNasena ko AtmaglAni kArya kI utpatti hotI hai / nauveM kathAnaka meM agnizarmA mAsopavAsa ke anantara pAraNa ke lie mahArAja guNasena ke yahAM jAtA hai, kintu mahArAja kI zirovedanA ke kAraNa rAjaprAsAda meM purajana- parijana ke vyasta rahane se pAraNa kiye binA yoM hI lauTa AtA hai--kArya / dasaveM kathAnaka meM zatru- prAkramaNa rUpI kAraNoM se pAraNA kA prabhAva rUpI kArya sampanna hotA hai / gyArahaveM kathAnaka meM putro va meM vyasta rahane rUpI kArya niSpanna hotA hai / bArahaveM kathAnaka meM lagAtAra tIna bAra pAraNa ke na hone se tathA kSudhA ke pratyadhika tIvra hone se zragnizarmA kA viveka lupta ho jAtA hai aura vaha bacapana kI ghaTanAoM kA smaraNa kara -- kAraNa, nidAna --kArya, ko bAMdhatA hai / terahaveM kathAnaka meM pAraNA ke sampanna na hone kAraNa se kumAra guNasena rAjadhAnI meM lauTa prAtA hai - kArya / caudahaveM kathAnaka meM mahArAja guNasena ke vairAgya meM mRtaka darzana- kAraNa banatA hai / pandrahaveM kathAnaka meM agnizarmA kA jIva vidyutkumAra nidAna ke kAraNa muni guNasena se badalA cukAtA hai, use agni prajvalita kara dagdha kara detA hai / uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki kathAnakoM meM kAraNa-kArya kI zrRMkhalA pUrNarUpa se nihita hai / sabhI kathAnakoM ke bhItara kAraNoM kA samAveza bar3e hI rahasyAtmaka DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai / avAntara kathAoM meM bhI kathAnakoM kI zrRMkhalA kArya-kAraNa vyApAra para hI avalambita hU~ / ataH saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki haribhadra ke kathAnakoM meM vastu kA prAraMbha kisI sthala vizeSa se hotA hai tathA unhoMne kArya-kAraNa pariNAma kI eka apanI yojanA banAyI hai / ye AraMbha meM yA to kisI paristhiti vizeSa kA vivaraNa dete haiM aura usase vikasita hone vAle caritra athavA bhAva kA udaya dikhalAte haiM athavA kArya se hI kathA kA prArambha kara usI ke anurUpa pariNAma dikhalAte haiM / bIca-bIca meM saMgharSamayI sthiti ko dikhalAkara vizeSa prakAra kA prabhAva utpanna karate calate haiM / jaisA bhI krama ho ye kathA kI preraka zakti ke anurUpa viSaya kA prasAra dikhalAte jAte haiM aura nizcita pariNAma para pahuMcane ke pUrva apanI eka aisI buddhimUlaka sajAvaTa taiyAra karate haiM, jisake kAraNa kathA kA phala yathArtha aura prakRta mAlU par3ane lagatA hai / haribhadra ne kathAnaka yojanA meM isa siddhAMta kA sadA pAlana kiyA hai ki kathAnaka meM kisI bhI prakAra kI jaTilatA utpanna na ho, yataH kisI bhI prakAra ko jaTilatA meM usakI apanI avAntara bAteM itanI adhika yA gayI haiM jisase kathA ke ekonmukhatA ke bigar3ane kA bhaya nahIM rahA hai / jaTila caritravAle pAtroM ke caritra-citraNa ke avasara para bhI kathAnaka kI gatividhi ulajhane nahIM pAyI hai / haribhadra ne jahAMtaka saMbhava huA hai, kathAnakoM dvArA sIdhe viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / avAntara kathAoM ke jaTila tantra ke rahane para bhI kathAnaka kI gati meM kauzala aura tvarA baMga kA samAveza sarvatra hai / koI caritra cAhe vaha carama sImA kI ora bar3ha rahA ho athavA apane uccatama utkarSa se nigati kI ora calakara anumAna kSetra ko Andolita kara rahA ho, usameM paryApta kSipratA ke sAtha tIvra gatizIlatA milegI aura yahI kAraNa hai ki haribhadra ke kathAnakoM meM prabhAvAnviti pUrNatayA jhaMkRta athavA skurita hotI huI pratyakSa gocara hotI hai / haribhadra ne apane kathAnakoM ke vikAsa meM isa bAta para bhI dhyAna rakhA hai ki kathAnaka buddhisaMgata, prakRta aura yathArtha rahane cAhie / yahAM unako yathArthatA kA abhiprAya caritra kI kisI vRttivizeSa, kisI ghaTanA kI abhivyaMjanA, kisI vAtAvaraNa kA citrAMkana evaM dezakAla ke vizeSa kathana se hai / kisI caritra prathavA bhAvadazA kI apanI

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212 paristhitiyAM hotI haiM, isIlie sabase adhika dhyAna isI bAta kA rakhA hai ki paristhitiyoM ko kisI zRMkhalA kI kar3iyoM kI taraha athavA sopAna paramparA ke krama ke samAna sajAyA jAya / jabataka koI caritra athavA ghaTanA apane caturdika kAraNa rUpa se vibhinna sthitiyoM para AvaraNa nahIM DAla letI, tabataka haribhadra kathAnaka ko virAma nahIM dete | haribhadra ne kathAnakoM meM sAdhaka aura bAdhaka donoM prakAra kI ghaTanAoM kA sanniveza kiyA hai| sahAyaka ghaTanAoM ke antargata ve saba kArya yA kathA-stu ko phalAgama kI ora le calane meM sahAyaka hote haiM / vyApAra Ate haiM, jo ye kArya-vyApAra tIna ke prayukta hue haiM :-- ( 1 ) nAyaka yA pAtra ke apane buddhi-kauzala, ceSTA, guNa hokara / ( 2 ) nAyaka yA pAtra ke mitra, sahayogI aura sahAnubhUti rakhanevAloM ke dvArA / ( 3 ) daivayoga se Akasmika sahAyatA ke rUpa meM / jisa prakAra kucha vyApAra kathAnaka ko gatizIla banAne meM sahAyaka hote haiM, usI prakAra haribhadra ne kucha bAdhaka kArya-vyApAroM kI yojanA karake kathAnakoM ko sajIvatA pradAna kiyA hai / bAdhaka kArya - vyApAra kathAnaka ke vikAsa meM bAdhA utpanna karate haiM, para usakI gati ko avaruddha nahIM karate / ye bAdhaka kArya - vyApAra bhI kathA ke vikAsa meM pUrNa sahayogI kA kArya karate haiM / saMkSepa meM haribhadra ke kathAnaka tIna prakAra ke haiM --- ( 1 ) mAnava kI buddhi, sAmarthya, ceSTA zraura guNa ke phalasvarUpa ghaTita hone vAle kathAnaka / yA svabhAva se prerita ( 2 ) daivayoga yA karmavipAka se ghaTita hone vAle kathAnaka, jinake Age manuSya kI buddhi aura zakti nirarthaka jAna par3atI hai / daivayoga yA saMyoga se ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ke samakSa manuSya ko ghuTane Tekane par3ate haiM aura vaha yantravat kArya karatA calA jAtA hai / ( 3 ) pAtroM yA nAyaka ke sahAyaka aura virodhiyoM ke dvArA ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAeM | isa prakAra haribhadra ke apane sarala aura jaTila donoM prakAra ke kathAnakoM ke antargata pAtroM ke saMgharSa aura dvandvoM ko dikhalAyA hai / caturdika phaile hue vAtAvaraNa, paristhitiyAM, samAja, dharma, rAjanIti, prakRti, yuddha evaM vibhinna mAnavIya manovRttiyoM kA bahuta hI sundara vizleSaNa huA hai / kathAnaka yojanA meM haribhadra bahuta hI nipuNa haiM, kathAtmaka vyApAra kA nirdeza itanI paTutA se unhoMne kiyA hai ki caritroM kA udAtta aura utkarSa svayameva abhivyaMjita ho gayA hai / prArambha, utkarSa aura anta kI sthiti bhI kathAnaka meM bhalI prakAra pAyI jAtI 1 pradhAna yA mUla kathAnaka ke sAtha avAntara yA upa-kathAnakoM kI zranviti samyaka prakAra se huI hai / jitanI avAntara kathAeM grAyI haiM, una sabakA lakSya nidAna aura karmazRMkhalA kI anivAryatA dikhalAnA hai / mUlakathA meM jisa nidAna kA jikra kiyA jAtA hai, usakA samarthana pravAntara kathAoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki pratyeka bhava kI kathAvastu ke upakathAnaka prAyaH samAnaM haiM / kisI prAcArya kA milanA aura prAtmakathA ke rUpa meM apane punarjanma kI paramparA ke nAyaka ko sAtha anya kisI prAcArya aura usase sambaddha pAtroM kI punarbhavAvalI ko kahanA tathA karma siddhAMta kA vistRta nirUpaNa karanA grAdi bAteM haribhadra ke kathAnakoM ke pradhAna aMga haiM / inake kAraNa kathAnakoM meM Azcarya aura kautUhala kA pUrA samAveza ha~ /

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paMcama prakaraNa haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM ke saMvAda tattva aura zIla sthApatya 1 | saMvAda yA kathopakathana kathAoM meM saMvAdAtmakatA kA honA kathA-sauSThava kI dRSTi se nitAnta Avazyaka hai / jisa prakAra vyAvahArika jIvana meM manuSya kI bAtacIta karane kI praNAlI usake caritra kA mApadaNDa bana jAtI haiM, usI prakAra kathA ke pAtroM ke kathopakathana kA bhI prabhAva unake caritra evaM anya kriyAkalApoM para par3atA hai / manuSya kI bAhya prAkRti evaM sAja-sajjA kevala itanA ho batalA sakatI hai ki amuka vyakti garIba yA amIra haiM, kintu usake manobhAvoM kI jAnakArI usake vArttAlApa se hI hotI haiM / kisI vyakti ko karmaThatA, akarmaNyatA, udAratA, tyAga, sAdhutA, duSTatA, dayA, mamatA, prema Adi vRttiyoM aura bhAvanAoM kI yathArtha jAnakArI saMbhASaNa ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai / 213 kathAoM meM aneka varga aura jAtiyoM ke pAtroM kA samAveza rahatA hai aura una pAtroM ke kathopakathana meM unakI vargagata aura jAtigata vizeSatAoM ko dikhalAne kI ora jabataka kathAkAra kA dhyAna nahIM rahegA, tabataka usake dvArA sRjana kiye gaye pAtroM meM jIvana kA saMcAra nahIM hogA / pratyeka pAtra ko apanI sImAoM meM hI socanA aura bolanA cAhie / kathA meM kathopakathana evaM saMbhASaNoM kA isIlie mahattva hai ki kathA kI ghaTanAeM pAtroM ke kathopakathana meM se hI vikasita hotI haiM / kathAtattva ke marmajJa AcArya haribhadra sUri kI prAkRta kathAoMoM meM samAja ke pratyeka kSetra ke pAtroM ke vArtAlApa, saMbhASaNa evaM svagata kathana vidyamAna 1 pAtroM kI manovRttiyoM kA pradarzana kathopakathana ke eka-eka zabda meM dikhalAyI par3atA hai / haribhadra dvArA nirmita pAtroM ke kathopakathana bhAvoM, pravRttiyoM, manovegoM tathA ghaTanAoM ke prati unako pratikriyA dikhalAne ke sAtha-sAtha kAryapravAha ko bhI zrAge bar3hAte haiM / pAtroM kI vaiyaktikatA kI rakSA ke sAtha prabhAvAnviti ko banAye rakhane meM bhI inake pAtroM ke saMvAda sahAyaka haiM / kathopakathana kA vargIkaraNa haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAyoM ke pAtroM ke kathopakathana ko mUlataH do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kA sakatA hUM-- ( 1 ) zrRMkhalAbaddha kathopakathana aura (2) unmukta kathopakathana / zrRMkhalAbaddha kathopakathana se hamArA tAtparya usa prakAra ke kathopakathanoM se haiM, jo saMbhASaNa ke rUpa meM dhArApravAha kucha kAla taka calate rahate haiM / isa koTi ke saMbhASaNa samarAiccakahA meM kevalI, jina yA anya kisI prAcArya ke upadeza ke rUpa meM zrAte haiM / zAlika kI haribhadra vRtti meM "ekastambha kathA" meM abhayakumAra bhI eka sabhA meM lambA saMbhASaNa karatA hai / ukta prakAra ke saMbhASaNoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / ye nimnAMkita haiM :-- (1) guNasena aura vijayasena (2) siMha kumAra aura dharmaghoSa 1 - - bhaga0 saM0 sa0, pR0 46--68 / 2-- bhaga0 saM0 sa0, pR0 102, 140-141 /

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214 (3) zikhikumAra aura vijaya siMha (4) piMgaka aura vijaya siMha (5) dhana aura yazodhara' (6) jayakumAra aura sanatkumAra (7) dharaNa aura arhadatta (8) sAgara aura sAdhvI (6) senakumAra aura hariSeNAcArya' (10) guNacandra aura vijayadharmAcArya (11) susaMgatA gaNinI : saMbhASaNa (12) abhayakumAra aura sabhAsada uparyukta zRMkhalAbaddha kathopakathana banAma bhASaNa haiN| kisI pAtra ke dvArA prazna kiye jAne para prAcArya uttara dete samaya apanI AtmakathA tathA dharmatatva kA pravacana karate hai / prAyaH sabhI saMvAdoM meM ekarUpatA hai, lambI AtmakathAeM jinameM upakathA, pratiupakathAoM kA jamaghaTa hai| yaha satya hai ki ina saMbhASaNoM meM siddhAntoM kA prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se nirUpaNa huA hai / tanveiSaNa, manovRtti, pravacana, vAgvaM dagdhya, kalpanA aura prabhAvaka upasaMhAra Adi bhASaNa ke guNa ina saMvAdoM meM vartamAna haiN| guNasena vijayasenAcArya se prazna karatA hai "prabho ! rUpa-lAvaNya, dhana-vaibhava, aiza-ArAma Adi samasta sAMsArika sukhoM ke rahane para bhI prApako virakti kA kyA kAraNa hai ? Apake caraNoM se suzobhita siMhAsana ko apane vaibhava sahita aneka sAmanta aura rAjA namaskAra karate haiN| isa saMsAra kI sArI sukha-suvidhAeM prApako prApta haiN| Apa jaise yazasvI, puNyAtmA, aihika sakha sAmagrI se paripUrNa vyakti kA udAsIna hokara sanyAsI bana jAnA aura prAtma sAdhanA meM laganA akAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH apanI virakti kA kAraNa btlaaiye| vijayasena--"rAjan ! yaha saMsAra virakti-kAraNoM se paripUrNa hai, phira bhI maiM Apako apano virakti kA kAraNa kahatA huuN|"12 1--bhaga0 saM0 sa0 pR0, 167---187 / 2--bhaga0 saM0 saM0 pR0, 201 / 3--vahI, pR0 286 / 4---vahI, pR0 366 / 5---vahI pR0 566 / 6-vahI, pR0 610 / 7--vahIM, pR0706 / 8~-vahI, pR0 781 / ---vahI, pR0 821 / 10--daza0 hA0, pR0 81 / 11--daza0 hAri0, pR0 46 / 12--vahI,pR046 //

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isa sthala se vijayasena kA lambA bhASaNa prArambha hotA hai, jo prAtmakathA hone para bhI nIrasa hai| isameM pradhAna rUpa se tIna tathyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai :-- (1) jAtimada-uccajAti hone kA ahaMkAra isa bhava praura parabhava donoM meM duHkhadAyaka hai / (2) prANI ko apane dvArA kiye gaye zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala janma-janmAntara taka bhoganA par3atA hai| (3) dharma hI isa prANI ko kaSToM se mukti dene vAlA hai| gRhadharma aura munidharma kA jo yathAzakti pAlana karatA hai, vahI zAzvatika sukha pAtA siMhakumAra aura dharmaghoSa kA vArtAlApa bhI ukta krama se hI prArambha huA hai| dharmaghoSa ne apane vairAgya kA kAraNa batalAte hue amaragupta kI kathA sunAyI aura prasaMgavaza dharma kA svarUpa bhI / yaha lambA bhASaNa hai, kathA ko rocakatA ke kAraNa isase zrotA ke manoraMjana aura jJAnavarddhana donoM hI kArya hote haiN| zikhikumAra aura vijaya siMha ke kathopakathana kA krama bhI uparyukta hI haiN| prAcArya vijaya siMha apanI virakti kI pRSThabhUmi kA nirUpaNa karate hue ajita kI kathA sunAte haiM / isa kathA meM bhI kaI avAntara kathopakathana haiN| piMgaka aura vijaya siMha kA vArtAlApa bahuta hI tarkapUrNa aura svAbhAvika hai / piMgaka nAstika aura cArvAka sampradAya kA anuyAyI hai / yaha AtmA kA astitva nahIM maantaa| pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu aura AkAza ina pAMca bhUtoM--padArtho ke sUkSma saMyoga se prAtmA kI utpatti hotI hai tathA ina pAMcoM dravyoM ke saMyoga kA jaba sUkSma vighaTana ho jAtA hai, to prAtmA naSTa ho jAtI hai / piMgaka apane kathana ke samarthana meM udAharaNa aura tarka upasthita karatA hai| prAcArya vijaya siMha piMgaka ke kathana kA khaNDana, virodhI tarkoM ko jhUTha, asaMbhava aura asaMgata siddha karate hue svapakSa kA maNDana karatA hai / pakSa puSTi ke lie udAharaNoM kI kamI inake pAsa bhI nahIM hai| inake kathana meM bacana vidagdhatA aura vAkacAturya kA yatheSTa samAveza hai| dIkSA lene ke lie prastuta kumAra se piMgaka kahatA hai -- "kumAra tumheM kisane Thaga liyA hai / yahAM paMcabhUtoM ke atirikta paralokagAmI koI jIva nahIM hai, kintu ye bhUta ho isa prakAra svAbhAvika rUpa se pariNamana karate haiN| jisase jIva saMjJA kara dI jAtI hai| jaba ye bhUta vizRMkhalita hote hai, to prANI kI matasaMjJA ho jAtI hai| zarIra tyAgakara koI prAtmA ghar3e meM banda cir3iyA kI taraha paraloka nahIM jAtI hai / ataH tuma paraloka ke nahIM hone para bhI mithyA buddhi karake ina svAbhAvika sundara viSaya sukhoM ko chor3ate ho ? prAcArya vijaya siMha kI ora saMketa karate hue--athavA Apa zarIra se bhinna prAtmA ko dikhalAiye, anyathA ApakA yaha kathana galata hai ki manuSya zarIra prApta karanA duSkara hai, kyoMki merI dRSTi se isa manuSya zarIra kI prApti, aprApti, puNya yA pApa ke udaya se nahIM hotI hai, yaha to paMcabhUtoM kI pariNati kA phala hai / ataH kumAra ! Apako aAkula hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM / prAcArya kI ora kaTAkSa karate hue| jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki priyajanoM kA samAgama anitya hai, vaha bhI akAraNa hai / yataH tumhAre dIkSA dhAraNa karane para bhI yaha sa gama anyathA nahIM ho sakatA hai / Rddhi-sampatti caMcala hai, isakA bhI dIkSA dhAraNa karane se pratikAra nahIM ho sakatA hai, kintu upAyapUrvaka rakSA karane se lakSmI ko sthira banAyA jA sakatA

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216 yaha jo kahA gayA hai ki yauvana kusumasAra -- itra ke samAna sArabhUta hai, isakA bhI gUDhArtha yauvana kA zrAsvAdana karanA hI haiM, niSkramaNa karanA nahIM / kAmadeva paraloka sAdhana meM vighnotpAdaka hai, yaha kathana bhI asaMgata hai, kyoMki paraloka kA astitva hI nahIM hai, anyathA paraloka se zrAkara koI AtmA ko dikhalAye / viSaya vipAka dAruNa haiM, yaha kathana bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / yataH bhojana kA vipAka bhI dAruNa hai, ataeva bhojana kA bhI tyAga karanA cAhie / hiraNa haiM, isalie jo nahIM bote haiM, kathana ke samAna saMsAra kI sthiti hai, para upAya jAnanevAle vyakti ke lie saMsAra meM kucha bhI asaMbhava yA kaThina nahIM hU~ / yaha jo kahA gayA hai ki mRtyu anivArya hai, yaha bhI baccoM kI sI bAta haiM, kyoMki niSkramaNa karane para bhI mRtyu kI anivAryatA kama nahIM hotI hU~ / zramaNa ho jAne para bhI mRtyu zrAyegI / maranA hai, isa bAta ko socakara to koI zmazAna meM nahIM rahane lagegA / paraloka ke na hone para duHkha sevana karane se to sukha prApta nahIM ho jAyagA, kintu sukha sevana karane se hI sukha prApta hogA / yaha satya hai ki jisakA abhyAsa karate haiM, usakI unnati dekhI jAtI haiM, viparyaya nahIM hotA hai / fire ke ukta kathana ko sunakara acAryazrI bole -- "yaha jo Apane kahA hai ki kumAra ko kisIne ThagA hai, isakA uttara yaha haiM ki isa mahAnubhAva ko pUrvajanma meM kI gaI acchI bhAvanAoM ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa karmAvaraNa ke laghu hone se tathA vItarAgI dvArA praNIta zrAgama kA abhyAsa karane se kSapopazama ho gayA hai, jisase tattvajJAna ko svayaM samajhane ke kAraNa inheM virakti ho gayI hai / jo zrApane yaha kahA hai ki paMcabhUtoM se bhinna paralokagAmI jIva nahIM haiM, kintu ina paMcabhUtoM kA hI svAbhAvika rUpa se isa prakAra pariNamana hotA hai, jisase jIva kI utpatti ho jAtI haiM, ina bhUtoM se pRthaka jIva kI koI sattA nahIM hai / yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki ye bhUta to sarvathA acetana haiM, phira inakA isa prakAra kA svAbhAvika pariNamana kisa prakAra saMbhava ha~ ? jisase pratyakSa anubhava meM zrAne vAlI gamana zrAdi kriyAoM kI ceSTA sampanna kriyAzIla cetanA utpanna ho jAya / jo zakti alaga-alaga pratyeka meM nahIM hotI hai, vaha zakti samudAya meM bhI nahIM A sakatI hai / jisa prakAra bAlU ke pratyeka kaNa se tala nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra usake samUha se bhI tela nahIM nikala sakatA hai / yadi ina bhUtoM meM se pratyeka ko cetana mAnate haiM to aneka cetanAoM kA samudAya puruSa hogA aura ekendriyAdi jIvoM ke sAtha ghaTAdi ko bhI jIva mAnanA par3egA / para pratyeka vyakti anubhava karatA hU~ ki ghaTAdi meM cetanA nahIM hai / ataH paMcabhUtoM se bhinna paraloka jAnevAlA cetana jIva haiM / yaha jo kahA gayA hai ki jaba ina bhUtoM kA samudAya vighaTita ho jAtA hai to puruSa mRta kahalAne lagatA hai, yaha bhI kevala vacanamAtra haiM, yataH catanya grAtmA ina bhUtoM se pRthaka anubhava meM prAtI hai / anubhavasiddha cetanA kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai | ghar3e meM banda cir3iyA kI taraha paraloka jAne vAlI zrAtmA nahIM haM / isakA niSedha bhI Upara ke tarkoM se ho jAtA hai, yataH acetana se cetana bhinna haiM / paraloka ke nahIM hone para mithyAbuddhi ke kAraNa svAbhAvika sundara viSaya-sukhoM ko chor3akara zarIra bhinna AtmA ko dikhalAo, yaha kathana bhI bhramAtmaka haiM, yaha kaise siddha hogA ? paraloka kA aftare jaba siddha hai to phira usake prati mithyA prAgraha kyoM kahalAyegA ? pazuoM ke lie bhI sAdhAraNa rUpa se sevanIya, viDambanAmAtra, kevala parizrama karAne vAle, nirvANa ke zatru aura ajJAta rUpa se sukhAbhAsa utpanna karane vAle viSaya kisa prakAra se 1--saM0 0201 /

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217 svAbhAvika sundara ho sakate haiM ? aura inase kyA sukha ho sakatA hU~ ? zrAtmA zarIra se bhinna dikhalAyI nahIM par3atI, isakA uttara yaha hai ki AtmA pratyanta sUkSma, grarUpI aura pratIndriya hai, ataeva dikhalAyI nahIM par3atI hai' 132 1 AcArya vijaya siMha ke uparyukta kathana ko sunakara piMgaka haMsA aura pratyuttara detA huA bolA- 44 bhagavan ! Apane saba asambaddha kahA hai, maiM apane kathana ko siddha karatA hUM, suniye - - Apane kahA hai ki paMcabhUta pracetana hai, inase gamanAdi kI icchA kA kAraNa tathA pratyakSa anubhava meM Ane vAlI zrAtmA kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI hai, jo guNa alagaalaga vastutroM meM nahIM hai, vaha samudAya meM bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai, yathA bAlukA se tela, yaha kathana yuktiyukta nahIM hai / yataH sarvathA kAraNa ke anurUpa hI kArya nahIM hotA 1 kyA sIMga se bANa kI utpatti nahIM dekhI jAtI haiM ? kyA adRzya paramANutroM se utpanna ghaTa dRzya nahIM hotA hai ? ataH bhUtavirodhI kArya cetanA bhI hai / kAraNa se bhinna kArya kI utpatti mAnane para paMcabhUtoM se AtmA kI utpatti mAnane meM kauna-sI prasaMgati zrAtI hai ? jo Apane yaha kahA hai ki inameM se pratyeka cetana hai, ataH aneka cetanA kA samudAya puruSa siddha hogA aura bhUtoM ke ekendriya jIva hone se ghaTAdi bhI cetana ho jAyeMge yaha bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / yataH ina bhUtoM kA itanA sUkSma pariNamana hotA hai, jisase cetanavata kArya dikhalAyI par3atA hai / aisI sthiti meM ghaTAdi ko cetana mAnane kA prasaMga nahIM A sakatA hai| isa kathana ko sunakara prAcArya vijaya siMha ne uttara diyA -- "jo Apa yaha kahate haiM ki kAraNa se kArya ko utpatti vilakSaNa hone se bhUtoM se zrAtmA kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai yathA sIMga se zara kI utpatti / yaha kathana nirAdhAra haiM, yataH sIMga se bANa ko utpatti kAraNa ke anurUpa hI hai / sIMga ke rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, Adi paudgalika guNa zara meM bhI saMkramaNa karate haiM, hAM sIMga kI apekSA zara meM tIkSNatA, ghanatA, snigdhatA Adi guNa vilakSaNa rahate haiM / isa vilakSaNatA ke kAraNa, kAraNa se kArya ko atyanta bhinna nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / adRzya paramANuoM se dRzya ghaTAdi kI utpatti kI bAta kahI gayI haiM, yaha bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai, kyoMki ekAntarUpa se paramANu dRzya nahIM haiM / yogI unheM apane jJAna ke bala se dekhatA hai tathA kArya darzana dvArA anumAna se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / yaha siddhAnta bhUtoM ke dvArA cetanA kI utpatti meM lAgU nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki cetana acetana se bilkula bhinna hai / yadi yaha kaheM ki sattA dharma kA saMkramaNa hotA hai, to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai / jJAnAdi bhAvoM se yukta cetana kI utpatti jar3abhUtoM se mAnanA aniyAmaka hai / " isa uttara ko sunakara piMgaka kahane lagA- "atIndriya jIva zarIra se bhinna haiM, yadi yaha bAta aisI hai -- to merA pitAmaha dAdA madhupiMga aneka prANiyoM kI hiMsA meM zrAsakta thA / Apake siddhAnta ke anusAra vaha niyamataH naraka meM janmA hogA / mere Upara usakA atyanta sneha thA aura vaha mujhe isa loka meM prakaraNIya prAcaraNa se rokatA thA / aba vaha naraka se Akara mujhe dekhatA kyoM nahIM hai ?" 1---saM0 pR0 3 / 203-205 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 3 / 206 / 3. vahI, pR0 3 / 207 / 4---vahI, pRpR 3 / 20 /

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, prAcArya -- "jisa prakAra koI mahAparAdhI rAjA kI kar3I zrAjJA se bAMdhA gayA, aura ghora andhakAra vAle kArAgRha meM banda kiyA gayA, paratantra hone ke kAraNa apane priya vyaktiyoM ko bhI nahIM dekha sakatA hai, phira vaha kisI kA anuzAsana kaise kara sakatA hU~ ? isI prakAra pramAda ke kAraNa mahAparAdha karane vAle tIvratara karmapariNAmoM se gRhIta, pracaNDa nArakiyoM ke dvArA vajramayI zrRMkhalAoM se nibaddha zarIra vAle, tIvra andhakAra yukta naraka ke nivAsI karmaparatantra vahAM se kisa prakAra nikala sakate haiM dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki paryAya badalane se pichalI paryAya ke sambandhiyoM ke sAtha koI vizeSa sambandha jIva kA nahIM rahatA hai ' 1 5" 1 isa prakAra yaha kathopakathana bahuta lambA haiM aura kaI pRSThoM taka calatA hai / yahAM AcArya vijaya siMha aura free ye donoM hI apane-apane varga kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / vijaya siMha prAstikatA utpanna kara samAja meM sadAcAra kA pracAra karate haiM aura piMgaka nAstikatA siddha kara svacchandavAda kA / donoM hI apane-apane varga ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM vArtAlApa zrArambha karate haiM / lagatA yaha hai ki haribhadra ke samaya meM bhI zrAdarza sadAcAravAda aura svacchandatAvAda kA saMgharSa vartamAna thA / zrataH unhoMne isa samasyA ko prAcArya vijaya siMha aura piMgaka ke saMvAda meM upasthita kiyA hai tathA anta meM vijaya siMha kI vijaya dikhalAkara sadAcAravAda kI pratiSThA kI haiM / darzana kA puTa rahane se saMvAda kA kathAtva prAyaH lupta haiM / samarAiccakahA ke anya sabhI zrRMkhalAbaddha kathopakathana saMbhASaNa haiM, jo pAtroM kI manovRttiyoM kA paricaya prakaTa karate haiM / ina lambe prabhibhASaNoM meM kathAnoM kA puTa hai, jisase kathopakathana rocaka hone ke sAtha bhArAcchanna bana gaye haiM / " ekastambha kathA meM prabhayakumAra kA nAgarikoM ke bIca eka lambA bhASaNa haiM / isa bhASaNa meM unhoMne eka kathA upasthita vyaktiyoM ko sunAyI haiM tathA kathA ko pAtroM para unakI sammati lekara cora kA nizcaya kiyA hai / isa kathA meM bIca-bIca meM manoraMjaka aura svAbhAvika kathopakathana bhI zrAye I 218 " unmukta saMvAdoM ko do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai --goSThI saMvAda aura zrApasI vArtA 1 goSThI saMvAda do se adhika mitroM yA anya sambandhiyoM ke bIca ghaTita hote haiM / haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoMoM meM goSThI saMvAda mUlataH tIna prakAra ke prAye haiM- (1) mitragoSThI, (2) dhUrta goSThI, aura (3) rAjasabhA saMvAda / mitragoSThI saMvAda mitroM aura sakhiyoM ke bIca sampanna hue haiM / nimnAMkita mitragoSThI saMvAda ullekhya haiM --- (1) priyaMkarA, madanalekhA prabhRti sakhiyoM aura kusumAvalI kA saMvAda' (2) vasubhUti zrAdi mitroM aura sanatkumAra kA saMvAda / 1 --saM. pR03 / 208 / 20-30 hA0 gA0 62, pR061 / 3- saM0 10, pR0 11 2082 / 4 - vahI pR0 360 / !

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(3) citramati, bhUSaNa aura kumAra guNacandra kA saMvAda / (4) azoka kumAra, kAmAMkura aura lalitAMga tathA kumAra samarAditya kA saMvAda / (5) cAra mitroM ke vArtAlApa 1 ina pramukha saMvAdoM ke atirikta mitragoSThI ke aura bhI choTe-choTe vArtAlApa haiM, kintu kathA ke vikAsa meM unakA koI mahatva nahIM hai / dhUrtagoSThI sambandhI nimna saMvAda haiM :-- (1) mUladeva, kaMDarIka, elASAr3ha, zaza aura khaNDapAnA ke vArtAlApa / (2) grAmINa aura dhurto kA vArttAlApa / 219 rAjasabhA saMvAda se tAtparya una vArtAlApoM se haiM, jo rAjasabhA ke bIca meM rAjA zrAmAtya, rAjA sAmanta, rAjA-pratihArI, rAjA purohita athavA anya kisI rAjakarmacArI se rAjA ke sAtha sampanna hue haiM / ina saMvAdoM se tatkAlIna rAjya vyavasthA, prajA kI dhArmika sthiti evaM sAmantoM kI manovRttiyoM kA vizeSataH paricaya prApta hotA hai / aba goSThI saMvAdoM ke kucha udAharaNa prastuta kara saMvAdoM kI svAbhAvikatA, vAgvidagdhatA evaM kAryavyApAra kI gatizIlatA para prakAza DAlA jAyagA / siMha kumAra ke adbhuta rUpa-saundarya ko dekhakara kusumAvalI prema-vihavala ho jAtI haiM, para vaha pratyakSa rUpa meM apane prema kI pIra ko chipAtI huI asvastha hone kA svAMga bharatI hai / sakhiyAM paricaryA ke lie padhAratI haiM aura vArtAlApa prArambha ho jAtA hai / madanale khA -"svAminI ! kyoM Apa isa taraha se udvigna dikhalAI par3a rahI haiM ? prApane guru-jana aura devatAoMoM kI pUjA kyoM nahIM kI hai ? sakhiyoM kA sammAna kyoM nahIM karatI haiM ? gurujanoM ko santuSTa kyoM nahIM karatIM ? parivAra kA vinaya kyoM nahIM kara rahI haiM ? arari ko dAna kyoM nahIM diyA ha~ ? prApakI zArIrika zrAvazyaka. tAoM kI pUti kyoM nahIM ho rahI hai ? yadi kucha rahasya na ho to batalAne kI kRpA kIjie / " -- -- aasterpUrvaka apane ko saMbhAlatI huI kusumAvalI "kyA priya sakhi se bhI koI bAta akathanIya hotI hai ? puSpacayana karane ke kAraNa parizrama hone se jvara ho gayA hai aura isI ke kAraNa santApAgni pIr3ita kara rahI hai / isI kAraNa zarIra vedanA hai, anya koI udvega kA kAraNa nahIM hai " / madanalekhA -- "yadi yahI bAta hai to karpUra boTikA ko grahaNa karo, maiM krIr3A se parizrAnta tumhAre zarIra kI havA karatI huuN|" kusumAvalI--" isa avasthA ko prApta huI mujhe karpUra bITikA ko grahaNa karane se koI lAbha nahIM hogA, ataH havA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / calo isa bAlakadalI gRha meM, vahAM mere lie eka sundara mRdula pallavazayyA taMyyAra karo, isase merA saMtApa dUra ho jAyagA / " 1- saM0sa0, pR0 740, 744-45 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 865 / 3-30 hA0, pR0 214 / 4 takhyAna /

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bAlakadalI gRha meM jAne para kusu mAvalI ke hAdika bhAvoM se avagata hokara madanale khA cAturyapUrvaka pUchatI haiM -- "svAminI ! taruNa vyaktiyoM ke hRdaya ko udvelita karane vAle isa vasanta samaya meM krIr3A sundara udyAna ko jAte hue tumane kucha Azcarya dekhA thA ?" rahasya ko batalAne kI icchA na hone para bhI kusumAvalI kahane lagI-- "priya sakhi ! krIDA sundara udyAna meM rati rahita kAmadeva ke samAna, rohiNI se rahita candramA ke samAna, madirA se rahita baladeva ke samAna, indrANI rahita indra ke samAna . . . . lAvaNya ke liye lAvaNya ke samAna, * * * 'manorathoM ke lie manoratha ke samAna mahArAja putra siha kumAra dekhA thaa|" isa prakAra sakhiyoM ke bIca vArtAlApa hotA hai / isa kathopakathana se kusumAvalI ko premavihvala avasthA kA pUrA paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai / yaha mUlabhUta saMgharSa se udaya hokara kArya vyApAra ko vikasita karane meM atyadhika sahAyaka hotA hai / sanatkumAra mitroM ke sAtha vasantotsava ke avasara para tAmralipti ke tilaka svarUpa anaMga nandana nAma ke udyAna meM krIr3A karane ke lie prasthita huA / rAjapatha para prAta hI nagarAdhipati IzAnacandra kI putrI vilAsavatI ne vAtAyana se use dekhA / prema vibhora ho usane bakulapuSpoM kI mAlA Upara se hI sanatkumAra ke gale meM girA dii| pahalI najara meM hI ve donoM prema se pAhata ho cuke the / sanatkumAra sandhyA samaya udyAna se nagara meM calA AyA, rAtri meM use komala zayyA para bhI nidrA nahIM paayii| hRdaya meM avyakta vedanA hone lagI aura mastiSka rAtri meM kumAra kA mukha zrIhIna ho gayA aura vaha varSoM se asvastha rahA ho, aisA dikhalAyI par3ane lagA / prAtaH vasubhUti prabhRti mitra prAya, tAmbala vitaraNa ke anantara sabhI milakara punaH krIr3Artha usI udyAna meM gaye / kumAra ke madana vikAra ko avagata kara vasubhUti kahane lagA "mitra ! aAja tuma divasacandra ke samAna vicchAya--kAntihIna kyoM dIkha par3ate ho, dhyAnAvasthita muni ke samAna kSaNabhara meM akhila ceSTAnoM ko roka dete ho, aura isake pazcAt lAbhopalabdha jugAr3I kI taraha paritoSa prApta karate ho"| sanatkumAra--"mitra merI samajha meM bhI kucha nahIM pA rahA hai, meM svayaM apane lie pahelI bana gayA hUM" / vasubhUti--"maiM ApakI bAtoM ko jAna gayA huuN|'' kumAra--"are bhaI ! batAyo bhI kyA jAnate ho / ' vasubhUti--"bakulapuSpa kI mAlA ke vyAja se rAjadArikA ne tuma para gurutara bhAra de diyA hai, usake kaTAkSa ke vyAja se tuma kAma bANa se viddha ho cuke ho| yaha vikAra tajjanita hI hai, anyathA yaha tumhArA makha pIlA kyoM par3a jAtA ? nidrA na pAne se tumhArI prAMkha lAla ho rahI hai| acchA santApa mata karo, vaha bhI tumase prema karatI hai| maine vilAsavatI ko dhAtrI anaMga sundarI ke sAtha samparka sthApita kiyA hai| kucha hI dinoM meM sArI bAteM spaSTa ho jaayNgii|" kucha dina ke uparAnta vasubhUti ne kahA--"mitra viSAda chor3o, vizeSa harSa aMgIkAra karo, tumhArA sabhI hitA sampanna ho gayA hai|" sanatkumAra--" mitra kisa prakAra ?"

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221 vasubhUti - - " zrAja meM anaMga sundarI ke ghara gayA thA / ko dekha maiMne usase pUchA -- sundari ! tumhAre udvega akathanIya na ho to kaho, " / usane kahA- 16 " ekAnta sarala hRdaya se kaise kahA jA sakatA hai, jahAM Adarzagata pratibimba ke samAna duHkha saMkrAnta nahIM hotA" / maine kahA- "sundari ! isa saMsAra meM virale guNajJa haiM, virale lalita kAvya kA praNayana karate haiM, virale parizramI nirdhana hote haiM tathA virale dUsare ke duHkha se duHkhI hote haiM / itanA saba hone para bhI maiM tumhArA manoratha pUrNa karane kI ceSTA karUMgA / " usane kahA yadi aisI bAta hai to suno--"mahArAja kI eka putrI vilAsavatI nAma kI hai, vaha bhinna zarIra hotI huI bhI merI zrAtmA ke samAna haiM, svAminI hotI huI bhI sakhI ke samAna hai / vaha pUrNa yuvatI haiN|" isapara maiMne kahA -- " sura-asuroM ko jItane vAle, rati ke mana ko prAnandita karane vAle, usa kusuma sAyaka ke zAsana ko kisa vItarAgI ne bhaMga kiyA hai ?" vaha bolI- yaha to maiM nahIM jAnatI ki kisI ne bhaMga kiyA hai yA nahIM, para itanA satya hai ki usake manoratha ko pUrNa karane kA abhI mArga mujhe nahIM dikhalAI par3A hai usane apanI bAta ko Age bar3hAte hue kahA- "madana ke madhura mahotsavArambha meM nagara ke ullAsapUrNa vAtAvaraNa ke ho jAne para gIta gAne vAlI sakhiyoM se avagata huA ki usane mUrtimAna kusumAyudhaM ke sadRzya kisI yuvaka ko dekhA hai / isakI abhilASA ucita sthala meM hI jAgRta huI hai| paMkajazrI zamIvana kI kAmanA nahIM krtii| usane apane hAthoM se banAyI bakula puSpamAlikA ko usake gale meM pahanA diyA hai| vaha bhI jana sampAta ke bhaya se usa mAlA ko lekara cupa-cApa calA gayA hai / vilAsavatI usI samaya se lekara manmatha dvArA azakta banA dI gayI hai / maiMne svAminI ko AzvAsana diyA hai / punaH rAjamArga kI ora dekhatI huI mUchita ho gayI hai / " "" Aja vaha malina mukhakamala anaMga sundarI kA kAraNa kyA hai ? yadi vasubhUti ke ukta vArttAlApa ko sunakara sanatkumAra bolA -- " mitra ! vaha hRdaya ko zrAnanda dene vAlI kahAM hai ? dikhalAo mujhe, usake binA yaha jIvana vyartha hai / " isa prakAra mitroM ke uparyukta vArtAlApa dvArA unakI prema vibhora sthitiyoM kA bahuta hI svAbhAvika citraNa huA hai / ina vArtAlApoM meM kRtrimatA kI gandha nahIM hai / ina kathopakathanoM se aisA nahIM lagatA ki ye kalpita pAtroM ke bIca ho rahe haiM / mitra goSThI meM praznottara ke rUpa meM citramati, bhUSaNa, vizAla buddhi aura kumAra guNacandra ke bIca jo vArtAlApa huA hai, vaha buddhi camatkAra ke sAtha "aSTamabhava" ke nAyaka kumAra guNacandra ke caritra para prakAza DAlatA hai / isa prakAra ke manoraMjaka praznottara rUpa vArttAlApa ko udAharaNArtha prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| citramati - "kAminiyAM kyA detI haiM ? zivajI ko kauna praNAma karatA hai ? sAMpa kyA karate haiM ? kiraNoM se candramA kise prakAzita karatA hai ?" kamAra gaNacandra ------ -" 'nahaMgaNAbhoga' - - naha - nakha, guNA bhogaM bhogam / nakha - nakhakSata ko kAminiyAM detI haiM, gaNa-pramathAdi gaNa ziva ko praNAma karate haiM / sarpa bhoga-phaNavitAna karate haiM aura candramA kiraNoM se prakAza rUpI prAMgana ke vistAra ko prakAzita karatA hai / " vizAla buddhi-- " ratha kA kauna aMga uttama hotA hai ? buddhi ke prasAda se kauna manuSya jIvita hai ? bAlA kyA karatI huI nUpura dhvani ko prakAzita karatI haiM ?" 1 - sa0, pR0 744 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 744 /

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222 thor3A haMsakara kumAra ne kahA - " 'cakkamantI' -- cakra, mantrI, cakramANa ratha ke avayayoM meM -pahiyA uttama hai, buddhi ke prasAda se maMtrI jIvita rahatA hai aura cakramaNa - nRtya karatI yA adhika calatI huI bAlA nUpura dhvani karatI haiM / " vakra bhUSaNa -- "kyA pIte haiM ? kamala kA kauna-sA bhAga pahale grahaNa karate haiM ? vairI ko kyA dete haiM ? nayI badhU kA rata kaisA hotA hai ? upadhA svara meM mukha yA vAkya kaisA hotA hai ? paraloka meM kyA dete haiM ? vAnara-hanumAna ne kise jalAyA thA ? badhU kisako gamana karatI hai ? kaise amRta maMthana meM dasoM dizAoM meM devAsura loga bhAga gaye ? trailokya cAhatA hU~ ? yuvatiyAM apane mukha ko kisa prakAra sarvadA dikhalAtI haiM ?" kumAra guNacandra - - " 'kaSNAlaMkAramaNaharaM savisesaM' kaM, nAlaM, kAra, manoharaM, savizeSam, kanyA, laMkA, ramaNagRha, saviSe amRta mathane zaM, alaMkAramanoharaM savizeSam - jala ko pIte haiM / pahale kamala ke nAla ko grahaNa karate haiM ? ripu ko tiraskAra denA cAhiye, nava badha kA rata sumanohara hotA hai, upadhA svara meM mukha- vAkya savizeSa hotA haiM, paraloka meM kanyAdAna dete haiM, hanumAna ne laMkA jalAyI, badhU patigRha ko gamana karatI haiM, viSayukta amRta mana. devAsura loga daso dizAoM meM bhAga gaye, triloka sukha cAhatA hai aura yuvatiyAM sarvadA apane mukha ko vizeSa manohara dikhalAtI haiM / " * isa prakAra ukta mitra goSThI meM praznottara aura pahelikAnoM ke rUpa meM vArtAlApa sampanna huA hai / isa kathopakathana meM buddhi kA vyAyAma to hai hI, sAtha hI aneka viSayoM kI jAnakArI nihita haiM / " aSTamabhava" kI kathAvastu ko agrasara karane meM isa vArtAlApa kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / "samarAiccakahA" ke "navamabhava" meM prazoka, kAmAMkura, lalitAMga aura kumAra samarAditya kI eka mitra goSThI AtI hai / isa goSThI ke mitra manohara gIta gAte haiM, gAthAeM par3hate haiM, vINA bajAte haiM, nATakoM kI prazaMsA karate haiM, kAmazAstra ke gahana viSayoM para carcA karate haiM, citra dikhalAte haiM, sArasa pakSiyoM, cakavoM evaM kAminiyoM kI carcA karate haiM / ye jalAzayoM meM jAkara jalakrIr3A karate haiM, puSpavATikAoM meM paribhramaNa karate haiM, maloM para jhUlate haiM aura puSpoM kI zayyA sajAte haiM / isa goSThI ke mitroM ke vArtAlApa kAmazAstra, arthazAstra evaM anya laukika kalA-kauzaloM ke saMbaMdha meM sampanna hote haiM / kumAra samarAditya se laukika aura pAramArthika viSayoM para carcAeM, vivAda evaM vArtAeM hotI haiM / isa mitra goSThI ke saMvAda bahuta ho kalApUrNa haiM / inase kathAvastu ke vikAsa meM pUrA sahayoga prApta hotA hai / mitra goSThiyoM ke atirikta haribhadra ke samaya meM dhUrta goSThiyAM bhI hotI thiiN| ina goSTiyoM ke vArttAlApa hAsya aura vyaMgya se paripUrNa haiM / jIvana kI zrAnti aura klAnti ko dUra karane meM ye vArtAlApa sahAyaka siddha ho sakate haiM / dhUrttAkhyAna meM pAMca dhUrto ke sundara vyaMgyapUrNa saMvAda zrAye haiN| udAharaNArtha do-eka kathopakathana uddhRta kiye jAte haiM / khaNDapAnA--" eka samaya RtusnAna kara meM maMDapa meM soI huI thI, to pavana ne mujhase saMbhoga kiyaa| isake phalasvarUpa mujhe putra utpanna huA aura vaha mujhase usI kSaNa zrAjJA lekara kahIM calA gyaa|" mUladeva -- "mahAbhArata ke anusAra pavana ne kuntI se sambhoga kiyA, jisase bhIma paidA huA thA / isI taraha pavana dvArA bhoga kiye jAne para aMjanA ne hanumAna ko janma diyA thA / ataH tumhAre bhI pavana sambhoga dvArA putra honA satya hai / " ? sa, pR0 745 /

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223 khaNDapAnA--' -" eka bAra merI sakhI umA ne deva-dAnava sabhI ko AkarSita karane kI mujhe vidyA dI / usase maiMne sUrya ko AkarSita kiyA aura usake sambhoga se mere eka mahAbalavaMta putra paidA huA, jisa sUrya kA pracaMDa teja isa pRthvI ko hI tapA rahA hai, usake sAtha sambhoga karane para bhI maiM jIvita kaise rahI ? jala kara mara kyoM na gayI ?" nahIM jalI, to tU kaise jalakara kaNDarIka --- " jaba kuntI sUrya ke sAtha sambhoga karake mara jAtI ?" 44. khaNDapAnA--' maiM bhI apanA strI rUpa dhAraNa kara ghara lauTa aaii| mere pitA nadI taTa para vastra le jAne ke zakaTa ko lauTA lAne ke liye gye| una zakaToM ko rassoM aura bailoM ko zRgAloM aura kuttoM ne khA DAlA thA / isaliye mere pitA cUhe kI eka pUMcha kahIM se khojakara lAye / zrApaloga batalAiye ki yaha satya hai ki asatya ?' zaza -- - " cUhe kI pUMcha kA itanA bar3A honA pUrNatayA vizvasanIya hai, kyoMki purANoM ke anusAra ziva-liMga Adi-antahIna lambA thA aura hanumAna kI pUMcha bhI itanI hI lambI thI ki vaha laMkA ke cAroM ora lapeTI jA sakI aura usa para kapar3e bAMdha kara aura una para tela DAlakara Aga lagA dI gayI / isaliye cUhe kI pUMcha kI lambAI meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / " dhUrttAkhyAna ke pAMcoM hI prAkhyAna vArttAlApa dvArA hI vikasita hote haiM / ina kathopakathanoM meM dhUttoM ke svabhAva, guNa, hRdaya zrAdi kA manovaijJAnika citraNa huA hai / bhole-bhAle grAmINoM ko dhUrta kisa prakAra cakamA dekara Thaga lete haiM aura dhUrtatApUrNa apane vAgjAla meM ulajhAkara apanA svArtha siddha karate haiM, yaha grAmINa aura dhUrtoM ke vArtAlApa se spaSTa hai / grAmINa gAr3IvAna meM bhI dhUrttagoSThI ke vArttAlApa aura kAryoM kA nidarzana vidyamAna hai / zrApasI vArttAlApa pati-patnI, pitA-putra, bhAI-bhAI, guru-ziSya, mitra-mitra, premI-premikA, putra mAtA, nAyikA kI sakhI aura nAyaka Adi ke bIca hue haiN| ina vArtAlApoM se kathA vikAsa meM to sahAyatA milI hI hai, para pAtroM ke caritra citraNa meM adbhuta saphalatA prApta huI hai / ApasI vArtAlApoM meM nimnAMkita vArttAlApa pradhAna haiM :-- bhaga0 (1) agnizarmA aura tApasa (2) guNasena aura tApasa kumAra ( 3 ) kumAra aura agnizarmA (4) agnizarmA aura tapasvI (5) kumAra guNasena zraura kulapati (6) somadeva aura agnizarmA (7) priyaMkarA aura kusumAvalI (8) mAtA aura kusumAvalI (e) zuka aura lIlArati (10) somadeva aura zikhi kumAra (11) zikhi kumAra aura jAlinI (12) dhana aura dhanazrI saM0 sa0 pu0 13 / saM0 sa0 pR0 17 / saM0 sa0 pR0 18, 16, 30 / saM0 sa0 pR0 22, 35 / saM0 sa0 pR0 25 / saM0 sa0 pR0 36 / saM0 sa0 pR0 80 / saM0 sa0 pR0 81 / saM0 sa0 pR0 saM0 sa0 pR0 saM0 sa0 pR0 saM0 sa0 pR0 108 // 225 / 228 / 241 /

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(13) dhana aura nandana (14) dhana aura mahezvara (15) mahezvara aura dhanazrI (16) cANDAla aura dhana ( 17 ) sanatkumAra aura anaMgavatI rAnI (18) vinayandhara aura sanatkumAra ( 19 ) jayakumAra aura vilAsavatI . (20) citrAMgada aura jayakumAra (21) dharaNa aura devanandI (22) dharaNa aura mauryacANDAla ( 23 ) dharaNa aura kAlasena (24) suvadana aura lakSmI (25) zra eSThI aura dharaNa (26) zAntimatI aura munikumAra (27) bhikSu aura zramaNopAsaka (28) zreNika aura abhaya kumAra (26) do daridra bhAiyoM kA vArtAlApa (30) suprabhA aura nagara rakSaka deva (31) cANakya aura ke sika (32) maladeva aura vaNika putra ( 33 ) kSullaka aura vRddha tapasvI (34) vaNikputra aura usakI patnI (35) parivrAjaka aura rAjA ( 36 ) culaNI aura dIrgharAja ( 37 ) mUladeva aura devadattA (38) mUladeva aura pracala ( 36 ) rohaka aura usako vimAtA (40) rohaka aura jitazatru ( 41 ) rAjA aura maMtrI (42) damaka aura purohita (43) do sahAdhyAyiyoM kA vArtAlApa (44) nanda aura sundarI (45) gAlava aura AMgirasa 224 saM0 sa0 pR0 240 / saMsa0 pR0 245 - 246 / saM0 sa0 pR0 255-256 / saM0 sa0 pR0 262-263 / saM0 sa0pU0 384 / saM0 sa0 pR0 366 / saM0 sa0 pR0 410 -- 426, 431, 432 / saM0 sa0 pR0 476 / saM0 sa0 pR0 466 / saM0 sa0 pR0 524 -- 526 / saM0 sa0 pR0 534- 535 / saM0 sa0 pR0 saM0 sa0 pR0 612 / saM0 sa0 pR0 664-665 / da0 hA0 pR0 106 da0 hA0 pR0 81 / da0 hA0 pR0 70 / 60 hA0 pR0 62 / da0 hA0 pR0 104 / da0 hA0 pR0 114 / da0 hA0 pR0 550 / 175 / da0 hA0 pR0 182 / da0 hA0 pR0 210-211 / upa0 gA0 6 upa0 gA0 11, pR0 23 / upa0 gA0 pR0 23 / upa0 gA0 52, pR0 48 / upa0 gAo 54-66, 10 46--53 / upa0 gA0 64, pR0 65 / upa0 gA0, 66, pR0 67 / upa0 gA0 107, pR0 72 / upa0 gA0 30-34, pR0 40 // 378-382, upa0 gA0 10 222 /

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(46) mahAbala aura citrakAra .. upa0 gA0 362--36 // pR0 217 / (47) jitazatru aura naimittika .. upa0 gA0 330--336 / (48) maMtrI aura naimittika upa0 gaa0334--336| (46) jinadharma aura sUpakAra upa0 gA0 506--510 / (50) kamalasenA aura sudarzana upa0 gA0 526--230 / (51) zrImatI aura somA upa0 gA0 550--567 / uparyukta kathopakathanoM meM se do-cAra kathopakathana kA vizleSaNa kara prAcArya haribhadra sUri kI kalA kI mahattA sUcita kI jaaygii| ___ kulapati ke Azrama meM agnizarmA ke pahuMcane para unhoMne agnizarmA kA svAgata kiyA aura pUchA--"Apa kahAM se Aye hai ? agnizarmA ne apanI AtmakathA nivedita kii|" ___ tApasa--"vatsa ! pUrvakRta karmoM ke vipAka se hI prANiyoM ko kaSTa sahana karanA par3atA hai / ataH rAjAoM ke dvArA kiye gaye apamAna kI pIr3A, dAridyaduHkha kA paritApa, kurUpatA janya kalaMka evaM viyogAdi janya vyathA Adi ko dUra karane vAlA aura zAnti dene vAlA yaha Azrama hI hai / kusaMgati se utpanna duHkha, logoM ke apamAna aura durgati, patana Adi kaSToM ko vanavAsI nahIM prApta karate haiN|" agnizarmA--"bhagavan ! ApakA kathana yathArtha hai| Apa mere Upara prasanna haiN| aura mujhe dIkSA ke yogya samajhate haiM, to sanyAsa dene ko kRpA kojiye|" ____ isa vArtAlApa se agnizarmA kI AtmaglAni aura tApasI kI ziSya mur3ane vAlI pravRtti para sundara prabhAva par3atA hai / yathArthavAdI dRSTikoNa se yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki agnizarmA apamAna ke bhaya se palAyanavAdI manovRtti se AkrAnta hai / usake ahaMbhAva ko yathArtha jagat meM puSTa hone kA avasara nahIM hai, ataH vaha kAlpanika jagat meM apane "ahaM" ko caritArtha karatA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki prArambha meM hI kaThora vrata dhAraNa kara letA hai| zikhikumAra aura jAlinI ke bIca meM hue vArtAlApa se nArI kI mAyAcaritA kA to patA lagatA hI hai, sAtha hI sAdhu aura asAdhu ke caritra kI spaSTa jhAMkI mila jAtI hai / jAlinI, zikhikumAra kI mAM hai, yaha pUrva saMskAra ke kAraNa zikhikumAra ko viSa prayoga Adi ke dvArA mAra DAlanA cAhatI hai / vaha apanA vizvAsa utpanna karane ke liye vrata grahaNa karatI hai / yaha vArtAlApa bhI prabhAvotpAdaka hai / nArI jisa vyakti se vAsanAmaya prema karatI hai, use prApta karane kI pUrI ceSTA karatI hai / apane anucita prema kA ThukarAyA jAnA bhI ise pasanda nahIM hai / jo usake anucita prema-prastAva ko ThukarA detA hai, vaha usake prANoM kI grAhikA bana jAtI hai / chala-kapaTa kA jAla racane meM vaha bar3e-bar3e rAjanItijJoM ko bhI mAta kara detI hai / usako isa buddhi ke samakSa brahmA, viSNu, vRhaspati Adi bhI parAsta ho jAte haiN| rAnI anaMgavatI sanatkamAra ke samakSa apanA anacita prema-prastAva rakhatI hai| vivekI sanatkamAra usa prastAva se sahamata nahIM hotA / rAnI kumAra ke cale jAne para apanA raudra veSa banAtI hai aura mahArAja IzAnacandra ke samakSa kumAra ko aparAdhI siddha karatI hai / haribhadra ne sanatkumAra aura mahArAnI anaMgavatI ke bIca sundara aura svAbhAvika vArtAlApa 15--22 eDu.

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226 karAyA hai / isa vArtAlApa ne kathAvastu ko to mor3A hI hai, sAtha hI nara jAti, jisakA pratinidhitva sanatkumAra karatA hai aura nArI jAti, jisakA pratinidhitva anaMgavatI karatI hai| kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa upasthita kiyA hai / Aja bhI samAja meM anaMgavatiyoM kI kamI yada hI mila skegaa| haribhadra sari saMvAdatatva ke marmajJa hai, ukta saMvAda mana ko kitane paratoM kA udghATana karatA hai, yaha paThanIya hai| anaMgavatI--"asphuTa svara meM, kumAra maiM tumhArI zaraNAgatA hUM, rakSA kro|" kumAra--"mAM ! kisa bAta kA bhaya hai ?" anaMgavatI kaTAkSa karate hue--"kAmadeva se| jabase maine bhavana se udyAna kI ora jAte hue dekhA thA, usa samaya se pAMcabANavAlA kAmadeva dasa koTi bANa sahita praviSTa ho gayA hai / ataH maine apanA hRdaya usI samaya se samarpita kara diyA hai / Na se viddha mere hadaya ko zrApa hI niHzastra banA sakate haiN| saMsAra meM ve hI satpuruSa hai, jo dUsaroM kI prArthanA svIkAra karate haiN| jo dInoM kA uddhAra, anya vyaktiyoM ke manorathoM kI pUtti aura zaraNAgata kI rakSA karane meM saMlagna haiM, ve hI saMsAra meM utkRSTa vyakti haiN| ataH Apa kAmadeva se merI rakSA kIjiye / " ___ ukta prastAva se marmAhata hokara rAjakumAra ne kahA-"mAM ! ubhayaloka viruddha asabhya AcaraNa karane vAle isa nIca saMkalpa ko chor3iye / apane kula kI pavitratA kA vicAra kIjiye / mahArAja ke utkRSTa guNoM kI apekSA kIjiye / ApakA yaha anargala prastAva naraka gati kA kAraNa hai| kAmadeva mAnasika saMkalpoM ke tyAga ke binA vaza meM nahIM ho sakatA hai| caraNa vandanA ke atirikta anya prakAra se tamhAre zarIra kA upayoga mujhase nahIM hogaa| ve puruSa bhI zaktizAlI haiM, jo dharma nahIM chor3ate, zIlakhaNDita nahIM karate, AcaraNa kA ullaMghana nahIM karate, nindita karma nahIM karate aura anucita kAryoM meM moha utpanna nahIM karate / anaMga kA parirakSaNa bhI viveka se hI saMbhava hai / maiM tumhArA priya hUM, to kSaNika sukha ko bahuta mAnakara mujhe dhadhakate jvAlamAlAkulita bhISaNa naraka meM kyoM girAtI haiM ?" __lajjA se avanata anaMgavatI--"sAdhu kumAra sAdhu, tumhArA yaha viveka ucita hai / maine to haMsI meM aisA kahA thA, "paramArthataH nhiiN|" __kumAra ke jAne ke pazcAt mahArAnI anaMgavatI ne apanA raudra veSa banAyA, kRtrima nakha-kSata aura dantakSata ke cihna banAye tathA mahArAja ke prAne para kumAra ke dvArA durAcAra sampanna karane kI asaphala ceSTA kA digdarzana kiyaa| isa prakAra saMvAdoM dvArA haribhadra ne vIra, zrRMgAra aura zAMta ina tInoM rasoM kI bar3I sundara abhivyaMjanA kI hai / inameM anekarUpatA, bhASA evaM zailiyoM ko bhinnatA, unakA saMgaThana Adi mahatvapUrNa hai| choTe-choTe kathopakathanoM meM nATakIyatA kA samAveza huA hai / pravAha itanA adhika hai ki pAThaka kI kutUhalavRtti nirantara jAgrata rahatI hai| kathA kI gati meM bAdhA dene vAlA eka bhI vArtAlApa nahIM hai / yuvaka-yuvatiyoM ke prema ke prArambha ko citropamatA dI gayI hai aura pratyeka bAta ko itano spaSTatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisase siddhAMtoM kI abhivyaMjanA bhI hotI gayI hai| ___manuSyoM ke vArtAlApoM ke atirikta pazu-pakSiyoM ke vArtAlApa bhI haribhadra ne aMkita kiye haiN| zuka aura rati vega kA saMvAda, caNDakauzika aura mahAvIra kA sambodhana savAda, zRMgAla aura siMha-vyAghra prAdi ke saMvAda ullekhya hai| nimnAMkita udAharaNa se pazuoM ke vArtAlApa ko haribhadra ne kitane svAbhAvika rUpa se upasthita kiyA hai, yaha avagata kiyA jA skegaa| zRMgAla ko sAmane bekhakara siMha bolA--"bhAnaje ! yahAM kahAM ho?"

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237 zRMgAla - "mAtula, yahAM para ghUmate hue A gayA / " siMha -- " isa hAthI ko kisane mArA hai ?" zRMgAla -- "vyAghra ne / " siMha yaha socakara ki choTe vyakti ke dvArA mAre gaye zikAra ko kyA khAnA hai, mRta hAthI ko chor3akara calA gyaa| isI bIca vyAghra zrAyA / vyAghra -- "hAthI ko kisane mArA hai ?" zrRMgAla -- " sarakAra / isa hAthI kA zikAra siMha ne kiyA hai liye calA gayA hai aura mujhe yahAM isakI rakSA ke liye chor3a gayA hai / "" / 1 vyAghra siMha kI bAta sunakara --bar3e kA sAmanA kauna kare, calatA banA / isa prakAra ke vArtAlApa kathA ko rocaka to banAte hI haiM, ghaTanAoM meM camatkAra bhI utpanna karate haiM / ApasI vArtAoM ke atirikta svagata bhASaNoM kI yojanA bhI haribhadra ne kI hai / prAyaH pratyeka pAtra kisI vizeSa sthiti meM par3a cintana karatA hai, kucha kahatA hai aura apane mana tathA vicAradhArA kA paricaya upasthita kara detA hai / kahIM-kahIM yaha cintana mana ke bhItara hI raha jAtA hai, para lekhaka usa cintana kI spaSTa jhalaka upasthita kara detA hai / pAtroM ke caritroM aura saMvedanAoM kA svagata cintanoM meM spaSTa svarUpa upalabdha hotA hai / adhikAMza cintana prema, viraha, saMsAra kI vastusthiti evaM dharma ke svarUpa vizleSaNa ke avasara para utpanna hue haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki ajagara dvArA sAMpa, kurara pakSI kA bhakSaNa karate samaya siMhakamAra, basantapura se lauTate samaya guNasena,' maMgalaka ke churI mArane para samadradatta, sanatkumAra ke rUpa yauvana ko dekhakara jayakumAra, prabhRti pAtroM ke zrAtmagata cintana kathA sthApatya kI dRSTi se bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa haiM / kathA ke upakaraNoM meM ina svagata cintanoM kA bhI sthAna hai / 2. zIlasthApatya yA caritra-citraNa kathAvastu ke uparAnta kathAtroM kA pramukha tattva caritra citraNa hai / yaha satya hai ki kathAvastu ke vikAsa meM pAtroM kA caritra hI vizeSa rUpa se sahAyaka hotA hai / kathA ke bhavana nirmANa meM yadi ghaTanAeM IToM kA kAma detI haiM, to pAtra una IMToM ko jor3ane vAle sImeMTa haiM / pratyeka kathA meM caritra citraNa ke dvArA hI kathAkAra apane vicAroM aura siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai / pAtroM ko vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM rakhakara hI jIvana ke saMgharSa ko dikhalAne meM kathAkAra saphalatA prApta karatA hai / ataeva yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki caritra-citraNa karane meM vahI kathAkAra saphalatA prApta kara sakatA hai, jo vibhinna varga ke pAtroM kI sthitiyoM kA avalokana kara unheM apanI kathAkRti meM usI rUpa meM dikhalAne meM samartha ho sake / 1- da0 hA0 pR0 217 / 2 -- bhaga0 saM0 sa0 pR0 150 / 3 - vahI, pR0 43 / 4 -- vahI, pR0 186 | 5 - vahI, pa0 366 // vaha pAnI pIne ke

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228 aft yA zola ke saMbaMdha meM arastU kA abhimata haiM ki "cAritrya use kahate haiM, jo kisI vyakti kI ruci - viruci kA pradarzana karatA huA naitika prayojana ko vyakta kare" " / isase spaSTa hai ki caritra hI pAtroM kI bhadratA abhadratA kA dyotana karatA hai / pro0 jagadIza pANDeya ne zIla kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai -- "vyakti kA zIla AdhArataH manuSya kI hRdayAvasthA kA vaha mAnacitra hai, jisakA nirmANa eka pratiSThA nahIM, pratikSaNa caMcala atikrama haiM / yadi jJAna se manuSya ke zIla kA sIdhA yA ulaTA lagAva nahIM to korI zArIrika kriyA kA bhI zIla se koI aTUTa yA anyonyAzrita sambandha nahIM hai / jahAM hAva ke pIche bhAva nahIM, vahAM zIla nahIM / kriyA mAtra zIla nahIM hai jabataka pratikriyA na ho" / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne zIla kA vivecana karate hue likhA hai ki-- "zIla hRdaya kI vaha sthAyI sthiti haiM, jo sadAcAra kI preraNA Apase prApa karatI hai" / ataeva spaSTa hai ki zIla sthApatya ke dvArA hI mAnavIya manovega, bhAvAveza, vicAra, bhAvanA, uddezya aura prayojana Adi kA sUkSma se sUkSma zrAkalana sambhava hotA haiM / yataH kathA sAhitya kA mUlAdhAra caritra citraNa hI haiM / kathopakathana ghaTanAoM se bhI adhika caritra ko hI vyaMjita aura prakAzita karate haiM / kathA kI ghaTanAeM to prAyaH pAtroM ke svabhAva aura prakRti se hI prasUta hotI haiM, para usake vAtAvaraNa aura dezakAla kA nirmANa caritra ko mahattA dene ke liye hotA hai / prataH kathAkRtiyoM meM caritra sthApatya kA utkarSa rahanA paramAvazyaka hai / 3 prAkRta kathAkAra haribhadra kA aisA vyaktitva hI hai ki unhoMne caturdika phaile hue vyApaka mAnava jagat ko acchI taraha dekhA aura samajhA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki inakI kathAtroM meM iSTa mitra aura paricitoM ke svarUpa, vezavinyAsa, unake sAMskRtika gaThana, unakI rahana-sahana, cAla-DhAla, bola-cAla Adi kA prAkalana sarvAMgINa aura prAmANika rUpa se huA hai / yadyapi karma - saMskAra kI pramukhatA inhoMne mAnI hai, to bhI pradarza aura yathArthavAdI caritroM kI kamI nahIM hai / kaI caritra to aise haiM, jo mAtra anuraMjana hI nahIM karate haiM, balki pAThaka ko rasadazA taka pahuMcAne meM samartha haiN| jo kucha jIvana meM ghaTita hotA hai, haribhadra ne kathA ke mAdhyama se use vyakta kara diyA hai / zrataH sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika saMvedanoM ko sthAna dekara inhoMne pAtroM ko jIvanta aura karmaTha to banAyA hI hai, sAtha hI caritroM meM zrAkarSaNa bhI bhare haiM / caritragata AkarSaka sthaloM para pahuMcane pUrva hI pAtroM kI vividha dazAoM kA bar3A hI buddhisaMgata citraNa kiyA hai / haribhadra ne apanI katipaya laghukathAoM meM caritragata saundarya darzana vahIM sphuTa kiyA hai, mahAM kathA sImA para pahuMcatI hai / kathA kA marma-kendra jisa sthala para vidyamAna rahatA hai, pAtroM kA caritra gaThana vahIM sampanna hotA hai / samarAiccakahA ke prathama, paMcama, SaSTha aura aSTama bhava kI kathAoM meM caritra ke preraka tattvoM athavA bIja bhAva ko binA kisI prakAra ke vivaraNAtmaka aura paricayAtmaka vistAra ke sIdhe upasthita kara diyA hai / yadyapi ina bhavoM kI kathAnoM meM bhI varNanoM kI pracuratA hai, to bhI pAtroM kI saMvedanAoM aura bhAvanAoM kA citraNa ho hI gayA hai / caritrAMkana meM haribhadra apane kSetra ke advitIya haiM / caritra sthApatya kI pramukha vizeSatA to haribhadra meM yaha pAyI jAtI hai ki inhoMne caritra kI vizeSatAoM ko kramazaH ghanIbhUta aura prabhAvamaya banAyA hai / caritra kI daur3a satara meM eka sthAna para nahIM rahatI haiM, balki kathAnaka meM prAdyanta vyApta haiM / 1 - DaoN0 nagendra dvArA anudita arastU kA kAvyazAstra, pR0 22 / 2 - zIlanirUpaNa siddhAMta aura viniyoga, pR0 1 / 3 - gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, pa0 56 /

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226 yadi haribhadra aisA na karate to inheM samarAiccakahA jaise dhArmika upanyAsa ke likhane meM jo saphalatA milI hai, vaha nahIM milatI / zrataH pAtroM kI mUlavRtti aura usase sambaddha vividha prAnuSaMgika utAra-car3hAva kI bAteM atyanta kSipra aura kramAgata rUpa meM upasthita kI gayI haiM / haribhadra ke zIla sthApatya kI dUsarI vizeSatA hai caritra vistAra kA pUrNa vistArakrama aura usakA sUkSmAtisUkSma vivaraNa upasthita karanA / jIvana ke dvandva aura saMgharSo ke bIca pAtra bar3hate calate haiM / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhAdi bhAva vRttiyAM manovikAroM ke rUpa meM apanA prabhAva dikhalAtI calatI haiM / haribhadra ke caritra sthApatya kI tIsarI vizeSatA hai kriyA ko prakaTa karane vAle prabhAvoM ko samajhane kI ceSTA ke sAtha mUla preraka bhAvoM ko chAna-bIna karanA / kriyA sampAdita karane kI pRSThabhUmi kA zranekAntAtmaka citraNa inake pAtroM meM upalabdha hotA hai / pAtroM ke kriyAkalApoM ke sAtha unake sAmAjika aura asAmAjika tatvoM kA sacca rUpa meM udghATana bhI inakI vizeSatA hai / cauthI vizeSatA hai kathAnoM meM caritra vizleSaNa dvArA ghaTanAoM kA vikaas| jina kathAoM meM vibhinna ghaTanAoM kA citraNa karake kathA pravAha ko tIvratA pradAna kI jAtI hai, ve kathAeM pAThaka ke hRdaya para apanA sthAyI prabhAva aMkita nahIM kara pAtIM / sthAyI prabhAva ke liye rAgAtmaka manovegoM kA vizleSaNa karanA parama zrAvazyaka hai / haribhadra ke zIlasthApatya kI pAMcavIM vizeSatA hai paristhiti sApekSaguNa aura pravRttiyoM kA vizleSaNa / haribhadra ke pAtra prakAraNa kisI kArya kA sampAdana nahIM karate haiM aura na lagAtAra eka-sI koI vRtti calatI haiM, balki jaba jaisA avasara prApta hotA hai, pAtra tadrUpa meM parivartita ho jAte haiM / yaha satya hai ki vyakti meM sarvadA eka hI saMvedana yA manobhAva nahIM raha sakatA hai / ataH paristhiti yA avasara ke anusAra pAtra ke svabhAva aura guNoM meM parivartana dikhalAnA haribhadra kI apanI vizeSatA hai / yadyapi nidAna paramparA ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa pAtroM ke mUlabhAva janma-janmAntara ke saMskAroM se sampanna hote haiM, to bhI deza, kAla aura vAtAvaraNa kA prabhAva unake Upara pUrNatayA vartamAna hai / sajIvatA haribhadra ke zIla sthApatya kI chaThI vizeSatA hai / haribhadra ke pAtra tire kalpita nahIM haiM, balki ve jIvadhArI haiM / unakI sArI kriyAeM jIvadhAriyoM ke samAna hotI haiM / samaya Ane para pAtra rote - kalapate haiM, haMsI aura zrAnanda manAte bhI dekhe jAte haiM / parivartana yA vikAsa jIvana kA zAzvatika niyama hai, isI niyama ke AdhAra para jIva kI bhoktRtva zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai / saMskAra pradhAna pAtra bhI karuNA, dayA aura mamatA se praviSTa haiM / jisa lekhaka ke pAtra sajIva aura kriyAzIla haiM, vahI caritracitraNa meM sajIvatA lA sakatA hai / ahaM, upAdAna aura prAsakti granthi kI vizeSatA hI isa prakAra ke zIla meM pramukha rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai / sAtavIM vizeSatA hai zIla vaividhya ke citraNa kI / zAnta, dhIra, lalita aura uddhata ina cAroM prakRti vAle vyaktiyoM ke vicAra-bhAva, zrAvega-saMvega Adi kA sAkAra citraNa kiyA hai / sAtvika, rAjasI aura tAmasI ina tInoM prakAra kI manovRttiyoM kA citraNa eka hI kathA meM pAyA jAtA hai / mahatvAkAMkSI prabhutA premI mahAmaNDalezvara rAjAnoM ke caritroM ke sAtha daridranArAyaNa ke upAsakoM ke sAtvika caritroM kI kamI nahIM pAyI jAtI hai / caritra kI vividhatA ke bIca anekarUpatA palatI hai / rAjAoM ke grAmoda-pramoda, sArthavAhoM kI vyApAra pravINatA evaM nAyikAoM kI vividha durbalatAeM aura unakI vilAsamudrAeM bar3e sundara rUpa meM abhivyaMjita huI haiM /

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230 haribhadra ne zIla ko nimna prakAra lokagamya banAyA hai :(1) pAtroM ke svabhAvaguNAnusAra unake sahaja rUpoM kA abhinivesh| (2) kUTa parihAsa, DrAmeTika pAiranI dvArA mAnava kI sArI kamajoriyoM para ___ vyaMgya karate hue mArmika pakSoM kA udghaattn| (3) dainika jIvana ke sambandhoM kI mArmika vivecanA tathA vibhinna vAtAvaraNa aura unake parivezoM ke bIca caritroM kA unnyn| (4) pArasparika prema, ghRNA, IrSyA Adi ke saMgharSoM kA svAbhAvika vishlessnn| (5) vargagata aura vyaktigata donoM hI prakAra kI manovRttiyoM kA vizleSaNa / prAkRta kathAkAroM meM apane samaya ke haribhadra prathama kathAkAra haiM, jinhoMne samAja ke sabhI varga ke pAtroM ko apanI kRtiyoM meM sthAna diyA hai| inake pAtroM ko mUlataH tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai--(1) mAnava, (2) atimAnava, (3) amAnava / haribhadra ne svayaM pAtroM ko divya, divya-mAnuSa aura mAnuSa ina tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / mAnava pAtra kevala rAjanyavarga se hI nahIM grahaNa kiye gaye haiM, balki cANDAla, bhilla, dhobI, kolI, sArthavAha, vaNika, brAhmaNa, sAmanta, prabhRti sabhI kSetroM se pAtroM ko grahaNa kiyA hai / ataH pAtra vaividhya ke sAtha caritra vaividhya bhI haribhadra ke zIlasthApatya kI vizeSatA hai / eka hI sthala para rAjA, maMtrI, purohita se lekara cora, Dakaita, zikArI, vyabhicArI, premI, premikA, vyApArI Adi ke caritra-citroM kA milanA prAdhunika kisI citrazAlA ke citra saundarya se kama nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| haribhadra pAtroM kI durbalatAoM evaM sabalatAnoM kA yathAsthAna citraNa karate calate haiN| kisI vizeSa sthiti meM pAtroM kI manodazA kisa prakAra kI rahatI hai aura kisa prAntarika preraNA se pAtra kauna-sA kArya sampanna karate haiM, pAtroM ke kaSAya-vikAra kitane prabala hai, Adi kA citraNa haribhadra ne taTastha rahakara kiyA hai / pAtroM ke svagata cintanoM se unake caritra kI pramakha vizeSatAoM kA udaghATana bhI vartamAna hai / pAtroM kI vargagata evaM jAtigata vizeSatAoM ko banAye rakhane kI pUrI ceSTA kI gayI hai / saMkSepa meM itanA likhanAhI paryApta hai ki inakI kathAnoM meM kahIM para vizleSaNAtmaka praNAlI ke dvArA caritra vikAsa kA Ayojana hai, to kahIM pAtroM ke pArasparika vArtAlApa ke bArA caritragata vizeSatAoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / saMketAtmaka praNAlI bhI inakI kathAoM meM jahAM-tahAM upalabdha hotI hai| pradhAnataH pAtroM ke paraspara vArtAlApa dvArA caritra vikAsa kI praNAlI kA anusaraNa hI haribhadra kI kathAkRtiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / sabhI varga ke pAtra apane bhItarI rAga bhAvoM ke kAraNa apane antas kI bAta ko dUsare pAtra se kahate hai aura dUsarA pAtra vArtAlApa ke krama meM apanI prAbhyantarika vyathA yA ullAsa kA nivedana tIsare pAtra yA se karatA hai / isa prakAra kathopakathana kI eka zrRMkhalA calatI hai, jisase pAtroM kA caritra abhinayAtmaka rUpa meM prakaTa hotA jAtA hai / ataeva spaSTa hai ki haribhadra ne caritra-citraNa meM vizleSaNAtmaka aura abhinayAtmaka donoM hI praNAliyoM ko apanAyA hai / yadyapi Alocaka vizleSaNAtmaka praNAlI ko abhinayAtmaka praNAlI kI apekSA uttama nahIM samajhate haiM, to bhI caritragata utkarSa dikhalAne meM pratyeka kathAkAra ko nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM vizleSaNAtmaka praNAlI ko bhI apanAnA par3atA hai| yathArthataH abhinayAtmaka praNAlI pUrNarUpa se caritra kI vizeSatAoM ko citropamatA pradAna karane meM asamartha rahatI hai|

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231 haribhadra kI kathAkRtiyoM meM sthira aura gatizIla donoM prakAra ke pAtra Ate haiM / sthira zIla vAle va pAtra haiM, jinake caritra meM zrAdyopAnta koI antara nahIM zrAtA aura va sthira bane rahate haiM / gatizIla pAtra apane jIvana meM aneka cAritrika parivartanoM ko ghaTatA huA pAte haiM / zIla nirUpaNa meM paristhitiyoM kA yoga pAtroM ke caritra vikAsa meM paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva yadi nahIM par3atA hai, to pAtroM meM sajIvatA nahIM zrA sakatI hai / mAnava jIvana meM aneka aisI paristhitiyAM zrAtI haiM, 'jo jIvana meM aneka prakAra ke parivartana prastuta karatI haiM / paristhitiyoM ke jhaTake khAkara manuSya ke svabhAva meM parivartana hotA hai / haribhadra ne bhI pAtroM ke caritra vikAsa meM vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke thaper3oM kA sundara zraMkana kiyA hai / pravAntara kathA meM aMkita rAjA surendradatta kI mAM yazodharA meM paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa vicitra parivartana ho jAtA hai / surendradatta svapna dekhatA hai, jisa svapna kA phala atyanta zraniSTakara haiM / pitA ke dIkSita ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha apanI mAnasika vyathA apanI mAtA yazodharA se nivedita karatA hai / putra prema se vihvala ho mAtA isa ariSTa kI zAMti kA upAya batalAtI haiM, para usakA yaha upAya hiMsAmaya hai / usake vaMdika yajJa-yAgAdi saMbaMdhI saMskAra uttejita ho jAte haiM tathA vaha bhaiMse, bakareM aura murge Adi kI bali dene kI salAha detI hai / sarendradatta kI zrAtmA hiMsaka - bali prathA kA virodha karatI hai aura vaha apanI mAtA se anurodha karatA hai ki hiMsA pradhAna vyakti ko honA cAhiye / jo dUsaroM ke duHkha se dravita nahIM hotA, vaha vyakti apane jIvana meM prAdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM kara sakatA hai / hiMsA vyakti ko loka-paraloka donoM meM kaSTa detI hai / zrataH zrariSTa zamana ke liye hiMsAtmaka upAya ke avalambana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / putra kaniSTa kI AzaMkA se mAM kA hRdaya prAtaMkita haiM / vaha jaise bhI ho, apane putra ko sukhI aura sampanna dekhanA cAhatI hai / putra ke aizvarya kA vikAsa ho aura vaha ekachatra rAjya bhoga sake yahI to usakI kAmanA hai / putra prema kI vivazatA use sabhI kucha karane ko bAdhya karatI hai / vaha ina viSama paristhitiyoM ke Age ghuTane Teka detI haiM / ataH bahuta jora dekara ATe ke murge kI bali dene ke liye surendradatta ko taiyAra kara letI hai / ATe ke murge kI bali dene se saMkalpI hiMsA to ho hI jAtI hai, ataH zubha karmoM kA arjana hone se use aneka kuyoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai / isa prakAra haribhadra ne caritra vikAsa ke hetu vibhinna paristhitiyoM kI yojanA kI hai / ghaTanA yA caritroM meM mAtra camatkAra dikhalAnA hI inakA kArya nahIM hai, balki bhAvanAoM ke vikAsa ke liye ucita bhUmi taiyAra karanA aura usa bhUmi meM dhIra, lalita, uddhata yA zAnta zIla ko zraMkarita karane ke liye deza-kAla kA ucita vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karanA inakA dhyeya haiM / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki haribhadra ke pAtroM kA caritra samatala bhUmi para hI vikasita hotA calatA hai / karma saMskAra kI zrRMkhalA meM jakar3e rahane ke kAraNa pAtroM ke guNadharma meM koI vizeSa parivartana nahIM dikhalAyI par3atA hai, to bhI paristhitiyAM caritra vikAsa meM yogadAna detI calatI haiM / pUrvajanma ke saMskAroM ne pAtroM ko kaThaputalI banA diyA hai /

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232 caritra vikAsa meM antardvandva yA bhItarI saMgharSa kathA ke pAtroM meM sajIvatA evaM jIvana tabhI DAlA jA sakatA hai, jabaki pAtra apane kriyAkalApoM ke pariNAma evaM duSpariNAma ke phaloM para vicAra karane meM samartha hoM / yadyapi kathA ke pAtra kAlpanika evaM kathAkAra kI buddhi kI upaja hai, phira bhI vaha usI dizA meM unheM rakhatA hai, jisameM ki vaha saMsAra ke paricita manuSyoM ko dekhatA hai / pratyeka vyakti ke hRdaya meM kisI kArya ko karane se pUrva zaMkA aura sandeha utpanna hote haiM aura unakA samAdhAna karane para hI kArya meM pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / vyaktigata hAni-lAbha ke atirikta manuSya, samAja, jAti, dharma ina sabake Upara bhI dRSTipAta karake jabataka apane kAryoM ko nyAyasaMgata nahIM samajha letA, tabataka vyakti zrAge bar3hane kA sAhasa nahIM karatA hai / naitikatA aura anaitikatA kA janma isIkA pariNAma hai / vyakti ke hRdaya meM mAnavatA ke prati eka lalaka evaM mamatva kI bhAvanA AdikAla se rahI hai / amAnavIya bhAvanAoM ke prati manuSya kI buddhi binA soce-samajhe nahIM bar3hatI / manuSya inhIM naMtika aura anaMtika kAryoM se uThatA aura giratA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai jisase mAnava buddhi kArya meM rata hone se pUrva karUM aura na karUM ke prazna kA samAdhAna kiye binA nahIM bar3ha sakatI / zrataeva manuSya ke caritra meM antardvandva kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / pratyakSa jIvana meM jisa prakAra saMgharSa upasthita hote haiM, usI prakAra kathA ke pAtroM ke jIvana meM bhI / kaThaputaliyoM ke samAna pAtroM kA nartana hI unakA jIvana nahIM hai, balki Abhyantara yA bAhya paristhitiyoM ke saMgharSa meM DAlakara pAtroM ke caritra kA vikAsa dikhalAnA yahI jIvana kA vAstavika rUpa hai / haribhadra ne nidAnatattva kA samAveza karane para bhI pAtroM ke antaH aura bAhya saMgharSa dikhalAye haiM / zragnizarmA nidAna kA saMkalpa saMgharSa ke kAraNa hI karatA hai / bAlyAvasthA meM apamAnita hone para usake mana meM nAnA prakAra ke vicAroM kA tUphAna uThatA hai, phalataH avacetanA meM nidAna kA sanniveza yahIM se hotA hai / vinayandhara upakArI kA smaraNa kara dvandva meM par3a jAtA hai ki rAjAjJA kA pAlana kareM yA upakArI kI rakSA / usake mana kA tUphAna bhI aneka rUpoM meM prakaTa hotA hai| Adarza pAtra hone ke kAraNa vaha kumAra ke samakSa sArI paristhitiyoM aura ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kA nirUpaNa kara detA hai tathA unhIMse isakA pratikAra pUchatA hai / isa prakAra haribhadra ne pAtroM kI paristhitiyoM ke prati saMvedanazIlatA, unake rAga-virAga, unakI mahatvAkAMkSAeM, unake andhavizvAsa, pakSapAta, mAnasika saMgharSa, dayA, karuNA, udAratA Adi mAnavIya guNa aura nRzaMsatA, krUratA, anudAratA Adi dAnavIya guNoM kA citraNa kiyA hai / pAtroM kI sabalatA aura nirbalatA kA sundara citraNa bhI saMgharSa ke kAraNa hI samarAiccakahA meM ubuddha huA hai / pAtra aura zIla paripAka pAtra kathAvastu ke sajIva saMcAlaka haiM, jinase eka ora kathAvastu kA Arambha, vikAsa aura anta hotA hai, dUsarI ora jinase hama kathA meM AtmIyatA prApta karate haiM / kathA meM pAtra nirmANa ke liye haribhadra ne tIna bAtoM para vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai. sajIva haiM, svabhAvika haiM aura haiM anubhUti ke dharAtala para nirmita / pAtroM kI sRSTi mukhya saMvedanA ke anukUla hai tathA pAtra aise haiM, jo prAyaH sarva sulabha aura saprANa haiM / --pAtra yaha pahale hI likhA jA cukA hai ki haribhadra ke pAtra sabhI varga aura sabhI avasthA ke haiM / seTha sAhUkAra, rAjA-maMtrI, Doma- cANDAla, bhilla Adi sabhI jAti aura varga ka pAtroM ke sAtha bAlaka se lekara bUr3he taka sabhI avasthAvAle pAtra bhI aMkita haiM / isameM

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233 sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra ne dalita aura patita vyaktiyoM ke caritroM kA bahuta hI sundara citraNa kiyA hai / jina pAtroM kI madhya yuga meM upekSA kI jAtI thI, una pAtroM ko sAmana upasthita karane kA sAhasa unhoMne kiyA hai / haribhadra kI pAtra paridhi aura unake caritracitraNa meM madhyakAlIna samAja kA yathArtharUpa citrita huA hai / rAja parivAroM meM honevAle anIti atyAcAroM kA bar3A hI sundara bhaNDAphor3a hai / rAjyasattA ke liye bhAI-bhAI kisa prakAra jhagar3ate the, yaha jaya-vijaya ke caritra se spaSTa haiM / ranivAsa meM rahane vAlI rAjamahiSiyAM sundara rAjakumAra ko dekhakara mugdha ho jAtI thIM aura unase anaitika prastAva karatI thIM, yaha anaMgavatI ke caritra se jAnA jA sakatA hai / parivAra, samAja aura vyakti ina tInoM kA haribhadra ne bahuta sundara caritra citraNa kiyA haiM / hama yahAM pramukha pAtroM kA citrAMkana karane kI ceSTA kareMge / guNasena krIr3Apriya rAjakumAra hai / zaizavAvasthA meM vaha atyanta naTakhaTa hai / rAja-purohita or putra agnizarmA apanI kurUpatA ke kAraNa isakI krIr3A kA kendra banatA hai / yaha choTe baccoM kI TolI sahita usa agnizarmA ko gadhe para savAra karAkara aura usake sira para TUTe sUpa kA chatra lagAkara Dhola, mRdaMga, bAMsurI, kAMsya Adi vAdyoM kI dhvani aura turaha kI kaThora AvAja ke bIca mahArAja kI jaya ho, jaya ho, ke nAre lagAte hue sar3akoM para use ghumAtA hai / isa prakAra bacapana ke caritra kI eka jhAMkI hameM kautukI ke rUpa meM milatI hai / vayaska hone para mahArAja pUrNacandra guNasena kA vivAha saMskAra sampanna karate haiM aura rAjyAbhiSeka kara tapazcaraNa karane cale jAte haiM / guNasena zratyanta vIra - parAkramI rAjA hai, yaha aneka dezoM ko jItakara apane rAjya kA vistAra karatA hai / bar3e-bar3e sAmanta aura vIra isake adhIna haiN| isakA nirmala yaza sarvatra vikhyAta hai / yaha dharma, artha aura kAma ina tInoM puruSArthI kA nirvirodha rUpa se sevana karatA hai / kalAoM ke prati abhiruci hai, ataH nATaka, kAvya aura nRtya dvArA manoraMjana karatA hai / bhramaNazIla bhI hai, prAtaHkRtya sampAdita kara vasantapura ke bAhara ghor3e para savAra hokara bhramaNa karane calA jAtA hai / thakakara sahasrAsrodyAna meM vizrAma karane lagatA hai / eka dina vizrAma karate samaya suparitoSa tapovana se RSi nAraMgiyoM kI bheMTa lekara Ate haiN| rAjA guNasena kulapati ke darzana karane jAtA hai aura unheM samasta RSi parivAra sahita apane yahAM bhojana kA nimaMtraNa detA hai / yahAM agnizarmA tapasvI kA ugratapazcaraNa aura kaThora niyama se avagata hote haiM / vaha mAsopavAsI agnizarmA ke darzana karane jAtA hai / RSibhakta rAjA RSi ko namaskAra, vandana karane ke pazcAt ugratapazcaraNa kA kAraNa pUchatA hai| agnizarmA tapasvI dAridrya Adi ke sAtha kalyANamitra guNasena ko apanI virakti kA kAraNa batalAtA hai / rAjA guNasena ko apane mana meM atyadhika pazcAttApa hotA haiM / vigata ghaTanAeM calacitra kI taraha usake mastiSka meM ghUma jAtI haiM : rAjA socatA hai -- isa mahAnubhAva ne apanI sAdhutA ke kAraNa hI mere dvArA kiye gaye apamAna ko upakAraprada preraNA mAna liyA hai / zraho ! mujha pApI ne bhayaMkara prakArya kiyA hai / ataH maiM apanI kalaMkita aura nindita AtmA kA paricaya detA huuN| isa prakAra pazcAttApa karate hue rAjA guNasena ne apanA paricaya agnizarmA ko diyA / rAjA guNasena kA hRdaya atyanta pavitra hai, gaMgA kI nirmala dhArA ke samAna usake mastiSka aura hRdaya meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kAlimA nahIM hai / jaba agnizarmA tIna bAra pAraNA ke liye zrAtA hai aura vighna upasthita rahane ke kAraNa lauTa jAtA hai / jabajaba rAjA ko usake lauTane kA samAcAra milatA hai, taba-taba vaha anunaya-vinaya

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234 kara, agnizarmA ko punaH apane yahAM bhojana kA AmantraNa detA hai| jaba antima bAra agnizarmA binA bhojana kiye lauTa jAtA hai, taba vaha phlaiza-baika paddhati kA avalambana lekara sArI vigata ghaTanAoM ko apane mastiSka-paTala para aMkita kara letA hai / vaha rAjA ke Upara sandeha karatA hai, sArI prArthanAoM ko usakA kapaTajAla mAnatA aura usase badalA cukAne ke liye nidAna bAMdha letA hai| antima bAra agnizarmA ko binA bhojana grahaNa kiye lauTa pAne ke kAraNa rAjA guNasena ko mArmika vyathA hotI hai, vaha usakA samAcAra lAne ke liye somadeva purohita ko bhejatA hai tathA usake atyanta ruSTa hone kA samAcAra jAnakara bhI svayaM milane AtA hai / kulapati se hArdika kSobha vyakta karate hue bAteM karatA hai tathA apane pApa ke prAyazcitta ke liye agnizarmA kA darzana bhI karanA cAhatA hai / kulapati use paristhiti se avagata karAkara lauTA dete haiN| prAtmaglAni se vibhora rAjA guNasena basantapura se kSitipratiSTha meM lauTa AtA hai / yahAM rAjA guNasena ke caritra prAtA hai| yahAM rAjA gaNasena ke caritra meM sAvadhAnI yA pramAda avazya hai| tIna bAra eka mAsopavAsI tapasvI ko Amantrita kara bhI usake bhojana kI vyavasthA na kara sakane meM usakI upekSA yA lAparavAhI avazya rahI hogii| jaba prathama bAra tapasvI agnizarmA lauTa jAtA hai, taba use Amantrita kara usakI vyavasthA karanI cAhiye thii| ataH tarka ke dvArA yaha mAnA jA sakegA ki rAjA se asAvadhAnI yA pramAda humA hai / yaha saMbhava hai ki usane buddhipUrvaka yaha pramAda na kiyA ho| isake caritra kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa karane se patA calatA hai ki avacetana meM chipI huI agnizarmA ko cir3hAne kI bhAvanA hI yahAM kAma kara rahI hai, jisase usase asAvadhAnI hotI jAtI hai / dharmabhIra aura saMsArabhIra bhI guNasena hai| prAcArya vijayasena se vibhAvasu ke carita aura kaSAya vikAroM ko sunakara usa virakti hotI hai aura zramaNa-vrata dhAraNa kara prAtmazodhana karane meM tatpara hotA hai / guNasena ko pratimA yoga meM sthita dekhakara agnizarmA kA jIva vidyutkumAra Akara aneka prakAra ke upadrava zurU karatA hai / saikar3oM prakAra ke upasarga detA hai, para guNasena sumeru kI taraha aDiga hai / vaha saddharma kA mahatva samajhatA hai / ataH vaha "satveSu maitrI" kI bhAvanA rakhatA huA maraNa kara saudharma svarga ke candrAnana vimAna meM deva hotA hai / guNasena ke caritra kA vikAsa kathopakathanoM ke bIca se abhinayAtmaka paddhati meM humA hai / caritra meM dhArmika AsthA aura saMskArajanya mAnyatAeM nihita haiN| AtmaniSThA kI bhAvanA prAdyanta vyApta hai / samAjazAstrIya dRSTi se isa caritra ko hama sAtvika prakRti kA kaha sakate haiN| agnishrmaa| isake viparIta pratinAyaka agnizarmA kA caritra tAmasI prakRti kA hai / yadyapi samAja zAstrIya aura manovaijJAnika dRSTi se haribhadra ko agnizarmA ke caritra-citraNa meM adhika saphalatA prApta huI hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki tIsarI bAra rAjamahala se binA bhojana pAye lauTa Ane para usakA krodhita honA svAbhAvika hai / tIna mahInoM taka lagAtAra bhojana-pAnI na grahaNa karane vAlA vyakti prAgrahapUrvaka rAjamahala meM bulAyA jAya aura bhojana ke avasara para putra janmotsava meM loga itane vyasta ho jAyaM ki use koI pUche nahIM, isa sthiti meM tapasvI kA kSubdha ho jAnA atyanta naisargika hai| jo vyakti hAr3a-mAMsa se nirmita ho, tapasvI ho aura sAtha hI ucca-kula meM janmA ho, usakA ukta paristhiti meM kruddha na honA hI Azcarya kI bAta hotI tathA kathAkAra kA yaha zola napuMsaka mAnA jaataa| para zIla-sthApatya ke marmajJa haribhadra meM agnizarmA ke caritra meM jo mor3eM dikhalAyI haiM, ve usake caritra ko saprANa aura maulika banAne meM pUrNa sakSama hai|

