Hindi Jain Sahitya Parishilan Part 01

Author(s): Nemichandra Shastri
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010038/1

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jJAnapITha-kokodaya-anyamAkA-hindI vanyathA si hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana [bhAga 1] zrI nemicandra zAstravi 024183 Jain BHARATIYABINA PMTH 1544 bhAratIya jJAna pITha kA zI svapassa

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jJAnapITha-lokodaya-granthamAlA-sampAdaka aura niyAmaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina, ema0 e0 prakAzaka ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya mantrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha durgAkuNDa roDa, banArasa prathama saMskaraNa 1956 I0 mUlya DhAI rupaye mudraka omaprakAza kapUra jJAnamaNDala yantrAlaya kabIracaurA, banArasa, 4807-12

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do zabda jaina sAhitya vizAla hai| isa sAhityakA vipula mAga apabhraza aura hindI bhASAmeM likhA gayA hai| apabhraMza bhASA hindIkI jananI hai| hindIkA vikAsa aura vistAra apabhraMzase hI huA hai| zailI evaM AkRtigaThanameM hindI apabhraMza bhASAkI RNI hai| hindIme mahAkAvyoM kA praNayana saMskRta sAhityake mahAkAyoMke AdhArapara nahIM huA hai, balki apabhraza bhASAke mahAkAvyoMke AdhArapara huA hai| rAmacaritamAnasa aura padmAvata jaise prasiddha kAvyagranyokI zailI apabhra zakI hai| dezImApAmeM mI jaina kaviyoMne aneka kAvyagranthokA nirmANa kiyA hai| isa bhASAme bhI aneka mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya aura gItikAvya likhe gaye hai| ataH pratyeka niSpakSa jijJAsuke hRdayameM itane vizAla sAhityake jAnanekI icchA barAbara huA karatI hai| sAhityaratnake vidyArthiyoMko adhyApana karAte samaya mujhe aneka AlocanAtmaka proMko dekhanekA avasara milaa| zrI DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA, AcArya zukla, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI jaise prasiddha itihAsakAra aura AlocakoMne jaina sAhityake vivecana ke samaya kevala apabhraza bhASAmeM nibaddha sAhityapara hI vicAra kiyA hai tathA yaha vicAra bhI upalabdha apabhraMza sAhityako dekhate hue aparyAsa hI hai| hindI jaina sAhityake amUlya ratnoMke avalokanakA samaya yA avasara hindIke hamAre mAnya AlocakoMko milA hI nahIM, isake kaI kAraNa haiM- sabase prabaka eka kAraNa to yaha hai ki hindI jaina sAhitya abhI sarvasAdhAraNake lie upalabdha nahIM hai| adhikAza uccakoTike anya abhI bhI aprakAzita hai| jo prakAzita bhI hai, ve bhI samIko upalabdha nahIM tathA unakI chapAI-saphAI Adi bahuta prAcIna evaM nimnastarakI hai, jisase eka suruci sampanna pAThakako aisI pustakeM chUnekA bhI sAhasa nahIM hotaa| ataH adhikAza Alocaka jaina sAhityake sambandhame yahI likhakara chor3a dete haiM ki isa sAhityakA bhASAkI dRSTi se mahatva hai, vicArokI dRSTi se nahIM /

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana para vAstavikatA isase bahuta dUra hai; kyoMki jaina sAhityakA bhApAkI dRSTise utanA mahattva nahI, jitanA vicAroMkI dRTise hai| isa sAhityama mAnavatAko anuprANita karanevAlI bhAvanAoMkI pracuratA hai| sasArake kisI bhI sAhityake samakSa isa sAhityako tulanAke lie prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| navarasamayI hRdayako Andolita karanevAlI picchila rasadhArA isa sAhityameM vidyamAna hai| zabda aura arthakI navInatA, zabdoM ke sundara vinyAsa, mAvoMkA samucita nirvAha, kalpanAkI U~cI ur3Ana, mAnavake antaraMga aura bahiragakA sajIva vizlepaNa isa sAhityameM sarvatra milegaa| ataH hRdayameM eka bhAvanA utpanna huI ki katipaya hindI jaina anyoMkA adhyayana kara eka anuzIlana prastuta kiyA jAya / yadyapi hindI bhASAma nivaddha jaina sAhitya vizAla hai, usakA sAgopAga anuzIlana prastuta karanA, tanika kaThina hai, to bhI isa prayAsame labdhapratiSTha kaviyoM evaM lekhakoMkI pramukha racanAoMkA parizIlana upasthita karanekA AyAsa kiyA gayA hai| apabhraMza bhApAkA sAhitya itanA vizAla hai ki isa sAhityapara eka vRhatkAya anuzIlanAtmaka grantha likhanA Avazyaka hai, ataeva prastuta parizIlanameM isa bhApAkI do-eka racanAe~ hI lI gaI haiN| maiMne apanI rucike anusAra mahAkavi svayambhUdeva, puSpadanta, banArasIdAsa, maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa, dhAnatarAya, daulatarAma, vRndAvana prabhRti prAcIna hindI jaina kaviyoM eva anUpazarmA, dhanyakumAra sudheza, bAlacandra ema. e. Adi navIna kaviyoMkI unhIM racanAokA parizIlana prastuta kiyA hai, jo mujhe rucikara huI hai| yaha parizIlana do bhAgomeM prakAzita ho rahA hai| prathama bhAgame prAcIna kaviyoMkI kAvya racanAokA parizIlana hai tathA isa parizIlana meM bhI sabhI prAcIna kaviyoMkI racanAe~ nahIM bhI A sakI hai| racanAoM kA nirvAcana maine kimI kramase nahIM kiyA hai aura na racanAoMke mAnadaNDako hI pradhAnatA dI hai| jo grantha mere adhyayanakA viSaya rahA hai tathA kisI bhI kAraNase jo mujhe priya hai, usIkA parizIlana upasthita kiyA

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do zabda gayA hai| ata: bahuta saMbhava hai ki zreSTha racanAe~ chUTa bhI gayI ho aura nimna koTikI racanAoMko sthAna mila gayA ho| merI icchA isa parizIlanameM kavi aura unakI racanAoM ke sambandhameM aitihAsika vivecana prastuta karane kI thI, kintu jina dinoM isa parizIlanako taiyAra kara rahA thA, una dino zrI bAbU kAmatAprasAdajIkA 'hindI jaina sAhityakA sakSita itihAsa prakAzita huA thaa| isa pustakakI aitihAsika bhUlopara jaina AlocakoMkI roSa-cinagAriyA~ udbuddha ho rahI thIM, ataeva aitihAsika kSetrame kadama bar3hAnekA sAhasa nahIM humA / bhUla honA svAbhAvika bAta hai, maitaH pratyeka manuSya apUrNa hai| AlocakoM kA kartavya hai ki sahiSNutApUrvaka AlocanA karate hue bhUlokI ora saMketa kreN| una mAlocanAoMko dekhakara mujhe aisA lagA ki katipaya labdhapratiSTha prAcIna lekhaka navIna lekhakoko isa kSetrameM AyA huA dekhakara asahiSNu ho uThate haiM aura sahAnubhUti eva sahRdayatApUrvaka AlocanA na kara tIvra roSa aura kSoma dikhalAte haiM / isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki Aja jaina sAhityapara AlocanA-pratyAlocanAtmaka anyoMkA prAyaH abhAva hai| navIna lekhakoko kahIMse bhI protsAhana nahIM milatA, balki nirAzA hI milatI hai| katipaya granthamAlAoMse unhIM vidvAnoMke anya prakAzita hote hai, jo unase sambaddha haiM yA una sambaddha vidvAnoke mitra hai| kahane ke lie samAoMmeM hamAre mAnya AcArya bahuta kucha kaha jAte haiM, para ve apane hRdayako TaToleM ki satya kyA hai ? yadi khyAtanAmA vidvAn protsAhana de aura navIna lekhakoM kA mArga pradarzana kare to jaina sAhityapara vejor3a kRtiyoM zIghra hI prakAzame A sakatI haiN| astu, parizIlana zabda pari upasarga pUrvaka zIla dhAtuse bhAva arthame lyuT pratyaya karanepara banatA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai sabhI dRSTiyose AloDanaviloDana kara adhyayana prastuta krnaa| uparyukta arthakI dRSTise to isa kRtikA nAma sArthaka nahIM hai, yataH samasta dRSTikoNoMse racanAoMkA zIlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai, para isa zabdakA vyAvahArika aura pracalita artha yaha bhI liyA jAtA hai ki zAstrIya dRSTise racanAokA vizleSaNa karanA / merI dRSTi pradhAnataH yaha rahI hai ki parizIlita racanAoMkA kathAnaka bhI avazya diyA jAya / kyoki jaina sAhityakI adhikAza kathAe~ isa prakArakI haiM, jinakA AdhAra lekara zreSThatama navIna kAvya likhe jA sakate hai| ataeva AlocanAke sAtha kathAvastu denekI ceSTA kI gayI hai|

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana isa parizIlanake taiyAra karanemeM vayovRddha evaM jJAnavRddha zrI 50 nAthUrAmanI premIse mujhe paryApta sahayoga milA hai| Apane ekavAra ise AdyopAnta dekhA tathA apane bahumUlya sujhAva upasthita kiye, isake lie maiM ApakA atyanta AbhArI huuN| nIMvakI iMTakI taraha samasta bhAra vahana karanevAle zrI paM0 ayodhyAprasAdajI goyalIyakA AbhAra prakaTa karaneke lie mere pAsa zabda nhiiN| Apa ekavAra ArA padhAre the, maine usa mamaya isa kRtike kucha aMza par3hakara Apako sunAye | Apane merI pITha TokI, phalataH Apake dvArA prApta utsAhase yaha racanA kucha hI samayameM taiyAra ho gyii| isa kRtiko pariSkRta rUpa denekA zreya lokodaya anyamAlAke suyogya sampAdaka zrI vAvU lakSmIcandrajI jaina ema0e0 ko hai, Apane ise saMkSipta rUpa dekara eka kudyala mAlIkA kArya kiyA hai| anyathA isa kRtike paoNca-paoNca sau pRSThake do mAga hote / presa kApI taiyAra karane meM zrIjaina vAlAvizrAma ArAkI sAhitya vibhAgakI chAtrAoM, vahA~ka zikSaka zrI paM0 mAdhavarAma zAstrI aura apane bhatIje AyupmAn zrIrAma tivArIse bhI paryApta sahayoga milA hai / parAmarza prApta karanema pUjya bhAI pro0 khuzAlacandrajI gorAvAlA ema0 e0, sAhityAcArya, mitravara banArasIprasAda bhojapurI', pro. rAmezvaranAtha tivArIse bhI samaya-samayapara sahayoga prApta hotA rahA hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzIke adhikArI evaM prUphasaMzodhanameM sahAyaka zrI caturvedInIkA bhI hRdayase AbhArI huuN| samasta anyoMkI prApti jainasiddhAntamavana ArAke granthAgArase hue, ataH usa pAvana-sasthAke prati apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karanA maiM apanA parama kartavya samajhatA hU~ / antama samasta sahAyaka mahAnubhAvoMke prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatA hai| jainasiddhAnta bhavana, ArA 2pharavarI 56 -nemicandra zAstrI

