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Elaboration-Fratyaneek-An adversary or maligner or defier or one who goes against the established norms is called pratyaneek.
Guru-pratyaneek-Generally speaking there are three categories of guru-Acharya, Upadhyaya and Sthavir. The head of the order and 4 teacher of the authentic meaning is acharya, teacher of the right text is 4
upadhyaya and a senior and accomplished ascetic is sthavir. An adversary is one who finds faults with them, causes harm to them, insults them, ignores them and goes against them.
Gati-pratyaneek-Those who behave contradictory to the norms of 41 the genus they are born in, including the human genus, are called Gatipratyaneek. Ihalok-pratyaneek-he who indulges in abnormal sensual behaviour out of ignorance during the present human birth. Paralok. pratyaneek-he who exclusively indulges in sensual pleasures avoiding any efforts to improve his next birth. Ubhayalok-pratyaneek-he who indulges in despicable acts and spoils this and the next life instead of trying to improve both.
Samuha-pratyaneek-In context of the ascetic organization three 4 groups have been mentioned here-Kula, Gana and Sangh. Lineage of a 45
single acharya is called Kula. A friendly group of three Kulas is called 15 Gana. An apex body of many Ganas having ascetics endowed with virtues of right knowledge-faith-conduct is called Sangh. Those who go against these three are called Kula-pratyaneek, Gana-pratyaneek, and Sangh-pratyaneek respectively.
Anukampya-pratyaneek-There are three kinds of ascetics who inspire compassion-Tapasvi (austerity observing ascetic), Glana (ailing ascetic) and Shaiksha (newly initiated ascetic). Those who do not offer them food and other services and misbehave with them are called adversaries to the three.
Shrut-pratyaneek-To defy, refute and slander scriptures is to be shrut-pratyaneek. As there are three divisions of scriptures there are three kinds of adversaries-Sutra-pratyaneek (defier of the text), Arth
pratyaneek (defier of the meaning) and Tadubhaya-pratyaneek (defier 41 of both).
Bhaava-pratyaneek-To act against spiritual purification (defined as 4 states of destruction of karmas) is to be Bhaava-pratyaneek. As it is
attained through three means-knowledge, perception/faith and conduct 4 there are three pratyaneeks-Jnana-pratyaneek (maligner of knowledge),
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marit F (3)
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Bhagavati Sutra (3)
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