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235 agnizarmA ke caritra ko pahalI mor3a usa samaya AtI hai, jaba vaha kumAra guNasena ke kheloM se Ubakara virakta hotA hai| usake ahaM ko coTa lagatI hai, apamAnita yA lAMchita jIvana vyatIta karanA use pasanda nahIM hai| prakRti se vaha ahaMvAdI hai, ataH vAstavika jagata meM jisa kArya ko nahIM kara sakatA hai, usa kArya ko vaha tapazcaraNa dvArA alaukika siddhiyAM prApta karake karanA cAhatA hai / agnizarmA ke Antarika guNoM ke sAtha usake zarIra kI prAkRti kA lekhaka ne kitanA sundara aura svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA hai| moTA aura trikoNa mastaka, nIla-pIta varNa ko gola aAMkheM, sthAnamAtra se dikhalAyI par3ane vAlI cipaTI nAka, vivaramAtra kAna, aoThoM ke dvArA AcchAdita karane para bhI dikhalAyI par3ane vAle lambe dAMta, lambI Ter3hI gardana, asamAna choTI-choTI bAheM, atyanta choTA vakSasthala, vakra aura asantulita bar3A peTa, eka tarapha UMcA aura atyanta sthUla kaTi pradeza, asamAna rUpa se pratiSThita uruyugala, atyanta sUkSma, kaTina aura choTI-choTI jAMghe, beDhaMge lambe-lambe paira evaM agni kI lapaToM ke samAna piMgala keza agnizarmA ke the| agnizarmA ko zarIrAkRti kA yaha yathArthavAdI citraNa usako kautuka-krIr3A kA kendra svayaM hI banA detA hai / lekhaka ne prAkRti kA aisA svAbhAvika aura jIvanta citra upasthita kiyA hai, jisase Age vAlo kathAvastu kA vikAsa sImA ke anurUpa hotA hai / agnizarmA ko tApasI jIvana vyatIta karane ke liye bAdhya hone kA eka sabala kAraNa yaha AkRti hI hai / yaha satya hai ki isa prAkRti ke calate agnizarmA sarvatra upahAsa kA pAlambana banatA / aSTAvakra ke samAna yadi vaha AtmajJAnI hotA aura sAtha hI vaisI hI sahanazIlatA bhI usameM rahatI, to vaha avazya sAmAjika pratiSThA paataa| bhArata kI paramparA rahI hai, ki vikRta prAkRti vAle bhI guNoM se yukta hone para sammAna bhAjana banate haiN| ataH haribhadra kA agnizarmA ko vAstavika jagata ke saMgharSa se haTAkara alaukika zaktiyoM kI prApti meM lagA denA sUkSma zIlasthApatya kA dyotaka hai / ataH paristhitiyoM se pratAr3ita pratyeka mAnava yahI karatA, jo agnizarmA ne kiyA hai| usake ugratapazcaraNa ke pIche bhI yahI manovijJAna kArya kara rahA hai / agnizarmA ke antardvandvoM kI zAMti kA ekamAtra upAya yahI thA, jo haribhadra ne agnizarmA ke dvArA karAyA hai / agnizarmA ke caritra kI dUsarI mor3a usa sthala para AtI hai, jaba bhojana prApti kI AzA lie tIsarI bAra vaha rAjabhavana meM jAtA hai, para usa azakta aura asamartha sAdhu kI ora kisI kA dhyAna bhI nahIM jAtA, phalataH nirAza ho vaha lauTa AtA hai| lauTate samaya usake mana meM bhayaMkara pratikriyA utpanna hotI hai| usake avacetana meM chipe hue ahaM bhAva aura krodha phuphakAra mArate hue dRSTiviSa bhujaMga ke samAna udbuddha ho jAte hai| vaha rAjakumAra guNasena se pratizodha lene kA saMkalpa karatA hai| usakA viveka timirAcchanna ho jAtA hai| __ vAstava meM agnizarmA kI jIvanakathA kA yaha eka karuNApUrNa mArmika-sthala hai| jisa vyakti ke maMha meM tIna mahInoM se anna kA dAnA na paDA ho aura nizcita avasara para aba bhI anna kA dAnA milane kI saMbhAvanA nahIM ho, usakI sthiti kevala saMketa yA anumAna se hI jAnI jA sakatI hai| ataH isa prakAra ke zIla ko khaDgazIla kahA jA sakatA hai| agnizarmA dvandvoM ke bIca se apanA mArga svayaM nirdhArita karatA hai| vaha apanI jvAlA se svayaM hI jalane vAlA hai| jIvana-lIlA ke paryavasAna taka usake - 1--sa0 pra0 bha0, pR0 10 /

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236 sAmarika utsAha, svAbhimAna, dambha, roSa evaM puruSArtha guNa sajaga rahate haiN| hAM, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vaha tAmasika prakRti hai, tapasyA jaisI sundara vastu ko prApta kara bhI sahanazIlatA kA pAlana nahIM karatA hai / sAtha hI nidAna bAMdhakara maraNa karatA hai, jisase mAtra sAmarika utsAha kI hI vyaMjanA hotI hai / haribhadra ne apanI kathA ke dharAtala para yahIM se sAtvika aura tAmasa prakRti vAle donoM pradhAna pAtroM kA nirmANa kara - nAyaka aura pratinAyaka ke rUpa meM kathA zraura caritroM kA vikAsa dikhalAyA hai| jisa prakAra nihAI prabhAva meM garma lohe para hathaur3e kI coTa nahIM par3a sakatI haiM, zilapaTTikA ke prabhAva meM ustare ko tIkSNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, tathA dhvani ke binA pratidhvani kA bhI honA saMbhava nahIM hai, usI prakAra zIla kA vikAsa nAyaka - pratinAyaka ke saMgharSa ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai / sihakumAra 1 rAjaputra siMhakumAra vicArazIla yuvaka haiM / yuvAvasthA kI dehalI para para rakhate hI usake hRdaya meM premAMkura utpanna hone lagatA hai / kusumAvalI ke prabhAva meM use eka kSaNa bhI yuga ke samAna pratIta hotA hai / kumAra kI abhiruci citrakalA kI ora vizeSarUpa se hai / vaha siMha, hAthI, cakravAka, mayUra prAdi pazu-pakSiyoM ke bahuta hI sundara citra taiyAra karatA hai / usakI tUlikA meM navIna sRSTi sRjana kI adbhuta kSamatA hai / dantalekha, patralekha karane kI kalA meM bhI vaha pravINa hai / jaba madanalekhA haMsinI kA citra lekara kumAra ke pAsa pahuMcatI hai, jisa citra ke nIce kisI yuvatI kI madana vihavala avasthA kA dyotana karAne vAlA eka dvipadI-khaMDa bhI aMkita haiM / isa citra ko dekhate hI bhAvuka kumAra bhAva-vibhora ho jAtA hai| vaha nAgavallI ke patte para rAjahaMsinI kI avasthA kA anukaraNa karane vAle rAjahaMsa kA zreSTha citra aMkita karatA hai / madana lekhA ko vaha isa citra ke sAtha trilokasArabhUta muktAvalI-hAra puraskAra meM detA hai / isa prakAra kumAra ke jIvana kA prathama paTAkSepa eka premI, bhAvuka aura vilAsI ke rUpa meM hotA hai / kumAra kA yaha kizora zola caMcala aura krIr3Apriya hai / vilAsI rAjakumAroM kI aisI hI AraMbhika sthiti hotI hai / dvitIya avasthA ke prArambha hote hI kumAra meM praur3hatA zrA jAtI hai / sAdhu-santoM ke prati zraddhAbhAva utpanna hotA hai / jagata aura apane sambandha ko samajhane kI kSamatA usameM prakaTa ho jAtI haiM / vivekI kumAra ko nAgadeva udyAna meM jAne para prAcArya dharmaghoSa dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / zraddhA aura bhakti se vibhora hotA huA, vaha ghor3e para se utara kara prAcArya ke darzana karatA hai / dUradarzI rAjakumAra ke hRdaya meM yaha jijJAsA utpanna hotI haiM ki kAmadeva ke samAna rUpa lAvaNyayukta inhoMne isa avasthA meM yaha vairAgya kyoM dhAraNa kiyA / vizva meM kAraNa ke binA kArya kI utpatti nahIM dekhI jAtI hai, ataH isa vairAgya ke pIche koI kAraNa honA cAhie / vinamra hokara kumAra zrAcArya se prazna karatA hai -- "bhagavan ! samasta sampatti aura guNoM se yukta hone para bhI isa prakAra kI virakti kA kyA kAraNa hai ? jisase Apane samaya meM hI yaha kaThora zramaNavrata dhAraNa kiyA hai ?" uttara meM AcArya zramaragupta muni kI kathA sunAkara apane virakta hone kI puSTi karate haiM / isa kathA meM jIvana ke vibhinna saMgharSoM, svArthI evaM naitika dvandvoM ke ghAtapratighAta dikhalAye gaye haiM / kumAra ke dvArA pUche jAne para dharmaghoSa zrAcArya cAroM gatiyoM kA svarUpa batalAte hue madhu bindu dRSTAnta kA jikra karate haiM, jisase kumAra bahuta prabhAvita hotA hai aura zrAvaka ke vrata svIkAra kara letA hai / 1-- samarAiccakahA ke dvitIya bhava kA nAyaka /

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237 siMhakumAra vivekI, kuzala zAsaka, upakArI, dayAlu aura pApa bhIrU hai / pitA puruSa datta ke dvArA diye gaye rAjya ko prApta kara bar3I caturAI se zAsana karatA hai / jitane adhIna sAmanta haiM, sabako nItipUrvaka anukUla banAkara rakhatA hai / apane parivAra kA bhI use bahuta dhyAna hai / kusumAvalI ke garbha meM agnizarmA ke jIva ke Ane se use rAjA kI prAMtoM ke bhakSaNa kA dohada utpanna hotA hai isa dohada kI pUrti na hone se rAnI kSINa hone lagatI hai, usakA zarIra pIlA par3a jAtA hai, ataH siMhakumAra ko usake prati bar3I dayA utpanna hotI haiM ! vaha apane maMtrI matisAgara ko bulavAkara rAjamahiSI ke dohada ko pUrA karane kA Adeza detA hai / maMtrI apanI buddhimAnI dvArA kRtrima rUpa se usake dohada ko pUrA karatA hai / pitR sneha bhI siMhakumAra meM apUrva hai / vaha jAnatA hai ki yaha bAlaka duSTa hogA aura merA zraniSTa karegA / isapara bhI jaba mAdhavI tatkAla utpanna zizu ko rAjA se chipAkara le jAtI haiM, rAjA use rokakara sArI sthiti ko samajha jAtA hai aura putra ko le letA hai, tathA usake samucita bharaNa-poSaNa kA prabandha kara kisI dhAI ko supurda kara detA hai / mati sAgara maMtrI ko kaSTa na ho, isalie pracchannarUpa meM putrotsava bhI sampanna karatA hai / siMhakumAra apane ukta putra prAnandakumAra ke yuvaka hone para use yuvarAja pada de detA hai aura usake prati apAra vAtsalya rakhatA hai / yadyapi pUrva karmadoSa ke kAraNa zrAnanda mahArAja siMhakumAra se ghRNA karatA hai aura bhItara hI bhItara rAjya prApti ke lie SaDyaMtra racatA hai / siMhakumAra saMvedanazIla bhI hai / jaba vaha durmati nAmaka sAmantarAja para AkramaNa karatA hai to mArga meM ajagara dvArA kurara pakSI kA, kurara pakSI dvArA sAMpa kA aura sAMpa dvArA meDhaka kA bhakSaNa karate hue dekhakara usakI hattantrI saMkRta ho uThatI hai aura vaha mArga meM se hI lauTa AtA hai / haribhadra ne siMhakumAra ke caritra ke isa mArmika vindu ko upasthita kara mAnavatA kA komala, hRdayadrAvaka aura prabhAvazIla citraNa kiyA huuN| siMhakumAra kI moha nidrA dUra hotI haiM aura vaha pravRjyA dhAraNa karane ke lie saMkalpa kara letA hai / isa samaya kA usakA svagata cintana bahuta hI mArmika hai / isI bIca durmati svayaM ghabar3Akara siMhakumAra kI zaraNa meM AtA hai / AnandakumAra rAjya-prApti kI prAkAMkSA se durmati se sandhi karatA hai / pitA ke dvArA svecchayA diyA gayA rAjya use mRta zikAra pratIta hotA hai / ataH vaha abhimAnI apane puruSArtha dvArA pitA ko mArakara rAjya prApta karanA cAhatA hai / phalataH durmati ke sAtha milakara kramaNa karatA hai / siMhakumAra kI senA yuddha karanA cAhatI haiM, para vaha senA ko apanI kasama dilAkara virata karatA hai / siMhakumAra ko bandI banAkara bandIgRha kI durgandhita koTharI meM rakhA jAtA hai / siMhakumAra dhIra-vIra aura atyanta kaSTa sahiSNu hu~ / bandIgRha meM pahuMcane para vaha AhAra- pAnI kA tyAga kara saMllekhanA dhAraNa kara letA hai / zrAnandakumAra ko jaba usake dvArA bhojana chor3ane kA samAcAra prApta hotA hai to vaha use DAMTane - DapaTane ke lie devazarmA brAhmaNa ko bhejatA hai / devazarmA rAjA ko samajhAtA hai, puruSArtha karane ke lie utsAhita karatA hai, para vaha apanI pratijJA para aTala rahatA hai / devazarmA ko vilamba hote dekhakara sAtha talavAra se siMhakumAra ko mAra ke sAtha maraNa svIkAra karatA hai / svayaM zrAnandakumAra zrAtA hai aura tarjana garjana ke DAlatA hai / siMhakumAra bar3e dhairya aura zAMti

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238 kiyA siMhakumAra kA zIla dhIrodAtta zIla hai| isameM kSamA, gaMbhIratA, dRr3ha saMkalpa evaM vinayamizrita svAbhimAna prAdi samasta guNa hai| vinIta, madhura, tyAgI, dakSa, priyaMvada, zaci, samaloka, vAGgamI, rur3havaMza, sthira, yuvA, buddhimAna, prajJAvAn, smRtisampanna, utsAhI, kalAvAn, zAstracakSu, prAtmasammAnI, zUra, dRr3ha tejasvI aura dhArmika ye bAIsa nAyakocita guNa siMhakumAra meM vidyamAna hai| rAjakumAroM ke caritra sthApatya para vicAra karane ke uparAnta aba sArthavAha caritra ko jAna lenA bhI Avazyaka hai / isa zreNI ke caritroM meM se dharaNa ke caritra ko udAharaNArtha dharaNa karanA adhika samIcIna hogaa| dharaNa dharaNa' sampanna parivAra kA vyakti hai / isakA pitA mAkandI nagarI kA sabase bar3A zreSThI hai| yuvaka hone para yaha madanamahotsava ke avasara para malaya sundara udyAna meM krIr3A karane ke lie jAtA hai| saMyogavaza malaya sundara udyAna se lauTate samaya paMcanandI seTha ke putra devanandI kA ratha bhI nagara dvAra para A jAtA hai| donoM rathoM ke AmanesAmane A jAne se nagara-dvAra avaruddha ho jAtA hai, logoM kA AnA-jAnA ruka jAtA hai| dhanamada meM matta donoM hI yuvaka hai, ratha ke pIche haTAne meM donoM hI apanA-apanA apamAna samajhate haiN| nAgarikoM ne unake dhanamada ko dekhakara nizcaya kiyA ki ye donoM paradeza jAyeM aura eka varSa meM jo sabase adhika dhanArjana karake prAya gA, vahI zreSTha samajhA jAyagA / pradhAna nAgarikoM ne yaha saMdeza ina logoM ko sunaayaa| ___saMvedanazIla dharaNa ko saMdeza sunakara bahuta AtmaglAni utpanna huii| usane nivedana ki majhase anacita hayA hai| isa caMcala lakSmI kA kyA mada ? nAgarikoM ke nirNaya ke anusAra, vaha apanI patnI lakSmI ke sAtha dhanArjana ke lie ravAnA ho jAtA hai| paropakArI dharaNa jaMgala ke rAste se Age bar3hatA hai| use zavara-yuvaka rudana karatA huA dikhalAyI par3atA hai| pUchane para use jJAta hotA hai ki pallIpati ko siMha ne ghAyala kara diyA hai, usake abhAva meM usakI patnI bhI apanA jIvana visarjita kara rahI hai| ataH dharaNa jAkara auSadhi prayoga se pallIpati ko svastha kara detA hai|| pati prasanna hokara dharaNa se kahatA hai--"mahAnubhAva ! Apane mujhe jIvanadAna diyA hai, maiM badale meM kyA upakAra karUM ? dharaNa ne uttara diyaa| mahApuriso khu tumaM, tA kiM avaraM bhaNIyai, tahAvi sattesu dyaa|" Age calane para use mauryanAma ke cANDAla ko vadhasthAna kI ora le jAte hue vyakti milate haiN| pUchane para use patA lagatA hai ki corI ke aparAdha meM ise bandI banAyA gayA hai| vaha dharaNa kA zaraNAgata bana jAtA hai| dharaNa eka lakSa dInAra dekara maurya ko mukta karA detA hai| acalapura pahuMcakara prabhUta dhanArjana karatA hai aura apane dhana ko chakar3oM meM lAdakara mAkandI ko ravAnA kara detA hai| mArga meM calate samaya lakSmI thaka jAtI hai, pyAsa aura bhUkha se vaha marane kI sthiti meM ho jAtI hai| dharaNa usakI prANarakSA ke lie apanI bhajA se rakta aura jaMghA se mAMsa kATakara pakAkara detA hai| zarIra meM bala prAne para lakSmI prAge calatI hai aura rAta ko ve loga eka kAlI ke mandira meM Thaharate haiN| caNDaruddha nAmakA cora rAjabhANDAgAra se corI kara vahIM pAtA hai| duSTA lakSmI usase milakara apane pati ko hI corI ke aparAdha meM bandI banavA detI hai| dharaNa ko phAMsI kA Adeza milatA hai, para maurya cANDAla apane 1--samarAiccakahA SaSTha bhv| 2--sa0, pR0 507 / pallI

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23 paropakArI kA paricaya dekara use cha ur3A detA hai / lakSmI punaH dharaNa ke pAsa A jAtI hai / mArga meM calane para pallIpati ke vyakti balidAna ke lie inheM pakar3a lAte haiM / isI balidAna ke lie eka anya vyakti bhI lAyA gayA hai / zavararAja bali karane ke lie AtA hai / vaha dugilaka se kahatA hai -- " meM Apako svarga bhejatA hUM / jIvana chor3akara jo bhI cAheM mAMga lIjie" / dugalaka cupa rahatA hai, usake bAra-bAra aisA kahane para bhI jaba vaha kucha uttara nahIM detA to dharaNa kahatA hai -- "bhadra ise chor3a dIjie aura isake sthAna para merA balidAna dIjie" / isa vAkya ke sunate hI pallIpati kAlasena dharaNa ko pahacAna letA hai vaha nivedana karatA hai ki zrApa mere paropakArI haiM, maiM prApakI kauna-sI sevA karUM ? dharaNa uttara detA hai - "mahApuruSa ! naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa zrAdi se devatA kI pUjA kareM, prANivadha ke dvArA nahIM" / abhinayAtmaka zailI meM dharaNa kA zIla vikasita hotA calatA hai / / dharaNa ke zIla meM sabase bar3A tattva dayA, paropakAra aura zrAtmasaMyama kA hai / vaha svayaM kaSTa sahana kara lenA uttama samajhatA hai, para anya kisI ko kaSTa nahIM prApta hone denA cAhatA hai / yaha zIla dhIra zAnta koTi kA haiM / zrartha aura kAma kA saMgharSa bhI usake jIvana meM hai / parahita sAdhana ke samAna anya dharma yA karttavya usakI dRSTi meM nahIM hai / haribhadra ne dharaNa ke zIla kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie dharaNa ke samakSa paristhitiyoM kA nirmANa bar3e prabhAvaka DhaMga se kiyA haiM / patnI ke aneka aparAdha karane para bhI usako sadA kSamA kara detA hai / usake prati kabhI bhI roSa nahIM dikhalAtA hai / suvadana jaise dhokhebAja ko bhI dhana detA hai aura sadA use mitra samajhatA hai / hRdaya vizAla sAgara haiM, jisameM kabhI uphAna nahIM zrAtA / paristhitiyoM ke ghAta-pratighAta sahana karane kI usameM apUrva kSamatA hai / zrAtmasaMyama kA aisA udAharaNa zAyada hI anyatra mila sakegA / dharaNa ke jIvana meM maurya cANDAla aura pallIpati kAlasena ko gUMtha kara to lekhaka ne prasAda avasAda kA bhAva khacita karane meM koI kamI nahIM rakhI usakA 1 isa zIla meM karuNA saMcArI bhAva to zrAdyanta vyApta hai / hameM lagatA hai ki dharaNa usa ziva sAdhanA kA udAharaNa hai, jinhoMne kAma bhasma kara diyA hai / jIvana meM nItimUlakatA itanI adhika ekarasatA - monoTonI utpanna karatI haiM, jisase kAvyazAstrIya zIlapaMgu bana jAtA hai / lakSmI dharaNa kI patnI usakI pUraka preraNA nahIM, kintu vaha usake lie cunautI hai / dharaNa dhanArjana ke lie vaNika-buddhi kA prayoga karatA hai, to zaraNAgata kI rakSA aura dhana vitaraNa meM kSatriya buddhi kA / zrAThavIM zatAbdI meM dharaNa kA zIla samAja ke lie atyadhika upayogI rahA hogA / usakA Adarza zIla yadyapi Aja bhI upayogI hai, para samAja bIca isa prakAra kA zIla kirakirA ho siddha hogA / puSpa, candana, isa prakAra samAja ke dalita aura patita varga ke puruSa pAtroM meM khaMgila, mauryacANDAla, kAlasena, bhillarAja Adi pramukha haiM / khaMgila khaMgila kA caritra navayuga ke harijana kA caritra hai / cANDAla hote hue itanA vizAla hRdaya aura mAnavatA kA srota usameM vidyamAna hai, jisase vaha akelA hI rUr3hiyoM, andhavizvAsoM aura paramparAgata mAnyatAoM kA virodhI tatva mAnA jA sakatA hai / corI, DakaitI aura hatyA jaise pezevara vaga kA hote hue khaMgila kI udAratA usakI maulika vizeSatA hai mAnavatA ke udAsa dharAtala kA nirmANa isa prakAra ke susaMskRta pAtra hI 1 - - sa0, pR0 534 /

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240 kara sakate haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra ne khaMgila ke caritra meM udAra mAnavIya guNoM kA samAveza kara eka krAntikArI parivartana kI sUcanA dI hai| khaMgila rAjAdeza se dhanakumAra kA badha karanA cAhatA hai| talavAra kA vAra karatA hai, para karuNA se dravIbhUta ho talavAra hAtha se chaTa jAtI hai, vaha bhUmi para gira par3atA hai| vicitra dRzya hai| mAnavatA aura kartavya ke dvandva meM par3A khaMgila citralikhita ke samAna hai| zIla meM adbhuta rasa hai| hatyA aura lUTa ke saMskAroM meM palA-puSA vyakti eka aparicita manuSya ke darzana mAtra se itanA parivartita ho jAya ? sumaMgala putra ke jIvita kiye jAne para rAjA dhana se prasanna ho jAtA hai| vaha varadAna mAMgane ko kahatA hai, para dhana svayaM varadAna na mAMga kara khaMgila cANDAla ko hI vara dene kA anurodha karatA hai| zrAvastI nareza cANDAla se vara mAMgane kA Adeza detA hai| khaMgila anurodha karatA hai--"prabho ! Apa prasanna haiM to mujhe sajjananindita peze se mukta kara diijie"| kitanA udAtta carita hai khaMgila kaa| vaha hiMsA se ghRNA karatA hai| vaha karma cANDAla nahIM hai, jAti cANDAla bhale hI banA rhe| tapa prasanna hokara eka lakSa dInAra usake gAMva ko puraskAra meM detA hai| khaMgila ko isa puSkala dhana prApti se harSa nahIM, use paramAnanda hai to niraparAdhI dhana ke mukta ho jAne se| yaha yathArthonmukha AdarzavAda svastha samAja ke nirmANa meM kitanA sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| saMkSepa meM hama khaMgila ke zIla ko ramaNIya kaha sakate haiN| use amAnavIya kRtyoM se vicikitsA ho gayI hai| dhArmika bhAvanAoM aura Adarza preraNAoM ke bIca khaMgila kA caritra vidyutprakAza vikIrNa karatA calatA hai| ____ maurya cANDAla aura kAlasena ko apane ghRNita peze se aruci nahIM hai| ve donoM karmaTha hai, karma kSetra meM juTe rahakara bhI apane zIla ko unnata banAte haiN| paristhitiyoM ke jhaTake khAkara ina donoM meM parivartana pAtA hai| duHkha yA vipatti hI saccI anubhUti kI kasauTI hai| ataH ye donoM hI vipatti Ane para sahAnabhati karanA sIkhate haiM tathA karuNA kA janma bhI vipatti ke pazcAt hotA hai| maurya cANDAla kA kArya phAMsI lagAnA hai, jIvanadaNDa ke aparAdhiyoM ko zmazAna bhUmi meM le jAkara vaha phAMsI detA hai| dharaNa ke dvArA pratyupakAra kiye jAne se inake svabhAva meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| dhIre-dhIre inakA zIla vikasita hotA jAtA hai aura hiMsA chor3akara ahiMsaka bana jAte hai| inakI yaha dharmaruci duSkarmoM ko chipAne kA prAvaraNa mAtra nahIM hai, balki saccA virecana hai, jisase inakA caritra udAtta ho jAtA hai| praziva kA recana hotA hai aura ziva kI pratiSThA hotI jAtI hai| donoM ke zIla meM rAjas aura tAmas kA recana hokara satva kI pratiSThA kI gaI hai| bhillarAja kA caritra tulanA caritra hai| yaha zIla kI vaha bar3I rekhA hai, jisake samakSa paramparA se pUjA bhakti kA pezA karane vAle brAhmaNa pujArI kI bhakti kI rekhA choTI ho jAtI hai| hRdaya kI saccI niSThA jisa sthAna para rahatI hai, vahAM AkarSaNa avazya hotA hai| prema aura bhakti meM vaha vidyuccumbaka hai, jisase cetana kI to bAta hI kyA jar3a bhI AkRSTa ho sakatA hai| jahAM bhakti meM bhI zabdoM kI kalAbAjI hai, hadaya kA gAr3ha anurAga nahIM, vahAM pArAdhya kA darzana kahAM ? zraddhaya ke prati gAr3hAnurAga aura usake kaSTa se kisI bhI prakAra ke kaSTa kA anabhava karanA zIla kI pratikSaNa natana saSTi ziva ke netra nahIM rahane para bhillarAja ko krodha yA kheda karane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| pArAdhaka ko netrahIna rahane se usakA zIla hI netrahIna ho jaayegaa| ataH usake mana 1-sa0, pR0 266-267 / 2--vahI, pR0 267 //

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241 meM svAbhAvika pratikriyA utpanna hotI hai / vaha hRdayamandira meM pratiSThita pratimA kI vikRti ko apane netra dekara pUrA kara lenA cAhatA hai / yaha netradAna netra-bodhi prApti kA vyaMgya hai / zrataH niSkarSa rUpa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki nimna zreNI aura dalita varga ke pAtroM meM virecana dvArA unake rasAtala meM soye barbara kA vizuddhikaraNa kiyA gayA hai / ina puruSapAtroM ke zIla meM mAtra mUla bIjatva hI nahIM hai, balki pallava, puSpa Adi kI vyApaka saphalatA, prANaharItimA evaM zAkhAvistAra bhI vidyamAna hai | samarAiccakahA meM vividha zreNiyoM ke pAtroM ke saMzliSTazIla kA saprANa citraNa vidyamAna hai / nArIpAtra -- puruSapAtroM kI apekSA haribhadra ne nArIpAtroM kA caritra adhika svAbhAvika aura sajIva citrita kiyA hai / vibhinna varga kI nAriyoM kA manovijJAna inheM bahuta sundara hai| jahAM bhI jisa nArI-zIla ko uThAyA hai, usakA sAMgopAMga citraNa kiyA hai / yaha satya hai ki avAntara kathAeM kahI gayI haiM, ghaTita nahIM, ataH ina kathAoM meM vividha varga itane zradhika pAtra prAye haiM aura unake aneka jIvanoM kI kathAeM itanI saghana haiM, jisase ina avAntara yA upakathAoM meM zIla kA samucita vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai / mUla kathA meM Aye hue nArIpAtroM ke caritra pUrNa vikasita haiM / haribhadra ke nArIpAtra mAtra mAnasa kI upaja nahIM hai, balki ve isa duniyA ke duniyAvI pAtra haiM, jinameM zIla kA bhavya aura bhavya rUpa samAnatApUrvaka dekhA jA sakatA hai / eka ora haribhadra na kAlidAsa kI indumatI kA vilAsa apane nArIpAtroM meM bharA hai to dUsarI ora zakuntalA aura sItA kA svAbhimAna / priyaMvadA kA vinoda aura anusUyA kA viveka bhI unake strIpAtroM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / strI svabhAva sulabha IrSyA, ghRNA, kalaha ke pratirikta nissvArtha prema karane vAlI nAriyAM bhI haribhadra nArIpAtroM ke antargata dekhI jA sakatI haiM / nArIpAtroM ke zIla meM gAmbhIrya aura AyAma ye donoM guNa vidyamAna haiM / prAyaH sabhI nArIpAtra premila haiN| parantu unake svabhAva meM vibhinna vizeSatAeM vidyamAna haiM / sakhiyAM aura dAsiyAM bhI apanA nijI vyaktitva rakhatI haiM / pativratAoM ke sAtha kulaTA aura durAcAriNiyoM ke caritra udghATana meM bhI haribhadra pUrva saphalatA prApta kI hai / paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa nArI ko kitanA parivartita kara dete haiM, yaha inake nArI zIloM se jAnA jA sakegA / samAjazAstrIya aura manovaijJAnika donoM hI pahaluoM dvArA nArIpAtroM kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / kusumAvalI, jAlinI, ghanazrI, lakSmI, nayanAvalI, zAntimatI, yazodharA, anaMgavatI, khaNDapAnA aura vilAsavatI ina pradhAna nArI caritroM ke sAtha somA, candralekhA, madanalekhA, nAgazrI, sumaMgalA, nandivardhanA, zrImatI, narmadAdAsI, candrakAntA, nandayantI, zrIkAntA, lakSmImatI, nandimatI, zubhaMkarA, sundarI, vasumatI, devadattA, kAntimatI, mAtRpakSA, zrIdevI, lIlAvatI aura jayasundarI ina sahAyaka strI caritroM kA bhI aMkana kiyA gayA 1 kusumAvalI kA caritra una bhAratIya lalanAnoM kA pratinidhi caritra hai, jo madhya yuga meM vilAsa aura kartavya kA adbhuta sammizraNa apane bhItara rakhatI thIM / nAyikA ke samasta guNa to isameM haiM ho, para sAtha hI, pAtivrata aura gRhasaMcAlana kI kalA se bhI abhijJa hai / rAjaparivAroM meM vilAsa aura vaibhava kA jora rahane se pArivArika bAva ke saMgharSa kI ghar3iyAM kusumAvalI ko bhale hI na dekhanI par3I hoM, para apane pati 1 da0, hA0 pR0 208 / 16 - 22 eDa0

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242 ke prati saccA vizvAsa aura Adara bhAva usameM madhyakAlIna hI nahIM hai, kintu prAcIna kAlIna hai| eka bAra ha.daya kA prema jisa ora pravAhita ho gayA, hamezA ke lie use hadaya samarpita kara diyaa| kusumAvalI siMhakUmAra ko dekhate hI apanA havaya samarpita kara detI hai, usakI prApti ke lie becaina ho jAtI hai| vivAha ke pazcAt baha pati ko devatA aura prArAdhya samajhatI hai| jaba use siMhakumAra kI prAMtoM ke bhakSaNa kA vohada utpanna hotA hai, to vaha pati kI aniSTa saMbhAvanA se cintita ho jAtI hai| apane dohada ko chipAkara rakhatI hai| pariNAma yaha nikalatA hai ki vaha asvastha ho jAtI hai| siMhakamAra madanalekhA prAdi sakhiyoM se kasamAvalI ke dohada ko jAnakara matisAgara mantrI dvArA kRtrima rUpa se use sampanna karatA hai, jisase garbha kI asAtanA se rakSA ho jAtI hai| isa sthala para kusumAvalI kA mAtRtva bhAva jhAMkatA dikhalAyI par3atA hai / yataH mAtatva saMsAra ko sabase bar3I upalabdhi hai, sabase bar3I tapasyA, sabase bar3A tyAga aura sabase mahAn vijaya hai| ataH mAtA banane ke utsAha ke kAraNa kusumAvalI ko yaha nindha * dohada sampanna karanA par3atA hai| yaha usake caritra kA vaha udAtta dharAtala hai, jahAM nArI kA nArItva vikasita hotA hai| usake samakSa patikalyANa aura putramukhadarzana ina donoM kA saMgharSa hai / vaha yaha samajhatI hai ki yaha nincha garbha hai aura mere pati ko kaSTa degaa| karuNA saMcArI rUpa meM jAgrata hai, vaha apane meM khoyI aura DubI-sI rahatI hai| vaha kucha nirNaya nahIM kara paatii| maMtrI matisAgara ke parAmarzAnusAra utpanna hote hI putra ko eka dAI ko sauMpa detI hai| usakI dRSTi meM putra se adhika pati kA mUlya ho jAtA hai| ataH mAtRtva ko patnItva dabA detA hai| saMkSepa meM kusumAvalI rati-prItA aura prAnandasammohitA kA mizrita rUpa to hai hI, sAtha hI isake caritra meM kalApriyatA rahane se yaha atyanta bhAvuka aura saMvedanazIla hai| sacce artha meM vaha bhAvI patnI hai, gRhiNI ke nAte apane uttaradAyitva kA vaha pUrNa nirvAha karatI hai| yaha paritra sthira hI hai, parivartanazIlatA pratyakSa gocara nahIM ho pAyI hai| jAlinI mAtRtva ko viDambanA hai, vizva sAhitya meM aisI mAtAeM bahuta thor3I mileNgii| patnItva kA prADambara bhI isake caritra meM vidyamAna hai| nArI ke ukta donoM guNoM aura rUpoM kA sarvApahAra bahuta kama sthAnoM para isa prakAra upalabdha hogaa| nArI ko mAyAcAritA usake jIvana meM prAdyanta vyApta hai| putraghAta ke lie yaha SaDyantra taiyAra karane meM kisI rAjanaitika se kama nahIM hai| usakA yaha pecIdAzIla tAmasa koTi kI caramasImA hai| sahAnabhati aura mAtRtva prema kI gandha bhI usameM nahIM pAne pAyI hai| usakA AkrAmaka ahaM sarvadA zikhIkumAra ko mAra DAlane ke lie sannaddha hai| usake svabhAva kA nirmANa vimAtA ke paramANuoM se huA hai, ataH sarvavA apane putra para prati niSThura ho dAMva-peMca calAtI hai| ekAnta ke kisI kSaNa meM nirlajja aTTahAsa karate hue apane putra zikhIkumAra kA galA ghoMTa denA use saMsAra meM sabase adhika rucikara hai| lagatA hai ki usake jIvana kI yahI ekamAtra sAdha hai, yahI uddezya hai| zikhIkumAra ne munivrata kI dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI hai, isa samAcAra ko sunakara jAlinI somadeva ko use bulAne bhejatI haiN| somadeva zikhIkumAra ke pAsa jAkara kahatA hai--"prApakI mAtA jI pravRjita hone se bahuta duHkhI hai| unheM yaha vizvAsa hai ki Apa apanI mAtA jI se virakta hokara hI dIkSita hue haiN| prataH unakA pantas pIr3A se santapta hai| kRpayA mApa eka bAra yahAM calie aura unheM sAtvanA dIjie, jisase yaha svastha ho skeN|" 1-10, pR0 225 /

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243 sarala svabhAvI zikhIkumAra vizvAsa kara letA hai aura guru prAdeza lekara kauzAmbI balA dhAtA huuN| apanI saphAI dikhalAne tathA vizvAsa utpanna karane ke lie jAlinA faatkumAra se zrAvikA ke vrata grahaNa kara letI hai / vaha zikhIkumAra ke pAsa zrA- jAkara AtmIyatA bar3hAtI hai / use bhojana ke lie zrAmantraNa detI hai, para zramaNa-dharma ke viparIta hone ke kAraNa zikhIkumAra svIkAra nahIM karatA / eka dina prAtaHkAla hI tAlapuTa viSa sammizrita laDDU taiyAra kara zikhIkumAra ke pAsa jAtI hai aura mAyAcAra khilAkara usa munikumAra ko una viSaile laDDunoM ko khilAkara cira samAdhi meM lIna kara dene kA puNyArjana prApta karatI hai| nArI kA yaha jaghanya mAtRtva bahuta hI bhayAvanA zraura ghinaunA hai| mAtA kA yaha zIla anUThA haiM, virala haiM aura hai nArItva kA kalaMka / yaha prati yathArthavAdI caritra hai / jIvana meM hiMsA, krodha, mAna aura mAyA ko pradhAnatA dene vAle vyakti isI stara ke hote haiM / sAmAjika sambandhoM kA nirvAha unase sambhava hI nahIM hotA hai / haribhadra ne isa kutsita caritra ko bhI abhinayAtmaka zailI meM kathopakathanoM dvArA citrita kiyA hai / yaha satya hai ki jAlinI ke zIla meM kathAnaka anukUlatA guNa varttamAna hai / kathAnaka kA jhukAva aura vistAra punarjanma ke saMskAroM para avalambita haiM / ataH isa caritra meM virodhAbhAsa nahIM haiM / jAlinI jaMsI yathArthanAmavAlI mAtA ke sahayoga ke fart kaSAya-vikAroM kA vAstavika rUpa udghATita nahIM ho sakatA thA / dhanazrI aura lakSmI donoM hI manacalI patniyAM haiN| donoM hI apane patiyoM se ghRNA karatI haiM / rUpa- guNa, svabhAva eka-sA hote hue bhI donoM meM antara hai| donoM krUra hRdayA haiM, niSThuratA kI mUrti haiM, pati ko dhokhA denA aura use vipatti meM phaMsA denA donoM ke lie manovinoda kI vastu hai / vilAsa aura ucchRMkhala jIvana vyatIta karanA donoM kA lakSya hai / itanI samatA hote hue bhI donoM meM vibhinnatA yaha hai ki dhanazrI yauna-sambandha meM utanI zithila nahIM hai, jitanI lakSmI / lakSmI meM kAmukatA aura vilAsa vAsanA uddhArUpa meM vidyamAna hai / jo bhI yuvaka usake samparka meM zrAtA hai, vaha usIse vAsanAtmaka sambandha sthApita kara letI haiN| lagatA yaha hai ki vaha atyanta atRpta hai, usakI yauna kSudhA bar3I tIvra hai / usakA pati ke virodha kA kAraNa bhI yahI mAlUma hotA hai / dhanazrI bhI apane pati dhana se prema na kara nandaka nAmaka dAsa se prema karatI haiM aura usIse apanA anucita sambandha banAye rakhane ke lie pati ko virodhinI bana jAtI hai / adbhuta sthiti hai, nArI kA yaha titalIvAlA zIla bhAratIya zrAdarza nahIM ho sakatA hai / haribhadra ne yathArthavAda ke anusAra ina samasta strIpAtroM ke anta ko zuddha karane ke lie sArI gandagI ko nikAla bAhara kiyA hai / bhItara kI gandagI kI apekSA bAhara kI gandagI acchI hai / ataH haribhadra ne caritroM ke Upara lIpApotI nahIM kI haiM, balki unake yathArtharUpa ko, jaisA unhoMne samAja meM dekhA - samajhA hai, citrita kara diyA hai / caritra sthApatya kI dRSTi se haribhadra ne jarjara samAja kI mAnyatAoM ke viparIta apanA nArA bulanda kiyA haiM / loka nindA aura parivAra virodha kI cintA bhI inheM nahIM hai / dhanazrI aura lakSmI jaisI bhautikavAdI nAriyoM kI samAja meM kabhI kamI nahIM rahI haiM / ina donoM nAriyoM ke lambe jIvana meM aneka dhArmika aura rAjanaitika prasaMga upasthita hue haiM, para inake Upara unakA koI bhI prabhAva nahIM par3A hai| patiyoM ke Upara vipatti aura mauta ke garjata hue bAdaloM ko dekhakara bhI ye karuNA se nahIM psiijtiiN| lagatA hai ki prati yathArthavAdI ThoratA ne inheM itanA adhika prabhibhUta kara liyA hai, jisase inakI sahAnubhUti aura sahRdayatA naSTa ho gayI hai / bhautika samasyAoMoM kA naMgA nAca dekhanA hI inheM samba haiM / . haribhadra ko karma saMskAroM aura nidAna ke dhauvya ko niyativAdI zailI meM dikhalAnA hU~ / yataH lakSmI aura dhanabhI ke caritroM ke jIte-jAgate citroM ke prabhAva meM unakA madhya hI pUrA nahIM ho sakatA thaa| jisa prakAra apa-TU-cheTa citrazAlA meM sabhI prakAra

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244 ke raMga-viraMge citra rahate haiM, tabhI usa citrazAlA kA yathArtha saundarya prakaTa hotA hai, usI prakAra kathAoM meM jIvana ke vyApaka aura sarvadezIya caritroM kA rahanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| karma kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke lie yathArthavAdI-anaMgavatI aura prati yathArthavAdI dhanazrI, lakSmI aura nayanAvalI ke caritroM kA citraNa atyAvazyaka hai| jIvana ke kuzala kalAkAra haribhadra ina nArIcaritroM kI upekSA nahIM kara sakate the| - yathArtha aura ati-yathArthavAdI caritroM ke alAvA prAdarza caritroM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai| ratnavatI kA caritra Adarza bhAratIya ramaNI kA caritra hai, jisake lie pati hI saba kucha hai, pati ke abhAva meM vaha eka kSaNa bhI jIvita nahIM rahanA cAhatI haiN| jaba vAnamantara ayodhyA meM Akara yaha asatya pracAra kara detA hai ki kumAra guNacandra ko vigraha ne mAra DAlA hai, to vaha mUchita ho jAtI hai| apane zvasura maitrIbala ko bulAkara nivedana karatI hai ki-"ha tAt ! mujha durbhAgyazAlinI ko Apa jAnate hI haiM, aba maiM apane ArAdhya ke binA eka kSaNa bhI jIvita rahanA nahIM cAhatI hUM, ataH maiM apane ina nirlajja aura niSThura prANoM ko agni meM praveza karake naSTa kara denA cAhatI huuN| Apa Adeza dIjie, jisase maiM svarga meM apane pati ke zIghra darzana kara skuuN| maitrabala sAntvanA detA hai aura kahatA hai ki yaha asaMbhava bAta hai| guNacandra ko parAsta karane kI zakti vigraha meM nahIM hai| ataH maiM teja calanevAle dUtoM ko kumAra kA kuzala samAcAra lAne ke lie bhejatA huuN| vaha punaH apane zvasura se anurodha karatI hai ki pAMca dinoM meM yadi kuzala samAcAra prApta na hogA to maiM agni meM praviSTa ho jaauuNgii| haribhadra ne isa prakAra ratnavatI ke caritra kA Adarza aura anukaraNIya rUpa upasthita kiyA hai| bhAratIya ramaNI kA zIla hI sarvopari guNa hai, vaha yahAM pUrNarUpa se vartamAna hai / __nArI kI mAyAcAritA aura usake buddhicamatkAra ko khaNDapAnA ke caritra meM gumphita kara haribhadra ne apane caritroM kI pUrNatA ko vyakta kiyA hai| khaNDapAnA apane baddhi vaibhava se pAMca sau dhUrtoM ko bhojana detI hai| eka seTha ko Thagakara ratnajaTita aMgUThI prApta karatI hai| usakI buddhi ke samakSa sabhI loga jhuka jAte haiN| usake caritra ko dRr3hatA bhI apane DhaMga kI hai| isa prakAra haribhadra ne zIla ke bhoktatva pakSa kA sundara udghATana kiyA hai| yaha kahanA asaMgata nahIM hogA ki haribhadra jo bhI caritra jisa rUpa meM aMkita karanA cAhate hai, usakI bIjAvasthA kA saMketa prArambha meM hI kara dete haiN| caritroM meM gatyAtmakatA kI kamI avazya hai, para kaI pAtroM meM AdhyAtmikatA meM kAmukatA aura kAmukatA meM AdhyAtmikatA kA sammizraNa kara caritra ko saprANa aura svAbhAvika banAyA hai| ___haribhadra ke zIla meM pAThakoM ke hRdaya meM mUlabandhutva jAgarita karane kI kSamatA pUrNarUpa se vartamAna hai| mAnavIya vyApAroM ko nitAnta zuSka yA nIrasa nahIM banAyA gayA hai| karma paravaza mAnava kI sahasroM prakAra kI lAcArI aura hInatAoM ko dikhalAta hue bhI haribhadra ne zIla kA nirmANa jIvana kI paddhati para kiyA hai| inake pAtroM kA zIla jar3a nahIM, cetana hai aura hai jIvana kA sahodara / ekAdha sthala para vyAvahArikatA meM bAdhA pahuMcAne vAlI rugNa bhAvukatA milatI hai, para vaha bhI yathArthavAdI hai| saMkSepa meM bhinna-bhinna paristhitiyoM aura bhinna-bhinna pratikriyAoM ke bIca zIla kA vikAsa vikhalA kara haribhadra ne apanI kalA kI utkRSTatA kA pramANa upasthita kiyA hai| haribhadra ke zIla nirUpaNa meM nimna vidhiyoM kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai : 1--vivaraNAtmaka yA vizleSaNAtmaka vidhi| 2--abhinyaatmk| 3--sNketaatmk| 4--mnovikaarodyotaatmk| 1--sa., .0 814 //

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245 SaSTha prakaraNa lokakathA - tattva aura kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM / 1- lokakathA-tattva yoM to haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAeM dharma-kathAeM haiM, para inameM lokakathA ke tattva bhI paryApta mAtrA meM samAhita haiM / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ina kathAoM meM aise sabhI prAcIna vizvAsoM, prathAoM aura paramparAoM kA saMpUrNa yoga vidyamAna hai, jo sabhya samAja ke prazikSita yA alpazikSita logoM ke bIca Aja bhI pracalita haiM / isakI paridhi meM buddhicamatkAra, lokAnuzrutiyAM, purANagAthAeM, andhavizvAsa, lokavizvAsa, utsava, rItiyAM, paramparAgata manoraMjana, kalA-kauzala, loka nRtya Adi sabhI bAteM sammilita haiM / lokavArttA kI vivecanA karate hue DA0 satyendra ne likhA hai ki- "yaha eka jAti bodhaka zabda kI bhAMti pratiSThita ho gayA hai, jisake antargata pichar3I jAtiyoM meM pracalita prathavA apekSAkRta samunnata jAtiyoM ke prasaMskRta samudAyoM meM avaziSTa vizvAsa, rIti-rivAja, kahAniyAM, gIta tathA kahAvateM AtI haiM / prakRti ke cetana tathA jar3a jagata ke sambandha meM mAnava svabhAva tathA manuSya kRta padArthoM ke sambandha meM, bhUta-pretoM kI duniyA tathA usake sAtha manuSyoM ke sambandhoM ke viSaya meM, jAdU TonA, sammohana, vazIkaraNa, tAbIja, bhAgya, zakuna, roga tathA mRtyu ke sambandha meM Adima tathA asabhya vizvAsa isake kSetra meM prata haiM / aura bhI isameM vivAha, uttarAdhikAra, bAlyakAla tathA praur3ha jIvana ke rIti-rivAja tathA anuSThAna aura tyohAra, yuddha, AkheTa, pazupAlana Adi viSayoM ke bhI rIti-rivAja aura anuSThAna isameM sammilita haiM" / " kathAoM meM lokamAnasa kI sahaja aura svAbhAvika abhivyakti kA rahanA hI lokakathAtattva hai / kathAkAra jo kucha kahatA-sunatA hai, use samUha kI vANI banAkara aura samUha meM ghula milakara hI / yahI kAraNa hai ki lokakathAoM meM lokasaMskRti kA vAstavika pratibimba rahatA hai / jo kathAeM loka citta se sIdhe utpanna hokara savasAdhAraNa ko prAndolita, cAlita aura prabhAvita karatI haiM aura janatA kI bolI meM likhI jAtI haiM, ve lokakathAoM ke pada para AsIna hone kI adhikAriNI haiM / lokacetanA kA sAhitya apanI mUla preraNA lokamAnasa se grahaNa karatA hai, kintu usakA UparI DhAMcA sAhitya kI zAstrIya mArmikatAoM para zrAzrita hotA hai / lokakathAeM mAnavajAti kI Adima paramparAtroM, prathAoM aura usake vibhinna prakAra ke vizvAsoM kA vAstavika pratinidhitva karatI haiM / sAre vizva meM lokakathAoM kA rUpa prAyaH eka jaisA hI pAyA jAtA hai aura viSaya vastu tathA kathanazailI kI dRSTi se inameM samAna rUr3hiyoM aura samAna abhiprAyoM kA hI upayoga huA hai / laukika saundarya bodha, lokacintA kI ekarUpatA aura sAmAnya abhivyaMjanA praNAlI vizva kI lokakathAnoM meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hai / haribhadra ne apanI prAkRta kathAoM ko lokabhASA meM likhA hai / ataH inakI kathAoM meM lokakathA ke lokadharma, lokacitra aura lokabhASA ye tInoM hI tattva vidyamAna haiM / inhoMne kathAnoM meM ADambarapUrNa yajJa-yAgAdi anuSThAnoM kA nirAkaraNa kara loka mAnasa kA sparza karane vAle lokadharma kA svarUpa varNita kiyA hai / inakI prAkRta kathAoM meM madhya yuga ke dalita aura madhyama ina donoM vargoM ke tatkAlIna rIti-rivAja, vizvAsa, 1 - brajaloka sAhitya kA adhyayana, pR0 4 /

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246 mAnyatAe~, rahana-sahana prAvi kA sajIva rUpa aMkita hai / prata: inakI prAkRta kavAcoM meM loka paramparA kI aitihAsika, sAmUhika vizvAsoM kI manovaijJAnika aura loka raMjana kI sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi varttamAna hai / isakA sabase bar3A prabala kAraNa yaha hai ki jo bhI lekhaka janatA ke nikaTa jAne kI zrAvazyakatA samajhatA hai, prathavA loka jIvana ko kisI prakAra kA dhArmika, sAmAjika yA anya kisI prakAra kA upadeza denA cAhatA hai, vaha apanI kathAoM ko lokatattvoM se abhimaMDita kiye binA raha nahIM sakatA hai / lokatattvoM ke yoga se kI gayI zrabhijAta sAhitya kI racanA loka saMskRti kA digdarzana karAne meM pUrNa sakSama hotI haiM / itihAsa kevala rAjAoM aura mahArAjAoM ke aizvarya evaM unakI jaya-parAjaya kI kahAnI kahatA hai, para janatA kA saccA pratinidhi haribhadra jaisA kalAkAra janajIvana aura usakI prAcIna saMskRti kA vivecana karatA hai / yaha sarvamAnya satya hai ki prabuddha sAhityakAra para samakAlIna sAmAjika paristhitiyoM kA ghanA prabhAva par3atA hai / yaha jAne yA zranajAne rUpa meM lokamAnasa se prabhAvita hokara loka saMskRti kI vivecanA karatA calatA hai / haribhadra ke yuga meM aMdhavizvAsa, tantra-mantra, hiMsAmayI pUjA, nAnA matavAda evaM zrAdhyAtma sambandhI vibhinna mAnyatAe~ pracalita thIM / ataH inhoMne zAstrIya maryAdAoM se kathAnoM ko maMDita karane para bhI apanI kathAkRtiyoM meM lokacetanA evaM lokasaMskRti kI aneka chaviyAM aMkita kI haiM / loka sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAnoM ne lokakathA ke tatva aura guNadharmoM ke prAdhAra para batalAyA hai ki lokakathAoM meM nimna vizeSatAoM kA pAyA jAnA zrAvazyaka haiM :-- (1) lokakathAe~ paramparA dvArA pracalita hotI haiM-- yaha paramparA cAhe maukhika aura likhita ho, cAhe sAhitya dvArA gRhIta aura likhita ho / (2) inakA deza-kAla bahudhA zrAzcaryajanaka aura kalpanA maMDita hotA hai / ( 3 ) inameM aprAkRtika, pratiprAkRtika tathA pramAnavIya tatvoM kA samAveza rahatA hai' / (4) ye lokaruci kA lokaraMjaka citraNa karatI haiM / ( 5 ) lokacitta ko Andolita karanA, prerita karanA aura nizcita uddezya kI zrora le jAnA / (6) lokabhASA meM hI lokAnuzruti prApta kathAoM ko lipibaddha karanA / ( 7 ) aitihAsika, rUr3higata aura paurANika ghaTanAoM kA kalpanA ke sAtha sammi zraNa | prAkRta bhASA lokakathA ke uparyukta mUlyAMkana se spaSTa hai ki haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA jaMsI bahumUlya prAkRta kathAkRti meM lokakathA ke paryApta guNadharma vidyamAna haiM / janabhASA hai aura haribhadra kI kathAeM isI bhASA meM nibaddha haiM, lokabhASA meM loka paraparA se prApta kathAnaka sUtroM ko saMghaTita kara lokamAnasa ko prAndolita karane vAlI lokAnuraMjaka kathAe~ likhakara haribhadra ne lokakathA sAhitya kA praNayana kiyA hai / vizle - SaNa karane para haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAkRtiyoM meM nimnAMkita lokakathA ke tattva upalabdha hote haiM ( 1 ) prema kA abhinna puTa / ( 2 ) svastha zRMgArikatA / ( 3 ) mUla pravRttiyoM kA niraMtara sAhacaryaM / 1----sTainDarDa DikzanarI Apha phaoNkalora, maitholojI aiMDa lIjenDa, bhAga 1, pR0 406 2 - milTana rugaphpha - e hAravesTa oNpha varlDa phaoNklora, pu0 15-16 /

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(4) lokamaMgala / (5) dharmazraddhA / (6) zrAdimamAnasa / ( 7 ) rahasya / (8) kutahala / ( 2 ) manoraMjana | (10) amAnavIya tattva | ( 11 ) prAkRtikatA / (12) pratiprAkRtikatA / (13) andhavizvAsa / (14) upadezAtmakatA -- jIvana ke kaTu aura madhu anubhavoM kI nItimUlaka vyAkhyA / 247 (15) anuzrutimUlakatA- -- prAyaH ghaTanAe~ sunAyI jAtI haiM, ghaTita kama hotI haiM-maukhikatA / (16) prabhuta tattva kA samAveza -- zrAzcarya kA samAveza / (17) hAsya-vinoda - kathopakathanoM yA anya bAtoM meM hAsya-vinoda kA honA / (18) pArivArika jIvana-citraNa | (19) milana - bAdhAe~ - nAyaka-nAyikA ke milana meM prAnevAlI aneka bAdhAe~ / ( 20 ) lokamAnasa kI taralatA / (21) pUrvajanmoM ke saMskAra aura phalopabhoga / (22) mahatvAkAMkSAtroM kI abhivyakti yA sAhasa kA nirUpaNa / (23) janabhASAtattva --- janabhASA kA prayoga | (24) sarala abhivyaMjanA | (25) janamAnasa kA pratiphalana / (26) paramparA kI prakSuNNatA / ( 1 ) prema kA abhinna puTa haribhadra ne apanI sabhI prAkRta kathAoM meM prema kA abhinna puTa dikhalAyA hai / mAnavajIvana se sambandha rakhane vAlI inakI prAkRta kathAoM meM prema kA varNana vibhinna rUpoM meM huA hai| bhAI aura bahana ke vizuddha prema kA nidarzana samarAiccakahA ke chaThaveM bhava meM guNazrI ke sAtha dhanapati tathA dhanAvaha nAma ke bhAiyoM kA milatA hai / guNazrI vidhavA ho jAne ke bAda saMsAra tyAga kara sAdhvI bana jAnA cAhatI hai, vaha apane bhAiyoM se pradeza prApta karatI haiM / bhAI premavaza use ghara tyAga karane kI anumati nahIM dete haiN| ve kahate haiM -- " etthava ThiyA jahAsamIhiyaM kuNasu ti / to kArAviyaM jiNaharaM, bhAraviya zro paDimA phUllabaligandhacandaNAiesu pAraddho mahAvo / arthAt 'bahana' 1- bhaga0 saM0 sa0, 0 614 /

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248 tuma yahIM raha kara yathAzakti dharmasAdhana karo" / ve usake dharmasAdhana ke liye pracura dhana vyaya kara jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAte haiM, usameM sundara manojJa pratimAe~ sthApita karAte haiM / pUjana ke nimitta puSpa, candana, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa Adi kA prabandha karate haiN| bahana ke prati ise hama karttavya kI bhAvanA nahIM kaha sakate haiM, balki yaha vizuddha prema hai / bahana bhI apane bhAiyoM se vaisA hI vizuddha prema rakhatI hai / jaba dhanapati apanI patnI dhanazrI ko usake caritra para zrAzaMkA kara ghara se nikAla detA hai, to bahana guNazrI hI usa dampatti ke bIca meM par3a kara sandhi karAtI hai / bahana ko bhI isa bAta kI cintA hai ki ghara kI ekatA aura premabhAva prakSuNNa rahanA caahiye| jahAM prema haiM, vahIM sAmrAjya aura sukha hai / pati-patnI ke madhura prema ke to aneka udAharaNa Aye haiM / vilAsaant' kA sanatkumAra ke sAtha prema Adarza dAmpatya prema hai / tAmralipta se sanatkumAra ke cale jAne para vaha ghara se nikala jAtI hai aura aneka prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karatI huI apane zrArAdhya ko prApta karatI hai / yaha prema ekAMgI nahIM hai, balki donoM hI prora hai / sanatkumAra bhI vilAsavatI se utanA hI adhika prema karatA hai / samudrataTa para vidyAdhara dvArA vilAsavatI kA apaharaNa kiye jAne para vaha zrAtmahatyA karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai / yahAM mAtra vAsanA nahIM hai, kintu prema kA udAtta rUpa hai / rAnI zAntimatI aura senakumAra kA caritra bhI Adarza gArhasthika jIvana ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hai / ina donoM ke madhura aura sthAyI prema kA yaha udAharaNa samAja ke liye atyanta anukaraNIya hai / senakumAra jaba zavaroM se yuddha karane lagatA hai, to zAntimatI use khojane cala detI hai, pati ke abhAva meM use sArA saMsAra kATane daur3atA hai / jaba vaha pati ko prApta karane meM apane ko asamartha pAtI hai, to vRkSa se jhUla kara apanA zranta kara denA cAhatI hai / saMyogavaza usake gale se latAoM kA bandhana chUTa jAtA hai aura vaha girakara mUrchita ho jAtI hai / free ke tapasvI prAzrama meM rahane vAle RSikumAroM meM se koI kumAra vahAM zrA jAtA hai aura usa anindya sundarI ko dekha Azcarya - cakita ho jAtA hai / zrAzrama meM le jAkara use kulapati ke saMrakSaNa meM rakha detA hai / idhara zAntimatI ke prabhAva meM kumAra kI burI avasthA ho rahI hai / pallIpati zAntimatI kI talAza karane ke liye cAroM ora apane vyaktiyoM ko bhejatA hai / matI ke prema meM atyanta zrAkula haiM / kumAra zAnti dAmpatya prema kA eka aura udAttarUpa ratnavatI aura kumAra guNacandra ke zIla meM upalabdha hotA hai / kumAra guNacandra ratnavatI ke citra ko dekhakara tathA ratnavatI kumAra ka citra ko dekhakara paraspara meM prema vibhora ho jAte haiM / yahI prema vivAha ke rUpa meM pallavita hotA hai / vivAha ke pazcAt jaba kumAra guNacandra vigraha ke sAtha yuddha karane calA jAtA hai aura bAnamantara yuddha meM kumAra ke mAre jAne kA mithyA pravAda ayodhyA meM prAkara pracArita kara detA hai, jisase ratnavatI ghabar3A jAtI hai aura pAMca dinoM taka kumAra kA kuzala samAcAra na milane para AtmahatyA karane kI pratijJA karatI hai / kumAra kI kuzalatA ke liye zAntikarma aura anuSThAna Adi bhI karatI hai / prema kA yaha nizchala rUpa zIla kA puTapAka hai / mAtA aura putra ke vAtsalya kA saMketa dazavekAlika kI TIkA meM prAyI huI laghukathA meM milatA hai / vAstava meM putra sneha adbhuta hai / mAM apane putra ko prANoM se bhI 1 - - bhaga0 saM00 pR0 76 / 2- vahI, pR0 662 / 3-samarAiccakahA- aSTamabhavakathA /

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246 adhika pyAra karatI hai / vaha svayaM kAma meM samaya vyatIta karane para bhI apane lADale ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM hone detI / usakI kAmanA rahatI hai ki putra sukhI rahe, cAhe vaha kahIM kyoM na calA jAya / putra kI maMgala kAmanA mAtA kA vizeSa guNa hai / kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka mukadamA tIna dinoM se cala rahA thA, para usakI pecIdagI ke kAraNa usakA nirNaya nahIM ho sakA thA / bAta yaha thI ki do mahilAe~ eka putra ke liye jhagar3a rahI thIM / eka hI putra para donoM kA adhikAra thA / va donoM hI use samAnarUpa se pyAra karatI thiiN| donoM hI putra ko apanA batalAtI thIM / donoM ne isa bAta ke nirNaya ke liye nyAyAlaya meM vivAda upasthita kiyA thA ki vastutaH putra kA adhikArI kauna hai / rAjA, maMtrI Adi sabhI isa nirNaya meM vyasta the, para yathArtha nirNaya karane kI kSamatA kisI meM nahIM thI / eka ajanabI paradezI prAyA aura nyAyAlaya kA praveza lekara usa vivAda kA nirNaya karane lgaa| usane donoM hI mahilAoM ko bulAkara kahA ki - "zrApaloga samajhautA nahIM karatI haiM, isaliye maiM isa putra ke do hisse kATa kara kiye detA hU, zrApaloga eka-eka hissA le lIjiye / isa prakAra jAyadAda ke bhI do hisse kara eka-eka hissA ApalogoM ko de diyA jAyagA / " jisakA vAstavika putra thA, vaha rone lagI aura bolI zrApa putra aura jAyadAda donoM hI use sauMpa veM, mujhe kucha nahIM cAhiye / putra jIvita rahegA, to merA mana use dekhakara hI prAnanda kI anubhUti kara liyA kregaa| mujhe jAyadAda se priya putra kA jIvana hai / ataH maiM jAtI hU~, Apa putra ise de dIjiye / Agantuka nyAyAdhIza sArA tathya samajha gayA aura usane yathArtha mAM ko putra sauMpa diyA / isase spaSTa hai ki mAM kA vAtsalya putra ke prati apAra hotA hai / haribhadra ne mAtRvAtsalya kA nirUpaNa apanI kathAnoM meM paryApta mAtrA meM kiyA hai / mAtRprema, pitRprema, adi kA bhI sundara vizleSaNa haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAnoM meM vidyamAna hai / (2) svastha zRMgArikatA- haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM prema tatva kA yatheSTa sanniveza haiM / naisargika prema meM kAmanA upasthita rahatI hai, para azlIlatA yA kutsita prema isameM nahIM haiM / kAmavAsanA yA saundaryaloka se janita prema vizaddha kahalAne kA adhikArI nahIM hai / yaha dhyAtavya hai ki haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM meM zrRMgArarasa kI maryAdA surakSita rakhI hai / yadyapi isa maryAdA kA sambandha abhijAta sAhitya ke sAtha bhI hai, para donoM ke guNa dharmo meM antara hai / lokakathAoM ke prema meM pradarzana kI bAta nahIM rahatI hai, para abhijAta kathAoM ke nAyaka-nAyikAoM meM prema bhAvanA vastu kA sthAna le letI hai / phalataH prema lokakathAoM meM anagar3ha rUpa meM upasthita rahatA hai aura abhijAta sAhitya meM isake Upara pAliza kara dI jAtI hai / haribhadra kI kathAoMoM meM nayanAvalI aura anaMgavatI jaisI premikAe~ vAsanAgrasta dikhalAyI par3atI haiM / isakA yaha rUpa bhI lokakathAoMoM meM samAna hai / lokakathAoM ke zrRMgAra tattva kI yathArtha jAnakArI prApta karane ke liye sAmAjika paramparAoM kI pRSThabhUmi kA avalokana karanA parama zrAvazyaka hai / yaha pRSThabhUmi hI zRMgAra ke guNadharma kA nirNaya karatI hai ki yaha loka sAhitya kI bhAvanA hai yA abhijAta sAhitya kI / 1 - - tattha yataIpro divaso vavahArassa chijjaMtassa paricchejjaM na gacchai, do savattIzro - da0 hA0 pR0 216 /

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____25. (3) mUlavRttiyoM kA nirantara sAhacarya-- manuSya kA pratyeka kArya usakI mUlavRttiyoM ke dvArA saMcAlita rahatA hai| mUla prathA tiyAM ve kahalAtI hai, jinakA jIvana ke sAtha anvaya-vyatireka rUpa sambandha hai| sukhaduHkha, prAzA-nirAzA, kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, mAyA, moha, eSaNA prAdi aisI hI pravRttiyAM haiM, jo sadA se anusyUta calI A rahI hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAnoM meM aisI cinagArI nahIM milatI haiM, jo eka kSaNa meM prakAza pradAna kara zAnta ho jAya, balki inameM nihita bhAvanAe~ usa aMgAre ke samAna hai, jo bahuta samaya taka dahakatA rahatA hai / prAzaya yaha hai ki haribhadra ke dvArA gRhIta ghaTanAe~ lambe samaya taka calatI haiM, jisase mUlabhUta pravRttiyoM ko adhika samaya taka apanA rUpa pradarzita karane kA avasara milatA hai / pAtra bhI vibhinna vargoM se grahaNa kiye gaye haiM, ataH kaI pravRttiyoM ko eka kAla meM prAdUrbhata hone kA avasara milA hai| jina ghaTanAoM yA kathAnakoM ko haribhadra ne grahaNa kiyA hai, ve zAzvatika satya ke pratIka hai| pUrI samarAiccakahA bhAgya aura punarjanma kA siddhAnta upasthita kara jIvana kI vyAkhyA karatI hai| krodha kA duSpariNAma prathama bhava kI kathA upasthita karatI hai, to dvitIya bhava kI kathA mAna kA aura tRtIya bhava kI kathA mAyA kaa| kaSAya vikAroM ke vibhinna rUpa, jo Adima mAnava se lekara aAja taka ke vyakti meM pAye jAte haiM, unakA loka janIna rUpa ina kathAnoM meM upalabdha hai| prasanna yA azikSita vyakti ke vikAra aura sabhya yA zikSita vyakti ke vikAroM meM mUlataH koI antara nahIM hotA / antara kevala abhivyakti kI paddhati meM rahatA hai| abhivyaMjanA kI dRSTi se haribhadra kI kathAoM meM vikAroM ke donoM rUpa nAgarika aura grAmINa upalabdha hai| (4) loka maMgala:-- haribhadra' kI kathAnoM meM prAdyanta loka maMgala kI bhAvanA vidyamAna hai| haribhadra ne prANImAtra ke kalyANa ke liye ina kathAoM kA niyojana kiyA hai / dharaNa ke caritra se prasanna hokara rAjA usase varadAna mAMgane ko kahatA hai / dharaNa nija svArtha kI bAta na kara lokamaMgala kI bAta kahatA hai / vaha rAjA se yAcanA karatA hai"payacchau devo niyarajje savvasattANaM vandimokkhaNaM savvasattANamabhayappayANaM ca" arthAta "he mahArAja ! Apa rAjya ke samasta prANiyoM ko bandhanamukta kara dIjiye aura samasta prANiyoM ko abhaya diijiye|" prANiyoM kI rakSA, anukampA aura dayAlutA hI meM prANimAtra kA kalyANa nihita hai| sabhI prANI sukhI, zAnta, svastha aura kalyANa kA jIvana vyatIta kara sake, yahI uddezya haribhadra kA hai| zreSTha yA uttama vicAra ke pAtra apane svArtha kI bAta nahIM karate haiM, unakI dRSTi meM samAja yA lokahita hI nijahita hai| 5 dharmazraddhA-- loka jIvana ke vikAsa ke liye dhArmika zraddhA kA rahanA parama pAvazyaka hai / dharma eka aisA sambala hai, jisase jIvana kA vikAsa nirantara hotA rahatA hai| dharmazraddhA jahAM rahatI hai, vahAM sAtvika buddhi kA nirmANa hotA hai / viSaya-bhogoM kA daravAjA banda hokara AtmavikAsa kA avasara milatA jAtA hai| kriyA vyApAra ke sAtha prAntarika bhAva kA mela ho jAtA hai, ahaMbhAva kA pariSkAra hokara hRdaya svaccha ho jAtA hai, - - - - - - - - - - 1---sa.,pa0 565 /

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251 aura prAtmA paramAnanda se prApUrita ho jAtI hai| haribhA meM apanI prAta kapAtroM meM barmamatA para bar3A jora diyA hai| janma-janmAntara ke saMskAroM kA parimArjana isI bhatA ke dvArA hotA hai| ahiMsA, satya, pracaurya, brahmavarSa aura aparigraha rUpa dharma kI bhatA hI vyakti ke jIvana meM sukha-zAMti utpanna karatI hai| (6) Adima mAnasa (primITiva mAinDa)-- prAdima mAnava prAkRtika vibhUtiyoM ko dekhakara prabhAvita hunA hogaa| usane sUrya, candra, prAkAza, pRthvI, agni Adi se camatkRta hokara inheM apanA ArAdhya yA zaktimAna sahAyaka samajhA hogaa| per3a, paudhe, nadI, pahAr3a, samudra prabhRti ko bhI usane zraddhA se dekhA hogA / haribhadra ne apanI kathAnoM meM pralaya, sRSTi kI utpatti, svarga, naraka, vizeSa prathA prAdi kA nirUpaNa mAdima vizvAsoM ke anusAra kiyA hai / samundra yAtrA karate vyApArI loga samudra ko devatA mAnakara pUjate the| dharaNa jaisA vicAraka bhI isa mAdima vizvAsa se mukta nahIM hai| vaha bhI samudra ke kinAre jAkara samudra kI pUjA karatA hai, use ardhya detA hai aura jaba yAnapAtra para prArur3ha hotA hai to devaguru kI vandanA karatA hai| isa prakAra ke vizvAsa manuSya ke prAcIna kAla se hI cale pA rahe hai| isI prakAra roga yA vipatti ko dUra karane ke lie, zAnti-anuSThAnoM kA kiyA jAnA mAdima vizvAsa kA phala hai| anAdi kAla se manuSya isa prakAra kI bAtoM para vizvAsa karatA calA A rahA hai| jaba rAjA guNasena bImAra ho jAtA hai, usakI zirovedanA use apAra kaSTa detI hai, to maMtrimaMDala zAnti-anuSThAna kI yojanA karatA hai / haribhadra maNi, maMtra, taMtra, vidyA prAdi ke camatkAroM ko abhivyakta karate haiN| (7) rahasya-- . lokakathAoM kA eka tasva rahasyoM kA udghATana karanA bhI hai| rahasya se tAtparya hai gUr3ha, chipI, tattvapUrNa evaM tantra-maMtra kI una zaktiyoM se jinameM gopanIyatA bahuta dUra taka praviSTa rahatI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jina bAtoM kI jAnakArI sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM ko nahIM ho aura na jinakA jJAna indriya pratyakSa ke dvArA hI saMbhava ho, unheM rahasya kahA jAtA hai| haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM meM pUrvajanmoM kI kitanI hI gopanIya zRMkhalAoM kA udghATana kiyA hai| nArikela vRkSa kI jar3a parvata kA udbhedana karatI huI nIce taka kyoM pahuMca gayI hai ? isa rahasya kA udghATana tRtIya bhava kI kathA meM ajitadeva tIrthakara ke dvArA ajitasena kI kathA meM karAyA gayA hai / isa kathA ko kahane vAlA prAcArya vijaya siMha hai| nAriyala kI jaDa sAdhAraNa nahIM hai| isake pIche aneka janmoM kA itihAsa chipA hai| do jIvoM kI ekAMgI zatrutA kitane bhavoM yA janmoM taka calatI jAtI hai aura ve apanI sat-asat pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa kisa prakAra saMsAra paribhramaNa karate hai, yaha isa avAntara kathA se sahaja meM jAnA jA sakatA laukikatA se vimukha hokara jaba kisI ajJAta, rahasyamaya alaukika zakti ke prati rAga, utsukatA vismaya, jijJAsA yA lAlasA utpanna hotI hai, taba rahasyodghATana kI sthiti AtI hai / sRSTi kA rahasya, mAnava kA rahasya, prAdhyAtmikatA kA rahasya evaM prakRti kA rahasya haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM udghATita kiyA gayA hai| ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se rahasya kA vizleSaNa rahane se kathAeM bhI sarasa aura hRdayagrAhI bana gayI hai| 1--sa0, pa.0 5401

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252 (8) kutUhala -- lokakathAe~ prAyaH maukhika rUpa meM kahI sunI jAtI haiM / yaha kahanA - sunanA tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba hamameM kutUhala pravRtti rahe / prAyaH kathA meM yaha jijJAsA rahatI haiM ki For kyA huA kI pravRtti abhijAta kathAoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai, para isakA jitanA prAdhikya lokakathA meM rahatA hai, utanA abhijAta kathA meM nahIM / kutUhala kI vRtti ke kAraNa loka pracalita vizvAsoM, rIti-rivAjoM, prathAoM aura paramparAoM kA sundara vizleSaNa haribhadra kI kathAoM meM AyA hai / haribhadra ne apanI samarAiBase meM pradhAna kathA aura avAntara kathAoM kA aisA sundara gumphana kiyA hai, jisase kathA meM sarvatra kutUhala vRtti surakSita hai / yaha pravRtti hameM inakI laghukathAoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| buddhi camatkAra sambandhI jitanI laghukathAeM haribhadra kI haiM, unameM kutUhala kI mAtrA adhika se adhika hai / kutUhala pravRtti ke kAraNa hI kathAoM kI upanyAsa ke samAna ho jAtI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki kathAoMoM para kathAeM nikalatI calI jAtI haiM / eka kathA kA silasilA samApta nahIM hotA hai, dUsarI kathA prArambha ho jAtI hai / jaba taka dUsarI meM kyA huA kI pravRtti banI hI rahatI hai, tabataka tIsarI kathA upasthita hokara eka nayA kutUhala utpanna kara detI haiM / isa prakAra haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM kutUhala kI pravRtti AdyopAnta ghanIbhUta hai / lokakathA kA kutUhala pramukha guNa haiM / bar3e-bar3e kathaka apanI kathA ko lokapriya banAye rakhane ke liye kutUhala kA sanniveza karate haiM / isa prakAra kI kathAoM meM, kevala kalpanA hI nahIM rahatI, balki nijandharopanA adhika rahatA hai / lambAi (9) manoraMjana -- manoraMjana kathA kA pramukha guNa haiM / lokakathAoM meM jisa prakAra karmatatva anusyUta hai, usI prakAra manoraMjana bhii| manoraMjana ke prabhAva meM kathA meM kathArasa kI prApti hI nahIM ho sakatI hai / ataH manoraMjana guNa kA kathA meM rahanA Avazyaka haiM / haribhadra ne apanI prAkRta kathAoM ko lokaruci ke anukUla gar3hA hai / zrataH manoraMjana guNa kA kathA meM pUrNatayA sampRkta rahanA zrAvazyaka hai / grAmINa gAr3IvAna aura itanA bar3A laDDu prabhRti kathAeM zuddha manoraMjana utpanna karatI haiM / (10) amAnavIya tattva- amAnavIya se tAtparya una kAryoM se haiM, jinheM sAdhAraNataH manuSya nahIM kara sakate haiM / ina asaMbhava aura dussaha kAryoM ke karane ke liye lokakathAoM meM ekAdha pAtra isa prakAra kA kalpita kiyA jAtA hai, jo amAnavIya kAryo ko kara dikhAtA hai / pazu-pakSiyoM kI bolI ko samajhanA, rUpa parivartana kara lenA, zrasaMbhava bAtoM kI jAnakArI prApta kara lenA, agni meM praviSTa hone para bhI bhasma na honA Adi bAteM isake antargata AtI haiM / haribhadra ne apanI prAkRta kathAnoM meM isa tattva kA pUrA prayoga kiyA hai / samarAicca kahA ke prathama bhava meM guNasena ke muni banane para agnizarmA ke jIva vyantara ne use kaSTa diyA / bAnamantara vidyAdhara hai aura guNacandra ko aneka prakAra se kaSTa detA hai / guNadhara zikAra khelane jAtA hai / mArga meM eka sthAna para sudatta nAma ke munirAja dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / zrAkheTa premI kumAra guNadhara ko isa samaya eka muni kA milanA 1- da0 hA0, pR0 118- 116 /

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253 zakuna mAlama par3atA hai, ataH vaha apane donoM kuttoM ko unake Upara chor3a detA hai / khUMkhAra zvAna, jinhoMne abataka na mAlUma kitane logoM kA zikAra kiyA haiM, munirAja para jhapaTa par3ate haiN| roSa aura kSobha bhara kukkura muni ke pAsa pahu~cate haiM, para yahAM vicitra ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai / kutte munirAja ke samakSa jAte hI unake teja se abhibhUta ho jAte haiM / muni ke caraNoM meM jAkara loTane lagate haiM / ve apane hiMsaka bhAva ko chor3a dayAlu aura zrahiMsaka bana jAte haiM / dhUrttAkhyAna meM zramAnavIya tattvoM kA pUrA samAveza hu~ / kamaNDalu meM hAthI kA ghusa jAnA, chaH mahIne taka usImeM ghUmanA aura nikalate samaya kevala pUMcha ke bAla kA aTakakara raha jAnA, Adi asaMbhava aura prabuddhisaMgata bAteM zramAnavIya aura aprAkRtika donoM hI tattvoM ke antargata AtI haiM / caNDakauzika kA mahAvIra ko DasanA aura mahAvIra para viSa kA prabhAva na par3anA tathA jyoM-ke-tyoM rUpa meM khar3e haMsate rahanA bhI amAnavIya yA pratimAnavIya tattva hI hai 1 1 (11) aprAkRtikatA aprAkRtika se abhiprAya una kAryoM se haiM, jo prakRti viruddha hoN| jaise siMha kI prakRti hiMsaka aura mAMsAhArI hai, yadi kisI sthiti meM use zrahiMsaka aura zAkAhArI dikhalAyA jAya, to yaha aprAkRtika tattva ke antargata AyegA / upasarga ke liye agnikAjala, sAMpa kA puSpamAlA bana jAnA, tantra-mantroM kA adbhuta prabhAva, zakuna apazakuna aura svapna kA mahatva batalAnA zrAdi bAteM isa tatva ke antargata AtI haiM / lokakathAoM meM isa tattva kA bahulatA se upayoga huA hai / haribhadra ne apanI prAkRta kathAoM meM isa tatva kA kaI rUpoM meM vyavahAra kiyA hai| yahAM eka laghukathA uddhRta kara ukta tasva kI puSTi karane kI ceSTA kI jAyagI / nandavaMza kA unmUlana kara candragupta ko pATalIputra kA rAjya kisa prakAra prApta ho, yaha cANakya socane lagA / usane arthasaMgraha ke liye eka yantrapAza banAyA aura kisI deva kI kRpA se usake pAze prApta kiye / usane isa pAze ko nagara ke timuhAnI aura caumuhAnI zrAdi pramukha rAstoM para rakhavA diyA / cANakya ne usa dyUtapAza ke pAsa eka dInAra bharI thAlI bhI rakhavA dI aura yaha kahA gayA ki jo koI jue meM jIta jAyagA, use yaha dInAra bharI thAlI dI jAyagI aura jo hAra jAyagA, vaha eka dInAra degA | isa deva nirmita pAze ke dvArA kisI kA bhI jItanA saMbhava nahIM thA, sabhI hArate jAte aura eka-eka dInAra dete jAte / isa prakAra cANakya ne bahuta sA dhana arjita kara liyA 1 (12) atiprAkRtikatA- svarga ke devatAoM kA isa bhUtala para prAnA, devatAoM kA manuSya jaisA kArya karanA, samudra ko devatA mAnanA, rAkSasa yA bhUta-pretoM kA upadrava utpanna karanA Adi kArya pratiprAkRtika tatva ke antargata haiM / haribhadra kI laghukathA tathA bRhat kathAoM meM isa tasva kA sundara sanniveza huA hai / eka kathA meM AyA hai ki eka yuvA puruSa gAr3I para apanI patnI ko savAra karAkara kahIM jA rahA thA / mArga meM usakI patnI ko pyAsa lagI, ataH vaha jala ke liye gAr3I se utarakara gayI / eka vyantarI ne usa yuvaka puruSa ko 1--upa0 gA0 147, pR0 130 / 2 --- upa0 gA0 7, pR0 21 /

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254 dekhA aura usake rUpa para mugdha ho gayI / usane usakI patnI kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura usa gAr3I meM Akara baiTha gayI / strI ko gAr3I meM baiThI dekhakara usa yuvaka ne gAr3I ko Age bar3hAyA / jaba pAnI pIkara usakI patnI vApasa lauTI to gAr3I ko mAge jAte hue dekhakara vaha rone-kalapane lagI / usane cillAkara kahA -- "priyatama ! Apa mujhe kahAM chor3a kara jA rahe haiM / meM kisakI zaraNa meM jAUMgI / zrApa gAr3I rokiye / " una donoM striyoM kI samAna rUpAkRti dekhakara usa vyakti ko mahAn Azcarya huA / vaha yaha nizcaya karane meM asamartha thA ki usakI vAstavika patnI kauna hai ? isI taraha kI ghaTanA samarAiccakahA ke praSTama bhava kI kathA meM bhI prAyI hai / eka dina kauzalAdhipati ko unakA ghor3A bhagAkara eka jaMgala meM le gyaa| vahAM manoharA nAma kI yakSiNI kumAra ke adbhuta saundarya ko dekhakara mugdha ho gayI aura usane kumAra se prema yAcanA kI, kintu kumAra ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA / eka dina kumAra kI patnI susaMgatA kA rUpa banA kara kumAra ke palaMga para so gayI tathA hAva-bhAva aura ceSTAe~ bhI susaMgatA ke samAna prakaTa kI / jaba vAstavika susaMgatA zayana kakSa meM AyI to pati kI bagala meM apanI hI prAkRti kI anya strI ko sote dekha kara zrAzcarya cakita ho gyii| usane pati se anurodha kiyA ki Apa isa dhokhebAja strI ko haTA dIjiye, para rAjakumAra na vAstavika patnI ko hI nakalI samajhakara ghara se nikAla diyA' / navam bhava kI kathA meM ghara meM hI sudarzanA nAmaka devI ke nivAsa karane kI carcA AyI hai / zrataH spaSTa hai ki haribhadra ne kevala samavazaraNa sabhA kI racanA hI devoM dvArA nahIM karavAyI hai, balki kathAtroM meM rocakatA lAne ke liye prAyaH pratimAnavIya tatvoM kI yojanA bhI kI haM / 13 andhavizvAsa- zrAdimakAla se hI mAnava samAja meM aneka prakAra ke vizvAsa, aise vizvAsa jinako tarka aura buddhi kI tulA para nahIM taulA jA sakatA, mAnya aura pracalita rahe haiM / ina sarfararai at prastitva lokakathAnoM meM pAyA jAnA anivArya hai / haribhadra kI prAkRta Ferri meM nimna andhavizvAsa upalabdha hote haiM :-- (1) prakRti ke cetana tathA jar3a jagata se sambaddha | ( 2 ) mAnava svabhAva tathA manuSyakRta padArthoM se sambaddha / (3) devagati -- vizeSataH vyantara-pizAca Adi se sambaddha / (4) jAdU-TonA, sammohana, vazIkaraNa, uccATana, maNi, tantra, zrauSadhi prAvi sambaddha / isa zreNI meM vidyAdharoM dvArA vidyAyoM kI siddhiyAM aura unakI vidyAoM kA haMbI rUpa meM upasthita honA tathA pralaukika camatkAra dikhalAnA bhI zAmila hai (5) zakuna-apazakuna se sambaddha / (6) roga tathA mRtyu se sambaddha / (7) sAdhu-sanyAsiyoM se sambaddha / 1 -- upace sapraba, 63, 064 20 a0 bha0 0 824

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255 (8) dainika kRtyoM se sambaddha--yathA sone-jAgane, navIna vastra tathA navIna anna prAdi grahaNa karane meM nAnA prakAra ke zakuna aura ToTika' sambandhI mAnyatAe~ parigaNita hai| lokakathAoM meM ina mAnyatAoM kA pAyA jAnA prAvazyaka-sA hai| (14) upadezAtmakatA-- ___ lokakathAeM manoraMjana ke sAtha pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se kisI upadeza vizeSa ko sAmane rakhakara jana-jIvana ko sakhI aura samRddha banAtI hai| caritra, ghaTanA prora kathAnaka ina tInoM tattvoM kA samAveza lokakathAoM meM bhI rahatA hai| Adima mAnava ne apane jIvana tathA anubhUtiyoM kA citraNa kathAoM meM kiyA hai, darzana aura siddhAntoM meM nhiiN| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM sAMskRtika samparka ke vyApaka prabhAva tathA vaicitryapUrNa kalpanAoM ke vistAra hI nahIM vidyamAna hai, apitu lokaruci tathA lokajIvana ke prAvoM kI eka jhalaka bhI vartamAna hai| kathAeM prakAza kI kiraNoM ke samAna hai, jo sadA usI mAdhyama kA raMga grahaNa kara letI haiM, jisameM se hokara ve nikalatI hai| haribhadra ne sarvasvIkRta sAmAjika niyamoM tathA bandhanoM ke prati samudAya kI mauna mAnasika pratikriyA apanI kathAoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kI hai| haribhadra ne apanI kathAnoM meM una sArvajanika upadezoM ko nihita kiyA hai, jo mAnavamAtra kI sampatti hai tathA jina upadezoM se loka-kalyANa aura lokodaya hotA hai| ahiMsA, satya aura dAna kA mAhAtmya aura svarUpa janamAnasa ko svastha aura maMgalamaya banAne meM pUrNa sakSama hai| haribhadra kI pratyeka kathA meM upadeza anusyUta hai| haribhadra ne jIvana ke kaTu aura madhura anubhavoM kI nItimUlaka vyAkhyA upasthita kara kathAoM meM jIvana preraka upadezoM kA vinyAsa kiyA hai| (15) anuzrutimUlakatA--- lokakathAeM anuzrutimUlaka hotI hai| prArambha meM ye maulika rUpa meM pAyI jAtI haiN| kAlAntara meM saMskRti ke vikAsa ke sAtha lokakathAeM mUlarUpa meM lipibaddha hone lagatI hai| zanaiH zanaiH rUpa parivartana kI isa kriyA meM sAhityika saMskAra bhI pAne lagate haiM aura kathAvastu ke vikAsa meM bhI ucita dizA parivartana hone lagatA hai| isa prakriyA dvArA lokakathAoM meM rUpagata aura viSayagata parivartana hone se abhijAta kayAsAhitya kA janma hotA hai| itanA saba hone para bhI jina kathAoM meM anuzrutimUlakatA hai, ve hI lokakathAoM ke antagata haiM, isa tattva ke abhAva meM lokavArtA kA rUpa surakSita nahIM raha sakatA hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM sarvatra anuzrutimUlakatA vidyamAna hai| pratyeka bhava kI kathA meM pravAntarakathA vaktA-zrotA ke rUpa meM hI prArambha hotI hai / nAyaka kisI kAraNavaza niviNNa yA khinna ho upavana meM manovinodanArtha jAtA hai, vahAM use koI prAcArya milate haiN| yaha prAcArya kI vandanA kara unase virakta hone kA kAraNa pUchatA hai aura prAcArya apanI virakti ko kathA-prAtmakathA ke rUpa meM sunAte hai| isa kathA meM bhI vaha apane kisI guNa yA prAcArya kI prApti kI bAta kahatA hai aura usa prAcArya dvArA kahI gayI kathA ko harA detA hai| isa prakAra zruta paramparA se prApta pAvAe~ paMkita kI gayI hai| pUkhyiAna kI kathAeM bhI kahI jAtI hai, ghaTita nahIM hotii| pAMcoM dhUtaM apane-apane anubhava ko sunAte haiN| prataH bhavaNIya tattva kI pradhAnatA inakI kathAmoM meM vidyamAna hai| mokakathA kA yaha vaiziSTya isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki haribhadra kI prAkRta kamAeM abhibAla varga kI hotI huI bhI mokkApAmoM ne pramika dUra nahIM hai|

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256 (16) adbhuta tattva kA samAveza -- lokakathAoM meM loka hRdaya kI anubhUti hI adhika rahatI hai| inakA lekhaka vyakti vizeSa kI bhAvanAoM kA pratinidhitva na kara samudAya kI bhAvanA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| samudAya ke bhAva vicAroM kI kathAoM meM nihita karane kA hI tAtparya hai Azcarya yA adbhuta tasva kI yojnaa| ataH samudAya kI bhAvanAeM vyakta karane ke liye kathAkAra ko kucha aisI ghaTanAeM yA pAkhyAna bhI nibaddha karane par3ate haiM, jo AzcaryamaNDita hote haiN| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM tIrtha kara ke kevala jJAna ke samaya prAzcaryajanaka bAteM ghaTita hotI huI batalAyI gayI hai| tIrtha karoM ke janma samaya ke atizaya , kevalajJAna ke atizaya, aura devaracita atizaya adbhuta aura Azcaryajanaka tattva hI hai| janma se hI zarIra se pasInA na nikalanA, zarIra kA sugandhita honA, rakta kA zveta honA Adi bAteM adbhuta tattva ke antargata AtI haiN| loka vizvAsoM kA vistAra bhI ina kathAoM meM nihita hai| khaNDapralaya aura sRSTi kA krama, suSama-suSama, suSama prAdi kAloM kI vyAkhyAeM aura inameM prApta hone vAle bhogopabhogoM kA nirUpaNa isI tatva ke antargata hai| kalpavRkSoM kA varNana aura unake kAryoM kA nirdeza bhI isI tatva ke antargata prAtA hai| samarAiccakahA meM narmadA aura purandara kathA adbhuta tatva se maMDita hai| eka nArI kA sAhasika kArya kise pAzcarya meM nahIM ddaalegaa| (17) hAsyavinoda-- hAsyavinoda se tAtparya hai kAvyazAstra kI carcA kara apanA manovinoda krnaa| jIvana meM vinoda kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| vinoda prApta karane ke aneka tarIke the, jaise citra banAnA, pahelI kahanA, samasyA pUtti karanA evaM zArIrika kriyAeM karanA, aadi| haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM meM hAsyavinoda ke tatvoM kA pUrNa mizraNa kiyA hai| kucha kathAeM svayaM hI hAsyavinoda kA sRjana karatI haiN| prAdima mAnava kathAoM kA upayoga bhI vinoda ke lie hI karatA thaa| (18) pArivArika jIvana-citraNa-- T loka-kathAoM kA anivArya tatva hai, parivAra kA sarvAMgINa citraNa krnaa| mAnava samAja meM janma athavA vivAha ke AdhAra para kaI parivAroM ke sadasya sambandha aura vyavahAra kI dRSTi se eka dUsare ke samIpa A jAte haiN| ataH mAnava kI samasta sAmAjika saMsthAoM meM parivAra eka prAdhArabhUta aura sarvavyApI sAmAjika saMsthA hai| saMskRti ke sabhI staroM meM cAheM unheM unnata kahA jAya yA nimna, kisI na kisI prakAra kA pArivArika saMgaThana anivAryataH pAyA jAtA hai| parivAra kA sabase bar3A uddezya kAma kI svAbhAvika vRtti ko lakSya meM rakhakara yauna sambandha aura santAna utpatti kI kriyAoM ko niyantrita karanA hai| yaha bhAvAtmaka ghaniSThatA kA vAtAvaraNa tayAra karatA hai| yaha satya hai ki vyakti ke samAjIkaraNa aura saMskRtikaraNa kI prakriyA meM parivAra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM meM parivAra ke vibhinna citra upasthita karate hue parivAra ke nimna siddhAntoM kA ullekha kiyA hai:-- (1) parivAra kA prArambha vivAha ke pazcAt hotA hai| 1--sn0bh0,50920-622|