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viSaya-sUcI prathamAdhyAya pArzvapurANa hindI jaina sAhityakA prAdurbhAva 19 | hindI jaina khaNDakAvya dArzanika AdhAra nAgakumAra carita 22 27 hindI jaina pravandha-kAvya 28 Cat bhApAke jaina prabandha purAtanakAvya sAhitya kAvya dezI bhASA ke prabandha-kAvyoMkA jAyasI, tulasI tathA hindI ke anya kaviyopara prabhAva apabhraMzake bAdakI purAnI hindIke jaina prabandha 29 rAmAyaNa tisahimahApurisa guNAlakAru sudarzana-carita 31 kAvya hindI jaina sAhitya ke para cata prabandha-kAvya hindI jaina mahAkAvya paumacariu - padmacaritra [jaina 39 41 42 42 48 49 zodha-carita jambUsvAmIrAsA anya rAsA grantha nemicandrikA caritra aura kathAkAvya gajasiMha guNamAla-carita zrIpAla - carita candraprabha carita dvitIyAdhyAya hindI - jaina- gItikAvya aura 50 53 54 54 55 55 59 62 64 66 67 usakI itara gItikAvyase tulanA 73 jaina padome saMgItAtmakatA 74 jaina pada meM AtmaniSThA aura vaiyaktikatA 77 79 samanvita abhivyakti kavi banArasIdAsa ke pada 80 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsake paTaH paricaya aura samIkSA 82

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178 samIkSA 87 182 913 181 190 hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana Anandaghanake paTa : paricaya cetana kama-caritra aura samIkSA 84 zata-aSTottarI 15 yazovijayake pada : paricaya madhuvinduka caupAI 173 aura samIkSA 86 paJcamAdhyAya bhUdharadAsake paDha : paricaya prakIrNaka kAvya aura samIkSA saktimuktAvanI dhAnatarAyake paTa : paricaya jJAnavAvanI aura samIkSA anityapaJcIsikA daulatarAyake pada : paricaya upadeza-zataka aura samIkSA 11 dAnavAvanI kavi mAgacandake pada : vyauhArapaJcIsI paricaya aura samIkSA 98 pUraNapaMcAsikA kavi budhananake paTa : pari bhUdhara-zataka caya aura samIkSA 100 budhanana satasaI kavi vRndAvanake paTa: neminyAha paricaya aura samIkSA 102 bArahamAsA nemirAjula 202 padAkA tulanAtmaka vivecana 103 uhavAlA 205 tRtIyAdhyAya chaThavA~ adhyAya 'aitihAsika gItikAvya 128 | AtmakathA kAnya caturthAdhyAya sAtavA~ adhyAya AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya 138 rIti-sAhitya nATaka samayasAra 140 rasasiddhAnta teraha kAThiyA 147 alaMkAra bhavasindhucanurdazI chandazAstra acyAtma hiMDolanA kopa 101 194 201 0 24 234 238

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana

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prathamAdhyAya hindI-jaina-sAhityakA prAdurbhAva prAcIna paramparAme sAhityako sanAtana satyakI upalabdhikA sAdhana mAnA hai| isIlie kaviSaya manISiyoMne "Atma tathA anAtma bhAvanAmokI bhanya abhivyaktiko sAhitya kahA hai| yaha sAhitya kisI deza, samAja yA vyaktikA sAmayika samarthaka nahIM, balki sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika niyamose prabhAvita hotA hai| mAnavamAtrakI icchAe~, vicAradhArAe~ aura kAmanAe~ sAhityakI sthAyI sampatti haiN| isame hamAre vaiyaktika hRdayakI maoNti sukha-duHkha, AzA-nirAzA, bhaya-nirbhayatA eva hAsya-rodanakA spaSTa sandana rahatA hai" Antarika rUpase vizva ke samasta sAhityome bhAvo, vicAro aura AdIkA sanAtana sAmya-sA hai| kyoMki Antarika bhAvadhArA aura jIvana-maraNakI samasyA eka hai| prAkRtika rahasyoMse cakita honA tathA prAkRtika saundaryako dekhakara pulakita honA mAnavamAtrake lie samAna hai| ataeva sAhityame sAdhanA aura anubhUtike samanvayase samAja aura sasArase Upara satya aura saundaryakA cirantana rUpa pAyA jAtA hai| isIkAraNa sAhityakAra cAhe vaha kisI bhI jAti, samAja, deza aura dharmakA ho anubhUtikA bhANDAra samAna rUpase hI arjita karatA hai| vaha satya aura saundaryakI tahameM praviSTa ho apane mAnasase bhagavarAzirUpI muktAoko cuna-cunakara zabdAvalIkI lar3Ime zivakI sAdhanA karatA hai| saundarya-pipAsA mAnavakI cirantana pravRtti hai| jIvanakI nazvaratA aura apUrNatAkI anubhUti sabhI karate hai, sabhI isakA marma jAnaneke lie utsuka rahate haiM, isI kAraNa sAhitya anubhUtikI prAcIpara udaya letA hai| mAnavake bhItara cetanAkA eka gUr3ha aura prabala Avega hai, anubhUti isI AvegakI, saccI, sajIva aura sAkAra lahara hai| isa anubhUtike lie

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20 hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana vyakti, dharma, jAti, samAja aura dezakA tanika bhI bandhana apekSita nahI / isI kAraNa manIpiyone Atma-darzanako hI sAhityakA darzana mAnA hai, apanemeM jo Abhyantarika satya hai, use dekhanA aura dikhalAnA sAhityakArakI carama sAdhanA hai / jaina - sAhitya sraSTAone akhaNDa caitanya AnandarUpa AtmAkA hI apane antasmeM sAkSAtkAra kiyA aura sAhityame usIkI anubhUtiko mUrta rUpa pradAna kara saundaryake zAzvata prakAzakI rekhAo dvArA vANIkA citra akita kiyA / inhone apanI anubhUtiko Atma-sAdhanAkA viSaya banAkara cirantana maMgala- prabhAtakA darzana kiyA / inhoMne Abhyantarika dharAtalame aMkurita azAnti evaM asantoSakA upacAra UparI satahapara lage doSoMke parimArjanase na kara prasphuTita anubhUtike jharaneme majjana kara, kiyA / jaina sAhityakArone adhUrI aura apUrNa mAnavatAke madhyame usa sakrAnti evaM uthala-puthala ke yugameM, jaba ki bhAratakI rAjanItika, sAskRtika, sAmAjika aura Arthika paristhitiyoM prabala vegake paramparA sAtha parivartita hotI jA rahI thIM, khaDe hokara pUrNa mAnavakA Adarza prastuta kiyaa| jainAcArya Arambhase hI loka bhASAme mAnavatAkA pATha paDhAte A rahe hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrakA upadeza bhI usa kAlakI sArvajanIna ardhamAgadhI bhASAmeM huA thA / ataH sAtavI-AThavIM zatI meM jaina-lekhakone prAkRta aura saMskRtakA pallA choDa pratAr3ita aura bikharI huI mAnavatAko tatkAlIna loka- pracalita apabhraMza bhASAme surakSita rakhanekA prayAsa kiyA / navIM zatImeM jana-sAdhAraNakI bhASA bana jAneke kAraNa apabhrazakA pracAra himAlayakI tarAIse godAvarI aura sindhase brahmaputra taka thA / yaha jIvaTa aura bhAva-pravaNa meM sakSama bhASA thI, ataH jainAcAyoMne mAnavake AdarzoMke pracArake lie tathA mUrchita mAnavatAko sacetana banAneke lie isa bhASA meM prabhUta sAhitya racA / stotra-kAvya, kathA- kAvya, mahAkAvya

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hindI-jaina-sAhityakA prAdurbhAva aura khaNDakAvya jaina-lekhako dvArA viracita isa bhASAme pAye jAte hai| zRgAra, vIra aura nItikI sphuTa racanAe~ bhI isa bhASAme bar3I mArmika aura gambhIra milatI haiM / svayambhU kavine (8-10vI zatI) harivaMzapurANa' aura 'paumacarita' kI racanA kI, pazcAt inake putra tribhuvanane pitAke adhUre kAryako pUrA kiyaa| isI zatAbdIme dhanapAlne 'bhavisayattakahA' aura mahAkavi dhavalne 'harivaMzapurANa' kI racanA kii| gyArahavIM zatImeM puSpadanta kavine 'mahApurANa', zrIcanda munine 'kathAkoSa', sAgaradattane 'nambUsvAmIcarita' aura 'ArAdhanAkathAkoSa' kI racanA kii| abhayadeva sUskiA 'jayatibhuvana gAthAstotra', devacandrakA 'sulasAkhyAna' aura 'zAntinAthacarita', vardhamAna sUrikA 'varddhamAnacarita', abdula rahamAnakA 'sandeza rAsaka' aura pAhir3a kavikA 'padminI carita' bArahavI zatIkI pramukha apabhraza racanAe~ haiM | hemacandrakai pazcAt terahavI zatIme yogacandrane 'yogasAra' aura 'paramAtmaprakAza' tathA mAillaghavalane 'nayacakra likhaa| apana zakI ye racanAe~ purAnI hindIke bahuta nikaTa hai| ___ apabhraza aura purAnI hindIke jaina-kaviyoMne loka pracalita kahAniyoMko lekara uname svecchAnusAra parivartana karake sundara kAvya likhe| madhyakAlake Arambhame samAja aura dharma saMkIrNa ho rahe the, ataH jaina-lekhakone apane purAtana kathAnakoM aura lokapriya paricita kathAnakome jainadharmakA puTa dekara apane siddhAntoke anukUla upasthita kiyA tathA paJcanamaskAra phala yA kisI vratase sambaddha dRSTAnta prastuta kara janatAke hRdaya-paTalapara mAnavocita guNa akita kiye| bAharI veza-bhUSA, pAkhaNDa AdikA-jinase samAja vikRta hotA jA rahA thA bar3I hI ojasvI vANIme jaina sAhityakArone nirAkaraNa kiyaa| muni rAmasiMhane bheSakI vyarthatA dikhalAneke lie use saoNpakI keculIkI upamA dI hai| UparI. AvaraNako choDa denepara saoNpa navIna AvaraNa dhAraNa karatA hai, para viSa usakA jyo kAlo banA rahatA hai|

