Jain Darshan me Nischay aur Vyavahar Nay Ek Anushilan

Author(s): Ratanchand Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002124/1

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i jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNe Na taccaM / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijja tyaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekke NA chijjai titthaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNiccha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA saMkhyA-98 jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra nya eka anuzIlana DaoN0 ratanacandra jaina i jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNe Na taccaM / / jar3a jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijja tatthaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekke taNA chijjai titthaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNiccha| yaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha | vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / ja jaNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNe Na taccaM / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijja natyaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM ||ji jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekke pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5 i jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNe Na taccaM / / jai jiNaMmayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijja natyaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekke neNA chijjai tithaM aNNeNa uNa tacca / / jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNica

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jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya parasparasApekSa haiM / nizcayanaya se AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA kA jJAna hotA hai, vyavahAranaya se saMsArAvasthA kA / nizcayamokSamArga mokSa kA sAdhaka hai, vyavahAramokSamArga nizcayamokSamArga kA / vyavahAramokSamArga azubharAgarUpI roga kI oSadhi hai, nizcayamokSamArga zubharAgarUpI roga kI / nimnabhUmikA meM nizcayamokSamArga kA avalambana sambhava nahIM hai, uccabhUmikA meM vyavahAramokSamArga kA avalambana anAvazyaka hai| samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga se mukhyataH puNyabandha hotA hai aura paramparayA mokSa / samyaktvarahita zubhopayoga se mAtra puNyabandha hotA hai / nizcayanaya ko chor3a dene se AtmAdi padArthoM ke maulika svarUpa kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA, vyavahAranaya ko chor3a dene se mokSamArga meM pravRtti sambhava nahIM hai / isalie donoM nayoM kA parasparasApekSabhAva se anusaraNa karane para hI mokSa kA prayatna saphala hotA hai / Jah Education Internati 10 .

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA : 97 jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya eka anuzIlana lekhaka DaoN. ratanacandra jaina bhUtapUrva rIDara saMskRta evaM prAkRta barakataullA vizvavidyAlaya : bhopAla vidyApITha pArzvanAtha vArANasI payesu malAI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 1997

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- prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI. TI. AI. mArga, karauMdI, vArANasI - 5 dUrabhASa : 316521, 318046 prathama saMskaraNa : 1997 sarvAdhikAra : DaoN. ratanacandra jaina mUlya : ru. 200 ( ajilda ), ru. 250 ( sajilda ) akSara-sajjA nayA saMsAra presa bI. 2/143 e, bhadainI, vArANasI - 1 mudraka varddhamAna mudraNAlaya bhelUpura, vArANasI - 10 ISBN: 81-86715-25-8 Published by Parsvanatha Vidyapitha 1. T. I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi - 5 Phone : 316521, 318046 First Edition : 1997 (c) : Dr. Ratan Chandra Jain Price : Rs. 200.00 (P.B.), Rs. 250.00 (H. B. ) Type-setting at Naya Sansar Press B. 2/143 A, Bhadaini, Varanasi - 1 Printed at Vardhaman Mudranalaya Bhelupura, Varanasi - 10

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samarpaNa pUjya pitA sva. paNDita bAlacandra jI jaina pratiSThAcArya evaM pUjanIyA mAtA sva. zrImatI amolaprabhA jI jaina ko jinake diye saMskAroM evaM zikSAoM ne mere yAtrApatha ko Alokita kiyA / -ratanacandra

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prakAzakIya AtmAdi padArtha anekAntAtmaka haiM, arthAt parasparaviruddha aneka dharmayugaloM se yukta haiN| ye dharma parasparaviruddha hote hue bhI vastuvyavasthA ke sAdhaka haiN| vastu kI zAzvatatA aura usakI avasthAoM meM parivartana tathA vibhinna laukika aura AdhyAtmika prayojanoM kI siddhi ina paraspara viruddha dharmoM para hI Azrita hai| sarvajJa ne eka hI vastu meM inake avirodhapUrvaka rahane kI yuktimattA nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke dvArA pratipAdita kI hai| samyagdarzana ke lie AtmAdi padArthoM ke parasparaviruddha dharmoM tathA eka hI sthAna meM unake avirodhapUrvaka rahane kI tarkasaMgatatA kA avabodha Avazyaka hai| yaha nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke svarUpa evaM unake pArasparika bheda ko samyagrUpeNa hRdayaMgama karane se hI sambhava hai| nayoM ke ajJAna yA adhakacare jJAna se bar3A anartha hotA hai| logoM ko jo vasturUpa virodhI pratIta hotA hai use ve asatya mAna lete haiM, athavA nizcayanaya dvArA kahe gaye vastusvarUpa ko vyavahAranaya dvArA kahA gayA mAna lete haiM aura vyavahAranaya dvArA nirUpita svarUpa ko nizcayanaya dvArA prarUpita samajha lete haiM, athavA nizcayanaya ke kathana ko sarvathA satya aura vyavahAranaya ke kathana ko sarvathA asatya rUpa meM grahaNa kara lete haiN| aisA bhI hotA hai ki kucha vidvAn kisI viziSTa prayojana se arthAt apanI kisI kalpita mAnyatA ko Agamasammata siddha karane ke lie nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI jAnabUjhakara galata vyAkhyA karate haiM aura usa galata vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para sarvajJa ke kathana ko apanI mAnyatAnusAra tor3amaror3a kara prarUpita karate haiN| nayajJAnavihIna zrotA unake prarUpaNa kI samIcInatA kA svayaM nirNaya karane meM asamartha hote haiM, ata: jaisA ve vidvAna prarUpita karate haiM vaisA hI mAna lete haiN| isase eka durnivAra gRhItamithyAtva kI paramparA cala par3atI hai, jo logoM ko mokSamArga para le jAne kI bajAya ghora saMsAramArga para le jAtI hai| anAdikAla se aisA hotA A rahA hai, kintu vartamAnakAla meM isakA kucha ugrarUpa hI dikhAyI detA hai| Aja jainavidvajjagat meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra ko lekara paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAe~ cala rahI haiM aura apanI vicAradhArA ke samarthana tathA virodhI vicAradhArA ke khaNDana meM pracura sAhitya racA gayA hai aura racA jA rahA hai| lagabhaga eka zabda-yuddha sA jArI hai, jisane abodha jijJAsuoM ko yA to digbhramita kara diyA hai yA kiGkarttavyavimUr3hatA

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[ chaH ] kI dazA meM lAkara paTaka diyA hai| isa viSama sthiti meM eka aise zodhapUrNa grantha kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI jA rahI thI, jisameM nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke Agamasammata svarUpa ko yuktipramANapUrvaka vizleSita kiyA jAya aura Agama meM AtmAdi padArthoM ke zuddhaazuddha, sAdhya-sAdhaka, nimitta-upAdAna Adi jisa rUpa kI jisa naya se yathArthatA pratipAdita kI gaI hai, usa naya se usakI yathArthatA ko tarka aura pramANa dvArA sthApita kiyA jAya tathA kucha viSayoM kI katipaya vidvAnoM ne jo bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM, unakA sayuktika nirAkaraNa kiyA jaay| saubhAgya se AdaraNIya DaoN. ratanacandra jI jaina ne pIeca. DI. upAdhi ke nimitta se aisA zodhapUrNa grantha likhakara isa mahatI AvazyakatA ko pUrNa kiyA hai| hama isa grantha ko prakAzita kara harSa aura gaurava kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| hama DaoN. ratanacandra jI ke atyanta AbhArI haiM jinhoMne dIrgha parizrama se likhA gayA yaha mahattvapUrNa grantha hameM prakAzanArtha pradAna kiyaa| hama AbhArI haiM DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina ke, jinake prayAsa se hI ukta grantha hameM prakAzanArtha prApta ho skaa| grantha ke prakAzanasambandhI sampUrNa dAyitva kA nirvahana vidyApITha ke pravaktA DaoN. zrIprakAza jI pANDeya ne kuzalatA se kiyA hai, etadartha hama DaoN. pANDeya ke prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| grantha kI sundara akSara-sajjA ke lie nayA saMsAra presa, bhadainI, vArANasI evaM surucipUrNa mudraNa ke lie varddhamAna mudraNAlaya, vArANasI bhI nizcaya hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| bhUpendra nAtha jaina mAnada saciva pArzvanAtha vidyApITha

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apanI bAta prastuta grantha mere dvArA pIeca.DI. upAdhi ke lie likhe gaye zodhaprabandha kA pariSkRta aura parivardhita rUpa hai| lagabhaga satraha varSa pUrva yaha likhA gayA thaa| taba se nirantara svAdhyAya evaM munijanoM aura vidvajjanoM se kiye gaye vicAra-vimarza ke phalasvarUpa ise kATatA-chA~TatA, ghaTAtA-bar3hAtA, mA~jatA aura sa~vAratA rahA hU~, aura aba kahIM ise prakAzana ke yogya pA rahA huuN| naya zrutajJAnAtmaka upayoga kA eka bheda hai| upayoga kA artha hai : vastusvarUpa ko jAnane meM pravRtta jnyaanshkti| jaba zrutajJAnAtmaka upayoga vastu ko paraspara viruddha pakSoM meM se kisI eka pakSa ke dvArA jAnane meM pravRtta hotA hai taba use naya kahate haiM aura jaba donoM pakSoM ke dvArA jAnane kA prayatna karatA hai athavA dharma-dharmI kA bheda kiye binA vastu ko akhaNDarUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai taba zrutajJAnAtmaka pramANa athavA syAdvAda kahalAtA hai, jaisA ki bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne laghIyatraya meM kahA upayogau zrutasya dvau syAdvAdanayasaMjJitau / syAdvAdaH sakalAdezo nayo vikalasaGkathA / / 32 / / upayogarUpa hone ke kAraNa naya ko dRSTi yA netra kI upamA dI gayI hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya bhI zrutajJAnopayoga ke bheda haiN| inake dvArA vastu ke parasparaviruddha dharmoM kA tathA ve vastu ke maulika dharma haiM yA aupAdhika, vastu kI sattA ke bhItara haiM yA bAhara, vastu ke niyatasvalakSaNa haiM athavA Aropita, ityAdi vizeSatAoM kA bodha hotA hai| vartamAna meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya svAdhyAyiyoM ke bIca bahucarcita viSaya haiN| bahucarcita isalie bana gaye haiM ki Adhunika vidvAnoM ne katipaya sandarbho meM ina nayoM kI parasparaviparIta vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM aura una vyAkhyAoM ke AdhAra para vastusvarUpa kA bhI anekatra parasparaviparIta pratipAdana kiyA hai jisase do pratikUla vicAradhArAe~ cala par3I haiM aura inakA itanA adhika pracAra huA hai ki digambarajaina matAvalambI bhItara hI bhItara do vargoM meM ba~Ta gaye haiN| ina parasparavirodhI vicAradhArAoM se AviSTa hone ke kAraNa zAstrasabhAoM meM prAya: apane mata kA poSaNa aura pratipakSI mata ke khaNDana kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| isIlie svAdhyAyiyoM ke bIca ye naya carcA ke Ama viSaya hote haiN|

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[ ATha ] 'jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA', 'jainatattvamImAMsA', 'jainatattvamImAMsA kI mImAMsA' Adi granthoM kA avalokana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM tathA unake dvArA pratipAdita vastusvarUpa ke viSaya meM mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke bIca kitanI vipratipattiyA~ haiN| ina vipratipattiyoM para yahA~ kiMcit prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai - 1. vidvAnoM kA eka varga mAnatA hai ki asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya mAtra upacArakathana hai, vaha vastudharma kA pratipAdana nahIM karatA, jaba ki dUsare varga ke anusAra vaha vastudharma kA hI pratipAdaka hai| 2. eka varga asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko ajJAniyoM ke anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra kI saMjJA detA hai, dUsarA use zrutajJAna kA vikalpa batalAtA hai| 3. eka varga nimitta ko ayathArtha evaM akiJcitkara ghoSita karatA hai, dUsarA varga use yathArtha evaM kAryotpatti kA anivArya hetu mAnatA hai| 4. vidvAnoM ke eka varga kI dRSTi meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya parasparasApekSa haiM, dUsare varga kI dRSTi meM prsprnirpekss| 5. eka vidvatsamUha nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM sAdhya-sAdhaka bhAva svIkAra karatA hai, dUsarA usakA niSedha karatA hai| 6. eka pakSa kI mAnyatA hai ki zubhopayoga mAtra puNyabandha kA kAraNa hai, dUsarA pakSa mAnatA hai ki samyaktvapUrvaka hone para vaha ( zubhopayoga ) paramparayA mokSa kA bhI kAraNa hotA hai| 7. vidvAnoM kA eka varga vyavahAramokSamArga ko sarvathA heya ghoSita karatA hai, dUsarA use kathaMcit upAdeya batAlatA hai| 8. eka varga ke matAnusAra mokSamArga anekAntAtmaka nahIM hai, dUsare ke mata meM mokSamArga bhI anekAntAtmaka hai| 9. eka varga rAgAdibhAvoM ko svAzrita nirUpita karatA hai, dUsarA praashrit| 10. vidvAnoM kA eka pakSa kahatA hai ki kevalI bhagavAn kA sarvajJa honA vyavahAranaya se satya siddha hotA hai| dUsarA pakSa kahatA hai ki vaha nizcayanaya se satya 11. eka pakSa kI dRSTi meM upAdAna se utpanna hone vAle sabhI kArya upAdAnaprerita hote haiM, nimittaprerita koI nahIM hotaa| dUsarA pakSa azuddhopAdAnajanita kAryoM ko nimittaprerita mAnatA hai| 12. eka vidvatsamudAya AtmA kI samasta paryAyoM ko niyata batalAtA hai, yahA~ taka ki puruSArtha ko bhI, kintu dUsare kA mata hai ki paryAyoM kA nirdhAraNa AtmA apane puruSArtha se svayaM karatA hai aura puruSArtha niyata nahIM hotaa|

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[ nau ] vidvAnoM kI ina parasparavirodhI vyAkhyAoM kA sAmAnya zrAvakoM para kyA prabhAva par3a sakatA hai, isakI kalpanA saralatA se kI jA sakatI hai| AtmakalyANa kI dizA ke viSaya meM jaba zAstravid hI bhramita hoM, taba janasAdhAraNa kA digbhramita honA svAbhAvika hI hai| AgamavidoM dvArA siddhAnta ke bhrAntipUrNa evaM ekAntAtmaka pratipAdana se sAmAnya zrAvaka bhI bhrAntigrasta evaM ekAntavAdI hokara ahita ke mArga para agrasara ho rahe haiN| vidvAnoM ke kAraNa zrAvakoM meM bhI do varga bana gaye haiM aura unameM eka-dUsare ke prati virodha aura kaTutA kI bhAvanA ghara kara gayI hai| vicAradhArA ko lekara ve eka-dUsare para AkSepa karate haiN| apane ko samyagdRSTi aura dUsare ko mithyAdRSTi ghoSita karate haiN| ve itane digbhrAmita ho gaye haiM ki eka ora vyavahAraikAnta kA avalambana kara kucha loga bAhya karmakANDa ko hI jIvana meM pradhAnatA de rahe haiM, to dUsarI ora zrAvakoM kA eka varga nizcayaikAnta se grasta hokara zubhopayoga ko heya aura puNya ko viSThA mAnakara korI tattvacarcA ko hI mokSa ke lie upAdeya mAna rahA hai| nizcayAbhAsa meM pha~sakara yaha varga Aja ke kisI bhI muni ko saccA muni nahIM mAnatA aura unakI avajJA karane ko dharma sA mAna baiThA hai, yadyapi aise muniyoM kI kamI nahIM hai, jo nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA parasparasApekSatApUrvaka anusaraNa karate hue samIcIna mArga para cala rahe haiN| Aja ke kucha vidvAnoM dvArA utpanna kiyA gayA yaha visaMvAda atyanta zocanIya hai| jina tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne vizva ke vibhinna matoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane ke lie anekAnta aura syAdvAda kA upadeza diyA thA, unhIM ke anuyAyiyoM meM siddhAntoM ko lekara matabheda aura vaicArika hiMsA utpanna ho jAya, yaha viDambanA hI hai| isa aniSTa ne mere hRdaya ko bahuta Andolita kiyaa| phalasvarUpa mere mana meM vicAra utpanna huA ki vidvajjanoM ke ina parasparavirodhI matoM kI Agama ke Aloka meM chAnabIna kI jAya, inheM yukti aura pramANa kI kasauTI para kasakara parakhA jAya aura nizcaya tathA vyavahAra nayoM ke Agamasammata abhiprAya ko sAmane lAne kA prayatna kiyA jAya, jisase zrAvaka ina nayoM ke vAstavika abhiprAya ko samajhakara inake dvArA pratipAdita vastusvarUpa ko samIcInatayA grahaNa kara sakeM aura pArasparika virodha samApta kara anekAntAtmaka vicAramArga evaM anekAnsAtmaka mokSamArga ke avalambana meM samartha hoN| isa vicAra se maiMne pIeca. DI. upAdhi ke lie nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke anuzIlana ko hI zodhakArya kA viSaya sunizcita kiyaa| isa anusandhAna-yajJa meM mujhe aneka prAjJoM ne apane prajJAmantroM se abhimantrita kiyA hai, una sabakA AbhAra mujha para hai| zAsakIya hamIdiyA mahAvidyAlaya, bhopAla ke saMskRtavibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. rAmakRSNa jI sarApha ne zodha-prabandha lekhana meM mujhe kuzala

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[ dasa ] nirdezana pradAnakara kRtArtha kiyA hai| isa hetu maiM unakA hRdaya se AbhAra svIkAra karatA jainadarzana ke labdhapratiSTha vidvAn DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina ne, jo usa samaya bhopAla ke hamIdiyA mahAvidyAlaya meM darzana-vibhAga ke adhyakSa the, zodhakArya sampanna karane meM merI bahuta sahAyatA kI hai| unhIM ke sahayoga se maiMne zodhakArya kI rUparekhA taiyAra kI aura zodhakArya pUrNa hone taka unase bahumUlya mArgadarzana prApta karatA rhaa| pazcAt DaoNkTara sAhaba vArANasI ke pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna meM cale gye| vahA~ pahu~cakara unhoMne mere zodha-prabandha ko prakAzita karane kA prastAva kiyA aura aneka bAra zodha-prabandha bhejane kA Agraha kiyA, kintu maiM use prakAzana ke yogya nahIM pAtA thaa| use saMzodhita, parimArjita aura parivardhita karake usa stara para le jAnA cAhatA thA ki prakAzita hokara jaba vidvAnoM ke hAtha meM pahu~ce to maiM unake upahAsa kA pAtra na bnuuN| aneka vyastatAoM aura vighnoM ke bIca meM A jAne ke kAraNa yaha kArya aba sampanna ho sakA hai| itane lambe antarAla ke bAda bhI yaha mAnanIya DaoN. sAgaramala jI ke dvArA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI se prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| isa sneha aura anugraha ke lie maiM unakA atyanta AbhArI huuN| samaya-samaya para pUjya guruvara DaoN. ( paNDita ) pannAlAla jI sAhityAcArya se bhI maiMne vivAdagrasta viSayoM para Agama ke yathArtha mantavya ko samajhane kI ceSTA kI hai aura unakI vidvattApUrNa vivecanA se maiM yathArtha nirNaya para pahu~cane meM samartha huA huuN| paNDita jI ne snehapUrvaka isa grantha kI prastAvanA likhakara bhI mujhe anugRhIta kiyA hai| ata: maiM unake caraNoM meM natamastaka hotA huA apanI hRdayastha kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| sva. pUjya paNDita vaMzIdhara jI vyAkaraNAcArya kA bhI AzIrvAda mujhe prApta huA hai| unake dvArA pradatta svalikhita grantha mujhe nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke svarUpa tathA vastuvyavasthA ko samajhane meM bahuta sahAyaka hue haiN| unake sAtha huI pratyakSa carcA se bhI maiM lAbhAnvita huA huuN| AdaraNIya DaoN. darabArIlAla jI koThiyA ke protsAhana aura mArgadarzana ne bhI merA patha prazasta kiyA hai| maiM ina donoM mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| merA parama saubhAgya hai ki yaha zodha-prabandha san 1980 meM sAgara ( ma. pra. ) meM SaTkhaNDAgamavAcanA ke samaya paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ne lagAtAra dasa dina taka, eka-eka ghaNTe kA samaya dekara dhyAna se sunA thA aura sunakara prasanna hue the| kaI jagaha unhoMne saMzodhana aura kucha naye tathyoM ke saMyojana kA bhI parAmarza diyA thA, jinheM kriyAnvita karane se zodha-prabandha ke aneka doSa

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[ gyAraha ] aura kamiyA~ dUra ho gyiiN| isa upakAra ke lie maiM guruvara ke caraNoM meM apanI paramabhakti evaM kRtajJatA nivedita karatA huuN| isa prasaMga meM maiM apane pUjya pitA sva. paNDita bAlacandra jI pratiSThAcArya tathA pUjanIyA mAtA sva. zrImatI amolaprabhA jI jaina ke prati apanI anirvacanIya zraddhA evaM kRtajJatA jJApita kiye binA nahIM raha sakatA, kyoMki inhoMne mujhe jina saMskAroM meM DhAlA hai tathA jisa zikSA-dIkSA se sa~vArA hai unhIM se maiM isa viSaya para lekhanI calAne yogya bana pAyA huuN| merI pUjanIyA bar3I bahanoM zrImatI zAnti jaina evaM sva. zrImatI kaMcana jaina, pUjya bar3e bhAI paM. komalacandra jI evaM priya anujadvaya zrI zIlacandra tathA zrI zikharacandra ne bhI mere vidyApatha ko prazasta karane meM yathAzakti parizrama kiyA hai| ata: inake prati bhI maiM yathAyogya Adara aura AzIrvAda kI abhivyakti karatA huuN| merI saralahRdayA, sahanazIlA, dharmAnurAgiNI patnI zrImatI camelIdevI jaina kA isa grantha ke lekhana meM mahAn yogadAna rahA hai| aneka varSoM taka maiM adhyayana aura lekhana meM vyasta rhaa| usa samaya unhoMne gRhasthAzrama ke mere uttaradAyitvoM ko bhI apane Upara lekara ghara-gRhasthI kI cintAoM se mujhe pUrNata: mukta rakhA aura mere lie adhikAdhika samaya evaM anukUla paristhitiyA~ upalabdha kraayiiN| etadartha maiM unakA RNI hU~, unake lie hRdaya meM aneka maMgalakAmanAe~ samAhita haiN| mere donoM patroM ciraMjIva animeSa aura anupama ne pANDulipi taiyAra karane aura madralekhana karAne meM bahuta sahAyatA kI hai| ina donoM ko maiM zubhAzIrvAda detA huuN| anta meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pravaktA evaM prakAzanAdhikArI DaoN. zrIprakAza jI pANDeya ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~, jinake sArthaka prayAsa se grantha kA prakAzana zIghra sambhava huA hai| grantha-prakAzana hetu pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI kA RNI to hU~ hii| alpajJoM kI kRti meM truTiyA~ honA svAbhAvika hai| vijJoM se merA vinamra nivedana hai ki grantha meM jo bhI doSa unakI dRSTi ke viSaya baneM unheM merI dRSTi meM lAne kI kRpA avazya kareM, jisase maiM agale saMskaraNa meM unakA nirAkaraNa kara skuuN| ratanacandra jaina dinAMka 31-10-1997 137, ArAdhanAnagara, koTarA - sultAnAbAda bhopAla - 462 003

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prastAvanA DaoN. ratanacandra jI zrIgaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara meM mere ziSya rahe haiN| inake pitA mAnanIya paNDita bAlacandra jI jainasiddhAnta ke jAnemAne vidvAn evaM pratiSThAcArya the| ratanacandra jI ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kA gahana adhyayana, manana aura cintana kiyA hai / san 1980 meM akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvatpariSad kI ora se 'mokSamArga meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI upayogitA' viSaya para eka mahAnibandha pratiyogitA Ayojita kI gaI thii| DaoN. ratanacandra jI ne lagabhaga do sau pRSThoM kA nibandha likhA thA / jainavidvajjagat ke mUrdhanya vidvAn paM0 vaMzIdhara jI vyAkaraNAcArya, DaoN. darabArIlAla jI koThiyA aura paM0 nAthUlAla jI zAstrI nirNAyaka the / pratiyogitA meM DaoN. ratanacandra jI kA nibandha sarvotkRSTa ghoSita kiyA gayA thA aura ve vidvatpariSad dvArA puraskRta kiye gaye the| prastuta grantha 'jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana' unake dvArA pIeca. DI. upAdhi ke lie likhe gaye zodha-prabandha kA parivardhita aura parimArjita rUpa hai| san 1980 meM sAgara ( ma. pra. ) meM SaTkhaNDAgama - vAcanA ke samaya lekhaka ne apanA zodha-prabandha paramapUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ko par3hakara sunAyA thaa| ve sunakara santuSTa hue the| unhoMne kucha saMzodhanoM aura navIna tathyoM ke samAveza kA bhI sujhAva diyA thA, jinakA samAveza karane para prabandha kA apekSita pariSkAra ho gyaa| pariSkRta aura parivardhita hokara vaha jisa rUpa meM AyA hai usase vaha nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke vividha AyAmoM kI AgamAnukUla vivecanA karanevAlA utkRSTa grantha bana gayA hai| grantha kA pratipAdya viSaya bAraha adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM - nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi, nizcayanaya, asadbhUtavyavahAranaya, upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya, sadbhUtavyavahAranaya, vyavahAranaya ke bheda, nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA, nizcaya-vyavahAra- mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya - sAdhaka bhAva, sAdhya-sAdhaka bhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~, mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA, upAdAna-nimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~, tathA nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyvhaaraabhaas| isa prakAra grantha kA viSaya vaividhyapUrNa aura navIna hai tathA prastutIkaraNa vizleSaNAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka hai| prastutIkaraNa meM aneka navInatAe~ dikhAI detI haiM / yathA, nizcaya aura

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[ caudaha ] vyavahAra nayoM ke lakSaNa nayI zabdAvalI meM nibaddha kiye gaye haiN| inakI paribhASAoM meM lekhaka ne una parasparaviruddha vastudharmoM yA pakSoM kA zabdata: nirdeza kiyA hai, jinakA avalambana kara vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karane se nirNAyaka ( jJAtA yA pramAtA) kI dRSTi nizcaya athavA vyavahAra saMjJA pAtI hai| isase yaha nirNaya karanA atyanta sarala ho jAtA hai ki jJAtA kI koI dRSTi nizcayanaya aura koI dRSTi vyavahAranaya zabda se kyoM abhihita kI jAtI hai| isI prakAra jisa-jisa dharma kA avalambana kara nizcayadRSTi ( nizcayanaya ) pravRtta hotI hai, usa-usa dharma ke AdhAra para nizcayadRSTi ke nAmakaraNa kiye gaye haiM, yathA -- mUlapadArthAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi, mUlasvabhAvAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ityaadi| isI taraha apane viSaya-vizeSa kA avalambana karake pravRtta honevAlI vyavahAradRSTi ko sopadhika-padArthAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi, bAhyasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi Adi nAma diye gaye haiN| isase yaha tatkAla spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nizcayadRSTi yA vyavahAradRSTi se vastu kA jisa rUpa meM nirNaya kiyA gayA hai vaha usake kisa pakSa ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai ? asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko mAtra upacAra arthAt anyatra prasiddha dharma kA anyatra samAropaNa ( anya vastu ko anya vastu ke nAma se abhihita karanA ) na samajha liyA jAya, isa sambhAvanA ke nirAkaraNa hetu lekhaka ne isa naya ke tIna bheda kiye haiM - upAdhimUlaka, bAhyasambandhamUlaka evaM upacAramUlaka, aura yaha siddha kiyA hai ki inameM se kevala upacAramUlaka asadbhutavyavahAranaya meM hI anyatra prasiddha dharma (yA zabda ) kA anyatra samAropaNa hotA hai, zeSa do meM nhiiN| tathA vyAkaraNazAstra evaM lokavyavahAra ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki upacAra arthAt prastuta vastu ke lie aprastuta vastu ke vAcaka zabda kA prayoga, prastuta vastu ke hI dharmavizeSa ko lakSaNA-vyaMjanA nAmaka zabdazaktiyoM ke dvArA pratipAdita karane ke liye kiyA jAtA hai| ata: upacAra ke dvArA kiyA gayA kathana kevale mukhyArtha kI apekSA asatya hotA hai, lakSyArtha aura vyaMgyArtha kI apekSA nhiiN| ina arthoM kI apekSA vaha satya hI hotA isI prasaMga meM lekhaka ne isa tathya kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai ki nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya zrutajJAna-pramANa ke avayava haiM, isalie ve pramANaikadeza haiN| ata: vyavahAranaya kI apekSA kiyA gayA kathana utanA hI satya hotA hai, jitanA nizcayanaya kI apekSA kiyA gayA kthn| yata: upacAra bhI vyavahAranaya kA eka bheda hai aura lakSaNA-vyaMjanA ke dvArA vaha vastudharma kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai, ata: vaha bhI zrutajJAna kA avayava hone se pramANaikadeza hai|

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[ pandraha ] yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki yadi nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM se vastugata satya kA hI bodha hotA hai to unameM bheda kisa bAta kA hai ? donoM ke alaga-alaga nAma kyoM haiM? ye bhinna nAma kisa bhinnatA kI ora saMketa karate haiM? isake samAdhAna hetu lekhaka ne vastugata satya ke do bhedoM kI ora dhyAna khIMcA hai| ve do bheda haiM -- pAramArthika satya aura vyAvahArika sty| isake lie lekhaka ne yaha pramANa diyA hai ki AcAryoM ne bhinna-bhinna vastudharmoM ke sAtha pAramArthika aura vyAvahArika vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, yathA - "paramArthasatyaM bhagavantaM samayasAraM ....' ( samayasAra/AtmakhyAti 413 ), "vyAvahArika navatattvebhyaH" ( smysaar| AtmakhyAti 38 ) / isalie satya ke ye do rUpa prAmANika haiN| inameM nizcayanaya pAramArthika satya kA avalambana kara vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karatA hai aura vyavahAranaya vyAvahArika satya kaa| yahI donoM meM bheda hai| prastutIkaraNa kI eka navInatA yaha hai ki lekhaka ne azuddhanizcayAdi nayoM ko nizcayanaya ke bhedoM meM nahIM rakhA hai, apitu jayasenAdi AcAryoM ke vacanAnusAra unheM asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke hI kucha bhedoM kA nAmAntara mAnate hue vyavahAranaya ke bhedoM meM hI parigaNita kiyA hai| isase nizcayanaya ke viSaya meM vyavahAranaya ke aupAdhikabhAvarUpa viSaya kA mizraNa na ho pAne se donoM ke lakSaNoM kI vibhAjaka rekhA sarala aura spaSTa ho jAtI hai| grantha meM kucha ullekhanIya vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| pahalI yaha ki vibhinna nizcayadRSTiyoM aura vyavahAradRSTiyoM se dekhane para AtmAdi padArtha jisa-jisa rUpa meM dikhAI dete haiM, unakA samayasArAdi granthoM se uddharaNa dekara nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isase nayoM kA svarUpa evaM AtmAdi padArthoM kA anekAntarUpa bhalI-bhA~ti hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai| dasarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM isa prazna kA samAdhAna atyanta yuktipUrvaka kiyA gayA hai ki vastusvarUpa kI pratipatti aura mokSaprApti meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI kyA upayogitA hai ? una para Azrita upadeza kA grahaNa aura anusaraNa kyoM Avazyaka hai? lekhaka ne una aneka prayojanoM kA anusandhAna kiyA hai jo nizcayanayAtmaka aura vyavahAranayAtmaka upadezoM se siddha hote haiN| lekhaka ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki donoM naya vastusvarUpaviSayaka ajJAna kA nivAraNa karate haiN| nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se AtmA aura zarIrAdi ke ekatva kA ajJAna miTatA hai tathA upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza se jIva aura zarIra tathA jIva aura rAgAdi ke sarvathA bhinna hone kI mithyA dhAraNA naSTa hotI hai| nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza samyaktvapUrvaka evaM samyaktvaparaka zubhopayoga ke vAstavika mokSamArga hone kA bhrama

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[ solaha ] dUra karatA hai aura upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza uparyukta zubhopayoga ke sarvathA mokSamArga na hone kI bhrAnti miTAtA hai| nizcayanaya dravyadRSTi se jIva ke zuddhacaitanyasvarUpa hone ke satya kA bodha karAtA hai| vyavahAranaya paryAyadRSTi se jIva ke karmabaddha aura moharAgAdi se malina hone ke satya kI pratIti karAtA hai| nizcayanaya dravyadRSTi se AtmA ke pApa-puNya, bandha-mokSa ke akartA hone kI vAstavikatA kA anubhava karAtA hai, vyavahAranaya paryAyadRSTi se inakA kathaMcit karttA hone kA satya dRSTi meM lAtA hai| isake atirikta asadbhUtavyavahAranaya hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahma, parigraha Adi pApoM tathA inake parityAgarUpa vratAdi ke astitva kA upapAdana karatA hai, jo nizcayanaya dvArA sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se jIva ko apane zuddhasvarUpa aura mokSa ke vAstavika mArga kA jJAna hotA hai tathA vyavahAranayAzrita upadeza se apanI saMsArAvasthA tathA nizcayamokSamArga ke nikaTa pahu~cAnevAle vyavahAramokSamArga kA jJAna hotA hai| ina jJAnoM ko upalabdha kara jIva nizcayamokSamArga taka pahu~cane ke lie vyavahAramokSamArga para calatA hai aura nizcayamokSamArga para pahu~cakara usa para calate hue mokSa prApta kara letA hai| isa taraha se nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya vastusvarUpa kI pratipatti aura mokSa kI prApti karAne meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| cU~ki jIva ko vastusvarUpa kI pratipatti aura mokSaprApti karAne meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya paraspara sahayogI haiM, ata: ve paraspara sApekSa haiN| yaha spaSTIkaraNa bhI grantha meM kiyA gayA hai| tIsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM jo sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva hai, usakA pratipAdana lekhaka ne manovaijJAnika AdhAra para kiyA hai| samyaktvaparaka zubhopayoga aura samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga ke vrata, saMyama, tapa, aparigraha, bhakti, svAdhyAya Adi aneka aMga haiN| ye aMga mokSopayogI vizuddhatA ke vikAsa meM manovaijJAnika bhUmikA sampAdita karate haiN| inase mana aura indriyoM kA paradravyoM ke cintana aura vyasana ( adhInatA ) se chuTakArA pAne kA abhyAsa hotA hai| unake ve saMskAra kSINa ho jAte haiM jinase paradravyecchArUpa tIvra saMkleza-pariNAma utpanna hotA hai, phalasvarUpa vizaddhatA bar3hatI hai| bar3hate-bar3hate vizuddhatA usa stara para pahu~ca jAtI hai, jahA~ jIva ke lie nizcayamokSamArga kA avalambana sambhava ho jAtA hai| manovaijJAnika AdhAra para hI lekhaka ne mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA kA vivecana kiyA hai| nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva hai, isalie ve parasparasApekSa haiN| ata: mokSamArga anekAntAtmaka hai| vyavahAramokSamArga

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[ satraha ] nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka kyoM hai ? yaha prazna jIvoM kI kSamatA ke kramika vikAsa kI ora saMketa karatA hai| jaise bAlaka kI buddhi aura zArIrika bala kA vikAsa kramaza: hotA hai, vaise hI jIvoM kA paradravya kI adhInatA se mukta hone kA sAmarthya bhI dhIre-dhIre vikasita hotA hai| jaise manuSya eka-eka sIr3hI car3hakara hI UparI maMjila para pahu~catA hai, vaise hI sAdhaka thor3A-thor3A tyAga karate hue hI sampUrNa tyAga meM saphala ho pAtA hai| ata: jaise alpatyAga pUrNatyAga kA sAdhaka hai, vaise hI vyavahAramokSamArga nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka hai| nimna bhUmikA meM vyavahAramokSamArga kAryakArI hotA hai aura ucca bhUmikA meM nishcymokssmaarg| koI eka hI mArga sabhI avasthAoM meM kAryakArI nahIM hotaa| yahI manovaijJAnika satya mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA kA rahasya hai| grantha kI eka ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM una bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAoM aura mithyAdhAraNAoM ko dRSTi meM lAyA gayA hai jo nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM tathA tatsambaddha viSayoM ke bAre meM kucha Adhunika vidvAnoM dvArA pracalita kI gayI haiM, tathA Agama ke prakAza meM unakI parIkSA aura nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yathA, ukta vidvAnoM ne asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko vastudharma kA pratipAdaka na mAnakara, mAtra anya vastu ke dharma kA anya vastu para Aropa karanevAlA batalAyA hai, jisakA khaNDanakara lekhaka ne use lakSaNA-vyaMjanA dvArA vastudharma kA hI pratipAdaka siddha kiyA hai| kathita vidvAnoM ne ukta naya ko ajJAniyoM kA anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra kahA hai, lekhaka ne ise galata batalAte hue use zrutajJAniyoM aura kevalajJAniyoM kA vyavahAra nirUpita kiyA hai| ukta vidvAnoM ne nizcayanaya aura upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya meM parasparasApekSatA kA niSedha kiyA hai, lekhaka ne ise bhrAntipUrNa batalAte hue parasparasApekSatA siddha kI hai| nirdiSTa vidvAnoM ne nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM kAryakAraNAtmaka ( nizcayamokSamArga ke avalambana kI sAmarthya kA janaka ) sAdhyasAdhakabhAva na mAnakara sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI galata vyAkhyA karate hue nizcayamokSamArga kA sahacara, abAdhaka yA anumApaka hone ke kAraNa vyavahAramokSamArga ko usakA sAdhaka kahA jAnA batalAyA hai| lekhaka ne ina vyAkhyAoM kI bhrAntipUrNatA spaSTa karate hue unameM kAryakAraNAtmaka sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| pUrvokta vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki koI bhI vastu kisI anya vastu ke kArya kA vAstava meM nimitta nahIM hotI, apitu use upacAra se nimitta kahA jAtA hai| lekhaka ne isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana isa tarka dvArA kiyA hai ki kisI vastu ke vAstava meM nimitta hue binA kisI anya vastu ko upacAra se nimitta nahIM kahA jA sktaa| nimitta ke viSaya meM ukta vidvAnoM ne dUsarI bhrAntipUrNa dhAraNA yaha pracalita

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[ aThAraha ] kI hai ki pratyeka vastu apanA kArya svayaM karatI hai, kintu sahacara hone mAtra se dUsarI vastu ko usakA nimitta kahA jAtA hai| isa dhAraNA kA khaNDana karate hue lekhaka ne Agama-pramANa se siddha kiyA hai ki sahacara hone ke kAraNa nahIM, balki kAryotpatti ke sAtha usakA anvaya-vyatireka hone ke kAraNa vaha nimitta kahalAtI hai| nimitta ko akiMcitkara siddha karane ke lie kathita vidvAnoM ne yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki karma bhI dharmAdi dravyoM ke samAna udAsIna nimitta haiM, preraka nhiiN| lekhaka ne isa pratipAdana ko isa tarka dvArA bhrAntipUrNa ThaharAyA hai ki jo karma AtmA ke svabhAva kA ghAta kareM unheM dharmAdi dravyoM ke samAna udAsIna kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? ve preraka hI nahIM, apitu AkrAmaka aura ghAtaka bhI haiN| ina bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAoM aura mithyAdhAraNAoM kA nirAkaraNa atyanta Avazyaka thaa| isase loga mithyA mAnyatAoM meM pha~sane se baca sakeMge aura jo pha~sa cuke haiM, unheM unase mukta hone kI preraNA milegii| lekhaka ne antima adhyAya meM logoM ke nizcayAbhAsI (nizcayaikAntavAdI ) aura vyavahArAbhAsI ( vyavahAraikAntavAdI ) bana jAne ke kAraNoM kI gaveSaNA kI hai| ye kAraNa vaktA aura zrotA donoM se sambandhita haiN| inameM se aneka aise haiM jina para bahutoM kA dhyAna nahIM gayA hai| AzA hai ina para dhyAna jAne se vaktA aura zrotA inake nirAkaraNa kA prayAsa kreNge| prastuta grantha lekhaka ke dIrghakAlIna gahana adhyavasAya kA supariNAma hai| grantha pUrNata: AgamAnukUla aura jJAnavardhaka hai| yaha jainasAhitya ke lie amUlya yogadAna siddha hogA, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| lekhaka ne bhASA ko adhika se adhika sarala banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, tAki grantha kA viSaya sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie bodhagamya ho ske| maiM prophesara ratanacandra jI ke prayAsa kI sarAhanA karatA hU~ aura kAmanA karatA hU~ ki ve nirantara adhyayana-lekhana meM saMlagna rahate hue aise aneka upahAra jainasAhitya ko pradAna kreN| merA maMgala AzIrvAda unake sAtha hai| jabalapura 22 janavarI, 1997 DaoN. ( paNDita ) pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya nidezaka zrI varNI digambara jaina gurukula pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA jabalapura (ma. pra. )

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anukramaNI pRSThAMka pA~ca sAta prakAzakIya apanI bAta prastAvanA : DaoN0 (paM0 ) pannAlAla jI jaina sAhityAcArya saGketa-sUcI teraha chabbIsa adhyAya prathama : nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi vastu kI anekarUpAtmakatA naya : eka netra nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : pramANaikadeza satya ke do rUpa upadeza ke lie nizcaya-vyavahAra nayoM kA Azraya dezanA ke samyak grahaNa hetu nayabheda kA jJAna Avazyaka dvitIya : nizcayanaya nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke lakSaNa, viSaya, paribhASAe~ pratiniyatalakSaNa se padArthoM kI pahacAna mUlapadArthAvalambinI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA nirNaya mUlasvabhAvAvalambinI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA nirNaya maulikabhedAvalambinI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA nirNaya zarIra aura AtmA meM ekatva kA niSedha AtmA aura karma meM baddhatva kA niSedha para ke sAtha svasvAmisambandha kA niSedha parabhAva se kartAkarmasambandha kA niSedha paradravya se bhoktAbhogyasambandha kA niSedha para se grahaNa-tyAga sambandha kA niSedha paradravya se nimittanaimittikasambandha kA niSedha para ke sAtha jJeya-jJAyakasambandha kA niSedha para se zraddheya-zraddhAnakArakasambandha kA niSedha

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adhyAya para se sAdhyasAdhakasambandha kA niSedha para ke sAtha AdhArAdheyasambandha kA niSedha maulika - abhedAvalambinI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA nirNaya dharma-dharmI meM bhinnatva kA niSedha niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI dRSTi se vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya caitanyabhAva kI jIva saMjJA zuddhopayoga kI mokSamArga saMjJA svAtmazraddhAnAdi kI samyagdarzanAdi saMjJAe~ rAgadveSamoha kI Asrava - bandha saMjJAe~ rAgadveSamohAbhAva kI saMvara saMjJA zuddhopayoga kI nirjarA saMjJA kSAyikasamyagdarzanAdi kI mokSa saMjJA rAgAdi ke abhAva kI ahiMsAdi saMjJAe~ zubhAzubhapariNAmanivRtti kI vrata saMjJA zuddhAtmasvarUpa meM avasthAna kI samiti Adi saMjJAe~ zuddhAtmapariNati Adi kI niHzaGkA Adi saMjJAe~ hasane Adi kI hAsyAdi saMjJAe~ [ bIsa ] AtmAzritabhAvAvalambinI dRSTi se mokSamArga kA nirNaya nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza ke prayojana mithyA dhAraNAoM kA vinAza samyak dhAraNAoM kI utpatti svapada kA nizcaya manaHsthiti meM parivartana tRtIya : asadbhUtavyavahAranaya vyavahAranaya kA lakSaNa, asadbhUta evaM sadbhUta ke viSaya asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke bheda upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya bAhyasambandhamUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya jIva aura pudgala ke saMzleSasambandha kA nizcaya jIva aura zarIra ke kathaMcit abheda kA nizcaya paradravya ke sAtha nimittanaimittika sambandha kA nizcaya paradravya ke sAtha saMyogasambandha kA nizcaya pRSThAMka 36 38 39 40 42 43 44 46 47 48 48 49 49 53 54 56 58 59 61 61 65 66 67 68 69 1m m 5 2 9 69 73 73 75 77 80

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adhyAya paradravya ke sAtha jJeyajJAyakasambandha kA nizcaya paradravya ke sAtha sAdhyasAdhakasambandha kA nizcaya paradravya ke sAtha AdhArAdheyasambandha kA nizcaya asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza ke prayojana saMsAraparyAya kA upapAdana hiMsA ke sadbhAva kA upapAdana steyAdi ke sadbhAva kA upapAdana bandhamokSa kI prakriyA kA upapAdana mokSa kI AvazyakatA kA upapAdana mokSamArga kI sAdhyatA kA upapAdana sarvajJatva kA upapAdana dharmAdi dravyoM ke lakSaNa kA upapAdana abhUtArthatA kA abhiprAya [ ikkIsa ] caturtha : upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya upacAra kA artha upacAra : eka lokavyavahAra nimitta aura prayojana para Azrita vyAkaraNa aura kAvyazAstra meM upacAra upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza ke prayojana ananubhUta atIndriya tattva kA dyotana abhedavizeSa kA dyotana laukikasambandha kA dyotana bandha - mokSa meM jIvasvAtantrya kA dyotana viSayabhoktRtva kA upapAdana saMyoga-viyoga-prayojakatva kA dyotana sAdharmyavizeSa kA dyotana aparamArtha hote hue bhI paramArthapratipAdaka vastudharma kA pratipAdaka upacAra aura ajJAniyoM ke vyavahAra meM antara heya hone kA abhiprAya paJcama : sadbhUtavyavahAranaya lakSaNa pRSThAMka 81 81 82 83 83 83 85 85 85 86 w w 3 86 86 87 88 88 89 90 92 92 93 93 94 95 97 99 102 102 104 108 111

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[ bAIsa ] adhyAya pRSThAMka 111 112 114 117 118 119 120 123 124 127 127 127 127 128 128 saMjJAdigatabheda : atadbhAva svasvAmitvAdibheda kA hetu kartAkarmatvAdibheda kA hetu abheda meM bhI svasvAmitvAdi-vyapadeza kI upapatti anekatva kA hetu savizeSatva kA hetu vastu-avabodhanArtha SaSThI Adi vyapadeza abheda kI apekSA guNaguNyAdilakSaNa kI upapatti sadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza ke prayojana SaSTha : vyavahAranaya ke bheda asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke bheda upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke bheda dravyaparyAyAvalambI bhAvaparyAyAvalambI bhAvaparyAyAvalambI ke bheda azuddhanizcayanaya ekadezazuddhanizcayanaya zuddhanizcayanaya azuddhanizcayanayAtmaka nirUpaNa ekadezazuddhanizcayanayAtmaka nirUpaNa zuddhanizcayanayAtmaka nirUpaNa upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke bheda anupacarita upacarita sadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke bheda upacarita anupacarita saptama : nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA paraspara pUraka paraspara avinAbhAvI nirapekSA nayA mithyAH parasparasApekSa naya hI ajJAnanivAraka 128 128 m 132 133 m m 134 135 135 m 137 137 138 140

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adhyAya [ teIsa ] nizcayanaya ke dvArA zarIrAdi meM AtmAdibuddhi kA vinAza vyavahAranaya ke dvArA sarvathA zuddhatva kI mithyAbuddhi kA vinAza sAdhyasAdhakarUpa se bhI parasparasApekSa sApekSatAvirodhI mata kA nirAkaraNa aSTama : nizcaya vyavahAramokSamArgoM meM sAdhyasAdhaka bhAva sAdhyasAdhakabhAva ke zAstrIya pramANa vyavahAramokSamArga kI vaijJAnika bhUmi prAthamika bhUmikA meM kevala pApa se nivRtti sambhava puNyanivRttiyogya avasthA kI prApti ekadezanivRtti vizuddhapariNAmapUrvaka lakSya kI bhinnatA se zubhopayoga ke phala meM bhinnatA mokSonmukha zubhopayoga se mithyAtva kA upazama samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga se apratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi kA kSayopazama upAdAna nahIM, nimittamAtra prAptabhUmikA ko nirdoSa rakhane meM sahAyaka vizuddhatA ke vikAsa meM zubhopayoga kI manovaijJAnikatA nimitta - parivartana se karmodaya meM parivartana saMyama, tapa, aparigraha kI manovaijJAnikatA bhakti kI manovaijJAnikatA svAdhyAya kI manovaijJAnikatA kSamA-samatA - ahiMsAdi kI manovaijJAnikatA navama : sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAoM kA nirAkaraNa vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kI sAmarthya kA janaka roga kI alpatA se roganivRtti sukara grahaNa aura tyAga donoM Avazyaka vyavahAradharma AMzika zuddhi kA hetu samyagdRSTi ke zubhopayoga meM dharma kA aMza mAtra puNyabandha nahIM, paramparayA mokSa bhI pRSThAMka 142 142 144 145 148 150 150 150 151 153 154 155 156 156 157 160 160 164 165 165 171 172 175 175 176 177 179

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[ caubIsa ] adhyAya pRSThAMka 181 186 187 188 190 191 193 195 197 198 200 201 203 204 nizcayadharma ke parva bhI vyavahAradharma nimittanaimittika kA samakAlayoga anivArya nahIM sahacara-vyavahAradharma zuddhopayogasAdhaka abAdhakatva sAdhakatva nahIM hai avarodhanivArakatva ke kAraNa hI niyatapUrvabhAva jJApakatva sAdhakatva nahIM hai 'suddho suddhAdeso' gAthA kA tAtparya vyavahAra ke jJAnamAtra se tIrthapravRtti sambhava nahIM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI manovaijJAnikatA sApekSatA kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyA nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI sApekSa upAdeyatA dazama : mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA avasthAnurUpa upAya hI kAryakArI Agama meM pAtrasApekSa upadeza svayogya dharmagrahaNa karane kA upadeza bhinna-bhinna bhUmikA meM bhinna-bhinna dharma grAhya vyavahAra kI heyopAdeyatA bhUmikAnusAra nizcaya-vyavahAra ke ekAnta avalambana kA niSedha vyavahAraikAnta se saMsArabhramaNa nizcayaikAnta se kevala pApabandha madhyastha hone se hI mokSa sarvathAnugamyaH syAdvAdaH ubhayanayAyattA pAramezvarI tIrthapravartanA donoM nayoM kI sApekSa upAdeyatA kA kathana anekAntAtmakatA kI manovaijJAnika bhitti ekAdaza : upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ mithyAdhAraNAoM kA khaNDana nimitta eka vAstavikatA Aropa vAstavika dharma kA hI kiyA jAtA hai nimitta ke upacAra kA koI prayojana nahIM prayojanavaza kartRkarmatva kA upacAra 205 206 208 209 209 209 210 211 212 214 216 216 217 218 219

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[ paccIsa ] adhyAya pRSThAMka 219 221 221 222 223 224 225 225 228 230 233 234 sh nsh nimittabhAva svabhAvagata nimitta ke binA kArya asambhava anvayavyatireka kI apekSA 'nimitta' saMjJA kAlapratyAsatti kA abhiprAya / anyavastu meM koI dharma utpanna karanA nimitta kA lakSaNa nahIM nizcaya se niSedha kA artha sarvathA niSedha nahIM dvikriyAkAritA kA prasaMga nahIM nimitta se svatantratA bAdhita nahIM hotI azuddhopAdAnajanya kArya nimittaprerita karma preraka nimitta hI haiM svaparapratyaya-pariNamana mohAdiprakRtika karma hI cidvikAra ke hetu preraka hI nahIM, AkrAmaka aura ghAtaka karma ajeya nahIM dvAdaza : nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa nizcayAbhAsa vyavahArAbhAsa ubhayAbhAsa ekAntavAdiyoM kA itihAsa ekAntavAda ke hetu anekAntasiddhAnta se anabhijJatA nayasvarUpa se anabhijJatA sApekSatA se anabhijJatA doSapUrNa vyAkhyAe~ ekAntapravacana sAMketika bhASA kA prayoga sAMketika bhASA aura spaSTa bhASA ke udAharaNa sandarbhagranthasUcI 240 242 243 245 246 246 247 247 248 249 253 254 256

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1. anagAradharmAmRta "/"" 2. amitagatizrAvakAcAra / 3. kasAyapAhuDa ( jayadhavalATIkA ) /// "" 4. kAvyaprakAza ""/" /*" 5. cAritrasAra 6. jJAnArNava '''/'' 7. tattvArthasUtra ''/''' 8. tattvArthavArtika / 9. tattvArthavRtti ""/'' 10. tattvArthazlokavArtika ... /... ***/***/***/*** 11. dhavalA /", ***/*** 12. nyAyadIpikA ""/" saMketasUcI 13. paramAtmaprakAza ""/" 14. pravacanasAra """/" 15. zrImadbhagavadgItA ''/''' 16. sarvArthasiddhi "/" 17. syAdvAdamaMjarI ''/'' adhyAyasaMkhyA/ zlokasaMkhyA ( SaTkhaNDAgama kI TIkA ) pRSTha saM0 adhikAra saM0 / zloka saM0 pustaka saM0 / bhAga saM0 / prakaraNa saM0 / pRSTha saM0 ullAsa saM0 / kArikA saM0 ( vRtti ) pRSTha saM0/ paMkti saM0 sarga saM0 / zloka saM0 adhyAya saM0 / sUtra saM0 adhyAya saM0 / sUtra saM0 adhyAya saM0/sUtra saM0 adhyAya saM0 / sUtra saM0 pustaka saM0 / adhyAya saM0 / sUtra saM 0 / vArtika saM0 pustaka saM0 / khaNDa saM0, bhAga saM0, sUtra saM0 / adhikAra saM 0 / prakaraNa saM0 adhikAra saM 0 / dohA saM0 adhikAra saM 0 / gAthA saM0 adhyAya saM0 / zloka saM0 adhyAya saM0/sUtra saM0 zloka saM0/ pRSTha saM0

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prathama adhyAya nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi vastu anekarUpAtmaka hai, jaise AtmA dravyadRSTi se nitya hai, paryAyadRSTi se anitya; dravyadRSTi se eka svabhAvAtmaka hai, paryAyadRSTi se anekasvabhAvAtmaka; dravyadRSTi se bhedarahita hai, paryAyadRSTi se bhedasahita; dravyadRSTi se abaddha hai, paryAyadRSTi se baddha; dravyadRSTi se rAgAdizUnya hai, paryAyadRSTi se raagaadiyukt| ina paraspara viruddha pakSoM meM se kisI eka pakSa se vastu ko dekhanevAlI jJAtA ( pramAtA ) kI dRSTi naya kahalAtI hai| naya : eka netra Agama meM naya ko netra kI upamA dI gaI hai jisase spaSTa hotA hai ki naya vastu ke pakSavizeSa ko jAnane ke sAdhana haiN| AcArya mAilladhavala kahate haiM - jIvA puggalakAlo dhammAdhammA taheva AyAsaM / NiyaNiyasahAvajuttA daTThavvA NayapamANaNayaNehiM / / ' apane-apane pratiniyata svabhAva se yukta jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ko naya aura pramANarUpI netroM se dekhanA caahie| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki jo nayarUpI dRSTi se rahita haiM unheM vastu ke svarUpa kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA aura vastusvarUpa ke jJAna se rahita jIva samyagdRSTi kaise ho sakatA hai ? 2 kArtikeyAnuprekSAkAra kA bhI kathana hai ki pakSavizeSa kA Azraya lekara na dekhA jAya to vastu ke nityatva, anityatva Adi dharma dikhAI nahIM dete : 'niravekkhaM dIsade nnev'| AcArya amRtacandra pravacanasAra kI 114vI gAthA kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM - ___"samasta vastue~ sAmAnya aura vizeSa rUpoM se yukta haiN| unakA darzana karAne vAle do netra haiM : dravyArthika aura pryaayaarthik| dravyArthika sAmAnya rUpa ke darzana 1. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra, gAthA 3. 2. je NayadiTThivihINA tANa Na vatthusahAvauvaladdhi / / vatthusahAvavihINA sammAdiTThI kahaM huti / / vahI, gAthA 181 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 261.

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2 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana isa vyAkhya karAtA hai aura paryAyArthika vizeSarUpa ke| udAharaNArtha, jaba paryAyArthika netra ko banda kara kevala dravyArthika se dekhate haiM taba jIvadravya kI nAraka, tiryak, manuSya, deva aura siddha paryAyoM meM ye paryAyeM dikhAI nahIM detIM, kevala unameM avasthita vahI-vahI jIvadravya dikhAI detA hai, jisase ye saba anya-anya paryAyeM eka usI jIvadravya ke rUpa meM ( ananya ) pratIta hotI haiN| kintu, jaba dravyArthika netra ko bandakara kevala paryAyArthika se avalokana karate haiM taba usa eka jIvadravya meM jIvadravya dikhAI nahIM detA, kevala usameM avasthita nAraka, tiryak, manuSya, deva aura siddha, ye aneka paryAyeM dikhAI detI haiM, jisase vahI jIvadravya anya-anya rUpoM meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| jaba donoM netroM ko eka sAtha kholakara isa ora bhI dekhate haiM aura usa ora bhI, taba nArakAdi paryAyoM meM avasthita jIvasAmAnya aura jIvasAmAnya meM avasthita nArakAdi paryAyarUpa vizeSa eka hI samaya meM dikhAI dete haiN| isa taraha kramaza: ekaeka netra se dekhane para vastu ke eka-eka pakSa ke darzana hote haiM aura donoM netroM se eka sAtha dekhane para sampUrNa vastu kA avalokana hotA hai| sampUrNa vastu kA avalokana karane para vastu ke anyatva aura ananyatva dharmoM meM virodha pratIta nahIM hotaa|" isa vyAkhyA se spaSTa hotA hai ki naya aura pramANa netroM ke samAna vastu ke svarUpa ko jAnane ke sAdhana haiN| yaha vyAkhyAna naya aura pramANa ke lakSaNoM ko bhI saralatayA bodhagamya banA detA hai| vastu ke parasparaviruddha do pakSoM meM se eka samaya meM eka hI pakSa se vastu kA parAmarza karanevAlI jJAtA kI ekAkI dRSTi kA 1. sarvasya hi vastunaH sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatvAt tatsvarUpamutpazyatAM yathAkramaM sAmAnya vizeSau paricchindatI dve kila cakSuSI, dravyArthikaM paryAyArthikaM ceti| tatra paryAyArthikamekAntanimIlitaM vidhAya kevalonmIlitena dravyArthikena yadAvalokyate tadA nArakatiryaGmanuSyadevasiddhatvaparyAyAtmakeSu vizeSeSu vyavasthitaM . jIvasAmAnyamekamavalokayatAmanavalokitavizeSANAM tatsarvaM jIvadravyamiti prtibhaati| yadA tu dravyArthikamekAntanimIlitaM vidhAya kevalonmIlitena paryAyArthikenAvalokyate tadA jIvadravye vyavasthitAnnArakatiryaGmanuSyadevasiddhatvaparyAyatmakAn vizeSAnanekAnavalokayatAmanavalokitasAmAnyAnAnAmanyadanyat prtibhaati| dravyasya tattadvizeSakAle tattadvizeSebhyastanmayatvenAnanyatvAd gnntRnnprnndaarumyhvyvaahvt| yadA tu te ubhe api dravyArthikaparyAyArthike tulyakAlonmIlite vidhAya tata itazcAvalokyate tadA nArakatiryaGmanuSyadevasiddhatvaparyAyAyeSu vyavasthitaM jIvasAmAnyaM jIvasAmAnye ca vyavasthitA nAraka-. tiryaGmanuSyadevasiddhatvaparyAyAtmakA vizeSAzca tulykaalmevaavlokynte| tatraikacakSuravalokanamekadezAvalokanaM, dvicakSuravalokanaM srvaavloknm| tataH sarvAvalokane dravyasyAnyatvamananyatvaM ca na viprtissidhyte|' pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 2/22

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi / 3 nAma naya hai tathA eka samaya meM donoM pakSoM se parAmarza karanevAle dRSTiyugala ko pramANa kahate haiN|' dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya hI adhyAtma meM nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| AcArya zrI amRtacandra ne samayasAra kI TIkA meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki nizcayanaya dravyAzrita hai aura vyavahAranaya pryaayaashrit|' AlApapaddhati meM bhI kahA gayA hai - NicchayavyavahAraNayA mUlimabheyA NayANasavvANaM / NicchayasAhaNaheU davvayapajjatthiyA muNaha / / ' - saba nayoM ke nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ye do mUlabhUta bheda haiN| nizcaya kA hetu dravyArthika naya hai aura sAdhana kA arthAt vyavahAranaya kA hetu paryAyArthika naya hai| isa prakAra nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya bhI netrayugala haiM jinake dvArA vastu ke parasparaviruddha pakSoM ke darzana hote haiN| nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya pramANaikadeza ___ vastu ke svarUpa kA jo nirNaya usake ubhaya pakSoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai vaha pramANa kahalAtA hai| prayojanavaza kisI eka pakSa ke AdhAra para kiye gaye nirNaya ko naya kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, jaba jJAtA ( pramAtA ) kI dRSTi meM vastu ke ubhaya pakSa pratibimbita hote haiM taba usa dRSTi kA nAma pramANa hotA hai aura jaba prayojanavaza dRSTi meM kisI eka pakSa kA pratibimba grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai taba usa dRSTi ko naya kahate haiN| isa taraha naya zrutajJAna-pramANa kA ekadeza ( aMza) hai ata: apramANa nahIM hai| jaise samudra ke aMza ko na to samudra kahA jA sakatA hai na asamudra, apitu samudraikadeza hI kahA jA sakatA hai, vaise hI pramANa ke avayava ko na to apramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai, na pramANa, apitu pramANaikadeza hI mAnA 1. "anekAntapratipattiH prmaannmekdhrmprtipttirnyH|" aSTazatI, devAgamakArikA, 106 2. "vyavahAranayaH kila paryAyAzritatvAt ... / nizcayanayastu dravyAzritatvAt ... / " samayasAra, gAthA, 56 3. AlApapaddhati, gAthA, 4. 4. AlApapaddhati, gAthA, 4, anuvAdaka - paM0 ratanacanda jI mukhtAra 5. "zrutavikalpo vA nyH| AlApapaddhati, sUtra, 181

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4 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jA sakatA hai|' nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya bhI zrutajJAnanAmaka pramANa ke avayava haiN| isalie pramANaikadeza haiN| ata: unase vastu ke pakSavizeSoM kI satyatA pramANita hotI hai| AcArya zrI amRtacandra ne ina donoM nayoM ko satya batalAyA hai, kyoMki vastu ke zuddha-azuddha rUpa inake viSaya haiM aura vastu kI pratIti zuddha-azuddha donoM rUpoM meM hotI hai| AcArya zrI jayasena kA kathana hai ki samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra ke samUha ko mokSamArga kahanA bhedapradhAna yA paryAyapradhAna vyavahAranaya se satya hotA hai| 'aikAgrya' ko mokSamArga kahanA abhedapradhAna yA dravyapradhAna nizcayanaya se satya hotA hai tathA cU~ki samasta vastusamUha bhedAbhedAtmaka hai isalie mokSamArga ke nizcayavyavahArAtmaka donoM rUpa pramANa se satya siddha hote haiN|" samayasAra kI TIkA meM AcArya zrI amRtacandra likhate haiM - "jaba jIva aura pudgala kI anAdibandhaparyAya ko dRSTi meM rakhakara anubhava kiyA jAtA hai taba jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye nau tattva satya pratIta hote haiM, kintu akele jIvadravya ke zuddha caitanya svabhAva ko dRSTi meM rakhakara anubhava karate haiM taba asatya Thaharate haiN| isI prakAra "anAdi baddhaspRSTatva paryAya se AtmA kA avalokana karane para baddhaspRSTatva bhUtArtha ghaTita hotA hai, kintu jaba padagala ke jar3a svabhAva ko kabhI bhI grahaNa na karanevAle AtmasvabhAva para dhyAna diyA jAtA hai taba AtmA kA baddhaspRSTatva ( pudgalakarmoM se saMzleSasambandha ) abhUtArtha 1. nApramANaM pramANaM vA nayo jJAnAtmako mataH / syAtpramANaikadezastu sarvathApyavirodhataH / / nayavivaraNa, 10 2. "shrutjnyaanaavyvbhuutyorvyvhaarnishcynypkssyoH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti, 143 3. "rAgAdipariNAmasyaivAtmA kartA tasyaivopAdAtA hAtA cetyeSa zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmako nishcynyH| yastu pudgalapariNAma Atmana: karma sa eva puNyapApadvaitaM pudgalapariNAmasyAtmA kartA tasyopAdAtA hAtA ceti so'zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmako vyvhaarnyH| ubhAvapyetau staH zuddhAzuddhatvenobhayathA dravyasya prtiiymaantvaat|" pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA, 2/97 4. "tasya tu mokSamArgasya samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga iti bhedAtmakatvAt paryAya pradhAnena vyavahAranayena nirNayo bhvti| aikAgryaM mokSamArga ityabhedAtmakatvAt dravyapradhAnena nizcayanayena nirNayo bhvti| samastavastusamUhasyApi bhedAbhedAtmakatvAnnizcayavyavahAramokSamArgadvayasyApi pramANena nizcayo bhvtiityrthH|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 3/42 "bahirdRSTyA navatattvAnyamUni jIvapudgalayoranAdibandhaparyAyamupetyaikatvenAnubhUyamAnatAyAM bhuutaarthaani| atha caikjiivdrvysvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthaani|" * samayasAra/AtmakhyAti, gAthA 13 5.

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi / 5 siddha hotA hai| ina vacanoM se nizcaya aura vyavahAranayoM kI pramANaikadezatA kA samarthana hotA hai| ___ syAdvAdamaJjarIkAra ne anya ke lie anya ke nAma kA prayoga karane ko arthAt upacArAtmaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko bhI pramANaikadeza batalAyA hai, kyoMki upacArAtmaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya sAdharmyAdi sambandha se mukhya artha kA hI dyotana karatA hai|' AcArya jayasena lokavyavahAra arthAt asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kI kathaMcit prAmANikatA kA pratipAdana karane ke liye jainoM aura bauddhoM ke dvArA mAnya vyavahAranayoM kA bheda batalAte haiN| ve kahate haiM - yadyapi jainoM ke samAna bauddha bhI buddha ko vyavahAranaya se sarvajJa mAnate haiM, tathApi bauddhoM ke mata meM vyavahAranaya jaise nizcayanaya kI apekSA asatya hotA hai vaise hI vyavahArarUpa se bhI asatya hotA hai| kintu, jainamata meM vyavahAranaya yadyapi nizcaya kI apekSA asatya hotA hai, tathApi vyavahArarUpa se satya hotA hai| yadi vaha lokavyavahAra-rUpa se bhI satya na ho to samasta lokavyavahAra mithyA tthhregaa| isase lokavyavahAra ko sarvathA asatya mAnane kA atiprasaMgadoSa upasthita hogaa|"3 ye samasta ArSavacana nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pramANaikadezatA kI puSTi karate haiN| satya ke do rUpa yataH nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM naya pramANaikadeza haiM isalie unake dvArA adhigata padArtha satya hotA hai| nizcayanaya dvArA gRhIta padArtha to satya hotA hI hai, vyavahAranaya dvArA jJAta padArtha bhI satya hotA hai| kintu satya ke rUpoM meM antara 1. "tathAtmano'nAdibaddhaspRSTatvaparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAM baddhaspRSTatvaM bhUtArthamapyekAntataH pudglaaspRshymaatmsvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthm|" __ samayasAra/AtmakhyAti, gAthA 14 2. "laukikAnAmapi ghaTAkAzaM paTAkAzamiti vyavahAraprasiddharAkAzasya nityaanitytvm|" na caaymaupcaariktvaadprmaannmev| upacArasyApi kiJcit sAdharmyadvAreNa mukhyaarthsprshitvaat|" syAdvAdamaJjarI, 5/26 "nanu saugato'pi brUte vyavahAreNa sarvajJaH, tasya kimiti dUSaNaM dIyate bhavadbhiriti ? tatra parihAramAha saugatAdimate yathA nizcayApekSayA vyavahAro mRSA, tathA vyavahArarUpeNApi vyavahAro na satya iti| jainamate punarvyavahAranayo yadyapi nizcayApekSayA mRSA tathApi vyavahArarUpeNa satya iti| yadi punarlokavyavahArarUpeNApi satyo na bhavati tarhi sarvo'pi lokavyavahAro mithyA bhavati, tathA stytiprsnggH|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 356-365 3. ( ka ) "ubhAvapyetau staH zuddhAzuddhatvenobhayathA dravyasya prtiiymaantvaat|" pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA, 2/97

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6 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana hai| anekAnta vastu se sambandhita jisa satya kI pratIti nizcayanaya se hotI hai vaha paramArthasatya hai aura jisakA anubhava vyavahAranaya se hotA hai vaha vyavahArasatya yA laukikasatya hai| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye svata:siddha svatantra mUlapadArtha paramArthasatya haiN|' tathA jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se siddha manuSyAdi jIvaparyAyeM, zarIrAdi ajIvaparyAyeM, moharAgAdirUpa Asrava, jIvapudgalasaMzleSarUpa bandha, pApa-puNya, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa vyavahAra satya haiN| isIlie inheM vyAvahArika nau padArtha kahA gayA hai| inameM bhI jo AsravAdi tattva jIva se sambaddha haiM arthAt cetanAtmaka haiM ve paramArthasatya haiM, jo pudgala se sambaddha haiM arthAt jar3asvabhAvAtmaka haiM ve vyavahArasatya haiN| AtmA kA svakIya zuddha pariNAma mokSa kA sAkSAt mArga hai isalie vaha paramArthasatya hai, AtmA kA hI zubhapariNAma mokSamArga kA sAdhaka hai isalie vaha vyavahArasatya hai| jIva kA svataHsiddha caitanyasvabhAva paramArthasatya hai, pudgala karmoM ke nimitta se utpanna moharAgAdibhAva vyavahArasatya hai| karmanimittaka deva, manuSya, tiryaka, nAraka evaM siddha paryAyeM bhI vyavahArasatya haiN| kevalajJAna tathA sarvajJatva bhI naimittikabhAva hone se vyavahArasatya haiN| AtmA aura usake darzanajJAnacAritrAdi dharmoM meM jo pradezagata maulika abheda hai vaha paramArthasatya hai tathA jo saMjJAdigata bAhya bheda hai vaha vyavahArasatya hai| AtmA aura pudgalAdi paradravyoM kI pradezagata maulika bhinnatA paramArthasatya hai tathA saMzleSa, saMyoga, nimittanaimittika Adi bAhya sambandha vyavahArasatya haiN| apane darzanajJAnAdi ( kha ) "amISu tIrthapravRttinimittamabhUtArthanayena vyapadizyamAneSu jIvAjIvapuNyapApAsravasaMvaranirjarAbandhamokSalakSaNeSu nvtttvessu|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 13 1. ( ka ) "imau hiM jIvAjIvau pRthagbhUtAstitvanirvRttatvena bhinnasvabhAvabhUtau muulpdaarthii| jIvapudgalasaMyogapariNAmanirvRttAH saptAnye ca pdaarthaaH|" / paMcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 108 ( kha ) "nizcayamanArUDhAH paramArthasatyaM bhagavantaM samayasAraM na pshynti|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 413 (ga ) "gaganAdivat pAramArthiko vstuvishesso'smi|" vahI/gAthA 73 2. "nArakAdijIvavizeSAjIvapuNyapApAsravasaMvaranirjarAbandhamokSalakSaNavyAvahArikanava tattvebhya: ... . / " vahI/gAthA 38 3. mottUNaNicchayaTuM vavahAreNa vidusA pavaTaiti / paramaTThamassidANa du jadINa kammakkhao vihio / / samayasAra/gAthA 156

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi / 7 guNoM meM vyApta AtmA kA caitanyabhAvarUpa eka mUla svabhAva paramArthasatya hai tathA caitanya - rUpa mUlasvabhAva meM nimagna darzana, jJAna, cAritrAdi viziSTa svabhAva vyavahAra - satya haiN| zarIra, dhana-sampatti tathA parivArajanoM ke sAtha AtmA kA pradezAtmaka ekatva na hone se svasvAmisambandha kA abhAva paramArthasatya hai, kintu saMyogasambandha hone se svasvAmisambandha kA sadbhAva vyavahArasatya hai / paradravyoM meM svazarIra, parazarIra, svastrI, parastrI, nijadhana, paradhana ityAdi apane-parAye kA bhAva laukika satya hai / isa satya ke binA paraprANavyaparopaNarUpa hiMsA, paradhanaharaNarUpa corI, parastrIgamanarUpa abrahma tathA dhanAdisaMgraharUpa parigraha ke pApa ghaTita nahIM ho sakate, na hI inake tyAga se phalita hone vAle aNuvratoM aura mahAvratoM, anazanAdi tapa zrAvakadharma aura munidharma kA astitva siddha ho sakatA hai| isIlie AcArya jayasena ne lokavyavahAra ko vyavahArarUpa se satya batalAyA hai| isI prakAra vastu kA mUla nAma paramArthasatya hai aura aupacArika nAma vyavahArasatya / jaise zarIra kA 'zarIra' nAma paramArtha satya hai kyoMki yaha nAma 'zarIra' zabda kA jo niyatasvalakSaNabhUta artha hai use hI saMketita karatA hai, kintu zarIra kI 'jIva' saMjJA vyavahArasatya hai kyoMki yaha niyatasvalakSaNabhUta artha ko saMketita na kara jIva aura zarIra ke saMzleSasambandha ko lakSaNAzakti se bodhita karatI hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya parasparasApekSa haiN| isalie nizcaya zabda vyavahArasatya ke astitva ko svayaM dyotita karatA hai| AcArya zrI jayasena samayasAra kI TIkA meM spaSTa karate haiM " zuddhanizcayanaya se jIva akarttA, abhoktA tathA krodhAdi se bhinna hai, aisI vyAkhyA karane para dUsare pakSa meM vyavahAranaya se karttA, bhoktA tathA krodhAdi se abhinna hai, yaha artha svayameva nikalatA hai, kyoMki nizcaya aura vyavahAra paraspara sApekSa haiN| jaise yaha devadatta dAyIM A~kha se dekhatA hai aisA kahane para bAyIM A~kha se nahIM dekhatA, yaha artha binA kahe hI siddha hotA hai / kintu jo aisA nayavibhAga nahIM mAnate, unake mata meM jaise jIva zuddhanizcayanaya se akarttA tathA krodhAdi se bhinna hotA hai vaise hI vyavahAranaya se bhI hotA hai| aisA hone para krodhAdirUpa pariNamana ke abhAva meM siddhoM ke samAna karmabandha kA abhAva phalita hotA hai| karmabandha ke abhAva meM saMsAra kA abhAva aura saMsAra ke abhAva meM sadA mukta rahane kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| yaha pratyakSa ke viruddha hai, kyoMki saMsAra pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai / " " 1. kiM ca zuddhanizcayanayena jIvasyAkartRtvabhoktRtvaM ca krodhAdibhyazca bhinnatvaM ca bhavatIti

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8 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana isa prakAra satya ke do rUpa : paramArthasatya aura vyavahArasatya yA laukika satya Agamasiddha haiN| upadeza ke lie nizcaya-vyavahAra nayoM kA Azraya jIvAdi tattva anekAntAtmaka haiM isalie jinendradeva ne unakI prarUpaNA nizcaya aura vyavahAranayoM ke Azraya se kI hai| guru bhI ziSyoM ke ajJAna kI nivRtti ke lie nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kA avalambana kara vastusvarUpa kA vivecana karate haiM, jaisA ki AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai - mukhyopacAra - vivaraNanirastadustaravineyadurbodhAH / vyavahAranizcayajJAH pravartayante jagati tIrthama / / 2 arthAt nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke jJAtA guru mukhya vivaraNa ( dravyAzrita yA mUlAzrita kathana ) tathA upacAravivaraNa ( paryAyAzrita kathana ) dvArA ziSyoM ke durnivAra ajJAna ko miTAkara jagat meM dharmatIrtha kA pravartana karate haiN| - anAdi ajJAnavaza jIva zarIra ko AtmA mAnatA hai aura indriyasukha ko hI sukha samajhatA hai| devI-devatAoM ke prakopa ko duHkha kA kAraNa mAnatA hai aura unakI pUjA-bhakti ko tathA prANiyoM kI bali dekara unheM prasanna karane ko du:kha-nivAraNa kA upAya samajhatA hai| Izvara kI ArAdhanA aura zubhakriyAe~ usakI dRSTi meM mokSa kA mArga hotI haiN| vaha apane ko paradravyoM kA kartA, dhartA, hartA aura unheM apane sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa mAnakara calatA hai| paradravyoM meM usakI mamatvabuddhi hotI hai| du:kha ke vAstavika kAraNa aura duHkha-mukti ke vAstavika upAya kI use samajha nahIM hotii| isalie hitaiSI guru nizcayanaya kA Azraya lekara pratiniyata svalakSaNa kI yukti se samajhAte haiM ki jIvoM meM jo zuddhacaitanya bhAva hai usakA nAma AtmA hai tathA vaha zarIra aura rAgAdibhAvoM se bhinna hai| isase ajJAnI jIva kA AtmaviSayaka vyAkhyAne kRte sati dvitIyapakSe vyavahAreNa kartRtvaM bhoktRtvaM ca krodhAdibhyazcAbhinnatvaM ca labhyate ev| kasmAt ? nizcayavyavahArayoH prsprsaapeksstvaat| kathamiti cet ? yathA dakSiNena cakSuSA pazyatyayaM devadattaH ityukte vAmena na pshytiitynuktsiddhimiti| ye punarevaM parasparasApekSanayavibhAgaM na manyante sAMkhyasadAzivamatAnusAriNasteSAM mate yathA zuddhanizcayanayena kartA na bhavati krodhAdibhyazca bhinno bhavati tathA vyvhaarennaapi| tatazca krodhAdipariNamanAbhAve sati siddhAnAmiva krmbndhaabhaavH| karmabandhAbhAve sNsaaraabhaavH| saMsArAbhAve sarvadA muktatvaM praapnoti|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 113-115 1. "ubhayanayAyattA pAramezvarI tiirthprvrtnaa|" paMcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 159 2. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, kArikA 4.

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi / 9 ajJAna dUra ho jAtA hai| vaha zarIra aura rAgAdibhAvoM se pRthagbhUta cinmAtrabhAva meM hI jIvadravya kI sattA kA nizcaya karatA hai| kintu isake sAtha hI gurudeva vyavahAranaya kA avalambana kara jIvasaMyukta zarIra ko bhI jIva kahate haiM, isalie ki ziSya svabhAva kI dRSTi se to AtmA ko zarIra se pRthak mAne, kintu paryAyadRSTi se pRthak na mAna le| yadi paryAyadRSTi se bhI pRthak mAna liyA to jIva ke sAtha zarIra kA koI sambandha dikhegA hI nahIM aura taba zarIra ke ghAta se jIvaghAtarUpa hiMsA kA pApa ghaTita nahIM hogaa| isase karmabandha ke abhAva kA prasaMga AyegA aura karmabandha ke abhAva meM mokSa kA abhAva ghaTita hogaa| vyavahAranaya ke upadeza se yaha anartha nahIM ho paataa| isI prakAra zarIra ko sarvathA jIva samajhane se jo anartha ho sakatA hai vaha nizcayanaya ke upadeza se baca jAtA hai| isI prakAra guru nizcayanaya ke Azraya se jIva ko rAgAdibhAvoM se bhinna darzAne ke sAtha-sAtha vyavahAranaya kA avalambana kara abhinna bhI pradarzita karate haiM, jisase ki jIva paryAyadRSTi se bhI zuddha na mAna liyA jAya, anyathA jo paryAyadRSTi se bhI zuddha ho, usake lie mokSa kI AvazyakatA kaise siddha hogI ? dUsarI tarapha dravyadRSTi se AtmA ko rAgAdi se bhinna na mAnA jAya to ve AtmA ke svabhAva siddha hoNge| isa sthiti meM mokSa kI sambhAvanA hI samApta ho jAyegI, kyoMki jo svabhAva hai usase koI mukta kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa anartha kA pratikAra nizcayanaya ke upadeza se ho jAtA hai|' tathA gurudeva nizcayanaya ( dravyadRSTi ) kA Azraya lekara paradravya aura AtmA meM vasturUpa se pRthaktva darzAte haiM aura siddha karate haiM ki jo dravya mUlata: pRthakpRthak haiM arthAt jinakI sattA hI alaga-alaga hai unameM koI kisI kA karttA yA karma kaise ho sakatA hai ? koI kisI kA svAmI yA sva ( apanA ) kaise ho sakatA hai ? koI kisI kI svastrI yA parastrI, svadhana yA paradhana kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa nizcayanayAzrita vizleSaNa se ziSya ko nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki jIva paradravya kA kartA-hartA yA svAmI nahIM hai, na hI koI svastrI hai, na parastrI, na svapuruSa, na parapuruSa, na svadhana, na prdhn| isa jJAna se paradravya ke prati mamatva kA AdhAra 1. sarve evaite'dhyavasAnAdayo bhAvA jIvA iti yadbhagavadbhiH sakalajJaiH prajJaptaM tadabhUtArthasyApi vyavahArasyApi drshnm| vyavahAro hi vyavahAriNAM mlecchAbhASeva mlecchAnAM paramArthapratipAdakatvAdaparamArtho'pi tIrthapravRttinimittaM darzayituM nyAyya ev| tamantareNa tu zarIrAjjIvasya paramArthato bhedadarzanAt basasthAvarANAM bhasmana iva ni:zaGkamupamardanena hiMsAbhAvAd bhavatyeva bndhsyaabhaavH| tathA rakto dviSTo vimUDho jIvo badhyamAno mocanIya iti rAgadveSamohebhyo jIvasya paramArthato bhedadarzanena mokSopAyaparigrahaNAbhAvAd bhavatyeva moksssyaabhaavH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 46

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10 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana samApta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra guru anubhava karAte haiM ki nizcayanaya se dekhane para kevala mUla padArtha hI dikhAI detA hai, do padArthoM kA sambandha dikhAI nahIM detA, kyoMki isako dekhane vAlI vyavahAradRSTi usa samaya banda rahatI hai| isalie nizcayadRSTi se saMyogAdi sambandha abhUtArtha siddha hote haiN| kintu, isake sAtha hI guru vyavahAranaya ( paryAyadRSTi yA dviSThasambandhadRSTi ) kA avalambana kara AtmA aura paradravya meM saMzleSa, saMyoga, nimittanaimittikAdi sambandhoM ko bhUtArtha batalAte haiM, jisase yaha samAdhAna ho jAtA hai ki jIva kI saMsArAvasthA maulika nahIM hai, apitu pudgalasaMyogajanya hai, rAgAdibhAva svAbhAvika nahIM haiM, balki pudgalakarmanimittaka haiN| isalie pudgalakarmoM ke saMyoga se chuTakArA pAkara jIva mukta ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra strI-putra, dhana-sampatti Adi ke sAtha saMyoga sambandha kA bodha hone se yaha bhI nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki inake sAtha laukikadRSTi se apane-parAye kA bheda vAstavika hai| isa bheda kI vAstavikatA ke AdhAra para hI paraprANavyaparopaNarUpa hiMsA, parastrIgamanarUpa vyabhicAra, paradhanaharaNarUpa corI, paradravyasaMgraharUpa parigraha Adi pApoM kI satyatA siddha hotI hai| tathA guruzrI nizcayanaya kA Azraya lekara zuddhopayoga ko hI mokSamArga ThaharAte haiM, kyoMki zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA zuddhopayoga se hI hotI hai| kintu vyavahAranaya ( sAdhya-sAdhakasambandhadRSTi ) ko pradhAnatA dekara zubhopayoga ko mokSamArga pratipAdita karate haiM, kyoMki zubhopayoga ke abhyAsa se hI jIva zuddhopayoga ke yogya bana pAtA hai| yadi kevala nizcayanaya ke abhiprAya se zuddhopayoga ko hI mokSamArga batalAyA jAya aura zubhopayoga ko mokSamArga saMjJA na dI jAya to ziSya ekAntarUpa se zuddhopayoga ko hI mokSamArga mAnakara usI meM sthita hone kA prayAsa karatA rahegA, lekina viSayakaSAyoM se grasta hone ke kAraNa saphala na ho pAyegA, jisase pApasaMcaya karate hue hI manuSyAyu samApta ho jaayegii| dUsarI ora, vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se kevala zubhopayoga ko hI mokSamArga kahA jAya, zuddhopayoga ke mokSamArgatva kA varNana na kiyA jAya to jIva ekAntarUpa se zubhopayoga ko hI mokSamArga samajhakara usI meM lagA rahegA aura puNyabandha karatA huA svargAdi ke cakkara kATatA rahegA, mukta na ho paayegaa| isI prakAra guruvara nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se pApa aura puNya donoM ko bandhakAraNa hone kI apekSA heya pratipAdita karate haiM aura vyavahAranaya ke abhiprAya se pApa se bacane ke lie puNya ko upAdeya ThaharAte haiN| nizcayanaya kA avalambana kara rAgAdi kI utpatti ko hiMsA batalAte haiM tathA vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se ( nimittanaimittika sambandha kI dRSTi se ) paraprANavyaparopaNa ko hiMsA saMjJA dete haiM,

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi / 11 kyoMki paraprANoM ke vyaparopaNa ko hiMsA saMjJA na dI jAya to jIva unakI rakSA kA prayatna nahIM kregaa| nizcayanaya kI apekSA guru mUrchA ko parigraha nirUpita karate haiM aura vyavahAranaya kI apekSA paradravya ke saMgraha ko 'parigraha' zabda se abhihita karate haiM, jisase ki jIva mUrchA ke bAhya nimitta se baca ske| isa prakAra gurudeva nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM kA avalambana kara ajJAnI ziSyoM ko jIvAdi tattvoM kA upadeza dete haiM, jisase vastu ke anekAntasvarUpa ke jJAnapUrvaka unake durnivAra ajJAna kI nivRtti sambhava hotI hai| dezanA ke samyak grahaNa hetu nayabheda kA jJAna Avazyaka guru nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kA Azraya lekara upadeza dete haiN| use samyagrUpa se grahaNa karane ke lie ziSya ko bhI ina nayoM ke svarUpa kA samIcIna jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| ina nayoM ke kathana kina apekSAoM para Azrita haiM athavA kauna sA kathana kisa naya se saMgata hai, yaha jJAna bhalIbhA~ti honA caahie| yaha jJAna na hone para bar3I bhrAntiyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| jaise koI dravyadRSTi se kiye gae nizcayanaya ke kathana ko paryAyadRSTi se kiyA gayA mAna letA hai, arthAt nizcayanaya ko vyavahAranaya samajha letA hai| udAharaNArtha, Agama meM AtmA ko dravyadRSTi se siddhasamAna kahA gayA hai| nayajJAna se rahita manuSya apane ko paryAya kI apekSA siddhavat anubhava karane lagatA hai| jinendradeva ne nizcayanayAzrita upadeza meM jIva ko dravya kI apekSA rAgAdi se bhinna batalAyA hai| nayajJAnazUnya manuSya AtmA ko paryAya kI apekSA rAgAdi se bhinna samajha letA hai| samayasAra meM AtmA ko dravyadRSTi se abaddhaspRSTa kahA hai| nayajJAnavihIna vyakti paryAya kI dRSTi se abaddhaspRSTa samajhane kI bhUla kara baiThatA hai|' bhagavAn ne zubhapravRtti ko bandha kI apekSA heya kahA hai, pApa se bacane kI apekSA upAdeya batalAyA hai, kintu nayanetrarahita manuSya sarvathA heya mAna letA hai| Agama meM nizcayanaya kA avalambana kara dravya kI pradhAnatA se AtmA aura paradravya meM nimittanaimittikAdi samasta sambandhoM kA abhAva batalAyA hai| nayadRSTivihIna jIva unakA sarvathA abhAva samajha baiThatA hai| ina samasta bhrAntiyoM ko nizcayaikAnta yA nizcayAbhAsa kahate haiN| koI manuSya vyavahAranaya ko nizcayanaya ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara letA hai| yathA, jinendradeva ne zuddhopayogarUpa mokSamArga kA sAdhaka hone kI apekSA samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga ko vyavahAranaya se mokSamArga saMjJA dI hai, kintu nayabhramita vyakti use 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/adhikAra 7/pR0 193. 2. vahI/adhikAra 7/pR0 196. 3. vahI/adhikAra 7/pR0 198.