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257 (2) parivAra rakta saMbaMdha ke AdhAra para saMghaTita hotA hai| isameM aneka sadasya sammilita hote haiN| (3) parivAra ke sabhI sadasya sAtha-sAtha rahate, khAte-pIte aura sote-uThate haiN| (4) parivAra ke pAsa kucha sampatti hotI hai, jisakA upayoga parivAra kA ___ mukhiyA sabhI sadasyoM ke parAmarza se karatA hai| (5) parivAra meM sukha-suvidhA aura vyavasthA ke liye mukhiyA kA nirvAcana kiyA jAtA hai| (6) mukhiyA parivAra ke samasta sadasyoM ko sukha-suvidhA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhatA hai| parivAra ke sabhI sadasya apanA-apanA kArya sundara DhaMga se saMcAlita karate haiN| (7) parivAra kA gaThana rakta sambandha ke AdhAra para rahatA hai, ataH koI bhI saralatApUrvaka isake sambandha ko tor3a nahIM sakatA hai| premabhAva kA parivAra meM rahanA anivArya hai| (8) parivAra ke utthAna aura zAntimaya jIvana ke lie sambandhita pratyeka vyakti AvazyakatA par3ane para tyAga yA balidAna kA Adarza upasthita kara detA (8) parivAra ke Arthika aura sAMskRtika kAryoM kA dAyitva sabhI sadasyoM para samAna rUpa se rahatA hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM rAjaparivAra zreSThiparivAra, cANDAlaparivAra, brAhmaNaparivAra, kisAnaparivAra Adi kA sarvAMgINa citraNa upalabdha hotA hai / sarala aura saMyukta --jvAinTa parivAra ke citra bhI haribhadra kI kathAoM meM mila jAte haiN| adhikAMza pitapradhAna parivAroM kA ullekha hI haribhadra kI kathAoM meM huA hai| (19) milana bAdhAeM-- nAyaka-nAyikAnoM ke prema milana meM Ane vAlI vibhinna bAdhAoM kA ullekha bhI haribhadra ne bar3e vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai| vilAsavatI aura sanatkumAra ke prema milana kI kathA ina bAdhAoM kA sampUrNa citra upasthita karatI haiN| donoM ke prathama sAkSAtkAra ke uparAnta hI sanatkumAra ko tAmralipi se bhAga jAnA par3atA hai| phalataH nAyikA asamaMjaza meM par3a jAtI hai| usake mana meM apUrva dvandva hotA hai, para vaha koI nizcaya nahIM kara paatii| eka dina vaha rAjabhavana ko vilakhatA chor3a apane premI kI talAza meM nikala par3atI hai| jahAja ke phaTa jAne se nAyikA kisI kASTha phalaka ke sahAre samudra taTa para eka tApasa Azrama meM pahaMca jAtI hai / saMyogavaza nAyaka bhI vahIM pahuMca jAtA hai, donoM kA yahAM punaH sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / kucha dinoM taka sAtha rahane ke uparAnta ve svadeza kI ora gamana karane kI icchA karate haiN| bhinna potavvaja dekhakara mahAkaTAhavAsI sAnudeva sArthavAha, jo ki malyadeza ko jA rahA thA, laghu naukA bheja detA hai| sanatkumAra rAtri ke samaya zArIrika AvazyakatA ko pUtti ke lie uThatA hai| mana meM pApa A jAne se sArthavAhaputra usa strI ratna ko le lene kI kAmanA se sanatkumAra ko jahAja se nIce girA detA hai| saMyogavaza sanatkumAra ko kASThaphalaka mila jAtA hai aura pAMca rAtri taka bahane ke uparAnta malayakula pahuMcatA hai| idhara sArthavAha-putra kA vaha jahAja bhI jalamagna ho jAtA hai| vilAsavatI bhI kisI prakAra kASThaphalaka prApta kara usI malayataTa para pA jAtI hai, jisapara sanatkumAra sthita hai| ekabAra yahAM punaH nAyaka-nAyikA kA milana hotA hai| 17---22 eDu

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258 sanatkumAra vilAsavatI ko abhimaMtrita AzcaryakArI paTa se zrAcchAdita kara jala lene calA jAtA hai / jaba vaha kucha samaya ke pazcAt jala lekara bAhara se vApasa lauTatA hai to eka ajagara dvArA vilAsavatI ko bhakSaNa karate hue dekhatA hai| priyA ke abhAva meM vaha apane ko mRtaka ke samAna mAnatA huA rahane lagA / cAroM ora talAza karane para bhI jaba vaha usakA patA na pA sakA to zrAtmahatyA karane ko taiyAra ho gayA / aneka kaSTa sahana karane ke bAda vidyAdhara ke sahayoga se use vilAsavatI kI prApti ho sakI' / ataH aneka bAra nAyikA kA prApta honA aura punaH bichar3a jAnA tathA prApti nAnA prakAra kI bAdhAtroM kA upasthita honA lokakathA ke siddhAnta ke anusAra hI grathita kiyA gayA hai / haribhadra kI adhikAMza prAkRta kathAoM meM isa tattva kI yojanA saralatApUrvaka kI gayI haiM / (20) lokamAnasa kI taralatA- lokamAnasa kI taralatA kA tAtparya hai janamAnasa ko bhAvuka vRtti kA vizleSaNa / bhAvukatA zranAdikAla se manuSya ke sAtha lagI calI A rahI hai / bhAvukatAvaza hI manuSya adhikAMza kAryoM kA sampAdana karatA hai / haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM meM isa bhAvuka vRtti kA bar3A sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| mAnava kI bhAvAtmaka sattA kA vivecana bhI isa vRtti ke antargata AtA hai / (21) pUrvajanma ke saMskAra aura phalopabhoga -- * haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM pUrvajanma ke saMskAroM kA eka jamaghaTa - sA vidyamAna hai / kArya-kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA pUrvajanma evaM anya janma-janmAntaroM meM kiye gaye kAryoM ke sAtha hI ghaTita hai / pratyeka kArya ke pIche kiye gaye karmoM kA saMskAra hI hetu rUpa se zravasthita rahatA hai tathA mAnava ke vartamAna jIvana ke nirmANa meM vigata karmoM ke saMskAra hI pramukharUpa se kArya karate haiM / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM zubhAzubha karma, karmArjana ke hetu karmabandha kI vyavasthA evaM karmaphala Adi kA bahuta sundara nirUpaNa kiyA hai / (22) sAhasa kA nirUpaNa -- haribhadra ke nAyaka-nAyikAoM meM mahatvAkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ke liye sAhasika kArya karane kI apUrva kSamatA pAyI jAtI haM / pratyeka pAtra nAnA prakAra kI vipattiyoM ko sahana karake bhI apane kArya meM siddhi prApta karatA hai / yaha pravRtti prAyaH sabhI kathAoMoM meM samAnarUpa se vidyamAna haiN| yahAM udAharaNArtha " zIlavatI" kathA kA thor3A-sA aMza uddhRta kara ukta kathana kI siddhi kI jaaygii| eka dina nanda ne sundarI se kahA--"priye, pUrva puruSoM dvArA arjita sampatti kA upabhoga karane meM kyA zrAnanda hai / pratyeka vyakti kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha apane puruSArtha se dhanArjana kA upabhoga kre| dAna dene aura dhana kharca karane ke kArya meM jisa vyakti kI gaNanA sabase Age nahIM hotI, usake jIvana se kyA lAbha? ataH aba meM videza meM jAkara vyApAra dvArA dhanArjana kruuNgaa|" pati ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara sundarI vinItabhAva se kahane lagI-- "svAmin, ke binA merA eka kSaNa bhI jIvita rahanA saMbhava nahIM / ataH maiM bhI Apake sAtha 1 - sa0 sa0 bha0, pR0 424-450 /

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256 cluuNgii|" sundarI ke Agraha ko dekhakara nanda ne use apane sAtha le calanA svIkAra kara liyA tathA eka bar3A samudrI ber3A taiyAra kiyA gyaa| vyApAra kA sAmAna lAdakara jahAja ko ravAnA kiyA gyaa| jaba samudra meM jahAja kucha dUra pahuMcA to eka bhayaMkara tUphAna pAyA, jisase jahAja chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| ve donoM eka kAkatA ke sahAre sadudra ke kinAre pahuMca gye| vahAM nanda pAnI kI talAza meM gayA aura dUra jAne para eka siMha ne mAra ddaalaa| (23) janabhASA tattva-- lokakathAeM janabhASA meM maukhika rUpa se sunAyI jAtI rahI hoNgii| sahajatA aura svAbhAvikatA inakA pramukha guNa hai| inakA lipibaddha jo likhita rUpa upalabdha hotA hai, usakA bhI artha yahI hai ki unakI bhASA janabhASA honI caahie| ataH lokakathAeM kisI vyaktivizeSa dvArA janatA ko bolo meM likho jAtI haiN| ziSTa yA pariniSThita bhASA ke sAhitya kI racanAgata satarkatA yahAM bhI hotI hai, para bhASA kA rUpa sArvajanIna aura sarala hotA hai| haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM ko janatA ko sarala bolI--prAkRta meM likhA hai| bhASA meM rocakatA guNa kI vRddhi ke liye gadya-padya donoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| laghu-kathAoM kI bhASA lambI kathAoM kI bhASA kI apekSA adhika sarala hai| ataH janabhASA meM loka cetanA ko mUrtarUpa dene kA prayAsa haribhadra kA prazaMsanIya hai| (24) sarala abhivyaMjanA-- ___ sarala bhASA meM bhAvoM aura vicAroM ko bhI sarala DhaMga se abhivyakta karanA lokakathAoM ke liye Avazyaka tattva hai| haribhadra ne kathAoM kI sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi kA nirmANa bar3e hI sarala aura sahaja rUpa meM kiyA hai| isakI abhivyaMjanA bhI sIdhe aura sarala rUpa meM prastuta huI haiN| (25) janamAnasa kA pratiphalana-- janatA kA rahana-sahana, rIti-rivAja, khAnapAna aura AvAra-vyavahAra kA sajIva citraNa haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| prAMcalika vizeSa AoM kA citraNa bhI ina kathAoM meM pUrNarUpa se huA hai| janatA ke bhAva, vicAra aura kriyAoM kA pratiphalana dikhalAne meM haribhadra advitIya haiN| bahana, bhAI, pitA, putra, mitra, rAjA, amAtya purohita, prazvapati, azvArohI, daMDika Adi ke manobhAvoM kA kathA ke mAdhyama se sundara vizleSaNa dikhalAyA gayA hai| (26) paramparA ko akSuNNatA-- yaha satya hai ki lokakathAeM janatA ke hRdaya kA udgAra hai| sarvasAdhAraNa loga jo kucha socate haiM aura jisa viSaya kI anubhUti karate haiM, usIkA prakAzana ina kathAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| haribhadra ne apane kathA-sAhitya meM loka paramparAoM ko 1--upa0 gA0 30-34, pR0 40 /

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surakSita rakhA hai / mAnasika bhAva bhUmi ke dharAtala para mAnava jAti kI vibhinna paramparAoM ke mUlarUpa ko surakSita rakhane meM haribhadra advitIya hai| loka jIvana ke prAdarza aura janavizvAsoM kI paramparA akSuNNa rUpa se surakSita hai| saMkSepa meM zailI, ghaTanA-camatkAra evaM abhivyakti meM haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAeM, lokakathAoM ke nikaTa hai| yadyapi abhijAta kathAoM ke guNadharma inameM bahulatA se pAye jAte haiM, to bhI lokakathA tatvoM kI kamI nahIM hai / 2--kathAnaka rUDhiyA~ loka-kathA kA abhinna aMga kathAnaka rUr3hi hai| kathA-sAhitya ke vizleSaNa ke lie kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM ko jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| bAta yaha hai ki vibhinna kathA-kahAniyoM meM bAra-bAra vyavahRta hone vAlI eka jaisI ghaTanAoM athavA eka jaise vicAroM ko kathAnaka rUr3hi kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| ukta prakAra kI ghaTanAeM yA vicAra sambaddha kathAnaka ke nirmANa athavA usake vikAsa meM yoga dete haiM aura kathAkAvyoM meM unake upayoga kI eka sadIrgha paramparA hotI hai| udAharaNArtha kisI kathAnAyaka kA samadrayAtrA karanA, yAtrA ke bIca meM tUphAna AnA aura usake jahAja kA TUTanA eka ghaTanA ho sakatI hai, kintu yahI ghaTanA aneka kathAoM meM vibhinna uddezyoM ko pUtti ke nimitta ekAdhika bAra prayukta hokara eka lokapriya kathAnaka rUr3hi bana gayI hai| ___ kathAnaka rUr3hi zabda aMgrejI ke "phiksanamoTiva" kA paryAya hai| hindI sAhitya ke prasiddha vidvAn prAcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne ukta zabda ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai--"hamAre deza ke sAhitya meM kathAnaka ko gati aura ghumAva dene ke lie kucha aise 'abhiprAya' bahuta dIrghakAla se vyavahRta hote Aye haiM, jo bahuta dUra taka yathArtha hote haiM aura jo Age calakara kathAnaka rur3hi meM badala gaye hai| yathArtha bAta yaha hai ki kathA sAhitya kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kA vizleSaNa kathA sAhitya ke sarvapriya abhiprAya-moTivsa ke parijJAna ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| bhAiyoM meM sabase choTA bhAI aura rAniyoM meM sabase bar3I rAnI hI kathAkAra ko kyoM priya hai ? bar3e bhAI prArambha meM choTe bhAI kA anAdara karate haiM aura usakI yojanAoM para haMsate hai, kintu vijaya anta meM usIkI hI hotI hai| kathA ke pUrNa hone para use rAjapATa prApta hotA hai tathA usakA sundarI rAjakumArI ke sAtha vivAha ho jAtA hai / pAThaka yA zrotAoM ko isa rAjakumAra ke sAtha pUrNa sahAnu tI hai| usapara tanika bhI kaSTa AtA hai to pAThaka kA mana dahala jAtA hai| isI prakAra kathAkAra kisI rAjA kI choTI rAnI ko sarvAdhika sundarI batAtA hai, para sAtha hI use krUra aura kuTila bhii| vAsanApriya rAjA usake viSAkta mohapAza meM Abaddha hokara anya rAniyoM ke sAtha durvyavahAra karatA hai, kintu anta meM use apane kiye para pazcAttApa hotA hai| vaha bar3I rAnI kI mahattA samajhatA hai, usakA Adara karatA hai aura choTI rAnI ko daNDa detA hai| ukta ghaTanAeM prArambha meM mAtra kathAnaka kA aMga rahI hoMgI, para bAra-bAra prayukta hote-hote ye kathAnaka rur3hi yA moTivsa bana gayI hai|" susaMskRta kaviyoM dvArA grahaNa kI gayIM, jina rUr3hiyoM ko "kavisamaya" kahA gayA hai, ve vastutaH bhAratIya sAhitya kI kAvya rur3hiyAM hI haiN| isI prakAra mUtti, citra aura saMgIta kalAoM ko bhI apanI vibhinna rUr3hiyAM hotI hai| kAvya racayitA inakA upayoga nirantara karate rahate haiN| lokakalAoM meM rekhAMkana aura rUpAvataraNa kI vibhinna paddhati 1--hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR074 /

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hotI hai, jinakI punarAvRtti dvArA ukta kalAoM meM nUtana zailiyoM kA vikAsa hotA rahatA hai| ina paddhatiyoM ko vidvAnoM ne kalArUr3hi kI saMjJA dI hai| isa prakAra lokanRtya aura lokasaMgIta meM bhI svataMtra rUpa se aneka rUr3hiyAM athavA paramparAgata viziSTa praNAliyAM hotI haiN| TI0 zipale ne rUr3hi yA abhiprAya zabda kA tAtparya batalAte hue likhA hai--"moTiva zabda se abhiprAya usa zabda yA usa vicAra se hai, jo eka hI sAMce meM Dhale jAna par3ate hai aura kisI kRti athavA eka hI vyakti kI bhinna-bhinna kRtiyoM meM eka jaisI paristhitiyAM athavA eka jaisI manaHsthiti aura prabhAva utpanna karane ke lie ekAdhika bAra prayukta hote haiN| zipale dvArA dI gayI moTiva yA abhiprAya kI yaha paribhASA bahuta vyApaka hai, kintu kalA athavA sAhitya ke vibhinna kSetroM meM yaha vibhinna rUr3higata vizeSatAoM kI paricAyikA hai| eka bAta, jo sAmAnya rUpa se pratyeka kSetra para lAgU ho sakatI haiM, vaha yaha hai ki eka hI sAMce meM Dhale hue kisI aise vicAra, zabda athavA ghaTanA kI punarAvRtti jo sambaddha racanA athavA racanAoM ko ekarUpatA pradAna karatI hai| sthUla rUpa se rUr3hiyoM yA abhiprAyoM ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai---(1) kalAtmaka aura (2) sAhityika / kalAtmaka rUr3hiyAM vAstu, mUtti, citra aura saMgIta Adi kalAoM meM vyavahRta hotI haiN| ye r3hiyAM ina kalAoM meM camatkAra aura AkarSaNa ina donoM hI guNoM ko utpanna karatI haiN| sAhityika rUr3hiyAM pradhAnataH do vargoM meM vibhakta hai--(1) kAvya rUr3hiyAM aura (2) kathA ruuddh'iyaaN| kAvya rUr3hiyoM ko kavisamaya' bhI kahA jAtA hai| kAvya meM abhipAya mukhyarUpa se usa paramparAgata vicAra--prAiDiyA ko kahate haiM, jo alaukika aura azAstrIya hote hue bhI upayogitA aura anukaraNa ke kAraNa kaviyoM dvArA grahIta hotA hai aura bAda meM calakara rUr3hi bana jAtA hai| __ kathAnaka rUr3hi kA artha hai kathA meM bAra-bAra prayakta hone vAle aise abhiprAya jo kisI choTI ghaTanA- insIDenTa athavA vicAra---AiDiyA ke rUpa meM kathA ke nirmANa aura use Age bar3hAne meM yoga dete haiN| ye rUr3hiyAM athavA abhiprAya kisI-na-kisI aise loka-vizvAsa athavA jana-sAmAnya vicAra para AdhArita hote haiM, jinakA vaijJAnika dRSTi se koI vizeSa mahatva nahIM hotaa| isake atirikta kucha aise bhI abhiprAya hai, jinheM bilakula asatya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, para inameM kucha tathyAMza avazya rahatA hai| yathArtha ke sAtha ina abhiprAyoM kA sambandha avazya rahatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki rUr3hi yA abhiprAya vaha choTe-se-choTA aura pahacAna meM prAnevAlA tattva hai, jo yaha batalAtA hai ki kisI vizeSa prakAra kI kathA ke kauna-kauna se upakaraNa dUsare prakAra kI kathA meM prayukta hue haiN| kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM yA abhiprAyoM ke vizleSaNa se kathAoM ke upakaraNa para to prakAza par3atA hI hai, sAtha hI kathAtattvoM para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| ziSTa yA abhijAta koTi ke sAhitya meM milane vAlI kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM mUlataH loka sAhitya yA lokakathAoM kI dena hai| aisI rUr3hiyAM kama hI mileMgI, jinakA paramparA athita lokakathAoM se koI sambandha na ho| kathAnaka rUr3hi ke Adi srotoM ke rUpa meM nAnA prakAra ke lokAcAroM, laukika vizvAsoM aura lokacintA dvArA utpanna Azcaryajanaka kalpanAoM --DikzanarI oNpha varlDa liTarecara Tarsa, pR0 274 / 2---yazAstrIyamalaukikaM ca paramparAyAtaM yamarthamupanibandhanti kavayaH sa kavisamaya : kAvyamImAMsA caturdaza adhyAya, pR0 160 /

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262 ko bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina sabakA upayoga laukika evaM nijadharI kathAoM meM barAbara hotA rahA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki lokasAhitya meM kaI bAra prayakta evaM rUda hokara ye rUr3hiyAM prAcAra, vizvAsa evaM kalpanAoM dvArA abhijAta sAhitya taka pahuMcI haiM aura yahAM prAkara inheM eka nizcita rUpa prApta hotA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| (1) ghaTanA pradhAna, (2) vicAra yA vizvAsa prdhaan| (1) ghor3e kA AkheTa ke samaya nirjana vana meM pahuMca jAnA, mArga bhUlanA, samudra yAtrA karate samaya yAna kA bhaMga ho jAnA aura kASThaphalaka ke sahAre nAyaka-nAyikA kI prANarakSA, jaisI ghaTanAtmaka rUr3hiyAM isa koTi ke antargata haiN| (2) svapna meM kisI puruSa yA kisI strI ko dekhakara usa para mohita honA prathavA abhizApa, yantra-maMtra, jAdU-TonA ke bala se rUpa parivartana karanA prAdi vicAra yA vizvAsa pradhAnarUr3hiyoM ke antargata pAte haiN| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM prayukta rUr3hiyoM yA kathAnaka abhiprAyoM ko nimna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai:(1) loka pracalita vizvAsoM se sambaddha kathAnaka ruuddh'iyaaN| (2) vyantara, pizAca, vidyAdhara athavA anya amAnavIya zaktiyoM se sambaddha ruuddh'iyaaN| (3) devI, devatA evaM anya atimAnavIya prANiyoM se sambaddha ruuddh'iyaaN| (4) pazu-pakSiyoM se sambaddha ruuddh'iyaaN| (5) tantra-maMtroM aura prauSadhiyoM se sambaddha rUr3hiyAM / (6) aisI laukika kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM jinakA sambandha yauna yA prema vyApAra (7) kavi kalpita kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM / (8) zarIra vaijJAnika abhiprAya / (9) sAmAjika paramparA, rIti-rivAja aura paristhitiyoM ko dyotaka rUr3hiyAM / (10) AdhyAtmika aura manovaijJAnika ruuddh'iyaaN| loka pracalita vizvAsoM se sambaddha kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM se tAtparya yaha hai ki alpazikSita evaM alpasabhya mAnava samudAya meM aneka prakAra ke andhavizvAsa pracalita haiN| ina vizvAnoM ke dvArA aneka prakAra kI ghaTanAeM ghaTita hotI hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM isa koTi kI nimnAMkita kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM pAyI jAtI haiM :--- (1) svapna dvArA bhAvI ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA, (2) zubha zakunoM dvArA bhAvI saMketa, (3) apazakunoM dvArA sUcanAeM, (4) bhaviSya vaanniyaaN| (1) svapna dvArA bhAvI ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA-- kisI pAtra dvArA dekhe gaye svapnoM ke anurUpa bhAvI ghaTanAoM kI yojanA prAkRtakathAnakoM kI eka atyanta pracalita rUr3hi hai| haribhadra ne apane kathAnakoM ko gati, vistAra athavA mor3a dene ke lie isa rUr3hi kA kaI sthAnoM para prayoga kiyA hai| jaba kisI

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mahAn pratibhAzAlI vyakti kA janma hotA hai, to usakI mAtA ko svapna dikhalAI par3atA hai| tIrtha kara, cakravartI, nArAyaNa prAdi kI mAtAeM to svapna dekhatI hI haiM, para anya viziSTa vyaktiyoM kI mAtAeM bhI svapna dekhatI haiN| haribhadra ne garbha ke samaya ke atirikta anya sthitiyoM meM bhI svapna darzana kA ullekha kiyA hai / isa kathAnaka abhiprAya ke dvArA inhoMne kathA ko camatkRta banAyA hai| garbhastha putra ke prabhAva aura mahattva kI sUcanA dene vAle svapna samarAiccakahA 276, 3/163, 5/264, 6/464, 7606, 8'732, 9856 meM prAya haiN| inameM adhikAMza svapna pratIka hai, kathA ko kevala gatimAna hI nahIM banAte haiM, balki usameM kathA rasa kA pUrNatayA sRjana karate haiN| zrIkAntA ke garbha meM gaNasena kA jIva paayaa| haribhadra ne isake svapna kA bahuta sundara sAhityika varNana kiyA hai| isa svapna darzana meM siMha pratIka hai, isa pratIka ke dvArA tIna bAtoM kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| siMha ke jitane vizeSaNa diye gaye haiM, ve bhI saba sArthaka hai| ina vizeSaNoM ke dvArA nAyaka kI vizeSatAeM pratIka rUpa meM batalAyA gayA hai-- (1) tejasvI eka chatra samrATa kA pratIka, (2) parAkrama aura sahiSNutA kA pratIka, (3) puruSArtha dvArA sadgati-prApti kA pratIka / isI prakAra tRtIya bhava kI kathA meM jAlinI ne apane udara meM svarNakalaza ko praveza karate hue dekhA, parantu asaMtoSa ke kAraNa yaha kalaza bhagna hotA dikhalAyI pdd'aa| isa svapna kA phala bhI zreSTha guNazAlI pratApI putra kI prApti honA hai| kalaza ke bhaMga hone kA artha hai ki mAtA svayaM hI apane putra ko vipanna karanA cAhatI hai| garbhalAva karane kA bhI prayAsa karatI haiM, para saphala nahIM ho paatii| janma ke pazcAt zikhIkumAra ko mArane kA prayAsa jAlinI nirantara karatI rahatI hai aura anta meM vaha apane prayAsa meM saphala ho hI jAtI hai| yaha svapna kevala bhaviSyasUcaka hI nahIM hai, apitu isakA prabhAva samasta kathA para par3atA hai| caturtha bhava kI kathA meM zrIdevI kA svapna darzana, paMcama bhava kI kathA meM lIlAvato rAnI kA candramA ke udara meM praveza karate hue dekhane kA svapna, SaSTha bhava meM divya padmAsana para baiThI huI, nAnAvastrAlaMkAroM se susajjita, hAtha meM vikasita kamala lie hue aura divya kaMcana kalazoM se zveta hAthI dvArA abhiSeka kI jAtI huI lakSmI kA svapna, saptama bhava kI kathA meM jayasundarI ke svarNa daNDe para deva dUSya kI lagI huI dhvajA kA svapna, aSTama bhava kI kathA meM maitrIbala rAjA kI patnI padmAvatI ne sarovara ke udara meM praviSTa karane kA svapna aura navama bhava kI kathA meM ujjaina nareza kI sundarI rAnI ne sUrya ko udara meM praviSTa hone kA svapna dekhA hai| ye sabhI svapna bhaviSya sUcaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha pratye ka bhava kI kathA meM gati evaM prabhAva donoM hI utpanna karate haiN| haribhadra dvArA prayakta isa zreNI ke bhaviSya sacaka svapna isa prakAra kI kathAnaka rUDhi haiM, jinase alaMkaraNa kA kArya bhI siddha hotA hai| nAyikA jaba svapna dekhatI hai, to lekhaka usa svapna kA sAkAra citraNa karatA hai, jisase yaha citraNa kathA meM alaMkaraNa kA kArya bhI sampanna kara detA hai| ___ ina pratIka svapnoM ke atirikta kucha aise bhI bhaviSyasUcaka svapna pAye hai, jinakA kArya kathA pravAha kI ekarUpatA aura ekarasatA ko dUra kara kathA meM vaividhya aura anekarUpatA utpanna karanA hai| 1--bhaga0 saM0 sa0, pR0 76 /

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(2) bhaviSya sUcaka zubha zakuna -- "bhaviSya sUcaka zubha zakuna" kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga samarAiccakahA meM kaI sthAnoM para huA hai / dvitIya bhava kI avAntara kathA meM candrakumAra aura candrakAntA khala nAyaka kI duSTatA tathA dasyuoM ke kAraNa eka kueM meM gira jAte haiM / usa kueM meM pahale nAyikA giratI hai, pazcAt khala nAyaka dvArA candrakumAra bhI DAla diyA jAtA hai| donoM kA zrAkasmika milana hotA hai / candrakumAra ke pAsa pAtheya thA, jisase kucha kAla taka jIvana-yApana ho jAtA hai / aba unheM isa bAta kI cintA utpanna hotI haiM ki kisa prakAra jIvana raha sakegA / isa andhakUpa se nistAra hogA bhI yA nahIM ? isa cintA ke kAraNa ve donoM hI parezAna haiM / isI samaya zubha zakuna ghaTita hote haiM / candrakAntA kA vAmanetra aura candrakumAra kA dAhinA netra sphurita hone lagatA hai / ve donoM isa zubha zakuna ko jAnakara dhairya dhAraNa karate haiM aura unheM yaha vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki isa andhakUpa se hamArA zravazya nistAra hogA / kucha samaya ke bAda zakuna kA phala yathArtha ghaTita hotA hai aura ratnapura nivAsI sArthavAha kA nijI vyakti vahAM jala ke lie AtA hai aura una donoM kA uddhAra kara detA hai / yahAM para isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ke prayoga dvArA kathAkAra ne kathA ko gatividhi ko bahuta hI pravINatA ke sAtha Age bar3hAyA hai / 264 caturtha bhava kI kathA meM yazodhara apanA AtmavRttAnta sunAte hue kahatA hai ki merA vivAha sampanna ho rahA thaa| isI samaya dakSiNa kSetra ke sphuraNa svarUpa zubha zakuna ke dhAra para nizcaya kiyA ki anya koI maMgala bhI hone vAlA hai, aura huA bhI aisA hI / maiMne kalyANa zreSTha ke bhavana meM eka munirAja ke darzana kiye, jisase mujhe jAtyasmaraNa ho gayA aura maiM samasta parigraha kA tyAga kara zramaNa bana gyaa| yahAM para zubha zakuna rUpa isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ne kathA meM gati hI utpanna nahIM kI hai, balki kathA ko dUsarI dizA meM hI mor3a diyA hai / viSayoM ko calatI huI kathA virakti kI ra mur3a gaI hai yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi yahAM para kathA meM namaskAra utpanna karane meM bhI sahAyatA utpanna kara rahI hai / paMcama bhAva kI kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki vinayandhara jisa samaya mahArAja IzAnacandra ke dvArA bhejA hudrA sanatkumAra ke pAsa zrAtA hU~ aura usase bAtacIta kara rahA thA, usa samaya chIMka huii| yaha chIMka Arogya, sukha aura zAnti ke dene vAlI thI / ataH vinayandhara socane lagA ki sanatkumAra kI hatyA karanA to saMbhava nahIM hU~ / inake prANoM kI rakSA avazya hogI, isa bAta kI sUcanA to yaha chIMka hI de rahI hai / ataeva vaha bAtacIta ke krama meM sanatkumAra ko dhairya baMdhAtA huA, vahAM se unake bAhara cale jAne kA parAmarza detA hai / yahAM para bhI zubha zakuna rUpa isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ne kathA ko gati pradAna kI hai / 1 --- bhaga0 saM0 sa0, pR0 124 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 340 / 3 - - vahI, pR0 392 / (3) bhaviSya sUcaka azubha zakuna -- zakunoM ke dvArA bhaviSya ke zubhAzubha kI sUcanA barAbara milatI rahatI hU~ | itihAsa aura purANa ke prAdima kAla se lekara abataka janasAdhAraNa meM zakunoM ke sambandha meM vizvAsa pracalita haiM / bhAratavarSa meM to pratyanta prAcIna kAla se yaha mAnA jAtA rahA hai

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265 ki zakuna bhAvI ghaTanAoM ke sUcaka / yahI kAraNa hai ki haribhadra kA prAkRta tathA sAhitya bhaviSya meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA dene vAle zakunoM se vyApta hai / haribhadra ne ina zakunoM ke dvArA kathA ko abhISTa dizA meM mor3ane tathA camatkAra utpanna karane ke lie isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA upayoga kiyA hai / jaba amAtya putra senakumAra se vArtAlApa kara rahA thA aura vaha yaha nivedana kara rahA thA ki mahArAja ke dIkSA dhAraNa karane ke uparAnta prajA apane ko anAtha samajha rahI hai / ataH Apako calakara rAjya kA bhAra saMbhAlanA caahie| senakumAra zramAtya putra ko sAMtvanA detA huA kahatA hai ki viSeNa ke rahate hue prajA kyoM apane ko anAtha samajhatI hai ? prajA ko viSeNakumAra para vizvAsa karanA cAhie / isI samaya pratIhAra chIMkA aura kumAra kA vAmalocana sphurita hone lagA / isa azubha zakuna kA vicAra kara kumAra ko bar3I cintA huI aura usane rAjya kA samAcAra lAne ke lie catura dUta niyukta kiye| (4) bhaviSyavANI aura AkAzavANI manuSya apane bhaviSya ko jAnane ke lie utsuka rahatA hai / vaha apanI bhAvI ghaTanA aura kAryoM ko varttamAna meM hI jAna lenA cAhatA / zrataH kalAkAra apanI kathAoM meM camatkAra utpanna karane ke lie bhaviSyavANiyoM kA kathAnaka rUr3hi ke rUpa meM upayoga karatA hai / haribhadra ne nAyaka-nAyikA ko rahasyamayI ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA bhaviSyavANI dvArA dilavAyI hai / jaba koI ulajhanapUrNa paristhiti utpanna ho jAtI hai aura nAyaka yA anya pAtra ThIka niSkarSa nahIM nikAla pAtA hai, usa samaya bhaviSyavANI kaThinAI ko sulajhA detI hai / haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM AkAzavANI kA ullekha bhI milatA haiM / subhadrA ke zIla kI parIkSA ke samaya campA meM deva ne nagara dvAroM ke kholane ke lie zrAkAzavANI kA prayoga kiyA haiM / isa prakAra inhoMne bhaviSyavANI aura AkAzavANI dvArA nAyaka kI samasyA ko to sulajhAyA hI hai, sAtha hI kathAnaka ko gatizIla aura kriyA vyApAra ko agragAmI banAyA hai / amarasena se jaba viSeNa kumAra ne rAjya prApta kara liyA to vaha prajA para manamAnI karane lgaa| usane maMtrimaMDala kA apamAna yA tiraskAra kiyaa| usake vyavahAra se prajA tathA zramAtya varga saMtrasta thaa| isI samaya naimittikoM ne bhaviSyavANI kI ki viSeNa rAjya ko grahaNa karegA, para usase yaha rAjya calA jAyagA, kintu senakumAra khoye hue rAjyako punaH prApta karegA aura apane kula ke yaza ko nirmala banAye rkhegaa| (5) amAnavIya zaktiyoM se sambaddha kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM -- manuSya kI sabase balavatI pravRtti grAtmasaMrakSaNa kI hai, jisake kAraNa vaha nAnA prakAra bhautika, AdhyAtmika aura sAMskRtika prayatna karatA calatA hai / Izvara, devatA aura bhUtapreta kI kalpanA bhI usakI isa pravRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa hai / zrAdima kAla meM manuSya sUrya, candra, agni aura prAMdhI Adi kI zaktiyoM meM vizvAsa karatA thA tathA inheM devatA samajha kara inakI pUjA-upAsanA bhI karatA thA / devI-devatAoM ke samAna hI bhUta-preta meM vizvAsa karanA bhI mAnava samAja kI Adima vastu hai / saMsAra ke samasta 1- bhaga0 saM0 sa0, pR0 694 /

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266 prAcIna dharmoM meM yaha vizvAsa dikhalAI par3atA hai| manISiyoM kA vizvAsa hai ki prAtmA kA vyaktitva zarIra ke mRta ho jAne para bhI banA rahatA hai| isIke pariNAmasvarUpa prAtmA ke prAvAgamana athavA bhUta-preta meM vizvAsa karane kI pravRtti kA vikAsa huA hai| bhUta-pretoM ke alAvA aprAkRtika yA amAnava aise bhI prANI haiM, jo mAnava AkRti ke hote hue bhI vizAlatA aura zakti meM mAnava se bahuta Age hai| ye asaMbhava aura asAdhAraNa kArya karane kI kSamatA rakhate haiN| vidyAdhara isI koTi ke prANI mAne jA sakate haiN| nRzAstrajJoM kA mata hai ki yakSa, kinnara, gandharva, vidyAdhara, nAga Adi himAlaya pradeza kI jAtiyAM thIM, jo kalA-kauzala, nRtya-saMgIta, zRMgAra-vilAsa, rasAyana, tantra prAdi meM bahuta Age bar3hI huI thii| kathA ke kSetra meM alaukika aura amAnavIya zaktiyoM se sambandhita loka-vizvAsoM ne bahuta prabhAvita kiyA hai| purANa-kathAoM aura nijadharI pAkhyAnoM kI sRSTi bhI inhIM vizvAsoM ke AdhAra para huI hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM isa zreNI ko nimna kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM pAyI jAtI haiM :-- (1) rAkSasa yA vyantara kA vArtAlApa, (2) vyantarI kI prema yAcanA aura rUpAntara dvArA nAyaka ko dhokhA denA, (3) vyantarI dvArA balidAna kI mAMga, (4) vyantara dvArA vicitra kArya, (5) vidyAdharoM dvArA phalaprApti ke lie nAyaka ko sahayoga, (6) vidyAdharoM kA saMsarga, (7) adRzya zakti dvArA kAryasAdhana / 1--rAkSasa yA vyantara kA vArtAlApa dazavakAlika ko haribhadra-vRtti meM rAkSasa aura vyantara ina donoM ke vArtAlApa rUpa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga huA hai| batAyA gayA hai ki rAjA zreNika ko eka stambha kA prAsAda taiyAra karAnA thaa| usane apane yahAM ke zilpiyoM ko prAjJA dI ki yaha prAsAda zIghra hI bana jAnA caahie| lakar3I kATane vAlA vana meM gayA aura eka sIdhA vRkSa dekhakara usake pAsa khar3A ho gayA aura kahane lagA--jisane isa vRkSa ko abhibhUta kiyA hai, vaha darzana de| prakaTa hone para maiM isa vRkSa ko nahIM kATUMgA, anyathA meM isa vRkSa ko abhI kATa duuNgaa| isa bAta ko sunakara vRkSavAsI vyantara ne apanA darzana diyA aura kahA-- "prApa isa vRkSa ko na kATeM, maiM eka stambha kA prAsAda banA daMgA, jo sabhI RtuoM meM prAnanda aura ArAma dene vAlA hogaa|" isake pazcAt usa vyantara ne vaha vicitra bhavana banA diyaa| isI kathA meM Age vaizyaputrI aura rAkSasa ke vArtAlApa kA jikra AyA hai| mAlI ke pAsa jAte samaya usa vaizyaputrI ko eka cora ne pakar3a liyA aura cora se chaTane para use rAkSasa ne pkdd'aa| jaba rAkSasa ko usakA satya samAcAra avagata ho gayA, to usane use prasanna hokara chor3a diyaa| 1-- da0 hA0, pR0 81 /

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267 isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA haribhadra ne apanI kathA meM nimna bAtoM ko utpanna kiyA (1) ghaTanAoM kI naI mor3a, (2) kathA meM camatkAra, 3) kathArasa kI sRSTi, (4) kathAnaka kI gatizIlatA, (5) bhAva aura vicAroM ko anviti / 2--vyantarI dvArA prema yAcanA aura rUpAntara dvArA nAyaka ko dhokhaa| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga samarAiccakahA ke aSTama bhava kI kathA meM huA hai| susaMgatA gaNinI apanI AtmakathA kahatI huI batalAtI hai ki mere pati ke sundara rUpa ko dekhakara manoharA nAma kI yakSiNI--vyantarI mugdha ho gayI aura unase prema yAcanA karana lgii| jaba usakA manoratha saphala na huA to usane jaba meM zayana kakSa se nikala kara kisI kArya se bAhara gayI huI thI, merA jaisA rUpa banAkara vaha mere sthAna para so gyii| usane rAjA se mere hI samAna ceSTAeM kii| jaba meM kArya sampanna kara ghara meM praviSTa huI to apane sthAna para apane hI samAna eka sundarI ko paayaa| maiMne apane patideva se nivedana kiyA, to unhoMne bhramavaza mujhe hI ghara se nikAla diyaa| __isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ke dvArA haribhadra ne kathA ko gatizIla banAyA hai| kayA isa sthala se nAnA prakAra kI bhaMvaroM ko utpanna karatI huI pravAhita huI haiN| 3--vyantarI dvArA balidAna kI mAMga nAyaka ko kayAphala kI prApti meM aneka prakAra kI bAdhAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3e, isake lie kathAkAra eka vyantarI kI yojanA karatA hai / jaba nAyaka koI sAhasika kArya sampanna karatA hai athavA kisI sthAna se dhanAdi kI prApti karatA hai, usa samaya vyantarI balidAna kI mAMga karatI hai| nAyaka apanI udAratAvaza svayaM kA hI balidAna karanA cAhatA hai, para balidAna ke sthAna para use dhana yA kisI sundarI kA lAbha ho hotA hai| haribhadra ne chaThaveM bhava kI kathA meM isa kathAnaka abhiprAya kA prayoga kiyA hai| dharaNa svarNa dvIpa se aparimita svarNa iSTikA le jAne lgaa| isa dvIpa ko svAminI vANamantarI kahane lagI--balidAna diye binA yahAM se svarNa nahIM le jAyA jA sakatA hai| dharaNa apanI patnI lakSmI ko apane mitra ke sAtha jalayAna dvArA bheja detA hai aura svayaM apane ko balidAna ke rUpa meM samarpita kara detA hai| vyantarI dharaNa ke prANa lenA hI cAhatI hai ki hemakaNDala Akara usake prANoM kI rakSA karatA hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga aneka dantakathAoM aura lokakathAnoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / isake dvArA kathAkAra nimna kArya siddha karatA hai:-- (1) kathA meM camatkAra, (2) prAzcarya tattva kI yojanA, (3) kathAnaka meM mor3a, (4) gati evaM vkrtaa| 1---da0 hA0,10 543 /

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268 4 -- vyantara dvArA vicitra kArya prAkRta kathAoM meM vyantaroM dvArA vicitra kArya sampAdana kI kathAnaka rUr3hi bahulatA se prayukta hai / " uvAsagadasAo" kI sabhI kathAoM meM prAyaH vratI zrAvaka kI parIkSA koI tara nAnA prakAra kI vicitra aura prAzcaryajanaka ceSTAtroM ke sampAdana dvArA karatA hai / " nAdhammaka hAtho" meM bhI vyantara kA nirdeza milatA hai / haribhadra ne saptamabhava kI kathA meM citra nirmita mayUra dvArA vyantara ke prabhAva se hAra ko nigalane aura ugalane kI bAta kahI hai| yahAM lekhaka ne nAyikA kI parIkSA lene ke lie isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga kiyA hai / guNacandra ko vANamantara aneka upasarga detA hai / usake ye upasarga mAnavIya zakti ke rUpa meM nahIM Aye haiM, balki amAnavIya zakti ke rUpa meM vyavahRta haiN| isa rUr3hi dvArA pradhAnataH nimna kArya niSpanna hue haiM :-- ( 1 ) nAyikA ko saMkaTa meM DAlakara adbhuta rUpa se usake satya kI siddhi / (2) sthira aura ruka-ruka kara pravAhita hone vAle kathApravAha meM Azcarya kA mizraNa kara use gatizIla banAnA / ( 3 ) camatkAra utpanna karanA / 5 -- vidyAdharoM dvArA phala prApti ke lie nAyaka ko sahayoga samudra taTa para vilAsavatI ko jaba vidyAdhara apanI vidyA ke prabhAva se apaharaNa kara letA hai, to dayAlu vidyAdhara sanatkumAra kI sahAyatA karate haiM / unake dvArA vilAsavatI kA zranvaSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / vidyAoM kI sAdhanA dvArA sanatkumAra bhI vidyAdharoM jaisI zakti prApta kara letA hai / vaha asaMbhava aura vicitra kAryoM ko karane kI yogyatA prApta karatA hai / vidyAdharoM se usakA yuddha aura saMdhi hotI hai tathA use apanI nAyikA vilAsavatI kI prApti ho jAtI hai / isa abhiprAya kA prayoga adhikAMza prAkRta kathAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa rUr3hi ke prayoga dvArA kathA kI dizA hI badala jAtI hai / kathA viparIta dizA se haTakara samAnAntara dizA ko prApta hotI hai / nAyaka-nAyikA mArmika viyoga dazA ko pAra karate hue saMyoga kI ora bar3hate haiM / kathAkAra ghaTanAoM kI gati aura sthiti kI yojanA itanI dakSatA se karatA hai, jisase bhAvanAoM meM pUrA tanAva utpanna hotA hai / 6--- vidyAdharoM kA saMsarga kathAkAra nAyaka ko kaThinAiyoM meM DAlakara use kisI vidyAdhara yA anya kisI amAnavIya zakti ke sAtha sambaddha dikhalAtA hai / nirAzA aura atyadhika vipannAvasthA meM nAyaka ko dekhakara prakRti bhI vicalita ho jAtI hai / amAnavIya zaktiyoM kI bhI nAyaka ke sAtha sahAnubhUti utpanna hone lagatI hai / pAThaka jaba yaha samajhate haiM ki unake dvArA zraddhApAtra nAyaka aba sadA ke lie apanA astitva vilIna kara rahA hai, usa samaya ya e adbhuta zaktiyAM nAyaka ke sAtha sahAnubhUti prakaTa karatI haiM aura nAyaka ina vidyAdharoM ka saMsarga se apanI priyA ko prApta karatA hai / vidyAdhara aura nAga jAti ke vyaktiyoM 1 sa0 pa0 611 / 2-- aSTabhava kI kathA meM prAdyAnta zramAnava aura mAnava saMgharSa / 3 - sa0, pR0 433 /

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266 kA yaha sahayoga kathA ko camatkRta karane ke sAtha gatizIla bhI banAtA hai| yaha saMsarga sat aura asat donoM rUpoM meM prApta hotA hai| sat rUpa meM vipanna nAyaka kI sahAyatA aura asata rUpa meM tapa yA dhyAna meM rata nAyaka ko ghora upasarga diyA jAtA hai| donoM hI dRSTiyoM se yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi samAna rUpa se hI kathA meM gatimatva dharma utpanna karatI 7--adRzya zakti dvArA kArya-sAdhana yA kArya-virAdhana jaba nAyaka apane bala-pauruSa dvArA kArya sampanna nahIM kara pAtA hai, usa samaya vidyAdhara aura nAga Adi ke atirikta koI aisI adRzya zakti kArya meM sahAyaka hotI hai, jise nagaradeva, grAmadeva, vanadeva yA rakSapAla kahA jA sakatA hai| isa parokSa zakti ke dvArA nAyaka kI prANarakSA to hotI hI hai sAtha hI vaha nirdoSa bhI siddha kiyA jAtA hai| yajJadeva candanasArthavAha ke yahAM se corI kara sArA sAmAna cakradeva ke yahAM rakha detA hai aura cakradeva ko rAjA se cora kahakara use giraphtAra bhI karA detA hai / rAjAjJA se cakradeva niSkAsita kara diyA jAtA hai / ataH vaha AtmahatyA karanA cAhatA hai| isa kArya ko pUrNa karane ke lie vaha apane uttarIya ko vaTa ke vRkSa meM bAMdha kara phAMsI lagA lenA cAhatA hai, jisase apanI kaluSita AtmA ko kisIko nahIM dikhalA ske| isI samaya nagara devatA ko caRdeva ke Upara dayA utpanna hotI hai aura vaha rAja bhavana meM jAkara rAjamAtA ko sArI sthiti se avagata karA detA hai| ___ kathAkAra ne ukta sthiti meM uparyukta kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga kara nAyaka ke caritra ko nirdoSa to siddha kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI kathAnaka ko duHkhAnta hone se bacAyA hai| isa rUr3hi yA abhiprAya ke prayoga ke binA kathA Age bar3ha bhI nahIM sakatI thii| ataH lekhaka kA yaha prayAsa zlAghanIya haiN| kaI sthAnoM para yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi nAyaka ke kAryavirAdhana ke rUpa meM bhI AtI hai| kisI kAraNavaza nAyaka yA pratinAyaka ko kaSTa dene kA kArya bhI isake dvArA dikhalAyA jAtA hai| para yaha dhyAtavya hai ki rUr3hi ke isa taraha ke prayoga dvArA kathA meM vahI camatkAra utpanna kiyA jAtA hai, jo kAryasAdhana ke samaya kiyA jAtA hai / isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ko kaSTa ke samaya nagara devatA kI sahAyatA ke lie upasthita hone ke rUpa meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| adRzya zakti kSetrapAla yA rakSapAla ke rUpa meM bhI prayukta hotI huI dikhalAyI gayI hai| 3---atimAnavIya zakti aura kAryoM se sambaddha kathAnaka ruuddhiyaaN| isa varga meM sAtvika prakRti ke devatAoM aura alaukika zaktiyoM tathA kAryoM se sambaddha kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM yA abhiprAya Ate haiN| bhAratavarSa prAzcarya aura rahasya kA deza isameM devI-devatAoM kI kalpanA aneka rUpoM meM kI gayI hai| ataH haribhadra jaise zreSTha kathAkAra ne isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga nimna prakAra kiyA hai:(1) kaThina kArya ke sampAdana ke nimitta sahAyaka ke rUpa meM devatAryo kA avatarita honaa| (2) viziSTa avasaroM para deva kA prakaTa hokara kathA nAyaka athavA nAyikA ke praNa kI parIkSA lenaa| 1- samuppannA mamovari nayaradevayAe annukmpaa| AvesiUNa rAyajaNaNiM sAhiyaM jahaDhiyameva evaM tIe raainno|-s0 pR0 116 /

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270 (3) alaukika aura Azcaryajanaka kArya ke sampAdana ke nimitta devI zakti ko rUpa meM / ( 4 ) tIrtha karoM kI mahattA prakaTa karane ke rUpa meM / (5) khala nAyaka banakara nAyaka ko taMga karane ke rUpa meM / (6) darzana dekara nAyaka ke mahattva sAdhanArtha nijAbhiprAya nivedanArtha / (7) satya parIkSA ke rUpa meM / (8) upAsanA dvArA santAna prApti ke rUpa meM / 1 - - sahAyatArtha kaThina kAryoM kA sRjana kathAkAroM kI yaha zailI haiM ki ve nAyaka nAyikA para kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa ne se kisI alaukika divya zakti dvArA unakI sahAyatA dikhalAkara apanI kathA meM camatkAra utpanna karate haiN| paurANika, nijandharI tathA dhArmika kathAoM meM isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga khUba huA hai / haribhadra kI laghukathAtroM meM yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi zraneka sthaloM para upalabdha hotI haiM / upadeza pada meM batAyA gayA hai ki cANakya kI sahAyatA se jaba pATalIputra kA rAjya prApta ho gayA to cANakya ko isa bAta kI cintA huI ki rAjya kI zakti ko majabUta karane ke lie dhana kI zrAvazyakatA hai / yaha dhana kahAM se aura kaise prApta kiyA jAya ? unakI isa kaThinAI kA samAdhAna eka deva kI kRpA se huaa| deva ne mAyAvI pAze dekara cANakya ko dhanArjana kI yukti batalA dii| isa prakAra kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM dvArA yahAM tIna kArya sampanna hue haiM- (1) nAyaka kI samasyA kA hala ho jAne se kathA kA phala prApti kI ora mur3a jAnA / (2) kathA meM camatkAra utpanna karanA / (3) dRSTAnta ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie pRSThabhUmi taiyAra karanA / isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA haribhadra ne upadeza pada kI 5vIM gAthA' meM thor3A sA ghumAva dekara bhI upayoga kiyA hai / mAnava jIvana kI durlabhatA batalAne ke lie kautUhala priya kisI deva ne bharata kSetra ke samasta anAja meM eka sarasoM kA dAnA DAla diyA aura usane eka vRddhA ko usa anAja meM se sarasoM kA dAnA nikAlane ke lie niyata kiyaa| bahuta prayAsa karane para bhI usa anAja ke Dhera meM se usa sarasoM ke dAne kA milanA jisa prakAra durlabha hai, usI prakAra manuSya jIvana kI praapti| yahAM bhI isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ne eka asaMbhava aura kaThina kArya kA hI sRjana kiyA hai, jisase kathA meM gati utpanna huI haiM / 2 - kathAnaka ke praNa kI parIkSA saudharma svarga ke indra kI sabhA meM kisI vyaktivizeSa ke vratoM kI prazaMsA kI jAtI hU~ / koI IrSyAlu deva una prazaMsAtmaka bAtoM para vizvAsa nahIM karatA aura usakI parIkSA ke lie cala detA hai| kaThinAiyoM meM DAlakara nAyaka ke vrata kA parIkSaNa karatA hai / isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra ne bhI apanI laghukathAoM meM kiyA hai| kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki tagarA nagarI ke ratisAra nAma ke rAjA kA putra bhImakumAra vRr3ha 1 - - ghaNNetti bharaha vasse upa0 pR0 22 /

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271 brahmacArI thaa| usake nirdoSa brahmacarya kI prazaMsA saudharma indra kI sabhA meM kI gii| manuSya striyoM kI to bAta hI kyA, bhImakumAra ko devAMganAeM bhI apane vrata se vicalita nahIM kara sakatI haiM / eka deva ko bhImakumAra kI yaha prazaMsA acchI na lagI aura vaha usake praNa kI parIkSA ke lie cala pdd'aa| usane eka sundara divya nArI banAyI tathA eka usakI vRddhA mAM / ve donoM bhImakumAra ke pAsa phuNciiN| vRddhA ne bhImakumAra se nivedana kiyA-" mahAnubhAva ! merI yaha sarvaguNasampanna kanyA Apase vivAha karanA cAhatI haiM, Apa ise svIkAra kara merA upakAra kreN| yaha triloka sundarI hai / isane pratijJA kI hai, yaha Apake sAtha hI vivAha karegI, anyathA apane prANa de degii| Apa aba soca lIjie ki yadi Apa isake sAtha vivAha nahIM karate haiM, to zrApako strIhatyA kA pApa lagegA / bhImakumAra ne viSayoM kI nissAratA kA vicAra karate hue mauna vrata dhAraNa kiyaa| usa deva bhImakumAra ko vicalita karane ke lie aneka prakAra ke prayAsa kiye, para vaha saphala na ho skaa| anta meM usake vrata se prabhAvita hokara vaha pratyakSa prakaTa huA aura caraNoM meM girakara kSamA yAcanA kii| rAjA zreNika kI parIkSA bhI eka deva ne isI prakAra kI hai / " haribhadra ne isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga nimna kAryoM ke lie kiyA hai --- ( 1 ) kathA ko nayI dizA meM mor3a dene ke lie, ( 2 ) nAyaka kI mahattA aura gaurava dikhalAne ke lie, (3) kathA meM kutUhala aura Azcarya banAye rakhane ke lie| 3 - - alaukika aura Azcaryajanaka kAryoM ke sampAdanArtha divyazakti kA prayoga jaba nAyaka yA nAyikA apane puruSArtha se parAsta ho jAte haiM aura unheM saphalatA nahIM mila pAtI hai, to koI divya zakti zrAkara sahAyatA karatI haiM / kabhI-kabhI yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi nAyaka kI mahattA dikhalAne ke lie bhI AtI hai / isakA prayoga haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM huA hai / eka kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka bhillarAja zrAsthApUrvaka zivajI kI bhakti karatA thA / vaha snAna karane ke pazcAt gande jala se ziva kA abhiSeka karatA aura manamAne DhaMga se phala-phUla cddh'aataa| ziva jI prasanna hokara bhillarAja se bAteM karate / eka dina bhakta brAhmaNa ne zivajI ko tAnA mArate hue kahA -- " prApa par3e pakSapAtI haiN| mujhe bhakti karate varSoM bIta gaye, para Apa prasanna nahIM hue / isa mUrkha bhIla se itane prasanna haiM ki isase ghaMToM bAteM karate haiM / " zivajI ne eka dina apanA eka netra ukhAr3akara alaga kara diyaa| brAhmaNa zrAyA aura dekhakara duHkhI huA, para pUjA kara calatA bnaa| bhIla bhI AyA, ziva ko eka netra na dekhakara usane apanA eka netra zivajI ko lagA diyaa| ziva jI ne pratyakSa hokara brAhmaNa se kahA -- dekho apanI aura bhilla kI bhakti meM antara meM isIlie usase prasanna hokara bAteM karatA hUM / abhiprAya dvArA nimna tathyoM para prakAza par3atA hai : isa kathA nAyaka kA utkarSa, kathA meM prAzcarya ke sUjana dvArA mor3a, bhAvanAoM kI mahattA, (4) camatkAra sRjana / -- upadeza pada gAthA 245 - 250, pR0 175 / 2- da0 hA0, pR0 204 | 3 - - daM0 hA0, pR0 208 /

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raSThara 4--tIrtha karoM kI mahattA prakaTa karane ke lie prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM hI bhASAoM ke jaina kathAkAra kathAoM ko camatkRta banAne evaM tIrtha karoM kI mahattA batalAne ke lie devoM kA kalyANakoM ke samaya pAnA dikhalAte haiN| janma ke samaya deva sumeru parvata para tIrtha kara ko le jAkara janmAbhiSeka sampanna karate haiN| vairAgya hone para laukAntika deva pAte haiM aura tIrtha kara vairAgya kI puSTi karate haiN| kevalajJAna hone para samavazaraNa kA nirmANa bhI devoM dvArA hotA hai| nirmANa prApta karane para agni kumAra jAti ke deva agni saMskAra tathA vaimAnika deva nirvANotsava sampanna karate haiN| devoM ke ye sAre kRtya aura unake dvArA sampanna ko gayI ghaTanAeM itanI rUr3ha aura piSTapoSita ho gaya' hai, ki sabhI paurANika kathAoM meM ekarUpatA milegii| itanA hone para bhI isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA nimna kathA-tathya siddha hote haiM :-- (1) nAyaka kA lokottaratva, (2) kathApravAha meM gati aura sarasatA, (3) Azcarya aura saundarya utpanna karanA, (4) nizcita uddezya kI siddhi ke lie phalAgama kI ora kathA kA vikaas| 5--khalanAyaka banakara nAyaka ko taMga karane ke rUpa meM isa kathAnAka rur3hi kA prayoga do prakAra se upalabdha hotA hai| kahIM to koI deva yA anya koI divya zakti khalanAyaka banakara nAyaka ko anta taka pIr3A dene kI ceSTA karatI hai| kahI esA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki koI deva svarga se AkaranA sambodhana karatA hai yA saMkaTa athavA kaThinAI ke samaya nAyaka ko sahAyatA karatA hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM isa kathA abhiprAya ke donoM hI prayoga upalabdha haiN| eka kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki sundarI kA pati nanda marakara bandara ho jAtA hai| sundarI ke nimitta se use jAti-smaraNa ho jAtA hai aura vaha saMllekhanA dhAraNa karatA hai| phalataH deva ho jAtA hai aura vahAM se vaha sundarI ko sambodhana karane AtA hai / samarAiccakahA meM velandhara kA samarAditya ke upasarga kA dUra karanA bhI isa koTi kI kathAnaka rUr3hi hai / guNadharma nAma ke seTha kA putra jinadharma bhI svarga se Akara apanI bhAryA aura mitra ko sambodhita karatA hai aura unheM viSayoM se chur3Akara tyAga ke mArga meM lagAtA hai| saptama bhava kI kathA meM isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga kucha ghumAva ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| sarvAMgasundarI kA vivAha bandhudatta se ho jAtA hai, suhAga rAta ke dina koI deva jAkara sundarI se bAta karatA hai, jisase vaha usake caritra para AzaMkA kara usakA tyAga kara detA hai| 6--darzana dekara svAbhiprAya nivedana jaba kisI viSaya meM vivAda upasthita hotA hai to koI divya zakti apanA svarUpa prakaTa kara usa vivAda ko zAMta karatI hai| haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga kiyA hai| 1--upa0gA0 30--34, pR0 40 / 2--saM0sa0, pR0 928 / /

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273 samarAiccakahA ke navama bhava kI kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki kumAra samarAditya jaba apanI donoM rAniyoM ko upadeza dekara unase jIvanaparyanta ke lie viSaya-sukha kA tyAga karA detA hai, usI samaya unake mAtA-pitA ko bahuta ciMtA utpanna hotI hai / Age saMyama dvArA saMtAna utpatti kI saMbhAvanA hI calI jAne se mAtA-pitA becaina ho jAte haiM / vaMza paramparA ke samApta ho jAne kA dRzya unakI AMkhoM ke Age upasthita ho jAtA hai / isa dvandva kI sthiti meM sudarzanA devI prakaTa hotI haiM / vaha kahatI hai- "mahArAja ! viSAda karanA nirarthaka hai / kumAra kA mArga bahuta uttama hai, unhoMne viSa tyAgakara amRta grahaNa kiyA haiM / saMsAra ke viSayoM kA tyAga karanA bar3A bhArI puruSArtha hai / Apa dhanya haiM, jinheM isa prakAra kA putra prApta huA hai / maiM Apake putra ke anurAga ke kAraNa apanA nivAsa chor3akara isa bhavana meM rahatI hU~ / Apaloga viSAda chor3iye aura putra ke kArya kA samarthana kiijie| isa kathAnaka rur3hi kA prayoga haribhadra ne nimna kAryoM kI siddhi ke lie kiyA hai :-- ( 1 ) dvandva kI samApti kara prakAza kA nirmANa / ( 2 ) kathA ko phalonmukha banAnA / (3) kathApravAha meM gati / ( 4 ) nAyaka kA utkarSa / 7- satya - parIkSA "satra parIkSA yA satya kiyA" kathA abhiprAya kA prayoga dIrghakAla se hotA A rahA hai / haribhadra kI kaI kathAeM isI abhiprAya ke AdhAra para khar3I haiN| kisI nizcita prayojana kI siddhi ke lie kisI prakAra kA satyakathana athavA usa satya kI parIkSA yA puSTi ke lie kisI ghaTanA kA ghaTita ho jAnA isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ke antargata AtA hai / subhadrA ke caritra para lage lAMchana ko dUra karane evaM usakI satItva-siddhi ke lie eka deva AtA hai aura nagara ke samasta dvAroM ko banda kara detA hai / vaha AkAzavANI dvArA logoM ko sUcanA detA hai ki isa nagara ke dvAroM ko pativratA nArI cAlanI meM jala lAkara jala ke chIMToM dvArA hI khola sakatI hai| anya kisI upAya se isake dvAra nahIM khuleMge aura Age calakara hotA bhI yahI haiN| isa prakAra isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga kathA meM camatkAra aura kathArasa meM vRddhi utpanna karatA hai / 8 - - devopAsanA dvArA santAna kI prApti bhAratavarSa meM santAna kA mahattva atyadhika hai| saMtAna ke abhAva meM jIvana nIrasa mAnA jAtA hai / uttarAdhikAra kA prazna jIvana ke lie mahatvapUrNa aura Avazyaka hai / ataH santAna kI kAmanA yahAM jIvana kI bhUkha mAnI gayI hai / saMtAna prApti ke abhAva meM devatAoM kI upAsanA karate haiM aura unakI kRpA se saMtAna prApta kara vaMza-vRddhi karate haiM / haribhadra ne isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga samarAiccakahA ke caturtha bhava kI kathA meM kiyA hai / ve zramaNa sArthavAha aura zrIdevI ko putra na hone se inhoMne dhanadeva yakSa kI upAsanA kI / upAsanA ke phalasvarUpa inheM putra utpanna huaa| jo isa bhava kI kathA kA nAyaka hai / isa rUr3hi kI upayogitA kathA ko camatkRta banAne meM hai / 1 - - sAM0 sa0, pR0 911-912 / 2- vahI, pR0 235 / 18- 22 e.0 1

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274 34 - pazu-pakSiyoM se sambaddha kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM loka pracalita kathAoM ke samAna ho katipaya abhijAta kathAoM meM bhI pazu-pakSI manuSyoM se bAtacIta karate haiM, unakA duHkha-darda samajhate haiM aura yathA avasara unakI sahAyatA bhI karate haiN| loka mAnasa ne pazu-pakSiyoM se eka sneha sambandha sthApita kiyA hai aura usakI abhivyakti kathA sAhitya meM huI haiN| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra ne nimna rUpoM meM kiyA hai: --- (1) milita SaDyaMtra | (2) machalI dvArA rupayoM kA bhakSaNa / (3) nAyaka nAyikA kI krIr3A sAmagrI ke rUpa meM / ( 4 ) bhakti karake svayaM zubhaphala prApti ke rUpa meM / 1 - milita SaDyantra isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga dvitIya bhava kI kathA meM zuka aura zukI ke milita SaDyaMtra ke rUpa meM huA hai / candradeva ke jIva hAthI kI yajJadeva kA jIva zuka vaMcanA karanA cAhatA hai / vaha apanI patnI se milakara hAthI kA badha kara denA cAhatA hUM / ataH donoM kUTanIti dvArA use eka pahAr3a kI coTI se gira jAne ko prerita karate haiM / zuka kA yaha kArya kathAnaka ko gatizIla banAne meM bahuta sahAyaka hai, vAtAvaraNa ke vistAra meM bhI yaha abhiprAya kama gatizIla nahIM hai / Age ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kI paTabhUmi kA nirmANa bhI isake dvArA ho jAtA hai / 2 -- machalI dvArA rupayoM kA bhakSaNa isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga usa sthiti meM hotA hai jaba bhAgya - siddhi yA dhanasaMcaya ke doSa dikhalAye jAte haiM / yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi bahuta priya hai / prAcInakAla se hI isakA prayoga hotA A rahA hai| eka laghukathA meM haribhadra ne batalAyA hai ki do daridra bhAI paradeza se dhanArjana karake lAte haiN| mArga meM saMcita dhana kI thailI jisake pAsa rahatI haiM, usI kI buddhi bhUSTa ho jAtI hai aura vahI dUsare kI hatyA karane kI bAta socane lagatA haiM / phalataH ve donoM usa dhana kI thailI ko eka tAlAba meM DAla dete haiN| saMyogavaza machalI una rupayoM ko khA jAtI hai aura vahI unakI dAsI dvArA mArI jAtI hai / dAsI dvArA chipAte samaya rupayoM kI thailI unakI mAM ko bhI dikhalAyI par3a jAtI hai| isake lie vRddhA aura dAsI meM mArapITa hotI hai / bur3hiyA mArI jAtI haiM aura putroM ko mAM ke zava ke pAsa vaha thailI tathA machalI par3I dikhalAyI par3atI hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA nimna kathA tathyoM ko siddha kiyA gayA hai : (1) galpavRkSa kA mUla skandha aura zAkhAoM kI ora phailAva / ( 2 ) rAgAtmaka sambandhoM kI saphalatA / (3) janma-janmAntara ke kArya-kAraNa kI siddhi / (4) kathA meM camatkAra aura mor3a utpanna karane ke lie kutUhala kA sRjana / 1 - - sa0, pR0 108 / 2-- da0hA0gA0 55, 070 /

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275 3--nAyaka nAyikA kI krIr3A sAmagrI ke rUpa meM premI-premikA jalavihAra, vasantavihAra yA anya kisI Rtu vihAra ke avasara para pakSiyoM ke sAtha krIr3A kara manovinoda karate haiN| unake dvArA kiyA gayA yaha vinoda vaiyaktika nahIM hotA hai, balki yaha sAmAnya rahatA hai| kathAnaka rUr3hi ke rUpa meM prayukta ghaTanA Age vAlI ghaTanAoM ko bahuta gatizIla banAtI hai| sanatkumAra aura vilAsavatI kI kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki ina donoM kA viyoga isIlie haA ki inhoMne pUrvajanma meM jalavihAra ke samaya mAtra manovinoda ke lie cakravAka aura cakravAkI ko raMgIna kara diyA thA, jisase ve Apasa meM eka-dUsare ko pahacAnane meM asamartha rhe| eka-dUsare ko bhUla jAne ke kAraNa unheM viyogajanya kaSTa bhoganA pdd'aa| jaba jala meM chor3a dene para unake zarIra kA raMga nikala gayA to Apasa meM eka-dUsare ko pahacAna ske| 4--bhakti karake svayaM zubha phala prApti ke rUpa meM manuSya ke samAna pazu-pakSI bhI bhakti kara apanI AtmA ko zubha pariNAmoM se yukta karanA cAhate haiN| ve bhI manuSya kI taraha apane hitAhita kA vicAra karate haiN| eka ora hama mer3haka ko kamala-paMkhur3I lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pUjA karane ke lie udyata dekhate haiM, to dUsarI ora koI bAnara zivajI kI bhakti karatA dikhalAI par3atA hai| pazu-pakSiyoM ke kAryoM kA ullekha kathAoM meM kaI rUpoM meM AyA hai| haribhadra ne eka laghukathA meM batAyA hai ki eka totA bhaktipUrvaka AsamaMjarI lekara mahAvana meM sthita jinacaityAlaya meM jAkara jinendra bhagavAna kI pUjA karatA hai| pUjA ke isa rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM janma dhAraNa karatA hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga kara haribhadra ne nimna kathAkAryoM kI siddhi ko hai :-- (1) ghaTanAoM meM AkasmikatA kA pryog| (2) bhAvanAoM kA udaattiikrnn| (3) kathA meM gtidhrm| (4) ghaTanAoM ko camatkRta krnaa| 6--tantra-mantra, jAdu, camatkAra aura auSadhiyoM se sambaddha rUDhiyAM tantra-mantra, jAdU, camatkAra aura auSadhiyoM ke prati lokamAnasa kI pUrI AsthA hai| yogI, siddha, tAMtrika, mAntrika aura camatkArI vyaktiyoM ke prati manuSya sadA zraddhAnamita rahatA hai| isa zraddhA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki loga ina asAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM se Darate haiN| haribhadra ne kathAoM meM tantra-mantra ke camatkAra svarUpa nimna kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai:-- (1) auSadhiyoM kA camatkAra / (2) mantra zaktiyoM kA cmtkaar| 1--upa0gA0 975--986 /

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276 (3) paTa camatkAra | (4) guTikA aura aMjana prayoga dvArA adRzya honA / (5) camatkArapUrNa maNiyoM ke prayoga / (6) mRtaka kA jIvita honA / (7) vidyA yA jAdU ke prayoga dvArA asaMbhava kArya siddhi / (8) rUpa parivartana | 1 - - auSadhi kA camatkAra auSadhiyoM ke camatkAra sudIrgha prAcIna kAla se cale A rahe haiM / lokamAnasa kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki auSadhiyoM ke prayoga se mRtaprAya vyakti jIvita ho jAtA hai aura svastha vyakti tatkAla mRtyu prApta kara sakatA hai / haribhadra ne isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga kathA kI dizA ko mor3ane meM bar3I kuzalatA se kiyA hai| chaThaveM bhava kI kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki dharaNa ne hemakuNDala se isa prakAra kI camatkArapUrNa auSadhi prApta kI thI, jisa auSadhi ke prayoga dvArA dhar3a se chinna vyakti kA sira bhI juTa sakatA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, kiMtu isa auSadhi ke lagAte hI bar3A-sA bar3A ghAva bhara sakatA thA / dharaNa ne isa auSadhi kA sabase pahale upayoga siMha dvArA ghAyala kiye gaye kAlasena nAmaka pallIpati ko, jo ki mRtyu kI goda meM pahuMca cukA thA, bacAne ke lie kiyA / auSadhi ke camatkAra se pallIpati tatkAla acchA ho jAtA hai| usake sabhI ghAva bhara jAte haiM / jAdU ke prayoga ke samAna vaha tatkAla caMgA ho jAtA hai| isake anantara isa auSadhi kA prayoga hemakuNDala ne svarNadvIpa meM vyantarI dvArA dharaNa ko mRtaprAya banAye jAne para kiyA hai / isa prasaMga meM bhI marate hue dharaNa kI prANarakSA ho gayI hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga nimna kathA tathyoM kI siddhi ke nimitta kiyA gayA hai :-- ( 1 ) kathA ko gatizIla banAne ke lie / (2) kathA ke pravAha ko abhISTa dizA meM mor3ane ke lie / (3) Azcarya aura kutUhala ke sRjana ke lie / ( 4 ) nAyaka ke caritra kA utkarSa dikhalAne ke lie / ( 5 ) ilatha cetanA ko jAgrata karane ke lie / 2 - maMtra zaktiyoM kA camatkAra lokamAnasa anAdi kAla se Azcaryayukta zaktiyoM para vizvAsa karatA calA A rahA hai| vaidika yuga se hI maMtra kA prabhAva sarvavidita rahA hai| maMtra pradhAnataH cAra prakAra ke mAne jAte haiM -- vedamaMtra, gurumaMtra, prArthanAmaMtra aura camatkAra - maMtra | camatkAra maMtroM ke mAraNa, mohana aura uccATana ye tIna mukhya bheda haiN| sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI meM mantra zaktiyoM ke prabhAva kA bar3A jora thA / bhArata meM usa samaya tantra-mantra kA sampradAya saba ke lie AkarSaNa kI vastu banA huA thaa| bauddhoM meM aneka tAntrika yogI apanI siddhiyAM dikhalAkara asAdhAraNa kArya sampanna karate the / haribhadra ke kathAsAhitya meM bhI isa zreNI kI kaI kathAnaka rur3hiyAM pAyI jAtI haiN| paMcama bhAva ko kathA meM AyA hai ki sanatkumAra 1- sa0, pa0 507 /

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277 kA paricaya eka siddhasena nAmaka mAMtrika se hotA hai / yaha mAntrika inako maMtra kA camatkAra dikhalAne ke lie nagara se bAhara eka maMDala banAtA hai aura sarSapa dvArA devI kA AhvAna karatA hai / kucha hI kSaNa meM devI upasthita hokara apanA darzana detI hai / sanatkumAra mantra camatkAra ko dekhakara Azcarya cakita ho jAtA hai / mithilAdhipati vijayadharma rAjA kI patnI candradharmA ko kisI mAntrika ne maMtra - siddhi ke nimitta chaH mahIne ke lie apaharaNa kiyA thA / isI prakAra utpalA nAmaka parivrAjikA na bandhu sundarI ke pati ko, jisakA anurAga madirAvatI se thA, uccATana prayoga dvArA use madirAvatI se pRthaka kiyaa| haribhadra ne isa kathA abhiprAya ke prayoga dvArA nimna kAryoM kI siddhi kI hai --- ( 1 ) kathA ko nayI dizA kI ora mor3a / (2) Azcarya aura kutUhala kA sRjana / (3) rukate hue kathA pravAha ko gatizIla banAnA / ( 4 ) phalAgama kI ora bar3hatI huI kathA meM saMgharSa aura tanAva utpanna karanA / 3-- paTa camatkAra sanatkumAra ko manorathadatta se "nayana mohana" nAma kA eka camatkArapUrNa vastra prApta hotA hai| isa vastra meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki vastra se AcchAdita vyakti ko koI AMkhoM se dekha nahIM sakatA hai / vastra kA prayoga karate hI vyakti adRzya ho jAtA hai / sanatkumAra na e samudra taTa para vilAsavatI ko yaha vastra dekara adRzya kiyA thA, kiMtu vidyAdhara na mAntrika zakti se use dekha liyA aura usakA apaharaNa kiyaa| haribhadra ne camatkArI paTa kA prayoga kathAnaka rUr3hi ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| isake prayoga dvArA nimna kathA tathya niSpanna hue haiM : --- (1) sarala mArga se ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ko vakra banAnA / (2) kathArasa ko ghanIbhUta karanA / (3) nAyaka meM AtmavizvAsa utpanna kara use sAhasika kArya karane kI ora pravRtta karanA / 4 - guTikA aura aMjana prayoga dvArA adRzya honA kathA meM camatkAra utpanna karane ke lie kathAkAra isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga karate haiN| chaThaveM bhava kI kathA meM isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra ne kiyA hai / caNDarudra nAmaka cora ke pAsa "para dRSTi mohinI" nAma kI caura guTikA thI, jise jala meM ragar3akara AMkha meM lagA lene se vyakti anya logoM ko to dekha sakatA thA, para anya vyakti use nahIM dekha sakate the| lakSmI se jala lekara caNDarudra ne isa guTikA kA prayoga kiyA thA aura dharaNa ko corI ke aparAdha meM phaMsA diyA thaa| 1 - sa0, pR0 401-402 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 3 - - vahI, pR0 4 - vahI, pR0 782 / 828 // 521 /

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278 5--camatkArapUrNa maNiyoM ke prayoga maNi, maMtra-taMtra kA pracAra prAcIna kAla se hI bhAratavarSa meM rahA hai| candrakAntA, sUryakAntA, cintAmaNi Adi maNiyA~ aneka prakAra ke iSTa kAryoM kI siddhi karane vAlI hotI hai| inake prayoga se roga, zoka, dAridraya Adi kSaNabhara meM vilIna ho jAte haiN| Aja bhI maNiyoM ko mudrikA meM jar3avAkara loga dhAraNa karate haiN| maNiyoM ke prayoga kI rUr3hi bhI kathAkAroM ke lie priya rahI hai| kathAsaritsAgara meM bhI isa rUr3hi kA prayoga huA hai| haribhadra ne isa rUr3hi kA prayoga saptama bhava kI kathA meM kiyA hai| samaraketu atyadhika bImAra hai, usakI sthiti marane kI hai| yahAM Arogya maNi kA prayoga kara use svastha kiyA jAtA hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA vyavahAra nimna prayojanoM kI siddhi ke lie kiyA gayA hai:-- (1) rukatI huI kathA ko Age bar3hAne ke lie| (2) kathA pravAha ko tIvra banAne ke lie| (3) kathAnaka ko camatkRta banAne ke lie| 6-mRtaka kA jIvita honA mAla maMtra-taMtra ke prayoga dvArA mRtaka vyakti ko jIvita karane kA vizvAsa purANakAla meM pracalita thaa| madhyayuga meM bhI yaha vizvAsa kArya karatA thaa| haribhadra ne isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga caturtha bhava kI kathA meM kiyA hai| cANDAla dhana ko phAMsI para laTakAne le jA rahA hai| zmazAnabhUmi meM pahuMcakara vaha usakI hatyA karanA cAhatA hai, para na kauna-sI aisI Antarika preraNA hai, jisake kAraNa vaha aisA nahIM kara pA rahA hai| isI dvandva kI sthiti meM eka ghoSaNA sunAI par3atI hai ki zrAvastI nareza ke bar3e putra sumaMgala kI sarpa ke kATane se mRtyu ho gayI hai| jo ise jIvita kara degA, use muMhamAMgA puraskAra milegaa| isa ghoSaNA ko sunakara dhana cANDAla se kahatA hai ki maiM mRta putra ko jIvita kara sakatA huuN| phalataH donoM ukta ghaTanAsthala para pahuMcate haiN| dhana gAruDa-maMtra ke prayoga dvArA sumaMgala ko jIvita ( jIvita kara detA hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra ne nimna uddezyoM kI siddhi ke lie kiyA hai -- (1) anta hote hue nAyaka kI rakSA ke lie| (2) avaruddha hote hue kathAnaka ko jhaTake ke sAtha ekAeka Age bar3hAne ke lie| (3) nayI dizA kI ora kathA ko mor3ane ke lie| (4) nAyaka ko prajJAzIla dikhalAkara use nirdoSa siddha karane ke lie| (5) rahasya aura Azcarya kI sRSTi ke lie| 7--vidyA yA jAdU ke prayoga dvArA asaMbhava kArya-siddhi bhAratavarSa jAdU kA deza rahA hai| prAcIna kAla se hI jAdU aura vidyAoM ke camatkAra dikhalAye jAte rahe haiN| haribhadra ne isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga eka laghukathA meM kiyA 1--sa0, pR0 651-652 / 2--vahI, pR0 263-264 /

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279 hai / batAyA gayA hai ki eka nAI vidyAbala se apanI peTI ko AkAza meM laTakA detA thaa| usake isa camatkAra ke sAmane sabhI loga nata mastaka the| usase isa vidyA ko eka parivrAjaka ne prApta kiyaa| vaha parivrAjaka isa vidyA ke prayoga dvArA tridaMDa ko AkAza meM laTakA detA thA' / 8 -- rUpa parivartana ] rUpa parivartana dvArA logoM ko camatkRta karanA aura apanA abhISTa kArya siddha karanA eka prasiddha kathAnaka rUr3hi hai / haribhadra ne isakA prayoga mUladeva kI kathA meM kiyA hai / mUladeva ujjainI meM jAne para guTikA ke prayoga dvArA apanA baunA rUpa banA letA hai / rUpa parivartana kI isa rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra ne vizeSa uddezya kI siddhi ke lie kiyA hai / 9 -- laukika kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM prema yA yauna vyApAra ko sampanna karane ke lie kathAkAra laukika kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga karatA hai / isa zreNI kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM nimna prakAra se upalabdha hotI haiM --- (1) kisI nirjana sthAna meM athavA vasantavihAra ke samaya vana meM acAnaka kisI rUpavatI ramaNI kA sAkSAtkAra / (2) ghor3e kA mArga bhUlakara kisI vicitra sthAna meM pahuMcanA / (3) nAyikA ke anukUla na banane para nAyaka dvArA usakI hatyA kA prayAsa / (4) abhISTa siddhi ke lie nAyikA ko nAyaka ke prati kruddha honA / (5) pUrva snehAnurAgavaza nAyikA kI prApti aura vipatti / (6) premAdhikya ke kAraNa viyoga kI sthiti meM AtmahatyA kI viphala ceSTA / (7) anya ke dvArA priyA kA prasAdana karate dekha priyA kA smaraNa aura usakA prabhAva / (8) sundarI nAyikA kI prApti meM bAdhaka dharma kA parivartana | ( 9 ) kalpapAdapa yA priyamelaka vRkSa / (10) nAyaka ko dhokhA dekara nAyikA kA anya premI ke sAtha avaidha sambandha / (11) strI kA prema nivedana aura icchA pUrNa na hone para SaDyantra / (1) kisI nirjana sthAna meM athavA vasantavihAra ke samaya vana meM acAnaka kisI rUpavatI ramaNI kA sAkSAtkAra / isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga samarAiccakahA ke dvitIya bhava aura paMcama bhava kathA meM vizeSa rUpa se huA hai / yoM to yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi itanI adhika lokapriya hai ki isakA vyavahAra samagra bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha haiN| siMhakumAra aura kusumAvalI kA vasantotsava 1 - - da0hA0, pR0 210 / 2 -- upadezapada gAthA 11, pR0 23 /

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280 ke samaya sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| donoM hI eka-dUsare ko AtmasamarpaNa kara dete haiM / yaha prema vivAha meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra sanatkumAra aura vilAsavatI ke prema kA Arambha bhI hotA hai| ye donoM premI-premikA aneka prakAra ke kaSTa sahana karane ke uparAnta milate haiM / inake milana aura vichur3ana vyApAra bhI pRthaka-pRthaka kathAnaka rUr3hi ko prApta hote haiN| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA kathAkAra ne kathA meM vibhinna prakAra kI mor3eM utpanna kI haiN| (2) ghor3a e kA mArga bhUlakara kisI vicitra sthAna meM pahuMcanA / isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| ghor3A nAyaka ko bhagAkara nirjana bhUmi meM kisI priyA se milAtA hai athavA kisI tyAgI - vratI muni se / haribhadra kI kathAoM meM donoM hI prakAra se isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| muni yA sAdhu se milAne para nAyaka apane vigata zubhAzubha ko jAnakara vrata dhAraNa karatA hai / samarAiccakahA kI prAyaH sabhI kathAoM meM ukta prakAra ke kathA abhiprAya kA prayoga kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai / (3) nAyikA ke anukUla na banane para nAyaka dvArA usakI hatyA kA prayAsa / rudradeva somA ko dharmArAdhikA aura viSayoM se virakta jAnakara bhItara-hI-bhItara bahuta ruSTa huaa| vaha socane lagA ki jabataka yaha dharma kA tyAga nahIM karegI, sAMsArika viSayoM ke sevana karane meM utsAhita nahIM hogii| ataH pahale usane somA ko dharma chor3a dena e ke lie samajhAyA aura jaba na mAnI to sarpa dvArA DaMsavA kara use mAra DAlanA caahaa| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA kathA meM camatkAra utpanna kiyA gayA hai / (4) abhISTa siddhi ke lie nAyikA kA nAyaka ke prati kruddha honA satyAgraha karanA, haTha karanA aura rUThakara kopa bhavanoM meM zayana karanA yaha nArI kA svabhAva hai / jaba vaha saralatApUrvaka kisI kArya ko nahIM kara pAtI hai, to haTha yA jidda dvArA pUrA karatI hai / kathAkAroM ke lie yaha eka kathAnaka rUr3hi bana gayI hai / haribhadra ne isa rUr3hi kA prayoga dvitIya bhava kI kathA meM kiyA hai / jAlinI apane pati se jidda karate hue kahatI hai ki isa zikhikumAra ko ghara se na nikAloge to maiM jala bhI grahaNa na kruuNgii| apane prANa yoM hI tyAga duuNgii| vaha durAgraha dvArA apane pati brahmadatta ko zikhikumAra ke tyAga kara dene ke lie lAcAra kara detI hai / apane pitA kI isa durgati ko dekhakara zikhikumAra svayaM ghara se calA jAtA hai / kathA ko abhISTa dizA meM le jAne ke lie hI isa abhiprAya kA prayoga kiyA hai / (5) pUrva snehAnurAgavaza nAyikA kI prApti aura vipatti prema kSetra bahuta vistRta hai| nArI pUrva snehAnurAga ke kAraNa jise cAhatI hai, usIko prApta karane kA prayAsa karatI hai / vaha prApta bhI ho jAtA hai / para kathAsUtra meM yahA~ ekAdha gAMTha aisI laga jAtI hai, jisase punaH viyoga aura vichoha kA avasara AtA hU~ / nAyaka mitra yA anya sahayogiyoM kI sahAyatA lekara kArya saMlagna ho jAtA hai aura

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281 nAyikA ko punaH prApta karatA hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra ne zrAvastI ke gandharvadatta kA vivAha indradatta nAmaka zreSTha kI putrI vAsavadattA ke sAtha anurAgavaza karAyA hU~ / vivAha ke uparAnta kathAsUtra jaise hI lakSya kI ora bar3hatA hai ki nRpati kupita hokara vAsavadattA kA haraNa kara letA hai / kathAsUtra ulajha jAtA hai / nAyikA vichoha ko sahana karane meM asamartha hai / kathAkAra kathAsUtra ko sulajhAne kA punaH prayAsa karatA hai / gandharvadatta rAjA ko upahAra dekara prasanna karatA hai aura kaMThagata prANa vAsavadattA ko prApta kara kathA ko sAMpa kI taraha gati aura phisalana ke sAtha Age bar3hAtA hai / ( 6 ) premAdhikya ke kAraNa viyoga kI sthiti meM AtmahatyA kI viphala caSTA nAyaka yA nAyikA jaba eka-dUsare se bichur3a jAte haiM, to ve premAdhivaya ke kAraNa AtmahatyA karane kI viphala ceSTA karate haiN| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra na samarAiccakahA meM nAyaka ke bichur3ane para nAyikA dvArA aura nAyikA ke bichur3ane para nAyaka dvArA karAyA hai| saptama bhava meM zAMtimatI senakumAra ke na milane para azoka vRkSa kI DAla se laTaka kara AtmahatyA kI ceSTA karatI hai / vaha vana devatA ko sambodhana karatI huI kahatI hai-- "vana devatA ! maiMne Aryaputra ke atirikta anya kisI kA mana se bhI cintana nahIM kiyA hai, ataH Aryaputra mujhe agale bhava meM bhI pati ke rUpa meM prApta hoM / isa prakAra kahakara vaha phAMsI lagAtI haiM, para gAMTha khula jAne se vaha gira jAtI hai| aura mUrchita ho jAtI hai| paMcama bhava kI kathA meM sanatkumAra vilAsavatI ke vichoha se ghabar3Akara AtmahatyA karanA cAhatA hai, para vidyAdhara ke sahayoga se vaha apane saMkalpa se virata ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra haribhadra ne isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA nimna kathAtattvoM kI siddhi kI hai| --- ( 1 ) Antarika vicAra dhArAoM ko yathAtathya rUpa denA / (2) bhAvoM ko AtmaniSTha na banAkara saMpreSaNIya banAnA / ( 3 ) kathA ko nayI dizA kI ora mor3anA / ( 4 ) ghaTanAoM ko sakriya aura sajIva banAnA / (5) kathA meM gati dharma kI tIvratA / ( 7 ) anya ke dvArA priyA kA prasAdana karate dekha priyA kA smaraNa aura prabhAva / manuSya kI kucha bhAvanAe~ anya vyaktiyoM ko kArya karate dekhakara ubuddha hotI haiM / jaba koI apanI priyA ke pAsa ekAnta meM premasaMlApa karatA hai yA rUThI huI mAninI nAyikA kA prasAdana karatA hai, to dekhane vAle vyakti ko priyA kA smaraNa ho AnA svAbhAvika hai / yaha smaraNa kathAnaka rUr3hi bana gayA hai| haribhadra ne isakA prayoga chaThaveM bhava kI kathA meM kiyA hai / revila ko nAgalatA maNDapa meM apanI kupita priyA ko prasanna karate dekha dharaNa ko lakSmI kA smaraNa ho AtA hai aura usake nindya kAryoM kA cintana kara usase aura adhika virakti ho jAtI hai /

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282 ( 8 ) sundarI nAyikA kI prApti meM bAdhaka dharma kA parivartana prAkRta kathAoM kI yaha sarvamAnya aura pracalita rUr3hi hai / isakA prayoga purANa aura kathA koSoM meM aneka sthaloM para milatA hai / nAyaka kisI sundarI ko dekhakara mugdha ho jAtA hai, , vaha usake sAtha vivAha karanA cAhatA hai / jaba yAcanA ke lie sundarI ke pitA ke pAsa jAtA hai to pitA yaha kahakara inkAra kara detA hai ki meM vidharmI ko kanyA nahIM dUMgA / phalataH nAyaka apanI kula paramparA se cale Aye dharma ko chor3a nAyikA ke dharma ko dhAraNa kara letA hai / haribhadra ne isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA vyavahAra apanI eka laghukathA meM kiyA hai| eka bauddhadharmAvalambI zrAvaka putra jinadatta kI sundarI kanyA subhadrA ke sAtha vivAha karanA cAhatA hai, para jinadatta vidharmI ko kanyA nahIM denA cAhatA hai / phalataH vaha bauddhadharma chor3a jainadharma dhAraNa kara letA hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA kathA ko camatkRta kiyA gayA hai tathA yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi samasta kathA kA AdhAra bhI bana gayI hai / ( 9 ) kalpapAdapa yA priyamelaka vRkSa premI-premikAoM kA jo milana tIrtha hotA hai, usakA kathAoM yA kAvyoM kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattva hai / haribhadra ne isa tIrtha ko smaraNIya banAne ke lie ukta kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga kiyA hai| senakumAra aura zAMtimatI kA viyoga samApta hokara ve ajJAta nAma vAle vRkSa ke nikaTa milate haiM / dIrghakAlIna viyoga ke pazcAt premI-premikA kA yaha milana aura unakA vaha milanasthala donoM hI cirasmaraNIya haiN| ataH ve usa ajJAta vRkSa ko kalpapAdapa yA priyamelaka mAnakara usakI pUjA karate haiN| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA haribhadra ne kathA ko eka nayI dizA kI ora mor3A hai| kathA ko vivAda ke mArga se haTAkara prasannatA ke mArga para gatizIla kiyA haiM / (10) nAyaka ko dhokhA dekara nAyikA kA anya premI ke sAtha avaidha sambandha isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA vyavahAra adhikAMza prAcIna kathAoM meM huA hai / nAyikA kisI kAraNavaza nAyaka se ghRNA karatI haiM aura anya vyakti se prema karane lagatI hai / vaha apane prema ko sthAyI banAne ke lie nAyaka kI hatyA bhI kara detI hai / isa prakAra kathA kA dharAtala dUsarI ora ko mur3a jAtA hai aura kathA dizA badala kara dUsarI ora calane lagatI hai / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM kaI sthAnoM para isa kathArUr3hi kA prayoga kiyA hai| nayanAvalI surendradatta rAjA ko apanI cATukAritA dvArA vizvAsa dilAtI hai aura kubjaka ke prema meM aMdhI hokara usa rAjA kI hatyA kara detI hai / dhanazrI aura lakSmI bhI isI koTi kI nAyikA haiN| apane patiyoM ko kaSTa dekara anya premiyoM se prema karatI haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa kathA meM tanAva utpanna hotA hai aura kathA Age bar3hatI hai / (11) strI kA prema nivedana aura icchA pUrNa na hone para SaDyaMtra paurANika kathAoM meM isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga pracuratA se huA hai| haribhadra ke pAtroM meM anaMgavatI ne sanatkumAra ke samakSa isa prakAra kA kutsita prema prastAva rakhA hai| sanatkumAra ne jJAna kA aura sanmArga kA upadeza dekara use zAMta kiyA hai, kiMtu pIche 1 --- jiNadattassa susAvagassa subhaddA nAmadhUyA da0hA0, pR0 93 / 2 -- tUNameso ra so piyamelao, kahamannahA evameyaM havai -- sa0, pR0 688 /

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283 usane jAla racakara sanatkumAra para balAtkAra kA abhiyoga lagAyA hai| mahArAja IzAnacandra ko anaMgavatI kI bAtoM para vizvAsa ho jAtA hai aura ve vinayandhara ko bulAkara sanatkumAra kI hatyA kara dene kA Adeza dete haiN| isa prakAra isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ne kathAnaka kI gatividhi ko nizcita dizA meM mor3A hai| 7--kavi kalpita kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM kathAsAhitya meM lekhaka kucha aise sAdhAraNa abhiprAya--mAinara moTinsa kA prayoga karatA hai, jo kalAkAra ko apanI kalpanA kI upaja pratIta hote haiN| kuzala kathAkAra kalpanA kA Azraya lekara kucha maulika udbhAvanAeM karatA hai, jinakI upayogitA kathArasa ke sRjana ke lie hotI hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki ye sAdhAraNa abhiprAya bhI paramparA se hI prApta hote haiN| navIna abhiprAyoM kA prayoga to kama hI ho pAtA hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM nimnAMkita isa zreNI kI kathAnaka rur3hiyAM upalabdha hotI hai:-- (1) siMhala dvIpa kI yAtrA aura vipatti--zrAvastI ke nareza kI kanyA siMhala dvIpa kI yAtrA karatI hai, yAna bhaMga hone se vipatti, pR0 399 / / (2) ujAr3a nagara kI prApti--yAna bhaMga hone para taTavartI ujAr3a nagara meM dhana phuNcaa| (3) jalayAna kA bhaMga honA aura kASThaphalaka kI prApti dvArA prANarakSA, sa0 pR0 253, 404, 408, 426, 446, 540 / (4) citradarzana yA guNa zravaNa dvArA AkarSaNa--guNacandra ratnavatI ke citra ko dekhakara AkarSita hotA hai| (5) nagara ke strI-puruSoM ke sAmAnya varNana, 9, 75, 162, 234 / (6) rAjasabhA meM AzcaryotpAdaka vastu ke sambandha meM prazna 1/45 / (7) zaradotsava, vasantotsava kI taiyAriyAM aura inameM nAyaka-nAyikA kA darzana, 278-79 / (8) viparIta pariNAma--pratinAyaka nAyaka ko mAranA cAhatA hai, para svayaM mara jAtA hai| (9) jaMgalI hAthI kA anudhAvana aura abhISTa kI prApti--hAthI se rakSA karane __ ke lie dhanadeva bar3a ke vRkSa para car3hatA hai aura vahAM ratnAvalI pAtA hai| (10) yAtrA ke samaya vicitra dRzya aura virakti--ajagara kurara ko, kurara sAMpa ___ko aura sAMpa mer3haka ko bhakSaNa kara rahA thA, isa dRzya se virkti| (11) saMyoga aura bhAgya kI yojanA--dhanadeva ko marane ke lie samudra meM DAlA, para khAre jala dvArA vyAdhi kA nivAraNa, pR0 253 / (12) virodhI zatru ko kAryasiddhi ke lie mitra bananA--jAlinI, zikhi kumAra __ ko mitra banAkara hatyA karatI hai| (13) akasmAt upakArI kI prApti--kApAlika ke veza meM mahezvaradatta kA miln| (14) citrapaTa dvArA varAnveSaNa, pR0 743 / (15) rahasyodghATana--arjuna ke marane kA rahasya bAraha varSa ke bAda purandara dvArA udghATita, susaMgatA kA rUpa dhAraNa karane vAlI vyantarI kA vItarAgI kI pratimA ke ullaMghana dvArA udghaattit|