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana isI taraha veza badala sAdhu ho jAnese manuSya zuddha nahI ho sakatA, isake lie bhoga-pravRttikA tyAga karanA parama Avazyaka hai| caudahavI aura pandrahavI zatAbdIme jaina-kaviyone baja aura rAjasthAnI bhASAme rAsA granthokI racanA kI / gautama rAsA, saptakSetrarAsA evaM saMdhapati samarA rAsA Adime ahiMsAtattvake kathAnako-bArA sundara abhivyaJjanA kI gayI hai / solahavI zatAbdIme brahma jinadAsa kavi hue, jinhoMne mAnavatAkI pratiSThA karanevAlI 'AdinAthapurANa' 'zreNikacarita' Adi kaI racanAe~ likhI / vAstavame inase hI prAdezika bhASAme kAvya-racanAkA Aramma hotA hai / satrahavI zatAbdImeM mahAkavi banArasIdAsa, rUpacanda aura hemavijaya Adi aneka kavi hue, jinhone rAjasthAnI aura braja-bhASAma gadya-padyAtmaka racanAe~ likhiiN| isa prakAra sAtavI zatIse Ajataka jaina-hindI-sAhityakI dhArA mAnava jIvanakI vibhinna samasyAokA samAdhAna karatI huI apanI sarasatA aura saralatAke kAraNa gRhastha jIvanake ati nikaTa aayii| isa dhArAkA santa kaviyopara gaharA prabhAva par3A; jisa prakAra jaina-kaviyone gharelU jIvanake dRzya lekara apane upadeza aura siddhAntokA jana-sAdhAraNameM pracAra kiyA, usI prakAra santa-kaviyone bhii| ahiMsA siddhAntakI abhivyakti karanevAle loka-jIvanake svAbhAvika citra jaina sAhityameM upalabdha haiM; isa sAhityame sundara, AtmapIyUSa rasa chala-chalAtA hai| dharmavizeSakA sAhitya hote hue bhI udAratAkI kabhI nahIM hai| AtmasvAtantrya pratyeka vyaktike lie abhISTa hai / pratyeka mAnava svAvalambI bananA cAhatA hai aura cAhatA hai udghATita karanA AtmAnubhUti-dvArA apane bhItarake tirohita devaashko| dArzanika AdhAra hindI jaina sAhityakI mitti jaina-darzanapara Azrita hai| isI kAraNa jaina-sAhityakAroMne vilAsa aura zRGgArase dUra haTakara AtmasamarpaNa aura utsargakI bhAvanAkA aMkana kiyA hai| ataeva zRgAra-rasakA

Page #17
dArzanika AdhAra varNana alpa parimAName huA hai| nAyikAke yauvana, rUpa, guNa, gIla, prema, kula, vaibhava aura AbhUSaNokA nirUpaNa nyUnatama - mAtrAme upalabdha hai| yaha bAta nahIM ki hindI-jainapRSThabhUmi sAhityame ajJAtayauvanAkA bholApana, zAtayauvanAkA mAnasika vizleSaNa, navoDhAkI labAkI lalAI, prauDhAkA Ananda-saMmohana, vidagdhAkA cAturya, muditAkI umaga, proSitapatikAkI milanotkaNThA, pravatsyatyatikAkI becainI, AgamiNyatsatikAkI adhIratA, khaNDitAkA kopa eva kalahAntaritAkA premAdhikyananya kalahakA citraNa nahIM hai, para pradhAnatayA isame mAnavakI una bhAvanA aura anubhUtiyoko pRSThAdhAra rUpame svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jinapara mAnavatA avalambita hai| hindI jaina-sAhityake mUlAdhArabhUta jaina-darzanake mukhya do bhAga haieka tattvacintanakA aura dUsarA jIvana-zodhanakA / 'jagat , jIva aura Izvarake svarUpa-cintanase hI tattvajJAnakI pUrNatA nahIM hotI hai, kintu isameM jIvana-zodhanakI mImAsAkA bhI antarbhAva karanA paDatA hai / jaina-mAnyatAma jIva, ajIca, Akhava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura moma ye sAta tattva mAne gaye haiN| inake svarUpakA manana, cintanakara AtmakalyANakArI tattvomeM pravRtti karanA jaina-tattvajJAnakA eka pahalU hai| ukta sAto tattvAmeM jIva aura ajIva ye do mukhya tattva haiN| saccidAnanda maya AtmA yA nIva jAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya Adi guNoMkA akSaya bhANDAra hai| yaha akhaNDa, amUrtika padArtha hai, jo na zarIrase bAhara vyAsa hai aura na zarIrake kisI vizeSa bhAgameM kendrita hai, kintu manuSyake samagra zarIrame vyAsa hai| __AtmAe~ aneka hai, sabakA svatantra astitva hai| karma-anIva (pudgala) ke sambandhake kAraNa sasArI AtmAe~ azuddha hai, rAga-dveSase vikRta haiN| jaba karma bandhana haTa jAtA hai, taba koI bhI AtmA zuddha ho jAtI hai| vaha zuddha AtmA hI Izvara yA mukta kahalAtI hai| pratyeka AtmAme Izvara bananekI

Page #18
'24 hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana yogyatA vidyamAna hai; apane purupArthakI hInAdhikatA ke kAraNa AtmAe~ bhikhArI yA bhagavAn bananekI ora agrasara hotI hai / AtmAkI zuddhike lie rAga-dvepako haTAnA Avazyaka haiM tathA rAgadvepako haTAneke lie dRr3hatara prayatna karanA hI puruSArtha hai / yaha purupArtha pravRtti aura nivRtti mArgoM dvArA sampanna kiyA jAtA hai / pravRtti-mArga karmabandhakA kAraNa hai aura nivRtti-mArga abandhakA / yadi pravRtti-mArgako ghUma-ghumAvadAra golaghara mAnA jAya, jisame kucha samaya ke pazcAt gamana 'sthAna para idhara-udhara daur3a lagAneke anantara punaH A jAnA paDatA hai, to nivRtti-mArgako pakkI sIdhI kakarIlI sImeMTakI saDaka kahA jA sakatA hai, jisameM gantavya sthAnapara pahu~canA sunizcita hai, para gamana karanA kaSTasAdhya hai| jaina darzana nivRtti-pradhAna hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritrarUpa ratnatraya hI nivRtti-mArga hai / jIvAdi sAtoM tattvokI saccI zraddhA karanA samyagdarzana, ina tattvoMkA saccA jJAna samyagjJAna aura Atmatattvako prApta karanekA samyak AcaraNa hI samyakcAritra kahalAtA hai| isa mArgapara ArUr3ha honese hI janma* maraNakA duHkha dUra ho niHzreyas grA mokSakI prApti hotI hai / ' jaina-darzanama AtmAkI tIna avasthAe~ mAnI gayI hai-vahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / jaba ajJAna aura mohakI pravalatAkai kAraNa AtmA vAstavika tattvakA vicAra na kara sake tathA kalyANakI dizAmeM 'vilkula na bar3ha sake, bahirAtmA kahI jAtI hai / jaba saccA vizvAsa utpanna ' ho jAtA hai, vivekazaktike jAgRta honese rAga-dvepake saskAra kSINa hone lagate haiM, tava antarAtmA kahI jAtI hai aura Atmika zaktiko AcchAdita 'karanevAle kAraNoMke kSINa ho jAnepara paramAtmA avasthAkA prAdurbhAva hotA * hai| AtmAkI ye tIno avasthAe~ ratnatrayake abhAva, prAdurbhAva aura vikAsake 'kAraNa hotI haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaba taka ratnatrayakI utpatti nahIM hotI, , AtmA apane svarUpako bhUlakara anyathA rUpase pravRtta hotI hai / ratnatrayakA

Page #19
dArzanika mAdhAra 25 prAdurbhAva ho jAnepara AtmA svonmukharUpase pravRtta karatI hai, jisase rAgadveSake saskAra zithila aura kSINa hone lagate hai tathA ratnatrayake paripUrNa honepara AtmA paramAtmA avasthAko prApta ho jAtI hai| ataH Atma godhanameM samyak zraddhA aura samyagjJAnake sAtha sadAcArakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / jaina - sadAcAra ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha rUpa hai / ina pA~co vratome ahiMsAkA vizeSa sthAna hai, avazeSa cAro ahiMsAkai vibhinna spa haiM / kapAya aura pramAda - asAvadhAnIse kisI jIvako kaSTa pahu~cAnA yA prANaghAta karanA hiMsA hai, isa hiMsAko na karanA ahisA hai / mUlataH hisAke do bheda hai-- dravyahisA aura bhAvahisA / kisIko mArane yA satA ke bhAva honA bhAvahiMsA aura kisIko mAranA yA satAnA dravyahisA hai / bhAvoMke kalupita honepara prANaghAtake abhAva meM bhI hiMsA - doSa lagatA hai / ahisA kI sImA gRhastha aura muni - sAdhukI dRSTise bhinna-bhinna hai| gRhasthakI hisA cAra prakArakI hotI hai--saMkalpI, ArambhI, udyogI aura virodhI / vinA aparAdhakai jAna-bUjhakara kisI jIvakA vadha karanA sakalpI hiMsA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma AkramaNAtmaka hisA bhI hai / pratyeka gRhasthako isa hisAkA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| sAvadhAnI rakhate hue bhI bhojana banAne, jala bharane, kUTane-pIsane Adi Arambha-janita kAryoM meM honevAlI hiMsA ArammI; jIvana nirvAhake lie khetI, vyApAra, zilpa Adi kAyAme honevAlI hiMsA udyogI evaM apanI yA parakI rakSAke lie hone'vAlI hiMsA virodhI kahI jAtI hai| ye tInoM prakArakI hiMsAeN rakSaNAtmaka haiM / inakA bhI yathAzakti tyAga karanA sAdhakake lie Avazyaka hai / 'svayaM jiyo aura anyako jIne do' isa siddhAnta vAkyakA sadA pAlna karanA sukha-zAntikA kAraNa hai / rAga, dveSa, ghRNA, moha, IrSyA Adi vikAra hiMsA meM parigaNita hai / jainadharmake pravartakone vicAroko ahisaka banAneke lie syAdvAda - vicAra samanvayakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yaha siddhAta ApasI matabheda athavA pakSapAta

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26 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana pUrNa nItikA unmUlana kara anekanAme ekatA, vicArome udAratA eva sahiSNutA utpanna karatA hai| yaha vicAra aura kathanako saMkucita, haTha eva pakSapAtapUrNa na banAkara udAra, niSpakSa aura vizAla banAtA hai| vastutaH jIvana ahiMsaka tamI bana sakatA hai, jaba AcAra aura vicAra dono ahiMsaka ho jAyeM / pUrNa ahisaka hI rAga-dveSa aura karma-bandhanakA dhvaMsakara mokSa yA nirvANako prApta karatA hai| mAnava-jIvanakA carama lakSya nirvANa yA mokSako prApta karanA hI hai| isa samita dArzanika vivecanakai prakAzameM hindI-jaina-sAhityakI pRSThabhUmikI nimna bhAvanAe~ hai: samyagdarzana janya 1-apaneko svayaM apanA bhAgyavidhAtA samajhakara paroma zaktiIzvarAdi zakti sukha-duHkha denevAlI hai, vizvAsako chor3a puruSArthameM pravRtta honaa| 2-AtmAke astitvakA vizvAsakara mana-vacana-kAyake apane pratyeka kriyA-vyApArako ahiMsaka vnaanaa| 3-apane puruSArthapara vizvAsakara sarvatomukhI vizAla dRSTi prApta krnaa| 4--rAga-dveSAdi saskAra anAtmamAva hai, yaha vizvAsa utpanna krnaa| samyagjJAna janya 1-caiyaktika vikAsake lie hRdayakI vRciyose utpanna anubhUtiyoko vicArake lie buddhi ke samakSa utpanna karanA aura buddhi-dvArA nirNaya ho jAnepara kAryameM pravRtta ho jaanaa| 2-virodhI vicAra sunakara ghabar3AnA nahIM, apane vicAroke samAna anyake vicArokA mI Adara karanA tathA apane vicAropara bhI tIna AlocanAtmaka dRSTi rkhnaa|