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12 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana vAstavika mokSamArga mAna letA hai| isI prakAra Agama meM AtmA aura zarIra ke saMzleSa-sambandha kI apekSA vyavahAranaya se manuSyAdi zarIroM ko jIva kahA hai| nayajJAna se zUnya manuSya ise dravyadRSTi se kiyA gayA kathana mAnakara manuSyAdi zarIroM ko hI paramArthata: jIva samajhane lagatA hai| ise vyavahAraikAnta yA vyavahArAbhAsa kahA gayA kucha loga donoM nayoM ke kathana ko apekSA bheda ke binA samAnarUpa se satya mAna lete haiM, kyoMki nayoM ke bheda ko ve samajha nahIM pAte haiM aura donoM nayoM se bhagavAn ne upadeza diyA hai, isalie kisI naya ko asatya mAna nahIM skte| ata: ve donoM ke kathana ko paramArthataH satya svIkAra karane kI majabUrI nibhAte calate haiN| bhagavAn ne AtmA ko nizcayanaya se caitanyasvabhAva kahA hai aura vyavahAranaya se rAgAdisvabhAva batalAyA hai, isalie yaha bheda kiye binA ki caitanyasvabhAva kisa apekSA se kahA hai aura rAgAdisvabhAva kisa apekSA se, ve AtmA ko eka hI apekSA se donoM svabhAvavAlA mAna lete haiN| isI prakAra nizcayanaya se zuddhopayoga ko mokSamArga batalAyA hai aura vyavahAranaya se zubhopayoga ko| yahA~ apekSAbheda kA vicAra kiye binA donoM ko vAstavika mokSamArga samajhakara eka sAtha sAdhane kI niSphala ceSTA karate haiN| yaha ubhayaikAnta athavA ubhayAbhAsa hai| nayavibhAga se anabhijJa vyakti kI bhrAntabuddhi kA eka dRSTAnta samayasAra meM diyA gayA hai| kaviyoM ne tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti unake zArIrika guNoM ke dvArA kI hai| ise dekhakara nayabheda se anabhijJa vyakti kahatA hai, "tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti unake zarIra kI stuti ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| isalie merA dRr3ha mata hai ki zarIra hI AtmA hai| yadi aisA na ho to tIrthaGkaroM kI sArI stuti mithyA ho jaayegii|' isake uttara meM AcArya kahate haiM, "aisA nahIM hai| tuma nayabheda se anabhijJa ho ( arthAt kauna sA kathana kisa naya kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai ise tuma nahIM jAnate ) / jIva aura zarIra ke saMzleSasambandha ko dRSTi meM rakhakara vyavahAranaya se jIva aura zarIra ko eka mAnA jAtA hai| isI apekSA se arthAt vyavahAranaya se zarIra ke stavana se AtmA kA stavana saMgata hotA hai| kintu, nizcayanaya se vicAra karane para arthAt AtmA aura pudgala ke niyata svalakSaNoM para dhyAna dene se jJAta hotA hai ki jIva cetanasvabhAva hai aura pudgala jdd'svbhaav| isa taraha unake svabhAvoM meM atyanta bhinnatA hai, ata: ve kabhI eka nahIM ho skte| isalie nizcayanaya se 1. jadi jIvo Na sarIraM titthayarAyariyasaMthudI ceva / savvAvi havadi micchA teNa du AdA havadi deho / / samayasAra, gAthA 26

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI pRSThabhUmi / 13 zarIra kI stuti se AtmA kI stuti upapanna nahIM hotii|' niSkarSata: zarIra jIva nahIM hai, apitu zuddhacaitanya tattva hI jIva hai| yaha nayabheda se anabhijJa vyakti kI bhrAntabuddhi kA dRSTAnta hai| isa viSaya meM AcArya amRtacandrasUri kahate haiM - "jo vyavahAra ko hI paramArthabuddhi se grahaNa karate haiM unheM zuddhAtmA kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| jo paramArtha ko hI paramArtharUpa se grahaNa karate haiM unheM zuddhAtmasvarUpa kI pratIti ho pAtI hai|" tathA jo vyavahAranaya ko sarvathA asatya mAnakara ekamAtra nizcayanaya ko satya svIkAra karate hue pravRtta hote haiM unake viSaya meM AcArya kahate haiM - NicchayamAlaMbaMtA Nicchayado NicchayaM ayANaMtA / NAsaMti caraNakaraNaM vAharicaraNAlasA keI / / ' - kucha loga aise hote haiM jo nizcayanaya ko nizcayanaya se to jAnate nahIM haiM, kintu usakA avalambana karate haiN| ve bAhya cAritra meM AlasI bana jAte haiM aura cAritra se hAtha dho baiThate haiN| uparyukta anarthoM se bacane ke lie mumukSu ziSya ko nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kA samIcIna jJAna prApta karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| 1. ( ka ) naivaM nayavibhAgAnabhijJo'si - vavahAraNayo bhAsadi jIvo deho ya havadi khalu ikko / Na du Nicchayassa jIvo deho ya kadAvi ekaTTho / / samayasAra/gAthA 27 ( kha ) ekatvaM vyavahArato na tu punaH kAyAtmanonizcayA tru stotraM vyavahArato'sti vapuSaH stutyA na tttttvtH| stotraM nizcayatazcito bhavati citstutyaiva saivaM bhave traatstiirthkrstvottrblaadektvmaatmaanggyoH|| samayasArakalaza, 27 2. "tato ye vyavahArameva paramArthabuddhyA cetayante te samayasArameva na cetynte| ya eva paramArthaM paramArthabuddhyA cetayante ta eva samayasAraM cetynte|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti, gAthA 414 3. paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA, gAthA 172 meM uddhRta

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dvitIya adhyAya nizcayanaya jJAtA kI jo dRSTi svataHsiddha mUlapadArtha, mUlasvabhAva, maulika bheda, maulika abheda, niyata svalakSaNa evaM AtmAzrita bhAva ke AdhAra para vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karatI hai use nizcayanaya kahate haiM tathA jo sopAdhika ( saMyukta ) padArtha, aupAdhika ( naimittika ) bhAva, svabhAvavizeSa ( viziSTa svabhAva ), bAhyabheda, bAhya sambandha, parAzritabhAva evaM upacAra ke AdhAra para nirNaya karatI hai vaha vyavahAranaya kahalAtI hai| mUla padArtha se tAtparya hai paradravya se asambaddha, parasaMyogAdi se anutpanna, svataHsiddha, svatantra pdaarth| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cha: mUla padArtha haiM, kyoMki ye parasaMyogAdi se rahita, svata:siddha evaM svatantra haiN|' inheM dravya bhI kahate haiN| mUlasvabhAva kA artha hai vastu kA vaha asAdhAraNa svabhAva jo usake guNa nAmaka viziSTa svabhAvoM meM vyApta hotA hai aura jisake kAraNa ve guNa dravyavizeSa ke guNoM ke rUpa meM pahacAne jAte haiN| jaise caitanyabhAva AtmA kA asAdhAraNa svabhAva hai| vaha AtmA ke darzana, jJAna, cAritrAdi guNoM meM vyApta hotA hai aura usake hI kAraNa darzanajJAnacAritrAdi AtmA ke guNoM ke rUpa meM pahacAne jAte haiN| ata: caitanyabhAva AtmA kA mUlasvabhAva hai| maulika bheda se abhiprAya hai svabhAva yA pradezoM ( sattA ) kA bhinna-bhinna honA aura unakA abhinna honA maulika abheda kahalAtA hai| jo dharma vastUvizeSa kI sabhI avasthAoM meM tathA usa jAti kI sabhI vastuoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, anya kisI vastu meM upalabdha nahIM hotA, vaha usa vastu kA niyata-svalakSaNa kahalAtA hai| svAtmA ke zraddhAnAdi ko AtmAzrita bhAva kahate pudgalasaMyukta jIva aura pudgalasaMyukta padagala sopAdhika padArtha haiN| padagala kI upAdhi yA nimitta se utpanna jIva ke pariNAma tathA jIva ke nimitta se utpanna pudgala ke pariNAma aupAdhika yA naimittika bhAva kahalAte haiN| puNya, pApa, Asrava, 1. "iti bhedAtmakatvAt paryAyapradhAnena vyavahAranayena nirNayo bhvti|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 3/42 2. "imau hi jIvAjIvau pRthagbhUtAstitvanirvRttatvena bhinnasvabhAvabhUtau muulpdaarthii|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 108

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nizcayanaya / 15 saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa ye sAta padArtha pudgala ke nimitta se jIva meM utpanna hote haiM, ata: ye jIva ke aupAdhika ( naimittika ) bhAva haiN|' jIva ke nimitta se ye pudgala meM bhI utpanna hote haiM ata: ve pudgala ke naimittika bhAva haiN| audayika, aupazamika, kSAyopazamika tathA kSAyika bhAva jIva ke aupAdhika bhAva haiM, kyoMki ye karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSayopazama tathA kSaya ke nimitta se AvirbhUta hote haiN| jIva kI manuSya, deva, tiryaJca aura nArakaparyAyeM karmoM ke udaya ke nimitta se hotI haiM tathA pudgalasaMyogajanya haiM, ata: ye jIva kI aupAdhika avasthAe~ haiN| siddha paryAya kI utpatti bhI ghAtI aura aghAtI donoM prakAra ke karmoM ke kSaya se hotI hai| isalie yaha bhI naimittika yA aupAdhika hai| dravya kA asAdhAraNa svabhAva jina vibhinna guNoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai ve dravya ke viziSTa svabhAva yA 'vizeSa' kahalAte haiN| vastu aura usake dharmoM meM jo saMjJAdi kA bheda hotA hai vaha bAhya bheda hai tathA paradravya ke sAtha rahanevAle saMyogAdi sambandha kA nAma bAhyasambandha hai| jIvAdi paradravyoM ke zraddhAnAdi ko parAzrita bhAva kahate haiN| anya ke lie anya ke vAcaka zabda kA prayoga karanA upacAra kahalAtA hai| inameM se upacAra ko chor3akara sabhI padArtha dravya aura paryAya meM garbhita haiN| mUlapadArtha, mUlasvabhAva, maulika bheda, maulika abheda aura niyatasvalakSaNa ye pA~coM dravya meM antarbhUta haiN| jaise zuddha caitanyabhAva Atmadravya kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai aura svata:siddha hai, paradravya ke saMyogAdi se utpanna nahIM hai, ata: mUla padArtha hai| apane darzana, jJAna, cAritrAdi vizeSa-svabhAvoM meM akhaNDarUpa se vyApta hotA hai ataH svayaM AtmA kA mUlasvabhAva hai| Atmadravya aura usake darzanajJAnAdi guNoM meM akhaNDa rUpa se vyApta rahane ke kAraNa hI unameM maulika abheda kA prakAzaka hai| AtmA ke atirikta zeSa dravyoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA, isalie paradravyoM se maulika bheda kA sUcaka hai| dUsarI ora, sopAdhika padArtha ( jIva aura pudgala kI saMyukta avasthA ) tathA aupAdhika bhAva paryAya haiN| darzana, jJAna, cAritrAdi vizeSa bhI paryAya haiN| saMjJAdi1. "jIvapudgalasaMyogapariNAmanirvRttAH saptAnye ca pdaarthaaH|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 108 2. "tatrodayena yukta audyikH| upazamena yukta aupshmikH| kSayopazamena yuktaH kssaayopshmikH| kSayeNa yuktaH kssaayikH| pariNAmena yuktaH paarinnaamikH| ta ete paJca jiivgunnaaH| ttropaadhicturvidhnibndhnaashctvaarH| svabhAvanibandhana ekH|" vahI/gAthA, 16 3. "anyatra prasiddhasya dharmasyAnyA smaaropnnsmdbhuutvyvhaarH| asadbhUtavyavahAra ___evopcaarH|" AlApapaddhati/sUtra 207-208 4. "tathAtmano jnyaandrshnaadipryaayenn"|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 14

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16 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana gata bheda bhI paryAya hai|' paradravya ke sAtha nimittanaimittikAdi sambandha bhI paryAya haiN| yata: nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke viSayabhUta uparyukta padArtha dravya aura paryAya meM garbhita hote haiM, ata: AcAryoM ne saMkSepa meM dravya kA avalambana kara vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karanevAlI jJAtA kI dRSTi ko nizcayanaya tathA paryAya kA avalambana kara nirNaya karanevAlI dRSTi ko vyavahAranaya saMjJA dI hai - "nizcayanayastu dravyAzritatvAt / vyavahAranayaH kila paryAyAzritatvAt ... / " nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke pUrvokta viSayoM ko pRthak-pRthak lekara ina nayoM kI paribhASAe~ isa prakAra kI gaI haiM - "abhedAnupacAratayA vastu nizcIyata iti nishcyH| bhedopacAratayA vastu vyavahriyata iti vyvhaarH|" - maulika ( pradezagata ) abheda aura niyatasvalakSaNa ( anupacAra ) ke AdhAra para vastu kA nizcaya karanevAlI dRSTi nizcayanaya hai tathA saMjJAdigata bAhya bheda aura upacAra ke AdhAra para nirNaya karanevAlI dRSTi vyvhaarny| "nizcayanayo'bhedaviSayo, vyavahAro bhedvissyH|4 - nizcayanaya kA viSaya pradezagata abheda hai aura vyavahAranaya kA viSaya saMjJAdigata bhed| arthAt maulika abheda kA avalambana kara vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karanevAlI dRSTi kA nAma nizcayanaya aura bAhyabheda kA avalambana kara nirNaya karanevAlI dRSTi kA nAma vyavahAranaya hai| "bhinnvstusmbndhvissyo'sdbhuutvyvhaarH|"5 -bhinna vastuoM kA sambandha asadbhUta vyavahAranaya kA viSaya hai| yahA~ paradravyasambandha ke AdhAra para vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karanevAlI jJAtA kI dRSTi ko 'asadbhUtavyavahAranaya' zabda se saMketita kiyA gayA hai| ___"AtmAzrito nizcayanayaH, parAzrito vyvhaarnyH|" -nizcayanaya AtmAzrita hai, vyavahAranaya praashrit| 1. "vavahAro ya viyappo bhedo taha pajjao tti eyttttho|' gommaTasAra/jIvakANDa/gAthA 572 2. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 56 3. AlApapaddhati/sUtra 204-205 4. vahI/sUtra 216 5. vahI/pAdaTippaNI/dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra/pRSTha 228 6. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 272

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nizcayanaya / 17 yaha paribhASA mokSamArga ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kI gaI hai|' isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki svAtmA ke zraddhAnAdi ke AdhAra para mokSamArga kA nirNaya karanevAlI dRSTi nizcayanaya hai tathA paradravya ke zraddhAnAdi ke AdhAra para nirNaya karanevAlI dRSTi vyvhaarny| ye donoM dRSTiyA~ niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI evaM upacArAvalambinI dRSTiyoM meM garbhita haiM, kevala spaSTatA ke lie pRthak rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ye samasta paribhASAe~ nizcaya aura vyavahAranayoM ke pUrvokta viSayoM aura lakSaNoM para prakAza DAlatI haiN| pratiniyata lakSaNa se padArthoM kI pahacAna yahA~ prazna hai ki nizcaya aura vyavahAranayoM ke uparyukta viSayoM kI pahacAna kaise sambhava hai ? kisI bhI vastu kI pahacAna usake pratiniyata lakSaNa se hotI hai|' usI ke dvArA mUlapadArtha kA nizcaya hotA hai| usI ke dvArA AsravAdi aupAdhika tattvoM kI pahacAna hotI hai| usI ke dvArA kartA-karmAdi paryAyoM kA nirNaya hotA hai| vahI bhinna vastuoM kI bhinnatA kA nizcaya karAtA hai| vahI vastu aura usake dharmoM kI abhinnatA kA nirNAyaka hai| pratiniyata svalakSaNa vastu ke usa dharma ko kahate haiM jo usakI sabhI avasthAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, kintu anya kisI vastu meM upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisake kAraNa vaha anya sabhI vastuoM se bhinna siddha hotI hai tathA jisake abhAva meM usa vastu kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| jaise zuddhacaitanyabhAva jIva kA aisA dharma hai jo usake 1. (ka) "AtmAzritanizcayanayAzritAnAmeva muccmaantvaat| parAzritavyavahAranayasyaikAnte naamucymaanenaabhvyenaapyaashriiymaanntvaacc|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 272 (kha) "evaM parAzritatvena vyavahAramokSamArga prokta iti| ""zuddhAtmAzritatvena nizcaya mokSamArgo jnyaatvyH|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 276-277 2. svAtmA kA zraddhAna, svAtmA kA jJAna tathA svAtmalInatArUpa cAritra AtmAzrita ( AtmaviSayaka ) bhAva haiM tathA jIvAdi kA zraddhAna, jIvAdi kA jJAna evaM jIvarakSAdirUpa cAritra parAzrita ( paradravyaviSayaka ) bhAva haiN| 3. "yo hi parAtmanorniyatasvalakSaNavibhAgapAtinyA prajJayA jJAnI syAt sa khalvekaM cinmAnaM ___bhAvamAtmIyaM jAnAti zeSAMzca sarvAneva bhAvAn parakIyAn jaanaati|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 300 4. "jIvAdajIvamiti lakSaNato vibhinnm|" vahI/kalaza, 43 5. "vytikiirnnvstuvyaavRttiheturlkssnnm|" nyAyadIpikA, 1/3 6. "kiM lakkhaNam ? jassAbhAve davvassAbhAvo hodi taM tassa lakkhaNaM, jahA poggaladavvassa rUvarasagaMdhaphAsA, jIvassa uvjogo|" dhavalA 7/2, 1, 55

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18 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana atirikta pudgalAdi zeSa dravyoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA, jisake kAraNa jIva pudgalAdi dravyoM se bhinna siddha hotA hai, jisake abhAva meM jIva kI sattA nahIM rahatI tathA jo jIva ke darzanajJAnAdi samasta guNoM evaM deva-manuSyAdi sabhI paryAyoM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| ata: yaha jIva kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai| jIva meM anya bhAva bhI dikhAI dete haiM, jaise zarIra, pudgalakarma, moharAgAdi tathA kevalajJAnAdi, kintu ye jIva kI sabhI avasthAoM meM vidyamAna nahIM hote tathA inake abhAva meM jIva kA abhAva nahIM hotaa| udAharaNArtha, manuSyAdi zarIra evaM moharAgAdi bhAva jIva kI saMsAra paryAya meM hI upalabdha hote haiM, muktaparyAya meM nahIM, phira bhI muktaparyAya meM jIva kA astitva dekhA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kevalajJAnAdi kA muktaparyAya meM hI sadbhAva hotA hai, saMsAraparyAya meM nahIM, tathApi saMsAraparyAya meM jIva kI sattA vidyamAna rahatI hai| ata: ye padArtha jIva ke pratiniyata lakSaNa siddha nahIM hote| isalie inheM jIva saMjJA nahIM dI jA sktii| ekamAtra zuddhacaitanyabhAva hI jIva kA pratiniyata lakSaNa siddha hotA hai, ata: usI kI jIva saMjJA hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa AcArya amRtacandra ne nimnalikhita vyAkhyAna meM kiyA hai - ___ "Atmano hi samastazeSadravyAsAdhAraNatvAccaitanyaM svlkssnnm| tattu pravartamAnaM yadyadabhivyApya pravartate, nivartamAnaM ca yadyadupAdAya nivartate tatsamastamapi sahapravRttaM kramapravRttaM vA paryAyajAtamAtmeti lakSaNIyaM tadekalakSaNalakSyatvAt samastasahakramapravRttAnantaparyAyAvinAbhAvitvAccaitanyasya cinmAtra evAtmA nizcetavya iti yAvat / " / arthAt apane atirikta samasta zeSa dravyoM meM upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa 'caitanya' AtmA kA svalakSaNa hai| vaha apane samasta guNa-paryAyoM meM vyApta hotA hai| caitanyasvabhAvAtmaka hone ke kAraNa hI ve samasta guNa aura paryAyeM AtmA ke gaNa-paryAyoM ke rUpa meM pahacAnI jAtI haiN| ata: una samasta guNaparyAyoM ke samUha ko AtmA samajhanA caahiye| cU~ki caitanyabhAva kA astitva guNaparyAyoM ke rUpa meM hI hotA hai, ata: AtmA cinmAtra hI hai aisA nizcaya karanA caahie| isI prakAra apane gaNarUpa vizeSa-svabhAvoM meM asAdhAraNadharma ke rUpa se vyApta honA mUlasvabhAva kA lakSaNa hai| svabhAvabheda yA pradezabheda maulika bheda kA lakSaNa hai aura svabhAvoM yA pradezoM kI abhinnatA maulika abheda kaa| ina niyata svalakSaNoM ke dvArA nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke viSayoM ko saralatayA pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 294 2. "pavibhattapadesattaM pudhttmidi|" pravacanasAra, 2/14 ___ "pravibhaktapradezatvaM hi pRthaktvasya lakSaNam / " vahI/tattvadIpikA, 2/14 3. "tadbhAvo hyekatvasya lkssnnm|" vahI/tattvadIpikA, 2/14

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nizcayanaya / 19 mUlapadArthAvalambinI ( dravyArthika ) dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA nirNaya samayasAra kI TIkA meM AcArya amRtacandra ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki jaba hama jIva aura pudgala kI anAdi saMyogaparyAya ko eka padArtha ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM taba jIva manuSyAdirUpa bhI dikhAI detA hai, Asravamaya ( rAgadveSamohamaya ) bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai, puNyamaya ( zubhabhAvamaya ) bhI pratIta hotA hai, pApamaya ( azubhabhAvamaya ) bhI parilakSita hotA hai, bandhamaya ( karmabaddha ) bhI dRSTi meM AtA hai, saMvararUpa ( rAgadveSamohAbhAvarUpa ) bhI dikhAI detA hai, nirjarArUpa ( zuddhopayogarUpa ) bhI anubhava meM AtA hai aura mokSamaya ( karmamukta ) bhI ghaTita hotA hai| isa prakAra paryAyAzrita vyavahAranaya se dekhane para jIva kI saptatattvAtmaka yA navapadArthAtmaka avasthAe~ bhUtArtha siddha hotI haiN| kintu jaba ekamAtra jIvadravyarUpa mUlapadArtha ko dRSTi meM rakhakara avalokana karate haiM taba jIva caitanyabhAvamAtra pratIta hotA hai, usakI saptatattvAtmaka yA navapadArtharUpa avasthAe~ anubhava meM nahIM aatiiN| ata: nizcayanaya se avalokana karane para ye abhUtArtha siddha hotI haiN| 2 / / ___ anyatra bhI ve kahate haiM ki jo yaha svata:siddha hone ke kAraNa anAdiananta nityaprakAzamAna vizadajyoti jJAyakarUpa eka padArtha hai vaha saMsArAvasthA meM anAdi bandhaparyAya kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para karmapudgaloM ke sAtha kSIranIravat abhinna dikhAI detA hai, kintu jaba dravyasvabhAva kI apekSA vicAra karate haiM taba pratIta hotA hai ki karmodayavaza jo zubhAzubhabhAva utpanna hote haiM, jJAyakabhAva unake rUpa meM parivartita nahIM hotA, jJAyaka hI banA rahatA hai| ata: samasta zeSa dravyoM se sadA bhinna bane rahane ke kAraNa use ( jJAyakarUpa AtmA ko ) zuddha kahA jAtA hai|' isa prakAra mUlapadArthAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi jIva ko pudgalasaMyoga se alaga kara mUlarUpa meM dekhatI hai aura taba isa nizcaya para pahu~catI hai ki jIva saptatattvAtmaka yA navapadArthAtmaka avasthAoM se sadA alaga rahanevAlA cinmAtra tattva hai| 1. 'navapadArtharUpeNa vrtnaanvaarthH|' paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA, gAthA 71-72 2. 'bahirdRSTyA navatattvAnyamUni jIvapudgalayoranAdibandhaparyAyamupetyaikatvenAnubhUyamAnatAyAM bhuutaarthaani| atha caikjiivdrvysvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthaani| tato'mISu nava tattveSu bhUtArthanayenaiko jIva eva prdyotte|' samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 13 / 3. 'yo hi nAma svata:siddhatvenAnAdirananto nityodyotovizadajyotirjAyaka ekobhAvaH sa saMsArAvasthAyAmanAdibandhaparyAyanirUpaNayA kSIrodakavat karmapudgalaiH samamekatve'pi dravyasvabhAvanirUpaNayA durantakaSAyacakrodayavaicitryavazena pravartamAnAnAM puNyapApanirvartakAnAmpAttavaizvarUpyANAM zubhAzubhabhAvAnAM svabhAvenApariNamanAt pramatto'pramattazca na bhavatyeSa evAzeSadravyAntarabhAvebhyo bhinnatvenopAsyamAnaH zuddha itybhilpyet|' vahI/gAthA, 6

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20 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana mUlapadArthAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se avalokana karane para AtmA kA abaddhaspRSTa, ananya, niyata, avizeSa aura asaMyukta rUpa bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - jo passadi appANaM abaddhapuDhe aNaNNayaM NiyadaM / avisesamasaMjuttaM taM suddhaNayaM viyANIhi / / ' arthAt jisa dRSTi se dekhane para AtmA abaddhaspRSTa ( karmoM se abaddha ) ananya, niyata, avizeSa aura asaMyukta dikhAI detA hai vaha dRSTi zuddhanaya hai| isakI vyAkhyA AcArya amRtacandra ne isa prakAra kI hai : jaba AtmA ko anAdi karmabaddha paryAya kI ora se dekhate haiM taba usakI karmabaddhatA yathArtha pratIta hotI hai, kintu jaba usake usa caitanyasvabhAva para dhyAna dete haiM jo pudagala ke jar3asvabhAva se sadA achUtA rahatA hai taba karmabaddhatA asatya siddha hotI hai| jisa samaya AtmA ko deva, manuSya, nAraka Adi paryAyoM ke pakSa se anubhava karate haiM usa samaya AtmA ke vibhinna rUpa satya Thaharate haiM, kintu jaba una paryAyoM meM vyApta eka caitanyasvabhAva para dRSTi DAlate haiM taba vibhinna rUpa mithyA siddha hote haiN| jaba guNoM kI hInAdhika abhivyaktirUpa vRddhihAniparyAya kI dizA se AtmA kA avalokana kiyA jAtA hai taba usakA aniyatatva bhUtArtha pratIta hotA hai, parantu jaba sadA vyavasthita ( eka hI sthiti meM ) rahane vAle caitanyasvabhAva kI ora unmukha hokara nirIkSaNa karate haiM taba abhUtArtha ThaharatA hai|' jisa samaya caitanyasAmAnya ke jJAnadarzanAdi vizeSoM kI ora dRSTi karake dekhate haiM usa samaya AtmA kA savizeSatva vAstavika siddha hotA hai, kintu jaba jJAnadarzanAdi vizeSoM meM vyApta caitanya rUpa mUlasvabhAva para dRSTi DAlI jAtI hai taba savizeSatva abhUtArtha pramANita hotA hai| 1. samayasAra/gAthA, 14 2. "tathAtmano'nAdibaddhaspRSTatvaparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAM baddhaspRSTatvaM bhUtArthamapyekAntataH pudglaaspRshymaatmsvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthm|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 14 3. "tathAtmano nArakAdiparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAmanyatvaM bhUtArthamapi sarvato'pyaskhalantameka maatmsvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthm|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 14 4. "tathAtmano vRddhihAniparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAmaniyatatvaM bhUtArthamapi nityavyavasthitA tmaasvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthm|' vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 14 . 5. "tathAtmano jJAnadarzanAdiparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAM vizeSatvaM bhUtArthamapi pratyastamitasamasta vishessmaatmsvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthm|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 14

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nizcayanaya / 21 jaba AtmA ko karmanimittaka moharAgAtmaka paryAya ke dvArA anubhava karate haiM taba usakA moharAgAdi se saMyukta honA vAstavika siddha hotA hai, parantu jaba svata:siddha caitanyasvabhAva ko dRSTi meM rakhakara vicAra karate haiM taba vaha asatya ThaharatA hai / ' mUlasvabhAvAvalambinI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA nirNaya 2 AtmA ke darzana, jJAna, cAritrAdi guNoM yA vizeSasvabhAvoM meM usakA zuddha caitanyarUpa asAdhAraNa svabhAva hI samAyA hotA hai, isalie ve saba caitanyasvabhAvAtmaka haiN| isI kAraNa darzanajJAnAdi guNa AtmA ke asAdhAraNa dharma yA niyatasvalakSaNa siddha hote haiN| isa prakAra zuddha caitanyabhAva hI AtmA kA mUla svabhAva hai| ataH mUlasvabhAvAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se dekhane para AtmA zuddhacaitanyarUpa ekasvabhAvavAlA dikhAI detA hai, darzanajJAnAdirUpa vizeSasvabhAvAtmakatA yA anekasvabhAvAtmakatA asatya ThaharatI hai| isIlie AcArya zrI kundakunda ne pUrvoddhRta gAthA meM kahA hai ki jisa dRSTi meM AtmA avizeSa ( darzanajJAnAdi vizeSoM se rahita ) arthAt zuddhacaitanyarUpa ekasvabhAvAtmaka dikhAI detA hai, vahI nizcayadRSTi hai| isa mUlasvabhAvAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa karake hI AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai " ekazcitaH cinmaya eva bhAvo / " - caitanya ( AtmA ) kA to eka cinmayasvabhAva hI hai| maulika bhedAvalambinI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA nirNaya bhinna vastuoM meM jo svabhAvabheda athavA pradezabheda ( sattAbheda ) hotA hai vaha maulikabheda kA lakSaNa hai / jahA~ svabhAvabheda hai vahA~ pradezabheda avazyambhAvI hai, jahA~ pradezabheda hai vahA~ svabhAvabheda anivArya hai| isa maulika bheda kA avalambana karanevAlI nizcayadRSTi ( nizcayanaya ) kA anusaraNa karate hue jinendradeva ne paradravya aura AtmA meM sabhI prakAra ke sambandhoM kA niSedha kiyA hai, jaisA ki AcArya amRtacandra ke nimnalikhita zabdoM se spaSTa hai 1. "tathAtmanaH karmapratyayamohasamAhitatvaparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAM saMyuktatvaM bhUtArthamapyekAntataH svyNbodhbiijsvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthm|" -- samayasAra/AtmakhyAti / gAthA, 14 2. " cetanAyA darzanajJAnavikalpAnatikramaNAccetayitRtvamiva draSTRtvaM jJAtRtvaM cAtmanaH svalakSaNameva / " vahI / gAthA, 298 - 299 3. vahI / gAthA, 14 4. vahI / kalaza, 184

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22 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana "nAsti sarvo'pi sambandha: prdrvyaatmtttvyoH|" "sarvadravyANAM paraiH saha tattvata: smbndhshuunytvaat|' samayasAra kI TIkA meM AcArya amRtacandra jI batalAte haiM ki eka vastu kA dUsarI vastu se koI sambandha nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM ke pradeza bhinna-bhinna hote haiM, isalie unakI eka sattA nahIM ho sakatI arthAt do vastue~ milakara eka vastu nahIM bana sktiiN| jinakA svabhAva alaga-alaga hotA hai unakA astitva bhI alagaalaga hotA hai arthAt ve alaga-alaga vastue~ hotI haiM : "svabhAvabhedAcca vastubheda eveti|"" koI vastu svatantra vastu hai, isakA nizcaya tabhI hotA hai jaba usameM apane svarUpa kI sattA tathA anya ke svarUpa kI asattA ( abhAva ) siddha ho : svarUpapararUpasattA'sattAbhyAmekasya vastuno nishciiymaantvaat|"5 zarIra aura AtmA meM ekatva kA niSedha maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne adholikhita gAthA meM zarIra aura AtmA ke ekatva kA niSedha kiyA hai - vavahAraNayo bhAsadi jIvo deho ya havadi khalu ikko / Na du Nicchayassa jIvo deho ya kadAvi ekaTTho / / arthAt vyavahAranaya ( saMzleSasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ) ke anusAra kahA jAtA hai ki jIva aura deha eka haiM, kintu nizcayanaya ( maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ) se dekhA jAya to jIva aura deha kabhI eka padArtha nahIM ho skte| isa gAthA ke bhAva ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM : jaise galAkara mizrita kiye gae sone aura cA~dI ke piNDa meM eka padArtha kA vyavahAra hotA hai vaise hI AtmA aura zarIra eka kSetra meM rahate haiM, isalie vyavahAramAtra se unheM eka kahA jAtA hai, nizcayanaya se nhiiN| nizcayanaya se dekhane para arthAt svabhAvagata bhinnatA para dhyAna dene se jJAta hotA hai ki sonA pItavarNa hai aura cA~dI shvetvrnn| isa prakAra donoM ke svabhAvoM meM atyanta bhinnatA hai, ata: unakA eka padArtha honA siddha nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra AtmA aura zarIra ke svabhAvagatabheda para dRSTipAta karane 1. samayasAra/kalaza, 200 2. pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA, 3/4 3. "na khalvekasya dvitIyamasti dvyobhinnprdeshtvenaiksttaanupptteH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 181-183 4. vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 181-183 5. vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 201-202 6. vahI/gAthA, 27

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nizcayanaya / 23 se pratIta hotA hai ki AtmA cetanasvabhAva hai aura zarIra jdd'svbhaav| ata: donoM ke svabhAvoM meM atyanta bheda hone se unakA ekavastutva ghaTita nahIM hotaa| isalie unameM bhinnatva hI hai| AtmA aura karma meM baddhatva yA saMzleSa kA niSedha maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anugamana karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne AtmA ke karmabaddha yA karmasaMzliSTa hone kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai - jIve kammaM baddhaM puTuM cedi vavahAraNayabhaNidaM / / suddhaNayassa du jIve abaddhapuDhe havai kammaM / ' amRtacandra sUri ne isa gAthA ke bhAva ko nimnalikhita zabdoM meM samajhAyA hai, "jIva aura pudgalakarma kI saMyukta bandhaparyAya para dRSTi DAlane se ve abhinna dikhAI dete haiN| isalie vyavahAranaya ( saMzleSasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ) kA anusaraNa karate hue kahA jAtA hai ki jIva meM karma baddhaspRSTa haiN| kintu jaba unake bhinnavastutva para dRSTipAta kiyA jAtA hai taba ve eka dUsare se bilkula pRthak dikhAI dete haiN| taba nizcayanaya ( maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ) kA anugamana karate hue kahA jAtA hai ki jIva meM karma abaddhaspRSTa haiN|"3 isa prakAra AcArya kundakunda ne nizcayanaya ke avalambana dvArA AtmA ke karmabaddha hone kA niSedha kara AtmA kI sattA meM paradravya kI sattA ke abhAva kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| jIva aura pudgalakarma ke parasparAvagAharUpa saMzleSasambandha ko hI bandha kahate haiN| ata: nizcayanaya se baddhatva kA niSedha nizcayanaya se saMzleSasambandha kA 1. "iha khalu parasparAvagADhAvasthAyAmAtmazarIrayoH samAvartitAvasthAyAM kanakakaladhautayo rekaskandhavyavahAravad vyavahAramAtreNaivaikatvaM na punrnishcytH| nizcayato hyAtmazarIrayorupayogAnupayogasvabhAvayoH kanakakaladhautayoH pItapANDuratvAdisvabhAvayorivAtyantavyatiriktatvenaikArthatvAnupapatte: nAnAtvamevetyevaM kila nyvibhaagH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 27 2. vahI/gAthA, 141 3. "jIvapudgalakarmaNorekabandhaparyAyatvena tadAtve vyatirekAbhAvAjjIve baddhaspRSTaM kameMti vyvhaarnypkssH| jIvapudgalakarmaNoranekadravyatvenAtyantavyatirekAjjIve'baddhaspRSTaM karmeti nishcynypkssH|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 141 4. "evaM jIvapudgalayoH parasparAvagAhalakSaNasambandhAtmA bandhaH siddhyet|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 69-70

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24 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana niSedha hai| vyavahAranaya ( saMzleSasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ) se saMzleSasambandha ko vAstavika batalAyA gayA hai|' para ke sAtha svasvAmisambandha kA niSedha maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue jinendradeva ne saMsArI jIva meM dikhAI denevAle zarIra ke varNAdi bhAvoM tathA pudgalakarmanimittaka rAgAdibhAvoM ke sAtha jIva ke svasvAmisambandha kA niSedha kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda isa para prakAza DAlate hue kahate haiM : "yadyapi arahantadeva ne jIva meM bandhaparyAya se avasthita karma yA nokarma ( zarIra ) ke varNa ko dekhakara AdhArAdheyasambandha ke kAraNa 'yaha jIva kA varNa hai' aisA upacAra se prajJApita kiyA hai, tathApi ( maulikabhedAvalambI ) nizcayanaya se vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki jIva nitya amUrta svabhAvavAlA hai evaM upayoga guNa ( caitanyasvabhAva ) ke kAraNa zeSa samasta dravyoM se bhinna hai, ata: usake koI varNa nahIM hai| isI prakAra gandha, rasa, sparza, rUpa, deha tathA saMsthAna Adi ko bhI nizcayadraSTA RSi ( upacArAvalambI ) vyavahAranaya se jIva kA kahate haiM, ( maulikaabhedAvalambI) nizcayanaya se nhiiN| nizcayanaya se inheM jIva kA kyoM nahIM kahA jA sakatA, isakA vyAkhyAna kundakundadeva ne isa prakAra kiyA hai - ___ "varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, rUpa, zarIra, saMsthAna, saMhanana, rAga, dveSa, moha, mithyAtvAdi pratyaya, karma, nokarma, varga, vargaNA, sparddhaka, adhyAtmasthAna, anubhAgasthAna, yogasthAna, bandhasthAna, udayasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, sthitibandhasthAna, saMkleza 1. "nanu varNAdayo bahiraGgAstatra vyavahAreNa kSIranIravat saMzleSasambandho bhavatu / " samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 57 2. ( ka ) paMthe mussaMtaM passidUNa logA bhaNaMti vavahArI / mussadi eso paMtho Na ya paMtho mussade koI / / taha jIve kammANaM NokammANaM ca passiduM vaNNaM / jIvassa esa vaNNo jiNehiM vavahArado utto / / gaMdharasaphAsarUvA deho saMThANamAiyA je ya / savve vavahArassa ya NicchayadaNhU vavadisaMti / / samayasAra/gAthA, 58-60 ( kha ) 'tathA jIve bandhaparyAyeNAvasthitaM karmaNo nokarmaNo vA varNamutprekSya tAtsthyAtta dupacAreNa jIvasyaiSa varNa iti vyavahArato'rhadevAnAM prajJApane'pi na nizcayato nityamevAmUrtasvabhAvasyopayogaguNAdhikasya jIvasya kazcidapi vrnno'sti|' vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 58-60

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nizcayanaya / 25 sthAna, vizuddhisthAna, saMyamalabdhisthAna, jIvasthAna aura guNasthAna ye sabhI pudgala ke pariNAma ( pudgalakarmanimittaka ) haiM / ataH caitanyalakSaNa se zUnya hone ke kAraNa inake sAtha jIva kA tAdAtmyasambandha nahIM hai arthAt jIva tadrUpa ( varNAdirUpa ) nahIM hai| isalie inheM nizcayanaya se jIva kA nahIM kahA jA sktaa|' ,1 tAdAtmyasambandha ke lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM: "jo dharma vastu kI sabhI avasthAoM meM vyApta hotA hai, koI bhI avasthA jisakI vyApti se rahita nahIM hotI, usake sAtha vastu kA tAdAtmyasambandha hotA hai / varNAdibhAva jIva kI saMsArAvasthA meM vyApta hote haiM, kintu mokSAvasthA unakI vyApti se zUnya hotI hai, isalie varNAdi ke sAtha jIva kA tAdAtmyasambandha kisI bhI prakAra nahIM hai| "" AcArya kundakunda evaM AcArya amRtacandra batalAte haiM ki varNAdibhAvoM ke sAtha jIva kA vaisA hI ekakSetrAvagAha ( saMzleSa ) sambandha hai jaisA dUdha aura pAnI kA hotA hai| jaisA agni kA uSNatA ke sAtha tAdAtmyasambandha hotA hai arthAt jaise agni uSNatArUpa hI hotI hai vaisA tAdAtmyasambandha varNAdi ke sAtha jIva kA nahIM hai| kyoMki jIva apane caitanyarUpa prativiziSTa svabhAva ke kAraNa anya samasta dravyoM se bhinna hai| isalie varNAdibhAva jIva ke nahIM haiM arthAt varNAdi bhAvoM kA 1. samayasAra / gAthA, 50-55 2. "yatkila sarvAsvapyavasthAsu yadAtmakatvena vyAptaM bhavati tadAtmakatvavyAptizUnyaM na bhavati tasya taiH saha tAdAtmyalakSaNaH sambandhaH syAt / tataH sarvAsvapyavasthAsu varNAdyAtmakatvavyAptasya bhavato, varNAdyAtmakatvavyAptizUnyasyAbhavatazca pudgalasya varNAdibhiH saha tAdAtmyalakSaNaH sambandhaH syAt / saMsArAvasthAyAM kathaJcid varNAdyAtmakatvavyAptasya bhavato varNAdyAtmakatvavyAptizUnyasyAbhavatazcApi mokSAvasthAyAM sarvathA varNAdyAtmakatvavyAptizUnyasya bhavato varNAdyAtmakatvavyAptasyAbhavatazca jIvasya varNAdibhiH saha tAdAtmyalakSaNaH sambandho na kathaJcanApi syAt / " vahI / AtmakhyAti / gAthA, 61 3. ( ka ) eehiM ya saMbaMdho jaheva khIrodayaM muNedavvo / Naya huMti tassa tANi du uvaogaguNAdhigo jamhA / / vahI / gAthA, 57 ( kha ) "varNAdipudgaladravyapariNAmamizritasyAsyAtmana: pudgaladravyeNa saha parasparAvagAhalakSaNe sambandhe satyapi svalakSaNabhUtopayogaguNavyApyatayA sarvadravyebhyo'dhikatvena pratIyamAnatvAd agneruSNaguNeneva saha tAdAtmyalakSaNasambandhAbhAvAnna nizcayena varNAdipudgalapariNAmAH jIvasya santi / " vahI / AtmakhyAti / gAthA, 57

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26 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana nAma jIva nahIM hai| rAgAdibhAva bhI jIva kI saMsArAvasthA meM hI vyApta hote haiM, mokSAvasthA unakI vyApti se rahita hotI hai| isalie unake sAtha bhI jIva kA tAdAtmyasambandha nahIM hotaa| ata: rAgAdibhAva bhI jIva ke bhAva nahIM haiM, arthAt jIva nahIM haiN| AcArya kundakunda kA kathana hai ki varNAdi se lekara guNasthAnaparyanta jina bhAvoM kA pUrva meM kathana kiyA gayA hai ve siddhAntagranthoM meM ( upacArAvalambI ) vyavahAranaya se jIva ke bhAva kahe gaye haiM, ( maulikaabhedAvalambI ) nizcayanaya se nhiiN|' ise AcArya amRtacandra ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai, "vyavahAranaya paryAyAzrita hai| isalie vaha jIva kI pudgalasaMyoga se siddha anAdi bandhaparyAya ke aupAdhika ( naimittika ) bhAvoM kA avalambana kara pravRtta hotA hai| ata: vaha anya ke bhAvoM ko anya kA batalAtA hai| kintu nizcayanaya dravya para Azrita hotA hai| phalasvarUpa vaha kevala jIva ke svAbhAvika bhAva ke Azraya se pravRtta hotA hai, isalie anya ke bhAva ko anya kA bhAva batalAye jAne kA niSedha karatA hai|" svabhAvabheda ke kAraNa jinakI sattA hI jIva se sadA pRthak rahatI hai ve na to jIva ke sva ho sakate haiM. na jIva unakA svaamii| jinendradeva ne nizcayanaya se svaguNaparyAyoM ke sAtha hI jIva kA svasvAmisambandha batalAyA hai, kyoMki svadharmoM meM hI jIva kA svabhAva vidyamAna rahatA hai, jisake kAraNa unakI sattA jIva kI 1. 'tato na varNAdayo jIva iti nishcysiddhaantH|' samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA,65-66 2. ( ka ) 'rAgadveSamoha"guNasthAnAnyapi "jIvasya sarvANyapi na santi tAdAtmyalakSaNa smbndhaabhaavaat|' vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 58-60 ( kha ) "evaM rAgadveSamohalabdhisthAnAnyapi pudgalakarmapUrvakatve sati nityamacetana tvAt pudgala eva na tu jIva iti svymaayaatm| tato rAgAdayo bhAvA na jIva iti siddhm|' vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 68 3. vavahAreNa du ede jIvassa havaMti vaNNamAdIyA / guNaThANaMtA bhAvA Na du keI NicchayaNayassa / / vahI/gAthA, 56 4. 'iha hi vyavahAranayaH kila paryAyAzritatvAjjIvasya pudgalasaMyogavazAdanAdiprasiddha bandhaparyAyasya kusumbharaktasya kArpAsikavAsasa ivaupAdhikaM bhAvamavalambyotplavamAna: parabhAva parasya viddhaati| nizcayanayastu dravyAzritatvAt kevalasya jIvasya svAbhAvikaM bhAvamavalambyotplavamAnaH parabhAvaM parasya sarvameva prtissedhyti| tato vyavahAreNa varNAdayo guNasthAnAntA bhAvA jIvasya santi, nizcayena tu na santIti yuktA prjnyptiH|' ___ vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 56 5. 'yo hi yasya svo bhAva: sa tasya svaH, sa tasya svaamiiti|' __ vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 207

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nizcayanaya / 27 sattA se abhinna hotI hai| yaha bAta AcArya amRtacandra ne nimnoddhRta vyAkhyAna meM spaSTa kI hai - "jise paradravya aura AtmA ke niyata svalakSaNoM kI bhinnatA kA jJAna hotA hai vahI jJAnI eka cinmAtrabhAva ko apanA samajhatA hai, zeSa samasta bhAvoM ko praayaa| aisA jAnate hue vaha parabhAvoM ko 'ye mere haiM' yaha kaise kaha sakatA hai ? para aura AtmA meM nizcayanaya ( maulika bheda kI dRSTi ) se svasvAmisambandha nahIM hai| isaliye cidbhAva hI sarvathA grAhya hai, zeSa sabhI bhAva tyAjya haiN|' paradravya ke sAtha jIva ke svasvAmisambandha kA nizcayanaya se abhAva pratipAdita karane ke lie kundakundadeva ne eka sundara yukti dI hai| ve kahate haiM : "aisA kauna jJAnI hogA jo yaha kahe ki yaha paradravya merA dravya hai ? jJAnI to nizcitarUpa se nijAtmA ko hI apanA parigraha ( sva ) mAnatA hai| vaha socatA hai ki yadi jar3a paradravya merA parigraha ho to usase mere abhinna ( tadrUpa ) hone kA prasaMga AyegA, jisase maiM bhI jar3a tthhruuNgaa| kintu maiM to jJAtA hU~, isalie jar3a dravya merA parigraha ( sva ) nahIM hai| merI apanI vastu to ekamAtra jJAyakabhAva hai| vahI merA sva hai, usI kA maiM svAmI haiN|"" jIva ko apane niyatasvalakSaNa ke dvArA yaha nirNaya karanA cAhiye ki mere bhItara jo yaha caitanyabhAva hai vahI nizcayanaya se maiM huuN| isake atirikta jitane bhI bhinna lakSaNa vAle bhAva mujhameM dikhAI dete haiM ve mujhase bhinna tattva haiM, maiM nahIM huuN|"5 yahI bAta AcArya amRtacandra ne nimnalikhita kAvya meM kahI hai - 1. "yo hi parAtmanorniyatasvalakSaNavibhAgapAtinyA prajJayA jJAnI syAt sa khalvekaM cinmAnaM bhAvamAtmIyaM jAnAti zeSAMzca sarvAneva bhAvAn parakIyAn jaanaati| evaM ca jAnan kathaM parabhAvAn mamAmI iti brUyAt parAtmanonizcayena svasvAmisambandhasyAsambhavAt ? ataH sarvathA cidbhAva eva gRhItavyaH, zeSAH sarve eva bhAvAH prahAtavyA iti siddhaantH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 300 2. ko NAma bhaNijja buho paradavvaM mama imaM havadi davvaM / appANamappaNo pariggahaM tu NiyadaM viyANaMto / / samayasAra/gAthA, 207 3. majjhaM pariggaho jai tado ahamajIvadaM tu gacchejja / NAdeva ahaM jahmA tahmA Na pariggaho majjha / / vahI/gAthA 208 4. "mama tu eko jJAyaka eva bhAva: ya: sva: asyaivAhaM svaamii|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 208 5. paNNAe ghittavvo jo cedA so ahaM tu Nicchayado / avasesA je bhAvA te majjha pare tti NAyavvA / / samayasAra/gAthA, 297

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28 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana siddhAnto'yamudAttacittacaritairmokSArthibhiH sevyatAM zuddhaM cinmayamekameva paramaM jyotiH sadaivAsmyaham / ete ye tu samullasanti vividhA bhAvA pRthaglakSaNAH te'haM nAsmi yato'tra te mama paradravyaM samagrA api / / arthAt jinake citta kA caritra udAtta hai una mokSArthiyoM ko yaha siddhAnta gA~Tha meM bA~dhakara rakha lenA cAhiye ki maiM sadaiva eka hI zuddha cinmaya parama jyoti huuN| ye jo pRthak lakSaNavAle anya aneka bhAva mujhameM jhalakate haiM ve maiM nahIM hU~, kyoMki ve saba mujhase bhinna dravya haiN| parabhAva se kartA-karmasambandha kA niSedha dravya kA apanA pariNAma karma kahalAtA hai aura usakA janmadAtA dravya usakA kartA, jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - 'ya: pariNamati sa kartA ya: pariNAmo bhavettu ttkrm|2 tathA ___'nanu pariNAma eva kila karma vinishcyt:|'3 dUsare zabdoM meM, pUrvaparyAyayukta dravya kA nAma kartA hai aura uttaraparyAya se yukta usI dravya kA nAma karma - puvvapariNAmajuttaM kAraNabhAveNa vaTTade davvaM / / uttarapariNAmajudaM taM ciya kajjaM have NiyamA / / kartA-karma ke yahI niyata lakSaNa haiN| ata: kartA-karmabhAva eka hI vastu meM hotA hai| isIlie AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai - vyAvahArikadRzaiva kevalaM kartR karma ca vibhinnamiSyate / / nizcayena yadi vastu cintyate kartR karma casadaikamiSyate / / arthAt vyavahAranaya se hI bhinna vastuoM meM kartAkarmabhAva mAnA jAtA hai| yadi nizcayanaya se vicAra kiyA jAya to sadA eka hI vastu kartA aura karma hotI 1. samayasAra/kalaza, 185 2. vahI/kalaza, 51 3. vahI/kalaza, 211 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA/gAthA, 222 5. samayasAra/kalaza, 210

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nizcayanaya / 29 'tatkartRkarmaghaTanAsti na vstubhede|'' - vastu bheda hone para ( bhinna vastuoM meM ) kartA-karmabhAva sambhava nahIM isalie vastubhedarUpa maulika bheda kA avalambana karane vAlI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue jinendradeva ne jIva aura pudgala meM kartA-karmabhAva kA niSedha kiyA hai, jise AcArya kundakunda ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA hai - je puggaladavvANaM pariNAmA hoti NANa AvaraNA / __Na karedi tANi AdA jo jANadi so havadi NANI / / 2 / - pudagala dravya ke jo jJAnAvaraNAdi pariNAma hote haiM unakA kartA AtmA nahIM hai, yaha jo jAnatA hai vaha jJAnI hai| jIvo Na karedi ghaDaM Neva paDaM Neva sesage davve / / joguvaogA uppAdagA ya tesiM havadi kattA / / -jIva na ghaTa kA kartA hai, na paTa kA, na anya dravyoM kaa| usake yoga aura upayoga inake nimittakartA hote haiN| ina yoga aura upayoga kA hI jIva kadAcit ( ajJAnAvasthA meM ) kartA hotA hai| jIvapariNAmahe, kammattaM puggalA pariNamaMti / puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvo vi pariNamai / / Na vi kuNai kammaguNe jIvo kammaM taheva jIvaguNe / aNNoNNaNimitteNa du pariNAma jANa dolampi / / -jIva ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM ke nimitta se pudgala dravya karmarUpa meM pariNamita ho jAtA hai aura pudgala karmoM ke nimitta se jIva rAgadveSamoharUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai| kintu, na to jIva se pudgalakarmoM kI utpatti hotI hai, na pudgalakarmoM se jIva ke rAgadveSamoha-pariNAmoM kii| padagaladravya se hI pudgalakarma utpanna hote haiM aura moharAgadveSa kI utpatti jIva se hI hotI hai| jIva aura pudgala ina kAryoM meM kevala eka-dUsare ke nimitta banate haiN| AcArya amRtacandra isa tathya ko isa prakAra spaSTa karate haiM - jaise miTTI se miTTI ke svabhAvavAlA kalaza hI utpanna ho sakatA hai, vaise hI jIva se jIva 1. samayasAra/kalaza, 201 2. vahI/gAthA, 101 3. vahI/gAthA, 100 4. vahI/gAthA, 80-81

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30 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ke svabhAvavAle kArya kI hI utpatti sambhava hai| isalie jIva svapariNAma kA hI kartA hai| kintu, jaise miTTI se bhinnasvabhAvavAlA vastra utpanna nahIM ho sakatA vaise hI jIva se pudgala ke svabhAvavAlA kArya utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| isase siddha hai ki jIva pudgala ke bhAvoM kA kartA kadApi nahIM hai| ata: yaha sthita hotA hai ki jIva kA svapariNAmoM ke sAtha hI kartAkarmabhAva aura bhoktAbhogyabhAva hai|' yataH eka hI vastu meM kartA-karmabhAva hotA hai ata: maulika-abhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue jinendradeva ne AtmA ko AtmabhAva ( svapariNAma ) kA hI kartA aura bhoktA batalAyA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke zabdoM meM - NicchayaNayassa evaM AdA appANameva hi karedi / vedayati puNo taM ceva jANa attA du attANaM / / -( karttAkarmAdi ke niyata svalakSaNa kA anusaraNa karanevAlI ) nizcayadRSTi se dekhane para yaha nizcaya hotA hai ki AtmA AtmabhAva kA hI kartA hai aura AtmabhAva kA hI bhoktaa| paradravya se bhoktAbhogyasambandha kA niSedha svabhAvabheda kI apekSA se hI kevalIbhagavAn ne cetana-acetana paradravya ke sAtha jIva ke bhoktA-bhogyasambandha kA niSedha kiyA hai| jIva cetana hai pudgala acetn| cetana ko acetana kA sparza nahIM ho sakatA ( usameM vyApta nahIM ho sakatA ), taba bhoga kaise sambhava hai ? pradezabheda ke kAraNa eka jIva dUsare jIva kA bhI sparza nahIM kara sakatA, isalie cetana ke dvArA cetana paradravya kA bhI bhoga sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi AtmA ko paradravyabhoktA ke rUpa meM nahIM paatii| svabhAva ke sAtha hI jIva kA tAdAtmya hotA hai aura usI kA bhoga sambhava hotA hai, jaisA ki kahA gayA hai : "jIvasya svapariNAmaireva saha kartRkarmabhAvo bhoktbhogybhaavshc|" ata: mukta jIva apane svabhAvottha atIndriya sukha kA bhoga 1. "mRttikayA kalazasyeva svena bhAvena svasya bhAvasya karaNAjjIvaH svabhAvasya kartA kadAcit syaat| mRttikayA vasanasyeva svena bhAvena parabhAvasya kartumazakyatvAt pudgalabhAvAnAM tu kartA na kadAcidapi syAditi nishcyH| tataH sthitametajjIvasya svapariNAmaireva saha kartRkarmabhAvo bhoktbhogybhaavshc|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 80-82. 2. vahI/gAthA, 83 3. vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 80-82 .

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nizcayanaya / 31 karatA hai tathA saMsArI jIva zubhAzubha karma tathA iSTAniSTa indriyaviSayoM ke nimitta se honevAle apane sukha-duHkharUpa pariNAmoM kA vedana karatA hai| isalie jIva maulika-abhedAvalambI nizcayanayarUpa pramANaikadeza se nijasvabhAva kA hI bhIktA hai| AcArya kundakunda kI nimnalikhita gAthA isameM pramANa hai - NicchayaNayassa evaM AdA appANameva hi karedi / vedayadi puNo taM ceva jANa attA du attANaM / / ' AcArya jayasena kA bhI aisA hI kathana hai - "zuddhanizcayena zuddhAtmotthavItarAgaparamAnandarUpa-sukhasya tathaivAzuddhanizcayenendriyajanita-sukhaduHkhAnAM bhoktRtvAd bhoktA bhvti|"2 - jIva zuddhanizcayanaya se zuddhAtmA se utpanna vItarAga paramAnandarUpa sukha kA tathA azuddhanizcayanaya se indriyajanita sukha-duHkha kA bhoga karane se bhoktA hai| yadyapi paradravya ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita na hone se AtmA nizcayanaya se usakA bhoktA nahIM hai, tathApi usake nimitta se AtmA kA bhoktAsvabhAva ( sukhaduHkhavedana svabhAva ) pariNamita hotA hai tathA AtmA ke bhoktAsvabhAva ke nimitta se paradravya kA bhogyasvabhAva ( sukhadu:khanimittasvabhAva ) pariNamita hotA hai| ata: isa nimittanaimittika sambandha ke kAraNa upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya se jIva ko paradravya kA bhoktA tathA paradravya ko jIva kA bhogya kahA jAtA hai| para se grahaNa-tyAgasambandha kA niSedha maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA Azraya lekara jinendradeva ne AtmA ko paradravya ke grahaNa-tyAga meM asamartha batalAyA hai jisakA varNana AcArya kundakunda ne isa prakAra kiyA hai - attA jassAmutto Na hu so AhArao havai evaM / AhAro khalu mutto jarA so puggalamao u / / Na vi sakkai ghittuM jaM Na vimottuM jaM ya jaM paradavvaM / so ko vi ya tassa guNo pAugio vissaso vA vi / / 1. samayasAra/gAthA, 83 2. paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 27 3. (ka) "kattA bhottA AdA poggalakammassa hodi vvhaaro|" niyamasAra/gAthA 18 ____ (kha) "vyavahAreNa zubhAzubhakarmasampAditeSTAniSTaviSayANAM bhoktRtvAd bhoktaa|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA, 27

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32 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana tahmA u jo visuddho ceyA so Neva giNhae kiMci / Neva vimuMcai kiMcivi jIvAjIvANa davvANaM / / ' - AtmA AhAraka nahIM hai, kyoMki AhAra pudgalamaya hone se mUrta hai aura AtmA amUrta hai| jo paradravya hai ( jisakI sattA AtmA se pRthak hai ) use grahaNa karane yA chor3ane kI zakti AtmA meM nahIM hai, na svabhAva se, na karmodaya ke prabhAva se| ata: samasta paradravyoM se bhinna hone ke kAraNa AtmA jIva yA ajIva kisI bhI paradravya ko na grahaNa karatA hai, na tyAgatA hai| zrI amRtacandra sUri ne bhI uparyukta nizcayanaya kA anusaraNa karate hue AtmA ko AhArAdi paradravya ke AdAna aura visarjana se zUnya batalAyA hai : anyebhyo vyatiriktamAtmaniyataM bibhratpRthagvastutA mAdAnojjhanazUnyametadamalaM jJAnaM tathAvasthitam / ' - yaha rAgAdimala se rahita jJAnasvarUpa AtmA paradravyoM se bhinna hai, svayaM meM niyata hai tathA pRthak vastutva dhAraNa karatA hai, isalie na to paradravya kA grahaNa karatA hai, na visrjn| nizcayanaya se paradravya kA grahaNa taba kahalAyegA jaba AtmA usase tanmaya ho jAya ( paradravyarUpa ho jAya ), kintu bhinna dravya hone ke kAraNa aisA hotA nahIM hai| isalie maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi use paradravya-grAhaka ke rUpa meM nahIM paatii| paradravya grAhakatva ke abhAva meM paradravya-tyAjakatva kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA tathApi jIva rAgAdi ke vazIbhUta hokara zarIra ke sAtha paradravya kA saMzleSa yA saMyoga hone ke anukUla upayoga ( icchA ) aura tajjanya yoga ( zArIrika vyApAra ko prerita karane vAlI Atmapradeza-parispandarUpa ceSTA ) karatA hai, jisase zarIra ke sAtha icchita padArtha kA saMyoga yA saMzleSa hotA hai| ise hI upacAra se paradravya kA grahaNa kahate haiN| isI prakAra saMzliSTa yA saMyukta padArtha ke viyukta hone-yogya 1. samayasAra/gAthA, 405-407 2. samayasAra/kalaza 235 3. "natvanekadravyatvena tato'nyatve sati tanmayo bhavati tato nimittanaimittikabhAvamAtreNa tatra krtRkrmbhoktbhogytvvyvhaarH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 349-355 4. "yogopayogayostvAtmavikalpavyApArayoH kadAcidajJAnena karaNAdAtmApi krtaastu|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 100 5. "saMzleSarUpeNa vyavahAranayena gRhnnti|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 349-355

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nizcayanaya / 33 yoga aura upayoga karatA hai, jisake nimitta se viyoga ghaTita hotA hai| ise upacAra se paradravya kA tyAga kahate haiN| isa taraha upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi AtmA ko paradravya ke grAhaka aura tyAjaka ke rUpa meM pAtI hai| kintu maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se yaha asatya ThaharatA hai| AtmA kA tAdAtmya svapariNAma ( svaparyAya ) se hotA hai| usI meM vaha pravRtta ( vyApta ) hotA hai aura usI se nivRtta hotA hai| ata: maulika-abhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi meM AtmA svapariNAma ke hI grAhaka aura tyAjaka ke rUpa meM pratibimbita hotA hai| isake anusAra AtmA kI jo paradravyecchArUpa pariNAma meM pravRtti aura usase nivRtti hotI hai unheM upacAra ( upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya ) se paradravya kA grahaNa aura tyAga kahA jAtA hai| paradravya se nimittanaimittikasambandha kA niSedha pudgala karmoM ke nimitta se jIva rAgadveSamoharUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai aura jIva ke rAgadveSamohapariNAma ke nimitta se pudgaladravya karmarUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai| jaba isa bAhya sambandha para dhyAna dete haiM arthAt paradravyasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi se avalokana karate haiM taba jIva aura pudgala ke nimittanaimittika sambandha kI satyatA kA bodha hotA hai| kinta, jaba donoM ke bhinna-bhinna svabhAvoM para dRSTi DAlate haiM arthAt maulika-bhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se dekhate haiM taba nimittanaimittika sambandha kA koI lakSaNa dikhAI nahIM detA, sarvathA asambandha hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| jahA~ svabhAva alaga-alaga dikhAI de rahe hoM, jahA~ pradeza alaga-alaga dikhAI de rahe hoM vahA~ koI sambandha kaise dikhAI de sakatA hai ? isIlie arahantadeva ne paradravya aura AtmA meM kisI bhI prakAra ke sambandha ko nizcayadRSTi se asatya batalAyA hai, jaisA ki AcArya amRtacandra kI adholikhita uktiyoM se spaSTa hai : 'nAstisarvo'pi sambandhaH paradravyAtmatattvayoH' tathA 'ekasya vastuna ihAnyatareNa sArdhaM sambandha eva sakalo'pi yato nissiddhH|" 1. (ka) "nimittanaimittikabhAvamAtrasyApratiSiddhatvAditaretaranimittamAtrIbhavanenaiva dvayorapi prinnaamH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 80-82 (kha) "tadevaM vyavahAranayasamAzrayaNe kAryakAraNabhAvo dviSThaH sambandhaH saMyoga samavAyAdivat pratItisiddhatvAt pAramArthika eva na punaH kalpanAropita: sarvathApyanavadyatvAt / " tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1/7 2. samayasAra/kalaza, 200 3. vahI/kalaza, 201

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34 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana para ke sAtha zeyajJAyakasambandha kA niSedha paradravya aura AtmA bhinna vastue~ haiN| unameM svabhAvabheda hai, pradezabheda hai| isa maulika bheda para dhyAna dene se arthAt maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se dekhane para unameM bhinnatA hI dikhAI detI hai, koI sambandha dikhAI nahIM detaa| isalie jJeyajJAyakasambandha ke bhI dikhAI dene kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - "nAsti sarvo'pi sambandhaH paradravyAtmatattvayoH'' - paradravya aura AtmA meM koI bhI sambandha nahIM hotaa| athavA paradravyoM ko jAnate samaya AtmA paradravyarUpa se pariNamita ( tanmaya ) nahIM hotA, svarUpa meM hI sthita rahatA hai, isalie maulikarUpa se bhinna rahane ke kAraNa maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se unameM jJeyajJAyakarUpa sambandha ghaTita nahIM hotaa| yaha Azaya AcArya jayasena ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA "jJAnaM jJeyaM vastu jAnAti tathApi dhavalakuDye zvetamRttikAvannizcayena tanmayaM na bhvti|"2 "jJAnamAtmA ghaTapaTAdijJeyapadArthasya nizcayena jJAyako na bhavati tanmayo na bhvtiityrthH| tarhi kiM bhavati ? jJAyako jJAyaka eva svasvarUpe tisstthtiityrthH|"3 - jaise canA dIvAra ko sapheda karate hae bhI dIvAra se tanmaya nahIM hotA ( dIvAra meM parivartita nahIM hotA ) isalie dIvAra ko nizcayanaya se sapheda nahIM karatA, vaise hI jJAna jJeya ko jAnatA hai, to bhI usase tanmaya nahIM hotA ( jJeyarUpa meM pariNata nahIM hotA ), isalie use nizcayanaya se nahIM jaantaa| - jJAnasvarUpa AtmA ghaTapaTAdi jJeya padArthoM kA nizcayanaya se jJAyaka nahIM hai, isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vaha unase tanmaya nahIM hotaa| to kyA hotA hai ? jJAyaka jJAyaka hI rahatA hai arthAt apane svarUpa meM sthita rahatA hai| isa prakAra paradravyoM ko jAnate hae bhI AtmA unase bhinna banA rahatA hai, ata: maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se dekhane para unameM jJeyajJAyakasambandha kA abhAva hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| isIlie jinendradeva ne kevalI bhagavAn ke nizcayanaya se sarvajJa hone kA niSedha kiyA hai| kintu jaise darpaNa meM mukhAdi kI chAyA par3atI hai, vaise hI jJAna meM paradravyoM 1. samayasAra/kalaza, 200 2. vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 356-365 3. vahI

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nizcayanaya / 35 ke AkAra pratibimbita hote haiM, jinheM jJeyAkAra kahate haiN| jJeyAkAramaya jJAna ke sAtha AtmA kA tAdAtmya yA abheda hotA hai, isalie usake sAtha AtmA kA sAkSAt jJeyajJAyaka sambandha ghaTita hotA hai| ata: apanI jJeyAkArAtmaka jJAnaparyAya ko jAnane se AtmA ko paradravyoM kA jJAna hotA hai| ise AcArya amRtacandra ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - "nanu kuta Atmano dravyajJAnarUpatvaM dravyANAM ca AtmajJeyarUpatvaM ca ? pariNAmasambandhatvAt / yataH khalu AtmadravyANi ca pariNAmaiH saha sambandhyante, tata Atmano dravyAlambanajJAnena dravyANAM tu jJAnamAlambya jJeyAkAreNa pariNatirabAdhitA prthyte|"3 isakA bhAva yaha hai ki dravyoM ke nimitta se AtmA kA jJAnasvabhAva dravyajJAnarUpa se pariNamita hotA hai tathA AtmA ke jJAnasvabhAva ke nimitta se dravya apane jJeyasvabhAvarUpa se pariNamita hote haiN| isa parasparAvalambita nimittanaimittika pariNAma ke dvArA paradravya aura AtmA meM jJeya-jJAyaka-sambandha ghaTita hotA hai| isa prakAra cU~ki paradravyoM ke nimitta se jJAna kI jJeyAkArAtmaka avasthA hotI hai aura usa avasthA ke jJAna se AtmA ko paradravyoM kA jJAna hotA hai, isalie nimittanaimittika bAhya sambandha ke dvArA kevalI bhagavAn paradravyoM ko jAnate haiN| ata: jaba hama bAhyasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi se dekhate haiM, tabhI kevalI bhagavAna ke samasta paradravyoM ke jJAyaka hone kA satya dRSTigocara hotA hai| isI abhiprAya se kevalI bhagavAn ko vyavahAranaya se sarvajJa kahA gayA hai - jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM / / / - kevalI bhagavAn vyavahAranaya se samasta paradravyoM ko jAnate haiM ( arthAt vyavahAranaya se sarvajJa haiM ) / nizcayanaya se AtmA ko hI jAnate haiM ( arthAt nizcayanaya se AtmajJa hI haiM ) / yahA~ kevalI bhagavAn ko vyavahAranaya se sarvajJa kahakara nizcayanaya se sarvajJa hone kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| nizcayanaya se unheM AtmajJa batalAyA gayA hai, kyoMki 1. "nIlapItAdibahi:padArthA Adarza bimbavat paricchittyAkAreNa jJAne prtiphlnti|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 1/26 2. "naimittakabhUtajJeyAkArAn AtmasthAn avalokya sarve'stidgatA ityupcrynte|" vahI/tattvadIpikA, 1/26 3. vahI, 1/36 4. niyamasAra/gAthA, 159

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36 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana AtmA kA svaparyAya ke sAtha abheda ( tAdAtmya ) hotA hai, ata: vaha nijaparyAya ko tanmaya hokara jAnatA hai| phalasvarUpa abhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se avalokana karane para svayaM ke sAtha hI AtmA kA jJeyajJAyaka sambandha nizcita hotA hai| yataH kevalI bhagavAn kI svakIya jJAnaparyAya sarvajJeyAkAramaya hotI hai, isalie AtmajJatA meM sarvajJatA garbhita hai, kintu jaba unake lie 'sarvajJa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha vyavahAranaya se hI upapatra hotA hai| para se zraddheya-zraddhAnakArakasambandha kA niSedha jIvAdiparadravya ke nimitta se AtmA kA zraddhAnasvabhAva jIvAdizraddhAnarUpa se pariNamita hotA hai, kintu AtmA jIvAdi paradravyarUpa se pariNamita ( tanmaya ) nahIM hotA, isalie paradravya se bhinna rahane ke kAraNa maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se AtmA aura paradravya meM zraddheya-zraddhAnakAraka sambandha siddha nahIM hotaa|' jIvAdi paradravya ke nimitta se hone vAle apane zraddhAnapariNAma se hI AtmA tanmaya hotA hai, ata: maulika-abhedAvalambI nizcayanaya darzAtA hai ki AtmA svayaM kA hI zraddhAnakAraka hai aura svayaM hI shrddhey| tathApi jIvAdiparadravya aura AtmA ke jIvAdizraddhAnarUpa pariNAma meM nimittanaimittika sambandha hotA hai, usake kAraNa upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya se jIvAdiparadravya ko 'zraddheya' zabda se tathA AtmA ko 'jIvAdi-zraddhAnakAraka' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai|' para se sAdhyasAdhakasambandha kA niSedha yata: AtmA bhinna dravya ke rUpa meM pariNamita ( tanmaya ) nahIM ho sakatA athavA bhinnadravya se usakA pradezAtmaka abheda nahIM ho sakatA, unameM dUrI hI banI rahatI hai, isalie maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se parIkSaNa karane para paradravya ke sAtha AtmA kA mokSaviSayaka sAdhyasAdhakabhAva upapanna nahIM hotaa| ata: jinendradeva ne ukta nizcayanaya kA Azraya lekara paradravya ke sAtha jIva ke sAdhya-sAdhaka sambandha kA abhAva pratipAdita kiyA hai| . AtmA svayaM samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrarUpa pariNamita hokara siddhAvasthA prApta karatA hai| samyagyadarzanajJAnacAritrarUpa pariNamana sAdhakabhAva hai tathA siddhatvarUpa pariNamana saadhybhaav| AtmA ina donoM paryAyoM se tanmaya hotA hai, isalie maulika abheda para Azrita nizcayanaya se dekhane para vaha svayaM hI sAdhya aura svayaM hI sAdhaka 1. "tattvArthazraddhAnarUpaM samyagdarzanaM zraddheyasya bahirbhUtajIvAdipadArthasya nizcayanayena zraddhAna kArakaM na bhavati, tanmayaM na bhvtiityrthH|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 356-365 2. "jIvAdikaM paradravyaM vyavahAreNa zraddadhAti na ca paradravyeNa saha tanmayo bhvti|" vahI

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nizcayanaya / 37 siddha hotA hai| isa tathya kI mImAMsA karate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM - "Atmavastu jJAnamAtra hai, to bhI usameM upAyabhAva aura upeyabhAva vidyamAna haiM, kyoMki vaha eka hote hue bhI sAdhaka aura siddha ubhayarUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai| inameM jo sAdhakarUpa hai vaha upAya hai aura jo siddharUpa hai vaha upey| AtmA anAdikAla se mithyAdarzana, ajJAna aura acAritra ke vazIbhUta ho svarUpa se cyuta hokara saMsaraNa karatA hai| vaha jaba vyavahAra-samyagdarzanajJAnacaritra ko sunizcalarUpa se grahaNa karatA hai taba usake pAkaprakarSa kI paramparA se kramaza: svarUpa meM ArUr3ha hotA hai aura antarmagna ( svAtmAzrita ) nizcayasamyagdarzanajJAnacAritra kI vizeSatA se sAdhaka-rUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai| tathA jaba svAtmAzrita ratnatraya paramaprakarSa para pahu~catA hai taba samasta karmoM kA kSaya kara nirmala paramAtmasvabhAva kI prApti dvArA svayaM siddharUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai| isa prakAra eka hI jJAna upAya aura upeya bhAvoM ko sAdhatA hai|" ukta Azaya ko vyakta karane vAle AcArya amRtacandra ke zabda isa prakAra "Atmavastuno hi jJAnamAtratve'pyupAyopeyabhAvo vidyata ev| tasyaikasyApi svyNsaadhksiddhobhyprinnaamitvaat| tatra yatsAdhakaM rUpaM sa upaayH| yatsiddhaM rUpaM sa upeyH| ato'syAtmano'nAdimithyAdarzanajJAnAcAritraiH svarUpapracyavanAtsaMsarata: sunizcalaparigRhItavyavahArasamyagdarzanajJAnacAritrapAkaprakarSaparamparayA krameNa svarUpamAropyamANasyAntarmagnanizcayasamyagdarzanajJAnacAritravizeSatayA sAdhakarUpeNa tathA paramaprakarSamakarikAdhirUDharatnatrayAtizayapravRttasakalakarmakSayaprajvalitAskhalitavimalasvabhAvabhAvatayA siddharUpeNa ca svayaM pariNamamAnajJAnamAtramekamevopAyopeyabhAvaM saadhyti|" AcAryadvaya amRtacandra evaM jayasena ne maulikaabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA Azraya lekara svayaM ke sAtha hI AtmA ke mokSaviSayaka sAdhya-sAdhaka bhAva ko abhedaSaTkAraka ke rUpa meM isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA hai - "AtmA svatantrarUpa se samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrarUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai, ataH svayaM kartA hotA hai| svayaM siddhaparyAyarUpa pariNAma ko prApta hotA hai, ata: svayaM karma banatA hai| samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrarUpa se sAdhaka banakara siddhaparyAya ko sAdhatA hai, isalie svayaM karaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| upalabdha siddhaparyAya svayaM ko pradAna kara svayaM ko santuSTa karatA hai, isa taraha svayaM hI sampradAna meM pariNata 1. samayasAra/syAdvAdAdhikAra/pR0 531

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38 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ho jAtA hai| pUrvapravRtta matyAdijJAnavikalpoM kA apagama hone para sahajajJAnasvabhAva ke rUpa meM dhruva rahatA hai, ata: svayaM apAdAnabhAva ko prApta hotA hai| apane zuddha caitanyasvabhAva kA svayaM AdhAra hone se svayaM adhikaraNa hai|" AcArya amRtacandra paradravya ke sAtha AtmA ke SaTkArakAtmaka sAdhya-sAdhaka sambandha kA niSedha karate hue likhate haiM - "svayameva SaTkArakIrUpeNopajAyamAnaH, utpattivyapekSayA dravyabhAvabhedabhinnaghAtikarmANyapAsya svayamevAvirbhUtatvAdvA svayambhUriti nirdishyte| ato na nizcayata: pareNa sahAtmana: kaarktvsmbndho'sti|2|| - svayaM hI SaTakArakarUpa se pariNata hone ke kAraNa athavA utpatti kI apekSA dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ina do prakAra ke ghAtI karmoM kA vinAzakara svayameva AvirbhUta hone se AtmA svayambhU kahalAtA hai| ata: nizcayanaya se paradravya ke sAtha AtmA kA kArakAtmaka sambandha nahIM hai| para ke sAtha AdhArAdheyasambandha kA niSedha maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue arahantadeva ne AtmA aura paradravya meM AdhArAdheya sambandha kA bhI abhAva batalAyA hai| isa para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM - "na khalvekasya dvitIyamasti dvayorbhinnapradezatvena eksttaanupptteH| tadasattve ca tena sahAdhArAdheyasambandho'pi naastyev| tata: svarUpapratiSThatvalakSaNa evAdhArAdheya smbndho'vtisstthte|"3 -eka vastu meM dUsarI vastu kI sattA nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM ke pradeza paraspara bhinna haiM, isalie unakI eka sattA kI upapatti nahIM hotii| ekasattAtmaka na hone se unameM AdhArAdheyasambandha bhI nahIM hai| vastu svarUpa meM hI sthita hotI hai, ata: svarUpa ke hI sAtha usakA AdhArAdheya sambandha ghaTita hotA hai| pudgalakarmanimittaka rAgAdibhAvoM ke sAtha AtmA ke ukta sambandha kA niSedha karate hue AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM - uvaoe uvaogo kohAdisu Natthi ko vi uvaogo / kohe koho ceva hI uvaoge Natthi khalu koho / / 1. pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA evaM tAtparyavRtti 1/16 2. vahI/tattvadIpikA 1/16 / 3. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 181-183

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aTThaviyappe kamme Nokamme cAvi Natthi uvaogo / uvaogamhi ya kammaM NokammaM cAvi No atthi / / ' nizcayanaya / 39 caitanyapariNAmabhUta darzanajJAnarUpa upayoga, upayoga meM hI sthita hai, krodhAdi bhAvoM meM nahIM, aura krodha kI sattA krodha meM hI hai, upayoga meM nahIM / ATha prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM meM tathA zarIrAdi nokarmoM meM bhI upayoga sthita nahIM hai aura upayoga meM ina karma - nokarmoM kA astitva nahIM hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki inake svarUpa atyanta viparIta haiM, ata: inameM paramArthataH AdhArAdheyasambandha nahIM hai / 2 AtmA kA svarUpa ke sAtha tAdAtmya hotA hai, isalie maulikaabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se dekhane para svarUpa Adheya ke rUpa meM aura AtmA usake AdhAra ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai / tathApi bAhyasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi se prApta jJAna ke anusAra paradravya ke sAtha AtmA kA AdhArAdheya sambandha hotA hai| isakA nirUpaNa agale adhyAya meM kiyA jAyegA / isa prakAra maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ( nizcayanaya ) se avalokana karane para nizcita hotA hai ki paradravya se AtmA kisI bhI prakAra sambaddha nahIM hai, na svasvAmibhAvarUpa se, na karttA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa, ina SaTkArakoM ke rUpa meN| nizcayadRSTi se vaha paradravyoM se sarvathA pRthak dikhAI detA hai| maulika- abhedAvalambinI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA nirNaya vastu aura usake guNaparyAyarUpa dharmoM meM pradeza ( sattA ) kI apekSA abheda hai, kintu saMjJA ( nAma ), saMkhyA, lakSaNa aura prayojana kI dRSTi se bhinnatA ( anyatva ) hai / jaise jIva aura usake darzanajJAnAdi guNoM ke pradeza pRthak-pRthak nahIM haiM, ve ( jIva aura darzanajJAnAdi guNa ) eka hI vastu haiM, tathApi unameM saMjJAdi kI apekSA bhinnatA hai| yathA, jIvadravya kI saMjJA 'jIva' hai aura jJAnaguNa kI saMjJA 'jJAna' / yaha saMjJA kI dRSTi se bheda hai| jo caturvidha prANoM se jItA hai, jiyegA aura aura jItA thA, vaha jIva hai tathA jisake dvArA padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai vaha jJAna hai| yaha lakSaNa kI apekSA anyatva hai| avinazvara rahate hue bandhamokSAdi - paryAyarUpa se pariNamita honA jIvadravya kA prayojana hai aura padArthoM ko jAnanA jJAnaguNa kA 1. samayasAra /gAthA 181-182 2. " na ca jJAne krodhAdayaH karma nokarma vA santi parasparamatyantaM svarUpavaiparItyena paramArthAdhArAdheyasambandha-zUnyatvAt / " vahI / AtmakhyAti /gAthA 181-183

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- 40 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana prayojana hai| yaha prayojanagata bheda hai| isI prakAra darzana, jJAna, cAritra Adi guNoM meM eka hI jIvadravya vyApta hotA hai, kintu eka jIvadravya meM, darzana, jJAna Adi aneka guNa antarmagna hote haiN| yaha saMkhyA kI dRSTi se bheda hai / " yaha saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa aura prayojana kA bheda bAhya bheda hai / mUlataH vastu aura usake dharmoM meM abheda hai, kyoMki unake svabhAva, pradeza yA sattA abhinna hotI hai / svabhAvagata abheda, pradezagata abheda, sattAgata abheda athavA vasturUpa abheda ye saba maulika abheda ke nAmAntara haiN| yaha maulika- abhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ( nizcayanaya ) kA anusaraNa karate hue arahantadeva ne dharma aura dharmI, guNa aura guNI, paryAya aura paryAyI, karttA aura karma Adi meM bhinnatva kA niSedha kiyA hai aura ekatva darzAyA hai| arthAt dharma aura dharmI Adi alaga-alaga vastu na hokara eka hI vastu ke alaga-alaga nAma haiM, upadeza diyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jIvAdi dravyoM ko ekatvamaya, advaita yA akhaNDa batalAyA hai| dharma-dharmI meM bhinnatva kA niSedha AcArya kundakunda ne uparyukta nizcayanaya kA avalambanakara AtmA se darzanajJAnacAritrAdi dharmoM ke bhinna hone kA niSedha ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai vavahAreNuvadissara NANissa carita daMsaNaM NANaM / daMsaNaM jANago suddho / ' vi gANaM Na caritaM Na - AtmA meM darzana hai, jJAna hai, cAritra hai, isa prakAra dharma aura dharmI meM bhinnatA darzAnevAlA varNana vyavahAranaya se kiyA jAtA hai / nizcayanaya se na darzana AtmA se svatantra vastu hai, na jJAna, na cAritra, apitu darzana bhI AtmA hI hai, jJAna bhI AtmA hI hai, cAritra bhI AtmA hI hai / ata: mAtra AtmA ( jJAyaka ) hI eka svatantra vastu hai| 1. "saMjJAdi : saMjJAsaMkhyAlakSaNaprayojanAni / guNaguNIti saMjJA nAma / guNA aneke guNatveka iti saGkhyAbhedaH / saddravyalakSaNaM, dravyAzrayAnirguNA guNAH iti lakSaNabhedaH / dravyeNa lokamAnaM kriyate, guNena dravyaM jJAyate iti prayojanabhedaH / yathA jIvadravyasya jIva iti saMjJA / jJAnaguNasya jJAnamiti saMjJA / caturbhiH prANairjIvati jIviSyati ajIvad iti jIvadravyalakSaNam / jJAyate padArtha aneneti jJAnamiti jJAnaguNalakSaNam / jIvadravyasya bandhamokSAdiparyAyairavinazvararUpeNa pariNamanaM prayojanam / jJAnaguNasya punaH padArthaparicchittimAtrameva prayojanamiti / " AlApapaddhati/TippaNa / sUtra, 112 2. samayasAra / gAthA, 7

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nizcayanaya / 41 -- yahI bhAva unhoMne nimnalikhita gAthA meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| daMsaNaNANacarittANi sevidavvANi sAhuNA NiccaM / tANi puNa jANa tiNNivi appANaM ceva Nicchayado / / ' - sAdhu ko sadA darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI upAsanA karanI cAhie, kintu nizcayanaya se ye tInoM eka akhaNDa AtmA hI haiM, yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI caahie| ise AcArya amRtacandra ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai " jaise kisI devadatta nAmaka puruSa ke jJAna, zraddhAna aura AcaraNa devadatta ke svabhAva se bhinna na hone ke kAraNa devadatta hI haiM, anya vastu nahIM, vaise hI AtmA ke zraddhAna, jJAna aura AcaraNa bhI AtmasvabhAva se pRthak na hone ke kAraNa AtmA hI haiM, anya vastu nhiiN| isalie 'sAdhu ko nitya darzanajJAnacAritra kI upAsanA karanI cAhie, isa vyavahAranayAtmaka kathana se yaha nizcayakathana pradyotita hotA hai ki ekamAtra AtmA hI upAsya hai / ' adholikhita gAthA meM bhI yahI tathya prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| ,,? jahmA jANai NiccaM tahmA jIvo da jANao NANI / du gANaM ca jANayAdo avvadirittaM muNeyavvaM // ' - kyoMki jIva hI sadA jAnatA hai isalie vahI jJAyaka hai, vahI jJAnI hai / isa taraha jJAna jJAyaka se abhinna hai / isakI vyAkhyA meM AcArya amRtacandra likhate haiM "atha jIva evaiko jJAnaM cetanatvAt tato jJAnajIvayorevAvyatirekaH / "* arthAt cetana hone ke kAraNa ekamAtra jIva hI jJAna hai, isalie jJAna aura jIva meM abheda hai| tAtparya yaha ki jaba hama maulika abheda kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM taba darzana, jJAna, cAritrAdi samasta jIvadharma jIva hI pratIta hote haiM, kintu jaba saMjJAdibAhyabheda kI dRSTi se avalokana kiyA jAtA hai taba jIva aura darzanajJAnAdi guNoM meM paraspara anyatva dikhAI detA hai| isI prakAra svAtmA kA samyagdarzana, svAtmA kA samyagjJAna tathA 1. samayasAra / gAthA, 16 2. "yathA devadattasya kasyacid jJAnaM zraddhAnamanucaraNaM ca devadattasya svabhAvAnatikramAd devadatta eva na vastvantaraM tathAtmanyapyAtmano jJAnaM zraddhAnamanucaraNaM cAtmasvabhAvAnatikramAd Atmaiva na vastvantaraM tata AtmA eka evopAsya iti svayameva pradyotate / " vahI / AtmakhyAti / gAthA, 16 3. vahI / gAthA, 403 4. vahI / AtmakhyAti / gAthA, 390-404

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42 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana svAtmalInatArUpa samyagcAritra ina tIna ke samUha kA nAma hI aikAya yA zuddhopayoga hai| ata: maulika-abhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se athavA abhedapradhAna nizcayanaya se dekhane para akelA aikAya yA zuddhopayoga hI mokSamArga hai, yaha nirNaya hotA hai| tathA saMjJAdi-bhedapradhAna vyavahAranaya se nirIkSaNa karane para samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra ina tIna kA samUha mokSamArga hai, isa nirNaya para pahu~cate haiN|' maulika-abhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ( nizcayanaya ) se avalokana karane para yaha bhI nizcaya hotA hai ki AtmA ke svasvAmI, kartAkarma, bhoktAbhogya, grahaNatyAga, jJeyajJAyaka, zraddheya-zraddhAnakAraka, sAdhyasAdhaka, AdhArAdheya Adi sambandha nijasvabhAva ke hI sAtha hote haiN| inakA spaSTIkaraNa pUrva meM prasaMgAnusAra kiyA jA cukA hai| niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI dRSTi se vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya jJAtA kI jo dRSTi niyatasvalakSaNa ke AdhAra para vAstavika vastu kA nirNaya karatI hai vaha niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI dRSTi hai tathA jo niyatasvalakSaNa ke binA saMyogAdi sambandha ke AdhAra para prayojanavaza anya vastu ko anya vastu kA nAma detI hai tathA anya ke dvArA isa prakAra nAma diye jAne kI vAstavikatA ko samajhate hue usake prayojana kA nirNaya karatI hai, vaha upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi hai, kyoMki saMyogAdi sambandha ke AdhAra para prayojanavaza anya ke lie anya ke nAma kA prayoga karanA upacAra kahalAtA hai| Agama meM niyatasvalakSaNa ke AdhAra para vAstavika jIvAdi tattvoM ko bhI jIvAdi ke nAma se varNita kiyA gayA hai tathA niyatasvalakSaNa ke abhAva meM jo jIvAdi nahIM haiM unheM bhI upacAra se jIvAdi saMjJAe~ dI gayI haiN| niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se yaha nirNaya hotA hai ki inameM vAstavika jIvAdi kauna haiM ? 1. (ka) "tasya tu mokSamArgasya samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga iti bhedAtmakatvAta paryAyapradhAnena vyavahAranayena nirNayo bhvti| aikAyaM mokSamArga ityabhedAtmakatvAt dravyapradhAnena nizcayanayena nirNayo bhvti| samastavastusamUhasyApi bhedAbhedAtmakatvAnizcayavyavahAramokSamArga-dvayasyApi pramANena nizcayo bhvtiityrthH|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 3/42 (kha) "tathA bhedanayena samyagdarzanasamyagjJAnasamyakcAritrarUpastrividhamokSamArgo bhvti| sa evAbhedanayena zrAmaNyAparamokSamArganAmA punareka ev|" vahI 3/66 2. (ka) "anyatra prasiddhasya dhrmsyaanytrsmaaropnnmsdbhuutvyvhaarH| asadbhUtavyavahAra evopcaarH|" AlApapaddhati/sUtra, 207-208 (kha) "mazcAH krozanti iti tAtsthyAt tcchbdopcaarH|" ___ zlokavArtika, 2/1/6/56

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nizcayanaya / 43 caitanyabhAva kI 'jIva' saMjJA jinendradeva ne jIva aura zarIra tathA jIva aura rAgAdi meM kathaMcit abheda darzAne ke lie ( tAki zarIraghAta se jIvaghAtarUpa hiMsA tathA paryAya kI apekSA AtmA azuddha siddha ho sake ) upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi kA Azraya lekara jIvasaMyukta zarIra evaM rAgAdi bhAvoM ko jIva zabda se varNita kiyA hai| kintu koI unheM vAstavika jIva na samajha le, isa sambhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa karane hetu niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa kara zuddha caitanyarUpa vAstavika jIva ko jIva zabda se abhihita kiyA hai aura yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki jo zarIra aura rAgAdi ko jIva kahA gayA hai vaha upacAra ( upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya ) se kahA gayA hai, niyatasvalakSaNAvalambI nizcayanaya se nhiiN| isase zarIra aura rAgAdi ke vAstavika jIva hone kA niSedha ho jAtA hai aura upacAra kA artha samajhanevAle ziSya zarIra aura rAgAdi ko jIva saMjJA diye jAne kA abhiprAya samajha lete haiM tathA unheM vAstavika jIva mAnane kI bhUla nahIM krte| jinendradeva ke upadeza ke AdhAra para niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se paramArtha ( vAstavika ) AtmA kA nizcaya karAte hue AcArya kundakunda kahate paNNAe pittavvo jo cedA so ahaM tu Nicchayado / avasesA je bhAvA te majjha pare tti NAyavvA / / - niyatasvalakSaNa kA avalambana karane vAlI prajJA se pahacAnanA cAhie ki mere bhItara jo caitanyabhAva hai vahI maiM hU~, anya lakSaNavAle zeSa bhAva mujhase bhinna isI uddezya se AcArya amRtacandra bhI kahate haiM ki ekamAtra caitanyabhAva hI AtmA hai, aisA nizcaya karanA cAhie - "cinmAtra eva AtmA nishcetvyH|3 caitanyabhAva meM hI vAstavika AtmA kA nizcaya karAne ke lie AcArya kundakunda spaSTa karate haiM ki yadyapi jinendradeva ne jIvasaMyukta zarIra ko jIvasaMjJA dI hai, kintu vaha upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya se dI hai ( niyatasvalakSaNAvalambI nizcayanaya se nahIM ) - 1. samayasAra/gAthA, 297 2. "yo hi niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinyA prajJayApravibhaktazcetayitA so'ymhm|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 297 3. vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 294

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44 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana pajjattApajjattA je suhamA vAdarA ya je ceva / dehassa jIvasaNNA sutte vavahArado uttA / / ' -sUtra ( Agama ) meM jo paryApta, aparyApta, sUkSma aura bAdara ekendriyAdi zarIroM ko 'jIva' saMjJA dI gaI hai vaha vyavahAranaya ( upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya ) se dI gayI hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zarIra ko prayojanavaza upacAra se jIva kahA gayA hai, vAstava meM jIva nahIM hai| niSkarSataH ekamAtra caitanyabhAva hI vAstavika jIva siddha hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki sUtra meM upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya kA anusaraNa karate hue rAgAdibhAvoM ko bhI prayojanavaza 'jIva' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai - evameva ca vavahAro ajjhavasANAdiaNNabhAvANaM / jIvo tti kado sutte tattheko Nicchido jIvo / / -( jaise loka meM rAjA kI senA ke lie rAjA zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai) vaise hI sUtra meM adhyavasAnAdi ( rAgAdi ) bhAvoM ke lie jIva zabda kA vyavahAra ( upacAra ) kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha tathya sAmane A jAtA hai ki rAgAdibhAvoM ko prayojanavaza upacAra se jIva kahA gayA hai, ve yathArthata: jIva nahIM haiN| isa prakAra niyatasvalaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ekamAtra caitanyabhAva ko paramArtha AtmA ke rUpa meM prakaTa karatI hai aura zarIrAdi ko jIva saMjJA diye jAne kA rahasya udghATita kara unheM vAstavika jIva mAnane kI bhUla se bacAtI hai| zuddhopayoga kI 'mokSamArga' saMjJA svAtmAzrita samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrarUpa zuddhopayoga mokSamArga kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai, kyoMki usake hone para niyama se mokSa hotA hai, na hone para nahIM hotaa| 1. samayasAra/gAthA, 67 2. vahI/gAthA, 48 3. rAyA hu Niggado ttiya eso balasamudAyassa Adeso / vavahAreNa du uccadi tattheko Niggado rAyA / / vahI/gAthA, 47 4. (ka) "nizcayamokSamArgasthitAnAM niyamena mokssobhvti|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 276-277 (kha) "AtmAzritanizcayanayAzritAnAmeva mucymaantvaat|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 272

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nizcayanaya / 45 isalie jinendra bhagavAn ne zuddhopayogarUpa vAstavika mokSamArga ko mokSamArga kahA hai| use grahaNa karane kI sAmarthya samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga ( paradravyAzritasamyagdarzanajJAnacAritra ) kI sAdhanA se AtI hai| isalie yadyapi vaha mokSamArga kA niyatasvalakSaNa nahIM hai, tathApi sAdhyasAdhakasambandha ke kAraNa usakI upAdeyatA darzAne hetu bhagavAn ne use bhI upacAra se mokSamArga nAma diyA hai| isase koI ziSya zubhopayoga ko vAstavika mokSamArga samajhane kI bhUla kara sakatA hai| ata: isa sambhAvanA ko TAlane ke lie bhagavAn ne niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI dRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue zuddhopayoga athavA AtmAzrita samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra kI samaSTi ko 'nizcaya' vizeSaNa ke prayoga dvArA vAstavika mokSamArga nirUpita kiyA hai, jise AcAryoM ne apane zabdoM meM isa prakAra darzAyA hai - NiccayaNayeNa bhaNido tihi tehiM samAhido hu jo appA / Na kuNadi kiMcivi aNNaM Na muyadi so mokkhamaggotti / / ' - jo AtmA nija zuddhasvarUpa ke samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna sahita usI meM nizcalarUpa se sthita hotA hai, vaha na to kisI parabhAva se grasta hotA hai, na svabhAva ko chor3atA hai| isalie vahI nizcayanaya se mokSamArga hai| "nizcayaratnatrayAtmakaH zuddhAtmAnubhUtilakSaNo mokSamArgo mokSArthinA puruSeNa sevitvyH| - mokSArthI puruSa ko zuddhAtmAnubhUtirUpa nizcayaratnatrayAtmaka mokSamArga kA avalambana karanA caahie| __ "paramAtmatattvazraddhAnajJAnAnubhUtirUpANi samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga jinA vidnti|" -nija parama Atmatattva ke samyak zraddhAna, samyagjJAna evaM samyag anubhUti ke rUpa meM jo samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra haiM unhIM ke samUha ko jinendradeva ne mokSamArga kahA hai| isake hI vAstavika mokSamArga hone kI puSTi ke lie AcAryoM ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki arahantadeva ne jo jIvAdiparadravyAzrita samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrarUpa zubhopayoga ko mokSamArga saMjJA dI hai vaha upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya se dI hai| yathA 1. paJcAstikAya/gAthA, 161 2. samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 412 3. vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 410

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46 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana dhammAdIsadahaNaM sammattaM NANamaMgapuvvagadaM / ciTThA tavaMhi cariyA vavahAro mokkhamaggotti / / - jIvAdi padArthoM kA zraddhAnarUpa samyagdarzana, gyAraha aMgoM evaM caudaha pUrvo kA jJAnarUpa samyagjJAna tathA bAraha prakAra ke tapa evaM teraha prakAra ke cAritra meM pravRttirUpa samyakcAritra, inake sammilita rUpa kI mokSamArga saMjJA vyavahAranaya se hai| __ isase yaha tathya dRSTi meM A jAtA hai ki paradravyAzrita samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrarUpa zubhopayoga ko prayojanavaza upacAra se mokSamArga nAma diyA gayA hai, paramArthata: mokSamArga nahIM hai| isa tathya ke dRSTi meM Ane se nizcita ho jAtA hai ki zuddhopayoga hI vAstavika mokSamArga hai| svAtmazraddhAnAdi kI 'samyagdarzanAdi' saMjJAe~ svAtmA kA samyakzraddhAna nizcayamokSamArga kA aMga hone se samyagdarzana kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai| ata: niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadraSTi kA anusaraNa kara isa vAstavika samyagdarzana ko samyagdarzana kahA gayA hai aura isakA sAdhaka hone se jIvAdi ke zraddhAna ko upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi se samyagdarzana saMjJA dI gaI hai| yahA~ nizcaya aura vyavahAra vizeSaNoM se spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki svAtmazraddhAna hI vAstavika samyagdarzana hai, jIvAdizraddhAna vAstavika samyagdarzana nahIM hai, apitu vAstavika samyagdarzana kA sAdhaka hone se usakI upAdeyatA darzAne hetu use upacAra se samyagdarzana nAma diyA gayA hai| isI nyAya se AtmajJAna kI samyagjJAna saMjJA niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi para Azrita hai tathA jIvAdi tattvoM ke jJAna kA samyagjJAna nAma upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi pr| ye donoM dRSTiyA~ isa bAta kA nizcaya karAtI haiM ki AtmajJAna hI vAstavika samyagjJAna hai, jIvAdi tattvoM kA jJAna vAstavika samyagjJAna nahIM hai, apitu usakA sAdhaka hone se upacAra se samyagjJAna zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra nijazuddhAtmabhAva meM nizcala avasthAna ke lie samyakcAritra 1. paJcAstikAya/gAthA, 160 2. "drshnmaatmvinishcitiH|" puruSArthasiddhyupAya/kArikA, 216 3. "jIvAdIsaddahaNaM smmttN|'' samayasAra/gAthA, 155 4. "AtmaparijJAnamiSyate bodhH|' puruSArthasiddhyupAya/kArikA, 216 5. "jIvAdIsaddahaNaM sammattaM tesimadhigamo- nnaannN|" samayasAra/gAthA, 155

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nizcayanaya / 47 zabda kA prayoga niyatasvalakSaNAvalambI nizcayanaya se kiyA gayA hai tathA azabha se nivRtti evaM zubha meM pravRtti ko samyakcAritra saMjJA upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya se dI gayI hai| yahA~ bhI ina donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nijazuddhAtmasvabhAva meM nizcala avasthAna vAstavika samyakcAritra hai aura azubha se nivRtti evaM zubha meM pravRtti ko sAdhya-sAdhaka sambandha ke kAraNa upacAra se samyakcAritra nAma diyA gayA hai| rAgadveSamoha kI 'Asrava-bandha' saMjJAe~ jIva ke rAgadveSamoha pariNAma dravyAsrava ( pudgala karmoM ke Asrava ) evaM dravyabandha ( AtmA aura pudgalakarmoM ke saMzleSa sambandha ) ke nimitta hote haiN| ataeva Asrava evaM bandha ke niyatalakSaNa haiN| isalie niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se unheM jinendradeva ke dvArA Asrava aura bandha nAma diye gaye haiM, jaisA ki AcArya amRtacandra ke nimnalikhita prarUpaNa se prakaTa hotA hai - "mithyAtvAviratikaSAyayogAH pudgalapariNAmAH / jJAnAvaraNAdipudgalakarmAsravaNanimittatvAt kilaasrvaaH| teSAM tu tadAsravaNanimittatvanimittam ajJAnamayA AtmapariNAmA raagdvessmohaaH| tata AsravaNanimittatvanimittatvAd rAgadveSamohA evaataavH|" - navIna pudgalakarmoM kA Asrava pUrvabaddha mithyAtvAdi pudgalakarmoM ke udaya ke nimitta se hotA hai aura unakA udaya Asrava kA nimitta tabhI banatA hai jaba usase AtmA rAgadveSamohapariNAma karatA hai| isa prakAra navIna pudgalakarmoM ke Asrava ke jo nimitta haiM unake nimitta hone se rAgadveSamohapariNAma hI mukhyata: Asrava haiN| "dravyabandhasya sAdhakatamatvAd rAgapariNAma eva nizcayena bndhH|"5 - dravyabandha kA sAdhakatama hone se rAgapariNAma hI nizcayanaya se bandha hai| cU~ki rAgadveSamoha ke nimitta se AtmA meM dravyakarmoM kA Agamana aura saMzleSa hotA hai, ata: jinendradeva ne kArya meM kAraNa kA upacArakara arthAt upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi se dravyakarmoM ke Agamana aura saMzleSa ko bhI Asrava aura bandha saMjJAe~ 1. "rAgAdivikalparahitatvena svazuddhAtmanyavasthAnaM nishcycaaritrmiti|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 155 2. "asuhAdo viNivittI suhe pauttI ya jANa caarittN|" bRhadrvyasaMgraha/gAthA, 45 3. "bandhasya tu AtmadravyAsAdhAraNA rAgAdaya: svlkssnnm|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 294 4. vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 164-165 5. pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA, 2/87

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48 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana dI haiN| yahA~ alaga-alaga padArthoM ke lie kiye gaye eka hI nAma-prayoga para niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi tathA upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rAgadveSamoha paramArthata: ( yathArthata: ) Asrava aura bandha haiM tathA pudgalakarmoM ke Agamana aura saMzleSa ke lie diye gaye ye nAma avAstavika haiN| rAgadveSamohAbhAva kI 'saMvara' saMjJA . jJAna jaba zubhAzubhavikalpoM se rahita hokara zuddhopayogamaya ho jAtA hai taba rAgadveSamoha kI utpatti nahIM hotii| isase dravyakarmoM kA Asrava rukatA hai| phalasvarUpa dravyakarmoM ke Asravanirodha kA hetu hone se rAgadveSamoha kA nirodha saMvara kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai| ata: arahanta bhagavAn ne niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se ise saMvara zabda se abhihita kiyA hai, jisa para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya amRtacandra likhate haiM - ___"evamidaM bhedavijJAnaM yadA jJAnasya vaiparItyakaNikAmapyanAsAdayad avicalitam avatiSThate tadA zuddhopayogamayAtmatvena jJAnaM jJAnameva kevalaM sanna kizcanApi rAgadveSamoharUpaM bhaavmaarcyti| tato bhedavijJAnAcchuddhAtmopalambhaH prbhvti| zuddhAtmopalambhAd rAgadveSamohAbhAvalakSaNa: saMvaraH prbhvti|"" - isa prakAra yaha bhedavijJAna jabaraMcamAtra bhI jJAna ke viparIta na hokara arthAt rAgAdivikAra se grasta na hokara svabhAva meM avicalita rahatA hai taba zuddhopayogamaya hone se jJAna jJAna hI rahatA hai, kiMcit bhI rAgadveSamoha nahIM krtaa| isa prakAra bhedavijJAna se zuddhAtmA kI upalabdhi hotI hai| usase rAgadveSamohAbhAvarUpa saMvara phalita hotA hai| rAgadveSamoha kA abhAva dravyakarmoM ke nirodha kA hetu hai| isalie jinendradeva ne upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue kArya meM kAraNa ke upacAra dvArA dravyakarmoM ke nirodha ko 'saMvara' saMjJA dI hai| yahA~ uparyukta donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para spaSTa hotA hai ki rAgadveSamohAbhAva kI saMvara saMjJA vAstavika hai aura dravya- karmoM ke nirodha kI avaastvik| zuddhopayoga kI 'nirjarA' saMjJA bahiraMga aura antaraMga tapoM se saMvardhita zuddhopayoga se dravyakarmoM kA ekadezakSaya hotA hai| ata: yaha nirjarA kA niyata svalakSaNa hai| phalasvarUpa niyata1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 181-183 2. "karmavIryazAtanasamartho bahiraGgAntaraGgatapobhibRMhitazuddhopayogo jIvasya ... ... nirjraa|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA, 108

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nizcayanaya / 49 svalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa kara Agama meM ise nirjarA nAma diyA gayA hai| aura cU~ki zuddhopayoga ke nimitta se dravyakarmoM kA ekadezakSaya hotA hai, isalie upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi kA anugamana karate hue jinendradeva ne kArya meM kAraNa ke upacAra dvArA dravyakarmoM ke ekadezakSaya ko nirjarA zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| yahA~ niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se vicAra karane ke bAda upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi se vicAra karane para nizcita hotA hai ki dravyakarmoM ke ekadezakSaya kI nirjarA saMjJA avAstavika hai, ata: zuddhopayoga hI vAstavika nirjarA hai| isase dravyakarmoM ke ekadezakSaya ko vAstavika nirjarA samajha lene kI bhUla nahIM ho paatii| kSAyikasamyagdarzanAdi kI 'mokSa' saMjJA kSAyika samyagdarzana, kSAyika samyagjJAna tathA yathAkhyAta nAmaka kSAyika samyakcAritra, ina tInoM kI abhinnatA jisameM hotI hai, usa AtpariNAma se samasta karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai, ata: vaha mokSa kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai|' isalie niyatasvalakSaNAvalambI nizcayanaya ke anusAra sarvajJa ne use mokSa saMjJA dI hai aura kyoMki vaha sampUrNa dravyakarmoM ke kSaya kA nimitta hai, phalasvarUpa upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya kA anugamana kara naimittika meM nimitta ke nAma kA upacAra kiyA hai arthAt sampUrNa dravyakarmoM ke kSaya ko mokSa nAma diyA hai|' yahA~ bhI jaba uparyukta donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai taba kSAyikasamyagdarzanAdimaya AtmapariNAma hI vAstavika mokSa siddha hotA hai, sampUrNa dravyakarmoM ke kSaya kI 'mokSa' saMjJA avAstavika ThaharatI hai| rAgAdi ke abhAva kI "hiMsAdi' saMjJAe~ rAgAdibhAva se grasta hokara kisI jIva kA ghAta karane para ghAtaka ko karmabandha hotA hai| rAgAdi ke abhAva meM pUrNa yatnAcAra karate hue jIvaghAta ho jAne para bhI karmabandha nahIM hotaa| isalie rAgAdibhAva ke sAtha hI karmabandha kA anvayavyatireka hone se rAgAdi kI utpatti athavA pramattabhAva hiMsA kA niyatalakSaNa hai| yata: rAgAdi kI utpatti hiMsA kA niyatalakSaNa hai, ata: rAgAdi kI anutpatti ahiMsA 1. "niravazeSakarmANi yena pariNAmena kSAyikajJAnadarzanayathAkhyAtacAritrasaMjJitena asyante sa mokssH|" bhagavatIArAdhanA, TIkA 38/134 2. "bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtasnakarmavipramokSo mokssH|" tattvArthasUtra, 10/2 3. maradu vA jiyadu vA jIvo ayadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA / payadassa Natthi baMdho hiMsAmetteNa samidassa / / pravacanasAra, 3/17

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50 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kA niyatalakSaNa siddha hotA hai| isalie niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA avalambanakara jinendradeva ne inheM kramaza: 'hiMsA' aura 'ahiMsA' zabdoM se abhihita kiyA hai| yaha AcArya amRtacandra ke adholikhita kathana se jJAta hotA hai - aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiMseti / teSAmevotpattirhiseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / / ' -- rAgAdibhAvoM kI utpatti na honA ahiMsA hai aura utpatti honA hiMsA, yaha jinAgama kA saMkSepa hai| rAgAdibhAvoM se grasta honA pramAda kahalAtA hai, isalie pramAdayukta hone ko hiMsA aura pramAdarahita hone ko ahiMsA kahA gayA hai - svayaM hyahiMsA svayameva hiMsanaM na tatparAdhInamiha dvayaM bhavet / pramAdahIno'tra bhavatyahiMsakaH pramAdayuktastu sadaiva hiMsakaH / / - jIva svayaM ahiMsA hai aura svayaM hiNsaa| ye donoM parAdhIna nahIM haiN| jo pramAdahIna hai vaha ahiMsaka hai, jo pramAdayukta hai vaha sadaiva hiMsaka hai| pramAdahIna hone kA lakSaNa hai jIvarakSA ke prayatna meM tatpara honaa| isalie jIvoM kA maraNa ho yA na ho, jo ayatnapUrvaka pravRtti karatA hai vaha hiMsA karatA hai, jo yatnapUrvaka AcaraNa karatA hai vaha ahiMsAmaya hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - ayadAcAro samaNo chassuvi kAyesu vadhakarotti mado / caradi jadaM jadi NiccaM kamalaM va jale Niruvalevo / / - yatnAcArarahita zramaNa chahoM kAyoM ke jIvoM kA vadha karanevAlA kahA gayA hai| yadi vaha yatnapUrvaka pravRtta hotA hai to jaise kamala jala se lipta nahIM hotA vaise vaha hiMsA se lipta nahIM hotaa| isa taraha rAgAdi kI anutpatti yA pramAda kA abhAva athavA yatnAcAra hI ahiMsA kA niyatalakSaNa hai| ata: niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI dRSTi ke AdhAra para Agama meM ise ahiMsA zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| kintu rAgAdi ke vazIbhUta hokara hI jIva paraprANoM ke ghAta meM pravRtta hotA hai athavA unakI rakSA kA yatna nahIM karatA jisase azubhakAyayoga dvArA prANavyaparopaNa hone para parajIva ko pIr3A hotI 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya/kArikA, 44 2. dhavalA/pustaka, 14/5, 6, 93 3. pravacanasAra, 3/18

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nizcayanaya / 51 hai| yaha krUrapariNAma se niSpanna azubhakAyayoga' azubhAsrava kA kAraNa hotA hai aura azubha dravyakarmoM kA Asrava tIvrakaSAyavaza bandha meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| isalie bandha kA hetu hone se pramattayogajanya parajIvadhAta ko jinendradeva ne upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue upacAra se hiMsA saMjJA dI hai| isIlie jIvaghAta se nivRtti ko upacArata: ahiMsA zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| parapIr3Akara aprazasta vacana asatyavacana kahalAte haiN| unakI utpatti AtmA ke rAgAdigrasta hone para hotI hai| aura mukha se aprazasta vacana nikaleM yA na nikaleM rAgAdigrasta hone mAtra se karmabandha hotA hai, ata: rAgAdipariNAma yA pramattabhAva asatya kA niyatalakSaNa hone se niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ke anusAra 'asatya' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| aura rAgAdipariNAma yA pramattabhAva kA abhAva satya kA niyatalakSaNa hai| ata: uparyukta dRSTi se ise 'satya' nAma diyA gayA hai| asatyavacana azubha vAgyoga hai| vaha azubhAsrava kA nimitta hai aura azubhAsrava bandha kaa| isalie paramparayA bandha kA hetu hone se sarvajJa ne asatyavacana ko upacAra ( upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya ) se asatya nAma diyA hai aura usake abhAva ko upacAra se 'satya' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| cauryakriyA meM pravRtti lobhAdirUpa rAgapariNati se hotI hai| isa dazA meM corI kI jAya yA nahIM rAgapariNatimAtra se karmabandha hotA hai| ata: lobharUpa rAgapariNati caurya kA niyata lakSaNa hai| isa apekSA se usakI 'caurya' saMjJA hai| aura lobharUpa rAgapariNati kA abhAva acaurya kA niyata lakSaNa hai| isa dRSTi se usakA nAma acaurya hai| adattAdAna arthAt corI kI kriyA azubha kAyayoga hai| vaha azubhAsrava kA nimitta hai aura azubhAsrava bandha kA / ata: paramparayA bandhahetu hone se adattAdAna ko Agama meM upacArata: 'caurya' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai aura usake abhAva ko upacArataH 'acaurya' zabda se| kAmabhAvarUpa rAgapariNAma kAma-kriyAoM meM pravRtti kA hetu hai| isa pramattadazA 1. (ka) "prANAtipAtAdattAdAnamaithunAdirazubha: kaayyogH|''. (kha) "ashubhprinnaamnivRttshcaashubh:|' sarvArthasiddhi 6/3 2. "mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bndhhetvH|" tattvArthasUtra 8/1 3. "pramattayogAtprANavyaparopaNaM hiNsaa|" vahI, 7/13 4. yadidaM pramAdayogAdasadabhidhAnaM vidhIyate kimapi / tadanRtamapi vijJeyaM tadbhedAH santi catvAraH / / puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 91 5. (ka) "asdbhidhaanmnRtm|" tattvArthasUtra, 7/14 (kha) "anRtabhASaNaparuSAsabhyavacanAdirazubho vaagyog:|' vahI, 6/3

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52 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana meM kAmaceSTA kI jAya yA nahIM, karmabandha avazyambhAvI hai| isalie kAmabhAvarUpa rAgapariNAma abrahma kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai aura kAmabhAva kA abhAva brahmacarya kaa| isalie niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se kAmabhAva ko 'abrahma' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai tathA kAmabhAva ke abhAva ko brahmacarya kii| aura cU~ki mana, vacana evaM kAya se kI jAnevAlI maithunAdi kAmaceSTA azubha manoyoga, azubha vAgyoga aura azubha kAyayoga hone se azubhAsrava kA nimitta ataeva bandha kA kAraNa hai, isalie arahantadeva ne usake lie upacAra se abrahma zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura usake abhAva ko upacAra se 'brahma' nAma diyA hai| isI prakAra paradravyecchArUpa rAgapariNati bAhyaparigraha kA nimitta hai| isa avasthA meM bAhya padArthoM kA saMgraha kiyA jAya yA nahIM icchAmAtra se karmabandha hotA hai| ataH icchA parigraha kA niyatalakSaNa hai aura icchA kA abhAva aparigraha kaa| isalie niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA anusaraNa karate hue jinendradeva ne icchA ko 'parigraha'' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai aura icchA ke abhAva ko 'aparigraha" zabda se| yata: paradravyecchArUpa rAgabhAva se jIva paradravya ko grahaNa karatA hai aura paradravyagrahaNa mUrchA ( paradravya ke saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana aura saMskaraNa kI icchA ) kA nimitta hotA hai isalie arahanta bhagavAn ne use upacAra se 'parigraha' saMjJA dI hai aura paradravya ke tyAga ko 'aparigraha' sNjnyaa| isa prakAra niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ( nizcayanaya ) ke anusAra AtmA ke rAgAdipariNAma kI hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahma aura parigraha saMjJAe~ haiN| isake viparIta upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ( vyavahAranaya ) ke anusAra jIvaghAta ( prANavyaparopaNa ), asatyavacana, adattAdAna, maithuna evaM bAhyaparigraha ko ye saMjJAe~ dI gayI haiN| 1. "maithunmbrhm|" tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 2. "paradravye mamatvarUpamU parigraheNa tu niyamena bandho bhvti|" / pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 3/19 3. "icchA prigrhH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti, 211 4. "apariggaho anniccho|" vahI/AtmakhyAti, 211 5. (ka) "tasyobhayaprakArasyApi parigrahasya saMrakSaNe, upArjane, saMskaraNe, varddhanAdau vyApAro mano'bhilASaH mUrchA prtipaadyte|" tattvArthavRtti, 7/17 (kha) yadyevaM bhavati tadA parigraho na khalu ko'pi bahiraGgaH / bhavati nitarAM yato'sau dhatte mUrchAnimittatvam / / puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 113 6. "raagaadiprinntirnishcyhiNsaa|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 3/17

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nizcayanaya / 53 isI prakAra eka ora niyatasvalakSaNAvambI nizcayanaya se rAgAdi ke abhAva ko ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha nAma diye gaye haiM, dUsarI ora, upacArAvalambI vyavahAranaya se jIvaghAtanivRtti, asatyavacananivRtti, adattAdAnanivRtti, maithunanivRtti evaM bAhyaparigrahanivRtti ko ina nAmoM se saMketita kiyA gayA ina donoM dRSTiyoM ke abhiprAya ko samajhanevAlA vyakti jaba ina dRSTiyoM se vicAra karatA hai taba spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rAgAdipariNAma kI hI hiMsA Adi saMjJAe~ vAstavika haiM, jIvaghAtAdi kI avaastvik| jIvaghAtAdi ko prayojanavaza ye nAma diye gaye haiN| isI prakAra rAgAdi ke abhAva kI ahiMsAdi saMjJAe~ yathArtha haiM, aura jIvaghAtAdi se nivRtti ko dI gaI ye saMjJAe~ aythaarth| isa prakAra donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para manuSya ayathArtha ko yathArtha samajhane kI bhUla se baca jAtA hai| zubhAzubhapariNAmanivRtti kI 'vrata' saMjJA samasta zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se nivRtti arthAt svasvarUpa meM nizcalarUpa se sthita honA, jise paramasAmAyika aura nirvikalpa samAdhi bhI kahate haiM, vrata kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai, kyoMki usase zabhAzubha donoM prakAra ke karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA hotI hai| isalie niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi kA Azraya lekara sarvajJadeva ne ise 'vrata' saMjJA dI hai, jaisA ki zrI brahmadeva sUri ke nimnalikhita vacana se vidita hotA hai - "sarvazubhAzubhanivRttirUpANi nishcyvrtaani|" - samasta zubhAzubha bhAvoM se nivRtti nizcayavrata hai| / ata: jaba hama niyatasvalakSaNAvalimbanI nizcayadRSTi se vratoM ke svarUpa kA vicAra karate haiM taba isa nirNaya para pahu~cate haiM ki zubhAzubhabhAvoM se nivRtti hI vAstavika ( svalakSaNasammata ) vrata hai tathA jIvaghAta, aprazastavacana, adattAdAna, maithuna tathA bAhyaparigraha se virati ko upacAra se 'vrata' saMjJA dI gayI hai, kyoMki inake abhyAsa se hI jIva nizcayavrata ko grahaNa karane meM samartha hotA hai, isalie nizcayavrata ke sAtha inakA sAdhyasAdhaka sambandha hai| 1. "tataH paraM samastazubhAzupariNAmanivRttirUpaM svasvarUpe nizcalAvasthAnaM prmsaamaayik__vrtmaarohti|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 3/7 / 2. bRhadrvya saMgraha/brahmadevasUriTIkA/gAthA, 57 3. "nizcayena ... .'' smstshubhaashubhraagaadiviklpnivRttivrtm| vyavahAreNa tatsAdhakaM hiMsAnRtAsteyAbrahmaparigrahAcca yAvajjIvanivRttilakSaNaM paJcavidhaM vrtm| bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevasUriTIkA/gAthA, 35

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54 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana __ ata: jaba niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI dRSTi se dekhane para jIvaghAtAdi se nivRtti meM vrata kA lakSaNa dikhAI nahIM detA taba nizcaya hotA hai ki inheM upacAra se vrata kahA gayA hai, ye vAstavika vrata nahIM haiN| aura taba hama upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi kA Azraya kara upacAra ke nimitta aura prayojana kI anveSaNa karate haiM, taba jJAta hotA hai ki upacarita vratoM aura vAstavika vratoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva hai, isalie upacaritavrata kathaMcit upAdeya haiN| zuddhAtmasvarUpa meM avasthAna kI 'samiti' Adi saMjJAe~ nija zuddhAtmasvarUpa meM nizcalatApUrvaka sthita honA samiti kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai| isalie isakI niyatasvalakSaNAvalambI nizcayanaya se samiti saMjJA hai| isakI siddhi meM sahAyaka hone se samyak IryA ( yatnapUrvakagamana ), samyak bhASA ( hitamitapriyavacana ), samyak eSaNA ( samabhAvapUrvaka nirdoSa AhAra-grahaNa ), samyak AdAna-nikSepaNa ( kamaNDalu Adi ko yatnapUrvaka uThAnA-rakhanA ) tathA samyak vyutsarga ( nirbAdhasthAna meM malamUtra-visarjana ) ko jinendradeva ne upacAra se samiti saMjJA pradAna kI hai|' nija zuddhasvarUpa meM nizcalarUpa se sthita rahanA gupti kA niyatasvalakSaNa hai| ata: isakI niyatasvalakSaNa kI dRSTi se 'gupti' saMjJA hai| isakI siddhi meM sahAyaka hone se mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ke nirodha ko upacAra se trigupti nAma diyA gayA hai| svazuddhAtmasvabhAva meM pariNata honA dharma kA niyata svalakSaNa hai| ata: ise niyata svalakSaNa kI apekSA 'dharma' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isameM sAdhaka hone se azubha se nivRtti aura zubha meM pravRtti ko upacAra se dharma kahA gayA hai| 1. (ka) "nizcayena tu svasvarUpe samyag ito gataH pariNata: smitH| pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti 3/40 (kha) "vyavahAreNa tadbahiraGgasahakArikAraNabhUtAcArAdicaraNagranthoktA IryAbhASaiSaNAdAna nikSepotsargasaMjJAH pnycsmityH|" bRhadrvyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA, 35 2. "nizcayena sahajazuddhAtmabhAvanAlakSaNe gUDhasthAne saMsArakAraNarAgAdibhayAt svasyAtmano gopanaM ... guptiH| vyavahAreNa bahiraGgasAdhanArthaM manovacanakAyavyApAranirodho guptiH|" vahI, 35 3. "nijazuddhAtmapariNatirUpo nizcayadharmo bhvti| paJcaparameSThyAdibhaktipariNAmarUpo vyvhaardhrmstaavducyte|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 1/8

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nizcayanaya / 55 svazuddhAtmA ke cintana ( anubhUti ) meM lIna honA' niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA anuprekSA hai| tatsAdhaka hone se zarIrAdi ke anityatvAdi svabhAva kA jo bAra-bAra cintana kiyA jAtA hai, use upacAra se anuprekSA nAma diyA gayA hai| 1 nijazuddhAtmasvarUpa kI anubhUti se vicalita na honA niyatasvalakSaNa kI dRSTi se parISahajaya hai| isakI siddhi meM sahAyaka hone se jo kSudhAdi kI pIr3A ko samabhAva se sahA jAtA hai, use upacAra se parISahajaya kahA gayA hai| se nirvikAra nizcala cittavRtti' athavA zuddhopayoga nizcayaratnatraya kA lakSaNa hai| tatpariNata nijAtmA kA svarUpa svazuddhAtmasvarUpa kahalAtA hai / usameM caraNa karane ( sthita rahane ) se zubhAzubha karmoM kA unmUlana hotA hai| ataH svazuddhAtmasvarUpa meM caraNa niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA cAritra hai| isakI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka hone azubha se nivRtti evaM zubha meM pravRtti ko upacAra se cAritra saMjJA dI gaI hai| * svayaM ko apane zuddhasvarUpa meM saMyamita ( sthita ) karanA niyatasvalakSaNa kI dRSTi se saMyama hai / tatsAdhaka hone se SaTkAyika jIvoM ke vadha tathA indriyaviSayoM ke sevana se nivRtta hone ko upacAra se saMyama kahA gayA hai / " apane vItarAgajJAnadarzana sukhasvabhAva meM tapanA ( sthita honA ) niyatasva - lakSaNa kI apekSA tapa hai| usameM sAdhaka hone ke kAraNa anazanAdi bAhya tapoM ke lie upacAra se tapa saMjJA kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| 6 svazuddhAtmA meM zobhana adhyAya yA abhyAsa ( samyak pravRtti ) kI niyata - svalakSaNa se svadhyAya saMjJA hai| isakI siddhi meM sahAyaka hone se jinendrapraNIta 1. " samastarAgAdivibhAvaparityAgena tallIna - taccintana- tanmayatvena / ' bRhaddravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA / gAthA, 35 2. "nirvikAranizcalacittavRttirUpacAritrasya / " pravacanasAra/ tAtparyavRtti, 1 / 7 3. "zuddhopayogalakSaNanizcayaratnatrayapariNate svazuddhAtmasvarUpe caraNamavasthAnaM caaritrm|" .vahI / brahmadevaTIkA/ gAthA, 35 4. asuhAdo viNivittI suhe pavittI ya jANa cAritaM / vadasamidiguttirUvaM vavahAraNayAdu jiNabhaNiyaM / / vahI / gAthA, 45 "sakalaSaDjIvanikAyanizumbhanavikalpAt paJcendriyAbhilASavikalpAcca vyAvartyAtmanaH zuddhasvarUpe saMyamanAt / " pravacanasAra / tattvadIpikA, 1/14 6. "samastaparadravyecchAnirodhena tathaivAnazanAdidvAdazatapazcaraNabahiraGgasahakArikAraNena ca svasvarUpe pratapanaM vijayanaM nizcayatapazcaraNam / " bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA / gAthA, 52 5.