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284 8--zarIra vaijJAnika abhiprAya kucha kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM aisI haiM, jinake zarIra vaijJAnika tathya hai--jaise garbhiNI kI dohada kaamnaa| yaha eka vaijJAnika aura anubhavasiddha tathya hai ki gabhiNI strI ke mana meM asAmayika vastaoM ke khAne kI icchA utpanna hotI hai, usake zarIra meM kucha tasvA kI kamI rahatI hai, jinakI pUtti ke lie usake mana meM vividha asvAbhAvika vastuoM ko khAne kI icchA utpanna hotI hai| gabhiNI strI kA Adara adhika kiyA jAtA hai, isalie usakI samasta kAmanAoM kI pUtti kI jAtI hai| isI vaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para haribhadra ne apanI prAkRta kathAoM meM nimnAMkita isa zreNI kI rUr3hiyoM ko sthAna diyA (1) dohada--yaha atyanta priya kathAnaka rUr3hi hai| haribhadra ne isakA pracura mAtrA meM vyavahAra kiyA hai| dvitIya bhava kI kathA meM zrIkAntA ko abhayadAna, tIrthATana Adi kA dohada utpanna hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| tRtIya bhava kI kathA meM jAlinI ko samasta prANiyoM ko Anandita karane, devAyatanoM kI pUjA karane evaM dharma saMlagna tapasviyoM kI paricaryA karane kA dohada utpanna hotA hai| dvitIya bhava kI kathA meM kusumAvalI ko apane pati siMhakumAra kI AMteM bhakSaNa karane kA dohada utpanna hotA hai| isa dohada kI rUr3hi dvArA kathAnaka ko camatkRta karane ke sAtha kathA meM gatizIlatA bhI utpanna kI gayI hai| (2) zArIrika lakSaNoM dvArA bhaviSya nirUpaNa--jaba nAyikA apane priya ke kisI kaThinAI meM par3a jAne ke kAraNa ghabar3A jAtI hai, usa samaya koI AcAryA usake zArIrika lakSaNoM ke nirUpaNa dvArA use dhairya baMdhAtI hai aura kahatI hai ki tumhAre aMgoM ko yaha AkRti hI tumhAre avaidhavya kI sUcanA detI hai| AThaveM bhava meM ratnavatI ko susaMgatA gaNinI usake svara evaM zArIrika lakSaNoM dvArA dhairya detI huI usake svarNa bhaviSya kI sUcanA detI hai| (3) putra-prApti ke lie varadAna kI kAmanA--zrIdevI ne varadAna prApta kiyaa| (4) kisI avasara vizeSa para zirovedanA--yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi bahuta priya hai| haribhadra ne guNasena kI zirovedanA dvArA agnizarmA kI pAraNA meM vighna dikhalAyA hai / yaha kathA ko gati pradAna karatI hai| (5) bhayaMkara vyAdhi ko dUra karane ke lie adRzya sahAyatA kI prApti--arhadatta ko bhayaMkara vyAdhi utpanna ho jAtI hai, usake zamana kA upAya vaidyoM ke pAsa nhiiN| ataH adRzya zakti Akara sahAyatA karatI hai| yaha kathAnaka rUr3hi rukatI huI kathA ko Age bar3hAtI hai| 9--sAmAjika paramparA, rIti-rivAja aura paristhitiyoM kI dyotaka ruuddh'iyaaN| samasta kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM se utpanna hotI haiN| kathA meM camatkAra evaM anya guNadharma utpanna karane ke sAtha ye apane samaya kI sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika sthiti para pUrA prakAza DAlatI haiN| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM isa zreNI kI nimna kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM upalabdha hai:-- (1) mAnava balidAna--haribhadra ne batalAyA hai ki kAlasena devI ko prasanna karane ke lie mAnavabali dene kA prabandha karatA hai| usake anucara manuSyoM ko pakar3a kara lAte

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285 haiM / ina vyaktiyoM meM dharaNa bhI eka hai / manorathadatta kI bali karate samaya vaha ghabar3A jAtA hai, ataH dharaNa usase yAcanA karatA hai ki Apa ise chor3a dIjie aura isake badale meM merA balidAna kIjie / kAlasena tatkAla apane upakArI ko pahacAna letA hai aura vaha dharaNa kI sahAyatA karatA hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi dvArA tIna bAteM siddha hotI haiM: P (1) balidAna kI prathA kA virodha / ( 2 ) nAyaka kA caritrotkarSa / (3) parahitArtha svayaM kaSTa sahana karanA / ( 2 ) parahitArtha svayaM kaSTa sahana karanA -- isa rUr3hi kA prayoga pAMcaveM aura chaThaveM bhavoM kI kathAoM meM huA hai / jayakumAra vijaya ko sukha dene ke lie svayaM aneka kaSTa sahana karatA hai / isI prakAra dharaNa svayaM karor3oM prakAra kI vipattiyAM sahakara apanI dhokhebAja patnI kI prANarakSA ke lie mAMsa, rakta taka kA dAna kara detA hai / ( 3 ) svAmibhakta sevaka, snehI mitra aura pratyupakArI kI yojanA -- isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA vyavahAra, haribhadra ne prAyaH pratyeka bhava kI kathA meM kiyA hai / sanatkumAra kA vibhAvasumitra dvitIya prANa thA / kAlasena aura maurya cANDAla jaise kRtajJa vyakti bhI kathA ko paryApta gatizIla banAte haiM / (4) sAMketika bhASA - - isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra ne eka laghu kathA meM kiyA hai| kathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka dhanika kI bahU nadI meM snAna karane ke lie gayI, use dekhakara eka yuvaka bolA--" nAnA taraMgoM se suzobhita yahAM nadI vRkSoM sahita namaskAra karatI hai / " strI ne uttara diyA--"nadI kA kalyANa ho / " isa prakAra "sAMketika bhASA ke prayoga dvArA kathA ko gatizIla banAyA hai / (5) kulaTAoM kI aneka pravaMcanAe~--isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra kI aneka laghukathAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| eka kathA meM batAyA hai ki eka vaNik kI bhAryA kisI anya vyakti se prema karane lagI / ataH usane apane pati ko gAr3I meM UMTa ke leMr3A bharakara becane bheja diyaa| ujjayinI meM pahuMcane para mUladeva kI cAlAkI se usane una ler3oM ko becA aura patnI ke caritra se avagata ho, use sudhaaraa| haribhadra ne "nArI buddhi kauzala ", zIrSaka kathA meM dhanika aura rAja parivAra kI kulaTAoM kA kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai / (6) gaNikA dvArA daridra nAyaka ko svIkAra karanA aura apanI mAtA kA tiraskAra - haribhadra kI eka kathA meM AyA hai ki prasiddha gaNika devadattA ne dhanika acala kA tyAga kara apanI mAM kI avahelanA kara mUladeva ko apanAyA / (7) zaraNAgata kI rakSA -- yaha haribhadra kI atyadhika priya kathAnaka rUr3hi hai / samarAiccakahA meM isakA kaI sthaloM para prayoga AyA hai| maurya cANDAla ko dharaNa zaraNa detA hai, sanatkumAra cora ko zaraNa detA hai tathA sanatkumAra kA pitA vIramadeva ko zaraNa detA hai aura vIramadeva eka cora ko zaraNa dene vAloM ko aneka kaSTa sahana karane par3ate haiM, jinake kAraNa kathA meM gati AtI hai, para zaraNa dene vAle apane praNa para rahate 1 haiM 1- da0hA0, pR0 193 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 3 - - vahI, pR0 114 // 193-94 /

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(4) nidA 286 vipanna nAyaka ke lie akasmAt sahAyaka kI praapti| dharaNa ke kaMThagata-prANa rahane para ratnadvIpa se hemakuMDala AtA hai aura use vyantarI " caMgula se chur3Akara bacAtA hai| 10--AdhyAtmika aura manovaijJAnika rUr3hiyA~ haribhadra eka santa hai| ataH inhoMne apanI prAkRta kathAoM meM AdhyAtmika aura manovijJAna sambandhI aneka rUr3hiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUlAdhAra AtmA kA astitva hai tathA janmAntara aura karmaphala kI anivAryatA meM vizvAsa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| isa varga kI pramukha kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM nimna haiM:-- (1) saMsAra kI kaThinAiyoM se saMtapta nAyaka ko kevalI yA guru kI prApti-- samarAiccakahA ke pratyeka bhava meN| (2) AcArya yA guru se nirveda kA kAraNa puuchnaa| (3) pUrvabhavAvalI kthn| nidAna kA kathana, pR0 54 / kathAkrama meM dharma ke svarUpa aura jJAnaprApti kI jijJAsA--prAyaH sabhI bhavoM kI kathA meN| (6) samyaktva prApti kA kAraNa jAnanA--rAjA arimardana ne avadhijJAnI muni amara gupta se samyaktva prApti kA kAraNa pUchA--uttara meM bhavAvalI kthn| (7) asaMbhava bAta kA kAraNa jAnane kI icchA--nAriyala ke vRkSa kI jar3a parvata se phUTakara nIce kyoM gayI hai ? uttara meM avAntara kathA jAla / (8) vairAgya prApti ke nimittoM kI yojanA--zveta keza, zavadarzana, rogI vyakti kA darzana aura vRddha vyakti kA darzana--vairAgya vRddhi meM sahAyaka hai| haribhadra ne surendadatta rAjA ko "jAva Agao meM paliyacchaleNa dhammadUoM" dvArA virakta kiyA hai| kumAra samarAditya ko anya zeSa tInoM hI nimitta dikhalAI par3e haiN| jisase usakA vairAgya bhAva dRr3ha huA hai| (9) kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke samaya vicitra AzcaryoM kA darzana--samarAiccakahA ke sabhI bhavoM meM jahAM bhI kevalajJAna kI utpatti kA varNana hai, vahAM pathvI caMcala ho jAtI hai, sugandhita vAya calane lagatI hai| paza apanA svAbhAvika vairabhAva bhUla jAte haiM, samasta RtuoM ke phala-puSpa eka sAtha prakaTa ho jAte haiM, pazu-pakSI sabhI pramudita ho jAte hai aura sarvatra Ananda tathA prasannatA kI lahara daur3a jAtI hai| (10) jAtismaraNa--pUrvabhava kA smaraNa hone se pAtra kI jIvana dhArA hI badala jAtI hai| sarvatra isa kathAnaka rUr3hi kA prayoga haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| (11) janma-janmAntaroM kI zRMkhalA tathA eka janma ke zatru kA agale janma meM bhI zatru ke rUpa meM rahanA--samarAiccakahA ke sabhI bhavoM kI kathA meM yaha rUr3hi vyavahRta hai| (12) tapasyA ke samaya meM upasarga aura unakA jItanA--isakA bhI vyavahAra prAyaH sarvatra huA hai| isa prakAra haribhadra ne kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga kara apanI kathAoM ko sarasa, gatizIla, camatkArapUrNa aura prabhAvotpAdaka banAyA hai|

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1 -- -bhASA zailI bhASA manobhAvoM aura vicAroM kA vahana karatI hai aura zailI una manobhAvoM aura vicAroM meM saMgati sthApita karatI haiM / isI kAraNa zrAlocaka bhASA ko phUla aura zailI ko sugandha kI upamA dete haiM / bhASA manobhAvoM aura vicAroM kI abhivyaMjanA karatI hai to zailI una abhivyakta bhAvoM aura vicAroM meM saundarya sthApita karatI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki zailI usa abhivyakti praNAlI kA nAma hai, jisake dvArA koI racanA AkarSaka, mohaka, ramaNIya aura prabhAvotpAdaka banAyI jAya | acchI se acchI bAta bhI anagar3ha zailI meM ramaNIya pratIta nahIM hotI hai / ataH zailI kA kisI bhI kRti meM pratyadhika mahattva hai / 287 saptama prakaraNa bhASA-zailI aura uddezya zailI ke do upAdAna tattva haiM -- " bAhya aura Abhyantara" / dhvani, zabda, vAkya, anuccheda, prakaraNa aura cihna Ate haiM / svacchatA, spaSTatA aura prabhAvotpAdakatA parigaNita hai / --- haribhadra apane vicAroM aura bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane ke liye jisa bhASA zailI ko apanAyA hai, vaha paMDitoM kI apekSA susaMskRta zrotAnoM ke lie haiM / daNDI aura bANa ne rAja sabhA ke lie likhA hai, para haribhadra ne susaMskRta pAThakoM ke lie / gadya meM jaina mahArASTrI meM zaurasenI kA puTa dekara eka nayA saMyoga upasthita kiyA hai / inakI zailI meM zabda aura artha, bhASA aura bhAva kA rucira sAmaMjasya lakSita hotA ha~ / inakI zailI ko subhaga aura manorama vaidarbhI zailI kaha sakate haiN| varNana praNAlI sarala aura prAsAdika hai / bhASA ko alaMkAroM ke zrADambara se citra-vicitra banAne kA prayAsa kahIM nahIM dikhalAyI par3atA / gadya meM apanI vizeSatA hai / inakA gadya na to subandhu ke samAna " pratyakSara zleSamaya" hai aura na bANa ke samAna "sarasasvaravarNapada" se suzobhita hI / vAkya prAyaH choTe-choTe haiM / vAkya vinyAsa meM bhI prayAsa kahIM nahIM haiM / saMkSepa meM inakI zailI meM spaSTatA, rasa kI samyak abhivyakti, zabda vinyAsa kI cArutA tathA kalpanA kI urvaratA pAyI jAtI hai / inakI zailI meM nimna doSoM kA prabhAva hai bAhya ke antargata Abhyantara meM saralatA, (1) anizcita, jaTila aura lambe vAkyoM kA prayoga, (2) vibhinna zabdoM dvArA eka hI bhAva kI punarukti, (3) anAvazyaka aura anucita zabdoM kA prayoga, (4) zabda athavA vAkya meM artha spaSTatA kA prabhAva, (5) zabdADambara, (6) pANDitya pradarzana kI ceSTA, (7) vicAroM kI asambaddhatA / guNoM kI dRSTi se abhivyaMjanA ke ruci, anukrama, svaramadhuratA aura yathArthatA ye cAroM guNa pAye jAte haiM / abhivyaJjanA meM ruci hone para parimArjita bhASA kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai / samarAiccakahA meM zabda aura vAkya nape-tule haiN| jahAM nagara, vana,

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285 sabhA Adi kA varNana prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, vahAM vAkya kucha lambe ho jAte haiM aura jahAM mAtra kathAnaka kA vistAra dikhalAyA jAtA hai, vahAM vAkya choTe rahate haiN| upadeza yA dharmatattva ke nirUpaNa ke samaya bhASA sarala, svaccha aura prabhAvotpAdaka hotI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki varNana ke anusAra parimAjita bhASA kA prayoga haribhadra kI vizeSatA hai| anukrama kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki bhASA meM bodhagamyatA hai| hRdaya aura mastiSka meM Ananda kA udreka karane ke lie bhASA-zailI meM vividhatA kA prayoga karanA svara madhuratA ke antargata AtA hai| ekarasatA kA rahanA eka doSa hai, pAThaka eka hI zailI kA prAsvAdana karate-karate Uba jAtA hai| haribhadra kI zailI ko vividhatA kRti AsvAdana meM ruci utpanna karane ke lie bahuta bar3A guNa hai / racanA meM vicAroM ke anurUpa bhASA kA prayoga karanA yathArthatA guNa kahalAtA hai| ekAdha udAharaNa dekara haribhadra ke ukta gaNoM ko spaSTa kiyA jAyagA / ratnagiri parvata ke ramya nivAsasthAna kA varNana karate hue kahA hai-- pecchanto ya ruiradarimandirAmalamaNibhittisaMkantapaDimAvaloyaNapaNayakuviyapasAyaNasuyadaiyadasaNAhiyakuviyaviyaDDhasahiyaNohasiyamuddhasiddhaMgaNAsaNAhaM, katthai ya payAracaliyavaracamariniyaranIhArAmalacandamaUhanimmaluddAmacamaracavalavikkhe vavIijjamANaM, katthaI ya niyambovaiyaviyaDaghaNagajjiyAyaNNaNubbhantadhuyasaDAjAlanahayalacchaMganimiyakamadariyamayaNAharujiyavarAvUriuddesa, annattha sarasaghaNacandaNavaNucchaMgavivihaparihAsakIlANandiyabhayaMgamihuNaramaNijjaM ti / sa0 pR0 6.548-546 / itivRtta varNana ke avasara para bhASAzailI sarala ho jAtI hai, zabda apanA artha svayaM kahane lagate haiN| yathA-- atthi iheva vijae campAvAsaM nAma nayaraM / tatthAIyasamayammi sudhaNU nAma gAhAvaI hotthA, tassa dhariNi dhaNasirI nAma, tANa ya somAbhihANA ahaM suyA Asi / saMpattajovvaNA ya dinnA tannayaranivAsiNo nandasatthavAhaputtassa rdddevss| karo ya NeNa vivaaho| jahANurUvaM visayasuhamaNuhavAmo tti / sa0 pR0 2104 / jahAM paraspara vArtAlApa kA avasara prAtA hai, vahAM choTe-choTe vAkyoM meM bhASA sazakta ho jAtI hai / saralatA aura svacchatA ke rahane para bhI vAkyoM meM tIkSNatA vartamAna hai / yathA-- eyaM soUNa vimhiyA asoyaadii| cintiyaM ca NehiM / aho vivego kumArassa, aho bhAvaNA, aho bhavavirAmo, aho kynnuyaa| savvahA na Iiso muNijaNasya vi pariNAmo hoi, ki tu puDaM pijaMpamANo dUmei esa amhe tti / cintiUNa jaMpiyaM asoenn| kumAra, mayaM, kitu sabvameva loyamaggAIyaM jaMpiyaM kumaarnn| tA alamimIe aiprmtthcintaae| na praNAsevie loyamagge imIe vi ahigAro tti| sa0 pR0 6873 / haribhadra kI zailI meM sarala aura mizra donoM prakAra ke vAkya milate haiN| sarala vAkyoM meM samAsa kA abhAva hai athavA alpasamAsavAle pada hai| mizrita vAkyoM meM lamba samAsa bhI haiN| vaibhava ke varNana ke samaya vAkya sAmAnyataH lambe aura padArthoM kA sajIva rUpa upasthita karane vAle hote hai| haribhadra dRzyoM ko byorevAra upasthita karate haiN| byoroM ko mUrtarUpa dene aura unakA sAMgopAMga citra khar3A kara dene meM siddhahasta haiN| zrIkAntA devI ne svapna meM siMha kA darzana kiyaa| kavi ne isa siMha kA bhavya rUpa upasthita karate hue likhA hai| siMha kI prAkRti kA pUrA citra sAmane A jAtA hai| ina paMktiyoM ke prAdhAra para sundara rekhAcitra banAyA jA sakatA hai| evama

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286 niddhUmasihi sihAjAlasarisake marasaDAbhArabhAsuro vimalaphaliha - maNisilA nihasa-haMsa hAradhavalA piMgalavaTTasupasantaloyaNo miyaMkale hAsarisaniggayadADho pilamaNaharavacchatthalo praitaNuyamajjhabhAzro suvaTTiyakaThiNakaDiyaDo prAvaliyadIhalagUlo supaiTTizrorusaMThANo ki bahuNA, savvaMgasundarAhirAmo sohakisorago vayaNe NamuyaraM pavisamANo tti| sa0 pR0 276 // nAda sauMdarya kI dRSTi se kavi jahAM yuddha bhUmi yA yuddha kA varNana karatA hai, vahAM kaThora dhvaniyoM kA vyavahAra karatA hai / una dhvaniyoM ke zravaNa se hI raNakSetra kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai / zRMgAra yA kisI madhura dRzya ke varNana meM zabdoM kA prayoga bhI madhura ho jAtA hai / dhvani zravaNa mAtra se dRzya kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / samarAiccakahA meM pratIkoM kA prayoga aura prasaMgagarbhatva kA niyojana bar3e sundara DhaMga se huA hai / zramattika aura atIndriya bhAvoM kA sAkAra citraNa karane meM lekhaka ko paryApta saphalatA prApta huI hai / hAsya aura vyaMga kI pratibhA bhI haribhadra meM haiN| dhUrttAkhyAna kI vyaMgAtmaka zaM ke atirikta samarAiccakahA meM bhI yathAsthAna vyaMga kA prayoga milatA hai / dazavaM kAlika kI TIkA meM uddhRta laghukathAnoM meM kaI kathAeM hAsyarasa pradhAna haiN| hiMguziva 87) kathA meM zrAdyanta vyaMga vyApta haiM / grAmINa gAr3IvAna (da0 hA0 pR0 itanA bar3A laDDU (da0 hA0 pR0 121 ) meM hAsya aura vyaMgya donoM haiM / sarala aura sarasa DhaMga se likhI gayI haiM, jisase pAThaka binA kisI prabhAsa karatA calatA hai / mastiSka para jora nahIM denA par3atA / ya- jahA tumaM khaDuyaM modagaM gagaradAra ThavittA bhaNa esa modago Na NIsarai nagaradAreNa.... ' da0 hA0 pR0 122 / ataH spaSTa hai ki haribhadra kI vyaMga pratibhA janmajAta hai / prAyaH adhikAMza vaNanoM kI upasthApanA vyaMgAtmaka zailI meM kI gayI hai / laghu kathAoM meM bhI komala, lalita aura madhura bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti meM dhvani lAlitya aura zruti - komalatA vidyamAna hai / uddhRta aura ugra bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti ke avasara para projapUrNa dhvaniyoM kA prayoga haribhadra ne saphalatApUrvaka kiyA hai / samarAiccakahA meM zailI ko prabhAvazAlI banAne ke lie zramidhA ke sAtha lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA ke prayoga bhI milate haiM / yahAM kucha lAkSaNika prayogoM kI carcA kI jAtI hai / 0 (da0 hA0 118 ) aura kathAeM itane ke manoraMjana "moyAvaha kAlaghaNTApoeNa mamarajje savvabandhaNANi" (sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 31-32) meM bandhana pada lAkSaNika haiN| yahAM lakSaNA dvArA kArAgRha baddha bandIjano ko mukta karane kA Adeza diyA gayA hai / " mahagdhaguNarayaNabhUsiyA" (sa0 tR0 bha0 pR0 170 ) meM guNarayaNa zabda meM lakSaNA hai| yahAM para lakSaNAzakti dvArA guNaratna zabda ratnatraya kA bodhaka hai / " esAvaccai rayaNI vivaNNamuhI" (sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 265) padya meM rAtri kA kezoM se rahita vivarNamakhI hone rUpa mukhyArtha meM bAdhA hai / rAtri kI samApti aura prAtaHkAla ke hone kA artha bodha hotA hai / isa prakAra haribhadra ne apanI bhASA zailI ko prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie lAkSaNika padoM kA prayoga pracura parimANa meM kiyA hai / ataH lakSaNA rA , vyaMjaka padoM kI bhI kamI nahIM haiM / somadeva zarmA dvArA rAjA guNasena ke dharmAtmA kahe jAne para zragnizarmA uttara detA hai- -" ko prazno dhammaparo" ( bha0 pR0 40 ) usase bar3A dharmAtmA kauna ho sakatA hai, jo sAdhunoM ke prANa letA hai| yahAM agnizarmA dvArA guNasena kA dharmAtmA kahA jAnA bahuta bar3A vyaMgya hai| isase dhvanita hotA hai| ki jo sAdhunoM kI hatyA karatA hai yA jo sAdhanoM ke sAtha majAka karatA hai aura unheM kaSTa detA hai, vaha kaise dharmAtmA ho sakatA hai ? 16- 22 eDa0

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260 . para samarAiccakahA meM "meiNitilayabhUyaM" (sa0 dvi0 bha0 pR0 75), "raviturayakhurAgara chinnaghaNapattaM" (sa0 dvi0 bha0 pR0 136), "paDhamAbhibhAsI" (sa0 ta0 bha0 pR0 162), "dArapariggaho hi nAma nirosaho vAhI" (sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 342) evaM "asaMjAyapakkho viya garuDapoyo" (sa0 Sa0 bha0 pR0 500) prabhRti aneka vyaMgyasthala upalabdha hai| ukta vAkyoM yA sandarbho kA artha vyaMjanA zakti ke binA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahAM "meiNitilayabhUya" pada se jayapura nagara ko zreSThatA aura sundaratA vyaMjita hotI hai| medanItilaka zabda lakSaNA zakti dvArA zreSThatA kI sacanA to de sakara sundaratA kI sUcanA dene kI zakti nahIM hai| vyaMjanA zakti ke Ane para hI nagara kI manoramatA aura sundaratA vyakta hotI hai| "turayakhuraggachinnaghaNapattaM" se vaTa vRkSa kI UMcAI aura saghanatA abhivyaMjita hotI hai / vaha vaTa vRkSa itanA unnata aura vizAla thA, jisase sUrya ke ratha meM jote gaye ghor3oM dvArA usake ghane patte chinna-bhinna hote the| vaTa vRkSa kI vizAlatA kI abhivyaMjanA isa vAkya dvArA bahuta sundara ho rahI hai| ___ "paDhamAbhibhAsI" pada se nirahaMkArI aura premila svabhAva hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| isa pada meM ahaMbhAva kI parAkASThA ke prabhAva ko vyaMjita karane kI pUrNa kSamatA hai / jo vinIta aura sabhya hogA, vahI prathama vArtAlApa kara vAlA ho sakatA hai / ahaMkArI vyakti prathama svayaM vArtAlApa nahIM kara sakatA hai, jaba koI bAtacIta karanA zurU karatA hai tabhI vaha apanA vArtAlApa prArambha karatA hai| ataH paDhamAbhibhASI se vaMbhava hone para bhI namna hone kI vyaMjanA prakaTa hotI hai| "dArapariggaho" pada meM vivAha ko nirauSadhi vyAdhi kahanA vyaMjanA dvArA saMsAra bandhana kA kAraNa batalAnA hai| yaha satya hai ki vivAha ke kAraNa purajana-parijana ke prA mamatA jAgrata hotI hai aura yahI mamatA bandhana kA kAraNa hai| vivAhita vyakti hI gahasthI calAne ke lie prArambha, parigraha kA saMcaya karatA hai| ataH saMsAra-tyAga karane meM vaha prabala nimitta ke milane para bhI samartha nahIM ho pAtA hai| prAcArya haribhadra ne ukta sandarbha meM vivAha ko nirauSadhi vyAdhi kahakara use saMsArabandhana kA prabala kAraNa vyakta kiyA hai| __ "prasaMjAyapakkhoM" sandarbha meM asaMbhava kArya ko sampanna karane kI abhivyaMjanA hai| caturthabhava kI kathA ma patnI ti kI hatyA karanA cAhatI hai aura cANDAla ko usapara dayA pAtI hai| yaha bhI eka sundara vyaMgya sthala hai| isI bhava kI kathA meM "paliyacchaleNa dhammadUro " (sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 286) meM zvetakezoM dvArA virakta hone kI sUcanA dI gayI hai| yahAM dharmadUta pada zramaNadharma ke preraka ke rUpa meM prayukta hai| "maraNamaindo" (sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 227) dvArA mRtyu kI anivAryatA abhivyaMjita kI gayI hai| isI prakAra "na esa kammacANDAlo, kintu jAicANDAloM" meM AcaraNa kI mahattA abhivyaMjita hai| padyoM meM alaMkAra rahane se aneka sthAnoM para sundara vyaMjanAeM nihita haiN| prAcArya haribhadra sUri ne vyaMjaka padoM dvArA apanI bhASA-zailI ko nukIlA banAyA hai| pAThaka ke Upara ina padoM kA sthAyI aura sUkSma prabhAva par3atA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra kI bhASAzailI lAkSaNika aura vyaMjaka padoM se paripUrNa hai| ___ yaha satya hai ki haribhadra kI zailI meM vidyut ke samAna apanI ora khIMcane kI zakti vidyamAna hai| cintana kI garimA aura vatula uktiyoM kI bharamAra zailI meM apUrva lAvaNya utpanna karatI / ye jisa prasaMga yA sandarbha ko upasthita karate hai, usakA

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291 pUrNa citrAMkana kara dete haiN| jahAM taka kathA kA prasaMga hai, vahAM taka haribhadra kI zailI meM pUrA pravAha hai / para upadeza yA dharmatattva kA jaba vivecana Arambha karate haiM, usa samaya inakI zailI pAribhASika zabdAvalI se itanI adhika bojhila ho jAtI hai, jisase dharmazAstra ke jJAtA vyaktiyoM kA mana bhI Ubane lagatA hai / jainadharma kA sAMgopAMga mAnacitra samarAiccakahA meM upalabdha hotA hai / avAntara kathAoM meM AcArya upadeza dene lagatA hai aura usI upadeza ke mAdhyama dvArA kathAnaka ko Age bar3hAnA sAdhAraNa pAThaka ke lie avazya durgamya hai / zIla nirUpaNa ke avasara para nIma- drAkSA paddhati dvArA pratinAyaka ke nIca svabhAva aura nAyaka ke unnata svabhAva kA citraNa kara zailI ko bahuta prabhAvaka banAyA hai / isa viparIta paddhatti dvArA saMskAra vigalita hokara manodazA taka pahuMca jAte haiM / pAThaka lekhaka dvArA kahI gayI bAta kA yathArtha anubhava karane lagatA haiM / samarAiccakA meM sarala zailI, gumphitavAkya zailI, ukti pradhAna zailI, alaMkRta zailI aura gUr3ha zailI ina pAMcoM zailiyoM kA prayoga huA hai / eka kriyAvAle vAkyoM ke sAtha aneka kriyAvAle vAkya bhI upalabdha haiM / eka ora lekhaka " paTTAviyaM ca se nAmaM haddacaNDo tti / patto praNegajanasaMtAvagArayaM visapAyavo vva jovvaNaM / asamaMjasaM ca vahariumAraddho / annayA gahi khattamuhe / uvaNIzro rAino samarabhAsurasta / samANatto vajjho / " (sa0 tR0 bha0 pR0 184), jaise eka kriyAvAle sarala vAkyoM kA prayoga karatA hai to dUsarI ora -- "imro ya so satthavAhaputto paDaNasamanantarameva samAsAiya puvvabhinnabohitthaphalago sattarateNa samuttariUNa sAyaraM lavaNajalAsevaNavigayavAhI saMpatto tIrabhAyaM"(sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 253) jaise gumphita vAkya milate haiM / lambe-lambe samAsa vAle dIrghakAya vAkya bhI isI gumphita zailI ke aMtargata zrAte haiM / yaha satya hai ki haribhadra ne isa prakAra kI zailI kA prayoga kama hI sthaloM para kiyA hai / isa zailI kA eka udAharaNa uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai / - harapaDiggahaM ullambiyasura hikusumadAmaniyaraM kaNayamayamahama hentadhUvaghaDiyAulaM pajjaliyaviittadhUmavattinivahaM caDulakalahaMsapArAvayamihuNasohiyaM viraiyakappUravIDayasaNAhatambolapaDalayaM vaTTiyavile vaNapuNNavivihavAyAyaNanimiyamaNivaTTayaM surahi DavAsabhariyamaNoharovaNIurrrrccolaM tappiyavaravAruNI surahikusumasaMpAiyamayaNapUyaM raIe viva saparivArAe nayaNAvalIe samaddhAsiyaM vAsage haMti / sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 262 / alaMkRta zailI ke sandarbhoM meM alaMkAroM kA sahArA lekara bhASA ko sazakta banAyA gayA hai / upamAnoM, rUpakoM aura utprekSAoM ne zailI ko mAtra camatkRta hI nahIM kiyA hai, balki rasAnubhUti yA kathArasa ke AsvAdana meM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| yaha zailI pAThakoM kA manoraMjana karAtI huI gatizIla hotI hai / haribhadra ne anuprAsa aura zrRMkhalA dvArA lalita dhvani lahariyoM ko utpanna kiyA hai / ataH haribhadra kI alaMkRta zailI kI eka vizeSatA varNamAdhurya utpanna karanA bhI hai| isake dvArA kathApravAha bar3I tejI se Age bar3hatA hai aura nIrasa varNana bhI sarasa pratIta hone lagate haiM / yathA " sAyaM rahavirahiyassa kusumacAvassa, iha uvavisau mahANubhAvo " / to so sapariosaM Isi vihasiUNa - " zrAsi ya ahaM ettiyaM kAlaM rahavirahino, na uNa sapayaM" tti bhaNiUNa muvaviThTho / sa0 dvi0 bha0 pR0 80 / yoM to alaMkaraNa zailI mahAkAvyoM kI hotI hai aura alaMkaraNa ke samasta tattva aura guNa mahAkAvyoM meM pramukha rUpa se pAye jAte haiM, para kathA sAhitya meM bhI alaMkaraNa kA prabhAva nahIM / varNanoM ko sajIva aura camatkRta karane ke lie kathAkAra ko alaMkAroM kA vyavahAra karanA par3atA hai / zralaMkAroM ke rahane se bhASA bhI sajIva aura sauMdaryapUrNa ho jAtI hai /

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292 haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM loka vyavahRta rUr3hiyoM, muhAvaroM aura sUktiyoM kA pracura mAtrA meM prayoga kiyA hai| lokoktiyAM aura muhAvare vastutaH lAkSaNika prayoga hai| pAThaka ke kAna unase paricita rahate haiM ataH unake dvArA arthabodha meM pUrI sahAyatA milatI hai| jo bAta sAdhAraNa rIti se sIdhI bhASA meM kahI jAne para nIrasa aura rUkhI jAna par3atI hai, vahI muhAvaredAra bhASA meM camaka uThatI hai| sUktiyAM aura muhAvare bhASA para zAna car3hA dete haiM aura bhASA meM eka nayA jIvana utpanna kara dete haiM para isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki balapUrvaka sUkti aura muhAvaroM kI bharamAra ko jAya / inakA prayoga svAbhAvika rUpa se honA caahie| haribhadra dvArA prayukta kucha sUktiyAM uddhRta kI jAtI haiM - (1) na ya miyaMkabimbAno aMgArabuTThIgro paDanti-sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 20-- candramA se aMgAroM kI varSA nahIM hotI hai| (2) sayaladukkhatarubIyabhUyA amettI-sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 33 zatrutA samasta duHkhoM kA bIja hai| (3) na kuNai paNaINa piyaM jo puriso vippiyaM ca sattUNaM, ki tassa jaNaNijovaNa viuDaNamettaNa jammeNaM-sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 34 / jo hita SiyoM kA priya aura zatruoM kA aniSTa karane meM samartha nahIM hai, usakA janma lekara apanI mAtA ke yauvana ko vikRta karanA nirarthaka (4) vicitra sandhiNo hi purisA havanti-sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 36 / manuSya kA svabhAva vicitra hotA hai, nimitta milane se kabhI bhI parivartita ho sakatA hai| (5) nathi avisao kasAyANaM--sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 36 / kaSAya ke viSayoM ko kahIM bhI kamI nahIM hai / / (6) sayalaparivabIyabhUmo eiyatto vi saMgo-sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 38 / thor3A parigraha bhI samasta paribhava--saMsAra bandhana kA kAraNa hai| (7) na mandapuNNANaM gehesu vasuhArA paDanti--sa0pra0 bha0 pR0 38 puNyahInoM ke ghara meM dhana kI varSA nahIM hotii| (8) ki malakalaMkamukkaM kaNayaM bhuvi sAmalaM hoi--sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 60 / kyA zuddha sonA pRthvI meM rahane se kAlA ho sakatA hai ? (9) sAsayasuhakappAyavekkabIyaM sammattaM--sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0 56 / samyagdarzana mokSa prApti ke lie bIja hai| (10) na kamalAyaraM vajjiya lacchI annatya ahiramaI--sa0 vi0 bha0 pR0 86 / lakSmI kamalAkara ko chor3akara anyatra ramaNa nahIM kara sakatI hai| (11) kusumasAraM jovvaNaM--sa0 ta0 bha0 pR0 214 / yuvAvasthA itra ke samAna (12) tivaggasAhaNamUlaM pratthajAyaM--sa0 ca0 bha0 pR. 240 / dhana hI trivarga sAdhana kA mUla hai| (13) itthiyA hi nAma nivAso dosANaM--sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 253 / vAsanAyukta strI samasta doSoM kI khAna hai| (14) kilesAyAsabahulo gihavAso-sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 255 / ghara meM prAsakta rahanA bahuta kaSTa kA kAraNa hai|

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263 ca0 bha0 pR0 346 | yaha (15) aho mAindajAlasarisayA jIvaloyassa - sa0 saMsAra indrajAla ---jAda ke samAna hai / / (16) pracintA mantasatti-sa0 dvi0 bha0 pR0 132 / mantrazakti pracintya hai / ( 17 ) kiM na saMbhavanti lacchinilayesu "kamalesu kimapro- sa0 ca0 bha0 pu0 268 / kyA sundara kamaloM meM kIr3e nahIM hote ? (18) visaharagayaM va cariyaM vaMkavivakaM mahilayANaM - sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 305 / sarpa kI Ter3hI-mer3hI cAla ke samAna mahilAoM kA carita hotA hai / (16) khayadADho vva bhuyaMgo-- sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 337 / viSadanta rahita sarva / (20) na khalu pravivegamro annaM jovvaNaM - - sa0 ca0 bha0 351 / vivekapUrNa hotI haiM / yuvAvasthA (21) zravajjhA itthiya-- sa0 ca0 bha0 pR0 363 / striyAM avadhya haiM / (22) viralA jANanti guNA viralA jaMpanti laliyakavvAI / sAmannavaNA viralA paradukkha dukkhiyA viralA - sa0 ma0 pa0 pR0 372 / virale vyakti hI guNoM ko jAnate haiM, virale lalita kAvya racate haiM, sanyAsa dhAraNa karanevAle bhI virale hI hote haiM aura virale vyakti hI para duHkha dukhita hote haiM / (23) kaha taMmi nivvarijjaidukhaM kaNDujjueNa hiyaeNa / adAe paDibimbaM va jaMmi dukkhaM na saMkamai / / sa0pa0 bha0 pR0 372 / (24) zravive ijaNabahumayaM kAmAhilAsaM-sa0 pa0 bha0 pR0 386 / (25) divasanisisamA saMjoyaviproyA-saM0 pa0 bha0 pR0 404 / jisa prakAra dina ke pazcAt rAtri aura rAtri ke pazcAt dina kA prAnA anivArya haiM, usI prakAra saMyoga ke pazcAt viyoga aura viyoga ke pazcAt saMyoga kA honA bhI anivArya hai / (26) sumiNasaMpattitullA riddozro, amilANakusumamiva khaNamettaramaNIyaM joThavaNaM, vijuvilasiyaMmiva diTTha naTThAI suhAI, praNiccA piyajaNasamAgama ti / sa0 pa0 bha0 pR0 417 / svapna meM prApta huI sampatti ke samAna Rddhi, tAje puSpa ke samAna kSaNa bhara ramaNIya rahane vAle yauvana, bijalI kI caMcalatA ke samAna kSaNa bhara meM vilIna hone vAlA sukha aura priyajana samAgama anitya hai / (27) natthi TukkaraM mayaNassa - sa0 pa0 bha0 pR0 421 / kAmadeva ke lie kucha bhI duSkara nahIM hai / (28) dujjaNajaNajhi sukayaM prasuhaphalaM hoi sajjaNajaNassa / jaha, bhuyagassa vidinaM khIraM pi visattaNamuve i / sa0 Sa0 bha0 pR0 514 / durjana ke sAtha kiyA gayA upakAra usI prakAra azubha phala detA hai, jisa prakAra sarpa ko dUdha pilAne para bhI viSa hI utpanna hotA hai / (26) prayAlakusumaniggamaNa -- sa0Sa0bha0pU0 515 / vyartha kA kArya /

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294 (30) paDikUlasya vihiNo viyambhiyaM -- sa0 Sa0 bha0 pR0 522 / bhAgya ke pratikUla hone para sabhI vastueM viparIta pariNata ho jAtI haiM / (31) lajjAvaNijjayaM zraNAcikkhaNIyam - - sa0 ba0 bha0 pR0 555 / jisake kahane se lajjA zrAtI ho, use gopya rakhanA cAhie / (32) jalaNo vi dhappai suhaM pavaNo bhuyago ya ke gai naeNa / mahilAmaNo na ghei bahuehi vi nayasahassehi // -- sa0 Sa0 bha0 pR0 554 / agni ko sukhapUrvaka grahaNa kara sakate haiM tathA kisI caturAI se pavana aura sarpa ko bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu sahastroM prakAra kI caturAI karane para bhI strI ke mana ko koI nahIM grahaNa -- vaza kara sakatA hai / ( 33 ) mairA viya mayarAyavaDaNI ce va itthiyA havaiti / -- sa0 Sa0 bha0 pR0 554 / madirA ke samAna madarAga ko bar3hAne vAlI nAriyAM hotI haiM / (34) santaguNavippaNAse prasantado subbhave ya jaM dukkhaM / taM soi samudaM ki puNa hiyayaM maNussANaM // -- sa0 sa0 bha0 pR0 646 // sadguNa ke vinAza aura asad doSa ke udbhAvana meM jo duHkha hotA hai, vaha samadra kA zoSaNa kara sakatA hai, manuSyoM ke hRdaya kI to bAta hI kyA ? ( 35 ) kiM karenti hariNayA ke sarikisorayassa - sa0 sa0 bha0 pR0 656 / siMha zAvaka kA hariNa kyA bigAr3a sakate haiM / ( 36 ) sugejjhANi sajjaNahiyayANi- -- sa0 sa0 bha0 pR0 656 / sajjana hRdaya sugrAhya hote haiM / (37) vivegaucchAhamUlo ya purisayAro -- sa0 sa0 bha0 pR0 675 / vivekapUrvaka utsAha hI puruSArtha hai / (38) suhAhilAsiNA khu the vo vi vajjiyadhvo pamAzro- sa0 sa0 bha0 pR0 722 / sukhAbhilASI ko thor3A bhI pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie / ( 36 ) appamAtra hi nAma, egantiyaM kammavAhizrasahaM - sa0 sa0 bha0 pR0 722 / karmabandhana ko naSTa karane ke lie zrapramAda hI ekAntika rUpa se kAraNa hai / (40) dAnasIlatavabhAvaNAmazro ya visiTThadhammo -- sa0 na0 bha0 pR0 43 / dAna, zIla, tapa aura sadbhAvanA rUpa dharma hotA hai / sUkti vAkyoM kA mahattva sUkti vAkyoM ke prayoga se bhASA meM lAlitya, proja aura pravAha AtA hai / inase bhASA anuprANita hotI haiM aura sahaja meM hRdaya meM sthAna pA jAtI hai / racanA meM camatkAra utpanna karane ke lie sUkti vAkya pratyAvazyaka haiM / bhASAzailI ko madhura, sarala aura caTIlI banAnA sUkti vAkya yA muhAvaroM kA hI kArya hai / sUkti vAkya janatA kI bolacAla kI bhASA se Ate haiM aura ye bhASA ke jIvanta rUpa kI sUcanA dete haiM / kisI bhI bhASA meM usakI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa hI sUkti vAkyoM kA zrIgaNeza hotA hai / ye janasAdhAraNa kI saMpatti hote haiM / sAhityakAra yA lekhaka apanI zailI ko prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie hI ukta prakAra ke vAkyoM kA prayoga karatA hai / anUThI uktiyAM hRdaya para sIdhA prabhAva DAlatI haiM, jisase tathya ko hRdayaMgama karane meM pAThaka ko atyanta suvidhA prApta hotI haiM / ghaTanAkrama,

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265 kAraNa-kArya sambandha, aura kathAnakoM ko tIvra banAne meM ina sUkti vAkyoM kA atulanIya mahatva hai / vicAra aura siddhAntoM kI bar3I se bar3I bAteM sUkti vAkyoM dvArA prabhAvazAlI aura mahanIya ho jAtI haiM / ApasI vArtAlApa yA goSThI vArttAlApoM kA mahatva to mahAvaroM aura sUkti vAkyoM ke dvArA hI prakaTa hotA haiM / kathana yA saMvAda meM prabhAva kA aMkana vartula uktiyoM yA sUktiyoM ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai / haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kI bhASA jaina mahArASTrI hai| isameM "ya" zrati sarvatra vartamAna hai / gadya meM zaurasenI kA prabhAva bhI hai| dezI zabdoM kA prayoga bahulatA se pAyA jAtA hai / yahAM kucha dezI zabdoM kI tAlikA dI jAtI hai / yadyapi ina zabdoM meM kucha zabdoM kI vyutpatti saMskRta se sthApita kI jA sakatA hai, para mUlataH ina zabdoM ko kahA gayA hai| 44 (1) zrannaduvAraM ( adinta- duvAraM ) 262 ( 2 ) DAla (3) aNakkho (4) praNorapAra (5) pratyAi (6) anduyAzro (7) zrappuSNaM (8) ammA (2) yaDaNa (10) avaDa (11) zravayacchai (12) zraDiyattiya (13) ADhatta (14) zrasagalisro (15) prAla (16) AvIla ( 17 ) ikkaNa (18) mukkoTThiyaM (16) ugghAya0 (20) uDDiyA (21) utthariyaM (22) uppaMka (23) uppa haDa (24) upphAla (25) ullukaM (26) uvarihuto (27) uhArA ( 28 ) UmiNiyA zradattadvAra -- binA daravAjA banda kiye balAt 0 0 1 / 16 458 zrapavAda 70 prativistRta 45 sabhAbhavana 647 zrRMkhalA 704 pUrNa de0 1 / 20 81 mAM de0 15 651 kulaTA - - dezI nA0 1 / 18 138 kuMdrA de0 1 / 20 137 phailAnA yA prasArita karanA 656 subhaTa Arabdha 36 491,831 AkrAnta, prAdurbhAva 527 mithyA, asat de0 1 / 73 alaparutro 383 zirobhUSaNa yA mAlA 65 cora de0 180 778 udveSTita 530 715 576 531 638 udbhaTa de0 11116 samUha de0 1 / 126 vastravizeSa uThA huA samUha rAzi de0 1 / 130 785 sUcaka de0 1 / 60 durjana stabdha de0 162 truTita 320 562 urdhvAbhimukha 323 jantuvizeSa 64 proMchitA--poMchanA

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296 1) zrAlagA .. (29) proUla (30) protthaya (31) proyallo .. (32) prolagA (33) olAva .. (34) provariya .. (35) prosakkaNa .. (36) aoharaNa (37) prohAmiyaM .. (38) kaMkalli .. (39) kaMsAra .. (40) kakkolaya .. (41) kakkhaDa .. (42) kaccoliya .. (43) kaDhiNa .. (44) kanda (45) karaNilla (46) kalamala (47) kallaM (48) kallola (46) kasavva .. (50) kuTTaNa .. (51) kuDu .. (52) kuNima (53) kola (54) kosalliya .. (55) khaurA .. (56) khasaraM .. (57) khelai .. (58) kheDDiyA (56) gaddambhA .. (60) guluguliya .. (61) guvila .. EE tAgA-motiyoM ke hAra kA, pAi0 l0606| 66 vistIrNa de0 13151 627 paryasta de0 11165 778 sevA, bhakti de0 11164 260 zyana-pakSivizeSa de0 11160 594 rAzikRta 79 apasaraNa yA haTanA de0 11144 776 zastra de0 11174 vini pAtana 742 laghukRta pAi0 la0 536 531 azoka de0 2012 226 kAsAra, kasAra 88 phalavizeSa 56 kaThora de0 2111 100 thAlI, pAtravizeSa 16 tRNavizeSa, pAi0 la. 128, kaThina / 4 dRr3ha de0 2151 376 sadRza . 154 durgandhita peTa kA mala 43 kala, pAi0 la0 637 524 zatru de02|2 531 vyApta de0 2153 154 kUTanA 780 kutahala 182 zava, mAMsa 174 zUkara de0 2145 grIvA 308,763 upahAra de0 2012 705 kaluSita 584 khujalI 55 khelanA 561 dvArikA, vArI 511 kaThoradhvani de0 2182 446,648 hAthI ko garjanA 661 gahna

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(62) guMTho (63) gosa (64) ghappai (65) ghoDa (66) ghoDi (67) cakkaliya (68) caDagara (69) caDayara ( 70 ) camaDharaNa (71) cariyA ( 72 ) civaDa (73) cuDulI (74) cullabappo (75) chajjiyA (76) chikko (77) chittara ( 78 ) choDAviya (76) choDUNa (80) jambolakalamalano (81) jamAhAkaDaM ( 82 ) joei ( 83 ) zosiya (84) Dakka (85) Dombaliya (86) DhaggaDhaggAe (87) DhakkA ( da ) Dhiviya ( 8 ) NavajjA gavaraM ( 20 ) (11) gujjiyaM ( 12 ) Nuvanno (3) taDakaDio (14) taliyA (65) tittaM :: 267 553 duSTa prazva de0 2 / 61 46 prAtaH de0 266 152 graha karanA 54 ghor3A 310 badarIphala 704 vatrIkRta 443 samUha zrADambara 336,472,683 703 mardana 354 pauruSI 10 cipaTI 264 ulkA de0 3 / 15 706 cAcA 407 puSpapAtra 325 sparza de0 3 / 36 10,260 chItara, purAnA TUTA sUpa 114 char3AyA 106 chor3akara 587 durgandhi 230 zrardhIkRtama 114 dekhanA 156 tyakta yA dhvasta 54 dazana dAMta se kATanA 46 348 Doma " 312 ghuTa ghuTa kI dhvani 306 pravRttA 621 upasthita 484 namasyA 10 kevalaM de0 4 / 22 714 mudrita 405 zayitaH de0 4 / 25 718 tar3aphar3AnA, vyAkula honA de0 56 80 taztarI 404 zrArdra, pAi0 la0 531

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(16) tuDiya (67) thANAI 0 (68) thiulliyA (EE) theva (100) dususallaya (101) doghaTTha (102) ghaNiyaM 0 (103) dhAhAviyaM (104) dhoulliyA ( 105) naMgarA (106) naDia (107) nijjUhago (108) niyanto ( 106) niyaMtraNa (110) nevattho ( 111) paisai (112) paccoNi ( 113) paMjohAra (114) payAma ( 115) pallaNai ( 116) palloTTa ( 117) pavvAyaM ( 118) pado 116) pAula (120 ) pANa (121) puNNavatta (122) poTTa (123) potaM ( 124) poMgilla (125) phasaliyANi (126) phuMphuma (127) pheDai (128) phellusiUNa.. 298 100 hAtha kA prAbhUSaNa 511 rakSA 168 strI puttalikA, gur3iyA 43 thor3A de0 5 / 26 6 668 kaNThAbharaNa hAthI, pAi0 la0 6 11,104,317 gAr3ha adhika de0 5 / 58 450 cItkAra 600 puttalikA putalI, mUrti 247 laMgara 378 vyAkulita de0 4 / 18 126 gorava yA gavAkSa 136 gacchan 85 vastra 75 vastra, pAi0 la0 751 426 komala 367,472,564 sammukha de0 6 / 24 774 dhAnyAdipradeza 376 anupUrva de0 6 6 27 taiyAra karanA yA car3hanA, pala 705 paryasta 306 mlAna 624 pravRtta 766 yAcaka 523 32 zrAnanda se cANDAla de0 638 6 / 53 154 peTa de0 6 / 60 32 vastra 220 474 paripakva tavastra de0 anuraMjita yA zrRMgAra de0 683 216 kUr3e karakaTa kI Aga de0 6 / 84 67 alaga karanA 432 sRtvA de0 686 patana

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( 129) bailla ( 130) bambariya (131) bahurAvA ( 132) boguvAriya (133) bondi (134) bhasala (135) mIsaNadara (136) maivvaNA (137) maha ( 138) maNDalA (136) maDaMba (140) mahai ( 141) mAuliMga ( mAtuliMga) ( 142) ruNTanta (143) roDa (144) laDaha ( 145) laddaNa (146) lugga (147) leTTha ( 148) vacchIta ( 149) vaDhayaM ( 150 ) vaDiyA ( 151 ) vatta ( 152) vandaNayAla ( 153) vayAlaM ( 154) vAra ( 1955) vArijja yA . . vArejja (156) vAsUyA ( 157) vAhayAlI ( vAhyAlI) ( 158) viuDaNa ( 156 ) vigiMcaNaya (160) vicchaDDI (161) vicchaDDa (162) vijjha : 296 260 baila de0 661 374 ceTI 703 zrRMgAlI de0 6461 291 vibhUSita 72 zarIra de0 666 220 bhramara pAi0 la0 11 260 ISat 116 kSetrapAla 10, 22 464 laghu yA choTA de0 6 / 117 kAka yA zvAna de0 6 / 114 gAMva kA bheda 67 136 icchA 106 bIjoru 15,77 ravakaranA pAi0 la0 623 701 anAdara de0 711 gRhapramANam / sundara de0 7 17 lAdanA 606 kRza, bhagna de0 7 / 23 234 656 6 loSTha, DhelA de0 7124 63 nApita de0 7 / 47 464 vATikA 771 uddeza 64 vastra, pAi0 la0 vattha 647 43 530 vandanamAlA kolAhala 516 pAtram 63, 336 vivAha de0 7155 116 hathinI 774 azvakha lanabhUmi 34 vikuTana, naSTa 64 vityajana 733 vaibhava pAi la0 203 306 vistAra de0 7332 137 tor3anA, prahAra karanA

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( 163) viDiyA (164) vitthakka ( 165) vilizro ( 166) visaddhanta (167) vukkariyaM (168) vaNNe (169) veNiyaM 0 (170) vellahala ( 171) vollAha ( 172 ) saMjjati ( 173 ) saMtiya ( 174) saMdAmiyaM (175) saccaha (176) samAjiya ( 177) samAjiya (178) sacarAhaM (179 ) sariyA (180) sAhai (181) sAhAro (182) sukkatada (183 ) surila (184) seDiyA (185) selaga (186) solatago (187) hakkhutta (188) hatyihAra (186 ) handi (160) halabola (191) halahalaca (192) hallaphphalaya (1993) huliya 300 65 aMgUThI 147,566,771 532,617 AkramaNa lajjA de0 7 / 65 703 patana pAi0 la0 810 666 zabditam 656 bhIta de0 764 864 vacanIya de0 7 / 75 861 komala de0 766 210 saloyatraka 748 utkSipta, utpATita, pAi0 la0 143 / 775 yuddha 158 hanta, pAi0 la0 965 72 AvAja de0 8 / 64 861 kautuka de0 874 733 zIghratA, har3abar3a 136 zIghra de0 85 isa prakAra haribhadra ne sUkti, dezI zabda, lAkSaNika aura vyaMjaka padoM ke prayoga dvArA apanI zailI ko udAtta aura garimApUrNa banAyA hai| apane vicAroM ko prabhAvapUrNa rIti se abhivyakta karanA aura una vicAroM se pAThakoM ko prabhAvita karanA haribhadra kI apanI vizeSatA hai / saMkSepa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki haribhadra kI zailI meM 102 zrazva 772 taiyArI 115 sambandhI 385 baddha 64 samAna, sadRza de0 8 264 myAna se nikalanA 383 bhukta 72,701 ekAeka, zIghra de0 8 / 11 65 mAlA 108 kahanA 517 upakAra yA sahArA 310 agaru 623 zvasura 243 sapheda miTTI 703 bhAlA de0 8 / 57

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aucitya aura samRddhi ye donoM guNa vartamAna hai| viSaya ko saralatA aura spaSTatA ke sAtha abhiTha kta karane meM inakI kalA sakSama hai| prakRtArtha ke paripoSaNa meM prayukta kAraNa-kArya kI zrRMkhalA zailI ko projasvI banAne kA kArya kara rahI hai| chanda vicAra samarAiccakahA meM gadya ke sAtha padya kA bhI prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| isake padyoM meM chandoM ko adhika vividhatA nahIM hai| kevala gAthA, dvipadI aura pramANikA ye tIna prakAra ke hI chanda pAye jAte haiN| gAthA gAthA to prAkRta kA sarvapriya chanda hai| isakA vyavahAra sarvAdhika huA hai| yaha saMskRta kA prAryA chanda hai| isakI paribhASA nimna prakAra batAyI gayI hai :-- paDhamaM bAraha mattA bIe aTThArahehiM sNjuttaa| jaha paDhama taha tInaM dahapaMca vihUsinA gAhA // artha--gAthA ke prathama caraNa meM 12 mAtrAeM hotI haiM, dUsare meM 18 mAtrAeM, tIsare caraNa meM prathama caraNa ke samAna bAraha mAtrAeM aura cauthe caraNa meM pandraha mAtrAeM rahatI samarAiccakahA meM 8-10 padyoM ko chor3a zeSa sabhI padya gAthA chanda meM likhe gaye hai| yahAM udAharaNArtha ekAdha padya uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| pecchanti na saMgakayaM dukkhaM avamANaNaM ca logAyo / doggaipaDaNaM ca tahA vaNavAsI savvahA pannA ||--s0 pra0 bha0 pR0 13 prathama caraNa "pecchanti na saMgakayaM" meM 12 mAtrAeM haiM, dvitIya caraNa "dukkhaM avamANaNaM ca logAyo" meM 18 mAtrAeM haiM, tRtIya caraNaM-doggaipaDaNaM ca tahA" meM 12 mAtrAeM aura caturtha caraNa "vaNavAsI savvahA dhannA" meM 15 mAtrAeM haiN| dvipadI dvipadI chanda kA prayoga samarAiccakahA ke dvitIya bhava meM eka sthAna para pAyA jAtA hai| isa chanda kA lakSaNa nimna prakAra hai :-- prAiga iMdu jattha do paDhamahi dijjai tiNi ghnnhrN'| taha pAivakajuala parisaMThavahu vivihacitta sundaraM // 1--prakRta paMGgalam pR0 52. padya 54 / 2--vahI, pR0 133, padya 152 /

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302 artha--prathama caraNa ke prArambha meM jahAM chaH mAtrA, anantara do catuSkala, isake pazcAt punaH do catuSkala aura anta meM chaH mAtrAeM hoM, vaha dvipadI chanda hotA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki dvipadI chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM 28 mAtrAe~ hotI hai aura yaha do caraNoM kA hI chanda hai| do caraNa rahane ke kAraNa hI isakA nAma dvipadI par3A hai| yathA ahiNavana hanibbharukkaNThiyanirupacchAyavayaNiyA / sarasamuNAlavalayagAsammi vi sai mandAhilAsiyA ||--s0 dvi0 bha0 pR0 86 isa udAharaNa ke prArambha meM "ahiNavane" meM chaH mAtrAeM, "hanibbha" meM cAra mAtrAeM, "rukkaM" meM cAra, "NThiyaniru" meM cAra, "pacchA" meM cAra aura "yavayaNiyA" meM chaH mAtrAeM haiN| samasta caraNa meM kula aTThAisa mAtrAeM haiN| isI prakAra dUsare caraNa ke prArambha meM chaH mAtrAeM, madhya meM pAMca bAra cAra mAtrAeM aura anta meM eka dIrgha hai, isa prakAra kula 28 mAtrAeM haiN| do dvipadI chandoM ke hI prayoga pAye jAte haiN| 1 / pramANikA gAthA aura dvipadI mAtrika chandoM ke alAvA pramANikA vaNika chanda bhI samarAiccakahA meM prayukta hai| isakI paribhASA nimna prakAra batalAyI gayI hai :-- lahu gurU nirantarA pamANivA aTThakkharA / artha--eka laghu ke bAda kramazaH eka-eka guru ho, vaha pATha prakSara kA chanda pramANikA hai| yathA-- pahANakAyasaMgayA suyandhagandhagandhiyA avAyamallamaNDiyA paiNNahAracandimA // lasantahemasuttayA phurantaprAuhappahA // calantakaraNakuNDalAM jalantasIsabhUsaNA // isa prakAra haribhadra ne chandoM ke prayoga dvArA apane padyoM ko manorama banAyA hai| 2 / uddezya * kathA meM uddezya vaha tattva hai, jisakI mUla preraNA se kathA meM kalAtmaka prayatna, hastalAghava aura vidhAnAtmaka kuzalatA kA sanniveza kiyA jAtA hai| yaha samasta kathA kA vaha antima lakSya hai, jisakI prApti ke lie kathAkAra apanI kathA meM vividha prayoga karatA hai / samAja yA vyakti kI nAnA paristhitiyAM, samasyAeM aura una samasyAoM ke samAdhAna Adi kathA ke uddezya banate haiM tathA isI uddezya ke bhAvavindu para kathA kA kathAnaka, caritra aura zailI kI avatAraNA hotI hai| uddezya kI siddhi ke lie kathAkAra kathA ke rUpavidhAna meM nAnA prakAra ke camatkAra, hastalAghava aura parivezoM kA sRjana karatA hai| kathA ke carama uddezya meM kisI khAsa siddhAMta kI sthApanA, mAnavatA aura mAnava malyoM kI vyAkhyA, manuSya ke zAzvata bhAvoM, anubhUtiyoM aura samasyAoM ke samAdhAna nihita rahate hai| yaha satya hai ki kisI vizeSa uddezya ke dharAtala para hI pUrI kathA

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303 pratiSThita hotI hai| aisI kathAeM apane aikAntika prabhAva meM atyanta zaktizAlI aura utkRSTa hotI haiN| inake uddezya vindu meM kaI tattvoM kA sammizraNa rahatA hai| saphala kathAkAra vahI mAnA jAtA hai, jo pratyakSa hokara uddezya ko prakaTa karatA hai, para jo pratyakSa upadeza dene latA hai vaha kathAkAra ke pada se cyuta ho upadezaka kA pada-grahaNa kara letA hai aura usakI kathA pravacana yA vArtA bana jAtI hai| ___kuzala kathAkAra jisa viziSTa uddezya ko lekara calatA hai, vaha jIvana ke antarjagat aura bahirjagat donoM ko sparza karatA hai| ina donoM kSetroM meM vaha dRSTi-saundarya aura hita yA upayogitA kI bhAvanA se prota-prota rahatA hai| zatAbdiyoM meM jo mAnavatA kA itihAsa calA A rahA hai, vaha kevala sthUla jg| ke upakaraNoM se hI nahIM banA, antarjagat kA prabhAva bhI usa para hai| usameM mAtra rUpa hI nahIM hai, hRdaya bhI hai| yadi eka ora anaMga dhana kI bhAMti bAhulatA hai, to dUsarI ora prema kI vidruma sIpI meM mAnavatA kA motI bhI hai| ataeva kathAkAra rAgabhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA ke sAtha kisI vizeSa uddezya ko prakaTa karatA hai| binA uddezya ke kathA kA nirmANa nahIM ho sakatA hai| kathAkAra kalpanA se prasUta mAnava-jIvana ke chipe hue vyApaka satya kI bhavya aura vizAla abhivyaMjanA kisI vizeSa uddezya se hI karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai| jIvana aura jagat kA mArmika citraNa soddezya hI saMbhava hai| isI kAraNa kathA kA antima tattva uddezya mAnA gayA hai| haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA kA uddezya saMsAra ke prati vairAgya bhAvanA ko puSTa karatA hai| isakI kathAeM pahale saMsAra ke bhautika prema se prAraMbha hotI hai aura anta meM saMsAra ke saMgharSoM se usa bhautika prema kI nissAratA prakaTa kI jAtI hai| jIvana kA saMkaTa, yauvana kA avasAna aura svArthI vyaktiyoM kI kapaTa maitrI jhalaka uThatI hai aura premI ke mana meM saMsAra ke mAyA-moha se aisI pratikriyA hotI hai ki vaha vairAgya kI ora jhuka jAtA hai tathA munidIkSA lekara vana meM tapasyA karane calA jAtA hai| samarAiccakahA kA pramukha uddezya to nidAna tattva kA vizleSaNa karanA hI hai| granthakAra ne apane uddezya kI ora saMketa karate hue likhA hai-- savvapuvvakayANaM kammANaM pAvae phalavivAgaM / pravarAhe su guNasu ya nimittamittaM paro hoI ||--s0pr0bh0pR0 2 / 160 manuSya apane pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala ko prApta karatA hai| burAI aura bhalAI kI prApti meM anya vyakti to nimitta mAtra hI hotA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki karma kI dhArA meM par3A vyakti apane pUrvajanma ke kiye gaye karmoM ke phala ko prApta karatA hai| isa karmaphala meM para vyakti to nimitta mAtra hI hotA hai / isa gAthA se niyativAda jaisI jhalaka milatI hai, para haribhadra ne Asrava, bandha Adi tatvoM kI vyAkhyA karate hae karmasiddhAMta ko spaSTa kiyA hai aura karmaphala kI vivecanA anekAntAtmaka dRSTi se kI gayI hai| batAyA hai-- gaNThi tisu dubbhepro kakkhaDaghaNarUDhagUDhagaNThi vva / jIvassa kammajaNio ghaNarAgadosapariNAmo ||--s0 pra0 bha0 pR0 56 jIva ke rAga-dveSa pariNAmoM se utpanna karma kI gAMTha atyanta karkaza aura durbhedya hai| jo prazama saMvega, anukampA aura prAstikya rUpa samyagdarzana ko prApta kara letA hai, vaha guNasthAna prArohaNa dvArA karmoM ko naSTa karatA hai|

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304 karmoM ko naSTa karane tathA zAzvata sukha prApta karane ke liye dharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / yaha dharma mUlataH do prakAra kA hotA hai, gRhasthadharma aura munidharmaM / gRhastha. dharma paMcANuvrata, tIna guNavrata, aura cAra zikSAvrata rUpa bAraha prakAra kA detA hai / munidharma dasa prakAra kA hai / khantI ya maddava- jja -muttI tava saMjama ya bodhavvaM / sacca soyaM zrAciNaM ca bambhaM ca jaidhammo // -- sa0 pra0 bha0 pR0-- 57 kSamA, mArdava, mukti, tapa, saMyama, satya, zauca, AkiMcinya aura brahmacarya rUpa dasa prakAra kA muni yA yatidharma hotA hai / haribhadra ke isa varNana meM tyAga ke liye mukti zabda kA prayoga huA hai / ina donoM prakAra ke dharmoM kA mUla samyaktva hai / samyaktva ke mahatva ke saMbaMdha meM haribhadra ne paryApta prakAza DAlA hai / ise Atmazodhana kA pradhAna kAraNa kahA hai / Atmadharma kI nIMva yaha samyaktva hI hai / mAnava paryAya ko pta kara jisane ise pA liyA, usakA ha, daya itanA pariSkRta ho jAtA hai, jisase mokSapti nizcita ho jAtI hai / pAMca AstikAya, chaH dravya, sAta tattva aura nau padArthoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna karanA samyaktva hai / jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, zrAkAza aura kAla ina chaH dravyoM ke samUha kA nAma loka hai / ye dravya svabhAva siddha, anAdinidhana aura triloka ke kAraNa hai / guNa aura paryAyarUpa se dravya svabhAvataH pariNamanazIla haiN| inameM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye tInoM sthitiyAM eka sAtha pAyI jAtI haiM / dravya meM pariNAma -- paryAya utpanna karane kI jo zakti hai, vaha guNa aura guNa se utpanna avasthA paryAya kahalAtI hai / guNa kAraNa hai aura paryAya kArya / tyeka vya meM zaktirUpa ananta guNa haiM tathA pratyeka guNa kI bhinna-bhinna sthitiyoM meM hone vAlI ananta paryAya haiM / dravya apane svabhAva kA tyAga na karatA huA utpatti, vinAza aura dhIvya yakta rahatA hai / dravya kUTastha nitya yA niranvaya nahIM mAnA gayA hai / cetanA guNa viziSTa jIva haiM / rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza se yukta pudgala hotA / chahoM dravyoM meM pudgala dravya hI mUrtika hai, zeSa pAMca dravya amUtrtika haiM / hamAre nika vyavahAra meM jitane padArtha Ate haiM, ve sabhI pudgala haiM / pudgala dravya ke do bhava haiM / aNu aura skandha / aNu pudgala kA sabase choTA Tukar3A hai, yaha indriyoM ko dvArA grahaNa nahIM hotA, kevala skandha rUpa kArya ko dekhakara isakA anumAna kiyA jAtA Tata adhaka parimANuoM ke saMyoga se utpanna dravya skandha kahA jAtA hai / ke banane aura bigar3ane kI kriyA dravya meM nirantara hotI rahatI hai / gamana karate hue jIva aura pudgaloM ke calane meM sahAyaka dharma dravya hotA hai / Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgaloM ke Thaharane meM sahA 5 adharma dravya hotA hai / jo sabhI dravyoM ko avakAza detA use AkAza kahate haiM / vastuoM kI hAlata badalane meM kAladravya sahAyaka hotA hai / uparyukta chaH dravyoM meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza ye pAMca dravya astikAya haiM / sAta tatvoM meM jIva aura ajIva ye do mukhya tattva haiM, yataH ina donoM ke saMyoga se saMsAra calatA hai / jIva ke sAtha ajIva jar3a paudgalika karmoM kA saMbaMdha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai / jIva kI pratyeka kriyA aura usake pratyeka vicAra kA prabhAva svataH

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305 apane Upara par3ane ke sAtha karmavargaNAoM-- bAhya bhautika padArthoM para jo lokAkAza meM sarvatra vyApta haiM, par3atA hai, jisase karmaparamANu apanI bhAvanAoM ke anusAra khiMca Ate haiM aura AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha ho jAte haiM / pUvabaddha karma ke udaya se rAga-dveSa, moha, Adi vicAra utpanna hote haiM aura inameM Asakti hone se navIna karma bandhate haiM / jo jIva apane puruSArtha dvArA vikAroM ke utpanna hone para Asakta nahIM hotA athavA vikAroM ko utpanna karane vAle karmoM ko udaya meM Ane ke pahale hI naSTa kara detA hai, vaha karmabandhana se chUTatA hai / karmoM ke udaya se vikAroM kA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai, para puruSArthI vyakti una vikAroM ke vaza meM nahIM hotA tathA unheM apanA vibhAvarUpa pariNamana samajhakara pRthaktva kA anubhava karatA hai / tIsarA tastra Asrava haiM / karmoM ke Ane ke dvAra ko Asrava kahate haiN| AtmA meM mana, vacana aura zarIra kI krirA dvArA spandana hotA hai, jisase karma paramANu Ate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM bandha ke kAraNa ko Asrava kahate haiM / mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye Asrava ke bheda haiN| cauthA bandha tatra hai| AtmA aura karmoM ke milane yA viziSTa sambaddha hone ko bandha kahate haiM / bandha jIva aura pudgala ina donoM dravyoM meM hotA hai / pAMcavAM saMvara tatva hai / Asrava kA rokanA saMvara kahalAtA hai / chaThavAM tatra nirjarA hai / karmoM kA eka deza kSaya-thor3A jhar3anA nirjarA hai aura samasta karmoM kA kSaya honA mokSa nAmaka sAtavAM tatra hai / isa prakAra chaH dravya aura sAta tatroM ke yathArtha zraddhAna dvArA samyaktva prApti kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai / isa samyaktva ke tIna bheda haiM- upazama samyaktva - - kaSAya aura vikAroM ke dabA dene para AtmA meM jo nirmalatA utpanna hotI haiM, vaha upazama samyaktva hai / mithyAdRSTi jIva ke darzana mohanIya karma kI eka yA tIna, anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina pAMca yA sAta prakRtiyoM ke upazama se jo tatra zradvAna utpanna hotA hai, use upazama samyaktva kahate haiM / kSAyika samyaktva - - anantAnubandho kI cAra aura darzana mohanIya kI mithyAtra, sampramithyAtva tathA samyaktva ina sAta prakRtiyoM ke sarvathA vinAza se jo nirmala tattrapratIti hotI hai, use kSAyika samyaktva kahate haiM / kSAmopazamika samyaktva -- anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, mithyAtva aura samya mithyAtva ina chaH prakRtiyoM meM se kinhIM ke upazama aura kinhIM ke kSaya se tathA samyaktva prakRti ke udaya se jo Atmaruci utpanna hotI hai, use kSAyopazamika samyaktva kahate haiM / isa prakAra samyagdarzana sahita zrAvaka yA munidharma kA nirdoSarUpa se pAlana karate hue karma-bandhana ko naSTa kara AtmoddhAra meM saMlagna karAnA hI isa dharmakathA kA uddezya hai / saMkSepa meM isake uddezyoM kA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai :-- (ka) nidAna - - sAkAMkSa kama karane kA niSedha | (kha) saMsAra - tyAga / (ga) jaina dharma kI dIkSA -- zrAvaka yA muni ke rUpa meM / (gha) Atma kalyANa kI preraNA / 20 -- 22 eDa0

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(Ga) karmasantati meM par3e rahane para bhI zubha karma karane kI pravRtti / (ca) punarjanma kA vishvaas| / (cha) dAna, zIla, tapa aura sadbhAvanA rUpa lokadharma kA pracAra / dhUrtAkhyAna kA uddezya svastha jIvana kA nirmANa karanA hai| devI-devatAoM aura RSi-muniyoM ke saMbaMdha meM jo asaMbhava aura durghaTa kalpanAeM purANoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| unakA nirAkaraNa kara yathArtha rUpa kI pratiSThA karanA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mithyAtva kA nirAkaraNa kara samyaktva kI sthApanA karanA hai| TIkAoM meM AyI huI laghukathAoM kA mUloddezya udAharaNoM dvArA mUla grantha ke saiddhAntika viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa karanA hai| para to bhI ye kathAeM apanI sImA meM svatantra hai tathA inake dvArA ba hya jagat aura antarjagata ke vibhinna saMbaMdhoM kA spaSTIkaraNa bar3I saralatA se hotA hai| ataH laukika aura AdhyAtmika samasyAoM ko sulajhAnA hI inakA uddezya hai| - haribhadra sUri kI samasta prAkRta kathAeM uddezya kI dRSTi se saphala hai| yadyapi upadeza aura dharmatattva kI pracuratA uddezya ko pratyakSa prastuta kara detI hai, to bhI AkhyAna kA pravAha uddezya kA gopana karatA calatA hai| vAstavika uddezya samasta kathA ke adhyayana ke anantara hI hAtha lagatA hai| ataeva uddezya kI dRSTi se haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAeM bahuta saphala hai|

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307 aSTama prakaraNa haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA kAvyazAstrIya vizleSaNa sAhitya mAnava-saMvedanAoM kA kalAtmaka rUpa meM abhivyakti karaNa hai / isameM bhAvanAoM, aura kalpanAoM kI asIma pRSThabhUmi aMkita rahatI hai / jisa prakAra eka nadI apane pravAha ka anukUla taToM kA nirmANa kara letI hai, usI prakAra sAhitya kI saMvedanA apane abhivyaktikaraNa meM siddhAMtoM kA nirmANa karatI calatI hai / ataH sAhitya kA tAtparya jIvana kI kisI mahatvapUrNa sthiti ke aise prastutIkaraNa se haiM, jisameM usake rAgAtmaka rUpoM kI saphala abhivyaMjanA hotI hai / rAga manuSya kI vaha pravRtti hai, jo mAnava ke rUpa ke sAtha saMcArita hotI hai / yaha rAga pravRtti sva aura para kI donoM bAhuoM se samasta vizva ko apane kor3a meM sameTe hue haiM / vizva kI sampatti ke rUpa meM yaha rAgAtmaka manobhAva sadaiva hI hita-kAmanA se bharapUra hai / ataeva sa hita hone ke kAraNa hI sAhitya kahA jAtA hai / sAhityakAra sAdhAraNa manuSya kI apekSA kucha adhika bhAvuka aura vicArazIla hotA haiM, para vaha apane ko apane taka sImita nahIM rakhanA cAhatA hai / vaha apane hadaya kA rasa dUsaroM taka pahuMcAkara unako bhI apanI taraha prabhAvita karane ko utsuka rahatA hai / isa prakAra kAvya ke do pakSa ho jAte haiM-- pahalA anubhUti pakSa aura dUsarA abhivyakti pakSa / sI ko bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa kahA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki sAhitya meM hama apane bhAvoM, vicAroM, AkAMkSAoM evaM kalpanAoM kA abhivyaMjana karate haiM aura sAtha-hI-sAtha apane saundarya jJAna ke sahAre unheM sundaratama banAne kA prayAsa tathA unameM eka adbhuta AkarSaNa kA AvirbhAva karate haiM / inhIM do mUlatatvoM ke AdhAra para sAhitya ke do pakSa ho jAte haiM, jinheM hama bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa kahate haiM / sAhitya ko donoM pakSoM meM ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai aura donoM ke samucita sahayoga aura sAmaMjasya se hI sAhitya ko sthAyitva prApta hotA hai / sAhitya ke vikAsa ke sAtha ina donoM pakSoM kA bhI vikAsa hotA jAtA hai / hama haribhadra kI prAkRta-kathAoM ke kAvyazAstrIya vizleSaNa ke antargata ukta donoM pakSoM para vicAra kareMge / 1 / kalApakSa jisa prakAra manuSya meM apane bhAvoM tathA vicAroM ko vyakta karane kI svAbhAvika icchA hotI hai usI prakAra una bhAvoM tathA vicAroM ko sundaratama banAne kI abhilASA bhI / yahI abhilASA sAhityakalA ke mUla meM rahatI hai aura usIkI preraNA se sthUla, nIrasa, vizraMkhala vicAroM ko sUkSma, sarasa aura zrRMkhalAbaddha sAhityika svarUpa prApta hotA hai / bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane kA sAdhana bhASA hai aura bhASA ke AdhArabhUta zabda haiM, jo vAkyoM meM piroye jAne para apanI sArthakatA pradarzita karate haiM / ataH zabdoM tathA vAkyoM kA nirantara saMskAra karate rahane tathA upayukta rIti se unakA prayoga karate rahane se hI adhika-se-adhika prabhAvotpAdakatA A sakatI hai / kathA - sAhitya meM kalApakSa ke antargata kathAnaka - gaThana, caritra-niyojana, saMvAda - kauzala Adi gRhIta kiye jAte haiM, kintu ina sabakI vivecanA yathAsthAna kI jA cukI hai / prAcIna kathAkRtiyoM kA lakSya rasAnubhUti karAnA hai, mAtra zIla vaicitrya kA pradarzana nahIM hai / ataH kutUhalavRtti aura bhAvukavRtti ina donoM ko ucita aura santulita asthA meM abhivyakta

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karanA prAcIna kathAkRtiyoM kA lakSya hai| pradhAnataH isa vidyA meM kalApakSa ke antargata kathAMzoM kI bhagimA ko abhivyakta karane vAle alaMkAra, pratIka, bimba prabhati ko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| hama isa pakSa ke antargata nimna viSayoM kA vizleSaNa prastuta kareMge:-- (1) alNkaar-yojnaa| (2) bimb-yojnaa| (3) rUpa-vidhAna--raMga-saMyojana / bhASA zailI bhI kalApakSa kA eka abhinna aMga hai, kintu isakA vicAra svataMtra rUpa se ho cukA hai| ataH uparyukta viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hI yahAM abhISTa hai| (1) alaMkAra-yojanA mAnava kI yaha svAbhAvika pravRtti rahatI hai ki vaha isa prakAra kArya kara, jisase vaha sundara dikhAyI par3e, aura isa taraha bAta kahe tathA sune jisase sunane meM acchI lge| pazu-pakSiyoM meM bhI isa bAta kA ekadama abhAva nahIM hai| mayUrI kA mana lubhAne ke liye mayUra pUMcha phailAkara usake sAmane nAcatA hai| pakSiNI kA citta AkRSTa karane ke liye aneka pakSiyoM kA svara viziSTa ho jAtA hai, jisa prakAra mukuTa, kaiyU ra, hAra prabhRti alaMkAra aMgoM kI zobhA bar3hAte aura dekhane meM netroM ko Ananda dete haiM, usI prakAra vAkyoM ke bhI alaMkAra hote haiN| alaMkArayukta vAkyoM ke sunane yA par3hane se kAna aura mana ko Ananda prApta hotA hai| a ra saMkhyA kA nirdiSTa parimANa aura varNa kA mela rahane se vAkya sunane meM mIThe prIta ote hai, yaha jJAna manaSya ke mana meM bahata pahale utpanna haA hogaa| para mIThe lagane mAtra se vAkya sarvAga sundara nahIM ho pAte, unheM mana meM cubhanA bhI caahie| ataH isa kAya kI pUtti ke liye sAhityakAra zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra kA prayoga karatA hai| sAhitya darpaNa meM alaMkAroM kI sthiti kA vivecana karate hue likhA hai--"kAvyasya zabdAyoM zarIram, rasAdizcAtmA, guNAH zauryAdivat, doSAHkANatvAdivat rItayo vayavasaMsthAnavizeSavat, alaMkArAH kaTakuNDalAdivat" iti / AcArya daNDI ne kAvya-zabdArtha kI zobhA karane vAlA alaMkAra mAnA hai / vAmana ne yaha kArya guNa kA kahA hai aura atizaya zobhA karanevAlA dharma hI alaMkAra batAyA hai| Anandavarddhana ne alaMkAra ko aMga--zabdArtha ke Azrita mAnA hai aura unheM kaTakakuDala Adi ke samAna--zabdArtharUpa zarIra kA zobhAjanaka kArya kahA hai / Anandavarddhana ne alaMkAra lakSaNa meM alaMkAra kA rasa ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha nirdiSTa nahIM kiyaa| yaha kArya mammaTa' aura vizvanAtha ne kiyA hai| inake mata meM alaMkAra zabdArtha kI zobhA dvArA paramparA saMbaMdha se rasa kA prAyaH upakAra karate haiN| apane alaMkAra lakSaNoM meM inhoMne alaMkAra ko zabdArtha kA usa prakAra anitya dharma mAnA hai, jisa prakAra kaTakakuNDala Adi zarIra ke anitya dharma hai| isI prakAra jagannAtha ne bhI alaMkAroM ko kAvya ko AtmA vyaMgya ko ramaNIyatA prayojaka dharma mAnakara dhvanivAdiyoM kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| ataeva kisI bhI kRti meM alaMkAroM kA rahanA Avazyaka-sA hai / / 1--sA0 da0pra0 pa0 pR0 11--caukham prakAzana san 1957 / 2--kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAnalaMkArAn pracakSate, kA0 da0 219 / 3--tadatizayahetavastvalaMkArAH, kA0 da0 3 / 112 / 4-aMgAzritAstvalaMkArAH mantavyAH kaTakAdivata dhva0 2 / 6 / 5-upakurvanti taM santaM ye' ga reNa jAtacit kA0 pra0 8 / 67 / 6-rasAdInupakurvanto 'laMkArAste 'GgadAdivata--sa0 da0 10 / 1 /

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306 haribhadra ne bhAva ko tIvra karane, vyaMjita karane tathA unameM camatkAra lAne ke lie alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai / jisa prakAra kAvya ko cirantana banAne ke liye anubhUti kI gaharAI aura sUkSmatA apekSita hai, usI prakAra anubhUti ko abhivyakta karane ke lie alaMkAroM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / haribhadra kI kavitA kAminI anAr3I rAjakulAMganA ke samAna na to adhika alaMkAroM ke bojha se davI hai aura na grAmyabAlA ke samAna nirAbharaNA hI hai / usameM nAgarika ramaNiyoM ke samAna sundara aura upayukta alaMkAroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / prastuta vastu kA varNana do taraha se kiyA jAtA hai -- eka meM vastu kA yathAtathya varNana -- apanI ora se namaka- mirca milAye binA aura dUsarI meM kalpanA ke prayoga dvArA upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka Adi se alaMkRta karake aMga-pratyaMga ke saundarya kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / kavi kI pratibhA prastuta kI abhivyaMjanA para nirbhara hai / alaMkAra isa dizA meM parama sahAyaka hote haiM / manobhAvoM ko hRdayasparzI banAne ke lie alaMkAroM kI yojanA karanA pratyeka kArya ke liye Avazyaka hai / haribhadra ne prastuta ke prati anubhUti utpanna karAne ke liye jisa aprastuta kI yojanA kI hai, vaha svAbhAvika evaM marmasparzI hai, sAtha hI prastuta kI bhAMti bhAvodreka karane meM sakSama bhI / samarAiccakahA meM aise aneka sthala haiM, jinameM haribhadra ne prasaMga ke mela meM anuraMjaka aprastuta kI yojanA kara AtmAbhivyaMjana meM pUrNa saphalatA prApta kI hai / vastutaH haribhadra kathAkAra hone ke sAtha eka pratibhAzAlI kavi haiM, inhoMne carmacakSuoM se dekhe gaye padArthoM kA anubhava kara kalpanA dvArA eka aisA nayA rUpa diyA hai, jisase bAhaya jagat aura antarjagat kA sundara samanvaya huA hai / inhoMne bAhaya jagata ke padArthoM ko apane antaHkaraNa meM upasthita kara bhAvoM se anuraMjita kiyA hai aura vidhAyaka kalpanA dvArA pratipAdya viSaya kI sundara abhivyaMjanA kI hai / bhAva pravaNatA utpanna karane ke liye rUpayojanA ko alaMkRta aura saMvAre hue padoM dvArA prayukta kiyA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM isIko alaMkAra yojanA kaha sakate haiM / 1 -- zabdAlaMkAra / zabdAlaMkAroM meM zabdoM ko camatkRta karane ke sAtha bhAvoM ko tIvratA pradAna karane ke lie haribhadra ne anuprAsa, yamaka, zrRMkhalA Adi zabdAlaMkAroM kA prayoga bar3I nipuNatA ke sAtha kiyA hai / nimna padya meM anuprAsa aura yamaka ye donoM alaMkAra darzanIya haiM "parama sirivaddhamANaM paNaTThamANaM visuddhavaranANaM / gayajoaM joiMsa sayaMbhuvaM vaddhamANaM ca / " sa0 pR0 1 samasta padya isa padya meM 'mANa' zabda kI AvRtti tIna bAra kI gayI hai tathA 'ga' varNa kI pAMca bAra aura 'jo' kI do bAra AvRtti huI hai / ataH anuprAsa alaMkAra hai / maM vaddhamANaM kI AvRtti do bAra huI, hai, para donoM ke artha meM antara hai, prathama varddhamAna nAma hai aura dvitIya varddhamAna vardhanazIla ke artha meM prayukta hai / ataH yamaka bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA ke gadya aura padya donoM bhAgoM meM anuprAsa alaMkAra kA khulakara prayoga kiyA hai / zAyada hI aisA koI padya hogA, jisameM anuprAsa kA prayoga na huA ho / yahAM kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jAte haiM ( 1 ) se ciya bAvIse jAi jarA - maraNabandhaNavimukke / te lokka matthayatthe titthayare bhAvao namaha // sa0pR0 1 (2) uvaNeu maMgalaM vo jiNANa muhalAlijAlasaMvaliyA / titthapavattaNasamae tiasavimukkA kusumabuTThI // sa0 pU02

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310 (3) pasaMsaha pasaMsiNijjAI, pariharaha parihariavvAI, Ayaraha AyariayvAiM / sa0 pR0 2 / sa0pR06 / ( 4 ) dhammaNa kulapasaI dhammaNa ya divvaruva saMpattI | dhammaNa dhajatamiddho dhammeNa suvitthaDA kittI // (5) dhammo maMgalamaDalaM osahamaulaM ca savvadukkhANaM / dhammo balamavi viulaM dhammo tANaM ca saraNaM ca // sa0 pR06 / (6) tivalIta raMgabhaMgura majjhavirAyantahAra rammAo / sa0 pR0 73 / sa0 pR0 94 / muha sAhindiyavitthiNNaniyambabimbAo || sa0 pR073 | (7) tattata vaNijjasannihmaNahathororUjuyalakaliyAo / nahayanda samujjo viyakummunnayacalaNasohAo || (8) navasarayakAlaviyasiyakuvalayadalanti rAyasohillaM / kayamujjalaM pi kajjalayaraMjiyaM loyaNANa juyaM // ( 9 ) jaramaraNa rogasamaNaM jiNavayaNarasAyanaM amayasAraM / pAu pariNAmasuhaM nAhaM maraNassa bohemi // sa0 pR0 158 / (10) gayarAga dosamoho savvantu hoi nAgadANeNaM / mayAsurasuramahio kameNa siddhi ca pAvei / (11) savvajalamajjaNAI savvapayANAi savvadikhAo | yA asAsitassa taguyaM pi na samAI // sa0 pR0 304 / (12) pahANakAyasaMgayA suyandhagandhagandhiyA / avAyamallamaNDiyA paiNNahAracandimA || (13) saMsArasArabhUyaM nayagamaNANandayArayaM paramaM / tiNavimhayajaNaNaM vihiNo vi auvvanimmANaM // (14) bhaNiyaM ca bhuvaNagurUNA ahAsuhaM mA karaha paDibandhaM / sa0 pR0 189 / sa0 pR0 452 / bhavagaNaMmi asAre kiccamiNaM navara bhaviyANa / / sa0 pR0 8 / 812 / (15) divvaNaM vaNNaNaM divveNaM gandheNaM divveNaM phAsaNaM divveNaM saMghayaNeNaM divvaNaM saMThANeNaM divvAe iDDhIe divvAe juIe divvAe pahA divvAe chAyAe divvAe accIe divveNaM te eNaM-- sa0 pR haribhadra kI anuprAsoM kI prayAsarahita svAbhAvika yojanA manohAriNI hai / vicitratA se rikta kevala anuprAsa ke lie zabdADambara vaikalyadoSa mAnA jAtA hai / haribhadra meM ekAdha sthala para yaha doSa vartamAna hai / haribhadra ne anuprAsa prayoga dvArA nimna kAryoM kI siddhi kI hai :-- 9 / 968 / vAcyArtha (1) bhAvoM kI abhivyakti kI prAMjalatA / (2) bhAvoM ko sajAne aura ramaNIya banAne meM / (3) bhASA ko madhura aura jhaMkRta banAnA / (4) preSaNIyatA utpanna karanA / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM yamaka kA prayoga bahuta kama kiyA hai, para jina sthaloM para yamaka kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, unameM kucha sthala avazya hI ramaNIya haiM / sa0 pR0 742 / (1) jovvaNamaNuvamasohaM kalAkalAvaparivaDi DhayacchAyaM / jaNa maNanayaNANatvaM cando vva kameNa saMpatto // sa0 pR0 78 /

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(2) sesapallalajalucchalantuttatthajalayaramukkanAyabahiriyadisaMmahAvi--sa pR0 13 / (3) dhammAdhammavavatthaparipAlaNarao sayalajaNamaNANandayArI---sa0 pR0 142 / (4) tA sumarAmo paramaM paramapayasAhagaM jiNakkhAyaM--sa0 pR0 232 / (5) vAyasarasanta rayarakhaM khantasivAnAyabhIsagaM bhIsagadara raDDamaDayadurahigandhaM-- sa0 pR0 260 / / (6) maNahararaiyavisesayavisesabhaMgurakayAlayasaNAhA / savise sapecchaNijjA sohiyasaMjamiyadhammallA // s07| 639 / uparyukta udAharaNoM meM nirarthaka aura bhinnArthaka sArthaka varNoM ko punarAvRtti huI hai| bhASA meM pravAha aura prabhAvotpAdakatA utpanna karane ke lie haribhadra ne isa alaMkAra kA prayoga kiyA hai| zrRMkhalA nAma kA eka nayA alaMkAra bhI haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA meM AtA hai| yadyapi yaha zrRMkhalA alaMkAra yamaka se milatA-julatA hai, para yathArtharUpa meM yamaka nahIM hai / yataH yamaka meM duharAye hue zabdAMza kA eka hI honA Avazyaka hai, para usI zabda kA rahanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| zrRMkhalA meM eka hI zabda duharAyA jAtA hai, isameM zabdAMzoM kA ThIka eka-sA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| zrRMkhalA eka prAcIna alaMkAra hai| isakA prAcInatama udAharaNa sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA 15vAM adhyayana hai| yadyapi yaha bhI yamaka se hI niSpanna jJAta hotA hai anuprAsa ke samAna isakA pUrvaja bhI yamaka hI hai, to bhI ise yamaka se bhinna kahA jAnA caahie| yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki uttarakAlIna yamaka, jisase anaprAsa kI utpatti huI hai, AraMbha meM zabdoM ke duharAne ko kahA jAtA thaa| isake sAtha chandobaddha padyoM kI eka zrRMkhalA sambaddha rahatI thii| samarAiccakahA meM gadya aura padya donoM meM isa alaMkAra kA prayoga bahu latA se huA hai| prasaMgoM ke adhyayana se avagata hotA hai ki isa alaMkAra kA vyavahAra haribhadra ne bhASA ko sazakta banAne ke sAtha vicAroM ko preSaNIya banAne ke lie kiyA hai| isa alaMkAra kA pradhAna uddezya pratIyamAna arya ko camatkRta karanA hai, aura yaha kAraNa hai ki jahAM yaha alaMkAra rahatA hai, vahAM arthAlaMkAra kI dRSTi se kAraNamAlA athavA samuccaya alaMkAra avazya upasthita rahate haiN| isa alaMkAra ke nimnalikhita udAharaNa darzanIya haiM:-- (1) oUlalaggamaragayamaUhahariyAyamANasiyacamaraM / siyacamaradaNDacAmIyarappahApijaraddAyaM // adAyagayavirAyantarammavarapakkhasundarIvayaNaM / varapakkhasundarIvayaNajaNiyabahupakkhapariosaM // pariosapayaDaromaMcavandisaMghAyakaliyaparantaM / parantaviraiyAmalavicittamaNitArayAnivahaM // tArayaniva pasAhiyatoraNamuhanimiyasuddhasalile haiN| sasilehAvijjoiyavittharasiyamaNDavanahaM tu // sa0 pR0 99 / (2) navajalabhariyasarovaravirAyantakamalAyarokamalAyarapasapattaummattamahuraguMjanta bhamirabhamaraulo bhamaraulucchAhiyasurayakhinnasaharisakalAlAvihaMsaulamuhalo muhalagoyAlajuvaipAraddhasarasageyaravoccha pacchattamaggo sarayasamao tti / /