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya 27 3-mithyAmimAna chor3akara udAratApUrvaka vicAra sahiSNu bananA tathA apanI bhUlako saharSa svIkAra krnaa| 4-tattvajJAnake cintana-dvArA ahaMbhAvakA idabhAvake sAtha sAmaJjasya prakaTa krnaa| samyakavAritra janya 1.-nirmaya aura nira hokara zAntike sAtha jInA aura dUsaroko jIvita rahane denaa| 2-ahiMsA aura saMyamake samanvaya-dvArA apanI vizAla aura udAradRSTise vizvavandhutvakI bhAvanAko jAgRta krnaa| 3-vAsanA, icchA aura kAmanAopara niyantraNa karanA tathA AtmAsocaname pravRtta honaa| 4-dayA, mamatA, karuNA Adike udghATana dvArA mAnavatAko pratiThita krnaa| 5-mautikavAdakI mRgamarIcikAko adhyAtmavAdakI vAstavikatAdvArA dUra krnaa| / 6-zoSita aura zoSakame samatA lAne ke lie aparigrahavAda aura saMyamako jIvaname utaarnaa| 7-zArIrika aura mAnasika svAsthyake lie zuddha AhAra-vihAra krnaa| purAtana kAvya-sAhitya [8vIM zatIse 19vI zatItaka] apanaza bhASAkI utpatti pA~cavIM zatIme huI thI aura chaThavIM zatIma yaha dezI bhApAkA rUpa grahaNa kara cukI thii| ataH chaThavI zatIse gyArahavI gatItaka isa bhASAme puSkala parimAName sAhityakA sRjana hotA rahA / Age calakara isI mApAne hindI-bhASI prAntomeM hindIkA rUpa aura anya mASA-bhASI prAntome marAThI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAokA rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa|

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28 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana jaina-kalAkArone madhyakAlame isI dezI bhASAkA AdhAra lekara apane Antarika bhAvokI adhika-se-adhika spaSTa, manorajaka aura prabhAvapUrNa Dhagase abhivyakhanA kI / jIvanakA cirantana satya, mAnava kalyANakI preraNA eva saundaryakI anubhUtiko anupama, madhura dezI bhApAme hI prakaTa karanA adhika upAdeya samajhA gayA / ataH prastuta prakaraName dezI bhASA-apabhraza, purAnI hindI, brajabhASA aura rAjasthAnIke kAvya sAhityakI vivecanA kI jaaygii| loka-bhASA honeke kAraNa dezI bhASAme ArambhameM gIta hI race gye| ina gItome jana-sAdhAraNakI bhAvanAe~ abhivyajita huI hai| sarvasAdhAraNake sukha-duHkha, harpa-viSAda aura hAsa-vilAsa inake varNya viSaya the| bhAvanAokI saghanatAkI abhivyaJjanA honeke kAraNa ina gItoke lie chandake bandhanoMkI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| 8-9vI zatIme bhakti, prema, vIratA, karuNA, hAsya AdikI abhivyakti ke lie dohA, caupAI, kaDAvaka, pattA, chappaya, rolA Adi mAtrA-vRttoMkA bhI dezI bhASAme prayoga hone lagA, phalasvarUpa isa bhASAme prabandha kAvyokA AvirbhAva huaa| jaina-hindI-sAhityame prabandha kAvyakI dhArA AThavIM zatIse hI pravAhita huI aura abataka pravAhita ho rahI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki hindI-jaina-kaviyoMne prAcIna kathAoMko lekara hI apane kAvyabhavanakA ..nirmANa kiyA hai| tIrthaMkara, cakravartI aura nArAyaNa Adi mahAn vyaktiyoke sarasa aura hRdayagrAhI jIvakAvya - nAkana-dvArA divya aura cirantana saundaryako prakAzita karanA unhone sarala tathA mAnavatAke kalyANake lie upAdeya smjhaa| hindI-jaina-prabandha-sAhityakI uSAne madhyakAlame janasAdhAraNake sarvAGgINa jIvana-kSitijako Ananda-vibhora banA diyA, jisase jIvanakA konA-konA Alokita ho utthaa| prabandha-kAvyame itivRtta, vastuvyApAravarNana, bhAvavyaJjanA aura savAda ye cAra avayava hote hai | kathAme pUrvAMpara kramabaddhatAkA rahanA to anivArya

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jaina purAtana kAvya-sAhitya 29 hai hI, isake binA koI kAvya prabandha koTime nahI A sakatA hai| dezI mApA aura purAnI hindImeM jaina-prabandha-kAvyoMkI bharamAra hai| brajabhASA aura rAjasthAnI, TUDhArI bhASAmeM bhI katipaya sundara jaina pravandha kAvya haiN| ___apabhraMza bhASAme 'paumacariu-rAmAyaNa, harivaMzacarita-kRSNacarita, riTanemicariu, bhavisyattakahA, tisahimahApurisaguNAlakAra aura hai vairasAmicariu pramukha hai| pravandha kAnyakI saphalatA ___ kathAkI pUrvAparakramavaddhatAke sAtha usake marmasthaloMkI pahicAnapara nirbhara hai| jo kathAkai marmasthalokI prabandha-kAvya - parakha rakhatA hai, use prabandha-kAvyake sRjanameM pUrNa saphalatA prApta hotI hai| dezI bhASAke jaina kaviyoMne kuTumbiyoke vichoha honepara iSTa janokA vilApa, yuddhame yoddhAokI umage, raNayAtrAkA sajIva citraNa, virahake gIta Adi marmasparzI sthalokI parakhase mAnavakI sahRdayatA aura sahAnubhUti baDhAnemeM vejoDa saphalatA prApta kI hai| 'paumacariDa' meM varNita rAvaNakI vIragati ho jAnepara mandodarIke karuNApUrNa vilApako sunakara niThuratA bhI rudana kiye vinA nahI raha sakatI / kavikI anubhUti kitanI gaharAItaka pahuMcI hai, varNaname kitanI sajIvatA hai, yaha nimna udAharaNase spaSTa hai| AehiM sI Ariyahi, aTThAraha hiva juvai sahAsehiM / Nava paNa mAlA DaMbarehi, chAiu vijnu jema caupAsehiM / rovaha laMkApura prmesri| hA rAvaNa ! vihuyaNa jaNa kesari // paDa viNu samara dUru kahA~ vajjai / paDa viNu vAlakIla kahA~ chanai // paDa viNu Nava gaha ekiikrnn| ko parisai kaMThA haraNa /

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana pai viNu ko vijjA aaraahh| paDa viNu candahAsu ko sAhaha / ko gaMdhava vApi ADohaha / kaNNaho chavi-sahAsu saMkhohaha // pai vizu ko kuveru bhaMjesaha / tijaga-vihusaNu kaho vase hosaha // pai viNu ko jamu viNidhAresaha / ko kahalAsukharaNa karesai / / sahasa-kiraNa Nalakkuvvara-sakkahu / ko ari hosai sasi-varuNakahu / ko NihANa rayaNai pAlesaha / ko bahurUviNi vijA laesai // sAmiya paI bhalieNa viNu, puSphavimANe caDevi gurubhattie / mera-sihare jiNa-maMdirai, ko maiNesaha baMdaNa-hattie / isI prakAra hanUmAnake yuddhakA varNana bhI bahuta hI ojasvI aura marmasparzI hai, par3hate hI hattantriyA~ zakRta ho uThatI haiM, maname utsAha aura sphUrti jAgRta ho jAtI hai| samasta vAtAvaraNa yuddhonmukha dikhalAyI par3atA hai, nirjIva aura zuSka dhamaniyome bhI khastha raktakA saMcAra hone lagatA hai| - apabhraza bhApAke paumacariu, harivaMzacarita, bhavisayatakahA Adike pravandhameM tanika bhI zithilatA yA vizRkhalatA nahIM hai| kathAko na to anAvazyaka vistAra diyA gayA hai aura na akramabaddhatA / kathAnakameM gatikhAmAvikatA aura pravAha hai| vastuvyApAravarNana aura bhAvAbhivyaJjanA bhI anupama hai| caritra-citraNameM ina kaviyone apanI pUrI paTutA pradarzita kI hai| rAmake vana-gamanake samaya dazarathakI mAnasika avasthAkA caritracitraNa pitRhRdayakI apUrva jhaoNkI upasthita karatA hai| 'paumacarita' meM sItAharaNake pazcAt rAmakI arddha vikSipta aura mohAmibhUta avasthAkA citraNa rAmake mAnavIya caritrame cAra cAMda lagAtA hai|

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya apabhraMza pravandha-kAvyome vastuvyApAra varNana bhI sundara hai| saMvAda itane prabhAvotpAdaka hue haiM, jisase ina pravandhakAroMkI sahRdayatAkA sahaja hI patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi vastu purAtana hai, para jIvanakai bAhya aura Antarika dRzyoMkA itanI kuzalatA aura sUkSmatAse udghATana kiyA hai, jisase prabandha sahajame hI camatkArapUrNa ho gaye haiN| ___ bhAvavyaJjanA ina apabhraza prabandha-kAvyoMmeM itanI spaSTa hai, jisase par3hate hI hRdayakI rAgAtmaka vRttiyoMme siharana utpanna ho jAtI hai| mananazIla prANoke Antarika satyakA AbhAsa jo ki jIvana ke sthUla satyase bhinna hai, prakaTa ho jAtA hai / jIvanakI antascetanA tathA saundarSabhAvanA udbuddha ho cirantana satyakI ora agrasara karatI hai| ina prabandhakArone ghaTanAvarNana, dRzya-yojanA, paristhiti-nirmANa aura caritra-citraNameM hI apaneko ulajhAnekA prayAsa nahIM kiyA hai, balki bhAva, rasa aura anubhUtikI abhivyaJjanA bhI anUThe Dhagase kI hai| dezI bhASAke jaina-prabandha-kAryokI racanAzailIke AdhArapara jAyasI, tulasI tathA vidyApati Adi kaviyone apane kAvyoMkA nirmANa kiyA hai| padmAvata aura rAmacaritamAnasameM bahuta-sI bAteM paumacariu aura bhavisadezI bhApAke pra yacakahAko jyo-kI-tyo pAyI jAtI haiN| jisa kAvyoMkA jAyasI, prakAra dezI bhASAke jaina-prabandha kAyoMkA Arambha tulasI vathA hindIke sa Iza-vandanAse huA hai, usI prakAra padmAvata aura rAmacaritamAnasakA bhii| jaina-pravandhakAroMne dezI """'bhASAke prabandha kAyoMmeM jaise battIsa mAtrAoMkI : ardhAliyovAle paMjhaTikA yA alilA nAmaka katipaya chandoke bAda bAsaTha mAtrAoMvAlA pattA rakhA hai, vaise hI jAyasI' aura tulsIne bhI battIsa -jAyasIke pabhAvatakA racanAkAla san 1540, dhanapAlajI bhavi-] sayattakahAkA racanAkAla lagabhaga 1000 IsvI sn|