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56 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana 1 dravyazruta ke abhyAsa ( adhyayana ) ko upacAra se svAdhyAya nAma diyA gayA hai| nija zuddhasvarUpa meM cittavRtti ke avicalita rahane ko niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA dhyAna kahA gayA hai| isameM sAdhaka hone se paJcaparameSThI Adi ke svarUpacintana ko upacAra se dhyAna saMjJA dI gaI hai| 2 3 zuddhAtmapariNati Adi kI 'niHzaGkA' Adi saMjJAe~ sapta bhayoM se mukta hokara ghora upasarga aura parISaha kI sthiti meM bhI zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayaratnatraya meM lIna rahane kA jo guNa hai usakI niyatasvalakSaNa ke anusAra 'niHzaGkA' saMjJA hai| jinopadeza meM zaMkA kA abhAva isakI siddhi meM sahAyaka hai| ataH isa sahAyaka guNa ko upacAra se 'niHzaMkA' saMjJA dI gaI hai| dRSTa, zruta aura anubhUta indriyabhogoM kA tyAgakara nizcayaratnatraya kI bhAvanA se utpanna pAramArthika svAtmottha sukha ke AsvAdana meM tRpti anubhava karane kA jo guNa hai usakA niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA 'niSkAMkSA' nAma hai / ihaloka aura paraloka ke sukhoM kI AkAMkSA kA tyAga isakI prApti meM sahAyaka hai / isalie isa sahAyaka guNa ko upacAra se 'niSkAMkSA' nAma diyA gayA hai| " samasta rAgadveSAdi vikalpoM kA parityAga kara nirmala AtmAnubhUtirUpa nija zuddhAtmA meM sthita hone kA guNa niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA 'nirvicikitsA' zabda se saMketita hotA hai| muniyoM aura zrAvakoM kI zArIrika bIbhatsatA ko dekhakara ghRNA ke bhAva ko mana meM na Ane denA isakI siddhi meM sahAyaka hai| ataH isa sAdhaka 1. " svazuddhAtmani zobhanamadhyAyo'bhyAso nishcysvaadhyaayH|" bRhaddravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA / gAthA, 53 3. 2. "zuddhasvarUpe'vicalitacaitanyavRttirhi dhyAnam / " paJcAstikAya / tattvadIpikA / gAthA, 146 "paJcaparameSThibhaktyAdirUpeNa parAzritadharmadhyAnabahiraGgasahakAritvenAnantajJAnAdisvarUpo'hamityAdibhAvanAsvarUpamAtmAzritaM dharmadhyAnaM prApya bhAvamokSaM prApnotIti / " vahI / tAtparyavRtti/ gAthA, 150-151 4. " rAgAdidoSA ajJAnaM vA'satyavacanakAraNaM tadubhayamapi vItarAgasarvajJAnAM nAsti tataH kAraNAttatpraNIte heyopAdeyatattve mokSe mokSamArge ca bhavyaiH saMzayaH sandeho na karttavyaH / idaM vyavahAreNa samyaktvasya vyAkhyAnam / nizcayena punastasyaiva vyavahArani:zaGkAguNasya sahakAritvenehalokAtrANAguptimaraNavyAdhivedanAkasmikAbhidhAnabhayasaptakaM muktvA ghoropasargaparISahaprastAve'pi zuddhopayogalakSaNanizcayaratnatrayabhAvenaiva niHzaGkaguNo jJAtavya iti / " bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA, 41 5. vahI

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nizcayanaya / 57 guNa ko upacArata: 'nirvicikitsA' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai|' mithyAdRSTiyoM dvArA praNIta zAstroM ko par3ha-sunakara unase prabhAvita na honA amUDhadRSTiguNa kI utpatti kA hetu hai| ata: ise jinendradeva ne upacAra se amUr3hadRSTiguNa nAma diyA hai| isake prasAda se antastattva ( AtmA ) aura bahistattva ( zarIra ) kA nizcaya ho jAne para samasta paradravyoM meM Atmabuddhi, upAdeyabuddhi, hitabuddhi aura mamatvabhAva kA tyAgakara trigupti dvArA vizuddhajJAnadarzanasvabhAvAtmaka nijAtmA meM jo nizcalarUpa se sthita hone kA guNa hai, usakA niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA amUDhadRSTiguNa nAma hai| bhedAbhedaratnatrayarUpa mokSamArga to svabhAva se zuddha hai| usakA jaba ajJAniyoM yA azakta puruSoM ke dUSita AcaraNa se apavAda hotA hai taba Agama ke anusAra yathAzakti dhana kI sahAyatA se athavA dharmopadeza se jo doSa kA nivAraNa kiyA jAtA hai use upagUhana guNa kA sAdhaka hone se upacAra se upagRhanaguNa nAma diyA gayA hai| usakI sahAyatA se nijanirdoSaparamAtmA ke pracchAdaka mithyAtvarAgAdi doSoM kA svAtmA ke zraddhAna, jJAna aura anuSThAnarUpa dhyAna se jo pracchAdana arthAt vinAza kiyA jAtA hai usakI niyatasvalakSaNa kI dRSTi se upagRhanaguNa saMjJA hai|' bhedAbhedaratnatraya ke dhAraka cAturvarNa saMgha meM jaba koI darzanacAritramoha ke udaya se darzana, jJAna athavA cAritra ko chor3anA cAhatA hai taba Agama ke anusAra yathAzakti dharmopadeza se, dhana se athavA anya kisI bhI upAya se use jo dharma meM sthira kiyA jAtA hai use sthitIkaraNa meM sAdhaka hone se upacAra se sthitIkaraNa saMjJA dI gaI hai| usakI sahAyatA se dharma meM dRr3hatA ho jAne para mithyAtvarAgAdi ke abhAva se nijaparamAtmasvabhAvajanya sukhAmRta ke AsvAdana meM citta kA sthira honA niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA sthitIkaraNa hai|' bAhya aura Abhyantara ratnatraya ke dhAraka caturvidha saMgha se bachar3e se gAya ke samAna ni:svArtha prema karanA vAtsalya guNa kI abhivyakti kA nimitta hai| ata: ise upacAra se vAtsalya kahA gayA hai| isakI sahAyatA se jaba dharma meM dRr3hatA ho jAtI hai taba mithyAtvarAgAdi samasta zubhAzubhabhAvoM meM prIti kA abhAva hone para svazuddhAtmAnubhUtijanya paramAnanda ke AsvAdana meM jo prIti kA AvirbhAva hotA hai usakI niyatasvalakSaNa ke anusAra vAtsalyaguNa saMjJA hai|" 1. bRhadrvyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA, 41 / / 2. vahI 3. vahI 4. vahI 5. vahI

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58 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana zrAvaka dAnapUjA Adi ke dvArA tathA muni jJAna, tapa Adi ke dvArA jo jaina zAsana kI prabhAvanA karatA hai usase prabhAvanA guNa prakaTa hotA hai, ata: ise upacAra se prabhAvanAgaNa nAma diyA gayA hai| isake bala se mithyAtva-kaSAya Adi samasta vibhAvapariNAmarUpa paramatoM ke prabhAva ko naSTa kara zuddhopayogarUpa svasaMvedanajJAna ke dvArA vizuddhajJAnadarzanasvabhAvAtmaka nija AtmA kA anubhava karanA niyatasvalakSaNasammata prabhAvanA guNa hai|' hasane Adi kI 'hAsya' Adi saMjJAe~ hasane kI niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA hAsya saMjJA hai| jisa karmaskandha ke udaya se hAsya utpanna hotA hai usakI, kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karane se, upacArata: hAsya saMjJA hai - "hasanaM haas:| jassa kammakkhaMdhassa udaeNa hassaNimitto jIvassa rAgo uppajjai tassa kammakkhaMdhassa hasso ti saNNA, kAraNe kjjuvyaaraado|"2 bhIti kI mukhyataH bhaya saMjJA hai| jina karmaskandhoM ke udaya se jIva meM bhaya utpanna hotA hai unakI, kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karane se, upacArata: bhaya saMjJA hai - "bhiitirbhym| jehiM kammakkhaMdhehiM udayamAgadehi jIvassa bhayamuppajjai tesiM bhayamidi saNNA, kAraNe kjjuvyaaraado|" jIvoM kA sadRzapariNAma niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA 'jAti' hai| jisa karmaskandha se jIvoM meM atyanta sAdRzya utpanna hotA hai usa karmaskandha ko, kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake, upacAra se jAti nAma diyA jAtA hai - "jAtirjIvAnAM sdRshprinnaamH| ... jatto kammakkhaMdhAdo jIvANaM bhUo sarisattamuppajjade so kammakkhaMdho kAraNe kajjuvayArAdo jAdi tti bhnnnnde|" karmabhUmi niyatasvalakSaNa kI dRSTi se karmabhUmi hai| karmabhUmiyoM meM utpanna manuSyoM ko upacAra se karmabhUmi saMjJA dI gaI hai -- "kammabhUmIsuppaNNamaNussANamuvayAreNa kmmbhuumiivvdesaado|"5 svAtmA kA samyak zraddhAna niyatasvalakSaNataH samyaktva hai| samyaktva ke sAtha udita rahane se Apta, Agama aura padArthoM kI zraddhA meM zithilatA utpanna 1. bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA, 41 2. dhavalA/pustaka 6/sUtra 24/pR0 47 3. vahI 4. vahI/pustaka 6/cUlikA 1/sUtra 28/pR0 51 5. vahI/cUlikA 8/sUtra 11/pR0 245

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nizcayanaya / 59 karanevAlI karmaprakRti ko upacAra se samyaktva nAma diyA gayA hai|' ___mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala - ye pA~ca jJAna pramANa haiN| inameM prathama do parokSa pramANa haiN| yahA~ matijJAna 'prathama' ke niyata svalakSaNa kI apekSA prathama hai| krama meM dvitIya hone para bhI prathama kA samIpavartI hone se zrutajJAna kI upacArata: prathama saMjJA hai| dravyazruta ke adhyayana se utpanna bhAvazruta kI niyatasvalakSaNa ke abhiprAya se 'jJAna' saMjJA hai| jJAna kA nimitta hone se dravyazruta ke lie upacAra se 'jJAna' saMjJA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| samasta bAhya padArtha niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA 'padArtha' kahalAte haiN| unake nimitta se kevalI bhagavAna ke jJAna meM una padArthoM ke jJeyAkAra jhalakate haiN| unheM upacAra se padArtha kahA jAtA hai aura isa upacAra ke AdhAra para bhagavAn vyavahAranaya se sarvagata kahalAte haiN|' ina samasta prakaraNoM meM niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi evaM upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ke abhiprAya ko jAnanevAlA manuSya ina donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karake samajha letA hai ki niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA prayukta kI gayI saMjJA ( nAma ) vAstavika hai aura niyatasvalakSaNa ke binA upacAra se prayukta kI gayI saMjJA avaastvik| isa taraha vaha avAstavika ko vAstavika samajhane kI bhrAnti se baca jAtA hai| AtmAzritabhAvAvalambinI dRSTi se mokSAmArga kA nirNaya svAtmA kA zraddhAna, svAtmA kA jJAna aura svAtmalInatArUpa cAritra 1. "tattha attAgama-padatthasaddhAe jassodaeNa sithilattaM hodi, taM smmttN| kadhaM tassa sammattavavaeso ? sammattasahacaridodayattAdo uvayAreNa sammattamidi uccde|" dhavalA/pustaka 6/cUlikA 1/sUtra 11/pR0 39 2. "matizrutayoH prathamatvaM katham ? stym| prathamaM matijJAnaM tanmukhyam tasya samIpavartitvAdupacAreNa zrutamapi prthmmucyte|" tattvArthavRtti, 1/11 / 3. "zrutaM hi taavtsuutrm| tacca bhagavadarhatsarvajJopajJaM syAtkAraketanaM paudgalikaM shbdbrhm| tajjJaptirhi jnyaanm| zrutaM tu tatkAraNatvAt jJAnatvenopacaryata ev|" pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA, 1/34 4. "yena ca kAraNena nIlapItAdibahi:padArthA Adarza bimbavat paricchityAkareNa jJAne pratiphalanti tata: kAraNAdupacAreNArthakAryabhUtA arthAkArA apyA bhnnynte|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti 1/26 5. "vyavahAranayena bhagavAn sarvagata iti vypdishyte|" vahI/tattvadIpikA 1/26

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60 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana AtmAzrita ( AtmaviSayaka ) bhAva haiN| inakA mela niyama se mokSa kA hetu hai| isalie AtmAzritabhAva kA avalambana kara mokSamArga kA nirNaya karanevAlI dRSTi nizcayadRSTi (nizcayanaya ) hotI hai| usake dvArA avalokana karane para ina AtmAzrita bhAvoM kA samUha hI vAstavika mokSa-mArga ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai| isIlie AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai - 'AtmAzrito nizcayanayaH',' tathA 'AtmAzritanizcayanayAzritAnAmeva mucyamAnatvAt / arthAt AtmAzrita nizcayadRSTi se jJAna meM Ane vAle mokSamArga para jo calate haiM, ve hI mukta hote haiN| isake viparIta jIvAdi tattvoM kA zraddhAna, jIvAdi tattvoM kA jJAna evaM jIvarakSAdirUpa cAritra parAzrita ( paradravyaviSayaka ) bhAva haiN| inakA saMyuktarUpa niyama se mokSa kA hetu nahIM hai| jaba AtmAzrita mokSamArga ke avalambana kI sAmarthya arjita karane ke lie usakA Azraya kiyA jAtA hai taba paramparayA mokSa kA hetu hotA hai| kevala svargAdi prApta karane ke uddezya se avalambana karane para mokSa meM sahAyaka nahIM hotaa| ata: AtmAzrita nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka banakara paramparayA mokSa kA hetu hone se jinendradeva ne parAzrita samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra ke samUha ko upacAra se mokSamArga saMjJA dI hai jisase usakI paramparayA mokSahetutA evaM isa kAraNa upAdeyatA kI pratIti ho jaay| niSkarSa yaha ki AtmAzritabhAvAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi AtmAzrita samyagdarzanAdi para jAtI hai aura yuktipUrvaka unakI niyamena mokSahetutA ke darzana karatI hai aura isa taraha vaha vAstavika mokSamArga kA bodha karAtI hai, sAtha hI jise upacAra se mokSamArga saMjJA dI gayI hai usameM mokSamArga kA niyatasvalakSaNa na pAne ke kAraNa vaha use vAstavika mokSamArga ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM krtii| uparyukta sampUrNa vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nizcayanaya jJAtA kI vaha dRSTi hai jo mUla-padArtha, mUla-svabhAva, maulika bheda, maulika abheda, niyatasvalakSaNa evaM AtmAzrita bhAva ke AdhAra para vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karatI hai aura jJAtA ko ina sabakA tathA ina para Azrita vastu ke vibhinna dharmoM kA bodha karAtI hai| vaha dRSTi vyavahAranaya dvArA batalAye gaye rUpa ko vastu kA mUlarUpa nahIM mAnatI, usake dvArA nirUpita svabhAva ko vastu kA mUlasvabhAva nahIM mAnatI, usake dvArA dikhalAye 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 272 2. vahI 3. (ka) "parAzrito vyvhaarnyH|" vahI (kha) "evaM parAzritatvena vyavahAramokSamArga prokta iti|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 272

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nizcayanaya / 61 gaye guNa-guNI bheda ko maulika bheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatI, usake dvArA paradravya se jo sambandha darzAye gaye haiM, unheM vastu kI sattA ke bhItara asvIkAra karatI hai tathA paradravya ke nimitta se honevAle jo bhAva AtmA ke bhAva kahe gaye haiM, unheM AtmA kA svAbhAvika bhAva nahIM mAnatI, isI prakAra upacAra se jinheM jIvAdi padArtha kahA gayA hai, unheM vAstavika jIvAdi ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM krtii| niSkarSa yaha ki jJAtA kI nizcayanayarUpa dRSTi pudgalasaMyukta AtmA kI AtmA ke rUpa meM pratIti na karAkara mUla ( svatantra ) AtmA kI hI AtmA ke rUpa meM pratIti karAtI hai, darzanajJAnAdi svabhAvavizeSoM ko AtmasvabhAva ke rUpa meM na darzAkara eka caitanyabhAvarUpa mUlasvabhAva ko hI AtmasvabhAva ke rUpa meM darzAtI hai, AtmA aura darzanajJAnAdi guNoM meM jo saMjJAdi kA bheda hai usakA anubhava na karAkara pradeza kI apekSA jo abheda hai usakA hI anubhava karAtI hai, paradravya se jo bAhya sambandha haiM unakA bodha na karAkara unase jo pradezagata bhinnatA hai usakA hI bodha karAtI hai tathA AtmA meM jo karmanimittaka rAgAdibhAva utpanna hote haiM unakA AtmabhAva ke rUpa meM nizcaya na karAkara eka caitanyabhAva kA hI AtmasvabhAva ke rUpa meM nizcaya karAtI hai| isa prakAra vaha zuddha AtmA kA nizcaya karAtI hai| nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza ke prayojana aba isa bAta para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai ki nizcayanaya kA avalambana kara jo upadeza diyA jAtA hai usake prayojana kyA haiM ? mithyAdhAraNAoM kA vinAza anAdikAla se mithyAtva ke kAraNa tathA mithyA upadeza ke kAraNa AtmasvarUpa tathA mokSamArga ke viSaya meM jIva kI jo mithyA dhAraNAe~ calI AtI haiM, nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se ve naSTa ho jAtI haiM tathA AtmA ke maulika svarUpa evaM mokSa ke vAstavika mArga kA jJAna hotA hai jo samyagdarzana ke lie Avazyaka AcAya AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - "isa jIva ne anAdibaddhakarmoM ke dvArA viSayatRSNA utpanna kiye jAne ke kAraNa indriya sukha kI prApti ke upAyoM tathA indriyasukha kA to kAphI jJAna aura anubhava kiyA hai, isake bAre meM use dUsaroM se bhI kAphI upadeza milA hai aura usane bhI dUsaroM ko bahuta kucha sikhAyA hai, kintu, AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa kA na to Aja taka use svayaM jJAna ho pAyA hai, na hI use dUsaroM se prApta karane kA avasara milA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki AtmA kA zuddha caitanyasvabhAva kaSAyoM se mizrita hone ke kAraNa, eka to svayaM jIva kI

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62 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana dRSTi meM nahIM AtA, dUsare, jIva ne use jAnane ke liye kabhI AtmajJAniyoM kI saMgati nahIM kii| tAtparya yaha ki anAdimoha se grasta hone ke kAraNa jIva apane zuddha caitanyabhAvarUpa maulika svarUpa se aparicita hotA hai| AtmA atIndriya tattva hai, indriyoM se dikhAI nahIM detaa| saMsArAvasthA meM deha aura rAgAdi ke sAtha vaha isa prakAra ghulA-milA rahatA hai jaise dUdha aura paanii| isalie zarIra aura rAgAdi se pRthak tattva ke rUpa meM usakA bodha nahIM hotaa| jIva ko zarIra hI calatA-phiratA, khAtA-pItA, rAga-dveSa karatA, sukha-du:kha bhogatA tathA jItA-maratA dikhAI detA hai, ata: vaha use hI AtmA samajhatA hai, arthAt cetanA ko zarIra kA hI dharma mAnatA hai aura cetanA kA zarIra se pRthak astitva-bodha na hone ke kAraNa zarIra meM hI apanA astitva samajhatA hai| isalie zarIra ke utpanna hone se apanI utpatti mAnatA hai aura zarIra ke naSTa hone se apanA naash| kucha loga mAnate haiM ki rAgAdibhAvoM se alaga cetanA kI pratIti nahIM hotI, ata: rAgAdibhAva hI AtmA haiN| kucha kA mata hai ki sukha-duHkhAdi ke anubhava se bhinna koI cetana-tattva jJAna meM nahIM AtA, isalie sukha-duHkhAnubhUti hI AtmA hai|' __itanA hI nahIM, jIva ke sAtha saMsArAvasthA meM jina zarIra, parivAra, dhanadhAnya Adi padArthoM kA saMyoga hotA hai unake sAtha vaha apanA zAzvata sambandha mAnatA hai, arthAt apane ko akelA nahIM mAnatA, apitu saMsAra ke kucha padArthoM se sambaddha mAnatA hai, kisI ke sAtha apane ko pitA ke rUpa meM sambaddha mAnatA hai, kisI ke sAtha putra ke rUpa meM, kisI ke sAtha pati ke rUpa meM, kisI ke sAtha patnI ke rUpa meN| isI prakAra dhana-dhAnya se bhI apane ko sambaddha mAnatA hai|" jIva ke yoga aura upayoga ke nimitta se pudgaladravya karmarUpa meM badala jAtA hai tathA miTTI Adi dravya ghaTa Adi paryAyoM meM pariNata ho jAte haiM, isase vaha samajhatA hai ki maiM pudagalakarmoM tathA ghaTAdi paradravyoM kA kartA huuN|" usake yogopayoga ke nimitta se pudgala kI karma evaM ghaTa Adi paryAyeM naSTa bhI ho jAtI haiN| yaha dekhakara vaha mAnatA hai ki maiM paradravya kA vinAzaka huuN| isI prakAra dayAbhAva evaM yatnAcAra ke nimitta se parajIvoM ke zarIra kA ghAta nahIM ho pAtA tathA 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 4 2. "moha mahAmada piyo anAdi bhUla Apako bharamata vaadi|" chahaDhAlA, 1/2 3. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 39-43 4. vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 20-22 5. vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 105 /

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nizcayanaya / 63 hiMsAbhAva evaM pramattayoga ke nimitta se ho jAtA hai| isase vaha samajhatA hai ki maiM dUsaroM ko mAra sakatA hU~, bacA sakatA hU~, unakA bhalA-burA kara sakatA huuN| indriyoM ke sAtha iSTAniSTa viSayoM kA saMsarga hone se AtmA ko sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, jo AtmA kI hI paryAyoM kA vedana hai, kintu isa kAraNa jIva apane ko viSayoM kA bhoktA samajhatA hai| saMsAra ke padArtha sukha-duHkha ke hetu nahIM haiN| unake nimitta se mohI jIva svayaM sukha-duHkharUpa se pariNata hotA hai, kintu use padArtha hI sukha-duHkha ke srota pratIta hote haiN| isI prakAra zuddhopayogarUpa paramArtha mokSamArga se anabhijJa hone ke kAraNa vaha zubhapravRttiyoM ko hI mokSa kA paramArtha mArga mAna letA hai| isa prakAra anAdi mithyAtva tathA ekAntavyavahArAzrita mithyA upadeza ke phalasvarUpa athavA vyavahAra ko nizcayanirapekSa hokara grahaNa karane ke kAraNa jIva aneka mithyAdhAraNAoM ke jAla meM pha~sa jAtA hai| inakA vinAza nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza ke grahaNa karane se hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - "bhUyatthamassido khalu sammAiTThI havai jIvo'' arthAt mUlapadArthAvalambI nizcayanaya kA ( vyavahAranaya ke viSaya kA niSedha na karate hue ) Azraya lene se jIva samyagdRSTi hotA hai| samyagdarzana kI utpatti mithyAvikalpoM kA nAza hone para hotI hai| mithyAvikalpoM kA vinAza bhUtArtha ko jAnane se hotA hai| isa tathya kI ora dRSTi AkarSita karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai - "ajJAnI jIva aise mithyA vikalpa karatA hai ki maiM deha hU~, deha merA svarUpa hai, strI-putrAdi cetana padArtha tathA dhana-dhAnyAdi acetana padArtha mere haiM, mere the aura mere rheNge| kintu jaba bhUtArtha ( nizcayanaya dvArA darzita zuddha AtmasvarUpa ) ko jAna letA hai taba ye vikalpa chor3a detA hai|"2 AcArya amRtacandra likhate haiM - "jo sAdhu zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmaka nizcayanaya se nirapekSa hokara azuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmaka vyavahAranaya kA Azraya letA hai vaha mithyAtvagrasta hokara deha aura dhanAdi paradravya se mamatva nahIM chor3a paataa| phalasvarUpa zuddhAtmapariNatirUpa mokSamArga ko dUra se chor3akara azuddhAtmapariNatirUpa unmArga para hI calatA hai| isase siddha hai ki azuddhanaya ke Azraya se azuddhAtmA 1. samayasAra/gAthA, 11 2. vahI/gAthA, 20-23

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64 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kI hI prApti hotI hai| kintu jo sAdhu kevala sva-viSaya meM pravRtta hone vAle azuddhadravyanirUpaka vyavahAranaya kA virodha nahIM karatA, apitu madhyastha hokara zuddha dravyanirUpaNAtmaka nizcayanaya ke Azraya se moha ko dUra karatA hai use isa satya kI anubhUti ho jAtI hai ki na to kisI paradravya se merA sambandha hai, na kisI paradravya kA mujhse| maiM zuddhajJAnAtmaka eka akelA tattva huuN| isa anubhUti se vaha paradravyarUpa anAtmA ko chor3akara AtmA ko hI AtmA ke rUpa meM grahaNakara, AtmA meM hI dhyAna kendrita karatA hai| usa ekAgracintAnirodha ke samaya vaha zuddhAtmA hI raha jAtA hai| ata: nizcita hotA hai ki zuddhanaya se hI zuddhAtmA kI prApti hotI hai|" samayasArakalaza meM unhoMne kahA hai - "anAdikAla se hI ajJAnI jIvoM kI yaha mahAmithyA dhAraNA banI huI hai ki 'maiM paradravya kA kartA huuN|' yadi nizcayanaya ke grahaNa se yaha eka bAra bhI naSTa ho jAya to phira jIva kabhI bandhanagrasta nahIM ho sktaa|" nizcayanaya ke mahattva para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya amRtacandra samayasAra kI vyAkhyA meM kahate haiM - "jo jIva yaha mithyA mAnyatA rakhate haiM ki maiM zramaNa ( muni ) hU~ athavA zramaNopAsaka ( zrAvaka ) hU~, inhIM bAhya liMgoM se mujhe mokSa prApta ho jAyegA, ve vyavahArAbhAsI haiN| ve viveka se paripUrNa nizcayanaya kA avalambana na karane ke kAraNa paramArthasatya bhagavAn samayasAra ke darzana meM samartha nahIM hote| "munidharma aura zrAvakadharma ko vyavahAranaya se mokSamArga nAma diyA gayA hai, 1. "yo hi nAma zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmakanizcayanayanirapekSo'zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmaka___ vyavahAranayopajanitamohaH san ahamidaM mamedamityAtmAtmIyatvena dehadraviNAdau paradravye mamatvaM na jahAti " / " pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 2/98 2. "yo hi nAma svaviSayamAtrapravRttAzuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmakavyavahAranayAvirodhamadhyastha: zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmakanizcayanayApahastitamohaH san nAhaM pareSAmasmi na pare me santIti svaparayoH parasparasvasvAmisambandhamudbhUya " / " vahI, 2/99 AsaMsArata eva dhAvati paraM kurve'hamityuccakaiH durvAraM nanu mohinAmiha mahAhaGkArarUpo tamaH / tadbhUtArthaparigraheNa vilayaM yadyekavAraM brajet tatkiM jJAnaghanasya bandhanamaho bhUyo bhavedAtmanaH / / samayasAra/kalaza, 55 4. "ye khalu zramaNo'haM zramaNopAsako'hamiti dravyaliGgamamakAreNa mithyAhaGkAraM kurvanti te'nAdirUDhavyavahAravimUDhAH prauDhavivekaM nizcayamanArUDhAH paramArthasatyaM bhagavantaM samayasAraM na pshynti|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 413

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nizcayanaya / 65 ve paramArthataH mokSamArga nahIM haiM, zuddhAtmAnubhUti paramArthataH mokSamArga hai|' ataH jo vyavahAra ko hI paramArtha mAna lete haiM ve samayasAra ( zuddhAtmA ) kA anubhava nahIM kara paate| paramArtha ko hI paramArthabuddhi se grahaNa karane vAloM ko samayasAra kA anubhava hotA hai / ' 2 " jo manuSya vyavahAra ko hI paramArtharUpa se grahaNa karate haiM unakA paramArtha ko prApta kara pAnA asambhava hai / tuSa ko hI cAvala samajha lenevAle tuSa hI prApta karate haiM, cAvala nahIM / " " ye kathana isa tathya para prakAza DAlate haiM ki AtmA aura mokSamArga ke viSaya meM jIva kI jo anAdi mithyAbuddhiyA~ hotI haiM aura jo mithyA upadeza tathA nizcayanirapekSa vyavahAra ke avalambana se puSTa ho jAtI haiM, ve vyavahArasApekSa nizcayanaya kA Azraya lene se hI dUra hotI haiN| samyak dhAraNAoM kI utpatti nizcayanaya ke upadeza se anAdi mithyA dhAraNAoM kA vinAza hotA hai aura samyak dhAraNAe~ utpanna hotI haiN| nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza pAkara jIva ko yaha jJAna hotA hai ki maiM mUlataH zuddhacaitanyasvarUpa hU~, moharAgAdibhAva mere maulika svarUpa meM vidyamAna nahIM haiN| mere sAtha saMyukta pudgalakarma, zarIra tathA anya jar3apadArtha bhI mere svarUpa meM zAmila nahIM haiM, mujhase pRthak haiM, kyoMki ve jar3asvabhAvAtmaka haiN| strIputrAdi cetanapadArtha bhI mujhase bhinna haiM, kyoMki unake pradeza ( sattA ) bhinna haiN| maiM svarUpa ko chor3akara kisI bhI paradravya kA rUpa dhAraNa nahIM karatA, na hI kisI paradravya kI sattA merI saMttA ke bhItara samAviSTa hotI hai| isalie maiM na to paradravya kA kartA hU~, na bhoktA, na rakSaka, na nAzaka / isI prakAra paradravya bhI merA karttA - bhoktA Adi nahIM hai| maiM eka akhaNDa tattva hU~, mere guNaparyAya mujhase abhinna haiN| maiM mUlata: ekasvabhAvAtmaka hU~, anAdi aura ananta huuN| maiM na janma letA hU~, na maratA hU~ / sukha merA svabhAva hai| ataH merI anubhUti meM AnevAlA sukha mujhase hI udbhUta hotA hai, kisI paradravya se nahIM AtA / nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se apane isa maulika svarUpa kA jJAna hone para isakI prApti jIvana kA lakSya bana jAtI hai| 1. samayasAra / AtmakhyAti / gAthA, 414 2. " tato ye vyavahArameva paramArthabuddhyA cetayante te samayasArameva na cetayante / ya eva paramArthaM paramArthabuddhyA cetayante ta eva samayasAraM cetayante / " vahI 3. "vyavahAravimUDhadRSTayaH paramArthaM kalayanti no janAH / tuSabodhavimugdhabuddhayaH kalayantIha tuSaM na taNDulam / / vahI / kalaza, 242

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66 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana nizcayanaya dvArA diye gaye upadeza se jIva ko yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki mujhe saMsAra-bandhana meM bA~dhane vAlA mUlakAraNa merI apanI azuddha pariNati hai aura usase mukta hone kA upAya hai merA apanA zuddha pariNamana arthAt shuddhopyog| yaha jJAna hone para jIva zuddhAtmapariNAma ko hI sAdhane kA prayatna karatA hai| svapada kA nizcaya nizcayanaya jIva ko svapada kA bodha karAtA hai| AtmA meM dikhAI dene vAle bhAvoM meM se jo nizcayanaya se AtmA kA siddha hotA hai vahI usakA apanA pada hai arthAta AtmA ke sthita hone yogya sthAna hai, kyoMki vaha dhruva ( sthAyI ) hai aura vipadAoM se rahita hai| usameM sthita hokara AtmA nirAkulatA kA anubhava karate hue karmabandha se mukta ho jAtA hai| isalie vahI upalabdha karane yogya hai| AtmA kA vaha bhAva hai shuddhcaitnysvbhaav| darzanajJAnAdi guNa usase abhinna haiM tathA zarIrAdi paradravya evaM moharAgAdi parabhAva bhinna haiM, isalie advaita ( eka ) hone ke kAraNa, vaha zuddha hai| isake atirikta jitane bhI zarIrAdi paradravya evaM zubhAzubha bhAva haiM ve AtmasvarUpa se pRthak haiM tathA adhruva haiM, isa kAraNa vipadAoM ke sthAna ( saMsAra ke hetu ) haiM ata: AtmA ke pada nahIM hai ( usake sthita hone yogya sthAna nahIM haiM ) / nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se zuddhacaitanyasvabhAva ke hI Atmapada hone kA nizcaya hotA hai| nizcaya hone para jIva usameM sthita hone kA prayatna karatA hai aura karmabandhana kATakara mokSa pA letA hai| yaha nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza kA eka mahAn prayojana hai| 1. "iha khalu bhagavatyAtmani bahUnAM dravyabhAvAnAM madhye ye kila atatsvabhAvenopalabhya mAnA: aniyatatvAvasthAH, aneke, kSaNikA: vyabhicAriNo bhAvA: te sarve'pi svayamasthAyitvena sthAtuH sthAnaM bhvitumshkytvaadpdbhuutaaH| yastu tatsvabhAvenopalabhyamAno niyatatvAvasthaH, ekaH, nityaH avyabhicArI bhAvaH sa eka eva svayaM sthAyitvena sthAtuH sthAnaM bhavituM zakyatvAt pdbhuutH| tata: sarvAnevAsthAyibhAvAn muktvA sthAyibhAvabhUtaM paramArtharasatayA svadamAnaM jJAnamekamevedaM svaadym|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 203 2. ekameva hi tatsvAdyaM vipadAmapadaM padam / apadAnyeva bhAsante padAnyanyAni yatpuraH / / vahI/kalaza, 139 3. "na kiJcanApyanyat zuddhatvaM cAtmanaH paradravyavibhAgena, svadharmAvibhAgena caiktvaat|" pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA, 2/100 4. "evaM zuddha AtmA cinmAtrazuddhanayasya tAvanmAtra-nirUpaNAtmakatvAd ayameka eva ca dhruvatvAd upalabdhavyaH, kimnyairdhvniinaanggsnggcchmaanaanekmaargpaadpcchaayaasthaaniiyairdhruvaiH|" vahI/tattvadIpikA 2/100 /

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nizcayanaya / 67 manaHsthiti meM parivartana nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se jaba jIva svayaM ko deha se bhinna cinmAtra jyoti samajha letA hai, taba janma, jarA, mRtyu aura vyAdhi kA bhaya samApta ho jAtA hai| para meM Asakti nahIM rhtii| para ke kartA-hartA hone ke ahaMkAra se vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| isase paramazAnti kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| pratyeka jIva meM eka jaisI zaktiyA~ haiM, pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA banane kI yogyatA rakhatA hai, jIvoM kI isa samAnatA ke bodha se saba jIvoM ke prati samabhAva utpanna hotA hai, prANimAtra ke prati maitrI udita hotI hai| koI bar3A, koI choTA, koI U~cA, koI nIcA, koI spRzya, koI aspRzya, koI apanA, koI parAyA pratIta nahIM hotaa| sabameM samAnasvarUpAtmaka brahma ke darzana hote haiN| taba kisI ke prati na rAga kA bhAva rahatA hai, na dveSa kA, na hiMsA kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai, na ahNkaar| laukika jIvana maitrIpUrNa ho jAtA

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tRtIya adhyAya asadbhUtavyavahAranaya .. pUrva meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki jJAtA kI jo dRSTi sopAdhika ( paradravyasaMyukta) padArtha, aupAdhikabhAva, svabhAvavizeSa ( viziSTasvabhAva ), bAhyabheda, bAhyasambandha, parAzritabhAva evaM upacAra ke AdhAra para vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karatI hai use vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| inameM sopAdhika padArtha, aupAdhikabhAva, bAhyasambandha evaM upacAra asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke viSaya haiM tathA bAhyabheda evaM svabhAvavizeSa sadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke| parAzritabhAva bAhyasambandha meM garbhita hai| asadbhUtavyavahAranaya meM paraspara viparIta viSaya samAviSTa haiN| yaha vAstavika viSaya kA avalambana karake bhI pravRtta hotA hai aura avAstavika kA bhii| udAharaNArtha, sopAdhika padArtha, aupAdhikabhAva, bAhyasambandha tathA upacAra, ina cAra kA avalambana kara yaha vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karatA hai| inameM prathama tIna viSaya vAstavika haiM tathA antima arthAt upacAra ( upacAra se diyA gayA nAma ) avaastvik| yadyapi AlApaddhatikAra ne anyatra prasiddha dharma ke anyatra samAropaNa ko asadbhUtavyavahAra kahA hai aura asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko hI 'upacAra' saMjJA dI hai,' tathApi eka anya sUtra meM asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko bhinnavastusambandha kA bhI pratipAdaka kahA hai aura bhinnavastu-sambandha yathArtha hai| ata: asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya vAstavika padArtha bhI hai| isake atirikta karmoM ke udaya ke nimitta se hone vAlI manuSyAdi sopAdhika paryAyoM, moha-rAgAdi aupAdhika bhAvoM tathA karmoM ke upazama, kSayopazama Adi ke nimitta se honevAle aupAdhibhAvoM ko bhI, jo vAstavika haiM, jayasena Adi AcAryoM ne tathA paJcAdhyAyIkAra ne asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya batalAyA hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa isI adhyAya meM Age kiyA jAyegA tathA 'vyavahAra 1. "anyatra prasiddhasya dharmasyAnyatra smaaropnnmsdbhuutvyvhaarH| asadbhUtavyavahAra evo pcaarH|" AlApapaddhati/sUtra, 207-208 2. "bhinnvstusmbndhvissyo'sdbhuutvyvhaarH|" vahI/pAdaTippaNI/dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra, pR0 228 3. (ka) "azuddhanizcayo'pi zuddhanizcayApekSayA vyavahAra ev|" . samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 113-115

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 69 naya ke bheda' nAmaka adhyAya meM bhI isa para prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| yadi kevala anyatra prasiddha dharma ke anyatra samAropaNa ko asadbhUtavyavahAranaya mAnA jAya, to jaise miTTI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahanA sarvathA asatya hotA hai, vaise hI zarIrAdiparyAyoM aura rAgAdibhAvoM ko asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se sopAdhika jIva kI paryAyeM kahanA bhI miTTI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahane ke samAna sarvathA asatya ho jaayegaa| isI prakAra jIvapariNAma aura pudgalapariNAma meM nimitta-naimittika sambandha tathA paradravya aura AtmA meM jJeya-jJAyaka sambandha bhI asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se hI ghaTita hote haiN| ye sambandha bhI miTTI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahane ke samAna sarvathA mithyA siddha hoNge| ataH spaSTa hai ki asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya mAtra upacAra nahIM hai, apitu sopAdhika padArtha, tajjanya aupAdhikabhAva evaM paradravyasambandha kI vAstavikatA kA bodha karAnA bhI hai| phalasvarUpa isa naya ke vAstavika aura avAstavika viSayoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie yahA~ asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM : upAdhimUlaka, bAhyasambandhamUlaka evaM upcaarmuulk| prastuta adhyAya meM prathama tIna vAstavika viSayoM se sambandhita asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA hI anuzIlana kiyA jaayegaa| upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ( sopAdhikapadArthAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ) jo tattva vastu meM asvAbhAvikabhAva kI utpatti kA prayojaka ( preraka ) hotA hai, use upAdhi kahate haiM --- 'pryojkshcopaadhirityucyte|" usase yukta padArtha sopAdhika padArtha kahalAtA hai| jIva ke sAtha anAdi se zarIra aura dravyakarmoM ke rUpa meM pudgaladravya kA saMyoga hai, jisake nimitta se jIva kI aneka asvAbhAvika avasthAe~ hotI haiN| ata: pudgaladravya jIva kI upAdhi hai aura pudgalarUpa upAdhi se yukta jIva sopAdhika jiiv| ise azuddha jIva yA azuddhopAdAnAtmaka jIva bhI kahate haiN| isI prakAra jIva ke zubhAzubha pariNAma ke nimitta se pudgaladravya bhI ... (kha) api vA'sadbhUto'nupacaritAkhyo naya: sa bhavati yathA / krodhAdyA jIvasya hi vivakSitAzcedabuddhibhavAH / / paJcAdhyAyI/prathama adhyAya/zloka, 546 1. tarkabhASA/kezavamizra, pR0 75 2. "he bhagavan ! rAgAdInAmazuddhopAdAnarUpeNa kartRtvaM bhaNitaM tadupAdAnaM zuddhAzuddhabhedena kathaM dvidhA bhavatIti ? ttkthyte| aupAdhikamupAdAnamazuddhaM tptaayHpinnddvt| nirupAdhirUpamupAdAnaM zuddhaM pItatvAdiguNAnAM suvarNavat / " samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 102

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70 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana karmarUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai, ata: jIvarUpa upAdhi se yukta pudgaladravya sopAdhika pudgala hai| pudgalakarmarUpa upAdhi ke nimitta se jIva meM cAra prakAra ke bhAvoM kI utpatti hotI hai : audayika, aupazamika, kSAyopazamika evaM kssaayik| ye azuddha aura zuddha donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| pudgalakarmarUpa upAdhi kA jaba udaya hotA hai taba moharAgAdi azuddha bhAvoM kI utpatti hotI hai, jaba upazama, kSayopazama tathA ghAtikarmoM kA kSaya hotA hai taba ekadezazuddha bhAvoM kI aura jaba samasta pudgalakarmoM kA kSaya hotA hai taba pUrNazuddha bhAvoM kI utpatti hotI hai| kintu, ye zuddha hote hue bhI upAdhihetuka hone se svAbhAvika nahIM haiM, aupAdhika haiM, isalie zuddhacaitanyarUpa pAriNAmikabhAva ke samAna svabhAvabhAva na hokara vibhAvabhAva haiM, paramabhAva na hokara aparamabhAva haiM, svabhAva na kaMhalAkara parabhAva kahalAte haiN| mohanIya Adi karmoM ke udaya se jIva ke mithyAtva, kaSAya, ajJAna aura asaMyamarUpa pariNAma hote haiM, siddhatva tirohita ho jAtA hai, vaha manuSya, deva, tiryaMca aura nAraka paryAyoM meM saMsaraNa karatA hai, strI, puruSa, napuMsaka ye tIna liMga dhAraNa karatA hai tathA chaha lezyAoM kI avasthA ko prApta hotA hai| isalie jIva kI ye azuddha avasthAe~ aupAdhika haiM, svAbhAvika nhiiN| isa kAraNa inakA bodha sopAdhika padArtha kA avalambana karanevAlI dRSTi se dekhane para hotA hai| ata: jIva ke sAtha inakA sambandha upAdhimUlaka asadbhatavyahAranaya se ghaTita hotA hai| isI naya ke AdhAra para AcArya kundakunda ne rAga, dveSa, moha ko jIva kA svakIya pariNAma kahA hai, 'rAgo doso moho jIvasseva aNaNNapariNAmA' tathA AcArya jayasena ne jIva ko azuddhopAdAnarUpa se ( jo karmopAdhihetuka hai ) rAgAdi bhAvoM kA kartA kahA hai - 1. "tatrodayena yukta audyikH| upazamena yukta aupshmikH| kSayopazamena yuktaH kssaayopshmikH| kSayeNa yuktaH kssaayikH| pariNAmena yuktaH paarinnaamikH| ta ete paJca jiivgunnaaH| ttropaadhicturvidhtvnibndhnaashctvaarH| svabhAvanibandhana ek.|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA, 56 2. "sayogyayogiguNasthAnadvaye vivakSitaikadezazuddhanayena siddhasadRzaH prmaatmaa|" bRhadrvyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA, 14 3. "audayikAdicaturNAM vibhaavsvbhaavprbhaavaanaam|" niyamasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 13 evaM 110 4. samayasAra/gAthA, 371 5. "karmopAdhisamutpannatvAd azuddhaH, tatkAle taptAya:piNDavat tanmayAtvAcca nizcayaH, ityubhymelaapkenaashuddhnishcyobhnnyte|" bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA, 8

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 71 "ajJAnI jIvo'zuddhanizcayanayenAzuddhopAdAnarUpeNa mithyAtvarAgAdibhAvAnAmeva kartA, na ca drvykrmnnH|"1 - arthAt ajJAnIjIva azuddhanizcayanaya kI apekSA azuddha upAdAnarUpa meM mithyAtvarAgAdibhAvoM kA hI kartA hai, dravyakarma kA nhiiN| azuddhanizcayanaya azuddha upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA hI nAmAntara hai|' asadbhUta kA artha hai jo jIva meM svataHsiddha nahIM hai, upAdhimUlaka se abhiprAya hai jo upAdhi ke kAraNa utpanna huA hai aura vyavahAra kA artha hai use jIva se sambandha dekhanA yA drshaanaa| / yadi sopAdhikapadArthAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi se na dekhakara mUlapadArthAvalambinI nizcayadraSTi se dekhA jAya, to jIva meM moharAgAdi audayika bhAvoM kA astitva dikhAI nahIM degA, kyoMki karmopAdhirahita zuddha Atmadravya moharAgAdisvabhAvAtmaka nahIM hai, zuddhacaitanyasvabhAvAtmaka hai| mohanIya karma ke upazama se jIva meM aupazamika samyagdarzana evaM aupazamika samyakcAritra kI abhivyakti hotI hai| jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se jIva ke jJAnaguNa kI mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya, kumati, kuzruta evaM kuavadhi ( vibhaMga ) paryAyeM tathA darzanAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se darzanaguNa kI cakSurdarzana, acakSurdarzana evaM avadhidarzana ye tIna paryAyeM prakaTa hotI haiN| mohanIya ke kSayopazama se samyagdarzana, samyakcAritra tathA saMyamAsaMyama kA evaM antarAya ke kSayopazama se dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga evaM vIrya ina pA~ca labdhiyoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| mohanIya karma kA kSaya hone para kSAyika samyaktva, evaM kSAyika samyakcAritra tathA jJAnAvaraNAdi kA kSaya hone para kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, anantasukha, anantavIrya evaM dAnAdi kSAyika labdhiyA~ udita hotI haiN| isalie jIva kI ye paryAyeM bhI aupAdhika haiM, jisase inake jIvasambaddha hone kA jJAna sopAdhikapadArthAvalambinI asadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi se nirIkSaNa karane para hotA hai| mUlapadArthAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi jIva ke zuddhacaitanyarUpa pAriNAmika bhAva para hI jAtI hai, ata: usake dvArA dekhane para jIva meM ina aupAdhika bhAvoM kA astitva siddha nahIM hotaa| 1. samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 102 / 2. "sa cAzuddhanizcayo yadyapi dravyakarmakartRtvarUpAsadbhUtavyavahArApekSayA nizcayasaMjJAM labhate tathApi zuddhanizcayApekSayA vyavahAra ev|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 102 3. "bahirdRSTyA navatattvAnyamUni jIvapudgalayoranAdibandhaparyAyamupetyaikatvenAnubhUyamAnatAyAM bhuutaarthaani| atha caikjiivdrvysvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthaani|" vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA, 13

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72 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana yataH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra jIva kI aupazamika, kSAyopazamika evaM kSAyika paryAyeM haiM, inhIM kA sammilita rUpa zuddhopayoga kahalAtA hai jo mokSa kA vAstavika mArga hai, ata: zuddhopayogarUpa mokSamArga bhI jIva kI aupAdhika paryAya hai|' isalie sopAdhikapadArthAvalambinI asadbhUta vyavahAradRSTi se dekhane para hI jIva meM isa paryAya ke astitva kA bodha hotA hai| nirupAdhika mUlapadArthAvalambinI dRSTi se dekhane para isakA astitva dikhAI nahIM detaa| AcArya kundakunda ne isa ( mUlapadArthAvalimbanI ) dRSTi kA avalambanakara uparyukta samasta bhAvoM kA jIva meM abhAva batalAyA hai, kyoMki jIva ke sAtha unakA svAbhAvika sambandha nahIM hai, apitu aupAdhika sambandha hai| samayasAra kI chaha gAthAoM meM unhoMne varNa se lekara guNasthAnaparyanta aneka bhAvoM ke jIva meM hone kA niSedha kiyA hai jinameM uparyukta sabhI audayika, aupazamika, kSAyopazamika evaM caturdaza guNasthAna taka ke kSAyika bhAva A jAte haiN| ve kahate haiM - "( nizcanayanaya se vicAra karane para nizcita hotA hai ki ) jIva meM na varNa hai, na gandha hai, na rasa hai, na sparza hai, na rUpa hai, na zarIra hai, na saMsthAna hai, na saMhanana hai| jIva meM na rAga hai, na dveSa hai, na moha hai, na pratyaya haiM, na karma haiM, na nokrm| jIva meM na varga haiM, na vargaNA haiM, na sparddhaka haiM, na adhyAtmasthAna haiM, na anubhaagsthaan| jIva meM na yogasthAna haiM, na bandhasthAna, na udayasthAna, na maargnnaasthaan| jIva meM na sthitibandhasthAna haiM, na saMklezasthAna, na vizuddhisthAna, na sNymlbdhisthaan| jIva meM na jIvasthAna haiM, na gunnsthaan| ye saba pudgalakarmanimittaka hone se pudgala ke pariNAma haiN| cU~ki ye karmopAdhi ke nimitta se jIva meM hote haiM, isalie nirupAdhika ( mUla ) padArthAvalambinI dRSTi se dekhane para jIva meM inakA astitva dikhAI nahIM detA, sopAdhikapadArthAvalambinI dRSTi se dekhane para hI dikhAI detA hai| isalie AcArya kundakunda ne nizcayanaya se niSedhakara vyavahAranaya ( upAdhikamUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ) se inheM jIva kA kahA hai - vavahAreNa du ede jIvassa havaMti vaNNamAdIyA / guNaThANaMtA bhAvA Na du keI NicchayaNayassa / / ' 1. "tatra ca yadA kAlAdilabdhivazena bhavyatvazaktervyaktirbhavati tadAyaM jIvaH sahajazuddha pAriNAmikabhAvalakSaNanijaparamAtmadravyasamyakzraddhAnajJAnAnucaraNaparyAyeNa . prinnmti| tacca pariNamanam AgamabhASayaupazamika-kSAyopazamika-kSAyikaM bhAvatrayaM bhnnyte| adhyAtmabhASayA puna: zuddhAtmabhimukhapariNAmaH zuddhopayoga ityAdi paryAyasaMjJAM lbhte|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 320 2. vahI/gAthA, 50-55 3. vahI/gAthA, 56

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 73 - arthAt ye varNa se lekara guNasthAnaparyanta bhAva vyavahAranaya se jIva ke haiM, nizcayanaya se nahIM / yataH upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se hI jIva ke sAtha inakA sambandha siddha hotA hai, ataH zrI mAilladhavala ne inheM spaSTata: asadbhUta evaM upacArita kahA hai www uvasamakhayamissANaM tihnaM ekkovi Na hu asabbhUo / No vattavvaM evaM so vi guNo jeNa uvayario / / -- - aupazamika, kSAyika aura mizra ( kSAyopazamika ) ina tInoM meM se koI bhI bhAva AtmA meM asadbhUta ( svabhAvata: asat ) nahIM hai, aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie, kyoMki ye saba bhI upacarita ( upAdhimUlaka ) haiN| bAhyasambandhamUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ( bAhyasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ) paradravya ke sAtha jo sambandha hotA hai use bAhya sambandha kahate haiM / paradravyoM ke sAtha jIva ke vividha bAhya sambandha hote haiM, jaise saMzleSasambandha, saMyogasambandha, nimittanaimittikasambandha, jJeyajJAyakasambandha, sAdhyasAdhakasambandha, AdhArAdheyasambandha ityaadi| ina sambandhoM kA nizcaya' bAhyasambandhAvalambinI dRSTi yA bAhyasambandhamUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se dekhane para hotA hai| yahA~ una sambandhoM para dRSTipAta kiyA jA rahA hai| jIva aura pudgala ke saMzleSasambandha kA nizcaya anAdi se jIva aura pudgala kA nIra-kSIra ke samAna eka kSetrAvagAha - sambandha hai, ise saMzleSasambandha kahate haiN| zarIra aura karmarUpa pudgala ke saMzleSa se hI jIva kI kevalajJAnAdi zaktiyA~ tirohita haiM aura vaha deha - kArAgAra meM bandI hokara nAnA prakAra ke duHkha bhogatA hai|' AcArya kundakunda ne uparyukta varNAdi-guNasthAnaparyanta bhAvoM meM jo varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, rUpa, zarIra, saMsthAna, saMhanana, karma, nokarma ityAdi pudgala ke pariNAma haiM, unake sAtha jIva kA dUdha aura pAnI ke samAna 1. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra / gAthA, 292 2. yahA~ 'nizcaya' zabda 'nirNaya' kA paryAyavAcI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne bhI isa artha meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai ' evaM vavahArassadu viNicchao NANadaMsaNacAritte / ' samayasAra / gAthA, 365 3. " AtmA hi jJAnadarzanasukhasvabhAvaH saMsArAvasthAyAmanAdikarmaklezasaGkocitAtmazaktiH / " paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 29

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74 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana parasparavagAharUpa ( saMzleSa ) sambandha batalAyA hai - eehiM ya saMbaMdho jaheva khIrodayaM muNedavvo / Na ya huMti tassa tANi du uvaogaguNAdhiko jamhA / / ' - arthAt ina ( pudgaladravya ke pariNAmoM ) ke sAtha AtmA kA sambandha nIra-kSIra ke sambandha ke samAna parasparAvagAharUpa samajhanA caahie| AtmA cetana hai aura ye acetana, isalie inake sAtha AtmA kA tAdAtmya sambandha na hone se ye AtmA ke nahIM haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai ki AtmA aura zarIra parasparAvagADharUpa se avasthita haiM - prspraavgaaddhaavsthaayaamaatmshriiryoH| nimnalikhita gAthA meM AtmA aura pudgalakarma ke paraspara saMzleSa kA kathana kiyA gayA hai - AdA kammamalimaso pariNAmaM lahadi kammasaMjuttaM / tatto silisadi kammaM tamhA kammaM tu pariNAmo / / - AtmA anAdi se pudgalakarmoM se malina hai, isa kAraNa rAgAdirUpa se pariNamana karatA hai| isase navIna karmapudgala Akara AtmA se saMzliSTa ho jAte haiN| isalie rAgAdipariNAma hI karma hai| AtmA aura pudgalakarmoM kA saMzleSa hI bandha zabda se prarUpita kiyA gayA sapadeso appA kasAyido moharAgadosehiM / kammarajehiM siliTTho baMdho tti parUvido samaye / / - lokAkAzapramita asaMkhyeya pradezoMvAlA hone se AtmA moharAgadveSa se kaSAyita hokara karmaraja se saMzliSTa ho jAtA hai, use hI Agama meM bandha kahA gayA AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI aisA hI kahA hai - "evaM jIvapudgalayoH parasparAvagAhalakSaNasambandhAtmA bandha: siddhyet|"5 1. samayasAra/gAthA, 57 2. vahI, AtmakhyAti, gAthA 27 3. pravacanasAra, 2/29 4. vahI, 2/96 5. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 69-70

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 75 jIva aura pudgala meM parasparAvagAhasambandharUpa bandha siddha hotA hai / aura unhoMne yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki jaba AtmA kA anAdibaddhaspRSTatva paryAya se anubhava kiyA jAtA hai taba usakA baddhaspRSTatva ( karmoM se baddha honA ) bhUtArtha ThaharatA hai -- "tathAtmano'nAdibaddhaspRSTatvaparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAM baddhaspRSTatvaM bhUtArtham / '' isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki paradravyasaMzleSasambandhAvalambinI asadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi se dekhane para hI AtmA ke karmabaddha hone kI vAstavikatA dRSTi meM AtI hai| AcArya kundakunda ke "jIve kammaM baddhaM puDhaM cedi vavahAraNayabhaNidaM"" isa kathana se bhI yahI bAta siddha hotI hai| Agama meM jIva aura pudgala ke vizleSasambandha kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai / yathA "bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH / " ,3 - bandhahetuoM ke abhAva tathA nirjarA ke dvArA samasta karmoM kA AtmA se vizleSa honA mokSa hai| "jIvena sahAtyantavizleSaH karmapudgalAnAM ca mokSa iti / ' - karmapudgaloM kA jIva se atyanta vizleSa honA mokSa kahalAtA hai / jIva aura pudgala kA yaha saMzleSa aura vizleSa sambandha bAhyasambandhAvalambinI asadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi se avalokana karane para dRSTigocara hotA hai / " nizcayadRSTi jIva aura pudgala ke pradezabhedarUpa maulika bheda kA hI avalambana karatI hai / ataH usase avalokana karane para saMzleSasambandha abhUtArtha ThaharatA hai| isase vizleSasambandha svataH abhUtArtha siddha ho jAtA hai| lwr jIva aura zarIra ke kathaMcit abheda kA nizcaya paradravya-saMzleSasambandhAvalambinI asadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi se dekhane para hI jIva aura zarIra ke kathaMcit abheda kI pratIti hotI hai| jIva aura zarIra kA saMzleSa anokhA saMzleSa hai / kinhIM bhI anya vastuoM ke saMzleSa kI upamA se isakA yathAvat bodha nahIM karAyA jA sakatA / zarIra aura 1. samayasAra / AtmakhyAti /gAthA 14 2 . vahI / gAthA, 141 3. tattvArthasUtra, 10 / 2 4. paJcAstikAya / tattvadIpikA/gAthA 108 5. " nanu varNAdayo bahiraGgAstatravyavahAreNa kSIranIravat saMzleSasambandho bhavatu """ samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 57 ***

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76 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana AtmA kA mela bilakula vaisA nahIM hai jaisA nIra aura kSIra kA, ghI aura ghar3e kA athavA zarIra aura vastra kA hotA hai| zarIra se saMyukta vastra ko yadi cIrA-phAr3A jAya to zarIra ko athavA zarIra ke dvArA AtmA ko pIr3A nahIM hotI, kinta AtmasaMyukta zarIra ko chinna-bhinna kiyA jAya to AtmA ko pIr3A hotI hai| nIra aura kSIra ke saMzleSa meM donoM meM se kisI ko isa pIr3A kA anubhava sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM acetana haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki zarIra aura AtmA kA mela anokhA hai, anya samasta vastuoM ke mela se bhinna hai, nIra-kSIra ke mela se kucha viziSTa hai| mela ke isa anokhepana yA vaiziSTya ko hI abheda kahA gayA hai jo vAstavika hai| AcArya jayasena ne isa vilakSaNa abheda kI vAstavikatA ko nimna vyAkhyAna meM prakAzita kiyA hai - kazcidAha jIvAt prANA bhinnA abhitrA vA ? yadyabhitrAstadA yathA jIvasya vinAzo nAsti tathA prANAnAmapi vinAzo naasti| kathaM hiMsA ? atha bhinnastarhi jIvasya prANaghAte'pi kimAyAtam ? tatrApi hiMsA naastiiti| tanna, kAyAdiprANaiH saha kathaJcida bhedaabhedH| kathamiti cet taptAya:piNDavad vartamAnakAle pRthaktvaM kartuM nAyAti tena kAraNena vyvhaarennaabhedH| nizcayena punamaraNakAle kAyAdiprANA jIvena sahaiva na gacchanti tena kAraNena bhedH| yadyekAntena bhedo bhavati tarhi yathA parakIye kAye chidyamAne bhidyamAne'pi du:khaM na bhavati tathA svakIyakAye'pi duHkhaM na praapnoti| na ca tathA prtykssvirodhaat| nanu tathApi vyavahAreNa hiMsA jAtA, na tu nizcayeneti ? satyamuktaM bhavatA, vyavahAreNa hiMsA tathA pApamapi nArakAdiduHkhamapi vyavahAreNetyasmAkaM smmtmev| tanArakAdiduHkhaM bhavatAmiSTaM cettarhi hiMsAM kurut| bhItirasti iti cet tarhi tyjytaamiti|" -kucha loga prazna karate haiM ki zarIrAdi prANa jIva se bhinna haiM yA abhinna ? yadi abhinna haiM to jaise jIva kA vinAza nahIM hotA vaise hI prANoM kA bhI nahIM ho sakatA, taba hiMsA kaise sambhava hai ? yadi prANa bhinna haiM to jIva ke prANoM kA ghAta hone para bhI kyA pharka par3atA hai ? isa sthiti meM bhI hiMsA nahIM ho sktii| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki zarIrAdi prANoM ke sAtha jIva kA kathaMcid bheda bhI hai aura abheda bhii| kaise ? jaise tapta loha-piNDa se agni ko alaga karanA sambhava nahIM hai, vaise hI vartamAna paryAya meM prANoM ko jIva se pRthak karanA asambhava hai| isa kAraNa vyavahAranaya se abheda hai| kintu maraNakAla meM kAyAdi prANa jIva ke sAtha nahIM jAte isa kAraNa bheda hai| yadi sarvathA bheda ho, to jaise dUsare ke zarIra 1.samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 332-344

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 77 ke chinna-bhinna kiye jAne para hameM duHkha nahIM hotA vaise hI apane zarIra ke chinnabhinna kiye jAne para bhI nahIM honA caahie| kintu aisA nahIM hotA, yaha pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai| prazna : isa taraha bhI hiMsA vyavahAranaya se ghaTita hotI hai, nizcayanaya se nhiiN| samAdhAna : Apane ThIka khaa| hiMsA vyavahAranaya se hI siddha hotI hai| isI prakAra pApa bhI evaM narakAdi ke du:kha bhI vyavahAranaya se hI ghaTita hote haiN| yaha hameM mAnya hai| isalie yadi narakAdi ke du:kha Apako acche lagate hoM, to hiMsA kIjie, yadi unase bhaya ho to tyAga diijie|" isa prakAra zarIrAdi prANoM ke sAtha jIva kA kathaMcit abheda vAstavika hai| yadyapi vyavahAranaya paradravyasambandhAvalambI hone se abhUtArtha hai' tathApi jIva kI paradravyasambaddha avasthA evaM jIva aura zarIra ke kathaMcit abheda kI pratIti usI ke dvArA hotI hai, mUlapadArthAvalambI nizcayanaya se yaha sambhava nahIM hai| paradravya ke sAtha nimitta-naimittikasambandha kA nizcaya paradravyasambandha kI dizA se avalokana karane vAle asadbhUta vyavahAranaya ke dvArA isa sambandha kI bhI pratIti hotI hai| ata: yaha paramArthabhUta hai, kAlpanika nhiiN| tattvArthazlokavArtikakAra ne yaha bAta spaSTa kI hai - ___ "tadevaM vyavahAranayasamAzrayaNe kAryakAraNabhAvo dviSThaH sambandhaH saMyogasamavAyAdivat pratItisiddhatvAt pAramArthika eva na puna: klpnaaropitH|"2 - isa prakAra vyavahAranaya kA Azraya lene para do padArthoM meM rahanevAlA kAryakAraNabhAva ( nimittanaimittika ) sambandha saMyoga-samavAyAdi sambandhoM ke samAna pratIti meM AtA hai| ata: pratItisiddha hone ke kAraNa pAramArthika ( yathArtha ) hI hai, kalpanAropita nhiiN| yaha sambandha anekarUpoM meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| saMsArAvasthApanna jIva aura pudgalakarmoM meM isa sambandha ke astitva kA varNana karate hue AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - jIvapariNAmahe, kammattaM puggalA pariNamaMti / puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvo vi pariNamai / / ' 1. "yadyapyaM vyavahAranayo bahirdravyAlambanatvenAbhUtArthastathApi "" "" / " samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 46 2. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1/7 3. samayasAra/gAthA, 80

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78 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ___ - jIva ke zubhAzubha pariNAmoM ke nimitta se pudgalaparamANu karmarUpa se pariNamita ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra pudgalakarmoM ke nimitta se jIva bhI zubhAzubhabhAvarUpa pariNamana karatA hai| sAtA-asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se jIva sukha-duHkharUpa se pariNamita hotA hai| AtmA ke zuddhopayogarUpa svabhAva ke nimitta se karmapudgala saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSarUpa se pariNamana karate haiN|' sAtA-asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se iSTAniSTa indriyaviSayoM kA sAnnidhya prApta hotA hai| indriyaviSayoM kA sAnnidhya AtmA kI sukhaduHkhAtmaka pariNati meM nimitta banatA hai| jIva ke yoga ( AtmapradezoM ke parispandarUpa prayatna ) aura upayoga ( icchAdirUpa pariNAma ) ke nimitta se miTTI Adi padArtha ghaTa-paTAdi rUpa se pariNamita hote haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai - jIvo Na karedi ghaDaM Neva paDaM sesage davve / joguvaogA uppAdagA ya tesiM havadi katA / / ' - jIva na to ghaTa utpanna karatA hai, na paTa, na anya drvy| usake yogopayoga ina dravyoM ke ( nimittarUpa se ) kartA haiN| jIva ina yoga aura upayoga kA kartA hotA hai| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya amRtacandra likhate haiM - "jo ghaTAdi athavA krodhAdi paradravyAtmaka kArya haiM unheM AtmA vyApyavyApakabhAva se utpanna nahIM karatA, kyoki isase AtmA ke ghaTAdimaya athavA krodhAdimaya hone kA prasaMga AtA hai| nimittanaimittikabhAva se bhI utpanna nahIM karatA, kyoMki isa taraha AtmA ke nitya hone se inakI nitya utpatti kA prasaMga AtA hai| isalie AtmA ke anitya yoga aura upayoga hI inake nimittarUpa se kartA haiN| cUMki yoga AtmA ke pradezoM kA calanarUpa vyApAra hai tathA upayoga AtmA ke caitanyasvabhAva 1. "zubhAzubhakarmanimittasukhaduHkhapariNAmAnAm / " paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 27 2. vahI/gAthA 108 3. "pudgalakarmavipAkasampAditaviSayasannidhipradhAvitAM sukhaduHkhapariNatiM. " / " samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 84 4. vahI/gAthA 100 5. "iti paramparayA nimittarUpeNa ghaTAdiviSaye jIvasya kartRtvaM syaat|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 100

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 79 kA rAgAtmaka pariNAma hai, ata: kadAcit ajJAnAvasthA meM vaha inakA kartA hotA hai, kintu paradravyAtmaka karma kA kartA kabhI nahIM hotaa|" tAtparya yaha ki jIva ke yoga aura upayoga ghaTAdi kAryoM kI utpatti ke nimitta kAraNa hote haiN| ___ AtmA jJAnasvabhAva hai tathA loka ke padArtha jJeyasvabhAva! jJAnasvabhAva AtmA ke nimitta se padArthoM kA jJeyasvabhAva pariNamita hotA hai, arthAt ve jJAnasvabhAvAtmaka AtmA meM pratibimbita hote haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, jJeyoM ke AkAra jJAna meM jhalakate haiN| tathA padArthoM ke nimitta se AtmA kA jJAnasvabhAva pariNamita hotA hai, arthAt padArthoM ke AkAroM ko grahaNa karatA hai, apane meM jhalakAtA hai| ise jJAna kA jJeyAkAramaya pariNamana kahate haiN| dharma, adharma AkAza aura kAla, ye dravya kramaza: jIva kI gati, sthiti, avagAha tathA vartanA ke nimitta haiN| cU~ki karmoM kA udaya dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva evaM bhava ke nimitta se hotA hai, isalie kadAcit eka jIva dUsare jIva ke krodhAdi ke udaya kA nimitta bana jAtA hai| bAhya parigraha ke nimitta se jIva meM mUrchA kI utpatti ho jAtI hai| kSetravizeSa yA kAlavizeSa bhayAdi kaSAya kI utpatti kA nimitta ho jAtA hai| tathaiva deva, zAstra aura guru ke nimitta se jIva ke moharAgadveSa kA vilaya hotA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - jiNasatthAdo aDhe paccakkhAdIhiM bujjhado NiyamA / khIyadi mohovacayo tamhA satthaM samadhidavvaM / / -jo jinazAstra se pratyakSAdi pramANoM ke dvArA zuddhAtmAdi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, usakA moha niyama se kSINa hotA hai| ata: zAstroM kA acchI taraha adhyayana karanA caahie| tathA - ajJAnatimirAndhAnAM jJAnAJjanazalAkayA / cakSurunmIlitaM yena tasmai zrIguruve namaH / / - jo ajJAnarUpI andhakAra se andhe the unake netroM ko jinhoMne jJAnarUpI 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti, gAthA 100 2. "NANI NANasahAvo aTThA NeyappagA hi nnaanniss|" pravacanasAra 1/28 3. "jJAnI cArthAzca svalakSaNabhUtapRthaktvato na mitho vRttimAsAdayanti, kintu teSAM jJAnajJeya svbhaavsmbndhsaadhitmnyonyvRttimaatrmsti|" vahI/tattvadIpikA 1/28 evaM 36 4. pravacanasAra, 1/86

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80 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana aMjana kI zalAkA se unmIlita kara diyA, una zrIguru ko namaskAra karatA hU~ / isa prakAra paradravyoM ke sAtha AtmA kA kaI prakAra se nimitta - naimittika sambandha sthApita hotA hai| isa sambandha kI pratIti asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se hotI hai, kyoMki yahI naya paradravyasambandha kI dizA se vastu kA avalokana karatA hai / nizcayanaya kI dRSTi to bhinna vastuoM ke maulika bheda para hI jAtI hai, jisase usake anusAra isa sambandha kA astitva hI siddha nahIM hotA / paradravyoM ke sAtha saMyogasambandha kA nizcaya karmodayavaza jIva ke sAtha zarIra, pati-patnI, santAna, dhana-sampatti, indriya-viSaya Adi bAhya padArthoM kA saMyoga hotA hai, jo jIva ke moharAgadveSa ke udaya tathA sukha-duHkhAtmaka pariNati kA nimitta banatA hai| saMyogasambandha kA nirUpaNa AcAryoM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai| paMthe pahiyajaNANaM jaha baMdhujaNANaM ca tahA - jaise mArga meM pathikoM kA kSaNamAtra ke lie saMyoga hotA hai vaise hI AtmA ke sAtha ( mAtA-pitA, pati-patnI, putra- mitrAdi ) bandhujanoM kA saMyoga alpakAla ke lie hotA hai| saMjoo havei khaNamittaM / saMjoo addhuo hoi || jIva ma jANahi appaNau~ gharu pariyaNu taNu iTTu | kammAyattau kArimau Agami joihiM diTTu / / 2 - he jIva ! tU ghara, parivAra, zarIra aura mitrAdi ko apanA mata samajha, kyoMki yogiyoM ne Agama meM yaha batalAyA hai ki inakA saMyoga karmAdhIna hai, ataH ye anitya haiN| "dukkhapaDikArahedudavvasaMpAdayaM kammaM sAdAvedaNIyaM NAma / dukkhasamaNahedudavvANamavasArayaM ca kammAsAdAvedaNIyaM NAma / "" jo karma duHkha ko rokanevAlI sAmagrI kA saMyoga karAtA hai use sAtAvedanIya kahate haiM, jo usakA viyoga karAtA hai vaha asAtAvedanIya kahalAtA hai| isa saMyogasambandha ke astitva kA bodha bhI bAhyasambandhAvalambinI asadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi se hotA hai| 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA/gAthA 8 2. paramAtmaprakAza 2/123 3. dhavalA 13/5, 5, 88

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paradravya ke sAtha jJeya-jJAyakasambandha kA nizcaya paradravyoM ke sAtha AtmA kA jJeya-jJAyaka sambandha hai| nimnalikhita ArSavacanoM se isa sambandha kI vAstavikatA kA bodha hotA hai| - asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 81 ,,1 "ahaM hi tAvajjJAyaka eva svabhAvena / kevalajJAyakasya ca sato mama vizvenApi sahajajJeyajJAyakalakSaNa eva sambandhaH na punaranye svasvAmilakSaNAdayaH sambandhAH - maiM to svabhAva se jJAyaka hI huuN| kevala jJAyaka hone ke kAraNa vizva ke sAtha bhI merA sahaja jJeya-jJAyakasambandha hI hai, sva-svAmI Adi anya sambandha nahIM / "jJeyajJAyakalakSaNasambandhasyAnivAryatvenAzakyavivecanatvAd rUpyamapi ... / "2 - - yadyapi jJeya-jJAyaka sambandha anivArya hone ke kAraNa AtmA meM samasta vizva pratibimbita hotA hai, isalie AtmA anekarUpa dikhAI detA hai ( tathApi apanI jJAyakasvabhAvarUpa ekarUpatA ko nahIM chor3atA ) | cU~ki paradravya ke sAtha jJeya-jJAyaka sambandha bAhyasambandha hai, isalie isakA prakAzana bAhyasambandhAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ( paradravyasambandhamUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ) se hotA hai| maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se dekhane para paradravya se asambandha kA hI jJAna hotA hai, sambandha kA nhiiN| isIlie AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai jAdi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalIbhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM / / - kevalI bhagavAn samasta padArthoM ko vyavahAranaya se jAnate dekhate haiM aura nizcayanaya se kevala svayaM ko jAnate haiN| 1. pravacanasAra / tattvadIpikA 2/108 2 . vahI upAttavaizva paradravya ke sAtha sAdhyasAdhakasambandha kA nizcaya jIvAdi paradravyoM kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana kA sAdhaka hai| paramArtha deva, zAstra, aura guru kA zraddhAna bhI samyagdarzana kA sAdhaka hai| jinabimbadarzana samyaktva kA hetu hai| mohanIya karma kA upazama, kSayopazama evaM kSaya samyaktva kA hetu hai, jJAnA " 3. "upacaritAsadbhUtavyavahAre lokAlokAvalokanaM svasaMvedyaM pratibhAti / ' 4. niyamasAra / gAthA 159 paramAtmaprakAza / brahmadevaTIkA 1/5

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82 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana varaNa kA kSayopazama matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA hetu hai jo mokSa meM sahAyaka haiN| dezanAlabdhi ( guru kA upadeza ) samyagdarzana kI sAdhaka hai| indriyA~, prakAza, upAdhyAya Adi matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ke sAdhaka haiN| bAhya parigraha kA tyAga mUrchA-nirodha kA sAdhaka hai| AhAra evaM rasa Adi kA tyAga tapa kA sAdhaka hai| indriya-viSayoM kA tyAga saMyama kA sAdhaka hai| paraprANa-vyaparopaNa, adattAdAna, aprazastavacana evaM svastrI-parastrI kA tyAga ahiMsAdi vratoM kA sAdhaka hai| paMcaparameSThI kA cintana Atma-dhyAna kA sAdhaka hai| zAstroM kA anuzIlana mithyAtva aura ajJAna ke nivAraNa kA sAdhaka hai| devazAstra-guru kI bhakti pApAsrava ke nirodha kI sAdhaka hai| mokSa meM sahAyaka ina bhinna sAdhanoM ko jinendradeva ne vyavahAranaya se mokSamArga nAma diyA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai ki prAthamika sAdhaka vyavahAranaya dvArA pratipAdita bhinnasAdhyasAdhanabhAva kA avalambanakara sukhapUrvaka mokSamArga meM avatarita ho jAte haiM - "vyavahAranayena bhinnasAdhyasAdhanabhAvamavalambyAnAdibhedavAsitabuddhayaH sukhenaivAvataranti tIrthaM praathmikaaH|" paradravya ke sAtha AtmA ke isa sAdhyasAdhaka-sambandha kA jJAna bAhyasambandhAvalambinI dRSTi ( paradravyasambandhamUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ) se avalokana karane para hotA hai| paradravya ke sAtha AdhArAdheyasambandha kA nizcaya lokAkAza AdhAra hai aura jIva aadhey| karmabhUmi aura bhogabhUmi AdhAra haiM, jIva aadhey| svarga, naraka aura madhyaloka AdhAra haiM, jIva aadhey| jIva AdhAra hai aura karma, nokarma ( zarIra ) aadhey| isI kAraNa jIva meM sthita zarIra ke varNa ko dekhakara 'yaha jIva kA varNa hai' aisA jinendradeva ne upacAra se kahA hai| isa prakAra jIva aura paradravyoM meM AdhAra-Adheya sambandha hai jo bAhyasambandhAvalambinI dRSTi se dekhane para hI anubhava meM AtA hai| maulika bheda kA Azraya lene vAlI nizcayadRSTi to isakI pratiSedhaka hai| isa prakAra ke aura bhI aneka bAhya sambandha paradravyoM ke sAtha jIva ke 1 paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA, gAthA 172 2. "tathA jIve bandhaparyAyeNAvasthitaM karmaNo nokarmaNo vA varNamutprekSya tAtsthyAt tadupacAreNa jIvasyaiSa varNa iti vyavahArato'rhadevAnAM prajJApane'pi ... .. / ' samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 58-60

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 83 hote haiN| ve saba bAhyasambandhAvalambinI asadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi ( asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ) se dekhane para hI dikhAI dete haiN| asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza ke prayojana aba isa prazna para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai ki asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA avalambana kara ziSyoM ko upadeza denA kyoM Avazyaka hai ? jina prayojanoM se yaha Avazyaka hai unakI yahA~ vistAra se carcA kI jA rahI hai| saMsAraparyAya kA upapAdana nirupAdhika jIva ( jIvanAmaka mUlapadArtha ) para dRSTi DAlane se vaha zarIra, karma aura moharAgAdi bhAvoM se rahita dikhAI detA hai| ata: mUlapadArthAvalambI nizcayanaya se upadeza dene para jIva saMsArI siddha nahIM hotaa| jaba sopAdhika jIva ko dRSTi kA viSaya banAyA jAtA hai tabhI vaha zarIra se saMzliSTa, karmoM se baddha aura moharAgAdipariNAmamaya dRSTigocara hotA hai| isalie sopAdhikapadArthAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza se hI jIva kI saMsAraparyAya dRSTi meM AtI hai, jise jAnakara jIva mokSa ke lie udyata hotA hai| hiMsA ke sadbhAva kA upapAdana bAhyasambandhAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza se jIva aura zarIra kA saMzleSa-sambandha dRSTi meM AtA hai aura unameM jo kathaMcit abheda hai usakI upapatti hotI hai| isa kathaMcit abheda se hI zarIraghAta karane para jIvaghAta ghaTita hotA hai aura usase hiMsA ke pApa aura karmabandha kI yuktimattA siddha hotI hai| yadi kevala maulikabhedapradarzaka nizcayanaya se upadeza diyA jAya to usase jIva, zarIra se sarvathA bhinna siddha hogA jisase trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kA ni:zaMka ( pramattayogapUrvaka ) vadha karane meM jIvaghAta ghaTita nahIM hogaa| ata: zarIraghAta se jIvaghAta kI satyatA siddha karane ke lie jinendradeva ne vyavahAranaya se bhI upadeza diyA hai| isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa samayasAra meM kiyA gayA hai| prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki yadi zarIrAdi padArtha pudgalasvabhAvAtmaka haiM to unheM jinendradeva ne jIva zabda se sacita kyoM kiyA hai ? isake uttara meM AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - jinendradeva ne zarIra aura rAgAdi bhAvoM se jIva ke kathaMcit abheda kI pratIti karAne ke lie ( bAhyasambandhAvalambI asadbhata ) vyavahAranaya se upadeza diyA hai|' unake abhiprAya ko AcArya zrI amRtacandra ne nimnalikhita vyAkhyAna meM spaSTa kiyA hai - 1. yadyadhyavasAnAdayaH pudgalasvabhAvastadA kathaM jIvatvena sUcitA iti cet -

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84 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ___sarve evaite'dhyavasAnAdayo bhAvAH jIvA iti yad bhagavadbhiH sakalajJaiH prajJaptaM tadabhUtArthasyApi vyavahArasyApi drshnm| vyavahAro hi vyavahAriNAM mlecchabhASeva mlecchAnAM paramArthapratipAdakatvAd aparamArtho'pi tIrthapravRttinimittaM darzayituM nyAyya ev| tamantareNa tu zarIrAjjIvasya paramArthato bhedadarzanAt trasasthAvarANAM bhasmana iva niHzaGkamupamardanena hiMsA'bhAvAd bhavatyeva bndhsyaabhaavH| tathA rakto dviSTo vimUDho jIvo badhyamAno mocanIya iti rAgadveSamohebhyo jIvasya paramArthato bhedadarzanena mokSopAyaparigrahaNAbhAvAd bhavatyeva moksssyaabhaavH|" -ye sabhI adhyavasAnAdi bhAva ( zarIrAdi evaM rAgAdi ) jIva haiM - aisA upadeza sarvajJa bhagavAn ne isalie diyA hai ki abhUtArtha vyavahAranaya se ghaTita hone vAlA AtmA kA saMsArI rUpa bhI logoM kI dRSTi meM A jAya, kyoMki jaise mlecchabhASA mlecchoM ko vAstavika artha kA bodha karAne kA sAdhana hai vaise hI vyavahAnaya aparamArtha hote hue bhI vyavahAriyoM ( prAthamika bhUmikA meM sthita sAdhakoM ) ko paramArtha kA avabodhaka hai| ataeva unheM mokSamArga meM lagAne hetu vyavahAranaya ke pakSa ko darzAnA nyAyocita hai| yadi vyavahAranaya kA Azraya lekara AtmA kI saMsAraparyAya dRSTi meM na lAyI jAya to ekamAtra nizcayanaya para Azrita upadeza se jIva aura zarIra kI maulika ( svabhAvagata ) bhinnatA hI dRSTi meM AyegI, jisase trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ko ni:zaMka hokara ( pramattayogapUrvaka ) kucalane-masalane meM bhasma ko kucalane-masalane ke samAna hiMsA ke abhAva kA prasaMga AyegA aura usase bandha kA abhAva siddha hogaa| isI prakAra Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva rAgadveSamoharUpa se pariNamita hokara karmoM se ba~dhatA hai, ata: use mokSa prApta karanA caahie| kintu, yadi kevala nizcayanayasammata upadeza dekara jIva ko rAgadveSamoha se sarvathA pRthak darzAyA jAya to ( baddha siddha na hone se ) mokSa ke upAya kA avalambana aucityapUrNa siddha na hogA, jisase mokSaprApti asambhava ho jaayegii| - AcArya amitagati ne bhI kahA hai - AtmazarIravibhedaM vadanti ye sarvathA gatavivekAH / kAyavadhe hanta kathaM teSAM saJjAyate hiMsA / / vavahArassa darIsaNamuvaeso vaNNido jiNavarehiM / jIvA ede savve ajjhavasANAdao bhAvA / / samayasAra/gAthA 46 1. vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA - 46 2. amitagatizrAvakAcAra 6/21

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 85 - jo vivekahIna puruSa AtmA aura zarIra meM sarvathA bheda batalAte haiM, unake mata meM zarIra ke vadha se hiMsA kaise ghaTita hogI ? tAtparya yaha ki jIva aura zarIra meM saMzleSasambandha hone se unameM jo eka vilakSaNa abheda hai, use darzAne se hI loga zarIra kA dhAta karane meM jIvaghAtarUpa hiMsA maaneNge| isalie saMzleSasambandhadarzaka vyavahAranaya se jIva ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| steyAdi ke sadbhAva kA upapAdana maulikabhedAvalambI nizcayanaya para Azrita upadeza se jaise jIva aura zarIra ke saMzleSasambandha evaM tannimittaka abheda kA niSedha hotA hai, vaise hI paradravya ke sAtha AtmA ke saMyogasambandha kA bhI niSedha hotA hai| phalasvarUpa jIva ke sAtha patipatnI, santAna, dhana-sampatti Adi kA saMyoga siddha na hone se unameM svasvAmibhAva kA upacAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura upacAra ke abhAva meM svakIya aura parakIya kA bheda ghaTita na hone se paradravyaharaNarUpa corI tathA parastrI-parapuruSagamanarUpa vyabhicAra ( abrahma ) Adi ke pApa bhI asat ho jAte haiN| ina pApoM kI sattA bAhyasambandhAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se upadeza dene para siddha hotI hai, kyoMki usake dvArA hI paradravyoM ke sAtha jIva kA saMyogasambandha upapanna hotA hai| bandhamokSa kI prakriyA kA upapAdana anAdibaddha karmoM ke udaya se AtmA moharAgAdirUpa pariNamita hotA hai| usase naye karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| naye karma puna: moharAgAdi ke nimitta banate haiN| unase jIva phira dravyakarmoM ke bandhana meM baMdhatA hai| kintu jaba vaha samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrarUpa pariNamana karatA hai taba AtmA ke zuddhabhAva se naye karmapudgaloM kA Asrava rukatA hai tathA pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| isa rIti se jaba AtmA se saMzliSTa sabhI pudgala karma pRthak ho jAte haiM taba vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| AtmA aura pudgala ke nimittanaimittika sambandha para Azrita bandha aura mokSa kI isa prakriyA para prakAza nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se nahIM par3a sakatA, kyoMki nizcayanaya AtmA aura paradravya ke maulika bheda kA avalambana kara AtmA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| ata: usase AtmA aura paradravya kA sarvathA asambandha hI siddha hotA hai| jaba bAhyasambandhAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke Azraya se upadeza diyA jAtA hai tabhI bandha aura mokSa kI uparyukta prakriyA upapanna hotI hai| mokSa kI AvazyakatA kA upapAdana jIva kI nirupAdhika avasthA para dRSTipAta karane se vaha karmoM se abaddha

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86 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana aura moharAgAdizUnya dikhAI detA hai, isalie nirupAdhikapadArthAvalambI ( mUlapadArthAvalambI ) nizcayanaya para Azrita upadeza se mokSa kI AvazyakatA siddha nahIM hotii| jaba sopAdhika avasthA kA avalokana karate haiM tabhI jIva kI karmabaddhatA aura moharAgAtmaka pariNati satya siddha hotI hai| ata: sopAdhikapadArthAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranayasammata upadeza se hI mokSa kI AvazyakatA upapanna hotI hai| mokSamArga kI sAdhyatA kA upapAdana zuddhopayoga mokSamArga hai| azubhopayoga usake mArga kI prabala bAdhA hai| vaha zaddhopayoga ko asAdhya banAtA hai| zubhopayoga azubhopayoga kA nirodha kara zuddhopayoga ke mArga kI bAdhA dUra karatA hai, jisase vaha sAdhya ho jAtA hai| zubhopayoga jIvAdi tatvoM ke zraddhAna, tattvAbhyAsa, arahantAdi kI bhakti, indriyaviSayaparityAga, jIva-rakSA Adi paradravyAzrita pravRtti se sAdhya hotA hai| isa taraha paradravya ke sAtha jIva kA sAdhyasAdhaka sambandha hai| kintu maulikabhedAvalambI nizcayanaya isa sambandha kA niSedha karatA hai, jisase sAdhana ke niSedha se mokSamArga kI sAdhyatA kA bhI niSedha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se mokSamArga asAdhya siddha hotA hai| kintu vaha asAdhya nahIM hai, sAdhya hI hai| basa itanA hai ki usakI sAdhyatA kA upapAdana bAhyasambandhAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza se hotA hai| sarvajJatva kA upapAdana AtmA aura paradravyoM meM tAdAtmya-sambandha na hone se maulikarUpa se bheda hai, ata: maulikabhedAvalambI nizcayanaya unameM jJeya-jJAyaka sambandha kA bhI niSedhaka hai| phalasvarUpa nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se kevalI bhagavAn sarvajJa ( samasta paradravyoM ko jAnane vAle ) bhI siddha nahIM hote| unakA sarvajJa honA bAhyasambandhAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza se siddha hotA hai| dharmAdi dravyoM ke lakSaNa kA upapAdana nizcayanaya paradravyasambandha-pratiSedhaka hai, ata: tadAzrita upadeza se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ke lakSaNa upapatra nahIM hote, kyoMki unake lakSaNa paradravyasambandhAtmaka haiM, jaise dharmadravya kA lakSaNa hai jIva aura pudgala kI gati kA hetu honA aura adharmadravya kA lakSaNa hai unakI sthiti kA nimitta honaa| nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza se jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke lakSaNa bhI ghaTita nahIM hote, kyoMki ye bhI paradravyasambandhaparaka haiN| udAharaNArtha, jIva ke jJAnaguNa ko AvRta karanA jJAnAvaraNa kA lakSaNa hai aura darzana ko AvRta karane vAlA darzanAvaraNa kahalAtA

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asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 87 hai| jIva ke zraddhA aura cAritra guNoM ko viparIta banAne vAle karma kA nAma mohanIya hai| jIva ke sAtha du:khopazAmaka sAmagrI kA saMyoga karAnA sAtAvedanIya kA lakSaNa hai aura du:khotpAdaka sAmagrI kA sAnnidhya prApta karAnA asAtAvedanIya kaa| ina samasta dravyoM aura karmoM ke lakSaNa tabhI upapanna hote haiM jaba paradravyasambandhadarzaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se vyAkhyAna kiyA jaay| ina prayojanoM kA sAdhaka hone se asadbhatavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza samyagdarzana kI utpatti aura mokSa kI siddhi meM kitanA mahattva rakhatA hai, yaha uparyukta samIkSA se bhalIbhA~ti hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai| __ abhUtArthatA kA abhiprAya AcArya kundakunda ne vyavahAranaya ko abhUtArtha kahA hai - "vvhaaro'bhuuyttho|"9 vyavahAranaya meM asadbhUtavyavahAranaya bhI garbhita hai aura asadbhUtavyavahAranaya meM sopAdhika padArtha tathA paradravyasambandha jaise vAstavika viSayoM kA avalambana karane vAlA asadbhUtavyavahAranayaM bhI zAmila hai| yahA~ vicAraNIya hai ki isa naya ke sandarbha meM abhUtArthatA kA kyA abhiprAya hai ? abhUtArtha kA zAbdika artha hai aisA padArtha jo svAbhAvika yA maulika nahIM hai, jo paradravyasaMyoga se niSpanna hai yA jisameM paradravyasambandha dikhAI detA hai, athavA jisameM guNaparyAyarUpa bheda dRSTigocara hotA hai, yA jisake lie kisI anya kA nAma diyA gayA hai| yahA~ vicAra karane para spaSTa hotA hai ki yadyapi sopAdhika padArtha tathA paradravyasambandha vAstavika haiM, inakA avalambana karake vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karane ke kAraNa isa asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA nirNaya asatya nahIM hai, tathApi isake dvArA mUlapadArtha, mUlasvabhAva aura maulikabheda kA prakAzana nahIM hotA, jo bhUtArtha kA svarUpa hai, isalie bhUtArtha kA prakAzaka na hone se abhUtArtha hai| kintu kevala isI apekSA se abhUtArtha hai| AtmA kI sopAdhika avasthA vAstavika hai, paradravya se AtmA ke nimitta-naimittika sambandha vAstavika haiN| ata: inakA prakAzaka hone kI apekSA bhUtArtha hai| 1. samayasAra/gAthA 11