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312 (3) bahuviharukkha sAhA saMghaTTasaMbhavantavaNadavaM / vaNavapattikandaraviNintasIhaM // sIya pahityikaDe varakayAradisamaM / visamakhala dukkha hiNDantabhIyamuddhamayaM || mayaruhirapANa muiyaghorantasuttavagdhaM / vagghabhayapalAyantamahisaulaM / mahisaulacalaNaggalaggagaruyaayagaraM / ayagaravimuktanIsAsasadda bhImaM / bhImabahuvihabhamantakavyAyaluttasattaM / sattakhayakAlasacchahaM silindhanilayaM nAma pavvayaM ti / sa0 pR0 516 (4) patto ya mhurm| ruya mandandole ntakayalisaMghAyaM / saMghAmilikapurisajakkha parihuttavaNasaNDaM // araNDavivi phalarasasaMtuSTha vihaMga saddagambhIraM / gambhIrajalahigajjiyahityapio sattasiddhayaNaM // siddhayaNamiliyacAraNasiharavaNAraddhahurasaMgIyaM saMgIyamurayaghosANandiyanaccantasihiniyaraM // sihiniya rakhukkaNThiyapa sannavarasiddha kinnarinihAya / kinnarinihAyase viyalavaMgalavalIharacchAyaM / chAyAvantamaNoharamaNiyaDavilasantarayaNaniurumbaM / / nirumbaThippa haDasiharuppe yaM ca rayarNAgira // sa0 pR0 547-548 chaTThabhavo / 2 -- arthAlaMkAra | aba hama zabda, artha aura artha ke Azrita rahane vAle tathA artha ko camatkRta karane vAle arthAlaMkAroM para vicAra kareMge | agnipurANa ( 344 / 1 ) meM kahA hai ki arthoM ko alaMkRta karane vAle arthAlaMkAra kahe jAte haiM tathA arthAlaMkAra ke binA zabda saundarya manohara nahIM ho sakatA / arthAlaMkAroM meM sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra pradhAna haiM aura sabhI sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kA prANabhUta alaMkAra upamA hai / appayyadIkSita ne apanI citramImAMsA meM likhA hai ki kAvyarUpI raMgabhUmi meM upamArUpI naTI aneka bhUmikA bheda se nRtya karatI huI kAvya marmajJoM kA cittaraMjana karatI hai / sAdRzya alaMkAroM meM sAdRzyatA kahIM uktibheda se vAcya hotI haiM aura kahIM vyaMgya | vAstava meM sAdRzya kA nAma hI upamA hai, ataH upamA alaMkAra aneka alaMkAroM kA utthApaka hai / haribhadra ne samarAccakahA meM upamA, ananvaya, utprekSA, rUpaka, zleSa, parisaMkhyA, virodhAbhAsa, sandeha, kAraNamAlA, arthAntaranyAsa, ekAvalI, kramatulyayogyatA, svabhAvovita, bhAvika, saMsRSTi, udAtta samuccaya, parikara aura saMkara alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai / upamA alaMkAra ke udAharaNoM kI bharamAra hai / gadya aura padya donoM meM hI yaha alaMkAra vyApta ha~ / upamA alaMkAra ke nimna udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM :-- (1) ratnAvalI, muktAvalI, camarapaMkti aura paTTAMzuka mAlA -- prastuta upameya ke liye aprastuta upamAna kramazaH saudAminI, jaladhArA, balAkApaMkti aura indrAyudha kI chAyA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / soyAmaNIo viva vihAyanti, rayaNAvalIo, jaladhArA viva dIsaMti muttAvalIo valAyApantiyAo-- sa0 pR0 15 / ( 2 ) rAjA guNasena kI senA kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki usakI yaha senA budina ke samAna vRddhigata hone lagI / meghAcchana dina durdina kahalAtA hai / yahAM

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313 prastuta yA upameya narendra hai aura aprastuta yA upamAna budina hai / donoM kI samatA dikhalAtA huA kavi kahatA hai ki narendra senA meM kavivara samUha megha ghaTA ke samAna unnata dhvajA, camara aura chatra balAkA paMkti ke samAna, tokSaNa karavAla aura bhAle bijalI ke samAna tathA zaMkha, kAhala aura sUrya kA ghoSa meghagarjanA ke samAna thA / karivaravirAyantame hajAlaM, Usiyadhapa- camara chattasaMghAya balAyapariyayaM, nisiyakaravAlakontasoyAmaNi sAha, saMkha-kAhalatUranigghosagajjiyakhapUriyadisaM, ayAladuddiNaM piva samantao viyammiyaM narindasAhaNaM ti / sa0 pR0 28 / (3) vijayasena AcArya ke rUpa saundarya kA varNana karate samaya aneka upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yahAM prastuta yA upameya vijayasena AcArya haiM aura aprastuta yA upamAna aneka haiN| kucha upamAna mUtrtika aura kucha amUrtika haiN| kavi kahatA hai ki vaha AcArya pRthvI ke bhUSaNa ke samAna, sabhI manuSyoM ke netroM ke lie Ananda ke samAna, dharma meM saMlagna logoM ke liye pratyAdeza ke samAna, parama saubhAgya ke nilaya ke samAna, kAnti ke sthAna ke samAna, kSamA ke kulagRha ke samAna, guNaratnoM ke samUha ke samAna aura puNyakarma ke phalasarvasva ke samAna the| 'maNDaNamiva vasumaIe, ANando vva sayalajaNaloyajANaM, paccAeso vva dhammanirayANaM, nalio vva paramadhannayAe, ThANamiva Ade yabhAvas; kulaharaM piva khantIe, Agaro iva guNarayaNANaM, vivAgasavvassamiva kusalakammassa" - sa0pU0 44 // * (4) azoka vATikA kA varNana karate hue kavi ne batAyA hai ki vahAM rAjanIti ke samAna saghana AmravRkSa, parastrI ke darzana se bhayabhIta satpuruSoM ke samAna bApItaTa, pAdapa aura satpuruSoM kI ciMtA ke samAna latAeM, daridra aura kAmI hRdaya ke samAna Akulita latAgRha, viSaya-saMsakta pAkhaNDiyoM ke samAna azobhita hone vAle nimba pAdapa evaM kusambha rakta vastradhArI navavara ke samAna rakta azoka zobhita thA / " jattha nIibaliyA viva naravaI dulahavivarA sahayArA, parakalattadaMsaNabhIyA viva sappurisA ahomuhaTThiyA vAvItaDapAyavA, viNivaDiyasappurisacintAo viva aDAlaviDAlAo aimuttayalayAo, daridda - kAmihiyayAI niva samantao AulAuM layAharAI, visayapasattA viva pAsaNDiNo na sohanti limbapAyavA navavaragAviva kusumbha ttanivasaNA virAyanti ratta soyA, sa0 044 / (5) vasanta kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki usa samaya jayadhvani ke samAna koloM kA kalarava, virahAgni se dagdha pathika samUha se nikalate hue dhUmra ke samAna Am vRkSoM para bhramara guMjAra kara rahe the / mRtapati ke sAtha zmazAna bhUmi meM jalane vAlI vidhavA se nikalatI huI lAla-lAla lapaToM ke samAna kiMzuka puSpoM se dizAeM lAla ho rahI thIM / jaya jayasaddovva koilAhi kao kolAhalo, viraha ggijjhantapahiyasaMghAya - dhUmapaDalaM va viyammiyaM sahayAresu bhamarajAlaM, gayavaiyAmasANajalaNe hi viva palitaM disAmaMDalaM kisuyakusumehiM ti / -- sa0 pR0 78 (6) kusumAvalI ke rUpasauMdarya kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki usakI kele ke stambha ke samAna manohara jaMghAeM, sthalakamala ke samAna Arakta caraNayugala the aura vaha udyAna lakSmI ke samAna RRtulakSmI se paricita thI / For komala gubAhulatayA rambhAkhambhamaNaharoruja yalA thalakamalarattakomala calaNajuyalA ujjANade vaya va uulacchipariyariyA niyamAulagassa ceva / -- sa0 pR0 79 / (7) haribhadra ne upamA ke prayogoM meM bar3I satarkatA rakhI hai / jo jisake yogya haiM use usI prakAra kI upamA se vibhUSita kiyA hai / zravivAhita sihakumAra ko ekAkI sthiti meM dekhakara kusumAvalI usake saundarya kA varNana karatI huI sakhi se kahatI hai| -- vaha rati rahita kAmadeva ke samAna, rohiNI rahita candramA ke samAna, madirA rahita baladeva ke samAna, ndrANI rahita indra ke samAna suzobhita hai /

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314 virahi viva kusumAuho, rohiNIvizrozro viva mayalachaNo paricattamairo viva kAmapAlo sacIviutto viva purandaro -- sa0 pR0 84-85 / (8) haribhadra ne rAjya - prastuta yA upameya kA vibhinna upamAnoM dvArA bar3A hI hRdayagrAya varNana kiyA hai / isa varNana dvArA rAjya kI bhayaMkaratA, sArahInatA aura usakI aneka vizeSatAeM prakaTa hotI haiM / kavi kahatA hai ki rAjya pAtAla ke samAna apUraNIya kAmanAvAlA, aneka chidroM se pUrNa purAne bhavana ke samAna truTiyoM se pUrNa, duSToM kI saMgati ke samAna nAnA duHkhadAyaka, vezyA ke samAna dhana se prema karane vAlA, vAmI meM aneka sarpoM ke nivAsoM ke samAna vipattiyoM kA nivAsa, saMsAra ke samAna kabhI na samApta honevAle karmavAlA, sarpa ke piTAre ke samAna yatna se rakSaNIya aura vezyA ke yauvana ke samAna aneka logoM se spRhaNIya hotA hai / rajjaM hi nAma pAyAlaM piva duppUraM jiSNabhavaNaM piva sulahavivaraM, khalasaMgayaM piva virasAvasANaM, ve sitthiyAhiyayaM piva pratthavallahaM, vammIyaM piva bahubhuyaMgaM, jIvaloyaM piva praNiTThiyakajjaM sappakaraNDayaM piva jattaparivAlaNijjaM praNabhinnaM visambhasuhANaM, vesAjovvaNaM piva bahujaNAbhilasaNIyaM / -- sa0 pR0 150 / (6) jela kI bhayaMkaratA aura bIbhatsatA kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki vandIgRha duHSamakAla ke vAsagRha ke samAna, pradharma kI lIlAbhUmi ke samAna, sImAnta naraka ke sahodara ke samAna, samasta duHkhoM ke sakhA ke samAna, samasta yAtanAoM ke lie kulagRha ke samAna, mRtyu kI vilAsabhUmi ke samAna, kRtAnta yamarAja ke siddhikSetra ke samAna thA / yahAM prastuta jela kA aneka prastuna upamAnoM dvArA varNana kiyA hai| ye sabhI upamAna jela kA eka mUrtimAna rUpa upasthita kara dete haiM / vAsaharaM piva dussamAe, lIlAbhUmi piva zradhammassa, saha yaraM piva sImantayassa, sahA viva savvadukkha samudayANaM, kulaharaM piva savvajAyaNANaM, vissAsabhUmi piva maccuNo, siddhikha taM piva kayantassati / -- sa0 pR0 154 / (10) sanatkumAra muni ke rUpa-saundarya kA varNana karate hue kavi ne batAyA hai ki vaha dIpti meM dinakara ke samAna, saumyatA meM himAMzu ke samAna, gaMbhIratA meM samudra ke samAna, mUlyArhatA meM ratnarAzi ke samAna, saundarya meM kAmadeva ke samAna, ramaNIyatA meM svarNa ke samAna aura anirvacanIyatA meM mokSa ke samAna thA / diryaro far dityAe cando viya somayAe, samuddo viya gaMbhIrayAe, rayaNarAsI viya mahagghayAe kusumAmalo vitha lAyA gayAe, saggo viya rammayAe, mokkho viya nivvayaNijjayAe / -- sa0 pR0 365 / (11) kavi ne vilAsavatI ke saundarya kA varNana karate hue aneka prastutoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / sanatkumAra ne vilAsavatI ko tArAgaNa se pariyukta jaladharodara vinirgataH rajanIkara praNayinI kumudinI ke samAna, kalahaMsI parivAra sahita rAjahaMsI ke samAna, sthUla- muktAphaloM se yukta salAvaNya payodharA samudravelA ke samAna, vasantalakSmI se parigata anaMga gRhiNI rati ke samAna zobhita dekhA / diTThAya tattha jala ho yaraviNiggaya rayANiyarapaNaiNi vva tArAyaNaparivuDA rAyahaMsi vva kalahaM siparivArA samuddavela vva thUlamuttAhalakaliyasalAya NapanoharA, praNaMga ghariNi vva ulaccha parigayA cittANukUlANuratta niuNasahiyaNamajjhagayA / -- sa0pR0 378 / (12) yuddha ke samaya senA prayANa kA romAMcakArI varNana karate hue batAyA hai ki durjana kI vANI ke samAna hRdaya ko vidIrNa karane vAle bhAle lAye jAne lage, yamajihavA ka

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315 samAna subhaTajanoM ke rakta kI lAlasA karane vAlI aura bahatoM ke jIvana kA haraNa karane vAlI talavAreM camakane lgiiN| vezyA ke samAna guNa se nibaddha rahane para bhI prakRti ke kuTila dhanuSa lAye jAne lage / duSToM ke vacana ke samAna marma chedana karane vAle nArAca taiyAra kiye jAne lge| dujjaNavANIyo viya bheyakarImo ANIyanti bhallIpro, jamajIhAsannigAsAmosuhaDajaNaruhiralAla sAno subahujaNajIviyaharIyo pAyaDijjanti asilaTThIpro, vesitthiyAno viya guNanibaddhAmro vi payaikuDilAno ghaNuhIro, khalajaNAlAvA viya mammaghaTTaNa-samatthA ya nArAya, asaNilayAsannigAsApo ya gayAo |--s0 pR0 464 / (13) sundaravana nAmaka udyAna kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki yaha udyAna RtuoM ke samavAya ke samAna, gandhasamRddhi ke nivAsa ke samAna, vanaspatiyoM ke kulagRha ke samAna aura makaradhvaja ke pAyatana ke samAna thaa| __taM puNa samavAyo viya uUNaM nivAso viya gandhariddhIe kulaharaM viya vaNassaINaM prAyayaNaM viya mayaraddhayassa |--s0pR0 424 / ___ uparyukta pramukha udAharaNoM ke atirikta upamA alaMkAra kA prayoga samarAiccakahA meM nimna sthAnoM para bhI huA hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra ne kisI bhI vastu kI rUpaguNa sambandhI vizeSatA spaSTa karane ke lie, dUsarI paricita vastu se, jisameM ve vizeSatAeM adhika pratyakSa hai, usakI samatA dikhalAyI hai|psstth 44, 6,106,144,146,158,202. 337, 352, 363, 365, 371, 376, 380, 406, 428, 437, 462, 467, 466, 481, 482, 464, 546, 605, 606, 637, 638, 657, 765, 768, 808, 815 / uparyukta pRSThAMkoM ke atirikta choTI-moTI upamA ekAdha sthala para aura bhI varNita hai kintu ina upamAoM meM koI vizeSa camatkAra nahIM hai / 3-ananvaya / haribhadra ne ananvaya alaMkAra kA prayoga bhI kaI sthaloM para kiyA hai / isa alaMkAra meM upamAnopameyatvama kasyai vatvananvayaH--eka hI vastu upamAna aura upameya donoM rUpoM meM prayukta hotI hai / udAharaNaH-- (1) rUvaM piva rUvassa, lAvaNaM piva lAyaNNassa, sundaraM piva sundarassa, jovaNaM piva jovvaNassa maNoraho viya maNorahANaM |----s0 pR0 85-86 / ___ yahAM rUpa ke lie rUpa, lAvaNya ke lie lAvaNya, saundarya ke lie saundarya, yauvana ke lie yauvana aura manorathoM ke lie manoratha upamAna kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| (2) pIIe viya pAvimo pII, dhiIe va avalambiyo dhiI, UsaveNa viya ko meM Usavo |--s0pR0377 / 4-rUpaka prastuta yA upameya para aprastuta yA upamAna kA prAropakara rUpaka alaMkAra kI yojanA haribhadra ne kI hai / isa alaMkAra kA prayoga nimna lakSyoM kI siddhi ke lie kiyA hai: (1) kavitA meM saMkSiptatA aura sunizcitatA lAne ke lie| (2) adhika-se-adhika bhAvoM ko saMkSepa meM vyakta karane ke lie| (3) prAropa ko camatkRta kara bhAvoM meM preSaNIyatA utpanna karane ke lie /

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rUpaka alaMkAra kA vyavahAra samarAiccakahA meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai / yahAM kucha udAharaNa diye jAte hai :-- (1) micchattapaMkamaggapaDibaddha ya saddhammakahaNadivAyarodaeNaM bohiUNa bhadhvakamalAyare --sa0 pR0 67 / yahAM mithyAtva ko kIcar3a, saddharmopadezaka ko divAkara aura bhavyajIvoM ko kamalAkara kA rUpaka diyA gayA hai / (2) titthayaravayaNapaMkaya-sa0pRSTha 62 / yahAM tIrtha kara ke mukha ko paMkaja kA rUpaka diyA gayA hai / mukha para kamala kA prAropa kiyA gayA hai| (3) paDivaksanaraNAhadoghaTTake sarI--sa0 pR0 234 / yahAM kisI pratApI nareza ko kesarI kahA gayA hai, jo pratipakSI zatruoM ko naSTa karane meM pravINa haiN| (4) diyahanisAghaDimAlaM pAuyasalilaM jaNassa ghetUNa / candAiccabaillA kAlArahaTTa bhamADe nti / / -sa0 pR0 260 / ___isa padya meM kAla-samaya ko rahaTa kA rUpaka diyA gayA hai / isa rahaTa ke rAtri aura dina ghaTimAla hai, prAyu jala hai tathA sUrya aura candra ye donoM baila isa rahaTa ko ghumAte rahate haiN| isa prakAra yaha kAla-rahaTa prAyu rUpI jala ko kSINa karatA rahatA hai yaha sAMgarUpaka kA sundara udAharaNa hai| (5) tAmalittItilayabhUyaM--sa0 pR0 368 / yahAM anaMganandana udyAna ko tAmralipti kA tilaka kahA hai / (6) lajjAvaNayavayaNakamalaM--sa0 pR0 375 / (7) saMpuNNamayalacchaNamuhI-sa0 pR0 401 / 5-utprekSA / upameya yA prastuta kI utkRSTa upamAna yA aprastuta ke rUpa meM saMbhAvanA yA kalpanA karane ko utprekSA alaMkAra kahate haiN| haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM isa alaMkAra kA pracura parimANa meM prayoga kiyA hai / udAharaNaH-- (1) maNipaTTayammi nimiyA calaNA saMkantarAyasohille / tapaphaMsasuhAsAyaNarasapallavie vva vimalammi // sa0 pR0 63 / kusumAvalI ne maNi ke paTTe para apane pairoM ko rakhA thA, jisase usake pairoM kI aruNimA prakaTa ho rahI thii| isa aruNimA para kavi kI utprekSA hai ki yaha aruNimA vivAha kI prasannatA pratIta ho rahI hai| (2) baddhaM ca daiyahiyayaM va tIe viya. niyambabimbammi / suraUsavavaratUraM nimmalamaNimehalAdAmaM ||s0pR0 65 / usake nitamboM para sundara maNimekhalA--maNi ghaTita karadhanI pahanAI, jo usake priya ke hRdaya ko bAMdhane vAle suratotsava ke maMgala-tUrya ke samAna pratIta hotI thii| yaha gamyotprekSA hai, utprekSA vAcaka zabda kA prayoga yaha huA hai| (3) aha klsddaayddddhiysbhvnnvaaviryraayhNsaaiN| calaNesu piNaddhAiM maNaharamaNine urAI se ||s0 pR0 65 /

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usake gharoM meM aise manohara nUpura pahanAye gaye jo apanI anuraNata dhvani se svabhavana kI vApikAoM ke haMso ko bhI AkRSTa karate the| yahAM napura kI anuraNana dhvani dvArA haMsoM ke prAkRSTa kiye jAne kI utprekSA kI gaI hai / (4) baddho ya thaNaharovari maNaharavarapaumarAyadalaghaDiyo / pavaro pavaMgabandho niyambasaMsatto taha y|| sa0 pR0 65 / usake stanoM para manohara padmarAgamaNiyoM se ghaTita vastra bAMdhA gayA thA, jo nitamba aura stana ke madhya pula kA kArya karatA thaa| (5) paDhamaM dIsihii imA mottUNa mamaM ti rayaNachAyAe / __ paDivannamaccharAe va protthayaM tIe savvaMgaM // sa0 pR0 66 / mujhe chor3a anya kisI ratna kI dIpti nahIM dikhalAyI par3e, ataH mAtsarya bhAva se hI caDAmaNi ne apanI kAnti dvArA sarvA ko vyApta kara liyA thaa| (6) nibhakusumabharoNayarasAumuhaloha asaNabANehiM / / kAsakuDaehi ya daDhaM jattha hasanti vva raNNa iN|| sa0 pR0 238 / __ puSpoM se samanvita vRkSoM para guMjAra karate hue bhramaroM dvArA tathA phUle hue kamala dvArA vaha vana haMsatA huA pratIta hotA thaa| (7) esA vaccai rayaNI vimukkatama siyA vivnnnnmuhii| ___ pANIyaM piva dAuM paraloyagarassa sUrassa ||--s0 pR0 265 / paralokagata sUrya ko jala dene ke liye hI andhakAra rUpI kezoM se rahita rAtri calI jA rahI hai| yahAM rAtri kI utprekSA nAyikA ke samAna kI gaI hai / (8) jIe mahumattakAmiNolIlAcaMkamaNaNe urakheNa / / bhavaNavaNadIhiroyararayA vi haMsA naDijjanti // sa0 pR0 463 / jahAM madhumatta kAminiyoM ke lIlApUrvaka gamana karane se bhavana dIpikA meM rata haMsa bhI vyAkulita kiye jAte haiN| (9) saMjhAe baddharAmo vva diNayaro turiyamatthasiharaMmi / saMkeyagaThANaM piva surAgiriguja samalliyai // sa0 pR0 750 / vittharai kusumagandho aNahaM dijjanti maMgalapaIvA / / sandhyA meM daDhAnarAgI-sA sarya astAcala kI coTI para saMketa ke samAna sumeru parvata ke kuMja meM chipa rahA hai| uttama puSpa saurabha phaila rahA hai, maMgala dIpaka jalAye jA rahe hai aura ramaNiyAM ramaNabhavanoM meM kAma pUjana kara rahI hai / sandhyA ke isa varNana meM utprekSA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| (10) divasaviramaMmi jAyA maulAviyakamalaloyaNA naliNI / aidUsahasUravinoyajaNiyapasarantamuccha vva // sa0 pR0 768 / sUrya ke asta hone para kamala locanA nalinI ne apanI AMkhoM ko banda kara liyA hai / aisA mAlUma ho rahA hai ki atyanta duHsaha sUrya rUpI pati ke viyoga ke kAraNa use mUrchA hI pA gayI hai| atyamiyaMmi diNayara daiyaMmi va vaDDhiyANurAyaMmi / rayaNivahU soeNa va tameNa turiyaM tamo gahiyA // sa0 pR0 768 /

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318 sUrya ke prasta ho jAne para rAtrirUpI badhU apane pati ke vardhita anurAga ke kAraNa hI zoka ke samAna andhakAra se grahIta pratIta ho rahI hai / isa padya se Age vAle sabhI padyoM meM pR0 666-- 771 taka utprekSA kI chaTA hai sandhyAkAla ke varNana meM kavi ne vibhinna prakAra kI utprekSAtroM kA prayoga kiyA hai / 6----ileSa / jahAM para aise zabdoM kA prayoga ho, jinase eka se adhika artha nikalate hoM, vahAM zleSa alaMkAra hotA hai / zleSa kA camatkAra artha ke samajhane aura manana para nirbhara karatA hai / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA do-cAra sthaloM para hI isa alaMkAra kA vyavahAra kiyA hai / (1) zravahatthiyamitte dujjaNe va patte paprosasamayaMmi 1. cakkA bhaeNa vihaDiyAi annonnaniravekkhaM / / sa0 pR0 768 / yahAM mitra aura pradoSa zabda meM zleSa hai / mitra kA artha mitra aura sUrya donoM haiM tathA pradoSa kA artha rAtri evaM prakRSTa doSa hai / padya ke uttarArddha meM utprekSA bhI hai / ataH samasta padya meM saMsRSTi zralaMkAra mAnA jAyagA / (2) sumaNANandiyavibuho bahusauNanisevino amayasAro / cattabhava khIrasAyaranilayaraI tiyasaviDavo vva // sa0 pR0 776 / yaha padya AcArya aura kalpavRkSa donoM pakSoM meM ghaTita hotA hai / prAcArya pakSa meM sumanasA -- prazastamanasA zrAnanditA vibudhAH paNDitA yena, bahubhirguNavadbhiH tyaktA bhavakSIrasAgarasya nilaye ratiya~na, zramRtaM mokSastadeva sAro yasya / kalpavRkSa pakSa meM-sumanasA puSpeNa zrAnanditA vibudhA devA yena bahavaH zakunA : pakSiNa staMni tritaH, amRto rasaste na sAraH, bhava iva kSIrasAgaraH / arthAt yahAM sumanasa-zreSTha mana ke dvArA jisane vidvAnoM ko zrAnandita kiyA hai aura jo aneka guNavAna puruSoM ke dvArA sevita, saMsArarUpI kSIrasamudra ke nivAsa kA tyAgI tathA mokSa rUpa sAra ko prApta karane vAlA vijayadharma nAma kA AcArya kalpavRkSa ke samAna dekhA / kalpavRkSa sumanasa -- puSpoM ke dvArA vibudha-devatAoM ko Anandita kavAlA, aneka pakSiyoM se sevita, amRta ke sAra ko denevAlA tathA sarasa evaM vistIrNa hone se kSIrasAgara ke saMsAra ke nivAsa meM rati kA tyAgI hotA hai / 7 -- parisaMkhyA | parisaMkhyA alaMkAra kA prayoga gadya sAhitya meM pracuratA se hotA hai / haribhadra ne bhI isa alaMkAra kA vyavahAra paryApta mAtrA meM kiyA hai| kisI bhI deza, nagara aura grAma kA varNana karate samaya yaha alaMkAra zrA gayA hai / isameM kisI vastu kA apane vAstavika sthAna yA sabhI sthAna se lopakara kahIM eka viziSTa sthAna para zrAropa kiyA jAtA hai / kucha udAharaNa nimnAMkita haiM: --- (1) jattha ya narANa vasaNaM vijjAsu, jasammi nimmale loho / pAvasu sayA bhIruttaNaM ca dhammammi dhaNabuddhI sa0pU0 6 paDhamo bhavo / (2) jattha ya paradAraparibhoyammi kilIvo, paracchiddAvaloyaNammi andho, parAvavAyabhAsaNamma mUtra, paradavvAvaharaNammi saMkuciyahattho -- sa0 pR0 75 / (3) so ya parammuho parakalatte na prabhatthaNAe, zraluddho paravibhave na dhammovajjaNe, saMtuTTho parovayAre na dhaNAgame, zrahigavo pIIe na maccharaNaM, dariddo dosehi na vihaveNaM / --- sa0 pU0 464 /

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316 8--virodhAbhAsa / jahAM yathArthataH virodha na hokara virodha ke AbhAsa kA varNana ho, vahAM yaha alaMkAra hotA hai / isa alaMkAra meM ApAtataH do paraspara virodhI vastuoM kA eka hI pAzraya meM varNana kiyA jAtA hai / sayalakalAsaMgo viya mayalaJchaNo, paDhamajovvaNattho vi viyArarahiro, viNijjiya kusumabANo vi tavasiriniro, paricattasavvasaMgo vi sayalajaNovayArI |---s0 pR0 45 / - samasta kalAoM se yukta rahane para bhI vaha mRgalAMchana thaa| yahAM virodha pratIta hotA hai ki jo samasta kalAoM meM pravINa hai, vaha mRgalAMchana vAlA kaisA ho sakatA hai / isakA parihAra yaha hai ki vaha samasta kalAoM meM pravINa hone para bhI candramA ke samAna saumya thaa| prathama yauvana meM rahane para bhI vikArahIna thA, yaha bhI virodha hai, yahAM car3hatI javAnI meM vikArarahita honA saMbhava nhiiN| parihAra meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki prathama yauvanAvasthA meM rahane para bhI saMyamI hone se vikArahIna thA / saundarya meM kAmadeva ko parAsta karane para bhI tapazrI se sahita thaa| yahAM kAmadeva aura tapazrI meM virodha pratIta hotA hai, parihAra meM vaha sundara hone para bhI tapasvI thaa| samasta saMga kA tyAga karane para bhI vaha sakala janopakArI thA, yahAM samasta saMga kA tyAga karake sakala janopakArI banane meM virodha pratIta hotA hai / parihAra meM kahA jAyagA ki samasta parigraha kA tyAga kara dene para bhI samasta saMsAra kA vaha upakArI thaa| 9--sandeha / haribhadra ne camatkAra utpanna karane ke lie isa alaMkAra kI bhI yojanA hai| kisI vastu ko dekhakara sAmya ke kAraNa jahAM dUsarI vastu kA sandeha ho jAya, vahAM yaha alaMkAra prAtA hai / (1) vacchIutteNa ya nahamaUhapaDivannasalilasaMkeNa / pakkhAliumaNavajjaM nimmaviyaM tIe nahayammaM // sa0 pR0 63 / nAI ko usa kusumAvalI ke nakha kI praticchAyA se jala kI AzaMkA huI thii| usane jala se prakSAlana kara nahacha karma kiyaa| yahAM nAI ko nakha kI praticchAyA ke kAraNa jala kI AzaMkA ho gayI, para jaise hI usane nahacha karma prAraMbha kiyA use nizcaya ho gayA ki yaha jala nahIM hai, ataH usane nakhoM ko jala se prakSAlita kara apanA kArya prAraMbha kiyaa| yaha nizcayAnta sandeha kA sundara udAharaNa hai| (2deg samarAiccakahA meM nizcayagabhita sandeha kA udAharaNa bahuta hI sundara pAyA hai| nimna paMktiyAM darzanIya haiM:__ ettiyaM puNa takkai mi, esa bhayavaM purndro| rayaNavaIe bhaNiyaM / halA, sahassaloyaNadUsino khu eso suNIyai / mayaNamaMjuyAe bhaNiyaM / jai evaM, tA nArAyaNo / rayaNavaIe bhaNiyaM / halA, so vi na evaM kaNayAvayAyacchavI / mayaNamajjuyAe bhaNiyaM / tA kAmadevo bhvissi| rayaNavaIe bhaNiyaM / halA, kupro tassa vi hu harahuMkArahuya-vahasihApayaM gayassa Iiso laaynnnnsohaavyaaro| sa0 8 / pR0 757-758 / nAyikA aura sakhI kA vArtAlApa ho rahA hai / sakhI nAyaka ke rUpa-saundarya kA aMkana karatI huI kahatI hai-"vaha indra hai" / nAyikA nirAkaraNa karatI huI uttara detI hai ki indra sahasra netroM se doSayukta sunA jAtA hai / sakhI kahatI hai--"yadi aisI bAta hai to vaha

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320 phira nArAyaNa hai' / nAyikA--"unako dehakAnti sone ke samAna gauravarNa kI nahIM hai|" sa 1--"yadi aisI bAta hai to vaha saba logoM ke mana ko Anandita karane vAlA candramA hai|" nAyikA-"vaha niSkalaMka nahIM hai / " sakhI-"taba vaha kAmadeva hogaa|" nAyikA--"zivajI kI huMkArAgnijvAlA meM bhasmIbhUta usako kAnti aisI kaise ho sakatI hai|" 1..-kaarnnmaalaa| isa alaMkAra meM kAraNa se utpanna kArya Age kAraNa banatA jAtA hai athavA kArya kA jo kAraNa hai, vaha kArya hotA jAtA hai / haribhadra ne zRMkhalA alaMkAra meM isa alaMkAra kI yojanA kI hai| ataH zRMkhalA alaMkAra ke jitane udAharaNa pahale likhe gaye haiM, ve sabhI isa alaMkAra ke bhI hai| etto kammavivuDDhI, to bhavo, ttthdukkhsNghaalo| tatto uvviyamANo payahejja tae mahApAve // sa0 3 / pR0 165 / yahAM kaSAya karma vRddhi kA kAraNa, karma se saMsAra, saMsAra meM duHkha aura duHkha se udve : utpanna hotA hai / ataH mahA pAparUpa kaSAyoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| 11- ekAvalI / jahAM para vastuoM kA krama se zRMkhalAbaddha varNana isa prakAra hotA hai ki bAda meM kathita vastu prAge ke lie AdhAra kI kar3I banatI jAtI hai, vahAM ekAvalI alaMkAra hotA hai| haribhadra ne isakA prayoga bahuta hI sundara rUpa meM kiyA hai / rehanti jIe sImA sarehi naliNIvaNe hi ya sarAI / kamalehi ya naliNIo kamalAi ya bhamaravanhi // sa0 pR0 856 / usako sImAeM jalAzayoM se atyanta ramya haiM, jalAzaya kamaliniyoM ke vanoM se; kamaliniyAM phale hue kamaloM se aura kamaloM ke phUla madhupoM--bhauroM se bahuta hI ramya hai / 12--arthaantrnyaas| sAmAnya kathana kA vizeSa ke dvArA yA vizeSa kA sAmAnya ke dvArA samarthana karane ke lie haribhadra ne arthAntaranyAsa ko kaI sthaloM para yo: / ka hai / yathA-- (1) kAUNa ya pANivahaM jo dANaM dei dhmmsddhaae| dahiUNa candaNaM so karei aMgAravANijja // s0p03| 191 / yahAM prANivadha kara dharmazraddhA se dAna dene rUpa sAmAnya kathana kA samarthana candana jalA. kara koyalA kA vyApAra karane rUpa vizeSa kathana se kiyA gayA hai / (2) dullahaM mANusattaNaM, jammo maraNanimittaM, calAno saMpayAo, dukkhahe yavo visayA, saMjoge vinogo, aNasamayameva maraNaM, dAruNo vivAgo ti--sa0 3|pR0 166 / (3) jassa na lippai buddhI hantUNa imaM jagaM niravasesaM / pAvaNa so na lippai paMkayakoso vva salileNaM ||s04| pU0 266 / yahAM buddhi ke nilipta rahane kA samarthana paMkaja se kiyA gayA hai|

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321 (4) chaDDe jiyaMtaM pi hu mayaM pi zraNumarai kAi bhattAraM / visaharagayaM va cariyaM vaMkavivaka mahiliyANaM / / sa0 pR0 / 4 305 / yahAM mahilAoM ke vakra caritra kA samarthana sarpa kI vakra gati se kiyA gayA hai / 13 -- yathAsaMkhya | pUrvoddiSTa padArthoM kA kramazaH punaH kathana kiye jAne ko yathAsaMkhya alaMkAra kahate haiM / isakA anya nAma krama pralaMkAra bhI batAyA gayA hai / yathA- aNa haraNaM caraNehi ya jIe nijjiyA prAsi / savvavilayANamahiyaM sohA sasikalasakamalANaM / / sa0 4 / pR0 317 / mukha, stanabhAra aura caraNoM kI zobhA se samasta striyoM ne candramA, kalaza aura kamala kI zobhA ko jIta liyA hai / 14 -- AkSepa / tiNa saMthAranivanno vi muNivaro bhaTTharAga-maya-moho / jaM pAvai suttisuhaM katto taM cakkavaTTI vi // sa0 pR0 3 / 216 isa padya meM rAga-dveSa se rahita tRNa ke saMthAra para vizrAma karane vAle muni ke sukha dvArA cakravartI ke sukha kA tiraskAra kiyA gayA hai / 15 -- tulyayogitA / kisI vastu yA vyApAra ke guNa aura kriyA meM jahAM eka dharmatva kI pratiSThA kI jAtI hai, vahAM para tulyayogitA alaMkAra hotA hai / ke sAharanapaNehiM savibabhamubbhantapecchiehiMca | tivvatavANa muNINa vi jA cittaharA daDhamAsi / / sa0 pR0 4 / 318 / keza, adhara aura nayanoM ke dvArA tathA vilAsapUrvaka apane kaTAkSa ke dvArA tIvra tapavAle muniyoM ke mana ko curAtI thii| yahAM keza, adhara, nayana aura kaTAkSa ina cAroM meM muniyoM ke mana ko curAne rUpa eka dharma kI pratiSThA kI gayI hai / 16- - svabhAvokti / saMvedya padArthoM ke svarUpa kA svAbhAvika nirUpaNa karane yaha alaMkAra prAtA hai / samarAiccakahA meM nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke gamana yA anya kriyA vyApAra kA svabhAvokti alaMkAra meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / yathA- garuyAe niyambasa khINayAe samuddataraNe NaM somAlayAe de hassa vIsatthAe mama sannihANe NaM nasakkei caMkamiuM / sa0 pR0 5 / 433 | yahAM nAyikA ke gamana karane meM bAdhA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / 17- bhAvika / * isa alaMkAra meM bhUta athavA bhAvI adbhuta padArtha kA vartamAna ke samAna citraNa kiyA jAtA hai / haribhadra ne isa alaMkAra kA prayoga aneka sthaloM para kiyA hai / yathA- paricintiyaM ca tumae gurUvaesaparivAlaNAnihaso / vayAri cciya eso mhANaM pasavanAho tti // sa0 pR0 8 / 803 / 21--22 eDu0

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322 18-udAtta / isa alaMkAra ke antargata lokottara vaibhava kA varNana sanniviSTa rahatA hai| isa alaMkAra kI yojanA samarAiccakahA meM nagarI nirUpaNa, rAjavaibhava, zreSThivaibhava evaM svargoM ke vaibhava ke pratipAdana meM prAyaH sarvatra huI hai| yahAM ekAdha udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jAtA (1) aNeyavijjAharanarindamaulimaNippabhAvisaraviccha riyapAyapIDho cakkaseNo nAma vijjaahrvii|-pR0 441 (2) mahAmahalluttuMgabhavaNasiharuppaMkaniruddharavirahamaggA devaulavihArArAmasaMgayA niccussavANandapamuiyamahAjaNA nivAso tihuyaNasirIe nidarisaNaM devanayarIe vissakamma-viNimmiyA ojhA nAma nayarI |--s0 pR0 731 / / (3) vimalamahAsalilapaDihatthaM samaddhAsiyaM naliNisaMDeNaM virAyamANaM viuddhakamalArasirIe haMsakAraNDavacakkavAnovasohiyaM ruNaruNantaNaM bhamarajAleNaM samanniyaM kappapAyavarAIe samAsannadivyovavaNasohiyaM paNaccamANaM piva kallolalIlAkarahiM mahantaM saravaraM vayaNeNamayaraM ---sa0 pR0 732 / prathama udAharaNa meM vidyAdhara, dvitIya meM ayodhyAnagarI aura tRtIya meM eka sarovara kA udAtta rUpa aMkita hai / 19---vyatireka / upameya kI upamAna se adhikatA yA nyUnatA sUcita karane ke lie vyatireka alaMkAra kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai / haribhadra ne vyatireka alaMkAra kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai / nimna udAharaNa darzanIya hai :-- saMsArasArabhUyaM nayaNamaNANandayArayaM paramaM / tihuyaNavimhayajaNaNaM vihiNo vi auvvanimmANaM / sa0 pR0742|| saMsAra kA sArabhUta, netra tathA mana ko Anandita karane vAlA, tInoM lokoM meM Azcaryajanaka brahmA kI apUrva racanA hai / isa padya meM upamAna kI apekSA upameya nAyikA kA utkarSa dikhalAyA gayA hai| 20--parikara / kathana ko sazakta aura camatkRta banAne ke lie sAbhiprAya vizeSaNa kA prayoga kara isa alaMkAra kA sRjana kiyA jAtA hai| haribhadra ne gadya aura padya donoM meM hI sAbhiprAya vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai-- deu suhaM vo sura-siddha-maNupravandre hi sAyaraM namiyA / titthayakhayaNapaMkayaviNiggayA maNaharA vANI ||s0 pR0 2 / isa padya meM prayukta sabhI vizeSaNa sAbhiprAya haiN| 21--aprastuta prazaMsAmUlaka arthaantrnyaas| samarAiccakahA meM aprastuta se prastuta kI abhivyaMjanA dvArA sAmAnya kA vizeSa se samarthana kiyA gayA hai / isa alaMkAra kA spaSTIkaraNa nimna udAharaNa dvArA kiyA jAtA amayaM pi hu visaM, rajjU vi ya kiNhasappo, goppayaM pi sAyaro, aNUvi ya girI, mUsayavivaraM pi rasAyalaM, suyaNo vi dujjaNo, suprovi vairI, jAyA vi bhuyaMgI, payAso vi andhayAraM, khaMtI vi

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323 koho, maddavaM pi mANo, ajjavaM pi mAyA, saMtoso vi loho, saccaM pi zraliyaM, piyaM pi pharasaM, kalattaM pive riyo ti / sa0pU0 522 / isa gadyAMza meM bhAgya yA vidhi kI viparItatA svarUpa sAmAnya kA samarthana aprastutoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai / bhAgya ke viparIta hone para amRta bhI viSa ho jAtA hai, rassI bhI sarpa bana jAtI hai, goSpada bhI samudra ho jAtA hai, aNu giri bana jAtA hai, mUSaka vivara rasAtala, sujana bhI durjana, putra bhI zatru ho jAtA hai / 22 -- saMsRSTi / tila- taNDula nyAya se paraspara nirapekSa aneka alaMkAroM kI ekatra sthiti meM saMsRSTi alaMkAra hotA hai / isa alaMkAra kA prayoga samarAiccakahA meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai / (1) kAla yamIsacandaNaraseNa nimmajjiyaM ca muhakamalaM / daiyo vva sArA kamro ya se samayaNo praharo || sa0 pR0 64 / isa padya meM " muhakamalaM" meM rUpaka, "daigrovva" meM upamA aura "sANurAmro" meM zleSa hai / ataH yahAM saMsRSTi alaMkAra hai / (2) jIe mahumattakAmiNI lolAcaMkamaNa NeuraraveNa / bhavaNavaNadIhi yararayA vi haMsA naDijjanti // isa padya meM " mahamattaM" meM zleSa tathA nUpurarava dvArA haMsoM kA vyAkulita kiyA jAnA utprekSA hai / zrataH saMsRSTi hai / zrRMkhalA alaMkAra ke sabhI udAharaNa saMsRSTi alaMkAra ke haiM / " graha niSNAsiya timiro ( pR0 751 ) meM utprekSA aura rUpaka kA mizraNa hone se saMsRSTi hai / isa prakAra haribhadra ne alaMkAra yojanA dvArA apanI kalA ko camatkRta kiyA hai / bhAvoM ko udAtta aura bhASA ko zaktizAlinI banAne meM bhI ina alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / bimba vidhAna -- mAnava jIvana meM bimba vidhAna athavA kalpanA kA bar3A mahattva hai / prastuta pariveza ke saMvedanoM aura pratyakSa ke atirikta usake mAnasa meM atIta kI, tathA kabhI astitva na rakhane vAlI, na ghaTanevAlI vastuoM aura ghaTanAoM kI asaMkhya pratimAeM bhI rahatI haiM / bimba zabda isI mAnasa pratimA kA paryAya hai / kAvyAnubhUti kI sthiti bauddhika anubhUti aura aindriya anubhUti kI madhyavartI eka pRthaka anubhUti sahaja anubhUti hai, jisakA nirmANa bauddhika dhAraNAoM - - kansepTsa athavA indriya saMvedanoM -- sensezansa se na hokara bimboM se hotA hai / prAtibhajJAna se hI kalAoM kA sambandha hai, yataH prAtibhajJAna se bimboM kI prApti hotI hai aura tarkAtmaka jJAna se kansepTa kI prApti hotI hai, ataH usakA kAvya se saMbaMdha nahIM hai / bimba sarvadA abhivyakti DhUMr3hate haiM, isa sthiti meM Akara bimboM ko rUpavidhAna kI zrAvazyakatA hotI hai / kuzala kalAkAra rUpavidhAna kA Ayojana kara zreSTha bimboM dvArA apane bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai / bimba vidhAna kI upayogitA sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke lie hai / lekhaka yA kavi ke mAnasa meM kisI vastu yA kArya kI jaisI pratimA nirmita

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324 hai, vaha use apane pAThakoM taka pahuMcAne ke lie sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI prakriyA kA avalambana grahaNa karatA hai| ataH apanI anubhUti ko pAThakoM kI anubhUti banAne ke lie kalAkAra ko bimba vidhAna kI yojanA karanI par3atI haiN| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jahAM zabda arthagrahaNa ke alAvA aura kucha kahane meM samartha ho, vahAM zabda bimba bana jAtA hai| zabdAntara se hama kaha sakate haiM ki vizeSa prakAra ke arthavAn zabda hI bimba haiN| ___ manovaijJAnikoM ne viSayI--sabjekTa kI dRSTi se bimboM kA adhyayana kiyA hai| aisI vastu jo viSayoM meM bAra-bAra eka hI prakAra ke manovegoM ko jAgrata kare, use usa bhAva kA bimba kahA jaaygaa| yaha prakriyA ulTI bhI ho sakatI hai| viSayI ke mana meM jaba-jaba eka vizeSa prakAra kA bhAva uThegA, taba-taba usake sAmane usase tulyarthatA rakhanevAlI vaisI hI vastu upasthita ho jaaygii| jaise Darapoka vyakti jaba bhI andhakAra meM jAyagA, usake sAmane ThUTha bhI bhUta bana jAyagA, isI taraha kisI vastu vizeSa ko apanI bhAvanAoM ke prakSepaNa se usa rUpa meM grahaNa kara lenA, jo usakA vAstavika svarUpa nahIM hai, bimba vidhAna hai| darzana ke anusAra caitanyAkArAkArita cittavRtti ke dvArA bimboM kA nirmANa hotA hai aura ye bimba ghaTAdiviSayaka ajJAna ko dUra kara unake saMbaMdha meM gahana saMskAra utpanna karate haiN| kAlAntara meM ye hI saMskAra vastuoM ke jJAna kA prakAzana karate haiN| svapratibimbita cidAbhAsa ke dvArA atIta aura anAgata padArtha bhI pratIta hone lagate haiN| ataH bimboM kA mahattva sabhI jJAna kI zAkhAoM meM samAna rUpa se abhipreta hai| jJAnaprApti ke sAdhanoM ke anusAra bimboM ke pradhAnataH do bheda kiye jA sakate haiM aindrika bimba aura atIndriya bimba / indriyAM pAMca hai, ataH indriya aura padArthoM kA sannikarSa bhI pAMca prakAra kA saMbhava hai| ataeva aindrika bimboM ke pAMca bheda hai-- (1) spAzika bimba yA zItoSNa bodhaka bimba / (2) rAsanika bimba / (3) ghrANika bimba / (4) cAkSusa bimb| (5) zrAvaNa bimb| haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM sAdRzyamUlaka bimboM kA prayoga adhika kiyA hai| , utprekSA aura rUpaka alaMkAroM meM yathAtathya aura svaccha bimboM kA pracara parimANa meM prayoga huA hai| yathAtathya bimboM meM jitane parimANa meM bimba svaccha hai, utane hI parimANa meM bhAva bhI svaccha milegaa| aspaSTa aura durjeya bimboM kA prayoga prAyaH haribhadra ne nahIM kiyA hai| yahAM kucha bimboM kA vivecana upasthita kiyA jAtA hai / spa.zika bimba-- isa koTi ke bimboM ke prayoga adhika Aye haiN| isa prakAra ke bimboM kA pradhAna kArya sparzana indriya sambandhI padArtha dvArA kisI vizeSa bhAva kI utpatti karanA hai| bhAva kA mUrtimAna rUpa sAmane prastuta kara usa bhAva kA eka svaccha AdhAra khar3A kara denA hai| yathA--

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325 titthayaravayaNapaMkaya --meM tIrtha kara ke mukha kI mRdutA aura suSamA kA bhAva vyakta karane ke lie paMkaja kA bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai| paMkaja meM komalatA, suSamA, sugandhi Adi guNa rahate haiM, tIrtha kara ke mukha meM bhI ye guNa vidyamAna haiN| sandhyA samaya kamala ke saMkucita ho jAne se bhramara kamala meM hI baMdha jAte haiM para prAtaHkAla sUryodaya hote hI nikala par3ate haiN| tIrtha kara ke mukha se divyadhvani nikalatI hai| haribhadra ne paMkaja kA sAdRzya lekara tIrtha kara ke mukha meM paMkaja kA bimba vidhAna kiyA hai / pAusa lIlAvalambisohiyaM vimANacchandayaM --vimAnacchandaka prAsAda ko varSAkAla kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai| varSAkAla ke kucha dRzya cAkSuSa hote haiM aura kucha spAzika / zItala manda samIra kA sparza, jo ki AhlAda kA pradhAna kAraNa hai, spAzika hai| megha ghaTAoM kA prAcchanna honA, vidyut kA camakanA, kabhI timira aura kabhI prakAza kA vyApta honA cAkSuSa hai| prAvaTa kI vAstavika sukhAnubhUti sparzanajanya hai / ataH isa bimba ko spAzika bimba meM parigaNita kiyA hai| micchattapaMkamaggapaDibaddha --mithyAtva ko saghanatA aura usase nikalane kI kaThinAI kA bodha karAne ke lie ukta bimba kA prayoga kiyA hai| mithyAtvapaMka kahate yA sunate hI hamAre mana meM eka bimba yA pratimA nirmita ho jAtI hai aura usa pratimA ke sahAre hama mithyAtva mArga se nikalane ke lie kiye jAne vAle prayAsa ko avagata kara lete haiN| kammavaNadAvANalo --karma bandhana ke kAraNa hone vAle kleza, duHkha aura santApa kA mUttimAna rUpa dikhalAne ke lie vana bimbayojanA kI hai| dAvAnala vana ko bhasma kara maidAna sApha kara detA hai| dharmopadeza bhI karma-baMdhana ko naSTa kara AtmA ko zuddha banAtA hai| "kammavaNadAvAgalo" meM bahuta hI svaccha bimba hai, jo karma kI saghanatA aura bhayaMkaratA ke sAtha dharmopadeza ke prabhAva kI vyaMjanA karatA hai| isa prakAra "dukkhase lavajjAsaNI meM bhI sundara bimba yojanA hai| taruNaravimaNDalaniha --madhyakAlIna sUrya ke prabhAva, pratApa aura teja kI samatA lekara dharmacakra ke bhAva ko abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| isa bimba meM sAdRzyajanya svacchatA vartamAna hai| __saddhAjala --meM zraddhA ke amattika bhAva ko jala bimba dvArA prakaTa kiyA hai| jala ko svacchatA, zItalatA, pipAsA-zamana prabhRti guNoM dvArA zraddhA ke svarUpa ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| ___ kovAgala --krodha ke santApa, jalana, uSNatA aura bhayaMkaratA kA svarUpa upasthita karane ke lie "anala" kA bimba khar3A kiyA gayA hai| "kovANala" sunate hI hamAre mana meM uSNatA kA eka vicitra bhAva utpanna ho jAtA hai aura anala se dhU-dhU kara nikalatI huI lapaTeM hamArI sparzana indriya ke samakSa krodha kA mUttimAna rUpa upasthita kara detI hai, jisameM apAra jalana aura bhasmasAt karane kI kSamatA vartamAna hai| 1 / sa0, pR02| 2 / vahI, pR0 15 / 3 / vahI, pR0 67 / 4 / vahI, pR0 105 / 5 / vahI, pR0 166 / 6 / vahI, pR0 161 / 7 / vahI, pR0 263 /

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326 kammaraya' -- isa bimba dvArA hamAre samakSa tIna dRzya upasthita hote haiM / raja gandagI kA kAraNa hai, isakA sparza kaThora hotA hai aura yaha zrAgantuka bhAva hai, svacchatA ke sAdhana milate hI ise dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai / amUttika jar3akarmoM ke svarUpa pratyakSIkaraNa meM isa bimba se pUrI sahAyatA hotI hai / kalikAlavahni -- kalikAlavahni bimba kaI mizrita bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hU~ / hni meM jalana aura bhasma karane kI pravRtti pradhAna rUpa se vidyamAna hai, kalikAla maiM bhI yahI zakti hai / ataH isa pratisvaccha bimba dvArA haribhadra ne kalikAla kA yathArtha rUpa prastuta kiyA hai / isa bimba se kalikAla ke saMbaMdha meM vikarAlatA aura bhayaMkaratA ke sAtha bhasma karane -- zubhakAryoM se dUra rakhane kI pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai / rAsanika bimba isa zreNI ke bimboM meM rasanA indriyajanya anubhUti ke AdhAra para bhAvoM kI zrabhivyaMjanA kI gaI haiM / ina bimboM meM bhI abhivyaMjanA kA pradhAna AdhAra sAdRzya hI haiN| yathA- visAyavo -- viSapAdapa ke phala nitAnta halAhala hote haiM, bhakSaNa karate hI prANAMta kA kAraNa bana jAte haiM / yuvAvasthA kI avivekatA aura isa avasthA meM prApta hone vAlI viSayAsakti ke kaTuphaloM kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai / sayala dukkhaparamosahi* -- pravRjyA ko sukhAnubhUti kA mUttika rUpa upasthita karane ke lie sakaladuHkhaparamauSadhi kA bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra auSadhi ke AsvAdana janya prabhAva se roga dUra ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra saMsAra vyAdhi ko dUra karane ke lie pravRjyA hai / mairA viya' - - isa bimba dvArA nArI ko madirA ke samAna madavardhaka batAyA hai / madirA ke AsvAdana se mada utpanna hotA hai, jisase viveka lupta ho jAtA hai aura vyakti hitAhitazUnya AcaraNa karane lagatA hai / strI prAsakti se bhI ukta utpanna hotA hai / prabhAva prANika bimba- prANa indriyajanya anubhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para ukta zreNI kI bimba yojanA kI jAtI haiM / haribhadra ne isa koTi ke bahuta thor3e bimboM kA prayoga kiyA hai / vAlA kusumasAra yauvana ko jIvana kA sArabhUta evaM prahlAda utpanna karane sarvotkRSTa batalAne ke lie kusumasAra itra kA bimba upasthita kiyA hai / kusumasAra sugaMdhita citta ko prAnandita karane vAlA aura jIvana meM sphUrti utpanna karane meM pradhAna kAraNa hotA hai / haribhadra ne isa bimba ko bahuta sundara yojanA kI haiM / 1- sa0 pR0 2. vahI, pR0 3 -- vahI, pR0 4 -- vahI, pR0 5 -- vahI, pR0 6-- vahI, pR0 357 // 260 / 184 / 224 // 554 / 200 /

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cAkSuSa bimba- samarAicca kahA meM cAkSuSa bimboM kI bharamAra hai / ina bimboM dvArA bhAvoM ko abhivyaMjanA meM bar3I spaSTatA AyI hai / yathA- nahamaU ' - - isa bimba dvArA nakhoM kI ujjvalatA aura kiyA hai / nakha- mayUkha se hamAre netroM ke samakSa svacchatA bimba prastuta hotA hai / 327 micchatta timira -- timira saghana aura kRSNavarNa kA hotA hai, jaba isake kaI parata ekatra ho jAte haiM aura isakI saghanatA bar3ha jAtI haiM, to rUpadarzana kA prabhAva ho jAtA hai / mithyAtva ke isI svarUpa kI abhivyaMjanA ke nimitta isa bimba kI yojanA kI gaI hai / vAstava meM mithyAtva ke sarvAgINa citra ko mUrtimAna rUpa meM prastuta karane ke lie yaha bimba bahuta hI saphala haiM / kAla haTTa -- yaha bimba prati svaccha hai aura pratikSaNa naSTa hone vAle samaya kA sAkAra citra upasthita karatA hai / kAnti kA citra upasthita aura prakAza kA eka spaSTa tama / ladalanIlaM * - - khaDga kA rUpacitra prastuta karane ke lie " tamAladalanIlaM " bimba kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yahAM yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki yaha bimba mAtra rUpa hI upasthita nahIM karatA, balki khaDga kI tIkSNatA aura rakta pipAsitA bhI vyaMjita karatA hai / farara kesiyA vivaNNamuhI - - rAtri kA sarvAgINa citraNa karane ke lie nAyikA kA bimba prastuta kiyA hai / yaha vaha nAyikA hai, jisakA pati svargastha ho gayA hai, ataH kezoM ke khula jAne se vaha vivarNamukhI hai, tathA apane pati kA zrAddhakarma sampanna karane ke nimitta jaladAna ke lie jA rahI hai / rAtri bhI brAhmavelA ke zrA jAne se calI jA rahI hai / isa bimba yojanA ne bhAvoM kA sAkArarUpa upasthita karane meM bar3I sahAyatA pradAna kI hai / sarayajalahara -- Rddhi kI nazvaratA aura kSaNabhaMguratA dikhalAne ke lie haribhadra zaratkAlIna megha, kAminI kaTAkSa aura vidyut ina tIna cAkSuSa bimboM kA prayoga kiyA haiM / ye tInoM hI kSaNabhaMguratA kA bhAva pUrNatayA citrita karate haiM / zaratkAlIna megha kA dRzya nabhomaMDala meM ramyAtiramya hotA hai, kintu kucha hI kSaNoM meM yaha dRzya vilIna ho jAtA hai / kAminI kaTAkSa bhI bahuta caMcala rahatA hai, kahIM bhI sthira nahIM hotA / vidyut kI camaka kSaNa meM apanA prakAza vikIrNa kara lupta ho jAtI hai / 1- sa0 pR0 63 // 2- - vahI, pR0 170 / 260 // 4- 293 | 3 - - vahI, pR0 - vahI, pR0 5 -- vahI, pR0 6 -- vahI, pR0 365 // 7- - vahI, pR0 48 / 265 // naDapecchaNaya - saMsAra ke svArtha, saMgharSa evaM prAkarSaNa ko batalAne ke lie " naDapecchaNaya" dvArA eka vicitra sukha-duHkha mizrita bimba prastuta kiyA hai / dRzya dvArA saMsAra kI anubhUti ko zabdoM meM bAMdhane kA prayAsa ilAghanIya hai / raMgamaMca ke

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328 palayamehavva'--yuddha meM bhAle, barkhe aura talavAroM dvArA mAra-kATa hone se rakta kI varSA ho rahI hai| yuddhabhUmi kI isa mArakATa kI bhayaMkaratA ko dikhalAne ke lie pralaya megha kA cAkSuSa bimba prastuta kiyA hai| pralaya megha kI bhISaNa varSA jisa prakAra vinAza kA kAraNa banatI hai, usI prakAra yuddha meM bhAle, barkhe aura khaDga prahAra bhI vinAza kA dRzya upasthita bhavADavI--saMsAra ke vibhinna sambandhoM aura svArtha-paratAoM kA sAMgopAMga citra upasthita karane ke lie "bhavADavI" kA cAkSuSa bimba prayukta huA hai| isa bimba dvArA saMsAra ke bhISaNa aura sukhada donoM hI rUpa aMkita kiye gaye haiN| aTavI meM khUkhAra jAnavaroM kA nivAsa hone ke sAtha zItala chAyA aura jaMgalI phala bhI prApta hote haiN| eka ora bhayaMkaratA aura zUnyatA hai, to dUsarI ora prAkRtika dRzyoM kI ramaNIyatA bhii| saMsAra meM bhI ukta donoM bAteM pAyI jAtI hai| yaha satya hai ki pradhAna rUpa se isa bimba dvArA saMsAra ke bhISaNa rUpa kA hI udghATana hotA hai| ___ vasantalacchoe --vasanta lakSmI ke cAkSuSa bimba dvArA krIr3A sundara udyAna kI suSamA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| cando ---isa bimba dvArA car3hatI huI yuvAvasthA ke AhlAdaka aura mohaka rUpa kI abhivyaMjanA kI gaI hai| mAindajAla --jIvaloka kI anityatA dikhalAne ke lie mAindajAla rUpa aprastuta kI yojanA kI hai| isa aprastuta dvArA pUrA citra netroM ke samakSa upasthita ho jAtA mayagayavaigahirollollasoela--palAza ke phUle vRkSa tatkAla mRta hAthI ke camar3e para saMlagna mAMsa ke samAna zobhita the| yahAM hAthI ke Ardracarma se saMsakta mAMsa ke bimba dvArA puSpita palAza vRkSoM ke cAkSuSa sauMdarya kA saTIka vizleSaNa kiyA hai| yahAM aprastuta kI yojanA bar3I sArthaka aura navIna hai| zravaNa bimba-- zravaNa indriyajanya anubhUti ke AdhAra para kI gaI aprastuta yojanA ukta koTi ke bimboM ke antargata AtI haiN| isa zreNI ke bimba samarAiccakahA meM ekAdha hI haiN| megha garjanA dvArA yuddha ke vAdyoM kA sAkAra citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai| atIndriya bimba-- atIndriya viSayoM kI aprastuta yojanA dvArA ucca koTi ke vimboM kI yojanA kI gaI hai / yathA-- pamAyakalaMka --kalaMka amUttika hai| pramAda ko kalaMka kahA jAnA isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki yaha jIvana ke lie abhizApa hai| jIvana kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa pramAda-kalaMka ke dUra hone para hI ho sakatA hai| 1--sa0, pR0 467 / 2-- vahI, pR0 476 / 3---vahI, pR0 78 / / 4--vahI, pR0 78 / 5.-.-vahI, pR0 570 / 6---vahI, pR0 637 / 7-.-vahI, pR0 30 /

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326 hariNayA'--isa mUrtika aprastuta dvArA amatika mRtyubhaya kI abhivyaMjanA kI gayI hai| hariNI kA trasta honA eka bimba kI yojanA karatA hai, jisase mRtyu bhaya kA sajIva citra netroM ke samakSa prastuta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra haribhadra ne bimba yojanA yA aprastuta yojanA dvArA bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA meM tIvatA, spaSTatA, camatkAra aura utkarSa ko prakaTa kiyA hai| ye bimba svarUpa-bodhana ke sAtha saundarya bodhaka bhI hote haiN| svarUpa bodha meM ramaNIyatA lAne ke lie kAvyakSetra meM bimba yojanA kI atyadhika AvazyakatA hai| bhAvottejana meM ina bimboM ne paryApta sAmya upasthita kiyA hai / jisa bhAva ko prAcArya haribhadra vyakta karanA cAhate hai, usa bhAva ko pAThakoM ke hRdaya meM pahuMcAne meM ve isa bimba yojanA dvArA pUrNa samartha hai| haribhadra dvArA prayukta bimba eka prakAra se aprastuta yojanA ke antargata pA sakate hai| yataH aprastuta yojanA ko mArmikatA hI bimba kA rUpa le letI hai| sahaja jJAna meM donoM kI utpatti hotI hai| 3 / rUpavicAra-- ____ kalAkAra apanI sUkSma nirIkSaNa zakti dvArA jisa prakAra alaMkAra yojanA, bimba yojanA aura pratIka yojanA karatA hai, usI prakAra raMgoM kA samucita prayoga kara apanI kalA ko ramaNIya banAtA hai| yahAM haribhadra ke rUpa vicAra se hamArA tAtparya unakI raMga yojanA se hI hai| yaha satya hai ki usa AThavIM zatI meM Aja ke manovijJAna kA janma bhI nahIM huA thA, para samarAiccakahA meM raMga-yojanA dArzanika, manovaijJAnika aura sAhityika ina tInoM dRSTiyoM se samucita aura saMtulita rUpa meM sampanna huI hai| kalAkAra upamAoM, utprekSAoM aura rUpakoM meM raMgoM kA sanniveza karatA hai| yaha sanniveza kahAM taka samucita aura kalA ke sUkSma marma kA sparzI hotA hai, yahI kalA meM vicAraNIya hotA hai| manorAgoM ko yathArtha sthiti kA vizleSaNa karane vAlA kalAkAra raMgoM ko yojanA meM atyanta pravINa bharatamuni ne apane nATyazAstra meM zrRMgAra zyAma, hAsya zveta, karuNa kabUtara ke raMga vAlA, raudra lAla, vIra gorA, bhayAnaka kAlA, vIbhatsa nIlA aura adabhata pItavarNa kA mAnA hai| jo kalAkAra apane varNana meM rasoM ke varNAnusAra rUpa kA sanniveza karatA hai, vaha kalAkAra zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai| manovijJAna lAla, pIlA, harA aura nIlA ina cAra raMgoM ko maulika evaM prArambhika mAnatA hai| anya sabhI raMga inhIM ke sammizraNa se utpanna hote haiN| kucha vidvAna raMgadRSTi-saMbaMdhI siddhAnta (thyorI oNpha kalara vijana) meM tIna hI prAraMbhika raMgoM kA ullekha karate haiN| pIle raMga ko ve lAla aura hare raMga kA sammizraNa mAnate haiN| ina tIna prakAra ke maulika raMgoM kI saMvedanA kI vyAkhyA ke lie unhoMne akSipaTa (reTInA) meM tIna prakAra kI sUciyoM kA astitva mAnA hai| jaba ye sUciyAM konesa alaga-alaga uttejita hotI hai to unase kramazaH lAla, hare evaM nIle raMga kI saMvedanAeM utpanna hotI hai| pIle raMga kI saMvedanA tabhI hotI hai, jaba lAla aura hare raMgavAlI sUciyAM samAna mAtrA meM prakAza taraMgoM ke dvArA bilkula samAnAnupAta meM uttejita kI jAtI hai, to hameM raMgavihIna dRSTi saMvedanA hotI hai| raMgahIna saMvedanA se prAzaya zveta, pANDu aura kRSNa kI saMvedanA se hai| ataH ukta tInoM raMgoM ko mUla raMgoM ke antargata nahIM rakhA gyaa| 1---sa0, pR0 352 / 2--zyAmo bhavetu zrRMgAraH sito hAsyaH prakIrtitaH |--piitttu cai vAdbhutaH smRtaH / / --bhara0 nATya 6 / 42-43 /

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330 kalAkAra raMgoM kI yojanA isa rUpa meM karatA hai, jisase pAThaka apanI dRSTi saMvedanA dvArA una raMgoM ko saMvedanAeM grahaNa kara sakeM / kuzala kalAkAra kA kAma yaha hai ki vaha piTa meM sthita phobiyA ko prakAza ke prati kriyAzIla bnaaye| jisa kalAkAra ko raMgavijJAna ko yathArtha jAnakArI hotI hai, vaha raMgoM kI samIcIna yojanA kara pAThakoM kI dRSTi saMvedanA ko santulita rUpa meM uttejita kara sakatA hai aura raMgAndhatA se pAThakoM kI rakSA kara sakatA hai / zrAdhunika prakAza vijJAna batalAtA hai ki prakAza kI jo kiraNeM padArtha para par3atI haiM, ve vahAM se pratikSipta hokara dekhane vAle kI prAMkha taka pahuMcatI haiM aura dekhane vAle ke netra kI kanInikA ke bhItara se jAkara " reTInA" nAmaka kendra para padArtha kA pratibimba utpanna karatI haiM / isIse padArtha kA darzana hotA hai / dArzanikoM ne bhI raMga ke mahattva para vicAra kiyA hai / bhAratIya darzana ke satva, rajas aura tamas ina tIna guNoM ke antargata pradhAna raMgoM kA samAveza hotA hai / satvaguNa kA tara pANDu raMga, rajas kA lAla aura harA tathA tamasa kA kRSNa varNa mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM kaSAya aura yoga se anuraMjita zrAtmapravRtti kA raMgoM dvArA vivecana karate hue batAyA hai ki bhramara ke samAna kRSNalezyA, nIlama ke samAna nIlalezyA, kabUtara ke samAna kapotale zyA, suvarNa ke samAna pItalezyA, kamala ke samAna padmalezyA aura zaMkha ke samAna zuklalezyA hotI hai'| ina chahoM pravRttiyoM ko lezyA kahA gayA hai / isa saMkSipta dArzanika vivecana ke prakAza meM bhI itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki kalAkAra dvArA niyojita raMgoM kA dArzanika dRSTi se bhI mahattva hotA hai / haribhadra aise kalAkAra haiM, jinhoMne prakRti ke paTaparivartana meM jina raMgoM kI yojanA kI hai, va nitAnta sArthaka aura unakI sUkSma nirIkSaNa saMbaMdhI vizeSatA ke paricAyaka haiM / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM sabhI raMgoM kI yojanA kI haiN| zvatavarNa kA do rUpoM meM citraNa kiyA hai / prAsAda, zrAtapatra, chatra, dhvajA, zaratkAlIna megha, hAthI zrAdi kA nirUpaNa dhavalavarNa dvArA aura muktAhAra, puSpamAlA, candana lepa, vastra, zaMkha Adi kA zvetavaNa dvArA citraNa kiyA hai| jahAM inheM satvaguNa kA utkarSa dikhalAnA zrabhISTa hotA hai, vahAM dhavala kA ullekha karate haiM aura jahAM satva sAmAnya kA rUpa pradarzita karanA hotA hai, vahAM zveta ko vizeSaNa banAte haiM / zrajitadeva tIrthaMkara kA citraNa karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki vaha bhagavAn devoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye gaye kunda ke samAna dhavalA patra 'suradhariyakunda dhavalAyavattA' (sa0 pR0 170 ) se suzobhita the / yahAM kunda ke samAna ullikhita dhavalavarNa ajitadeva tIrthakara kI mahattA ko to batalAtA hI hai, para sAtha hI unake sambandha meM satvotkarSa utpanna karatA hai / dhavalAtapatratIrthaMkara kI zobhA kA hetu hone para pAThaka ke mana meM zraddhArUpa satva kA utkarSa utpanna karatA hai / vItarAgatA ke hone para kisI bhI prakAra kA vaibhava sarAgatA kA kAraNa na bana jAya, isIlie haribhadra na devoM dvArA sampAdita kI jAne vAlI vibhUti ke pUrva koI na koI vizeSaNa jor3A haiM / ye samasta vizeSaNa sAbhiprAya haiN| yahAM dhavalAtapatra meM dhavala vizeSaNa isa bAta ko caritArtha kara rahA hai ki Atapatra ke lagAye jAne para bhI unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA vikAra nahIM hai / ve jalakamalavat nirlipta haiM, unakI vItarAgatA akSuNNa hai / ataH spaSTa haiM ki satvotkarSa prakaTa karane ke lie hI yahAM dhavalAtapatra kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / uttuMgadhavalapAyAramaNDiyaM (sa0 pR0 803 ) - - dvArA batAyA gayA hai ki cakrapura nagara uttuMgadhavala prAkAra se maNDita thaa| yahAM kavi ne prAkAra kI dhavalatA dvArA nagara ke udAtta 1 - - chappayanIla kavodasu hemaMbuja saMkhasaNihA paNe / gommaTasAra jIva0 gA0 464 /

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331 rUpa kA pradarzana kiyA hai| kavi ko daSTi meM mAtra unnata kahanA prAkAra ke mahattva ko batalAne ke lie paryApta nahIM thA, ataH dhavalavizeSaNa kA prayogakara apane varNajJAna ka vaiziSTya ko sUcita kiyA hai| zaratkAlIna meghoM kA bhavyarUpa citrita karate hae haribhadra ne "dhavalA ghaNApuNopIyasarasaduddhoyahi jalabba" (sa0pa0 236) arthAta lavaNodadhi ke jala kA tyAgakara dugdhodadhi kA pAna kara zaratkAlIna megha dhavala ho gaye the| yahAM meghoM kI dhavalatA kA nirUpaNa sakAraNa hai| kavi ne pAThaka kI dRSTisaMvedanA ko udabaddha karane ke lie prakAza rekhA kA bhavyarUpa zaratkAlIna dhavala meghaghaTA dvArA upasthita kiyA hai| lavaNodadhi ke jala kA tyAga-vikAra tyAga yA azubha lezyA ke tyAga kI ora saMketa karatA hai aura dugdhodadhi kA pAna zubhalezyA kI pravRtti dikhalAtA hai| ataH dhavalamegha apanI do vizeSatAoM ko prakaTa kara rahA hai| yaha satya hai ki vikAra ke tyAga aura svabhAva ke grahaNa se hI dhavalatA kI utpatti hotI hai| zaratkAlIna megha kI dhavalatA meM prAcArya haribhadra ne satvaguNa kA utkarSa dikhalAyA hai| isI prakAra jahAM dhvajA ke varNana karate samaya use dhavala kahA hai, vahAM kavi ne sAmAnya zvata guNa se viziSTa batalAne ke lie usakA bhavya aura udAtta rUpa prastuta kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie nimna do prayogoM ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| dhavaladhvajA kA varNana karate hue likhA hai--"dhuvvantadhavaladhayavaDacalirabalAprolijaNiyasaMkAI" (sa0pa0 702) arthAt pavana se calAyamAna dhavala dhvajapaTa balAkApaMkti kI zaMkA utpanna karatA thaa| dUsare prasaMga meM AyA hai--"saraghaNajAlantariyA dhavaladhayArAyahaMsa vva' (sa0 pR0 705) arthAt rathoM kI TUTI huI dhavaladhvajA vANoM ke samUha se AcchAdita ho jAne para rAjahaMsa ke samAna pratIta hotI thii| uparyukta donoM sthaloM kI dhavaladhvajA kA avalokana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki balAkApaMkti aura haMsa ke samAna yaha dhavala hI nahIM hai, balki apanI dhavalatA ke sAtha usameM vizAlatA aura bhavyatA bhI hai| jaba dhvajA akSaNNa rUpa meM phaharA rahI hai, usa samaya balAkApaMkti aura jaba TUTakara vANoM se AcchAdita hai, usa samaya haMsa ke samAna pratIta hotI hai| kavi kA yaha dhavalaraMga niyojana bahuta hI satarka aura anubhUtipUrNa hai| uparyukta donoM dRzya apanI sUkSmatA kA prabhAva pAThaka ke antas para avazya DAlate haiN| sahaja meM hI satvaguNa kA udreka hotA hai aura pAThaka apanI vikArI pravRtti kA niyaMtraNa kara svAbhAvika pravRtti kI ora agrasara hotA hai| dhavaladhvaja ko rAjahaMsa (sa0 pU0 467) kahA jAnA isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki krodhAdi vikAra tathA rAga-dvaSamaya pravRtti jo ki kApota, nIla aura kRSNa varNa kA pratIka hai, ke dUra ho jAne para dhavala...-zukla lezyAmayI pravRtti hotI hai| ataH haribhadra ne jahAM dhavalaraMga kA ullekha kiyA hai, vahAM ve zubhalezyA kI pravRtti ko jAgrata karane kA prAyAsa karate haiM athavA satvaguNa kA AvirbhAva utpanna kara svAnubhava ko pratiSThita karanA cAhate haiN| zveta yA sita zabda kA prayoga cAmara, vastra, muktAhAra, puSpahAra aura candanalepa ke pUrva milatA hai| haribhadra ke varNana prasaMgoM se spaSTa hai ki unakI dRSTi meM dhavala se hIna koTi kA zveta hai| jo bhavyatA, pavitratA aura gaurava dhavala meM hai, vaha zvata meM nhiiN| zveta udAtta vAtAvaraNa to avazya upasthita karatA hai, para zuklalezyA yA satvaguNa kA utkarSa utpanna karane kI kSamatA usameM nahIM hai| isI kAraNa sita zAba sAmAnya veSa-bhUSA ke varNana ke avasara para hI adhika milatA hai| nimna udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM: siyavaravasaNanivasaNo, siymuttaahaarbhuusiysriiro| siyakusumaseharo siysuyndhhriyndnnvilitto|| sa0 pU0 668 /

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zvetavastra, zvetamuktAhAra se vibhUSita, zveta puSpamAlAoM ko sira para dhAraNa kiye hue tathA zveta sugandhita candana se vilipta zarIravAlA vaha suzobhita thaa| uparyukta prasaMga meM zveta raMga kI yojanA dhavala kI apekSA bhinna hai| udAtta aura pavitratA ko vaha anubhUti nahIM, jo dhavala ke prasaMgoM meM AI hai| ataH yaha mAnanA par3egA ki haribhadra ko raMga yojanA kA bar3A sundara jJAna thaa| haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM hAthI kA varNana tIna rUpoM meM kiyA hai| jaba yuddha ke avasara para kavi hAthI kA nirUpaNa karatA hai taba vaha "karivaravirAyantamehajAlaM" (sa0 pR0 28) kahakara meghaghaTA ke samAna kRSNavarNa ke hAthI kA ullekha karatA hai| jaba vivAha ke avasara para hAthI ko upasthita karanA hotA hai to "kavisigAriyamattuMga dhavalagainda samArUDho" (sa0 pR0 787) arthAt zrRMgArita uttuMga dhavala gajendra ke Upara vara ko savAra karAtA hai| jaba dharmotsava yA kisI dharmasabhA meM pAtra ko jAnA hotA hai, to vahAM hAthI ke varNana meM kavi kisI raMga kA ullekha nahIM krtaa| kavi isa prasaMga kA varNana karatA huA kahatA hai--"aNe yaloya parigo kareNu yArUDho imassa ceva jaNo bambhayatto tti" (sa0 pR0 200) ukta tInoM prasaMgoM ko rUpayojanA para vicAra karane se avagata hotA haiM ki vivAha ke avasara para dhavala hAthI mAMgalika mAnA jAtA hai| kRSNavarNa vajita mAnA gayA hai| jyotiSa zAstra meM jahAM zakuna-apazakuna kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai, vahAM grahavarNa vicAra ke AdhAra para zani kA varNa kRSNa hone se use azubha kahA hai| varAhamihira ne sUrya kA lAla, candramA kA gaura, maMgala kA atilAla, budha kA harA, guru kA pIta, zukra kA zyAma citra evaM zani kA kRSNa varNa kahA hai| ataH vivAha ke avasara para zani ke kRSNa varNa kA upayoga sabhI dRSTiyoM se vajita mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sUkSmadarzI kavi ne vivAha ke avasara para dhavala hAthI upasthita kiyA hai| yuddha kA saMkalpa hI krodha se utpanna hotA hai, jaina darzanAnusAra yuddha ke saMkalpa ko utpanna karane vAlA krodha anantAnubandhI aura apratyAkhyAna ke rUpoM se saMbaMdhita hai| ataH meghaghaTA ke samAna hAthI kA varNana yahAM sarvathA upayukta hai| dharmasabhA yA kisI anya utsava meM jAne ke avasara para hAthI kisI bhI varNa kA ho sakatA hai| ataH haribhadra ne usake varNa kA nirdeza nahIM kiyaa| haribhadra piMgalakaza aura piMgala netroM ko rUpavikRti kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| ataH jahAM kisI kurUpa vyakti kA citraNa karanA hotA hai, vahAM isa raMga ke netroM yA kezoM kA varNana avazya karate haiN| isa piMgala varNa meM do rUpa mizrita hai--nIla aura piit| ina donoM ke mizraNa se rAjasaguNa kA sRjana hotA hai| ataH dRSTA aura dRzya ina donoM ke lie piMgala varNa ke netra aura keza kaSTakara hote haiN| saumya yA sundara kI eka sAmAnya paribhASA yaha hai ki jo prAkRti darzakoM ke mAnasa meM AhlAda utpanna kare aura AnupAtika rUpa se ramaNIya pratIta ho, vaha saumya yA sundara hai| nIla aura pIta kA mizraNa netroM ko sukhakara nahIM hotA hai| ataH haribhadra ne ApiMgalavaTTaloyaNo piMga keso (sa0 pR0 10) kahakara uparyukta tathya kI satyatA pramANita kI hai| haribhadra ne lAlavarNa kA varNana krodha, sneha, anurAga aura komalatA ko abhivyakta karane ke lie kiyA hai / lAlavarNa kA tAratamya nimna pAMca vizeSaNoM dvArA pradarzita hai-- (1) azoka-pallavArakta (Arakta pallava nivasaNo--sa0pR087-88-380 tathA 44) / (2) vidruma-rakta (vidda malayAyambahattha, pR0 76) / (3) rudhirArakta (ruhirArakta, pR0 75) / 1--raktazyAmo bhAskaro gaura induH--bRha0 saM0 2 / 4 /

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(4) lAkSArakta (jAvayaraseNa, pR0 64 tathA calaNAlatayarasaraMjiya, pR0 548) / (5) pATalArakta (pADalakusumasanniheNa ahareNa, pR0 406) / uparyukta raktavarNa ke tAratamya ke atirikta sAmAnya raktavarNa kA prayoga bhI huA hai| camara zveta hone para zubha mAne jAte haiM, para kavi jaba inakI azubhatA kA nirdeza karanA cAhatA hai taba rakta cAmara (pR0 265) kA prayoga kara marmasparzI tathya ko abhivyaMjanA kara detA hai| kopAnala kI bhISaNatA dikhalAne ke lie netroM kA raktavarNa (pR0 160) nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| satya yaha hai ki kavi kI dRSTi meM rakta netra bIbhatsatA aura bhISaNatA kA kAraNa hai, ataH vaha ukta bimba kI upasthiti ke lie raktanetra kA prayoga karatA hai| eka sthala para ajagara ke khUkhAra aura hiMsaka rUpa kI abhivyaMjanA karane ke lie "rattabIbhacchaeNaM" (pR0 148) kA prayoga kara kavi ne apane raMgavicAra kI sUkSmatA pradarzita kI hai| lAla raMga ke nirUpaNa meM kavi kI eka vizeSatA aura dRSTigocara hotI hai| jahAM use saubhAgya , prema aura parasparAnurAga kA citraNa karanA hotA hai, vahAM vaha kuMkuma ko avazya upasthita karatA hai| aisA eka bhI vivAhotsava na milegA, jisameM kavi ne kuMkuma kA prayoga kisI na kisI rUpa meM na kiyA ho| navavara kI suSamA kI abhivyaMjanA prarzita karate samaya kuMkumayaMgarAyA (900) jaise varNana prastuta kiye gaye haiN| spaSTa hai ki vara aura dulahina kI sajAvaTa kuMkuma ke binA adhUrI mAnI gayI hai| samarAiccakahA meM nIlavarNa kA nirUpaNa vastu suSamA ke atirikta bhAvoM kI saghanatA kA vizleSaNa karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai| pradhAnataH nIle raMga ke do rUpa upalabdha hai--halkA nIlA aura gaharA niilaa| haribhadra ne halke nIle raMga kA varNana karate hae batAyA hai--horindanIlamaragayamaUhapariraMjiyajalohaM (10248) arthAta nIlamarakata maNi ko halke nIle raMga kI kiraNeM jalasamUha ko apane varNa se nIlA banA rahI thiiN| halkA nIlA raMga nIlama ke varNa kA hotA hai, ataH haribhadra ne isa raMga kA ullekha nIlamaNi ke upamAna dvArA prAyaH kiyA hai| gahare nIle raMga kA nirUpaNa karate hue haribhadra ne "tamAladalanIlaM" (263) meM talavAra yA tamAlapatra ke samAna nIlavarNa kA svarUpa aMkita kiyA hai| __ pItaraMga kA nirUpaNa kalavauta, cAmIkara aura kamala parAga vizeSaNoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| taruNaravimaNDalanihaM, suvisu ddhijaccakaMcaNaM (pR0 166) dvArA bhI madhyAhna kAlIna dhUpa aura agnisaMtapta kAMcana ke samAna pItavarNa kA nirUpaNa huA hai| kavi kA raMga saMbaMdhI nirIkSaNa kitanA sUkSma hai, isakA anumAna nimna padyoM ke avalokana se kiyA jA sakatA hai / vipphuriyjcckNckikinnikirnnaanurjjiypddaayN| rayayamayagirivaraM piva pNjliymhoshisnnaahN|| prouullggmrgymuuhhriyaaymaannsiycmrN| siyacamaradaNDacAmIyarappahApiMjaraddAyaM ||s0 pR0 608 // tapta kAMcana varNa kI kikiNiyoM kI kiraNoM se anuraMjita patAkA kailAza pavata ke Upara candramA ke samAna suzobhita ho rahI thii| isa prasaMga meM taptakAMcana kI kiraNoM kA zvetavarNa kI patAkA ke Upara par3anA kailAza parvata para caTTAna kA nivAsa karanA hai| raMgoM kI viziSTa jAnakArI ke abhAva meM prastuta aprastuta kI yaha yojanA saMbhava nahIM thii| sphaTika kI nirmala bhitti meM kAMcanastambha kI AbhA saMkrAnta ho rahI thI tathA stambhoM para laTakate hue vastroM meM muktAeM jaTita thiiN| isa avacUla meM jaTita marakata

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maNi kI kiraNoM se mizrita hone ke kAraNa zveta cAmara harita ho rahe the tathA zvetaM cAmaroM meM saMlagna cAmIkara daNDa ke saMyoga se pItaprabhA nikala rahI thii| ukta varNana raMga parijJAna ko sUkSmatA kA paricAyaka hai| kamala ke parAga (kamalarayapiMjara 428), jaTA, dIpaka dehaprabhA Adi kA bhI pItavarNa nirUpita hai| kRSNavarNa kA prayoga megha, zaila, samudra paMka, keza, mithyAtva aura andhakAra ke nirUpaNa meM kiyA hai| pAMDuvarNa kA ullekha candaNapANDuraM (640) aura kAmiNI gaNDapaNDasyando (318) meM hayA hai| ina vargoM ke atirikta paMcavarNa ke puSpoM (784, 974 tathA 667) kA ullekha bhI pAyA hai| ina laukika raMgoM ke alAvA divyavarNa bhI AyA hai tathA kRSNa, nIla, lohita, pIta aura zukla ina paMca varSoM se rahita anirvacanIya raMga yA raMgAbhAva kI (pR0 976) sthiti bhI citrita hai| 2 / bhAvapakSa-- jIvana kA vaha asIma aura cirantana satya, jo parivartana kI laharoM meM apanI kSaNika abhivyakti karatA rahatA hai, apane vyakta aura avyakta donoM hI rUpoM kI ekatA lekara sAhitya ke bhAvapakSa meM abhivyakta hotA hai| tathya yaha hai ki kavi kI saMskArajanya pratibhA jIvana ke vividha vAtAvaraNoM ke mArmika citroM ko prAtmasAt karatI rahatI hai| manovegoM ke kisI vizeSa udreka dvArA ye ekatrita citra vAgdhArA ke mAdhyama se sAhitya kA nirmANa karate haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhAvapakSa se tAtparya sAhitya ke antaraMga se hai, ise eka prakAra se AtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| bhAvapakSa kA sarvazreSTha svarUpa rasaniSpatti hai / bhAva rasakoTi para pahuMcakara hI AsvAdya banate haiN| phalataH sAhitya ke antara meM bhAva kI pratiSThA hai| rasaniSpatti bhI pradhAnataH bhAvanA ke paripoSaNa aura usake AsvAdana para avalambita haiN| ___ bhAvapakSa meM eka anya tattva kalpanA bhI hai / kalpanA kA lakSya hai apUrva kI sthaapnaa| rUpaka aura pratIka ye do kalpanA ke pramukha upakaraNa hai| inakI yojanA se vastu-satya prabhAvazIla aura manorama banatA hai| jIvana kI ghaTanAoM aura anubhUtiyoM kA pRthakkaraNa aura unakI viziSTa mUtti ke hetu unakA svatantra rUpa se saMyoga kalpanA kA kAma hai / kuzala kalAkAra bhAva-pakSa meM bhAva aura kalpanA ina donoM kA samucita prayoga karatA hai| saundarya bodha se bhAvanAeM uddIpta hotI hai aura buddhi vyApAra dvArA ina bhAvanAoM meM vyavasthA, krama aura maryAdA sthApita hotI hai / haribhadra ke bhAvapakSa ke antargata nimna bAteM vicAraNIya hai :-- (1) rasAnubhUti aura rasaparipAka / (2) vyAya kI sthiti / (3) samAjazAstrIya tathya / 1 / rasAnubhUti aura rasaparipAka--rasa kI niSpatti bhAvoM ke vividha svarUpoM ke sammizraNa se hotI hai / kavi ne rasaparipAka dvArA pAThakoM ko rasAnubhUti utpanna karAne meM saphalatA prApta kI hai / samarAiccakahA dharmakathA grantha hai / ataH isameM mukhya rasa zAnta rasa hI hai, para gauNarUpa se zRMgAra, vIra, raudra aura bhayAnaka rasa kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai| prAcArya haribhadra ne saMsAra se atyanta nirveda dikhalA kara athavA tattvajJAna dvArA vairAgya kA utkarSa prakaTa kara zAnta rasa kI pratIti karAyI hai| yahAM Alambana rUpa meM saMsAra kI asAratA kA bodha yA Atmatava kI pratIti citrita hai| samarAditya apane nau bhavoM meM saMsAra kI viSamatAoM, svArthoM aura usakI sArahInatA kA anubhava kara virakti dhAraNa karatA hai| uddIpana rUpa meM usakA kisI prAcArya ke saMparka meM pahu~canA, unakA dharmopadeza

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335. sunanA tathA sAMsArika jhaMjhaToM kA AnA prabhRti haiM / saMsAra ko kSaNabhaMgaratA, karma ke vividha phala, tyAga kI tatparatA Adi anubhAva haiM / nirveda yA zama sthAyI bhAva ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM / dhRti, mati, harSa, udvega, glAni, dainya, prasUyA, nirveda, stabdha prabhRti saMcArI bhAva vidyamAna haiM / ataH samasta grantha meM AdyopAnta zAnta rasa kA sAmrAjya hai / haribhadra jaise kuzala kalAkAra prAnta zAnta rasa ke vyApta rahane para bhI zRMgAra kI yojanA meM kisI satkavi se pIche nahIM haiM / samarAiccakahA meM zRMgAra rasa ke donoM pakSoM kA sundara citraNa huA hai / siMhakumAra aura kusumAvalI ke prathama sAkSAtkAra ke anantara viyoga kI avasthA meM jo nAnA bhAva taraMgeM uThatI haiM, unakA atyanta mArmika citraNa hai / sahajatA aura svAbhAvikatA se umar3ate-ghumar3ate hue bhAvoM ko pUrNa mAmikatA tathA prabhaviSNutA ke sAtha saMkSepa meM abhivyakta kara dene kI kalA meM kavi pUrNa niSNAta hai / afai vilAsavatI kI virahAvasthA kA citraNa karate hue batAyA hai nimiyA sahiyAhi ucchaMgasayaNijje, vIjiyA mae bAhasalilasitteNa tAliyaNTaNa, dinnaM ca se sahAvasIyalavacchatthalaMmi candaNaM, uvaNIo muNAliyAvalayahAro, laddhA kahavi tIe ceyaNA, ummilliyaM aladdhaniddAkkha yapADalaM loyaNajayaM / uparyukta gadyakhaMDa meM viyoga kI sabhI avasthAoM kA citraNa huA hai / abhilASA, cintA, smaraNa, guNakathana, udvega, unmAda, pralApa, vyAdhi aura jar3atA kA sundara citraNa hai / vilAsavatI ke hRdaya meM sanatkumAra ko prathama sAkSAtkAra ke anantara hI prema aMkurita ho jAtA hai / vaha usakI prApti kI abhilASA karatI haiM, usake guNoM kA smaraNa tathA usake rUpa kA cintana karatI hai / madanalekhA sakhi se vaha kumAra ke guNoM prApti ke liye usake mana meM udvega bar3hatA hai, vaha durbala aura viSAda, utkaMThA, kRzatA aura vyAdhi Adi saMcArI bhAva bhI vidya bar3hane para pralApa aura mUrchA kI sthiti AtI hai, sakhiyAM santApaupacAra karatI haiM / usakI bhI dainika kriyAyeM banda ho jAtI kA kathana karatI haiM / vivarNa ho jAtI haiN| mAna haiN| udvega ke zAnti ke liye nAnA haiM / vilAsavatI kI viyogAvasthA ke citraNa se spaSTa hai ki prAcArya haribhadra ne viyoga zrRMgAra kA yaha citraNa alaMkAra zAstra kI paddhati para kiyA hai / kusumAvalI kI viyogajanya dazA bhI isI prakAra kI varNita haiM / isa viyoga kA AlaMbana to nAyaka hI hai, kintu uddIpana ke rUpa meM vasanta kA bar3A hRdayagrAhya citraNa kiyA hai / pUrvarAga kA bahuta hI marmasparzI varNana kara kavi na ratibhAva ko puSTa kiyA hai / haribhadra ne pratyakSa darzana ke atirikta citradarzana aura guNazravaNa kA bhI sundara nirUpaNa kiyA / ratnavatI kA citra lekara citra aura sambhUti ayodhyA Ate haiM aura kumAra guNacandra ko ratnavatI kA citra dikhalA kara anurakta karate haiM / ratnavatI ke hRdaya maiM bhI kumAra ke citradarzana se hI anurAga utpanna hotA hai / kavi ne ratnavatI kI viyogAvasthA kA sarasa citraNa kiyA hai / samaddhAsiyA araIe, gahiyA raNaraNaeNaM, aMgIkayA sunnayAe, paDivannA viyAre hi, zrotthayA mayaNajaraeNa 1 to sA "sIsaM maM dukkhaI" tti sAhiUNa sahiyaNassa uvagayA saryANijjaM / tattha uNa pavaDaDhamANAe viyambhiyAe zraNavarayamuvvatamANe NamaMgaNaM zrApaNDuraehi gaNDapAsaehi vapphapajjAulAe diTThIe zraddhAsAsavIsambhaM jAva thevavelaM ciTThai - 1 1 sa0, pR0 2 -- vahI, pR0 375 / 763-64 //

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isase spaSTa hai ki kavi viyoga zrRMgAra ke varNana karate samaya viyoga kI sabhI dazAoM kA nirUpaNa karatA hai / saMyoga zRMgAra kA vivecana bhI bar3I paTutA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| kavi eka nAyikA ke suratasukha kA nirUpaNa karatA huA kahatA hai-- surayamaNassa raihare niyambabhamiraM bahU dhuyakaraggA // takkhaNavuttavivAhA varayassa karaM nivAre i ||--pR0 752, aSTama bha0 navor3hA badhU ratigRha meM surata karane kI icchAvAle nAyaka dvArA nitamba para pherate hue hAtha ko apanA hastAna hilAkara manA kara rahI hai / bhAviyaraisArarasA samANiuM mukkabahalasikkArA / na tarai vivarIyarayaM NiyaMbabhArAlasA sAmA ||--pR0 752 a0 bhava saMbhoga kara rati ke sArabhUta rasa kA anubhava kI huI tathA adhika sItkAra karatI huI nitamboM ke bhAra se pAlasayukta zyAmA nAyikA viparIta rati karane ke liye samartha nahIM hotii| viulaMmi mauliyacchI ghaNavIsambhassa sAmalI suiraM / vivarIyasurayasuhiyA, vIsamai uraMmi ramaNassa // --10 753, aSTa0 bhava viparIta surata se sukha pAyI huI zyAmA nAyikA netroM ko banda kara, pUrNa vizvasanIya nAyaka ke vizAla vakSasthala para bahuta samaya taka vizrAma karatI rahI / uparyukta tInoM hI padyoM meM saMyoga zrRMgAra kA sundara nirUpaNa hai / pAlambana, uddIpana, anubhAva aura saMcArI bhAvoM kA saMyoga bar3e sundara rUpa meM huA hai / vIra rasa kA nirUpaNa yuddha ke prasaMga meM tIna bAra AyA hai| tyAgavIra, dharmavIra aura dayAvIra ke kathana to prAyaH samasta samarAiccakahA meM vartamAna hai / subuddha pAtra jhaTakA lagate hI sarvasva tyAga kara zramaNa bana jAte haiN| vIrarasa kA sthAyI bhAva utsAha sarvatra vyApta rahatA hai| isI bhAva ke kAraNa pAtra dAna, dharma, tapa, aura tyAga meM Asakta rahate haiN| mAna bhaMga dvArA sImA atikramaNa ke samAcAra sunakara kumAra guNasena prAgababUlA ho jAtA hai| samarabhUmi meM calane ke liye senA taiyAra hone lagatI hai / hAthI senA, ghar3asavAra senA, ratha senA aura padAtisenA kA sajIva aura mUttimAna rUpa upasthita kara vIrarasa kI pratimA khar3I kara dii| isa prasaMga meM mAnabhaMga pAlambana hai, usake AkramaNa kA samAcAra uddIpana hai / sAmantoM ke garvasUcaka vAkya anubhAva tathA zatru se morcA lene ke liye dharya aura AtmavizvAsa saMcArI hai / phala yaha huA ki yuddha ke nagAr3oM para coTa par3I, anya bAje baja uThe / senA astra-zastra se sajjita ho prasthAna kI taiyArI karane lgii| kavi ne utsAha kI vyaMjanA bar3e sundara rUpa meM kI hai / / to rAiNA evaM sudUsahaM vayaNamAyaNNiUNa. .. . / jahA deha turiyaM payANayapaDahaM, sajjeha dujjayaM karibalaM--nisiyakaravAla kontasoyAmaNisaNA haM-- narindasAhaNaM ti |--s0 pR0 27-28, pra0 bhava /