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32 hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana mAtrAbhavAlI caupAiyokI adhaliyoke bAda ar3atAlIsa mAtrAoMvAle dohe rakkhe haiM / bhavisayattakahAkI tukoMkI lar3I hara eka caraNakai antameM kama-se-kama pratyeka do caraName milatI hai, usI prakAra jAyasI aura tulasIkI bhI / isI tathyase prabhAvita hokara prophesara zrI jagannAtharAya zarmAne apane 'apabhraMza-darpaNa' meM likhA hai ki "hindIkA kauna kavi hai, jo pratyakSa yA apratyakSa rUpameM apana zake jaina- prabandha-kAvyoMse prabhAvita na huA ho ? candase lekara harizcandra taka to usake RNa bhArase dave haiM hI, AjakalakI naI-naI kAvyapaddhatiyoke udbhAvaka bhI vicArakara dekhanepara usakI paridhi bahuta cAhara na mileMge / "" jAyasIkA padmAvata to bhavisayattakahAke anukaraNapara hI nahI likhA gayA, apitu usakA kathAnaka bhI bhavisayantakahAse milatA-julatA hai / yadi I bhavisayattakahAke pAtroMke nAmoMko badala le to kathAkA avazepa mAnacitra padmAvata pravandhake mAnacitrase jyo-kA-tyo milegA / jisa prakArakA prema. citraNa bhavisayattakaddAma hai, ThIka usI prakArakA ratnasena - padmAvatIkI kathAme bhii| donoM kRtiyokI kathAvastume bahuta sAmya hai / siMgalagaDhakA ullekha donoM hai | alAuddIna dvArA rAnI padminIke apaharaNakA prayatna asvAbhAvika lagatA hai, bhale hI vaha aitihAsika ho, kintu bhaviSyadattakI strIkA apaharaNa usake bhAI bandhudatta dvArA adhika svAbhAvika hai / padmAvatameM jAyasIne yatra-tatra hI AdhyAtmika sakaita rakkhe haiM, kintu bhavisayattakahAko dhArmika rUpa hI diyA gayA hai| jAyasIne padminIkI nirAzA dikhalAkara mRtyu dikhAyI hai, para bhavisayattakahAmai bandhudattane bhaviSyadattakI strIkA apaharaNa kiyA hai, ataH ghaTanAcakra ke anukUla honepara bhaviSyadattako apanI strI vApisa mila jAtI hai aura bandhudatta daNDa pAtA hai / padmAvatakI varNana aMzo milatI-julatI hai| bhI paumacariu aura bhavisayattakahAse bahuta bandhudattakI samudrayAtrA ratnasenakI samudrayAtrAse 1 - dekheM apabhraMga darpaNa pRSTha 25 /

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya tathA nakhazikhavarNana padmAvatake nakhazikhavarNanase bhAvame hI nahIM, kintu zabdome bhI sAmya rakhatA hai| udAharaNArtha vandhudattakI samudrayAtrAkai kucha padya uddhRta kiye jAte hai| ina uddhRta-padyokI padmAvatake padyoMke sAtha tulanA karanese spaSTa hai ki bhavisayattakahAke racayitA dhanapAlakI zailIkA jAyasIne kitanA anukaraNa kiyA hai-- NijjAvaya vayaNujju amuhaha, kiravavai~ gaNaM bhddoN| sacalaha rayaNAyaraho jali, kharapavahANaya-dhaya-vaNa // diDha-badhaI jiha mallara-gaNAI / jillohai jiha muNivara-maNA: / NinmiNNa: jiha sajaNa-hiyAi / makiyastha jiha dujaNa-kiyAI // vahaNa: vahati jalaharasahi / ducari atyAhi mahA samuhi // leMcaMtaha dIvaMtara-thalAi / pisaMti viviha koU halAI / iya lIlaI vaccaMtAha taahN| ucchAha-santi-vikkama parAha / duppavaNe ghnnvrubr-smiive| vahaNa lAMga: mayaNAya dIve // kallola-bola-jalarala vamAle / asagAha-gAha gahaNaMtarAle // tIraMdareja saghaSTa poya / uttariya tariva pamuhAi loya // vayaNu suNivi NAyara jagahu, na siri vajadaMDa paDika / vohitthaI levi durAsa khalu, gahira mahAsamuhi caDiU // -bhavisayacakahA pRSTha 21 sAyara tarai hiye sata pUrA / jo jiu sata, kAyara puni sUrA // tei sata bohita kurI calAe / tei sata pavana paMkha janu laae|| sata sAthI, sata kara saMsArU / sata kheha leha lAvai paaruu| satta tAka saba AgU pAchu / jaheM jaha~ magara maccha au kAchU // uThai lahari janu ThAr3ha pahArA / car3he saraga au parai patArA // -jAyasI graMthAvalI pR0 64 1-svayaMbhUke paumacariukA racanAkAla I0 san 790 / Aar

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hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana isI prakAra viraha, yuddha, Rtu, nagara AdikA varNana bhI panAvatame bhavisayattakahAke samAna hI huA hai| dezI bhASAke zabdoMke sthAnapara tatsama zabdoMko rakha denepara bhavisayattakahAke aneka varNanAtmaka sthala padmAvatake ho jaayeNge| __ hindI sAhityake amarakavi tulasIdAsa para svayaMbhUkI paramacariDa aura bhaksiyattakahAkA amiTa prabhAva par3A hai| mahApaMDita rAhula sAkRtyAyanane apanI hindI kAvyadhArAme batAyA hai ki "mAlama hotA hai, tulsI bAvAne khayabhU-rAmAyaNako jarUra dekhA hogA, phira Azcarya hai ki unhoMne khayabhUkI sItAkI ekAdha kiraNa bhI apanI sItAmeM kyoM nahIM DAla dii| tulasI bAvAne svayabhU-rAmAyaNako dekhA thA, merI isa vAtapara Apatti ho sakatI hai, lekina mai samajhatA hU~ ki tulsI bAbAne "kacidanyatopi" se svayabhUrAmAyaNakI ora hI saketa kiyA hai| Akhira nAnA purANa, nigama, Agama aura rAmAyaNake bAda brAhmaNokA kauna-sA grantha vAkI raha jAtA hai, jisame rAmakI kathA AyI hai| "kacidanyatopi"se tulasI vAvAkA matalaba hai, brAhmaNoka sAhityase vAhara "kahIM anyatrase bhI" aura anyatra isa jaina anthame rAmakathA par3e sundara rUpame maujUda hai| jisa soro yA sUkarakSetrame gokhAmIjIne rAmakI kathA sunI, usI soroMmeM jaina-gharome khayamU-rAmAyaNa par3hI jAtI thii| rAmabhakta rAmAnandI sAdhu rAmake pIche jisa prakAra par3e the, usase yaha vilkula sambhava hai ki unhe jainoke yahA~ isa rAmAyaNakA patA laga gayA ho| yaha yadyapi gosvAmInIse ATha sau barasa pahale banA thA kintu tadbhava zabdoke prAcurya tathA lekhako vAcakoke jaba-tabake zabda-sudhArake kAraNa bhI AsAnIse samajhame A sakatA thaa| -gosvAmI tulasIdAsakA janma saM 1589 aura svayaMbhUdevakA IsvI san 770 / 2-hindI kAvyadhArA pRSTha 52 /

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya rAhulajIkA uparyukta kathana kahaoNtaka yathArtha hai yaha to pAThakopara hI chor3A jAtA hai, para itanA sunizcita hai ki rAmacaritamAnasake aneka sthala khayabhUkI paumacariu-rAmAyaNase atyadhika prabhAvita haiM tathA svayaMbhUkI zailIkA tulasIdAsane aneka sthaloMpara anukaraNa kiyA hai| jisa prakAra svayabhUne paumacariuke ArambhameM apanI laghutA pradarzita kI hai usI prakAra tulsIne mI / svayabhUkA Atmanivedana tulasIke Atmanivedanase bhAvasAmya rakhatA hai, ataH yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki tulasIne svayabhUkA anukaraNa kiyA hai to isame Azcarya hI kyA hai ? udAharaNake lie kucha aza paumacariuke nIce uddhRta kiye jAte haiM :buha-yaNa saryabhu pai~ viNNavai / mahu sarisau aNNa gAhi kukai // vAyarazu kayAha Na nANiyau / u vitti-sutta dhkkhaanniyu| NA NisuNita paMca mahAya kbbu / Nau bharahu Na lakkhaNu chaMdu sadhchu / Nau bujhiu piMgala-pacchAru / NaDa bhAmaha-daMDIya laMkAra // ve ve sAya to vi Nau pariharami / pari syaDA vRttu kaccha karami // sAmANamAsa chuDa mA bihaDau / chuDa Agama-juci kiMpi ghddr| chuDa haoNti su hAsiya-vayaNAI / gAmella bhAsa pariharaNAI // ehu sajaNa loyahu kiu viNau / jaM abuhu parisiTha appaNa' // jaM evaMvi rUsAi kovi khallu / ho hatyusthasliDa leu chalu // pisuNe kiM bhanbhatthieNa, jasu kovi Na ruthi| kiM chaNa-indu maruggahe, Na kaMpaMtu vimukhaa| -paumacarita -3 nija budhi bala bharosa mohi nAhIM / vAte vinaya karau~ saba pAhIM // karana cahau~ raghupati gunagAhA / laghu mati mori carita avagAhA // sUjha na ekaTa aMga upaauu| mana bhati raMka manoratha raauu|| mati ati nIca U~ci ruci AchI / cahima amima naga juraha na chAchI |chmihhiN sajana mori viThAI / sunihahiM bAlavacana mana lAI //