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caturtha adhyAya upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ( upacArAvalambinI vyavahAradRSTi ) upacAra kA artha hai anya vastu ke dharma ko anya para Aropita karanA / ' anya vastu kA dharma usake vAcaka zabda ke dvArA Aropita kiyA jAtA hai / ataH anya ke lie anya ke vAcaka zabda kA prayoga karanA arthAt eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu ke nAma se saMketita karanA upacAra kahalAtA hai|' yaha asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA eka bheda hai| upacAra eka lokavyavahAra - upacAra eka lokavyavahAra hai| loka meM kisI bAlaka ke krUratA, parAkrama Adi guNoM ke atireka ko dyotita karane ke lie use upacAra se siMha kahA jAtA hai. 'siMho maannvkH'| kisI manuSya ke jar3atA - mandatA Adi dharmoM kI adhikatA darzAne ke lie use 'baila' zabda se pukArA jAtA hai 'gaurvAhIka:' ( halavAhA baila hai ) / Ayuvardhana ( svAsthyavardhana ) meM ghI kI amoghazakti kA anubhava karAne ke prayojana se ghI ke lie 'Ayu' saMjJA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai 'aayurghRtm'| isI yuktimat lokavyavahAra kA anusaraNa karate hue jinendradeva ne prayojana - vizeSa se zarIra tathA rAgAdi ko 'jIva' zabda se varNita kiyA hai, zarIra ke varNAdi ko jIva ke varNAdi kI saMjJA dI hai, jIva ko pudgala karmoM kA kartA nAma diyA hai, samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga meM mokSamArga zabda kA upacAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra ke anya aneka aupacArika prayoga kiye haiN| AcArya kundakunda isa para prakAza DAlate. hue kahate haiM - " jaise loka meM senA ke sAtha jAte hue rAjA ko dekhakara usa sampUrNa senA ko 'rAjA jA rahA hai' aisA upacAra se kahA jAtA hai, yadyapi usameM rAjA eka hI hotA hai, vaise hI jIva ke sAtha jitane bhI zarIra, rAga, dveSa, moha Adi bhAva dikhAI 1. " anyatra prasiddhasya dharmasyAnyatra samAropaNamasadbhUtavyavahAraH / asadbhUtavyavahAra evopacAraH / " AlApapaddhati / sUtra 207 - 208 2. (ka) "maJcAH krozanti iti tAtsthyAt tacchabdopacAraH / " zlokavArtika 2/1/6/56 (kha) "guNasahacAritvAdAtmApi guNasaMjJAM pratilabhate / " dhavalA 1/9/161

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 89 dete haiM, una sabake lie sUtra ( Agama ) meM upacAra se 'jIva' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi unameM jIva zuddhacaitanyabhAva mAtra hotA hai|'' tathA "jaise kisI mArga meM logoM ko luTatA huA dekhakara 'yaha mArga luTatA hai' aisA loga upacAra se kahate haiM, vaise hI jinendradeva ne jIva meM sthita karma aura nokarma kA varNa dekhakara 'yaha jIva kA varNa hai' aisA upacAra se kahA hai|" - nimitta aura prayojana para Azrita ___anya vastu meM anya vastu ke nAma kA upacAra kisI nimitta aura prayojana ke hone para hI hotA hai, jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - "mukhyAbhAve sati nimitte prayojane copacAra: prvrtte|" udAharaNArtha, rAjA aura senA kA sAhacaryasambandha senA meM rAjA zabda ke upacAra kA nimitta hai aura prayojana hai rAjA ke prabhutva aura bala kI pratIti karAnA tathA zarIra aura jIva kA saMzleSa-sambandha zarIra ke lie jIva zabda ke aupacArika prayoga kA nimitta hai aura yaha isa prayojana se kiyA jAtA hai ki jIva aura zarIra ke usa vilakSaNa abheda kI pratIti ho jAya jisake kAraNa zarIra ke chedana-bhedana se jIva ko pIr3A hotI hai aura hiMsA kA pApa ghaTita hotA hai| isI prakAra 'yaha mArga luTatA hai' yahA~ mArgastha logoM meM mArga zabda kA upacAra AdhAra-Adheya sambandha ke kAraNa sambhava hotA hai aura isase yaha dhvanita kiyA jAtA hai ki mArga luTeroM ke lie suvadhiAjanaka hai aura isameM pathika nitya aura nizcita rUpa se lUTe jAte haiM tathA 'yaha jIva kA varNa hai' yahA~ zarIra meM jIvatva kA upacAra bhI AdhAra- Adheya sambandha ke nimitta se sambhava huA hai aura aisA prayoga jIva aura zarIra ke uparyukta 1. rAyA ha Niggado ttiya eso balasamudayassa Adeso / vavahAreNa du uccadi tattheko Niggado rAyA / / evameva ya vavahAro ajjhavasANAdi aNNabhAvANaM / jIvo tti kado sutte tattheko Nicchido jIvo / / samayasAra/gAthA 47-48 2. paMthe mussaMtaM passidUNa logA bhaNaMti vavahArI / mussadi eso paMtho Na ya paMtho mussade koI / / taha jIve kammANaM NokammANaM ca passiduM vaNNaM / / jIvassa esa vaNNo jiNehiM vavahArado utto / / vahI/gAthA 58-59 3. AlApapaddhati/sUtra 212 4. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 46 5. "tathA jIve bandhaparyAyeNAvasthitaM karmaNo nokarmaNo vA varNamutprekSya tAtsthyAt tadu pacAreNa jIvasyaiSa varNa iti vyavahArato'rhaddevAnAM prjnyaapne'pi|" vahI/gAthA 58-60

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90 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana abheda kA anubhava karAne ke lie kiyA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa aura kAvyazAstra meM upacAra 2 upacAra kI mImAMsA vyAkaraNazAstra aura kAvyazAstra meM bhI kI gayI hai| kAvyazAstra meM ise zabda kA lAkSaNika prayoga kahA jAtA hai "lakSaNayA zabdaprayogaH / " " yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - rUr3ha evaM spryojn| jaise "karmaNi kuzala: ' ( kArya meM dakSa ) yahA~ 'kuzala' zabda kA mukhya artha hai 'hAthoM ko kSati pahu~cAye binA kuzoM ko tor3ane vAlA / ' kintu kuzoM ko isa prakAra tor3ane meM jo dakSatA Avazyaka hai usase sAdharmya hone ke kAraNa kisI bhI kArya ko dakSatApUrvaka sampanna karanevAle ke artha meM rUr3ha (prasiddha ) ho gayA hai| isa rUr3hi ke kAraNa 'kuzala' zabda 'dakSa' artha meM prayukta hotA hai / 'dakSa' artha meM 'kuzala' zabda ke prayoga kA koI prayojana nahIM hai| kintu 'siMho mANavakaH' yahA~ 'bAlaka' ke artha meM 'siMha' zabda kA prayoga rUr3hi ke kAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai ( kyoMki vaha 'bAlaka' ke artha meM rUr3ha hai hI nahIM ), apitu bAlaka ke siMhasadRza kraurya - zauryAdi guNoM ke atizaya kI pratIti karAne ke prayojana se kiyA gayA hai| jainasiddhAnta meM lakSaNA dvArA zabdaprayoga ( upacAra ) saprayojana hotA hai, jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai| yadyapi Agama meM jo aupacArika prayoga saprayojana hote haiM, ve loka meM anAdi se rUr3ha bhI haiM, tathApi Agama meM rUr3hi ke kAraNa nahIM, apitu prayojanavaza hI unakA prayoga huA hai, kyoMki Agama meM prayojana ke binA anya ke lie anya ke zabda kA prayoga karane kI koI upayogitA nahIM hai, ulaTe anyathAbuddhi utpanna hone kA hI khatarA hai| loka meM ajJAnatAvaza zarIrAdi ko jIva kahane kI anAdiparamparA hai, kintu jinendradeva ne isa paramparAvaza zarIrAdi ke lie jIva zabda prayukta nahIM kiyA hai, apitu prayojanavaza kiyA hai| ise AcArya kundakunda evaM amRtacandra sUri ne samayasAra meM spaSTa kiyA hai| prazna kiyA gayA hai ki jaba zarIrAdi adhyavasAnabhAva jIva nahIM haiM taba unheM sarvajJa bhagavAn ne jIva kyoM kahA hai ?* isake samAdhAna meM AcArya kundakunda ke bhAva ko spaSTa karate hue amRtacandra sUri ne batalAyA hai ki jIva aura zarIra meM eka aisA vilakSaNa abheda hai, jisake kAvyaprakAza, 2/14 1. 2. vahI, 2 / 9 3. "prayojanapratipipAdayiSayA yatra lakSaNayA zabdaprayogastatra nAnyatastatpratItirapi tu tasmAdeva zabdAt / " kAvyaprakAza, 2/14 4. " yadyadhyavasAnAdayaH pudgalasvabhAvAstadA kathaM jIvatvena sUcitA iti cet ***1 samayasAra / AtmakhyAti / gAthA 46 -

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 91 kAraNa zarIra ke ghAta se jIvaghAtarUpa hiMsA kA pApa sambhava hotA hai, usakA bodha karAne ke prayojana se jinendra bhagavAn ne zarIra ko jIva zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| yadi isa vilakSaNa abheda kA bodha na karAyA jAya aura svabhAvagata bhinnatA hI darzAyI jAya to zarIra ke ghAta se jIvaghAtarUpa hiMsA ghaTita nahIM hogii| phalasvarUpa karmabandha bhI ghaTita nahIM hogaa| taba loga niHzaMka hokara prANiyoM kA vadha kareMge aura karmabandha karate raheMge, kabhI mukta na ho paayeNge|' isa kAraNa jinendradeva ne prayojanavaza hI zarIra meM jIva zabda kA upacAra kiyA hai| sAra yaha ki jina vastuoM meM paraspara saMzleSa, saMyoga, sAhacarya, sAmIpya, AdhArAdheya, nimittanaimittika, kAraNa-kArya Adi sambandha hote haiM unhIM meM se eka ko dUsare ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai aura aisA kisI prayojana se hI kiyA jAtA hai, binA prayojana ke nhiiN| binA prayojana ke aisA karane para ajJAnamaya vyavahAra kahalAtA hai| upacAra koI adRSTa kalpanA nahIM hai, apitu lokaprasiddha kathanazailI hai|' vaktA upayukta artha meM hI upacAra kA prayoga karatA hai aura zrotA bhI usase upayukta artha hI grahaNa karatA hai| jaba koI vaktA kahatA hai ki 'yaha lar3akA gadhA hai' to vaha 'gadhA' zabda kA prayoga 'gadhA' nAmaka pazu ke artha meM nahIM karatA, balki 'atyanta mUrkha' ke artha meM karatA hai tathA zrotA bhI usase mUrkha artha hI grahaNa karatA hai, 'gadhA' artha nhiiN| isalie yaha prAmANika kathanazailI hai| isIlie jinendradeva ne vastutattva kA pratipAdana karane ke lie isakA anusaraNa kiyA hai| yadyapi laukika jana lokapracalita upacArakathana ke upayukta artha ko to anAyAsa grahaNa kara lete haiM, kinta Agama meM prayukta upacAra-vacanoM ke upayukta artha ko saralatayA grahaNa kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| isalie jinendra bhagavAn ne AgamavacanoM ke hArda ko samajhane ke lie sarvaprathama nayoM ke abhiprAya ko hRdayaMgama kara lenA Avazyaka batalAyA hai| kauna 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 46 2. "so'pi sambandho'vinAbhAvaH, saMzleSa: sambandhaH, pariNAmapariNAmisambandhaH, zraddhAzraddheyasambandhaH, jJAnajJeyasambandhaH .... ..." ityupcritaasdbhuutvyvhaanysyaarthH|" AlApapaddhati/sUtra 213 3. "neyamadRSTakalpanA kAryakAraNopacArasya jagati suprsiddhsyoplmbhaat|" dhavalA pustaka 1, sUtra 4, pR0 135 4. "jainamate punarvyavahAranayo yadyapi nizcayApekSayA mRSA tathApi vyavahArarUpeNa satya iti| yadi punarlokavyavahArarUpeNApi satyo na bhavati tarhi, sarvo'pi lokavyavahAro mithyA bhavati, tathA stytiprsnggH|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 356-365

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92 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana sA kathana kisa naya se arthAt kisa apekSA se kiyA gayA hai yaha samajha lene para hI upacAra-kathana ke upayukta artha ko grahaNa kara pAnA sambhava hai| upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza ke prayojana nizcayanaya ( niyatasvalakSaNAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ) ke prakaraNa meM prasaMgavaza una padArthoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jinheM jinendradeva ne niyatasvalakSaNa ke abhAva meM bhI nimitta aura prayojanavaza upacAra se jIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, mokSamArga, ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, vrata, samiti, gupti, dharma anuprekSA, parISahajaya, cAritra, karttA-karma, bhoktA-bhogya Adi saMjJAe~ dI haiN| yahA~ prasaMgavaza unakA puna: ullekha karate hue upacAra se dI gayI una saMjJAoM ke nimitta aura prayojana kA vizleSaNa kiyA jA rahA hai aura yaha darzAyA jA rahA hai ki jisa vastu ke lie upacAra se anya vastu ke vAcaka zabda ( nAma ) kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai usa vastu ke kisa vAstavika dharma ko usa zabda kI lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA zaktiyoM ke dvArA ghotita kiyA gayA hai ? isase yaha spaSTa ho jAyegA ki upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA avalambana kara upadeza dene ke prayojana kyA haiM ? ananubhUta atIndriya tattva kA dyotana jo manuSya kisI atIndriya vastu ke svarUpa se sarvathA anabhijJa hai, use usakA svarUpa kevala varNana karake nahIM samajhAyA jA sktaa| usakA koI dRSTi meM AnevAlA sthUla rUpa hotA hai to usake dvArA samajhAnA sarala hotA hai, kyoMki usameM prastuta vastu ke dharma jhalakate haiN| jaise jIva eka atIndriya tattva hai| usake svarUpa kA pratipAdana kevala varNana ke dvArA sambhava nahIM hai| kintu zarIra ke saMyoga se usakI jo manuSyAdi sthUla paryAe~ hotI haiM, ve sabake anubhava meM AtI haiN| unameM jIva ke dharma jhalakate haiN| ata: una paryAyoM ko jIva kA nAma dekara 'manuSya jIva hai', 'pazupakSI jIva haiM' aisA batalAne se jIva ke dharmoM kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa hotA hai aura yaha samajha meM AtA hai ki jIva eka aisA tattva hai jo jAnatA-samajhatA hai, sukha-duHkha anubhava karatA hai aura apane Apa vibhinna prakAra kI ceSTAe~ karatA hai, vaha lakar3Ipatthara Adi padArthoM se bhinna hai|' yadyapi isa prakAra jIva kA spaSTarUpa se bodha nahIM hotA, usakI paryAya kA hI bodha hotA hai, tathApi yaha jIva ke svarUpa ko hRdayaMgama karAne kA prAthamika upAya hai|' paryAya kA bodha karAne ke bAda hI yaha spaSTa kiyA 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/sAtavA~ adhikAra/pR0 252 2. evamabhigamma jIvaM aNNehiM vi pajjaehiM vahugehiM / abhigacchadu ajjIvaM NANaMtaridehiM liMgehiM / / paJcAstikAya/gAthA 123

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 93 jA sakatA hai ki ina manuSyAdi padArthoM meM jo jAnane-samajhane, sukha-duHkhAdi anubhava karane tathA vibhinna prakAra kI ceSTAe~ karane kI zakti hai, vahI jIva hai, yaha A~khoM se dikhAI dene vAlA zarIra jIva nahIM hai| isa prakAra jJAnI upadeSTA jIva kI dehasaMyogajanya manuSyAdi paryAyoM meM 'jIva' zabda kA upacAra kara ajJa ziSyoM ko usake svarUpa kA AbhAsa karAte haiN| abhedavizeSa kA dyotana __ jIva aura zarIra sarvathA bhinna dravya haiM, kintu saMsArAvasthA meM nIra-kSIra ke samAna atyanta mizrita haiN| unake pradeza eka-dUsare se itane saMzliSTa haiM ki deha ke paramANuoM meM cetanA kA anubhava hotA hai, jisase deha ke chedana-bhedana se jIva ko duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai tathA deha ke sAtha viSayoM kA samparka hone se sukha kA vedana hotA hai| isa taraha sarvathA bhinna dravya hote hue bhI jIva aura deha meM eka prakAra kA abheda hai| yaha eka vilakSaNa abheda hai jo ekadravyarUpa na hote hue bhI ekadravya-sadRza hai| isIlie jinendradeva ne jIva aura zarIra meM na sarvathA bheda batalAyA hai, na sarvathA abheda, apitu kathaMcit bhedAbheda batalAyA hai| isa abhedavizeSa kI pratIti zarIra ke lie upacAra se 'jIva' saMjJA kA prayoga karane para hI ho pAtI hai aura isa rIti se abhedavizeSa kI pratIti hone para hI zarIraghAta se jIvaghAtarUpa hiMsA ghaTita hotI hai, anyathA nhiiN| ata: isI prayojana se jinendradeva ne zarIra meM 'jIva' zabda kA upacAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra apanI moharAgadveSarUpa azuddhaparyAya ke sAtha jIva ke abheda kI anubhUti karAne ke lie jIvasaMyukta moharAgadveSa meM jIva saMjJA kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai| aisA na karane para rAgAdi ke sAtha jIva kA abheda siddha nahIM hogA, jisase karmabandha bhI ghaTita nahIM hogA aura karmabandha ke abhAva meM mokSa kA upadeza bhI nirarthaka tthhregaa| laukika sambandha kA dyotana saMsArAvasthA meM jIva ke sAtha zarIra, strI-puruSa, santAna, dhana-sampatti Adi 1. Nahi iMdiyANi jIvA kAyA paNa chappayAra paNNattA / jaM havadi tesu NANaM jIvo ti ya taM parUvaMti / / paJcAstikAya/gAthA 121 jANadi passadi savvaM icchadi sukkhaM vibhedi dukkhAdo / / kuvvati hidamahidaM vA bhuMjadi jIvo phalaM tesiM / / vahI/gAthA 122 2. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 46 3. vahI

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94 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jina paradravyoM kA saMyoga hotA hai, unake sAtha laukika sambandha kA dyotana karane ke lie jIva aura paradravyoM meM sva-svAmisambandha kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai| aisA karane para hI nijadeha - paradeha, nijadhana- paradhana, svastrI- parastrI Adi kA bheda nirdhArita hotA hai aura isa bheda para hI pApa-puNya, bandha-mokSa kA astitva nirbhara hai| jinendradeva ne isa prakAra kA bheda karake vrata, dAna, pApa, puNya Adi ke lakSaNa nirdhArita kiye haiM / yadi svakIya-parakIya kA bheda na kiyA jAya to azucitva bhAvanA kA jo 'svadeha aura paradeha se virakta hokara AtmasvarUpa meM lIna rahanA' lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai, vaha asatya ho jAyegA, ' 'svazarIrasaMskAratyAgarUpa brahmacaryarakSaka bhAvanA satya siddha na hogI, paradhanaharaNarUpa corI kA pApa jhUThA ThaharegA, svadArasantoSa aura paradAranivRttirUpa brahmacaryANuvrata' kI sattA na rahegI, tathA apane aura dUsare ke upakAra ke lie svavastutyAgarUpa dAna kA lakSaNa ghaTita na hogA / phalasvarUpa pApa-puNya aura bandha-mokSa kI sArI vyavasthA hI dharAzAyI ho jAyegI aura mokSamArga kA upadeza nirarthaka ho jAyegA / ataH tIrthapravRtti ke nimitta AtmA aura tatsaMyukta paradravyoM meM svasvAmisambandha kA upacAra atyanta Avazyaka 1 1 2 bandhamokSa meM jIva- svAtantrya kA dyotana 5 jIva ke zubhAzubha pariNAma pudgaladravya ke karmarUpa pariNamana meM preraka haiN| jaba vaha zubhAzubha pariNAma karatA hai tabhI pudgalaparamANu karma banakara jIva se saMzliSTa hote haiM, apane Apa nahIM / isa prakAra apane ko karmabaddha karane meM jIva svatantra hai / vaha cAhe to zubhAzubha pariNAmoM kA nirodhakara svayaM ko karmabandhana se bacA sakatA hai aura mokSa pA sakatA hai| svAtantrya kA bhAva 'kartA' zabda meM garbhita hai / kahA bhI gayA hai - 'svatantraH karttA / " ataH bandha aura mokSa ke kArya meM jIva 1. jo paradehaviratto Niyadehe Na ya karedi aNurAyaM / appasarUvasuratto 2. " strIrAgakathAzravaNa asuitte bhAvaNA tassa / / kArtikeyAnuprekSA / gAthA 87 svazarIrasaMskAratyAgAH paJca / " tattvArthasUtra/saptama adhyAya / sUtra 38 3. "brahmacaryaM svadArasantoSaH paradAranivRttiH, kasyacit srvstriinivRttiH|" cArittapAhuDa/zrutasAgaraTIkA /gAthA 21 4. " anugrahArthaM svasyAtisargo dAnam / " tattvArthasUtra / saptama adhyAya / sUtra 38 5. (ka) "kriyAvatAtmanA preryamANAH pudgalA vAktvena vipariNamanta iti / " sarvArthasiddhi / paJcama adhyAya / sUtra 17 (kha) "jIvena vA mithyAdarzanAdiparaNAmaiH kriyante iti karmANi / " 6. aSTAdhyAyI 1/2/45 AptaparIkSA / kArikA 115

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 95 ke svAtantrya kA dyotana karane ke lie jinendradeva ne use upacAra se pudgala karmoM ke kartA kI saMjJA dI hai, jisase jIva apane bandha aura mokSa meM svayaM ko uttaradAyI anubhava kara karmabandhana se bacane ke lie zubhAzubhapariNAmoM se nivRtta hone kA pauruSa kre| pudgala dravya ke karmarUpapariNamana meM prayojaka hone kI apekSA jIva pudgalakarmoM kA kartA hai hii| isIlie AcArya amRtacandra ne jIva ko paradravya kA nimittarUpeNa kartA kahA hai| viSayabhoktatva kA upapAdana paudgalika indriyaviSayoM ke sAtha cetana AtmA kA saMsarga ( tanmayatva ) nahIM ho sakatA, ata: AtmA paramArthata: indriyaviSayoM kA bhoktA nahIM hai| zarIra yA indriyoM ke sAtha jo viSayoM kA saMsarga hotA hai usake nimitta se honevAle sukhaduHkha kA bhI vaha paramArthata: abhoktA hai, kyoMki ve sukha-duHkha jIva kI pudgalasaMyukta avasthA meM hI utpanna hote haiM, phalasvarUpa unakA bhoktA azuddha ( sopAdhika ) jIva hotA hai| kinta jaisA ki parva meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai jIva aura zarIra meM kathaMcita abheda hai, isalie jaise zarIraghAta se jIvaghAta ghaTita hotA hai vaise hI zarIra ke sAtha viSayasamparka hone se jIva ke sAtha viSayasamparka ghaTita hotA hai| jaise zarIra ke chedana-bhedana se AtmA ko pIr3A ke rUpa meM chedana-bhedana kA AsvAdana hotA hai vaise hI indriyoM ke sAtha viSayasaMsarga hone para jIva ko sukha-duHkha ke rUpa meM viSayoM ke rasa kA AsvAdana hotA hai| isalie bhagavAn ne upacAra se jIva ko viSayoM ke bhoktA kI saMjJA dI hai, aura viSayoM ko bhogya kii| udAharaNArtha, nimnalikhita vaktavyoM meM AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA samyagdRSTi jIva cetana-acetana dravyoM kA bhoktA kahA gayA hai - uvabhogamiMdiyehiM davvANamacedaNANamidarANaM / jaM kuNadi sammadiTThI taM savvaM NijjaraNimittaM / / - samyagdRSTi jIva indriyoM ke dvArA cetana, acetana tathA anya dravyoM kA jo upabhoga karatA hai vaha saba usake lie nirjarA kA nimitta banatA hai| 1. "kattA, bhottA AdA poggalakammassa hodi vvhaaro|" niyamasAra/gAthA 18 2. "tatprayojako hetuzca" ( kartuH prayojako hetusaMjJaH kartRsaMjJazca syAt ) / aSTAdhyAyI, 1/4/55 3. "anityau yogopayogAveva tatra nimittatvena krtrau|' samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 100 4. vahI/gAthA 193

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96 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana davve uvabhuMjaMte NiyamA jAyadi suhaM vA dukkhaM vA / taM suhadukkhamudiNNaM vedadi aha NijjaraM jAdi / / ' - paradravya kA upabhoga karane se jIva ko niyama se sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, kintu samyagdRSTi jIva sukha-duHkha meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA, apitu unheM aratipUrvaka bhogatA hai, isalie vaha nirjarA kA nimitta bana jAtA hai / yadi jIva ko upacAra se viSayoM kA bhoktA na kahA jAya to paramArthataH viSayoM kA bhoktA na hone se viSayAzrita sukha - duHkha kA bhoktA bhI siddha na hogA / jaba kisI bhI naya se jIva ke sAtha viSayoM kA samparka ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA taba viSayasamparka ke abhAva meM jIva kI sukhaduHkhAtmaka pariNati kaise ghaTita ho sakatI hai ? hA~, yadi vaha upacAra se viSayoM kA bhoktA siddha ho to ( azuddha ) nizcayanaya se viSayAzrita sukha - duHkha kA bhoktA siddha ho sakatA hai| kisI bhI naya se jIva kA viSayabhoktRtva upapanna na hone para zarIra hI viSayoM kA bhoga karanevAlA tthhregaa| isa sthiti meM prayatnapUrvaka viSayasAmagrI juTAte hue tathA usakA indriyoM se saMyoga karAte hue aura tannimittaka sukha-duHkha bhogate hue bhI jIva viSayabhoga karanevAlA siddha nahIM hogaa| isase karmabandha bhI ghaTita nahIM hogA, jisase viSayabhoga karate hue bhI mokSa hone kA prasaMga AyegA / upacAra se ( jIva aura zarIra meM kathaMcit abheda hone kI apekSA ) bhI jIva ko viSayoM kA bhoktA na mAnane ke kAraNa kucha loga pratipAdita karate haiM ki viSaya-bhoga to jar3a zarIra kI kriyA hai, AtmA kI nahIM aura isa viparIta zraddhAna se ve svacchanda hokara viSaya-bhoga karate haiM aura apane ko karmabandha kA abhAva mAnate haiM / kintu ve yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki jinendradeva ne jIva aura zarIra meM sarvathA bheda mAnane ko ekAnta mithyAtva kahA hai aura kathaMcit abheda ke zraddhAna kA upadeza diyA hai| ataH kathaMcit abheda kA zraddhAna hone para viSayabhoga jar3azarIra kI kriyA nahIM, apitu sajIva zarIra athavA sazarIra jIva kI kriyA siddha hotA hai| vaise bhI nirjIva zarIra viSayabhoga karane meM samartha nahIM hai| upacAra se jIva ko viSayoM kA bhoktA kahanA miTTI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahane ke samAna sarvathA asatya vacana nahIM hai, apitu yaha kathana jIva aura zarIra ke kathaMcit abheda kI satyatA para Azrita hai, ataH satyavacana hai / antara kevala yaha hai ki yaha pAramArthika satya nahIM hai, apitu vyAvahArika satya hai / isa satya kI anekAnta - siddhAnta meM kitanI mAnyatA hai yaha isa bAta se spaSTa ho jAtA 1. samayasAra /gAthA 194

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 97 hai ki jIva ko upacAramUlaka vyavahAranaya se viSayoM kA bhoktA na mAnane para bhayaMkara anartha ho sakatA hai| jisa prakAra jIva ko deha se sarvathA bhinna batalAnA anarthakArI hai, vaise hI indriya-viSayoM kA sarvathA abhoktA ghoSita karanA bhI atyanta ghAtaka hai| kevala nizcayanaya kA upadeza jIva ko pApa-mArga meM ghasITakara le jA sakatA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki nizcayanaya ke anusAra to jIva paradravya kA bhoga kara hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki paradravya ke sAtha tanmaya ( paradravyamaya ) nahIM hotaa| aba yadi isI upadeza ko jIva ne sarvathA satya mAna liyA, to viSayabhoga meM AkaNTha magna rahate hue bhI apane ko bhogI yA asaMyamI nahIM mAnegA, jar3a zarIra ko hI viSayabhoga kA kartA maanegaa| isa bhrama meM rahate hue vaha nirantara karmabandha karatA rahegA aura kabhI mukta na ho paayegaa| jIva ke dvArA viSayoM kA bhoga kiyA jAnA yadi sarvathA asatya ho, to saMyama aura tapa kI siddhi ke lie viSayoM ke tyAga kA upadeza bhI mithyA ho jaayegaa| jinendradeva ne nizcayamokSamArga ko sAdhya banAne ke lie vyavahAramokSamArga ke rUpa meM viSayoM se nivRttirUpa indriya-saMyama, svadAra-paradAranivRttirUpa brahmacarya, AhAra evaM rasaparityAgAdirUpa tapa, bhoga aura upabhoga kI vastuoM kA parisImanarUpa bhogopabhoga-parimANa aNuvrata, bAhyavastuparityAgarUpa bAhya aparigraha ityAdi ke anuSThAna kA upadeza diyA hai| ina samasta mokSopAyoM meM viSayoM ke parityAga kA upadeza hai| yadi jIva ke dvArA viSayabhoga kiyA jAnA sarvathA asatya ho to ina samasta vyAvahArika mokSopAyoM kA upadeza asatya tthhregaa| inake asatya Thaharane para nizcayamokSamArga eka asAdhya aura kAlpanika vastu siddha hogaa| kintu sarvajJa bhagavAn kA upadeza mithyA nahIM hai, isase spaSTa hai ki jIva kA kathaMcit viSayoM kA bhoktA honA satya hai| isa satya ko darzAne ke lie hI bhagavAn ne jIva ko upacAra se 'viSayoM kA bhoktA' evaM viSayoM ko 'bhogya saMjJA dI hai| saMyoga-viyoga-prayojakatva kA dyotana jIva svapariNAma meM hI vyApta hotA hai aura svapariNAma se hI nivRtta hotA hai, isalie svapariNAma kA hI mukhyata: grAhaka aura tyAjaka hai|' paradravya pariNAma meM vyApta nahIM hotA ( paradravyapariNAmamaya nahIM hotA ), isalie usase nivRtta bhI nahIM hotaa| ata: nizcayanaya se paradravya kA grAhaka-tyAjaka nahIM hai| tathApi saMsArI 1. "tattu pravartamAnaM yadyadabhivyApya pravartate nivartamAnaM ca yadyadupAdAya nivartate tattatsamastamapi sahapravRttaM kramapravRttaM vA paryAyajAtamAtmeti lkssnniiym|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 294 2. "so'yamAtmA prdrvyopaadaanhaanshuunyo'pi|' pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 2/94

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98 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jIva apane sAtha paradravya ke saMyoga aura viyoga kI icchA ( upayoga ) tathA tadanukUla zArIrika vyApAra ko prerita karanevAlI Atmapradeza - parispandarUpa ceSTA ( yoga ) karatA hai, jisase usake sAtha paradravya kA saMyoga-viyoga hotA hai| isa taraha jIva apane sAtha paradravya ke saMyoga-viyoga kA prayojaka hai, arthAt paradravya saMyoga-viyoga jIva ke adhIna hai| prayojakatva kA yaha bhAva grAhaka - tyAjaka zabdoM ke artha meM garbhita hai| isalie jinendradeva ne isa bhAva kI pratIti karAne ke lie jIva meM paradravyagrAhaka evaM paradravyatyAjaka saMjJAoM kA upacAra kiyA hai| isa taraha ke upacAra dvArA sarvajJa ne jo upadeza diyA hai use AcArya kundakunda ne ina zabdoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai " nagna mudrA ke dhAraka muni tilatuSamAtra bhI parigraha hAthoM meM grahaNa nahIM karate / yadi thor3A-bahuta grahaNa karate haiM to nigoda meM jAte haiM / " " " muni ko kevala vahI alpaparigraha grahaNa karanA cAhie jo hiMsAdi kA kAraNa na ho, mUrcchA kA janaka na ho tathA jisakI asaMyamI manuSya AkAMkSA na karate hoN| " " -- "bhAvoM ko zuddha karane ke lie bAhya parigraha kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, kintu jo rAgAdirUpa Abhyantara parigraha se yukta hai usakA bAhya tyAga niSphala hai| "3 zrI umAsvAmI ne bhI 'adattAdAnaM steyam' tathA 'anugrahArthaM svasyAtisargo dAnam " sUtroM meM isI prakAra ke upacArAtmaka upadezoM ko nibaddha kiyA hai| 4 ina prayojakatva - dyotaka grAhaka - tyAjaka saMjJAoM kA upacAra isalie Avazyaka hai ki jIva nizcayanaya ke upadeza ko ekAntataH grahaNakara apane ko paradravya kA sarvathA agrAhaka aura atyAjaka na samajha le, kyoMki aisA hone para bAhya parigraha rakhate hue bhI apane ko parigrahI nahIM maanegaa| taba parigrahaparimANa aNuvrata aura bAhyagranthatyAgarUpa aparigraha mahAvrata bhI asatya ho jAyeMge / vastradhAraNa karane para bhI vItarAga muni kahalA skegaa| AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti bhI sambhava na hogI / adattAdAnarUpa corI evaM caturvidhadAnarUpa dharma bhI asambhava hoNge| isa prakAra bandha 1. jaha jAyarUvasariso tilatusamettaM na gihadi hatthe / jai lei appabahuyaM tatto puNa jAi NiggodaM / / suttapAhuDa/gAthA 18 2. appaDikuTuM uvadhiM apatthaNijjaM asaMjadajaNehiM / mucchAdijaNaNarahidaM gehadu samaNo jadi vi appaM / pravacanasAra / gAthA 3 / 23 3. bhAvavisuddhiNimittaM vAhiragaMthassa kIrae cAo / vAhiracAo vihalo abbhaMtaragaMthajuttassa / / bhAvapAhuDa / gAthA 3 4. tattvArthasUtra / saptama adhyAya / sUtra 15 5. vahI / saptama adhyAya / sUtra 38

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 99 aura mokSa kI sArI vyavasthA bebuniyAda siddha hogii| ata: ise sAdhAra aura yuktimat siddha karane ke lie jinendradeva ne jIva ko upacAra se paradravya kA grAhaka aura tyAjaka kahA hai, jisase yaha spaSTa ho jAya ki bhale hI jIva paramArthataH paradravya kA grAhaka-tyAjaka nahIM hai, kintu usake sAtha paradravya kA saMyoga-viyoga svayaM ke hI yoga aura upayoga tathA svayaM ke dvArA arjita karmoM ke udaya se hotA hai| isalie paradravya-saMyoga-viyoga ke acche-bure pariNAma kA bhAgI jIva svayaM hotA hai| sAdharmyavizeSa kA dyotana jisa vastu meM koI dharma svabhAvata: prasiddha hotA hai, vaha usa dharma kI apekSA mukhya vastu hai tathA jisameM vaha dharma hotA hai para svabhAvata: prasiddha nahIM hotA, use jaba mukhya vastu kA nAma dekara prasiddha kiyA jAtA hai, taba vaha vastu usa dharma kI apekSA amukhya vastu kahalAtI hai| loka meM amukhya ke lie mukhya vastu ke nAma kA prayoga kara usake mukhyavastusadRza dharma ko dyotita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise loka meM siMha krauryazauryAdi dharmoM kI prabalatA ke lie svabhAvataH prasiddha hai| aba yadi kisI bAlaka meM bhI krauryazauryAdi kA Adhikya hai, to unheM dyotita karane ke lie bAlaka ko siMha zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai, jisase sAdharmya sambandha ke AdhAra para bAlaka ke krauryazauryAdi dharmoM kA Adhikya anAyAsa buddhigamya ho jAtA hai| yaha kathana kI vyaMjanAtmaka zailI hai, jo vivakSita artha ko svazabda se varNita na kara parazabda se vyaMjita karatI hai| prabhAvotpAdakatA evaM saMkSiptatA isa zailI kI vizeSatA hai| upacAra kA yaha lokaprasiddha prayojana hai| Agama meM bhI isa prayojana se upacAra kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| zuddhopayoga mukhyata: mokSamArga hai| vaha mokSa kA hetu hai, ataeva upAdeya hai| samyaktvapUrvaka athavA samyaktvonmukha zubhopayoga usakA sAdhaka hai, isalie vaha bhI paramparayA mokSa kA hetu hai, isa kAraNa Arambhika avasthA meM upAdeya bhI hai| isa prakAra mokSamArga evaM ukta zubhopayoga meM upAdeyatArUpa sAdharmya hai| kintu yaha upAdeyatArUpa samAna dharma mokSamArga meM to svabhAvataH prasiddha hai, parantu samyaktvapUrvaka yA samyaktvonmukha zubhopayoga meM svabhAvata: prasiddha nahIM hai| isalie zubhopayoga meM upAdeyatArUpa dharma dhotita karane ke lie zubhopayoga ko upacAra se mokSamArga nAma diyA gayA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa zubhopayoga ke sAtha mokSamArga zabda sunakara samyaktvapUrvaka yA samyaktvonmukha zubhopayoga kA upAdeyatArUpa dharma sAdharmyasambandha ke dvArA anAyAsa buddhi meM utara jAtA hai| 1. "upacArasyApi kiJcitsAdharmyadvAreNa mukhyaarthsprshitvaat|" syAdvAdamaJjarI 5/26

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100 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana AtmazraddhAna mukhyataH samyagdarzana hai| vaha viparItazraddhAna kA nivAraka hai, ata: mokSa ke lie upAdeya hai| jIvAdi tattvoM kA zraddhAna usakA sAdhaka hai, isalie vaha bhI paramparayA viparIta zraddhAna kA nivAraka ataeva mokSa ke lie upAdeya hai| jIvAdizraddhAna kA yaha upAdeyatArUpa dharma samyagdarzana ke upAdeyatArUpa dharma se samAnatA rakhatA hai, kintu yaha samyagdarzana meM hI prasiddha hai, jIvAdizraddhAna meM nhiiN| ata: jIvAdizraddhAna meM upAdeyatArUpadharma pradyotita karane ke lie jinendradeva ne jIvAdizraddhAna ko upacAra se samyagdarzana kahA hai| isI prakAra AtmajJAna mukhyata: samyagjJAna hai| vaha mithyAjJAna kA vinAzaka hai, isa kAraNa mokSa ke lie upAdeya hai| jIvAdi tattvoM kA jJAna usakA sAdhaka hai| vaha mithyAjJAna kA paramparayA vinAzaka ataeva mokSa ke lie upAdeya hai| isa prakAra samyagjJAna aura jIvAdi tattvoM ke jJAna meM upAdeyatArUpa sAdharmya hai| kintu yaha samAnadharma samyagjJAna meM hI prasiddha hai jIvAdi tattvoM ke jJAna meM nhiiN| isalie jIvAditattvajJAna meM upAdeyatArUpadharma darzAne hetu usameM samyagjJAna kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai| tathA nijazuddhAtmasvarUpa meM sthita honA mukhyata: samyakcAritra hai| vaha mithyAcAritra kA nirodhaka hai, ataeva mokSa ke lie upAdeya hai| zubhapravRtti usakI sAdhaka hai| isalie vaha bhI mithyAcAritra kI paramparayA nirodhaka hone se prAthamika bhUmikA meM mokSa ke lie upAdeya hai| isa taraha zubhapravRtti kA samyakcAritra se upAdeyatArUpa sAdharmya hai| kintu cU~ki yaha samAnadharma samyakcAritra meM hI prasiddha hai, zubhapravRtti meM nahIM; isalie ise zubhapravRtti meM parilakSita karane ke lie arahantadeva ne zubhapravRtti ko upacAra se samyakcAritra saMjJA dI hai| rAgadveSamoha mukhyata: Asrava-bandha haiN| ve saMsAra aura duHkha ke kAraNa haiM, isalie heya haiN| unake nimitta se karmapudgaloM kA AtmA meM Agamana aura saMzleSa hotA hai| vaha bhI saMsAra aura duHkha kA hetu hai, ata: heya hai| isa taraha inameM bhI sAdharmya hai| kintu ye duHkhahetutva evaM heyatva dharma Asravabandha meM hI prasiddha haiM, karmapudgaloM ke Agamana aura saMzleSa meM nhiiN| isalie karmapudgaloM ke Agamana aura saMzleSa meM ina dharmoM kI pratIti karane ke lie karmapudgaloM ke Agamana aura saMzleSa ko upacAra se Asrava-bandha nAma diye gaye haiN| rAgadveSamoha kA abhAva mukhyata: saMvara hai| usameM jIva ko mokSa prApta karAne kA dharma hai, isalie upAdeya hone kA bhI dharma hai| rAgadveSamohAbhAva ke nimitta se navIna karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha hotA hai| ata: usameM bhI ina dharmoM kA astitva hai| kintu ye mokSahetutva evaM upAdeyatva dharma saMvara meM hI prasiddha haiM, navIna karmoM ke nirodha meM nhiiN| isalie navIna karmoM ke nirodha meM ina dharmoM kA astitva dyotita karane ke lie navIna karmoM ke nirodha ko upacAra se saMvara kahA gayA hai| .

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 101 zuddhopayoga mukhyata: nirjarA hai| usake nimitta se pUrvabaddha karmoM kA ekadezakSaya hotA hai| ye donoM mokSa ke hetu haiM aura isa kAraNa upAdeya haiM, ata: donoM meM isa dRSTi se sAdharmya hai| kintu mokSahetutA evaM upAdeyatA dharma nirjarA meM hI prasiddha haiM, ekadeza karmakSaya meM nahIM, isalie ekadezakarmakSaya meM ina dharmoM kI pratIti karAne hetu ekadezakarmakSaya ke lie upacAra se 'nirjarA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kSAyika-jJAnadarzanasahita yathAkhyAtacAritrarUpa AtmapariNAma mukhyata: mokSa nAmaka padArtha hai| usameM sampUrNa karmoM kA nAzakara siddhatva ko AvirbhUta karane kA aura isa kAraNa upAdeya hone kA dharma hai| isa mokSa-tattva ke nimitta se jo sampUrNa pudgalakarmoM kA kSaya hotA hai usameM bhI ye dharma haiN| kintu ye mokSa-padArtha meM hI prasiddha haiM, sampUrNa karmakSaya meM nhiiN| isalie sampUrNa karmakSaya meM ye dharma dyotita karane ke lie sampUrNa karmakSaya ko upacAra se mokSa saMjJA dI gaI hai| . rAgAdi kA abhAva mukhyata: ahiMsA hai| satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha bhI rAgAdi ke abhAva ke hI nAma haiN| ye ahiMsAdi saMsArAbhAva ke heta haiM ataeva upAdeya haiN| rAgAdi ke abhAva se arthAt ahiMsAdi ke sadbhAva se jIvaghAta, asatyavacana, adattAdAna, ratikrIDA, paradravyagrahaNa Adi kA abhAva hotA hai| ye zubhapravRttiyA~ bhI saMsArAbhAva kI paramparayA hetu haiM, isalie upAdeya haiN| niSkarSata: ahiMsAdi ke sadbhAva tathA jIvaghAtAdi se nivRtti meM uparyukta sAdharmya haiN| kintu saMsArAbhAvahetutva tathA upAdeyatva dharma ahiMsAdi meM hI prasiddha haiM, jIvaghAtAdi-nivRtti meM nhiiN| phalasvarUpa jIvaghAtAdi se nivRtti meM bhI ina dharmoM ko prasiddha karane ke lie jinendradeva ne jIvaghAtAdi se nivRtti ko upacArata: ahiMsAdi nAmoM se saMketita kiyA hai| ahiMsAdi nAmoM se abhihita hone para sAdharmya sambandha ke dvArA jIvaghAtAdinivRtti meM garbhita uparyukta dharma anAyAsa buddhigamya ho jAte haiN| sAra yaha ki aupacArika zabda-prayoga dvArA ajJa ziSyoM ko AtmAdi atIndriya padArthoM ke svarUpa kA AbhAsa karAyA jAtA hai, jIva aura zarIra ke abhedavizeSa evaM paradravya ke sAtha laukika sambandhoM kI vAstavikatA darzAkara hiMsAdi pApoM, ahiMsAdi dharmoM tathA bandha-mokSa kI yuktimattA siddha kI jAtI hai, bandha aura mokSa meM jIva ke svAtantrya kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai, jIva ke viSayabhoktRtva ko yuktimat siddhakara indriya-saMyamAdi ke upadeza kA aucitya pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai, jIva 1. "niravazeSakarmANi yena pariNAmena kSAyikajJAnadarzanayathAkhyAtacAritrasaMjJitena asyante sa mokssH| vizleSo vA samastAnAM krmnnaam|" bhagavatI ArAdhanA/vijayodayATIkA/gAthA 38

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102 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ke dvArA paradravya ke grahaNa-tyAga kI yuktimattA pradarzita kara aparigraha, dattAdAna, svadAra-paradAranivRtti Adi vratoM, AdAna-nikSepaNa Adi samitiyoM, AhArAdi caturvidha dAnoM tathA anazana, rasa-parityAga Adi tapoM ke upadeza kI yukti-saMgatatA kA anubhava karAyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta aupacArika zabda se jo sAdharmyasambandha abhivyakta hotA hai, usake dvArA zubhopayoga Adi ke paramparayA mokSahetutva evaM upAdeyatva Adi dharmoM kA tathA AsravAdi ke saMsArahetutva evaM heyatvAdi dharmoM kA dyotana kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vastusvarUpa ke pratipAdana meM upacAramUlaka asadbhUta vyavahAranaya mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| aparamArtha hote hue bhI paramArthapratipAdaka yahA~ isa tathya para dhyAna denA hogA ki jisa zabda kA prayoga upacAra se kiyA jAtA hai, usakA artha badala jAtA hai| vaha mukhya ( prasiddha ) artha kA vAcaka na hokara mukhyArtha ke sahacArI una arthoM kA vyaMjaka ho jAtA hai, jinakI sattA upacarita vastu meM hotI hai arthAt usa vastu meM jisake lie usa zabda kA upacArataH prayoga hotA hai| isalie upacAra paramArtha ( vastudharma ) kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai| vaha kevala mukhyArtha kI apekSA abhUtArtha hotA hai, mukhyArtha se dyotita honevAle sahacArI artha kI apekSA nhiiN| yaha niyama bhI hai ki upacAra se prayukta kiye zabda kA mukhyArtha sadA gauNa ho jAtA hai aura usase dyotita honevAlA artha hI pradhAnatA grahaNa kara letA hai| kintu, cU~ki ajJAnIjana isake mukhyArtha ko grahaNakara bhramita ho sakate haiM, isalie unako bhrama se bacAne ke lie upadeza diyA gayA hai ki upacAra abhUtArtha hai, kintu abhUtArtha kA pratipAdaka hai, aisA nahIM kahA gayA hai, apitu aparamArtha hote hue bhI paramArtha kA pratipAdaka hai, aisA hI prajJApita kiyA gayA hai|' vastudharma kA pratipAdaka upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya paramArtha kA pratipAdaka hai, isa ArSavacana se siddha hai ki vaha vastudharma kA pratipAdaka hai| kucha Adhunika paNDitoM kA mata hai ki isa asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya vastudharma nahIM hai, apitu upacAramAtra hai| vastudharma ko vyavahAranaya kA viSaya mAnanevAle vidvajjanoM para ApekSa karate hue yaha varga likhatA hai - 1. "sarva evaite'dhyavasAnAdayo bhAvAH jIvA iti yad bhagavadbhiH sakalajJaiH prajJaptaM tadabhUtArthasyApi vyavahArasyApi drshnm| vyavahAro hi vyavahAriNAM mlecchabhASeva mlecchAnAM paramArthapratipAdakatvAd aparamArtho'pi tIrthapravRttinimittaM darzayituM nyAyya ev|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 46

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 103 "apara pakSa samajhatA hai ki vyavahAranaya kA viSaya bhI vastu kA dharmavizeSa hai, kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai| .... 'nizcaya' zuddha akhaNDa vastu hai aura 'vyavahAra' akhaNDa vastu meM bheda upajAkara usakA kathana karanA mAtra hai|' aba rahA asadbhUtavyavahAranaya so usakA viSaya mAtra upacAra hai|"2 yahI bAta yaha paNDitavarga nimnalikhita zabdoM meM duharAtA hai - "sadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya saMjJA, prayojana aura lakSaNa Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara akhaNDa trikAlAbAdhita vastu meM bheda upajAkara kathana karanA mAtra hai aura asadbhUta-vyavahAranaya kA viSaya eka vastu meM anya vastu ke guNadharma kA prayojanAdivaza Aropakara kathana karanA mAtra hai|"3 vidvadvarga kA yaha kathana svavirodhI hai, kyoMki yaha svayaM siddha karatA hai ki asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya vastudharma hai| ve svIkAra karate haiM ki eka vastu meM anya vastu ke guNadharma kA Aropa ( upacAra ) prayojanavaza kiyA jAtA hai| yaha prayojana kyA hai ? vastudharma kA prakAzana hI vaha prayojana hai| pUrva meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki upacAra ke dvArA aneka vastudharma prakAzita kiye jAte haiM, jaise jIva aura zarIra kA vilakSaNa abheda, svazarIra-parazarIra, svadhana-paradhana, svadAra-paradAra Adi ke rUpa meM rahanevAle laukika sambandha, bandha aura mokSa meM jIva kA svAtantrya aadi| inhIM vastudharmoM para paradravyAzrita, bAhya hiMsA-ahiMsA, vrata-avrata, saMyamaasaMyama, tapa-atapa, parigraha-aparigraha Adi kI vAstavikatA avalambita hai| upacAra ke dvArA paradravyAzrita vrata, saMyama, tapa Adi ke mokSahetutva evaM upAdeyatva kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai, ye bhI vastudharma haiN| ina vastudharmoM kI pratIti karAnA hI vaha prayojana hai, jisake liye eka vastu meM anya vastu ke dharma kA Aropa karake kathana kiyA jAtA hai| isaliye upacAra kI prayojanAdhInatA svIkAra kara ukta vidvAn svayaM svIkAra karate haiM ki upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya vastudharma hai| vyAkaraNazAstra aura kAvyazAstra meM bhI sAdharmyAdi sambandha ke dvArA vastudharma kI pratIti karAnA hI upacAra kA prayojana hai| loka meM bhI 'yaha bAlaka siMha hai' ityAdi aupacArika prayogoM ke dvArA sAdharmyAdi sambandha ke AdhAra para bAlaka ke siMhasadRza krauryazauryAdi dharmoM ke atizaya ko hI vyaMjita kiyA jAtA hai| upacAra kevala upacAra ke lie nahIM hotaa| vastudharma ko dyotita karane ke lie hI upacAra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| koI bhI AdamI kisI manuSya ko kevala 'baila' kahane 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pRSTha 832 2. vahI, 2/436 3. vahI 2/832-833

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104 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ke lie baila nahIM kahatA, apitu bailasadRza jADyamAndyAdi dharmoM ke atizaya kI pratIti karAne ke prayojana se 'baila' zabda kA upacAra karatA hai|' isa prakAra vastudharma kA pratipAdaka hone se hI jinendradeva ne upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko aparamArtha hote hue bhI paramArtha kA pratipAdaka batalAyA hai| syAdvAdamaJjarIkAra ne bhI kahA hai - "laukikAnAmapi ghaTAkAzaM paTAkAzamiti vyavahAraprasiddherAkAzasya nityaanitytvm| na cAyamaupacArikatvAd apramANameva / upacArasyApi kiJcitsAdharmyadvAreNa mukhyaarthsprshitvaat|' loka meM bhI ghaTAkAza, paTAkAza aisA vyavahAra prasiddha hai, isalie AkAza nityAnitya hai / aupacArika hone ke kAraNa yaha apramANa hai, aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki upacAra bhI kiMcit sAdharmya ke dvArA mukhyArtha ( mukhyArtha ke sahacArI artha ) kA hI sparza karatA hai ( vyaMjita karatA hai ) / ,,2 ye ArSavacana siddha karate haiM ki upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya bhI vastudharma hI hai| upacAra aura ajJAniyoM ke vyavahAra meM antara pUrvokta paNDitavarga upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko ajJAniyoM ke anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra kA paryAyavAcI mAnatA hai| isalie usane asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko sarvathA abhUtArtha ghoSita kiyA hai| apanI mAnyatA paNDitavarga ne nimnalikhita kathana meM vyakta kI hai "aba rahA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya, so usakA viSaya mAtra upacAra hai| samayasAra, gAthA 84 meM pahale AtmA ko vyavahAranaya se pudgalakarmoM kA karttA aura bhoktA batalAyA gayA hai, kintu yaha vyavahAra asadbhUta hai, kyoMki ajJAniyoM kA anAdi saMsAra se aisA prasiddha vyavahAra hai, isalie gAthA 85 meM dUSaNa dete hue nizcayanaya kA avalambana lekara usakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / " kathita vidvadvarga kI yaha mAnyatA atyanta bhrAntipUrNa hai| isake nimnalikhita kAraNa haiM (1) ajJAniyoM kA vyavahAra ajJAna kA vikalpa hai, upacAramUlaka 1. 'gaurvAhIka : ' atra hi svArthasahacAriNo guNA jADyamAndyAdayo lakSyamANA api gozabdasya parArthAbhidhAne pravRttinimittatvamupayAnti iti kecit / " kAvyaprakAza, 2 / 12 2. syAdvAdamaJjarI, 5 / 26 3. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA / bhAga 2, pRSTha 436

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 105 asadbhUtavyavahAranaya zrutajJAna kaa| AcArya amRtacandra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM 'jIva karmoM se baddha hai', aisA nirNaya karanevAle upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko zrutajJAna kA avayava batalAyA hai| ajJAniyoM kA vyavahAra ajJAna para Azrita hotA hai, upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya jJAna pr| jIva ko upAdAnarUpa se pudgalakarmoM kA kartA mAnanA ajJAnAzrita hone se ajJAnamaya vyavahAra hai, kintu nimittarUpa se kartA kahanA jJAnAzrita hone se upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai| AcArya kundakunda evaM amRtacandra sUri ne prathama ko hI ( jIva ko upAdAnarUpa se pudgala karmoM kA kartA-bhoktA mAnane ko hI ) ajJAnamaya vyavahAra yA vyavahAriyoM ke vyAmoha kI saMjJA dI hai| dvitIya ko to ve zrutajJAna kA vikalpa mAnate haiM, ata: unhoMne svayaM jIva ko nimittarUpa se paradravyoM kA kartA kahA hai| tathA niyamasAra meM zrutakevalI ke kathana ko apane zabdoM meM utArate hue kundakunda ne spaSTata: jIva ko vyavahAranaya ( upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ) se pudgalakarmoM kA kartA-bhoktA batalAyA hai - "kattA bhottA AdA poggalakammahasa hodi vvhaaro|" ye saba jinendradeva ke upadeza ke aMga haiN| unhoMne saMsAra kI satyatA aura mokSa ke aucitya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se bahaza: upadeza diyA hai| jIva aura zarIra ke kathaMcid abheda kI pratIti karAne ke lie zarIra meM 'jIva' saMjJA kA upacAra kiyA hai| rAgadveSamoharUpa azuddhaparyAya se abhinnatA darzAne ke lie rAgadveSamoha ko jIva zabda se upacarita kiyA hai| zarIrAdi prANoM ke ghAta ko hiMsA zabda se saMketita kiyA hai| adattAdAnAdi ke lie upacAra se steyAdi saMjJAe~ dI haiN| jIva ko upacAra se cetana-acetana dravyoM kA bhoktA kahA hai| samyaktvasAdhaka evaM zuddhopayogasAdhaka zubhopayoga ko mokSamArga zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| jIvAdi tattvoM ke zraddhAna meM samyagdarzana zabda kA upacAra kiyA hai| kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sarvajJa kA yaha asadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza 1. "shrutjnyaanaavyvbhuutyorvyvhaarnishcynypkssyoH|' samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 143 2. "jIvaH pudgalakarma karotyanubhavati cetyajJAnaninAmAsaMsAraprasiddho'sti tAvad vyvhaarH|' vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 84 3. (ka) "anityau yogopayogAveva tatra nimittatvena krtaarau|" vahI/gAthA 100 (kha) "iti paramparayA nimittarUpeNa ghaTAdiviSaye jIvasya kartRtvaM syaat|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 100 4. niyamasAra/gAthA 18 5. "ubhayanayAyattA pAramezvarI tiirthprvrtneti|'' paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 159 6. "dehassa jIvasaNNA sutte vavahArado uttaa|" samayasAra/gAthA 67

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106 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ajJAniyoM kA anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra hai ? yadi nahIM, to siddha hai ki upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ajJAniyoM ke vyavahAra kA paryAyavAcI nahIM hai| donoM meM andhakAra aura prakAza ke samAna antara hai / (2) upacAra kA lakSaNa aisA hai ki usakA prayoga jJAnI hI kara sakate haiM, kyoMki jaba vyakti ko saMzleSAdi sambandhoM se jur3e padArthoM kI svabhAvagata bhinnatA kA jJAna ho aura vaha prayojanavizeSa se eka ke nAma kA dUsare ke lie prayoga kare taba vaha upacAra kahalAtA hai| ' udAharaNArtha, jaba manuSya ko yaha jJAna hotA hai ki jIva aura zarIra svabhAva se bhinna haiM, kintu saMsArAvasthA meM unameM saMzleSa sambandha hai taba unake kathaMcit abheda kI pratIti karAne ke lie zarIra ko 'jIva' zabda se abhihita karatA hai, tabhI isakI upacAra saMjJA hotI hai / kintu, ajJAnamaya vyavahAra to isake viparIta hai| vaha saMzleSAdi sambandhoM se jur3e padArthoM kI bhinnatA ke ajJAna se utpanna hotA hai / isalie vaha jJAniyoM kA upacArAtmaka prayoga na hokara ajJAniyoM kA anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra hotA hai| (3) upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya nizcaya - sApekSa hotA hai, ajJAniyoM kA vyavahAra nizcaya-nirapekSa / jaba upacAra ko upacArarUpa se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| taba vaha asadbhUtavyavahAranaya hotA hai, jaba use paramArtha mAna liyA jAtA hai taba ajJAnamaya vyavahAra hotA hai / ' ajJAnamaya vyavahAra ajJAniyoM kI dRSTi se paramArtha hotA hai, jJAniyoM kI dRSTi se upcaar| 2 3 (4) AcArya kundakunda ne upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko paramArtha kA pratipAdaka batalAyA hai aura AcArya amRtacandra ne ziSyoM ke dustara ajJAna kA 1. (ka) "tathA jIve bandhaparyAyeNAvasthitaM karmaNo nokarmaNo vA varNamutprekSya tAtsthyAt tadupacAreNa jIvasyaiSa varNa iti vyavahArato'rhaddevAnAM prajJApane'pi samayasAra/AtmakhyAti / gAthA 58-60 1 (kha) " savve vavahArassa ya NicchayadaNhU vavadisaMti / " vahI / gAthA 60 " tato ye vyavahArameva paramArthabuddhyA cetayante te samayasArameva na cetayante / " vahI / AtmakhyAti / gAthA 414 3. taha jIve kammANaM NokammANaM ca passiduM vaNNaM / jIvassa esa vaNNo jiNehiM vavahArado utto / / gaMdharasaphAsarUvA deho saMThANamAiyA je ya / savve vavahArassa ya NicchayadaNhU vavadisati / / vahI / gAthA 59-60 4. " vyavahAro hi vyavahAriNAM mlecchAbhASeva mlecchAnAM paramArthapratipAdakatvAd aparamArtho'pi tIrthapravRttinimittaM darzayituM nyAyya eva / " vahI / AtmakhyAti / gAthA 46

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 107 nivaark|' kintu ajJAniyoM kA anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra kyA paramArtha kA pratipAdaka aura ajJAna kA nivAraka ho sakatA hai| nahIM, taba donoM eka kaise ho sakate haiM ? (5) zarIra meM 'jIva' saMjJA ke upacAra se zarIraghAta hone para jIvaghAtarUpa hiMsA ghaTita hotI hai, usase karmabandha aura karmabandha se mokSa kA aucitya siddha hotA hai| isalie upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya para Azrita upadeza ko AcAryoM ne ucita batalAyA hai', kintu ajJAnamaya vyavahAra kA sarvatra niSedha hI kiyA gayA hai| (6) yadi upacAramUlaka asadbhatavyavahAranaya ajJAnamaya vyavahAra ho to saMsAra ko satya mAnanA bhI ajJAna hogA, prANaghAtAdi ko hiMsA mAnanA bhI ajJAna hogA, mokSa ko Avazyaka mAnanA bhI ajJAna hogA, kyoMki ina sabakI satyatA upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se hI ghaTita hotI hai| zrI mAilladhavala atyanta sarala bhASA meM vyavahAranaya ( upacAramUlaka ) kI zrutajJAnAtmakatA evaM kathaMcit bhUtArthatA kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahate haiM - "jinendradeva ne sarvatra paryAyarUpa se vyavahAra ko sat kahA hai| jo vyavahAra ko sat nahIM mAnatA usake mata meM saMsAra aura mokSa kaise siddha hoMge ? yaha caturgatyAtmaka saMsAra hai| usake hetu zubha aura azubha karma haiN| yadi ye mithyA haiM to sAMkhyamata ke samAna usake mata meM saMsArAvasthA kaise upapanna hogI ? jinendradeva ne vyavahAranaya se ekendriyAdi jIvoM ke zarIra ko jIva kahA hai| yadi unakI hiMsA meM pApa hai, to sarvatra vyavahAra ko satya kyoM nahIM mAnate ?"3 ina yaktiyoM aura pramANoM se siddha hai ki upacAramUlaka asadbhatavyavahAranaya ajJAniyoM ke anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra se sarvathA bhinna hai| 1. mukhyopacAravivaraNanirastadustaravineyadurbodhAH / vyavahAranizcayajJAH pravartayante jagati tIrtham / / puruSArthasiddhayupAya/kArikA, 4 2. "tasmAd vyavahAranayavyAkhyAnamucitaM bhvtiitybhipraayH|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 46 savvattha pajjayAdo saMto bhaNio jiNehi vavahAro / jassa Na havei saMto heU dohNapi tassa kudo / / caugai iha saMsAro tassa ya heU suhAsuhaM kammaM / jai tA micchA kiha so saMsAro saMkhamiva tassa mae / / eiMdiyAdi dehA jIvA vavahArado ya jiNadiTThA / hiMsAdisu jadi pApaM savvatthavi kiNNa vavahAro / / dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra, gAthA 234-236

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108 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana heya hone kA abhiprAya Agama meM vyavahAranaya ko heya, pratiSiddha athavA ananusaraNIya kahA gayA hai| yahA~ upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kI heyatA kA abhiprAya vicAraNIya hai| upacAra meM eka vastu ke lie dUsarI vastu ke nAma kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jisase usakA mukhyArtha ( pracalita artha ) asatya ho jAtA hai, jaise kisI bAlaka ko siMha kahane se 'siMha' zabda kA siMharUpa mukhyArtha bAlaka para caritArtha na hone se asatya hotA hai| isI prakAra zarIra ko jIva kahane se jIva zabda kA cetanatattvarUpa mukhyArtha zarIra para caritArtha na hone se asatya hotA hai| isalie jahA~ zarIra ko jIva kahA gayA hai vahA~ jIva zabda se jIva artha grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hai, apitu zarIra ke lie jIva zabda kA prayoga karane se donoM meM jo eka vilakSaNa abheda kI pratIti hotI hai, vahIM artha grAhya hai| tathA jahA~ jIva ko pudgalakarmoM kA kartA kahA gayA hai, vahA~ kartA zabda se upAdAnarUpa artha grAhya nahIM hai, balki 'upAdAna kA preraka' artha grahaNa karane yogya hai| isI prakAra jahA~ samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga ko mokSamArga zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ ukta zabda se mokSamArga artha grAhya nahIM hai, apitu mokSamArgasAdhaka hone se "mokSasAdhana meM upAdeyarUpa' artha grAhya hai| ye artha prastuta sandarbho meM jIva-zabda, kartA-zabda aura mokSamArga-zabda ke aupacArika ( lAkSaNika ) bana jAne se zabda kI vyaMjanA zakti dvArA vyaMjita hote haiM, kyoMki unakA mukhyArtha anupapanna hone se bAdhita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra upacArataH prayukta zabda ke mukhyArtha kA agrAhya honA upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke heya hone kA tAtparya hai| ananusaraNIya evaM pratiSiddha hone kA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai| pratiSiddha hone kA eka dUsarA abhiprAya bhI hai jisakI ora AcArya kundakunda ne saMketa kiyA hai aura amRtacandra sUri ne jise spaSTa kiyA hai| vaha yaha ki paradravyoM meM Atmabuddhi, mamatvabuddhi evaM kartRtvabuddhi kA nAma adhyavasAna hai| yaha bandha kA hetu hai| paradravyaviSayaka hone se parAzrita hai| nizcayanaya dvArA prApta jJAna se yaha galata siddha ho jAtA hai| isI ko nizcayanaya dvArA isakA niSiddha honA kahA gayA hai| upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya bhI paradravyaviSayaka hone se parAzrita hai| cU~ki adhyavasAna parAzrita hone se nizcayanaya dvArA niSiddha hai, isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki parAzrita hone kI samAnatA ke kAraNa ( parAzritatvAvizeSAt ) vyavahAranaya kA bhI nizcayanaya dvArA niSedha ho jAtA hai| isakA parAzrita honA niSedha kA kAraNa isalie hai ki yaha jise mokSamArga kahatA hai vaha parAzrita hone se ekAntataH mokSa kA hetu nahIM hai, kyoMki abhavya jIva ekamAtra use hI apanAtA hai, kintu 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 272 .

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upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 109 vaha kabhI mukta nahIM hotA / ' vyavahAranaya dvArA pratipAdita mokSamArga jaba nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka evaM sahacArI hotA hai tabhI mokSa kA hetu banatA hai| nizcaya ke dvArA vyavahAra ke pratiSiddha hone kA eka abhiprAya yaha bhI hai ki nizcayamokSamArga meM sthita hone kI kSamatA A jAne para vyavahAramokSamArga kA avalambana tyAjya hotA hai| heya hone kA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke kathana ko zazazRMga ke kathana ke samAna sarvathA asatya mAna liyA jAya / sarvathA asatya mAna lene se isake dvArA jo saMsAra kI satyatA kA pratipAdana hotA hai, vaha bhI asatya ho jAyegA / saMsAra kI satyatA siddha na hone para mokSa prApti kA aucitya bhI siddha na hogA jisase sarvajJa ke sampUrNa upadeza ke ayuktisaMgata hone kA prasaMga AyegA / niSkarSa yaha ki aupacArika zabda se jo artha prathamataH upasthita hotA hai use paramArtha na mAnA jAya, apitu usase jo anya prAsaMgika artha vyaMjita hotA hai use paramArtha mAnA jAya / aupacArika zabda se prathamataH upasthita artha ko paramArtha mAnane para jIva samyagdRSTi nahIM ho pAtA, kevala anaupacArika ( jisakA vAcaka hai usI ke lie prayukta hone vAle ) zabda se prathamataH upasthita artha ko paramArtha mAnane vAlA jIva samyagdRSTi ho pAtA hai| hA~, aupacArika zabda se prathamata: upasthita artha ko gauNakara usa artha se jo anya yuktisaMgata artha vyaMjita hotA hai use paramArtha mAnanA samyagdRSTi banane ke lie anivArya hai| kucha ajJAnI isa vyavahAranaya ko heya kahe jAne kA tAtparya yaha lete haiM ki isa naya se jina vrata - zIla-saMyamAdi ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai, ve heya haiN| paMDita ToDaramalajI ne mokSamArgaprakAzaka meM isa mAnyatA ke bhramapUrNa hone kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai| "yahA~ koI nirvicArI puruSa aisA kahe ki tuma vyavahAra ko asatyArtha, heya kahate ho, to hama vrata, zIla, saMyamAdika vyavahAra kArya kisalie kareM ? sabako chor3a deNge|" 1. " AtmAzrito nizcayanayaH, parAzrito vyavahAranayaH / tatraivaM nizcayanayena parAzritaM samastamadhyavasAnaM bandhahetutvena mumukSoH pratiSedhayatA vyavahAranaya eva kila pratiSiddhaH, tasyApi praashrittvaavishessaat| pratiSedhya eva cAyam, AtmAzritanizcayanayAzritAnAmeva mucyamAnatvAt parAzritavyavahAranayasyaikAntenAmucyamAnenAbhavyenApyAzrIyamANatvAcca / " samayasAra/AtmakhyAti /gAthA 272 2 . vahI / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 276 - 277 3. 'kiM ca nirvikalpasamAdhirUpe nizcaye sthitvA vyavahArastyAjyaH kiM tu triguptAvasthAyAM vyavahAraH svayameva nAstIti tAtparyArthaH / evaM nizcayanayena vyavahAraH pratiSiddha iti / " vahI / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 276-277

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110 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana "usase kahate haiM ki kucha vrata, zIla, saMyamAdi kA nAma vyavahAra nahIM hai, inako mokSamArga mAnanA vyavahAra hai, use chor3a de aura aisA zraddhAna kara ki inako to bAhya sahakArI jAnakara upacAra se mokSamArga kahA hai| ye to paradravyAzrita haiN| saccA mokSamArga vItarAgabhAva hai, vaha svadravyAzrita hai| isa prakAra vyavahAra ko asatyArtha heya jaannaa| vratAdika ko chor3ane se to vyavahAra kA heyapanA hotA nahIM hai| phira hama pUchate haiM ki vratAdika ko chor3akara kyA karegA ? yadi hiMsAdirUpa pravateMgA to vahA~ to mokSamArga kA upacAra bhI sambhava nahIM hai, vahA~ pravartane se kyA bhalA hogA? narakAdi prApta kregaa| isalie aisA karanA to nirvicArIpanA hai tathA vratAdikarUpa pariNati ko miTAkara kevala vItarAga udAsInabhAvarUpa honA bane to acchA hI hai, vaha nicalI dazA me ho nahIM sakatA, isalie vratAdika sAdhana chor3akara svacchanda honA yogya nahIM hai|' isase spaSTa hotA hai ki vratazIlasaMyamAdi ko parityAjya mAnanA vyavahAranaya ke heya hone kA tAtparya nahIM hai, balki unheM upacAra se jo mokSamArga saMjJA dI gayI hai use satya aura grAhya na mAnanA heya hone kA tAtparya hai| kintu usa saMjJA se jo yaha artha dyotita hotA hai ki vratazIlasaMyamAdi paramparayA mokSa ke sAdhaka haiM, isalie nimna bhUmikA meM upAdeya haiM, ise to satya mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki vratazIlasaMyamAdi vAstava meM paramparayA mokSa ke sAdhaka haiM aura yahI dyotita karane ke lie unheM 'mokSamArga' saMjJA dI gayI hai| isa apekSA se vyavahAranaya athavA aupacArika zabda-prayoga upAdeya hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA zaktiyoM ke dvArA aupacArika zabda se vastu ke vAstavika dharma kA bodha karAtA hai| usa dharma kI svIkRti samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke lie Avazyaka 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/saptama adhikAra/pRSTha 253-254 2. "vyavahAramokSamAgoM nizcayaratnatrayasyopAdeyabhUtasya kaarnntvaadupaadeyH|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 161-163

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paJcama adhyAya sadbhUtavyavahAranaya ( bAhyabhedAvalambinI dRSTi ) jJAtA kI bAhyabhedAvalambinI dRSTi kA nAma sadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai| vastu aura usake dharmoM meM saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa aura prayojana kI apekSA jo bhinnatA hai usakA avalambana kara jaba yaha dRSTi dekhatI hai taba unameM bAhya bheda pAtI hai| sadbhUta kA artha hai vastu meM svabhAvataH vidyamAna ( sat ) dharma aura vyavahAra kA artha hai saMjJAdibheda kI apekSA use vastu se bhinna mAnanA aura dharma ke dvArA dharmI ( vastu ) kA bodha karAne ke lie unameM ( dharma-dharmI meM ) bhinna vastuoM ke samAna sva-svAmitvAdisambandha kA vyavahAra krnaa|' isIlie AlApapaddhatikAra ne kahA hai : "vyavahAro bhedaviSayaH' arthAt eka vastu meM rahanevAlA bheda sadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya hai| unhoMne anya sUtra meM bhI kahA hai - "guNaguNinoH paryAyaparyAyiNoH svabhAvasvabhAvinoH kArakakArakiNorbhedaH sdbhuutvyvhaarsyaarthH|"3 - guNa aura guNI, paryAya aura paryAyI ( dravya ), svabhAva aura svabhAvI tathA kAraka aura kArakI ( kArakavAn ) meM jo ( saMjJAdigata ) bheda hotA hai vaha sadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya hai ( arthAt usa bheda ko prakAzita karane vAlI dRSTi kA nAma sadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai ) / saMjJAdibheda ke sodAharaNa lakSaNa maulika-abhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi ke prakaraNa meM darzAye gaye haiN| saMjJAdigata bheda : atadbhAva saMjJAdigata bheda ko atadbhAva ( atadrUpatA ) kahate haiN| isakI yathArthatA 1. "yato hyanantadharmaNyekasmin dharmiNyaniSNAtasyAntevAsijanasya tadavabodhavidhAyibhi: kaizciddhabhaistamanuzAsatAM sUrINAM dharmadharmiNAM svabhAvato'bhede'pi vyapadezato bhedamutpAdya vyavahAramAtreNaiva jJAnino darzanaM jJAnaM caaritrmityupdeshH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 7 2. AlApapaddhati/sUtra 216 3. vahI/sUtra 209

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112 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kA nirUpaNa AcArya kundakunda ne nimnalikhita gAthA meM kiyA hai - jaM davvaM taM Na guNo jo vi guNo so Na taccamatthAdo / eso hi atabbhAvo Neva abhAvo tti NiddiTTho / / ' -jo dravya hai vaha guNa nahIM hai, jo guNa hai vaha dravya nahIM hai, yaha svarUpabheda hI atadbhAva hai| inameM se kisI kA abhAva atadbhAva nahIM hai| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM - "ekasmin dravye yad dravyaM guNo na tadbhavati, yo guNa: sa dravyaM na bhavatItyevaM yad dravyasya guNarUpeNa guNasya vA dravyarUpeNa tenAbhavanaM so'tadbhAva: etaavtaivaanytvvyvhaarsiddhH| - eka dravya meM jo dravya hai vaha guNa nahIM hotA, jo guNa hai vaha dravya nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra dravya kA guNarUpa aura guNa kA dravyarUpa na honA atadbhAva kahalAtA hai| mAtra itane se unameM paraspara anyatva kA vyavahAra hotA hai| AcArya jayasena ne ise nimnalikhita zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai - "kiMcAtadbhAva: ? saMjJAlakSaNaprayojanAdibheda ityrthH| tadyathA muktAphalahAre yo'sau zuklaguNastadvAcakena zuklamityakSaradvayena hAro vAcyo na bhavati sUtraM vA muktAphalaM vaa| hArasUtramuktAphalazabdaizca zuklaguNo vAcyo na bhvti| evaM parasparaM pradezAbhede'pi yo'sau saMjJAdibhedaH sa tasya pUrvoktalakSaNatadbhAvasyAbhAvo'tadbhAvo bhnnyte|"3 - atadbhAva kise kahate haiM ? saMjJA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi ke bheda ko atadbhAva kahate haiN| jaise motiyoM ke hAra meM jo zukla guNa hai usake vAcaka 'zukla' zabda se na to hAra vAcya hotA hai, na sUtra, na motii| isI prakAra hAra, sUtra aura motI ke vAcaka zabdoM se zukla guNa vAcya nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra paraspara pradezAbheda hone para bhI jo saMjJAdibheda hai, vaha atadbhAva kahalAtA hai| sva-svAmitvAdibheda kA hetu atadbhAva hI dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke pArasparika anyatva kA hetu hai|' saMjJAdibhedarUpa atadbhAva ke kAraNa hI vastu aura usake guNa-paryAyoM ke viSaya meM 'yaha isameM hai' aisI pratIti hotI hai| AcArya kundakunda ke vacana kI vyAkhyA karate hue amRtacandra sUri batalAte haiM - 1. pravacanasAra, 2/16 2. vahI/tattvadIpikA 2/16 3. vahI/tAtparyavRtti 2/15 4. "sa tdbhaavlkssnno'tdbhaavo'nytvnibndhnbhuutH|" vahI/tattvadIpikA 2/15

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sadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 113 "sattAguNa dravya se yutasiddhatva ( saMyogasiddha hone ) kI apekSA bhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki una donoM meM daNDa aura daNDI ke samAna yutasiddhatva dikhAI nahIM detaa| ayatasiddhatva kI apekSA bhI unakA bhinna padArtha honA ghaTita nahIM hotaa|' yadi kahA jAya ki 'isameM yaha hai' aisI pratIti hone ke kAraNa ghaTita hotA hai to prazna uThatA hai ki isameM yaha hai' aisI pratIti kisa kAraNa se utpanna hotI hai ? kahA jAya ki bheda hone ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai to prazna hai ki bheda kisa prakAra kA hai ? prAdezika athavA atAdbhAvika ? prAdezika to ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki yutasiddhatva kA to pUrva meM hI niSedha kiyA jA cukA hai| yadi atAdbhAvika hai to ucita hai, kyoMki jo dravya hai vaha guNa nahIM hai aisA Agama meM kahA gayA hai| kintu atAdbhAvika bheda ekAntarUpa se 'isameM yaha hai' aisI pratIti kA hetu nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha svayaM kabhI prakaTa hotA hai, kabhI lupt| udAharaNArtha, jaba paryAya kI dRSTi se dravya kA parAmarza kiyA jAtA hai tabhI 'yaha uttarIya zubhra hai aura yaha usakA zubhraguNa hai' isake samAna 'yaha dravya guNavad hai aura yaha usakA guNa hai' aisI pratIti hotI hai aura usake dvArA atAdbhAvika bheda prakAzita hotA hai|" "kintu jaba dravya kA dravya kI apekSA vicAra karate haiM taba guNatva kA bheda dRSTi se ojhala ho jAtA hai aura zubhratva meM hI uttarIya kI anubhUti ke samAna guNa hI dravyarUpa se anubhava meM AtA hai| isa advaita avasthA meM atAdbhAvika bheda samUla lupta ho jAtA hai| bheda ke lupta ho jAne para tannimittaka pratIti ( 'isameM yaha hai' aisI pratIti ) lupta ho jAtI hai| usake lupta hone para ayutasiddhatva ke nimitta se sattAgaNa aura dravya meM jo padArthabheda kI pratIti hotI hai vaha bhI adRzya ho jAtI hai| taba samastarUpa se akelA dravya hI pratIti meM AtA hai| kintu jaba atAdbhAvika bheda prakAzita hotA hai taba usake nimitta se 'isameM yaha hai' aisI pratIti 1. pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 2/6 2. "ihedamitipratIterupapadyata iti cet kinnibandhanA hIhedamiti prtiitiH| bhedanibandhaneti cet ko nAma bhedaH ? prAdezika: atAdbhAviko vA? . na tAvatprAdezikaH, pUrvameva yutsiddhtvsyaapsaarnnaat| atAbhAvikazced upapanna eva yadravyaM tana guNa iti vcnaat| ayaM tu na khalvekAntenehedamitipratIternibandhanaM, svymevonmgnnimgntvaat| tathAhi - yadeva paryAyeNArphAte dravyaM tadeva guNavadidaM dravyamayamasya guNaH, zubhramidamuttarIyamayamasya zubhro guNa ityAdivadatAbhAviko bheda unmjjti|" vahI/tattvadIpikA 2/6 3. "tasmAdabhedanayena sattA svayameva dravyaM bhvtiiti|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti 2 / 8 4. vahI/tattvadIpikA 2/6

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114 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana - isa vyAkhya AvirbhUta hotI hai| usake AvirbhUta hone para ayutasiddhatva ke nimitta se jo padArthabheda kI pratIti hotI hai vaha bhI hone lagatI hai| kintu usa samaya bhI jaise jalarAzi se jala kI taraMgeM pRthaka nahIM hotIM vaise hI dravya kI paryAya hone se sattAguNa dravya se pRthak nahIM hotaa| aisA hone ke kAraNa sattA svayaM dravyarUpa se pratIta hotI hai|" isa vyAkhyAna se spaSTa hotA hai ki vastu aura usake dharmoM meM saMjJAdibheda ( atAdbhAvika bheda ) hone ke kAraNa hI paryAya ( saMjJAdibheda ) kI dizA se ( vyavahAranaya se ) avalokana karane para 'yaha isakA hai', 'yaha isameM hai', 'yaha isakA dharma hai', 'yaha isakA dharmI hai', 'yaha isakA sva hai', 'yaha isakA svAmI hai', ityAdi prakAra se dharma aura dharmI meM sva-svAmI, AdhArAdheya Adi dvaita ( atAdbhAvika bheda ) kI pratIti hotI hai| eka vastu meM ye do bhAva arthAt svasvAmibhAva, AdhArAdheyabhAva Adi vAstavika hote haiM, kAlpanika nahIM, kyoMki AcArya kundakunda ke vacana kI vyAkhyA karate hue zrI amRtacandra sUri ne kahA hai - "jJAnI isa nizcayadRSTi kA avalambana karatA hai ki jo jisakA svabhAva hai vaha usakA sva hai aura usI kA vaha svaamii|"3 tathA "svabhAva ke sAtha hI vastu kA AdhArAdheya sambandha hai|"" kintu ina do bhAvoM ke kAraNa vastu meM jo dvaita ( bheda ) kI pratIti hotI hai vaha dvaita maulika ( pradezagata yA sattAgata ) na hokara saMjJAdi bheda para Azrita hotA hai, isalie vaha bAhyabhedAvalambinI sadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi se bhUtArtha siddha hotA hai, maulikabhedAvalambinI nizcayadRSTi se nhiiN| kartA-karmatvAdi bheda kA hetu vastu aura usake dharmoM meM saMjJAdi kA bheda hone se hI kartA-karma Adi kA bheda ghaTita hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, AtmA aura darzanajJAnAdi dharmoM meM saMjJAdi kI dRSTi se bhinnatA hai isIlie AtmA darzanajJAnAdi pariNAmoM kA kartA aura darzanajJAnAdi pariNAma usake karma kahalAte haiN| abhedaAtmA meM kartA-karmAdi kA yaha bheda yathArtha hai yaha nimnalikhita vacanoM se siddha hotA hai - 1. "yadA tu bheda unmajjati tasminnunmajjati tatpratyayA prtiitirunmjjti| tasyAmu nmjjtyaamyutsiddhtvotthmrthaantrtvmunmjjti|" pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 2/6 2. vahI 3. "yato hi jJAnI, yo hi yasya svo bhAvaH sa tasya sva: sa tasya svAmIti kharataratattvadRSTyavaSTambhAd AtmAnamAtmanaH parigrahaM tu niyamena vijaanaati|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 207 4. "tataH svarUpapratiSThatvalakSaNa evaadhaaraadheysmbndho'vtisstthte|" vahI/gAthA 181-183

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sadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 115 AtmA jJAnaM svayaM jJAnaM jJAnAdanyatkaroti kim / parabhAvasya karttAtmA moho'yaM vyavahAriNAm / / - AtmA jJAna hai, svayaM jJAna hai, ata: vaha jJAna ke atirikta kisakA kartA ho sakatA hai ? use parabhAva kA kartA mAnanA vyavahAriyoM ( vyavahAra ko paramArtha samajhane vAloM ) kA ajJAna hai| "eeNa kAraNeNa du kattA AdA saeNa bhaavenn|"2 -( pUrvokta kAraNa se siddha hotA hai ki ) AtmA apane hI bhAva kA kartA hai| __"jIvasya svapariNAmaireva saha nizcayanayena kartRkarmabhAvo bhoktbhogybhaavshc|"3 - nizcayanaya se jIva kA svapariNAmoM ke sAtha hI kartA-karmabhAva evaM bhoktA-bhogyabhAva hai| tathA saMvedanamapyAtmano'bhinnatvAt katrazenAtmatAmApannaM karaNAMzena jJAnatAmApanena kAraNabhUtAnAmarthAnAM kAryabhUtAn samastajJeyAkArAnabhivyApya vrtmaanm|" - ( usIprakAra ) jJAnaM bhI AtmA se abhinna hone ke kAraNa kartA-aMza kI apekSA AtmAsaMjJA tathA karaNa-aMza kI apekSA jJAnasaMjJA dhAraNa kara kAraNabhUta jIvAdi padArthoM ke kAryabhUta samasta jJeyAkAroM ( AtmA meM saMkramita padArthapratibimboM) ko abhivyApta karatA hai ( jAnatA hai ) / "jJAnI jJAnAdyarthAntarabhUtastadA svakaraNAMzamantareNa parazurahitadevadattavat karaNavyApArAsamarthatvAd acetayamAno'cetana eva syaat| jJAnaJca yadi jJAnino'rthAntarabhUtaM tadA tatkazamantareNa devadattarahitaparazuvat kartRtvavyApArAsamarthatvAd acetayamAnamacetanameva syaat| na ca jJAnajJAninoryutasiddhayossaMyogena cetanatvaM dravyasya nirvizeSasya guNAnAM nirAzrayANAM shuunytvaaditi|5 - jJAnI yadi jJAna se bhinna padArtha ho to apane karaNa-aMza ke binA parazurahita devadatta ke samAna karaNa-vyApAra meM asamartha hogaa| phalasvarUpa jJAnarUpa karaNa ( sAdhakatama ) ke abhAva meM sva-para ke bodha meM samartha na ho pAne se acetana hI tthhregaa| isI prakAra yadi jJAna jJAnI se bhinna ho to apane kartA-aMza ke binA 1. samayasAra/kalaza, 62 2. vahI/gAthA 82 3. vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 83 4. pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 1/30 5. paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 48

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116 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jJAna-vyApAra meM asamartha hogA, kyoMki jaise devadattarUpa kartA ke abhAva meM parazurUpa karaNa apane vyApAra meM pravRtta nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI jJAnIrUpa kartA ke binA jJAnarUpa karaNa apane padArthabodha ke vyApAra meM pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| isa taraha usake dvArA padArtha-paricchitti kA kArya na ho pAne se acetana hI siddha hogaa| aisA bhI nahIM hai ki jJAna aura jJAnI yutasiddha ( sAMyogika ) hoM, jisase jJAnI meM saMyoga se cetanatva mAnA jAya, kyoMki jJAna aura jJAnI ke pRthak hone para vizeSa ke abhAva meM dravya kA abhAva ho jAyegA aura nirAzraya hone para guNoM kI sattA na raha paavegii| AtmA apanI samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrAtmaka paryAya kI apekSA sAdhakatama hone se karaNa hai, mukta paryAya kI apekSA sAdhya hone se karma hai aura donoM paryAyoM meM svatantrarUpa se pariNamita hone kI apekSA kartA hai| yaha bAta AcArya kundakunda ke vacana kA bhASya karate hue amRtacandra sUri ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kahI hai - "yenaiva hi bhAvanAtmA sAdhya: sAdhanaM ca syAt tenaiva nityamupAsya iti svayamAkUya pareSAM vyavahAreNa sAdhunA darzanajJAnacAritrANi nityamupAsyAnIti prtipaadyte| tAni punastrINyapi paramArthenAtmaika eva vstvntraabhaavaat|" - jisa bhAva se AtmA sAdhya aura sAdhana hai, usI bhAva se vaha nitya upAsanA ke yogya hai, isa bAta ko mana meM rakhakara dUsaroM ko vyavahAranaya se upadeza diyA gayA hai ki sAdhu ke lie darzana, jJAna aura cAritra nitya upAsanIya haiN| vastuta: ve tInoM AtmA se bhinna vastu na hone ke kAraNa AtmA hI haiN| yahI bAta sUri jI adholikhita paMktiyoM meM kahate haiM - "Atmavastuno hi jJAnamAtratve'pyupAyopeyabhAvo vidyata eva, tasyaikasyApi svayaM saadhksiddhruupobhyprinnaamitvaat| tatra yatsAdhakaM rUpaM sa upAyaH, yatsiddhaM rUpaM sa upeyH||2 - yadyapi Atmavastu jJAnamAtra hai, to bhI usameM upAyabhAva ( sAdhakabhAva ) aura upeyabhAva ( sAdhyabhAva ) donoM vidyamAna haiM, kyoMki vaha eka hote hue bhI sAdhaka aura siddha ubhayarUpa pariNamita hotI hai| inameM jo sAdhakarUpa hai vaha upAya hai aura jo siddharUpa hai vaha upey| __ isa taraha advaita AtmA meM kartAkarmAdibhAva niyatasvalakSaNa kI apekSA nizcayanaya se satya hai, kyoMki paramArthataH eka hI vastu meM kartAkarmAdi ke lakSaNa 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 16 2. vahI/syAdvAdAdhikAra, pRSTha 531 .