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sanatkumAra aura vidyAdharoM ke madhya meM hue yuddha kA varNana bhI bahuta hI projasvI aura sajIva hai| vANavarSA kA bahuta hI cubhatA citraNa kiyA hai-- prAyaNNAyaDDhiyajIvakoDicakkaliyacAvamuhi / apphuNaM gayaNayalaM sarehi ghaNajalaharehiM v| annonnAvaDaNakhaNakkhaNantakaravAlanivahasaMjaNiyo / taDiniyaro vva samantA vipphuriyo sihiphuliMgoho ||--s0 pR0 467, paM0 bhava yuddha bhUmi meM vIroM kI darpoktiyAM--"ki supro tae kesarisiyAlANa vivAno tti / -- samAgayA niyANavelA, tA bhaNissanti ee samarasahAsayA surasiddhavijjAharA, ko ettha siyAlo, ko vA ke sari ti" pR0 468 bhI sunAyI par3atI hai, jo yuddhabhUmi meM utsAha kA saMvarddhana karatI hai| ___ vIra rasa ke prasaMga meM raudra rasa ke udAharaNa bhI samAviSTa hai| zatru ke AkramaNa kI carcA sunate hI krodha kI bhAvanA upasthita ho jAtI hai, para yaha krodha utsAha mizrita hone ke kAraNa vIrarasa kA janaka mAnA jaaygaa| raudra meM sAtvika krodha nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| raudra rasa kA pAlaMbana aristra kahA gayA hai / / samarAiccakahA meM bIbhatsarasa kA varNana kAtyAyanI devI ke mandira meM bali ke avasara para kiyA gayA hai| yahAM naramaNDa, kabaMdha, rakta, mAMsa Adi ke citrAMkana kiye hai| isa dRzya ke avalokana karate hI jugupsA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| yahAM zava, carbI, mAMsa, rudhira Adi ghRNotpAdaka vastueM pAlambana hai| uddIpana ke antargata bali ke nimitta pAe hue vyaktiyoM kA chaTapaTAnA, kutsita raMga rUpa Adi Ate haiN| Avega, moha, jar3atA, vyAdhi, vaivarNya, unmAda, nirveda, glAni, aura dainya Adi saMcArI bhAvoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hote haiN| prasaMga darzanIya hai-- mayaNAhavayaNabhIsaNaviraiyapAyArasiharasaMghAyaM / uttuMgaveNulambiyadIharapoNDariyakattijhayaM // viyaDagayadantanimmiyabhittisamukkinnasalasaMghAyaM / takkhaNamettukkattiyacammasamocchaiyagabbhaharaM // purisavasAparipUriyakavAlapajjaliyamaMgalapaIvaM / DajjhantavillaguggulupaviyambhiyadhUmasaMghAyaM ||--pR0 531, SaSTha bhava uparyukta padyoM meM pAlambana, uddIpana aura saMcArIbhAvoM se puSTa jugutsA bIbhatsarasa kI niSpatti kara rahA hai / satya yaha hai ki isa sthala para uThane vAlA ghRNAbhAva sthAyI hai| isase bIbhatsa rasa vyaMgya hai / samarAiccakahA meM haribhadra ne mantra-tantra kI vilakSaNa karAmAteM aura paTa, galikA Adi ke camatkAra aneka sthaloM para aMkita kiye haiN| vidyAdharoM kI vibhinna prakAra kI siddhiyAM, vidyAoM dvArA nAnA prakAra ke camatkAra ullikhita kiye haiN| inameM adhikAMza sthaloM para kevala pAlambana se hI kAma cala gayA hai aura kahIM-kahIM adbhuta rasa kA pUrA paripAka bhI huA hai| batAyA gayA hai-- __kumAra, sakouyaM ti kariUNa gaNhAhi eyaM nayaNamohayAbhihANapaDarayaNa ti, mae bhaNiyaM "kIisaM kougaM" ti / tena bhaNiyaM, imeNa pacchAiya-sarIro na dIsai nayahi puriso tti |--sN0 pR0 400, paMcama bhava / isI prasaMga meM Age Ananda puravAsI siddhasena nAma ke maMtra kA nAma bhI pAyA hai / manorathadatta ne apane mitra sanatkumAra ko isake camatkAroM kI carcA kI thii| manorathadatta 22 --22 eDa0

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338 kahatA haiM ki maiMne eka dina usa maMtrajJa se camatkAra dikhalAne kI icchA vyakta kI / vaha sandhyAkAla ke uparAnta sarSapamaMDala banAkara mere sAtha preta bana meM phuNcaa| vahAM usane eka maMDala banAyA aura agni prajjvalita kii| usane mantra jApa Arambha kiyA / thor3e samaya ke anantara vahAM eka apratima sundarI yakSa kanyA prAdurbhUta huI, jo gale meM parijAta puSpoM kI mAlA pahane thI / usane prAte hI kahA- mujhe bulAne kA kyA kAraNa haiM ? mantrajJa ne uttara diyA -- merA yaha priya mitra camatkAra dekhanA cAhatA hai / ataH ise divya darzana da ekara camatkRta kareM / usa yakSakanyA ne apane alaukika darzana dvArA camatkRta kiyA tathA nayanamohana nAmaka paTaratna ko dekhakara vaha tirohita ho gayI / isI prakAra vidyAdhara ke vidyA prayoga se vilAsavatI kA ajagara dvArA bhakSaNa aura citra mayUra dvArA hAra kA bhakSaNa ( 626-627), yakSiNI kA manuSya strI rUpa dhAraNa kara dhokhA denA ( 823 - 824), utpalA nAmaka parivrAjikA kA uccATana prayoga (828) zrAdi sthaloM meM adbhuta rasa kA sundara paripAka huA haiM / adbhuta rasa meM haribhadra ne lokotaratA kA acchA samAveza kiyA hai / vismaya yA adbhuta kI sahaja pravRtti jijJAsA ha~ / padmAvatI aTavI aura kAdambarI aTavI ke citraNa meM kavi ne bhayAnaka rasa kA sundara paripAka kiyA hai| yahAM ke khUMkhAra jAnavara aura zUnyazAna ekAntamaya saMcAra kA bahuta bar3A hetu hai / 2vyaMgya kI sthiti -- haribhadra ne jisa prakAra rasAnubhUti ke liye samarAiccakahA kA sRjana kiyA hai, usI prakAra vyaMgya kA yathArtha rUpa pradarzita karane ke liye dhUrttAkhyAna kA / sArvajanika jar3atA, ajJAnatA athavA pApoM kA upahAsa aura bhartsanA ke sAtha virodha karane ke liye vyaMgya kA prayoga kiyA hai / eka sthAna para batAyA gayA hai ki vyaMgya kA prayoga kaviyoM ne pApa, jar3atA, ziSTatA aura kurIti ko prakAza meM lAne, unakI nindA aura upahAsa karane ke liye kiyA haiM / kurIti aura anAcAra ke mUloccheda ke liye vyaMgya se bar3ha kara dUsarA koI astra nahIM hai / zipale ne apane zabdakoSa meM likhA hai ki vyaMgya mAnavI durbalatAoM kI nindApUrNa kaTu AlocanA hai / isakA uddezya haiM pracAra aura saundarya ke bhAva kA udreka kara sudhAra lAnA / afa zranya upAyoM se bhI sAmAjika doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karate haiM, parantu vyaMgya meM nirAkaraNa karane kA svara aura Tekanika kucha bhinna hai / caimbarsa enasAiklopIDiyA meM batAyA hai ki jaba sArvajanika bhartsanA ke bhAva meM kalpanA, buddhivilAsa aura jhir3akI ke bhAva mila jAte haiM, taba vahAM vyaMgya utpanna hotA hai / "kisI bhI prakAra kA sAmAjika jIvana vyaMgya kA upayukta kSetra bana sakatA hai / jaba svAbhAvikatA asvAbhAvikatA kA parihAsa karatI hai, taba vyaMgya kI sthiti utpanna hotI hai / vyaMgya doSoM kA parimArjana kara sudhAra aura zodhana karatA hai / vyaMgya se kaTatA nahIM bar3hatI hai, balki samAja yA vyakti kA pariSkAra hotA hai / vyaMgya gatyAtmaka aura upadezAtmaka donoM hI prakAra kA ho sakatA haiN| 1 - sa0, pR0 401-402 / 2- dekheM e nyU iMgaliza DikzanarI oNpha hisTorikala prinsipulsa, bhAga 8, pR0 116 | 3 -- DikzanarI Apha varlDa liTarerI Tarmsa, pR0 502 / 4 -- caimbarsa enasA0 navIna saM0 ji0 12 /

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336 haribhadra kI dRSTi meM AkSepa yA nindA karane kI apekSA vyaMgya eka aisA sAdhana haiM, jo binA kisI hAni ke doSo ke doSoM kA parimArjana karatA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki manuSya apanI haMsI sahana nahIM karatA hai, ataH jina doSoM ke kAraNa dUsare loga haMsate haiM, una doSoM kA vaha parimArjana karanA cAhatA hai ; saundarya bhAva ka mAdhyama se upahAsa ke nimitta jaba sAmayika doSa yA jar3atA kI kalpanAtmaka vivecanA ko niyamAnukUla eka prAkAra prApta hotA hai, taba vyaMgya kalA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / vyaMgya kA sabase adhika vaibhava sAhitya meM pAyA jAtA hai / vyaMgya mUlataH do prakAra kA haiM. -- sarala aura vakra | sarala yA sIdhe rUpa meM vyaMgya kA prayoga karane vAlA lekhaka upadezaka se kucha hI Age rahatA hai / jaba koI lekhaka vakra vyaMgya kA prayoga karatA hai taba lekhaka apane AkramaNa ke viSaya ko eka aisI hAsyAspada sthiti meM lA paTakatA hai, jahAM aparAdhI ke aparAdha kA parimArjana saMbhava hotA hai / vyaMgya usI yaga meM adhika saphala ho sakatA hai, jisameM naitikatA aura ziSTAcAra ke prati janatA meM paryApta jAgarUkatA rahatI hU~ / yaha satya hai ki kAvya meM vyaMgya rahane se usakI AtmA kA vistAra hotA ha~ / haribhadra ne dhUrttAkhyAna meM vakra vyaMgya kI sundara yojanA kI haiN| purANoM kI asaMbhava aura prabuddhigamya bAtoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke liye unhoMne dhUrta goSThI kA prAyojana kiyA hai / isa goSThI meM mUladeva, kaMDarIka, elASADha aura zaza ina cAra puruSoM ke atirikta khaMDapAnA nAma kI mahilA bhI sammilita hai / itanA hI nahIM, inameM se pratyeka ke pAMca-pAMca sau zranucara bhI haiM / varSAkAla meM eka dina ve ujjainI nagarI ke bAhara udyAna meM jAkara gappa cher3ate haiM / sabase pahale mUladeva apane anubhava sunAtA hai aura dUsare loga usake kathana kI prAcIna prAkhyAnoM dvArA puSTi karate haiM / isa zrAkhyAna dvArA haribhadra ne nimna prasaMgoM para vyaMgya kiyA hai :-- (1) brahmA ke mukha, bhujA, jaMghA aura pairoM se sRSTi kI utpatti sambandhI mAnyatA / (2) prAkRtika dRSTi se kalpita kiye gaye janmoM kI mAnyatA / (3) ziva kA jaTAoM meM eka hajAra divya varSa taka gaMgA kA dhAraNa karanA / (4) RSiyoM aura devatAoM ke asaMbhava aura vikRta rUpa kI mAnyatA / isI prakAra dvitIya prAkhyAna meM - (1) aNDe se sRSTi utpatti kI mAnyatA / (2) akhila vizva kA devoM ke mukha meM nivAsa / (3) draupadI ke svayaMvara ke avasara para eka hI dhanuSa meM parvata, sarpa, zragni Adi kA samAropa | ( 4 ) jaTAyu, hanumAna Adi ke janma kI asaMbhava aura mithyA mAnyatAyeM / tRtIya AkhyAna meM -- (1) jamadagni aura parazurAma sambandhI avizvasanIya mAnyatAeM / (2) jarAsandha ke svarUpa kI mithyA kalpanA / (3) hanumAna dvArA sUrya kA bhakSaNa karanA / ( 4 ) skanda kI utpatti sambandhI sambhava kalpanA / (5) rAhu dvArA candragrahaNa kI vikRta kalpanA / (6) vAmanAvatAra aura varAhAvatAra kI mAnyatAeM /

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340 caturtha AkhyAna meM-- (1) rAvaNa aura kumbhakarNa sambandhI mithyA mAnyatAeM / (2) agastya RSi dvArA samudrapAna kI kalpanA / (3) kadrU aura vinatA ke upAkhyAna / (4) samudra para parvatakhaMDoM se vAnaroM dvArA setu kalpanA / paMcama pAkhyAna meM-- (1) vyAsa RSi ke janma kI mAnyatA / (2) pAMDavoM ke aprAkRtika janma kI kalpanA / (3) ziva liMga kI anantatA sambandhI kalpanA / (4) hanumAna kI pUMcha kI asAdhAraNa lambAI sambandhI maanytaa| (5) gandhArikAvara rAjA kA manuSya zarIra chor3akara araNya meM kurabaka vRkSarUpa ho jAne kI asaMbhava kalpanA / - isa prakAra haribhadra ne uparyukta asaMbhava bAtoM kA vyaMgya dvArA nirAkaraNa kiyA vyaMgya sAhitya kI paramparA prAcIna kAla se hI upalabdha hai| bhAratIya manISA sAmAjika asaMgatiyoM aura asvAsthyakara bAtoM ke prati vyaMgyAtmaka saMketa karane meM sadA sajaga rahI hai| vyaMgyAtmaka kRtiyoM meM dhArmika vAtAvaraNa kA abhAva rahane se adhikAMza prAcIna vyaMgya kRtiyAM samaya ke garbha meM samAhita ho gayI hai| dazakumAracarita saMskRta kA viziSTa kathAgrantha hai| sthApatya aura ghaTanAoM kI nUtanatA ke kAraNa yaha paramparA kA anukaraNa nahIM karatA hai| samAja kA jIvanta aura yathArtha citraNa isa kRti meM kiyA gayA hai| kavi daMDI ne vyaMgya-zailI kA prayoga kara samAja ko svastha banAne kI ceSTA kI hai| isI grantha ke samAna macchakaTika nATaka bhI sAmAjika burAiyoM aura kutsita paramparAoM kA parimArjana kara samAja ko pariSkRta banAne meM sahAyaka hai / dAmodaragupta (I0 776--813 I0) ne kuTTinImata aura kSemendra ne (11vIM I0 zatI) samaya mAtRka likhakara vyaMgyazailI ko praur3hatA pradAna kI hai| kula, dhana, vidyA, rUpa, zaurya aura dAna Adi para AdhArita kathAoM dvArA sAmAjika ahaM para vyaMgya kiyA hai| kSemendra kI dRSTi baDI painI hai| inakA kazAghAta bhI puSpamAlA ke samAna pratIta hotA hai / / nATakoM meM bhANa aura prahasana meM to vyaMgya tattva sanniviSTa rahate haiN| dhUkhyiAna kA vyaMgya aAkramaNAtmaka nahIM hai aura na isameM kazAghAta hI pAyA jAtA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra ne paurANika mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke liye vyaMgya kI sundara yojanA kI hai| inakA vyaMgya aAnanda aura ullAsa kI sRSTi ke sAtha purANoM ke ativAda kA avarodha karatA hai / samAjazAstrIya tattva haribhadra ke sAhitya ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki saccaritra vyaktiyoM ke binA samAja kA uttama gaThana nahIM ho sakatA hai / utkRSTa samAja racanA ke liye haribhadra ke anusAra naitika aura caritraniSTha vyaktiyoM kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki zreSTha samAja racanA ke liye acche rAjya niyama banAne yA vyaktiyoM ke adhikAroM kI

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341 vyAkhyA karane kI apekSA udAtta bhAvanAoM, svAbhAvika snehasUtroM aura sadAcAra kA prasAra Avazyaka haiN| hArdika evaM nizchala premabhAva, prakRtrima niHsvArtha, sahakAritA aura prAntarika dRr3hatA bhArata meM dharma aura samAja racanA kI AdhArazilA hai / haribhadra kI dRSTi mAnava ko bhautika aiSaNAoM ke adhIna aura manuSya dvArA racita vyavasthAoM se jakar3A huA nahIM mAnatI / vyakti svAtantrya para unakI avicala niSThA hai / paMcANuvratoM ke samyaka pAlana, jIvana ke cAroM puruSArthoM ko samyak rUpa se aMgIkRta karane se artha tathA aizvarya kI prApti, usakA samucita upabhoga -- dAna Adi dvArA vyaya, karttavya pAlana (dharma) aura grAtmasAkSAtkAra se prApta ho sakatI hai / para yaha svatantratA dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM kA jo avirodha rUpa se sevana karatA haiM, usIkA zrAcaraNa santulita rahatA hai / dharma se saMsAra aura samAja kI dhAraNA hotI haiM aura dharma kA sthAyI bhAva hI manuSya kI prakRti pradatta sthira vAsanAtroM aura prakRtiyoM ko zAzvata mUlya aura mahattva pradAna karatA hai / ina prakRtiyoM aura icchAtroM ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAlI karma preraNA aura sphUrti vAstava meM eka devI zakti hai, kyoMki usameM kAma, krodha, lobha, mAyA Adi vikArI pravRttiyAM naSTa ho jAtI haiM / dharma yA karttavya meM bAdhaka na hone vAlA vivAha, parivAra, dhana aura sukha prApti kI icchAeM vAstavika aura divya hotI haiM / paMcANuvrata, dainika karttavyapAlana, vikAra nigraha aura sahiSNutA se hI hamArI samAja racanA aura samAja saMgaThana ke mahAn siddhAntoM kA janma huA hai / siddhAnta yaha hai ki saMskAra, samAja ke prati karttavyapAlana evaM udAra dAyitvapUrNa zrAcAra-vyavahAra se manuSya ke sthAna, usake adhikAra aura usakI pratiSThA kA nirNaya hotA hai / sAMsArika saMpatti yA aizvarya vitaraNa ke viSaya meM haribhadra kA siddhAnta yaha hai ki dAna dene hI saMpatti zuddha hotI hai / jo vyakti dAna kiye binA sampatti kA upabhoga karatA hai, vaha cora ke samAna daMDanIya hai / dAna kI sAmAjika vyavasthA ke sambandha meM samarAiccakahA ma batalAyA hai -- loe salAhaNijjo so u naro dINapaNaivaggassa / jo dei niyabhuyaMjiyamapatthizro davvasaMghAyaM // -- sa0 pR0 240 arthAt nijabhujopArjita dhana meM se dona aura prazritajanoM ko binA yAcanA ke hI dAna denA cAhiye / isI prakAra vyakti ke kArya ke sambandha meM haribhadra kA mata hai ki zrama karanA pratyeka vyakti kA parama karttavya hai / pratyeka sthiti ke vyakti kA apanA-apanA karmakSetra alagaalaga hotA hai aura vaha apane guNa-svabhAva ke anusAra apane kartavya meM rata rahakara At a yaktika ra sAmAjika kAryoM ko saMpanna kara sakatA hai / aparigraha kI pravRtti dvArA dhana ke samAna vitaraNa ko samApta kara samAja meM samata sthApita karane kA prayAsa haribhadra ne kiyA hai / vyakti kI koI bhI kiyA apane svArtha kI pUrti ke liye na hokara samAja ke vikAsa ke liye honI cAhiye / samasta samAja ke svArtha ko apane bhItara samAviSTa kara pravRtti karane se samAja meM sakha-zAnti sthApita kI jA sakatI hai / samAja vyavasthA ke liye zrAvazyaka upAdAna vizvaprema aura zrahiMsA haiM / ina siddhAntoM se ho vibhinna daloM, vargoM aura jAtiyoM meM premabhAva sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai / adhikArApaharaNa aura karttavya zravahelanA samAja ke liye vighAtaka haiM / ataH jo jIvana haMsA ko apanA letA hai, vahI zreSTha samAja - sadasya ho sakatA hai / vAstavikatA

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342 yaha hai ki manuSya meM do prakAra kA bala hotA hai--prAdhyAtmika aura zArIrika / ahiMsA manuSya ko prAdhyAtmika bala pradAna karatI hai| dharya, kSamA, saMyama, tapa, dayA, yoga prabhati prAcaraNa ahiMsA ke rUpa hai| kaSTa yA vipatti ke A jAne para use sama bhAva se sahanA , hAya-hAya nahIM karanA, cittavRttiyoM kA saMyama na karanA evaM saba prakAra se kaSTa sahiSNa bananA ahiMsA hai, yaha Atmabala kA pratIka hai| yaha vaha zakti hai jisake prakaTa ho jAne para vyakti kaSToM ke pahAr3oM ko bhI cUra-cUra kara Age bar3hatA hai / kSamAzIla aura kaSTasahiSNu ho jAne para vyakti ke vyaktitva kA vikAsa hotA hai / / niraMkuza aura ucchaMkhala bhogavRtti hiMsA hai| hiMsaka vyakti kA prAcaraNa atyanta krUra hotA hai| vaha apane AcaraNa aura vyavahAra dvArA sadA samAja ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA rahatA hai / svArtha se Upara uThane para hI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA AtI hai| jaba taka vyaktimAtra apanA hI svArtha aura hita dekhatA rahatA hai, taba taka vaha hiMsA kI sImA se bAhara nahIM nikalatA hai| ataH dRSTikoNa ko udAra banA kara vicArasahiSNu bananA vyakti ke liye paramAvazyaka hai| jo vyakti samAja kalyANa aura samAja gaThana kI bhAvanA ko apane jIvana meM mahatva nahIM detA hai, vaha samAja kA acchA sadasya nahIM hai| sahayoga aura sahakAritA samAja gaThana kA pramukha siddhAnta hai / haribhadra ne apanI kathA ke pAtroM meM acche-acche karmaTha sahayogiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / manorathadatta, aura vasubhUti jaise sahayogI vyakti samAja ko saMgaThita karane meM sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| haribhadra ko samAja-racanA ke nimnalikhita pramukha siddhAnta hai:-- (1) saccaritra vyaktiyoM ke nirmANa kA prayatna / svastha samAja ke liye jJAnI aura caritraniSTha vyaktiyoM kI AvazyakatA / (2) parigrahaparimANavata--samAjavAda yA AvazyakatAnusAra saMcaya, zeSa ke tyAga dvArA samasta mAnava samAja meM samatA sthApita karanA / (3) jAtigata bhedabhAva ko dUra karake mAnavamAtra kI samatA kI udghoSaNA / __ janmajAta jAti kI apekSA AcaraNa ko mahattva denA tathA jAtimAtra se kisI ko bhI hIna na smjhnaa| (4) anyAyopAjita vitta kA niSedha / (5) nyAyopArjita vitta kA dAna denA aura samAja ke pratyeka kArya meM sahayoga / (6) udAra dRSTikoNa kA AvirbhAva / (7) nicale stara kI asabhya, jaMgalI yA zikArI jAtiyoM meM bhI pUrNa mAnavatA kA vikAsa / cAMDAla jaisI jAti meM karuNA, dayA, mamatA kA saMcAra kara unake caritra ko udAtta dharAtala para pratiSThita kara jAtivAda kI khAI ko dUra kiyA hai| khaMgila ke liye kahA gayA hai-- "na esa kammacAMDAlo, kintu jAicaNDAlo" (saM0 10 261) / ataH jAti vyavasthA ko lauha zRMkhalA kA vighaTana aura caritra kI mahattA / (8) tIbra dharma bhAvanA jAgrata karake varga vidveSa ukasAne kI apekSA ekatA aura rASTrIyatA kA vikAsa, vargahIna samAja meM pragatizIla saMskRti ko prtisstthaa| (E) andhavizvAsoM kA apaharaNa / (10) uccanyAya dRSTi, mAnavatA aura premabhAva kA vikAsa /

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343 (11) paropakAra aura sahayoga kA vistAra / (12) niSkAma - nidAna rahita karma karane aura anukampApUrvaka mAnavajAti kI sevA karane kI nIti | (13) nimna se nimna varga ke vyakti kI mAnavatA, gaurava aura usakI pratiSThA ke prati AdarabhAva rakhanA / (14) vicAroM kI samanvayatA -- vicAra sahiSNu bana kara anya vyakti ke vicAroM ko Adara denA / (15) loka paramparAoM kA nirvAha karate hue akhila mAnavatA ke vistRta hitoM kI rakSA karanA / (16) virodhI ke vicAra sunakara ghabar3AnA nahIM, apane vicAroM ke samAna anya ke vicAroM kA bhI Adara karanA tathA apane vicAroM para bhI tIbra AlocanAtmaka dRSTi rakhanA / ( 17 ) ahaMbhAva kA tyAga kara pralobhanoM ko jItanA / (18) sahAnubhUti guNa kA AvirbhAva kara mAnavamAtra kI yathAzakti sevA karanA / haribhadra ne apanI laghukathAoM meM bhI sarvatra pArivArika Adarza, vivAha, dharmasthAna, dharmacarcAeM, ToTake, zakuna (ToTemsa eMDa mithsa), andhavizvAsa paramparAeM, asAmAnya caritra, vibhinna rIti-rivAja aura AcAra ke vibhinna rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / bhAvazuddhi ke liye uddhRta sAdhuzIrSaka kathA (da0 hA0 pR0 73 ) meM samAja darzana ke antargata vibhinna ToTemsa ke AvirbhAva para saMketa kiyA hai / sarpa ko mArane kA niSedha kiyA, yataH vaha usa rAjA ko nAgakula se Akara putra rUpa meM utpanna hogA / samaya pAkara rAjA ko putra utpanna huA aura putra kA nAma nAgadatta rakhA gayA / bhaviSya meM usake parivAra yA vaMza kA koI bhI vyakti sarpa ko nahIM mAregA aura sabhI usakI pUjA Adara se kareMge / yaha sarpa unakI jAti ke liye eka ToTema ho gayA / eka stambha prAsAda (da0 hA0 pR0 81 ) meM eka aise andhavizvAsa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jisake anusAra vRkSa, nadI, pahAr3a, jharanA Adi meM kisI pretAtmA kA nivAsa mAnA jAtA hai / isa kathA meM vRkSavAsI vyantara ko prakaTa hone kI prArthanA kI gayI hai / hiMguziva (da0 hA0 pR0 87) meM eka avicAraNIya paramparA kA ullekha hai / adhikAMza loga andha ho paramparA kA anusaraNa karate haiM / isI paramparA ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa bhArata meM taiMtIsa karor3a devatAoM kI mAnyatA pracalita hai / sahAnubhUti zIrSaka laghukathA (da0 hA0 pR0 114 ) meM parivAra sambandhI sAmAjika darzana - saMketa milatA hai / samAjazAstrI mArga ke anusAra parivAra ke saMgaThana meM strI jAti kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / parivAra kI kendrabindu vahI hai / yadi strI naitika AcaraNa na kare to sampUrNa pArivArika saMghaTana vighaTita ho jAtA hai / prastuta kathA meM ullikhita vaNika bhAryA kA AcaraNa parivAra gaThana ke lie upayakta nahIM hai / subandhu vidroha zIrSaka (da0 hA0 pR0 182 ) meM sampatti vitaraNa ke niyama kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / samAja meM Arthika saMgaThana ke antargata kucha aise alikhita sAmAjika vidhAna hote haiM, jinake anusAra sampatti kA vibhAjana huA karatA hai / jaba parivAra kA mukhiyA sampatti kI dekhabhAla nahIM kara pAtA, to vaha apanI sArI sampatti ko apane parivAra ke sadasyoM meM vibhakta kara detA hai / prazAsana sambandhI niyama pracalita hone ke pahale hI yaha sAmAjika vidhAna vartamAna thA / samAjazAstriyoM ne isa sAmAjika niyama ko lA grApha inaherITensa kahA hu~ / ucita upAya zIrSaka (da0 hA0 pR0 80 ) meM par3osa

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ke siddhAMta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jo vyakti par3osI ko kaSTa dekara svayaM sukhI honA cAhatA hai, vaha kabhI bhI sukha-zAMti nahIM prApta kara sakatA hai / isa kathA meM gAndharva aura vaNikaputra ke jhagar3e kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / haribhadra bhI par3osa ke siddhAnta se pUrNa paricita the| par3osI yA nikaTavartI vyakti kI asuvidhAoM kA dhyAna rakhanA pratyeka samajhadAra vyakti kA kartavya hai| cAramitra zIrSaka (da0 hA0 pR0 214) meM sahayoga aura sahakAritA para sundara prakAza DAlA gayA hai / ina laghukathAoM meM sAmAjika parivartana kI dizAoM kA saMketa bhI milatA hai| grAmya saMskRti aura nAgarika saMskRti meM abhivyakta bhaugolika aura jaivika sthiti kA prAMcalika aura prAkRtika citraNa bhI ina kathAoM meM vartamAna hai| vyakti kI sAmAjika dhAraNAeM, jo jAti, deza, samAja, sAmAjika uddezya Adi ke prati hotI haiM, unakA nidarzana bhI ina kathAoM meM vidyamAna sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM kI sthiti kA vizleSaNa haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA meM vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai| zakuna, apazakuna, andhavizvAsa aura paramparAeM, mantra-tantra para vizvAsa prAdi kA nirUpaNa bhI vistArapUrvaka pAyA jAtA hai / ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha tathA ina vratoM meM hone vAle doSoM kA nirUpaNa prAcAra kI daSTi se kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| para nArI ke prati sanatkumAra kA yaha kathana--"na ya vihAya calaNabandaNaM" (sa0 pR0 386) samAja kA udAtta aura bhavyarUpa upasthita karatA hai / __ samAjatattva ke atirikta haribhadra kI kathAoM meM bhAvapakSa ke antargata caritra vizleSaNa Adi bhI grahaNa kiye jA sakate haiM, para inakA nirUpaNa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai|

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345 navama prakaraNa haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA sAMskRtika vizleSaNa kathAta tva aura kAvyazAstrIya vizleSaNa ke anantara haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM kA sAMskRtika vizleSaNa karanA parama Avazyaka hai| kathAkAra apane samaya kA sajaga pratinidhi hotA hai, ataH usake samaya kI saMskRti kI amiTa chApa usakI kathAoM meM rahatI hai / haribhadra ne samarAiccakahA, dhUrtAkhyAna evaM anya laghukathAoM meM apane yuga kI saMskRti kA sajIva evaM spaSTa citrAMkana kiyA hai| ___ haribhadra ko prAkRta kathAnoM meM nirUpita saMskRti ke vivecana ke pUrva unake dvArA pratipAdita bhaugolika sImA ko avagata kara lenA adhika suvidhAjanaka hogA / yaha satya hai ki haribhadra kA kathA sAhitya bhArata ke bhaugolika jJAna kA bhaNDAra hai| isameM prAsAma, baMgAla, uttara pradeza, bihAra, rAjasthAna evaM saurASTra ke aneka mahattvapUrNa sthAnoM ke nirdeza ke atirikta cIna. siMhala aura kaTAvadIpa grATi ke bhI saspaSTa u upalabdha haiN| ataH haribhadra kI bhaugolika sImA ke nirdhAraNa evaM vizleSaNa dvArA yaha sahaja meM jAnA jA sakegA ki haribhadra kI kathAoM meM varNita saMskRti amuka sthAnIya haiM / haribhadra jaina sampradAya ke AcArya hai, ataH inake kathAkSetra kI bhaugolika sImA kA prAdhAra jaina sAhitya hai / samarAiccakahA ke pAtroM kA sambandha jambUdvIpa ke bharata aura airAvata evaM videha kSetroM se hai / yadyapi kathAoM meM Aye hue nagaroM ke nAmoM meM do eka ko chor3a zeSa sabhI nAma bhAratavarSa ke bhItara hI mila jAte haiM, to bhI jaina paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki haribhadra ne jitane vistRta bhUbhAga ko apanAyA hai, vaha Aja kI jJAta duniyA se bahuta bar3A hai / sabhI mahAdeza inakI sImA ke antargata samAviSTa hai| paurANika mAnyatA ko chor3a Aja ke bhUgola ko dRSTi meM rakhakara haribhadra kI bhArata sambandhI bhaugolika sImA pUrva meM kAmarUpa -prAsAma, pazcima meM hastinApura, dakSiNa meM saurASTra aura uttara meM himAlaya taka mAnI jA sakatI hai / isa sImA ke bAhara svarNa dvIpa-sumAtrA, cIna, siMhala aura mahAkaTAhadvIpa bhI Ate haiN| haribhadra ne itane vistRta bhUbhAga se apanI kathAoM ke pAtroM kA sambandha jor3A hai / ataH haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAnoM kI bhaugolika sAmagrI kA vargIkaraNa nimna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai: (1) prAkRtika bhuugol| (2) rAjanItika bhuugol| 1--prAkRtika bhUgola prakRti se jina vastuoM kI racanA huI hai, aura jinake nirmANa yA vikAsa meM manuSya kA koI hAtha nahIM hai, ve bhaugolika vastueM prAkRtika bhUgola kA varNya viSaya haiN| haribhadra kI sAmagrI ke anusAra isake nimna bheda haiM :-- (a) dvIpa aura kssetr| (prA) parvata / (i) ndiyaaN| (I) bandaragAha / (u) araNya aura vRkSa /

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(a) dvIpa aura kSetra haribhadra kI kathAoM meM jambUdvIpa, suvarNadvIpa, siMhaladvIpa, cInadvIpa aura mahAkaTAha dvIpoM ke nAma Ate haiM / 346 jambUdvIpa' -- madhyaloka meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa- samudroM meM bIca kA dvIpa eka lAkha mahAyojana vyAsa vAlA golavalaya ke AkAra kA hai / isake cAroM zrora lavaNasamudra aura madhya meM meru parvata hai / isameM bharata, haimavata, hari, videha, ramyaka, hai raNyavata aura airAvata sAta kSetra haiN| isameM pUrva se pazcima taka lambe himavata, mahAhimavata, niSedha, nIla, rukma aura zikharina ye chaH kulAcala parvata haiM / suvarNadvIpa'. -- prAjakala ise sumAtrA kahA jAtA hai / malaya upadvIpa aura cIna sAgara ko bhArata mahAsamudra se pRthaka rakhakara sumAtrA yenaMga kI eka samAnAntara rekhA se prArambha vaNTama kI samAntarAla rekhA taka vistRta hai / isakI lambAI 625 mIla aura caur3AI 60 mIla haiM / yahAM ke adhikAMza nivAsI malaya vaMzIya hai / AThavIM zatI ke pUrva yahAM zramaNa dharma kA bhI pracAra thA / isa bhUkhaNDa ko rAmAyaNa meM bhI suvarNadvIpa kahA gayA hai, para brahmANDa purANa meM isakA nAma malayadvIpa zrAyA hai / siMhaladvIpa -- siMhala nAma kA TApU bhArata ke dakSiNa meM haiM / yaha dvIpa koNAkAra aura sUcI mukhAgra uttara kI ora lambita hai / samUce dvIpa kI paridhi 600 mIla ke lagabhaga hai / siMhala ke samadra taTa kA prAkRtika dRzya bar3A hI manorama hai / uttarapazcima upakuladeza caurabAlU aura jalagarbhastha zailamAlA se samAcchanna hai / rAmezvara aura setubandha nAmaka parvata jAta dvIpa aura jalagarbhastha zailamAlA dvArA yaha bhAratavarSa ke sAtha milA huA hai / bhArata aura siMhala ke madhya isa prakAra ke zaila aura dvIpa zreNI rahane para bhI usake bhItara se potAdi le jAne ke lie patha hai / mahAbhArata meM AyA hai ki siMhalarAja nAnAmaNi ratna lekara yudhiSThira ke rAjasUrya yajJa meM zrAyA thA / rAjataraMgiNI meM siMhala kA varNana hai / Tarnara ne mahAvaMza ke aMgrejI anuvAda meM siMhala ke rAjavaMza kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / cIna dvIpa -- yaha vartamAna pUrva eziyA kA madhyavartI suvikhyAta deza hai / isa vistIrNa rAjya ke pUrva cIna sAgara evaM pIta sAgara, dakSiNa-pUrva upadvIpa, pazcima tibbata, pUrva turkasthAna aura uttara suprasiddha vRhat prAcIra haiM / cIna kA dardhya uttara-dakSiNa meM 1,860 mIla aura AyAma pUrva-pazcima meM 1.220 mIla hai / vRhat saMhitA ke karma vibhAga meM IzAna koNa meM isa deza kA ullekha haiM / 1 - - pratthi iheva jambuddIve dIve, aparavide he vAse- - bhaga0 saM0 sa0 pR0 6 samarAicca kahA pratyeka bhava meM jambUdvIpa kA nAma AyA hai / 2 - - tri0 sa0 gA0 661 / -- 3 - - suvaNNadIvaMmi laggo-- 1 sa0 pR0 540 4- - hindI vi0 suvarNa dvIpa zabda | 5 - - sIhaladIvagAmivahaNovalambha, sa0 pR0 366, 420 / 6 -- mahAbhArata kA sabhA parva 34 / 12 aura 52 / 35-36 / 7--- rAjataraMgiNI 1 265 / 8-. -- vimukkaM jANavantaM gammae cINadIvaMti - bhaga saM0 sa0 pR0 540, 542 / E--- cIna kauNindA --- vArAhI saMhitA pra0 14, zlo0 30 /

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cIna aura bhArata kA sambandha 69 I0 meM zrArambha huA thA / isa samaya rAjA miMga ne pazcima kI ora bhArata se bauddhabhikSu bulAne ke lie dUta bheje the / dharmarakSita aura kazyapamAtaMga bhArata se aneka granthoM ke sAtha Aye aura cIna meM prathama bihAra banA' / samarAiccakahA meM jise cIna dvIpa kahA hai, vAstava meM vaha mahAcIna hai / haribhadra ne cIna ke sAtha vyApArika sambandha kA sundara vivecana kiyA hai / prasiddha hai / 347 mahAkaTAha -- yaha dvIpa pazcimI malAyA meM kedA ke nAma se bhArata ke samudrataTa se mahAkaTAha ko jahAja jAte the / svarNabhUmi - - isakA ullekha prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM bahulatA se huA hU~ / DaoN0 motIcandra ne likhA hai -- "mahAniddeza ke suvarNakUTa zraura suvarNabhUmi ko eka sAtha lenA cAhie / suvarNabhUmi baMgAla kI khAr3I ke pUrva ke saba pradezoM ke lie eka sAdhAraNa nAma thA, para suvarNakUTa eka bhaugolika nAma hai | arthazAtra ( 2 / 2 / 28 ) ke anusAra suvarNa kuDyA se taM larpANika nAma kA sapheda yA lAlacandana AtA thA / yahAM kA agara pIla aura lAla raMga kA hotA thA / sabase acchA caMdana meM kAsAra aura nimora se aura sabase acchA agara campA aura anAma se AtA thA / suvarNa kuDyA se dukUla aura patrorNa bhI zrAte the / suvarNa kuDayA kI pahacAna cInI kitasin se kI jAtI hai, jo phUnAna ke pazcima meM thA / suvarNabhUmi sAgarapAra pUrvI pradeza ke lie prayukta ha~ / jAtaka kathAoM meM bhI suvarNabhUmi kA ullekha hai / eka jAtaka kathA meM bhakaccha se suvarNa bhUmi kI yAtrA kA nirdeza milatA hai / suppAraka jAtaka meM aisI hI yAtrA vistAra se dI hai / uttarAdhyayana ko niyukti --- "ujjeNi kAlakhamaNA sAgaravamaNaH suvaNNabhUmIe meM suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya ka jAne kA ullekha hai / DaoN0 majumadAra ne varmA, malayadvIpakalpa, sumAtrA aura malayadvIpa samUha ke bhUbhAga ko svarNa bhUmi mAnA hai ' / 6 7 jambUdvIpa ke sAta kSetroM meM se "samarAiccakahA " meM kevala bharata, airAvata, videha aura videha kA eka bhAga aparavideha ho ullikhita hai / bharata kSetra kA vistAra jainasAhitya ke anusAra Adhunika bhAratavarSa se bahuta jyAdA hai| jaina bhUgola ke anusAra vijayArddha parvata madhya meM Ane se tathA gaMgAdakSiNa ke madhya 526-- yojana hai / 16 isakA vistAra sindhu nadI ke bahane se chaH khaNDa ho gaye haiM / meM prakhaNDa hai, zeSa pAMca mleccha khaNDa haiM / 4 -- pattA amhe - dumAsame teNa saM0 sa0 pR0 368 / 5 -- sArthavAha, pR0 134 / 1 --~ vAgacI, iNDiyA eNDa cAinA pU0 6-7 bambaI 1650 / 2 -- vavaharaNanimittaM mahAkaDAhaM go / bhaga0 saM0 sa0 pR0 713 / 3 -- DA0 motIcandra - sArthavAha pR0 166, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad 1953 // kAle suvaNNabhUmi, yaha dhanuSAkAra hai / 6-- jAtaka bhAga 6 ( iMgaliza pR0 22) | 7- - uttarAdhyayananiyukti gAthA 120 / 8- DA0 ramezacandra majumadAra, suvarNadvIpa, bhAga 1. pR0 48 / vaijantI iNNA pavahaNAo bhaga0

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348 airAvata kSetra jambadvIpa kA sAtavAM kSetra hai| yaha uttara meM sthita hai| isakA vistAra Adi bhI bharata kSetra ke samAna hI hai / jambUdvIpa kA cauthA kSetra videha' hai / isake pUrva aura pazcima meM bhadrazAla vana sthita hai / videha kSetra kA vyAsa 33,684 : yojana hai| videha kSetra meM sItA aura sItodA nadiyoM ke taTa para 32 deza sthita hai / videha ke do bhAga haiN| hara eka videha meM solaha-solaha deza sthita hai| (A) parvata __parvatoM meM himavat, vindhya, malaya, lakSmI, suMsumAra, vaitAdya aura zilIndhra ke nAma prAya hai| himavat --jai na bhUgola ke anusAra yaha jambUdvIpa kA pahalA kulAcala hai, isa para 11 kUTa hai| isakA vistAra 1,052,2 yojana hai| isakI UMcAI 100 yojanA aura gaharAI 25 yojanA batalAyI gayI hai / ___ samarAiccakahA ke varNana nirdeza se aisA lagatA hai ki yaha prasiddha himAlaya parvata hai / himAlaya tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai--uttara, madhya aura dkssinn| uttaramAlA pUrva aura pazcima bhAgoM meM baMTI huI hai / himAlaya ke pazcima bhAga kI coTI kI UMcAI 28,265 phuTa hai / uttaramAlA aura madhyamAlA ke bIca kailAza parvata hai / madhyamAlA naMgaparvata se prAraMbha hotI hai| naMga kI UMcI coTI 26,626 phuTa hai| madhyamAlA kA dUsarA aMza nepAla, sikkima aura bhUTAna rAjya ke antargata hai / himAlaya kA yaha sthAna tuSArakhaNDa dvArA sarvadA AcchAdita rahatA hai / vindhyagiri--madhya bhArata meM uttara pazcima vistRta zreNI vindhyagiri ke nAma se prasiddha hai / prAcIna kAla meM tAptI aura narmadA ke madhyavartI satapurA kI suramya aura sudRzya pahAr3I yA zailabhami vindhyaparvata ke nAma se prasiddha thii| para vartamAna meM kevala narmadA ke uttara meM avasthita zAkhA-prazAkhAoM meM vistRta parvata hI vindhyagiri ke nAma se prasiddha hai| devI bhAgavata (10-3-7) meM ise sabhI parvatoM meM zreSTha mAnA hai| mArkaNDeya purANa (57/51--55) meM isa parvata ke madhya bhAga meM narmadA ke taTa taka dakSiNa pAdamUla meM asabhya jAtiyoM ke basane kA ullekha hai| manusmRti (2-21-22) meM himAlaya aura vindhya ke madhyavartI pradeza ko madhyadeza mAnA hai| prolDahama aura meDalikeTa ne vindhyaparvata ke bhUtatva kI pAlocanA karake likhA hai ki yaha parvatamAlA dAkSiNAtya ko 1-ekhae khatte-sa0 pR0 127 / 2--iheva vide he sa0 pR0 120 vizeSa ke lie dekheM trilokasAra gAthA 564, 605, 634, 665, 681, 730, 882 / :--trilokasAra gAthA 725-726 / 4--himavantapavvayagayassa dariharuggayaM-sa0 pR0 502 / 5--viMjhagiripavvae aNe gasattavAvAyaNaparo--sa0 pR0 125 /

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346 uttara sImA taka vyApta hai| pUrvI aura pazcimI ghATa parvatamAlA isake donoM pArzva hai aura nIlagiri kA zikhara isakA trikoNa-caDAnta hai| gujarAta aura mAlavA ke bIca se yaha parvata dhIrapada se madhya bhArata ko pAra karake gAMgeya upatyakA taka phailA huA hai / malaya :--purANa prasiddha sAta kulAcaloM meM se yaha eka prasiddha parvata hai| yahAM candana adhika hotA hai| yaha pazcimI ghATa kA vaha bhAga hai, jo maisUra ke dakSiNa aura trAvaNakora ke pUrva meM hai / kucha vidvAn nIlagiri ko hI malaya parvata mAnate haiM / __ lakSmIparvata--yaha AsAma ke antargata eka pahAr3I hai| AsAma meM pazcima ko chor3a zeSa tInoM ora UMce-UMce pahAr3a haiM / dakSiNavAlA pahAr3I bhAga lakSmI parvata ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| isa pahAr3a se koyalA, lohA aura cUnA banAne kA kaMkar3a nikalatA hai| miTTI kA tela bhI nikalatA hai| vaitADhya :--isakA dUsarA nAma vijayA bhI hai| yaha chaH khaNDoM ke madhya meM hai, isIlie vijayA kahalAtA hai| vijayA kI do guphAoM se do nadiyAM nilakatI hai, jisase bharatAdi kSetroM ke chaH khaNDa ho gaye haiN| vaitADhya kI do zreNiyAM hai--uttara aura dakSiNa / uttara zreNI meM 60 vidyAdhara nagara aura dakSiNa meM 50 haiM / ___ susumAra --vijayA kI uttara zreNI ke nagaroM meM vijayapura eka nagara hai| isa nagara ke pAsa saMsumAra nAma kA araNya thA aura isI araNya meM suMsumAra nAma kA parvata thA / vartamAna meM yaha mirjApura jile meM cunAra ke nikaTa eka pahAr3I hai| kucha vidvAn saMsUmAra ko bharga deza kI rAjadhAnI batAte haiN| silindha-nilaya'--yaha choTI-sI pahAr3I hai / yahAM para nAnA vRkSoM kA ghanA jaMgala tathA isa jaMgala meM vyAghra aura siMha bhI vartamAna the| sAtha hI isa jaMgala meM bhayaMkara ajagara bhI nivAsa karate the| isa varNana se esA jJAta hotA hai ki yaha AsAma kI dakSiNa pahAr3I hai / (i) nadiyAM nadiyoM ke nAmoM meM sindhu aura kucha parvatIya nadiyoM kA varNana pAyA hai / sindha bhArata ke uttarI bhAga meM sindha nAma se prasiddha hai / ise aMgrejI meM iNDas kahA jAtA hai| isakI kaI zAkhAeM aneka nAmoM se prasiddha hai| mahAbhArata kAla meM sindhu nAma kA mahAjanapada thaa| isake antargata dasa rASTra zAmila the| pahAr3I nadiyoM ke nAma nahIM Aye haiM, para varNana se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki inameM kucha AsAma kI parvatIya nadiyAM haiM aura kucha vindhyagiri se nikalane vAlI pahAr3I jharanoM ke rUpa meM varNita hai| (I) bandaragAha prAcIna bhArata meM bhI bar3e-bar3e jahAjI bar3e calate the tathA bar3e-bar3e bandaragAha bhI the| samarAiccakahA meM do pradhAna bandaragAhoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jahAM 1---atthi iheva malayapavvae maNorahApUrayaM nAma siharaM / sa0, pR0 438 / 2-prArUDhA lacchipavvayaM, vahI pR0 152 / / 3--bhArahevAse veyar3aDho nAma pavvaro, vahI, pR0 411 / 4--vijae suMsumAre raNe suMsumAra girimmi, vahI, pR0 107 / 5--silindhanilayaM nAma pavvayaMmi saM0 10 125 / 6--sindhunaIpuliNe parivahante payANae sa0 pR0 148 /

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350 se samarAiccakahA ke pAtra vyApAra ke lie AyA-jAyA karate the / ye bandaragAha haiMtAmralipta aura vaijayantI / tAmralipta yA tAmralipti - - tAmralipta se siMhala aura cIna jahAja Ate-jAte the / mahAbhArata se patA calatA hai ki yaha samudra ke kinAre aura kaliMga ke bagala meM avasthita thA / mahAvaMza meM Aye hue varNana se jJAta hotA hai ki I0 pU0 307 se pahale hI tAmralipta nagara samudra taTavartI eka bandaragAha ke rUpa meM prasiddha thA / usa samaya siMhala ke rAjA ne isa bandaragAha meM jahAja para ArohaNa kiyA thA / mahAbhArata bhISmaparva ( 6 / 76 ) meM bhI isakA vistRta ullekha upalabdha hU~ / vartamAna meM yaha baMgAla kA prasiddha sthAna tAmaluka mAnA jAtA hai / baMgAla ke midinApura jile meM rUpa nArAyaNa ke pazcimI taTa para sthita hai / digvijaya prakAza nAmaka saMskRta bhaugolika grantha meM eka upAkhyAna AyA hai, jisase avagata hotA hai ki eka brAhmaNa ke abhizApa se tAmralipta kA vaibhava naSTa ho gayA thA / 4 vaijayantI -- yaha bahuta prasiddha bandaragAha thA / hamArA anumAna hai ki isakA sambandha baMgAla kI khAr3I se rahA hai / Ajakala yaha bAlA kahA jAtA hai / kucha loga ise maMsUra kA dakSiNa-pazcimI bhAga batalAte hai " / parantu yaha hameM ucita nahIM pratIta hotA hai / haribhadra ke varNana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki va jayantI usa samaya kA cAlU bandaragAha thA / jahAja aura nAve sadA AtI-jAtI thIM / pUrva samudra ke taTapara sthita thA / yaha ( u ) araNya aura vRkSa bhaugolika dRSTi se araNyoM kA mahatva sadA se rahA hai / vividha prakAra kI bhUmi aura jalavAyu ke kAraNa vividha prakAra ko banaspatiyAM yahAM utpanna hotI haiM / himAlaya ke nicale jaMgala aura vindhyamekhalA ke dakSiNa-pUrva bhAga ke jaMgala paryApta prasiddha haiM / hameM samarAiccakahA meM zAzvata harit aura zuSka ina donoM prakAra ke vanoM kA ullekha milatA hai / kAdambarI aura padmAvatI aTavI kA haribhadra ne sajIva varNana kiyA hai / kAdambarI hamArA anumAna hai ki yaha aTavI Adhunika bihAra ke muMgera jile meM rahI hogI / isakA sthAna khar3agapura kI parvatamAlA ke nikaTa thA, jahAM se kyUla aura mAna nadiyAM nikalatI haiM / khagar3iyA, vAdyamatI aura candA Adi nadiyoM meM bhI prAcIna samaya meM nAva calatI thiiN| isa pahAr3I bhUbhAga meM imalI aura kadamba ke vRkSa bahutAyata se pAye jAte haiM / haribhadra ne batAyA hai ki isa jaMgala meM vRSabha, mRga, mahiSa, zArdUla, kola Adi bhayaMkara pazu rahate the / hAthiyoM ke samUha ke gaNDasthala ko mRgarAja vidIrNa karatA rahatA thA, jisameM raktaraMjita muktAeM bikharI par3I rahatI thIM / yaha aTavI zrAmra, candana, kadamba zrAdi 'unnata vRkSoM se zrAcchAdita thIM / 1 - - tAmalitti gacchassai sa0 pR0 241 / 2 -- mahAvaMza kA 11vAM aura 16vAM pariccheda / 3 - digvijaya prakAza, 101, 103 / 4 -- samahili puvvasamuddata niviTTha vaijayanti nAma nayarisaM0 pR0 531 / 5- kaniMghamsa aiM nziyeMTa jAgaraphI Apha iNDiyA, pR0 744 / 6----samarAiccakahA pR0 510, 673, tathA isakA nirdeza vividhatIrthaM pR0 65 /

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351 padmAvatI'--vindhyazailamAlA ke madhya meM yaha araNya avasthita thA / isa sthAna para pArA aura sindhu nadiyAM pravAhita hotI hai / isa araNya meM pahAr3I nadiyoM ke rUpa meM nUna nadI tathA mahavAra nadiyAM pravAhita hotI thiiN| vartamAna narabara nAma ke sthAna ke nikaTa yaha aTavI rahI hogii| vRkSa--haribhadra ne vana aura upavanoM meM jina vRkSoM kA varNana kiyA hai, unheM tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM (1) prasiddha phala vRkSa, (2) zobhAvRkSa aura (3) puSpapAdapa evaM ltaa| prasiddha phala vRkSoM meM Amra kA varNana sarvapramukha hai| isakA ullekha sahakAra, Amra, mAkanda, Adi nAmoM se huprA.hai / Ama ke pallava aura maMjara kA pracura upayoga haribhadra ke pAtroM ne kiyA hai / isakI maMjara vasantasenA kI dUtI mAnI gaI hai aura praNayI ke lie sNketvaahinii| maidAna kA zAyada hI koI aisA gAMva yA nagara hogA, jisameM amarAiyAM na hoN| haribhadra ne pratyeka vana-upavana meM isakA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| phala-vakSoM meM kadalI (kelA),' panasa (kaTahala), jambU (jAmuna), nAraMga'pAdapa, nAri kela', kadamba", nyagrodha, bar3asarja, sahajana, jambuka', jammIrInIbU, pUgaphalI aura kaMkola 15 evaM nimba 16 kA nirdeza haribhadra ne kiyA hai| zobhAvakSa aise vRkSoM ko kahA jAtA hai, jo saundarya kI vRddhi ke lie lagAye jAte hai| zobhA-vRkSoM meM azoka kA pramukha sthAna hai, azoka ke kaI prakAra haiM, jisameM raktAzoka sarvazreSTha mAnA jAtA hai| vakula, sAla, tamAla,19 tAtAli, tilaka,25 1--sa0, 10 285 / 2--vahI, pa017 / 3--vahI, pR0 135 / 4--vahI, pR0 510 / 5--vahI, pR0 405 / 6-vahI, pR0 405 / 7-vahI, pR0 135 / 8--vahI, pR0 16 / 6-vahI, pR0 171 / 10--vahI, pR0 135 / 11--vahI, pR0 135 / 12--vahI, pR0 135 / 13--vahI, pR0 135 / 14--vahI, pR0 88 / 15--vahI, pR0 88 / 16-vahI, pR0 135 tathA 425 / 17--vahI, pR0 135 / 18--vahI, pR0 135 / 16--vahI, pR0 135 / 20--vahI, pR0 135 / / 21--vahI, pR0 135 //

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nicula, 'aMkola, ' kuMjala, ' palAsa, zAllIkI,5 tiniza, 6 kuTaja,' khadira, arjuna', sindavAra", putrajIvaka, aMkoTha 12aura kAMcanapAdapa 12 kA ullekha haribhadra ne kiyA hai / nheM azoka to itanA priya hai ki usakA astitva sabhI bana-upavanoM meM batAyA hai| ___puSpapAdapa aura latAoM kA nirdeza bhI haribhadra kA mahatvapUrNa hai| vanaspati za striyoM ne puSpa-pAdapoM kI 160 upajAtiyAM batAyI haiN| inameM sabase prasiddha kumudinI aura kamala hai, jinake aneka prakAra pAye jAte haiN| kumudinI rAtri meM aura kamala dina meM khilatA hai / haribhadra ne upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka aura anyoktiyoM meM ina donoM puSpoM kA pracura pariNAma meM upayoga kiyA hai| campA, " punnAga, 5 nAga, 16 nalinI, 17 kuMkuma-kezara,18 mallikA, saptacchada", kunda, lavaMga, pATala 23 aura candana 4 kA ullekha haribhadra ne kiyA hai| latAoM meM vidrumalatA, drAkSAlatA, mAdhavIlatA", 1--sa0 pR0135 / 2--vahI 3--vahI 4--vahIM 5-vahI .6-vahI 7--vahI 8--vahI 8--vahI 10--vahI, pR0 378 / 11--vahI, pR0 411 / 12--vahI, pR0 637 / 13--vahI, pR0 823 / 14--vahI, pR0 113 15--vahI 16--vahI 17--vahI, pR0 88. 18--vahI 16---vahI, pR0 378 / 20--vahI 21--vahI, 22--vahI, pR0 547 / 23--vahI, pR0 640 / 24--vahI, pR0 510 / 25--vahI, pR0 76 / 26--vahI, pR0 87 / 27--vahI, pR0 88 /

Page #386
353 nAgavallI, priyaMgu maMjarI, candanalatA', elAlatA aura mAlatI ' latAoM' ke nAma zrAye haiM / haribhadra ne vRkSa aura latAnoM ke sAtha, dUrvA, kAza aura kuzakA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / jaMgalI jar3I-bUTiyoM ke nAma bhI batalAye haiM / 0 haiM / pazu -- jaMgalI pazuoM meM vanakola, zarabha, pasaya, vyAghra, taracchA acchabhalla, jambUka, gavaya, rush, zrAzvApada, vanamahiSa ( 135 pR0 saM0 ), mRga, zArdUla ( 510 pR0 saM0) siMha ( 516 saM0), kunta (sa0 pR0 530), zrRMgAla (sa0 pR0 468 ) aura vanagaja ( pR0 469 ) ullekha upalabdha haiN| sarIsRpa meM sarpa aura ajagara ( pR0 444) ke nAma zrArya pakSiyoM meM gRdha ( 530), vAyasa ( 260), kunta (530), ke nAma nirdiSTa haiM / (1) rAjanaM tika bhUgola ke antargata deza aura nagara zAmila haiN| haribhadra ne pravantI uttarApatha, kAzI, saurASTra Adi dezoM kA varNana kiyA hai / nagaroM ke nAma aura varNana nimna prakAra upalabdha hote haiM / (a) janapada * avantI --- vartamAna mAlavA kA vaha bhAga, jisakI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI thI aura jise vikramAditya kI rAjadhAnI bhI kahA jAtA hai / matsyapurANa meM isakA nAma vItihotra kahA gayA hai / bANabhaTTa ne vetravatI yA vetavA nadI ke taTapara sthita vidizA nagarI ko avantI deza kI rAjadhAnI mAnA hai / mahAbhArata meM narmadA ke dakSiNa taTa para isakA astitva mAnA gayA hai, jo mahAnadI ke pazcima taTa para haiM / matsyapurANa ke anusAra kArtavIryArjuna ke kula meM pravanti nAmaka rAjakumAra utpanna huA thA, usIke nAma para isa deza kA nAmakaraNa bhI huA / uttarApatha - pRthUdaka kA uttarI bhAga uttarApatha kahalAtA hai / pRthUdaka kA varttamAna nAma pihovA hai, jo sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para sthita hai / pihovA pUrva paMjAba kA eka jilA thA, jo thAnezvara se 44 mIla pazcima kI ora hai / kaliMga kaliMga deza uttara meM ur3IsA se lekara dakSiNa meM zrAndhra yA godAvarI ke muhAna tathA samudra taTa para phailA huA hai / rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA meM dakSiNa aura pUrva ke sammilita pradeza ko kaliMga mAnA hai / prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM trikaliMga kA pATha milatA hai / isakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma dantakUra kahA gayA hai / kAmarUpa :- vartamAna asama yA AsAma pradeza / rAjazekhara ne bhArata ke pUrvI bhAga ke eka parvata ko kAmarUpa nAma se likhA hai / kAmarUpa kI rAjadhAnI prAgajyotiSapura thI / mahAbhArata ke samaya isakA rAjA bhagadatta thA aura harSavardhana ke samaya mitra bhAskaravarmA yahAM kA zAsaka thA / ha, venatsAMga aura alaberunI ke lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki 1 sa0 pa0 88 / 2 - vahI, pR0 424 / 3 - vahI, pR0 378 / 4 - vahI, pR0 424 / 5- vahI, pR0 24 / 6 - vahI, pR0 148 // 7 - vahI, pR0 277 / 8vahI, pR0 318 / 6 - vahI, pR0 804 / 23-22 eDa0

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354 kAmarUpa ko cIna aura vartamAna cIna ko mahAcIna kahA jAtA thA / kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM kAmarUpa ke lie cIna zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai aura kAmarUpa meM "suvarNakuNDa" nAmaka grAma kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| mahAbhArata (sabhAparva 34--41) meM cIna zabda kA prayoga isI deza ke lie kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| isameM sandaha nahIM ki prAcIna kAmarUpa atyanta vistRta bhArata kA bhUbhAga thA, jo cIna taka vyApta thA / ___kAzIdeza-isa janapada meM banArasa, mirjApura, jaunapura, Ajamagar3ha aura gAjIpura jile kA bhUbhAga liyA jAtA thaa| yaha samRddhazAlI janapada mAnA jAtA rahA hai / pUrvadeza'-pUrvadeza ke antargata banArasa se AsAma aura varmA taka kA vahat bhUbhAga prAtA hai| isameM mukhyataH pUrvIya bhArata zAmila thaa| ___saurASTra'-bhArata ko pazcima dizA kA prasiddha kAThiyAvAr3a janapada aura gujarAta pradeza kA kucha bhAga saurASTra ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai / valabhI kucha dinoM taka yahAM kI rAjadhAnI rahI hai / dvArikA ko isa pradeza kI rAjadhAnI prApta karane kA saubhAgya mahAbhArata ke samaya meM thaa| (A) nagara haribhadra ne lagabhaga 60 nagaroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahAM unake nagaroM kA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA jAtA hai / (1) acalapura --brahmapura ke pAsa prAmIra deza kA eka nagara, isameM revatI nakSatrAcArya ke ziSyoM ne dIkSA lI thii| yaha vyApArika nagara thA, ise uttarApatha kA pradhAna nagara kahA hai| (2) amarapura--brahmadeza kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI / yaha airAvata nadI ke pUrva taTa para avasthita hai| brahmadeza meM yaha rIti pracalita rahI hai ki jaba koI nayA rAjA hotA hai, taba vaha pUrva rAjadhAnI ko tyAgakara kisI dUsare nagara meM rAjadhAnI sthApita karatA thA / vartamAna amarAvatI amarapura se bhinna hai| hameM Adhunika prAvA hI prAcIna amarapura pratIta hotA hai| (3) ayodhyA-vividha tIrthakalpa meM isa nagarI ke nAma kosalA, vinItA, ikSvAkubhUmi aura rAmapurI Aye haiM / ayodhyA kA eka prAcIna nAma sAketa bhI hai / ayodhyA sarayU nadI ke kinAre avasthita hai / usa samaya meM yaha nagarI dhanadhAnya se paripUrNa thIM, sar3ake yahAM kI sundara thiiN| (4) prAnandapura-Anandapura kA dUsarA nAma nizItha meM prabakatthalI bhI pAyA hai| (gA0 3344 cU0) gujarAta ke antargata yaha eka prAcIna nagara hai| vartamAna meM yaha uttara gujarAta meM bar3anagara ke nAma se prasiddha hai| 1-sa0, pR0 845 / 2--vahI, pR0 466 / 3-da0 hA0 pR0 70 / 4---sa0 pR0 506 / 5 -vahI, pR0 171 / 6--vahI pR0 731 / 7--vahI, pR0 400 /

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355 ( 5 ) ujjayinI ' - - prasiddha vartamAna ujjaina kA prAcIna nAma hai / yaha nagarI avanti deza yA mAlavA kI prasiddha rAjadhAnI thI / yaha nagarI ziprA nadI ke taTa para avasthita hai / isa nagarI ke anya nAma kuNAlanagara, vizAkha aura puSpakaraNDinI bhI prAte haiM / kuNAla ke putra samprati kA ujjayinI nareza ke rUpa meM ullekha jaMnagranthoM meM upalabdha hai / ujjayinI nagarI jaina aura bauddhadharma kA prasiddha kendra rahI hai / yahAM kI miTTI kAlI hone ke kAraNa buddha ne bhikSutroM ko jUtA pahanane aura snAna karane kI bhI prAjJA dI thI / yaha nagarI vyApAra kA bhI bahuta bar3A kendra rahI thI / haribhadra ne isakI samRddhi kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki isameM trika, cAtuSka aura catvara mArga the / isake bAjAra mANikya, motI, suvarNa aura dhAnya se sadA saje rahate the / yaha parikhA aura jalAzaya se suzobhita aura svarNa khaNDa ke samAna manorama thI / (6) kAkandI - vividha tIrthakalpa meM kAkandI kA ullekha pratyanta pavitra nagarI ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / yaha nagarI bihAra meM vartamAna hai / (7) kAmpilya' - kAmpilyapura dakSiNa pAMcAla kI rAjadhAnI rahA hai / yaha gaMgA ke kinAre basA hai / vartamAna meM pharukhAbAda jile meM yaha nagara kapilA kahA jAtA hai / vividha tIrthakalpa meM - "paMcAlA nAma jaNavapro / tattha gaMgAnAma mahAnaI taraMgaMbha pakkhAlijjamANapAmArabhittinaM kaMpilapuraM nAma nagaraM 1 arthAt gaMgA ke kinAre para batAyA hai / isa nagarI meM terahaveM tIrtha kara vimalanAtha kA janma huA thA / yaha bhI atyanta pavitra nagariyoM meM sammilita hai / (8) kusumapura ' 1 - yaha paTanA kA prAcIna nAma hai / vividha tIrthakalpa meM kusumoM kI bahulatA hone se isake kusumapura hone kA kAraNa kahA hai / (6) kRtAMgalA isakA astitva bhI vijaya kSetra meM granthakAra ne mAnA hai / yaha nagarI vartamAna saurASTra meM hai / (10) kollAka sanniveza -- prAcIna magadha meM isakI sthiti haiM / vividha tIrthakalpa se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha magadha kA prasiddha grAma hai / isameM vitta aura sudharma svAmI janma grahaNa kiyA hai / yaha rAjagira ke pAsa kahIM rahA hogA / (11) kosalapura -- zravadha rAjya kA dakSiNI bhAga / isakI rAjadhAnI kuzAvatI thI / rAmAyaNa ke anusAra rAma ne kuzAvatI kA rAjya kuza ko diyA thA / isakA prAcIna nAma Rtu parNa bhI milatA hai / (12) kauzAmbI yaha vatsa athavA vaMza deza kI rAjadhAnI thI, aura yamunA nadI ke kinAre para basI thI / jaina sAhitya meM batAyA gayA hai ki vatsAdhipati udayana kI mAM mRgAvatI mahAvIra kI parama upAsikA thI aura usane mahAvIra ke pAsa jaina dIkSA 1 - 0, pR0 501 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 363 / 3 - vahI, pR0 47 1 4- vi0 tI0 ka0 pR0 50 / 5- sa0 pR0 243 / 6 -- vahI, pR0 173 / 7- vahI, pR0 276, 727, 846 // 8- vi0 tI0 ka0 pR0 1 -- saM0 pR0 618 | 10- sa0 pR0 353, 578 / e.

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356 dhAraNa kI thii| rAjakumArI candanavAlA ke kAraNa isa nagarI kA mahattva jainAgama meM adhika batalAyA gayA hai / vividhatIrtha kalpa meM isa nagarI kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki isa nagarI meM padmaprabhu svAmI kA garbha, janma, tapa aura jJAna ye cAra kalyANaka hue haiM / ataH yaha atyanta pavitra hai| vartamAna meM yaha sthAna ilAhAbAda jilA kA kosama hai| (13) gajapura -yaha hastinApura kA dUsarA nAma hai / vividha tIrthakalpa meM bhAgIrathI-salilasaMgapavitramataMjIyAcciraM gajapuraM bhuvitIrtharalaM (pR. 64) kahakara prazaMsA kI (14) gajjanaka'-yaha maradeza meM satyapura ke nikaTa avasthita thaa| vividha tIrthakalpa ke antargata satyupura tIrtha kalpa meM gajjanaka kA (pR0 26) nirdeza upalabdha hai| aAjakala mAravAr3a meM gujjara yA gajjA nAma kA eka gAMva hai, jo prAcIna gajjanaka kahA jA sakatA hai| (15) gandhasamRddha-vaitADhya parvata para ise vidyAdhara nagara kahA hai| vartamAna bhUgola ke anusAra isakI sthiti mAlavA meM rahI hogii| (16) giristhala --yaha girinagara kA dUsarA nAma hai| gujarAta ke prasiddha parvata girinAra ke pAsa-pAsa kA pradeza isameM zAmila thaa| girinAra pavata ko purANoM meM raivataka aura Urjayanta kahA gayA hai| vividha tIrthakalpa meM "suradvAvisae revayapavvayarAmasihare" (pR. 6) arthAt saurASTra deza meM raivataka parvata ke zikhara para neminAtha kA mandira thA, batAyA gayA hai / mahAkavi mAdha ne apane mahAkAvya zizupAlavadha meM zrIkRSNa kI senA kA dvArikA se calakara revataka parvata para zivira DAlane ke atirikta vividha krIr3AnoM kA varNana kiyA hai| zrI prApaTe ne dakSiNApatha ke eka jile kA nAma girinagara yA giristhala batAyA hai / rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA meM ise pazcimI bhArata kA eka pradeza mAnA hai| (17) cakrapura --haribhadra ne "pravaravidehe khette cakkauraM nAma puravaraM ramma" likhakara isakI sthiti kA paricaya diyA hai / usake anusAra yaha ramya nagara apara videha kSetra meM sthita thaa| aAjakala isakI sthiti ur3IsA meM cakrapura ke rUpa meM mAnI jA sakatI hai / (18) cakravAlapura---yaha bhI haribhadra ke anusAra vijayA kA cavAlapura vidyAdhara nagara hai / hamArA anumAna hai ki yaha vartamAna meM uttara pradeza meM kahIM sthita hai / (16) campA nagarI - yaha aMgadeza kI pradhAna nagarI thI, isakA dUsarA nAma mAlinI thaa| jaina sAhitya meM campA ko bahuta pavitra aura pUjya nagarI mAnA gayA hai / sthAnAMga (pR0 10, 717) tathA nizIthasUtra (6, 19) meM jina dasa rAjadhAniyoM ke nAma prAye 1- sA0 kosaMbInayarI jiNajammapavittimA mahAtittha vi0 tI0 ka0 pR0 23 / 2 -sa0 pR0 618 / 3-vahI, pR0 217 / 4 . vahI, pR0 411 / 5-vahI, pR0 270 / 6--devasabhAyAHparataH pazcAddeza:-kA0 mI0 pR0 227 / 7- sa0 pR0 803 / 8--vahI, pR0 110 / 6- vahI, pR0 130, 605 /

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357 hai, unameM campA bhArata kI sarvaprathama nagarI batAyI gayI hai| campA kA varNana karate hue propapAtika sUtra (1) meM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha nagarI atyanta samRddhazAlI thI aura vahAM ke nivAsI sampanna the| Ikha, jau, cAvala prAdi dhAnyoM kI utpatti bahuta hotI thii| vartamAna meM campAnagarI bhAgalapara ke eka kinAre sthita hai| isakA sTezana nAthanagara hai| cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne apane yAtrA-vivaraNa meM campA ko samRddhi kA jikra kiyA hai| (20) jayapura--haribhadra ne isa nagara ko pravaravideha meM batalAyA hai| isakA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki "pravaravidahe khatte aparimiya guNanihANaM siyasapuravArANugAri ujjANArAmabhUsiyaM samatthameiNitilayabhUyaM jayauraM nAma nayaraM ti"--aparavideha kSetra meM aparimita guNoM kA bhANDAra indrapurI kA anukaraNa karane vAlA udyAna aura ArAmoM se vibhUSita samasta pRthvI kA tilakasvarUpa jayapura nAma kA nagara hai / isa varNana se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki ukta jayapura bahuta hI ramaNIya raha hogaa| hamArA anumAna hai ki yaha jayapura vartamAna jayapura se bhinna hai| (21) TaMkanapura--hamArA anumAna hai ki Takkanapura honA caahiye| Takkanapura ke sthala para TaMkanapura likhA gayA hai / isakI sthiti vipAzA aura sindhu nadI ke madhya bhAga kA Takka yA vAhIka kahA jAtA thaa| zAkala kA syAlakoTa Takka deza kI rAjadhAnI thii| isameM madra aura prAraTTa deza bhI sammilita the| rAjataraMgiNI meM Takka kI sthiti candrabhAgA yA cinAva ke taTa para AtI hai / kuvalayamAlA ke anusAra vAhIka yA paMcanavadeza Takka kahA jAtA thaa| (22) thAnezvara'--prAcIna kurukSetra kA yaha eka bhAga thaa| kurukSetra meM pAnIpata, sonapata aura thAnezvara taka kA bhUbhAga zAmila thaa| isakA eka anya nAma sthAnutIrtha bhI milatA hai / sAtavIM zatAbdI meM isa samrATa harSa kI rAjadhAnI hone kA gaurava prApta huA hai / mahAkavi bANabhaTTa ne isa nagara kA bar3A hRdayagrAhya vaNana kiyA hai| vahAM muniyoM ke tapovana, vezyAoM ke kAmAyatana, lAsakoM kI saMgItazAlAeM, vidyArthiyoM ke gurukula, vidagdhoM kI viT goSThiyAM, cAraNoM ke mahotsava samAja the| zastropajIvI, gAyaka, vidyArthI, zilpI, vyApArI, bandI, bauddha bhikSu prAdi saba prakAra ke loga vahAM the| thAnezvara ke ilAke meM sAtavIM zatI meM zivapUjA kA ghara-ghara pracAra thA / harSacarita meM thAnezvara meM honevAlI upaja, pazusampatti, dhanasampatti evaM usake sAMskRtika vaibhava kA sundara varNana kiyA hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI ke sAhitya meM isa nagara ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa| - (23) dantapura-mahAbhArata ke anusAra dantapura kaliMga ko rAjadhAnI thaa| ise vantakUra bhI kahA jAtA hai| (24) pATalApatha:--isa nagara kI sthiti kA parijJAna vividha tIrthakalpa se hotA hai / isa grantha meM pATalA meM neminAtha jinAlaya ke hone kA ullekha hai| hamArA anumAna hai ki saurASTra meM kahIM isa nagara kI sthiti rahI hogii| - 1 -sa , pR075| 2--vahI, pR0 172 / 3--vahI, pR0 181 / 4- -DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla dvArA sampAdita harSa carita eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 55 / 5--sa0, pR0 526 / 6--vahI, pa.0 713 /

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(25) pATaliputra ' - gaMgA ke taTa para avasthita bahuta prasiddha purAnA nagara haiM / jaina sAhitya meM batAyA gayA hai ki kuNika ke paraloka gamana ke uparAnta usakA putra udAtrI campA kA zAsaka niyukta huA / vaha apane pitA ke sabhAsthAna, krIr3A-sthala, zayana sthAna Adi ko dekhakara, pUrva smRti jAgrata ho jAne se udvigna rahatA thA / isake pradhAna zramAtyoM kI anumati se nUtana nagara nirmANArtha pravINa naimittikoM ko zrAdeza diyaa| bhramaNa karate gaMgA taTa para ye / gulAbI puSpoM se susajjita chaviyukta pATalivRkSoM ko dekhakara va Azcarya cakita hue / taru kI TahanI para cASa nAmaka pakSI muMha khole baiThA thA / kIr3e svayaM usake muMha meM zrA par3ate the / isa ghaTanA ko dekhakara ve loga socane lage ki yahAM para nagara kA nirmANa hone se rAjA ko lakSmI kI prApti hogii| phalataH usa sthAna para nagara kA nirmANa karAyA, jisakA nAma pATaliputra rakhA gayA / vartamAna meM yaha nagara paTanA ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura bihAra kI rAjadhAnI hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM pATaliputra bahuta priya nagara rahA hai / 358 (26) puMDUvardhana' - 1 - - isa nagara kI sthiti baMgAla ke mAladA jile meM hai / kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM bhI isa nagara kA nAma zrAyA haiM tathA ise haribhadra ke samAna puMDra nAma kA eka janapada bhI batalAyA hai / vartamAna bogarA jile kA mahAsthAnagar3ha nAmaka grAma puMDra janapada meM thA / kanidhama ne isa nagara kI samatA mahAsthAnagar3ha se kI hai, yaha vardhana kuTI se 12 mIla pazcima haiM / mahAbhArata ( sabhAparva 78, 63) meM AyA hai ki puMDra ke rAjA dukUla Adi lekara mahArAja yudhiSThira ke rAjasya yajJa meM upasthita hue the / kauTilya ke arthazAstra ( zra0 32) meM likhA hai ki puMDra deza kA vastra zyAma aura maNi ke samAna snigdha varNa kA hotA thA / haribhadra ne ise zramarAvatI ke samAna batAyA hai / (27) brahmapura - pUrva dizA meM vartamAna zrAsAma meM isa nagara kI sthiti thI / ( 28 ) bhaMbhAnagara ' -- haribhadra ne vijaya ke antargata isa nagara kI sthiti mAnI hai / hamArA anumAna hai ki yaha nagara prAsAma meM kahIM avasthita thA / (26) madanapura -- haribhadra ne isakI sthiti kAmarUpa -- zrAsAma meM mAnI hai / (30) mahAsara - yaha varttamAna meM mahezvara nAma kA sthAna hai, jo indaura se 40 mIla dakSiNa narmadA ke taTa para avasthita hai / (31) mAkandI - isa nagara kI sthiti hastinApura ke prAsa-pAsa rahI hogI / mahAbhArata (bhA0 5/72 - - 76 ) meM batAyA gayA hai ki yudhiSThira ne duryodhana se pAMca sau gAMva mAMge the, unameM eka mAkandI bhI thA / (32) mithilA' -- mithilA videha ( tirahuta) kI pradhAna nagarI thI / haribhadra ne isakI prazaMsA kI haiM / jaina sAhitya meM batAyA gayA hai ki yahAM bahuta-se kadalI vana tathA mIThe pAnI kI bAvar3iyAM, kueM, tAlAba aura nadiyAM maujUda thiiN| yahAM bANagaMgA aura 1- vahI, pR0 336 / 2 - vi0 tI0 ka0, pR0 67 + 3- - sa0 pR0 275 / 4- vahI, pR0 956 / 5 - - vahI, pR0 805 / 6 - vahI, pR0 604 / 7- 8 3 --- vahI, pR0 508 / - vahI, pR0 493 / -- vahI, pR0 781 /

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356 gaMDakI nadI kA saMgama hotA thaa| rAmAyaNa (1,48) meM bhI mithilA kA ullekha prAtA hai, yahAM isa janakapurI bhI kahA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yahAM aneka cAturmAsa vyatIta kiye the| isa nagarI ke cAra daravAjoM para cAra bar3e bAjAra the| (33) ratnapura--isa nagara kI sthiti kauzala janapada meM thii| vividha tIrthakalpa meM dharmanAtha kI janmabhUmi ratnapura meM mAnI gayI hai / yaha nagara vyApAra kI dRSTi se bahuta samRddhizAlI thaa| (34) rathanUpura-cakravAlapura--haribhadra ke anusAra yaha vijayAI ko dakSiNa zreNI kA eka nagara hai / dakSiNa zreNI ke 50 nagaroM meM se yaha bAisavAM nagara par3atA hai| (35) rathanIpura'- haribhadra ke nirdezAnusAra yaha bharata kSetra kA eka nagara hai| isako sthiti mirjApura ke prAge aura ilAhAbAda ke pahale honI caahiye| (36) rAjapura--vijayArddha meM rAjapura kA nirdeza haribhadra ne kiyA hai, para yaha vartamAna meM saurASTra meM avastrita eka nagara hai| (37) lakSmInilaya--prAsAma meM isa nagara kI sthiti rahI hogii| (38) vardhanApura-uttarApatha meM isa nagara kA nirdeza haribhadra ne kiyA hai / vartamAna meM yaha kannauja ke prAsapAsa sthita koI nagara hai / (36) vasantapura-rAjagRha ke pAsa eka nagara hai / vasantapura kA saMskRta-sAhitya meM bhI ullekha pAyA hai| (40) vArANasI--kAzI deza kI pradhAna nagarI hai| varuNA aura asi nAma kI do nadiyoM ke bIca meM avasthita hone se yaha vArANasI kahI jAtI hai / yaha gaMgA ke taTa para avasthita hai / yaha pArzvanAtha kA janmasthAna hai / buddha aura mahAvIra ke samaya vArANasI bahuta hI unnata dazA meM thii| yaha nagarI Aja bhI isI nAma se prasiddha hai / (41) vilAsapura-yaha vidyAdhara nagara hai / haribhadra ne isakI sthiti vijayArddha meM mAnI hai| para yathArtha meM isakI sthiti mAlavA aura gujarAta ke madhya meM honI caahiye| madhya pradeza kA prasiddha vilAsapura bhI sambhavataH haribhadra dvArA ullikhita vilAsapura ho sakatA (42) vizAkhavarddhana-kAdambarI aTavI meM vizAkhavarddhana nagara kI sthiti batalAyI gayI hai| bihAra meM Adhunika bhAgalapura aura muMgera ke bIca isakI sthiti honI caahiye| (43) vizAlA"--avantideza kI pradhAna nagarI kA nAma hai / - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - 1--sa0 pR0 120 / 2--vahI, pR0 455 / 3-.-vahI, pR0 125 / 4-~vahI, pR0 103 / 5--- vahI, pR0 168 / 6--vahI, pR0 711 / 7--vahI, pR0 11 / 8--vahI, pR0 845 / E--sa. vaha, 412 / 10--vahI, pR0 673 / 11-vahI, pR0 289, 312 /

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(44) vairATanagara'--yaha massya pradeza kI rAjadhAnI thaa| mahAbhArata meM isakA jika mAyA hai, yahAM pANDavoM ne guptavAsa kiyA thaa| Adhunika dhaulapura, bharatapura aura jayapura kA sammilita bhUbhAga vairATa deza kahalAtA thA aura vairATanagara sambhavataH bharatapura rahA hogaa| (45) zaMkhapura-haribhA ne uttarApatha meM isa nagara kI avasthiti mAnI hai| vividha tIrthakalpa meM batAyA gayA hai ki rAjagaha se jarAsandha kI senA aura * dvArikAvatI se zrIkRSNa ko senA yuddha ke liye calI / mArga meM jahAM ye donoM senAeM milIM, vahA~ ariSTa nemi ne zaMkhadhvani kI aura zaMkhapura nAma kA nagara bsaayaa| (46) zaMkhavardhana'-haribhadra ke anusAra bharata kSetra meM zaMkhavarddhana nagara kI sthiti hai| isa nagara kI saurASTra meM sthiti rahI hogii| (47) zvetavikA-yaha kekayAI deza kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI hai| yaha zrAvastI ke pUrva meM nepAla kI tarAI meM avasthita thaa| zvatavikA se gaMgA nadI pArakara mahAvIra surabhipura pahuMce the| bauddha granthoM meM zvetavikA ko setavyA kahA gayA hai| (48) zrAvastI'--zrAvastI kuNAla yA uttara kosala deza kI mukhya nagarI thI, jo pracirAvatI (rAptI nadI ke kinAre pravasthita thii| jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM zrAvastI kA bahuta vistRta varNana hai / zrAvastI meM cAra daravAje the, jo uttaradvAra, pUrvadvAra, dakSiNadvAra tathA pazcimadvAra ke nAma se pukAre jAte the / zrAvastI meM pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI kezI muni tathA mahAvIra ke anuyAyI gautama svAmI ke mahatvapUrNa saMvAda hone kA ullekha jaina granthoM meM AtA hai| Ajakala zrAvastI ke cAroM ora ghanA jaMgala hai| yaha goMDA jilAntargata saheTa-maheTa sthAna hai| (46) zrIpura--vividha tIrthakalpa ke anusAra zrIpura meM antarikSa pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kI gayI hai / zrIpura kA nirmANa mAlI sumAli ne kiyA hai| (50) sAketa'--ayodhyA kA dUsarA nAma sAketa hai| (51) suzarmanagara---isa nagara kI sthiti gujarAta meM kahIM honI caahiye| (52) hastinApura'--yaha nagara kurudeza kI rAjadhAnI thaa| yaha janoM kA pavitra tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai| kiMvadantI hai ki ise hAstina nAma ke rAjA ne basAyA thA: yaha vartamAna meM gaMgA ke dakSiNa taTa para, meraTha se 22 mIla dUra uttara-pazcima koNa meM aura dillI se 56 mIla dakSiNa-pUrva khaMDaharoM ke rUpa meM vartamAna hai| (53) kSiti pratiSThita"--yaha rAjagRha kA dUsarA nAma hai| jaina sAhitya meM rAjagRha ko kSiti-pratiSThita, caNakapura, RSabhapura tathA kuzAgrapura nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai / jaina sAhitya ke anusAra rAjagRha meM guNasila, maMDikuccha, moggarapANi aAdi aneka 1--sa0, pR0 385 / 2 .- vahI, pR0 737 / 3--vahI, pR0 673 / 4--vahI, pR. 365-366 / 5--vahI, pR0 283 / 6-vahI, pR0 398-366 / 7--vahI, pR0 326 / 8-- vahI, pR0 234 / 6-vahI, pR0 127, 175 / 10--vahI, pR0 671, 6 /

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361 caitya mandira the / guNasila caMtya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aneka bAra bhAkara Thahare the / pahAr3iyoM ghire rahane ke kAraNa yaha nagara giribraja ke nAma se bhI prakhyAta thaa| rAjagRha vyApAra kA bar3A kendra thaa| yahAM se takSazilA, pratiSThAna, kapilavastu, kusInagara zrAdi bhArata ke prasiddha nagaroM ko jAne ke mArga bane hue the / vividha tIrthakalpa meM rAjagRha meM chattIsa hajAra gharoM ke hone kA ullekha hai / vartamAna meM rAjagRha paTanA jile kA rAjagira hI hai / haribhadra kI bhaugolika sAmagrI para vicAra kara lene ke uparAnta unake dvArA nirUpita rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, zrArthika aura dhArmika zravasthAnoM para vicAra karanA pratyAvazyaka hai / ataH sarvaprathama haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM nirUpita rAjanIti para vicAra kiyA jAtA haM / rAjataMtra aura zAsana vyavasthA --- haribhadra ne rAjA, mahArAjA, sAmanta aura mahAsAmanta ina cAra zabdoM kA prayoga rAjya zAsaka ke liye kiyA hai / haribhadra ke varNanoM se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki mahArAja eka vistRta bhUkhaMDa kA svAmI hotA thA / yaha bhUkhaMDa eka nagara yA janapada se jyAdA vistRta rahatA thA / haribhadra ne mahArAjA kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai - "aneka sAmantamaMDala jisake caraNoM meM namaskAra karate the, jisane aneka maMDalAdhipa ko jIta liyA thA, aneka deza jisake adhIna the / dasoM dizAoM meM jo vikhyAta nirmala yazavAlA thA aura dharma, artha tathA kAma puruSArtha ke sampAdana meM jo zravirodharUpa se saMlagna rahatA thA, vaha mahArAja thaa| mahArAja ke liye eka vizeSaNa sampUrNa maMDalAdhipati' bhI diyA gayA hai, isa vizeSaNa se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki mahArAja sArvabhaumika samrAT ke rUpa meM vyavahRta huA hai / sakala sAmanta svAmI bhI mahArAja ko kahA jAtA thaa| 1 rAjA -- rAjA nagarAdhipati ke rUpa meM prayukta huprA haiM / haribhadra ne isakA varNana karate hue batAyA hai ki " dharmAdharma vyavasthApUrvaka rAjya pAlana karane meM tatpara, sabhI ke mana ko zrAnandita karane vAlA, sAmantamaMDala meM anurakta, dIna, anAtha, duHkhI ke upakAra meM rata, yathocita guNayukta rAjA hotA thaa"| kauzAmbI nareza isI prakAra kA rAjA thA / sAmanta-- sAmanta rAjA ke pAsa durga aura senA rahatI thii| kabhI-kabhI vaha zrahaMkAravaza ho apane svAmI ke sAtha bagAvata kara baiThatA thA / jayapura ke rAjA siMha kumAra ke prati durmati nAma ke par3osI prAvika sAmantarAja kI bagAvata kA ullekha haribhadra ne vistAra se kiyA hai" / zukranIti ke anusAra jisakI vArSika prAya eka lAkha cAMdI ke kArSApaNa hotI thI, vaha sAmanta kahalAtA thA / haribhadra ke varNana se itanA spaSTa hai ki sAmanta ke pAsa apanI senA rahatI thI, vaha apane DhaMga se apane rAjya kI vyavasthA karatA thA aura apane svAmI ko kara detA thA / 1 - - aNe yasAmanta paNivaiyacalaNajuyalo, sa0 pR0 15 / -- vahI, pR0 6 / 2- 3 - vahI, pR0 365 / 4 -- dhamAdhamma vavatthaparipAlaNarayo, vahI, pR0 142 / -- vahI, pR0 362 / 6 -- sAmantarAyA duggabhUmibalagavvino - vahI, pR0 147 / 7-- sa0 pR0 147-148 / 8- - harSa 0 saM0 pu0 216 |

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mahAsAmanta--jo aneka sAmantoM kA adhipati, rAjA kA atyanta vizvasanIya aura rAjA ke samAna vaibhavavAlA hotA thA, vaha mahAsAmanta kahalAtA thaa| haribhadra ne lakSmIkAMta nAmaka mahAsAmanta kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| isakI kanyA kusumAvalI kA vivAha jayapura nareza ke putra siMhakumAra ke sAtha huA thaa| mahAsAmanta ke adhikAra meM sabhI prakAra kI senA, koSa evaM anya prakAra ke sabhI svatva rahate the| pradhAna sAmanta kA ullekha bhI upalabdha hotA hai / pradhAna sAmanta rAjA ko adhika priya aura nikaTa hotA thaa| rAjA kA nirvAcana aura uttarAdhikAra haribhadra ke anusAra rAjya vaMza paramparA se hI prApta hotA hai / pitA caturtha avasthA meM Atmazodhana ke liye vana meM calA jAtA thA aura rAjyAdhikAra apane jyeSTha putra ko detA thaa| dvitIya putra yuvarAja banAyA jAtA thaa| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA thA ki putra hI yuvaka hone para yuvarAja banAyA jAtA thaa| rAjya sadA paTarAnI ke putra ko hI milatA thaa| putra ke abhAva meM rAjA kA nirvAcana paMcadevAdhivAsita athavA prazvAdhivAsita dvArA sampanna hotA thaa| haribhadra ne eka laghukathA meM azvAdhivAsana kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki eka rAjA putrahIna mara gayA thaa| ataH rAjA ke nirvAcana ke liye abhimantrita kara azva ko chor3A gyaa| yaha azva udyAna meM vRkSa ke nIce dUra deza se hae rAjakamAra ke pAsa jAkara hIMsane lgaa| nagaravAsiyoM aura maMtriyoM ne usa ajanabI vyakti ko rAjA banA diyaa| isI prakAra venyAtaTa ke rAjA kI mRtyu hone para hAthI, ghor3A, chatra, camarayugala aura kalaza ina pAMcoM ko divyAdhivAsita kara rAjA nirvAcita karane ke liye inheM chor3A gyaa| jisa eka hI vyakti ke pAsa jAkara hAthI garjana karatA, ghor3A hinahina.tA, camara yugala svayameva jhUlane lagate, chatra svayaM hI jAkara zira ke Upara saraka jAtA aura kalaza svayaM abhiSeka karatA, vahI vyakti rAjA banA diyA jAtA thaa| vanyAtaTa meM maladeva nAmaka vyakti ko isI prakAra rAjA banAyA gyaa| rAjA banane para rAjyAbhiSeka sampanna hotA thaa| haribhadra ne rAjyAbhiSeka kA bar3A sundara varNana kiyA hai (sa0 pR0 152 / ) __ rAjyAbhiSeka karane ke liye mAMgalika dravya maMgAye jAte the| ina mAMgalika dravyoM meM do machaliyAM. parNa kalaza. zvetapaSpa. mahApadama, siddhArthA--pIlI sarasoM,pathvI-piNDa,vaSabha, dadhipUrNavartana, mahAratna, gorocana, siMhacarma, zvetachatra, bhadrAsana, cAmara, dUrvA, svacchamadirA, mahAdhvaja, gajamada, dhAnya aura dukula pradhAna the| rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya bar3A utsava sampanna kiyA jAtA thaa| nagara sajAyA jAtA thA aura yAcakoM ko yathecchadAna diyA jAtA thaa| uttarAdhikAra kI prApti ke liye jhagar3e bhI hote the| bar3e bhAI ke rAjA banane para choTA bhAI bagAvata bhI karatA thaa| yataH haribhadra ne rAjya kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki yaha rAjya mAMsa ke Tukar3e ke samAna hai, jisake liye kuTumbI rUpI kAka Apasa meM 1--sa0 10 76--83 / / 2--pure aputto rAyA mapra , Aso AhivAsiyo, jIe rukkhachAyAe rAyaputto riNavaNNo ... ... . to AseNa tassovari ThAiUNa hiMsita, rAyA ya abhisatto, aNegAriNa sayasahassAriNa jAyAriNa-da0 hA0 pR0 216 / 3--naranAho divvaI ahivAsijjaMti vo paMca-upa0 pR0 26 / 4--sa0 pa0 481 / 5---mahAmisabhUyaM khu, sa0 pU0 484 /

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363 kalaha aura yuddha karate rahate haiM / samasta anarthoM kI jar3a yaha rAjya hai / isakI prApti kI kAmanA se vyakti unmatta ho jAtA hai aura nAnA prakAra ke pApAcaraNa karatA hai / usakA hitAhita kA viveka lupta ho jAtA haiM / use kArya prakArya kA jJAna nahIM rahatA hai / rAjA apane zAsana ko suvyavasthita karane ke liye maMtrimaMDala, purohita, yuvarAja, sAmanta, pradhAna sAmanta, mahAsAmanta evaM anya adhikAriyoM kA saMghaTana karatA thA / maMtrimaMDala aura maMtriyoM kA nirvAcana maMtrimaMDala meM ekAdhika maMtrI hote the aura ina saba meM eka pradhAnamaMtrI rahatA thA / pradhAnamaMtrI ko bRhaspati aura zukra ke samAna buddhi aura nIti meM pravINa hone para bhI "iMgiyAgArakusala Na" " rAjAnoM ke saMketa aura ceSTAzroM kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hotA thA / rAjA pratyeka kArya ke liye maMtrimaMDala kI salAha letA thA, usI parAmarza ke anusAra rAjya vyavasthA karatA thaa| maMtrI vaMzaparamparA ke anusAra hote the / para maMtriyoM kA kabhIkabhI nirvAcana bhI hotA thA / ujjayinI ke nareza jitazatru ne apane maMtrimaMDala meM rohaka ko lene ke liye usakI buddhimAnI kI nAnA taraha se parIkSA lI thii| vibhinna prakAra kI aisI samasyAeM use dI gaI thIM, jinakA samAdhAna sAdhAraNa vyakti kabhI nahIM kara sakatA thA / usane parIkSA ke liye eka meSa bhejA aura kahalavAyA ki 15 dinoM taka isako rakhiye, para itane dinoM meM isakA vajana na ghaTe aura na bar3he / yadi vajana ghaTabar3ha jAyagA jo sabhI gAMva vAloM ko daMDa diyA jAyagA / rohaka ne apanI buddhimAnI se usa meSa ko jyoM-kA-tyoM rkhaa| usI prakAra aura bhI kaI prakAra kI samasyAeM dekara usakI parIkSA kI aura pUrNa buddhimAna samajhakara rAjA ne use pradhAna maMtrI kA pada diyA / eka anya rAjA ke saMbaMdha meM bhI eka upAkhyAna zrAyA hai, jise apane maMtrimaMDala meM eka maMtrI kI niyukti karanI thii| isa sthAna ke liye use atyanta buddhimAna vyakti kI zrAvazyakatA thI / ataH usane ghoSaNA karAyI ki nagara ke tAlAba ke madhyavartI stambha ko jo vyakti taTa para sthita hokara hI bAMdha degA, use puraskAra diyA jAyagA / ghoSaNA ke anusAra aneka vyaktiyoM ne stambha ko bAMdhane kA prayAsa kiyA, para koI bhI saphala na ho skaa| anta meM eka buddhimAna vyakti aayaa| usane tAlAba ke kinAre para eka sthANu-khUMTA gAr3A aura usameM tAlAba kI lambAI ke barAbara rassI baaNdhii| pazcAt usa khUMTa ko ghumAkara usa rassI ko ghumAne lagA, jisase tAlAba ke madhya kA stambha sahaja meM hI baMdha gayA / maMtriyoM ke nirvAcana ke saMbaMdha meM haribhadra ne aneka upAkhyAna likhe haiM / zrataH spaSTa haiM ki maMtrI paramparAgata hone ke sAtha-sAtha nirvAcana aura parIkSaNa dvArA bhI niyukta kiye jAte the / rAjya kA bhAra maMtriyoM ke Upara adhika rahatA thA / maMtriyoM meM paraspara zatrutA bhI rahatI thii| haribhadra ne subandhu aura cANakya kI zatrutA kA nirdeza kiyA hai / " prabhAvazAlI buddhimAn maMtrI rAjA ke Upara apanA pUrNa prabhutva rakhatA thaa| rAjA sabhI prakAra ke kArya maMtrI aura purohita ke parAmarza se hI sampanna karatA thA / 1 - sa0 pR0 151 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 151 / 3 - upa0 gA0 52-- 66 / 4-vahI, gAthA 90 / 5-- da0 hA0 pR0 182 /