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36 hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana jauM bAlaka kaha totari bAtA / sunahiM mudita mana pitu aru mAtA // haeNsihahiM kUra kuTila kuvicArI / je para dUpana bhUpana dhArI // X X X bhAva bheda rasa bheda apaaraa| kavita dopa guna vividha prakArA // kavita viveka eka nahiM more / satya kahau~ likhi kAgada kore // -- rAmacarita mAnasa, bAlakANDa isI prakAra Rtu, kAla, sandhyA, nagara, samudra, nadI, vana, yAtrA, nArI saundarya, vilApa, ranivAsa, jalakrIr3A, viraha eva yuddha Adi viSaya, tathA chanda, zailI Adi dRSTiyose 'paumacariu' se tulasIdAsa ne bahuta kucha grahaNa kiyA pratIta hotA hai / bhavisayattakahAse bhI tulasIdAsane vipaya aura se aneka bAte grahaNa kI hai / pAThaka dekhege ki samAnatA hai-- varNanazailIkI apekSAnimna padyoMme kitanI suNimitta jAbhaI tAsu tAma / gaya payahiNaMnti vAyaMgi suti sahasahai bAu / piya melAvai vAmau kilakiMcita kAvaeNa / dAhiNau aMgu dAhiNa loyaNu phaMdai sabAhu / NaM bhaNai eNa dAhina kAga sukheta sAnukUla vaha trividha udevi sAma // kAu || kulakular3a darisiGa maraNa // manoNa jAhu // usako sundara zakuna dikhalAyI par3e / zyAmApakSI ur3akara dAhinI ora AgayA / bAI orase manda manda vAyu baha rahI thI aura priyatamase mela karAnevAlI dhvanime kauA bola rahA thA / vyavAne bAI ora bolanA zurU kiyA aura dAhinI ora mRga dikhalAI par3e / isI bhAvakI kavivara tulasIdAsakI caupAiyA~ dekhiye suhAvA / nakula darasa saba kAhuna pAvA | pyArI / saghaTa savAla bhAva ghara nArI //

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purAtana kAnya sAhitya lovA phiri-phiri darasa dikhAvA / surabhI sanmukha zizuhiM pimAvA // mRgamAlA dAhina dizi aaii| maMgala gana janu dInha dikhAI // vAtsalya aura zRGgAra rasake marmajJa kavi sUradAsa bhI dezI bhASAke jaina kaviyose atyadhika prabhAvita hai / sUrane padokI racanA dezI bhASAke jaina kaviyokI zailIke AdhArapara kI hai| dezI bhASAke jaina kaviyone do caraNokA eka caraNa mAnA hai, ve caupAIke cAra caraNa nahIM likhate, do hI caraName chanda samApta kara dete haiN| kahIM-kahIM eka caraNa rakhakara use dhruvakake rUpame kucha paktiyoMke bAda duharAyA gayA hai| yahI prakriyA padokI Teka bana gayI hai / dezI bhASAmeM saMgIta aura layakA samanvaya apUrva hai| isa bhApAkA kAvya vAdyake sAtha geya gItome mAdhurya aura tAlke sAtha gAyA jA sakatA hai / sUradAsane isI zailIko apanAyA hai| bAlalIla aura zRGgArakA varNana jaina sAhityakI dena hai / hemacandake vyAkaraName proSitapatikAke aneka sundara sarasa udAharaNa Aye hai, jo gopiyokI viraha-vihvala dazAkA citra upasthita karaneme sakSama haiM / kavi puSpadantane RSabhadevakI bAlalIlAkA varNana bar3e hI sundara Dhagase kiyA hai| hamArA anumAna hai ki yaha makta kavi bAla-citraName jainakaviyose atyadhika anuprANita haiN| udAharaNake lie do-cAra padya uddhRta kiye jAte haiN| sesavalIliyA kiilmsiiliyaa| pahuNAdAviyA keNa Na bhAviyA / / dhUlIdhUsaru vavagayakaDillu / sahajAyaka vilakaoNtalu jaDillu // ho hallaru jo jo suhaM sumahiM paI paNavaMtaubhUyagaNu / gaMdai rijhai dukiyamaleNa kAsuvi maliguNa Na hoi maNu / dhUlI dhUsaro kati kiNkinniisro| NirubamalIlaDa kIlaha vAlaDa / -puSpadanta-mahApurANa-prathamakhaNDa

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana mahAkavi sUradAsa ne kRSNakI bAlalIlAoMkA citraNa bahuta-kucha isI prakArakA kiyA hai / nulanAke lie suradAsakI kucha padya-paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jAtI haiM kahA~ lauM varaNoM sundaratAi, khelata ku~ara kanaka Agana meM, naina nirakha chavi chAi / kulahi lasati sira syAma subhaga ati, bahuvidhi suraMga banAi / mAnoM nava dhana Upara rAjata, maghavA dhanupa cdaai| ati sudeza mRdu harata cikura mana, mohana mukha vagarAi / khaMDita vacana deta pUrana sukha, bhalpa alpa jalapAi / ghuTurana calata renu tana maMDita sUradAsa bali jAi / lokajIvanake aise aneka svAbhAvika citra jaina dezI bhASA pravandha kAyome aMkita kiye gaye haiM, jinase hindIkAvya adyAvadhi anumANita hotA calA A rahA hai / dohA chanda mUlataH jaina kaviyoMkA hai / 8-9 vIM zatAbdImeM yaha Thanda jainAme itanA adhika lokapriya thA ki isI inTameM zRGgAra, vairAgya, nIti Adi viSayokI phuTakara racanAe~ vipula parimANama huI / kucha kaviyAne kanipaya choTe-moTe AkhyAna bhI dohAma likhe / hemacandra ke vyAkaraNama aise aneka dohokA saMgraha hai, ninase jaina kaviyoMkI 'alpa zabdAM-dvArA adhika bhAva abhivyakSita karanekI zailIkA parinAna sahajama hI ho jAtA hai| bhAvakI dRSTile aisI aneka bhAvanAe~ dohAmaM citrita haiM, jinakA pUrNa vikAsa vihArImeM nAkara huaa| yadyapi zRGgAra rasako bar3hA-car3hA kara nahIM nirapita kiyA, phira bhI viraha aura premakI bhAvanAoMkI kamI nahIM hai| 1-kavi sUradAsakA samaya vi. saM. 1540 aura puppadantakA I. saM. 959 /

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purAtana kAvya - sAhitya 39 pravandhacintAmaNi, somapramakA kumArapAla pratibodha Adi racanAe~ purAnI hindI ke prabandha kAvyoMme parigaNita hai / yadyapi ina granthoMkI pravandhapaddhati zithila aura vizRMkhalita hai, phira bhI gailI aura bhASAkI dRSTise ina kAvyokA vizeSa mahattva hai / pravandha cintAmaNi bhoja-prabandhake DhaMgakI racanA hai| isame jaina dharmakA udyotana karanevAlI kaI kathAoMkA sagraha kiyA hai / kathAkA Arambha karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki eka dina vikramAditya rAtako nagarakA paribhramaNa karane gayA aura eka telIse nimna dohekA ardhoza sunA / dohekA uttarArddha sunanekI abhilASAse rAjA vahA~ bahuta dera taka ThaharA rahA, para use nirAza hI lauTanA par3A / prAtaHkAla daravArame usane telIko bulAyA aura usase doheko pUrA karAyA " apabhraMzake vAdakI purAnI hindIke jaina-pravandha kAvya - ammaNibho saMdesaDamo nAraya kanha kahija / jagu dAlicihi DubbiDa valibaMdhaNaha muhijja || arthAt - he nArada, kRSNase hamArA sandeza kaha denA ki nagara daridratAse pIr3ita hai, bali-bandhana (karakA bojha ) chor3a do| isame muJja, tailapa, bhoja, kumArapAla, abhaya, rAvaNa Adi rAjAoMko jaina dharmAvalamvI mAnakara AkhyAna diye gaye haiN| varNana sAhityakI apekSA itihAsake adhika nikaTa haiM / yadyapi vasantakA zabda-citraNa sAhityakI dRSTise sundara huA hai, lekhakane kalpanAkI ur3Ana aura bhAvanAkI tahameM praveza karanekA pUrA yatna kiyA hai, para saphalatA kama milI hai| udAharaNa yaha koila-kula-rava-hula bhuvaNi vasaMtu payahu / bhaDDu va mayaNa-mahA-nivaha payadima-vijaya marahu // sUra palohavi kaMta karu uttara- disi-Asantu / nIsAsu va dAhiNa - disaya malaya- samIra pavattu //

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40 hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kANaNa- siri sohai aruNa - nava- pallava pariNada | naM rataMya-pAvariya mahu-piyayama saMvaddha // sahayArihi maMjari sahahi bhramara-samUha-saNAha | jAlAra va mayaNAnalaha pasariya-dhUma-pavAha || arthAt-koyaloke zabdase mukharita vasanta jagame praviSTa huA, mAno kAmadeva mahAnRpake vijaya- ahkArako prakaTa karanevAlA yoddhA hI ho / sundara kiraNoMvAle sUryako uttara dizAme Ate dekhakara malaya- samIra dakSiNa dizA nizvAsakI taraha bahane lagA | aruNa nava kopose pariNaDha kAnana zrI aisI gomita hotI hai, mAno vaha raktAzu lapeTe hue vAsanArUpI priyatamase Aligita ho / bhramara-samUhase yukta AmramaJjarI aisI jAna par3atI hai, mAno madanAnalakI jvAlAse dhuMA uTha rahA ho / pravandha-cintAmaNimeM choTI-choTI kaI kathAe~ hai, ina kathAoM meM Apasa me koI sambandha nahI hai; ataH yaha saphala pravandha-kAvya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kumArapAla pratibodha kumArapAlako prabuddha karaneke lie 57 laghukathAe~ dI gayI haiM / kavine sapta vyasana juA khelanA, mAMsa khAnA, madirA pAna karanA, zikAra khelanA, parastrIsevana karanA, corI karanA aura vevyA evaM kAma vAsanA ke tyAga karanekA upadeza dete hue aneka choTe-choTe AkhyAnoMko udAharaNakai rUpameM prastuta kiyA hai / yadyapi prAsaGgika kathAoMkI AdhikArika kathA ke sAtha anviti hai, para prabandhameM zaithilya hai / kramavaddhatAkA bhI abhAva hai / katipaya varNana kalpanAkI ur3Ana aura bhAvanAkI saghanatAkI dRSTise sundara hue haiN| jagatkI tucchatA aura nissAratA dikhalAte hue mautika padAthA~kI kSaNabhaMguratAkA marmasparzIM nirUpaNa kiyA hai|

