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અધ્યાત્મતત્ત્વ Samsary Jivas, because they are revolving in this cycle of births and deaths and are not free from it. The last stage is the Siddha Stage. Generally speaking preparatory to this stage are three preceding stages and Jivas in them are respectively called the Achāryathe head of the saints, he has among others thirty-six qualities ( 2 ) Upādhyāya—a teaching saint he has twenty-five qualities. (3) Sādhu-a saint or an ascetic simply, he has twenty-eight qualities. The five together are called Panch Parameshthis and every Jain has to render daily obcisance to them by bowing down before them with folded hands.
The following are the distinguishing characteristics of Jiya;
चैतन्यस्वरूपः परिणामी कर्ता साक्षाद्भोक्ता देहपरिमाणः प्रतिक्षेत्रं भिन्नः पौनलिकादृष्टवान् ।
The first characteristic is consciousness. It includes the power of perception and knowledge which is termed Upayoga also. The characteristic of the soul being consciousness distinguishes the Jain view from the Chāryakas and the attribution of the power of perception and knowledge (Upayoga ) differentiates it from the Naiyāyika doctrine. The second distinguishing mark is its liability to metempsychosis ( Parinama ). The Third mark is its being the doer of all actions ( Kartā ). The fourth is its being the enjoyer of the fruits of actions. These three marks distinguish the Jain tenet from the Sānkhya. The next mark is its being coextensive with body. This marks of the