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sadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 117 ghaTita hote haiM, bhinna vastuoM meM nhiiN| kintu advaita AtmA meM kartAkarmAdirUpa dvaita vastubheda para Azrita na hokara saMjJAdibheda para Azrita hai, isa apekSA se nizcayanaya se satya nahIM hai, apitu saMjJAdibhedAvalambI sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se satya hai| ___ abheda meM bhI svasvAmitvAdivyapadeza kI upapatti naiyAyikoM kA mata hai ki yadi dravya aura guNoM meM ekAntataH ( vasturUpa se ) bheda na ho, to unameM 'yaha isa dravya kA guNa hai' aisA SaSThIvyapadeza ( svasvAmibhAvakathana ) athavA 'miTTI apane ghaTapariNAma ko utpanna karatI hai' aisA kartAkarmAdi-kArakavyapadeza ghaTita nahIM ho sktaa| ata: dravya aura guNa saMjJAdirUpa se nahIM, apitu vasturUpa se bhinna haiN| kintu jinendradeva kA kathana hai ki saMjJAdi kA bheda hone para bhI vyapadezAdi ghaTita hote haiN| jaise 'devadatta kI gAya' isa vAkyAMza meM bhinna vastuoM meM svasvAmibhAva kA kathana hai vaise hI 'vRkSa kI zAkhAe~', 'dravya ke guNa' ina uktiyoM meM eka hI vastu meM saMjJAdi bheda ke AdhAra para svasvAmibhAva kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jaise 'devadatta, dhanadatta ke lie bagIce meM aMkuza ke dvArA vRkSa se phala tor3atA haiM' yahA~ bhinna vastuoM meM SaTkAraka-prayoga huA hai, vaise hI 'miTTI svayaM, svayaM ke dvArA, svayaM ke lie, svayaM meM se, svayaM meM ghaTaparyAya utpanna karatI hai' yahA~ eka hI vastu meM saMjJAdibheda ke Azraya se SaTkAraka prayukta hue haiN| isI prakAra 'AtmA AtmA ko, AtmA ke dvArA, AtmA ke lie, AtmA se AtmA meM jAnatA hai', yahA~ bhI eka hI vastu meM SaTkArakoM kA vyavahAra huA hai| jaise 'eka devadatta kI dasa gAyeM' yahA~ bhinna vastuoM meM saMkhyA-bheda kiyA gayA hai, vaise hI 'eka vRkSa kI dasa zAkhAe~' athavA 'eka dravya meM ananta guNa' yahA~ eka hI vastu meM saMkhyAtmaka bheda darzAyA gayA hai| jaise 'gozAlA meM gAyeM' yahA~ bhinna padArthoM meM AdhArAdheyabhAva kA kathana hai vaise hI 'vRkSa meM zAkhAe~' athavA 'dravya meM guNa' yahA~ eka hI vastu meM AdhArAdheyasambandha batalAyA gayA hai| jaise 'lambe devadatta kI lambI gAya' isa vacana meM bhinna vastuoM meM saMsthAnabheda kA varNana hai vaise hI 'U~ce vRkSa kI U~cI zAkhAe~' athavA 'mUrta dravya ke mUrta guNa' yahA~ eka hI vastu meM saMsthAnabheda varNita hai| ataH SaSThI Adi vyapadeza dravya aura guNoM meM vasturUpa se bheda siddha nahIM krte| 1. "nizcayena yadi vastu cintyate kartR karma ca sdaikmissyte|" samayasAra/kalaza 210 2. "naiyAyikAH kila vadanti dravyaguNAnAM yadyekAntena bhedo nAsti tarhi vyapadezAdayo na ghttnte| tatrottaramAhuH -dravyaguNAnAM kathaJcidbhede tathaivAbhede'pi vyapadezAdayaH sntiiti|" paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 46 3. vahI/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 46

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118 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana __ anekatva kA hetu saMjJAdibheda ke kAraNa hI eka vastu meM anekatva ( anekarUpatA ) dikhAI detA hai| jaise saMjJAdi kI apekSA guNa, guNI ( dravya ) se bhinna hai, isalie guNaguNIrUpa se vastu meM anekatva hai|' AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM - darzanajJAnacAritraistribhiH pariNatatvataH / / eko'pi trisvabhAvatvAd vyavahAreNa mecakaH / / - yadyapi AtmA vasturUpa se eka hai tathApi darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ina tIna rUpoM meM pariNata hotA hai, isalie trisvabhAvAtmakatA ke kAraNa vyavahAranaya se anekarUpa hai| samayasAra kI sAtavIM gAthA kA vyAkhyAna karate hue AcArya jayasena likhate "jaise abheda kI ora se avalokana karanevAle nizcayanaya se agni ekavasturUpa se anubhava meM AtI hai, kintu ( saMjJAdirUpa ) bhedapakSa se dekhanevAle vyavahAranaya se jalAne kI apekSA dAhaka, pakAne kI apekSA pAcaka aura prakAza karane kI apekSA prakAzaka ina tIna rUpoM meM pratIta hotI hai, vaise hI jIva bhI abhedAvalambI nizcayanaya se zuddhacaitanyarUpa eka vastu hai, to bhI saMjJAdibheda kA avalambana karane vAle vyavahAranaya se nirIkSaNa karane para jAnane kI apekSA jJAna, dekhane kI apekSA darzana aura AcaraNa karane kI apekSA cAritra, ina tIna rUpoMvAlA dRSTigocara hotA unhoMne eka anya gAthA kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki yadyapi abhedanaya ( maulika-abhedAvalambI nizcayanaya ) se cetanA ekarUpa hai, tathApi sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke bheda se darzanajJAnarUpa ( anekarUpa ) hai - 1. "ata eva ca sattAdravyayoH kathaJcidanAntaratve'pi sarvathaikatvaM na zaGkanIyaM, tadbhAvo hyekatvasya lkssnnm| yattu na tadbhavad vibhAvyate tatkathamekaM syAt ? api tu guNaguNi ruupennaanekmevetyrthH|" pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 2/14 2. samayasAra/kalaza 17 3. "yathA nizcayanayenAbhedarUpeNAgnireka eva pazcAda bhedarUpavyavahAreNa dahatIti dAhakaH, - pacatIti pAcakaH, prakAzaM karotIti prakAzakaH iti vyutpattyA viSayabhedena tridhA bhidyate tathA jIvo'pi nizcayarUpAbhedanayena zuddhacaitanyarUpo'pi bhedarUpavyavahAranayena jAnAtIti jJAnaM, pazyatIti darzanaM, caratIti cAritramiti vyutpattyA viSayabhedena tridhA bhidyate iti|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 7

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sadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 119 "yadyapyabhedanayenaikarUpA cetanA tathApi sAmAnyavizeSaviSayabhedena darzanajJAnarUpA bhvti| AcArya kundakunda ne nimnalikhita gAthA meM dravya kI vizvarUpatA ( anekarUpatA ) para prakAza DAlA hai - Na viyappadi NANAdo NANI NANANi hoti NegANi / tamhA du vissarUvaM bhaNiyaM daviyatti NANIhi / / 2 --- jJAnI jJAna se pRthak nahIM hai aura jJAna aneka haiM, isalie jJAniyoM ne dravya ko vizvarUpa ( anekarUpa ) kahA hai| amRtacandra sUri ne isakA abhiprAya isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - "dravyaM hi sahakramapravRttAnantaguNaparyAyAdhAratayA'nantarUpatvAd ekamapi vizvarUpamabhidhIyata iti|" - dravya sahapravRtta tathA kramapravRtta aneka guNaparyAyoM kA AdhAra hai, isalie anantarUpa hone ke kAraNa eka hote hue bhI vizvarUpa kahalAtA hai| ___AtmAdi padArthoM kI yaha anekarUpAtmakatA dharma-dharmI ke saMjJAdibheda para Azrita hai, isalie bAhyabhedAvalambI sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se avalokana karane para dRSTigocara hotI hai| . savizeSatva kA hetu . AtmAdi dravyoM se darzanajJAnAdi guNa saMjJAdi kI apekSA bhinna hote haiM, isa bhinnatA ke kAraNa ve 'vizeSa' kahalAte haiN| AtmA kA asAdhAraNasvabhAvabhUta caitanyabhAva darzanajJAnAdi samasta guNoM kA AdhAra hone se 'sAmAnya' hai aura darzanajJAnAdi guNa usake viziSTa rUpa haiM, isalie 'vizeSa' zabda se abhihita hote haiN| samayasAra kI TIkA meM AcArya amRtacandra ne AtmA ke savizeSatva ko spaSTa karate hue kahA 1. samayasAra/gAthA 298-299 / 2. pazcAstikAya/gAthA 43 3. "na caivamucyamAne'pyekasminnAtmanyAbhinibodhakAdInyanekAni jJAnAni virudhyante dravyasya vishvruuptvaat|" vahI/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 43 4. vahI 5. "evaM jJAnadarzane apyAtmani sambaddha AtmadravyAd avibhaktapradezatvenA'nanyepi saMjJAdi___ vyapadezanibandhairvizeSaiH pRthktvmaasaadytH|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 51-52

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120 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana "yathA ca kAJcanasya snigdhapItagurutvAdiparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAM vizeSatvaM bhUtArthamapi pratyastamitasamastavizeSaM kAJcanasvabhAvamupetyAnubhUyamAnatAyAmabhUtArtha tathAtmano jJAnadarzanAdiparyAyeNAnubhUyamAnatAyAM vizeSatvaM bhUtArthamapi prtystmitsmstvishessmaatmsvbhaavmupetyaanubhuuymaantaayaambhuutaarthm|" - jaise svarNa ko cikanepana, pIlepana aura bhArIpana kI paryAyoM ke dvArA anubhava karane para usakA vizeSatva bhUtArtha siddha hotA hai, kintu jisameM ye samasta vizeSa nimagna hote haiM usa sAmAnyabhUta svabhAva ke dvArA anubhava karane para abhUtArtha ThaharatA hai, vaise hI AtmA ko jaba jJAnadarzanAdi paryAyoM ke dvArA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, taba usakA vizeSatva bhUtArtha siddha hotA hai, kintu jaba ina samasta vizeSoM ko apane meM samAye rakhanevAle caitanyarUpa svabhAva-sAmAnya ke dvArA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, taba vizeSatva asatya ho jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki vastu kA viziSTarUpa saMjJAdibheda para avalambita hone se bAhyabhedAvalambinI sadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi se dekhane para satya siddha hotA hai| vastu-avabodhanArtha SaSThI Adi vyapadeza bhinna vastuoM yA eka vastu ke bhinna rUpoM meM 'yaha isakA hai' isa taraha sva-svAmibhAva kA nirdeza karanA SaSThI-vyapadeza kahalAtA hai tathA 'yaha isa rUpa se pariNamita hotA hai' athavA 'yaha isakA kartA hai aura yaha isakA karma' isa prakAra se kartAkarmAdibhAva kA nirdeza karanA kAraka-vyapadeza kahalAtA hai| inake dvArA vastu kI pahacAna karAI jAtI hai, use paribhASita yA vivecita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise 'darzana, jJAna, cAritra AtmA ke guNa haiM', isa vAkya meM AtmA ko svAmI ke rUpa meM tathA darzanAdi ko usake sva ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai, ata: SaSThI-vyapadeza hai| isa SaSThI-vibhaktiyukta vAkya se yaha bodha hotA hai ki darzanajJAnAdizaktiyoMvAlA padArtha AtmA kahalAtA hai| AtmA aura darzanajJAnAdi guNoM kA isa prakAra bhedapUrvaka ( bhinna padArthoM kI taraha ) kathana saMjJAdibheda para Azrita hotA hai, isalie saMjJAdibhedAvalambI sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se ghaTita hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne ise nimnalikhita gAthA meM spaSTa kiyA hai - vavahAreNuvadissai NANissa caritta daMsaNaM NANaM / Navi NANaM Na caritaM Na daMsaNaM jANago suddho / / - bhAvArtha yaha hai ki 'jJAnI ( AtmA ) ke darzana, jJAna aura cAritra haiM', 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 14 2. vahI/gAthA 7

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sadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 121 isa prakAra SaSThIvyapadezapUrvaka ( svasvAmibhAvanirdezapUrvaka ) jJAnI aura darzanajJAnAdi guNoM ko eka-dUsare se pRthak karake varNita kiyA jAtA hai| aisA varNana vyavahAranaya se saMgata hotA hai, nizcayanaya se nhiiN| nizcayanaya se na to jJAna jJAnI se pRthak hai, na darzana, na caaritr| ye saba usase abhinna haiM, isalie vaha zuddha ( bhinnadravyasaMyogarahita ekavasturUpa ) jJAyaka hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne ukta gAthA ke bhAva ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - - "jo ziSya anantadharmAtmaka akhaNDavastu se aparicita hote haiM, unheM guru usake kucha dharmoM ke dvArA usakA bodha karAte haiN| taba ve 'darzana, jJAna aura cAritra jisake dharma haiM, use AtmA kahate haiM', aise SaSThIvyapadezAtmaka vAkya kA prayoga karate haiM, jisameM AtmA aura usake darzana-jJAnAdi dharma bhinna vastuoM ke rUpa meM varNita hote haiN| isa prakAra kevala vastusvarUpa ke pratipAdana ke liye hI abhinna dharma-dharmI ko bhinna padArthoM ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA jAtA hai| isase yaha nahIM samajha lenA cAhiye ki ve vAstava meM bhinna haiN| cU~ki ekavastubhUta dharma-dharmI meM yaha SaSThIvyapadeza saMjJAdibheda para Azrita hai, isalie saMjJAdibheda ke AdhAra para yaha bhedapUrvaka kathana sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se saMgata hotA hai| isI prakAra 'AtmA' zabda kA artha pratipAdita karane ke lie ekavastubhUta AtmA aura darzanajJAnacAritra ko saMjJAdibheda ke AdhAra para bhinnatayA grahaNa kara kartAkarmarUpa kArakavyapadeza dvArA 'darzanajJAnacAritrANyatatItyAtmA'' ( jo darzana, jJAna aura cAritrarUpa pariNamana karatA hai vaha AtmA hai ), isa prakAra varNita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha bhedAtmaka varNana bhI saMjJAdibhedahetuka hone se sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se saMgata hai| kahIM guNa aura guNI ko saMjJAdi bheda ke AdhAra para vizeSaNa-vizeSya ke rUpa meM varNita kara guNI ke svarUpa kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha "AtmA hi jnyaandrshnsukhsvbhaavH|"3 - AtmA jJAna, darzana aura sukhasvabhAvavAlA hai| "ahamikko khalu suddho daMsaNaNANamaio sdruuvii|" 1. "yato hyanantadharmaNyekasmin dharmiNyaniSNAtasyAntevAsijanasya tadavabodhavidhAyibhiH kaizciddhamaistamanuzAsatAM sUrINAM dharmadharmiNAM svabhAvato'bhede'pi vyapadezato bhedamutpAdya vyavahAramAtreNaiva jJAnino darzanaM jJAnaM caaritrmityupdeshH|" / samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 7 2. vahI/gAthA 8 3. paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 29 4. samayasAra/gAthA 38

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122 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana 1 - maiM nizcayanaya se eka hU~, zuddha hU~, darzanajJAnamaya hU~ aura sadA rUparahita hU~ / 'paNNAe ghittavvo jo daTThA so ahaM tu nnicchyo|' 'paNNAe ghittavvo jo NAdA so ahaM tu nnicchyo|' - - prajJA ke dvArA aisA anubhava karanA cAhie ki jo draSTA hai, vahI nizcayanaya se maiM hU~, jo jJAtA hai vahI nizcayanaya se maiM hU~ / 2 ina nirUpaNoM meM 'jJAnadarzanasukhasvabhAva', 'darzanajJAnamaya' tathA 'jJAtA' aura 'draSTA' vizeSaNoM ke dvArA vizeSyabhUta AtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA haiN| inase AtmA ke anekatva evaM savizeSatva kA bhI pratipAdana hotA hai| 'guNaparyayavad dravyam / '3 dravya guNaparyAyavAlA hai| 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / * - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA samUha mokSa kA mArga hai / ina paribhASAoM meM dharma aura dharmI ko vizeSaNa - vizeSya ke rUpa meM varNita kara dravya tathA mokSamArga ke lakSaNa evaM anekatva aura savizeSatva pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| ye samasta nirUpaNa evaM paribhASAe~ sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se upapanna hotI haiM / jahA~ dharma ke dvArA dharmI kI pahacAna karAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai vahA~ unakA SaSThI Adi vibhaktiyoM ke prayoga dvArA bhedapUrvaka kathana nahIM kiyA jAtA / vahA~ dharmadharmI kI abhinnatA ke dyotaka jo dravyavAcaka 'AtmA' athavA 'caitanya' Adi zabda haiM, unake dvArA hI AtmAdi padArthoM kA nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| AcAryoM ne kahA bhI hai " jaise koI brAhmaNa Adi puruSa mleccha ko samajhAne ke samaya hI mlecchabhASA bolatA hai, zeSa samaya meM nahIM, vaise hI jJAnI puruSa bhI ajJAnI ko pratibodhita karate samaya hI vyavahAranaya kA Azraya letA hai ( vyavahAranayAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga karatA hai ) anya samaya meM nahIM / 5 1. samayasAra/gAthA 298-299 2. vahI/gAthA 298-299 3. tattvArthasUtra / paJcama adhyAya / sUtra 38 4. " tasya tu mokSamArgasya samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga iti bhedAtmakatvAt paryAyapradhAnena vyavahAranayena nirNayo bhavati / " pravacanasAra / tAtparyavRtti 3/42 "atha yathA ko'pi brAhmaNAdiviziSTo jano mlecchapratibodhanakAle eva mlecchabhASAM brUte na ca zeSakAle tathaiva jJAnIpuruSo'pyajJAnipratibodhanakAle vyavahAramAzrayati na ca zeSakAle / " samayasAra / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 11

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sadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 123 abheda kI apekSA guNaguNyAdilakSaNa kI upapatti yahA~ yaha tathya dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki saMjJAdibheda kI apekSA eka vastu meM guNa-guNI AdirUpa bheda ( dvaita ) upapanna hotA hai aura prAdezika abheda kI apekSA guNa-guNI Adi ke lakSaNa evaM astitva kI upapatti hotI hai| kyoMki yadi guNa aura guNI sarvathA bhinna padArtha hoM to guNI meM guNa kI nitya sattA na hone para eka viziSTa lakSaNavAle dravya ke rUpa meM usakA astitva ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA aura guNI se pRthak rahane para Azraya ke abhAva meM guNa kA astitva sambhava nahIM hai|' jaise jJAna guNa se jJAnI ( AtmA ) ke pRthaka rahane para jJAnalakSaNAtmaka viziSTa dravya ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha nahIM ho sakatI tathA AtmA se pRthak rahane para Azraya ke abhAva meM jJAnaguNa kA sadbhAva siddha nahIM ho sktaa| isalie vasturUpa se abhinna hone para hI unameM guNa-guNIrUpa lakSaNa ghaTita hote haiM aura unakA astitva siddha hotA hai| isalie guNa-guNI, sva-svAmI, karttA-karma Adi ke prAdezika ( maulika ) abhedarUpa lakSaNa para dRSTi DAlane se guNa-guNI Adi kI ekavastutA bhUtArtha siddha hotI hai aura bhinna vastuoM kI guNaguNyAdirUpatA abhuutaarth| ata: guNaguNyAdi kA ekavastutvarUpa svabhAva abhedAzrita nizcayanaya se dRSTigocara hotA hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai - "nizcayena yadi vastu cintyate kartR karma ca sdaikmissyte|"3 arthAt yadi nizcayanaya se vastu kA cintana kiyA jAya to kartA aura karma sadA eka vasturUpa pratIta hote haiN| isalie 'jIva darzanajJAnacAritrasvarUpa hai' isa kathana kA jaba saMjJAdibhedAzrita sadbhUtavyavahAradRSTi se parAmarza kiyA jAyegA taba ekavastubhUta jIva meM guNaguNIrUpa bheda ( dvaita ) ke darzana hoMge aura jaba guNaguNI ke prAdezika abheda para Azrita nizcayadRSTi se avalokana kareMge taba donoM ke ekavastutva kI pratIti hogii| isa dRSTi se AcArya kundakunda kI nimnalikhita gAthA draSTavya hai -- daMsaNaNANacarittaNi sevidavvANi sAhuNA NiccaM / tANi puNa jANa tiNNivi appANaM ceva Nicchayado / / - sAdhu ko sadA darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI upAsanA karanI cAhie aura 1. jadi havadi davvamaNNaM guNado ya guNA ya davvado aNNe / . davvAbhAvaM. pakuvvaMti / / paJcAstikAya, gAthA 44 2. (ka) "guNaparyayavad drvym|" tattvArthasUtra/paJcama adhyAya/sUtra 38 (kha) "dravyAzrayA nirguNA gunnaaH|" vahI/paJcama adhyAya/sUtra 41 3. samayasAra/kalaza, 210 4. vahI/gAthA 16

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124 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana yaha bhI samajhanA cAhie ke ye tInoM paramArthataH AtmA hI haiN| isa gAthA meM AcAryazrI ne sadbhUtavyavahAranayarUpa bhedadRSTi kA Azraya lekara jIva ko darzanajJAnacAritrasvarUpa kahA hai, arthAt usameM guNa- guNIrUpa dvaita darzAyA hai| tatpazcAt nizcayanayarUpa abhedadRSTi kA avalambana kara darzanajJAnAdi guNoM ko AtmadravyarUpa ekavastu hI batalAyA hai| isa prakAra eka hI prakAra kI zabdAvalI yA kathana dRSTibheda se sadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka evaM nizcanayAtmaka donoM ho sakatA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki pratyeka sadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka kathana guNa-guNI yA karttA - karmAdi ke kathaMcid bheda aura kathaMcid abheda para Azrita hotA hai' aura bheda ke dvArA unake ekavastutva rUpa abheda ko darzAyA jAtA hai jisase lakSyabhUta vastu ke svarUpa kA adhigama hotA hai| abheda kI pratIti hue binA lakSya vastu ke svarUpa kI pratIti nahIM ho sktii| ataH pratyeka sadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka kathana abheda kI ora dRSTi le jAne kI apekSA nizcayanayAtmaka bhI hotA hai| nizcayanaya ke prakaraNa meM maulika abheda kI apekSA svaguNaparyAyoM ke sAtha hI jIva ke svasvAmitvAdi sambandha pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM, ataH ve pratipAdana nizcayanayAtmaka haiM, kintu advaita jIva meM svasvAmitvAdi dvaita ke darzAye jAne se ukta nirUpaNa sadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka bhI haiM / sadbhUtavyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza ke prayojana eka vastubhUta dharma aura dharmI ko sadbhUtavyavahAranaya ( saMjJAdibhedAvalambinIdRSTi ) kA Azraya lekara jo bhinna padArthoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai usakA prayojana hai ajJa ziSyoM ko vastu kA svarUpa smjhaanaa| yaha vastusvarUpa ke pratipAdana kI anivArya paddhata hai| udAharaNArtha, AtmA kisI ko dikhAI nahIM detA, kintu usakI jAnane-dekhane kI zaktiyA~ arthAt guNa sabake anubhava meM Ate haiM, ataH guNoM kA alaga se nAma lekara AtmA ke svarUpa aura astitva kA bodha karAnA sambhava hotA hai / vastusvarUpa ko hRdayaMgama karAne kA isake atirikta koI upAya nahIM hai / - isalie yadyapi ekavastubhUta dharma aura dharmI ko bhinna padArthoM kI taraha varNita karanA. ayathArtha hai, tathApi yathArtha kI pratIti karAne kA sAdhana hai| isIlie AcArya kundakunda ne ko mleccha bhASA kI upamA dI hai| ve kahate haiM . sadbhUtavyavahAranaya jaha Navi sakkamaNajjo aNajjabhAsaM viNA u gAheuM / taha vavahAreNa viNA paramatthuvaesaNamasakkaM / / ' - 2 1. " dravyaguNAnAM kathaJcidbhede tathaivAbhede'pi vyapadezAdayaH santIti / " 2. samayasAra / gAthA 8 paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti / gAthA 46

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sadbhUtavyavahAranaya / 125 - jaise mleccha ko mleccha bhASA ke binA koI bAta samajhAnA azakya hai vaise hI vyavahAranaya ke binA paramArtha kA upadeza asambhava hai| ise AcArya amRtacandra ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - "jaise kisI mleccha se 'svasti' kahA jAya to isakA artha na samajha pAne ke kAraNa vaha mer3he ke samAna A~kheM phAr3akara dekhatA rahatA hai, kintu, jaba koI mlecchabhASA jAnanevAlA use samajhAtA hai ki 'svasti' zabda kA artha hai 'tumhArA kalyANa ho' taba Ananda ke A~suoM se usakI A~kheM chalachalA uThatI haiM, vaise hI azikSita logoM ke sAmane bhI jaba 'AtmA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai taba usake artha se anabhijJa hone ke kAraNa ve kucha bhI nahIM samajha pAte aura mer3he ke samAna A~kheM phAr3akara dekhate rahate haiN| kintu, jaba vyavahArapaddhati kA Azraya lekara samajhAyA jAtA hai ki "jo darzana, jJAna aura cAritrarUpa pariNamana karatA hai use AtmA kahate haiM taba ve turanta samajha jAte haiN| isa prakAra azikSita loga mleccha ke samAna haiM aura vyavahAranaya mlecchabhASA ke smaan| ata: jaise mlecchabhASA ke dvArA yathArtha bAta hI samajhAyI jAtI hai, vaise hI vyavahAranaya ke dvArA bhI yathArtha kA hI pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai| isalie paramArtha kA pratipAdaka hone se vyavahAranaya se upadeza denA caahie| kintu, jaise brAhmaNa ke sAtha mlecchabhASA kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka nahIM hotA vaise hI jJAniyoM ke sAtha bhI vyavahAranayAtmaka bhASA kA vyavahAra anAvazyaka hai| yadyapi jisa dRSTi se nizcayanaya paramArtha ( bhUtArtha ) hai, usa apekSA se vyavahAranaya paramArtha nahIM hai, tathApi usase paramArtha kA hI pratipAdana hotA hai, arthAt vyavahAra-nayAtmaka kathana se nizcayanaya kA hI viSaya lakSaNAzakti se lakSita hotA hai| isa tathya kI ora saMketa AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM kiyA hai jise AcArya amRtacandra ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - "jo zruta se kevala zuddha AtmA ko jAnatA hai vaha zrutakevalI hai", yaha vAkyaracanA paramArtha ( nizcayanaya se upapanna ) hai tathA "jo samasta zrutajJAna ko jAnatA hai vaha zrutakevalI hai" yaha vyavahAra hai (yaha vAkyaracanA sadbhatavyavahAranaya se upapanna hai ) / isa vyavahAranayAtmaka kathana meM AtmA ko dravyavAcaka 'AtmA' zabda se varNita na kara guNavAcaka 'zrutajJAna' zabda se varNita kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ vicAraNIya hai ki nirUpita kiyA jAnevAlA sampUrNa jJAna AtmA hai yA anAtmA ? anAtmA nahIM hai, kyoMki jo anAtmA haiM una pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravyoM kA, 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 8

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126 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jJAna ke sAtha tAdAtmya upapanna nahIM hotaa| ata: anyathA anupapanna hone se zrutajJAna AtmA hI hai yaha nizcita hotA hai| yaha nizcaya hone para ukta vyavahAranayAtmaka vAkya se yahI artha nikalatA hai ki "jo AtmA ko jAnatA hai vaha zrutakevalI hai' aura yaha artha, paramArtha hI hai| isa prakAra jJAna aura jJAnI ko bhinna padArthoM kI taraha varNita karanevAle vyavahAranaya se paramArthamAtra kA hI pratipAdana hotA haiM, anya artha kA nhiiN|" isake atirikta vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| udAharaNArtha, AtmA meM darzanajJAnAdi guNarUpa aneka dharma haiN| ina guNoM ke matijJAnAdi evaM Atmadravya ke manuSyatvAdi paryAyarUpa aneka dharma haiM tathA karttAkarmatvAdi kArakarUpa evaM astitva, vastutva, prameyatvAdi svabhAvarUpa anekadharma haiN| ziSyoM ko ina anantadharmoM kA bodha inakA nAma lekara batalAne se hI hotA hai| aura nAma lene kA artha hai saMjJAdibheda ke dvArA AtmA se inakI bhinnatA darzAnA jo sadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA kArya hai| isa taraha vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA kA bodha karAnA bhI sadbhUtavyavahAranaya dvArA hI sambhava hai| dharmoM ke bodha se hI dharmI kA bodha hotA hai jisase dharmI ke astitva kI pratIti hotI hai tathA eka vastu se dUsarI vastu kI bhinnatA kA jJAna hotA hai evaM vastu samasta saMkaradoSoM se rahita anubhava meM AtI hai| ina samasta paramArthoM kA pratipAdana sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se hI ho sakatA hai| nizcayanaya to dharmarUpa bhedoM se dRSTi haTAkara dharmI para hI dRSTi DAlatA hai jisase na to dharma kA bodha hotA hai, na dharma ke dvArA dharmI ke svarUpa kA, na anantadharmAtmakatA kaa| ata: siddha hai ki sadbhatavyavahAranaya ke binA paramArtha kA pratipAdana asambhava hai| "yaH zrutena kevalaM zuddhAtmAnaM jAnAti sa zrutakevalIti tAvat paramArtho, yaH zrutajJAnaM sarvaM jAnAti sa zrutakevalIti vyvhaarH| tadatra sarvameva tAvat jJAnaM nirUpyamANaM kimAtmA kimanAtmA ? na tAvadanAtmA samastasyApyanAtmanazcetanetarapadArthapaJcatayasya jnyaantaadaatmyaanupptteH| tato gatyantarAbhAvAt, jJAnamAtmetyAyAtyataH zrutajJAnamapyAtmaiva syaat| evaM sati ya AtmAnaM jAnAti sa zrutakevalItyAyAti sa tu paramArtha ev| evaM jJAnajJAninau bhedena vyapadizatA vyavahAreNApi paramArthamAtrameva pratipAdyate na kiJcidapya tiriktm|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 9-10 2. paJcAdhyAyI/prathama adhyAya/zloka 524, 527-528

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SaSTha adhyAya vyavahAranaya ke bheda ( ka ) asaddhRtavyavahAranaya ke bheda pUrva meM asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke tIna bhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai : upAdhimUlaka, bAhyasambandhamUlaka aura upcaarmuulk| inameM upAdhimUlaka ke bhI do bheda ho jAte haiM : dravyaparyAyAvalambI aura bhAvaparyAyAvalambI, kyoMki karmoM ke udayAdi ke nimitta se jIva kI dvividha paryAyeM hotI haiM, jinheM dravyaparyAya aura bhAvaparyAya kahate haiN| manuSya, deva, tiryaJca aura nAraka, paryAyeM pudgalapariNAmabhUta manuSyAdi zarIroM ke saMzleSa se utpanna hotI haiM, isaliye dravyaparyAyeM haiN|' inameM jIva ke pradeza zarIrapramANa ho jAte haiM, kintu vaha zarIra ke rUpa meM pariNamita nahIM hotA, isaliye manuSyAdi zarIra paudgalika hone se jIva se anya haiM, jIva nahIM haiN|' tathA karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSayopazama evaM kSaya ke nimitta se jIva moharAgAdirUpa, zuddhopayogarUpa, kevalajJAnAdirUpa evaM siddhatvarUpa pariNamita hotA hai| ye jIva ke hI pariNAma arthAt caitanyapariNAma hone se jIvarUpa hI haiM, jIva se anya nhiiN| isalie ye jIva kI bhAvaparyAyeM haiN| isa prakAra bhAvaparyAyeM jIvarUpa haiM aura dravyaparyAyeM, pudglruup| isa bheda ko darzAne ke lie upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke do bheda karanA Avazyaka hai| jo bheda manaSyAdi dravyaparyAyoM kA avalambana kara jIva kA manuSyAdirUpa se nirNaya karatA hai, use dravyaparyAyAvalambI upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai tathA jo moharAgAdi yA zuddhopayogAdi bhAvaparyAyoM kI dizA se avalokana kara jIva kA moharAgAdimayarUpa meM athavA zuddhApayogAdimayarUpa meM nizcaya karatA hai use bhAvaparyAyAvalambI upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya nAma se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. (ka) "tatrAnekadravyAtmakaikyapratipattinibandhano drvypryaayH| "" asamAnajAtIyo nAma yathA jIvapudgalAtmako devo manuSya ityaadi|" pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 2/1 (kha) "jIvasya bhavAntaragatasya zarIranokarmapudgalena saha manuSyadevAdiparyAyotpatti: cetanajIvasyAcetanapudgaladravyeNa saha melApakAd asamAnajAtIyaH dravyaparyAyo __ bhnnyte|" paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 16 2. "nizcayanayena teSu sparzanAdIndriyANi, pRthivyAdayazca kAyAH jIvalakSaNabhUtacaitanya svabhAvAbhAvAna jIvA bhvnti|" vahI/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 121

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128 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana bhAvaparyAyAvalambI ke azuddhanizcayAdi bheda yataH bhAvaparyAyAvalambI upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya aupAdhika caitanyapariNAma kA avalambana kara jIva ke svarUpa kA parAmarza karatA hai, isalie jIva ke svakIya bhAva kA jIvarUpa se nizcAyaka hone ke kAraNa use azuddhanizcayanayAdi nAma diye gae haiN| nizcaya zabda vastu ke svakIya bhAva meM hI vastu ke astitva kA nizcaya kiye jAne kA sUcaka hai| bhAvaparyAyAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranaya yahI karatA hai, isalie usakI azuddhanizcayAdi saMjJAe~ yuktisaMgata haiN| ye saMjJAe~ tIna haiM : azuddhanizcayanaya, ekadezazuddhanizcayanaya tathA shuddhnishcnyny| ye jIva kI trividha aupAdhika avasthAoM para Azrita haiM jinheM kramaza: azuddhopAdAna, ekadezazuddhopAdAna evaM zuddhopAdAna nAma diye gae haiN| kevalajJAna kI utpatti se pUrva jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM se AvRta hone ke kAraNa jIva sAmAnyata: azuddha ( saMsArI yA chadmastha ) hotA hai| yaha usakI azuddhopAdAnaavasthA hai| isIlie azuddhopAdAnAvalambI azuddhanizcayanaya se matijJAnAdi ko jIva kahanA saMgata hotA hai| vaha samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke pUrva darzanamohanIya aura cAritramohanIya ke udaya se bhI azuddha hotA hai| isalie azuddhanizcayanaya se rAgAdibhAvoM kA jIvasvabhAva honA bhI ghaTita hotA hai| samyagdRSTi guNasthAna se lekara 1. (ka) "nanu varNAdayo bahiraGgAstatra vyavahAreNa kSIranIravat saMzleSasambandho bhavatu na cAbhyantarANAM rAgAdInAM tatrAzuddhanizcayena bhvitvymiti| naivaM dravyakarmabandhApekSayA yo'sau'sadbhUtavyavahArastadapekSayA tAratamyajJApanArthaM rAgAdInAmazuddhanizcayo bhnnyte| vastutastu zuddhanizcayApekSayA punarazuddhanizcayo'pi vyavahAra eveti|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 57 (kha) "mithyAdRSTerjIvasya pudgaladravyaparyAyarUpANAmAsravabandhapuNyapApapadArthAnAM kartRtvamanupacaritAsadbhUtavyavahAreNa, jIvabhAvaparyAyANAM punrshuddhnishcynyeneti|" bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 27 2. (ka) "chadma jJAnadRgAvaraNe, tatra tiSThantIti chdmsthaaH|" dhavalA, 1/1,1,19 (kha) "saMsaranti anena ghAtikarmakalApena catasRSugatiSviti ghAtikarmakalApa: sNsaarH| tasmin tiSThantIti saMsArasthA: chdmsthaaH|" vahI, 13/5,4,17 / / (ga) "mithyAdRSTyAdikSINakaSAyaparyantamuparyupari mandatvAt tAratamyena tAvadazuddhanizcayo vrtte| tasya madhye punarguNasthAnabhedena zubhAzubhazuddhAnuSThAnarUpayogatrayavyApAra stisstthti|" bRhadrvya saMgraha/brahmadeva/gAthA 34 3. "sopAdhikaviSayo'zuddhanizcayo yathA matijJAnAdayo jIva iti|" AlApapaddhati/sUtra, 219 4. "azuddhanizcayena rAgAdayo'pi svabhAvA bhnnynte|" paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 61

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vyavahAranaya ke bheda / 129 pramattasaMyata guNasthAnaparyanta jJAnAvaraNAdikarmoM ke udaya ke sAtha cAritramohanIya kI zuddhepayogarodhaka karmaprakRtiyoM ke udaya se bhI azuddha hotA hai| isalie ina guNasthAnoM kI apekSA azuddhanizcayanaya se jIva pradhAnatayA zubhabhAva kA tathA gauNataH azubhabhAva kA karttA bhI siddha hotA hai| apramattasaMyata guNasthAna se lekara kSINakaSAyaguNasthAna paryanta, yadyapi jJAnAvaraNAdi ke udaya se vaha azuddha hotA hai aura kevalajJAnaparyAya ke samAna zuddha nahIM hotA, tathApi zuddhopayogarodhaka kaSAyoM ke upazama yA kSayopazama yA kSaya se usameM AMzika zuddhatA A jAtI hai|' yaha jIva kI ekadezazuddhopAdAna avasthA hai| ataH ekadezazuddhopAdAnAvalambI ekadezazuddhanizcayanaya se vicAra karane para AtmA saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSarUpa bhAvaparyAyoM kA karttA ThaharatA hai' athavA usakA zuddhopayogI honA ghaTita hotA hai| tathA kevalajJAnaparyAya meM sthita jIva ghAtikarmacatuSTaya ke kSaya se aura siddhaparyAyastha jIva AThoM karmoM ke kSaya se pUrNa zuddha hotA hai, jo jIva kI zuddhopAdAna - avasthA hai| isa zuddhopAdAna kI dizA se vicAra karanevAle zuddhanizcayanaya ( kSINopAdhimUlaka nizcayanaya ) se kevalajJAnAdi ko jIva saMjJA denA saMgata hotA hai| jIva kI ye azuddhopAdAnAdirUpa tInoM avasthAe~ bhAvaparyAyAvalambI upAdhimUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya haiM, ataH isa naya ke azuddhanizcayanayAdi tInoM upanAma sArthaka haiN| aba prazna hai ki isa naya ko azuddhanizcayAdi saMjJAe~ dene kI AvazyakatA kyoM par3I ? uttara yaha hai ki asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA mukhya lakSaNa bhinnavastusambandha kA prakAzana karanA hai, jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - "bhinnvstusmbndhvissyo'sdbhuutvyvhaarH|" isalie jaise asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se jIva ko pudgala karmoM kA karttA kahane para pudgalakarmoM kA jIva se bhinna honA sUcita hotA hai, vaise hI asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se rAgAdibhAvoM kA karttA kahane para ve bhI pudgalakarmoM ke 1. " azuddhanizcayamadhye mithyAdRSTyAdiguNasthAneSUpayogatrayaM vyAkhyAtaM tatrAzuddhanizcaye zuddhopayogaH kathaM ghaTata iti cet tatrottaraM dIyate zuddhopayoge zuddhabuddhaikasvabhAvo nijAtmA dhyeyastiSThati tena kAraNena zuddhadhyeyatvAcchuddhAvalambanatvAcchuddhAtmasvarUpasAdhakatvAcca zuddhopayogo ghaTate / sa ca saMvarazabdavAcyaH zuddhopayogaH saMsArakAraNabhUtamithyAtvarAgAdyazuddhaparyAyavadazuddho na bhavati tathaiva phalabhUtakevalajJAnalakSaNazuddhaparyAyavat zuddho'pi na bhavati kintu tAbhyAmazuddhazuddhaparyAyAbhyAM vilakSaNaM zuddhAtmAnubhUtirUpanizcayaratnatrayAtmakaM mokSakAraNamekadezavyaktirUpamekadezanirAvaraNaM ca tRtIyamavasthAntaraM bhnnyte|" bRhaddravyasaMgraha / brahmadevaTIkA / gAthA 34 - 2 . vahI/gAthA 27 3. "zuddhanizcayo yathA kevalajJAnAdayo jIva iti / " AlApapaddhati / sUtra 218

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130 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana samAna jIva se bhinna tthhreNge| kintu, ve azuddha jIva ke pariNAma haiM, cidvivarta ( azuddhacaitanyapariNAma ) haiM, ata eva azuddhajIvarUpa hI haiM, pudgalakarma ke samAna pudgalarUpa nhiiN| isI bheda kI turanta pratIti karAne ke lie bhAvaparyAyAvalambI asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko azuddhanizcayanaya Adi nAma diye gae haiM aura jIva ko azuddhanizcayanaya se rAgAdibhAvoM kA karttA kahA gayA hai| kintu nirupAdhika (mUla) padArthAvalambI nizcayanaya se jIva meM ina aupAdhika bhAvoM kA astitva siddha nahIM hotA, vaha mAtra zuddhacaitanyasvarUpa ThaharatA hai, ata: isa naya kI apekSA rAgAdibhAva parabhAva arthAta pudgala ke bhAva haiN| isa kAraNa rAgAdibhAvoM ko jIva kA bhAva pratipAdita karanevAlA azuddhanizcayanaya nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se asadbhUtavyavahAranaya hI hai| isa tathya kI ora AcArya jayasena ne samayasAra kI vRtti meM bAra-bAra dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| azuddhanizcayanaya ke asadbhUtavyavahAranaya hone kI puSTi isa bAta se bhI hotI hai ki jahA~ AcArya devasena ne matijJAnAdi ko azuddhanizcayanaya se jIva saMjJA dI hai, vahIM nemicandrAcArya ne unheM vyavahAranaya ( asadbhUta ) se jIva kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| azuddhanizcayanaya ke samAna ekadezazuddhanizcayanaya tathA zuddhanizcayanaya ( karmakSayopAdhimUlaka nizcayanaya ) bhI asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke hI nAmAntara haiN| zrI mAilla dhavala ne isa tathya kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa karane ke liye ina ( ekadeza zuddha evaM zuddhanizcaya ) nayoM ke viSayabhUta aupazamika, kSAyopazamika evaM kSAyika bhAvoM ko asadbhUta kahA hai jinameM zuddhopayoga, kevalajJAnAdi tathA siddhatva paryAyeM sammilita haiN| yahA~ isa tathya ko hRdayaMgama kara lenA cAhiye ki jinendradeva ne vyavahAranaya 1. "bhAvakarmANi caitanyavivarttAtmAni bhAnti nuH|" AptaparIkSA/kArikA 114 2. samayasAra/gAthA 50-55 3. "yathA dravyakarmaNAM vyavahAreNa kartRtvaM tathA rAgAdibhAvakarmaNAM ca dvayordravyabhAvakarmaNo rekatvaM praapnotiiti| naivaM, rAgAdibhAvakarmaNAM yo'sau vyavahArastasyAzuddhanizcayasaMjJA bhavati dravyakarmaNAM bhAvakarmabhiH saha taartmyjnyaapnaarthm| kathaM tAratamyamiti cet| dravyakarmANyacetanAni bhAvakarmANi ca cetanAni, tathApi zuddhanizcayApekSayA acetnaanyev| yata: kAraNadazuddhanizcayo'pi zuddhanizcayApekSayA vyavahAra ev| ayamatra bhAvArthaH -dravyakarmaNAM kartRtvaM bhoktRtvaM cAnupacaritAsadbhUtavyavahAreNa rAgAdibhAvakarmaNAM caashuddhnishcyen| sa ca zuddhanizcayApekSayA vyavahAra eveti|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 113-115 4. bRhadravyasaMgraha/gAthA 6 5. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra/gAthA 292

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vyavahAranaya ke bheda / 131 ( asadbhUta ) ko hI jIva aura zarIra tathA jIva aura rAgAdi ke kathaMcit abheda ko darzAnevAlA kahA hai| isaliye yadi asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke uparyukta ( dravyaparyAyAvalambI aura bhAvaparyAyAvalambI ) bhedoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAya to dravyaparyAya aura bhAvaparyAya meM athavA dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma meM abhedabuddhi kA prasaMga nahIM aaegaa| aba ina tIna nayoM ke Azraya se AcAryoM ne jo nirUpaNa kiye haiM unake kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM - azuddhanizcayanayAtmaka nirUpaNa AcArya kundakunda ne jIva ko karmopAdhijanita moharAgadveSAdi bhAvoM kA nizcayanaya se kartA-bhoktA kahA hai - kammajabhAveNAdA kattA bhottA du nnicchydo|' yahA~ 'nizcaya' zabda se 'azuddhanizcaya' iSTa hai, jaisA ki vRttikAra zrI padmaprabhamaladhArideva kI vyAkhyA se jJAta hotA hai - "AtmA hi azuddhanizcayanayena sakalamoharAgadveSAdibhAvakarmaNAM kartA bhoktA c| 3 bRhadrvyasaMgraha ke TIkAkAra brahmadeva ne AThavIM gAthA ke 'Nicchayado cedaNakammANAdA' aMza kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki jIva kA rAgAdi vikalparUpa cetanakarmoM kA kartA honA azuddhanizcayanaya se ghaTita hotA hai| unhoMne 'azuddhanizcaya' zabda kA artha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM - 'azuddha' zabda rAgAdi ke karmopAdhijanya hone kA sUcaka hai tathA 'nizcaya' zabda sopAdhika avasthA meM AtmA ke tanmaya ( rAgAdimaya ) hone kaa| donoM ke mela se 'azuddhanizcaya' zabda niSpanna huA hai| ___ bhagavatkundakundadeva ne 'rAgo doso moho jIvasseva aNaNNapariNAmA" isa gAthAMza meM bhI azuddhanizcayanaya se upapanna hone ke kAraNa hI rAga, dveSa aura moha 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 46 2. niyamasAra/gAthA 18 3. vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 18 4. "bhAvakarmazabdavAcyarAgAdivikalparUpacetanakarmaNAmazuddhanizcayena kartA bhvti| azuddha nizcayasyArthaH kathyate karmopAdhisamutpannatvAd azuddhaH, tatkAle taptAya:piNDavat tanmayatvAcca nishcyH| ityubhayamelApakenAzuddhanizcayo bhnnyte|" bRhadrvya saMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 8 5. samayasAra/gAthA 371

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132 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ko jIva kA svakIya pariNAma batalAyA hai aura azuddhanizcayanaya ke abhiprAya se hI unhoMne yaha kahA hai ki AtmA jisa zubha-azubha bhAva ko karatA hai usakA hI vaha kartA hotA hai aura usI kA bhoktA, kyoMki nizcayanaya se to unhoMne isakA niSedha kiyA hai| AcArya jayasena kA kathana hai ki yata: azuddha ( karmopAdhiyukta ) jIva rAgAdirUpa se pariNamita hotA hai, isaliye azuddhanizcayanaya se rAgAdi bhI jIva ke svabhAva kahalAte haiM - "karmakartRtvaprastAvAd azuddhanizcayena rAgAdayo'pi svabhAvA bhnnynte|"2 cU~ki harSaviSAdarUpa sukha-duHkha kI utpatti azuddhAvasthA meM hotI hai, isalie jIva azuddhanizcayanaya se hI unakA bhoktA siddha hotA hai -- "sa evAzuddhanizcayanayena harSaviSAdarUpaM sukhaduHkhaM ca bhungkte|"3 rAgAdi kA sadbhAva azuddhAvasthA meM hI hotA hai, isaliye jIva ke dvArA rAgAdi kA parityAga kiyA jAnA athavA bhAvakarmoM kA dahana kiyA jAnA bhI azuddhanizcayanaya se hI ghaTita hotA hai| nimnalikhita nirUpaNa isa tathya para prakAza DAlate "yazcAbhyantare rAgAdiparahiAraH sa punrshuddhnishcyeneti|" "bhAvakarmadahanaM punrshuddhnishcyen|"5 bhagavAn ke kevalajJAnAdi ananta guNoM kA smaraNarUpa bhAvanamaskAra bhI azuddhanizcayanaya se hI vAstavika siddha hotA hai, kyoMki arahantAdi ke prati bhaktipariNAma-rUpa prazastarAga azuddha jIva meM hI utpanna hotA hai, isalie zrI brahmadeva ne kahA hai - "kevalajJAnAdyanantaguNasmaraNarUpo bhAvanamaskAraH punrshuddhnishcyeneti|" ekadezazuddhanizcayAtmaka nirUpaNa ___mohanIya karma kI jina prakRtiyoM kA udaya zuddhopayoga ko rokatA hai unakA 1. jaM bhAva suhamasuhaM karodi AdA sa tassa khalu kattA / taM tassa hodi kammaM so tassa du vedago appA / / samayasAra/gAthA 102 2. paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 61 3. bRhadrvya saMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 9 4. vahI/gAthA 45 5. paramAtmaprakAza/brahmadevaTIkA/dohA 1 6. vahI/dohA 1

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vyavahAranaya ke bheda / 133 upazama, kSayopazama yA kSaya hone para AtmA ekadeza ( aMzata: ) zuddha ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM usameM zuddhapayoga kI utpatti hotI hai, jise bhAvasaMvara, bhAvanirjarA aura bhAvamokSa bhI kahate haiN| ata: ekadezazuddhanizcayanaya se dekhane para jIva zuddhopayoga athavA bhAvasaMvara Adi kA karttA siddha hotA hai| isakA nirUpaNa zrIbrahmadeva ne ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai - "samyagdRSTestu saMvaranirjarAmokSapadArthAnAM dravyarUpANAM yatkartRtvaM tadapyanupacaritAsadbhUtavyavahAreNa jIvabhAvaparyAyarUpANAM tu vivkssitaikdeshshuddhnishcyeneti|" -samyagdRSTi jIva kA dravyarUpa ( pudgalapariNAmarUpa ) saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa padArthoM kA kartRtva anupacirata ( jIvasaMzliSTa-paradravyasambandhamUlaka ) asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se ghaTita hotA hai tathA bhAvarUpa saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kA kartRtva ekadezazuddhanizcayanaya se| apramatta guNasthAna se lekara kSINakaSAya guNasthAnaparyanta jIva meM jaghanya, madhyama, aura utkRSTa mAtrA meM zuddhopayoga pAyA jAtA hai| ina paryAyoM meM sthita jIva ekadezazaddha upAdAna hotA hai, ata: jIva meM zuddhopayoga kA sadbhAva ekadezazuddhanizcayanaya se upapanna hotA hai| nimnalikhita vyAkhyAna meM yaha tathya prakAzita kiyA gayA hai - "tadanantaramapramattAdikSINakaSAyaparyantaM jaghanyamadhyamotkRSTabhedena vivakSitaikadezazuddhanayarUpazuddhopayogo vrtte|" zuddhanizcayanayAtmaka nirUpaNa mUlapadArthAvalambI athavA dravyAzrita nizcayanaya se bhinnatA darzAne ke liye ise kSINopAdhimUlaka zuddhanizcayanaya nAma denA ucita hogA, kyoMki isameM prayukta 'zuddha' vizeSaNa ghAtI karmoM ke kSaya se utpanna zuddhatA kA vAcaka hai| kevalajJAnAdibhAva isI zuddhanizcayanaya se jIva ke svabhAva ghaTita hote haiM, jaisA ki AcArya jayasena ne kahA hai - "zuddhanizcayena kevalajJAnAdizuddhabhAvA: svabhAvA bhnnynte|" dravyArthika nizcayanaya to nirupAdhika AtmA kA avalambana kara nirNaya karatA hai, ata: usakI apekSA ina aupAdhika bhAvoM kA astitva hI ghaTita nahIM hotaa| AlApapaddhatikAra ne 'kevalajJAnAdi jIva haiM', isa prakAra nirupAdhika guNa1. bRhadrvyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 27 2. vahI/gAthA 34 3. paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 61

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134 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana guNI ke abheda kA avalambana karanevAle naya ko zuddhanizcayanaya kahA hai|' yahA~ 'nirupAdhi' zabda se 'kSINopAdhi' artha abhipreta hai, kyoMki karmopAdhi kA kSaya hone para hI jIva ke kevalajJAnAdi svabhAva prakaTa hote haiM tathA muktAvasthA meM jIva kA anantajJAna, anantasukha Adi zuddhabhAvoM kA kartRtva bhI isI kSINopAdhimUlaka zuddhanizcayanaya se hI upapanna hotA hai| upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke bheda upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko AlApapaddhatikAra ne do bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - anupacarita evaM upcrit| saMsArI jIva ke sAtha zarIra aura pudgala-karma saMzliSTa hote haiN| ata: jinendradeva ne inameM aura jIva meM paraspara svasvAmitvAdi sambandhoM kA upacAra kiyA hai| isa upacAra kA avalambana kara jIva ke viSaya meM parAmarza karanevAlI dRSTi ko AlApapaddhatikAra ne anupacarita asadbhUtavyavahAranaya saMjJA dI hai| udAharaNArtha - "saMzleSasahitavastusambandhaviSayo'nupacaritAsadbhUtavyavahAro yathA jIvasya shriirmiti|" - jisa zarIrAdi paradravya kA jIva se saMzleSa hai usake sAtha jIva ke ( svasvAmitvAdi ) sambandha kA upacAra karanevAlI ( tathA kiye gae upacAra ke nimitta evaM prayojana ko dekhanevAlI ) dRSTi kA nAma anupacarita asadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai| jaise 'yaha jIva kA zarIra hai' isa kathana meM jIvasaMzliSTa zarIra aura jIva meM svasvAmisambandha kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai, ata: yaha anupacarita asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se kiye gae parAmarza kA udAharaNa hai| yadyapi yaha dRSTi upacAramUlaka hai, tathApi upacAra kA viSaya jIva se saMzliSTa padArtha hai, na ki asaMzliSTa, isaliye ise anupacarita kahA gayA hai tathA parivArajana evaM dhanasampatti jIva se asaMzliSTa hote haiM isaliye inameM aura jIva meM svasvAmitvAdi sambandhoM kA upacAra karanevAlI tathA kiye gae upacAra ke nimitta 1. "tatra nirupAdhikaguNaguNyabhedaviSayakaH zuddhanizcayo yathA kevalajJAnAdayo jIva iti|' AlApapaddhati/sUtra, 218 2. "zubhAzubhayogatrayavyApArarahitena zuddhabuddhaikasvabhAvena yadA pariNamati tadAnantajJAna__ sukhAdizuddhabhAvAnAM chadmasthAvasthAyAM bhAvanArUpeNa vivakSitaikadezazuddhanizcayena kartA, muktAvasthAyAM tu shuddhnyeneti|" bRhadrvyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 8 3. "asadbhUtavyavahAro dvividha: upcritaanupcritbhedaat|" AlApapaddhati/sUtra 226 4. vahI/sUtra 228

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vyavahAranaya ke bheda / 135 evaM prayojana ko hRdayaMgama karanevAlI dRSTi upacarita asadbhUtavyavahAranaya zabda se abhihita kI gayI hai| AcArya devasena ke nimnalikhita vacana se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai - "saMzleSarahitavastusambandhaviSaya upacaritAsadbhUtavyavahAro yathA devadattasya dhnmiti| ___- 'yaha devadatta kA dhana hai', isa prakAra jIva se asaMzliSTa vastu ke sAtha jIva ke svasvAmitvAdisambandha kA upacAra karane vAlI dRSTi upacarita asadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai| yahA~ saMzleSarahita padArtha ke sAtha pahale saMzleSasambandha kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai, tatpazcAt sva-svAmitvAdi sambandha kaa| isalie upacAra meM upacAra karane ke kAraNa isa dRSTi ko upacarita asadbhUtavyavahAranaya nAma diyA gayA hai| (kha) sadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke bheda AlApapaddhatikAra AcArya devasena ne isake bhI do bheda dikhalAye haiM : upacarita aura anupcrit|' inheM kramaza: azuddha aura zuddha bhI kahA gayA hai| sopAdhi-guNI ( dravya ) aura sopAdhi-guNa meM jo saMjJAdi kA bheda hotA hai usakA avalambana kara unheM bhinna padArthoM kI taraha vyavahRta karanevAlI dRSTi upacarita yA azuddha sadbhatavyavahAranaya kahalAtI hai| jaise jIva ke 'matijJAnAdiguNa' isa kathana meM karmopAdhiyukta azuddha jIva tathA usake matijJAnAdi azuddha guNoM meM rahanevAle saMjJAdi bheda ko lekara unheM svasvAmirUpa se bhinna padArthoM kI taraha vyavahata kiyA gayA hai, ata: yaha upacarita sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se kiye gae parAmarza kA udAharaNa hai| azuddhaparyAya aura azuddhaparyAyI ( dravya ) kA saMjJAdibheda bhI isa naya kA viSaya tathA jo dRSTi nirupAdhika guNI aura nirupAdhika guNa ke saMjJAdigata bheda kA avalambana kara unheM bhinna padArthoM kI taraha vyavahRta karatI hai use anupacarita ( zuddha ) sadbhUtavyavahAranaya nAma diyA gayA hai| jaise 'jIva ke kevalajJAnAdi gaNa' 1. AlApapaddhati/sUtra 227 2. "tatra sadbhUtavyavahAro dvividha upacaritAnupacaritabhedAt / " vahI/sUtra 223 3. "tatra sopAdhiguNaguNinorbhedaviSaya: upacaritasadbhUtavyavahAro, yathA jIvasya matijJAnAdayo gunnaaH|" vahI/sUtra 224 4. "azuddhasadbhUtavyavahAro yathA'zuddhaguNA'zuddhaguNinorazuddhaparyAyAzuddhaparyAyiNorbheda kthnm|" vahI/sUtra 83

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136 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana isa kathana meM karmopAdhimukta zuddha jIva tathA usake kevalajJAnAdi zuddha guNoM ke saMjJAdirUpa bheda kA avalambana kara unheM svasvAmirUpa se bhinna padArthoM kI taraha vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai, ata: yaha anupacarita sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se kiye gae parAmarza kA udAharaNa hai / ' zuddha paryAya aura zuddha paryAyI kA saMjJAdibheda bhI isa naya kA viSaya hai| 1. "nirupAdhiguNaguNinorbhedaviSayo'nupacaritasadbhUtavyavahAro yathA jIvasya kevalajJAnAdayo > guNA: / " vahI / sUtra 225 2. "zuddhasadbhUtavyavahAro yathA zuddhaguNazuddhaguNinoH shuddhpryaayshuddhpryaayinnorbhedkthnm|" vahI / sUtra 28

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saptama adhyAya nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA paraspara pUraka vastu anekAnta hai arthAt parasparaviruddhadharmadvayAtmaka hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya unameM se eka-eka dharma kA prakAzana karate haiM, isaliye donoM milakara hI vastu kA pUrNa svarUpa darzAne meM samartha hote haiM, ataH ve paraspara pUraka haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA bhI hai - __ "ekacakSuravalokanamekadezAvalokanaM, dvicakSuravalokanaM srvaavloknm|" -eka A~kha se dekhane para vastu kA eka pakSa dikhAI detA hai, donoM A~khoM se dekhane para sampUrNa vastu ke darzana hote haiN| paraspara avinAbhAvI nizcaya aura vyavahAra, uttara aura dakSiNa athavA dAe~ aura bAe~ ke samAna paraspara avinAbhAvI haiN| uttara ke bheda ke binA dakSiNa kA bheda sambhava nahIM hai aura dakSiNa ke bheda ke binA uttara kA bheda asambhava hai| paraspara viruddha dizAoM meM se jaba eka ko uttara nAma diyA jAtA hai, tabhI usase viruddha dizA ke liye dakSiNa saMjJA ghaTita hotI hai| isI prakAra paraspara viruddha dharmoM meM se jaba koI dharma vyavahAranaya se ghaTita hotA hai, tabhI tadviruddha dharma nizcayanaya se ghaTita hotA hai athavA jaba kisI dharma kI upapatti nizcayanaya se hotI hai, tabhI usase viruddha dharma kI upapatti vyavahAranaya se hotI hai| isalie jahA~ nizcayanaya apane viSayabhUta dharma kA mukhyata: prakAzana karatA hai, vahIM pratipakSIrUpa se sambaddha vyavahAranaya ke viSayabhUta dharma kI sattA bhI dyotita karatA hai| isI taraha vyavahAranaya apane viSayabhUta dharma ko mukhyata: vijJApita karane ke sAtha-sAtha pratipakSIrUpa se sambaddha nizcayanaya ke viSayabhata dharma kA astittva bhI maunarUpa se jJApita karatA hai| isa prakAra nizcayanaya meM vyavahAranaya ke viSaya kI svIkRti samAyI hotI hai aura vyavahAranaya meM nizcayanaya ke viSaya kii| yahI nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI paraspara sApekSatA hai| isalie jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'AtmA 1. pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA, 2/22 2. (ka) "nirapekSatvaM pratyanIkadharmasya nirAkRti:, saapeksstvmupekssaa|" AptamImAMsA-bhASya/kArikA 108 (kha) "sApekSAH parasparasambaddhAste nyaa:|" devAgamavRtti/kArikA 108

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138 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana nizcayanaya se abaddha hai' taba 'vyavahAranaya se baddha hai' yaha artha apane Apa dhvanita hotA hai, kyoMki nizcayanaya kevala nirupAdhika avasthA kI apekSA se hI abaddha hone kA nirNaya detA hai, sopAdhika avasthA kI apekSA nhiiN| sopAdhika avasthA vyavahAranaya kA viSaya hai, isaliye vyavahAranaya kI apekSA AtmA kA baddha honA nizcayanaya svIkAra karatA hai| AcArya jayasena isa viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM - "zuddhanizcayanaya se jIva akartA, abhoktA tathA krodhAdi bhAvoM se bhinna hai, aisA kathana karane para, dUsare pakSa meM vaha vyavahAra se kartA, bhoktA tathA krodhAdi bhAvoM se abhinna hai, yaha Azaya binA kahe hI phalita hotA hai| jaise 'yaha devadatta dAyIM A~kha se dekhatA hai' aisA kahane para 'bAyIM A~kha se nahIM dekhatA hai' yaha binA kahe hI siddha hotA hai, kyoMki nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya paraspara sApekSa haiN| kintu jo sAMkhya yA sadAziva mata ke anuyAyI isa prakAra parasparasApekSa nayavibhAga nahIM mAnate unake mata meM jaise zuddhanizcayanaya se AtmA akartA tathA krodhAdi se bhinna hotA hai vaise hI vyavahAranaya se bhI siddha hotA hai| isa sthiti meM AtmA kA krodhAdirUpa se pariNamita honA ghaTita nahIM hotaa| isase siddhoM ke samAna karmabandha ke abhAva kA tathA karmabandha ke abhAva meM sarvadA mukta rahane kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| kintu yaha pratyakSa ke viruddha hai, kyoMki saMsAra pratyakSa rUpa se dikhAI detA hai|' isa vyAkhyAna se nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA kA abhiprAya bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa ho jAtA hai| nirapekSA nayA mithyA: yadi nizcaya aura vyavahAra paraspara nirapekSa hoM, arthAt eka-dUsare kI apekSA 1. gaMdharasaphAsarUvA deho saMThANamAiyA je ya / savve vavahArassa ya NicchayadaNhU vavadisaMti / / samayasAra/gAthA 60 2. "kiJca zuddhanizcayanayena jIvasyAkartRtvamabhoktRtvaM ca krodhAdibhyazca bhinnatvaM ca bhavatIti vyAkhyAne kRte sati dvitIyapakSe vyavahAreNa kartRtvaM bhoktRtvaM ca krodhAdibhyazcAbhinnatvaM ca labhyata ev| kasmAt ? nizcayavyavahArayoH prsprsaapeksstvaat| kathamiti cet ? yathA dakSiNena cakSuSA pazyatyayaM devadatta:, ityukte vAmena na pshytiitynuktsiddhmiti| ye punarevaM parasparasApekSanayavibhAgaM na manyante sAGkhyasadAzivamatAnusAriNasteSAM mate yathA zaddhanizcayanayena kartA na bhavati krodhAdibhyazca bhinno bhavati tathA vyvhaarennaapi| tatazca krodhAdipariNamanAbhAve sati siddhanAmiva krmbndhaabhaavH| karmabandhAbhAve saMsArAbhAva: saMsArAbhAve sarvadA muktatvaM praapnoti| sa ca pratyakSavirodhaH, saMsArasya pratyakSeNa dRzyamAna tvaaditi|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 113-115 3. AptamImAMsA/kArikA, 108 -

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA / 139 se pratipakSI dharma ke astitva ko svIkAra na kareM, to donoM mithyA siddha hoMge, kyoMki AtmA nitya-anitya, abheda-sabheda, baddha-abaddha, zuddha-azuddha Adi rUpa se anekAntAtmaka hai, aba yadi nizcayanaya svApekSayA usake nitya, abheda, abaddha, zuddha, Adi hone kA nirNaya to kare, kintu vyavahAranaya se usakA anitya, sabheda baddha, azuddha Adi honA svIkAra na kare to AtmA ekAntAtmaka siddha hogA jo mithyA hai| isa prakAra mithyA-nirNaya kA hetu hone se nizcayanaya mithyA ho jaayegaa| isI prakAra vyavahAranaya AtmA ko svApekSayA anitya, sabheda, baddha, azuddha Adi nirNIta kare, kintu nizcayanaya kI apekSA usakA nitya, abheda, abaddha, zuddha Adi honA svIkAra na kare, to isa prakAra bhI AtmA ekAntAtmaka siddha hogaa| isa nirNaya ke bhI mithyA hone se vyavahAranaya mithyA ho jaayegaa| dUsare, parasparaviruddha dharmoM meM se eka kA niSedha hone para dUsare kA bhI niSedha ho jAtA hai, jisase dharma ke abhAva meM dharmI ( vastu ) ke hI lopa kA prasaMga AtA hai| isake atirikta pratipakSI naya ke viSaya kA abhAva hone para usa naya kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai aura eka naya ke abhAva meM dUsare kA bhI astitva nahIM rhtaa| AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai - ya eva nitya-kSaNikAdayoM nayA mitho'napekSAH svaparapraNAzinaH / ta eva tattvaM vimalasya te muneH parasparekSAH svaparopakAriNaH / / - jo nityatva-anityatva Adi dharmoM kA pratipAdana karanevAle paraspara pratipakSI naya haiM, ve eka-dUsare se nirapekSa hone para eka-dUsare ke astitva ko mithyA siddha karate haiM, kintu paraspara sApekSa hone para apane ko bhI satya siddha karate haiM, aura dUsare ko bhii| eka-dUsare ko svIkAra karake ve sarvathAtva ke doSa se mukta ho jAte haiM aura apane ko samIcIna banAkara apane astitva kI rakSA kara lete haiM - "sarvatheti praduSyanti puSyanti syAditIha te|" samayasAra ke suprasiddha hindI vyAkhyAkAra paMDita jayacanda jI likhate haiM ki zuddhanaya ( nizcayanaya ) ko satyArtha ( bhUtArtha ) kahA gayA hai, isase aisA nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki azuddhanaya ( vyavahAranaya ) sarvathA asatyArtha hai| aisA mAnane 1. anekamekaM ca tadeva tattvaM bhedAnvayajJAnamidaM hi satyam / mRSopacAro'nyatarasya lope taccheSalopo'pi tato'nupAkhyam / / svayambhUstotra/zloka 22 2. vahI/zloka 61 3. vahI/zloka 104

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140 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana se vedAntamata kI taraha saMsAra sarvathA avastu ThaharegA, jisase ekAntapakSa A jAne se mithyAtva kA prasaMga aaegaa| isa sthiti meM zuddhanaya kA avalambana bhI mithyA siddha hogaa| ata: sabhI nayoM kI kathaMcit satyArthatA kA zraddhAna karane se hI jIva samyagdRSTi hotA hai| parasparasApekSa naya hI ajJAnanivAraka paraspara sApekSa hone para hI nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya pramANa ke avayava banakara vastu ke anekAnta svarUpa ko prakAzita karane meM samartha hote haiM aura ajJAna kA nivAraNa karate haiN| AcArya padmaprabhamaladhArideva ne kahA hai - bhAgavataM zAstramidaM ye khalu nizcayavyavahAranayayoravirodhena jAnanti te khalu mahAntaH samastAdhyAtmazAstravedina: zAzvatasukhasya bhoktAro bhvnti|"2 - jo isa bhagavatpraNIta zAstra kA nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke samanvaya se anuzIlana karate haiM, ve mahApuruSa hI samasta adhyAtmazAstra ke marma ko grahaNa karane meM samartha hote haiM aura zAzvata sukha ke bhoktA banate haiN| parasparasApekSa nizcayavyavahAra nayoM ke dvArA upalabdha jJAna se hI mithyAtva kA vinAza hotA hai| AcArya amRtacandra kA kathana hai - "yo hi nAma svaviSayamAtrapravRttAzuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmakavyavahAranayAvirodhamadhyastha: zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmakanizcayanayApahastitamoha: san . zuddhAtmA syaat|" - jo kevala apane viSaya taka sImita rahane vAle azuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmaka vyavahAranaya kA niSedha na karate hue zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmaka nizcayanaya se moha kA vinAza karatA hai ." vahI zuddhAtmA banatA hai| bhaTTAraka devasena ne bhI upadeza diyA hai - "mohanirAsArthaM nizcayavyavahArAbhyAmAliGgitaM kRtvA vastusvarUpaM nirnneym|"" arthAt mithyAtva kA vinAza karane ke liye nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM ke dvArA vasturUpa kA nirNaya karanA caahiye| vartamAna yuga ke suprasiddha AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kahate haiM -- "jaise nadI ke kinAre paraspara pratikUla hokara bhI nadI ke liye anukUla haiM, donoM meM hI nadI kA svarUpa vidyamAna hai, vaise hI nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya eka-dUsare ke pratikUla 1. samayasAra/bhAvArtha/gAthA 14 / / 2. niyamasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 187 3. pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 2/99 / 4. zrutabhavanadIpakanayacakra 53

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA / 141 hote hue bhI pramANa ke liye anukUla haiN| donoM milakara hI vastu ke pUrNasvarUpa kA saMketa karate haiN| "" kisI eka naya ke kathana ko grahaNa karane tathA dUsare naya ke kathana kA niSedha karane se dRSTi meM mithyAtva AtA hai / nizcaya ko hI ekAntarUpa se grahaNa karane vAloM ke viSaya meM paMDita ToDaramala jI kahate haiN| -- "jinavANI meM to vibhinna nayoM kI apekSA vastutattva kA bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, kintu ekAntanizcayAvalambI ekamAtra nizcayanayAtmaka kathana ko grahaNa kara mithyAdRSTi banate haiM / 2 ve Age likhate haiM "nizcaya kA nizcayarUpa aura vyavahAra kA vyavahArarUpa zraddhAna karanA yogya hai| eka hI naya kA zraddhAna karane se ekAnta mithyAtva hotA hai / " samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki " vyavahAranaya abhUtArtha hai aura nizcayanaya bhUtArtha / bhUtArtha kA Azraya lene vAlA jIva hI samyagdRSTi hotA hai| * isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki vyavahAranirapekSa nizcayanaya kA Azraya lene se jIva samyagdRSTi hotA hai, kyoMki vyavahAranirapekSa nizcayanaya to mithyA naya hai, mithyA naya kA Azraya lenevAlA samyagdRSTi kaise ho sakatA hai ? ata: isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki paramArtha ko hI paramArthabuddhi se grahaNa karanevAlA jIva samyagdRSTi hotA hai, vyavahAra ko paramArthabuddhi se grahaNa karanevAlA nhiiN| " kintu, cU~ki nizcayanaya vyavahAranaya - sApekSa hai, ataH vyavahAranaya ke viSayabhUta dharma ko vyavahAranaya se satya svIkAra kiye binA jIva paramArtha ko paramArthabuddhi se grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| isaliye jo paramArtha ko paramArtha buddhi se grahaNa karatA hai vaha vyavahAra ke viSaya ko vyavahAranaya kI apekSA satya svIkAra karatA hI hai - yaha abhiprAya ukta tAtparya se svayameva dhvanita hotA - -- 1. 'sAgara meM vidyAsAgara smArikA', pR0 51 2. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / saptama adhikAra / pR0 198 3. vahI / saptama adhikAra / pR0 250 4. vavahAro'bhUyatyo bhUyattho desido du suddhaNao / 5. bhUyatthamassido khalu sammAiTThI havai jIvo / / samayasAra /gAthA 11 "tato ye vyavahArameva paramArthabuddhyA cetayante te samayasArameva na cetayante / ya eva paramArthaM paramArthabuddhyA cetayante ta eva samayasAraM cetayante / " vahI / AtmakhyAti / gAthA 414

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142 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana samyagdarzana kI prApti mithyAbuddhiyoM ke vinAza se hotI hai| mithyAbuddhiyoM kA vinAza na kevala nizcayanaya ke avalambana se hotA hai, na kevala vyavahAranaya ke, apitu parasparasApekSa donoM nayoM ke avalambana se hotA hai| nizcayanaya ke dvArA zarIrAdi meM AtmAdibuddhi kA vinAza... nizcayanaya ke avalambana se paramArthabhUta ( niyatasvalakSaNasiddha ) AtmA tathA paramArtha-mokSamArga kA bodha hotA hai| isase jIva kI jo anAdikAla se apane ko deharUpa yA moharAgAdirUpa samajhane tathA paradravyoM ko sukha kA hetu evaM apanA mAnane kI mithyAbuddhi hai, vaha naSTa ho jAtI hai aura vaha svayaM ko anantajJAnAdi zaktiyoM se sampanna zuddhacaitanyasvarUpa anubhava karatA hai| use yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki moharAgAdi bhAva usake svAbhAvika bhAva nahIM haiM, apitu karmopAdhijanya haiM tathA zarIra cetanaAtmA se bhinna jar3atattva hai| usakA saMyoga karmavaza huA hai| sAMsArika vastue~ na sukhamaya haiM, na duHkhmy| ekamAtra svAtmA hI Ananda kA srota hai, kyoMki Ananda usakA svabhAva hai| vaha anubhava karatA hai ki maiM mohakarmajanita ajJAnavaza svAtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi se vaMcita hokara saMsArabhramaNa kara rahA huuN| isase mukta hone para hI nijasvarUpa evaM zAzvata sukha kI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai| mukta hone kI zakti mujhameM hI hai| merA svabhAva hI mokSa kA mArga hai, ata: vahI upAdeya hai| isa pratIti ko samyagdarzana kahate haiN| isI prakAra jo kevala zubhapravRttiyoM ko hI mokSa kA mArga samajhate haiM unakA bhrama bhI dUra ho jAtA hai| nizcayanaya dvArA unheM mokSa kA paramArtha mArga jJAta ho jAne para ve Atma-svabhAva ko hI vAstavika mokSamArga samajhane lagate haiN| isa prakAra nizcayanaya ke avalambana se vyavahAra ko paramArtha samajhane kI mithyAbuddhi naSTa ho jAtI hai aura jIva paramArtha ko hI paramArtha buddhi se grahaNa karatA hai| vyavahAranaya ke dvArA sarvathA zuddhatva kI mithyAbuddhi kA vinAza vyavahAranaya ke dvArA jIva ko svayaM kI saMsAraparyAya kA jJAna hotA hai| isase jo ekAntanizcaya kA avalambana kara svayaM ko sarvathA zuddha samajhane lagate haiM unakI mithyAbuddhi vinaSTa ho jAtI hai| mokSamArga meM pravRtta hone ke liye apanI saMsAraparyAya kA jJAna aura usameM vizvAsa atyanta Avazyaka hai| isake binA jIva apane ko bandhana meM ba~dhA huA anubhava hI nahIM karegA, to mokSa ke liye prayatna kaise karegA ? isIliye AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai - "rAga-dveSa-moha se jIva kA jo paramArthata: bheda hai, kevala use hI darzAyA jAya aura jIva kevala use hI satya mAne to mokSa-mArga apanAne kI AvazyakatA hI siddha na hogI, jisase jIva

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA / 143 kabhI mukti kA prayatna na kregaa|"" AcArya jayasena kA kathana hai -- "jaba jIva ko yaha jJAna hotA hai ki AtmA rAgAdi kA kartA hai, rAgAdi bhAva hI bandha ke kAraNa haiM, taba vaha rAgadveSAdi vikalpajAla tyAgakara unake vinAza hetu nija zuddhAtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai| isase rAgAdi kA vinAza hotA hai aura AtmA zuddha ho jAtA hai| __AtmA kA deha ke sAtha jo vilakSaNa saMzleSarUpa abheda hai tathA dhanasampatti, pati-patnI, putra-putryAdi ke sAtha laukika sva-svAmisambandha hai inakA jJAna bhI vyavahAranaya ke dvArA hotA hai| yaha jJAna bhI mokSa ke liye atyanta Avazyaka hai| AtmA aura zarIra ke kathaMcit abheda kI anubhUti na ho to jIvoM ke zarIra kA ghAta karane se hiMsA ghaTita nahIM hogii| usase karmabandha ke abhAva kA prasaMga AegA aura karmabandha ke abhAva meM mokSa kI AvazyakatA siddha na hogii| aisA hone para jIva mokSamArga meM pravRtta na hogA, jisase usakA mukta honA asambhava ho jaaegaa| isa tathya kA nirUpaNa AcArya amRtacandra ne samayasAra kI 46vI gAthA kI TIkA meM kiyA hai, jisakA vivaraNa pUrva meM diyA jA cukA hai| isI prakAra dhana-sampatti evaM kuTumbIjanoM ke sAtha jIva kA jo laukika sva-svAmisambandha hai, use mAnyatA na dI jAya, to adattAdAnarUpa corI, parastrI-parapuruSa-gamanarUpa abrahma tathA bAhyavastusaMgraharUpa parigraha ke pApa ghaTita nahIM hoNge| taba bhI uparyukta prakAra se mokSa asambhava ho jaaegaa| sAra yaha hai ki vyavahAranaya saMsAraparyAya ko dRSTi meM lAkara jIva kI svayaM ko sarvathA zuddha samajhane kI mithyAbuddhi naSTa karatA hai aura paryAya kI apekSA azuddha hone kI pratIti karAtA hai, jisase vaha mokSa kI ora unmukha hotA hai| samyagdarzana ke lie saMsAraparyAya ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA batalAte hue paMDita ToDaramala jI likhate haiM - ___ "paryAya kI apekSA svayaM ko zuddha mAnane se mahAviparItatA hotI hai| isaliye apane ko dravyaparyAyarUpa avalokana karanA cAhiye, paryAya kI dRSTi se avasthAvizeSarUpa samajhanA caahiye| isI rUpa meM cintana karane se jIva samyagdRSTi hotA hai, kyoMki saccA avalokana kiye binA samyagdRSTi saMjJA kaise prApta ho sakatI hai?"3 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 46 2. "rAgAdInevAtmA karoti na ca dravyakarma, rAgAdaya eva bandhakAraNamiti yadA jAnAti jIvastadA rAgadveSAdivikalpajAlatyAgena rAgAdivinAzArthaM nijazuddhAtmAnaM bhaavyti| tatazca rAgAdivinAzo bhvti| rAgAdivinAze cAtmA zuddho bhvti|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti 2/97 3. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/saptama adhikAra/pR0 200

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144 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana isake atirikta vyavahAranaya ke dvArA nizcayamokSamArga ke sAdhaka vyavahAramokSamArga kA bhI jJAna hotA hai, jisase pratyeka bhUmikA meM nizcayamokSamArga ko hI AzrayaNIya mAnane kI mithyAbuddhi dUra hotI hai aura prAthamika bhUmikA meM vyavahAramokSamArga kA avalambana kara jIva apane ko nizcayamokSamArga ke avalambanayogya banAtA hai| isa prakAra nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM naya AtmA ke zuddha - azuddha rUpoM kA bodha karAkara mithyAbuddhiyoM kA vinAza karate haiN| ataH samyagdarzana kI utpatti donoM para Azrita hai| isIliye eka prAcIna gAthA meM kahA gayA hai jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / - yadi jinamata kA pravartana cAhate ho to vyavahAra aura nizcaya meM se kisI ko bhI mata chor3o, kyoMki nizcaya ke binA paramArthabhUta AtmA kA bodha na ho sakegA aura vyavahAra ke binA tIrtha pravRtti sambhava na hogI / - isa prakAra parasparasApekSa nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke avalambana se hI mithyAtva kA vinAza aura mokSamArga meM pravRtti sambhava hotI hai| nizcayanaya ke avalambana se vyavahAra - vimUr3hatA kA vinAza hotA hai aura vyavahAranaya ke avalambana se nizcayavimUr3hatA kA / sAdhyasAdhakarUpa se bhI parasparasApekSa nizcayanaya dvArA pratipAdita zuddhopayogarUpa mokSamArga ke avalambana kI sAmarthya vyavahAranaya dvArA pratipAdita zubhopayogarUpa mokSamArga ke avalambana se AtI hai / ataH donoM meM sAdhyasAdhaka bhAva hai / isa dRSTi se bhI nizcaya aura vyavahAra paraspara sApekSa haiN| nizcaya - mokSamArga svayaM kI siddhi ke liye sAdhakarUpa se vyavahAra- mokSamArga kI apekSA rakhatA hai aura vyavahAra- mokSamArga apanI upayogitA siddha karane ke liye sAdhyarUpa se nizcaya- mokSamArga kI AkAMkSA rakhatA hai| isa para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya jayasena likhate haiM - "isa prakAra vItarAgatva ko hI isa prAbhRtazAstra kA tAtparya samajhanA cAhie / vaha vItarAgatva mokSasiddhi meM tabhI samartha hotA hai, jaba nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kA sAdhyasAdhakarUpa meM parasparasApekSabhAva se avalambana kiyA jAtA hai, parasparanirapekSabhAva se avalambana karane para nahIM / udAharaNArtha, jo loga vizuddhajJAnadarzanasvabhAva zuddhAtmatattva ke samyak zraddhAna, jJAna aura anuSThAnarUpa nizcayamokSamArga ko 1. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti /gAthA 12 meM uddhRta

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA / 145 svIkAra nahIM karate, kevala zubhapravRttirUpa vyavahAra-mokSamArga ko hI mAnate haiM, ve svargAdi ke klezoM ko bhogate hue saMsAra meM hI bhaTakate rahate haiN| kintu, yadi zuddhAtmAnubhUtirUpa nizcayamokSamArga ko svIkAra karate haiM, para usake anuSThAna kI zakti na hone para usakA sAdhaka mAnate hue zubha kA anuSThAna karate haiM, to sarAgasamyagdRSTi hokara paramparayA mokSa pAte haiN| tathA jo kevala nizcayamokSamArga ko mAnate haiM, kintu rAgAdivikalparahita paramasamAdhi- rUpa zuddhAtmA ko prApta na kara pAne para bhI maniyoM ke yogya SaD AvazyakAdi ko tathA zrAvakoM ke yogya dAnapUjAdi ke anuSThAna ko heya samajhate haiM, ve ubhayabhraSTa hokara kevala pApa kA bandha karate haiN| kintu yadi zuddhAtmAnubhUtirUpa nizcayamokSamArga ko tathA usake sAdhakarUpa se vyavahAramokSamArga ko mAnate haiM, to cAritramoha ke udaya se zakti kA abhAva hone para zubhAzubha pravRtti karate hue bhI sarAgasamyagdRSTirUpa vyavahArasamyagdRSTi hote haiM aura paramparayA mokSa prApta karate haiN| isa prakAra siddha hai ki paraspara sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva se nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM kA avalambana karane para jo rAgAdivikalparahita paramasamAdhi sambhava hotI hai, usI se mokSa prApta hotA hai|" ina samasta ArSavacanoM evaM yuktiyoM se nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI paraspara sApekSatA pramANita hotI hai| sApekSatAvirodhI mata kA nirAkaraNa kintu Adhunika vidvAnoM kA eka varga nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM meM paraspara sApekSatA svIkAra nahIM krtaa| usakA mata hai ki nizcayanaya sadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke viSaya ko to svIkAra karatA hai, kintu asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke viSaya kA niSedha karatA hai, kyoMki usakA viSaya vastudharma na hokara upacArakathana mAtra hai| ukta vidvadvarga likhatA hai - . "aba rahA asadbhUtavyavahAranaya so usakA viSaya mAtra upacAra hai jo para ko avalambana kara hotA hai, isaliye usakI apekSA ukta donoM nayoM meM sApekSatA kisI bhI avasthA meM nahIM bana sktii| ... samayasAra, gAthA 84 meM pahale AtmA ko vyavahAranaya se pudgala karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA batalAyA gayA hai, kintu yaha 1. "athaivaM pUrvoktaprakAreNAsya prAbhRtasya zAstrasya vItarAgatvameva tAtparyaM jJAtavyaM, tacca vItarAgatvaM nizcayavyavahAranayAbhyAM sAdhyasAdhakarUpeNa parasparasApekSAbhyAmeva bhavati muktisiddhaye na ca punarnirapekSAbhyAmiti vaartikm| tata: sthitametannizcayavyavahAraparasparasAdhyasAdhakabhAvena rAgAdivikalparahitaparamasamAdhibalenaiva mokSaM lbhte|" paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 172 2. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 436

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146 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana vyavahAra asadbhUta hai, kyoMki ajJAniyoM kA anAdi saMsAra se aisA prasiddha vyavahAra hai| isaliye gAthA 85 meM dUSaNa dete hue nizcayanaya kA avalambana lekara usakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|' tAtparya yaha ki kathita vidvadvarga asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko ajJAniyoM ke anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra kA paryAyavAcI mAnatA hai, jo vastu ke vAstavika dharma kA pratipAdana nahIM karatA, apituM anya vastu ke dharma ko anya vastu kA kahatA hai| jisa naya kA apanA koI vAstavika viSaya nahIM hai, usake sAtha nizcayanaya kI sApekSatA kaise ho sakatI hai ? vidvadvarga kA yaha mata atyanta bhrAntipUrNa hai| isake nimnalikhita kAraNa (1) asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ko ajJAniyoM ke vyavahAra kA paryAyavAcI mAnane se usakA nayatva samApta ho jAtA hai, jisase jinendradeva kA use naya saMjJA dekara zrutajJAnarUpa pramANa kA avayava batalAne kA vacana mithyA siddha hotA hai| tathA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya ke mithyA siddha hone se bandha aura mokSa ke bhI asatya hone kA prasaMga AtA hai| isa sthiti meM nayAntarasApekSa na rahane se nizcayanaya AtmA ko sarvathA zuddha pratipAdita karane vAlA mithyAnaya ThaharatA hai| (2) 'upacAra' asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya nahIM hai, svayaM asadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai| vaha vastudharma ke pratipAdana kI lakSaNAtmaka evaM vyaMjanAtmaka zailI hai| anya vastu ke dharma dvArA vaha prastuta vastu ke hI dharma ko pratipAdita karatA hai, yaha vyavahAranaya ke prakaraNa meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| (3) asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya vastu kA svadharma hI hai, jaise bhAvaparyAya mUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke viSaya AtmA ke karmopAdhinimittaka zuddha-azuddha bhAva haiN| saMzleSAdi bAhya sambandha bAhyasambandhamUlaka asadbhatavyavahAranaya ke viSaya haiM tathA zarIra aura jIva kA vilakSaNa abheda, svayaM ko pudgalakarmoM se Abaddha karane meM jIva kA svAtantrya athavA pudgaladravya ke karmarUpa se pariNamita hone meM jIva kA prerakatva Adi upacAramUlaka asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke viSaya haiN| ina samasta viSayoM kA nirUpaNa vyavahAranaya ke prakaraNa meM kiyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra cU~ki asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya vastu kA svadharma hI hai, isaliye nizcayanaya kI usase sApekSatA (4) nizcayanaya ke dvArA vyavahAranaya ke niSiddha hone kA abhiprAya sarvathA 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA, 2/436-437

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nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI parasparasApekSatA / 147 niSiddha honA nahIM hai, apitu vyavahAranaya ke viSaya kA nizcayanaya ke viSayarUpa meM niSiddha honA hai, vyavahAranaya ke viSayarUpa meM to nizcayanaya use svIkAra karatA hI hai| sarvathA niSiddha hone para nizcayaikAnta kA prasaMga AegA, jisase nizcayanaya bhI mithyA ho jaaegaa| vyavahAranaya kA niSedha bhI ajJAniyoM kA anAdirUr3ha vyavahAra hone ke kAraNa nahIM, balki usake samAna parAzrita hone ke kAraNa kiyA gayA hai|' ina kAraNoM se siddha hai ki nizcayanaya asadbhUtavyavahAranaya-sApekSa hai| ukta vidvAna, svayaM anyatra likhate haiM - "pratyeka naya sApekSa hotA hai isakA to hamane kahIM niSedha kiyA hI nhiiN| aura ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki sApekSatva kA artha 'upekSA' ( svIkAra karate hue bhI pratipAdana na karanA ) hai| aba ukta vidvAnoM ke kathana meM kitanA virodha hai, yaha dekhane yogya hai| pUrva meM ve kahate haiM - nizcayanaya aura asadbhUtavyavahAranaya meM sApekSatA kisI bhI avasthA meM nahIM bana sktii| yahA~ kahate haiM -- pratyeka naya sApekSa hotA hai, isakA to hamane kahIM niSedha kiyA hI nhiiN| astu| uparyukta kathana se ukta vidvAn svayaM svIkAra karate haiM ki pratyeka naya nayAntara sApekSa hotA hai, sApekSatA se hI pratyeka naya samyak hotA hai, nirapekSa naya mithyA hai aura sApekSatA kA artha pratipakSI naya ke viSaya kA niSedha na kara usake prati upekSAbhAva ( gauNabhAva ) rakhanA mAtra hai| isa prakAra unake hI vacanoM se siddha ho jAtA hai ki nizcayanaya asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke viSaya kA niSedha nahIM karatA, apitu usake prati upekSA mAtra ( na AdAna, na nirAkRti ) rakhatA hai, isalie vaha asadbhUtavyavahAranaya-sApekSa hai| 1. "..." vyavahAranaya eva kila pratiSiddhaH tasyApi praashrittvaavishessaat|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 272 2. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2, pR0 802-803 3. vahI 2/802, "nirapekSatvaM pratyanIkadharmasya nirAkRtiH, saapeksstvmupekssaa|" AptamImAMsAbhASya/kArikA 108

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aSTama adhyAya nizcaya-vyavahAramokSamArgoM meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva pUrva adhyAya meM prasaMgavaza nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga ke sAdhyasAdhakabhAva-sambandha kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM usakI vistAra se mImAMsA kI jA rahI hai| AcArya amRtacandra 'tattvArthasAra' meM likhate haiM - nizcayavyavahArAbhyAM mokSamArgoM dvidhA sthitaH / tatrAdyaH sAdhyarUpa: syAd dvitIyastasya sAdhanam / / ' - mokSamArga ke do pakSa haiM : nizcaya aura vyvhaar| inameM nizcayamokSamArga sAdhya haiM aura vyavahAramokSamArga usakA saadhk| ___ isa kArikA meM AcAryazrI ne nizcayamokSamArga ko sAdhya batalAyA hai| sAdhya kA artha hai 'sAdhayituM yogyaH' - jo siddha karane yogya ho| abhiprAya yaha hai ki samasta zubhAzubha pariNAmoM ke abhAva meM AtmA kI jo zuddhopayogarUpa avasthA hotI hai vaha nizcayamokSamArga kahalAtI hai| yaha avasthA samyaktvapUrvaka ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM, anazanAdi tapoM tathA uttamakSamAdi dharmoM meM pariniSThita hone para arthAt SaSTha guNasthAna meM pahu~cane ke bAda hI prApta ho pAtI hai, jaisA ki AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai suvididapayatthasutto saMjama tava saMjudo vigadarAgo / samaNo samasuhadukkho bhaNido suddhovaogo tti / / - jIvAdi tattvoM ke svarUpa kA samyagjJAtA, saMyama aura tapa se saMyuta, vigatarAga tathA sukha-dukha meM samarUpa zramaNa zuddhopayogI hotA hai| 'zramaNa' zabda ke prayoga se spaSTa hai ki muni-avasthA meM pahuMce hue sAdhaka ko hI zuddhopayoga sambhava hai| zrI nemicandrAcArya kA bhI kathana hai - tavasudavadavaM cedA jhANarahadhuraMdharo have jamhA / / tamhA tattiyaNiradA talladdhIe sadA hoi / / ' 1. tattvArthasAra/upasaMhAra/zloka 2 2. "yo'sau samastazubhAzubhasaGkalpavikalparahito jIvasya zuddhabhAva: sa eva nizcayaratna trayAtmako mokssmaargH|" paramAtmaprakAza TIkA 2/69 3. pravacanasAra, 1/14 4. bRhadrvya saMgraha/gAthA 57 .

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nizcaya - vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva / 149 - jo AtmA tapa, zruta aura vrata kA dhAraka hotA hai vahI dhyAnarUpI ratha ( zuddhopayoga ) kI dhurA ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| isalie, he bhavyo ! dhyAna kI prApti ke liye tumheM nirantara tapa, zruta aura vrata ina tInoM meM tatpara rahanA cAhiye / nimnalikhita zloka meM dhyAna arthAt zuddhopayoga ke pA~ca hetu batalAe gae haiM -- vairAgyaM tattvavijJAnaM nairgranthyaM parISahajayazceti paJcaite - - vairAgya, tattvajJAna, bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha kA tyAga, sAmyabhAva tathA parISahajaya ye pA~ca dhyAna ke hetu haiM / AcArya jayasena ne batalAyA hai ki zuddhopayoga kA Arambha apramatta ( saptama ) guNasthAna se hotA hai aura kSINakaSAya ( bArahaveM ) guNasthAna taka kramazaH bar3hatA jAtA hai - " tadanantaramapramattAdikSINakaSAyAntaguNasthAnaSaTke tAratamyena zuddhopayogaH / 12 samacittatA / dhyAnahetavaH / / 3 isake nIce mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya inameM se kucha kA yA sabhI kA astitva rahane ke kAraNa zuddhopayoga sambhava nahIM hotaa| ina sabako azubhopayoga kahA gayA hai| isaliye zuddhopayoga ko sambhava banAne ke liye ina cAroM pratyayoM kA abhAva karanA Avazyaka hai, jo mithyAtva evaM anantAnubandhI Adi kaSAyoM ke upazama, kSayopazama yA kSaya se hotA hai| isakA upAya hai zrAvakadharma aura munidharma ke rUpa meM samyagdarzanapUrvaka zubhapariNAma kA abhyAsa karanA / kintu, samyagdarzana svayaM eka durlabha vastu hai / kevala ise pAne ke liye janma-janmAntara taka sAdhanA karanI par3a sakatI hai| yaha mithyAtva aura anantAnubandhI ke upazamAdi se prakaTa hotA hai| isakA upAya hai mokSa ko lakSya banAkara tattvajJAna kA abhyAsa karate hue zubha pariNAma meM pravRtta honA / " 1. bRhadravyasaMgraha / gAthA 57 / brahmadevaTIkA meM uddhRta 2. pravacanasAra/ tAtparyavRtti 1/9 3. "svazuddhAtmasaMvittivinAzakeSu saMsAravRddhikAraNeSu mithyAtvAviratipramAdakaSAyayogeSu / " bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA / gAthA 35 4. "mithyaatvaavirtiprmaadkssaayyogpnycprtyyruupaashubhopyogenaashubhH|" pravacanasAra/ tAtparyavRtti 1 / 9 5. " prathamasamyaktvaM gRhItumArabhamANaH zubhapariNAmAbhimukhaH .... vardhamAnazubhapariNAmapratApena sarvakarmaprakRtInAM sthitiM hrAsayan / " tattvArthavArtika 9/1

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150 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana isa prakAra nizcayamokSamArga ke avalambana - yogya avasthA eka kaThina sAdhanA se prApta hotI hai, isaliye nizcayamokSamArga sAdhya hai aura samyaktvapUrvaka athavA samyaktvasAdhaka zubhopayogarUpa vyavahAramokSamArga usakA sAdhaka / vyavahAramokSamArga kI vaijJAnika bhUmi nizcayamokSamArga kI siddhi meM vyavahAramokSamArga kA prabala vaijJAnika AdhAra hai, jisa para yahA~ prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| prAthamika bhUmikA meM kevala pApa se nivRtti sambhava pApa aura puNya donoM se nivRtti kA nAma mokSamArga hai| ' Arambha meM pApa aura puNya donoM se nivRtti sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki isake liye manavacanakAya kI pravRtti kA sarvathA nirodha Avazyaka hai aura jaba taka anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa evaM pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAyoM kA udaya tathA saMjvalana kaSAya kA tIvrodaya rahatA hai taba taka citta meM itanI caMcalatA rahatI hai ki manavacanakAya kI pravRtti kA sarvathA nirodha nahIM ho sktaa| kevala anantAnubandhI Adi kA mandodaya hone para cittavRtti ko puNyapravRtti meM lagAkara pApapravRtti kA kisI sImA taka nirodha ho sakatA hai| isIlie asaMyatasamyagdRSTi nAmaka caturtha guNasthAna se pUrva azubhopayoga jyAdA aura zubhopayoga kama hotA hai / asaMyatasamyagdRSTi se lekara pramattasaMyata (SaSTha) guNasthAna taka azubhopayoga kramazaH alpa tathA zubhopayoga adhika hotA hai| usase Upara kSINakaSAya nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAna taka kevala zuddhopayoga uttarottara adhika mAtrA meM hotA hai|' isa prakAra chaThaveM guNasthAna taka kevala pApa kriyA kI hI nivRtti sambhava hai, puNya kriyA kI nhiiN| isake bAda jaba saMjvalana kA mandodaya hotA hai taba pApa aura puNya donoM prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kA nirodha sambhava hotA hai| puNyanivRttiyogya avasthA kI prApti isa prakAra Arambha meM kevala pApa se hI nivRtti sambhava hai, kintu isa ekadezanivRtti ( mandakaSAyarUpa vizuddhapariNAma ) meM itanI zakti hotI hai ki usase mithyAtva evaM anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa tathA pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAyoM kA upazama yA kSayopazama ho jAtA hai jisase AtmA SaSTha guNasthAna nAmaka usa avasthA 1. " taccArittaM bhaNiyaM parihAro puNNapAvANaM / " mokkhapAhuDa / gAthA 37 2. "mithyAtvasAsAdAnamizraguNasthAnatraye tAratamyenAzubhopayogaH, tadanantaramasaMyatasamyagdRSTi- dezavirata - pramattasaMyataguNasthAnatraye tAratamyena zubhopayogaH, tadanantaramapramattAdikSINakaSAyAntaguNasthAnaSaTke tAratamyena zuddhopayogaH, tadanantaraM sayogyayogijinaguNasthAnadvaye zuddhopayogaphalamiti / " pravacanasAra/ tAtparyavRtti 1 / 9

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 151 meM paha~ca jAtA hai, jahA~ saMjvalana kA mandodaya hone para manavacanakAya kI puNyapravRtti kA bhI nirodha sambhava hotA hai| ekadezanivRtti vizuddhapariNAmapUrvaka AtmA ke tIna pariNAma hote haiM - saMkleza, vizuddha aura shuddh| tIvrakaSAyapariNAma saMkleza, mandakaSAyapariNAma vizuddha tathA kaSAyarahita pariNAma zuddha kahalAte haiN| ina pariNAmoM meM pudgala karmoM ke Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, udIraNA, saMkramaNa Adi kI zakti hotI hai| saMkleza pariNAmoM se aneka anartha hote haiN| navIna azubha karmoM meM utkRSTa sthiti aura utkRSTa anubhAga kA bandha hotA hai, pUrvabaddha zubhAzubha ( deva-manuSyatiryaJcAyu ko chor3akara ) karmoM kI sthiti bar3ha jAtI hai, azubha karmoM ke anubhAga meM vRddhi ho jAtI hai aura zubhakarmoM kA anubhAga ghaTa jAtA hai| pUrvabaddha zubhakarma azubhakarma meM badala jAte haiN| vizuddha pariNAmoM se aneka hitakara ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI haiN| aghAtI ( AtmasvabhAva ko tirohita evaM vikRta na karane vAle ) azubha karmoM kA saMvara hotA hai tathA ghAtI ( AtmasvabhAva ko tirohita evaM vikRta karane vAle ) evaM aghAtI azubha karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| pUrvabaddha ghAtI aura aghAtI azubha karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga hIna ho jAte haiM, pUrvabaddha zubha karma ke anubhAga meM vRddhi ho jAtI hai tathA azubha karma zubha karma meM saMkramita ho jAte haiN| naye zubha karmoM kA alpasthiti aura tIvra anubhAgasahita bandha hotA hai| ghAtI karmoM kA bandha alpasthiti aura alpa anubhAgasahita hotA hai| isa prakAra vizuddha pariNAmoM se saMsArasthiti kSINa hotI hai tathA Age ke lie vizuddha pariNAmoM kI sthiti nirmita hotI hai| zuddha pariNAmoM se zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA hotI hai, kintu jaba taka samasta kaSAyoM kA upazama yA kSaya nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka zuddhopayoga kI avasthA meM bhI abuddhipUrvaka rAgAdibhAvoM kA udaya rahane 1. (ka) 'aitivvakasAyAbhAvo maMdakasAo visuddhadA tti ghetvvaa|' dhavalA, 11/4,2,6 (kha) 'asAdAbaMdhajoggapariNAmo saMkileso nnaam|' kA visohI ? saadaabNdhjoggprinnaamo|' dhavalA 6/1,9-7,2 (ga) ko saMkilaso NAma ? kohmaannmaayaalohprinnaamviseso|' / kasAyapAhuDa/jayadhavalA/pustaka 4/bhAga 3-22/prakaraNa 30/pR0 15 (gha) krodhamAnamAyAlobhAnAM tIvrodaye cittasya kSobhaH kaalussym| teSAmeva mandodaye tasya prsaado'kaalussym| paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 138 2. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6/3 tathA gommaTasAra-karmakANDa, gAthA 134, 163-164

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152 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana se kucha karmoM kA alpasthiti evaM alpAnubhAgasahita bandha hotA hai / ----- pApakriyA se virata honA ekadezanivRtti hai, vaha manda kaSAya kI avasthA meM hI hotI hai, ataH usameM vizuddhapariNAma antarnihita hotA hai / vrata, pUjA, bhakti, bAhyatapa, svAdhyAya Adi vyavahAracAritra puNyakriyA hai| yaha ( vyavahAracAritra ) zubho - payoga kahalAtA hai| yaha bhI mandakaSAya kI avasthA meM hI hotA hai / ata: yaha bhI vizuddha pariNAmarUpa hai, jaisA ki paMDita ToDaramala jI ne kahA hai| "arahantAdi ke prati jo stavanAdirUpa bhAva hote haiM, ve kaSAyoM kI mandatAsahita hI hote haiM, isalie ve vizuddha pariNAma haiN|"" zubhopayoga ke samaya azubhopayoga ( pApapravRtti ) kA abhAva hotA hai, ata: usameM pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM ke aMza rahate haiM / brahmadeva rine pravRttyaMza kI apekSA mahAvratoM ko ekadezavrata kahA hai, kyoMki unameM karmabandha kI hetubhUta manavacanakAya kI kriyA pUrNarUpa se nivRtta nahIM hotii| ve kahate haiM " jIvaghAtanivRttau satyAmapi jIvarakSaNe pravRttirasti / tathaivAsatyavacanaparihAre'pi satyavacanapravRttirasti / tathaiva cAdattAdAna parihAre'pi dattAdAne pravRttirastI - tyAdyekadezapravRttyapekSayA dezavratAni / 2 vratAdi zubhopayogarUpa vyavahAracAritra meM jo pApakriyAnivRttirUpa nivRttyaMza hai vaha ekadezakaSAyAbhAvarUpa hone se ekadezazuddhabhAva hai| vizuddhapariNAma bhI mandakaSAyAtmaka hone se ekadezakaSAyAbhAva kI apekSA ekadezazuddhabhAva hai / ataH zubhopayoga ke antargata jo ekadezanivRtti ke rUpa meM athavA vizuddhapariNAma ke rUpa meM ekadezazuddhabhAva hai usase pApakarmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA hotI hai tathA jo ekadeza pravRtti ke rUpa meM zubharAga hai usase puNyakarmoM kA Asrava aura bandha hotA hai| isIlie AcArya umAsvAmI ne ahiMsAdi vratoM ko ekadezapravRtti kI apekSA Asrava ke kAraNoM meM tathA ekadezanivRtti kI dRSTi se dazadharmoM ke antargata saMyama aura brahmacarya ke nAma se saMvara ke kAraNoM meM varNita kiyA hai|' unhoMne anazanAdi bAhyatapoM ko bhI, jo zubhapravRttirUpa haiM, saMvara aura nirjarA kA hetu batalAyA hai| zrI nemicandra siddhAntideva ne bhI vratAdi ko saMvara ke hetuoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai aura zrI brahmadevasUri ne vyavahAraratnatrayarUpa zubhopayoga ko pApAsrava ke saMvara kA hetu tathA zuddhopayogarUpa 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / prathama adhikAra / pR0 7 2. bRhaddravyasaMgraha/TIkA / gAthA 57, pR0 208-209 3. sarvArthasiddhi 7/1 4. vadasamidIguttIo dhammANupehA parIsahajao ya / cArittaM bahubheyA NAyavvA bhAvasaMvaravisesA / / bRhadravyasaMgraha / gAthA 35

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 153 nizcayaratnatraya ko puNyapApa donoM ke saMvara kA kAraNa kahA hai|' mokkhapAhuDa ke hindI TIkAkAra paMDita jayacanda jI likhate haiM - "cAritra nizcaya-vyavahArakari do bhedarUpa hai| tahA~ mahAvrata, samiti, gupti ke bheda kari kahyA hai so to vyavahAra hai| tini meM pravRttirUpa kriyA hai so zubhabandha karai hai aura ina kriyAni meM jetA aMza nivRtti kA hai tAkA phala bandha nAhIM hai| tAkA phala karma kI ekadeza nirjarA hai aura saba karma taiM rahita apanA Atma-svarUpa meM lIna honA so nizcayacAritra hai, tAkA phala karma kA nAza hI hai|"2 paMDita banArasIdAsa jI kA kathana hai - "jIvadravya meM kaSAya kI mandatA hotI hai, usase nirjarA hotI hai| usI mandatA ke pramANa meM zuddhatA jaannaa|"3 tAtparya yaha hai ki mithyAtva aura kaSAyoM kA kSayopazama hone para AtmasvabhAva ( vItarAgabhAva ) kI aMzata: abhivyakti hotI hai, vahI ekadezazuddhabhAva hai| ata: samyagdRSTi jIva ke azubhanivRtti aura zubhapravRttirUpa vyavahAramokSamArga meM ekadezazuddhabhAva hotA hai, usase vaha yathAsambhava karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA karatA huA apratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi kaSAyoM ke kSayopazama dvArA SaSTha guNasthAna taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, jahA~ zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayamokSamArga ko pakar3anA sambhava hotA hai| lakSya kI bhinnatA se zubhopayoga ke phala meM bhinnatA / yadyapi aneka jIva aise haiM jo mahAvratAdirUpa zubhopayoga kA avalambana karate haiM, kintu mithyAdRSTi hone ke kAraNa mokSamArga meM eka kadama bhI nahIM rakha paate| isase yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki vyavahAramokSamArga nizcayamokSamArga taka le jAne meM samartha nahIM haiN| kintu yaha doSa vyavahAramokSamArga yA zubhopayoga kA nahIM hai, usake pIche jo lakSya hotA hai usakA hai| AcArya kundakunda kA kathana hai - "jaise eka hI prakAra ke bIja bhinna-bhinna bhUmiyoM meM boye jAne para bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM phalita hote haiM vaise hI eka hI zubhopayoga alaga-alaga pAtroM ke saMsarga se alaga-alaga phala detA hai|" ise spaSTa karate hue AcArya jayasena kahate haiM - "jaba samyaktvapUrvaka 1. "tatra nizcayaratnatrayasAdhakavyavahAratnatrayarUpasya zubhopayogasya pratipAdakAni yAni vAkyAni tAni pApAstravasaMvarakAraNani jnyaatvyaani|" - bRhadrvyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 35 2. mokkhapAhuDa/TIkA/gAthA 42 ( jainendrasiddhAntakoza 2/293 ) 3. upAdAnanimitta kI citttthii| mokSamArgaprakAzaka/pariziSTa, pR0 19 4. rAgo pasatthabhUdo vatthuviseseNa phaladi vivarIdaM / NANAbhUmigadANiha bIjANiva sassakAlamhi / / pravacanasAra 3/55

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154 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana zubhopayoga hotA hai taba pratyakSarUpa se to puNyabandha hotA hai aura paramparayA mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| yadi zubhopayoga samyaktvapUrvaka nahIM hotA to mAtra puNyabandha hI hotA hai|' isase yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki yadi koI mithyAdRSTi jIva sAMsArika sukhoM kI lAlasA se zubhopayoga meM pravRtta hotA hai, to use kevala puNyabandha hotA hai, samyagdarzana tathA mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotii| kintu yadi koI mokSa ke lakSya se zubhopayoga kA Azraya letA hai to use samyagdarzana aura paramparayA mokSa donoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| mokSonmukha zubhopayoga se mithyAtva kA upazama zubhopayoga vizuddhapariNAmamaya ( mandakaSAyAtmaka ) hotA hai aura jaba vaha sAMsArika sukhoM kI lAlasA se prerita na hokara mokSa kI AkAMkSA se sampRkta hotA hai, taba vairAgyabhAva ke kAraNa usakI vizuddhatA bar3ha jAtI hai, jisase mithyAtva aura anantAnubandhI kA upazama, kSayopazama yA kSaya hotA hai tathA samyaktva kI abhivyakti hotI hai| isa prakAra kI vizuddhatA ko karaNapariNAma kahate haiM aura isakI prApti ko 'lbdhi'|' karaNalabdhi mithyAtva aura anantAnubandhI ke upazamAdi kA pramukha evaM avyabhicArI kAraNa hai| usakI prApti zubha pariNAmoM ke pratApa se hotI hai| isameM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke nimna vacana pramANa haiM - . "jo prathama samyaktva ko prApta karane kI sAdhanA Arambha karatA hai vaha zubha pariNAmoM ke abhimukha hotA hai, jinase usakI vizuddhi antarmuhUrta meM anantagunI bar3hatI jAtI hai| vaha cAra manoyogoM meM se kisI eka manoyoga se, cAra vacanayogoM meM se kisI eka vacanayoga se tathA audArika aura vaikriyika ina do kAyayogoM meM se kisI eka kAyayoga se yukta hotA hai| usake jisa kaSAya kA udaya hotA hai vaha nirantara hIna hotI jAtI hai| vaha sAkAropayoga-vAlA hotA hai tathA tIna vedoM meM se kisI eka veda se yukta hone para bhI saMklezarahita hotA hai aura bar3hate hue zubha pariNAmoM ke pratApa se sabhI ( Ayu ko chor3akara ) karmaprakRtiyoM kI sthiti kA hrAsa karate hue, azubhakarma-prakRtiyoM ke anubhAgabandha ko ghaTAte hue tathA zubhakarma-prakRtiyoM ke anubhAga ko bar3hAte hue tIna karaNa karanA prArambha karatA hai|" 1. "yadA samyaktvapUrvakaH zubhopayogo bhavati tadA mukhyavRttyA puNyabandho bhavati paramparayA nirvANaM c| nocet punnybndhmaatrmev|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 3/55 2. "darzanamohopazanAdikaraNavizuddhapariNAmaH karaNa ityucyte| tallAbha: krnnlbdhiH|" karmaprakRti/abhayacandrasiddhAntacakravartI/sUtra 204 3. "prathamasamyaktvaM gRhItumArabhamANaH zubhapariNAmAbhimukhaH antarmuhUrtamanantaguNavRddhyA

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 155 AcArya pUjyapAdasvAmI ne kahA hai ki darzanamohanIya kI mithyAtva, samyagmithyAtva tathA samyaktva ina tIna prakRtiyoM meM se mithyAtva prakRti kI phaladAnazakti ko jaba zubhapariNAmoM ke dvArA roka diyA jAtA hai taba vahI samyaktva prakRti kahalAne lagatI hai| ina AcAryavacanoM se siddha hai ki mokSonmukha zubhopayoga meM mithyAtva kA upazama Adi karane kI zakti hai| samyaktva kI prApti usI ke pratApa se hotI hai| mithyAtva kI avasthA meM zuddhapariNAma ( zuddhopayoga ) to sambhava hI nahIM hai| samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga se apratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi kA kSayopazama mokSonmukha zubhopayoga se mithyAtva evaM anantAnubandhI kA upazama hotA hai aura jIva samyagdRSTi bana jAtA hai| samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga meM aura adhika vizuddhatA hotI hai| usase apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA kSayopazama hotA hai aura jIva aNuvratAdi zrAvakadharma dhAraNa karane yogya avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai, jise paMcama guNasthAna kahate haiN| samyaktvamaya aNuvratAdirUpa cAritra tathA devapUjAdirUpa zubhopayoga meM vizuddhatA kI mAtrA aura adhika ho jAtI hai jisake bala para jIva pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA kSayopazama kara mahAvratAdirUpa munidharma grahaNa karane yogya bhUmikA prApta kara letA hai, jo SaSTha guNasthAna kahalAtI hai| isa bhUmikA meM Ane ke bAda jaba saMjvalana kaSAya kA udaya manda hotA hai taba jaghanya ( nyUnatama ) zuddhopayoga sambhava hotA hai, jo nizcayataH mokSamArga hai| isa tathya kI puSTi AcArya jayasena ke nimna vacanoM se hotI hai - ___ "bhedaratnatrayAtmaka vyavahAramokSamArga ko prApta sAdhaka jaba guNasthAnoM ke sopAnakrama se ( kramaza: uccatara guNasthAna meM pahu~catA huA ) AtmAzrita nizcayadarzanajJAnacAritra meM pariNata hotA hai taba bhinna sAdhyasAdhana kA abhAva hone se nizcayanaya se svayaM hI mokSamArga hotA hai| __ina vacanoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga se apratyAvardhamAnavizuddhiH, caturSu manoyogeSu anyatamena manoyogena, caturpu vAgyogeSu anyatamena vAgyogena audArikavaikriyikakAyayogayoranyatareNa kAyayogena vA samAviSTaH hIyamAnAnyatamakaSAya: sakAropayogaH, triSu vedeSvanyatamena vedena saMklezavirahita: vardhamAnazubhapariNAmapratApena sarvakarmaprakRtInAM sthiti hrAsayan azubhaprakRtInAmanubhAgabandhamapasArayan zubhaprakRtInAM rasamudvartayan trINi karaNAni krtumupkrmte|" tattvArthavArtika 9/1 1. "tadeva samyaktvaM zubhapariNAmaniruddhasvarasaM yadaudAsInyenAvasthitamAtmanaH zraddhAnaM na niruNaddhi tadvadyamAna: puruSa: smygdRssttiritybhidhiiyte|" sarvArthasiddhi 8/9 2. "bhedaratnatrayAtmakaM vyavahAramokSamArgamanuprapanno guNasthAnasopAnakrameNa . . svazuddhAtmA