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purAtana kAnya-sAhitya 13 vIM zatIse lekara 19 vI zatI taka rAsA caritra aura paurANika kathAoke rUpameM jaina sAhityakAra prabandha-kAvyokA nirmANa karate rahe hai| hindI-jaina yadyapi ina anyoMmeMse adhikAza kAvyoMkI vastu purAsAhityake paravartI tana hai yA saMskRta aura prAkRtake kathA-pranyokA padyA prabandha kAvya nuvAda hai, phira bhI AtmadraSTA bhAvuka jaina kaviyone apanI kalpanA-dvArA sunahalA raGga bharakara kalAko camakA diyA hai| 13 vI zatIme dharmasUrine jambUsvAmI rAsA, vijayasarine revaMtagiri rAsA, vinayacandrane neminAthacaupaI, 14 vI zatIme satotra rAsA, ambadevane saghapati samarA rAsA, 15vI zatIme vijayamaDhane gautamarAsA, 16vI zatIme IzvarasUrine lalitAgacaritra tathA isI zatAbdIkI ajJAta nAmavAlI racanAe~, yazodharacarita aura kRpaNacarita evaM 17vI gatIme mAlakavine bhojapravandhakI racanA kI hai| 18vI gatIko racanAome bhUdharadAsakA pArzvapurANa tathA paurANika AdhAropara viracita harivatrapurANa, padmapurANa, zrIpAla carita aura zroNika carita Adi mukhya hai| mAnavake antardvandva, Atmacintana, pApa-puNyake phala, antastalakI nigUDha bhAvanAoMke ghAta-pratighAta evaM kAyome mastiSka aura hRdayake samanvayako jitanI khUbI aura sUkSmatAke sAtha ina paravartI jaina prabandhakArone dikhalAyA hai utanI khUbI aura sUkSmatAke sAtha inakA anyatra milanA asambhava to nahIM, para kaThina avazya hai| eka ahisA tatvakI bhAvanA sarvatra anusyUta milegii| prabandha cAhe choTe ho yA bar3e, para jaina kaviyone kathAke anupAtakA pUrA khyAla rakhA hai| kathAmeM kahIM mantharatA aura kahI lapaka-jhapaka nahIM hai, balki santulanAtmaka gati hai| jisase pAThaka bhAvanAke ucca dharAtalapara sahaname hI pahu~ca jAtA hai| pAcapurANa aura zrIpAla caritra to zreSTha pravandha kAvyokI zreNIma rakhe jA sakate haiN| caritraoNma sthira aura gatimaya dono hI prakArake caritra citrita hai| pArzvapurANama atyanta sUkSma paryavekSaNase kAma liyA hai, isI kAraNa kavine sajIva citra

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52 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana khIcaneme abhUtapUrva saphalatA prApta kI hai| jIvanakI kamajoriyaoN, mAnasika vikAra aura vibhinna paristhitiyoke gahana starokI abhivyaJjanA bhI prazaMsya hai| pravandhakAvyake do bheda haiM-mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya / mahAkAvyama sampUrNa jIvanakA citraNa rahatA hai, para khaNDakAvyama jIvanake kisI khAsa hindI jaina adhakA hI citrAkana kiyA jAtA hai| kAvya manI mahAkAvya piyoMne mahAkAvyameM jIvanakI sarvAGgapUrNa kathAkai sAtha nimnAGkita bAtokA honA bhI Avazyaka mAnA hai 1-kathAvastu sargoM yA adhikAroMme vibhakta hotI hai| 2-nAyaka tIrthakara, cakravatI yA anya mahApurupa hotA hai| 3-zRGgAra, vIra yA zAnta rasakI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| 4-sandhiyomeM adbhuta rasa hotA hai, prasagavaza anya rasa bhI A sakate haiN| 5-nATakakI sabhI sandhiyoM pAyI jAtI hai| 6-kathAvastu aitihAsika yA jagat-prasiddha hotI hai| 7-dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa inameMse kisI eka puruSArthako prApta karanA uddezya mAnA jAtA hai| 8-ArambhameM maMgalAcaraNa, AzIrvacana athavA pratipAdya vastukA saMketa rahatA hai| 9-sagIkI saMkhyA AThase adhika hotI hai / 1-sargavandho mahAkAnyaM tantrako nAyakA suraH / sadazaH kSatriyo vApi dhiirodaatgunnaanvitH|| ekavaMzabhaSA bhUpAH kulajA bahavo'pi dhaa| bhaMgAravIrazAntAnAmekozI rasa ipyate // -sAhityadarpaNa

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya 10-sarga yA adhikArake antame chanda badala jAte haiM, kamI-kamI eka hI sargameM kaI prakArake chanda Ate hai|| 11-prabhAta, sandhyA, pradoSa, sUrya, candra, andhakAra Adi prAkRtika dRzyoM, sayoga, viyoga, yuddha, vivAha Adi jIvanakI paristhitiyA~ evaM svarga, naraka, grAma, nagara Adi aneka prakArakI vastuokA citraNa rahatA hai| 12-mahAkAvyakA nAmakaraNa kisI pradhAna ghaTanA, kAvyagata vRtta, kavikA nAma athavA nAyakake nAmake AdhArapara hotA hai| dezI bhASAmeM svayambhUdevake paumacariu, rikSaNemicariu, puSpadanta kavikA tisadvimahApurisaguNAkAra, padmakIrtikA pArzvapurANa aura nayanandikA sudarzanacarita haiN| brajabhASA aura rAjasthAnI bhASAme vinayasUrikA malinAthamahAkAvya, bhUgharadAsakA pArzvapurANa tathA anUdita harivazapurANa Adi haiM / vAstavika bAta yaha hai ki rAjasthAname abhI jaina kAvyokA anveSaNa karanA zeSa hai| hamArA vizvAsa hai ki jayapurake Asa pAsake jainamandiroMke zAstrAgArome hindIke aneka mahAkAvya chupe par3e hai| ___ yahaoN do-cAra una mukhya anyokA hI vivecana de rahe hai, jo hamAre anuzIlanakA viSaya rahe hai| paramacarita-pabhacaritra isa anthame 12000 padya haiN| 90 sandhiyA~ (jaina rAmAyaNa) aura 5 kANDa haiM / vivaraNa nimna hai vidyAdharakANDa-20 sandhi ayodhyAkANDa-22 sandhi sundarakANDa-14 sandhi yuddhakANDa-21 sandhi uttarakANDa-13 sandhi ina sandhiyomeM 83 sandhiyA~ svayabhUdevakI haiM aura zeSa sAta sandhiyA~ inake putra tribhuvana dvArA racita haiN|

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zuM hindI - jaina-sAhitya parizIlana kathAvastu vidyAdhara, rAkSasa aura vAnaravazakA paricaya deneke anantara batAyA hai ki vijayArddhakI dakSiNa dizAme rathanUpura nAmake nagarame indra nAmakA pratApI vidyAdhara rahatA thaa| isane lakAko jItakara apane rAjyameM milA liyA / pAtAla-lakAke rAjA ranavakA vivAha kautukamagala nagarake vyomavindukI choTI putrI kekasIse huA thA, rAvaNa isI dampattikA putra thaa| isane bacapana meM hI bahurUpiNI vidyA siddha kI thI, jisase yaha apane zarIrake aneka AkAra banA sakatA thaa| rAvaNa aura kumakaraNane lakAke adhipati indra aura prabhAvazAlI vidyAdhara vaizravaNako parAstakara apanA rAjya sthApita kara liyA / kharadUpaNa rAvaNakI vahana zUrpaNakhAkA haraNa kara le gayA, pIche rAvaNane apanI isa bahanakA vivAha svaradUpaNake sAtha kara diyA aura pAtAla-lakAkA rAjya bhI usIko de diyA / vAnaravaMzake prabhAvazAlI zAsaka vAline sasArase virakta hokara apane laghu bhAI sugrIvako rAjya de digambara- dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura kailAsa parvatapara tapasyA karane lgaa| rAvaNako apane vala, pauruSakA baDA abhimAna thA, ataH vaha bAlipara kruddha ho kailAsa parvatako uThAne lagA / isa isalie bATine apane agUTheke parvatake Upara bane jinAlaya surakSita rahe, jorase kailAsa parvatako dabA diyA, jisase rAvaNako mahAn kaSTa huA / paJcAt vAline rAvaNako chor3a diyA aura tapasyA kara nirvANa pAyA / ayodhyAme bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke vazase samayAnusAra aneka rAjA hue, sabane digambarI dIkSA lekara tapasyA kI aura mokSa pAyA / isa vAke rAjA raghukai araNya nAmaka putra huA, isakI rAnIkA nAma pRthvImati thA / isa dampattiko do putra hue --anantaratha aura dAratha / rAjA araNya apane bar3e putra sahita sasArase virakta ho tapasyA karane calA gayA tathA ayodhyAkA zAsanabhAra dazarathako milA / eka dina dazarathakI sabhA meM nArada RSi Aye, unhone kahA ki rAvaNane kisI nimittajJAnIse yaha jAna

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purAtana kAva-sAhitya 45 liyA hai ki dazaratha-putra aura janaka-putrIke nimittase merI mRtyu hogI / ataH usane vibhISaNako Apa donoko mAraneke lie niyukta kara diyA hai, Apa sAvadhAna hokara kahI chupa jaayeN| rAjA dazaratha apanI rakhAke lie deza-dezAntarame gaye aura mArgame kaikayIse vigaha kiyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt mahArAja dazarayake cAra putra hue aura eka yuddhame prasanna hokara unhoMne kaikayIko varadAna bhI diyA / rAmake rAjyAbhiSekake samaya kaikayIne varadAna maeNgA, jisase rAma-lakSmaNa aura sItA bana gaye tathA mahArAja dazarathane jina-dIkSA grahaNa kii| sItA-haraNa ho jAnepara gamane vAnaravagI vidyAdhara pavanaJjaya aura aJjanAke putra hanUmAna eva sugrIvase mitratA kI / rAmane suprIvake zatru sAhasagatikA vadhakara sadAke lie sugrIvako apane vaza kara liyA aura inhIke sAhAyyate rAvaNakA vadhakara sItAko prApta kiyaa| rAvaNa jaina dharmAnuyAyI thaa| pratidina jinapUjA aura luti karatA thA, para anItike kAraNa usake kulakA sahAra huaa| ___ayodhyA lauTa Anepara lokApavAdake bhayase rAmane sItAkA nirvAsana kiyaa| saubhAgyase jisa sthAnapara jagalameM sotAko chor3A gayA thA, vajaba rAjA vahA~ AyA aura apane ghara le jAkara sItAkA sarakSaNa karane lagA | sItAke putra lavaNAkuzane apane parAkramase aneka dezoMko jItakara vanajaMghake rAjyakI vRddhi kii| jaba yaha vIra digvijaya karatA huA apolyA AyA to rAmate yuddha huA tathA isI yuddhame pitA putra parasparame paricita bhI hue| sItA amiparIkSA uttIrNa huI, virakta ho tapasyA karane calI gayI aura strIliGga chedakara svarga prApta kiyaa| maNakI mRtyu ho jAnepara rAma zokAbhibhUta ho gaye, kucha kAla bAda bodha prAsa honepara digambara muni ho gaye aura duddhara tapatyAkara unhoMne mokSa prApta kiyaa| yaha saphala mahAkAvya hai| isakI AdhikArika kathA rAmacandrarI kayA hai, avAntara yA prAsanika kathAe~ vAnaravaza aura vidyAdhara vaMzaka