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364 rAjapurohita--haribhadra ne rAjapurohita ke guNoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki purohita sakala jana ke dvArA sammAnita, dharmazAstra kA pAThI, lokavyavahAra pravINa, nItikuzala, vAgmI, alpArambhaparigrahavAlA aura maMtra-taMtra prAdi sakala zAstroM kA vettA hotA thaa| kabhI-kabhI rAjapurohita se dUtakArya bhI liyA jAtA thaa| rAjya ke upadrava athavA rAjA kI vyAdhiyoM ke zamana ke liye purohita yajJAnuSThAna bhI sampanna karatA thaa| zAsana--zAsana kA kArya rAjA svayaM karatA thaa| prArambha meM aparAdhoM kI jAMca maMtrI karate the, pazcAt rAjA ko mukadame sauMpe jAte the| nyAyAdhIza bhI hote the, jinakA kArya prArambhika jAMca karanA thaa| rAjA kA guptacara vibhAga bhI thA, jo corI, DakaitI prAdi ke aparAdhoM kI jAnakArI prApta karatA thaa| aparAdhI kI prAkRti, bhayavihvalatA, kAtaratA, prAdi se aparAdhoM kI jAnakArI kI jAtI thii| haribhadra kI kathAoM ke avalokana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki corI kA bahuta pracAra thaa| rAjA ke koSAgAra se corI ho jAyA karatI thii| haribhadra ne batAyA hai ki kauzAmbI nareza svayaM mukadamoM kI jAMca aneka prakAra se karatA thaa| mAtra prazna pUchakara hI nirNaya nahIM karatA thA, balki saMbhava sabhI upAyoM ke dvArA pramANa ekatra karatA thaa| dhanazrI ke mukadame meM rAjA ne dhanazrI ke pitA ke pAsa bhI patra bhejA thA aura vahAM se uttara prAne para daMDa kI vyavasthA kI thii| pecIde mAmaloM ke liye divya sahAre grahaNa kiye jAte the| rAjA paMcakula sahita jagAta ke mAla kA nirIkSaNa karatA thA tathA kara kA nirdhAraNa bhii| nagara ke pramukha vyaktiyoM meM java vivAda utpanna ho jAtA thA, to nagara ke pradhAna vyakti milakara usa vivAda kA nirNaya karate the aura nirNaya donoM hI pakSoM ko mAnya hotA thA / - daNDapAzika 'mAjakala ke esa0pI0 jaisA hotA thaa| use adhikAra bhI esa0 pI0 ke prApta the| sAmAnya aparAdhiyoM ko daMDa vyavasthA vaha akelA hI karatA thaa| makadama vaMDapAzika ke bAda maMtrimaMDala meM upasthita hote the, pazcAt rAjA unakA avalokana karatA thaa"| yuvarAja bhI rAjya vyavasthA ke calAne meM pUrNa sahayoga detA thaa| virodhI rAjA kA sAmanA karane ke liye prAyaH yuvarAja senA lekara jAtA thaa| rAjA amAtya, daMDapAzika, purohita prAdi ke atirikta nimna adhikAriyoM ko niyukta karatA thaa| 1--sa0 pR0 10 / 2--vahI, pR0 38 / 3--vahI, pR 21 / 4--vahI, pR0 256 / 5--vahI, pa0 208 / 6--vahI, pR0 360 / 7--vahI, pR0 257 / 8--vahI, pR0 362 / E--vahI, pR0 560 / 10--vahI, pR0 561 / 11--vahI, pR0 498 / 12--vahI, pR. 846 / 13--vahI, pR0 846-50 / 14---vaha, pR. 773 / 15- vahI, pR. 898 /

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365 senApati senA kA pradhAna hotA thA, kintu yuddha ke avasara para rAjA svayaM hI senApati kA kArya karatA thaa| vidyAdhara kumAra bANa varSA dvArA yuddha karate the aura bhUmigocarI rAjakumAra khaDga, kuntala, trizUla aura bhiNDimAla dvaaraa| yuddha ke avasara para apane sahAyaka yA adhInastha rAjAoM aura sAmantoM ko bulA liyA jAtA thaa| haribhadra ne skandhAvAra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / isameM gajazAlA aura mandurA--ghor3e aura UMToM ke rahane kA sthAna hotA thaa| ratha aura paidala senA kA bhI nivAsa isImeM rahatA thaa| skandhAvAra Ajakala kI chAvanI ke samAna rahatA thaa| antaHpura, rAjaprAsAda aura AsthAnamaNDapa rAjA kA antaHpura bahuta vizAla aura ramya hotA thaa| yaha rAjaprAsAda kA vaha bhAga thA, jahAM rAniyoM kA nivAsa rahatA thaa| rAjA kA zayanagRha bhI antaHpura meM hotA thaa| haribhadra ne varNana karate hue likhA hai ki candramA kI candrikA samAna zveta, maNi aura ratnoM ke maMgaladIpoM se yukta zayanagRha thA / isake pharza para sugandhita puSpa vikIrNa the, nirmala maNiyoM kI kAMti para kastUrI kA lepa kiyA gayA thaa| svarNa stambhoM ko devadRSya vastroM se AcchAdita kiyA gayA thaa| ujjvala aura vicitra vastroM ke vitAna banAye gaye the| zreSTha maMgAnoM ke lAlavarNa ke palaMga the, ina para rUI ke gadde bicha the| zreSTha ke manohara pAtra banAye gaye the| vAsagRha meM sundara aura sugandhita mAlAeM laTaka rahI thIM, svarNaghaMToM se sugandhita. dhUpa kA dhuAM nikala rahA thaa| isameM caTula haMsa aura pArAvata krIr3A kara rahe the| tAmbUloM meM kara bITikAeM lagAkara sugandhi kI vRddhi kI gayI thii| khir3akiyoM meM vilepana ko sugandhita sAmagrI rakhI thii| svarNa ke pyAloM meM sugandhita vAruNI bharI gaI thii| ___ina bhavanoM kI dIvAle pAradarzI hotI thIM, jisase nAyikAoM ke vikAra bhAva dekhane se sakhiyAM haMsatI thiiN| uttuMgatoraNa, stambhoM para jhalatI zAlabhaMjikAeM apanA manorama dRzya upasthita karatI thiiN| sundara gavAkSa aura vedikAeM thiiN| dIvAloM meM maNiyAM jaTita thiiN| zayana gahoM meM sugandhita puSpoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa bhramara guMjAra kara rahe the| unake guMjana kI madhura dhvani saMgIta kA sRjana karatI thii| campaka mAlAeM apanI nirAlI chaTA dikhalAtI thiiN| sugandhita cUrNo kI gandha ur3a rahI thii| jo gadde bichAye gaye the 4 kharagoza ke camar3e ke samAna atyanta mRdula the| zayanagRha kA vAtAvaraNa bahuta hI ramaNIka aura prAnandavardhaka thaa| snigdha pharza sugandhita cUrNa ke saMyoga se aura adhika snigdha evaM prAmodamaya pratIta hote the| zayanagRha kI bhittikAoM se camakatI huI bahamalya maNiyAM jhilamila karane vAle dIpakoM ko bhI tiraskRta karatI thiiN| zayanakakSa ke pahale prAsthAnamaNDapa hotA thaa| mahA-prAsthAnamaNDapa ko bAhya prAsthAnamaNDapa bhI kahA gayA hai / isa bhAga ko prAsthAna, rAjasabhA yA kevala sabhA bhI kahA jAtA thaa| ise hI mugala-mahaloM meM darbAra-grAma kahA gayA hai / prAsthAnamaNDapa ke sAmane kucha khulA bhAga bhI rahatA thaa| rAjA prAsthAnamaNDapa meM hI rAjakArya karatA thaa| 1--sa0, pR0 316 / 2-vahI, pR0 261-262 / 3--vahI pR0 548-546 / 4--sa0, pR0 601 / 5--vahI, pR0 261 / 6--vahI, pu. 45 /

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sarvatobhadra prAsAda sabhI prakAra kI sukha-savidhAoM se paripUrNa yaha rAja prAsAda hotA thaa| isameM toraNa aura vandana-mAlAeM sadA laTakatI rahatI thiiN| sugandhita dhala aura manorama puSpamAlAeM isake saundarya ko nirantara vRddhi karatI rahatI thiiN| vimAnachandaka prAsAda rAjadhAnI ke bAhara bhI rAjA sundara aura svAsthyaprada sthAna para apane liye prAsAdoM kA nirmANa karAtA thaa| guNasena kI rAjadhAnI kSitipratiSTha nagara meM thI, usane basantapara meM apane rahane ke liye vimAna chandaka nAma kA prAsAda nirmita karAyA thaa| yaha varSA Rtu kI zobhA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA thaa| yaha bhavana kAlAguru prAdi ke dhamavitAna ke kAraNa meghaghaTA chAdita dudina kA anukaraNa kara rahA thaa| isameM ratnahAra vidyut ke samAna, muktAvaliyAM jaladhArA ke samAna, camara paMktiyAM lAkA paMkti ke samAna, raMgIna vastroM kI zobhA indra dhanuSa ke samAna thii| gandhodaka sugandhita jala se siMcita bhUmibhAga para sugandhita puSpa vikIrNa rahate the, jina para bhauMre guMjAra kara rahe the| isakI dIvAloM meM mUlyavAna maNiyAM jaTita thiiN| stambhoM para svaNa jar3A gayA thA, sandara galiyAM aura dvAra the| ekastambha prAsAda rAjA kabhI-kabhI apane liye vicitra prakAra ke bhavana bhI banavAtA thaa| haribhadra ne dazavakAlika kI vRtti meM batAyA hai ki rAjA zreNika ne apane maMtrI abhayakumAra ko eka stambha kA prAsAda nirmita karAne kI prAjJA dI thii| abhayakumAra ne isa bhavana kA nirmANa devI sahAyatA se karAyA thaa| isameM sarvadA phalane-phUlane vAlA daivI udyAna thaa| isa vicitra prAsAda kA apUrva hI saundarya thaa'| aSTa sahasra stambha prAsAda rAjA jitazatru ne ATha hajAra stambhoM kA eka sabhA bhavana banavAyA thaa| upadezapada meM batAyA gayA hai ki basantapura ke rAjA jitazatru kA maMtrI satya bar3A hI buddhimAna aura nItikazala thaa| isane pATha hajAra stambha kA eka manorama sabhA bhavana banavAyA thaa| isa bhavana kA pratyeka stambha atyanta snigdha aura aneka varNoM kA thaa| eka-eka stambha ke Upara pATha-pATha hajAra mAnava prAkRtiyAM banAyI gayI thiiN| bhavanodyAna haribhadra ne mahAvana, upavana, udyAna aura pramadavana ina cAra prakAra ke udyAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / mahAvana se tAtparya jaMgalI aTavI se hai, jahAM siMhAdi pazu kor3A karate hai| upavana nagara ke bAhara rahatA thaa| basanta yA madana mahotsava ke avasara para nagara bhara ke loga Ananda krIr3A ke liye isameM jAte the| udyAna nagara ke madhya meM sArvajanika pArka ke samAna hotA thaa| isameM rAgI vyakti krIr3A karake mana bahAlane jAte the| bhavanodyAna yA pramadavana rAjAoM ke prAsAda meM hI rahatA thaa| isameM rAjA aura rAniyAM krIr3A karatI thiiN| haribhadra ne batAyA hai ki puSpapAda , zobhApAdapa tathA latAmaNDapa isa udyAna meM rahate the| inhoMne varNana karate hue likhA hai--"gRha sArikAoM se mukharita drAkSAlatA maNDapa, navavara ke samAna lAla pattoM se suzobhita azokasamUha, caMcala sundara haMsoM dvArA idhara-udhara 1--sa0, pR0 43 / 2--vahI, pR0 15 / 3--80 hA0, pR0 81-82 / 4--upa0 gA0 6, pR0 22 /

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kiye gaye kamaloM vAlI bhavana kI bAvar3iyAM ke kamala vana khaMDa, kokila ke maghara kUjana se mukharita AmrakuMja, puSpoM ke madhupAna se mudita bhramaroM dvArA paricArita mAdhavI latA maNDapa, nAgavallI ke samuha se samAligita supAr3I ke phala samUha, apanI sugandhi se digamaNDala ko suvAsita karane vAle kuMkuma-kezara ke guccha, manda vAyu se prAndolita netra ko priya lagane vAle kAlIgaha evaM sugandhita aura manorama mAdhavI sabhA maNDapa bhavanodyAna kI zobhA bar3hA rahe the / isa bhavanodyAna ke pradhAna do bhAga rahate the-(1) kadalI gRha aura (2) mAdhavI latAmaNDapa / bhavanadIrghikA bhavanodyAna ke bhItara se lekara antaHpura taka eka choTI-sI nahara rahatI thii| lambI hone ke kAraNa ise bhavanadIpikA yA gRhadIpikA kahA gayA hai / dIpikA ke madhya meM gandhodaka se pUrNa krIr3A vApiyAM banAyI jAtI thiiN| inameM kamala sadA vikasita rahate the| rAjahaMsa inameM manorama krIr3A karate the| bhavana dodhikA meM rAjA aura rAniyAM snAna karatI thiiN| bhavanadIpikA kA varNana harSacarita meM bhI isI prakAra pAyA hai / DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne ise usa kAla ke rAjaprAsAdoM kI vastukalA kI vizeSatA hI batalAyA hai / mahAnasagaha aura bAhyAlI rAjaprAsAda ke eka khaMDa meM rasoIghara banAyA jAtA thaa| bhojana karane ke sthAna ko AhAra maNDapa kahA gayA hai| rAjaprAsAda ke bAhara bAgAlI-ghor3e para savAra hokara bhramaNa karane kA sthAna (sa0 pR0 16) rAjaputroM ke liye rahatA thaa| antaHpura kI vyavasthA ke liye rAjA nimna karmacAriyoM kI niyukti karatA thA:-- (1) vaitra yaSTi sthApita pratihArI-paharA dene vAle prtihaarii| (2) laghukaMcuko'- mahaDa kaMcuiyA--sUcanA dene vAle kNcukii| (3) kanyAntaHpura mahatka'--vRddha prtihaarii|| (4) sUpakAra'--bhojana banAne kA kArya karane vAle / rAjA jaba nagara meM pahuMcatA to puravAsI nagara ko khUba sajAte the| mahArAja guNasena basantapura se jaba kSitipratiSTha rAjadhAnI meM AyA to nagaravAsiyoM ne dhvajA aura toraNoM se nagara ko sajAyA thaa| haribhadra ne isa sajAvaTa kA varNana karate hue likhA hai-- "Usiyavicittakeunivaha, vivihakayahaTTasohaM " 'ityAdi arthAt vaha nagara unnata nAnA varNa kI dhvajAoM se yukta thaa| usake bAjAra nAnA prakAra kI sajAvaTa se paripUrNa the| rAjamArgoM para sugandhita puSpa vikIrNa kiye gaye the, mahaloM ke Upara saphedI karAyI gayI thI. aura unheM mAlAoM se zobhita kiyA gayA thaa| itanA hI nahIM nagara ko mahAvaibhava se paripUrNa kiyA gayA thaa| rAjA dharma premI hotA thaa| vaha janatA ke yogakSema meM pramAda nahIM karatA thaa| utsAhapUrvaka samasta kAryoM kA sampAdana karatA thaa| rAjA ke lie jina kalA aura 1--sa0, pR0 87, 88, 321 / 2--vahI, pR0 473, 62 / 3--vahI, pR0 22 / 4. vahI, pR0 382 / 5- vahI, pR0 22 / 6--vahI, pR0 43 //

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368 yogyatAoM kI AvazyakatA batAyI gayI hai, unameM yuddha aura zAsana meM paTu honA atyanta pramukha hai / sAma, dAma, bheda aura daMDa ina cAra nItiyoM kA rAjA prayoga karatA thA / kilebandI kara apane rAjya ko ajeya banAtA thA / manoraMjana ke lie rAjA caupar3a khelatA thaa| kabhI-kabhI antaHpura meM dyUta bhI khelA jAtA thA / tapasviyoM ke prati rAjA kI atyanta Adarabuddhi rahatI thii| inase rAjA ghabar3AtA thA / tapasviyoM ko apane yahAM bulAnA aura unake darzana karane jAnA tathA AdarapUrvaka unakA pravacana sunanA rAjA apanA karttavya samajhatA thA / rAjadhAnI se bAhara bhramaNa ke lie bhI rAjA jAtA thA / koI-koI rAjA zikAra bhI khelatA thA / prajA ke sAtha utsavoM meM bhI rAjA bhAga letA thA 1 nyAya aura vyavasthA ke nimitta kabhI-kabhI rAjA apane priyajanoM ko bhI deza- nirvAsana kA daMDa detA thA / prajA kI zikAyata ko rAjA bar3e dhyAna se sunatA thA / prajA yadi usake putra yA bandhu kI zikAyata bhI karatI thI, to rAjA use bhI yathocita daMDa detA thaa| dUsare ke vicAroM ko jAnanA, sunanA aura dhyAna denA rAjA apanA karttavya samajhatA thaa| yaha balavAn, unnatacetA aura saMyamI hotA thA / tatvAbhinivezI hokara rAjya vyavasthA karatA thA / sAmAjika jIvana haribhadra ne sAmAjika racanA ke tAne-bAne ko vibhinna tatroM se ghulA-milA pradarzita kiyA haiM / inake dvArA gRhIta bharata, airAvata aura viraha kSetra meM vibhinna jAtiyoM ke loga nivAsa karate haiM tathA inakA sAmAjika jIvana bhI aneka upAdAnoM se saMgaThita hai / varNa aura jAtiyAM paramparAgata cAroM varNoM kA ullekha prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya kathAgraMthoM meM pAyA jAtA haiM / haribhadra ne brAhamaNa, kSatriya, vaNik-vaM zya aura zUdra ina cAroM varNoM kA kathana kiyA haiM, tathA cAroM varNoM se apane pAtroM ko cunA hai| haribhadra ne mUlataH mAnavajAti ke do bheda kiye haiM--Arya aura anArya / ucca AcAra-vicAra vAle guNI puruSoM ko Arya kahA hai / jo AcAra-vicAra se bhraSTa hoM tathA jinheM dharma-karma kA kucha viveka na ho unheM anArya yA mleccha kahA gayA hai| haribhadra ne yakSa, nAga, vidyAdhara aura gandharva jAtiyoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / vindhyamekhalA meM Agneya vaMza kI zavara - pulinda Adi jAtiyoM ke nivAsa kA ullekha vidyamAna haiM anArya jAtiyoM meM zaka, yavana, zavara, barbarakAya, muhaNDoDra aura gaur3a jAtiyoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM / Arya jAti ke antargata abhijAtya varga ke logoM ke atirikta 1 1 - sa0 pR0, 957 / 2 -- yoM to samarAiccakahA ke sabhI bhavoM kI kathA meM isa prakAra kA varNana AtA haiM, para vizeSataH samarAiccakahA kA prathama bhava - rAjA guNasena kA tApasI Azrama meM jAnA / 3 - vahI, pR0 174 / 4- prAyaH sabhI madanotsavoM meM rAjA prajA ke sAtha vanavihAra ke lie gayA hai, vaha pR0 647, 368 / 5 -- vahI, pR0 6 - - vahI, pR0 367 / 348 / '

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366 cANDAla, Dombalika, rajaka, carmakAra, zAkunika, matsyabandha aura nApita' jAti ke nAmollekha milate haiM / ye sabhI jAtiyAM zUdra jAti meM sammilita thIM / 3 zabara aura bhilla jaMgala meM apane rAjya banAkara rahate the / rAjya kA adhipati pallIpati kahalAtA thA / kisI-kisI pallIpati kA sambandha abhijAtya varga ke rAjA se bhI rahatA thA aura usa rAjA ke adhInastha rahakara apane rAjya kA saMcAlana karatA thA / haribhadra ke AkhyAnoM se aisA avagata hotA hai ki zabara prAyaH lUTapATa kiyA karate the 1 jaMgala meM pUrNa inakA Adhipatya rahatA thA / pallIpati zabaroM kI dekhabhAla rakhatA thA tathA lUTa ke mAla meM bhI adhikAMza usIko ho prApta hotA thA 1 4 . cANDAloM ke rahane ke lie "pANavADa" -- pRthak cANDAla nivAsa rahate the / inakA kArya logoM ko phAMsI denA, prANa lenA tathA anya isI prakAra ke krUra karma karanA thA / rajaka ko vastra zodhaka bhI kahA hai, yataH vastra sApha karane kA kArya rajaka karate the / nApita apane kArya ke atirikta rAjA ko pAkhAnA karAne kA kArya bhI karate the / sArthavAha eka vyApArika jAti thI, jo vyApAra dvArA deza ke eka kone se dUsare kone taka dhanArjana kA kArya karatI thI / vidyAdhara jAti maMtrasiddhi dvArA aneka prakAra ko adbhuta aura Azcaryajanaka zaktiyoM se sampanna thI 1 parivAra gaThana parivAra eka AdhArabhUta sAmAjika samUha hai / isake kAryoM kA vistRta svarUpa vibhinna samAjoM meM vibhinna hotA hai, phira bhI isake mUlabhUta kArya saba jagaha samAna hI haiN| kAma kI svAbhAvika vRtti ko lakSya meM rakhakara yaha yauna sambandha aura santAnotpatti kI kriyAoM ko niyamita karatA hai / yaha bhAvanAtmaka ghaniSThatA kA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karatA hai, tathA bAlaka samucita poSaNa aura sAmAjika vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka pRSThabhUmi detA hai / isa prakAra eka vyakti ke samAjIkaraNa aura sAMskRtikaraNa kI prakriyA meM parivAra kA mahatvapUrNa bhAga hotA hai / ina AdhArabhUta kAryoM ke atirikta isakA nizcita Arthika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika tathA sAMskRtika mahattva bhI hai| parivAra ke nimna kArya pramukha haiM- (1) strI-puruSa ke yauna sambandha ko vihita aura niyaMtrita karanA / (2) vaMzavardhana ke nimitta santAna kI utpatti, saMrakSaNa aura pAlana karanA / (3) gRha aura gArhasthya meM strI-puruSa kA sahavAsa aura niyojana | (4) jIvana ko sahayoga aura sahakAritA ke AdhAra para sukhI aura samRddha banAnA / (5) aihika unnati ke sAtha pAralaukika yA AdhyAtmika unnati karanA / (6) jAtIya jIvana ke sAtatya ko dRr3ha rakhate hue dharma kArya sampanna karanA / - sa0, pR0 905 / 2- vahI, pR0 348 / 3 - - kAlaseNo nAma pallIvaI, vahI, pR0 504 / 4- - vahI, pa0 529-30 / 5- vahI, pR0 523 / 6 --- Usaino nAma vatthasohago, vahI, pR0 51 / 7 - vahI, pR0 450 -452 / --22 eDa0

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370 haribhadra ke vizleSaNa ke anusAra Atma-saMrakSaNa aura Atma vikAsa kI bhAvanA ne mAnava samAja meM vivAha aura parivAra kI saMsthA ko utpanna kiyA hai / mAtRsneha, pitRprema, dAmpatya- Asakti, apatyaprIti aura sahavartikA parivAra ke mukhya AdhAra haiN| ina AdhAroM para hI parivAra ke prAsAda kA nirmANa hotA hai / haribhadra kI kathAoM meM pitRsattAtmaka parivAroM kA hI ullekha milatA hai tathA ye pitRsattAtmaka parivAra saMyukta aura asaMyukta donoM rUpoM meM milate haiM / haribhadra ke pAtra yAtAyAta kI asuvidhAoM aura yAtrAoM ke bhArI khataroM ke rahane para bhI samudra yAtrA karate the / dhanArjana ke lie patnI sahita videza jAte the / ataH parivAra vighaTana ke upAdAna haribhadra ne ekatra kara diye the / phalataH asaMyukta parivAroM kA nirdeza haribhadra ne usa AThavIM zatI meM kiyA hai| saMyukta parivAra ke sabhI sAdhana aura upAdAna usa samaya prastuta the / rAjanItika paristhiti bhI usa samaya deza kI isI prakAra kI thI, jisameM saMyukta parivAra hI Tika sakate the / gupta yuga meM hUNoM ke jabardasta hamale hue| inase lar3ate-lar3ate gupta samrAToM kI zakti kSINa ho gii| AThavIM zatI ke Arambha meM sindha para araboM ke AkramaNa prArambha hue| ye loga na kevala rAjanaM tika vijetA the, apitu islAma kI ojasvinI aura ugra bhAvanA se anuprANita the / ataH saMyukta parivAra ke lie yaha sthiti bar3I anukUla thii| bApa-dAdA kI sampatti chor3akara anyatra naye sthAna meM jAne kA sAhasa sAmAnyataH naSTa ho cukA thaa| rAjya kI avyavasthA ke kAraNa narezoM ke ApasI AkramaNoM ke atirikta cora, DAkU aura luTeroM kA bhI pUrNa AtaMka thaa| senA aura pulisa ke vizAla tathA vyavasthita saMgaThana bhI nahIM the / ataH eka bar3e saMyukta parivAra kI AvazyakatA thI, jo sugamatA se apanI rakSA kara sake / vighaTita parivAra ko to AsAnI se lUTA jA sakatA thA / saMyukta parivAra Arthika dRSTi se bhI sabala rahatA thA / haribhadra dvArA pratipAdita saMyukta parivAra ke ghaTaka haribhadra ne jisa saMyukta parivAra kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usake tIna pramukha ghaTaka haiM -- (1) dAmpatya sambandha - strI-puruSa kA yauna sambandha jIvana kA prAthamika AdhAra hai, para aMtima nahIM | kartavya aura bhAvanA isake uccatara AdhAra the, jinake prabhAva se yauna sambandha ko bhI sArthakatA aura mahattva milatA thaa| dhArmika, sAmAjika aura Arthika kartavyoM ke pAlana meM dampa ko pUrI samAnatA aura sahakAritA thii| pati aura patnI ke bIca vilAsavatI aura sanatkumAra, ratnavatI aura guNacandra evaM zaktivatI aura senakumAra ke dAmpatya jIvana hamAre samakSa parivAra kA yathArtha rUpa upasthita karate haiM / kusumAvalI aura siMhakumAra kA dAmpatya jIvana bhI gArhasthya jIvana ke madhura sambandha kI sundara abhivyaMjanA karatA hai| pati ke anuzAsana kA kSetra sImita thA / vaha patnI ke sAtha pAzavika vyavahAra karane meM svataMtra nahIM thA / lakSmI aura jAlinI jaisI nAriyAM akSamya aparAdha karane para bhI kSamya aura dayA kI pAtrI samajhI jAtI thIM / pati patnI ko hRdaya se pyAra karatA thA, ataH vaha vyApAra ke liye yA anya kisI kAraNavaza bAhara jAne para patnI ko sAtha le jAtA thA / dharaNa aura dhana donoM hI sArthavAha apanI patniyoM ko yAtrA ke lie jAte samaya sAtha lekara gaye the / patnI gRhasthI ke kAryoM kI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka dekhabhAla karatI thii| ghara kI vastuoM ko sApha-sutharA rakhane kA dAyitva patnI kA hI thaa| dhArmika kRtyoM ke anuSThAna kA kArya, bhojanAdi kI taiyArI evaM sampUrNa gRhasthI ke nirIkSaNa kA kArya, pati ke AjJAnusAra gRhasthI kA bhAra vahana tathA AvazyakatA ke samaya pati ko ucita parAmarza denA Adi samasta bAtoM kA sampAdana patnI dvArA hotA thA /

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371 pati vastrAbharaNa dvArA patnI kI sArI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA thA / usakI sArI AvazyakatAoM kA dhyAna rakhatA thA / patnI ke sAtha dhArmika kAryoM ko sampanna karatA thA / santAna kI prApti honA isa dAmpatya jIvana kA phala thA / santAna na hone para devIdevatAoM kI upAsanA dvArA santAna prApta kI jAtI thI / dhana sArthavAha ko utpatti dhanadeva yajJa kI upAsanA karane para hI huI thI / ataH dAmpatya jIvana meM AkarSaNa utpanna karane ke lie santAna kA rahanA atyanta Avazyaka thA / vaMzavardhana aura jAtIya saMrakSaNa usa yuga ke jIvana kA eka anivArya karttavya thA / santAna sukha ko sAMsArika sukhoM meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai / mAtra AjJA (2) mAtA-pitA aura santAna kA sambandha -- santAna ke Upara mAtA-pitA kA sahaja sneha thA aura vividha rUpa se unapara pUrA adhikAra thA / santAna kA karttavya mAtA-pitA kI AjJA kA pAlana karanA thA / vinayandhara apanI mAtA ke Adeza se hI sanatkumAra kI hatyA nahIM karatA, balki rAjAjJA kI avahelanA kara use surakSita sthAna meM pahuMcA detA hai / samarAditya jitendriya aura tyAgI hai / jIvana Arambha hone ke anantara hI usake mana meM virakti kI bhAvanA A jAtI hai, ataH vaha saMsAra ke moha jAla meM phaMsanA nahIM cAhatA hai / para jaba mAtA-pitA vivAha karane kA Adeza dete haiM to vaha pAlana karane ke lie apanI mAmA kI kanyAoM se vivAha kara letA hai / haribhadra ke sabhI pAtra mAtA-pitA ke AjJAkArI haiN| pitA aura mAtA kA sneha sabhI ko prApta hai / isa prasaMga meM eka bAta smaraNIya hai ki haribhadra ne Ananda jaise kuputra aura jAlinI jaisI kumAtAoM kA bhI jikra kiyA hai| zrAnanda apane pitA ko bandI banA letA hai aura jAlinI apane putra ko dhokhA dekara tamAlapuTa viSa mizrita laDDU khilAkara mAra DAlatI hai / yazodhara kI mAM santAna moha ke kAraNa hI ATe ke murge kA balidAna dekara ananta saMsAra kA bandha karatI haiM / ataH isa niSkarSa ko mAnane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki mAtA-pitA aura santAna ke bIca sarasa sambandha thaa| donoM kI ora se apane - apane kartavya sampanna kiye jAte the / putra pitA kI sampatti kA uttarAdhikArI hotA thA / pitA ke jIvita rahane taka putra sammilita jAyadAda kA unmukta upabhoga nahIM karatA thA / svopArjita dravya kA vyaya karane meM hI putra ko Ananda prApta hotA thA / dharaNa sArthavAha dAna karane kA icchuka hai, para vaha paitRka sampatti kA dAna nahIM karanA cAhatA hU~ / ataH vaha dhanArjana ke lie jalayAtrA karatA hai aura siMhala, cIna Adi dvIpoM kI yAtrA kara dhana ekatra karatA hai / haribhadra ne santAnotpatti ke samaya mAtA-pitA kI prasannatA kA ullekha karate hue janmotsava (sa0, pR0 861 ) kA bar3A hI hRdayagrAhI citraNa kiyA hai / putrotsava ke avasara para kAla ghaNTA Ananda kI sUcanA dene vAlA ghanTA bajavAkara samasta kaidiyoM ko bandhana mukta kara diyA jAtA thaa| ghoSaNApUrvaka logoM ko yathecchadAna diyA jAtA thA / mitra rAjAoM ke pAsa putrotsava kA samAcAra bhejA jAtA thA / nAnA prakAra ke maMgala-vAdya bajAye jAte the / pratyeka kArya meM hAva-bhAvapUrvaka yuvatiyoM ke nRtya sampanna hote the / nartakiyoM kI sukomala caMcala kalAiyoM kI cUr3iyAM jhaMkRta hone lagatI thIM / vAra vilAsiniyAM AmodapUrvaka kamalanAla sahita kamaloM ko uchAla-uchAlakara nRtya karatI thiiN| karpUra-kezara Adi ke gholoM kI varSA se AkAza bhara jAtA thaa| kastUrI kI varSA se aisI kIcar3a ho jAtI thI ki loga phisala- phisalakara girane lagate the| kitane hI loga picakAriyoM se jalavarSA karate the / kitane hI vyakti nAnA prakAra ke gIta gAne aura kucha gItoM ko suna-sunakara aTTahAsa karate the / lIlApUrvaka calane ke

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372 kAraNa nRtya karane vAloM ke paira ke nUpura anuraNana karate the / nartakiyAM apane uttarIya ko uThA-uThAkara nRtya karatI thiiN| janmotsava kA Ananda lene ke lie itane loga ekatra hote the, jisase yAtAyAta kA mArga avaruddha ho jAtA thA / bAjA bajAne vAloM ko bahumUlya AbhUSaNa uchAla-uchAla kara diye jAte the / isa utsava ko sampanna karane ke liye aparimita dhanarAzi kA vyaya kiyA jAtA thA / ( 3 ) bhAI - bahana kA sambandha -- 2 -- bhAI-bahana kA sambandha bhI parivAra meM eka pavitra aura madhura sambandha thaa| bahana ghara meM kanyA yA kisI bAharI vyakti dvArA neyA ( vivAhya ) thI / asamagotra vivAha aura pitR sattAtmaka parivAra meM yaha anivArya thA / haribhadra bhAI-bahana ke prema kA eka utkRSTa citra prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne batalAyA haiM ki dhana sArthavAha kI strI kA nAma dhanyA thA / isa dampati ke do putra the--dhana aura dhanavAha tathA guNazrI nAma kI eka kanyA thI / ina bhAI-bahanoM meM apUrva prema thA / durbhAgya se vivAha ke anantara hI guNazrI vidhavA ho gayI aura vaha vratAcaraNa karatI huI rahane lgii| mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vaha saMnyAsinI bana jAnA cAhatI thI, para bhAiyoM ne snehavaza use anumati na dI aura ghara meM hI usake dharma sAdhana kI sArI vyavasthA kara dI / yadyapi bhaujAiyAM nanada se kabhI-kabhI ulajha par3atI thIM, kiMtu bhAiyoM kA apanI bahana ke prati apAra sneha thA, ve usakA parAmarza bhI lete the / parivAra kI zAMti aura dRr3hatA ke lie bhAI-bahana kA sneha Avazyaka thA / vivAha vivAha eka ciramaryAdita saMsthA thI / haribhadra kI dRSTi se vivAha kA uddezya jIvana meM puruSArthoM ko sampanna karanA thA / gRhastha jIvana kA vAstavika uddezya dAna denA, devapUjA karanA evaM munidharma ko prazraya denA hai / sAdhuoM aura muniyoM ko dAna dene kI kriyA gRhastha jIvana ke binA sampanna nahIM ho sakatI hai| strI ke binA puruSa akelA AhAra asamartha haiM, ataH vivAha kI nitAnta AvazyakatA thI / samAjazAstra kI dRSTi se vivAha kA uddezya tathA kArya nimna haiM- ( 1 ) strI-puruSa ke yauna sambandha kA niyaMtraNa aura vaidhIkaraNa / ( 2 ) santAna kI utpatti, sarakSaNa, pAlana aura zikSaNa / (3) naitika, dhArmika aura sAmAjika karttavyoM kA pAlana | haribhadra ne vivAha ke mahattvapUrNa kArya aura uddezya para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai "kusaleNa aNuyattiyavvo loyadhammo, kAyaSvA kusalasaMtatI, jaiyavvaM parovapAre, aNuyattiyathvo kukkama / " arthAt kuzala banakara lokadharma -- sAMsArika kAryoM kA anusaraNa karanA, kuzala santati utpanna karanA, paropakAra meM salagna rahanA, kula paramparA kA nirvAha karanA, kaTumadhu anubhavoM dvArA jIvana ko vikasita karanA vivAha kA uddezya hai / vivAhita jIvana dvArA loka-dharma kA abhyAsa kara lene para, gRhasthAzrama ke anubhavoM dvArA paripakvatA prApta kara lene para, puruSArtha ke vRddhiMgata ho jAne para, vaMza ke pratiSThita ho jAne para, loka zakti kA parijJAna ho jAne para, avasthA ke utAra ke samaya, vikArajanya upadravoM ke dUra hone para, sadguNoM ke pUrNa pratiSThita hone para saMnyAsa dharma kA grahaNa karanA ucita hotA hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki haribhadra dvArA bhI ukta samAjazAstrIya uddezya mAnya haiM / jIvana vikAsa ke lie vivAha eka Avazyaka karttavya hai / 1 - sama0, pR0 613 --615 / , 2 - vahI, pa0 895 /

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373 vivAha meM nirvAcana -- haribhadra kI kathAoM se vivAha ke prakAroM para kucha bhI prakAza nahIM par3atA hai / rAjagharAnoM meM prema-vivAha sampanna hote the / vayaskA rAjakumArI vayaska rAjakumAra Apasa meM eka-dUsare ko dekhate hI mugdha ho jAte the / jaba unameM paraspara viyoga janya anurAga pUrNatayA vRddhigata ho jAtA thA, to yaha prema vivAha ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA thA / kusumAvalI aura siMhakumAra kA vivAha tathA vilAsavatI aura sanatkumAra kA vivAha premavivAha hI haiN| rAjagharAnoM ke atirikta sAdhAraNa logoM meM vara nirvAcana ke lie nimna cAra mAnadaNDa pracalita the (1) vaya - - rUpa / (2) vibhava / (3) zIla / (4) dharma / ar aura rUpa kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vara aura kanyA samAna vaya --- --Ayu ke hoN| anamela vivAha kA niSedha samAna vaya se ho jAtA hai| donoM kA saundarya bhI samAna honA caahie| samAna rUpa saundarya ke abhAva meM paraspara meM premAkarSaNa nahIM ho sakegA / ataH haribhadra ne vara-kanyA kI pahalI yogyatA vivAha ke lie samAna vaya-rUpa mAnI hai / vara-kanyA kA vaibhava bhI samAna honA cAhie / dhana-sampatti asamAna hone para donoM parivAroM kA sambandha ucita nahIM mAnA jAyagA / ataH yahAM vivAha meM vara-kanyA ke sthAyI sambandha ke sAtha una donoM ke parivAra kA bhI sthAyI sambandha eka prakAra se ho jAtA hai / sammilita parivAra prathA meM ina sabhI sambandhoM kA mahattva rahatA hai aura parivAra ke vikAsa tathA sthairya meM ye sabhI saphala sahAyaka hote haiM / ataH haribhadra ne samAna vaibhava ko dUsarI yogyatA mAnA hai / samAna zIla vara-kanyA ke liye tIsarI yogyatA hai / isakA tAtparya khAnadAna yA kulInatA hai / zreSTha kulavAloM kA sambandha adhika zreyaskara hotA hai / ataH vara-vadhU kA kula samAna cAhiye / vivAha ke cunAva meM haribhadra ne dharma ko bhI eka yogyatA mAnA hai / samAna dharma bAloM kA vivAha sambandha adhika sukhakara hotA hai / yadi dampati vidharmI hoM to dharma ke sambandha meM unake jIvana meM kalaha banI rahatI hai / samAna dharma vAloM meM adhika pragAr3ha sneha jAgrata rahatA hai| donoM milakara usa dharma kI unnati karate haiM / vidharmI hone se jIvana meM adhika kalaha kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| bhAratIya paramparA ke anusAra vadhU ko patigRha meM sAsa, nanada, jiThAnI, devarAnI Adi ke bIca rahanA par3atA hai / phalataH vidharmI rahane para pada-pada para kaSTa uThAnA par3atA hai / haribhadra ne spaSTa likhA hai " saMjoemi avaccaM asAhammieNaM ' santAna kA vivAha sambandha vidharmI ke sAtha nahIM karanA caahie| zIla parIkSA nAmaka laghu kathA meM subhadrA kA vidharmI se vivAha hone kA kaTu phala haribhadra ne bar3e sundara DhaMga se dikhalAyA hai / subhadrA jaina dharmAvalambI thI aura usake pati parivAra ke vyakti bauddha dharmAvalambI the / dharmadveSa ke kAraNa sAsa-nanada use nirantara vAg vANoM se viddha karatI rahatI thiiN| jaba unhoMne subhadrA ko apamAnita aura lAMchita karane kA 3 " 865, dvitIya aura saptama bhava / 1 - - sana0, pR0 2 - - vahI, pR0 235 / 3 - - vahI0, pR0 619 /

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koI upAya na dekhA to eka jaina sAdhu ke sAtha durAcAra kI mithyA ghaTanA gddh'ii| phalataH subhadrA ko apane zIla kI parIkSA denI pdd'ii| ataH vara kI yogyatAoM meM sadharmI honA bhI eka Avazyaka yogyatA thii| haribhadra ne varAnveSaNa kI prathA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / zaMkhapura ke rAjA zaMkhAyana ne apanI kanyA ratnavatI kA eka sundara citrapaTa banavAkara usake samAna rUpa saundarya aura kalA pravINa vara kA anveSaNa karAyA thaa| citra aura saMbhUti nAma ke vyakti sthAna-sthAna para usa citrapaTa ko lekara varAnveSaNa ke lie gaye the| vivAha saMskAra--vivAha kI pavitratA aura sthAyitva ke lie saMskAra Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thaa| haribhadra ke dvArA ullikhita vivAha saMskAra meM nimna kriyAeM sammilita hai -- (1) vAgdAna--vivAha ke lie vacanadAna, isa avasara para maMgalavAdya ghoSa aura - vArAMganA nRtya kA pracAra thaa| (2) vivAha kA zubha dina nirdhAraNa--jyotiSa ke dvArA vivAha kA zubha dina nizcita kiyA jAtA thaa| (3) yathecchita dAna kI ghoSaNA--vivAha nizcita hone para yAcakoM ko yathecchita dAna diyA jAtA thaa| (4) vara-vadhU kA tailAbhyaMgana--sugandhita padArthoM kA lepa, dUrvAra, dadhi, akSata, Adi mAMgalika padArthoM dvArA lAla vastra pahane huI sadhavA yuvatiyoM dvArA pramRkSaNa kiyaa| (5) samajjana--suvarNa kalazoM dvArA sugandhita jala se snAna / (6) nakhachedana--nahachU karma / (7) purohita dvArA puSpakSepaNa--vivAha ke pUrva saubhAgyavRddhi ke lie mAMgalika puSpakSepaNa yA svastivAcana / (8) badhU alaMkaraNa--mahAvara, stanayugala para patra lekhana, adhara-raMjita karanA, netrAMjana, tilaka, keza prasAdhana, pairoM meM nUpura, aMguliyoM meM mudrikA, nitamboM para maNimekhalA, bAhumAlA, stanoM para padmarAga maNi ghaTita vastra, muktAhAra, karNAbhUSaNa aura mastaka para cuuddaamnni| para alNkrnn| NDapakaraNa--maNDapa nirmANa / (11) lagna nirdhAraNa--jyotiSiyoM dvArA samaya sAdhana kara lagna nirdhAraNa / (12) varayAtrA--bArAta kA janavAse se prsthaan| (13) AyAriyaM--vara kA maNDapa meM vilAsiniyoM dvArA svaagt| (14) bhRkuTi-bhagna--suvarNa muzala dvArA ratnamayI aMgUThiyAM jisameM bAMdhI gayI hai, bhauMha kA sparza--yaha prathA toraNa sparza kI hai| 1--nAhaM micchAdiThissa dhUyaM deyi--sAsUNaNaMdAo pauTThAo bhikkhUNabhatti Navare hanti--dahA0, pR0 93 / --sa0, pa0 719 / / 3--kAUNa ya nehi-sa0, pu0 93--100 /

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375 (15) mukha -chavi-spheTana - - sakhiyoM dvArA vadhU ke ghUMghaTa kA haTAnA / (16) paraspara mukhAvalokana - - vara badhU kA paraspara mukhAvalokana | ( 17 ) uttarIya pratibandhana - - gaThajor3A / (18) pANi- grahaNa | ( 19) bArAtiyoM kA svAgata satkAra -- sugandhi vilepana, sugandhita puSpa mAlAeM, karpUra vITa lage hue tAmbUla, vastra aura AbhUSaNoM kA vitaraNa / ( 20 ) havana, dhUpa, ghRta, cInI Adi padArthoM dvArA maMtra sahita havana / (21) cAra bhAMvara - - prathama bhAMvara para daheja meM sau svarNa kalaza, dUsarI para hAra, kuNDala, karadhanI, truTitasAra, kaMgana, tIsarI para cAMdI ke thAla, kapa, tastarI Adi aura cauthI bhAMvara para nAnA prakAra ke mUlyavAna vastra diye gaye / (22) yAcakoM ko nAnA prakAra kA dAna / vivAha saMskAra kA mahattva usake pratIkatva meM thaa| usakI pratyeka kriyA vivAha ke kisI-na-kisI Adarza, uddezya athavA kArya kI ora saMketa karatI thI tathA kriyAeM svayaM vAhaka kA kArya karatI thIM / yataH vivAha eka dhArmika saMskAra thA, isake bahuta se uddezya aura kArya sUkSma bhAvanA aura manovijJAna para avalambita the / ina saba pratIkoM kI bhUta kriyAoM se nimna bAtoM kI sUcanA milatI thI :-- (1) vivAhita vyaktiyoM kA yaha yugala yogyatama hai / (2) vivAha sambandha sthira aura jIvanaparyanta ke lie hai / (3) laukika abhyudayoM ke sAtha pAramArthika jIvana kI unnati bhI sampanna karanI hai / (4) dvAdaza vratoM kA pAlana karate hue muni jIvana kI pUrNa tayArI | ( 5 ) yogya saMtAna ko gRhasthI kA bhAra sauMpakara uttara jIvana meM munipada dhAraNa karanA / bhRkuTIbhaMjana kriyA gRhasthAzrama ke anantara munipada prApti kA pratIka rUpa meM saMketa karatI hai / bahuvivAha - - haribhadra ne apanI kathAoM meM puruSoM ke ekAdhika vivAha hone kI bAta ka sthAnoM para batAyI hai / yadyapi eka patnItva ko inhoMne Adarza mAnA hai aura vyavahAra meM eka hI vivAha kI prathA thI, kintu apavAda rUpa meM bahupatnItva kI prathA pracalita thI / haribhadra ke pAtroM meM rAjA to prAyaH sabhI ekAdhika vivAha karate hue dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / samarAditya kA vivAha bhI vibhramavatI aura kAmalatA nAmaka do kanyAyoM ke sAtha huA thaa| seTha zrarhadatta ne cAra vivAha kiye the / 2 eka strI ke bhI ekAdhika pati hote the / isakA nirdeza hameM haribhadra kI eka laghukathA meM milatA hai / batAyA gayA hai ki eka strI ke do pati the| ve donoM bhAI-bhAI the / vaha strI una donoM ko samAna rUpa se pyAra karatI thii| logoM meM yaha pravAda pracalita ho gayA thA ki saMsAra meM eka aisI nArI haiM, jo do vyaktiyoM ko samAna rUpa se pyAra kara 1 - - vibhamavaI gayadantamaI, sa0 pR0 00 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 583 / 3 - patitullANa paricchapesaNA vara piyassa Aio | -- upa0 gA0 64, pR0 65 /

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sakatI hai / phalataH logoM ne isakI jAMca kI aura yaha siddha kiyA ki eka nArI do vyaktiyoM ko samAna rUpa se pyAra nahIM kara sakatI hai / " prata: uparyukta ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki Adarza mArga eka vivAha karanA hI thA / 376 nArI ke jIvana meM pAtivrata kA hI sarvAdhika mahatva hai / haribhadra ke anusAra bhI alpavaya meM nArI vidhavA hone para Ajanma tapazcaraNa karatI huI dharmasAdhanA karatI dekhI gayI hai / haribhadra ne guNazrI, ratnamatI aura vilAsavatI ke zIla kA udAtta rUpa upasthita kara eka vivAha kA hI samarthana kiyA hai / nArI ke do pati hone kI bAta kevala apavAda mArga hai / aise apavAda mArga pratyeka samaya meM raha sakate haiM / usa nArI ke prema kI parIkSA bhI yaha siddha karatI haiM ki samAja isa prakAra ke vivAha ko AzaMkA kI dRSTi se dekhatA thA / parivAra ke sadasyoM ke atirikta samAja ke ghaTakoM meM mitra, bhRtya evaM dAsa-dAsiyAM bhI parigaNita haiM / haribhadra ne samAja ke ukta ghaTakoM para bhI yathArtha prakAza DAlA hai / mitra - - haribhadra kI dRSTi meM mitra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / inake pAtroM meM kaI aise pAtra haiM, jo atyanta vizvasanIya mitra kahe jA sakate haiM / suvadana jaise' mitra to samAja ke lie kalaMka haiM, haribhadra ne prakArAntara se unakI bhartsanA hI kI hai / sanatkumAra vasubhUti ko apanA prANapriya mitra samajhatA hai aura zrAvazyakatA ke samaya vaha sabhI prakAra se usakI sahAyatA bhI karatA hai / yAna bhaMga ho jAne para jaba vaha samudra taTa para pahu~catA hU~ to "ki vA egudaranivAsiNA viya vasubhUiNA viuttassa pArNoha" arthAt sahodara bhAI ke samAna vasubhUti se pRthak rahane para ina prANoM ke dhAraNa karane se bhI kyA lAbha hai ? kahakara mitra ke lie pazcAttApa karatA hai / * laghukathAoM meM bhI mitra kA mahattva bar3e sundara DhaMga se batalAyA gayA hai / brahmadattakumAra, zrAmAtyaputra, zreSThiputra aura sArthavAha putra ye cAroM mitra videza gaye aura vahAM sahayogapUrvaka cAroM ne dhanArjana kiyA tathA rAjya bhI prApta kiyA / haribhadra kI dRSTi meM samAja ke nirmANa aura vikAsa meM mitra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| mitra goSThiyAM bhI huA karatI thIM aura ina goSThiyoM meM nAnA prakAra se manoraMjana tathA jJAnavarddhana hotA thA / ina goSThiyoM kA vivecana hama Age calakara kareMge / yahAM itanA hI prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka hai ki mitra kA mahattva vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM atyadhika thA / samarAditya aura guNacandra kI mitragoSThI kisa samAja premI ko prAkRSTa na karegI / bhRtya aura dAsa-dAsiyAM -- rAjA-mahArAjAoMoM ke pratirikta sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI dAsadAsa rakhate the / kucha dAsa to pustaMnI the / unako santAna bhI usI parivAra meM dAsa kA kArya karatI thI / nandaka' isI prakAra kA dAsa hai / isakA parivAra dhana ke ghara meM pustainI dAsa thA / maMgala bhI pustaMnI dAsa parivAra kA vyakti hai / dAsiyoM meM madanale khA' zrAdi ke nAma Ate haiN| ye dAsiyAM parivAra kA eka anivArya aMga thIM / dAsI ke sAtha inheM nAyikA kI sakhiyAM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / sacce hRdaya 1 - - upa0 gA0 64, pR0 65 / 2- sa0pR0 556-560 / 3 - vahI, pR0 404 / 4 --- jahA bammadatto kumAro kumArAyacca, da0hA0 pR0 214 / 5-- sa0 pR0 238 / 6-- vahI, pR0 88 /

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se nAyikA kI sahAyatA karanA, gAr3he samaya meM unakA sAtha denA, hara sambhava upAya dvArA sukha pahu~cAnA inakA jIvana lakSya thaa| haribhadra ne samAja ke lie sahayogI ke rUpa meM bhRtya aura dAsa-dAsiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhRtya se tAtparya una naukaroM se hai, jo kucha samaya ke lie vetana yA bhojana Adi para niyata kiye jAte the / samAja meM nArI kA sthAna haribhadra ne samAja meM nArI ke sthAna kA citraNa kaI rUpoM meM kiyA hai / yathA kanyA, patnI, mAtA, vidhavA, sAdhvI aura vezyA / kanyA--bhAratIya samAja meM kanyA yadyapi barAbara se hI prAdRta, lAlita aura pAlita hotI AyI hai, tathApi usakA janma saMpUrNa parivAra ko gaMbhIra banA detA hai / usakI pavitratA aura surakSA ke sambandha meM atyanta UMce bhAva evaM usake vibAha aura bhAvI jIvana kI citA / samasta kuTamba aura vizeSataH mAtA-pitA trasta rahate pAye hai| kanyA kisI anAgata vara se neya aura eka dharohara hai| rAja gharAnoM meM bhI kanyA kI surakSA kA sabhI prakAra kA prabandha rahatA thaa| haribhadra ke nirdeza se jJAta hotA hai ki kanyAntaHpura pRthak rahatA thA aura usameM bRddha pratihArI rahA karatA thaa| kanyA ke pAlana-poSaNa aura zikSA meM koI kamI nahIM rakkhI jAtI thii| usakI zikSAdIkSA kA parA prabandha rahatA thaa| par3hane-likhane ke atirikta citrakalA aura saMgIta kalA kI pUrI zikSA kanyAoM ko dI jAtI thii| kusumAvalI citra aura saMgIta kalA ke atirikta kAvyaracanA bhI jAnatI thii| usane siMha kumAra ke pAsa virahavidhura haMsinI ke citra ke sAtha eka haMsapadikA bhI likhakara bhejI thii| isa haMsapadikA se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki vaha kAvyaracanA meM bhI nipuNa thii| haribhadra ne isa bAta kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai ki kanyA ko zikSA kisa sthAna para dI jAtI thii| puruSoM ke samAna sAmUhika rUpa se kanyAoM ke lie bhI ucca zikSA kA prabandha thaa| aisA lagatA hai ki ve vyaktigata rUpa se zikSA prApta karatI thiiN| mAtA-pitA apanI kanyA ko zikSita banAne kI pUrI ceSTA karate the| zikSA prApta na karane se striyoM kA sadAcAra bhI lupta ho jAtA thA tathA ve nAnA prakAra ke ADambaroM kI zikAra bana jAtI thiiN| haribhadra ne eka sthAna para likhA hai-- "aNahIyasattho Iiso ceva itthiyAyaNo hoi" arthAt prazikSita striyoM kI kumArga meM pravRtti hotI hai| jo zikSita aura susaMskRta haiM, ve sadA apanI kula-maryAdA kA dhyAna rakhakara prAtmakalyANa ke mArga meM calatI haiN| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAnoM ke avalokana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kanyA zikSA meM nimna viSaya avazya parigaNita kiye jAte the: (1) likhanA-par3hanA--bhASA-jJAna aura lipi-jJAna / (2) zAstrajJAna--laukika aura AdhyAtmika niyamoM ko zikSA dene vAle zAstroM kA adhyayana / (3) saMgIta kalA--gAyana aura vAdana kA yathArtha prijnyaan| vINAvAdana isa kalA meM mukhya rUpa se parigaNita thaa| (4) citrakalA--nAriyAM citrakalA meM atyanta pravINa hotI thiiN| (5) gRha-saMcAlana kalA--ghara-gRhasthI ke saMcAlana meM dakSatA bhI kanyA prApta karato thiiN| 1--sa0, pR0 87-88 / 2--vahI, pR0 622 /

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patnI -- patnI kA zAbdika artha gRhasvAminI hotA hai / dampati kI kalpanA meM pati-patnI donoM gRha ke saMyukta aura samAna rUpa se adhikArI hote haiM / zvasura ke Upara sAmrAjJI ho, devara ke Upara sAmrAjJI ho / yaha vaidika kAla kA Adarza haribhadra ke samaya taka calA A rahA thA / ghara meM bahU kI sthiti kA eka spaSTa citra haribhadra ke usa sthala para milatA hai, jaba guNacandra zatru rAjA ko parAsta karane jAtA hai aura vAnamantara usakI mRtyu kA mithyA samAcAra nagara meM pracalita kara detA hai / bahU apane sasura ko bulAkara agni meM praviSTa ho jAnA cAhatI haiM, kintu sasura bahU ko samajhAtA huA kahatA hai ki Apa dhairya rkheN| maiM pavanagati le khavAhaka ko bhejakara yuddhasthala se kumAra kA kuzala samAcAra maMgAtA huuN| pAMca dinoM meM samAcAra zrA jAyagA, zrApa samAcAra prApta hone para jaisA cAheM vaisA kreN| zAMti karma aura anuSThAna karma Adi ke karane - karAne kI use pUrI svataMtratA prApta thI / isa sandarbha se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki bahU kI sthiti ghara meM zrAja se kahIM acchI thI / 378 sAsa bahU ke bIca bhI madhura aura sneha kA sambandha thA / patnI pati ke binA eka kSaNa bhI nahIM rahanA cAhatI thI / haribhadra ne dhana kI videza yAtrA ke samaya dhanazrI ke spaSTa pUrNa nivedana aura sAsa dvArA use sAtha le jAne ke samarthana se isa sthiti kA spaSTa citra upasthita kiyA hai / udAra vicAra ke pati apanI patnI ke aneka aparAdhoM ko bhI kSamA karate the / haribhadra ke pAtroM meM aise bhI pAtra haiM, jo patnI ke zIla ko adhika mahatva dete the / patnI ke zIla para zaMkA hone para usakA tyAga bhI kara dete the tathA dvitIya vivAha kara lete the / para itanA spaSTa hai ki yaha saba apavAda mArga thaa| pati-patnI ke zArIrika, Arthika ra bhautika svArtha aura Adarza eka the, donoM kA abhinna sambandha thA / kulaTA paliyoM ke citra bhI haribhadra ne upasthita kiye haiM / dhanazrI aura lakSmI aisI hI dhokhe vAlI patniyAM haiM, jo apane patiyoM ko nAnA prakAra ke chala-kapaToM dvArA kaSTa detI haiN| samAja meM aisI patniyAM bhI apavAda rUpa meM hI pAyI jAtI haiM / patnI pati ke sAtha dUdha pAnI kI taraha mizrita rahatI thii| pati kI sadA maMgala kAmanA karatI thI / pati ke na rahane para apanA bhI anta kara detI thI / nava badhU kA svAgata ghara meM khUba hotA thA / putra ke vivAha ke pazcAt dAna dene kI paramparA bhI isa bAta para prakAza DAlatI hai ki nava badhU kI prApti se parivAra bahuta santuSTa hotA thA / mAtA -- strI ke aneka rUpoM meM mAtRrUpa sabase adhika prAdaraNIya aura mahattva kA mAnA jAtA thA / vAstava meM mAtA hone meM hI strI jIvana kI sArthakatA nihita hai / vandhyA aputrA yA mRta putrA honA strI ke lie kalaMka hai| mAtA hone ke sAtha hI strI kA ghara sthAna aura mUlya donoM bahuta bar3ha jAte haiM / prAcIna dharmazAstriyoM ne bhI mAtA kI mahattA batalAyI haiM / gautama dharmasUtra meM batAyA hai ki "guruyoM meM prAcArya zreSTha haiM, kaI eka ke mata 1 - - samrAjJI zvasure bhava samrAjJI zradhideveSu -- Rg 10, 85,46 / -- samAgamo rAyA, bAhollAloyaNaM calaNeSu nivaDiUNavinnatorayaNavaIe / sa0, pR0 814 / 3- vAhajalabhariloyaNAe saduvakhamiva bhaNiyaM dhaNasirIe - - prajjautta, hiyayasannihiyAgurU / jai puNa tumaM maM ujjhiUNa gacchahisi zraNusAsizro ya tIe bahuvihaM - vahI, pR0 241 / 4- sa0, pR0 623 /

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376 meM mAtA Apastamba kA kathana hai ki "mAtA putra kA mahAn kArya karatI hai, usakI zuzrUSA nitya haiM, patita hone para bhI / " bauddhAyana ne pitA mAtA kA bharaNa-poSaNa karane ke lie kahA hai| mahAbhArata (zAnti0 267, 31, 343, 18) meM mAtA kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA hai ki mAtA ke samAna koI zaraNa nahIM aura na koI gati hai / isase spaSTa hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya meM mAtA kA sthAna mUrdhanya rahA hai / haribhadra ne bhI mAtA kI mahattA svIkAra kI hai| jaya apanI mAM kI prasannatA ke lie vijaya ko rAjya sauMpa kara muni bana jAtA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki "kareu pasAyaM ambA, pavajjAmi graha samaNattaNaMti / bhaNiUNa nivaDio calaNe su "" / isase spaSTa hai ki haribhadra kI dRSTi meM mAtA kA sthAna samAja meM bahuta unnata thA / 114 vezyA -- vezyAvRtti bahuta prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai / haribhadra ke nirdezoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya isako sAmAjika tathA vidhika rUpa prApta thaa| manuSya kI kAmavAsanA aura saundarya-priyatA hI isake mUla meM thI / vaidika kAla (Rg0 1, 167, 4) meM hI vezyA ke astitva ke ullekha milate haiM / dharmasUtra aura mahAkAvyoM meM aneka udAharaNa aura prasaMga isa sambandha meM pAye jAte haiM / haribhadra ne vezyA ke lie gaNikA, vAravilAsinI aura sAmAnyA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / vezyAeM utsavoM meM nRtya karatI thIM / vivAha ke avasara para vara kA zRMgAra bhI vAravilAsiniyAM hI karatI thIM / devadattA gaNikA ujjayinI ko atyanta prasiddha gaNikA thI / dhanika acala apanA sarvasva samarpita kara ise apane adhIna karanA cAhatA thA, kintu vaha mUladeva ke guNoM meM anurakta thI / ataH mUladeva ke sAtha hI rahane lagI thI / yaha satya ha ki vezyA kA sthAna samAja meM zrAja kI apekSA unnata thA / vaha itanI ghRNita nahIM samajhI jAtI thI / nRtya, saMgIta Adi lalita kalAoM meM yaha atyanta niSNAta hotI thaH / sAdhvI -- samAja meM sAdhvI atyanta mAnyA aura pUjyA thI / saMsAra se virakta hokara AtmakalyANa meM rata rahatI thI / pradhAna gaNinI kA saMgha calatA thA / isake sAtha meM aneka sAdhviyAM rahatI thIM / zramaNavratoM kA sAMgopAMga pAlana karatI huI ye Atma kalyANa meM rata rahatI thIM / sAdhvI ke vratoM ko hama palAyanavAdI vRtti nahIM kaha sakate, balki zrAtmakalyANa karane kI yaha Antarika pravRtti thI / avaguMThana ( pardA ) -- sAmAjika lajjA aura gopana kI pravRtti se jIvana meM ekAnta aura janasamUha kI dRSTi se bacAva to thor3I-bahuta mAtrA meM sadA rahA hai, kintu striyoM ke muMha ko DhaMkanA, usako ghara ke vizeSa bhAga meM niyantrita rakhanA tathA ghara ke bAhara sAmAjika kAryoM ke lie nikalane na denA eka vizeSa prakAra kI prathA hai / haribhadra ne isa prathA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA / kusumAvalI vivAha ke avasara para jaba maNDapa meM AtI hai taba hama usake muMha para avaguMThana pAte haiN| sakhiyAM usake mukha kA avaguMThana haTAkara mukha khola detI haiN| yaha avaguMThana mAtra lajjA yA vivAha kI prathA ke kAraNa hI hai / anya sthaloM para hameM haribhadra 1 - - prAcArya zreSTho guruNAM mAtetyeke / go0 dha0 sU0 2 / 56 / 2- prA0 gha0 sU0 1, 10, 28. e| 3 -- patitAmapi tu mAtaraM vibhayAdabhibhASamANaH / ba0 dha0 sU0 2.2, 48 / 4 -- sa0, pR0 485 / 5- - vahI, pR0 336-340 / 6 -- tAva pasAhaNaniuNavAravilayAhi- vahI, pR0 66 / 7 -- pacchAiyANA, sa0, pR0 67 /

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380 ke nArI pAtra pardA karate hae nahIM dikhalAI par3ate haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki haribhadra ne pado prathA kA samarthana nahIM kiyA hai| pUrvavartI sAhitya ke avalokana se spaSTa hai ki unaka samaya meM avaguMThana kA rivAja pracalita thaa| "svapnavAsavadattam" nATaka meM padmAvatI apane vivAha ke bAda pardA rakhanA Arambha karatI hai| macchakaTikanATaka meM vasantasenA bhadra mahilA banane ke uparAnta avaguMThana rakhane lagatI hai| kusumAvalI kA avaguMThana isI prathA kA pariNAma hai| bhojana-pAna haribhadra ne bhojana-pAna ke sambandha meM bhI prakAza DAlA hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM se avagata hotA hai ki usa samaya tIna prakAra kA bhojana pracalita thA :-- (1) annaahaar| (2) phlaahaar| (3) maaNsaahaar| annAhAra meM ghRtanimitta pakvAnna , sattU 2, kummASa aura modaka ke nAma pAye hai| ghRtanimitta pakvAnna pAtheya ke rUpa meM le jAyA jAtA thaa| yaha ghI meM talakara cInI yA gur3a se lipta kiyA jAtA thaa| sattU prasiddha hai, anAja ko bhUnakara banAyA jAtA thaa| kummASa-kulmASa eka vizeSa prakAra kA khAdya thA, jo canA, jala aura namaka ke saMyoga se banatA thaa| isa khAdya kA rAjasthAna aura uttarapradeza ke kucha hissoM meM Aja bhI pracAra rasa aAjakala thopA kahate haiN| tela bhI isameM par3atA thaa| modaka bhArata priya aura pracalita miSTAnna rahA hai| yaha kaI prakAra se banAyA jAtA thaa| phalAhAra meM nAraMga 5, kadalI, kaMkolaphala, jambIra, aura panasa ' ke nAma Aye haiN| jahAM annAdi padArtha khAne ko nahIM milate the, vahAM phaloM kA prayoga hotA thaa| mAMsAhAra usa samaya kaI prakAra kA pracalita thA / matsya, zakara 11, prajA aura mahiSa 12 mAMsa vizeSa rUpa se vyavahAra meM lAyA jAtA thaa| caturthabhava kI avAntara kathA meM mahiSa ke bhaTitraka kA ullekha pAyA hai| yaha jIvita pazu ko nirdayatApUrvaka bhUnakara banAyA jAtA thaa| isameM trikaTaka 2, hIMga aura lavaNa"Adi masAle DAle jAte the / haribhadra 1--sa0, pR0 121 / 2--upa0 muldevkthaa| 3- vhii| 4--sa0, pR0 126 / 5-- vahI, pR0 257 / 6-- vahI, pR0 972 / 7--vahI, pR0 88 / 8--vahI, pR0 672 / 6--vahI, pR. 972 / 10 --vahI sa0, 313 / 11----vahI, pR0 174 / 12--vahI, pR0 316 / 13- vahI, pR0 316 / 14-- vahI 15--vahI

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381 mAMsAhAra kA niSedha karate haiM aura ise mAnava ke lie akhAdya batalAte haiM / inake vicAra ke anusAra mAMsa bhojana sarvathA tyAjya hai / isa pApAcAra se manuSya ko bacanA cAhie / 2 haribhadra ne madhu', drAkSApanika aura prasava ke pilAne kA nirdeza kiyA hai / inake vyaktigata vicAroM ke anusAra to madirApAna tyAjya hai / yaha aneka prakAra ke pApoM kA kAraNa hai / haribhadra ne nAnA prakAra ke rogoM kI ora iMgita bhI kiyA hai / mUrchA, mAri timira ', badhiratA mahodara sannipAta " aura udarazUla " 1- sa, pR0 553 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 658 / 3 - - vahI, pR0 957 / 4 -- vahI, pR0 21 5-- vahI, pR0 317 / 6- - vahI, pR0 268 / 7 - vahI 17 zirovyathA rAjagharAnoM kA pracalita roga thA / samaraketu ko jaba zirovyathA bar3hI to prAMkheM TaMga gayIM, zvAMsa tejI se calane lagI / guNasena kI zirovyathA meM vaidyazAstra vizArada nAnA prakAra kI cikitsA saMhitAoM ko dekha rahe the / nAnA prakAra kI prauSadhiyAM posI jA rahI thIM tathA zirovyathA ko dUra karane ke lie vicitra ratnalepa lagAye jA rahe the 18 1 vyAdhiyoM ko zAMta karane ke lie zAnti anuSThAna bhI sampanna kiye jAte the / haribhadra ne eka Arogya maNiratna " ' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jo samasta vyAdhiyoM ko dUra karane vAlA thA / eka aisI auSadhi kA bhI ullekha zrAyA hai, jo ghAva ko tatkAla bhara detI thI / 20 - vahI 6 - vahI, pR0 584 / 10 - vahI 11 vahI 12 - vahI 13- vahI svAsthya aura roga kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA katipaya rogoM kI zrauSadhiyoM pradhAna roga zirovyathA, kuSTha 5, visUcikA khasare khujalI 12, malavyAdhi 3, jalodara inhoMne ginAye haiM / 10 11 7 14 - vahI, pR0 585 15 - vahI, pR0 663 / 16 -- vahI, pR0 584 | 17 - vahI, pR0 661 / 18--vahI, , pR0 21 / 16 -- vahI, pR0 20 - vahI, pR0 661 / 502 / 1

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sahasra pAka ' nAma ke eka tela kA nirdeza prAyA hai, jo sabhI carma rogoM ko dUra karane vAlA thaa| yakSakardama' nAma kA eka lepa AyA hai, jo zarIra ko sugandhita karane ke lie tathA zarIra ko mRdula banAne ke lie kAma meM lAyA jAtA thaa| yaha lepa karpara, agarU, kastarI aura kaMkola ke saMyoga se taiyAra hotA thaa| gokharU bhI auSadhi ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hotA thaa| garur3avidyA kA ullekha bhI haribhadra ne kiyA hai| sarpa ke daMza karane para garur3a vidyA ke jAnakAra ekatra hote the aura sarpa kA viSa dUra kara dete the| vastrAbhUSaNa haribhadra ne dhanI garIba donoM ke vastrAbhUSaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / dhanika loga mUlyavAna vastra dhAraNa karate the aura garIba malina tathA jIrNa vastra pahanate the / vastroM ke pahanane, pror3hane, bichAne ke vastroM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / pahanane ke vastroM meM aMzuka paTTa, cInAMzuka, dugulla, devadUpya aura uttarIya ke nAma pAye haiN| aMzuka :--sAdhAraNataH mahIna vastra ko aMzuka kahA jAtA hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM kITaja vastra ke pAMca prakAra batalAye haiM --paTa, malaya, aMzuka, cInAMzuka aura kRmiraag| aMzuka mahIna rezamI vastra hai| isakA ullekha harSacarita meM pAyA hai| (sUkSmavimalena aMzuka nAcchAditazarIra devI sarasvatI 6) kA aMzuka prAcIna kAla kA prasiddha vastra hai| paTTAMzuka --yaha pATa saMjJaka rezama hai| prAcArAMga sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM batAyA hai ki paTTasUtra (niSpannAni) arthAt pATa sUtra se bane vastra / cInAMzuka --bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya meM (4,3661) meM isakI vyAkhyA "kozikArAkhyaH kRmiH tasmAjjAtaM athavA cInAnAmajanapadaH tatra yaH zlakSaNatarapaTaH tasmAjjAtaM" arthAt kozakAra nAmaka kIr3e ke rezama se banA vastra athavA cIna janapada ke bahuta cikana rezama se banA kapar3A hai| nizItha (pR0467) meM isakI vyAkhyA "suhumataraM cINaMsuyaM cInAvisae vA jAtaM cINaM suyam" arthAt bahuta patale rezamI kapar3e athavA cIna ke bane rezamI vastra ko cInAMzuka kahate haiN| spaSTa hai ki cInAMzuka bahuta patalA rezamI vastra thaa| isakA prayoga kavi kAlidAsa ne bhI "abhijJAna zAkuntala" meM (cInAMzukamibaketoH prativAtaM nIyamAnasya) bhI kiyA hai| dugulla --dukUla baMgAla meM utpanna eka vizeSa taraha ke kapAsa se banA vastra hai| prAcArAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM "gauDa viSaya viziSTa kAsika" likhA hai| nizItha sUtrameM dukala kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki--"dugullo rukkho tassa ttvAgo ghettuM udUkhale kuTTa ijjati pANiyaNa tAva jAva jhUmI jhUto tAhe kaccati dugullo" arthAt dukUla vRkSa kI chAla lekara pAnI ke sAtha taba taka okhalI meM kUTate haiM, jaba taka usake reze alaga nahIM ho 1--sa0, pR0 607 / 2--vahI, pR0 957 / 3--vahI, pR0 132 / 4--vahI, 10 74 / 5--zrI jaga0 kRta lAipha ina ensiyanTa iNDiyA, pR0 128 / 6--vahI, pR0 74 / 7---sa0, pR0 438 / 8--vahI, pR0 100 /

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383 jAte / zranantara una rezoM ko kAta kara vastra banA lete haiM / amarakoza (2, 6, 112 ) meM dukUla kSauma kA paryAyavAcI hai aura usake prAvaraNoM ko nivIta aura prAkRta kahate the / haMsa dukUla kA ullekha AcArAMga sUtra meM AyA hai / kahA gayA hai ki zaka ne mahAvIra ko jo haMsa dukUla kA jor3A pahanAyA thA, vaha itanA halkA thA ki havA ke mAmUlI jhaTake se hI ur3a jAtA thA / isakI banAvaTa kI prazaMsA kArIgara bhI karate the / nAyAdhAmakahAo ( 1, 13 ) ke anusAra yaha vastra mRdula aura sphaTika ke samAna nirmala thaa| haribhadra dugulla kA prayoga kaI jagaha kiyA hai / devadRSya - - yaha bhI mRdula, mahIna aura rezamI vastra jaisA kapar3A hai / divyavastra ke artha meM haribhadra ne isakA prayoga kiyA hai / dukUla '-- zveta dukUla, yaha bahuta sundara aura kImatI vastra hotA thA / ardhacInAMzuka -- yaha prAdhA rezamI aura prAdhA sUtI vastra thA / -kamara se Upara pror3hane kA vastra / uttarIya stanAcchAdana - padmarAga maNi yA anya kImatI ratnoM se jar3ita rezamI vastra, isase stanoM ke zrAcchAdana kA kArya sampanna kiyA jAtA thA / aAjakala kI kaMcukI ke samAna thA / kSaumayugala -- kSumA athavA atasI kI chAla ke reze bane hue vastra dvaya / tUlI - - - semara yA madAra kI rUI se bhare takiye ko tUlI kahA jAtA hai / gaNDopadhAna :-- upadhAna ke Upara gaNDa pradeza meM rakhane ke lie upadhAnikA thI / kucha logoM kA anumAna hai ki yaha eka gola takiyA thI, jo sira ke nIce eka ora rakhI jAtI thI / upadhAna pakSiyoM ke paroM se bharI takiyA ke artha meM bhI zrAyA hai / forfont --mazanada / yaha takiyA zarIra kI lambAI jitanI hotI thI, aura sote samaya pairoM ke bIca rakha lI jAtI thI / masUraka " -- gola gaddA kapar3A athavA camar3e kA hotA thA aura isameM haI bharI rahatI thI / "cittAvADimamasUrayami" kA prayoga citra-vicitra gadde ke artha meM huA hai / 10 1 - DA0 motIcanda dvArA likhita prAcIna bhAratIya veSa bhUSA, pR0 147 / 2--sa, pR0 673 / 3 - - vahI, pR0 464 / 4 - vahI, pR0 5- - vahI, pR0 6 -- vahI, pR0 pR0 pR0 674 7 -- vahI, 8- - vahI, -- vahI -- 10 - - vahI 11 -- vahI 100 / 464 / 65 / 634-35 /

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384 AbhUSaNa prAbhUSaNoM meM kaTaka', keyUra', karNabhUSaNa', kuNDala', muktAvalI, nupura', mudrikA', maNimekhalA, muktAhAra , cUDArana , vividha ratna khacita razanA kalApa 1, kaMkaNa , kaNThAbharaNa 13, kaTisUtra ", ratnajaTita mukuTa 15 aura trilokasAra ratnAvalI 16 ke nAmoM kA ullekha haribhadra ne kiyA hai| zarIra ko strI aura puruSa donoM hI vibhinna prakAra se sajAte the| striyAM caraNoM meM mahAvara, jaMghAoM meM kuMkuma rAga, stanayugala para patralekhA, lalATa para kastUrI mizrita candana kA tilaka, netroM meM aMjana, kezoM meM sugandhita mAlAeM, pairoM meM napura, aMguliyoM meM maNijaTita mudrikAeM, nitamboM para maNimekhalA, bAhuoM ke mUla meM mAlAeM, stanoM para padmarAgamaNi ghaTita vastra , gale meM muktAhAra 18, kAnoM meM ratnamaya karNabhUSaNa 19, mastaka para cUDAratna, gale meM bhuvanasArahAra, hAthoM meM kaMkaNa, padmarAga jaTita kayara 1 evaM candana, kuMkuma Adi sugandhita padArthoM kA lepa karatI thiiN| aguru dhUpa se kezoM ko sugandhita bhI striyAM karatI thIM 22 / puruSa vimala mANikya ke kaTaka ke yUra--bhujabandhana, kamara meM kaTisUtra, kAnoM meM kuNDala 26, mastaka para mukuTa, kapoloM para nAnA prakAra kI patralekhA aura gale meM puSpAhAra yA ratnAhAra dhAraNa karata the| zabara yA nimna zreNI ke anya loga latAoM se keza bandhana, guMjA ke AbhUSaNa, garUka lepana, balkalArdha dhAraNa evaM kaThora dhanuSa hAtha meM dhAraNa kiye rahate the| bAhara jAte samaya zikArI kutte sAtha rahate the / 1--sa0, pR0 32 // 2--vhii| 3--vhii| 4--vahI, pR0 131. 5--vahI, pR0 74 / 6--vahI, pR0 64-66 / 7--vhii| 8--vhii| 8--vhii| 10--vhii| 11--vhii| 12--vahI, pR0 567 / 13--vahI, pR0 567 / 14--vahI, pR0 639 / 15--vahI, pR0 636 / 16--vahI, pR0 254 / 17--vahI, pR0 64-66 / 18--vhii| 19--vhii| 20-vahI, pR0, 638-636 / 21--vhii| 22-vhii| 23--vhii| 24--vahI, pR0 504 tathA 675 /

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nagara aura grAmoM kI sthiti jaina sAhitya meM grAma, nagara, kheTa, kharvaTa,maDamba, paTTaNa, droNa aura saMvAhana' kA ullekha prAtA hai| jisa bastI ke cAroM ora bAr3a rahatI hai, vaha grAma kahalAtA hai| jisake cAroM ora dIvAleM hoM aura cAra daravAjoM se saMyukta hoM, vaha nagara hai| pAMca sau grAmoM ke vyApAra kA kendra maDamba ; ratna prApti ke sthAna ko paTTaNa; samudrI bandaragAha ko droNa evaM upa-samudrataTa se veSTita saMvAhana hotA hai| pattana ke sambandha meM eka mAnyatA yaha bhI hai ki jahA~ gAr3iyoM dvArA vyApAra hotA ho, vaha pattana aura jahAM jalamArga se naukAoM dvArA vyApAra sampanna hotA ho, vaha paTTaNa' haiN| haribhadra ne batAyA hai ki nagara bahuta sundara hotA thaa| usake cAroM ora prAkAra rahatA thaa| parikhA bhI nagara ke cAroM ora rahatI thii| nagara meM pradhAna cAra dvAra rahate the, jinameM kapATa lage rahate the| yAtAyAta ke lie nagara meM sar3aka hotI thiiN| trika' catuSka aura catvara nagara ke mArgoM kI saMjJAeM AyI haiN| jahAM tIna sar3akeM milatI hoM, use trika, jahAM cAra sar3akeM milatI hoM, use catuSka aura jahAM cAra se bhI adhika rAste hoM, use catvara kahate the| jahAM bahuta se manuSyoM kA yAtAyAta ho, vaha mahApatha aura sAmAnya mArga ko patha kahA jAtA thaa| haribhadra ne utsavoM ke avasaroM para nagara ko sajAne aura usake mArgoM meM sugandhita puSpa yA sugandhita curNa vikIrNa karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| nagara ke bAjAroM ko sIdhI eka rekhA meM banAyA jAtA thaa| nagara meM tAlAba (dahA0pR0 106) banAne kI bhI prathA thii| sAdhAraNa logoM ke AvAsa gRha kaI prakAra ke banate the| haribhadra ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjAoM ke prAsAdoM ko chor3a sAmAnya janatA ke gRha nimna prakAra ke hote the:-- (1) bhvn| (2) gRh| (3) celgRh| (4) nivaas| bhavana --dhanImAnI vyaktiyoM ke hote the| inameM gavAkSa, dvAra, aTTAlikAeM stambha, ajira Adi rahate the| bhavanoM meM toraNa rahate the tathA rAjaprAsAda ke samAna mukhya dvAra yA siMhadvAra bhI rahatA thaa| prAcIna bhavana Aja ke baMgalA yA koThI kA purAtana saMskaraNa gRha--gRha bhavana se nimna stara kA hotA thaa| gavAkSa aura dvAra to rahate the, para aTTAlikAeM nahIM rahatI thiiN| gRha Ajakala ke kvArTara kA purAtana saMskaraNa the| 1..-da0 hA0 pR0 118 / --sama0 ke pratyeka bhava meN| 3--sa0 pR0 27 / 4--vahI, pR0 9 tathA 326 / 5--vahI, pR0 9 tathA 326 / 6--vahI, pR0 9 tathA 326 / 7.-vahI, pR0 16, 562 / 25-22 eDa. For Private & Personal use only

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386 celagRha'--yaha vastra tAnakara banAyA jAtA hai / haribhadra ke varNana se lagatA hai ki tambU yA Dere ke samAna celagRha rahe hoNge| nivAsa --sAdhAraNa koTi ke uTaja ke artha meM AyA hai / araNya nivAsI pallIpati bhilla prAdi nivAsa banAkara rahate the| __haribhadra ne eka kathA meM (sa0pa0 220) likhA hai ki garIba loga sardI se kAMpate hue dAMta kaTakaTAte rAtri vyatIta karate the| inake gharoM meM bana kaMDe jalAye jAte the jinase kaTudhUma nikalatA thaa| ye TUTe phUTe gharoM meM nivAsa karate the, jinakI phaTI darAroM se sAMpa nikalA karate the / dhanI loga acche gharoM meM rahate the| kuMkuma-kastUrI kA upayoga karate the| vAhana vAhanoM meM hAthI, ghor3e, ratha, bailagAr3I prasiddha the| jala yAtrA ke lie nAva aura bar3e-bar3e jahAjI bar3e calate the| dhanI vyakti hAthI, ghor3e aura ratha kI savArI karate the| bailagAr3I janasAdhAraNa kI savArI thii| pAlakI kA bhI ullekha pAyA hai, yaha bahuta sammAna kI savArI samajhI jAtI thI aura ratnazobhita kaMcana ke daNDavAlI hotI thii| ratha maNDiyoM se sajAyA jAtA thA, kSudra ghaNTikAeM bAMdhI jAtI thI, ratnoM kI mAlAeM aura motiyoM ke hAra laTakAye jAte the| ratha ke bIca meM mANikya siMhAsana rahatA thA, jisa para rAjakumAra yA dhanika loga baiThate the / pAlatU pazu aura pakSI haribhadra ne pAlatU pazuoM meM hAthI (sa0pR0 100), ghor3e (sa0 pR0 16), vRSabha (sa0pU0 510), khara, karabha, go, mahiSa, uSTra (sa0 pU0 348) aura pAkhe Taka zunaka-kutte (sa0pU0 120) ke nAma ginAye haiN| hAthiyoM kI jAtivizeSa kA ullekha karate hue haribhadra ne likhA hai-- "bhadda-mandavaMsapamuhA ya gayavise sA" (sa0pR0 100)--bhadra aura mandavaMza jAti ke hAthI zreSTha samajhe jAte the| ghor3oM kI jAti kA ullekha karate hue batAyA ki "turakka-valhIka kamboya-vajjarAinAsakaliyAI ghoDayavandrAI (sa0pU0 100-16) arthAt turuSka, vAlhIka, kamboja, bajjara Adi jAti ke ghor3e pramukha the| pakSiyoM meM zuka, sArikA, bhavana-kalahaMsa (sa0pa082), rAjahaMsa, rAjahaMsinI (sa0 pR0 87), kukkuTa, (sa0pU0301) mayUra, (sa0pa0 307), kokilA (sa0 pR0 368) aura sArasa (sa0 pR0 468) ke nAma pAye hai| mRga, hiraNa aura hariNI ke pAlane kI bhI (sa0pa0 82) prathA pracalita thii| krIDA-vinoda manovinoda ke lie vividha nATaka, chanda, nRtya (sa0pa0 16), prAdi ke sAtha geMda khelanA, citrakArI karanA, gIta gAnA (sa0pR0 21), patraccheda karanA (sa0pR0 82), 1--sa0 pR0 656 / 2-vahI, pR0 657 / 3--vahI, pR0 639 / 4---yahI pR0 881 /

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387 priyaMgumaMjarI ke karNAvataMza banAnA, nAgavallI ke pattoM ke sAtha tAmbUla lagAnA (sa0pU0880-81), vividha prakAra ke citra banAnA, (sa0pU0 89), prahelikA kahanA (sa0pU0 744 ), samasyA pUrti karanA (sa0pU0 752), kAvya racanA karanA (sa0pU0 86), vINA vAdana (sa0 pR0 382), sundara kathAeM kahanA-sunanA (sa0pu0 84), zikAra khelanA (sa0 pR0 174 tathA 325) evaM bAha yAlI - rAjaprAsAda se bAhara ghor3e daur3Ane ke maidAna meM ghor3e para savAra hokara bhramaNa (sa0 pR0 16) karanA batAyA haiM / manovinoda ke lie saMgIta kA prAyojana vizeSa rUpa se hotA thA / vAdya meM paTa-Dhola, mRdaMga, vaMza, kAMsyaka - kAMsA kA vAdya (sa0 pU0 10 ), tantrI -- tAMtaM se bane vAdya kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / manovinoda ke lie utsava vizeSa bhI sampanna kiye jAte the / utsava aura goSThiyA~ haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAoM meM kaI prakAra ke sAmAjika utsavoM kA ullekha milatA haiM / inameM nimna utsava mahatvapUrNa haiM : * -- kAttika pUrNimA mahotsava (sa0 pR0 654 ) - - isa utsava ko kevala striyAM sampanna karatI thiiN| isameM puruSoM ko nagara ke bAhara kara diyA jAtA thA / utsava madhyAhna se prArambha hotA thA aura rAta bhara sampanna kiyA jAtA thA / nRtya, gAyana, vAdana Adi kA zrAyojana rahatA thA / madana- mahotsava (sa0pU0 53, 466 ) - - isa utsava kA pracAra prAcIna bhArata ma~ pratyadhika thA / yaha utsava caitra zuklA trayodazI ko prAyaH sampanna kiyA jAtA thA / isa tithi ko madana trayodazI bhI kahA gayA hai / bhaviSyatpurANa meM batAyA gayA hai ki ziva ne madana ko bhasma karane ke uparAnta gaurI ke Agraha karane para eka dina ke lie anaMga ko zarIra ke sAtha zrAvirbhUta hone kA AzIrvAda diyA thaa| ataH vAsantI trayodazI madana mahotsava kA dina nizcita huA thA / ratnAvalI nATikA meM bhI isa mahotsava kA varNana AyA hai / batAyA gayA hai ki vAsavadattA azoka vRkSa ke tale pUjA karatI thI / zAkuntala nATaka ke chaTThe aMka meM bhI madana mahotsava kA ullekha zrAyA hai / pazcAttApa se santapta duSyanta ne madana mahotsava rokane ke lie cUta maMjarI cayana kA niSedha kiyA thA / mAlatI - mAdhava, vAsavadattA Adi granthoM meM bhI madana mahotsava kA varNana milatA hai / haribhadra ke varNana ke anusAra zrAzramaMjarI ke zrAne para udyAna rakSaka rAjA ko maMjarI bheMTa karatA thA / rAjA nagara bhara meM ghoSaNA karAke nAgarikoM ko sArvajanika udyAna meM utsava manAne kA Adeza detA thaa| sabhI loga vibhinna varga aura jAti ke vyakti nRtya, gIta Adi ke sAtha nATaka, abhinaya Adi kA Ayojana karate the / nagara kI sar3akeM sugandhita jala se siMcita karAI jAtI thIM / kezara aura kastUrI ke jala kA chir3akAva kiyA jAtA thA / rAjamArga para puSpa vikIrNa kiye jAte the / vicitra veza banAye yuvakoM kI TolI nagara kI sar3akoM para bahuta logoM se prazaMsanIya vasanta krIr3A kA anubhava karatI huI vicaraNa karatI thI / carcarI zrRMgArika jIvoM ke sAtha nRtya karatI huI vibhinna yuvakoM kI ToliyAM vicaraNa karatI thiiN| udyAna meM pahu~cakara loga vibhinna prakAra kI krIr3AeM karate the| rAja-parivAra meM bhavanodyAna ke vRkSoM para jhUle DAle jAte the aura yuvatiyAM jhUlatI thIM / madana mahotsava strI-puruSa donoM hI sampanna karate the / maMdana - mahotsava meM hI kusumAvalI aura siMhakumAra ne paraspara meM apanA hRdaya arpaNa

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388 kiyA thA / udyAna meM patra- chedana, kandukakrIr3A, vINAvAdana zrAdi ke karane se jaba yuvaka-yuvatiyAM klAnta ho jAtIM to tAlavRnta meM karpUra vITikA bAMdhakara havA karatI thIM / candana lepa evaM mRNAlavalaya Adi bhI dhAraNa kiye jAte the / aSTamI candra mahotsava (sa010 237 ) - - yaha utsava bhI prAyaH striyoM ke dvArA sampanna hotA thA / striyAM sundara vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita ho karake udyAna meM nAca-gAna pUrvaka isa utsava ko sampanna karatI thIM / puruSa bhI isameM zAmila hote the aura ve bhI utsava kA zrAnanda uThAte the, kintu pradhAnatA nAriyoM kI hI rahatI thI / yaha inake lie madana pUjana kA dina thA / yaha utsava caitra zuklA aSTamI ko sampanna kiyA jAtA thA / kaumudI mahotsava (sa0pU0 647 ) -- yaha utsava saMbhavataH zarad pUrNimA ko hotA thA / yuvaka-yuvatiyAM udyAna aura latAgRhoM meM jAkara nRtya-gAna kA zrAnanda letI thIM / ina utsavoM ke atirikta haribhadra ne kaI prakAra kI goSThiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / mitragoSThI, dhUrta goSThI aura kuTumba goSThI ke nAma Aye haiM / ina goSThiyoM kA uddezya manoraMjana, samasyAoM kA samAdhAna evaM vyaMgyarUpa meM kisI pradhAna tathya para prakAza DAlanA ha~ / mitragoSThI meM prazoka, kAmAMkura aura lalitAMgakumAra samarAditya kA manoraMjana karane ke lie manohara gIta gAte, gAthA par3hate, vINAvAdana kA prayoga pUchate, nATaka dekhate, kAmazAstra kA vicAra karate, citra dekhate, sArasa pakSiyoM ke jor3e kI carcA karate, cakravAkoM kI nindA karate, jhUle para jhUlate aura puSpa- zayyA sajAte the / 1 dhUrta goSThI meM dhUrtAkhyAna ke pAMcoM dhUrta apanI-apanI gappa hAMkata tathA purANoM para vyaMgya karate dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / Arthika sthiti haribhadra kI dRSTi meM artha kI bar3I mahattA hai / inhoMne "atthara hio khu puriso apuriso ceva" arthAt dhanarahita vyakti ko puruSa hI nahIM mAnA hai / eka kathA meM kahA hai ki artha hI devatA hai, yahI sammAna bar3hAtA hai, yahI gaurava paidA karatA hai, yahI manuSya kA mUlya bar3hAtA hai, yahI sundaratA kA kAraNa hai, yahI kula, rUpa, vidyA aura buddhi kA prakAzana karatA hai 5 I dhana ke abhAva meM manuSya kI koI bhI sthiti saMbhava nahIM hai / sAre sukhoM kA sAdhana dhana hI haiM / ataH "tivaggasAhaNamUlaM zratthajAyaM " trivarga kA mUla sAdhana dhana hI hai / dhana ke abhAva meM dharma aura kAma puruSArtha kA bhI sevana saMbhava nahIM hai / AjIvikA ke sAdhana haribhadra ne AjIvikA ke pradhAna sAdhanoM meM asi, maSi, kRSi, vANijya, zilpa aura bhRtya karma ko ginAyA hai / haribhadra ne pUrvaparamparA pracalita pandraha kAryoM ko khara karma kahA hai aura dharmAtmA vyakti ko inake karane kA niSedha kiyA hai / yaha satya hai 1- sama0 pR0 2 -- vahI, pR0 3 - - vahI, pR0 4 -- vahI, pR0 5 - vahI, pR0 246 83 / 375 / 865 // 539 //