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156 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana khyAnAvaraNa evaM dezacAritrasahita zubhopayoga se pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAyoM kA kSayopazama hotA hai jisase jIva SaSTha guNasthAna nAmaka usa stara para pahu~catA hai jahA~ zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayamokSamArga grahaNa karanA sambhava hotA hai|' upAdAna nahIM, nimittamAtra ___ isa prakAra yadyapi zubhopayoga-pariNata AtmA zuddhopayoga kA upAdAna nahIM hai, kyoMki zubhopayoga pariNata AtmA se zuddhopayoga kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI, jaba AtmA zubhopayoga ko chor3akara zuddhopayoga kA prayatna karatA hai taba zuddhopayoga kA upAdAna hotA hai, tathApi zubhopayoga zuddhopayoga kI kSamatA kA janaka hai| kyoMki samyaktvasAdhaka tathA samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga meM jo AMzika zuddhatA hai usake hI nimitta se anantAnubandhI Adi kaSAyoM kA upazama-kSayopazama hone para jIva zuddhopayoga ke yogya guNasthAna meM pahu~catA hai tathA vahI zuddhatA kramazaH vikasita hotI huI yathAkhyAtacAritrarUpa pUrNa zuddhatA meM pariNata hotI hai, jaisA ki paMDita banArasIdAsa jI ne kahA hai - "vizuddhatA meM zuddhatA hai, vahI yathAkhyAtarUpa hotI hai|" tathA paMDita ToDaramala jI kA kathana hai - "arahantAdi ke prati jo stavanAdirUpa bhAva hote haiM, ve kaSAyoM kI mandatAsahita hI hote haiM, isalie ve vizaddha pariNAma haiN| punazca samasta kaSAya miTAne ke sAdhana haiM, isalie zuddhapariNAma ke kAraNa haiN| so aise pariNAmoM se apane ghAtaka ghAtikarma kI hInatA hone se sahaja hI vItarAgavizeSa jJAna prakaTa hotA hai| prAptabhUmikA ko nirdoSa rakhane meM sahAyaka ___ samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga jIva ko SaSTha guNasthAna taka pahu~cA detA hai| vaha azubhopayoga kA nirodhakara prApta bhUmikA ko dUSita hone se bhI bacAtA hai| zuddhopayoga meM samartha ho jAne para bhI sAdhaka viziSTa saMhanana Adi zakti ke abhAva meM zuddhopayoga meM nirantara sthita nahIM raha sktaa| kucha samaya bAda usase cyuta ho jAtA hai| isa dazA meM usakA rAga viSayakaSAyarUpa azubha viSayoM meM jA sakatA hai| ata: aprazasta viSayoM meM jAne se rokane ke lie use paJcaparameSThI kI bhakti tathA zritanizcayadarzanajJAnacAritrairabhedena pariNato yadA bhavati tadA nizcayanayena bhinnasAdhya sAdhanasyAbhAvAdayamAtmaiva mokSamArga iti||' paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 161 1. "tato'pyasaMyatasamyagdRSTi-zrAvaka-pramattasaMyateSu pAramparyeNa zuddhopayogasAdhaka uparyupari tAratamyena zubhopayogo vrtte|" bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 34 2. upAdAna-nimitta kI ciTThI/mokSamArgaprakAzaka/pariziSTa, pR0 19 3. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/pahalA adhikAra/pR0 7

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 157 vyavahAracAritra Adi prazasta viSayoM meM lagAtA hai| isa tathya para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya jayasena kahate haiM - "jaba viziSTa saMhanana Adi zakti ke abhAva meM jIva nija zuddhAtmasvarUpa meM nirantara sthita nahIM raha pAtA taba vaha kyA karatA hai ? kabhI zuddhAtmabhAvanA kI siddhi meM sahAyaka jIvAdi padArthoM ke pratipAdaka Agama meM ruci letA hai| kabhI jaise koI rAma Adi puruSa dUradezasthita apanI sItA Adi patnI ke samIpa se Aye puruSoM kA patnI se prema hone ke kAraNa sanmAna Adi karatA hai, vaise hI vaha mokSalakSmI ko vaza meM karane ke lie tIrthaGkara paramadeva tathA gaNadharadeva, bharata, sagara, rAma, pAMDava Adi mahApuruSoM ke caritapurANAdi ko azubharAga se bacane hetu tathA zubhadharma meM anurAga hone ke kAraNa sunatA hai|'' yahI bAta AcArya amRtacandra ne nimna zabdoM meM kahI hai - "arhat, siddha aura sAdhu kI bhakti, vyavahAracAritra tathA guruoM kI upAsanA ye prazasta viSaya haiN| inameM honevAlA rAga prazastarAga kahalAtA hai| yaha prAya: sthUla lakSya rakhane vAle kevalabhaktipradhAna ajJAnI ko hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI vItarAgadazAvAle ucca guNasthAna meM na pahu~ca pAne ke kAraNa athavA vahA~ se cyuta hone para aprazasta viSayoM meM rAga kA niSedha karane hetu jJAnI ko bhI hotA hai|"2 isa prakAra samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga nirvikalpa samAdhi ke abhAva meM jIva ko azubhopayoga se bacAkara prApta bhUmikA ko dUSita hone se rokatA hai tathA pApakarmoM ke bandha ko TAlatA hai| vizuddhatA ke vikAsa meM zubhopayoga kI manovaijJAnikatA karmoM kA udaya aura udIraNA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ke nimitta se hotI hai| jaise svarNAdi dravya yA sAMsArika sukha kI vastue~ dikhane para mohI 1. paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 170 2. "arhatsiddhasAdhuSu bhaktirdharme vyavahAracAritrAnuSThAne vAsanApradhAnaceSTA, gurUNAmAcAryAdInAM rsiktvenaanugmnm| eSaH prazasto rAga: prshstvissytvaat| ayaM hi sthUlalakSyatayA kevalabhaktipradhAnasyAjJAnino bhvti| uparitanabhUmikAyAmalabdhAspadasyAsthAnarAganiSedhArtha tIvrarAgajvaravinodArtha vA kadAcijjJAnino'pi bhvtiiti|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 136 3. (ka) "dravyakSetrakAlabhavabhAvalakSaNanimittabhedajanitavaizvarUpyo nAnAvidha: pAko vipaakH|" sarvArthasiddhi 8/21 (kha) "kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura pudagala ke nimitta se udaya aura udIraNArUpa phalavipAka hotA hai| yahA~ 'kSetra pada se narakAdi kSetra kA, 'bhava' pada se jIvoM ke ekendriyAdi

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158 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jIva ke lobha kA udaya ho jAtA hai| strI ke sAnnidhya se puruSa ke mana meM, puruSa ke samparka se strI ke mana meM kAmavAsanA ( vedakaSAya ) kI utpatti hotI hai / zatru kA sAmanA hone para krodha udita ho jAtA hai / sundara dRzya, madhura saMgIta yA mAdaka sugandha kI anubhUti sAtAvedanIya ke udaya kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| ye dravya ke nimitta se krodhAdi karmoM ke udaya ke udAharaNa haiM / kucha karmaprakRtiyoM kA udaya naraka-svarga Adi viziSTa kSetroM meM hI hotA hai / himAlaya Adi atyanta zItala kSetra meM yA kisI atyanta uSNa pradeza meM jAne se zIta aura uSNatA kI pIr3A anubhava karAnevAle asAtAvedanIya kA udaya hotA hai / kabhI-kabhI nirjana vana meM bhaya kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha kSetra nimittaka karmodaya hai| udayakAla Ane para jo karmodaya hotA hai vaha kAlanimittaka hai / zIta, grISma Adi dehapratikUla RtuoM ( kAla ) ke nimitta se bhI asAtAvedanIya kA udaya hotA hai| vRddhAvasthA bhI asAtAvedanIya ke udaya kA nimitta bana jAtI hai| yaha kAlanimittaka karmodaya hai| manuSyAdi bhavoM ( paryAyoM ) ke nimitta se manuSyagati, manuSyAyu Adi kA udaya hotA hai| deva aura nAraka bhava ke nimitta se vaikriyika zarIra kA udaya hotA hai| jIva ke apane bhAvoM ke nimitta se bhI karmoM kA udaya hotA hai| jaise kisI vastu ke prati lobha kA udaya ho aura usakI prApti sarala mArga se hotI huI dikhAI na de, to mAyA ( chalakapaTa bhAva ) kA udaya ho jAtA hai / mAyA saphala na hone para hiMsAbhAva ( krodha ) janma letA hai| mithyAtva ke nimitta se saMsAra ke padArthoM meM rAgadveSa kI utpatti hotI hai| mAnakaSAya ke nimitta se apanA sammAna karanevAloM ke prati prIti ( rati ) evaM upekSA karanevAloM ke prati dveSa ( arati ) kA udaya hotA hai| isa prakAra karmoM kA vipAka ( phala dene kI avasthA ko prApta honA ), dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva kA nimitta hone para hI hotA hai, usake binA bhavoM kA, 'kAla' pada se zizira vasanta Adi kAla kA athavA bAla, yauvana, vArdhakya Adi kAlajanita paryAyoM kA aura 'pudgaladravya' pada se gandha, tAmbUla, vastrAbharaNa Adi iSTa-aniSTa padArthoM kA grahaNa karanA cAhie / " kasAyapAhuDasutta/gAthA 59 / vizeSArtha / pR0 465 1. " manojJeSu vastuSu paramA prItireva ratiH / " niyamasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 6

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 159 nhiiN| kintu kAla kI apekSA anya nimitta prAya: balavAna hote haiM, kyoMki bhale hI kisI karma kA udayakAla ho, yadi kisI anya karma ke udayayogya anya nimitta upasthita ho gayA hai, to usakA udaya ho jAyegA aura jisakA udayakAla hai vaha svamukha se udita na hokara usI anya karma ke mukha se ( usI ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara ) udita hogaa|' jaise sAtA aura asAtA donoM kA abAdhAkAla samApta ho jAne para eka sAtha donoM hI prakRtiyoM ke niSeka udayayogya hote haiN| kintu inameM se jisake udaya ke anukUla anya nimitta hoMge usI kA svamukha se udaya hogA, dUsarI kA stibuka-saMkramaNa ke dvArA paramukha se udaya hogaa|' jisa samaya krodha kA udaya hai usa samaya udaya meM AnevAle mAna, mAyA, lobha ( usa samaya se ) eka samaya pUrva hI stibukasaMkramaNa dvArA krodharUpa pariNata ho jAte haiN| ataH krodhodaya ke samaya udaya ko prApta mAna, mAyA, lobharUpa karma . svamukha se udita na hokara krodharUpa meM paramukha se udita hote haiN|' paMDita phUlacandra jI siddhAntazAstrI likhate haiM - "adhruvodayarUpa karmaprakRtiyoM meM hAsya aura rati kA utkRSTa udaya-udIraNA kAla sAmAnyata: chaH mAha hai| isake bAda inakI udaya-udIraNA na hokara arati aura zoka kI udaya-udIraNA hone lagatI hai| kintu chaha mAha ke bhItara yadi hAsya aura rati ke viruddha nimitta milatA hai to bIca meM hI inakI udaya-udIraNA badala jAtI hai|" svarga meM prAya: sAtA kI hI sAmagrI upasthita rahatI hai aura naraka meM asAtA kI hii| ata: svarga meM sAtAvedanIya kA hI udaya banA rahatA hai, asAtA kA udayakAla Ane para sAtA ke rUpa meM pariNamita hokara udita hotA hai| isI prakAra naraka meM asAtA kA hI udaya rahatA hai aura sAtAvedanIya asAtA ke rUpa meM parivartita hokara phala detA hai|" isase spaSTa hotA hai ki udayakAlarUpa nimitta kI apekSA dravya, kSetra, bhava, bhAva tathA zizira-vasanta, rAtri, vArdhakya Adi kAla-rUpa nimitta adhika balavAn hote haiN| 1. "sa evaM pratyayavazAdupAtto'nubhavo dvidhA pravartate svamukhena paramukhena c| sarvAsAM mUla prakRtInAM svmukhenaivaanubhvH| uttaraprakRtInAM tulyajAtInAM paramukhenApi bhavati Ayurdarzana caaritrmohvrjaanaam|" sarvArthasiddhi 8/21 / / 2. "paM0 ratanacandra jaina mukhtAra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva", bhAga 1, pR0 446 3. vahI, bhAga 1, pR0 455 4. sarvArthasiddhi 9/36/vizeSArtha 5. jainadarzana/mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya/pR0 102

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160 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana nimitta-parirvatana se karmodaya meM parivartana ___ cUMki karmoM kA udaya dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ke nimitta se hotA hai, ata: nimittoM meM parivartana kara karmodaya meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha, lobha utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrI kA sAnnidhya TAlakara aura nirlobha kI preraNA denevAle nimittoM kA Azraya lekara lobha ke udaya ko rokA jA sakatA hai| koI hamArA apamAna karatA hai aura usake nimitta se krodha utpanna ho sakatA hai to hama kSamAbhAva dvArA apamAnabodha ko niSprabhAvI kara krodha ke udaya ko roka sakate haiN| isa prakAra kSamAdibhAva, saMyama-tapa-aparigraha, bhakti, svAdhyAya Adi ve nimitta haiM jo krodhAdi ke udaya ke nimittoM ko azakta kara dete haiM, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa krodhAdi kA udaya nahIM ho pAtA, arthAt unakA tIvrodaya asambhava ho jAtA hai| isase saMkleza yA kAluSya kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura vizuddhatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| usa vizuddhatA se koI-koI azubha karma zubha meM badala jAte haiM, kinhIM azubha karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga kA hrAsa ho jAtA hai tathA zubhakarmoM kI sthiti ghaTa jAtI hai aura anubhAga bar3ha jAtA hai| isa rIti se vizuddhatA kA nirantara vikAsa hotA rahatA hai| isakA vistRta vivecana Age kiyA jA rahA hai| saMyama, tapa, aparigraha kI manovaijJAnikatA saMyama, tapa aura aparigraha ke dvArA zarIra ko paradravyoM kI adhInatA se yathAsambhava mukta kara aisA svastha aura saMyata banAyA jAtA hai ki vaha paradravyecchArUpa tIvrakaSAya ke udaya kA nimitta nahIM bana pAtA, na hI paradravya ke abhAva meM asAtAvedanIya ke udaya kA hetu banane meM samartha hotA hai| saMyama : indriyoM meM svabhAvataH viSayasevana kI ruci hotI hai aura aniyantrita viSayabhoga dvArA unameM viSayasevana kA vyasana bhI utpanna ho jAtA hai| isase unheM jisa samaya, jisa vastu ke bhoga kI Adata par3a jAtI hai, usa samaya usa vastu ke bhoga ke lie unameM atyanta pIr3AkAraka uddIpana hotA hai, arthAt asAtAvedanIya kA udaya hotA hai| usase saMklezapariNAma kI utpatti hotI hai| usake nimitta se viSayoM ko bhogane kI AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM tIvra rAga kA udaya hotA hai| isa tathya para AcArya zubhacandra ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM prakAza DAlA hai - idamakSakulaM dhatte madodrekaM yathA yathA / kaSAyadahanaH puMsAM visarpati tathA tathA / / ' 1. "dagdhendriyANAM rucivazena rucitAruciteSu rAgadveSAvupazliSya nitarAM kssobhmupaiti|" pravacanasAra, tattvadIpikAvRtti 1/83 2. jJAnArNava 20/3

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 161 - indriyoM kA samUha jaise-jaise mada kI utkaTatA dhAraNa karatA hai, vaisevaise manuSya meM kaSAyarUpa agni bhar3akatI hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai - yatato hyapi kaunteya puruSasya vipazcitaH / indriyANi pramAthIni haranti prasabhaM manaH / / -he kuntiputra ! manuSya kitanA hI jJAnI ho, yadi usakI indriyA~ asaMyata haiM to ve mana ko balAt viSayoM kI ora khIMca le jAtI haiN| uddIpta indriyoM ke nimitta se asAtAvedanIyajanita saMkleza-pariNAma dvArA viSayecchA utpanna hone para jIva viSaya-prApti kA prayatna karatA hai| usameM koI bAdhaka banatA hai, to usake nimitta se krodha aura mAna udita ho jAte haiM, jinake kAraNa jIva hiMsAdi pApa bhI kara DAlatA hai| icchita vastu kI upalabdhi yadi RjamArga se sambhava nahIM hotI, to aneka jIvoM meM mAyA kaSAya kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra indriyoM kI bhogapravRtti tIvrakaSAya kA nimitta hai| viSayoM meM iSTAniSTabuddhi ke nimitta se to tIvrakaSAya kA udaya kevala mithyAdRSTiyoM meM hI hotA hai, kintu indriyoM ke bhogavyasana ke nimitta se asaMyata tathA saMyatAsaMyata samyagdRSTiyoM meM bhI hotA hai| AcArya jayasena kA kathana hai - "jaise koI cora maranA nahIM cAhatA, to bhI kotavAla ke dvArA pakar3e jAne para use vivaza hokara maranA par3atA hai, vaise hI samyagdRSTi jIva, yadyapi Atmotpanna sukha ko upAdeya tathA viSayasukha ko heya samajhatA hai, to bhI cAritramohodayarUpa kotavAla ke vaza meM hokara viSayasukha kA bhoga karatA hai|" viSayasukha ko heya samajhane para bhI use bhogane ke lie vivaza karane vAlA yaha cAritramoha kA udaya indriyoM kI bhogavAsanA ke nimitta se hI hotA hai, jaise AhAra ko heya samajhane para bhI muni meM AhAra kI icchA paidA karanevAlA cAritramohodaya zarIra kI AhAravRtti ke nimitta se hotA hai| isa prakAra indriyoM kI bhogavAsanA saMkleza kA prabalatama kAraNa hai| indriyasaMyama se saMklezapariNAma kA yaha mahAn srota avaruddha ho jAtA hai| indriyoM ko anAvazyaka viSayasevana se kramaza: nivRtta karane para unakA bhogAbhyAsa chUTa jAtA hai aura unameM viSayabhoga ke lie pIr3AkAraka uddIpana nahIM hotaa| phalasvarUpa ve asAtAvedanIya evaM tIvrakaSAya ( viSayAkAMkSA ) ke udaya kA nimitta nahIM bana paatiiN| 1. zrImadbhagavadgItA/dvitIya adhyAya/zloka 60 2. samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 194

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162 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana pUjyapAda svAmI kahate haiM - 'rasaparityAga Adi tapa ke dvArA indriyoM ke mada kA nigraha hotA hai / " AcArya jayasena kA kathana hai 'zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza, ye indriyaviSaya rAgAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti ke bahiraMga kAraNa haiM, ata: inakA tyAga karanA caahie|" unhoMne batalAyA hai ki indriyaviSayoM ke tyAga se citta kSobharahita ( saMklezarahita ) ho jAtA hai / kaSAyoM ke tIvrodaya meM hI citta kSubdha hotA hai, ataH spaSTa hai ki saMyama tIvrakaSAyodaya ke nirodha kA nimitta hai| 4 -- paMDita ToDaramala jI kA kathana hai " bAhya padArtha kA Azraya lekara rAgAdi pariNAma ho sakate haiN| isalie pariNAma miTAne hetu bAhya vastu ke niSedha kA kathana samayasArAdi meM hai| yaha niyama hai ki bAhya saMyama sAdhe binA pariNAma nirmala nahIM ho skte| ataH bAhya sAdhana kA vidhAna jAnane ke lie caraNAnuyoga kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| "" tapa : anazana, avamaudarya, rasaparityAga, kAyakleza Adi bAhya tapoM ke dvArA bhI zarIra ko paradravya kI adhInatA se adhikAdhika mukta karane kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai, jisase zarIra paradravyajanya sukha kA abhyasta nahIM hotA / phalasvarUpa paradravya ke abhAva meM asAtAvedanIya kA udaya nahIM hotA tathA asAtAvedanIyajanya pIr3A ke abhAva meM paradravyecchArUpa tIvrakaSAya kA udaya nahIM hotA / tapa se zarIra svastha bhI rahatA hai, pramAdagrasta nahIM hotA / ataH roga, Alasya Adi se mukta rahane ke kAraNa bhI saMklezotpAdaka asAtAvedanIya ke udaya kA nirodha hotA hai| aparigraha : bAhya vastuoM ke samparka se unake saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana, pariSkaraNa Adi kI cintA utpanna hotI hai / unakI rakSA ke prayatna meM dUsaroM ke sAtha saMgharSa hotA hai| hiMsA ke prasaMga upasthita ho jAte haiN| ataH parigraha asAtA aura krodhAdi ke udaya kA nimitta hotA hai| jitanI jyAdA vastuoM se samparka chUTatA hai unake 1. sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 19 2. " zabdAdayo rAgAdInAM bhirNgkaarnnaastyaajyaaH|" samayasAra / tAtparyavRtti 366-371 3. "bahiraGgapaJcendriyaviSayatyAgasahakAritvenAvikSiptacittabhAvanotpannanirvikArasukhAmRtarasabalena... .... / " vahI / utthAnikA 4. "krodhamAnamAyAlobhAnAM tIvrodaye cittasya kSobhaH kAluSyam / " paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 138 5. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / pR0 292 6. "saMyame sAvadhAnArthaM vAtapittazleSmAdidoSopazamanArthaM jJAnadhyAnAdisukhasiddhyarthaM yatstokaM bhujyate tadavamaudaryam / hRSIkamadanigrahArthaM nidrAvijayArthaM svAdhyAyAdisukhasiddhyarthaM rasasya ghRtAdeH parityAgaH rasaparityAgaH / " tattvArthavRtti 9 / 19

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 163 saMrakSaNAdi kI cintA se hama utane hI adhika mukta ho jAte haiN| ata: aparigraha ke nimitta se asAtAvedanIya evaM tIvrakaSAya ke udaya kA nirodha hotA hai, jisase vizuddhatA kA vikAsa nirbAdha calatA rahatA hai| AcArya amRtacandrajI ne kahA hai --- "yadyapi rAgAdibhAvarUpa hiMsA kI utpatti meM bAhya vastu kAraNa nahIM hai ( cAritramoha kA udaya kAraNa hai ), tathApi rAgAdipariNAma parigrahAdi ke nimitta se hI hote haiM, isa kAraNa pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi ke lie hiMsA ke nimittabhUta parigrahAdi kA tyAga karanA caahie|' ve Age kahate haiM - "mUrchA ( mamatvapariNAma ) ko Abhyantara parigraha kahate haiM, vaha bAhya parigraha ke nimitta se bhI utpanna hotI hai| ata: donoM prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga karanA caahie|"3 siddhAntAcArya paMDita kailAzacandra jI zAstrI likhate haiM -- "rAgadveSa dUra karane ke lie yA kama karane ke lie bAhya padArthoM kA bhI tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| svabhAva meM lIna hone ke lie krama se bAhya pravRtti ko rokanA hotA hai aura bAhya pravRtti ko rokane ke lie pravRtti ke viSayoM ko tyAganA hotA hai| ata: svabhAva meM lIna hone ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama avrata se vrata kI ora aayeN| jyoM-jyoM hama svabhAva meM lIna hote jAyeMge, pravRttirUpa vrataniyamAdi svata: chUTate jaayeNge| ___ saMklezapariNAmoM kA nirodha bhakti evaM svAdhyAya se bhI hotA hai, kintu unameM citta kI ekAgratA taba taka sambhava nahIM hai, jaba taka indriyoM kI bhogavRtti niyantrita nahIM ho jaatii| indriyoM ke nirantara uddIpana se pIr3ita citta, viSayoM kI ora hI bAra-bAra jAtA hai| aise citta kA bhakti meM ekAgra honA duSkara hai| isa avasthA meM svAdhyAya to aura bhI asambhava hai, kyoMki bhakti meM to kucha sarasatA bhI hotI hai, kintu svAdhyAya to ekadama nIrasa evaM kliSTa kArya hai| isIlie. Agama meM indriyoM kA bhogavyasana zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA nokarma arthAt bAhya nimitta kahA gayA hai| jo viSayoM meM lIna rahatA hai usakI ruci tattvacintana kI ora unmukha nahIM hotii| isalie 1. sUkSmApi na khalu hiMsA paravastunibandhanA bhavati puMsaH / hiMsAyatananivRttiH pariNAmavizuddhaye tadapi kAryA / / puruSArthasiddhyupAya/kArikA 49 2. "mUrchA tu mmtvprinnaamH|" vahI/kArikA, 111 3. puruSArthasiddhyupAya/kArikA 113, 118 4. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra/vizeSArtha/gAthA 342

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164 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana zrutajJAna na hone dene meM indriyoM kA bhogavyasana prabala bAhya nimitta hai|' bhakti kI manovaijJAnikatA indriyasaMyama dvArA indriyoM ke bhogavyasanarUpa nimitta ko dUra kara dene para bhI indriyaviSayoM ke darzana, cintana, smaraNa Adi ke nimitta se tIvrarAgAdi kI utpatti sambhava hai| ata: ina nimittoM ko TAlane ke lie paJcaparameSThI ke bhajanapUjana, guNakIrtana, caritazravaNa Adi zubha nimittoM kA avalambana atyanta Avazyaka hotA hai| maMgalamaya AtmAoM ke maMgalamaya guNoM ke cintana-smaraNa ke nimitta se tIvra kaSAyodaya ke nimitta Tala jAte haiM aura sattA meM sthita zubhAzubha karmoM kI sthiti aura azubha karmoM kA anubhAga hIna ho jAtA hai, jisase Age bhI mandakaSAya kA hI udaya hotA hai| paMDita ToDaramala jI likhate haiM - ___ "bhakti karane se kaSAya manda hotI hai| arahaMtAdi ke AkAra kA avalokana karanA, svarUpa kA vicAra karanA, vacana sunanA, nikaTavartI honA yA unake anusAra pravartana karanA ityAdi kArya tatkAla nimitta banakara rAgAdi ko hIna karate haiN|" jaise indriyaviSaya evaM asatpuruSoM kA saMsarga tIvra kaSAya ke udaya kA nimitta banatA hai, vaise hI paJcaparameSThIrUpa prazastaviSayoM ke darzanAdi mandakaSAyarUpa vizuddha pariNAmoM ke nimitta banate haiN| AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne batalAyA hai ki jinadeva, jinamandira, jinAgama, jinAgama ke dhAraka, samyak tapa aura samyak tapa ke dhAraka, ye chaha Ayatana samyaktva prakRti ke udaya ke nimitta haiM aura inase viparIta arthAt kudevAdi chaha Ayatana mithyAtva prakRti ke udaya ke nimitta haiN| bhakti kI upayogitA batalAte hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM - "bhaktirUpa prazastarAga kA avalambana puNyabandha kA sthUla lakSya rakhanevAle bhaktipradhAna ajJAnI ( mithyAdRSTi ) karate haiN| kabhI-kabhI anucita viSayoM meM rAgapravRtti rokane ke lie athavA tIvrakaSAyodaya kA nirodha karane hetu zuddhopayoga se cyuta jJAnI bhI karate haiN|" bhaktibhAva se bhare mana meM azubhabhAvoM ke lie avakAza kahA~ se mila sakatA hai? isa tathya kA nirUpaNa kavi rahIma ne bahuta hI sundara zabdoM meM kiyA hai - 1. gommaTasArakarmakANDa/gAthA 70 2. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/pR0 290 3. vahI/pR0 7 4. gommaTasArakarmakANDa/gAthA 74 5. paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 136

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 165 prItama chabi nayanana basai, para chabi kahA~ samAya / bharI sarAya rahIma lakhi, Apa pathika phira jAya / / - jina A~khoM meM apane ArAdhya kI chavi basI hotI hai, unameM kisI dUsare kI chavi kaise samA sakatI hai ? sarAya bharI dekhakara pathika apane Apa lauTa jAtA hai| isa prakAra tIvrakaSAyodayarUpa saMklezapariNAma ke nimittoM ko TAlane ke lie bhakti eka zaktizAlI upAya hai| svAdhyAya kI manovaijJAnikatA svAdhyAya bhI isakA eka uttama sAdhana hai| isake dvArA mana tattvoM ke gUr3ha cintana meM kho jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa vastusvabhAva ke cintana-manana se jo svaparatattva, hitAhita evaM heyopAdeya kA viveka hotA hai usake bala se cAritramoha kA tIvrodaya nahIM ho paataa| citta khAlI na rahane se usameM viSaya-vAsanAoM kA bhI praveza nahIM hotaa| bhakta kavi tulasIdAsa jI ne yaha tathya isa sUkti meM atyanta hRdayasparzI zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA hai - mana paMchI taba lagi uDai viSayavAsanA mA~hi / jJAna bAja kI jhapaTa meM jaba lagi AyA nA~hi / / paMDita ToDaramala jI kA kathana hai - "tattvanirNaya karate hue pariNAma vizuddha hote haiM, usase moha ke sthiti-anubhAga ghaTate haiN|" tattvacintanajanya AnandAnubhUti ke nimitta se asAtAvedanIya kA bhI udaya nahIM ho paataa| yadi usakA udayakAla A jAtA hai, to sAtAvedanIya meM saMkramita hokara sAtArUpa phala hI detA hai| isa taraha svAdhyAya bhI tIvrakaSAyodaya kA nirodhakara vizuddha pariNAmoM ke vikAsa kA zaktizAlI mAdhyama hai, kadAcit bhakti se bhI adhik| kSamA-samatA-ahiMsAdi bhAvoM kI manovaijJAnikatA . AtmA ke apane kSamA, samatA, dhairya, viveka, ahiMsA ( anukampA.) Adi bhAva bhI tIvrakaSAyodaya ke nimittoM ko niSprabhAvI banAne ke amogha sAdhana haiN| ___ 'cAritrasAra' meM kahA gayA hai - 'krodhotpattinimittAnAM sannidhAne'pi 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/pR0 112 2. sajjhAyaM kuvvaMto paMcindriyasaMvuDo tigutto ya / havadi ya eyaggamaNo viNaeNa samAhio bhikkhU / / mUlAcAra/gAthA 971

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166 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kAluSyAbhAvaH kSamA' arthAt krodha utpanna karanevAle nimittoM ke hone para bhI kAluSya ( kSobha ) kA abhAva honA kSamA hai| AcArya zubhacandra kA kathana hai - pratyanIke samutpanne yaddhairya taddhi zasyate / / syAtsarvo'pi janaH svastha: satyazaucakSamAspadaH / / 2 / / - svasthacittavAle to prAyaH sabhI satya, zauca, kSamAdi se yuktaM hote haiM, kintu zatru dvArA upasarga kiye jAne para dhairya rakhanA hI vAstavika dhairya hai| ye kathana isa tathya kI ora saMketa karate haiM ki jina nimittoM se krodhAdijanaka karmoM kA udaya hotA hai, ve yadi upasthita hoM, to bhI unake prabhAva ko naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura krodhAdi ke udaya ko rokA jA sakatA hai| nimittoM ke prabhAva ko naSTa karane kI zakti AtmA ke kSamA, samatA, dhairya, anukampA, Arjava, mArdava, viveka, ahiMsA-niSThA, satya-niSThA, asteya-niSThA, brahmacarya-niSThA, aparigraha-niSThA, Adi Adarza bhAvoM meM hai, jaisA ki jJAnArNavakAra AcArya zubhacandra ne kahA hai -- zamAmbubhiH krodhazikhI nivAryatAM, niyamyatAM mAnamudAramArdavaiH / iyaM ca mAyA''rjavata: pratikSaNaM, nirIhatAM cAzraya lobhazAntaye / / - krodhAgni ko kSamArUpI jala se zAnta karanA cAhie, mAna ko mArdava se dUra karanA cAhie, mAyA ko Arjava se tathA lobha ko niHspRhatA se nirasta karanA caahie| _svAmI kumAra kA bhI kathana hai - "jo sAdhu samabhAva aura santoSarUpI jala se tIvralobharUpI mala ko dhotA hai, usI ke zauca dharma hotA hai|" kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, samatA, dhairya Adi bhAva jJAna se utpanna hote haiN| AtmahitakArI hone se jJAnI AtmA kA inameM atyadhika AdarabhAva hotA hai, inameM usakI dRr3ha niSThA hotI hai| ina AdaraNIya bhAvoM meM sthita rahane kA hI vivekI jIva sadA abhyAsa karatA hai| ye usake jIvana ke priya lakSya hote haiN| isalie jaba bhI krodhAdi- karmoM ke udaya ke nimitta upasthita hote haiM, vaha kSamAdi bhAvoM meM sthira rahane ke lie dRr3ha ho jAtA hai aura krodhAdi ke nimittoM ko apane Upara hAvI nahIM 1. cAritrasAra/cAmuNDarAya/59/2 2. jJAnArNava 19/38 3. vahI, 19/72 4. samasaMtosajaleNa jo dhovadi tivvalohamalapuMjaM / bhoyaNagiddhivahINo tasya sauccaM have vimalaM / / kArtikeyAnuprekSA/gAthA 397

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 167 hone detaa| jaise koI use gAlI detA hai, to vaha gAlI se uttejita hone meM apanI hAni kA khyAla kara kSamAbhAva meM sthita ho jAtA hai aura gAlI se vicalita nahIM hotaa| isase gAlI niSprabhAva ho jAtI hai aura krodhakarma ke udaya kA nimitta nahIM bntii| isI prakAra asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya meM koI use patthara mAratA hai, to patthara kI pIr3A ko vaha jJAna ke bala se anArtabhAvapUrvaka saha letA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa ArtabhAva ke abhAva meM tIvrakaSAya kA udaya nahIM hotaa| isI taraha niHspRhatA lobha ke nimittoM ko, nirbhayatA bhaya ke nimittoM ko, mArdava mAna ke nimittoM ko, Arjava mAyA ke nimittoM ko, dayA yA ahiMsAniSThA hiMsA ke nimittoM ko, brahmacaryaniSThA kAma ke nimittoM ko, samyaktva zokAdi ke nimittoM ko prabhAvahIna banAkara ukta kaSAyoM ke udaya ko asambhava banAte haiN| karmodaya ke nimittoM ko zaktihIna banA dene vAle sAdhaka ko hI yogI aura zUra kahA gayA hai - guNAdhikatayA manye sa yogI guNinAM guruH / tannimitte'pi nAkSiptaM krodhAdyairyasya mAnasam / / ' - jisa muni kA mana krodhAdi ke nimitta milane para bhI krodhAdi se vikSipta nahIM hotA, vahI guNAdhikya ke kAraNa yogI aura guNIjanoM kA guru hai| jo Navi jAdi viyAraM taruNiyaNa-kaDakkhabANavito vi / so ceva sUrasUro raNasUro No have sUro / / -jo yuvatiyoM ke kaTAkSarUpI bANoM se bedhA jAne para bhI vikAra ko prApta nahIM hotA, vahI saccA zUra hai, raNazUra zUra nahIM hai| - karmodaya ke nimittoM ko niSprabhAvI banAkara hI tIvra krodhAdi ko rokA jA sakatA hai, karmodaya ho jAne para nahIM, kyoMki karma kA udaya hone para kaSAyAdirUpa phala kA anubhava hue binA nahIM rhtaa| phalAnubhava karAne kA nAma hI vipAka yA udaya hai, jaisA ki pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai - 'dravyAdinimittavazAt karmaNAM phlpraaptirudyH|3 gommaTasAra karmakANDa kI jIvatattvapradIpikA TIkA ( gAthA 264 ) meM kahA gayA hai - "svasvabhAvAbhivyaktirudayaH, svakAryaM kRtvA svarUpaparityAgo vaa|" 1. jJAnArNava 19/75 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA/gAthA 404 3. sarvArthasiddhi 2/1

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168 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana arthAt apane phaladAnarUpa svabhAva kI abhivyakti udaya kahalAtI hai athavA apanA phaladAnarUpa kArya kara karmasvarUpa kA parityAga udaya hai| isa prakAra karma svarUpa yA pararUpa se phala diye binA akarmabhAva ko prApta nahIM hotaa|' __ sAra yaha ki karmodaya hone para jIva ke pariNAma usa karma kI prakRti ke anusAra avazya ho jAte haiM, ata: cAritramoha kI krodhAdi prakRtiyoM kA tIvrodaya ho jAne para AtmA meM kAluSya ( kSobha, saMkleza ) utpanna ho hI jAyegA, taba kAluSyAbhAvarUpa kSamA kaise sambhava hogI? ata: niSkarSa yahI hai ki karmodaya ke nimittoM ko TAlakara' yA niSprabhAvI banAkara hI kAluSyAbhAvarUpa kSamA, mAnAbhAvarUpa mArdava, mAyA-abhAvarUpa Arjava, kAmAbhAvarUpa brahmacarya Adi phalita hote haiN| asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se utpanna duHkha ke samaya yadi samatAbhAva dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, to ArtabhAva utpanna nahIM hotaa| utpanna hue duHkha se dveSa honA tathA sukha kI AkAMkSA karanA ArtabhAva kahalAtA hai| duHkha se ghabarAne, vyAkula hone, vilApa Adi karane ke rUpa meM yaha dveSa vyakta hotA hai| isase navIna asAtAvedanIya kA bandha hotA hai| kintu samatAbhAva dhAraNa kara duHkha ko dhairyapUrvaka sahane se navIna karma kA bandha nahIM hotA aura udaya meM AyA huA karma phala dekara naSTa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra samatAbhAva se saMvarapUrvaka nirjarA hotI hai, jo mokSa ke lie upayogI hai| isa viSaya meM paM0 sadAsukhadAsa jI kA nimnalikhita vivecana paThanIya ___"bahuri yo manuSyazarIra hai so vAtapittakaphAdika-tridoSamaya hai| asAtAvedanIya karma ke udayateM, tridoSa kI ghaTatI-badhatInaiM jvara, kAMsa, svAsa, atisAra, udarazUla, zirazUla, netra kA vikAra, vAtAdi pIr3A hote ( hone para ) jJAnI aisA vicAra kare haiM - jo ye roga mere utpanna bhayA hai so yAkU asAtAvedanIya karma ko udaya to antaraMga kAraNa hai, ara dravyakSetrakAlAdika bahiraMga kAraNa haiN| so karma ke udayakU upazama huA ( karma ke udaya kA upazama hone para ) roga kA nAza hoygaa| asAtA kA prabala udayakU hote bAhya auSadhAdika hU~ roga meTane kU samartha nAhIM haiN| ara asAtAkarma ke harane kU koU deva-dAnava, maMtra-taMtra, auSadhAdika samartha haiM naahiiN| yAte aba saMklezakU chor3i samatA grahaNa krnaa| ara bAhya auSadhAdika haiM te asAtA 1. "Na ca kamma sagarUveNa parasarUveNa vA adattaphalamakammabhAvaM gacchadi, virohaado|" kasAyapAhuDa/jayadhavalA/pustaka 3/bhAga 22/prakaraNa 430/pR0 245 2. yatra yatra prasUyante tava krodhAdayo dviSaH / tattatprAgeva moktavyaM vastu tatsUtizAntaye / / jJAnArNava 19/73

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nizcaya-vyavahAra mokSamArgoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva / 169 ke manda udaya hote sahakArI kAraNa haiN| asAtA kA prabala udaya hote auSadhAdika bAhya kAraNa roga meTane kU samartha nAhIM hai| aisA vicAra asAtAkarma ke nAza kA kAraNa parama samatA dhAraNa kari saMklezarahita hoya sahanA, kAyara nAhIM honA so hI sAdhusamAdhi hai| bahuri iSTa kA viyoga hote ara aniSTa kA saMyoga hote jJAna kI dRr3hatA taiM jo bhaya ko prApta nAhIM honA so sAdhusamAdhi hai|" - 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI TIkA ke nimna zabda bhI paThanIya haiM - "bar3e-bar3e dhanvantari-sadRza vaidya, ilAja ke karanevAle, to hU karma ke udayakari AI rogajanita vedanA, tAhi dUra karane kU~ samartha naahiiN| .... tAteM dhairya dhAraNa kari apanA bA~dhyA karma kA phala samabhAva kari bhogo, tAteM tumAre navIna karma nAhIM hoya, ara pUrve bA~dhyA tinakI nirjarA hoy| udaya meM AyA karma kU~ jinendra, ahamindra, samasta indra, deva TArine | samartha nAhIM haiN| tAtai aroka ( aTala ) jAni asAtA kA udaya meM duHkha mati karo, duHkha karoge to adhika asAtA karma aura ba~dhegA, ara udaya to TaregA naahiiN| asAtAvedanIyAdika azubhakarma kU~ udaya AvatA samaya viSai jo vilApa karanA, rovanA, saMkleza karanA, dInatA bhAkhanA nirarthaka hai, duHkha meTane ko samartha naahiiN| kevala vartamAna kAla meM duHkha badhAvai ( bar3hAtA hai ), ara AgAne ( bhaviSya meM ) tiryaJcagati tathA naraka-nigoda kU~ kAraNa, aisA tIvrakarma bA~dhe, jo anantakAla hU~ meM na chuutte| .... tAteM karma ke RNa se chUTyA cAho to karma ke udaya meM AkulatA tyAgi paramadhairya dhAraNa kro|"2 isa prakAra kSamA, samatA, ahiMsA Adi bhAva tIvrakaSAyodaya ke nimittoM ko niSprabhAvI banAkara vizuddhatA kA vikAsa karate haiN| saMkSepa meM, saMyama aura tapa zarIra ko paradravyoM kI adhInatA se mukta kara use paradravyecchArUpa tIvrakaSAya ke udaya kA nimitta banane se rokate haiM, aparigraha, mUrchArUpa tIvrakaSAyodaya ke nimitta ko nirasta karatA hai, bhakti aura svAdhyAya viSayoM ke cintana-smaraNa Adi ke nirodha dvArA cAritramoha ke tIvrodaya para roka lagAte haiM tathA kSamA, samatA, dhairya, ahiMsAdi bhAva karmodaya ke nimittoM ko prabhAvahIna banAkara saMklezapariNAma kA pratIkAra karate haiN| isa praNAlI se vizuddhatA kA vikAsa kisa taraha hotA hai yaha bAta zrI jinendravarNI ke nimna vacanoM se acchI taraha spaSTa ho jAtI hai - ___ vyakti jyoM-jyoM hRdaya meM utaratA huA prema ( ahiMsAkSamAdibhAvoM ) tathA 1. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra/SaSTha-bhAvanA adhikAra/pR0 265 2. bhagavatIArAdhanA/gAthA 1619-1641

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170 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana samatA ke kSetra meM praveza karatA hai, tyoM-tyoM sattA meM par3e azubhakarma zubharUpa meM saMkramaNa karane lagate haiN| Age jAkara udaya meM AnevAle ye zubhakarma bhI apakarSaNa dvArA nIce khiMcakara samaya se pahale udaya meM Ane lagate haiN| vartamAna meM udaya meM Ane yogya azubha niSeka utkarSaNa dvArA pIche cale jAte haiM, arthAt vartamAna meM udaya meM nahIM aate| phalasvarUpa pariNAma kaI gune adhika vizuddha ho jAte haiN| ina vRddhiMgata vizuddha pariNAmoM ke nimitta se uparyukta saMkramaNa, apakarSaNa tathA utkarSaNa aura adhika vega tathA zakti ke sAtha hone lagate haiN| pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki vizuddhi meM anantagunI vRddhi hone lagatI hai| ina yuktiyoM aura pramANoM se siddha hai ki vyavahAramokSamArga vizuddhatA ke vikAsa kA zaktizAlI upakaraNa hai| vizuddhatA ko uttarottara vikasita karate hue vaha sAdhaka ko nizcayamokSamArga ke avalambana-yogya guNasthAna meM pahu~cA detA hai| ata: vaha nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka hai aura nizcayamokSamArga kA usakA saadhy| 1. karmasiddhAnta/pR0 145

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navama adhyAya sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI paraspara sApekSatA ko amAnya karanevAlA paNDitavarga nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM pUrvokta prakAra se kArya-kAraNAtmaka sAdhyasAdhakabhAva bhI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isaliye vaha mokSaprApti ke liye ekamAtra nizcayanaya ko hI upAdeya mAnatA hai, vyavahAranaya ko nhiiN|' kintu, cU~ki Agama meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva batalAyA gayA hai, isalie vaha isakA sarvathA apalApa bhI nahIM kara sakatA, pariNAmasvarUpa ukta paNDitajanoM ne sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI naI vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM jo atyanta bhrAntipUrNa, ayuktisaMgata evaM hAsyAspada haiN| ve kAryakAraNAtmaka sAdhyasAdhakabhAva ko amAnya karane ke nimnalikhita kAraNa batalAte haiM - (1) savikalpAvasthA ( zubhopayoga ) se nirvikalpAvasthA ( zuddhopayoga ) meM pahu~cAnA paradravyAzrita vyavahAradharma kA kArya nahIM hai|' ... (2) zubhopayoga bandha kA hI kAraNa hai| vaha Atmazuddhi meM tanika bhI sahAyaka nahIM hai| (3) nizcayadharma ke pUrva vyavahAradharma hotA hI nahIM hai| nizcayadharma ke Ane para vyavahAradharma apane Apa AtA hai| ata: vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kA avinAbhAvI hai, hetu nhiiN| (4) pahale kI gayI sAdhanA se vartamAna meM nizcayadharma kI prApti nahIM hotii| nimittanaimittika yoga eka kAla meM hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi zubhopayoga se turanta ( pratyakSarUpa se ) zuddhopayoga ho tabhI vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka kahalA sakatA hai| kintu aisA nahIM hotA, kyoMki donoM kI prakRti meM mahAn antara 1. (ka) jaina-tattvamImAMsA/pR0 254-258 (kha) mokSamArga prakaTa karane kA upAya : tattvanirNaya/pR0 27-28 2. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA/bhAga2/pR0 801 3. vahI/bhAga 2/pR0 780-781 4. vahI/bhAga 1/pR0 157 5. vahI/bhAga 2/pR0 551 6. vahI/bhAga 1/pR0 157

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172 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana hai| bhinna kAraNa se bhinna kArya utpanna nahIM hotaa| ata: vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| taba AcAryoM ne unameM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva kyoM kahA hai ? isake samAdhAna meM ukta vidvAna kahate haiM ki AcAryoM ne aisA isaliye kahA hai ki vyavahAradharma - (ka) nizcayadharma kA sahacara hai|' (kha) nizcayadharma meM bAdhaka nahIM hai|' (ga) nizcayadharma kA pUrvavartI hai|' (gha) nizcayadharma kA anumApaka hai|' vidvAnoM kI uparyukta mAnyatAe~ samIcIna nahIM haiM, yaha nimnalikhita yuktiyoM aura pramANoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai - vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kI sAmarthya kA janaka yaha ThIka hai ki vyavahAradharma savikalpAvasthA se nirvikalpAvasthA meM nahIM le jA sakatA aura vaha bandha kA hetu hai| kintu, yaha bhI satya hai ki nirvikalpAvasthA yA zuddhAtmA kA avalambana sahasA nahIM ho sktaa| usake liye sAmarthya kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha vyavahAradharma se AtI hai| kIcar3a meM sane huye zarIra kA usI avasthA meM zRMgAra sambhava nahIM hai| use pahale jala se sApha kara zRMgArayogya banAnA hogA, taba kahIM koI zRMgAra saphala ho sakatA hai| jo mana azubha vAsanAoM ke paMka se lipta hai, usakA ekadama vItarAgabhAva meM pahu~canA kaise sambhava hai ? zrI brahmadeva sUri ne spaSTa kahA hai - "gRhasthoM ke liye AhAradAna Adi hI parama dharma hai| ve samyaktvasahita usI dharma se paramparayA mokSa prApta karate haiN| yadi koI kahe ki vaha paramadharma kyoM hai ? to isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki gRhastha nirantara viSayakaSAyoM ke adhIna rahane ke kAraNa Arta-raudra dhyAna se grasta rahate haiN| ata: unake liye nizcayaratnatrayAtmaka zuddhopayogarUpa paramadharma sambhava nahIM hai|"5 1. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA/bhAga 1/pR0 129, pR0 145 2. vahI/bhAga 2/pRSTha 780 3. phira bhI svabhAvasanmukha hone ke pUrva azubha vikalpa na hokara niyama se zubhavikalpa hotA hI hai| isalie hI vyavahAranaya se vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka kahA hai| vahI/bhAga 2/pRSTha 589 4. vahI/bhAga 2/pRSTha 795 5. "gRhasthAnAmAhAradAnAdikameva paraMmadharmastenaiva samyaktvapUrveNa paramparayA mokSaM lbhnte|

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 173 dIpaka ko jalAne ke liye anukUla vAtAvaraNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| khule sthAna meM, jahA~ havA ke teja jhauMke A rahe hoM, vaha jala nahIM sktaa| nirvAta sthala meM hI jala pAtA hai| isI prakAra jisakA mana viSayakaSAyoM kI teja A~dhiyoM se kSabdha hai, usameM vItarAgabhAva kA dIpaka jalanA sambhava nahIM hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM, "jaise garbhagRha meM rakhA huA dIpaka havA kI bAdhA se rahita hone ke kAraNa jalatA hai, vaise hI rAgarUpI pavana kI bAdhA se rahita hone para hI dhyAnarUpI dIpaka jalatA hai| pUjyapAda svAmI kA bhI yahI mata hai| ve kahate haiM - "jisakA manarUpI jala rAgadveSAdi kI laharoM se caMcala nahIM hai, usI ko Atmatattva ke darzana hote haiN| jisakA citta rAgadveSAdi kI taraMgoM se kSubdha hai, use AtmA ke darzana nahIM ho paate|"2 isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki nirvikalpa samAdhirUpa nizcayadharma ke liye viSayakaSAyoM kI A~dhI se utpanna hone vAlI citta kI aticaMcalatA kA samApta honA aura usameM apekSAkRta sthairya AnA Avazyaka hai| yaha vrata, zIla, saMyamAdi vyavahAradharma se hotA hai| AcArya nemicandra kahate haiM - "tapa, zruta aura vrata kA dhAraka AtmA hI dhyAnarUpI ratha kI dhurA ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| ata: dhyAna kI prApti ke liye ina tInoM meM nirata honA caahiye|"3 paM0 ToDaramala jI bhI mAnate haiM ki bAhyatapa zuddhopayoga bar3hAne ke liye kiyA jAtA hai| vratoM se azubhabhAvoM ke nirodha aura zubhabhAvoM ke abhyAsa dvArA AtmA meM sthiratA kA saMskAra utpanna hotA hai| usase nirvikalpa samAdhiyogya avasthA kA nirmANa hotA hai, jise prApta kara sAdhaka zuddhAtmadhyAnarUpa nizcayadharma ke prayatna meM saphala hotA hai| avratoM ke tyAga aura vratoM meM pariniSThita hone se hI paramAtmapada kasmAt sa eva parama dharma iti cet ? nirantaraviSayakaSAyAdhInatayA ArtaraudradhyAnaratAnAM nizcayaratnatrayalakSaNasya zuddhopayogaparamadharmasyAvakAzo naastiiti|" paramAtmaprakAza/brahmadevaTIkA 2/111, 4 1. jaha dIvo gabbhahare mAruyabAhA-vivajjio jalai / / taha rAyAnilarahio jhANapaIvo vi pajjalaI / / bhAvapAhuDa/gAthA 122 2. rAgadveSAdikallolairalolaM yanmanojalam / / sa pazyatyAtmanastattvaM tattattvaM netaro janaH / / samAdhitantra/zloka 35 3. tavasudavadavaM cedA jhANarahadhuraMdharo have jamhA / / tamhA tattiyaNiradA talladdhIe sadA hoi / / bRhadrvyasaMgraha/gAthA 57 4. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/adhikAra 7/pR0 230 /

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174 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ( nirvikalpa samAdhi ) ko prApta karane kI bhUmikA nirmita hotI hai, usake binA nhiiN| avratoM meM rahakara nirvikalpa samAdhi meM nahIM pahu~cA jA sakatA / yadyapi vratoM meM sthira rahakara bhI nirvikalpa samAdhi prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI, tathApi yaha vizeSatA hai ki vratasAdhanA meM to nirvikalpa samAdhi kI bhUmikA nirmita hotI hai, kintu avratoM se kadApi nahIM / 1 vrata- tapazcaraNAdi se zuddhAtmabhAvanA kA sAmarthya AtA hai| yaha AcArya jayasena ke nimnalikhita kathana se pramANita hai "yastu zuddhAtmabhAvanAsAdhanArthaM bahiraGgavratatapazcaraNapUjAdikaM karoti sa paramparayA mokSaM labhate / " " ,,2 zuddhAtmabhAvanA kI sAdhanA ke liye bahiraMga vratatapazcaraNAdi kiye jAte haiN| / vratatapazcaraNAdi se sIdhe zuddhAtmabhAvanA kI siddhi nahIM hotI / ataH yahI tAtparya phalita hotA hai ki vratatapazcaraNAdi zuddhAtmabhAvanA kI sAdhanA karane yogya sAmarthya utpanna karate haiN| AcArya amRtacandra kA bhI mata hai ki mahAvratAdi cAritrAcAra tathA anazanAdi 'tapa AcAra' se zuddhAtma-prApti sambhava hotI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki zubhayoga meM sthita hone se azubhayoga chUTatA hai, phira zuddhopayoga meM sthita hone para zubhayoga kA nirodha hotA hai| * niSkarSa yaha ki zubhopayoga meM dRr3ha hone ke bAda hI zuddhopayoga sambhava hotA hai, azubhopayoga kI dazA meM nhiiN| paM0 ToDaramalajI kA kathana hai ki samyagdRSTi AtmA ko zubhopayoga hone para zuddhopayoga zIghra sambhava hotA hai|' ina kathanoM se spaSTa hai ki zubhopayoga se zuddhopayoga meM pahu~cane kI kSamatA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / jaise bI0 e0 uttIrNa ho jAne para vyakti meM ema0 e0 kI kakSA meM pahu~cane kI yogyatA A jAtI hai aura yadi vaha usameM praveza lenA cAhe to, use praveza zIghra mila sakatA hai, vaise hI samyagdRSTi meM zubhopayoga kI sthiti kA nirmANa ho jAne para zuddhopayoga kI 1. avratAni parityajya vrateSu pariniSThitaH / tyajettAnyapi samprApya paramaM padamAtmanaH / / samAdhitantra / zloka 84 2. samayasAra / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 146 3. "aho ! mokSamArgapravRttikAraNapaJcamahAvratalakSaNacAritrAcAra, na zuddhasyAtmanastvamasIti nizcayena jAnAmi tathApi tvAM tAvadAsIdAmi yAvattvatprasAdAt zuddhAtmAnamupalabhe / pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 3 / 2 4. suhajogassa pavittI saMvaraNaM kuNadi asuhajogassa / suhajogassa Niroho suddhuvajogeNa saMbhavadi / / bArasANuvekkhA / gAthA, 63 mokSamArgaprakAzaka/adhikAra 7 / pR0 256 5.

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 175 sAmarthya utpanna ho jAtI hai aura usa samaya yadi vaha zuddhopayoga kA prayatna kare, to zIghra ho sakatA hai| zubhopayoga zuddhopayoga kI kSamatA kA janaka isalie hai ki vaha zuddhopayoga ke prabalatama bAdhaka azubhopayoga kA nirodha karatA hai| ataH zubhopayoga zuddhopayoga kI kSamatA kA janaka hone se usakA sAdhaka hai| roga kI alpatA se roganivRtti sukara isameM sandeha nahIM ki zubhopayoga AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA nahIM hai, mandarAga kI avasthA hai| ata: jaise alparoga nIrogatA kA janaka nahIM hai, vaise hI mandarAga vItarAgatA kA janaka nahIM hai| kintu, jaise roga kI alpatA hone para roganivRtti susAdhya ho jAtI hai, vaise hI rAga kI mandatA hone para vItarAgatA susAdhya ho jAtI yaha pratyeka ke anubhava kI bAta hai ki adhika maile vastra kI apekSA kama maile vastra ko zIghra sApha kiyA jA sakatA hai, adhika ajJAnI kI apekSA kama ajJAnI ko saralatA se samajhAyA jA sakatA hai aura moTI ber3I kI apekSA patalI ber3I ko AsAnI se tor3A jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra mandarAga kI avasthA se vItarAgatA meM pahu~canA bhI sukara ho jAtA hai| isa rIti se vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma ke sAmarthya kA janaka hai, ata: donoM meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva hai| grahaNa aura tyAga donoM Avazyaka uparyukta tathya ke prakAza meM yaha nirvivAda hai ki zubhopayoga karate-karate hI zuddhopayoga nahIM hotaa| yadi aisA ho, to azubhopayoga karate-karate hI zubhopayoga hone kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| donoM kI prakRti sarvathA bhinna-bhinna hai| bhinna kAraNa se bhinna kArya utpanna nahIM hotaa| zuddhopayoga ke upAdAna se hI zuddhopayoga utpanna ho sakatA hai| ata: zuddhopayoga ke liye zubhopayoga chor3anA Avazyaka hai| kintu, chor3ane ke pahale grahaNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki usase zuddhopayoga kA avalambana karane kI kSamatA AtI hai| jahA~ yaha satya hai ki nicalI kakSA ko chor3e binA U~cI kakSA meM praveza nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, vahA~ yaha bhI satya hai ki nimna kakSA ke pAThyakrama ko uttIrNa kiye binA ucca kakSA meM praveza kI pAtratA nahIM aatii| isI prakAra jahA~ yaha satya hai ki zubhopayoga ko chor3e binA zuddhopayoga kA avalambana sambhava nahIM hai, vahA~ yaha bhI satya hai ki zubhopayoga kI avasthA prApta kiye binA zuddhopayoga ke avalambana kI kSamatA AnA sambhava nahIM hai| grahaNa karanA aura chor3anA donoM Avazyaka haiN| gantavya taka pahu~cane ke liye 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/adhikAra 7/pR0 256

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176 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jaMkzana para hameM eka relagAr3I ko chor3anA aura dUsarI ko pakar3anA Avazyaka hotA hai, kintu jisa gAr3I ko chor3akara dUsarI gAr3I pakar3ate haiM, use yadi pahale na pakar3A jAya, to dUsarI gAr3I taka pahu~canA hI sambhava na ho paaegaa| isI prakAra zuddhopayoga meM Ane ke liye zubhopayoga ko chor3anA hotA hai, kintu usake pahale yadi zubhopayoga kA avalambana na kiyA jAya, to zuddhopayoga meM Ane kI kSamatA hI utpanna na ho paayegii| isa prakAra zubhopayogarUpa vyavahAramokSamArga jIva ko zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayamokSamArga ke nikaTa pahu~cAnevAlA sAdhana hai, jisase unameM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva siddha hotA hai aura sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva se parasparasApekSatA phalita hotI hai| vyavahAradharma AMzika zuddhi kA hetu pUrvokta vidvAnoM kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai ki zubha pariNAma AMzika zuddhi kA bhI kAraNa nahIM hai / ' zubha pariNAma ke dvArA vyakti pApa se nivRtta hotA 1 aura puNyabandha karatA hai| isase pAparUpI azuddhatA naSTa ho jAne se AMzika zuddhatA utpanna hotI hai| yadi pApa azuddhatA hai to usake haTane se AMzika zuddhatA kaise utpanna nahIM hogI ? viSayAnurAga kI nivRtti se AMzika zuddhatA AtI hai| vastra kA AdhA maila dhula jAne para kyA vaha AdhA svaccha nahIM ho jAtA ? AdhA roga kama ho jAne para kyA AdhI nIrogatA nahIM AtI ? azubha aura zubha ye do hI azuddhatAyeM to AtmA meM haiN| kyA azuddhatA kA eka aMza kama hone se AMzika zuddhatA kA AvirbhAva nahIM hotA ? 2 zrI brahmadeva sUri kA kathana hai ki zubhopayoga se pApAsrava kA saMvara hotA haiN| paM0 ToDaramala jI kA bhI mata hai ki zubhapravRtti se vairAgyabhAva kI vRddhi hotI hai, jisase kAmAdi vAsanAe~ kSINa hotI haiM aura kSudhA, pipAsA Adi meM bhI alpa kleza hotA hai| isaliye zubhopayoga kA abhyAsa karanA caahiye| paMDita jI ne spaSTa kahA hai ki tattvacintana ( jo ki zubhopayoga hai ) se pariNAma vizuddha hote haiM aura samyaktvaprApti kA mArga prazasta hotA hai / * 1. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA / bhAga 2 / pR0 780 2. "nizcayaratnatrayasAdhaka- vyavahAraratnatrayarUpasya zubhopayogasya pratipAdakAni yAni vAkyAni tAni pApAtravasaMvarakAraNAni jJAtavyAni / " bRhadravyasaMgraha / brahmadevaTIkA / gAthA 35 3 mokSamArgaprakAzaka / adhikAra 7 / pR0 205 4 " (tattva) nirNaya kA puruSArtha kare to bhrama kA kAraNa jo mohakarma, usake bhI upazamAdika hoM, taba bhrama dUra ho jAye, kyoMki nirNaya karate huye pariNAmoM kI vizuddhatA hotI hai, usase moha ke sthiti - anubhAga ghaTate haiN| " mokSamArgaprakAzaka/adhikAra 7 / pR0 312

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 177 zrI amRtacandra sUri ne kahA hai ki jaise rajaka jala, zilAtala Adi bhinna sAdhanoM se vastra ko sApha karatA hai usI prakAra svAtmA se bhinna jIvAdi tattvoM ke zraddhAna, jJAna aura vratAdi-sAdhanA se AtmA kA saMskAra hotA hai aura kramaza: vizuddhi AtI hai| ve anyatra bhI kahate haiM ki yadyapi pazcAcAra AtmA ke svabhAva nahIM haiM tathApi unake dvArA paramparayA zuddhAtmA kI upalabdhi hotI hai|' paM0 AzAdhara jI kA bhI mata hai ki nizcayadharma meM anurAga ke kAraNa jo kriyA utpanna hotI hai, vaha abhyudaya kA hetu hone se dharma hai| usase naye pApa kA nirodha aura purAne kA vinAza hotA hai| yaha to nirvivAda hai ki sAta tattvoM ke cintana, jinabimbadarzana, satsaMga, anukampA Adi se pariNAmoM meM jo nirmalatA AtI hai vaha mithyAtvAdi sapta prakRtiyoM ke upazamAdi aura samyagdarzana kI prApti meM hetu banatI hai| ina saba pramANoM aura yuktiyoM se spaSTa hai ki zubhapariNAmoM se AtmA meM AMzika zuddhi AtI hai aura yata: zubhapariNAma AtmA kI AMzika zuddhi ke hetu haiM, ata: siddha hotA hai ki vyavahAramokSamArga nizcayamokSamArga kA paramparayA sAdhaka hai, phalasvarUpa unameM parasparasApekSatA hai| samyagdRSTi ke zubhopayoga meM dharma kA aMza AcAryoM ne samyagdRSTi ke zubhopayoga ko paramparayA mokSa kA sAdhaka kahA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki samyagdRSTi ke zubhopayoga aura mithyAdRSTi ke zubhopayoga meM antara hai| antara yaha hai ki prathama vairAgyabhAvayukta ( Asaktirahita ) hotA hai aura dvitIya rAgabhAvayukta ( Asaktisahita ) / ata: samyagdRSTi ke zubhopayoga meM vairAgyabhAvarUpa zuddhatA yA dharma kA aMza hotA hai| kintu, nizcaya-mokSamArga aura vyavahAra-mokSamArga meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva kA niSedha karane ke liye pUrvokta vidvAna ise svIkAra nahIM krte| ve mAnate haiM ki samyaktvasahita zubhopayoga meM zuddhatA kA aMza nahIM hai| jo usameM zuddhatA kA aMza mAnate haiM, unakI mAnyatA ko bhrAnta siddha karate huye ve kahate haiM - "aparapakSa ne samyagdarzanarUpa zuddhabhAva aura kaSAyarUpa ( zubharAgarUpa ) 1. paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikA/gAthA 172 2. pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 3/2 3. nirundhati navaM pApamupAttaM kSapayatyapi / dharme'nurAgAdyatkarma sa dharmo'bhyudayapradaH / / anagAradharmAmRta 1/24 4. pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti 3/55

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178 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana azuddhabhAva ina donoM zuddhAzuddhabhAvoM ke mizritarUpa upayoga ko zubhopayoga likhA hai, kintu usa pakSa kA yaha likhanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki samyagdarzana zraddhA kI svabhAvaparyAya hai aura rAga cAritraguNa kI vibhaavpryaay| ina donoM kA mizraNa bana hI nahIM sktaa|' kintu samyaktvasahita zubhopayoga ke ukta lakSaNa ko bhrAnta siddha karanevAle kathita vidvAnoM ne samyagdarzanarUpa zuddhabhAva ke tAtparya ko hRdayaMgama nahIM kiyA, ata: unakA uparyukta mata samIcIna nahIM hai| zubhopayoga ke sandarbha meM samyagdarzanarUpa zuddhabhAva se tAtparya usa AMzika vItarAgatva se hai jo anantAnubandhI kaSAyacatuSka ke upazamAdi se prakaTa hotA hai aura jisa para samyagdarzana kI abhivyakti avalambita hotI hai| usake binA samyagdarzana sambhava nahIM hai, ata: usake sAtha samyagdarzana kA avinAbhAvasambandha hai|' phalasvarUpa samyagdarzanarUpa zuddhabhAva se vahI AMzika vItarAgabhAva vivakSita hai| vaha cAritraguNa kI paryAya hai| usake sAtha usa azuddha bhAva ( zubharAga ) ke mizraNa meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai jo anya avaziSTa kaSAyoM ke udaya se utpanna hotA hai| isI apekSA se yaha kathana saMgata hai ki samyagdarzanarUpa zuddhabhAva aura kaSAyarUpa azuddhabhAva ina donoM kA mizrita upayoga zubhopayoga hai| isI ko dRSTi meM rakhakara AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai - "sAdhaka jitane aMza meM samyagdRSTi hai, utane aMza meM use karmabandha nahIM hotA, jitane aMza meM rAga hai, utane aMza meM karmabandha hotA hai|"3 samyagdarzana kA avinAbhAvI vItarAgabhAva hI mokSa kI dRSTi se pradhAna hai| isakA lakSaNa hai saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM ke prati vairaagybhaav| isake hone para samyagdRSTi ko karmodaya ke nimitta se jo viSayabhoga prApta hotA hai tathA apratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi kaSAyoM ke udaya se vaha jo zubharAga karatA hai, donoM bhogAkAMkSA se rahita hote haiM, ata: samyagdRSTi ko dIrgha saMsAra kA bandha nahIM hotaa| isa vairAgyabhAva ( samabhAva ) ko hI AcArya kundakunda ne dharma kahA hai| 1. (ka) jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 797 (kha) vahI, 2/746 2. "anantAnubandhikrodhamAnamAyAlobhamithyAtvodayajanitA rAgadveSamohAH samyagdRSTerna snti|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 177 3. yenAMzena sudRSTistenAMzenAsya bandhanaM nAsti / yenAMzena tu rAgastenAMzenAsya bandhanaM bhavati / / puruSArthasiddhayupAya/kArikA 212 4. "virAgasyopabhogo nirjarAyai ev|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 193 5. "dhammo jo so samo tti nniddittttho|" pravacanasAra 1/7

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 179 samyagdarzana isakA avinAbhAvI hai, ataH samyagdarzana ko dharma kA mUla kahane se vairAgyabhAva dharma kA mUla siddha hotA hai| ise unhoMne samyaktvAcaraNacAritra kI bhI saMjJA dI hai aura mokSa kA hetu batalAyA hai| isake hone para jIva zubhopayogI bhI ho sakatA hai, zuddhopayogI bhI / isIliye unhoMne kahA hai 2 dharmeNa pariNadappA appA jadi suddhasaMpayogajudo / pAvadi NivvANasuhaM suhovajutto va saggasuhaM / / dharmapariNata AtmA yadi zuddhopayogayukta hotA hai, to nirvANasukha prApta karatA hai, yadi zubhopayogayukta hotA hai, to svargasukha pAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki samyagdRSTi AtmA zubhopayoga kI avasthA meM bhI dharmapariNata hotA hai| AcArya amRtacandra kA bhI kathana hai ki zubhopayoga kA dharma ke sAtha ekArthasamavAya hai| vastutaH jaba samyagdRSTi kA viSayabhoga bhI vairAgyabhAvayukta ho sakatA hai, taba zubhopayAga kaise nahIM ho sakatA ? ataH yaha nirvivAda hai ki samyagdRSTi ke zubhopayoga meM anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM ke upazamAdi se utpanna AMzika zuddhabhAva evaM apratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi kaSAyoM ke udaya se utpanna azuddhabhAva kA mizraNa hotA hai| isI kAraNa samyagdRSTi ke zubhopayoga kI prakRti mithyAdRSTi tathA samyaktvasanmukha mithyAdRSTi ke zubhopayoga se bhinna hotI hai aura isI kAraNa vaha azubhopayoga ke nirodha dvArA AMzika zuddhi utpanna karate hue zuddhopayoga kI bhUmikA kA nirmANa karatA hai tathA saMsArasthiti kA cheda karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha paramparayA mokSa kA sAdhaka banatA hai / ataH nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM paraspara sApekSatA hai| * mAtra puNyabandha nahIM, paramparayA mokSa bhI 5 carcita vidvAnoM kA yaha kathana bhI nitAnta ekAntavAdI hai ki zubhapariNAma mAtra bandha kA kAraNa hone se mokSamArga meM heya hai / " bhagavAn kundakunda ne spaSTa kahA hai ki zubhopayoga pAtra ke anusAra phala detA hai| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya 6 1. "daMsaNamUlo dhammo / " daMsaNapAhuDa/gAthA 2 2. pravacanasAra 1/11 3. " asti tAvacchubhopayogasya dharmeNa sahaikArthasamavAyaH / pravacanasAra/tattvapradIpikAvRtti, 3/45 saMsArasthitivicchedakAraNaM viSayakaSAyotpannadurdhyAnavinAzahetubhUtaM ca parameSThisambandhiguNasmaraNadAnapUjAdikaM kuryuriti / " paramAtmaprakAza / brahmadevaTIkA, 2/61 5. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA / bhAga 2 / pR0 780 6. rAgo pasatthabhUdo vatthaviseseNa phaladi vivarIdaM / NANAbhUmigadANiha bIjANiva sassakAlamhi / / pravacanasAra 3 / 55 4. - (6....

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180 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jayasena kahate haiM - ___"jaise jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa bhUmi ke anusAra eka hI prakAra ke bIja bhinna-bhinna phala dete haiM, vaise eka hI zubhopayoga sAdhaka kI bhUmikA ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna phala detA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga hotA hai, taba mukhyarUpa se to puNbandha hotA hai aura paramparayA nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| yadi zubhopayoga samyaktvasahita nahIM hotA, to puNyabandhamAtra hotA hai|' bhagavAn kundakunda ne zubhopayoga ko gRhasthoM ke liye utkRSTacaryA tathA nirvANasukha kA paramparayA hetu batalAyA hai| yaha nirvANasukha kA paramparayA hetu kisa prakAra hai isakA dRSTAnta dvArA nirUpaNa karate hue amRtacandra sUri kahate haiM - "gRhasthoM meM samasta virati kA abhAva hone se zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti nahIM hotI, kaSAya ke sadbhAva se zubhopayoga kI pravRtti hotI hai| tathApi jaise IMdhana sphaTika ke samparka se sUrya ke teja ko grahaNa kara letA hai, vaise hI prazastarAga ke saMyoga se sAdhaka bhI kramazaH zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti taka pahu~ca jAtA hai aura paramparayA nirvANa sukha prApta karatA hai| ata: gRhasthoM meM zubhopayoga kI mukhyatA hai|' prazastarAga ( zubhopayoga ) ke dvArA gRhastha zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti taka kaise pahu~ca jAtA hai, isakA vivecana pUrva meM "vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kI sAmarthya kA janaka' zIrSaka ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai| samyagdRSTi AtmA zubhopayoga kA avalambana sAMsArika sukhoM kI vAMchA se nahIM karatA, apitu zuddhAtmAnurAga se karatA hai| isIliye usake anIhita puNyAsrava hotA hai, jo alpalepa ( alpakarmabandha ) kA hetu hai aura isa kAraNa vaha saMsAra1. "yathA jaghanyamadhyamotkRSTabhUmivazena tAnyeva bIjAni bhinnabhinnaphalaM prayacchanti tathA sa eva bIjasthAnIyazubhopayogo bhUmisthAnIya-pAtrabhUtavastuvizeSeNa bhinnabhinnaphalaM ddaati| tena kiM siddham ? yadA pUrvasUtrakathitanyAyena samyaktvapUrvakaH zubhopayogo bhavati tadA mukhyavRttyA puNyabandho bhavati paramparayA nirvANaM ca, nocetpunnybndhmaatrmev|" pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti 3/55 2. esA pasatthabhUdA samaNANaM vA puNo dharatthANaM / / cariyA pare tti bhaNidA tA eva paraM lahadi sokkhaM / / vahI, 3/54 3. "gRhiNAM tu samastaviraterabhAvena zuddhAtmaprakAzanasyAbhAvAt kaSAyasadbhAvAt pravarta mAno'pi sphaTikasamparkeNArkatejasa ivaidhasA rAgasaMyogena zuddhAtmano'nubhavAt kramata: paramanirvANa-saukhyakAraNatvAcca mukhyH|" vahI/tattvapradIpikA 3/54 4. joNhANaM NiravekkhaM sAgAraNagAracariyajuttANaM / aNukaMpayovayAraM kuvvadu levo jadi vi appo / / vahI, 3/51

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 181 sthiti kA chedaka hai| zrImaddevasena kA mata hai ki " samyagdRSTi kA puNya niyama se saMsAra kA kAraNa nahIM hotA, apitu paramparA se mokSa kA hetu hotA hai, kyoMki vaha puNya nidAnapUrvaka ( bhogAkAMkSApUrvaka ) nahIM kiyA jAtA / " 2 paramparA do prakAra kI hotI hai - eka to vyavahAraratnatraya dvArA guNasthAnoM meM kramaza: unnati karate hue usI bhava meM mokSa prApta karanA, dUsarI vartamAna bhava meM kiye gaye utkRSTa puNyoM ke phalasvarUpa agale bhava meM mokSa ke anukUla paristhitiyA~ prAptakara mokSa pAnA / bhavAntara meM mokSa prApti kisa prakAra hotI hai, isakA varNana AcArya jayasena ne paJcAstikAya gAthA 170 kI TIkA meM vistAra se kiyA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki samyaktvasahita zubhopayoga mAtra bandha kA kAraNa nahIM hai| usake donoM pakSa haiN| usase azubharAga kI nivRtti dvArA Atmavizuddhi hotI hai, jisase zuddhAtmabhAva meM sthita hone yogya kSamatA prApta hotI hai tathA puNyabandha bhI hotA hai, kintu aisA puNyabandha hotA hai jo saMsArasthiti kA chedaka hai aura agale bhavoM meM mukti kI sAdhanAyogya paristhitiyA~ juTAtA hai| isa prakAra samyaktvasahita zubhopayoga ke paramparayA mokSasAdhaka hone se nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAvarUpa parasparasApekSatA hai| nizcayadharma ke pUrva bhI vyavahAradharma 4 ukta vidvAnoM kA yaha kathana bhI Agamasammata nahIM hai ki nizcayadharma ke pUrva vyavahAradharma hotA hI nhiiN| jaba vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kA hetu hai, to usake pUrva to hogA hI / aisI to kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI ki pahale sAdhaka AtmadhyAna 1. paramAtmaprakAza / brahmadevaTIkA 2 / 61 2. sammAdiTThIpuNNaM Na hoi saMsArakAraNaM NiyamA / mokkhasya hoI heuM jai vi NidANaM Na so kuNai || bhAvasaMgraha / gAthA 404 3. (ka) sA khalu duvihA bhaNiyA paraMparA jiNavarehi savvehiM / tabbhavaguNaThANe vihu bhavaMtare hodi siddhiparA / / dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra / gAthA 341 para uddhRta (kha) " yaH ko'pi zuddhAtmAnamupAdeyaM kRtvA AgamabhASayA mokSaM vA, vratatapazcaraNAdikaM karoti sa nidAnarahitapariNAmena samyagdRSTirbhavati, tasya tu saMhananazaktyAbhAvAcchuddhAtmasvarUpe sthAtumazakyatvAd vartamAnabhave puNyabandha eva, bhAvAntare paramAtmabhAvanAsthiratve sati niyamena mokSo bhavati / / " tu paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 171 4. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA / bhAga 1 / pR0 157

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182 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana meM lIna ho jAya, bAda meM 'AtmA hai kyA vastu' isakA jJAna kare, pahale nirvikalpa samAdhi meM pahu~ca jAya, tatpazcAt vahA~ taka pahu~cane ke bAhya upAyoM kA avalambana kare, pahale vItarAgI ho jAya phira vItarAgatA meM bAdhaka azubharAga ko dUra karane hetu zubharAga kare | kyA kabhI aisA hotA hai ki rogI pahale nIroga ho jAya tadanantara oSadhi kA sevana kare ? nizcayadharma ke pUrva vyavahAradharma na mAnanA aisI hI kalpanA hai| 1 carcita vidvajjanoM kA yaha mata samIcIna nahIM hai ki nizcayadharma ke sAtha hone vAlI puNyapariNatirUpa bAhyakriyA ko hI Agama meM vyavahAradharma kahA gayA hai / ' Agama meM to nizcayadharma kI siddhi meM sahAyaka banane vAlI sAdhanA ko vyavahAradharma saMjJA dI gayI hai| yaha AcArya jayasena ke nimnalikhita vacanoM se spaSTa hai . - " ekAdazAMga zabdAgama kA abhyAsa jJAna kA Azraya hone se vyavahAranaya se jJAna hai / jIvAdi nava padArthoM kA zraddhAna samyaktva kA nimitta hone se vyavahAranaya se samyaktva hai / SaTkAyika jIvoM kI rakSA cAritra kA Azraya hone se vyavahAranaya se cAritra hai / "" paM0 ToDaramala jI ne bhI spaSTarUpa se kahA hai ki AgamajJAna, jIvAditattvoM kA zraddhAna tathA vratAdi kriyAe~ tabhI vyavahAraratnatraya kahalA sakatI haiM jaba ve nizcayaratnatraya kI siddhi meM hetu baneM / ' 3 nizcayadharma ke sAtha hone vAlI puNyapariNatirUpa bAhyakriyA ko Agama meM vyavahAradharma isaliye kahA gayA hai ki vaha zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayadharma kI sAdhaka hai| * yahA~ yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki nizcayadharma do prakAra kA hotA hai labdhi 4 1. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA / bhAga 1 / pR0 157 2. "ekAdazAGgazabdazAstraM jJAnasyAzrayatvAt kAraNatvAd vyavahAreNa jJAnaM bhavati / jIvAdinavapadArthaH zraddhAnaviSayaH samyaktvAzrayatvAnnimittatvAd, vyavahAreNa sakyaktvaM bhavati / SaTjIvanikAyarakSA cAritrAzrayatvAdhetutvAd vyavahAreNa cAritraM bhavati / " samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 276 3. " vyavahAra to upacAra kA nAma hai, so upacAra bhI to taba banatA hai jaba ve ( AgamajJAnAdi ) satyabhUta nizcayaratnatraya ke kAraNAdika hoN| jisa prakAra nizcayaratnatraya sa jAye usI prakAra inheM sAdhe to vyavahArapanA bhI sambhava ho / parantu ise to satyabhUta nizcayaratnatraya kI pahacAna hI nahIM huI, to yaha isa prakAra kaise sAdha sakegA ? " mokSamArgaprakAzaka/adhikAra 7 / pR0 257 4. "zuddhopayogasAdhake zubhopayoge sthitAnAM tpodhnaanaam|" pravacanasAra/ tAtparyavRtti 3 / 47

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 183 2 3 rUpa' aura upayogarUpa / anantAnubandhI Adi kaSAyacatuSkoM ke upazamAdi se prakaTa honevAlA AMzika vItarAgabhAva labdhirUpa nizcayadharma hai tathA mokSaprApti ke liye prayatnapUrvaka kiyA jAnevAlA zuddhopayoga (nirvikalpa samAdhi ) upayogarUpa nizcayadharma hai| puNyapariNatirUpa bAhya kriyA zuddhopayoga kI avasthA meM nahIM hotI, kyoMki donoM meM paraspara virodha hai| vaha labdhirUpa nizcayadharma kI avasthA meM, jaba zuddhopayoga sambhava nahIM hotA, taba hotI hai / vratAdi dhAraNa karane kA sAmarthya labdhirUpa nizcayadharma se hI AtA hai| ataH puNyapariNatirUpa bAhyakriyA usI se phalita hotI hai aura usI ke sAtha usakA ( puNyapariNatirUpa bAhya kriyA kA ) sAhacarya hotA hai aura usake sAtha hone para hI vaha samyak hotI hai| isI dRSTi se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'pariNAma sudharane para bAhya kriyA sudharatI hI hai / " athavA nizcaya ke sAtha vyavahAra aparihArya hai / antastala meM bhAvanA hone para bAhya vyavahAra meM avatarita huye binA nahIM raha sakatI / aura isI tathya ke AdhAra para paM0 ToDaramala jI ne yaha kahA hai ki nizcayadharma ke prakaTa hue binA jo vratAdidhAraNa kiye jAte haiM ve saphala nahIM hote / ataH jitane aMza meM vItarAgatA AI ho utane hI aMza meM vratAdi grahaNa karanA caahie|' labdhirUpa nizcayadharma se phalita hone vAlI yaha puNyapariNatirUpa bAhyakriyA zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayadharma kI siddhi meM sahAyaka hotI hai, jo ki mokSa kA sAdhana hai| isI uddezya se usakA buddhipUrvaka avalambana kiyA jAtA hai| isIliye Agama meM use vyavahAradharma kahA gayA hai| 5 labdhirUpa nizcayadharma caturtha guNasthAna se Arambha hotA hai| usa Arambhika nizcayadharma kI siddhi meM jo sAdhanA sahAyaka hotI hai, use bhI Agama meM vyavahAradharma 1. jaise jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se prakaTa hone vAle jJAna ko labdhirUpajJAna kahA gayA hai, vaise hI yahA~ anantAnubandhI Adi kaSAyoM ke upazamAdi se prakaTa hone vAle AMzika vItarAgabhAva ke lie 'labdhi' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 2. "nirvikalpasamAdhikAle vratAvratasya svayameva prastAvo nAsti / " samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 154 3. vahI, gAthA 177-178 4. rAgAdikSayatAratamyavikasacchuddhAtmasaMvitsukha svAdAtmasvabahirbahistrasavadhAdyaMhovyapohAtmasu / sadgdarzanikAdidezaviratisthAneSu caikAdaza svekaM yaH zrayate yativrataratastaM zradadhe zrAvakam / / sAgAradharmAmRta 1/16 5. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / adhikAra 8/ pR0 279 6. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra/prastavanA / pR0 41 7. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / adhikAra 7 / pR0 238-240

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184 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| isa prakAra kI sAdhanA ukta nizcayadharma kI pUrvavartI hI ho sakatI hai, sahavartI nahIM, kyoMki usa samaya usakI ( labdhirUpa nizcayadharma kI ) abhivyakti hI nahIM huI hotI hai| aisA hote hue bhI vaha usakI sAdhaka hotI hai, ata: vyavahAradharma kahalAtI hai| paM0 ToDaramala jI ke pUrvodadhRta vacanoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki kisI bhI sAdhanA ko vyavahAra-dharma kahalAne ke liye nizcayadharma kA sahavartI honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, apitu usakA isa prakAra sampAdana Avazyaka hai ki vaha nizcayadharma kI siddhi meM sahAyaka bana ske| hA~, usake liye nizcayadharma kI pahacAna anivArya hai, anyathA ukta prakAra se sampAdana sambhava nahIM haiN|' jaba gantavya kA hI bodha na ho to usa dizA meM gamana kaise ho sakatA hai ? AcArya kundakunda ne aparabhAva meM sthita jIvoM ko vyavahAranaya dvArA upadezya batalAyA hai tathA AcArya amRtacandra ne prAthamika sAdhakoM ke liye ( jo ki mithyAdRSTi hote haiM ) jo sukhapUrvaka tIrthAvataraNa meM sahAyaka hotA hai usa bhinnasAdhyasAdhanabhAva ko vyavahAramokSamArga zabda se abhihita kiyA hai aura paM0 jayacandra jI ne samyagdarzana ( jo labdhirUpa nizcayadharma kA avinAbhAvI hai ) kI prApti ke liye jinavacanoM ke zravaNa, jinabimbadarzana, jinaguru kI bhakti, satsaMga Adi ko Avazyaka batalAyA hai aura use vyavahAramArga kahA hai| ina ArSa pramANoM se siddha hai ki labdhirUpa nizcayadharma ke pUrva kI vaha sampUrNa sAdhanA jo ukta nizcayadharma kI prApti meM sahAyaka hotI hai, vyavahAradharma kahalAtI hai| ata: nizcayadharma ke pUrva bhI vyavahAradharma hotA hai| yaha satya hai ki jisa guNasthAna kA labdhirUpa nizcayadharma prakaTa na huA ho, usa guNasthAna kA bAhyadharma dhAraNa karanA nirarthaka haiN| use vyavahAradharma nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki yaha zuddhopayoga kA sAdhaka nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye Agama meM bhAvaliMga ( labdhirUpa nizcayadharma ) prakaTa huye binA jo aTThAIsa mUlaguNarUpa dravyaliMga ( bAhyadharma ) dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usakI nindA kI gayI hai, kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki caturtha guNasthAna ke pUrva kI sAdhanA ( jinavacanazravaNa, 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/adhikAra 7/pR0 257 2. (ka) samayasAra, gAthA 12 (kha) jaina adhyAtma meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha stara mAne gaye haiM, unheM guNasthAna kahate haiN| kSullaka jinendravarNI ne prathama sAta guNasthAnoM ko aparamabhAva kahA hai| jainendrasiddhAntakoza/bhAga 2/pR0 564 3. paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikA/gAthA 172 4. samayasAra/bhAvArtha/gAthA 12 -

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 185 jinabimbadarzana Adi ) jo usa guNasthAna kI prApti meM sahAyaka hotI hai, nindanIya hai yA vyavahAradharma nahIM kahalA sktii| paM0 ToDaramalajI ke pUrvoddhRta vacanoM se spaSTa hai ki yadi usa sAdhanA ko isa prakAra sAdhA jAya ki vaha caturtha guNasthAna yA samyagdarzana kI prApti meM hetu bana sake, to vaha avazya hI vyavahAradharma saMjJA kI pAtra hogii| pUrvanirdiSTa vidvajjana yaha to mAnate haiM ki caturthaguNasthAna ke labdhirUpa nizcayadharma ke pUrva zubhakriyA ( zubhopayoga ) anivAryataH hotI hai, kyoMki unheM yaha svIkArya hai ki nizcayadharma isI krama se prakaTa hotA hai, kintu unakA kahanA hai ki usa samaya nizcayadharma kA abhAva hotA hai, ata: usake abhAva meM vaha kriyA samyak nahIM hotI, isaliye vyavahAradharma saMjJA kI pAtratA nahIM rkhtii| phalasvarUpa nizcayadharma ke pUrva vyavahAradharma hotA hI nahIM hai|' hA~ nizcayadharma prakaTa ho jAne para vahI kriyA samyak ho jAtI hai aura vyavahAradharma saMjJA prApta karatI hai| ataH nizcayadharma hone para hI vyavahAradharma hotA hai| isase ukta vidvAn yaha phalita karanA cAhate haiM ki jaba nizcayadharma ke pUrva vyavahAradharma hotA hI nahIM hai to vaha nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? kintu yaha mata samyak nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki caturtha guNasthAna ke pUrva kI zubhakriyA samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM mithyA mAnI jAtI hai, kintu isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki vaha ukta guNasthAna ke labdhirUpa nizcayadharma kI sAdhaka nahIM hai| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki yadyapi samyagdarzana ke pUrva kA tattvajJAna mithyA kahalAtA hai aura samyaktva prakaTa hone para hI vaha samyagjJAna nAma pAtA hai, tathApi vaha samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kA hetu hai, yaha Agama se pramANita hai| * isI prakAra caturtha guNasthAna ke labdhirUpa nizcayadharma ke pUrva kI zubhapravRtti bhale hI samyak na kahalAye, kintu vaha usakI sAdhaka hotI hai aura sAdhaka honA hI vyavahAradharma kahalAne kA hetu hai yaha pUrva meM nirNIta ho cukA hai| tathA vaha kathacit samyak bhI hai, kyoMki vaha nizcayasApekSa hotI hai arthAt AtmaprApti ke lakSya se kI jAtI hai| isIliye to vaha ukta dharma kI sAdhaka bana pAtI hai / nizcayanirapekSa zubhakriyA nizcayadharma kI sAdhaka nahIM hotI / Agama meM nizcayasApekSa zubhapravRtti samyak mAnI gayI hai, isIliye 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / adhikAra 7 / pR0 257 2. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA / bhAga 1 / pR0 157; 122 / bhAga 2 / pR0 589 3. vahI, 2/589 4. "svaparabhedavijJAnamAgamataH siddhyati / " pravacanasAra / tAtparyavRtti 1/90

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186 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana use paramparayA mokSa kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|' ataH jahA~ samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM caturtha guNasthAna ke pUrva kI zubhakriyA mithyA hotI hai, vahIM nizcayasApekSa hone se samyak bhI hai| isa prakAra siddha hai ki nizcayadharma ke pUrva vyavahAradharma hotA hai / carcita vidvajjana kahate haiM - " prathama guNasthAna meM isa jIva ke paradravyabhAvoM se bhinna AtmasvabhAva ke sammukha hone para jo vizuddhi utpanna hotI hai vaha vizuddhi hI asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA Adi kA kAraNa hai, paradravyabhAvoM meM pravRtta huA zubhopayogapariNAma nhiiN| yaha jIva jaba ki mithyAdRSTi hai aisI avasthA meM usake zuddhopayoga ke samAna zubhopayoga kahanA bhI upayukta nahIM hai, phira bhI vahA~ para jo bhI vizeSatA dekhI jAtI hai, vaha AtmasvabhAva - sanmukha huye pariNAma kA phala hai / " " yaha satya hai, kintu prazna hai ki AtmasvabhAva - sanmukha hone meM AtmA kI pahacAna Avazyaka hai yA nahIM ? usake lie moha kI mandatA anivArya hai yA nahIM ? aura isameM tattvacintana, jinabimbadarzana tathA ahiMsAdi zubhapravRttiyoM kA yoga rahatA hai yA nahIM ? isakA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki AcArya amRtacandra ne spaSTa kahA hai ki prAthamika jana bhinna sAdhanoM kA avalambana kara sukhapUrvaka dharmamArga meM avatarita hote haiM aura dhIre - dhIre moha kA unmUlana karate haiN| isakA nirdeza pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| mokSamArgaprakAzakakAra kA bhI kathana hai ki zubhopayoga se karma ke sthiti- anubhAga ghaTate haiM, moha manda hotA hai aura samyaktva prApti kA patha prazasta hotA hai / * niSkarSa yaha ki AtmAbhimukha - pariNAma hone meM zubhapravRtti kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| ata: vaha caturguNasthAna ke labdhirUpa nizcayadharma kI paramparayA sAdhaka hai / isI kAraNa vaha vyavahAradharma kahalAtI hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki nizcayadharma ke pUrva vyavahAradharma hotA hai / phalasvarUpa donoM meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva hai aura sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva hone se paraspara sApekSatA hai| nimittanaimittika kA samakAlayoga anivArya nahIM ukta vicAraka nizcayadharma kI pUrvavartI sAdhanA ko nizcayadharma kA nimitta na mAnane meM eka tarka yaha dete haiM ki donoM kA yoga eka kAla meM nahIM hotaa| ve kahate 1. " yadi nijazuddhAtmaivopAdeya iti matvA tatsAdhakatvena tadanukUlaM tapazcaraNaM karoti, tatparijJAnasAdhakaM ca paThati tadA paramparayA mokSasAdhakaM bhavati, no cet puNyabandhakAraNameveti / " paramAtmaprakAza / brahmadevaTIkA 2/191 2. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA / bhAga 1, pR0 122 3. paJcAstikAya / tattvadIpikA/gAthA 172 4. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / adhikAra 7 / pR0 205

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 187 haiM -- "nimittanaimittikayoga eka kAla meM hotA hai| pahale nimitta thA, bAda meM naimittika huA, aisA kAryakAraNabhAva nahIM hai|' 1 yaha tarka nitAnta ekAntavAdI hai| vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kA paramparayA nimitta hai, sAkSAt nimitta nahIM / pAramparika nimitta kA naimittika ke kAla meM rahanA anivArya nahIM hai| kisI kArya kI utpatti meM nimittoM kI eka lambI paramparA hotI hai| ye sabhI nimitta usa kArya kI utpatti ke kAla meM vidyamAna nahIM rahate, tathApi usake nimitta hote haiN| uccatama kakSA uttIrNa karane meM prAthamika kakSA kA jJAna nimittabhUta hai, kintu kyA donoM kakSAoM ke pAThyakrama kA adhyayana eka hI kAla meM hotA hai ? 2 paramAtmaprakAza ke TIkAkAra zrIbrahmadeva sUri ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki vyavahAramokSamArga nizcayamokSamArga kA bhUtanaigamanaya se paramparayA sAdhaka hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki pAramparika nimitta kA naimittika ke kAla meM sadbhAva Avazyaka nahIM hai / vaha bhUtanaigamanaya kI apekSA paramparA se naimittika ke kAla meM upasthita mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra use sAdhaka kahanA saMgata hotA hai / paJcAstikAya, gAthA 170 kI TIkA meM AcArya jayasena ne yaha acchI taraha darzAyA hai ki pUrvabhava kI zubhopayoga-sAdhanA bhavAntara meM kisa prakAra paramparayA mokSa kI sAdhaka hotI hai / ataH ukta vidvajjanoM kI yaha dhAraNA samIcIna nahIM hai ki nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma kA samakAlayoga na hone se unameM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva nahIM hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki samakAlayoga na hone para bhI unameM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva hai| ataeva ve paraspara sApekSa haiN| yahA~ taka pUrvokta vidvajjanoM ke una bhrAntipUrNa tarkoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai jo unhoneM nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM nimittanaimittikAtmaka ( kAryakAraNarUpa ) sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva ko asiddha karane ke lie prastuta kiye haiM / aba ukta vidvAnoM ne uparyukta uddezya se hI sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI jo anyathA vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM unakA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA rahA hai| sahacara - vyavahAradharma zuddhopayogasAdhaka nirdiSTa vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki Agama meM vyavahAradharma ko nizcayadharma 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA / bhAga 1 / pR0 157 2. " atrAha ziSyaH - nizcayamokSamArgo nirvikalpaH tatkAle savikalpamokSamArgo nAsti kathaM sAdhako bhavatIti ? atra parihAramAha - bhUtanaigamanayena paramparayA bhavati / " paramAtmaprakAza / brahmadevaTIkA 2/14

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188 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kA sAdhaka isaliye nahIM kahA gayA hai ki vaha nizcayadharma kI siddhi meM sahAyaka hai, apitu " caturtha guNasthAna se lekara savikalpadazA meM vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma ke sAtha rahatA hai, isalie sahacara hone ke kAraNa sAdhaka ( nimitta ) kahA gayA hai / " yaha vyAkhyA bhrAntipUrNa hai / yadyapi caturtha guNasthAna se lekara savikalpa dazA meM labdhirUpa nizcayadharma ke sAtha vyavahAradharma anivAryata: rahatA hai tathApi sahacaratAmAtra se vaha nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka nahIM kahalAtA, apitu vaha zuddhopayoga sambhava na hone kI avasthA meM mohajanita viSaya - kaSAyarUpa durdhyAna kA nirodha kara zuddhopayoga kI bhUmikA kA nirmANa karatA hai, isa kAraNa sAdhaka kahalAtA hai / isIliye brahmadevasUri ne kahA hai ki caturtha, paJcama tathA SaSTha guNasthAnoM meM paramparayA zuddhopayoga kA sAdhaka zubhopayoga uttarottara adhika mAtrA meM rahatA hai| ' 2 yadi mAtra sahacaratA se vyavahAradharma ko nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka mAnA jAya to sAhacarya to caturtha aura paJcama guNasthAnoM meM viSayakaSAyabhAvoM kA bhI rahatA hai tathA uccatara guNasthAnoM meM sUkSma rAgAdibhAvoM kA rahatA hai, kyA unheM bhI nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka mAnA jA sakatA hai ? isake atirikta jaise vyavahAradharma ko nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka kahA jAtA hai, vaise sahacara bhAva ke kAraNa kyA nizcayadharma ko vyavahAradharma kA tathA guNasthAnAnusAra rAgAdi bhAvoM kA sAdhaka kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadi nahIM, to kyA kAraNa hai ki vyavahAradharma ko hI sahacarabhAva ke kAraNa nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka kahA jAtA hai ? spaSTa hai ki vaha vAstava meM zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka hai, isIliye sAdhaka kahA jAtA hai| abAdhakatva sAdhakatva nahIM hai carcita tattvajJAniyoM ne nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma ke sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva kI dUsarI vyAkhyA yaha kI hai ki samyagdarzana ho jAne para jJAna aura vairAgyazakti ke kAraNa zubhabhAva Atmavizuddhi tathA usakI vRddhi meM bAdhaka nahIM bana paate| isaliye unheM paramparayA mokSa kA hetu kahA gayA hai, ve Atmavizuddhi ko utpanna karate haiM, isaliye nahIM / 3 yaha vyAkhyA adbhuta hai| 'bAdhaka na banane vAle tattva ko hetu ( sAdhaka ) 1. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA / bhAga 1 / pRSTha 129 2. "tato'pyasaMyatasamyagdRSTizrAvakapramattasaMyateSu pAramparyeNa zuddhopayogasAdhaka uparyupari tAratamyena zubhopayogo vartate / " bRhadravyasaMgraha / brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 34 3. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA / bhAga 2 / pR0 780

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 189 kahate haiM --, hetu kI yaha paribhASA prathama bAra sunane meM AI hai / samasta zAstra isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki kArya meM kisI bhI prakAra sahAyatA pahu~cAne vAle tattva ko hI hetu kahate haiM / koI vastu bhale hI bAdhA na pahu~cAye, kintu yadi vaha kAryotpatti meM koI yogadAna nahIM karatI, to use hetu ( sAdhaka ) nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jo zatru na ho use mitra nahIM kahate, jisameM mitra ke guNa hote haiM, use hI mitra kahate haiN| kyA aisA vyakti cikitsaka kahalAtA hai jo rogI kI nIrogatA meM bAdhA na DAle athavA rogI ke roga ko dUra karane vAlA vyakti cikitsaka kahalAtA hai ? yadi pahalI bAta satya ho, to saMsAra ke sabhI manuSya kisI bhI rogI ke cikitsaka kahalAne lageMge, kyoMki ve usakI nIrogatA meM bAdhA pahu~cAne nahIM jAte / vastutaH abAdhaka tattva ko sAdhaka nahIM kahate, apitu jo bAdhA dUra karatA hai use sAdhaka ( hetu ) kahate haiM / AcArya vidyAnandI ne spaSTa kahA hai ki yadi sahakArI kAraNa, kArya kI utpatti meM upAdAna kI asAmarthya kA khaNDana na kara akiJcitkara banA rahatA hai, to vaha sahakArI kAraNa kaise kahalA sakatA hai ? isase pramANita hai ki jo tattva upasthita bAdhAoM ko dUra karate hue kArya kI siddhi meM sahayoga detA hai use hI Agama meM sAdhaka yA hetu kahA gayA hai| ataH isI dRSTi se sarvajJa ne zubhopayoga ko zuddhopayoga kA hetu kahA hai| zubhapariNAma viSayakaSAyajanya durdhyAna kA nirodha kara zuddhopayoga kI bhUmikA kA nirmANa karatA hai, isalie vaha mAtra abAdhakatA ke kAraNa nahIM, apitu bAdhA dUrakara zuddhopayoga kI siddhi meM sahAyaka banane ke kAraNa usakA sAdhaka kahA gayA hai| yaha AcAryoM ke aneka vaktavyoM se pramANita hai| dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki yadi zubhapariNAma Atmavizuddhi meM abAdhaka hone mAtra se paramparayA mokSa kA sAdhaka kahA jAtA hai, to samyagdRSTi kA bhoga bhI Atmazuddhi meM bAdhaka nahIM hotA hai ( ise ukta vidvAna svayaM svIkAra karate haiM ) , use paramparayA "tadasAmarthyamakhaNDayadakiJcitkaraM kiM sahakArikAraNaM syAt ?" aSTasahasrI / pRSTha 105 ( jainatattvamImAMsA kI mImAMsA, pRSTha 247 ) 2. (ka) "vyavahArapratikramaNaM tu yadi zuddhAtmAnamupAdeyaM kRtvA tasyaiva nizcayapratikramaNasya sAdhakabhAvena viSayakaSAyavaJcanArthaM karoti tadapi paramparayA mokSakAraNaM bhavati / " samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/ gAthA 306-307 (kha) "ko'pi samyagdRSTirjIvo nirvikalpasamAdherabhAvAd azakyAnuSThAnena viSayakaSAyavaJcanArthaM yadyapi vratazIladAnapUjAdizubhakarmAnuSThAnaM karoti **** " vahI / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 224-227 3. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA / bhAga 2 / pR0 780

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190 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana mokSa kA sAdhaka kyoM nahIM kahA gayA ? vyavahAracAritra meM viSayabhoga kA vidhAna kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA ? saMyama kA hI vidhAna kyoM kiyA gayA ? AcAryoM ne viSayabhoga ko vyavahAradharma saMjJA kyoM nahIM dI aura nizcayadharma tathA viSayabhoga meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva pratipAdita kyoM nahIM kiyA? unhoMne vrata-zIla-saMyamAdi ko hI vyavahAradharma nAma kyoM diyA aura unheM hI nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka kyoM batalAyA ? isakA ekamAtra samAdhAna yahI hai ki abAdhaka hone mAtra se koI vastu sAdhaka nahIM kahalAtI, apitu kAryasiddhi meM bAdhaka tattvoM ko dUrakara usakI siddhi kI prakriyA ko sukara banAne se sAdhaka kahalAtI hai| zubhopayoga uparyukta prakAra se zuddhopayoga ke mArga kI bAdhA dUrakara usakA patha prazasta karatA hai, isalie use usakA sAdhaka kahA gayA hai| viSayabhoga aisA nahIM karatA, isalie AcAryoM ne use zuddhopayoga kA sAdhaka nahIM khaa| ata: carcita vidvajjanoM kA yaha mata samIcIna nahIM hai ki Atma-vizuddhi meM abAdhaka hone se hI zubhopayoga ko zuddhopayoga yA mokSa kA sAdhaka kahA gayA hai| tathya yaha hai ki yaha zuddhopayoga ke mArga kI bAdhA kA nivAraka hai, isalie ise sAdhaka kahA gayA hai| avarodhanivArakatva ke kAraNa hI niyatapUrvabhAva kathita vidvajjanoM ne sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva kI eka vyAkhyA yaha kI hai ki zuddhopayoga ke pUrva zubhopayoga hone kA niyama hai| mAtra isa krama ke kAraNa vyavahAradharma ko nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka kahA gayA hai|' arthAt ve mAnate haiM ki vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kI prApti meM avarodhanivArakarUpa se koI yogadAna nahIM karatA, basa nizcayadharma ke pUrva usake hone kA niyamamAtra rahatA hai| yahA~ prazna hai ki jaba vaha nizcayadharma kI prApti meM koI yogadAna nahIM karatA, to usake pUrva meM hone kA niyama kyoM hai ? jaba vaha ajAgalastana ke samAna sarvathA nirarthaka hai, to isase siddha hai ki vaha na hove to bhI nizcayadharma kI prApti ho sakatI hai, arthAt sAdhaka azubhopayoga se sIdhe zuddhopayoga kA avalambana kara sakatA hai| kintu, yaha Agamaviruddha evaM anubhavaviruddha hai| sAdhaka ke zubhopayoga kI avasthA meM Ae binA zuddhopayoga sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki azubhopayoga kI dazA zuddhopayoga ke sarvathA pratikUla hai| zubhopayoga zuddhopayoga ke anukUla bhUmikA kA nirmANa karatA hai, isalie usakA pUrva meM AnA nirarthaka na hokara soddezya hotA hai| ata: pUrva meM Ane mAtra se nahIM, apitu zuddhopayoga meM sahAyaka hone se hI vyavahAradharma ko nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka kahA gayA hai| 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 589

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jJApakatva sAdhakatva nahIM hai nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva kI carcita vidvAnoM ne jo vyAkhyAyeM kI haiM, unameM eka yaha hai ki antaraMga meM nizcayadharma ( labdhirUpa ) prakaTa hone para bAhara jo vyavahAradharma phalita hotA hai, usase antaraMga nizcayadharma labdhirUpa ) jJApita hotA hai| isa taraha vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kA jJApaka hai aura nizcayadharma jJApya / isa jJApya jJApakabhAva ko hI sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva kahA gayA hai| sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 191 AgamavacanoM kI isase adhika bhrAnta vyAkhyA aura koI nahIM ho sktii| AcAryoM ke vaktavya isameM pramANa haiM ki nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM jJApyajJApakabhAva ke kAraNa sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva nahIM kahA gayA hai, apitu jaise svarNa kI zuddhi meM agni bahiraMga sAdhaka hotI hai, malina vastra ke svaccha hone meM jala sAdhaka hotA hai tathA dhAnya kI utpatti meM bhUmi, jala, urvaraka Adi sAdhaka hote haiM, vaise hI nizcayadharma kI siddhi meM vyavahAradharma sAdhaka hai, isalie unameM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva kahA gayA hai| AcArya amRtacandra kA kathana hai ki jaise khAna se nikale hue azuddha svarNa meM arpita agni zuddha svarNa kI sAdhaka hotI hai, vaise hI vyavahAramokSamArga azuddhajIva ko kramazaH zuddhabhUmikAoM ( guNasthAnoM ) meM pratiSThita karatA huA zuddhAtmAnubhUtirUpa nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka hotA hai / ' tAtparya yaha ki yadyapi svarNapASANa svayaM zuddha svarNarUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, tathApi agni bahiraMga sahAyaka hotI hai, vaise hI yadyapi nizcayanaya se jIva svayaM zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayamokSamArga meM pariNata hotA hai, tathApi vyavahAramokSamArga usameM bahiraMga sAdhaka hotA hai| yahI bAta AcArya jayasena ne saMkSepa meM nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kahI hai svarNapASANasyAgniriva nizcayamokSa -- "ayaM vyavahAramokSamArgaH mArgasya bahiraGgasAdhako bhavati / 3 dhAnya aura bIjAdi ke samAna sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva kA varNana karate hue paM0 AzAdhara jI kahate haiM - vyavahAraparAcIno nizcayaM bIjAdinA vinA mUDhaH sa sasyAni 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA / bhAga 2 / pR0 795 2. paJcAstikAya / tattvadIpikA/gAthA 160 tathA 172 3. vahI / tAtparyavRtti / 160 4. anagAradharmAmRta 1 / 100 zcikIrSati / sisRkSi

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192 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana - jo vyakti vyavahAramokSamArga se vimukha hokara nizcayamokSamArga prApta karanA cAhatA hai vaha bIja, bhUmi, jala, urvaraka Adi ke binA dhAnya ugAnA cAhatA hai / AcAryoM ke ye vacana spaSTa karate haiM ki nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva se kyA abhiprAya hai ? yadi usase jJApya jJApakabhAva abhipreta hotA, to AcAryagaNa jJApya jJApakabhAva zabda kA hI prayoga karate aura sarvatra yaha kahate ki nizcayadharma ko jAnane ke lie vyavahAradharma ko jAno, yaha na kahate ki nizcayadharma kI siddhi ke lie vyavahAradharma kA anuSThAna kro|' AcAryoM ne yaha kahIM nahIM kahA hai ki jo nizcayadharma ko jAnane ke lie vrata-tapa Adi ko jAnatA hai vaha paramparayA mokSa prApta karatA hai / sarvatra yahI kahA ki jo nizcayadharma kI sAdhanA ke lie vrata-tapa Adi karatA hai vaha paramparayA mokSa pAtA hai| 2 ataH carcita vidvajjanoM kI yaha vyAkhyA atyanta hAsyAspada hai ki nizcayadharma aura vyavahAra dharma meM jo jJApya jJApakabhAva hai use hI sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva kahA gayA hai| uparyukta pramANoM se siddha hai ki agni aura suvarNapASANa athavA malina vastra aura jala meM jaisA kAryakAraNAtmaka ( nimitta - naimittikabhAvarUpa ) sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva hai, vaisA hI sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva AcAryoM ne nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM batalAyA hai| brahmadevasUri ne use udAharaNapUrvakaM nimnalikhita kathana meM spaSTa kara diyA hai "prAthamikAnAM cittasthirIkaraNArthaM viSayakaSAyadurdhyAnavaJcanArthaM ca paramparayA muktikAraNamarhadAdiparadravyaM dhyeyaM pazcAt citte sthirIbhUte sAkSAnmuktikAraNaM svazuddhAtmatattvameva dhyeyaM nAstyekAntaH / evaM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAvaM jJAtvA dhyeyaviSaye vivAdo na karttavya: / "" - - prAthamika avasthA meM citta sthira karane tathA viSayakaSAyarUpa durdhyAna ko rokana ke lie paramparayA mukti ke kAraNabhUta arahantAdi paJcaparameSThI dhyeya haiN| pazcAt citta sthira ho jAne para sAkSAt mukti kA hetubhUta nijazuddhAtmatattva hI dhyeya hai| inameM se koI eka hI sarvathA dhyeya nahIM hai / isa prakAra donoM dhyeyaviSayoM meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva jAnakara dhyeya ke viSaya meM vivAda nahIM karanA cAhie ( paJcaparameSThI kA dhyAna vyavahAradharma hai tathA svazuddhAtmA kA dhyAna nizcayadharma / ) / 1. "gRhasthenAbhedaratnatrayasvarUpamupAdeyaM kRtvA bhedaratnatrayAtmakaH zrAvakadharmaH karttavyaH / " paramAtmaprakAza / brahmadevaTIkA 2/133 2. " yastu zuddhAtmabhAvanAsAdhanArthaM bahiraGgavratatapazcaraNadAnAdikaM karoti sa paramparayA mokSaM labhate / " samayasAra/ tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 146 3. paramAtmaprakAza / brahmadevaTIkA 2/33

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 193 sUrijI ke ina vacanoM se samyagrUpeNa avagata ho jAtA hai ki nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM jo kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai, use hI Agama meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva kahA gayA hai, jJApya-jJApakabhAva ko nhiiN| 'suddho suddhAdeso' gAthA kA tAtparya nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM jJApya-jJApakabhAva ko hI sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva mAnane ke kAraNa nirdiSTa vidvAnoM ne nimnalikhita gAthA kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyA kI suddho suddhAdeso Nayavvo paramabhAvadarasIhiM / vavahAradesido puNa je du aparame TThidA bhAve / / ' - paramabhAvadarziyoM ko zuddhAtmA kA kathana karanevAlA zuddhanaya ( nizcayanaya ) jAnane yogya hai tathA jo aparamabhAva meM sthita haiM ve vyavahAra dvArA upadeza ke yogya haiN| AcArya jayasena ke anusAra isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jo sAdhaka zuddhopayoga meM samartha ho gaye haiM, unake lie zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayadharma hI upayogI hai, kintu jo usameM samartha nahIM hue haiM, unake lie viSayakaSAyarUpa durdhyAna kA nirodha karane hetu zubhopayogarUpa vyavahAradharma bhI upayogI hai| kintu, pUrvokta vidvAna mAnate haiM ki isa gAthA meM AcArya kundakunda ne yaha kahA hai ki zuddhAtmabhAvadarzI ( zuddhAtmA kA anubhava karanevAle ) jIva zuddhAtmA kA hI anubhava karate haiM, kintu jo savikalpAvasthA meM sthita haiM unake lie azuddhAtmA kA jJAna prayojanavAna hai| prastuta gAthA kA yaha abhiprAya grahaNakara ukta vidvajjana kahate haiM ki isa prakAra AcAryoM ne vyavahAranaya kA viSaya jAnane ke lie to prayojanavAna batalAyA hai, para Adara karane yogya nahIM btlaayaa|' vidvajjanoM dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA yaha abhiprAya nitAnta asamIcIna hai| isake nimnalikhita kAraNa haiM prathama to 'jo aparamabhAva meM sthita haiM ve vyavahAranaya dvArA upadeza ke yogya 1. samayasAra/gAthA, 12 2. "atra tu na kevalaM bhUtArtho nizcayanayo nirvikalpasamAdhiratAnAM prayojanavAn bhavati kintu nirvikalpasamAdhirahitAnAM puna: ... ... keSAMcit prAthamikAnAM kadAcit savikalpAvasthAyAM mithyAtvaviSayakaSAyadurdhyAnavaJcanArthaM vyavahAranayo'pi prayojanavAn bhavatIti prtipaadyti|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 12 3. jayapura (khAniyA) tattvacarcA/bhAga 1/pR0 154

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194 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana haiM' AcArya kundakunda ke isa kathana kA 'aparamabhAva ( savikalpAvasthA ) meM sthita jIvoM ke lie azuddhAtmA kA jJAna prayojanavAna hai', yaha artha lene kA koI AdhAra nahIM haiM, kyoMki vyavahAranaya kA viSaya kevala azuddhAtmA nahIM hai, apitu sampUrNa vyavahAranayAtmaka upadeza hai, jisameM vyavahAramokSamArga bhI samAviSTa hai aura vyavahAramokSamArga kA mAtra jJAna kara lenA kAryakArI nahIM hai, apitu jJAna karake usakA avalambana karanA kAryakArI hai| jJAna AcaraNa ke lie hI Avazyaka hotA hai| dUsare, aparamabhAva meM sthita jIvoM ke lie azuddhAtmA kA hI jJAna kyoM prayojanavAna hai, zuddhAtmA kA jJAna kyoM prayojanavAna nahIM hai ? isakA koI samAdhAna nahIM hai| jJAna to pratyeka mumukSu ke lie AtmA ke zuddha-azuddha donoM rUpoM kA Avazyaka hai| tabhI to AtmA ke pUrNa ( anekAnta ) svarUpa kA bodha hogA aura jJAtA kI mokSamArga meM pravRtti ho skegii| kevala azuddhAtmA ke jJAna se to vaha azuddhAtmA ko hI zuddhAtmA samajha baiThegA, jisase mahAn anartha hogaa| prAthamika sAdhakoM ko to sarvaprathama zuddhAtmA kA jJAna Avazyaka hai, kyoMki ve anAdi se apane azuddhasvarUpa ko zuddhasvarUpa samajhate A rahe haiM, isIlie kundakunda ne samayasAra ke Arambha meM aise jIvoM ko AtmA kA zuddhasvarUpa darzAne kI pratijJA kI hai| mAtra azuddhAtmA kA jJAna kisI ke lie kaise prayojanavAna ho sakatA hai ? yaha samajha ke bAhara hai| ata: AcArya kundakunda kI ukta gAthA kA yaha artha nikAlanA ki aparamabhAva meM sthita jIvoM ke lie azuddhAtmA kA jJAna prayojanavAna hai, nitAnta viparIta vyAkhyA hai| vastuta: jJAna ke viSaya kA to aisA vibhAjana ho hI nahIM sakatA ki kisI ko kevala nizcayanaya ke viSaya kA jJAna prayojanavAna ho aura kisI ko kevala vyavahAranaya kA, kyoMki isase vastu ke anekAntasvarUpa kA jJAna sambhava nahIM hai| isase to ekAntavAda hI phalita hogA, jo jainasiddhAnta ke viparIta hai aura mithyAtva kA kAraNa hai| hA~, sAdhanA ke viSaya kA aisA vibhAjana ho sakatA hai ki kisI ke lie nizcayasApekSa vyavahAranayAtmaka sAdhanA hI upayogI ho aura kisI ke lie vyavahArasApekSa nizcayanayAtmaka sAdhanA hI, kyoMki isameM vastusvarUpa ko jAnane kA prazna nahIM hotA, apitu mokSamArga ke avalambana kA prazna hotA hai jo sAdhaka kI kSamatA para nirbhara hai| kSamatAnusAra ukta dvividha sAdhanAoM kA avalambana bhinna-bhinna kAla meM hI sambhava hai, eka hI kAla meM nhiiN| ata: sAdhanA kA pAtra ke anusAra vibhAjana ho sakatA hai| 1. "taM eyattavihattaM dAehaM appaNo svihvenn|' samayasAra/gAthA, 5

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 195 ukta gAthA meM AcArya kundakunda ne sAdhanA kA hI pAtra ke anusAra nizcaya aura vyavahAra dRSTiyoM se vibhAjana kiyA hai, jisakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jo zuddhopayoga meM samartha ho gaye haiM unake lie zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayanayAtmaka sAdhanA hI upayogI hai tathA jo usameM asamartha haiM, unake lie zubhopayogarUpa vyavahAranayAtmaka sAdhanA kAryakArI hai| yaha AcArya jayasena ke pUrvoddhRta vacanoM se samarthita hai, jo unhoMne nirdiSTa gAthA kI TIkA meM kahe haiN| usameM unhoMne viSayakaSAyarUpa durdhyAna kA nirodha karane ke lie vyavahAranaya ko prayojanavAna batalAyA hai| ukta durdhyAna kA nirodha vyavahAranaya athavA azuddhAtmA ko jAnane se nahIM, apitu vyavahAranaya ke viSayabhUta mokSamArga ko apanAne se sambhava hai| ata: siddha hai ki uparyukta gAthA meM AcArya kundakunda ne aparamabhAva meM sthita jIvoM ke lie na to azuddhAtmA ko jAnanA prayojanavAna batalAyA hai, na vyavahAramokSamArga kI mAtra jAnakArI karanA, apitu vyavahAramokSamArga ko jAnakara usakA avalambana karane ko prayojanavAna batalAyA hai| ata: ukta gAthA se yaha phalita karanA bhI sarvathA asamIcIna hai ki vyavahAranaya kA viSaya jAnane ke lie to prayojanavAna batalAyA gayA hai, para Adara karane yogya nahIM batalAyA gyaa| dazama adhyAya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki vyavahAranaya kA viSayabhUta sAdhanAmArga kathaMcit Adara karane yogya ( upAdeya ) bhI hai| isa prakAra prastuta gAthA se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM kAryakAraNAtmaka sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva hai jisase nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya paraspara sApekSa haiN| vyavahAra ke jJAnamAtra se tIrthapravRtti sambhava nahIM prAthamika bhUmikA meM mokSa kI sAdhanA ke lie vyavahAradharma ke avalambana kA upadeza denevAlI ukta gAthA' ke samarthana meM AcArya amRtacandra ne nimnalikhita prAcIna gAthA kA ullekha kiyA hai - jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / / - yadi tuma cAhate ho ki jinamata calatA rahe to nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina donoM meM se kisI ko mata chor3o, kyoMki eka ke binA tIrtha naSTa ho jAyegA aura dUsare ke binA tttv| tAtparya yaha ki vyavahAranaya kA upadeza grahaNa na karane para mokSamArga meM pravRtti sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki usake binA jIva ko apanI azuddha avasthA tathA 1. samayasAra/gAthA 12 2. vahI/AtmakhyAti TIkA meM uddhRta/gAthA 12

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196 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana vyavahAramokSamArga kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA, jisase na to use mokSa kI AvazyakatA pratIta ho sakatI hai aura na vaha vyavahAramokSamArga meM sthita hokara nizcayamokSamArga ke avalambana kI sAmarthya arjita kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra nizcayanaya kA upadeza grahaNa na karane para AtmA ke paramArtha svarUpa tathA paramArtha mokSamArga kA jJAna sambhava nahIM hai| isake abhAva meM vyakti apane azaddha svarUpa ko hI zuddha svarUpa tathA vyavahAra mokSamArga ko hI paramArtha mokSamArga samajhatA rahegA, jisase mokSa na ho paayegaa| ata: donoM nayoM ke avalambana se hI jinamata kI pravRtti hotI hai, isalie donoM nayoM meM se kisI ko bhI nahIM chor3anA caahie| isa prakAra yaha gAthA bhI tIrthapravRtti ( mokSamArga meM pravRtta hone ) ke lie vyavahAradharma ke avalambana kA pratipAdana karatI hai| kintu pUrvacarcita vidvajjana kahate haiM ki isa gAthA meM vyavahAranaya ko tIrthapravRtti kA hetu isalie kahA gayA hai ki usake ( vyavahAranaya ) dvArA pratipAdita guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna Adi jIva ke vyAvahArika bhedoM ko jAne yA svIkAra kiye binA mokSamArga meM pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| abhiprAya yaha ki mokSamArga meM pravRtti ke lie vyavahAranaya ke viSaya ko mAtra jAna lenA yA svIkAra kara lenA paryApta hai, usakA Azraya lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|' kintu, yaha vyAkhyA Agamasammata nahIM hai| vyavahAranaya ke viSayoM meM vyavahAradharma bhI sammilita hai| mokSamArga meM pravRtti ke lie vyavahAradharma ko mAtra jAna lenA paryApta nahIM hai, apitu usakA anusaraNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki usase zanaiH-zanaiH nizcayamokSamArga ke avalambana kI kSamatA AvirbhUta hotI hai| ataeva vaha nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka hai| isI dRSTi se ukta gAthA meM jinamata ke pravartana ke lie vyavahAranaya kA avalambana Avazyaka batalAte hue usakA parityAga na karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| AcArya jayasena ke nimnalikhita vacanoM se pramANita hai ki uparinirdiSTa gAthA meM nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM suvarNa-pASANa aura agni ke samAna sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai - "nizcayaM vyAkhyAya punarapi kimarthaM vyavahAnayavyAkhyAnam ? iti cetraivam, agnisuvarNapASANayoriva nizcayavyavahAranayoH prsprsaadhysaadhkbhaavdrshnaarthmiti|" tathA coktaM - jai jiNasamaI pauMjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muvaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjai titthaM aNNeNa puNa taccaM / / 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 1/pR0 154-155 2. samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 236

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 197 ye vacana AcArya jayasena ne samayasAra kI 236vIM gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM kahe haiN| ve kahate haiM ki yahA~ maiMne yaha darzAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM meM suvarNapASANa aura agni ke samAna sAdhya sAdhakabhAva hai jaisA ki 'jai jiNasamaI' ityAdi gAthA meM batalAyA gayA hai| isa kathana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prastuta gAthA kA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki vyavahAranaya ke viSaya ko mAtra jAna lene yA usakI sattA svIkAra kara lene se mokSamArga meM pravRtti sambhava hotI hai, apitu Azaya yaha hai ki vyavahAranaya dvArA pratipAdita dharma kA AcaraNa karane se mokSamArga meM pravRtti ho pAtI hai| ataH carcita vidvajjanoM ne ukta gAthA kA jo yaha Azaya batalAyA hai ki vyavahAranaya ke viSaya ko jAnane mAtra se jIva meM zuddhopayogarUpa nizcayamokSamArga ko grahaNa karane kI sAmarthya A jAtI hai, vaha Agamaviruddha hai| uparyukta gAthA yahI siddha karatI hai ki nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM kAryakAraNabhAvarUpa sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva hai, ataH nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya parasparasApekSa haiN| sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva kI manovaijJAnikatA nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma kA sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva manovaijJAnika hai| isameM AtmA se paramAtmA banane kI sAmarthya ke kramika vikAsa kA svAbhAvika siddhAnta antarnihita hai| anAdikAla se durnivAra viSayakaSAyoM ke vega se abhibhUta jIva sahasA vItarAgabhAvarUpa nizcayamokSamArga meM sthita nahIM ho sktaa| yaha viSayakaSAyoM ke vega ko dhIre-dhIre kama karane kI vidhi se hI sambhava hai / vyavahAramokSamArga isI kA sAdhana hai| isameM sthita hone se jaba viSaya kaSAyoM ke vega para niyaMtraNa prApta kara liyA jAtA hai, taba vItarAgabhAvarUpa nizcayadharma meM sthita hone kI kSamatA utpanna hotI hai| isa prakAra nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma kA sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva manovaijJAnika bhitti para AdhArita hai / ataH usakA kisI bhI prakAra sarvathA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usake sarvathA niSedha yA gardA kA ekamAtra phala mokSa ko asambhava banA denA hai| isa taraha spaSTa hotA hai ki nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kA niSedha karane ke lie kucha vidvajjanoM ne jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM tathA sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva kI jo anyathA vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM, ve nirAdhAra evaM Agamaviruddha haiN| nizcayadharma evaM vyavahAradharma meM suvarNapASANa aura agni ke samAna hI kAryakAraNAtmaka sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva hai, arthAt jaise agni ke saMyoga se suvarNapASANa kA maila dUra ho jAtA hai aura vaha zuddha svarNa bana jAtA hai, vaise hI vyavahAradharma

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198 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ke avalambana se mithyAtva aura kaSAya kA upazama-kSayopazama ho jAtA hai aura jIva itanI nirmalatA prApta kara letA hai ki usameM nizcayadharma ke avalambana kI sAmarthya A jAtI hai| sApekSatA kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyA nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM kArya-kAraNAtmaka sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva hone se parasparasApekSatA siddha hotI hai, kintu pUrvokta vidvadvarga ko vyavahAradharma kA nizcayadharmasAdhaka honA svIkArya nahIM hai aura saMkaTa yaha hai ki parasparasApekSatA kA ve apalApa bhI nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki isase nizcayanaya ke mithyA hone kA prasaMga AtA hai| isalie unhoMne sApekSatva ko to svIkAra kara liyA, kintu usakI eka naI vyAkhyA kara DAlI, jo nitAnta bhrAntipUrNa hai| apanI vyAkhyA ko prastuta karate hue ve kahate haiM - "pratyeka naya sApekSa hotA hai, isakA to hamane kahIM niSedha kiyA hI nhiiN| parantu yahA~ para "sApekSa' kA artha kyA hai ise jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| ..." nirapekSatva kA artha hai pratyanIka ( viruddha ) dharma kA nirAkaraNa tathA sApekSatva kA artha hai upekssaa| ..." AcAryoM kA yahA~ yahI kahanA hai ki yaha jitanA bhI paryAyAzrita vyavahAra hai vaha rAgamUlaka hone se mokSamArga meM aise vyavahAra ko chur3AyA gayA hai| 'chur3AyA gayA hai' isakA artha hai 'usameM upekSA karAI gaI hai'| sAdhaka vyavahAra ko chor3atA nahIM, kintu nizcayaprAptirUpa mUla prayojana ko dhyAna meM rakhakara use karatA huA bhI usameM upekSA rakhatA hai aura mAtra nizcaya ke viSaya ko Azraya karane yogya svIkAra kara nirantara apane upayoga ko usa dizA meM mor3ane kA prayatna karatA rahatA hai| .... yadi mokSa kI prApti hotI hai to ekamAtra isI mArga se hotI hai|" niSkarSa yaha ki ukta vidvAnoM ke anusAra pratipakSI dharma ko 'chor3ane yogya' samajhanA hI usake prati sApekSabhAva rakhanA kahalAtA hai| isa vyAkhyA ke dvArA ukta 1. "ayaM vyavahAramokSamArgaH .... .... suvarNapASANasyAgniriva nizcayamokSamArgasya bahiraMga sAdhako bhvti|" paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 160 2. saptama adhyAya meM unakA sApekSatA-virodhI kathana uddhRta kiyA jA cukA hai| jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 436 3. "nirapekSatvaM pratyanIkadharmasya nirAkRtiH sApekSatvamupekSA, anyathA pramANanayAvizeSa prsnggaat| dharmAntarAdAnopekSAhAnilakSaNatvAt pramANanayadurNayAnAM prkaaraantraasmbhvaacc| pramANAt tadatatsvabhAvapratipattestatpratipatteranyanirAkRtizceti vishvopsNhtiH|". ___ aSTazatI/devAgamakArikA, 108 4. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 802-803

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sAdhyasAdhakabhAva kI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyAe~ / 199 vidvAnoM ne yaha prayAsa kiyA hai ki nizcaya aura vyavahAra meM sApekSatA bhI siddha ho jAya tathA vyavahAradharma nizcayadharma kA sAdhaka bhI siddha na ho paaye| kintu, aSTazatI ke 'sApekSatvamupekSA' ( pratipakSI dharma ke prati upekSAbhAva rakhanA sApekSatva hai ) isa vacana kI yaha vyAkhyA atyanta bhrAntipUrNa evaM hAsyAspada hai| 'nirapekSatvaM pratyanIkadharmasya nirAkRtiH sApekSatvamupekSA' ( arthAt pratipakSI dharma kA niSedha karanA nirapekSatva hai aura usake prati upekSAbhAva rakhanA sApekSatva hai ) isa sampUrNa vAkya para dhyAna dene se spaSTa hotA hai ki upekSA kA artha pratipakSI dharma ko 'chor3ane yogya' samajhanA nahIM hai, apitu usake prati taTastha rahanA hai| taTastha rahane kA abhiprAya hai na niSedha karanA, na grahaNa krnaa| kyoMki naya eka hI dharma ko lekara vastu kI vyAkhyA karatA hai, isalie pratipakSI dharma se use prayojana nahIM rahatA, kintu vaha usake astitva kA niSedha nahIM karatA, apitu pratipakSI naya kA viSaya mAnakara usake viSaya meM mauna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra pratipakSI dharma kI mauna svIkRti kA nAma hI upekSA yA sApekSatva hai| 'chor3ane yogya mAnane' kA artha to yahA~ ghaTita hI nahIM hotA, kyoMki isase bar3e hAsyAspada artha nikalate haiN| jaise 'nityatva dharma anityatva-sApekSa hai' isakA artha yaha nikalegA ki anityatva upekSA karane yogya hai, arthAt chor3ane yogya hai| tathA 'anityatva nityatvasApekSa hai' isase yaha artha phalita hogA ki nityatva chor3ane yogya hai| aba ye dharma kaise chor3e jA sakeMge, yaha samajha ke bAhara hai| isI prakAra vyavahAranaya nizcaya-sApekSa hotA hai| aba yadi 'sApekSa' zabda se 'upekSA karane yogya' arthAt 'chor3ane yogya' artha grahaNa kiyA jAya to nizcayanaya kA viSayabhUta zuddhopayogarUpa mokSamArga bhI chor3ane yogya siddha hogaa| isa prakAra sApekSatva athavA upekSA zabda kI ukta vidvAnoM dvArA kI gaI yaha vyAkhyA kevalI bhagavAn ke upadeza ko ulaTa-pulaTa denevAlI hai, ataH bhrAntipUrNa evaM agrAhya hai| AcArya jayasena ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga ko sAdhya-sAdhakarUpa meM svIkAra karate hue prAthamika bhUmikA meM vyavahAramokSamArga kA Azraya lekara nizcayamokSamArga ke avalambana kI sAmarthya arjita karanA, tatpazcAt vyavahAramokSamArga ko chor3akara nizcayamokSamArga kA avalambana karanA hI donoM ko parasparasApekSarUpa se grahaNa karanA hai| isI prakAra grahaNa karane se jIva mokSa prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN|' 1. aSTazatI/devAgamakArikA, 108 2. "tacca vItarAgatvaM nizcayavyavahAranayAbhyAM sAdhya-sAdhakarUpeNa parasparasApekSAbhyAmeva bhavati muktisiddhaye na ca punarnirapekSabhyAmiti vaartikm| tadyathA ye kecana vizuddha

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200 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana nizcaya-vyavahAra kI sApekSa upAdeyatA yata: nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga paraspara sApekSa haiM, ata: apekSAbheda se donoM upAdeya haiN| mokSa kA paramArthamArga hone se nizcayamokSamArga upAdeya hai| nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka hone se vyavahAramokSamArga upAdeya hai| kisI eka ko sarvathA upAdeya mAnane se saMsArabhramaNa aura pApabandha hI phalita hotA hai| ata: jo vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki vastu-vyavasthA samajhane ke lie donoM naya kAryakArI haiM, kintu sAdhanA ke lie eka nizcayanaya hI upAdeya hai, unakI yaha mAnyatA bhrAntipUrNa jJAnadarzanasvabhAvazuddhAtmatattvasamyakzraddhAnajJAnAnuSThAnarUpanizcayamokSamArganirapekSaM kevalazubhAnuSThAnarUpaM vyavahAranayameva mokSamArgaM manyante tena tu suralokAdiklezaparamparayA saMsAraM pribhrmntiiti| yadi punaH zuddhAtmAnubhUtilakSaNaM nizcayamokSamArga manyante nizcayamokSamArgAnuSThAnazaktyabhAvAnizcayasAdhakaM zubhAnuSThAnaM ca kurvanti tarhi sarAgasamyagdRSTayo bhavanti paramparayA mokSaM labhante iti ... .. / " paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 172 1. ( ka ) "cidAnandaikasvabhAvo nijazuddhAtmaiva zuddhanizcayanayenopAdeyaM bhedaratnatrayasvarUpaM tu upaadeymbhedrtntrysaadhktvaadvyvhaarennopaadeymiti|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 116-120 ( kha ) "vyavahAramokSamAgoM nizcayaratnatrayasyopAdeyabhUtasya kAraNabhUtvAdupAdeyaH ___ paramparayA jIvasya pavitratAkAraNatvAt pavitra: .... / ' vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 161-163 2. mokSamArga prakaTa karane kA upAya : tattvanirNaya/pR0 27-28

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dazama adhyAya mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva hai, isalie ve paraspara sApekSa haiN| ve eka-dUsare ko ThukarAkara mokSa upalabdha karAne meM samartha nahIM hote, kyoMki vyavahAramokSamArga kA sAdhana mile binA nizcayamokSamArga kI siddhi asambhava hai aura nizcayamokSamArga ke binA mokSaprApti sambhava nahIM hai| vyavahAramokSamArga svayaM mokSa prApta nahIM karA sktaa| isalie jaise nizcayamokSamArga svayaM kI siddhi ke lie vyavahAramokSamArga kI apekSA rakhatA hai, vaise hI vyavahAramokSamArga ko mokSa kI siddhi ke lie nizcayamokSamArga kI apekSA hotI hai| ata: AvazyakatAnusAra donoM kA avalambana anivArya hotA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki jIvoM meM Arambha se hI ucca AcaraNa kI yogyatA nahIM hotii| zakti ke anusAra AcaraNa karate hae yogyatA ko kramaza: vikasita kiyA jAtA hai, taba uccAcaraNa kI sAmarthya A pAtI hai| prAthamika avasthA meM mithyAtva aura viSayakaSAyoM kI itanI pracuratA evaM prabalatA hotI hai ki vahA~ nizcayamokSamArga kA avalambana sambhava nahIM hotA, vahA~ vyavahAramokSamArga kA hI avalambana kAryakArI hotA hai| jaba vyavahAramokSamArga para calakara mithyAtvakaSAyoM kA upazama-kSayopazama karate hue jIva usa avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai, jahA~ nizcayamokSamArga kA avalambana sambhava hotA hai, vahA~ kevala nizcayamokSamArga hI avalambanIya hotA hai, vahA~ vyavahAramokSamArga kI upayogitA samApta ho jAtI hai, phalasvarUpa vaha tyAjya ho jAtA hai| avasthAnurUpa upAya hI kAryakArI vyavahAra aura nizcaya mokSamArga to upAya haiN| upAyoM kA prayoga paristhiti ke anusAra hotA hai| jahA~ jisa upAya ke prayoga-yogya paristhiti hotI hai, usI ke prayoga se lakSya kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| jisa upAya ke prayogayogya paristhiti nahIM hai, usake prayoga se na kevala vaha viphala ho jAtA hai, apitu viparIta pariNAma bhI utpanna karatA hai| jaise sabhI oSadhiyA~ kisI na kisI roga ko dUra karane kA 1. "kiM ca nirvikalpasamAdhirUpe nizcaye sthitvA vyavahArastyAjya:, kiM tu tasyAM triguptAvasthAyAM vyavahAraH svayameva nAstIti taatpryaarthH| evaM nizcayanayena vyavahAraH pratiSiddha iti|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 276-277

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202 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana sAdhana haiM, kintu rogI ko hara oSadhi nahIM dI jA sktii| roga ke anusAra hI auSadha dene se vaha nIroga ho sakatA hai tathA yadi use aneka roga hoM to use usa roga kI davA pahale denI hogI, jisakI prabalatA hai aura jisakI cikitsA ho jAne para hI anya rogoM kI cikitsA sambhava hai| usake bAda anya rogoM kI davA dI jA sakatI hai| jaise kisI ko jvara aura nirbalatA donoM haiM, to usake jvara kI cikitsA pahale karanI hogii| anantara nirbalatA ko dUra karane ke lie puSTikArI oSadhiyA~ denI hogii| isI krama se vaha pUrNa svastha ho sakatA hai| isameM vyatikrama kara diyA to roga to na miTegA, rogI miTa jaayegaa| mokSa kI sAdhanA bhI isI prakAra hai| isameM rAga nAmaka roga ko miTAne kA lakSya hai, kyoMki rAga kA miTanA hI mokSa kA mArga hai| isIlie AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai - "svasti sAkSAnmokSamArgasAratvena zAstratAtparyabhUtAya viitraagtvaayeti|' tathA AcArya jayasena kA kathana hai - "Agama: sarvo'pi raagprihaaraarthm|" arthAt rAga kA abhAva honA hI mokSamArga kA sAra hai aura sampUrNa Agama meM rAgaparihAra kA hI upadeza hai| rAga do prakAra kA hotA hai - azubha aura shubh| inako miTAne kI do oSadhiyA~ haiM - vyavahAramokSamArga aura nishcymokssmaarg| prAthamika avasthA meM jaba azubharAga kI prabalatA hotI hai taba vyavahAramokSamArga nAmaka oSadhi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM yahI davA kAryakArI hotI hai| isa roga meM rogI nizcayamokSamArga kI auSadha sevana karane lAyaka nahIM hotA, jaise jvara kI avasthA meM vyakti puSTikAraka pAkAdi auSadhiyA~ sevana karane yogya nahIM hotaa| paMDita ToDaramalajI kahate haiM - "pAkAdika auSadhiyA~ puSTikArI haiM, parantu jvaravAn unheM grahaNa kare to atyadhika hAni hogii| isI prakAra U~cA dharma bahuta bhalA hai, parantu apane vikArabhAva dUra na hue hoM aura use grahaNa kiyA jAya to mahAn anartha hogaa| jaise apanA azubha vikAra to chUTA na ho aura nirvikalpa dazA aMgIkAra kI jAya to vikAra kI hI vRddhi hogii| isI prakAra bhojanAdi viSayoM meM Asakti ho aura koI Arambha-tyAgAdi dharma apanAe to hAni ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hogaa| aise hI vyApArAdi karane kA vikAra chUTA na ho aura tyAgabheSarUpa dharmadhAraNa kiyA jAya to doSa kI hI utpatti hogii|" ata: azubharAga kI avasthA meM vyavahAramokSamArgarUpa auSadha hI kAryakArI 1. paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikAvRtti/gAthA, 172 2. pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti, 3/67 3. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/AThavA~ adhikAra/pR0 301

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mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA / 203 hai| isI prakAra jaba azubharAga chUTa jAtA hai, kintu sAdhaka zubharAga meM hI ulajha kara raha jAtA hai, taba nizcayamokSamArgarUpa oSadhi kA prayoga Avazyaka hotA hai, kyoMki zubharAgarUpa roga kA unmUlana isI davA se sambhava hai / zubharAga zubharAga dvArA samApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra vyavahAramokSamArga evaM nizcayamokSamArgarUpa upAyoM kA prayoga sAdhaka kI sthiti para Azrita hai| unameM se koI bhI nirapekSarUpa se arthAt sAdhaka kI sthiti kA vicAra kiye binA, hara avasthA meM prayoga ke yogya nahIM hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki mokSa kI sAdhanA ekAntarUpa nahIM hai, anekAntAtmaka hai| zrI brahmadevasUri kA yaha kathana pUrva meM uddhRta kiyA jA cukA hai "prAthamikAnAM cittasthirIkaraNArthaM viSayakaSAyadurdhyAnavaJcanArthaM ca paramparayA muktikAraNamarhadAdiparadravyaM dhyeyaM pazcAt citte sthirIbhUte sAkSAnmuktikAraNaM svazuddhAtmatattvameva dhyeyaM, nAstyekAntaH / evaM sAdhyasAdhakabhAvaM jJAtvA dhyeyaviSaye vivAdo na karttavyaH / "" - prAthamika avasthA meM citta ko sthira karane tathA viSayakaSAyajanya durdhyAna ko rokane ke lie paramparayA mukti ke kAraNabhUta arahantAdi paJcaparameSThI dhyeya haiN| pazcAt citta sthira ho jAne para sAkSAt mukti kA hetubhUta nija zuddhAtmatattva hI dhyeya hai inameM se kisI eka ke hI dhyeya hone kA ekAnta nahIM hai| isa prakAra donoM dhyeyaviSayoM meM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva jAnakara dhyeya ke viSaya meM vivAda nahIM karanA cAhie | yahA~ sUrijI ne 'nAstyekAntaH' vacana dvArA mokSasAdhanA meM ekAntAtmakatA kA spaSTa zabdoM meM niSedha kara usake anekAntAtmaka hone kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| Agama meM pAtra - sApekSa upadeza pUrva meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai ki mokSa kI siddhi ke lie Agama meM bhinna-bhinna bhUmikA meM sthita sAdhakoM ko bhinna-bhinna sAdhanAoM ke upadeza die gae haiN| ve tIna haiM kevala vyavahAradharma, nizcayasahita vyavahAradharma tathA nizcayadharma | ina para prakAza DAlate hue paMDita ToDaramala jI kahate haiM "jina jIvoM ko nizcaya kA jJAna nahIM hai va upadeza dene para bhI nahIM ho sakatA, una mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ko kucha dharma- sanmukha hone para zrIguru vyavahAra hI kA upadeza dete haiM / tathA jinheM nizcaya-vyavahAra kA jJAna hai aura upadeza dene para ho sakatA hai aise samyagdRSTi evaM samyaktvasanmukha mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ko nizcayasahita vyavahAra kA upadeza dete haiM, 1. paramAtmaprakAza / brahmadevaTIkA 2/33

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204 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kyoMki zrIguru sabhI jIvoM kA upakAra karanA cAhate haiN| kisI jIva ko vizeSa dharma kA sAdhana na hotA jAnakara eka Akhar3I Adi kA hI upadeza dete haiM, jaise bhIla ko kaue kA mAMsa chor3ane kA upadeza diyA, gvAle ko namaskAramaMtra japane kA upadeza diyaa| kisI kisI ko tIvra kaSAya kA kArya chur3Akara pUjAprabhAvanAdi mandakaSAya kA kArya karane kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai / yadyapi kaSAya karanA burA hI hai, tathApi sampUrNa kaSAya na chUTate dekhakara jitanI chUTe utanA hI bhalA hogA, aisI dRSTi yahA~ rahatI hai| kabhI-kabhI naraka kA bhaya aura svarga kA lobha ( jo ki kaSAe~ haiM ) utpanna karake bhI pApa chur3Ate haiM aura dharma meM lagAte haiN| isa prakAra jaisA jIva ho vaisA upadeza dete haiN| ,1 isa pAtrAnusAra upadeza kA aucitya siddha karate hue paMDita jI kahate haiM "roga to zItAMga bhI hai aura jvara bhI hai, kintu zItAMga se maraNa hotA dekhakara vaidya rogI ko jvara hone kA upAya karatA hai aura jvara hone ke pazcAt usake jIne kI AzA ho to bAda meM jvara ko bhI dUra karane kA upAya karatA hai| isI - prakAra kaSAyeM bhI sabhI heya haiM, kintu kinhI jIvoM kI unase pApa meM pravRtti sambhAvita dekhakara zrIguru unameM puNyapreraka kaSAya jagAte haiN| pazcAt unameM saccI dharmabuddhi dikhAI detI hai, to usa kaSAya ko bhI miTAne kA prayatna karate haiM / " " 2 jo kevala vyavahAradharma meM hI magna rahate haiM aura AtmAnubhava kA prayatna nahIM karate unake lie guru nizcayadharma kA upadeza dete haiN| paMDita jI kA kathana hai ki "jinamata meM to eka rAgAdi miTAne kA prayojana hai| isalie kahIM tIvra rAgAdi chur3Akara mandarAgAdi karAne ke prayojana kA poSaNa kiyA gayA hai, kahIM sarvarAgAdi miTAne ke prayojana kI puSTi kI gaI hai, parantu rAgAdi bar3hAne kA prayojana kahIM nahIM haiM / " 3 svayogya dharmagrahaNa karane kA upadeza Agama meM sAdhaka kI yogyatA ke anusAra dharmopadeza diyA gayA hai aura sAdhaka ko bhI soca-vicAra kara svayogya dharma hI grahaNa karane ke lie sAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM paMDita ToDaramala jI kA nimna vaktavya dhyAna dene yogya hai - "Agama meM jo upadeza diye gaye haiM unheM samyagrUpa se pahacAna kara jo 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / AThavA~ adhikAra / pR0 278-280 2. vahI, pR0 281 3. vahI, pR0 303

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mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA / 205 apane yogya ho, use hI aMgIkAra karanA caahie| jaise vaidyakazAstroM meM aneka oSadhiyA~ batalAI gayI haiM, unheM jAnanA to cAhie, kintu grahaNa use hI karanA cAhie jisase apanA roga dUra ho| yadi apane ko zIta kA roga ho to uSNa oSadhi grahaNa kI jAya, zItala oSadhi grahaNa na kI jaay| yaha oSadhi dUsaroM ko lAbhakArI hai aisA samajhanA caahie| isI prakAra jainazAstroM meM aneka upadeza haiM, unheM jAnanA cAhie, kintu grahaNa use hI karanA cAhie jisase apanA vikAra dUra ho| vikAra kA poSaNa karanevAlA upadeza grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie, vaha dUsaroM ke lie hitakara hai aisA samajhanA caahie| jaise zAstroM meM kahIM nizcayapoSaka upadeza hai, kahIM vyavahArapoSaka / aba yadi apane meM vyavahAra kI adhikatA ( ekAnta vyavahAra ) ho to nizcayapoSaka upadeza aMgIkAra kara samyagrUpa se pravartana karanA caahie| yadi nizcaya kI adhikatA ( ekAntanizcaya ) ho to vyavahArapoSaka upadeza grahaNa kara samIcIna mArga apanAnA caahie| " "1 "viparIta upadeza grahaNa karane para hAni hI hogii| udAharaNArtha, koI vyavahArazraddhAna ( ekAntavyavahAra ke zraddhAna ) ke kAraNa AtmajJAna se bhraSTa ho rahA ho aura vyavahAra ke upadeza ko hI pradhAnatA dekara AtmajJAna kA udyama na kare, to saMsAra meM hI bhaTakatA rhegaa| isI prakAra koI nizcayazraddhAna ( ekAntanizcaya ke zraddhAna) ke kAraNa vairAgya se bhraSTa hokara svacchanda AcaraNa kara rahA ho aura nizcaya ke upadeza ko hI grahaNa kara viSayakaSAya kA poSaNa kare to anartha hI hogA / " 2 ataH svayogya dharma ke upadeza ko grahaNa karane se hI hita hotA hai| isI taraha jaba taka U~cA dharma grahaNa karane kI sAmarthya utpanna na huI ho, taba taka use grahaNa na karane ke lie bhI Agama meM sAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM paMDita ToDaramala jI ke vacana pUrva meM uddhRta kiye jA cuke haiM / svayogya dharma grahaNa karane kA yaha upadeza sAdhanApaddhati kI ekAntAtmakatA kA niSedha karatA hai| bhinna-bhinna bhUmikA meM bhinna-bhinna dharma grAhya paMDita jI kA kathana hai - "jaise koI oSadhi guNakArI hai, parantu apane ko jaba taka usase lAbha ho, tabhI taka grAhya hai| usake bAda vaha hAnikara hotI hai / udAharaNArtha, zIta miTa jAne para bhI koI uSNa oSadhi sevana karatA rahe, to ulaTakara uSNaroga ho jAyegA / isI prakAra bhale hI koI kriyA dhArmika ho, kintu 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / AThavA~ adhikAra/ pR0 298-299 2. vahI, pR0 299

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206 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana jaba taka usase hita ho tabhI taka grahaNa karane yogya hai| yadi ucca bhUmikA meM pahu~cane para bhI koI nimna bhUmikA kA dharma sevana karatA rahe, to hAni hogii| jaise pApa miTAne ke lie pratikramaNAdi dharmakAryoM kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, kintu AtmAnubhava hone para unakA vikalpa kiyA jAya to doSa hotA hai| isIlie samayasAra meM pratikramaNAdi ko viSa kahA hai| isI prakAra avratI ke lie vihita dharmakAryoM ko vratI kare to pApabandha hogaa|" yaha kathana isa tathya para prakAza DAlatA hai ki Agama meM bhinna-bhinna bhUmikA meM bhinna-bhinna dharmagrahaNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki sAdhaka ke lie koI eka hI sAdhanA sabhI bhUmikAoM meM upayukta nahIM hai| nimna bhUmikA meM nizcayasAdhanA upayukta nahIM hai, ucca bhUmikA meM vyavahArasAdhanA upayukta nahIM hai| bhinnabhinna bhUmikA meM bhinna-bhinna sAdhanA upayukta hai| isase siddha hai ki mokSa kI sAdhanA ekAntAtmaka nahIM hai, apitu anekAntAtmaka hai| vyavahAra kI heyopAdeyatA bhUmikAnusAra Agama meM vyavahAradharma ko sabhI avasthAoM meM heya nahIM batalAyA gayA hai, apitu jaba sAdhaka nizcayadharma kI sAdhanA ke yogya bana jAtA hai, taba heya batalAyA gayA hai| paramAtmaprakAza kI TIkA meM yogIndudeva evaM unake ziSya prabhAkarabhaTTa ke praznottara dvArA isa tathya ko acchI taraha prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| yogIndudeva kahate haiM -- "jo nizcayanaya se pApa-puNya ko samAna nahIM mAnatA vaha saMsAra meM bhaTakatA haiN|" taba ziSya prabhAkarabhaTTa prazna karatA hai - "yadi aisI bAta hai, to jo puNya-pApa ko samAna mAnakara baiTha jAte haiM, unheM Apa doSa kyoM dete haiM ?" isa para gurudeva uttara dete haiM - "yadi ve zuddhAtmAnubhUtirUpa nirvikalpa paramasamAdhi prApta karake aisA karate haiM to ucita hI hai, kintu yadi usa avasthA ko prApta kiye binA hI gRhasthAvasthA meM dAna-pUjAdi tyAga dete haiM, aura muni-avasthA meM SaDAvazyakAdi, to ve na zrAvaka rahate haiM, na saadhu| taba to doSa dene yogya hI haiN|" jayasenAcArya ne bhI paJcAstikAya, gAthA 172 kI TIkA meM aisA hI kahA 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/AThavA~ adhikAra/pR0 300-301 2. "tarhi ye kecana puNyapApadvayaM samAnaM kRtvA tiSThanti teSAM kimiti dUSaNaM dIyate bhavadbhiriti ? bhagavAnAha yadi zuddhAtmAnubhUtilakSaNaM triguptiguptavItarAganirvikalpaparamasamAdhi labdhvA tiSThanti tadA smmtmev| yadi punastathAvidhAmavasthAmalabhamAnA api santo gRhasthAvasthAyAM dAnapUjAdikaM tyajanti tapodhanAvasthAyAM SaDAvazyakAdikaM ca tyaktvobhayabhraSTAH santaH tiSThanti tadA dUSaNameveti taatprym|" paramAtmaprakAza/brahmadevaTIkA, 2/55

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mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA / 207 hai| mokSamArgaprakAzaka meM paMDita ToDaramala jI ne bhI isa tathya para prakAza DAlA hai| ve kahate haiM - "dravyAnuyoga meM nizcaya adhyAtma-upadeza kI pradhAnatA hai| vahA~ vyavahAradharma kA bhI niSedha karate haiN| jo jIva AtmAnubhava kA upAya nahIM karate aura bAhya kriyAkANDa meM magna haiM, unako vahA~ se udAsa karake AtmAnubhavanAdi meM lagAne hetu vratazIlasaMyamAdika ko hIna batalAte haiN|"1 isI grantha meM paMDita jI ne anyatra kahA hai - "jahA~ zuddhopayoga hotA jAne vahA~ to zubhakArya kA niSedha hI hai aura jahA~ azubhopayoga hotA jAne vahA~ prayatnapUrvaka zubha ko aMgIkAra karanA caahie|"2 zrI mAilla dhavala kA kathana hai ki svabhAva kI ArAdhanA ( svabhAva meM lIna hone arthAt zuddhopayoga ) ke samaya vyavahAra ko gauNa karanA caahie| unhoMne spaSTa kiyA hai ki jaise sarAgadazA ke jaghanya ( nimna ), madhyama aura utkRSTa bheda hote haiM, vaise hI vItarAgadazA ke bhI jaghanya, madhyama, utkRSTa bheda hote haiN| jaghanya dazA sAtaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai, usase Upara madhyama aura utkRSTa dazA hai| paJcamakAla meM sAta guNasthAna to ho hI sakate haiN| ata: saptama guNAsthAna meM svabhAva kI ArAdhanA sambhava hone se vahA~ vyavahAra ko gauNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrI mAilladhavala ke bhAva ko siddhAntacArya paM0 kailAzacandra jI ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai - "pahale, dUsare aura tIsare guNasthAna meM uttarottara mandarUpa se azubhopayoga hotA hai| cauthe, pA~caveM aura chaThe guNasthAna meM uttarottara adhikarUpa meM paramparayA zuddhopayoga kA sAdhaka zubhopayoga hotA hai| sAtaveM se bArahaveM guNasthAna meM jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ke bheda se ekadezazuddhanayarUpa zuddhopayoga hotA hai| ata: sAtaveM guNasthAna meM jaghanya vItarAga dazA hai| isalie usa avasthA meM vyavahAra ko gauNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai|" ina vivecanoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki vyavahAradharma sabhI avasthAoM meM heya nahIM hai, apitu jaba nizcayadharma ke avalambana kI sAmarthya A jAtI hai taba heya hai| isase yaha svayameva phalita hotA hai ki mokSa kI sAdhanA ekAntAtmaka nahIM hai| 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/AThavA~ adhikAra/pR0 284 2. vahI/saptama adhikAra/pR0 206 3. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra/gAthA 342, 344 4. vahI/vizeSArtha

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208 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana nizcaya-vyavahAra ke ekAnta avalambana kA niSedha mokSasAdhanA kI anekAntAtmakatA kA atyanta spaSTa pramANa yaha hai ki Agama meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra mokSamArgoM ke ekAnta avalambana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai aura unake parasparasApekSa arthAt anekAntAtmaka avalambana se hI mokSa kI siddhi batalAI gaI hai| yaha AcArya amRtacandra ke nimnalikhita nirUpaNa para dhyAna dene se spaSTa ho jAtA hai - "vItarAgabhAva hI sAkSAt mokSa kA hetu hai| vaha nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA avirodhakapUrvaka ( donoM kA AvazyakatAnusAra ) Azraya lene se hI siddha hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, prAthamika janoM kI buddhi meM dharma kA sthUla ( bAhya ) rUpa hI samajha meM AtA hai aura usI ke dvArA unakI dharmamArga meM pravRtti sambhava hotI hai| ata: unake lie vyavahAranayAtmaka bhinnasAdhya-sAdhanabhAva' ( svAtmA se bhinna jIvAdi tattvoM kA zraddhAna-jJAna evaM vratAdi sAdhanA ) kA Azraya lekara mokSamArga meM avatarita honA sukara hotA hai| jaise yaha zraddheya hai, yaha azraddheya hai; yaha zraddhAna kahalAtA hai, yaha azraddhAna; ise jJAna kahate haiM, ise ajJAna; yaha AcaraNIya hai, yaha anAcaraNIya; yaha cAritra hai, yaha acAritra - isa rUpa meM jaba ve karttavya-akartavya, kAraNa-kArya Adi kA bheda jAna lete haiM, taba unameM mokSa kA utsAha utpanna hotA hai aura vyavahAranayAtmaka sAdhanA ( jIvAdi tattvoM kA zraddhAna-jJAna evaM vratAdi sAdhanA ) dvArA dhIre-dhIre moharUpI malla kA unmUlana karate haiN| jaba kabhI ajJAnajanya pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara Atmadharma zithila ho jAtA hai, to apane ko sanmArga para lAne ke lie kaThora daNDanIti apanAte haiN| doSa ke anusAra bAra-bAra prAyazcitta karate haiM aura satata udyamazIla rahakara Atmabhinna jIvAdi tattvoM ke zraddhAna, jJAna evaM vratAdi kriyAoM dvArA AtmA kA saMskAra karate hue usameM thor3I-thor3I vizuddhi lAte haiM, jaise rajaka maile vastra ko zilAtala para pachAr3akara tathA vimala jala meM dhokara bhitrasAdhya-sAdhanabhAva dvArA zuddha karatA hai|" 1. sAdhya aura sAdhana kA bhinna-bhinna honA bhinna sAdhya-sAdhanabhAva kahalAtA hai| donoM kA abhinna honA abhinna sAdhya-sAdhanabhAva kahalAtA hai| 2. (ka) ".... sAkSAnmokSakAraNabhUtaparamavItarAgatvavizrAntasamastahRdayasya / tadidaM vItarAgatvaM vyavahAranizcayAvirodhenaivAnugamyamAnaM bhavati samIhitasiddhaye, na punrnythaa| vyavahAranayena bhinnasAdhya-sAdhanabhAvamavalambyAnAdibhedavAsitabuddhayaH. sukhenaivAvataranti tIrthaM praathmikaaH|" paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikAvRtti, 172 (kha) mokSamArgaprakAzaka/AThavA~ adhikAra/pR0 277-278 3. ".... tasyaivAtmano bhitraviSaya-zraddhAnajJAnacAritrairadhiropyamANasaMskArasya bhinnasAdhya sAdhanabhAvasya rajakazilAtala-sphAlyamAna-vimalasalilApluta-vihitAdhva-pariSvaGga

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mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA / 209 "tadanantara ve nizcayanaya kA Azraya lekara bhitrasAdhya-sAdhanabhAva kA avalambana chor3a dete haiM aura svAtmA ke darzana, jJAna aura anubhava meM samAhita hokara kramaza: parama samarasatA kA AsvAdana karate hue parama vItarAgabhAva ko prApta ho sAkSAt mokSa kA anubhava karate haiN|" vyavahAraikAnta se saMsAra-bhramaNa - "jo nizcayamokSamArga se nirapekSa hokara mAtra vyavahAramokSamArga kA avalambana karate haiM, ve AtmAnubhUti ke abhAva meM mokSa prApta nahIM kara pAte, puNyoM ke phalasvarUpa mAtra svargAdi ke kleza bhogate hue saMsAra meM hI bhaTakate rahate haiN|" nizcayaikAnta se kevala pApabandha - "jo kevala nizcayanaya kA Azraya lete haiM, ve samasta zubhapravRttirUpa karmakANDa ko ADambara mAnakara usase virakta ho jAte haiM aura netroM ko ardhanimIlita kara sukha se baiTha jAte haiM tathA aisA samajhate haiM ki hama AtmadhyAna kara rahe haiN| ve bhinnasAdhya-sAdhanabhAva ko heya samajhakara chor3a dete haiM tathA abhinasAdhya-sAdhanabhAva ( svAtmA kA zraddhAna-jJAna evaM anubhavarUpa sAdhanA ) ko upalabdha nahIM kara pAte, ata: bIca meM hI pramAdarUpI ( viSayakaSAyarUpI ) madirA ke mada se unakA citta niSkriya ho jAtA hai, jisase unakI dazA unmatta, mUchita athavA vikSipta vyaktiyoM ke samAna ho jAtI hai| ve munipada kI ora le jAne vAlI zubhapravRtti kA puNyabandha ke bhaya se avalambana nahIM karate aura vItarAgabhAvarUpa zuddhAtmasvarUpa meM sthiratA prApta huI nahIM hotI hai, ata: prakaTa-aprakaTa pramAda ke vazIbhUta ho azubhopayoga ke dvArA kevala pApabandha hI karate haiN|' madhyastha hone se hI mokSa - nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM meM se kisI eka kA hI avalambana na kara donoM meM atyanta madhyastha hone ( AvazyakatAnusAra donoM kA avalambana karane ) se hI mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai| madhyasthabhAva kA udAharaNa malinavAsasa iva mnaangmnaagvishuddhimdhigmy|" paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikAvRtti/gAthA 172 1. paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikAvRtti/gAthA 172 2. "atha ye tu kevalavyavahArAvalambinaste ..." suraloka-klezAdiparamparayA suciraM saMsAra sAgare bhrmntiiti|" vahI 3. "ye'tra kevalanizcayAvalambinaH sakalakriyAkarmakANDADambaraviraktabuddhayo'rdhamIlitavilocanapuTAH kimapi svabuddhyAvalokya yathAsukhamAsate, te khalvavadhIritabhinnasAdhyasAdhanabhAvA abhinnasAdhyasAdhanabhAvamalabhamAnA antarAla eva pramAdakAdambarImadabharAlasacetaso mattA iva, mUchitA iva ...kevalaM pApameva bdhnnti|" paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikAvRtti/gAthA 172

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210 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana dete hue AcArya amRcandra kahate haiM - "jo sAdhaka AtmasvarUpa meM sthiratA prApta karane meM sadA tatpara rahate haiM, kintu jaba pramAda kA udaya hotA hai taba zAstravihita kriyAkANDa ( zubhapravRtti ) dvArA usakA nirodha karate haiM aura puna: AtmasvarUpa meM lIna ho jAte haiM, ve hI zAzvata mokSapada ke bhoktA hote haiN|" AcArya amRtacandra jI ke isa nirUpaNa se acchI taraha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki Agama meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke ekAnta avalambana kA niSedha karate hue unake parasparasApekSa yA anekAntarUpa se ( AvazyakatAnusAra donoM ke ) avalambana dvArA hI mokSa kI siddhi batalAI gaI hai| AcArya jayasena ne bhI aisA hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sarvathAnugamyaH syAdvAdaH ___ Agama meM utsarga aura apavAda ke ekAnta Azraya kA niSedha karake bhI sAdhanA kI anekAntAtmakatA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| unake ekAnta Azraya ke niSedha kA nirUpaNa AcArya amRtacandra jI ne pravacanasAra kI TIkA' meM kiyA hai| usakA sAra isa prakAra hai - bAla, vRddha, tapa:zrAnta tathA rugNa muni ke lie bhI zuddhAtmatattva ke sAdhanabhUta saMyama kI rakSA hetu yathAzakti kaThora AcaraNa hI pAlanIya hai, yaha utsarga ( sAmAnya niyama ) hai| saMyama ke sAdhanabhUta zarIra kI rakSA ke lie yathAzakti mRdu AcaraNa hI AcaraNIya hai, yaha apavAda ( vizeSa niyama ) hai| paraspara nirapekSarUpa meM ye donoM hI ahitakara haiN| zuddhAtmatattva ke sAdhanabhUta saMyama kI rakSA ke lie yathAzakti kaThora AcaraNa karate hue saMyama ke sAdhanabhUta zarIra kI rakSA ke lie yathAzakti mRdu AcaraNa bhI AcaraNIya hai, yaha apavAdasahita utsarga hai| tathA saMyama ke sAdhanabhUta zarIra kI rakSA ke lie yathAzakti mRdu AcaraNa karate hue zuddhAtmatattva ke sAdhanabhUta saMyama kI rakSA ke lie yathAzakti kaThora AcaraNa bhI AcaraNIya hai, yaha utsargasApekSa apavAda hai| 1. "ye tu nizcayavyavahArayoranyatarAnavalambanenAtyantamadhyasthIbhUtAH zuddhacaitanyarUpAtma tattvavizrAntiviracanonmukhAH pramAdodayAnuvRttinirvartikAM kriyAM kriyAkANDa pariNati-mAhAtmyAnivArayanto'tyantamudAsInA yathAzaktyAtmAnamAtmanAtmani saJcetayamAnA nityopayuktA nivasanti te khalu zabdabrahmaphalasya zAzvatasya bhoktAro bhvnti|" paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikAvRtti/gAthA 172 2. vahI/tAtparyavRtti 3. pravacanasAra, 3/30-31

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mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA / 211 ina apavAdasApekSa utsarga tathA utsargasApekSa apavAda se hI cAritra kI rakSA hotI hai| kyoMki mRdu AcaraNa dvArA thor3A bahuta doSa to lagatA hI hai, isa bhaya se zarIra kI cintA kiye binA kaThora AcaraNa hI kiyA gayA, to zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para pUrvakRt puNyoM se svarga prApta hogaa| vahA~ saMyama sambhava na hone se aura bhI adhika doSa lgegaa| ata: adhika doSa kI apekSA alpadoSa vAlA apavAdasApekSa utsarga hI zreyaskara hai|' tathA mRdu AcaraNa dvArA alpadoSa hI to lagatA hai, aisA socakara svacchandarUpa se mRdu AcaraNa kiyA gayA, to isa loka meM hI saMyama kA vinAza ho jAyegA, jisase mahAn doSa lgegaa| ata: utsargasApekSa apavAda hI zreyaskara hai| phalasvarUpa utsarga aura apavAda ke parasparavirodha ( ekAnta anugamana ) se hone vAlI cAritra kI hAni kA nivAraNa karanA caahie| isI hetu utsarga aura apavAda kI parasparasApekSatA se siddha syAdvAda sarvathA anugamya hai - "ataH sarvathotsargApavAdavirodhadausthityamAcaraNasya pratiSedhyaM tadarthameva - sarvathAnugamyazca parasparasApekSotsargApavAdavijRmbhitavRttiH syaadvaadH|"2 tAtparya yaha hai ki sAdhanA meM syAdvAda yA anekAnta kA anusaraNa karane se hI cAritra kI rakSA hotI hai|' | ubhayanayAyattA pAramezvarI tIrthapravartanA ___"sarvajJa vItarAga dvArA upadiSTa mokSamArga kI siddhi nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina donoM nayoM ke adhIna hai" AcArya amRtacandra jI ke ye vacana uccasvara meM sAdhanA kI anekAntAtmakatA kA udghoSa karate haiN| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki mokSa kI sAdhanA anekAntAtmaka nahIM hai, vaha kevala nizcayanayAzrita hai, vyavahAranaya to sAdhanA kI apekSA sarvatra heya hI hai| yaha mAnyatA kitanI Agamaviruddha hai, yaha uparyukta vivecana se pramANita ho jAtA hai| "sarvathAnugamyaH syAdvAdaH", "ubhayanayAyattA tIrthapravartanA" tathA "nAstyekAntaH" ina tIna AptavacanoM se hI yaha mAnyatA asat siddha ho jAtI hai| paMDita ToDaramala jI kA kathana hai - "sarva jinamata kA cihna syAdvAda hai 1. "alpalepaM bahulAbhamapavAdasApekSamutsarga sviikroti|' pravacanasAra/tAtparyavRtti 3/31 2. vahI/tattvapradIpikAvRtti 3/31 3. "atha nizcayavyavahArasaMjJayorutsaryApavAdayoH kathaMcitparasparasApekSabhAvaM sthApayan cAritra sya rakSAM drshyti|" vahI/tAtparyavRtti 3/31 4. paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikAvRtti/gAthA 159 5. paramAtmaprakAza/brahmadevaTIkA 2/33

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212 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana aura syAt pada kA artha 'kathaMcit' hai| isalie jo upadeza diyA gayA ho use sarvathA nahIM jAna lenA caahie| upadeza ke artha ko jAnakara yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki yaha upadeza kisa prakAra hai, kisa prayojanasahita hai, kisa jIva ko kAryakArI hai ? yaha saba vicAra karake usakA yathArtha artha grahaNa kiyA jAya, pazcAta apanI dazA dekhakara jo upadeza jisa prakAra apane ko kAryakArI ho, use usI prakAra aMgIkAra kiyA jAya aura jo upadeza jAnane yogya ho, use yathArtha jAna liyA jaay| isa prakAra upadeza ke phala ko prApta karanA caahie|' syAtpada kI sApekSatA-sahita samyagjJAna dvArA jo jIva jina vacanoM meM ramate haiM, ve jIva zIghra hI zuddhAtmasvarUpa ko prApta hote haiN|" samayasAra ke suprasiddha vyAkhyAkAra paMDita jayacandra jI kahate haiM - "vyavahAranaya ko kathaMcit asatyArtha kahA gayA hai| isase yadi koI use sarvathA asatyArtha jAnakara chor3a de, to vaha zubhopayogarUpa vyavahAra chor3a degA aura cU~ki zuddhopayoga kI sAkSAt prApti huI nahIM hai, isalie ulTA azubhopayoga meM hI Akara bhraSTa hogaa| isase vaha svacchanda pravRtti karegA, taba narakAdi gati tathA paramparA se nigoda ko prApta hokara saMsAra meM hI bhaTakegA, isaliye sAkSAt zuddhanaya kA viSaya jo zuddha AtmA hai usakI prApti jaba taka na ho, taba taka vyavahAra bhI prayojanavAn hai, aisA syAdvAdamata meM zrIguruoM kA upadeza hai|"3 ina vaktavyoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki sAdhanA ke viSaya meM bhagavAn kA upadeza ekAntAtmaka nahIM hai, apitu syAdvAdAtmaka yA anekAntAtmaka hai| jaba sAdhanA kA upadeza hI anekAntAtmaka hai, taba sAdhanA anekAntAtmaka kaise na hogI ? donoM nayoM kI sApekSa upAdeyatA kA kathana yaha mAnyatA samIcIna nahIM hai ki sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vyavahAranaya sarvatra heya hai, kyoMki Agama meM use sAdhanA kI dRSTi se kathaMcit upAdeya batalAyA gayA hai| AcArya jayasena kahate haiM - __. "cidAnandaikasvabhAvo nijazuddhAtmaiva zuddhanizcayanayenopAdeyaM bhedaratnatrayasvarUpaM tu upAdeyamabhedaratnatrayasAdhakatvAd vyvhaarennopaadeymiti|" ___- cidAnandaikasvabhAva nija zuddhAtmA hI zuddhanizcayanaya se upAdeya hai| 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka/AThavA~ adhikAra/pR0 301 2. vahI, pR0 305 3. samayasAra/bhAvArtha/gAthA 12 4. vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 116-120

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mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA / 213 bhedaratnatraya bhI upAdeya hai, kintu abhedaratnatraya kA sAdhaka hone se vyavahAranaya se upAdeya hai| "vyavahAramokSamArge nizcayaratnatrayasyopAdeyabhUtasya kAraNabhUtatvAdupAdeyaH paramparayA jIvasya pavitratAkAraNatvAt pavitraH " / "" - upAdeyabhUta nizcayaratnatraya kA kAraNa hone se vyavahAramokSamArga upAdeya hai tathA paramparayA jIva kI pavitratA kA kAraNa hone se pavitra hai / yahA~ spaSTa zabdoM meM nizcayamokSamArga ko nizcayanaya se tathA vyavahAramokSamArga ko vyavahAranaya se upAdeya nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM yahA~ siddhAntAcArya paMDita kailAzacandra jI kA nimna vaktavya ullekhanIya hai "yadi zubhopayoga sarvathA heya hotA to AcArya amRtacandra zrAvakAcAra kI racanA na karate aura na use puruSArthasiddhayupAya nAma dete| zrAvaka kA AcAra bhI puruSArtha ( mokSa ) kI siddhi kA upAya hai, anyathA dharma ke zrAvakadharma aura munidharma do bheda nahIM hote|' ,2 ye zabda atyanta mArmikatA se vyavahAranaya kI ApekSika upAdeyatA ko anAvRta karate haiN| yaha bAta gambhIratA se vicAraNIya hai ki vyavahAramokSamArga kA upadeza vItarAga sarvajJa ne diyA hai, kisI sAdhAraNa manuSya ne nahIM / yadi vaha sarvathA heya ( chor3ane yogya ) hotA, to tIrthaGkara paramadeva use nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka batalAkara vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM upAdeya ( grahaNa karane yogya ) na batalAte / Agama meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM kI isa sApekSa upAdeyatA ke varNana se mokSasAdhanA kI anekAntAtmakatA sUcita hotI hai| ---- uparyukta sampUrNa vivecana kA sAra yaha hai ki yadyapi nizcayadharma hI mokSa kA mArga hai, kyoMki usameM zubhAzubha donoM prakAra kI rAga pravRtti kA abhAva hotA hai, jo zubhAzubha donoM prakAra ke karmoM ke saMvara aura nirjarA kA kAraNa hai, tathApi usakA ekAntarUpa se avalambana sambhava nahIM hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki viSayakaSAyoM kI tIvratA se yukta prAthamika bhUmikA meM jIva zubha aura azubha donoM rAgoM se nivRtta hokara nirvikalpasamAdhi meM sthita nahIM ho sakatA / isa avasthA meM zubhapravRtti arthAt vyavahAradharma ke Azraya dvArA kevala azubharAga kI nivRtti kI jA sakatI hai, jisase sAdhaka meM nizcayadharma kI sAdhanA ke yogya kSamatA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| usake AvirbhUta hone para nizcayadharma ke avalambana dvArA zubharAga kI bhI nivRtti sambhava 1. samayasAra/ tAtparyavRtti / gAthA 161 - 163 2. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra/prastAvanA / pR0 40

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214 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana hotI hai| isa nizcayadharma kI uttarottara vRddhi karate hue jIva samasta karmoM se mokSa prApta kara letA hai| nizcayadharma ke avalambana kI sAmarthya A jAne para vyavahAradharma kAryakArI nahIM hotaa| isa taraha nimna bhUmikA meM nizcayadharma avalambanayogya nahIM hotA aura ucca bhUmikA meM vyavahAradharma avalambanIya nahIM hai| nimna bhUmikA meM nizcayasApekSa vyavahAradharma tathA ucca bhUmikA meM vyavahArasApekSa nizcayadharma ke avalambana se hI mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai| ataH mokSa kI sAdhanA anekAntAtmaka anekAntAtmakatA kI manovaijJAnika bhitti sAdhanA kI anekAntAtmakatA manovaijJAnika bhitti para Azrita hai| vaha bhitti hai sAdhaka kI saamrthy| mokSamArga para agrasara hone ke lie sAdhaka meM jisa samaya jitanI sAdhanAsAmarthya hotI hai, utanI hI sAdhanA kA vidhAna jinendradeva ne kiyA hai| isa kAraNa usameM do mArga. bana gae haiM : vyavahAra aura nishcy| yahI usakI anekAntAtmakatA kA hetu hai| isa anekAntAtmakatA kA ullaMghana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ullaMghana kA tAtparya hai mokSa ko asambhava banA denaa| isa viSaya meM AcArya amRtacandra ke ye vacana smaraNIya haiM - magnAH karmanayAvalambanaparA jJAnaM na jAnAnti ye magnA jJAnanayaiSiNo'pi yadatisvacchandamandodyamAH / vizvasyopari te taranti satataM jJAnaM bhavanta: svayaM ye kurvanti na karma jAtu na vazaM yAnti pramAdasya ca / / ' - AtmAnubhUti ( zuddhopayoga ) se vimukha hokara jo kevala karmakANDa ko hI mokSamArga samajhate haiM aura usameM ulajhe rahate haiM, ve bhI bhavasAgara meM DUba jAte haiM aura jo ekamAtra AtmAnubhUti ko hI upAdeya samajhakara use prApta kiye binA hI bAhya karmakANDa ko tyAga dete haiM aura svacchanda hokara pramAdI bana jAte haiM, ve bhI DUba jAte haiN| bhavasAgara ke Upara vahI tairate haiM, jo AtmAnubhUti ke yogya banakara, usameM sthita hokara karmakANDa se virata hote haiM tathA AtmAnubhUti ke abhAva meM usakA avalambana lekara pramAda ke vazIbhUta nahIM hote| isa kalaza kA bhAvArtha pUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ne nimnalikhita padya meM bar3e sundara zabdoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai - jJAna binA raTa nizcaya-nizcaya nizcayavAdI bhI DUbe, kriyAkalApI bhI ye DUbe, DUbe saMyama se Ube / 1. samayasAra/kalaza 111

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pramatta bana ke karma na karate akampa nizcaya zaila rahe, AtmajJAna meM lIna kintu muni tIna loka pai taira rahe / / ' mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA / 215 arthAt sAdhanA meM anekAnta ke ullaMghana se ekAntavyavahArAvalambI bhI bhavasAgara meM hI gote lagAte rahate haiM aura ekAntanizcayAvalambI bhI / nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM kA anekAntarUpa se ( AvazyakatAnusAra ) avalambana karane para hI sAdhaka bhavasAgara se pAra hotA hai / saMkSepa meM, nizcayamokSamArga mokSa kA sAdhaka hai aura vyavahAramokSamArga nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka hai / nizcayamokSamArga ke binA mokSa kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI aura vyavahAramokSamArga ke binA nizcayamokSamArga kI siddhi asambhava hai| ataH donoM hI mokSasiddhi ke upAya haiN| 1. nijAmRtapAna, 12/111

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ekAdaza adhyAya upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ pUrvacarcita paNDitavarga ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke svarUpa ko yA to samyagrUpa se grahaNa nahIM kiyA athavA use jAnabUjhakara tor3A-maror3A hai aura use hI samIcIna batalAte hue aneka viSayoM kI Agamaviruddha vyAkhyAe~ kI haiN| unameM se eka hai - upAdAna aura nimitt| jaisA ki pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, jo vastu svayaM kAryarUpa meM pariNata hotI hai vaha upAdAna kahalAtI hai aura jo usake pariNamana meM bAhyata: sahAyaka hotI hai vaha nimittaH jaise miTTI svayaM ghaTarUpa meM pariNata hotI hai isalie vaha ghaTa kA upAdAna kAraNa hai aura kumbhakAra usake ghaTarUpa-pariNamana meM bAhyata: sahAyaka hotA hai, ata: ghaTa kA nimitta kAraNa hai| isa prakAra nimitta eka vAstavikatA hai, kinta kathita paNDitavarga ne usake viSaya meM aneka mithyA dhAraNAe~ pracalita kI haiN| unake mithyAtva kA pradarzana isa adhyAya kA viSaya hai| pahalI mithyA dhAraNA yaha phailAI gaI hai ki koI bhI vastu anya vastu ke kArya kA vAstava meM nimitta nahIM hotI, apitu use upacAra se nimitta kahA jAtA hai| ve kahate haiM - "eka vastu ke kArya kA dUsarI vastu ko nimittakartA kahanA miTTI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahane ke samAna upacaritavacana hI hai|" "eka dravya dUsare dravya ke kArya meM sahAyatArUpa vyApAra karatA hai, yaha kathana-mAtra hai| pratyeka dravya apanA-apanA vyApAra svayaM karatA hai, para unake eka sAtha hone kA niyama hai| mAtra isalie vahA~ upAdAna se bhinna dUsare dravya ke kArya meM nimitta-vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai|" ___yaha dhAraNA kitanI mithyA hai, isakA bodha nimnalikhita yuktiyoM aura ArSavacanoM se bhalIbhA~ti ho jAtA hai| 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 1/pR0 838 2. vahI/bhAga 2/pR0 835

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 217 Aropa vAstavika dharma kA hI kiyA jAtA hai eka vastu para dUsarI vastu ke dharma kA Aropa upacAra kahalAtA hai| upacAra ke niyama ke anusAra kisI vastu para usI dharma kA Aropa kiyA jA sakatA hai jo anyatra prasiddha ho, arthAt jisakI kisI na kisI vastu meM vAstava meM sattA pAyI jaay| jisa dharma kI loka meM sattA hI na ho usakA Aropa upacAra nahIM kahalAtA, jaisA ki bhaTTa akalaMkadeva kA kathana hai - "sati mukhye loke upacAro dRzyate, yathA sati siMhe .... ..... anyatra krauryazauryAdiguNasAdharmyAt siMhopacAraH kriyte| na ca tatheha mukhyaM prmaannmsti| tadabhAvAt phale pramANopacAro na yujyte|'' - loka meM mukhya vastu ke hone para hI usakA anyatra upacAra dekhA jAtA hai, jaise siMha vAstava meM hotA hai, isIlie krauryazauryAdiguNoM kI samAnatA ke kAraNa kisI bAlaka meM siMhatva kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| kintu yahA~ to mukhyavastubhUta pramANa kI hI sattA nahIM hai, isalie usake phala meM pramANatva kA upacAra upapanna nahIM hotaa| dhavalAkAra ne bhI kahA hai, "Na covayAreNa daMsaNAvaraNaNiddeso, muhiyassAbhAve uvayArANuvavattIdo' arthAt ( darzana guNa ko asvIkAra karane para ) yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki darzanAvaraNa kA nirdeza kevala upacAra se kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki mukhya vastu ke abhAva meM upacAra kI upapatti nahIM hotI ( arthat yadi darzanAvaraNa vAstava meM na ho to usakA anyatra upacAra sambhava nahIM hai)| ukta paMDitajana svayaM svIkAra karate haiM ki "jo dharma loka meM pAyA jAtA hai, usI kA eka dravya ke Azraya se dUsare dravya para Aropa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisa dharma kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai, usakA kisI para Aropa karanA bhI nahIM bntaa| udAharaNArtha, loka meM bandhyAsuta yA AkAzakusuma nahIM pAye jAte, ata: unakA kisI para Aropa bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|" upacAra ke isa niyama se siddha hai ki yadi eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu ke kArya kA upacAra se nimitta kahA jAtA hai, to loka meM kahIM na kahIM eka vastu dUsarI vastu ke kArya kA nimitta vAstava meM hotI hai, tabhI to usake nimittarUpa dharma kA kahIM aura upacAra karanA sambhava hotA hai| loka meM nimitta kI mukhyarUpa se sattA 1. tattvArtharAjavArtika/adhyAya 1/sUtra 12 2. dhavalA/pustaka 7/khaNDa 2/bhAga 1/sUtra 56 3. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tatvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 497

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218 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana na ho, to usakA anyatra upacAra bhI upapanna na hogaa| ghRta kI mukhyarUpa se ( vAstava meM ) sattA hotI hai, tabhI to usakA miTTI para Aropa kara mRtkumbha ko ghRtakumbha kahA jAtA hai| yadi loka meM ghI kA astitva na ho, to kyA kisI ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahA jA sakatA hai ? isa prakAra ukta paNDitajana upacAra ke isa niyama ko svIkAra kara svayaM hI nimitta ko sarvathA asatya mAnane kI apanI dhAraNA mithyA siddha kara dete haiN| nimitta ke upacAra kA koI prayojana nahIM upacAra kA dUsarA niyama yaha hai ki vaha kisI prayojana se kiyA jAtA hai| prayojana ke abhAva meM upacAra kI pravRtti nahIM hotii| aba prazna hai ki jo vastu nimitta nahIM hai, use upacAra se nimitta kahane kA kyA prayojana hai ? ukta paMDitavarga kA kathana hai ki mAtra eka sAtha hone ke niyama ke kAraNa upAdAna se bhinna padArtha ko upacAra se nimitta kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ prazna hai ki jo padArtha kevala sAtha rahatA hai, kucha sahAyatA nahIM karatA use sahacara kahA jAnA cAhie, usameM kAraNavAcaka 'nimitta' saMjJA kA upacAra kisa prayojana se kiyA jAtA hai ? vicAra karane para koI bhI prayojana pratIta nahIM hotaa| isalie paMDitajanoM kA yaha kathana ayuktisaMgata ThaharatA hai ki mAtra eka sAtha hone ke niyama ke kAraNa upAdAna se bhinna padArtha meM nimittabhAva kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| __Agama meM kahIM bhI kisI padArtha ko upacAra se nimitta nahIM kahA gayA hai, jo mukhyata: nimitta hai usI ke lie 'nimitta' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, kyoMki animitta ko nimitta kahane kA koI prayojana hI nahIM hai| yahA~ prazna uTha sakatA hai ki yadi aisA hai to Agama meM 'kumbhakAra vyavahAranaya se ghaTa kA nimitta hai' athavA 'dharmadravya vyavahAranaya se jIva aura pudgala kI gati kA nimitta hai aisA kyoM kahA gayA hai ? samAdhAna yaha hai ki nimittanaimittikasambandha bhinna vastuoM meM hotA hai, ata: bhinnavastusambandha kI dizA se avalokana karanevAle vyavahAranaya se hI vaha anubhava meM AtA hai| yahI darzAne ke lie kumbhakArAdi ko vyavahAranaya se ghaTAdi kA nimitta kahA gayA hai, animitta meM nimitta kA upacAra karane ke kAraNa nhiiN| vyavahAranaya kA viSaya hone se yaha nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki nimitta-naimittika sambandha kA kathana upacAra se kiyA jAtA hai, ata: asatya hai| tattvArthazlokavArtika meM kahA gayA hai - 1. "na tau tayomukhyahetU, kintu vyavahAranayavyavasthApitau udaasiinau|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 89

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 219 "tadevaM vyavahAranayasamAzrayaNe kAryakAraNabhAvo dviSThaH sambandhaH saMyogasamavAyAdivat pratItisiddhatvAt pAramArthika eva na puna: kalpanAropita: srvthaapynvdytvaat| - vyavahAranaya ke Azraya se parAmarza karane para do padArthoM meM rahanevAlA kAryakAraNasambandha ( nimitta-naimittikasambandha ) saMyoga, samavAya Adi sambandhoM ke samAna anubhava meM AtA hai| ata: anubhavasiddha hone se pAramArthika hI hai, kalpanAropita nhiiN| prayojanavaza kartRkarmatva kA upacAra sAra yaha hai ki Agama meM jahA~-jahA~ bhinna padArthoM meM nimittanaimittika bhAva batalAyA gayA hai, vahA~-vahA~ mukhyarUpa se hone ke kAraNa hI batalAyA gayA hai, upacAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| hA~, nimitta-naimittikasambandha ke kAraNa nimitta-naimittikabhUta padArthoM meM prayojanavaza kartA-karmabhAva kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai, jaisA ki AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai - ___ "evamanayorAtmaprakRtyoH kartRkarmabhAvAbhAve'pyanyonyanimittanaimittikabhAvena dvayorapi bandho dRssttH| tataH saMsAraH tata eva ca tayoH krtRkrmvyvhaarH|2 -yadyapi AtmA aura karma meM kartRkarmabhAva nahIM hai, tathApi nimittanaimittikabhAva hone se donoM kA paraspara bandha hotA hai, jo saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| isIlie unameM kartA-karma kA vyavahAra ( upacAra ) hotA hai| uparyukta vivecana se sthita hotA hai ki 'nimitta' saMjJA aupacArika nahIM hai, yathArtha hai| hA~ nimittabhUta padArtha ke lie 'kartA' saMjJA aupacArika hai| nimittabhAva svabhAvagata - dravya ke svabhAva kA athavA usake kArya ( vyApAra ) ke svabhAva kA anya dravya kI kAryotpatti sambhava ho sakane ke anukUla honA hI nimittabhAva hai, jaise kumbhakAra ke ghaTotpatti ke anukUla honevAle zArIrika aura mAnasika vyApAra meM ghaTa ke prati nimittabhAva hai| ata: nimittabhAva dravya ke svabhAva meM athavA usake kArya ke svabhAva meM vidyamAna hotA hai| dharmadravya ke svabhAva meM jIva aura padgala kI gati ke prati nimittabhAva vidyamAna hai, adharmadravya ke svabhAva meM unakI sthiti ke prati nimittabhAva hai, AkAzadravya ke svabhAva meM samasta dravyoM kA avagAhanahetutva maujUda 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika/adhyAya 1/sUtra 7/pR0 151 2. samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 312-313 3. "kalazasambhavAnukUlaM vyApAraM kurvANa: " / " vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 84

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220 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana hai| jJAnAvaraNa karma ke udaya meM jIva kA jJAna AvRta hone kA nimittabhAva hai, darzanAvaraNa ke udaya meM darzana ke AvRta hone kA, darzanamohanIya ke udaya meM zraddhA ke viparIta dizA meM jAne kA aura cAritramohanIya ke udaya meM cAritra ke mohita hone kA nimittabhAva hai| jIva ke zubhAzubhabhAvoM meM pudgala ke karmarUpa se pariNamita hone ke anukUla svabhAva hai tathA zuddhabhAva meM karmoM ke saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSarUpa se pariNamita hone ke anukUla svabhAva kI sattA hai| jaba ( jisa kAla meM ) kisI dravya ko apanI kAryotpatti ke anukUla svabhAvavAle dravya kA samparka prApta hotA hai, taba vaha svakAryarUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai| ata: pUrvokta vidvajjanoM kA yaha kathana ThIka hai ki eka dravya dUsare dravya ke kArya meM sahAyatArUpa vyApAra nahIM krtaa| isakI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| padArthoM ke svabhAva meM nimittabhAva rahane ke kAraNa anukUla padArtha kA saMyoga hone para yaha apane Apa hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne kahA bhI hai - "jIva ke pariNAmoM kA hetu milane para pudgala dravya ( svayameva ) karmarUpa se pariNamita ho jAtA hai aura pudgalakarmoM kA nimitta prApta hone para jIva bhI svata: zubhAzubhabhAvarUpa se pariNamana karane lagatA hai|" yadi nimittabhUta padArtha kA svabhAva aisA na ho ki usase upAdAna kI kAryasAmarthya kA avarodha dara ho sake, to use nimitta hI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mAtra rasma-adAyagI ke lie to kisI ko nimitta nAma diyA nahIM jAtA hai| aSTasahasrI meM kahA gayA hai - "tadasAmarthyamakhaNDayadakiJcitkaraM kiM sahakArikAraNaM syaat|"2 Azaya yaha hai ki kAryotpAdana-kSamatA hote hue bhI, yadi anukUla paristhiti kA abhAva ho to upAdAna kAryotpatti meM asamartha rahatA hai| usa asAmarthya ko dUra na karate hue yadi sahakArI kAraNa ( nimitta ) akiJcitkara banA rahatA hai, to kyA vaha sahakArI kAraNa kahalA sakatA hai ? isa kathana se yahI bAta puSTa hotI hai ki nimittabhUta padArtha ke svabhAva meM hI vaha dharma hotA hai, jisase upAdAna kI kArya-pariNati meM bAdhaka tattva samApta ho jAtA hai aura anukUla paristhiti nirmita ho jAtI hai| 1. jIvapariNAmahe, kammattaM puggalA pariNamaMti / puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvo vi pariNamai / / samayasAra/gAthA 80 2. aSTasahasrI, pR0 105

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upAdAnanimittaMviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 221 nimitta ke binA kArya asambhava dharmadravya ke binA jIva aura pudgala kI gati - pariNati asambhava hai, adharmadravya ke binA sthiti - pariNAma asambhava hai, AkAza ke binA dravyoM kA avagAhana sambhava nahIM hai, kAla ke abhAva meM vartanA nahIM ho sakatI, karmodaya ke abhAva meM jIva ke moharAgAdi pariNAma asambhava haiN| mithyAtvakaSAya ke abhAva meM karmabandha sambhava nahIM hai| zuddhopayoga na hone para saMvara- nirjarA - mokSa asambhava haiM / kumbhakAra ke ghaTasambhavAnukUla yogopayoga ke binA ghaTotpatti kA abhAva nizcita hai / bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne nimnalikhita vyAkhyAna meM jora dekara kahA hai ki nimitta ke abhAva meM kArya kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI -- " isa loka meM koI bhI kArya aneka kAraNoM se siddha hone yogya dekhA jAtA hai| jaise miTTI kA piNDa ghaTakAryarUpa pariNamana karane meM Abhyantara sAmarthya rakhate hue bhI kumhAra, daNDa, cakra, sUtra, jala, AkAza Adi aneka bAhya upakaraNoM kI apekSA rakhatA hai aura unake hone para hI ghaTaparyAya ke rUpa meM AvirbhUta hotA hai| kumhAra Adi bAhya sAdhanoM ke sannidhAna ke binA akelA mRtpiNDa ghaTarUpa se utpanna hone meM samartha nahIM hai|' 11 " AtmAtmanA rAgAdInAmakAraka eva / ,2 paradravyamevAtmano rAgAdibhAvanimittamastu " AtmA svayaM to rAgAdi bhAvoM kA akarttA hI hai| paradravya hI rAgAdibhAvoM kI utpatti kA nimitta hai / yaha kathana bhI isa tathya ko rekhAMkita karatA hai ki pudgalakarmarUpa nimitta ke abhAva meM rAgAdirUpa kArya kI utpatti asambhava hai| anvayavyatireka kI apekSA 'nimitta' saMjJA yataH nimitta ke binA kArya kI utpatti asambhava hai, isalie nimitta use kahate haiM, jisake sadbhAva meM kArya kA sadbhAva hotA hai aura abhAva meM kArya kA abhaav| 'nimitta' zabda kAraNa kA paryAvAcI hai aura zrI vIrasenAcArya ne pratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi , 1. " iha loke kAryamanekopakaraNasAdhyaM dRSTaM yathA mRtpiNDo ghaTakAryapariNAmaprAptiM prati gRhItAbhyantarasAmarthyaH, bAhyakulAladaNDacakrasUtrodaka- kAlAkAzAdyanekopakaraNApekSaH ghttpryaayennaavirbhvti| naika eva mRtpiNDaH kulAlAdibAhyasAdhanasannidhAnena vinA ghaTAtmanAvirbhavituM samarthaH / " tattvArthavArtika/adhyAya 5 / sUtra 17 2. samayasAra / AtmakhyAti /gAthA 283-285 3. " ko bhavaH ? AyurnAmakarmodayanimitta AtmanaH paryAyo bhavaH / pratyayaH kAraNaM nimittmitynaarthntrm|" sarvArthasiddhi / adhyAya 1 / sUtra 21

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222 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kaSAyoM ke bandhapratyaya kA nirNaya karate hue kAraNa ( pratyaya, nimitta ) kA yahI lakSaNa batalAyA hai - ___ "jassaNNaya-vadiregehi jassaNNayavadiregA hoti taM tassa kajjamiyaraM ca kaarnnN|" -jisake anvaya aura vyatireka ke sAtha jisakA anvaya aura vyatireka hotA hai, vaha usakA kArya hotA hai aura dUsarA kaarnn| jaise pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA bandha svayaM ke udaya meM hI hotA hai aura svayaM ke udayAbhAva meM bandha kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai, isalie pratyAkhyAnavaraNa kaSAya kA udaya hI apane bandha kA kAraNa siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra kumbhakAra ke yogopayoga ke sadbhAva meM hI miTTI ghaTarUpa se pariNamita hotI hai aura abhAva meM nahIM hotI, isa kAraNa kumbhakAra ghaTa kA nimitta ThaharatA hai| tathA karmodaya ke sadbhAva meM hI rAgAdibhAvoM kA sadbhAva hotA hai aura abhAva meM rAgAdi kA abhaav| ata: siddha hotA hai ki karmodaya hI rAgAdibhAvoM kI utpatti kA nimitta hai| isalie pUrvacarcita vidvAnoM kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai ki kAryotpatti ke kAla meM upAdAna ke sAtha rahane kA niyama hone mAtra se sahacara dravya ko nimitta saMjJA dI jAtI hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki sahacara dravya ke anvaya-vyatireka ke sAtha kAryotpatti kA anvaya-vyatireka hotA hai, isa kAraNa use nimitta saMjJA dI jAtI kAlapratyAsatti kA abhiprAya nyAyagranthoM meM sahakArI kAraNa ( nimitta ) aura kArya kI kAlapratyAsatti ko arthAt pUrvAparatArUpa kAlAtmaka nikaTatA ko unameM kAraNakAryabhAva ghaTita hone kA hetu batalAyA gayA hai| kintu pUrva carcita vidvAnoM ne do dravyoM ke eka sAtha hone ke niyama ko kAlapratyAsatti kahakara mAtra sAtha rahane ke kAraNa upAdAnetara padArtha ko nimitta zabda se abhihita kiyA jAnA batalAyA hai| kAlapratyAsatti kA yaha abhiprAya kitanA galata hai, yaha AcArya vidyAnanda svAmI ke nimnalikhita vacana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai - "sahakArikAraNena kAryasya kathaM tat ( kAryakAraNatvam ) syAdekadravya 1. dhavalA/pustaka 8/sUtra 20/pR0 51 2. "Na cedaM paccakkhANodayaM muccA aNNatthatthi tamhA paccakkhANodao ceva paccao tti siddhN|" vahI 3. jayapura (khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 835

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 223 pratyAsatterabhAvAditi cet kAlapratyAsattivizeSAt ttsiddhiH| yadanantaraM hi yadavazyaM bhavati tattasya sahakArikAraNamitarat kAryamiti pratItam / ' -koI yaha prazna kare ki sahakArI kAraNa ( nimitta ) aura kArya meM ekadravyapratyAsatti ( dravyAtmaka abhedarUpa nikaTatA ) nahIM hai, taba unameM kAraNakAryabhAva kaise ghaTita ho sakatA hai ? to isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki unameM kAlapratyAsatti hotI hai, usase ghaTita hotA hai| yaha sarvamAnya tathya hai ki jisake pazcAt jo avazya hotA hai vaha usakA sahakArI kAraNa hotA hai aura dUsarA kaary| yahA~ kAraNa aura kArya kI niyamita pUrvAparatA ko hI kAlapratyAsatti kahA gayA hai| isI se anvaya-vyatireka ghaTita hotA hai, kyoMki jahA~ kAraNa-kArya kI niyamita pUrvAparatA hotI hai, vahA~ kAraNa ke sadbhAva meM hI kArya kA sadbhAva hotA hai aura kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya kA abhaav| ataH sahakArI kAraNa aura kArya kA anvaya-vyatireka hI nimitta-naimittika saMjJA kA hetu hai| anya vastu meM koI dharma utpanna karanA nimitta kA lakSaNa nahIM kathita vidvAn nimitta ko asatya siddha karane ke lie yaha tarka dete haiM ki kyA eka dravya dUsare dravya meM koI dharma utpanna kara sakatA hai ? yadi nahIM to eka dravya dUsare dravya kA nimitta kaise bana sakatA hai ? isa bAta ko ve dUsare zabdoM meM isa prakAra kahate haiM - "kyA eka vastu ke kArya kA kAraNa-dharma dUsarI vastu meM raha sakatA hai ?" aisA kahate hue ukta vidvAn yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki dUsare dravya meM apane bhItara se koI dharma utpanna karanA nimitta kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, apitu dUsare dravya se svataH utpanna hone vAle dharma ( kArya ) kI utpatti meM bAhya sahAyaka mAtra bananA nimitta kA lakSaNa hai| AcArya kundakunda ne spaSTa kahA hai ki na to jIva apane meM se pudgala ke dharma ko utpanna karatA hai, na pudgala apane meM se jIva ke dharma ko, tathApi eka-dUsare ke nimitta se hI ve apanA-apanA dharma utpanna karate haiN|' kAraNa yaha hai ki dravya meM svakAryotpatti kI zakti rahate hue bhI, yadi bAhya sthiti usakI utpatti ke anukUla hotI hai, tabhI vaha utpanna ho pAtA hai| bAhya sthiti ke 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika/adhyAya 1/sUtra 7/pR0 151 2. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 838 3. (ka) samayasAra/gAthA 80-81 (kha) "nimittanaimittikabhAvamAtrasyApratiSiddhatvAd itaretaranimittamAtrIbhavanenaiva dvayorapi prinnaamH|" vahI/AtmakhyAti

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224 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana pratikUla hone para utpatti asambhava ho jAtI hai| yaha anukUla yA pratikUla sthiti anya dravya ke jisa pariNAma se utpanna hotI hai, use hI nimitta nAma diyA jAtA hai| jaise AtmA ke samyagdarzana-dharma kI abhivyakti meM ror3A aTakAne vAlI bAhyasthiti darzana-mohanIya karma ke udaya dvArA nirmita hotI hai, aura usa ror3e ko svapauruSa se haTAne meM sahAyaka bAhya-sthiti kA nirmANa samIcIna devazAstra-guru ke upadeza se hotA hai, ata: ye donoM 'nimitta' saMjJA ko prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra koI dravya apane meM se dUsare dravya kA dharma utpanna kiye binA, usa dravya se hI utpanna ho sakane vAle dharma kI utpatti meM sAdhaka yA bAdhaka sthiti kA hetu banatA hai| yahI nimitta kA lakSaNa hai| nizcaya se niSedha kA artha sarvathA niSedha nahIM nimitta ko akiMcitkara siddha karane ke lie pUrvokta paNDitagaNa yaha tarka dete haiM ki AcArya amRtacandra sUri ne para ke sAtha nizcayanaya se kArakAtmaka sambandha kA niSedha kiyA hai| kintu ve bhUla jAte haiM ki nizcayanaya se niSedha kA artha sarvathA niSedha nahIM hai, usameM kathaMcit ( vyavahAranaya kI apekSA ) aniSedha bhI garbhita hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jaise abhinna yA svadravyAzrita hetu mukhya hetu hai aura bhinna yA paradravyAzrita hetu sahakArI yA gauNa', isI prakAra abhinakAraka mukhyakAraka hai aura bhitrakAraka sahakArI yA gaunn| nizcayanaya 'mukhya' kI dizA se nirNaya karatA hai, isalie usake dvArA dekhane para mukhya kAraka kA hI astitva dikhAI detA hai, sahakArI kAraka dRSTi meM nahIM aataa| isa kAraNa nizcayanaya kI apekSA paradravyAzrita kAraka ke astitva kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| kintu, vyavahAranaya se dekhane para paradravyAzrita amukhya kAraka kA astitva anubhava meM AtA hai, isalie vyavahAranaya kI apekSA niSedha nahIM hai| AcArya amRtacandra svayaM kahate haiM ki nimitta-naimittikabhAva kA niSedha nahIM hai, isalie jIva aura pudgala ke paraspara nimitta banane para hI donoM ke pariNAmoM kI utpatti hotI hai| tathA unhoMne jora dekara kahA hai ki AtmA ke rAgAdirUpa pariNamana meM paradravya kA saMga hI nimitta hai, kyoMki jaise sUryakAntamaNi svayaM agnirUpa-pariNamita nahIM hotA ( sUrya ke nimitta se hI pariNamita hotA hai ), vaise hI 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 839 tathA pravacanasAra/tattvadIpikA 1/16 2. "na tau ( dharmAdharmI ) tayoH ( gatisthityoH ) mukhyahetU, kintu vyavahAranayavyavasthApitau udaasiinau|" paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA/gAthA 89 3. "nimittanaimittikabhAvamAtrasyApratiSiddhatvAditaretaranimittamAtrIbhavanenaiva dvayorapi prinnaamH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/sUtra 80-81