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386 ki prAcIna kAla meM ina pandraha kAryoM ke dvArA sAdhAraNataH AjIvikA sampanna kI jAtI thI aura jaMnAcArya ina kAmoM ko niSiddha samajhate the / jainAgama sAhitya meM bhI ina khara karmoM kA nirdeza milatA hai / ( 1 ) iMgAlakamma -- koyalA, IMTa Adi banAne kI jIvikA / (2) vaNakamma -- -- vRkSoM ko kATakara becanA / ( 3 ) sAgaDikamma -- gAr3I Adi banAkara athavA gAr3I jotakara jIvikA calAnA / (4) bhADiyakamma -- gAr3I, ghor3e, khaccara, baila, Adi se bojhA Dhokara AjIvikA karanA / (5) phoDiyakamma -- vAsana ( barttana), Adi banAkara becanA / (6) dantavANijja - - hAthI dAMta, Adi kA vyApAra karanA / ( 7 ) lakkhavANijja -- lAkha, Adi kA vyApAra karanA / (8) ke savANijja - - kezoM kA vyApAra karanA / ( 9 ) rasavANijya - - makkhana, madhu, Adi kA vyApAra karanA / (10) viSavANijja - viSAdi prANaghAtaka padArthoM kA vyApAra | (11) jantapIlaNakamma -- kolha uu, mila, Adi calAne kA kArya / (12) nillaMchaNakamma -- zarIra ke aMga chedana kA kArya, jaise baila kI nAka chedanA, badhiyA banAnA, Adi / (13) davaggidAvaNaya-vana, Adi jalAne ke liye agni lagAnA yA lagavAnA / (14) asaipoSaNaM -- billI, kuttA pAlanA yA dAsa-dAsI pAlakara bhAr3e se AmadanI karanA / (15) sara - daha-talAyassosaNaya - - tAlAba, draha Adi ke sukhAne kA kArya / samudra yAtrA aura vANijya samarAiccakahA meM aise kaI pAtra Aye haiM jo samudra yAtrA dvArA dhanArjana karate hue dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / ye vyApAra ke nimitta bar3e-bar3e jahAjI ber3e calAte the aura siMhala, suvarNadvIpa, ratnadvIpa Adi se dhanArjana kara lauTate the| dhana ne svopArjita vitta dvArA dAna karane ke nimitta samudrapAra vyApAra karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura vaha apanI patnI dhanazrI aura bhRtya nanda ko bhI sAtha lekara "nANApayAra maNDajAyaM " (sa0 pR0 240 ) aneka prakAra kA sAmAna jahAja meM lAdakara apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha calA | mArga meM usakI patnI dhanazrI ne use viSa diyA / apane jIvana se nirAza hokara usane apanA mAla matA nanda ko supurda kara diyA / kucha dinoM ke bAda jahAja mahAkaTAha pahu~cA aura nanda saugAta lekara rAjA se milA / yahAM nanda ne pAla utaravAyA aura dhana kI davA kA bhI prabandha kiyA, para usase koI lAbha na huA / yahAM kA mAla kharIdA gayA aura jahAja para lAdakara jahAja ko Age bar3hAyA / 1 paMcama bhAva kI kathA meM sanatkumAra aura vasubhUti sArthavAha samudradatta ke sAtha tAmralipta se vyApAra ke liye cale / jahAja do mahIne meM suvarNabhUmi pahuMca gayA / suvarNabhUmi se siMhala ke lie ravAnA hue| teraha dina calane ke bAda eka bar3A bhArI tUphAna uThA aura jahAja kAbU se bAhara ho gayA 1 1- sa0 pR0 240 -- caturthabhava kI kathA | 2 -- paMcama bhava kI samasta kathA, pR0 398 /

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360 dharaNa kI kathA se bhI bhArata, dvIpAntara aura cIna ke bIca jahAja dvArA vyApAra karane kI prathA para pUrA prakAza par3atA hai| yaha vaijayantI bandaragAha se calakara suvarNadvIpa pahuMcA aura yahAM usane vicitra dhAtukSetra samajhakara svanAmAMkita dasa-dasa IToM ke sau Dhera sone kI IToM ke taiyAra kiye / isake bAda usane apanA patA dene ke liye bhinna potadhvaja lagA diyaa| isI bIca cIna se sAdhAraNa koTi kA sAmAna lAde hue subadana sArthavAha kA jahAja jA rahA thaa| usane naukA bhejakara dharaNa ko apane jahAja para baitthaayaa| jahAja ravAnA hote samaya svarNadvIpa kI svAminI devI ne use rokaa| hemakuNDala kI sahAyatA se vaha ratnadvIpa pahuMcA aura vahAM se ratna prApta kiye / / ___ isa prakAra haribhadra ke pAtra vyApAra (vANijya) karate hue dikhalAyI par3ate haiN| dharaNa ne uttarApatha ke pramukha nagara acalapura meM cAra mahInA rahakara "vibhAgasaMpattIe ya vikkiNiyamaNeNa bhaNDaM, samAsAio aTThaguNo lAbho" apanA mAla becakara ATha guNA lAbha prApta kiyaa| vyApArI dizA vANijya ke liye nirantara jAte rahate the| jahAja dvArA vANijya ke atirikta sthala meM bailagAr3iyoM dvArA vANijya sampanna hotA thaa| mAla eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para bailagAr3iyoM ke dvArA hI le jAyA jAtA thaa| vyApAra 'celAdibhaNDa' (pR0 172) vastra, kapAsa, sana, anAja, Adi padArthoM kA hotA thaa| haribhadra ke samaya meM deza kI sthiti acchI pratIta hotI hai| dhana, dhAnya, suvarNa, maNi, mauktika, pravAla, dvipada aura catuSpada :--pAlatU pazu Adi sampatti thii| dInAra 5 zabda kA prayoga kaI sthAnoM para AyA hai| hiraNya, suvarNa, ratna, padmarAga, puSparAga, pravAla Adi usa samaya kA pradhAna dhana thaa| dhArmika sthiti aura zikSA sAhitya haribhadra svayaM jaina dharmAvalambI hai, ataH jainadharma kA sAMgopAMga vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| darzana aura AcAra kA vyApaka mAnacitra inakI kathAoM meM vartamAna hai| zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vrata, munidharma-vrata, samiti, gupti, parISahajaya, bhAvanA, sAta tatva, karmakSaya karane kA krama, saMsAra asAratA, kAlaprarUpaNA, kalpavRkSoM kA varNana, bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmi kI vyavasthA, cAroM Ayu ke bandha ke kAraNa, anya samasta karmoM ke Asrava, ratnatraya, saMyama, naraka aura svarga ke vistRta vivecana, siddha sukha kA anupama varNana, vratoM kA atIcAra sahita vistRta vivecana, upazama zreNI aura kSapaka zreNI kI vyavasthA kA varNana kiyA haribhadra ne jainadharma ke vivecana ke sAtha ina kathAoM meM dAna, zIla, tapa aura sadbhAvanA rUpa lokadharma kA bahuta hI sundara varNana kiyA hai| yaha lokadharma aihika aura pAramArthika donoM dRSTiyoM se sukha aura zAnti kA kAraNa hai| jisakI AtmA meM ina guNoM kA vikAsa ho jAtA hai vaha satkarmI aura saMskArI bana jAtA hai| yaha lokadharma vargagata aura jAtigata viSamatAoM se rahita hai, mAnava mAtra kA kalyANa karane vAlA hai| 1---sa0 50 552--556 / 2--vahI, pa0 509 / 3--da0 hA0 pR0 118 / 4-sa0 pR0 39 / 5--vahI, pR0 114 /

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jIvana kI sArI anaitikatAeM dUra ho jAtI haiM aura jIvana sukhI bana jAtA hai| isa lokadharma meM kisI dharma yA sampradAya kA gandha nahIM hai| inhoMne pUrvakRta karmoM kI vyavasthA para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai-- samvo puvakayANaM kammANaM pAvae phalavivAgaM / avarAhe su guNe su ya nimittamattaM paro hoi ' // arthAt sabhI vyakti pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala ke udaya ko prApta karate haiN| aparAdha karane vAlA yA kArya siddhi meM guNoM ko prakaTa karane vAlA vyakti to kevala nimitta mAtra hotA hai| haribhadra ne apane samaya kI dhArmika sthiti kA varNana karate hue tApasa dharma aura tApasa AzramoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| prathama bhava kI kathA meM suparitoSa nAmaka Azrama kA citrAMkana karate hue batAyA hai ki yaha Azrama bakula, campA, azoka, punnAga aura nAga vRkSa vizeSoM se yukta thaa| yahAM hariNa aura siMha eka sAtha zAntipUrvaka rahate the, sugandhita dhUpa mizrita dhUma nikalatA thA evaM nirmala jalavAlI giri-nadI pravAhita hotI thii| isa Azrama kA kulapati Arjava kauNDinya thA, jo balkaladhArI, bikaTa jaTA-lambI, moTI jaTAvAlA, ajita aura tridaNDadhArI, rAkha kA tripuNDa lagAye, kamaNDalU pAsa meM rakhe, kuzAsana para dhyAnastha baiThA huA rudrAkSa kI mAlA ghumA rahA thaa| mantrAkSara japane se usake kucha oTha phaDaka rahe the| usane nAsAgra daSTi rakhakara apane samasta bAra vyApAra ko roka liyA thaa| yaha atasImaya yogapaTTa nAma ke Asana ko lagAye the| paMcama bhava kI kathA meM eka tApasI kA varNana karate hue haribhadra ne likhA hai : "rAkha kA puMDarIka lagAye, jaTAoM ko Upara bAMdhe hue, dAhine hAtha meM putraMjIvaka ke bIjoM kI mAlA aura bAyeM hAtha meM kamaNDalU liye hue, balkaladhAriNI, atyadhika tapasvinI, asthicarmAvazeSa, praur3ha avasthA kI tApasI sanatkumAra ne dekhI / " uparyukta varNanoM se tApasI mata ke saMbaMdha meM nimna niSkarSa nikalate haiM:(1) kAyakleza ko hI jIvana kA carama lakSya maanaa| (2) ahiMsA hiMsA ke viveka se zUnya aura hiMsaka tapa--paMcAgni Adi meM vishvaas| (3) AdhyAtmika cintana se dUra, mAtra laukika siddhiyoM meM hI vizvAsa / (4) ajJAnatApUrvaka kRcchU sAdhanA / (5) parigraha meM Asakti rkhnaa| (6) yajJa ko nirvANa prApti kA mArga smjhnaa| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki haribhadra ke samaya meM tApasa mata kA paryApta pracAra thaa| haribhadra ne laghu kathAoM meM bauddha dharma kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| AtmA ke astitva ke saMbaMdha meM piMgaka aura AcArya vijayasiMha kA vAda-vivAda upasthita kara haribhadra ne nAstikatA kA khaMDana karAyA hai| laukAyata yA cArvAka mAnatA hai ki paMcabhUta ke viziSTa rAsAyanika mizraNa se zarIra kI utpatti kI taraha AtmA kI 1--sama0 pR0 160 / 2--sa0 pR0 11-12 / 3- vahI, pR0 411 / 4--taccaNiyar3avAsaeNa, da0 hA0 pR0 93 /

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362 bhI utpatti hotI hai / jisa prakAra mahuA, gur3a, jau zrAdi padArthoM ke sar3Ane se zarAba banatI hai aura usameM mAdaka zakti svayaM A jAtI haiM, usI taraha paMcabhUtoM ke vizeSa saMyoga se caitanya zakti bhI utpanna ho jAtI haiM / ataH caitanya AtmA kA dharma na hokara zarIra kA hI dharma haiM aura isIlie jIvana kI dhArA garbha se lekara maraNaparyanta calatI hai / maraNakAla meM zarIra yantra meM vikRti A jAne se jIvana zakti samApta ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra dehAtmavAda kI siddhi piMgaka ne kI hai / uttara meM AcArya vijayasiMha ne deha se bhinna AtmA kI sattA "ahaM sukhI" "ahaM duHkhI" Adi svAnubhavajJAna dvArA siddha kI hai / janmAntara smaraNa bhI AtmA ke astitva kA paricAyaka hai / yaha satya hai ki karmaparatantra AtmA kI sthiti bahuta kucha zarIra aura zarIra ke avayavoM ke adhIna rahatI hai | bhUta caitanya yA dehAtmavAda Adhunika thAirAiDa aura picuveTarI granthiyoM ke haramona siddhAnta ke samakakSa hai / isake anusAra anya granthiyoM ke haramona nAmaka dravya ke kama ho jAne para jJAnAdi guNoM kI kamI AtI haiM / para yaha bhI deha parimANa vAle svataMtra Atmatattva ke mAnane para hI siddha ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra haribhadra ne dehAtmavAda kI eka jhalaka dikhalAyI hai / haribhadra ke samaya meM zAkta yA aghorapantho dharma kA bhI pracAra thA / inhoMne chaThe bhava kI kathA meM pallIpati dvArA kAtyAyanI devI ke mandira meM narabali kA Ayojana dikhalAyA hai / isa mandira kI bhayaMkaratA kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki manuSyoM ke kalevara se isakA prAkAra zobhita thA, kabandhoM se isake toraNa banAye gaye the / siMha kA muMha isake zikhara para lagA huA thA / hAthI dAMta se dIvAleM banAI gaI thiiN| garbhagRha tatkSaNa kaTa gaye carma se AcchAdita thA / nara kapAla meM puruSa kI basA dIpaka ke rUpa meM prajvalita ho rahI thI / vilva aura guggala ke jalane se kaTu dhUma nikala rahA thA / zabara striyoM ne rudhirAsakta gajamuktAoM se svastika banAye the / isa mandira meM ke daNDa, khaDga, ghaNTA aura mahiSAsura kI pUMcha hAtha meM lie hue kAtyAyanI kI pratimA virAjamAna thI / ataH spaSTa hai ki jaMgalI jAtiyoM meM isa dharma kA pracAra thA / haribhadra ne ina vibhinna dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ko anta meM ahiMsaka banAyA hai / 2 zikSA sAhitya rAjakumAra kizorAvasthA ---- haribhadra ne zikSA ko jIvana kA anivArya aMga mAnA hai / lekhaka zikSA prApti ke liye sauMpa diye jAte the / ye rAjakumAra "rAyakumArociya kalAkalAvo" rAjakumArocita kalAoM ko sIkhate the / kAvya racanA bhI karate the kumAra lihiyA gAhA (sa0 pR0 757 ) tathA citra racanA " uvaNIyA se kumAra lihiyA cintavaTTiyA" (sa0 pR0 760 ) kI zikSA bhI pAte the / nAnA prakAra ke manohara citra banAkara rAjakumAra apanA manoraMjana karate the / kumAra apane abhyAsa dvArA zIghra hI "sayala - satyakalA-sampattisundaraM patto kumArabhAva" (sa0 pR0 863 ) samasta zAstra aura 1. sama0 pR0 201-215 / 2 - vahI, pR0 531-532 / 3 -- samappiyA ya le hAyariyassa -- sa0, pR0 128 /

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kalAoM meM pravINatA prApta karate the| haribhadra ne zikSA ke antargata nimna viSaya aura kalAoM ko parigaNita kiyA hai :-- (1) lekha--sundara aura spaSTa lipi likhanA tathA spaSTa rUpa se apane bhAva aura _ vicAroM kI abhivyaMjanA lekhana dvArA krnaa| (2) gaNita--aMkagaNita, bIjagaNita aura rekhAgaNita kA prijnyaan| (3) Alekhya--isake antargata dhUlicitra, sAdRzyacitra aura rasacitra ye tInoM prakAra ke citra A jAta the| rAjakumAroM ko Alekhya kA parijJAna anivArya samajhA jAtA thaa| (4) nATya--nATaka likhane aura khalane kI klaa| isa kalA meM sura, tAla Adi kI gati ke anusAra aneka vidha nRtya ke prakAra sikhalAye jAte haiN| (5) gIta--kisa samaya kauna-sA svara AlApanA cAhiye ? amuka svara ko amuka samaya para AlApane se kyA prabhAva par3atA hai ? ina samasta viSayoM kI jAnakArI isameM parigaNita haiN| (6) vAditra--isa kalA meM saMgIta ke svarabheda aura tAla Adi ke anusAra ke vAdya bajAnA sikhalAyA jAtA hai / (7) svaragata--SaDja, RSabha, gAndhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata aura niSAda kA prijnyaan| (8) puSkaragata--bAMsurI aura bherI Adi ko aneka prakAra se bajAne kI kalA / (9) samatAla--vAdyoM ke svarAnusAra hAtha yA pairoM kI gati ko sAdhanA / (10) dyUta--jUA khelane kI kalA ko siikhnaa| yaha manovinoda kA eka sAdhana . thA, ataH isakI gaNanA kalAoM ke antargata hotI thii| (11) janavAda--manuSya ke zarIra, rahana-sahana, bAta-cIta, khAna-pAna Adi ke dvArA usakA parIkSaNa karanA ki yaha kisa prakRti kA hai aura kisa pada yA kisa kAma ke lie upayukta haiN| (12) horA--jAtaka zAstra arthAt janmapatrI kA nirmANa aura phalAdeza / (13) kAvya--kAvyaracanA tathA purAtana kAvyoM kA avagAhana krnaa| (14) dakamAtikam--isa kalA meM bhUmi kI prakRti kA parijJAna kiyA jAtA hai / kisa bhUmi meM kauna-sI vastu utpanna ho sakatI hai ? kahAM vakSa aura latAeM lagAyI jA sakatI haiM, Adi kA prijnyaan| isa kalA ko kRSi-karma kalA kahA jA sakatA hai| khAda tathA miTTI ke guNoM kI yathArtha jAnakArI isameM abhISTa thii| (15) aTThAvaya--arthapada-arthazAstra kI jaankaarii| isake antargata ratnaparIkSA aura dhAtuvAdakalA ye donoM hI A jAtI haiN| (16) annavidhi--bhojana nirmANa karane kI kalA kI jaankaarii| (17) pAnavidhi--peya padArtha nirmANa karane kI kalA kI jaankaarii| (18) zayanavidhi--zayyA nirmANa tathA zayana saMbaMdhI anya Avazyaka bAtoM kI jAnakArI isameM sammilita thii| 1--lehaM gaNiyaM Ale kkhaM nahaM gIyaM vAhayaM saragayaM pukkharagayaM samatAlaM jUyaM horAkarva dagamaTTiyaM--sauNasayaM ceti, sa0 pR0 734 aSTama bhava /

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(19) AryA--AryA chanda ke vividha rUpoM kI jAnakArI / (20) prahelikA--pahelI bUjhane kI yogyatA prApta krnaa| (21) mAgahiyA--mAgadhikA--mAgadhI bhASA aura sAhitya kI jaankaarii| (22) gAthA---gAthA likhanA aura smjhnaa| (23) gIti--gIti kAvyoM kI racanA karanA aura unakA adhyayana krnaa| (24) zloka--zloka racanA kI jaankaarii| (25) mahusittha--madhusiktha--moma yA AlatA banAne kI klaa| (26) gandhajutti--gandhayukti--itra, kezara, kastUrI Adi sugandhita padArthoM kI pahacAna aura unake guNa-doSoM kA parijJAna / (27) AbharaNavidhi--AbharaNa--AbhUSaNa nirmANa aura dhAraNa karane kI klaa| (28) taruNaprItikarma--anya vyaktiyoM ko prasanna karane kI klaa| (29) strIlakSaNa--nAriyoM kI jAti aura unake guNa-avaguNoM ko pahacAna / (30) puruSalakSaNa--puruSoM kI jAti aura unake guNa-avaguNoM kI pahacAna / (31) hayalakSaNa--ghor3oM kI parIkSA tathA unake zubhAzubha kA parijJAna / (32) gajalakSaNa--hAthiyoM kI jAtiyAM aura unake zubhAzubha kI jaankaarii| (33) golakSaNa--gAyoM kI jaankaarii| (34) kukkuTalakSaNa-kukkuTa-murgA kI pahacAna evaM usake zubhAzubha lakSaNoM ko jaankaarii| (35) meSalakSaNa--meSa priikssaa| (36) cakralakSaNa--cakra parIkSA aura cakra saMbaMdhI zubhAzubha parijJAna / (37) chatralakSaga--chatra sabaMdhI zubhAzubha jaankaarii| (38) daNDalakSaNa--kina-kina vyaktiyoM ko kisa-kisa parimANa kA kaisA moTA daMDa rakhanA cAhie, isakI kalAtmaka jaankaarii| (39) asilakSaNa---talavAra kI parIkSA karane kI jaankaarii| (40) maNilakSaNa--maNi, ratna, muktA, Adi kI samIcIna jaankaarii| (41) kAkinI--sikkoM ko jaankaarii| (42) carmalakSaNa--carma kI parIkSA karane kI jaankaarii| (43) candracarita--candramA kI gati, vimAna evaM anya tadviSayaka bAtoM kI jaankaarii| (44) sUryacarita--sUrya ko gati, gamana vIthikA, vimAna evaM anya tadviSayaka bAtoM kI jAnakArI (45) rAhucarita--rAhu graha saMbaMdhI sAMgopAMga parijJAna / (46) grahattvarita--anya samasta grahoM kI gati Adi kA jJAna / (47) sUyAkAra--sUcAkAra --AkAra se hI rahasya ko jAna lene kI klaa| (48) dUyAkAra--dUtAkAra--dUta kI AkRti se hI saba kucha jAna lene kI kalA tathA dUta niyukti ke samaya usake guNa-doSoM kI jAnakArI bhI isa kalA ke antargata AtI hai|

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365 - (49) vidyAgata--zAstra jJAna prApta karanA / (50) mantragata--daihika, daivika aura bhautika bAdhAoM ko dUra karane ke liye mantravidhi kA parijJAna / (51) rahasyagata--ekAnta kI samasta bAtoM kI jAnakArI athavA jAdU-Tone aura ToTakoM kI jAnakArI isa kalA ke antargata mAnI jAtI hai| (52) saMbhava--prasUti vijnyaan| (53) cAra--teja gamana karane kI klaa|| (54) praticAra--rogI kI sevA-suzruSA karane kI klaa| (55) vyUha--yuddha ke samAna vyUha racanA kI klaa| yuddha karate samaya se nA ko kaI vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kara darla dhya bhAga meM sthApita karane kI kalA / (56) prativyUha--zatru ke dvArA vyUha racanA karane para usake pratyuttara meM vyUha racane kI klaa| (57) skandhavAramAnam--skandhAvAra--chAvanI ke pramANa--lambAI, caur3AI evaM anya viSayaka mAna kI jAnakArI isa kalA meM zAmila hai| (58) nagaramAna--nagara kA pramANa jAnane kI klaa| (59) vAstuyAna-bhavana, prAsAda aura gRha ke pramANa ko jAnane kI kalA / (60) skandhAvAra nivezanam--chAvaniyAM kahAM DAlI jAnI cAhie, unako racanA kaise karanI caahiye| unakI rasada kA prabandha kahAM, kaise aura kitanA karake rakhanA caahiye| zatru se kaise surakSita rahA jA sakatA hai, ityAdi bAtoM kA jJAna isa kalA ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| (61) nagaraniveza--nagara basAne kI klaa| (62) vAstuniveza--bhavana, prAsAda aura ghara banavAne kI kalA / (63) iSvastra--bANa prayoga karane kI klaa| (64) tattva pravAda--tattvajJAna kI zikSA / (65) azvazikSA--azva ko zikSA dene kI kalA--nAnA prakAra kI cAleM sikhlaanaa| (66) hastizikSA--hAthI ko zikSita karane kI kalA arthAt hAthI ko yuddha karanA sikhalAnA, raNabhUmi meM vizeSa rUpa se saMcAlana kI zikSA denA Adi / (67) maNizikSA--maNiyoM ko sundara aura sacivakaNa banAne kI kalA / (68) dhanurveda--dhanuSa calAne kI vizeSa kalA / (69) hiraNyavAda--cAMdI ke vividha prayoga aura rUpoM ko jAnane kI kalA / (70) suvarNavAda--sone ke vividha prayoga aura usako pahacAnane kI klaa| (71) maNivAda---maNiyoM ke vividha prayogoM kI jaankaarii| (72) dhAtuvAda--dhAtuoM ko kharA-khoTA pahacAnane kI kalA / (73) bAhuyuddha--bAhuyuddha ko kalA, isa kalA kA dUsarA nAma mallayuddha bhI hai| (74) daNDayuddha--lAThI calAne kI kalA / (75) muSTiyuddha--mukkA yA dhUMsA mArane kI kalA / (76) asthiyuddha--haDDiyoM ko lar3Ane kI kalA /

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366 (77) yuddha--raNabhUmi meM yuddha karane kI kalA / (78) niyuddha--kuztI lar3ane kI kalA / (79) yuddha-niyuddha--ghamAsAna yuddha karane kI kalA / (80) sUtrakrIDA--sUta kI jaankaarii| kisa prakAra kI kapAsa se kaisA sUta taiyAra hotA hai aura sUta kA upayoga kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai, Adi bAtoM kA parijJAna athavA sUtra dvArA vividha khela karane kI klaa| (81) vatthakheDDa---vastra krIDA--sUtI, UnI, rezamI aura tasara vastroM ko kalAtmaka jAnakArI athavA vastra dvArA nAnA prakAra kI krIr3A karane kI kalA / (82) vAha yakrIr3A--vAha yAlI meM ghur3asavArI karane kI kalA / (83) nAlikakor3A--eka prakAra kI cUta kriidd'aa| (84) patraccheda-pattoM ko bhedane kI kalA, nishaanebaajii| (85) kaTakacheda--senA ko bedhane kI klaa| (86) prataraccheda--vRttAkAra vastu ko bhedane kI klaa| (87) sajIva--mRta yA mRtatulya vyakti ko jIvita kara dene kI kalA / (88) nirjIva--mAraNakalA, yuddha Adi ke binA hI mantra ityAdi ke dvArA mArane kI klaa| (89) zakunaruta--pakSiyoM ko AvAja dvArA zubhAzubha kA parijJAna / isa prakAra samarAiccakahA meM 89 kalAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vipAkazrutam' meM "bAbattarIkalA paMDiyo" kahA hai arthAt 72 kalAeM kahI gaI haiN| jambUdvIpa prajJapti kI TIkA meM 64 kalAoM kA nAmollekha AyA hai| kAmazAstra meM bhI 64 kalAoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ataH talanAtmaka daSTi se vivacana karana para jJAta hotA hai ki haribhadra ne eka kalA ke kaI aMza kara diye hai| kucha aise bhI nAma hai, jo bahattara aura causaTha nAmoM meM antarbhakta nahIM hote haiN| jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM batAye gaye nAmoM meM haribhadra ke kalA nAmoM kI apekSA kumbha bhrama, sArizrama, aMjanayoga, cUrNayoga, hastalAghava, vacana-pATava Adi kucha kalAoM ke naye nAma haiN| 72 kalAoM kI saMkhyA ke sAtha tulanA karane para avagata hotA hai ki haribhadra dvArA ullikhita samatAla aura svaragata kalAoM kA antarbhAva tAla kalA meM ho jAtA hai / / haribhadra kI AryA, prahelikA, gAthA, gIti aura zloka ina pAMcoM kalAoM kA kAvya kalA meM antarbhAva hotA hai| gaja aura azva lakSaNa kalA meM gaja aura haya lakSaNa kalA ke atirikta go, kukkuTa aura meSa lakSaNa kalA kI antarbhukti bhI ho jAtI hai| isake atirikta azvazikSA aura hastizikSA ye do kalAeM bhI inake antargata A sakatI hai| horA, candracarita, sUryacarita, rAhucarita aura grahacarita kalAoM kA antarbhAva jyotiSa kalAoM meM aura cAra, praticAra vyUha, prativyUha, skanvAvAramAnaM, skandhAkAra-nivezana kA yuddhakalA aura garuDa-yuddhakalA meM antarbhAva kiyA jA sakatA hai| nagaramAna, vAstumAna, nagaraniveza aura vAstuniveza kI nagaravasAvana kalA meM antarbhukti kI jA sakatI hai| maNizikSA, hiraNyavAda, savarNavAda, maNivAda aura dhAtavAda kA dhAtavAda aura ratnaparIkSA meM antarbhAva tathA niyuddha, yuddha-niyuddha, asthiyuddha kA bhI yuddhakalA meM antarbhAva saMbhava hai| nAlika krIr3A kI bhI dyUtakalA meM antarbhukti saMbhava hai| 1-- vipAkazrutam dvitIya adhyAya, prathama sUtra /

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397 dra'DDa, vAhyakrIDA, annavidhi, pAnavidhi, zayanavidhi aura taruNaprItikarma haribhadra kI isa prakAra kI kalAeM haiM, jinakA antarbhAva bahattara kalAoM kI saMkhyAoM meM saMbhava nahIM hai / jambUdvIpa prajJapti kI TIkA meM jina causaTha kalAoM kI nAmAvalI dI gayI hai, unameM lekha, aMka, vijJAna, mantra, yantra, tantra, svarNasiddhi, mRga gaja lakSaNa, strI-puruSa lakSaNa Adi kalAeM samAna haiM / ataH saMkSa epa meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki haribhadra ne 72 yA 64 kalAoM kA vistAra kiyA hai / inhoMne eka hI kalA ke kaI aMga kara diye haiM aura jJAna ke sabhI aMgoM ko sameTane ke liye kucha nayI kalAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra ne apanI kalAoM meM jJAna ke sabhI aMgoM aura bhedoM ko antarbhukta kara liyA hai / jambUdvIpa prajJapti kI TIkA meM nirdiSTa kalAeM kAmazAstra kI kalAoM ke samAna striyoM ke lie vihita haiM / bahattara kalAeM puruSoM ke liye batalAyI gayI haiM / samarAiccakahA meM nirdiSTa kalAeM strI-puruSa donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se grAhaya haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki haribhadra ne causaTha aura bahattara ke saMyoga se kalAoM kI saMkhyA 89 kara dI hai / isa saMkhyA meM ukta donoM hI kalAeM garbhita ho jAtI haiM / sAhitya ke kSetra meM haribhadra ke kAvya, nATaka, kathA, samasyApUti, prahelikA Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai / samarAiccakahA ke Arambha meM dharmakathA, kAmakathA, arthakathA aura saMkIrNakathA ye cAra kathA ke bheda kiye haiM tathA ina kathAoM ke svarUpa kA bhI vizleSaNa kiyA hai / haribhadra kA siddhAnta haiM ki svAnubhUti ke saMyoga se hI zabda aura artha kA saMyoga sAhitya kahalAne kA adhikArI hai / manobhAvoM kI hilora se jaba antarjagata kA satya bahirjagat ko satya ke samparka meM Akara eka saMvedanA yA sahAnubhUti utpanna karatA taba sAhitya kI sRSTi hotI hai / sAhitya kA jJAna pratyeka vyakti ke liye Avazyaka 1 zikSA ke saMbaMdha meM haribhadra ke vicAra bahuta udAra haiM / jIvana zodhana aura laukika kAryoM meM jisa jJAna ke dvArA saphalatA prApta hotI haiM, usakI gaNanA zikSA meM kI hai / #######

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8 upasaMhAra prAkRta kathA sAhitya kI sabase pramukha upalabdhi yaha hai ki kathA lekhakoM ne loka pracalita kathAoM ko lekara unheM apane dhArmika sAMce meM DhAlA hai aura dharma pracAra ke nimitta eka nayA rUpa dekara zreSTha kathAoM kA sRjana kiyA hai / ina kathAoM kA pradhAna uddezya kisI siddhAnta vizeSa kI sthApanA karanA hai / kathArasa kA sRjana kara zuddha manoraMjana karanA inakA vAstavika lakSya nahIM haiM / sAdhAraNataH prAkRta kathAoM kA svarUpa pAli kathAoM ke samAna hI hai / para pAli kathAoM meM pUrvajanma kathA kA mukhya bhAga rahatA hai, jabaki prAkRta kathAoM meM yaha kevala upasaMhAra kA kArya karatA hai / pAli kathAoM meM bodhisatva yA bhaviSya buddha hI mukhya pAtra rahate haiM, jo apane usa jIvana meM abhinaya karate haiM aura Age calakara vaha kathA upadeza kathA bana jAtI hai / yadyapi usa kathA kA mukhyAMza gAthA bhAga hI hotA hai, gadyAMza usa mukhya bhAga kI puSTi ke lie AtA hai, to bhI kathA meM samarasatA banI rahatI hai / yaha satya hai ki jAtaka kathAoM kI eka-sI piTI-piTAyI zailI hai, kintu prAkRta kathAoM meM vaM vidhya hai aneka prakAra kI zailI aura aneka prakAra ke viSaya dRSTigocara hote haiM / prAkRta kathAeM bhUta kI nahIM, vartamAna kI hotI haiM / prAkRta kathAkAra apane siddhAnta kI sIdhe pratiSThA nahIM karate, balki pAtroM ke kathopakathana aura zIla nirUpaNa Adi ke dvArA siddhAnta ko abhivyaMjanA karate haiM / prAkRta kathAkAra apane pAtroM ko sIdhe naitika nahIM dikhalAte / caritra ke vikAsa ke liye ye kisI premakathA athavA anya kisI lokakathA ke dvArA unake jIvana kI vikRtiyoM ko upasthita karate haiM | lambe saMgharSa ke pazcAt pAtra kisI AcArya yA kevalI ko prApta karatA hai aura unake samparka se usake jIvana meM naitikatA AtI hai / isI sthala para siddhAnta kI sthApanA bhI itivRtta ke sahAre hotI jAtI hai / kathA manoraMjaka DhaMga se Age bar3hatI hai / prAkRta kathAoM kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki kathA meM Aye hue pratIkoM kI uttarArdha meM saiddhAntika vyAkhyA kara dI jAtI haiM / udAharaNArtha vasudevahiNDI kA 'bhayukta kahANa' kA upasaMhAra aMza uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai ayamupasaMhAro - jahA sA gaNiyA, tahA dhammasuI / jahA te rAyasuyAI, tahA sura-maNayasuhabhogiNo pANiNo / jahA AbharaNANi, tahA desaviratisahiyANi tavovahANANi / jahA so ibbhaputto, tahA mokkhakaMkhI puriso / jahA paricchAkosallaM, tahA sammannANaM / jahA rayaNapAyapIDhaM, tahA sammaNaM / jahAM rayaNANi, tahA mahavvayANi / jahA rayaNabiNiogo, tahA nivvANasulAbho tti ' / prAkRta kathAoM ke sthApatya se mugdha hokara manISiyoM ne usakI mutakaNTha se prazaMsA kI hai / viNTaranitsa ne usake mahattva ko svIkAra karate hue batAyA hai 11 "jainoM kA kathA sAhitya sacamuca meM vizAla haiM / isakA mahattva kevala tulanAtmaka parikathA sAhitya ke vidyArthI ke liye hI nahIM haiM, balki sAhitya kI anya zAkhAoM kI apekSA hameM isameM janasAdhAraNa ke vAstavika jIvana kI jhAMkiyAM milatI haiM / jisa prakAra ina kathAoM kI bhASA aura janatA kI bhASA meM aneka sAmya haiM, usI prakAra unakA 1 - - vasudevahiNDI, pR0 4 /

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varNya viSaya bhI vibhinna vargoM ke vAstavika jIvana kA citra hamAre sAmane upasthita karatA hai| kevala rAjAoM aura purohitoM kA jIvana hI isa kathA sAhitya meM citrita nahIM hai, apitu sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM kA jIvana bhI aMkita hai| "aneka kahAniyoM, dRSTAnta-kathAoM, parikathAoM meM hameM aise viSaya milate haiM, jo bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM pAye jAte haiM aura inameM se kucha vizva sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha ___"prAcIna bhAratIya kathAzilpa ke aneka ratna jaina TIkAoM meM kathA sAhitya ke mAdhyama se hameM prApta hote haiN| TIkAoM meM yadi inheM surakSita na rakhA jAtA to ye lupta ho gaye hote| jaina sAhitya ne asaMkhya nijadharI kathAoM ke aise bhI manoraMjaka rUpa surakSita rakhe hai, jo dUsare srotoM se jAne jAte haiN|" pro0 harTala prAkRta kathAoM ko vizeSatAoM se atyanta AkRSTa hai| inhoMne isa sAhitya kI mahattA kA ullekha karate hue batAyA hai -- "kahAnI kahane kI kalA ko viziSTatA jaina kahAniyoM meM pAI jAtI hai| ye kahAniyAM bhArata ke bhinna-bhinna varga ke logoM ke rasma-rivAja ko pUrNa saccAI ke sAtha abhivyakta karatI haiN| ye kahAniyAM janasAdhAraNa kI zikSA kA udgama sthAna hI nahIM haiM, varan bhAratIya sabhyatA kA itihAsa bhI hai|" yaha satya hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA yathArthajJAna prApta karane ke lie prAkRta kathA sAhitya bahuta upayogI hai / janasAdhAraNa se lekara rAjA-mahArAjAoM taka ke caritra ko jitane vistAra aura sUkSmatA ke sAtha prAkRta kathAkAroM ne citrita kiyA hai, utanA anya bhASA ke kathAkAroM ne nahIM / nimna zreNI ke vyaktiyoM kA madhyakAlIna yathArtha aMkana isa sAhitya meM pAyA jAtA hai| zilpa kA vaividhya aura ghaTanAtantra kA vaiziSTya pratyeka kathArasika ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara letA hai| upadezaprada kathAoM meM kalA kA itanA camatkAra samAviSTa ho sakatA hai, yaha eka Azcarya kI bAta hai / bhAva, vicAra, ghaTanA, caritra aura prabhAvAnviti kI dRSTi se ye kathAeM prathama zreNI meM sthAna prApta karane ke yogya haiN| jIvana ke vistAra meM jitanI samasyAeM aura paristhitiyAM AtI haiM, jinase nAnA prakAra ke satya aura siddhAnta nikAle jA sakate hai, unakA yatheSTa samAveza ina kathAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| prAkRta kI svatantra kathAkRtiyoM meM pAtroM kI kriyAzIlatA aura vAtAvaraNa ko sajAvaTa nAnA prakAra kI bhAvabhUmiyoM kA sRjana karane meM sakSama hai| prAkRta kathAkAroM meM yaha guNa prAyaH sabhI meM pAyA jAtA hai ki ve pAThaka ke samakSa jagat kA yathArtha aMkana kara yANa kI ora pravRtti karAne vAlA koI siddhAnta upasthita kara dete haiM / pragItAtmaka racanA ke adhyayana ke samAna pAThaka kI samasta prANamayI cetanA ekonmukha hokara pratipAdya ke prAsvAdana meM DUba jAtI hai / ataH prAkRta kathA sAhitya kathA upakaraNoM kI dRSTi se paripUrNa haiM / 1--e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTarecara, pR0 545 / 2--vahI, pR0 523 / 3--vahI, pR0 487 / 4--oNna dI liTarecara gA~va dI zvetAmbarAsva gujarAta, pu0 8 /

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400 prAkRta kathAoM kA svatantra rUpa se vikAsa taraMgavatI se prArambha hotA hai / haribhadra na taraMgavatI aura vasudevahiNDI se rUpAyana evaM upAdAnoM ko grahaNa kara apanI mahattvapUrNa kRti samarAiccakahA kA praNayana kiyA hai / itanA satya hai ki jisa prakAra IMTa aura sImeMTa kA upAdAna rahane para bhI inase nirmita bhavana kA saundarya kucha dUsarA hI hotA hai, usI prakAra ukta granthoM se zailI aura katipaya upAdAnoM ke grahaNa karane para bhI haribhadra kI isa kRti kA saundarya kucha anya hI haiM / isameM sandeha nahIM ki haribhadra ucca koTi ke kalAkAra haiM / jitanI mananazIlatA aura gambhIratA inameM vartamAna hai, utanI anya kathAkAroM meM zAyada hI milegI / dhArmika kathAnoM ke racayitA hone para bhI jIvana kI vibhinna samasyAoM ko sulajhAnA aura saMgharSa ke ghAta-pratighAta prastuta karanA inakI apanI vizeSatA hai / kautUhala aura jijJAsA kA santulana kathAoM meM anta taka banA rahatA hai / kathA jIvana ke vibhinna pahaluoMoM ko apane meM sameTe hue manoraMjana karatI huI Age bar3hatI hai / prema aura laukika jIvana kI vibhinna samasyAeM samarAiccakahA meM uThAyI gayI haiM / haribhadra ne samasyAoM ko uThAkara yoM hI nahIM chor3a diyA hai, balki unake samAdhAna bhI diye gaye haiM / saMkSepa meM samarAiccakahA ke pratyeka bhava kI kathA zilpa, varNya viSaya, caritrasthApatya, saMskRti nirUpaNa evaM sandeza zrAdi dRSTiyoM se bejor3a hai / haribhadra ke pAtra kalAtmaka dRSTi se kathA meM kisI samasyA ko lekara upasthita hote haiM / ve kathA ke prArambha se lekara usake upasaMhAra taka apane jIvana ko zrananta pIr3AoM ke sAtha usa samasyA ko Dhote calate haiM / nidAna kA puTa itanA ghanA hai ki pAtroM kI svatantra kriyamANatA naSTaprAya hai / pAtroM kA vaiyaktika vikAsa karmajAla kI saghanatA aura nizcita saMskAritA ke kAraNa avaruddha hai / samasyAeM spaSTa rUpa meM sAmane nAtI haiM, para unake samAdhAna spaSTa nahIM ho pAte haiM / jIvana kI bhUmikAoM kA prArambha bhI jahAM-tahAM vartamAna hu~ / AThaveM aura nauveM bhava kI kathA meM usa yuga kI rAjya aura jIvana sambandhI ulajhana upasthita huI haiM / kathAeM apane vikAsa ke sabhI kramoM kA sparza karatI huI calatI haiM / itivRttoM kA jamaghaTa adhika rahane para bhI kathA pravAha meM koI truTi nahIM Ane pAyI hai kathAnakoM kI mor3a rocakatA utpanna karane meM sahAyaka haiM / avAntara kathAeM nidAna kI puSTi ke lie hI AyI haiM / lekhaka mukhya kathA ke siddhAnta ko avAntara kathA ke dvArA spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hai / inakA saghana jAla rahane para bhI kathA meM rasanyUnatA doSa to haiM bhI, para rasAbhAva nahIM Ane pAyA hai / samarAiccakahA kI bhASA zailI atyanta pariSkRta hai, isake dvArA prAkRta kathA kSetra ko nayI dizA prApta huI haiM / AThavIM zatI meM prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM do pramukha sthApatyoM kA zrIgaNeza huA hai -- dharmakathA aura premakathA / kautUhala kavi "lIlAvaI" nAmaka premakathA likhakara vizuddha premAkhyAna paramparA kA AvirbhAva kiyA hai / prema kI vibhinna dazAoM kA vivecana jitanI mArmikatA aura sUkSmatA ke sAtha isa grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai, utanI mArmikatA ke sAtha prAkRta kathAoM kI to bAta hI kyA, saMskRta kathAoM meM bhI nahIM milatA hai / hindI kAvya kI premAkhyAna paramparA kA mUlataH sambandha isa kathAkRti ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai / dharmakathA ke kSetra meM samarAiccakahA bejor3a haiM / isakI maulika udbhAvanAeM uttaravartI kathA mAhitya ke lie Adarza rahI haiM / daNDI, subandhu aura bANabhaTTa kI darabArI pralaMkRta kathAzailI kA parityAga kara haribhadra ne susaMskRta buddhivAloM ke lie pariSkRta zailI apanAyI hai / isa zailI kI pramukha vizeSatAoM kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| yahAM itanA hI nirdeza karanA paryApta hogA ki samarAiccakahA dharmakathA -zailI ko aisI praur3hatA pradAna kI, jisase yaha zailI uttaravartI lekhakoM ke lie bhI Adarza rahI /

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401 haribhadra ke ziSya udyotana sUri ne samarAiccakahA ke sthApatya ke AdhAra para kuvalayamAlA jaisI sarvotkRSTa racanA likhI hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki udyotana sUri kI yaha kRti anupama hai| kalA kI dRSTi se isakI samakakSatA karane vAlI prAkRta meM to koI racanA nahIM hI hai, saMskRta meM kinhIM bAtoM ke AdhAra para kAdambarI ko isakI tulanA meM upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai, para sabhI dRSTiyoM se kAdambarI bhI isake samakakSa nahIM Thahara sakatI hai / ataH yaha mAnane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki jisa prakAra haribhadra ne madhyakAlIna vighaTita samAja ko sugaThita karane ke lie prayAsa kiyA aura dalita-patita samAja ke sadasyoM kA ucca caritrAMkana kara samAja ko svastha vAtAvaraNa pradAna kiyA, usI prakAra sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI haribhadra ne apanI kRtiyoM ke dvArA eka nayA mArga sthApita kiyA hai| haribhadra kI pratibhA bahumukhI hai / darzana, yoga aura adhyAtma cintana ke dvaar| inhoMne kathAkRtiyoM meM sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| isI kAraNa inako samarA iccakahA dharmakathA hone para bhI paMcAmRta bana gayI hai| isakA rasAsvAda adbhuta hai| karma siddhAnta, punarjanma, dravya, guNa tattva, dharmopadeza prabhati ke sAtha kathArasa vartamAna vAtAvaraNa ko adhikAdhika mukharita kara ghaTanAoM ke saMyoga ghaTita kiye gaye hai| kathA kA vikAsa virodha aura dvandvoM ke bIca hotA hai / kutUhala aura jijJAsA sarvatra apanA astitva banAye rakhatI hai| jIvana kI prAntarika bhAvanAoM kA vizleSaNa uttarottara hotA jAtA hai| bhAvAtmaka saMvAdoM ke dvArA kathA kA vistAra bhAra halkA hotA jAtA hai aura Antarika bhAvanAoM kA udghATana yathAsthAna hotA calatA hai / dainika aura pArivArika jIvana kI sahaja aura sAmAnya anabhatiyoM ke mAmika citraNa meM inakI vizeSa paTutA dikhalAyI par3atI hai| yadyapi samarAiccakahA meM itivRtta samagati se Adyanta calatA hai, vizeSa utAra-car3hAva kA avasara bahuta kama sthAnoM para A pAyA hai, to bhI vidagdhatApUrNa sthaloM kI kamI nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| dhartAkhyAna to apane DhaMga kA adbhuta kathAkAvya hai / isa kRti dvArA bhAratIya sAhitya meM eka nayI zailI kI sthApanA huI hai| isameM manoraMjana aura kutUhala ke sAtha jIvana ko svastha banAne vAlI sAmagrI bhI vartamAna hai / haribhadra kI laghu kathAnoM meM dRSTAnta yA upadeza kathAeM AtI hai| isa zreNI kI kathAoM ke sabhI pAtra prAyaH munaSya hI hote haiM aura ghaTanAoM meM kisI upadeza yA siddhAnta kA samarthana rahatA hai| dRSTAnta kathAoM meM kucha sthaloM para manuSya tara pAtra bhI pAte haiN| ina kathAoM meM yoM to sabhI kathA ke tattva hInAdhika rUpa meM pAye jAte haiM, para pradhAnatA do tatvoM kI rahatI hai--ghaTanA aura uddezya / haribhadra kA makhya kauzala yaha hai ki unhoMne ina kathAoM ko isa prakAra upasthita kiyA hai, jisase pAThaka yA zrotAoM ke mana meM kautUhala banA rahatA hai / kautUhala saMvardhanAtha nAyaka aura nAyikA ke jIvana ke marmasthaloM kA citraNa kara pAThaka ke hRdaya meM sahAnubhUti jAgrata kI hai| kisI prAdhyAtmika, saiddhAntika yA naitika vyAkhyA ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie prAyI huI kathA meM koI-na-koI saMvedanA avazya rhegii| haribhadra kI ina dRSTAnta kathAoM meM kathAvastu kA sthAna mukhya hai| kathAvastu kI utpatti anubhUtiyoM aura lakSaNAtmaka pravRttiyoM se huI hai aura anubhUtiyAM ghaTanAoM tathA kAryavyApAroM kI zrRMkhalA se nirmita hai| kathAnakoM ma yatra-tatra manovaijJAnika satyatA aura antardvandva bhI pAye jAte hai| ghaTanA, caritra aura bhAva ye tInoM rUpa kathAvastu ke pAye jAte haiN| ghaTanA pradhAna kathAvastu ma ghaTanA athavA kAya-vyApAra kI zrRMkhalA 26--22 eDu0

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402 hI isake nirmANa meM caritArtha hotI hai| isameM kArya-vyApAroM kI sImA svAbhAvikatA se bahuta Age bar3ha jAtI hai arthAt daivI saMyoga aura atimAnavIya zaktiyAM bhI kAryarata rahatI haiN| buddhi camatkAra pradhAna kathAoM meM ghaTanAoM kI saghanatA ullekhya hai| __ caritra pradhAna kathAoM meM kathAsUtra kisI mukhya pAtra ke caritra kI rekhAnoM meM apanA vikAsa pAte haiN| aise kathAnakoM meM jahAM eka ora saMzliSTAtmaka zabda milate haiM, vahAM dUsarI ora inameM Aroha-avaroha ke krama bahuta kalAtmakatA se spaSTa rahate haiN| cAritrika antardvandva pAtroM ke mAnasika UhA-poha aura vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM vyakta hone vAlI unakI samasta caritragata vizeSatAeM caritArtha karate haiN| bhAvapradhAna kathAvastu ma aura bhAva pradhAna rahate haiN| ina laghu kathAoM meM kathAnaka kI tInoM hI sthitiyAM-- prArambha, madhya aura anta--vidyamAna rahatI hai| haribhadra kI dRSTAnta kathAoM meM pratIkAtmaka kathAeM ucca koTi kI hai| buddhi camatkAra pradhAna kathAoM meM kautUhala kI aneka sthitiyAM vartamAna rahatI hai| kautUhala kI tIsarI yA cauthI sthiti ke bAda kathA kI carama sImA pAtI hai| isa bhAga para Akara kathA kA samasta kautUhala aura kathA kA samasta abhiprAya spaSTa ho jAtA hai / laghu kathAoM meM pAtroM kA jamaghaTa nahIM hai, jisase kathA kA dharAtala sajIva aura svAbhAvika dRSTigocara hotA hai| ina kathAoM meM kathopakathana kI svAbhAvikatA aura prabhaviSNutA bhI pAyI jAtI hai / haribhadra kI ye dRSTAnta kathAeM kathAtattvoM kI dRSTi se bhI saphala haiN| prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke kSetra meM haribhadra ne navIna aura maulika udbhAvanAeM prastuta kI hai| yahAM unakI upalabdhiyoM kA saMkSepa meM Akalana kiyA jAtA hai -- (1) saphala kathA kI racanA kara kathA-vidhA ke eka nUtana prakAra kA sRjana / (2) pracalita loka kathAoM ko apane sAMce meM DhAlakara zreSTha dharmakathA kA praNayana / (3) eka hI dharAtala para deva aura manuSya donoM zreNI ke pAtroM ko prastuta kara kathA meM kathArasa kA prAcurya / (4) prarocana zilpa ke prayoga dvArA gadya ke sAtha padyoM kI bhI bahulatA tathA varNana ko agrasara karane ke lie donoM kA samAna rUpa se prayoga / (5) kathAnaka ke vikAsa meM camatkArika ghaTanAoM aura apratyAzita kArya-cyApAroM kA jamaghaTa / (6) avAntara maulikatA yA madhya maulikatA kA samAveza / haribhadra prAya kathA kA mUla madhya meM rakha dete haiM / (7) galpavRkSa ke mUla se lekara skandha aura zAkhAmoM taka antardvandvoM kA samAveza aura zamana / (5) vyaktivAcaka saMjJAoM ke dvArA viziSTa vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi / (6) pratIkoM kA samucita prayoga aura kathA-saMketoM kA nirdesh|| (10) dvandvAtmaka sthApatya kA prArambha--bhAva, pratibhAva aura samanvaya tathA ina tInoM kI ekAdhika bAra AvRtti / (11) anyApadezika zailI dvArA ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA / (12) svastha vyaMgya zailI kA zrIgaNeza / dhUrtAkhyAna ke praNayana dvArA eka nayI kathA-vidhA kA aavisskaar|

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403 (13) kathAvastu meM rocakatA, saMbhAvyatA aura maulikatA ina tInoM guNoM kA yatheSTa rUpa meM saMyojana | (14) duhare kathAnakoM ke saMyoga dvArA kathA ke mUlabhAva kA samprasAraNa / (15) samavAhI kathAnakoM ke sAtha kramabaddha kathAnakoM kI yojanA / (16) saMvAdoM kI sarasa aura svAbhAvika yojanA dvArA kathAnaka vinyAsa kI paTutA / (17) vArttAlApa dvArA ghaTanAoM kI gatizIlatA / (18) Adarza aura yathArtha kA saMgharSa aura anta meM Adarza kI pratiSThA / ( 19 ) kathA kA Arambha, saMvAda kriyA yA ghaTanA dvArA vikAsonmukha honA / (20) zIla kI mahattA / (21) nimna aura madhyama zreNI ke pAtroM ke zIla kA udAttIkaraNa / (22) AThavIM zatAbdI meM pracalita rIti-rivAja aura sAMskRtika aMgoM kA vizleSaNa | (23) krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke parimArjana dvArA svastha prAdhyAtmika jIvana kI pratiSThA / (24) upadeza yA siddhAnta ke sAtha manoraMjana kA saMyojana / (25) lakSya kI dRSTi se Adyanta ekarUpatA / (26) pUrva dIpti praNAlI dvArA janma-janmAntaroM kI ghaTanAoM ke smaraNa se pAtroM ko AtmakalyANa kI preraNA / (27) hRdaya ko sparza karane kI kSamatA / mAnasika tRpti ke sAtha kathAeM hRdaya para bhI prabhAva DAlane vAlI haiM / ( 28 ) sUkti aura lokoktiyoM ke dvArA bhASA kI sajIvatA / (29) bhASA meM dezI zabdoM kA samucita prayoga / (30) jainadharma ke siddhAntoM ke sAtha zAktamata aura bhUta caitanyavAda ke siddhAntoM kA viniyojana / (31) samAja, darzana aura sAhitya ke aneka rUpoM kI vyAkhyA tathA samAja ko sambandha meM inakI apanI mAnyatAeM / isa prakAra haribhadra ne kathAvastu, kathAnaka yojanA, caritra zravatAraNA, pariveza niyojana, saMvAdoM kI sarasatA aura svAbhAvikatA, jIvana darzana evaM saMskRti vizleSaNa Adi sabhI bRSTiyoM se saphala aura sundara kathAeM likhI haiM / darzana ke samAna inake kathA granthoM meM bhI samAja - zAstra aura manovijJAna ke sundara siddhAntoM kA samAveza huA hai /

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404 Akara granthasUcI prAkRta graMtha- (1) anuyogadvArANAM cUNiH -- haribhadrAcArya kRtA vRttisahitA--pra0 RSabhadeva jI kezarImala jI, zvetAmbara sabhA, ratalAma, san 1928 / (2) aSTapAhuDa - kundakundAcArya, pra0 anantakIrti granthamAlA samiti, bambaI, vI0 saM0 2450 / (3) AcArAMgasUtra - - saM0 muni zramolaka, pra0 sara rAjA jvAlA prasAda, haidarAbAda vI0 saM0 2446 // (4) ArAmasohAkahA -- saMgha tilakAcArya, pra0 zrIsaMgha, sUrata, vi0 saM0 1667 // (5) zrAvazyakacUNiH -- pra0 zvetAmbara sabhA, ratalAma, san 1928 // (6) AvazyakavRtti TippaNa -- haribhadrAcArya, pra0 devacanda lAlabhAI, ahamadAbAda | (7) uttarAdhyayana - - saM0 Ara0DI0ve dakera aura ena0 vI0 vaidya, phargyUsana kAleja, pUnA / (8) uttarAdhyayana sukhabodha TIkA -- saM0 vijayomaMga sUri, pra0 puSpacandra kSemacandra valAda ( ahamadAbAda ), san 1937 / ( 2 ) upade zapada - - mahAgrantha - - haribhadra sUri, pra0 zAha lAlAcanda nandalAla, muktakamala na mohana mAlA, koThIpola, barodA / (10) upadezamAlA - - saM0 hemasAgara sUri, pra0 dhanajI bhAI devacanda javerI 50-54 mIrajhA sTrITa, bambaI 3, san 1958 / ( 11 ) uvAsagadasAno --saM0 ena0 e0 gore, pra0 orienTala buka ejeMsI, zukradAra, pUnA - 2, san 1953 / (12) aMtagaDadasA tathA zraNuttaro vavAiya dasAo--saM0 DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pra0 12 kai noTa roDa, pUnA, san 1932 / (13) kathAkoSa prakaraNa -- jinezvara sUri, saM0 muni jinavijaya, pra0 siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, san 1646 / (14) kalpasUtra - - saM0 zramolaka muni pra0 sara rAjA jvAlAprasAda, haidarAbAda / (15) kahArayaNakosa -- devabhadra, saM0 muni puNyavijaya, pra0 zrAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1944 / (16) kumArapAla pratibodha -- somaprabhAcArya, saM0 muni jinavijaya, pra0 gAyakavAr3a orieNTala sIrija, bar3audA, san 1920 / (17) kummAputtacaritraM -- anantahaMsa, saM0 aura pra0 ke0 bI0 zramyaMkara, gujarAta kAleja, ahamadAbAda, san 1933 / (18) kuvalayamAlA - - udyotana sUri, saM0 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, pra0 siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, vi0 saM0 2015 / (19) caupanna mahApurisa cariyaM -- zIlaMkAcArya, saM0 amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka prAkRta graMthapariSad, vArANasI, san 1961 / (20) caMdappahacariyaM -- jinezvara sUri, pra0 mahAvIra granthamAlA, vi0 sa0 1962 / (21) jaMbucariyaM -- guNapAla, saM0 muni jinavijayaH pra0 siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, vi0 saM0 2015 /

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405 (22) jayantI carita --saM0 zrAcArya vijayakumuda sUri, pra0 maNi vijaya jI granthamAlA, mu0 lIMca (mahesANA ), vi0 saM0 2006 / (23) jinadattAkhyAna dvaya - sumati sUri tathA ajJAtavidvAn, saM0 paM0 zramRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, vI0 saM0 2006 (24) ThANAMga -- saM0 muni amolaka, pra0 jvAlA prasAda sukhadeva sahAya, haidarAbAda, vI0 saM0 2446 / (25) tiloyapaNNatti -- yativRSabha, pra0 jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, solApura | (26) dazavaM kAlika cUrNi :- :--pra0 Agamodaya samiti / (27) dazavaM kAlika sUtra hAribhadravRtti--saM0 aura pra0 manasukhalAla mahAvIra priMTiMga varksa, bambaI / (28) desInAmamAlA -- hemacandra, saM0 pizala, pra0 bhaNDArakara orieNTala iMsTI TyUTa, pUnA / (29) dharmopade zamAlAvivaraNa -- jayasiMha sUri, saM0 muni jinavijaya, pra0 siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, baMbaI, di0 saM 2005 / (30) dhUrtAkhyAna - - haribhadra sUri, saM0 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, pra0 siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI / (31) nandI sUtram -- anu0 hastimalla muni, pra0 rAyabahAdura motIlAla jI mUthA, satArA, san 1642 / (32) nandIsUtra malayagiri TIkA sahita -- pra0 zrAgamodaya samiti, 426, javarI bAjAra, bambaI, san 1924 / ( 33 ) nandIsUtrasya cUrNi :-- hAribhadrIyA vRtti- pra0 zvetAmbara sabhA, ratalAma | ( 34 ) naravikrama carita -- guNacandra sUri, pra0 jhaverI ajitakumAra nandalAla, rAjanagara, vi0 saM0 2008 / (35) nAgapaMcamI kahA -- mahezvara sUri, saM0 DA0 zramRtalAla rUvacaMda gopANI, ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, san 1949 ( 36 ) nAyAdhammakahA--saM0 aura pra0 ena0 vI0 vaidya, phargyUsana kAleja, pUnA-4, san 1640 / (37) nizItha cUrNi -- pra0 zrAgamodaya samiti / (38) paumacariyaM -- vilasUri, pra0 jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1914 / ( 39 ) pAi kahAsaMgaho -- -- padamacandra sUri ke ziSya pra0 vijayadAna sUrIzvarajI granthamAlA, gopIpurA, sUrata, san 1652 / (40) pAina - lacchI nAmamAlA -- dhanapAla, saM0 aura pra0 zAdIlAla jaina, 236, abdula rehamAna sTrITa, bambaI - 3 | (41) prAkRta paiMgalam -- saM0 DA0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa, pra0 pAkRta granthapariSad, vArANasI / (42) paMDizra dhaNavAla kahA -- saMghatilaka sUri, pra0 zrIsaMgha, sUrata, vi0 saM0 1997 / (43) bahatkalpabhASya-- zvetAmbara sabhA, ratalAma / (44) baMbhadatta cariyaM -- saM0 bI0 ema0 zAha, pra0 gujarAta grantha kAryAlaya, gAMdhI roDa, ahamadAbAda, san 1937 / (45) bhagavatI zrArAdhanA -- zivArya, pra0 zrananta kIrti graMthamAlA, bambaI, vi0saM0 1986 /

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406 (46) mahAvIracariyaM -- guNacanda, pra0 devacanda lAlabhAI jaina, pustakoddhAraka saMsthA, verI bAjAra, bambaI, san 1926 / (47) mahAvIracariyaM --- nemicandra sUri saM0 muni caturavijayaH pra0 zrAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1673 / (48) mahivAlakahA -- vIrade va gaNi, saM0 hIrAlAla, pra0 popaTalAla, zihora, saM0 1968 / ( 46 ) mUlAcAra -- vaTTakera, mA0 gra0 bambaI, saM0 1977, 1680 / (50) rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM -- nemicandra sUri saMzo0 zrAcArya vijaya kumuda sUri, pra0 maNi vijaya gaNivara granthamAlA, san 1642 / (51) rayaNaseharanivakahA -- jinaharSa sUri, saM0 haragovindadAsa, pra0 jaina vividhazAstramAlA, banArasa, san 1918 / (52) rAyapaseNiya - - saM0 ena0 bI0 vaMdya, pra0 khAdayAta bukaDipo, gAndhI roDa, ahamadAbAda, san 1938 / (53) lIlAvaI - - kautUhala, saM0 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, pra0 siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI / (54) ghasude vahiNDI - - saMghadAsa gaNi, saM0 muni catuvijaya puNyavijaya, pra0 zrAtmA nandasabhA, bhAvanagara / (55) vasudevahiNDIsAra- saM0 vIracandra prabhudAsa, pra0 hemacandra sabhA, pATana, san 1917 / (56) vipAka zrutam - - saM0 muni jJAnacanda jI mahArAja, pra0 jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA ( paMjAba ) / Agamodaya samiti / ( 57 ) vyavahAra bhASya pra0 (58) zrIkRSNacaritam - devendrasUri pra0 RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara, ratnapura ( mAlavA ) / (56) samarAiccakahA- haribhadra sUri, saM0 DA0 harmana jaMkobI, pra0 baMgAla eziyATika sosAiTI, kalakattA / (60) samarAiccakahA -- saM0 aura pra0 paM0 bhagavAnadAsa, ahamadAbAda, san 1942 // (61) sirapAsanAhacariyaM -- saM0 zrAcArya vijayakumuda sUri, pra0 maNivijaya gaNivara granthamAlA, su0 lIMca (mahesANA ), san 1945 (62) siri vijayacaMda ke valicariyaM -- candraprabha mahattari, pra0 kezavalAla premacanda kesArA, khaMbhAta, vAyA AnaMda, vi0 saM0 2007 / (63) siri sirivAlakahA -- ratnazekhara sUri, pra0 devacandra lAla bhAI, jaina pustakoddhAraka granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, san 1923 // (64) supAsanAhacariyaM-- lakSmaNa gaNi, saM0 haragovindadAsa, pra0 jaina vividhazAstramAlA, vArANasI, vI0 saM0 2445 / (65) surasundarI cariyaM -- dhanezvarasUri, saM0 haragovindadAsa, pra0 jaina vividhazAstramAlA, vArANasI vi0 saM0 1972 / (66) sUtra kRtAMga cUrNiH -- pra0 RSabhadeva kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1941 / (67) sugaDAMga -- saM0 muni zramolaka, pra0 jvAlA prasAda sukhadeva sahAya, haidarAbAda, vI0 saM0 2446 (68) saMkhittataraMgavaI kahA (taraM. la. lA ) -- nemicandra, pra0 jIvana bhAI choTA bhAI jhaverI, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 2000 /

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407 pAligrantha-- (1) itivRttaka--saM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi, pra0 uttamabhikSu, raMgUna / (2) udAnaM-- (3) cariyA piTakaM--saM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi, pra0 uttamabhikSu, raMgUna / (4) jAtaka (prathama bhAga se SaSTha bhAga taka)--saM0 bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, pra0 hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, vi0 saM0 2011 / (5) jAtakaTThakathA (paThamo bhAgo)--saM0 bhikSu dharma rakSita, pra0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii| (6) theragAthA--saM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana prAdi, pra0 uttama bhikSu, raMgUna / (7) therI-gAthA--saM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi, pra0 uttama bhikSu, raMgUna / (8) nidAna-kathA--saM0 pro0 ena0 ke0 bhAgavata, pra0 bambaI yunivarsiTI, san 1953 (8) petavatthu--saM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi, pra0 uttamabhikSu, raMgUna / (10), buddhavaMso--saM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi,pra0 uttamabhikSu, rNguun| (11) vimAnavatthu--saM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi,pra0 uttamabhikSu, raMgUna / (12) suttanipAto--saM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi, pra0 uttamabhikSu, raMgUna / saMskRta grantha-- (1) anekAnta jaya patAkA--haribhadra sUri, pra0 yazovijaya graMthamAlA bhAvanagara vI0 saM0 2436 / / (2) avadAnazatakam--saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pra0 mithilA saMskRta vidyApITha, drbhNgaa| (3) kathAsaritsAgara--somadevabhaTTa pra0 bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA,sa. 1960 1961 / (4) kAdambarI--bANabhaTTa, pra0 caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, banArasa, san 1950-51 / (5) kAlidAsa granthAvalI--saM0 sItArAma caturvedI, pra0 a0 bhA0 vikrama pariSad, kaashii| (6) kAvya prakAza--mammaTAcArya, pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, banArasa, san 1657 / (7) kAvyamImAMsA--rAjazekhara, pra0 bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, san 1954 / (8) kAvyAnuzAsana--prAcArya hemacandra, pra0 mAhavIra jainavidyAlaya, bambaI / (ka) kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRtti--vAmanaH, pra0 AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillii| (6) kuvalayAnanda--appayadIkSita, pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vaaraannsii| (10) tatvArtharAjavAtikam--akalaMkadeva, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vaaraannsii| (11) dazakumAracarita-daNDI, pra0 caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, banArasa / (12) divyAvadAnam--saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pra0 mithilA saMskRta vidyApITha, drbhNgaa| (13) paMcatantra--pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, san 1952 / (14) prabandha koza--rAjazekhara, saM0 muni jinavijaya, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, . bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, san 1635 //

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408 (15) prabhAvaka carita--candraprabha sUri, saM0 jinavijaya pra. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, san 1940 / (16) bRhatkathAkoza--hariSeNAcArya, saM0 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, pra0 siMdhIjana granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, san 1943 / (17) mahAbhArata (hindI anuvAda sahita)--pra0 gItApresa, gorakhapura / (18) mRcchakaTikam--saM0 rAmAnuja aojhA, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, bnaars| (16) ratnAvalI--zrIharSa, pra0 caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, banArasa / (20) rasa gaMgAdhara--paMDitarAja jagannAtha, pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, banArasa / (21) lalitavistara--saM0 DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, mithilA saMskRta vidyApITha, drbhNgaa| (22) vakrokti jIvitam---kuntaka, saM0 DA0 nagendra, pra0 prAtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI / (23) vAsavadattA--subandhu, pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, banArasa / (24) vividhatIrthakalpa--jinaprabha sUri, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI / (25) viSNupurANa ( hindI anuvAda sahita)--anu0 munilAla gupta, pra0 gItA presa, gorkhpur| (26) zrImadbhAgavata--pra0 gItApresa, gorakhapura / (27) sAhitya darpaNa--vizvanAtha, saM0 DA0 satyavrata siMha, pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vaaraannsii| (28) haribhadra sUri caritam--le0 paM0 haragovindadAsa / (26) haribhadrAcAryasya samaya nirNayaH--muni0 jinavijaya : pra0 jaina sAhitya - saMzodhaka, puunaa| (30) harSacarita--bANabhaTTa, saM0 jagannAtha pAThaka, pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vaaraannsii| hindI aura gujarAtI grantha-- (1) apabhraMza sAhitya--haribaMza kochar3a, pra0 bhAratIya sAhitya mandira, dillii| (2) arastU kA kAvya zAstra--anu0 DA0 nagendra, pra0 bhAratI bhaMDAra, lIDara presa, ilAhAbAda / (3) asAmAnya manovijJAna--rAmakumAra rAya, pra0 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vaaraannsii| (4) prAcArya zukla ke samIkSA siddhAnta--rAmalAla siMha, karmabhUmi prakAzana ____ mandira, vaaraannsii| (5) Adhunika hindI kathA sAhitya aura manovijJAna--DA0 devarAja upAdhyAya, pra0 sAhitya bhavana limiTeDa, ilAhAbAda / (6) upanyAsakalA--vinodazaMkara vyAsa, pra0 hindI sAhitya kuTIra, banArasa / (7) upanyAsa ke mUlatattva--jayanArAyaNa, pra0 ajantA presa limiTeDa, paTanA / (8) kathA ke tattva--DA. devarAja upAdhyAya, pra0 granthamAlA kAryAlaya, paTanA-4)

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406 (e) kalA --haMsa kumAra tivArI, mAnasarovara prakAzana, gayA / (10) kahAnI aura kahAnIkAra -- mohana lAla jijJAsu, pra0 zrAtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI / (11) kahAnIkalA -- vinoda zaMkara vyAsa, pra0 hindI sAhitya kuTIra, banArasa / (12) kahAnI kalA -- bhagavAna candra, pra0 sAhitya sevI saMsad, vayanagAmA (bhAgalapura) / (13) kahAnI kA racanA vidhAna -- jaganAtha prasAda zarmA, pra0 hindI pracAraka pustakAlaya, kAzI / (14) kahAnI kA darzana--bhAlacandra gosvAmI, pra0 sAhityaratna bhaMDAra, AgarA / (15) kahAnI ke tattva-- pro0 zivanandana, pra0 mAnasarovara prakAzana, gayA / (16) kAvya ke udAttatatva--DA0 nagendra, rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillI / ( 17 ) jAtaka kAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti -- mohanalAla mahato viyogI, pra0 bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA / (18) jaina sAhitya para vizad prakAza-- jugala kizora mukhtAra, pra0 vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA / ( 11 ) jaMnAcArya zrI AtmAnanda zatAbdI smAraka -- pra0 jainAcArya zrI zrAtmAnanda zatAbdI smAraka samiti, bambaI / (20) taraMgavatI (gujarAtI) -- jarmanI se gujarAtI, anu0 narasiMha bhAI, pra0 navalacaMda kezavalAla, modI hAsa paTanI pola, ahamadAbAda / (21) pAiya bhASAo ne sAhitya (gujarAtI) --pro0 hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA, gopIpurA, sUrata / (22) pANini kAlIna bhArata -- DA0 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, pra0 motIlAla banArasI dAsa, banArasa / (23) prAkRta aura usakA sAhitya -- DA0 haradeva bAharI, pra0 rAjakamala prakAzana, dillI / (24) prAcIna bhAratIya vezabhUSA -- DA0 motIcaMda, pra0 bhAratI bhaNDAra, prayAga / (25) bhagavAna mahAvIranI kathApro (gujarAtI) -- becaradAsa dozI, pra0 gujarAtI vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda / (26) bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra - - pro0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pra0 prasAda pariSad, kAzI / (27) yUropIya upanyAsa sAhitya -- vinoda zaMkara vyAsa, pra0 sAhitya sevaka kAryAlaya, kAzI / ( 28 ) loka sAhitya kI bhUmikA -- DA0 kRSNadeva upAdhyAya, pra0 sAhitya bhavana limiTeDa, ilAhAbAda / (29) vADmaya - vimarza -- vizvanAtha mizra, vANI vitAna prakAzana, brahmanAla, kAzI / (30) vrajaloka sAhitya kA adhyayana - DA0 satyendra, pra0 sAhityaratnabhaMDAra ( zrAgarA ) / (31) samIkSA zAstra - - prAcArya sItArAma caturvedI, pra0 pra0 bhA0 vikrama pariSad, kAzI / (32) sArthavAha --- DA0 motIcaMda, pra0 bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA /

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(33) saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa--e0 bI0 kItha, anu0 DA0 maMgaladeva zAstrI, pra0 motIlAla banArasI dAsa, vaaraannsii|| (34) saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya--rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, pra0 rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillii| (35) saMskRta sAhitya kI rUparekhA--DA. zAMtikumAra nAnUrAma vyAsa, pra0 sAhitya niketana, kaanpur| (36) harSacarita eka sAMskRtika adhyayana--DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, bihAra __ rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA / (37) hindI upanyAsa meM kathA zilpa kA vikAsa--DA0 pratApa nArAyaNa TaMDana, pra. hindI sAhitya bhaMDAra, lkhnuu| (38) hindI upanyAsa aura yathArthavAda-tribhuvana siMha, hindI pracAraka pustakAlaya, bnaars| (36) hindI kahAniyoM kA vivecanAtmaka adhyayana--brahmadatta zarmA, sarasvatI pustaka sadana, aagraa| (40) hindI sAhitya meM vividhavAda--DA0 premanArAyaNa zukla, pra0 padmajA prakAzana, rAmabAga, kaanpur| (41) hindI sAhityakoza --saM0 DA0 dhIrendra varmA, pra. jJAnamaMDala limiTeDa, bnaars| (42) hindU dhArmika kathAoM ke bhautika artha--triveNI prasAda siMha, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, pttnaa| aMgrejI grantha-- (1) A Comparative Study of the Indian Science of Thought from the Jain standpoint-H. Bhattacharya, M.A., B.L., Madras, 1925. (2) A. Harvest of World Folk Tales--Milton Rugoff, Pub. U.S. A. 1949. (3) A History of Indian Literature, Vol. II-Winternitz, Pub. University of Calcutta, 1933. (4) A New English Dictionary of Historical Principles, Vol. VIII--Sir James Murrey, Pub. Oxford University Press. (5) Art of Novels--Henry James. (6) A Student's History of India--Prehistoric Ancient and Hindu India.-R. D. Banerjee, M. A., Pub. Blackie and Son (India) Ltd., 103/5, Fort Street, Bombay, Cal., Madras. (7) A Smaller Classical Dictionary-E. H. Blackeney, M. A., London. (8) Aspects of the Novel (Pocket Ed.)-E. M. Forster, Pub. Edward Arnold and Co., London. (9) A Short History of English Novel-S. Diana Neill.

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411 (10) Buddhism-T. W. Rhys. Davids Pub., London. (11) Buddhist India-A Story of the Nations-T. W. Rhys. Davids, Pub., LONDON, 1911. (12) Craft of Fiction-Percy Lubbock, Pub. Gower Street, London, 1924. (13) Cunningham's Ancient Geography of India-S. N. Majumdar, Pub. Chuckervertty Chatterjee and Co. Ltd., Calcutta. (14) Dictionary of World Literary Terms-T. Schipley, Pub. The Philosophical Library, New York. (15) Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th. Ed.), Cambridge, 1910. (16) Encyclopaedia of Indo-Aryan Research (Vaisanavism, Saivism), Vol. III, Sir R. G. Bhandarkar, Strassburg, 1913. (17) Encyclopaedia of Religion And Ethics-James Hastings, M. A., D. D., Edinburgh. (18) Hardy the Novelist-Cecil David, Pub. Constable and Co. (19) Hindu Mythology-W. J. Wilkins, Calcutta and Simla, 1900. (20) Humour, Wit and Satire of the 17th CenturyJ. Ashton, London, 1883. (21) India in the time of Patanjali-Dr. Baij Nath Puri, Pub. Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay, 1957. (22) Introduction of English Novels-Ketelbi Arnold, Pub. Hutchinson Homes, London. (23) Introduction to the Study of Literature-Hudson. (24) Life and Matter.-Sir Oliver Lodge, London, 1907. (25) Life and Stories of Parcuanatha-Mauric Bloomfield, Pub. The Jogns Hopkins Press, 1919. (26) Modern Fiction-Dr. Herbert, J. Mulier. (27) Motif Index of Folk Literature-Thompson, M/s. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi. (28) Myths of the Hindus and Buddhists-Sister Nivedita and Ananda Coomara Swami London, 1913. (29) Panchatantra.-Hertale, Pub. Harwarld Series, London. (30) Principles of Indian Shilpa Shastra- Prof. P. N. Bose, M. A., Lahore, 1936. (31) Principles of Literary Criticism-Richards, I. A. (32) Short History of English Novels-Neills, S. D. (33) Short History of Indian Literature-Horavitz. (34) Stories of Indian Gods and Heroes-W. D. Monro, M. A., London.

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(35) Tales from the Mahabharata-Dwijendra Chandra Roy, Calcutta. 412 (36) The Growth of Literature, Vol. II-Chanduick. (37) The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India with an Appendix-Nanda Lal Dey, Pri. and Pub. W. Newmann and Co., at the Caxton Steam Printing Works, 1, Mission Row, Calcutta, 1899. (38) The Heroic Age of India M. K. Sidhant, London, 1929. (39) The Novels and Their Authors-Maugham, W. S., Pub. William Heinuvansu. Walter, Pub. Bondon (40) The Novel of Longmans. Today--Allen (41) The Novel and the Modern World-Davis Daiches. (42) The Ocean of Story-N. M. Panzer, M. A., F. R. C. S., F. S., London. (43) The Sacred Books of the East Jaina Sutras (Vol. XLV, Part. II)-F. Max. Muller, Oxford, 1895. (44) The Short Story (its Principles and Structures)-Evelyn May Allbright, M. A. (45) The Standard Dictionary of Folklore (Mythology and Legend). Parts I and II-Maria Leach, Pub. Fund and Wagnalls Co., New York. (46) The Structure of the Novel.-E. Muir,

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saMketa sUcI anekA0 ja0 prapa0 sA0 pra0 gA0 prA0 cU0 prAva0 prApta prA0 dha0 utta0 udyo0 kuva0 upa0 gA0 ka0 grantha le0pra0 kA0 da0 kA0 mI0 na0pra0 kA0pra0 kA0 sU0 kuva0 pR0 anu0 ku0pra0 go050 jaM0 ca0 jina kathA0 jJA0ka0 tattva0 rA0pra0 sU0 vA0 dvi0pra0 daza0 gA0 vaza0 cU0 daza hA0, 30 hA0, daza0 dhUrta0 pra0 pra0 dhva0 ni0 cU0 pa0 pra0pa0 caturvi0pra0 .. bRha0 pra0 bhe0 vR0 ka0 bhA0 pI0 .. anekaantjyptaakaa| .. . apabhraMza sAhitya / .. adhyAya gaathaa| Avazyaka cuunni| prAvazyaka suutr| praaptmiimaaNsaa| Apastamba dharmasUtra / uttarAdhyayana sUtra / udyotana sUri dvArA viracita kuvlymaalaa| upadezapada gaathaa| .. kathAkoza prakaraNa grantha prstaavnaa| kaavyaadrsh| kAvya mImAMsA, navama adhyAya / kAvya prkaash| kAvyAlaMkAra suutrvRtti| kuvalayamAlA pRSTha anuccheda / kuvalayamAlA pRSTha anuccheda / gautama dhrmsuutr| jNbucriyN| jinezvara sUri kA kathAkoza / .. jJAnapaMcamI kathA / .. tattvArtha rAjavAttika adhyAya, suutrvaasik| .. dvitIya adhyaay| .. dazava kAlika gaathaa| dazava kaalikcuurnni| dazava kAlika kI haaribhdrvRtti| . dhUrtAkhyAna prathama pAkhyAna / dhvnyaalok| ... nizItha cuurnni| .. pumcriyN| .. prabhAvaka caritra caturvizati prkrnn| ... bRhajjAtaka grahabhedAdhyAya / .. bRhatkalpa bhASya piitthikaa| : : :: ::

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414 bau0 dha0 baudhAyana dhrmsuutr| bha0 nA0 bharata muni kA nATyazAstra / bhAva prA0 gA0 bhAvaprAbhRta gaathaa| mahA0pra0pa0 mahApurANa prathama prv| . ma0 ca0 mahAvIracariyaM / . yAko0 sa0 yAkobI dvArA sampAdita samarAi ckhaa| rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM / / lIlA0 gA0, lI0 gA0, lIlA0 ka0.. lIlAvatIkathA gaathaa|. va0 jI0 vakrokti jiivitm| ., va0 hi0, vasu0 .. vsudevhinnddii| vipAka0 vipAka sUtra / vIra0 vi0 ma0 ka0 .. vIradeva gaNi viracita mhivaalkhaa| vyava0 bhA0 vyavahAra bhaassy| sama0pra0 bha0 samarAiccakahA prathama bhv| sama0 pR0, sa0 pR0, sa0 ka0 samarAiccakahA pRSTha / sa0 ka0 dvi0 bha0 .. samarAiccakahA, dvitIya bhava / sarvA0 pR0 .. sarvArthasiddhi pRSTha adhyAya / sA0 da0 sAhitya darpaNa / siri0vi0 siri vijayacaMda ke valI cariyaM / su0 TI0 gA0 sukhabodha TIkA gAthA / supA0 puvva0 bha0 supAsanAhacariyaM puurvbhv| su0 gA0 suragurupAratantrya stava gaathaa| sUtra0 cU0 sUtrakRtAMga cUNi / saM030 .. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa / saM0 ta0 prastA0 saMkSipta taraMgavatI prstaavnaa| saM0 sa0 saMkSipta taraMgavatI kathA / harSa0 sAM0 harSacarita kA sAMskRtika adhyyn| hi0 sA0 prA0 .. .. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla / hema0 kAvya0 pra0 .. .. hemacandra kA kAvyAnuzAsana adhyAya /

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415 :: :: :: :: :: :: pAribhASika zabdoM ke aMgrejI paryAya / atiprAkRtikatA Supernaturality. pratimAnavIya zakti .. Superhuman Power. * prativAdI pahalU Extremist Aspect. adbhuta tattva Element of Wonder. anukaraNa Imitation. antardvandva Conflict. anyApadezika Allegorical. anyokti-kathA Parable. anviti Unity. aprAkRtikatA Unnaturality. abhivyaMjanA Expression. amAnavIya tatva Inhuman Element. arthakathA Wealth Story--Allegorical Story. arthabhita pratIka Meaningful Symbol. artha garbhava Depth of Meaning-Profundity. arddha aitihAsika Pseudo-Historical. avAntara kathA Divergent Story--Sub-plot or Secondary plot. avAntara maulikatA Originality in Divergence Substantiality. Antarika vizleSaNa Content Analysis. prAcAra-vyavahAra Folkways. prAtmagata cintana Subjective Thinking. mAnupAtika Proportional. AkhyAyikA zailI Narrative Style. itivRttAtmaka Descriptive. udAttIkaraNa Sublimation. upacAravakratA Oblique Suggestion. upasaMhAra Exode. upasthApana Presentation; Establishment. ekarasatA Monotony. ekarUpatA Uniformity; Consistency. aitiha ya prAbhAsa parikalpana Historical Illusion. :: :: : : :: :: :: :: :: :

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Propriety. Responsibility of Story-value. Environment of the Story. Conception of the Story. Plot. aucitya kathAtmaka dAyitva kathAtmaka pariveza kathA dhAraNa kathAnaka kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM kathAnaka srota kathA-mAMsalatA kathAvastu kathottha praroha zilpa : : :: :: :: :: kathotpatti karuNa-vyApAra kAma kathA kAla mizraNa kriyA kutUhala tattva gatyAtmakatA galpakathA ghaTanA carita mahApuruSa caritra jaTila kathAnaka jAgatika sambandha tathyoM ko pratIti dRSTisaMvedanA divyamAnuSI kathA dharma kathA nATakIya pAtra nAda tatva nijadharI kathA niyati kA vyaMgya nIti kathA pada-racanA parapIr3ana (strI) :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: : : : : : : Motifs. Source of the Plot. Bulk of the Story. Theme. Involved Sequentiality--Art of the Narrative Substance. Origin of the Story. Tragic Action; Pathetic. Sex-story.. Intermixture of time. Action. Element of Suspense. Dynamism. Fable. Event. Character-Hero. Character. Complex Plot. Wordly Relations. Sense of Facts. Visual-Sensation. Super Human Story. Religious Story. Dramatic Personnel.. Onomatopoeia. Legend. Irony of Fate. Moral Story. Diction. Nymphomania.

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417 paramparA-akSuNNatA paryAyavakratA prakaraNa prakriyA pratipAdya viSaya pratIkAtmaka kathAeM pratIkAtmakatA prabandha prabhAvAnviti parI-kathA prasAda guNa prastutIkaraNa praznottarI zailI prAJjala prAkhyAna prema-kathA preSaNIyatA pArA-manovaijJAnikatA pIThikA punarnimANa kI zakti paurANika upAkhyAna bIja dharmAkathA bhogAyatana sthApatya maMDana zilpa Tradition-continuum. Innuendo. Chapter. Process. Subject-matter. Symbolical Stories. Symbolization. Thesis. Unity of Impression. Fairy-tale. Perpetuity. Presentation. Question-answer Style. Smooth Fiction. Love-story. Communicability. Para-psychology. Background. Reproductive Imagination. Legend. Plasmic Theme. Organic Architectoric. Evocative Technique; Decorative Art. Mid-substantiality or Interim Substantiality. Psychological State of Mind. Human Story. Mixed Story. Parallel Unity of Instincts. Realistic Egoism. Realistic Character. Structural Beauty. Aesthetic Pleasure. Palatial Structure. madhya maulikatA manodazA mAnuSa kathA mizra kathA mUlavRttiyoM kA nirantara sAhacarya yathArthavAdI ahaMvAda .. yathArthavAdI caritra yojanA sauSThava rasAnubhUti rAjaprAsAda sthApatya ..

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rUparekhA kI muktatA romAnI kathA rUpaka laghu kathA loka-kathA varNana-kSamatA varNana-saundarya vyaMgya vyaMgya-rUpa vyaMgyopahAsa vyApakatA aura vibhinnatA vyavahAra-kalA vRtti vikSepiNI-kathA vidhA virecana siddhAnta vivRti vizleSaNAtmaka vaiyaktikatA zIla sthApatya saMketAtmakatA saMghAta saMdarbha saMyoga tattva saMvedana-kendra saMvedanA saghanatA samAkhyAna sama gati samAjazAstrIya sApekSavAda / sahajAnubhUti sahAnubhUti sthApatya saundarya svataMtra kriyamANa svapna-vizleSaNa Clarity of Outline Freedom. Romantic Story. Metaphor. Short Story. Folk Tale. Descriptive Power. Vividness; Descriptive Beauty. Satire. Satiric Form. Ironical Humour. Range and Variety. Art of Delivery; Art of Oration. Complication. Fault Finding Tale. System. Catharsis. Illustration Unfolding. Analytical. Individuality. Characterization. Suggestivity. Assimilation. Context. Element of Chance. Sensorium. Sensation. Intensity. Narration. Equal pace. Relativism. Intuition. Sympathy. Structural Beauty. Independent Activity. ___Dream-Analysis. : : :

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416 .. sthiti-viparyaya sApekSa-guNa sAmaMjasya sArvabhaumikatA sAhasika kathA sa jana-prakriyA hatvAbhAsa Reversal of situation. Relative quality. Harmony. Universality. Adventure Story. Creative Process. Fallacy. bi0sa0 mu0 (ejukezana) 22--1,000--mono--3-4-1965---ki.na.pra.si tathA any|

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vyaktivAcaka zabdAnukramaNikA / antaHkRddazAMga 12, 15 anekAnta jayapatAkA 42, 47, 55 anekAnta jayapatAkA ko TIkA 46 abhyaMkara 43, 44 apabhraMza sAhitya 74 abhayadeva sUri 51 ambajAtaka 204 amarakoSa 117 arastU 228 pAkhyAnamaNikoza 84, 87 prAcArAGgasUtra 6 pArTa praoNpha da naoNvela 67 praoNna da liTarecara aoNpha da zvetAmbarAs oNpha gujarAta 366 prAnandavarddhana 122, 308 prArAmasohA kahA 102, 141 prArogyadvija kathA 102 prAvazyaka cUNi 22 prAvazyaka niyukti 21 AspekTa oNpha naoNvela 210 a mAnanda prakAA 46 i0 ema0 phorTara 205 iMDiyana liTarecara 68 iMDiyA eNDa cAinA 347 uttarAvyayana prAkhyAna 14 uttarAdhyayana niryakti gAthA 347 udyotana sUri 33, 42, 84, 106 upadeza gAthA 203 upadezapada 102 upadezapada kI prazasti 47, 48 upade zamAlA 102 upadezaratnAkara 102

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upanyAsa kalA 206 upamitibhavaprapaMca 44 uvAsagadasAo 10, 165 e0 bI0 vaidya ena0 vI0 vaidha 196 e0 ena0 upAdhye 5, 11, 116, 171, 202 ena0 ke0 bhAgavata 198 e hisTrI praoNpha iMDiyana liTarecara 366 Rgveda 1 kathAkoSa prakaraNa 70, 71 kalpasUtra 14, 26 kalpAvataMsaka 14 kalpikA 14 kahArayaNa kosa 81, 82 kAvyAdarza 136 kAvyaprakAza 122 kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRti 122 kAlikAcArya kathAnaka 102 kotha 30, 102 kundakunda 16 kumArapAla pratibodha 102 kuvalayamAlA 33, 42, 61, 65, 106, 122 kautUhalakavi 57, 58, 115 gaNadharasArddhazataka bRhaTTIkA 48 gaNadharasArdha zataka 46 guNacandra 76, 62 guNADhya 103 gaTammasAra jIvakANDa 330 gore 165 gosvAmI tulasIdAsa 228 cauppanna-mahApurisa-cariyaM 65 candralekhA kathA 102 cintAmaNi 167 cambarsa enasAiklopeDiyA 338

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candra bha mahatara 70 jagadIza pAMDeya 228 jagannAtha prasAda 1 jambacariyaM 124 jayakotti 102 jayanta bhaTTa 45 jayasiMha 102 jAtaka, caturtha khaMDa 168, 166 jAtaka, bhAga 6 347 jAtaTakathA nanda jAtaka 168 jinacandra 73 jinadatta 48 jinadattAkhyAna 86 jinadAsargAga 33 jinabhaTa 46 jinasena 105 jinezvara 61, 68, 66 jinaharSasUri 66 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa 30 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza 46, 47 jainAcArya kI prAtmananda zatAbdI smAraka 30 jJAtRdharma kathAMga 15 TI0 pizale 261 ThAkura 45 DikzanarI praoNpha varlDa liTarecara Tarsa 261, 338 taraMgavatI 27 tilakamaMjarI 34 tiloyapaNNati 17, 43 trilokasAra 348 da jainAs ina da hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana liTarecara 2 daNDI 122, 308 daza dRSTAMta gItA 108 dazavakAlika niyukti TIkA 47 dazavakAlika 106, 106

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dazava kAlika TIkA 56, 57, 155 dazavaM kAlika cUrNi tu0 21, 22 da zArTa sTorI 121 digvijaya prakAza 350 divAkara kathA 102 devacandra sUri 102 devabhadra 81 dRSTipravAda aMga 16 dravadaMta rAjarSi kathA 102 dhvanyAloka 122 dhanapAla 34 dhanezvara sUri 61, 66 dharmadAsa gaNi 37, 102 dharmopadeza mAlA 102 dhUrttAkhyAna 42, 56, 170,171,202,216 nyAyamaMjarI 45 nyAyamaMjarI sTaDIja 46 nyAyAvatAra kI prastAvanA 46 6 nyu iMgaliza DikzanarI zraoNpha hisTorikala priMsapulsa 338 nandIsUtramAlA 203 narmadAsundarI kathA 102 naravikrama carita 62 narasundara kathA 102 nagendra 228 nAgadattaka kathA 102 nAgapaMcamI kahA 74 nAyAdhammakA 5, 7, 18, 16, 102, 103 nidAna kathA 168 nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA 68, 70 nizItha cUrNi 23, 34 nemicandra sUri 61, 84,87,126 neminAtha carita 46 paumacariya 27 paNigaNa 1

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pabhrazekhara kathA 102 padalipta sUri 33 pAsanAha cariyaM 81, 82 pAiakahA saMgaho 100 pAialacchInAmamAlA 34 pI0 ela0 vaidya 46 pururavA-urvazI 1 puSpacUla kathA 102 puSpacUlA 14 paMDiadhanavAlakahA 102 paMliMgI prakaraNa 70 paMcasUtra TIkA 47 paMcAsaga 51 prabaMdhakoza 34, 48 prabhAlakSma 70 prabhAvaka carita 34, 48 prAcIna bhAratIya veza-bhUSA 323 buddhisAgara 70 bihAra risarca sosAiTI jarnala 46 vRhatkathA 103 bRhatkoza 106 bRhatkalpa bhASya 23 bhagavatI sUtra 7 bhata hari 43 bhadrezvarakahAvalI 48, 51 bhAvapAhuDa 16 bhAvaprAbhatam 17 bhImakumAra kathA 102 bhuvana suMdarI 102 mammaTa 122, 308 majhima nikAya 6 malayasuMdarI kathA 102 maladhArI hemacandra sUri 102 mallavAdI 46

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mahAbhArata 1 mahAvIra carita 76, 81, 124, 126 mahivAlakahA 18 mahIpAla kathA 123 mahendrakumAra jI 43 mahendrasUri 102 mahezvarasUri 61, 74 milTana rugaphpha e hAravesTa praoNpha barlDa phaoNkalora 246 municandra 47 muni jinavijaya 46 muni jinavijaya 43 munisundara sUri 102 mUlAcAra 17 mUlArAdhanA 17 metArya muni kathA 102 motIcandra 347 yativRSabha 43 yAkobI 46, 51 rayaNacUDarAya cariya 84, 86, 124 rayaNasehara nivakahA 66, 125, 136 rAjazekhara sUri 48, 51 rAmacandra zukla 167, 228 ramezacandra majumadAra 347 rohagupta kathA 102 lakSmaNa gaNi 34, 61 lIlAvaI kahA 57, 115 lIlAvatI 102 vyavahAra bhASya 23 vakrokti jIvita 137 vajakarNa nRpa kathA 102 vanasena sUri 64 vaTTakara 17 varddhamAnadezanA 102 vasudeva hiNDI 27, 28, 37, 103, 133, 398

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vAmana 122 vAlTara raile 122 vikkamaseNacariya 100 vijayasiMhasUri 102 viNTaranitsa 2, 68 vipAkasUtram 366 vive kamaMjarI 102 vizvanAtha . 308 vivizikA prastAvanA 43 vizikA 51 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 33, 34 vIradeva gaNi 68 vRSNidazA 14 zipale 338 zIla-nirUpaNa siddhAMta aura viniyoga 228 zIla upadezamAlA 102 zivArya 17 zubhavardhana gaNi 102 zaMkarAcArya 44, 45 SaTsthAnaka prakaraNa 70 Sar3a darzana samuccayaM 45 sTainDarDa DikzanarI oNpha phAkalo 246 sthAnAMga 7 satyendra 245 samarAiccakahA 42, 18, 49, 51, 65, 108, 115, 147 samavAyAMga 7 saramA 1 sArthavAha 347 sAhaDa 102 sAhityadarpaNa 123, 308 sirivAlakahA 64 siSi 44 siddhi vanizcaya TIkA 43 siddhivinizcaya TIkA-prastAvanA

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siyanoM phaizroilo 121 sirivijayacandra 76 sukhabodhikA TIkA 24, 84 supAsanAha cariya 34 sumatigaNi 48 sumati sUri 8 surasuMdarI cariyaM 66 suvarNadvIpa 347 sUtrakRtAMga cUNi 23 somaprabhu sUri 102 vimala 102 saMgrAmara kathA 102 saMghatilaka sUri 102 saMghadAsa gaNi 37 saMyukta nikAya 6 saMvega raMgazAlA 73 saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 103 hajArIprasAda dvivedI 123, 260 haramana yAkobI 34 a hala haribhadra sUri 56, 102, 106, 108, 213 harivaMsacariya 27, 30, 123 hindI sAhitya kA zrAdi kAla 260 hindI sAhitya koSa 205 hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa 103 haM0 tivArI 121

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