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 225 AtmA svayaM rAgAdirUpa-pariNamita nahIM hotaa| yaha vastu kA svabhAva hai / ' dvikriyAkAritA kA prasaMga nahIM kathita paMDitajanoM kA mata hai ki kAryotpatti meM nimitta kA prabhAva mAnane se dvikriyAkAritA ( eka dravya dvArA do dravyoM kI kriyAe~ kiye jAne ) kA prasaMga AtA hai|' kintu yaha unakI bhrAnti hai| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra eka dravya dvArA upAdAnarUpa se do dravyoM kI kriyAe~ kiye jAne ko dvikriyAkAritA kahate haiM / svayaM kI kriyA ko upAdAnarUpa se karane tathA anya dravya kI kriyA meM nimittamAtra banane ko unhoMne dvikriyAkAritA nahIM khaa| jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, AcArya kundakunda svayaM kahate haiM ki jIva aura pudgala eka-dUsare ke nimitta se apane-apane pariNAma ko utpanna karate haiN| pUrva meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki kisI padArtha ke svabhAva meM aisI vizeSatA honA, jisase dUsare padArtha ke pariNamana kA mArga prazasta ho jAya, nimittabhAva kahalAtA hai| isalie dUsare ke prati nimitta bana sakane vAle apane svabhAva meM pariNata honA apanI hI kriyA hai, paradravya kI nahIM / dharmadravya apane hI svabhAva meM pariNamita hotA hai, kintu usakA pariNamana jIva aura pudgala kI gati kA nimitta bana jAtA hai, to kyA dharmadravya do dravyoM kI kriyAe~ karatA hai ? sUrya bhI apane hI prakAza - svabhAva meM pariNamita hone kI kriyA karatA hai, vaha kriyA kamaloM ke vikAsa ke anukUla hotI hai aura usa anukUlatA ko pAkara kamala khila jAte haiM, to kyA sUrya kamala kI kriyA bhI karatA hai ? spaSTa hai ki paradravya ke kArya meM nimitta bananevAle apane svabhAva meM pariNata honA do dravyoM kI kriyAe~ karanA nahIM hai| nimitta se svatantratA bAdhita nahIM hotI 4 ukta vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki kumbhakAra ko ghaTotpatti meM sahAyaka mAnane se dravya kI svatantratA bAdhita hotI hai| yaha mata samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki kAryotpatti meM upAdAna kI hI pradhAnatA hai, vahI kAryarUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, nimitta to mAtra 1. na jAtu rAgAdinimittabhAvamAtmAtmano yAti yathArkakAntaH / tasminnimittaM parasaGga eva vastusvabhAvo'yamudeti tAvat / / samayasAra / kalaza 175 2. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA / bhAga 2 / pR0 843-844 3. "yathA vyApyavyApakabhAvena svapariNAmaM karoti jIvastathA vyApyavyApakabhAvena pudgalakarmApi kuryAt tato, svaparasamavetakriyAdvayAvyatiriktAyAM prsjntyaam|" samayasAra / AtmakhyAti / gAthA 85 4. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA / bhAga 2 / pR0 840

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226 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana bAhyata: sahakArI hotA hai, ata: usakA prAdhAnya nahIM hai| isa kAraNa dravya kI svatantratA bAdhita nahIM hotii| isa viSaya meM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke nimnalikhita vacana pramANa haiM - "nanu bAhyadravyAdinimittavazAt pariNAminAM pariNAma upalabhyate, sa ca svAtantrye sati virudhyata iti| naiSa doSaH, bAhyasya nimittmaatrtvaat| - prazna : yadi bAhyadravyAdi ke nimitta se pariNamita hokara vastue~ apanA pariNAma utpanna karatI haiM, to isase unake svAtantrya kA virodha hotA hai ? samAdhAna : aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki bAhya padArtha nimittamAtra hote haiN| __yahA~ isa yukti se vicAra kiyA jAya ki dharmAdi dravyoM ke nimitta se hI jIva aura pudgala ke gati-sthiti pariNAma sambhava hote haiM, to kyA isase unakA svAtantrya bAdhita hotA hai ? kyA jIva apane mokSa-puruSArtha meM asamartha ho jAtA hai ? yadi nahIM, to nizcita hai ki kAryotpatti meM paradravya ke nimittamAtra hone se vastu-svAtantrya para A~ca nahIM aatii| ina yuktiyoM aura pramANoM se siddha hai ki kathita vidvAnoM kA yaha mata atyanta bhrAntipUrNa hai ki "eka vastu ke kArya kA dUsarI vastu ko nimittakartA kahanA miTTI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahane ke samAna upacarita vacana hI hai|' vastuta: yaha usI prakAra kA yathArtha vacana hai jaise miTTI ke ghar3e ko miTTI kA ghar3A khnaa| isake yathArtha vacana hone kA pramANa AcArya kundakunda, AcArya amRtacandra tathA AcArya jayasena ke nimnalikhita vacana haiM - jIvo Na karedi ghaDaM Neva paDaM Neva sesage davve / / joguvaogA uppAdagA ya tesiM havadi kattA / / / - jIva na ghaTa kA kartA hai, na paTa kA, na zeSa dravyoM kaa| usake yoga ( AtmapradezoM kA parispanda ) tathA upayoga ( mAnasika vyApAra ) unake kartA ( nimittakartA ) haiM, jIva mAtra apane yogopayoga kA kartA hai| "anityau yogopayogAveva tatra nimittatvena kartArau''3 jIva ke anitya yoga aura upayoga hI ghaTa-paTAdi dravyoM ke nimitta kartA haiN| ___"iti paramparayA nimittarUpeNa ghaTAdiviSaye jIvasya kartRtvaM syAt isa 1. tattvArtharAjavArtika/adhyAya 5/sUtra 1 2. samayasAra/gAthA 100 3. vahI/AtmakhyAti 4. vahI/tAtparyavRtti

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 227 prakAra paramparayA nimittarUpa se ghaTa-paTa Adi ke viSaya meM jIva kA kartRtva hotA ina nirUpaNoM meM jIva ko ghaTa-paTAdi kA kartA kahane ke upacAravacana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai aura usake yogopayoga ke hI ghaTAdi kA nimittakartA hone kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yadi nimittakartA kahanA bhI upacAravacana hotA to usakA bhI niSedha kiyA jAtA, kintu samasta adhyAtmagranthoM meM kahIM bhI niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, sarvatra pratipAdana hI kiyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, 'hI' ( eva ) zabda ke prayoga dvArA ise hI yathArtha mAnane para jora diyA gayA hai| ataH ina AcAryavacanoM se pramANita hai ki eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu ke kArya kA nimittakartA kahanA sarvathA yathArthavacana hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki Agama meM kisI bhI padArtha ke lie nimitta zabda kA prayoga upacAra se nahIM huA hai, apitu mukhyataH hI kiyA gayA hai| nimitta ke abhAva meM kArya asambhava hotA hai, isalie kArya kI utpatti meM usakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| use asatya yA akiMcitkara kahanA Agama kA apalApa hai| jisa dUsarI mithyA dhAraNA kA prasava kiyA gayA hai, vaha yaha hai ki pratyeka kArya upAdAnaprerita hI hotA hai, nimittaprerita nhiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, pratyeka kArya kA niyAmaka upAdAna hI hai, nimitta nahIM, tathA koI bhI nimitta preraka nahIM hotA, sabhI udAsIna hote haiN|' isa dhAraNA ko janma denevAle vidvAno kA kahanA hai ki kArya ko nimitta-prerita mAnane para pratyeka kArya ke prati upAdAna kI koI niyAmakatA nahIM rhtii| ata: upAdAna se vahI kArya utpanna hotA hai, jise utpanna karane kI usa samaya usameM yogyatA hotI hai| koI bhI nimitta usase anya kArya kI utpatti nahIM karA sktaa| ve isake samarthana meM svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA kA yaha vacana uddhRta karate haiM ki "dravya kI pUrvaparyAya upAdAna kAraNa hotI hai aura uttaraparyAya kaary| ata: anantara ( avyavahita.) pUrva samaya meM jaisA upAdAna hogA, anantara uttarakSaNa meM usI prakAra kA kArya utpanna hogaa| nimitta use anyathA nahIM pariNamA sktaa|" . udAharaNArtha, kheta meM boye hue bIja se pahale aMkura hI utpanna hogA, patra yA puSpa nhiiN| jIva kI ayogakevalI avasthA ke antima kSaNa se mukta avasthA 1. jainatattvamImAMsA/pR0 53-58 2. vahI/pR0 59 3. puvvapariNAmajuttaM kAraNabhAveNa vaTTade davvaM / uttarapariNAmajudaM taM ciya kajja have NiyamA / / svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 230 4. jainatattvamImAMsA/pR0 53

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228 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana hI utpanna hogI, anya nhiiN|' isase siddha hai ki dravya kI pUrvaparyAya ( upAdAna ) jaisI hotI hai vaisA hI kArya utpanna hotA hai, na ki jaisA nimitta milatA hai vaisaa| vastuta: nimitta bhI pUrvaparyAyasadRza kAryotpatti ke anurUpa hI milatA hai aura vaha svayameva upasthita hotA hai| isa dhAraNA kI asamIcInatA Age prastuta yuktiyoM aura pramANoM se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| azuddhopAdAnajanya kArya nimittaprerita isameM sandeha nahIM ki dravya se vahI kArya utpanna ho sakatA hai jise utpanna karane kI usa samaya usameM yogyatA hotI hai| koI bhI anya dravya usase anya kArya utpanna nahIM karA sakatA, apitu usI kArya kI utpatti meM sahAyaka bana sakatA hai| arthAt usake utpanna hone meM jo pratikUla paristhitiyA~ ( bAdhAe~ ) hotI haiM, ve hI usake svabhAvavizeSa se dUra ho sakatI haiN| niSkarSa yaha ki kArya ke svarUpa kA niyAmaka upAdAna hI hotA hai, nimitta nhiiN| kinta, yaha zuddha upAdAna ke viSaya meM to sarvathA satya hai, para azaddha upAdAna ke viSaya meM sarvathA satya nahIM hai, kyoMki azuddhopAdAna kA nirmANa svayaM nimittAdhIna hai| udAharaNArtha, AtmA jo anAdi se azuddhopAdAna banA huA hai, vaha pudgalakarmoM ke nimitta se hI banA huA hai| AcArya jayasena ne spaSTa kahA hai ki karmopAdhiyukta jIva hI azuddha upAdAna hai| brahmadeva sUri kA bhI yahI kathana hai| ataH jaba upAdAna kI azuddhatA hI nimittaprerita hai, to usase utpanna honevAlA azuddhakArya nimittaprerita kaise nahIM hogA ? upAdAna kA azuddha honA svayaM eka kArya hai jo pUrNata: nimitta para nirbhara hai| koI bhI vastu svayaM azuddha nahIM ho sktii| ataH spaSTa hai ki azuddha kArya nimittaprerita hotA hai aura vahI kArya uttarakSaNa meM utpanna honevAle kArya kA upAdAna bana jAtA hai| ata: azuddhopAdAna kA nimittaprerita honA athavA azuddhakArya kA nimittaprerita honA, donoM kA tAtparya eka hI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba upAdAna kI azuddhi kA niyamana nimitta ke hAtha meM hotA hai, taba usase utpanna honevAle kArya ke svarUpa kA niyamana nimitta ke hAtha meM hogA hii| AcArya kundakunda ne bhI 1. jainatattvamImAMsA/pR0 45 2. vahI/pR0 154 3. "he bhagavan ! rAgAdInAmazuddhopAdAnarUpeNa kartRtvaM bhaNitaM, tadupAdAnaM zuddhAzuddhabhedena kathaM dvidhA bhavatIti? ttkthyte| aupAdhikamupAdAnamazuddhaM tptaay:pinnddvt| nirupAdhi rupAdAnaM zuddhaM pItatvAdiguNAnAM suvarNavat / ' samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 102 4. bRhadrvya saMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 8

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 229 kahA hai - uvaogassa aNAI pariNAmA tiNNa mohajuttassa / micchattaM aNNANaM aviradibhAvo ya NAyavyo / / eesu ya uvaogo tiviho suddho NiraMjaNo bhAvo / jaM so karedi bhAvaM uvaogo tassa so kattA / / ' - mohasaMyukta upayoga ( caitanyapariNAma ) ke anAdi se tIna azuddha pariNAma hote haiM - mithyAtva, ajJAna aura avirti| ina tIna azuddha pariNAmoM ke nimitta se yaha upayoga, svabhAva se zuddha aura ekarUpa hote hue bhI tIna prakAra kA hokara jisa bhAva ko karatA hai usa bhAva kA kartA hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki zuddhacaitanyasvarUpa AtmA ke jo mithyAtva, ajJAna aura avirati ye tIna azaddha pariNAma hote haiM ve svabhAvajanita nahIM haiM, balki anAdisaMyukta mohakarma ke nimitta se hote haiN| isa tathya ko kundakunda ne nimnalikhita gAthAoM meM aura bhI acchI taraha spaSTa kiyA hai - jaha phalihamaNI suddho Na sayaM pariNamai rAyamAIhiM / raMgijjadi aNNehiM du so rattAdIhiM davvehiM / / evaM NANI suddho Na sayaM pariNamai rAyamAIhiM / rAijjadi aNNehiM du so rAgAdIhiM dosehiM / / ' - jaise sphaTika maNi svabhAva se zuddha hone ke kAraNa svayaM raktapItAdi rUpa se pariNamita nahIM hotA, apitu rakta-pIta varNavAle anya dravyoM ke saMyoga se pariNamita hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA svabhAva se zuddha ( rAgAdirahita ) hone ke kAraNa svayaM rAgAdirUpa se pariNata nahIM hotA, apitu rAgAdisvabhAvavAle pudgalakarmarUpa paradravya ke saMyoga se pariNata hotA hai| yahA~ kundakundadeva ne sphaTika maNi ke dRSTAnta se yaha samyagrUpeNa spaSTa kara diyA hai ki AtmA meM utpanna hone vAle rAgAdi azuddhabhAva upAdAnaprerita nahIM, apitu nimittaprerita haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI kahA hai - "AtmAtmanA rAgAdInAmakAraka eva .."paradravyamevAtmano raagaadibhaavnimittmstu|" arthAt AtmA apane Apa rAgAdibhAvoM ko kara hI nahIM sktaa| paradravya hI AtmA ke rAgAdibhAvoM kA nimitta hai| 1. samayasAra/gAthA 89-90 2. vahI/gAthA 278-279 3. vahI/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 283-285

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230 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana AcArya jayasena kA bhI kathana hai jJA nijIvajanitA: / " - rAgAdi karmodayajanita haiM, jJAnIjIvajanita nahIM haiN| "karmodayajanitA rAgAdayo na tu ye yuktiyA~ aura ArSavacana isa niSkarSa para pahu~cAte haiM ki jIva yA pudgala se utpanna honevAle azuddhabhAva vastutaH nimittaprerita hI hote haiM, kintu jaba nimitta ko upAdAna meM antarbhUta kara upAdAna ko azuddha upAdAna ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara lete haiM, taba yaha kahanA bhI saMgata hotA hai ki azuddhakArya upAdAna se hI prerita hotA hai yA pratyeka kArya kA niyamana upAdAna karatA hai| AcArya jayasena ke nimnalikhita vaktavya se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jo nimitta upAdAna meM antarbhUta hotA hai usake dvArA prerita azuddhabhAva hI azuddhopAdAnajanya kahalAte haiN| "jIvapudgalasaMyogenotpannA mithyAtvarAgAdibhAvapratyayA azuddhanizcayanayenAzuddhopAdAnarUpeNa cetanA jIvasambaddhAH / " " - jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se utpanna mithyAtvarAgAdi bhAvapratyaya azuddha nizcayanaya se azuddhopAdAnajanita hone ke kAraNa cetana haiM, arthAt AtmA ke haiN| isa vyAkhyAna meM AcAryazrI ne 'jIva - pudgalasaMyoga se utpanna' ina zabdoM ke dvArA yaha nirdeza kara diyA hai ki mithyAtvarAgAdibhAva nimittaprerita haiM tathA 'azuddhopAdAnajanita hone se cetana haiM' isa vacana se yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA hai ki isa prakAra nimittaprerita bhAvoM ko hI azuddhopAdAna dvArA niyamita kahate haiM / ataH azuddhopAdAnajanya kArya nimittaprerita hote haiM yA unakA niyamana azuddhopAdAna karatA hai, ina donoM kathanoM kA Azaya eka hI hai| inameM kevala bhASA kA antara hai, artha kA nhiiN| azuddha upAdAna ke bhItara nimitta samAyA huA hai, ataH 'azuddha kArya kA niyamana azuddhopAdAna karatA hai' isa kathana se bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki azuddhakArya nimitta prerita haiN| 1. samayasAra / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 278- 279 2 . vahI / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 109 - 112 karma preraka nimitta hI haiM pratyeka kArya ko upAdAna - prerita siddha karane ke lie carcita vidvAnoM ne karmarUpa nimitta kI prerakatA ko hI amAnya kara diyaa| ve kahate haiM ki karma bhI dharmAdi dravyoM ke samAna udAsIna nimitta haiM, preraka nahIM / unake anusAra jaise dharmAdi dravya jIva ke gati Adi kriyA meM svayaM pravRtta hone para sahAyatA mAtra karate haiM, vaise hI jaba jIva rAgAdirUpa se pariNata hone ke lie svayaM pravRtta hotA hai, taba -

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 231 pudgalakarma usameM sahAyatA mAtra karate haiN|' Agama meM jo pudgala karmoM ko preraka kahA gayA hai, usakI ve dUsarI hI vyAkhyA karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki pudgalakarma, nokarma, megha, bijalI, vAyu Adi jar3a vastue~ kriyAvAn ( sakriya ) haiN| unakI IraNa ( gati ) kriyA kI prakRSTatA anya dravyoM ke kriyA-vyApAra ke samaya unake balAdhAna meM nimitta hotI hai| isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI unheM preraka kahA gayA hai| balAdhAna ke viSaya meM bhI unakA mata hai ki kAryotpatti ke samaya bala kA AdhAna svayaM upAdAna karatA hai, kintu usameM nimitta anya' dravya hotA hai| unakA Azaya yahI hai ki pudgalakarma jIva ko rAgAdirUpa se pariNata hone ke lie prabhAvita nahIM karate, apitu jaba vaha svayaM rAgAdirUpa se pariNata hone kI ceSTA karatA hai, taba ve usameM sahAyatA kara dete haiN| 'sahAyatA kara dete haiM' yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM haiN| ve ( pudgalakarmarUpa nimitta ) vahA~ mAtra upasthita rahate haiM, yaha kahanA hI ucita hai| yaha mata samIcIna nahIM hai| AtmA ke sAtha saMyukta pudgalakarma dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla tathA guru Adi nimittoM se bhinna haiN| inake samAna ve jIva ke svata: pariNamana meM udAsInarUpa se sahAyatA mAtra nahIM karate, balki use isa prakAra prabhAvita karate haiM ki vaha svAbhAvika kriyA chor3akara svabhAva se viparIta kriyA karane lagatA hai| karma isalie preraka nahIM kahalAte ki unakI IraNa ( gati ) kriyA kI prakRSTatA jIva ke rAgAdirUpa pariNamana-vyApAra meM sahAyatA mAtra karatI hai, balki isalie kahalAte haiM ki ve apanI ora se aisA prabhAva utpanna karate haiM, jisase jIva svabhAva se viparIta rAgAdirUpapariNamana karane lagatA hai| yadyapi pariNamanazakti jIva meM hI hai, tathApi karmajanita prabhAva ke binA jIva ke pariNamana meM rAgAdi vikAra nahIM A sktaa| vaha karmodaya ke prabhAva se hI sambhava hai| dharmAdi dravya evaM guru Adi nimitta, upAdAna ke usI guNa ke pariNamana meM sahAyatA karate haiM jo usameM svabhAvata: hai| usameM na koI bAdhA pahu~cAte haiM, na kisI asvAbhAvika dazA kI utpatti meM hetu banate haiN| kintu karma ThIka isake viparIta haiN| ve jIva ke svabhAvabhUta guNa ke pariNamana meM sahAyatA nahIM karate, apitu bAdhA 1. "jo kriyAvAn nimitta preraka kahe jAte haiM ve bhI udAsIna nimittoM ke samAna kAryotpatti ke samaya sahAyaka mAtra hote haiN|" jainatattvamImAMsA/prathama saMskaraNa/pR0 83 2. jainatattvamImAMsA/prathama saMskaraNa/pR0 53 3. vahI, pR0 84, pR0 90 4. vahI, pR0 54

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232 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana pahu~cAte haiM tathA asvAbhAvika dazA kI utpatti meM hetu banate haiN| isIlie unake nAma jJAnAvaraNa ( jJAna ko AvRta karanevAlA ), darzanAvaraNa ( darzana ko AvRta karanevAlA ) mohanIya ( mohita karanevAlA), antarAya ( vighna upasthita karanevAlA) Adi haiN| jJAnAvaraNa karma AtmA ke jJAnaguNa ko AvRta karane kA hI kAma karatA hai, tabhI ajJAna utpanna hotA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki AtmA meM svabhAva se ajJAna nAmaka guNa hai aura jJAnAvaraNa karma kevala usake pariNamana meM sahAyatA karatA hai| isI prakAra, mohanIya karma AtmA ke zraddhA, jJAna evaM cAritra guNoM ke svAbhAvika pariNamana meM bAdhA DAlakara unake mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna evaM mithyAcAritra ke rUpa meM pariNata hone kA kAraNa banatA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki mithyAdarzanAdi AtmA ke svabhAvabhUta dharma haiM aura AtmA jaba ina dharmoM ke rUpa meM svayaM pariNata hone ke lie udyata hotA hai, taba mohanIya usameM sahAyatA mAtra kara detA hai| dharmAdi dravya jIva ke svabhAva kA ghAta ( AcchAdana, pratibandha evaM viparyaya ) nahIM karate, kintu pudgala karma karate haiM, isIlie jJAnAvaraNAdi cAra karmoM ko ghAtI kahA gayA hai| isake atirikta jIva ke niSkriya rahane para dharmAdi dravya use gati Adi kriyAoM meM pravRtta nahIM karate, kintu karma jIva ke na cAhane para bhI use kaSAyaraMjita kara dete haiN| yahA~ taka ki ve use kaSAyapratirodhI sAdhanA meM lIna rahane para bhI rAgAdi ke vazIbhUta kara dete haiM, jisase ucca bhUmikA meM sthita sAdhaka ko bhI samAdhi se cyuta hone para bhakti Adi zubharAga meM laganA par3atA hai| unake udaya meM jIva gyArahaveM guNasthAna se nIce gira jAtA hai aura nimna bhUmikA meM sthita zrAvaka yaha jAnate hue bhI ki viSayasukha heya hai, phalasvarUpa usase bacane kA prayatna karate hue bhI karmodaya ke vazIbhUta ho viSayasevana ke lie vivaza hote 1. (ka) "prprinntihetormohnaamno'nubhaavaat|" samayasAra/kalaza 3 (kha) "daMsaNaM attAgamapayatthesu ruI saddhA phosaNamidi eyttttho| taM mohedi vivarIyaM __kuNadi tti dNsnnmohnniiyN|" dhavalA/pustaka 6/pR0 38 2. NANamavaboho avagamo paricchedo iti eyaThTho / tamAvaredi tti NANAvaraNIyaM kammaM / / dhavalA 6/1/9-1/5 3. kAvi auvvA dIsadi puggaladavvassa erisI sattI / kevalaNANasahAvo viNAsido jAi jIvassa / / kArtikeyAnuprekSA/gAthA 211 4. "kevalaNANa-daMsaNa-sammatta-cAritta-vIriyANamaNeyabheyabhiNNANaM jIvaguNANaM virohitta NeNa tesiM ghaadivvdesaado|" dhavalA 7/2/1/15 5. paJcAstikAya/tattvapradIpikAvRtti/gAthA 136

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 233 haiN| ye tathya pramANita karate haiM ki karma, dharmAdi dravyoM se bhinna prakAra ke nimitta haiM jinakA svarUpa udAsIna rUpa se sahAyaka honA nahIM hai, balki jIva ke svabhAva kA ghAta karanA tathA use paratantra banAnA hai / isa artha meM hI unheM preraka kahA gayA 1 / Agama meM jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki jIva karmodaya ke nimitta se svayaM rAgAdirUpa se pariNata hotA hai, karma use balapUrvaka nahIM pariNamAte, yaha jIva kI kathaMcit pariNAmitvazakti ko darzAne ke lie kahA gayA hai, arthAt yaha batalAne ke lie ki jIva meM karmoM kI rAgAdi prakRti se prabhAvita hone kI svAbhAvika zakti hai, isalie vaha usase prabhAvita hokara rAgAdirUpa se pariNata ho jAtA hai| yadi yaha zakti na hotI to karma apanI rAgAdiprakRti kA prabhAva balapUrvaka usa para na chor3a pAte / jIva ke isa pariNAmitvaguNa kI upamA AcArya kundakunda ne sphaTikamaNi kI pratibimba- grahaNazakti ( svacchatA ) se dI hai| isa zakti ke hone ke kAraNa hI japApuSpAdi ke saMsarga se unakA raMgabiraMgA svarUpa sphaTikamaNi meM pratibimbita hotA hai| isI prakAra jisa yogyatA ke kAraNa jIva Atmasambaddha karmoM kI rAgAdiprakRti se prabhAvita hokara rAgAdirUpa ho jAtA hai, vaha yogyatA hI jIva kI pariNAmitvazakti hai| isI svabhAvabhUta pariNamana zakti ko dRSTi meM rakhakara jIva ko rAgAdi bhAvoM kA upAdAnakarttA tathA karmodaya ko nimittamAtra kahA jAtA hai| svapara pratyayapariNamana 2 kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki rAgAdibhAva bhI jIva ke svabhAva se hI udbhUta hote haiM aura karma unakI utpatti meM dharmAdidravyoM ke samAna udAsInarUpa se sahAyatA mAtra karate haiN| yadi aisA ho to rAgAdibhAva jIva ke svabhAva siddha hoMge aura unakI utpatti ke lie karmarUpa nimitta kI AvazyakatA siddha na hogI, kyoMki gatyAdirUpa pariNamana ke lie dharmAdidravyarUpa nimitta kI tathA anya svAbhAvika pariNamana ke lie kevala kAladravyarUpa nimitta kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| AtmA kA rAgAdibhAvarUpa pariNamana svaparapratyaya- pariNamana hai, jo kucha svataH hotA hai, kucha karmoM ke nimitta se| isa dRSTi se AtmA aura pudgala kathaMcit hI pariNAmI haiM, 1. " yathA ko'pi taskaro yadyapi maraNaM necchati tathApi talavareNa gRhItaH san maraNamanubhavati tathA samyagdRSTiH yadyapyAtmotthasukhamupAdeyaM ca jAnAti viSayasukhaM ca heyaM jAnAti tathApi cAritramohodayatalavareNa gRhItaH san tadanubhavati / " samayasAra / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 194 2 . vahI / AtmakhyAti / gAthA 89 3. "tasyAM pariNAmazaktau sthitAyAM sa jIvaH karttA yaM pariNAmamAtmanaH karoti tasya sa evopAdAnakarttA, dravyakarmastu nimittamAtram / " vahI / tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 121-125

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234 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana kathaMcit apariNAmI bhI haiN| ise AcArya jayasena ne nimnalikhita vivecana meM spaSTa kiyA hai - ___"yadi kahA jAya ki pudgalakarmarUpa dravyakrodha udaya meM Akara jIva ko balapUrvaka bhAvakrodharUpa se pariNamA detA hai to prazna hai ki vaha apariNAmI jIva ko pariNamAtA hai yA pariNAmI ko ? apariNAmI ko to pariNamA nahIM sakatA, kyoMki jo zakti vastu meM svata: nahIM hai, use koI dUsarA utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| japApuSpAdi padArtha jisa prakAra sphaTika meM upAdhi utpanna kara dete haiM, vaise lakar3I, khambhe Adi meM nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki ve svata: pariNAmI nahIM haiN| isake viparIta yadi karma ekAntataH pariNAmI jIva ko pariNamAte haiM to udaya meM Aye hue dravyakrodharUpa nimitta ke binA bhI vaha bhAvakrodharUpa pariNamita ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vastu meM jo svabhAvabhUta zaktiyA~ haiM ve para kI apekSA nahIM karatI ( arthAt yadi rAgAdibhAva jIva meM hI zaktirUpa meM vidyamAna hoM to karmarUpa nimitta kI AvazyakatA nahIM hogI ) / isa sthiti meM muktAtmAoM meM bhI bhAvakrodhAdi utpanna hone lgeNge| kintu yaha Agamaviruddha hone se mAnya nahIM hai|"2 ata: siddha hai ki jIva meM svabhAvabhUta kathaMcitpariNAmitva zakti hai| yahA~ AcArya jayasena ne jIva ko sarvathA pariNAmI na batalAkara kathaMcita pariNAmI batalAyA hai, jisakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki vaha kathaMcit apariNAmI bhI hai, aura kathaMcit apariNAmI hone se ( rAgAdi kI zakti svayaM meM na hone se ) hI rAgAdirUpa pariNamana ke lie karmodayarUpa nimitta kI AvazyakatA hai| isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki karmodayarUpa nimitta kathaMcit apariNAmI ko pariNamAte haiM, ata: karma preraka nimitta haiN| dharmAdi dravya kathaMcit apariNAmI ko nahIM pariNamAte, apitu jo gatyAdi meM svayaM pariNata ho jAtA hai usake hI gatyAdi pariNamana meM sahAyatA karate haiM, isalie ve udAsIna haiN| mohAdiprakRtika karma hI cidvikAra ke hetu tAtparya yaha ki karmoM ke moharAgAtmakasvabhAva se prabhAvita hokara moharAgAtmaka ho jAnA hI jIva kA kathaMcit pariNAmI honA hai| yaha usakI svabhAvabhUta zakti hai| yahI svaparapratyayapariNamana hai| isase isa tathya kI vijJapti hotI hai ki AtmA ke pariNAmoM meM jo rAgAdi vikAra Ate haiM ve karmaprerita hI haiN| 1. "yaduktaM pUrvaM puNyapApAdisaptapadArthajIvapudgalasaMyogapariNAmanivRttAste ca jIvapudgala___ yo: kathaJcitpariNAmatve sati ghttnte|" samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 121-125 2. vahI/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 121-125

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 235 karmoM kI prerakatA spaSTa karane ke lie hI AcArya kundakunda ne AtmA ke rAgAdirUpa meM pariNata hone kA dRSTAnta sphaTika ke rAgAdirUpa meM pariNata hone se diyA hai| sphaTika svabhAva se svaccha hotA hai| usameM jo lAlimA Adi anya varNa Ate haiM ve una varNoMvAle anya padArthoM ke saMyoga se Ate haiM, sphaTika se prakaTa nahIM hote| isI prakAra AtmA svabhAva se zuddha ( rAgAdirahita ) hai| usameM jo rAgAdibhAva Ate haiM ve rAgAdiprakRtivAle karmoM ke samparka se Ate haiM, AtmA se prakaTa nahIM hote| isa tathya ko AcArya amRcandra ne nimna zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai - - "jaise sphaTika pASANa yadyapi pariNAmasvabhAvI hai, to bhI svabhAva se zuddha hone ke kAraNa raktapItAdi avasthA kA nimitta na bana pAne se svayaM raktapItAdirUpa se pariNamita nahIM hotA, raktapItAdiprakRtivAle ( japApuSpAdi ) paradravya kA nimitta prApta hone para hI apane zuddhasvabhAva se cyuta hokara raktapItAdi dazA ko prApta hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA yadyapi pariNAmasvabhAvI hai, to bhI svabhAva se zuddha hone ke kAraNa rAgAdibhAvoM kA nimitta na bana pAne se, svayaM rAgAdirUpa se pariNata nahIM hotA, rAgAdi- svabhAvavAle pudgalakarmoM kA nimitta milane para hI apane zuddhasvabhAva se cyuta hokara rAgAdibhAva ko prApta hotA hai, yaha vastusvabhAva hai|" ve aura bhI spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM - "AtmA apane Apa to rAgAdibhAvoM kA kAraka hai hI nhiiN| para dravya ( pudgalakarma ) hI AtmA ke rAgAdibhAvoM kA nimitta pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki karmoM kA nimittasvarUpa vizeSa prakAra kA hai, sAmAnya prakAra kA nhiiN| ve aise nimitta haiM, jinake kAraNa AtmA svAbhAvika pariNamana chor3akara viparIta pariNamana karane lagatA hai| ise AcArya amRtacandra ne isa prakAra samajhAyA hai - "jaise nIle, hare aura pIle padArthoM ke samparka se sphaTika pASANa ke svaccha svarUpa meM nIla, harita aura pIta vikAra A jAte haiM, vaise hI mithyAdarzana-jJAnacAritrasvabhAvavAle mohakarma ke saMyoga se AtmA ke nirvikAra pariNAma meM mithyAdarzana, 1. "...' tathA kevalaH kilAtmA pariNAmasvabhAvatve satyapi svasya zuddhasvabhAvatvena rAgAdinimittatvAbhAvAd rAgAdibhiH svayaM na pariNamate, paradravyeNaiva svayaM rAgAdibhAvApannatayA svayaM rAgAdinimittabhUtena zuddhasvabhAvAt pracyavamAna eva rAgAdibhiH pariNamyeta, iti taavdvstusvbhaavH|" samayasAra/AtmakhyAti/gAthA 278-279 2. "AtmAtmanA rAgAdInAmakAraka ev| tataH paradravyamevAtmano raagaadibhaavnimittmstu|" vahI/gAthA 283-285

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236 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ye tIna vikAra utpanna ho jAte haiM / ' isa prakAra cU~ki rAgAdiprakRtivAle karmoM ke samparka se hI zuddha AtmA meM rAgAdi vikAra kI utpatti hotI hai, anyathA svabhAva se zuddha hone ke kAraNa usameM ye vikAra utpanna nahIM ho sakate, ataH siddha hai ki karma udAsIna nimitta nahIM haiM, preraka nimitta haiN| preraka hI nahIM, AkrAmaka aura ghAtaka karma preraka hI nahIM, AkrAmaka aura ghAtaka haiN| 'preraka' zabda sirpha balapUrvaka dizAvizeSa meM le jAne kA vAcaka hai| karma to balapUrvaka AtmA para AkramaNa kara usakI zaktiyoM kA ghAta kara dete haiN| anAdikAla se ghAtI karmoM ne jIva kI anantacatuSTayarUpa zaktiyoM ko dabAkara use ajJAnI, azakta, dIna aura duHkhI banA rakhA hai|' ve AtmA ko paratantratA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3ate haiM / isIlie vidyAnanda svAmI ne karmoM kA lakSaNa batalAte hue kahA hai - "jo jIva ko parataMtra karate haiM athavA jIva jinake dvArA paratantra kiyA jAtA hai, unheM karma kahate haiM / " " ajJAnI hI nahIM, jJAnI bhI karmoM kI abhibhAvaka zakti se parAsta ho jAte haiM, yaha pUrva meM batalAyA jA cukA hai| paMDita ToDaramala jI kahate haiM "jaba karmoM kA tIvra udaya hotA hai taba puruSArtha nahIM ho sakatA, sAdhaka Upara ke guNasthAnoM se bhI nIce gira jAtA hai / "* paMDita AzAdhara jI kA kathana hai - "jinendradeva ke upadeza se viSayoM ko nirantara tyAjya samajhate hue bhI jo cAritramoha ke udaya se unakA tyAga karane meM asamartha haiM, una samyagdRSTi bhavya jIvoM ke lie gRhasthadharma kI anumati dI gaI hai / "" yaha kathana darzAtA hai ki karmodaya jIva kI zakti kA haraNakara use asamartha banA detA hai, tabhI vaha viSayavAsanAoM ke vazIbhUta hotA hai| karmoM kI abhibhAvaka 1. samayasAra / AtmakhyAti /gAthA 89 2. " AtmA hi jJAnadarzanasukhasvabhAvaH saMsArAvasthAyAmanAdikarmaklezasaGkocitAtmazaktiH / " paJcAstikAya/tattvadIpikA /gAthA 29 3. "jIvaM paratantrIkurvanti sa paratantrIkriyate vA yaistAni karmANi / " 4. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / adhikAra 9 / pR0 314 5. tyAjyAnajasraM viSayAnpazyato'pi jinAjJayA / mohAtyaktumazaktasya AptaparIkSA/TIkA/zloka 113 gRhidharmo'numanyate / / sAgAradharmAmRta 2 / 1

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 237 zakti kitanI bhISaNa hai, yaha AcArya amRtacandra ke nimnalikhita vaktavya se prakaTa ho jAtA hai| ------ " iha sakalasyApi jIvalokasya saMsAracakrakroDAdhiropitasya ekacchatrIkRtavizvatayA mahatA mohagraheNa goriva bAhyamAnasya * "" - arthAt saMsArarUpI cakra meM pha~se ye jIva samasta vizva para ekachatra zAsana karanevAle moharUpa balavAn pizAca ke dvArA baila ke samAna hA~ke jAte haiN| isa kathana meM 'samasta vizva para ekachatra zAsana karanevAlA', 'balavAn pizAca' tathA 'jIvoM ko baila ke samAna hA~kanevAlA' ina zabdoM se acchI taraha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki karmoM kI zakti kitanI durdharSa hai| isa durdharSa evaM jIvasvabhAvaghAtaka prakRti ke kAraNa hI karmoM ko zatru kI upamA dI gaI hai aura unako jIta lene ke kAraNa hI AtmA 'jina' kahalAtA hai| "anekabhavagahanaviSayavyasanaprApaNahetUn karmArAtIn jayatIti jina: 2 karmoM ko zatru kI upamA dI gaI hai| zatru udAsIna nahIM hotA, AkrAmaka hotA hai, sahAyaka nahIM hotA, bAdhaka hotA hai| usase yuddha hotA hai aura use jIta lene para vyakti vijetA yA 'jina' kahalAtA hai| dharmAdi dravyoM ko zatru kI saMjJA nahIM dI gaI, kyoMki ve udAsIna hote haiM, AkrAmaka nahIM, mitravat sahAyaka hote haiM, zatruvat bAdhaka nahIM / 'ghAtI', 'zatru' aura 'parataMtra banAnevAle' ina vizeSaNoM se karmoM kA nimittasvarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai aura dharmAdi dravyoM ke nimittAtmaka svarUpa se usakI vizeSatA samajha meM A jAtI hai| vaha yaha ki karma na kevala preraka haiM, balki AkrAmaka, bAdhaka aura ghAtaka haiN| inhIM arthoM meM Agama meM unheM preraka kahA gayA hai, anya kisI artha meM nhiiN| pUrvokta vidvAnoM ne karmoM ke preraka hone kA jo artha batalAyA hai, vaha zabdoM ke sAtha kitanA bar3A chala-kapaTa hai, yaha uparyukta pramANoM se siddha ho jAtA hai| " Atmadravya apanI kAryotpatti meM jaba balAdhAna karatA hai taba pudgalakarmoM kA usameM nimitta bananA hI unakA preraka honA hai", prerakatA kI ukta vidvAnoM dvArA kI gaI yaha vyAkhyA pudgalakarmoM ke moharAgAdisvabhAvAtmaka tathA Atma ke zuddhacaitanyasvabhAvAtmaka hone kA artha hI vyartha kara detI hai aura AtmA ko svabhAva se moharAgAdirUpa siddha karatI hai| yaha vyAkhyA karmoM kI ghAtakatA se bhI adhika ghAtaka hai| 1. samayasAra / AtmakhyAti / gAthA 4 2. paJcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 1

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238 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana karma ajeya nahIM karmodaya hone para AtmA kA usase prabhAvita honA anivArya hai| jisa samaya jisa karmaprakRti kA udaya hotA hai usa samaya usake anurUpa AtmapariNAma avazya hotA hai| krodhaprakRti kA udaya hone para krodhapariNAma honA anivArya hai, mAnAdi prakRtiyoM ke udaya meM tadanurUpa pariNAma avazyambhAvI hai| karmaphala kA anubhava karAnA hI udaya kahalAtA hai -'krmnnaamnbhvnmudyH|" udayAnusAra pariNAma avazya hotA hai| isalie bandha honA bhI anivArya hai| kintu karma ajeya nahIM haiM, unheM jItA jA sakatA hai, unake udaya ko rokA jA sakatA hai, kSayopazama kiyA jA sakatA hai, kSaya kiyA jA sakatA hai, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa aura saMkramaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| unakI prerakatA tabhI taka kAyama rahatI hai, jaba taka jIva una para aMkuza lagAne ke lie kamara nahIM kstaa| zarIra meM viSa kA prasAra tabhI taka hotA hai, jaba taka oSadhi kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jaataa| jaise oSadhi ke prayoga se viSa kA pravAha avaruddha ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jaba jIva samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI auSadha kA prayoga karatA hai taba karma mUcchita ho jAte haiM, azakta ho jAte haiM, chinna-bhinna ho jAte haiN| garur3a ke Age sarpa kA AtaMka kaba taka kAyama raha sakatA hai ? karmazatruoM ke hanana kI vidhi para prakAza DAlate hue zrI brahmadeva sUri likhate haiM - ___ "saMsAriyoM ko nirantara karmabandha hotA hai, isI prakAra udaya bhI hotA hai| zuddhopayoga ke lie avakAza nahIM hai, taba mokSa kaise sambhava hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki karmodaya kI avasthA sadA eka-sI nahIM rhtii| usameM prabalatA aura mandatA AtI rahatI hai| ata: jaise zatru kI kSINa avasthA dekhakara manuSya pauruSa karake usakA vinAza kara detA hai, vaise hI jaba karmodaya manda hotA hai, taba jJAnI jIva nirmalabhAvanArUpa viziSTa khaDga se pauruSa karake karmazatruoM kA hanana kara detA ata: jahA~ karmodaya ke nimitta se AtmA kI rAgAdirUpa pariNati anivArya hai, vahIM AtmA ke samyaktvasahita zubha evaM zuddhapariNAmoM se karmoM kA vinAza bhI avazyambhAvI hai| isalie karmoM ke preraka hone se mokSa ke asambhava hone kI zaMkA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| niSkarSa yaha ki karma preraka nimitta hI haiN| 1. prAkRta paJcasaMgraha/pR0 676 2. bRhadravyasaMgraha/brahmadevaTIkA/gAthA 37

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upAdAnanimittaviSayaka mithyAdhAraNAe~ / 239 karmoM ke atirikta dharmAdi anya dravya udAsIna nimitta hote haiM, kyoMki ve AtmA kI svabhAvabhUta zakti ke pariNamana meM hI sahayoga dete haiM, na to usake pariNamana meM bAdhA DAlate haiM, na usake viparIta pariNamana ke hetu banate haiN| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki zuddhopAdAnajanya kArya to upAdAnaprerita hI hote haiM, kintu azuddhopAdAnajanya kArya upAdAnaprerita nahIM hote, nimittaprerita hI hote haiM, arthAt unakA niyamana nimitta hI karatA hai| kyoMki jaba upAdAna kI azuddhatA svayaM nimittaprerita hai, taba tajjanya kAryoM kA nimittaprerita honA anivArya hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki kisI dravya ko upacAra se nimitta nahIM kahA jAtA, apitu vaha vAstava meM ( niyatasvalakSaNa ke anusAra ) nimitta hotA hai, isalie nimitta kahA jAtA hai / nimitta ke binA upAdAna apane kArya kI utpatti meM asamartha hotA hai| ataH kAryotpatti meM nimitta kA utanA hI hAtha hotA hai jitanA upAdAna kaa| tathA pudgalakarma dharmAdi dravyoM ke samAna udAsIna nimitta nahIM haiM, apitu preraka nimitta haiM, balki preraka hI nahIM, AkrAmaka aura ghAtaka nimitta haiN| -

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dvAdaza adhyAya nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa pUrva meM isa tathya kA avalokana kiyA gayA hai ki nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya parasparasApekSa haiM, arthAt donoM milakara hI AtmAdi padArthoM ke anekAntasvarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate haiM tathA donoM nayoM ke dvArA prarUpita sAdhanApaddhatiyoM kA AvazyakatAnusAra Azraya lene se hI mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai| kintu nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke svarUpa ko samyagrUpeNa hRdayaMgama na kara pAne se jaina siddhAnta ke anuyAyI bhI kisI eka hI naya ke kathana ko sarvathA satya mAnakara ekAntavAdI bana jAte haiN| yaha eka viDambanA hI hai ki jo jainasiddhAnta anekAntavAdI hai aura syAdvAda ke dvArA vizva ke sabhI yuktisaMgata matoM kA samanvaya karatA hai use bhI loga ekAntavAdI mAnyatAoM se dUSita kara dete haiN| AcAryadvaya amRtacandra evaM jayasena ne paJcAstikAya/gAthA 172 kI TIkAoM meM do prakAra ke jainaekAntavAdiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : kevalanizcayAvalambI aura kevlvyvhaaraalmbii| tathA paMDita ToDaramala jI ne apane prasiddha grantha mokSamArgaprakAzaka meM tIna ekAntavAdoM yA nayAbhAsoM kA avalambana karanevAle jainamithyAdRSTiyoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| ve tIna ekAntavAda nimnilikhita haiM : nizcayaikAnta, vyavahAraikAnta tathA ubhyaikaant| inheM kramaza: nizcayAbhAsa, vyavahArAbhAsa evaM ubhayAbhAsa bhI kahate haiN| nizcayAbhAsa vyavahAranaya ke kathana ko sarvathA asatya mAnakara nizcayanaya ke kathana ko ekAntata: satya svIkAra karanA nizcayaikAnta yA nizcayAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| isake kucha udAharaNa mokSamArgaprakAzaka ke AdhAra para yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| Agama meM saMsArI jIva ko nizcayanaya se arthAt dravyadRSTi se siddhoM ke samAna zuddha kahA gayA hai aura vyavahAranaya se arthAt paryAyadRSTi se azuddha ( rAgAdimaya ) / kintu vyavahAranaya ko sarvathA asatya mAnanevAle apane ko paryAya kI apekSA azuddha nahIM mAnate aura nizcayanaya ke kathana ko dravya aura paryAya donoM draSTiyoM se satya mAnakara svayaM ko sarvathA ( dravya aura paryAya donoM kI apekSA ) zuddha ( rAgAdibhAvarahita ) samajhate haiN|

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nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa / 241 jIvoM meM kevalajJAnI banane kI zakti hai, ata: Agama meM sabhI jIvoM ko nizcayanaya se arthAt dravyadRSTi se kevalajJAnasvabhAvavAlA batalAyA gayA hai, paryAyapradhAna vyavahAranaya se kevalajJAnarahita hI kahA gayA hai| kintu vyavahAranaya ko asvIkAra kara kevala nizcayanaya ke kathana ko hI dravya aura paryAya donoM apekSAoM se satya mAnanevAle nizcayAbhAsI svayaM ko vartamAna paryAya kI apekSA bhI kevalajJAnI mAna lete haiN| rAgAdibhAva AtmA ke svAbhAvika bhAva nahIM haiM, aupAdhika bhAva haiN| isa kAraNa sarvajJa ne nizcayanaya kI apekSA AtmA ko rAgAdizanya batalAyA hai aura vyavahAranaya se arthAt paryAyadRSTi se raagaadibhaavmy| kintu vyavahAranaya ke kathana meM zraddhA na rakhane vAle ekAntanizcayAvalambI svayaM ko paryAya kI apekSA rAgAdibhAvamaya na mAnakara sarvathA rAgAdizUnya samajhate haiN| karmoM ke sAtha AtmA kA tAdAtmyasambandha arthAt ekadravyAtmaka sambandha nahIM hai, isalie maulika bheda kI apekSA nizcayanaya se jIva ko karmoM se abaddha varNita kiyA gayA hai| kintu, jIva aura pudgalakarmoM meM paraspara saMzleSa aura nimittanaimittika sambandha haiM, isalie bAhyasambandha kI apekSA vyavahAranaya se baddha batalAyA gayA hai| parantu, sirpha nizcayanaya ke kathana ko hI sarvathA satya mAnanevAle nizcayaikAntavAdI svayaM ke sarvathA abaddha hone kI zraddhA karate haiN| bhagavAn ne nizcayanaya se zuddhAtmAnubhava ko mokSamArga nirUpita kiyA hai aura usakA sAdhaka hone se samyaktvapUrvaka zubhopayoga ko vyavahAranaya se mokSamArga nAma diyA hai| kintu, ekAntanizcayAvalambI jIva vyavahAranaya ke kathana ko sarvathA asatya mAnane ke kAraNa samyaktvapUrvaka zabhopayoga ko nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka svIkAra nahIM karate aura zuddhAtmAnubhava kI sAmarthya prApta kiye binA hI 'maiM siddha samAna zuddha hU~', 'kevalajJAnAdisahita hU~', 'dravyakarmAdirahita hU~, ityAdi kAlpanika cintana karate haiM aura socate haiM ki ve zaddha AtmA kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| isase zuddhAtmAnubhava to hotA nahIM hai, ulaTe zubhapravRtti kA avalambana na karane se zuddhAtmAnubhava kI sAmarthya bhI prApta nahIM ho pAtI aura azubha meM DUbakara kevala pApa kA bandha karate haiN| zubhopayoga mokSa kA sAkSAt mArga nahIM hai, kyoMki usase puNyabandha hotA hai| isalie Agama meM use nizcayanaya se heya kahA gayA hai, para azubha se bacAkara paramparayA mokSa kA sAdhaka hone se vyavahAranaya kI apekSA upAdeya bhI batalAyA gayA hai, kintu nizcayAbhAsa se grasta manuSya use sarvathA heya mAna baiThate haiN|

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242 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana samyagdRSTi sAdhaka ko karmodayajanita viSayabhoga meM Asakti nahIM hotii| isalie viSayabhoga karate hue bhI jitane aMza meM rAgarahita hotA hai utane aMza meM use karmabandha nahIM hotA, nirjarA hI hotI hai| isa kAraNa bhagavAn ne nizcayanaya kI apekSA yaha kahA hai ki samyagdRSTi ko viSayabhoga se bandha nahIM hotaa| kintu nizcayAbhAsI jIva AtmA kI carcA karane mAtra se apane ko samyagdRSTi mAna lete haiM aura bandha ke bhaya se rahita hokara svacchandatApUrvaka viSayabhoga karate haiN| upAdAna kArya kA mukhya hetu hai aura nimitta sahakArI hetu| isalie Agama meM upAdAna ko nizcayanaya se aura nimitta ko vyavahAranaya se kArya kA hetu batalAyA gayA hai| kintu vyavahAranaya ko sarvathA asatya mAnanevAle ekAntanizcayAvalambI loga kisI padArtha ko nimitta kahA jAnA upacArakathana mAnate haiM, yathArtha kathana nhiiN| ata: nimitta ko asatya aura akiMcitkara kahakara mokSamArga ke nimittabhUta sAdhanoM ( vyavahAramokSamArga ) kA avalambana nahIM karate aura pApapravRttiyoM meM saMlagna rahate hue aupacArika svAdhyAya tathA kAlpanika dhyAna kA niSphala karmakANDa karate rahate haiM ina udAharaNoM se nizcayAbhAsI mAnyatAoM kA paricaya milatA hai| vyavahArAbhAsa nizcayanaya ke kathana meM zraddhA na kara ekamAtra vyavahAranaya ke kathana ko sarvathA satya mAna lenA vyavahAraikAnta yA vyavahArAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| isake udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM - vyavahAramokSamArga nizcayamokSamArga kA sAdhaka hai, svayaM mokSamArga nahIM hai, kintu ekAntavyavahArAvalambI use hI mokSamArga mAna lete haiM aura vratAdi zubha kriyAe~ karate rahate haiM, jisase puNyabandha dvArA svargAdi kI prApti to ho jAtI hai, mokSa prApta nahIM ho paataa| sarvajJa ne vyavahAranaya se azubhabhAva kI apekSA zubhabhAva ko upAdeya batalAyA hai, kintu mokSa kI dRSTi se nizcayanaya kI apekSA donoM heya kahe gaye haiN| phira bhI kevala vyavahAra ke pakSa meM jhukanevAle mithyAdRSTi zubhabhAva ko hI mokSa kA upAya mAnate haiN| anazanAdi bAhya tapa zuddhopayogarUpa vAstavika tapa kI vRddhi kA hetu hai, isalie Agama meM use vyavahAranaya se tapa kahA gayA hai| vyavahAranaya ke abhiprAya ko yathArthata: na samajhanevAle vyavahArAbhAsI use vAstavika tapa samajha lete haiM aura nirjarA kA kAraNa mAnate haiM, jabaki bAhyapravRtti nirjarA kA hetu nahIM hai|

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nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa / 243 vyavahArasamyagdarzana ke ATha aMgoM kA aMgIkAra, paccIsa doSoM kA parihAra tathA saMvegAdi guNoM kA pAlana nizcayasamyaktva ke paramparayA hetu haiN| isalie jinendradeva ne inheM vyavahAranaya se samyagdarzana kahA hai, kintu vyavahArAbhAsa se grasta manuSya inheM hI nizcayasamyagdarzana mAnatA hai| AgamajJAna AtmajJAnarUpa nizcayasamyagjJAna kA hetu hai, ata: use vyavahAranaya se samyagjJAna saMjJA dI gaI hai, kintu vyavahAra ko hI nizcaya samajhanevAle mithyAdRSTi AgamajJAna se hI apane ko samyagjJAnI mAna baiThate haiN| strI-putra, zatru-mitra, indriyaviSaya-dhanasampatti Adi bAhyapadArthoM ke nimitta se rAgAdi kA udaya ho jAtA hai| isalie unheM vyavahAranaya se rAgAdi kA hetu kahA gayA hai| nizcayanaya se jIvakRta karma rAgAdi ke mUla haiN| kintu vyavahArapakSa kA hI avalambana karanevAlA jIva bAhya padArtha ko paramArthata: rAgAdi kI utpatti kA hetu mAnatA hai| arahanta bhagavAn ke prati bhaktirUpa zubhapariNAma se puNyabandha hotA hai, jisase svargAdi iSTa kI prApti tathA aniSTa kA nivAraNa hotA hai| zubhapariNAmoM meM arahanta nimitta hote haiM, ata: vyavahAranaya se unheM svargAdi kA dAtA aura aniSTa kA nivAraka kahA jAtA hai| kintu vyavahAra ko nizcayarUpa se grahaNa kara lene vAle jIva kI yaha dhAraNA bana jAtI hai ki ve vAstava meM svargamokSa ke dAtA tathA aniSTa ke nivAraka haiN| Abhyantara nimranthatA ( moharAgAdi ke tyAga ) ko nizcayanaya se guru kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai aura bAhya nirgranthatA ( vastrAdi parigraha ke tyAga ) ko vyavahAranaya se| kintu, vyavahAra ko hI paramArtha samajhane vAlA jIva mAtra bAhya nirgranthatA ko guru kA vAstavika lakSaNa mAna letA hai aura kevala usI ko dekhakara guru kI pUjA karatA hai| anekAnta vastutattva tathA nizcaya-vyavahAramokSamArga zAstra kA pratipAdya viSaya hai| para vyavahArAbhAsa se grasta manuSya zAstra ke prati kevala isalie zraddhA rakhatA hai ki usameM vrata-tapa, dayA, kSamA, zIla-santoSAdi vyavahAradharma kA nirUpaNa haiN| ye udAharaNa vyavahArAbhAsa kA paricaya dete haiN| ubhayAbhAsa nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM ke kathana ko bhinna-bhinna apekSA se satya na mAnakara nizcayakathana ko bhI sarvathA satya mAnanA aura vyavahArakathana ko bhI sarvathA satya svIkAra karanA ubhayaikAnta yA ubhayAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| ubhayAbhAsiyoM kI dhAraNA Jain'Education International

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244 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana hotI hai ki jinamata meM do nayoM se upadeza diyA gayA hai, ataH donoM kA upadeza eka hI samAna satya mAnakara aMgIkAra karanA caahie| ve isa tathya ko hRdayaMgama nahIM kara pAte ki nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke kathana alaga-alaga apekSA se satya hote haiM, eka hI apekSA se nhiiN| alaga-alaga apekSA se satya hone para donoM naya paraspara sApekSa hote haiM, apekSAbheda na hone para nirapekSa ho jAte haiM / sApekSa hone para hI unameM virodha kA abhAva hotA hai, nirapekSa hone para ve virodhI bana jAte haiN| isa tathya se anabhijJa hone ke kAraNa ubhayAbhAsI jIva nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM ko eka hI prakAra se satya mAnate haiN| mokSamArgaprakAzaka' ke anusAra ubhayAbhAsa ke kucha udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| Agama meM vAstavika mokSamArga ko nizcayamokSamArga tathA usake sAdhaka mArga ko vyavahAramokSamArga saMjJA dI gaI hai| isa taraha nizcayanaya se mokSamArga eka hI hai, do nahIM / kintu ubhayAbhAsI loga nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArga donoM ko nizcayanaya se mokSamArga mAnate haiM aura nizcayAbhAsiyoM ke samAna kAlpanika 'zuddhAtmAnubhava tathA vyavahArAbhAsiyoM ke samAna nizcayanirapekSa vratAdi kiyAoM kA eka sAtha abhyAsa karate haiN| isase na to nizcayamokSamArga siddha ho pAtA hai, na vyavahAramokSamArga | kucha ubhayAbhAsiyoM kI yaha dhAraNA hotI hai ki nizcayamokSamArga tathA vyavahAramokSamArga donoM vAstavika mokSamArga haiM, kintu nizcayamokSamArga kevala zraddhA meM upAdeya hai aura vyavahAramokSamArga pravRtti meM / yaha dhAraNA mithyA hai| yadi nizcayamokSamArga pravRtti meM upAdeya na ho, to usake lie bhagavAn ne mokSamArga zabda kA prayoga kyA mAtra dastUra nibhAne ke lie kiyA hai ? AtmA svabhAva se zuddhacaitanyasvarUpa hai, parantu karmopAdhi ke nimitta se moharAgAdirUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| isalie sarvajJa ne use dravyapradhAna nizcayanaya se zuddhacaitanyasvarUpa tathA paryAyapradhAna vyavahAranaya se moharAgAdirUpa batalAyA hai| kintu donoM nayoM ke kathana ko eka hI prakAra se satya mAnanevAle ubhayAbhAsI AtmA ko svabhAva se zuddhacaitanyasvarUpa bhI mAnate haiM aura moharAgAdisvarUpa bhI, jo prakAza aura andhakAra ke samAna paraspara virodhI haiM / isI prakAra muni jaba zubhopayoga ko chor3akara zuddhopayoga kA prayatna karatA hai, taba vaha prayatna kI avasthA zuddhopayoga kA sAkSAt upAdAna hotI hai / kintu yaha prayatna zubhopayoga meM abhyasta samyagdRSTi zramaNa hI kara sakatA hai| isalie 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / adhikAra 7 / pR0 248-257

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nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa / 245 samyagdRSTi zramaNa kA zubhopayoga zuddhopayoga kA paramparayA upAdAna kAraNa hai| isa apekSA se Agama meM use vyavahAranaya se zuddhopayoga kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| kintu ubhayaikAntavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra meM 'apekSA' kI dRSTi se koI pharka nahIM hotA, isalie ve zubhopayoga ko zuddhopayoga kA paramparayA upAdAna kAraNa na mAnakara sAkSAt upAdAna kAraNa mAna lete haiN| yaha zraddhA mithyA hai, kyoki 'upAdAnakAraNasadRzaM kAryaM bhavati'' ( upAdAna kAraNa ke sadRza hI kArya hotA hai ) isa niyama ke anusAra jaise zubhopayoga azubhopayogapariNata AtmA se utpanna nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI zuddhopayoga zubhopayogapariNata AtmA se udbhUta nahIM ho sktaa| zubhopayoga ko chor3akara zuddhopayoga ke prayatna meM pariNata AtmA se hI zuddhopayoga kI utpatti sambhava hai| ina nidarzanoM se ubhayAbhAsa kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ekAntavAdiyoM kA itihAsa jaina ekAntavAdiyoM kA itihAsa bahuta purAnA hai| AcArya kundakunda dvitIya zatAbdI ( IsavI ) meM hue the| unhoMne apane prasiddha grantha samayasAra meM jainoM meM pracalita ekAntavAda kI carcA kI hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ekAntavAda kA Azraya lenevAle kundakunda ke pUrva se cale A rahe the| vastuta: AcArya kundakunda ne vyavahAraikAnta kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hI samayasAra kI racanA kI thii| sampUrNa samayasAra meM ekAntavyavahAravAdiyoM kI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAraikAnta ajJAniyoM kA lakSaNa hai, isalie jJAniyoM kA lakSaNa batalAte hue ve likhate haiM - mottUNa NicchayaTuM vavahAre Na vidusA pavaTThati / paramaTThamassidANa du jadINa kammakkhao vihio / / - jJAnI nizcayanaya ke viSaya ko chor3akara ( nizcayanirapekSa hokara ) vyavahAra meM pravRtta nahIM hote, kyoMki paramArtha kA Azraya lene vAle yatiyoM ke hI karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| vratAdi zubhapariNAma ko sarvathA heya mAnanevAle nizcayaikAntavAdiyoM kA astitva bhI usa samaya thaa| unheM vrata-tapa Adi kI kathaMcit upAdeyatA darzAne ke lie kundakundadeva ne yaha gAthA kahI hai - 1. samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA, 128-129 2. vahI/gAthA 156

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246 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana vara vayatavehi saggo mA dukkhaM hou nirai iyarehiM / chAyAtavaTThiyANaM paDivAlaMtANa gurubheyaM / / ' - vrata aura tapa ke dvArA svarga prApta honA acchA hai, kintu avrata aura atapa ke dvArA naraka ke duHkha bhoganA acchA nhiiN| chAyA meM baiThakara pratIkSA karanevAloM aura dhUpa meM baiThakara pratIkSA karanevAloM kI sthitiyoM meM bar3A antara hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki svarga meM samaya vyatIta karate hue mokSa ke anukUla avasara kI pratIkSA karanA akaSTakara hotA hai aura naraka meM rahate hue pratIkSA karanA kssttkr| navIM zatAbdI meM prasiddha grantha AlApapaddhati ke racayitA AcArya devasena hue haiN| unhoMne 'darzanasAra' nAmaka grantha meM ekAntamatAvalambI jainAbhAsoM kI carcA kI hai| kundakunda-sAhitya ke yazasvI TIkAkAra AcArya amRtacandra tathA AcArya jayasena kA kAla kramaza: dasavIM evaM terahavIM zatAbdI IsavI hai| unhoneM paJcAstikAya kI 172vIM gAthA kI TIkA meM do prakAra ke ekAntavAdiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai tathA aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue paMDita ToDaramala jI ne apane prasiddha grantha mokSamArgaprakAzaka meM tIna prakAra ke jaina ekAntavAdiyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| isakA pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA jA cukA hai| vartamAna meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra ko lekara prabala vivAda pracalita hai jisase ekAntavAdiyoM ke astitva kI sUcanA milatI hai| vaicArika vivAda kA kAraNa sadA ekAntavAda hI huA karatA hai| jahA~ anekAntadRSTi hai vahA~ vivAda ke lie avakAza nahIM hotaa| donoM meM andhakAra aura prakAza ke samAna virodha hai| ekAntavAda ke hetu aba vicAraNIya hai ki ekAntavAda ke kAraNa kyA haiM ? jinendradeva ke anekAntamata ko unake anuyAyI ekAntarUpa meM grahaNa kyoM kara lete haiM ? isake nimnalikhita kAraNa haiM - anekAnta-siddhAnta se anabhijJatA yaha sarvaprathama kAraNa hai| anekAnta jainasiddhAnta kA prANa hai| isameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM anekAntAtmaka haiN| yaha eka aisA tathya hai jisase manuSya nisargata: anabhijJa hotA hai| isIlie AcAryoM ne jainadarzana kI anekAntAtmakatA kI ora 1. mokkhapAhuDa/gAthA 25 2. "paramAgamasya jIvaM ... nmaamynekaantm|" puruSArthasiddhyupAya/kArikA 2

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nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa / 247 dhyAna AkRSTa karane ke lie bArambAra prayatna kiyA hai / anekAnta-siddhAnta se anabhijJa hone para manuSya anekAntadRSTi se AgamavacanoM kA vicAra nahIM karatA, ataeva vaha ekAntavAdI ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta jo anekAnta - siddhAnta ko yathArtharUpa se nahIM jAnatA, vaha bhI ekAntavAdI ho jAtA hai| aise hI logoM ke viSaya meM paMDita ToDaramala jI ne kahA hai 'mithyAdRSTi manuSya anekAntarUpa vastu ko to mAnatA parantu yathArthabhAva ko pahacAna kara nahIM maantaa|' Aja ke kucha vidvAn mokSamArga meM vyavahAranaya ko upAdeya nahIM mAnate, yaha mokSamArga kI anekAntAtmakatA se anabhijJa hone kA hI pariNAma hai| hai, nayasvarUpa se anabhijJatA - ekAntavAda kA yaha dUsarA kAraNa hai| udAharaNArtha, asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ke svarUpa se samyagrUpeNa paricita na hone ke kAraNa kucha vidvAn use vastudharma kA pratipAdaka na mAnakara mAtra anyatra prasiddha dharma kA anyatra samAropa karanevAlA mAnate haiN| isa mAnyatA ke kAraNa ve asadbhUtavyavahAranaya se vastu meM batalAe jAnevAle nimitta - naimittikAdi sambandhoM ko asatya mAna lete haiM aura kArya kI utpatti meM ekamAtra upAdAna ko hI heturUpa se svIkAra karate haiM jo ekAntavAda hai / isI ekAntadhAraNA ke phalasvarUpa aneka vicArakoM ne nizcayadharma ( nizcayamokSamArga ) aura vyavahAradharma ( vyavahAramokSamArga ) meM sAdhya - sAdhakabhAva kA niSedhakara kevala nizcayadharma ko hI mokSa ke lie avalambanIya ThaharAyA hai| yaha nayasvarUpa kI anabhijJatA se phalita honevAle ekAntavAda kA udAharaNa hai| ,1 sApekSatA se anabhijJatA nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya paraspara sApekSa haiN| jo kathana nizcayanaya kI apekSA abhUtArtha ( asatya ) hai, vaha vyavahAranaya kI apekSA bhUtArtha hotA hai| jo dharma nizcayanaya kA viSaya nahIM hai, usake astitva kA vaha ( nizcayanaya ) sarvathA niSedha nahIM karatA, apitu vyavahAranaya kI apekSA use maunarUpa se svIkAra karatA hai| isalie nizcayanaya ke anusAra jo abhUtArtha hai, use sarvathA abhUtArtha nahIM mAna lenA caahie| kintu aneka loga nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI isa parasparasApekSatA se anabhijJa hote haiN| isa kAraNa nizcayanaya ke dvArA jise abhUtArtha kahA gayA hai, use sarvathA abhUtArtha mAna lete haiN| udAharaNArtha, Agama meM nizcayanaya kI apekSA jIva aura pudgala ke paraspara bandha ko abhUtArtha kahA gayA hai tathA donoM kI bandhaparyAya se utpanna jIvAdi nau tattva bhI abhUtArtha batalAye gaye haiN| isalie jo yaha nahIM jAnate ki nizcayanaya 2 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka / sAtavA~ adhikAra 2. samayasAra / AtmakhyAti /gAthA 13 - 14

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H 248 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana dvArA ye sarvathA abhUtArtha nahIM kahe gaye haiM, apitu vyavahAranaya kI apekSA inheM vaha bhUtArtha svIkAra karatA hai, ve loga inheM sarvathA abhUtArtha mAna lete haiM aura nizcayAbhAsI bana jAte haiN| isI prakAra jIva aura pudgala kI anAdi bandhaparyAya ko vyavahAranaya se bhUtArtha kahA gayA hai / ataH jo loga isa tathya se anabhijJa haiM ki vyavahAranaya ke dvArA use kathaMcit bhUtArtha kahA gayA hai, sarvathA nahIM, nizcayanaya kI apekSA vaha use abhUtArtha bhI svIkAra karatA hai, ve loga bandhaparyAya ko sarvathA bhUtArtha mAnakara vyavahArAbhAsI bana jAte haiN| doSapUrNa vyAkhyAe~ ekAntavAda kA yaha sabase bar3A kAraNa hai| janasAmAnya vidvAnoM ke dvArA hI zAstroM kA marma samajhane meM samartha hotA hai| una para janasAdhAraNa kI bar3I zraddhA hotI hai| isalie vaha vidvajjanoM ke kathana ko brahmavAkya samajhakara svIkAra kara letA hai| zAstroM kA svayaM svAdhyAya karane kI na to sAdhAraNa logoM meM bauddhika kSamatA hotI hai, na avakAza / ataH unase sIdhe tattvanirNaya karane kA avasara viraloM ko hI mila pAtA hai| jinheM mila pAtA hai unameM bhI Agama ke gUr3ha artha ko samajhane meM koI-koI hI samartha hote haiM / ataH janasAmAnya kA ekAntavAdI yA anekAntavAdI bananA pramukhataH vidvAnoM kI vyAkhyAoM para nirbhara hai| vartamAna meM ekAntavAda kA prasAra karane meM unakA pramukha hAtha hai | Agama ke vacanoM ko aneka vidvAnoM ne bhrAntarUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai aura unakI bhrAntipUrNa vyAkhyA karane meM ve koI kamI nahIM rakha rahe haiN| isa kArya meM ve pUrNa buddhikauzala evaM pANDitya kA prayoga kara rahe haiM, jisase sarvasAdhAraNa kI buddhi saralatA se ekAntavAda meM dIkSita ho rahI hai| isa prakAra ke jJAnI AgamavacanoM kI jo doSapUrNa vyAkhyAe~ karate haiM unake kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM 1. asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kA viSaya vastudharma nahIM hai, upacArakathanamAtra hai| 2. asadbhUta vyavahAranaya ajJAniyoM kA vyavahAra hai| 3. nimitta akiMcitkara hai| eka dravya ke pariNAma ko dUsare dravya ke pariNAma kA hetu kahanA kathanamAtra hai| 4. nizcaya aura vyavahAra meM parasparasApekSatA nahIM hai| 5. nizcayadharma aura vyavahAradharma meM sAdhya-sAdhakabhAva nahIM hai| 6. zubhapariNAma mAtra bandha kA kAraNa hai| ataH vaha sarvathA heya hai| 1. samayasAra /gAthA 13-14 --

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nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa / 249 7. kevala vastu-vyavasthA samajhane ke lie nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM naya kAryakArI haiN| sAdhanA ke lie eka nizcayanaya hI upAdeya hai| inakA tathA isa prakAra kI aneka doSapUrNa vyAkhyAoM kA vistRta varNana pUrva adhyAyoM meM kiyA jA cukA hai| vidvajjanoM kI ye dUSita vyAkhyAe~ janasAmAnya kI buddhi ko ekAntavAda se dUSita kara rahI haiN| ekAntapravacana ekAntavAda kA yaha anyatama hetu hai / tattva anekAnta hai / anekAnta tattva kA bodha karAne ke lie usake ubhayapakSoM kA kathana Avazyaka hai| kintu aneka pravacanakarttA eka pakSa kA hI kathana karate haiM ( athavA eka pakSa para hI anAvazyaka bala dete haiM ), dUsare pakSa kI upekSA karate haiN| isase jijJAsuoM yA zrotAoM kI dRSTi meM vastu kA eka hI pakSa A pAtA hai, jisase vastu ke viSaya meM ekAnta dhAraNA bana jAtI hai| udAharaNArtha, samyaktvasahita zubhapariNAma kevala puNyabandha kA kAraNa nahIM hai, paramparayA mokSa kA bhI hetu hai, kintu kucha Adhunika pravacanakAra usakI bandhahetutA kA hI varNana karate haiM, pAramparika mokSahetutA kI carcA nahIM karate, aura kucha usakI mokSahetutA para hI bala dete haiM, bandhahetutA ke viSaya meM mauna ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra koI vyavahAramokSamArga kI heyatA kA hI kathana karatA hai aura koI usakI upAdeyatA para hI prakAza DAlatA hai| isase zrotAoM ke mana meM ukta prakAra kI ekAnta dhAraNAe~ bana jAtI haiN|. AcArya amRtacandra ne ekAntapravacana kI hAniyA~ batalAte hue kahA hai ki tIrthapravRtti ke nimitta paramArthasatya ke sAtha-sAtha vyavahArasatya kA darzAyA jAnA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki zarIra aura jIva meM jo svabhAvagata bheda hai kevala usI ko darzAne se loga unameM sarvathA bheda samajha leMge aura prANiyoM ke zarIra kA ghAta karane meM hiMsA nahIM maaneNge| isase ve niHsaMkoca prANiyoM kA vadha kareMge jisase pApabandha hogA aura mokSa asambhava ho jAyegA / isI prakAra AtmA aura rAgAdi bhAvoM meM jo svabhAvagata bhinnatA hai, kevala usI kA varNana karane se zrotAgaNa unameM sarvathA bhinnatA mAna leMge aura apane ko pUrNa zuddha samajhakara mokSa kA prayatna hI na kreNge|' isa prakAra ekAntapravacana atyanta hAnikAraka hai| vidvAnoM ke ekAntapravacanoM se na kevala zrotA bhramita ho rahe haiM, vidvajjagat meM bhI bhayaMkara dvandva utpanna ho gayA hai| isakA nirdeza karate hue kSullaka jinendravarNI likhate haiM 1. samayasAra / AtmakhyAti / gAthA 46

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250 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana ___ "Aja bar3e-bar3e vidvAn bhI paraspara AkSepa kara eka-dUsare kA virodha karane meM hI apanA samaya va jIvana barbAda kara rahe haiN| eka kevala upAdAna-upAdAna kI raTa lagA rahA hai, to dUsarA kevala naimittika bhAvoM yA nimittoM kii| eka jJAnamAtra kI mahimA kA bakhAna karake kevala jAnane-jAnane kI bAta para jora lagA rahA hai aura dUsarA kevala vratAdi bAhyacAritra dhAraNa karane kI bAta pr| .... kitanA acchA hotA, yadi donoM virodhI bAtoM ko apane vaktavya meM yathAsthAna avakAza diyA jaataa|" anekAnta tattva kA pravacana mukhyagauNa-bhAva se hotA hai| eka bAra meM tattva ke eka hI pakSa kA kathana sambhava hai| ata: yaha atyanta Avazyaka hai ki vastu ke jisa dharma ko kathana meM pramukhatA dI jA rahI hai, usake viSaya meM yaha batalA diyA jAya ki yaha dharma isa vizeSa apekSA se hI vastu meM hai, sarvathA nhiiN| sAtha hI apekSA-vizeSa se pratipakSI dharma ke astitva kI sUcanA bhI de dI jaay| isase ekAnta dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa na hogaa| pratipakSI dharma kI sUcanA usI samaya denA Avazyaka hai, anyathA zrotA ke mastiSka meM vastu kA anekAnta citra nirmita na hogA tathA yaha sambhava hai ki zrotA ko Age pravacana sunane kA avasara na mile, jisase vaha pratipakSI dharma ko jAnane se anizcita kAla ke lie vaMcita ho jaaye| isase usake mastiSka meM vastu kA anekAnta citra kabhI na bana pAyegA aura usake viSaya meM usakI sadA ke lie ekAnta dhAraNA bana jaayegii| ata: pravacanakartA ko apanA kathana pramANasApekSa aura nayAntarasApekSa banAnA atyanta Avazyaka hai| kSullaka jinendra varNI ne ise atyanta Avazyaka batalAte hue upadeza ko kisa prakAra sApekSa banAyA jA sakatA hai, isakA sundara nirUpaNa apane grantha nayadarpaNa meM kiyA hai|' prAcIna AcAryoM ne isa tathya kA pUrNarUpeNa dhyAna rakhA hai| zrotA ekAnta ko grahaNa na kara le, isa vicAra se ve eka pakSa kA nirUpaNa karate samaya pratipakSa kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI sAtha meM karate gae haiN| yaha nimnalikhita uddharaNoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai - suddhA suddhAdeso NAyavvo paramabhAvadarasIhiM / vavahAradesidA puNa je du aparame TThidA bhAve / / ' isa gAthA meM AcArya kundakunda ne apekSAbheda se nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM kI upAdeyatA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| 1. nayadarpaNa/pR0 33-34 2. vahI/pRSTha 176-179 3. samayasAra/gAthA 12

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nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa / 251 joNhANaM NiravekkhaM sAgAraNagAracariyajuttANaM / aNukaMpayovayAraM kuvvadu levo jadi vi appo / / ' - jaina muniyoM aura zrAvakoM kI niSkAmabhAva se sevA karane para yadyapi kiMcit puNyabandha hotA hai, tathApi karanI caahie| isa gAthA meM bhI AcArya kundakunda ne zubhapravRtti kI kathaMcit heyarUpatA tathA kathaMcit upAdeyarUpatA donoM kA varNana kiyA hai| nimnalikhita kathana meM AcArya jayasena ne zubhopayoga kI puNyabandhahetutA . kA pratipAdana karate samaya usakI pAramparika mokSahetutA para bhI prakAza DAlA hai - ___"yadA .... samyaktvapUrvakaH zubhopayogo bhavati tadA mukhyavRtyAM puNbandho bhavati paramparayA nirvANaM ca, no cet punnybndhmaatrmev||"2 - jaba samyagdarzanapUrvaka zubhopayoga hotA hai, taba mukhyarUpa se puNyabandha hotA hai aura paramparayA nirvANa, anyathA mAtra puNbandha hotA hai| isa prakAra AcAryoM ne zrotAoM ko ekAntavAda se bacAne ke lie apane pravacana ko sadA nayAntarasApekSa banAyA hai| ekAntapravacana se zrotA na kevala ekAntavAdI banatA hai, apitu sAdhanA meM bhI viphala hotA hai| sAdhanA sAdhaka kI kSamatA para nirbhara hotI hai| ataH kSamatAnukUla sAdhanAkrama kA hI mukhyarUpa se upadeza diyA jAnA caahie| samyagdarzana ke lie to pratyeka mumukSu ko nizcaya aura vyavahAra ubhayanayasammata paripUrNa upadeza Avazyaka hai, kintu sAdhanA ke lie sAdhaka kI kSamatA ke anusAra nizcayapradhAna athavA vyavahArapradhAna upadeza Avazyaka hai| samyagdarzana hone ke bAda bhI sAdhaka utane hI saMyama meM samartha hotA hai, jitanA usakI kSamatA ke anurUpa hotA hai| isIlie AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra kI bArahavIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki ucca bhUmikA meM pahu~ce sAdhakoM ko nizcayapradhAna upadeza kA anusaraNa karanA cAhie tathA prAthamika bhUmikA meM sthita sAdhaka vyavahArapradhAna upadeza ke pAtra haiN| paMDita ToDaramala jI ne bhI mokSamArgaprakAzaka ke AThaveM adhikAra meM pAtra' kI yogyatA ke anusAra vyavahArAtmaka tathA nizcayasahita-vyavahArAtmaka ina do prakAra kI sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM ko upadeza ke yogya batalAyA hai| kintu kucha Adhunika adhyetA yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki 'jo mokSamArga para ArUr3ha honA cAhatA hai use mukhyatA se svabhAva kA Azraya lene kA hI upadeza 1. pravacanasAra 3/51 2. vahI/tAtparyavRtti 3/55

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252 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana honA caahie| .... AtmA meM jo vizuddhi utpanna hotI hai vaha svabhAva kA Azraya lene se hI hotI hai, vyavahAra kA Azraya lene se nhiiN| vyavahAradharma guNasthAnaparipATI se hokara bhI uttarottara guNasthAnoM meM chUTatA jAtA hai aura svabhAva ke Azraya se utpanna huI vizuddhi uttarottara vRddhi ko prApta hotI huI anta meM pUrNatA ko prApta ho jAtI hai| isalie jo chUTane yogya hai usakA mukhyatA se upadeza denA nyAyya na hokara svabhAva kA Azraya lekara mukhyatA se upadeza denA hI jinamArga hai, aisA yahA~ samajhanA caahie|' ukta adhyetAoM kA mantavya hai ki sabhI ko nizcayapradhAna upadeza diyA jAnA caahie| isI mAnyatA ke kAraNa ve sabhI ko nizcayapradhAna upadeza dete haiN| vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA Agama tathA manovijJAna donoM ke viruddha hai| Agama meM pAtra kI yogyatA ke anusAra nizcayapradhAna athavA vyavahArapradhAna upadeza vihita hai, yaha Upara darzAyA jA cukA hai| sarvajJa ne hI abhedaratnatraya kI siddhi ke lie bhedaratnatraya ke avalambana kA upadeza diyA hai| ata: sabhI ko nizcayapradhAna upadeza dene kA siddhAnta Agamaviruddha hai| isake atirakta sabhI ko nizcayapradhAna upadeza denA, sabhI se eka hI prakAra kA bojha uThavAne yA sabhI ko eka hI stara kA pAThyakrama par3hAne ke samAna amanovaijJAnika hai| isase upadeza, upadeza banakara hI raha sakatA hai, AcaraNa meM nahIM utara sktaa| svabhAva kA Azraya le sakane yogya banane ke lie hI vyavahAra kA Azraya lene kA upadeza diyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| AcArya jayasena ne isIlie kahA hai ki abhedaratnatraya kA sAdhaka hone ke kAraNa bhedaratnatraya upAdeya hai|' ukta vidvAnoM ko sambhavata: yaha bhrama bhI hai ki logoM ke saMsArabhramaNa kA mUla kAraNa puNya ko mokSamArga samajhakara zubhakriyAoM meM ulajhe rahanA hai| isalie unakI dRSTi meM logoM kI isa ajJAnamaya mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa karanA hI upadeza kA pramukha lakSya hai| isI kAraNa ve sabake lie nizcayanayAtmaka upadeza hI Avazyaka mAnate haiN| patA nahIM ye vidvAn kisa loka meM rahate haiM jo unheM saMsAra meM puNyAtmA hI dikhAI dete haiN| satya yaha hai ki adhikAMza jIva mokSa meM hI vizvAsa nahIM karate, puNya ko mokSamArga mAnane vAloM kI to bAta hI duur| saMsAra meM adhikAMza saMkhyA 'RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet' isa siddhAnta ke anuyAyiyoM kI hai| adhikAMza jIva AkaNTha pApa meM magna haiM, virale hI vyakti puNya karate haiN| AvazyakatA isa bAta 1. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 2/pR0 731 2. samayasAra/tAtparyavRtti/gAthA 116-120, 161-163

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nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa / 253 kI hai ki ina logoM ko pahale pApa ke paMka se nikAlA jAya, kintu prayatna puNya ko chur3Ane kA kiyA jAtA hai| jise loga karate hI nahIM, use chur3Ane kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai aura jise ve dina-rAta karate haiM usake viSaya meM carcA hI nahIM hotii| jo sarvaprathama heya hai usakI heyatA para pravacana meM sarvaprathama bala nahIM diyA jAtA, jisakI heyatA kA krama bAda meM AtA hai use sarvaprathama heya batalAyA jAtA hai| ata: jisa siddhAnta ke AdhAra para kathita tattvajJAnI ekAnta pravacana kA aucitya siddha karate haiM vaha nirAdhAra, kalpita, Agamaviruddha evaM amanovaijJAnika hai| sabhI ko nizcayapradhAna upadeza kA siddhAnta pAtra-sApekSa na hone se ekAnta evaM mithyA hai| isa prakAra ke ekAnta pravacanoM kA zrotAoM ko ekAntavAdI banAne meM pramukha hAtha hai| sAMketika bhASA kA prayoga yaha bhI ekAntavAda kA eka kAraNa hai| adhikAMza pravacanakAra spaSTa bhASA meM tathya kA nirUpaNa nahIM karate, apitu use naya ke nAma dvArA saMketita karate haiM, jisase vaha spaSTa nahIM hotA aura zrotA kucha kA kucha artha grahaNakara ekAntavAdI bana jAte haiN| jaise 'jIva vyavahAranaya se rAgAdibhAvoM kA kartA hai', isa kathana meM 'vyavahAranaya' zabda isa tathya kA saMketa karatA hai ki rAgAdibhAvarUpa se pariNata honA jIva kA svabhAva nahIM hai, apitu vaha karmodayavazAt rAgAdirUpa se pariNata hotA hai| itane gambhIra tathya ko 'vyavahAranaya' isa eka zabda ke saMketa dvArA samajhane ke lie nayoM kA sUkSma jJAna anivArya hai| kintu sAmAnya zrotAoM ke lie yaha sambhava nahIM hai| nayoM ke rahasya ko samajhane ke lie gahana zravaNa-manana kI AvazyakatA hai, jo dhIre-dhIre hI sambhava hai| ata: jaba taka sAmAnya zrotA isameM nipuNatA prApta nahIM kara lete taba taka unake lie sAMketika bhASA ( naya ke nAma dvArA tathya kA saMketa karanevAlI bhASA ) kA prayoga na kara, spaSTa bhASA kA prayoga kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| isake binA ve tathya ko samajhane meM asamartha rahate haiM aura andhakAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| "yaha yathArtha heta hai', 'yaha upacaritaheta hai', 'yaha nizcayanaya kA kathana hai', 'yaha vyavahAranaya kA kathana hai', 'nizcayanaya se AtmA aisA hai', 'vyavahAranaya se aisA hai'' - isa prakAra ke vaktavya sAmAnya zrotAoM ko paheliyoM ke samAna pratIta hote haiM aura ve inake marma ko samajha na pAne ke kAraNa inakA kAlpanika artha lekara tattva ko mithyArUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM aura ekAntavAdI bana jAte haiN| 1. isa Azaya kA ullekha paM0 ToDaramala jI ne mokSamArgaprakAzaka ke sAtaveM adhikAra (pR0 254 ) meM kiyA hai|

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254 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana spaSTa bhASA ata: yaha atyanta Avazyaka hai ki prAthamika zrotAoM ke samakSa jaba bhI sAMketika bhASA kA prayoga kiyA jAya taba usake tAtparya ko spaSTa bhASA meM samajhA diyA jaay| sAMketika bhASA kA prayoga yathAsambhava kama kiyA jAya, spaSTa bhASA kA prayoga adhika kiyA jaay| kintu adhikAMza Adhunika pravacanakAra aisA nahIM krte| ve apanI vidvattA darzAne ke lie athavA kisI anya prayojana se sAMketika bhASA kA hI prayoga karate haiM aura sarvajJa ke sIdhe-sarala upadeza ko zrotAoM ke lie pahelI banA dete haiN| sAMketika bhASA meM kie gae kathanoM ko spaSTa bhASA meM kisa prakAra samajhAyA jAnA cAhie, isake kucha udAharaNa yahA~ diye jA rahe haiM - sAMketika bhASA 1. AtmA aura zarIra meM vyavahAra- 1. AtmA aura zarIra meM saMzleSanaya se ekatva hai, nizcayanaya se nhiiN| rUpa ekatva hai, tAdAtmyarUpa nhiiN| 2. nizcayanaya se AtmA karmoM se 2. AtmA aura karmoM meM tAdAtmyaabaddha hai, vyavahAranaya se bddh| rUpabandha nahIM hai, saMzleSarUpa evaM nimittanaimittikabhAvarUpa bandha hai| 3. nizcaya se na bandha hai, na mokss| 3. bandha aura mokSa AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthAe~ nahIM haiM, naimittika ( aupAdhika ) haiN| 4. nizcaya se AtmA na pramatta hai, 4. pramattatA-apramattatA AtmA kI na apramatta, zuddha jJAyaka hai| svAbhAvika dazAe~ nahIM haiM, naimittika haiN| 5. 'AtmA meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra 5. AtmA aura jJAnadarzanAdi guNoM haiM', yaha vyavahAranaya se kahA jAtA hai| meM saMjJAdi kI apekSA bhinnatA hai, pradeza nizcayanaya se na jJAna hai, na darzana, na kI apekSA ve abhinna haiM, ekavasturUpa cAritra, jJAyakabhAvamAtra hai| 6. nizcaya se kevalI bhagavAn 6. tanmaya hokara svAtmA ko hI svAtmA ko hI jAnate haiM, vyavahAra se jAnate haiM, lokAloka ko tanmaya hue lokAloka ko| binA jAnate haiN| 7. jIva vyavahAra se rAgAdibhAvoM 7. karmasaMyukta azuddhAvasthA meM kA kartA hai| rAgAdibhAvoM kA kartA hai, svabhAvata: nhiiN|

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nizcayAbhAsa evaM vyavahArAbhAsa / 255 spaSTa bhASA sAMketika bhASA 8. jIva anupacarita asadbhUta- 8. jIva ke zubhAzubha pariNAmoM ke vyavahAranaya se dravyakarmoM kA kartA tathA nimitta se dravyakarmoM kI utpatti hotI hai unake sukhaduHkhAtmaka phala kA bhoktA hai| aura dravyakarmoM ke nimitta se jIva ke sukhaduHkhAtmaka pariNAma kii| ___. jIva upacarita asadbhUtavyavahAra- 9. jIva ke yogopayoga ke nimitta naya se ghaTa, paTa Adi kA kartA hai| se miTTI ghaTa-paTAdirUpa meM pariNamita hotI hai| 10. strI, putra, dhana Adi upacarita 10. strI, putra, dhana Adi saMyogaasadbhUtavyavahAranaya se jIva ke haiN| sambandha kI apekSA jIva ke kahalAte haiN| ina udAharaNoM ke anusAra sAMketika bhASA meM kiye gaye nirUpaNoM ko yadi tatkAla spaSTa bhASA meM samajhA diyA jAya, to prAthamika zrotA nayAtmaka kathana ke rahasya ko saralatA se grahaNa karane meM samartha hoMge aura ekAntavAda kI vyAdhi se baca jaayeNge|

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sandarbhagrantha-sUcI 1. anagAradharmAmRta : paM0 AzAdhara, bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| 2. amitagatizrAvakAcAra : AcArya amitagati, digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vi0 saM0 2015 / 3. aSTazatI ( AptamImAMsAbhASya ) : bhaTTa aklngkdev| 4. aSTasahasrI : vidyAnanda svAmI, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, san 1915 / 5. aSTapAhuDa : AcArya kundakunda, zAntivIra nagara, mahAvIra jI ( rAjasthAna ) / cArittapAhuDa bhAvapAhuDa mokkhapAhuDa suttapAhuDa saMskRtaTIkA : zrutasAgara sUri hindI TIkA : paM0 jayacanda, mANikacandra granthamAlA, bmbii| 6. aSTAdhyAyI : maharSi pANini, gurukula vizvavidyAlaya, vRndAvana ( mathurA ), vi0 saM0 1996 / 7. AptamImAMsA : AcArya samantabhadra, gaNeza varNI di0 jaina saMsthAna, nariyA, vaaraannsii| 8. AptaparIkSA : vidyAnanda svAmI, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvtprissd| 9. AlApapaddhati : devasenAcArya, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvtprissd| 10. upAdAna-nimitta kI ciTThI : paM0 banArasIdAsa, mokSamArgaprakAzaka-pariziSTa 4, ToDaramala granthamAlA, jypur| 11. karmaprakRti : abhayacandra siddhAntacakravartI, bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| 12. karmasiddhAnta : jinendra varNI, prakAzaka - motIcandra kezarIcandra, vaaraannsii| 13. kasAyapAhuDasutta : anuvAdaka paM0 hIrAlAla jaina siddhAntazAstrI, vIrazAsana saMgha, klkttaa| jayadhavalATIkA : vIrasenasvAmI, AcArya jinasena, digambara jaina saMgha, mthuraa| 14. kArtikeyAnuprekSA : svAmikumAra, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agaas| saMskRtaTIkA : bhaTTAraka zubhacandra

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sandarbhagrantha-sUcI / 257 15. kAvyaprakAza : mmmttaacaary| 16. gommaTasAra - jIvakANDa evaM karmakANDa : nemicandra siddhaantckrvrtii| saMskRtaTIkA - jIvatattvapradIpikA : kezava varNI 17. cAritrasAra : cAmuNDarAya, zAntivIra nagara, mahAvIra jI ( rAjasthAna ) / 18. chahaDhAlA : paM0 daultraam| 19. jayapura ( khAniyA ) tattvacarcA/bhAga 1-2, ToDaramala granthamAlA, jypur| 20. jainatattvamImAMsA : paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, azoka prakAzana mandira, vArANasI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2486 / 21. jainatattvamImAMsA kI mImAMsA : paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya, biinaa| 22. jainadarzana meM kAryakAraNabhAva aura kArakavyavasthA : paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNA cArya, biinaa| 23. jainazAsana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : paM0 vaMzIdhara vyaakrnnaacaary| 24. jainadarzana : DaoN0 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, san 1966 / / 25. jainendra siddhAntakoza, bhAga 1-4 : jinendravarNI, bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| 26. jJAnArNava : zubhacandrAcArya, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agaas| 27. tattvArthavArtika ( rAjavArtika ), bhAga 1-2 : bhaTTa akalaGkadeva, bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| 28. tattvArthavRtti : zrutasAgara sUri, bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| 29. tatvArthasAra : AcArya amRtacandra, gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA, vaaraannsii| 30. tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAmI, paM0 mohanalAla zAstrI, jblpur| 31. tattvArthazlokavArtika ( zlokavArtika ) : vidyAnanda svaamii| 32. tarkabhASA : kezava mizra, sAhitya bhaMDAra, mertth| 33. devAgamavRtti : AcArya vsunndii| 34. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra : mAilla dhavala, bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| 35. nayadarpaNa : jinendra varNI, premakumArI smAraka granthamAlA, indaura, 1965 / 36. nayavivaraNa ( tattvArthazlokavArtikAntargata ) : vidyAnanda svAmI, dravyasvabhAva prakAzaka nayacakra ke antrgt| 37. nijAmRtapAna : AcArya vidyaasaagr|

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258 / jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana 38. niyamasAra : AcArya kundakunda | tAtparyavRtti : padmaprabhamaladhArideva 39. nyAyadIpikA : abhinavadharmabhUSaNa yati / 40. paJcAstikAya : AcArya kundakunda, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa / tattvadIpikA : AcArya amRtacandra tAtparyavRtti : AcArya jayasena 41. paJcAdhyAyI : paM0 rAjamalla, mahAvIra Azrama, kAraMjA, 1978 / 42. paramAtmaprakAza : yogIndudeva, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agaas| saMskRta TIkA : brahmadeva 43. puruSArthasiddhyupAya : AcArya amRtacandra, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agaas| 44. pravacanasAra : AcArya kundakunda, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa / tattvadIpikA : AcArya amRtacandra tAtparyavRtti : AcArya jayasena 45. prAkRta paJcasaGgraha : lekhaka ajJAta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1960 / 46. paM0 ratanacandra jaina mukhtAra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva, bhAga 1 - 2 / 47. bRhadravyasaGgraha nemicandra siddhAntideva, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa / saMskRtaTIkA : brahmadeva 48. bhagavatI ArAdhanA : zivArya, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1978 / vijayodayA TIkA : aparAjita sUri 49. bhAvasaGgraha ( prAkRta ) : devasena sUri / 50. mokSamArgaprakAzaka : paM0 ToDaramala, ToDaramala granthamAlA, jayapura / 51. mokSamArga prakaTa karane kA upAya tattvanirNaya : nemIcanda pATanI, paM0 ToDaramala granthamAlA, jayapura | 52. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra : AcArya samantabhadra, munisaMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, sAgara / 53. zrImadbhagavadgItA, gItA presa, gorakhapura / 54. zrutabhavanadIpakanayacakra : bhaTTAraka devsen| 55. SaTkhaNDAgama : puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali / dhavalA TIkA : vIrasenAcArya, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI 56. samayasAra : AcArya kundakunda, ahiMsA mandira prakAzana, dillii|

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sandarbhagrantha-sUcI / 259 AtmakhyAti : AcArya amRtacandra samayasArakalaza : AcArya amRtacandra tAtparyavRtti : AcArya jayasena hindI TIkA : paM0 jayacandra 57. samAdhitantra : pUjyapAda svAmI, vIrasevA mandira, sarasAvA, shaarnpur| 58. sarvArthasiddhi : pUjyapAdasvAmI, bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| 59. 'sAgara meM vidyAsAgara' smArikA : gaNeza di0 jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara, ma0 pra0 60. sAgAradharmAmRta : paM0 AzAdhara, bhAratavarSIya di0 jaina granthamAlA, mumbaI, 1972 / 61. syAdvAdamaJjarI : malliSeNa sUri, rAjacandra Azrama, agaas| 62. svayambhUstotra : AcArya samantabhadra, gaNeza varNI di0 jaina saMsthAna, nariyA, vaaraannsii|

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DaoN0 ratanacandra jaina janma 2 julAI 1935 ko, madhyapradeza ke luhArI ( sAgara ) nAmaka grAma meM / prArambhika zikSA ghara para hI / pazcAt zrI gaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara meM saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI, a~grejI tathA dharmagranthoM kA adhyayana / anantara svAdhyAya ke dvArA maiTrika se lekara ema0 e0 (saMskRta) taka kI parIkSAe~ uttiirnn| prAvINyasUcI meM bI0e0 meM dasavA~ sthAna aura ema0e0 meM prathama / adhyApanakArya karate hue vidyAlaya se vizvavidyAlaya taka kI yAtrA / adhyayana, adhyApana aura lekhana meM ruci / aneka zodha Alekha sammelanoM aura saMgoSThiyoM meM paThita evaM patrikAoM meM prakAzita / samprati bhopAla meM sthAyI nivAsa, adhyayana aura lekhana meM nirata / Personal Use Only 101

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hamAre mahattvapUrNa prakAzana 1. Studies in Jaina Philosophy -- Dr. Nathamal Tatia 100.00 2. Jaina Temples of Western India - Dr. Harihar Singh 200.00 3. Jaina Epistemology -I.C. Shastri 150.00 4. Concept of Panchashila in Indian Thought - Dr. Kamala Jain 50.00 5. Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy -Dr.J.C. Sikdar 150.00 6. Jaina Theory of Reality -Dr.J.C. Sikdar 150.00 7. Jaina Perspective In Philosophy & Religion --- Dr. Ramji Singh 100.00 8. Aspects of Jainology (Complete Set : Volume 1 to 5) 1100.00 9. An Introduction to Jaina Sadhana -- Dr. Sagarmal Jain 40.00 10. Pearls of Jaina Wisdom - Dulichand Jain 120.00 II. Scientific Contents in Prakrit Canons - N. L. Jain (H. B.) 300.00 12. The Heritage of the LastArhat : Mahavira -C.Krause 20.00 13. The Path of Arhat -T.U.Mehta 100.00 13. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ( sampUrNa seTa : sAta khaNDa ) 560.00 14. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( sampUrNa seTa : tIna khaNDa ) 540.00 15. jaina pratimA vijJAna - DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI 120.00 16. jaina mahApurANa - DaoN. kumuda giri 150.00 17. vajjAlagga (hindI anuvAda sahita)-paM. vizvanAtha pAThaka 120.00 18. prAkRta hindI koza - sampAdaka DaoN. ke. Ara. candra 120.00 19. syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI naya - DaoN. bhikhArIrAma yAdava 70.00 20. gAthA saptazatI ( hindI anuvAda sahita )- paM. vizvanAtha pAThaka 60.00 21. sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI ( tIna khaNDa )- pro. sAgaramala jaina 300.00 22. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa - pro. sAgaramala jaina 60.00 23. bhAratIya jIvana mUlya - DaoN. surendra varmA / 75.00 24. nalavilAsanATakam - sampAdaka DaoN. surezacandra pANDeya 60.00 25. anekAntavAda aura pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAda - DaoN. rAjendra kumAra siMha 50.00 26. nirbhayabhImavyAyoga ( hindI anuvAda sahita ) - anu. DaoN. dhIrendra mizra 20.00 27. paJcAzaka-prakaraNam ( hindI anuvAda sahita )- anu. DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA 250.00 28. jaina nItizAstra : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana - DaoN. pratibhA jaina 80.00 29. jaina dharma kI pramukha sAdhviyoM evaM mahilAe~ - DaoN. hIrAbAI boradiyA 50.00 30. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma - DaoN. ( zrImatI ) rAjeza jaina 160.00 31. jaina karma-siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa- DaoN. ravIndranAtha mizra 100.00 32. mahAvIra nirvApAbhUmi pAvA : eka vimarza - bhagavatIprasAda khetAna 60.00 33. mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. phUlacandra jaina 80.00 34. jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana - DaoN. zivaprasAda 100.00 35. bauddha pramANa mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA - DaoN. dharmacandra jaina 200.00 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5 ,