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16 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana AkhyAna rUpame AyI haiN| prAsaGgika kathAvastume prakarI aura patAkA donoM hI prakArakI kathAe~ hai| patAkA rUpame sugrIva mahAkAvyatva aura mAruta-nandanakI kathAe~ AdhikArika kathAkai sAtha-sAtha calI hai aura prakarI rUpame bAli, bhAmaNDala, vanajaMgha Adi rAjAoMke AkhyAna haiN| kArya-vyApArakI dRSTise ukta kathAvastume prArambha, prayatna, prAptyAgA, niyatApti aura phalAgama ye paoNcoM hI avasthAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| vidyAdhara - vaMgake varNanake uparAnta ayodhyAkANDakI tIsarI ___sandhirma kathAsUtra phalkI icchAke lie unmukha hotA hai / invAkuvaMzake mahArAja dazarathake prAgaName rAma khelate dikhalAyI paDate haiN| dvitIya avasthA usa samaya AtI hai jaba rAma vivAhakara ghara lauTa Ate haiM / vana jAnA, sItAkA haraNa honA aura yuddha karake rAvaNake yahaoNse sItAko le Aneke uparAnta rAmakA dhArmika kRtyoMmeM lIna ho jAnA tathA lakSmaNakI mRtyu ke uparAnta rAmakA vedanAbhibhUta honA aura devoM-dvArA bodha prApta honA tIsarI prAptyAzA nAmaka avasthA hai | rAmakA tapasyAke lie jAnA niyatApti nAmaka cauthI avasthA aura rAmakA nirvANa prApta karanA phalAgama nAmaka paoNcI avasthA hai| isa mahAkAvyameM kathAvastukai camatkArapUrNa ve aga vartamAna hai, jo kathAvastuko kAryakI ora le jAte hai| bIja prArambha nAmaka avasthAse arthaprakRtiyA~ hI dikhalAyI par3atA hai, jisa prakAra vIjame phala chipA rahatA hai usI prakAra vazotpatti nAmaka AkhyAnameM sArI kathA chupI hai / vAnaravaza, vidyAdharavaza aura rAkSasavAkA pArasparika sambandha dikhalAkara kavine mAnavIya aura dAnavIya pravRttiyoke dvandvakI abhivyaJjanA kI hai| vindukA Arambha rAmake janmase hotA hai, kathAka vAstavika vistAra aura nigamanakA yahI sthAna hai| patAkA aura prakarIma bAlikA tapAkhyAna, vizalyAkai bhavAntara, hanUmAnakA nirvANa lAma Adi

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya avAntara kathAsthAna haiN| rAmakA nirvANa lAbha kArya nAmaka arthaprakRti hai / avasthA aura arthaprakRtiyokA mela isameM sundara DhaMgase huA hai / bIja arthaprakRti - vaMzAkhyAnakA prArambha nAmaka avasthA - rAmake sAtha yoga dikhalAnA mukha sandhi hai / pratimukha sandhi kathAkta vaha sandhiyA~ 17 sthAna hai jahA~ rAmakI vAnaravaMzake vidyAdharoMse mitratA hotI hai / garbhasandhime kathAkA vistAra bahuta huA hai / avamarga sandhime rAmakA vedanAbhibhUta ho jAnevAlA kathAkA tyAna hai / rAmakA nirvANa prApta karanA nirvahaNasandhi-sthAna hai, jahA~ kArya aura phalakA yoga huA hai| isa mahAkAvyakI kathAvastukai nAyaka padma-rAma hai / yaha dhIrodAta haiN| inake caritrameM mahatI udAratA hai| inameM zaktike sAtha kSamA tathA dRr3hatA aura Atmagaurava ke sAtha vinaya tathA nirabhimAnatA hai / yaha trezaTha gallAkApurupoMmese haiM / isa mahAkAvyameM yoM to sabhI rasa hai, para zAntarasa pradhAna rupane paripakka huA hai / zRGgArakai saMyoga aura viyoga donoM pazcAMkA varNana kavine sundara kiyA hai / karuNa rasake citragameM to abhUtapUrva saphalatA prApta kI hai / yuddhame bhAI bandhuoM kAma Anepara kuTumbiyoke vidyApa pASANahRdayako mI dravIbhUta karanemeM samartha hai / rasa nAyaka prakRti AdikAlse hI kaviyokA AkarSaNa kendra rahI hai / sa kaviyoMne vibhinna rUpoMme prakRtikA citraNa kiyA hai / isa mahAkAvya mI prakRticitraNa aura SaTRtuoMkA varNana vizuddha prakRtike sAtha kAlava rUpameM kiyA gayA hai / sandhyAkI suramAko kavine aneka upamA aura utprekSAoMke sundara jAlameM vaoNvanA cAhA hai, para vaha sundarIkA zabdacitra prastuta nahIM kara sakA hai| nimna paMniya dekhane yogya hai vastuvarNana

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Feas a masthala sintu / ahiDAyaNa va dharaNa pAe sIe // 40 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana uvahasai saMjhArAu suha-baMdhuru / vidu mayAharu mottiya-daMturu / chivaha va matthau meru-mahIharu / tujhuvi bhajyuvi kavaNu paIharu / jaM caMda-kaMta-salilAhi situ / ahileya-paNAlu gha phusiya cittu / jaM vidruma-maragaya-ti Ahi / thiu gayA va sudharaNu-pati Ahi // jaM iMdaNIla-mAlA masIe / malihai baMdi mitIe vIe // jahi pomarAya-paha taNu vihAi / thiu ahiNava-saMjhArAu gAi // -paumacariDa 713 isa mahAkAvyake do khaNDa haiM-AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa / prathama khaNDameM 80 sandhiyA~ aura dvitIyame 40 sandhiyA~ haiN| AdipurAName tisahi mahApurisa prathama . prathama tIrthakara RSamanAthakA caritra hai aura uttara " purANameM avazeSa 23 tIrthakarokI jIvanagAthA hai| guNAlaMkAra - AdipurANakI kathAvastume ekatAnatA hai, para uttarapurAName 23 kathAe~ hai, ekakA dUsarese kucha bhI sambandha nahIM | ataeva mahAkAvya ke sabhI pUrvokta lakSaNa AdipurAName vartamAna haiM / mahAkAvyakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA kathAvastumeM anvitikA honA hai| AdipurAName ghaTanAcakrake bhItara aise sthalokA pUrA sanniveza hai jo mAnavakI rAgAmikA vRttiko ubuddha kara sakate haiM, usake hRdayako mAvamagna banA sakate haiN| isameM kathAkA pUrA tanAva hai| isake nAyakameM kevala kAlakI apekSAse hI vistAra nahIM hai, balki dezApekSayA bhI hai / nAyaka RSamanAtha-AdinAtha usa samayake samAja aura vargavizeSake pratinidhi haiN| unake jIvanameM samaSTike jIvanakA kendrIyakaraNa hai| mahAkAvyake nAyakame yahI sabase bar3I vizeSatA honI cAhiye ki vaha samaSTigata bhAvanAoM aura icchAoMko apane bhItara rakhakara mAnavatAkA pratiSThAna kreN| sakSepame yaha saphala mahAkAvya hai| 1vIM zatIme nayanandine 12 sandhiyoMme sudarzana caritakI racanA kI hai| yaha grantha eka prema kathAko lekara likhA gayA hai| kavine baDe kauzalase

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya isa kathAkI vyaJjanAme paJcanamaskArakA phala ghaTita kiyA hai| pratidina sudarzana carita _ arihata, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sarvasAdhuko suzana bhArata bhaktipUrvaka namaskAra karanA pratyeka sAdhakakA dharma hai| kAvyake bIca-bIcame dhArmika prakaraNa rakhe gaye hai| dhArmika vyaJjanAke sAtha prema-kathA kahanekI yaha sAketika zailI sUphI kaviyo ke lie vizeSa anukaraNIya rahI hai| isa kAvya-granthake kathAnakake samAnAntara hI premamArgI kaviyone kathAe~ gaDhakara apane siddhAntokA pracAra kiyA hai| prastuta kAvyagranthame yadyapi zRgArarasakI pradhAnatA hai, tathApi isakA paryavasAna zAntarasameM huA hai| kavine jahA~ eka aura strIke saundaryacitraNa aura AkarSaka paristhitiyoMme apanI kalpanA eva saundarya-darzanakI antardRSTikA paricaya diyA hai, vahA~ bIca-bIcame jainadharmake siddhAntokA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| nAyikA-bheda, nakha-zikha varNana, prakRti citraNake rasAnukUla prasaga vaDe manohara Dhagase prastuta kiye hai| jaina sAhityame isa mahAkAvyakI zailIpara adhika racanAe~ nahI ho sakI hai| AkarSaka rUpasaundarya hI isa mahAkAvyake AkhyAnakA AdhAra hai| sudarzanakA rUma sasArakI samasta sundara vastuoke samanvayase nirmita hai| isake varNana, darzana yA bhAvanAmAtrase kisIke bhI hRdayame gudagudI utpanna ho sakatI hai| ___ kavi nayanandane apanI sUkSma antardRSTi dvArA minna-bhinna paristhitiyoke vIca ghaTita honevAlI aneka mAnasika avasthAokA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| abhayAke sAmane jaba sudarzana pahuMcatA hai to vaha unmukta hRdayase premakI bhIkha mA~gatI hai, kintu zIlapara himAlayakI cadhanakI taraha aDiga sudarzana mAnasika dvandvoMke bIca par3akara bhI kamanoriyopara vijaya pAtA hai aura spaSTa zabdoM meM usake prastAvako ThukarA detA hai| kSobhase utpanna udAsInatA aura AtmaglAnikI bhAvanAse abhibhUta abhayA zora macAtI hai, jisakA pariNAma dAnavIya zaktipara mAnavIya zaktike vijaya rupame hotA hai / karuNA, rati, krodha, utsAha Adi sthAyI bhAvoke atirika kitane

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50 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana hI choTe-choTe bhAva aura vibhinna mAnasika dazAokA citraNa zreSTha kavine kiyA hai| isa kAraNa isameM mahAkAvyatvakI apekSA nATakatva adhika hai| sudarzanake svabhAvame vaiyaktika vizeSatA hai, yaha dhIra prazAnta nAyaka hai, svabhAvataH zAnta aura apanI pratibhApara aTala hai, ise koI bhI pralomana pathabhraSTa nahIM kara sakatA hai| kaJcana aura kAminI jinase saMsArakai dane-gine vyakti hI apaneko vilaga rakha pAte haiM, se sudarzana nilti hai| rasa aura zailIkI dRSTise bhI yaha mahAkAvya hai, nAyakakai nAmapara isakA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai| dRzya-yojanA, vastu-vyApAra-varNana aura paristhiti-nirmANakI yojanA kavine yathAsthAna kI hai| varNanoMmeM nAmokI bharamAra nahIM hai, kintu vastuke guNokA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| TegI bhASA aura purAnI hindIke pazcAt kaI mahAkAvya pracalita hindI bhApAma bhI likhe gaye / yadyapi solahavI gatIke anantara mahAkAvya likhanekI paripATI uTatI gayI, phira bhI purANa sAhityako kAvyakA viSaya banAneke kAraNa mahAkAvya racanekI paramparA bhINa sparma calatI rahI / prakaraNavaza rAjasthAnI aura vrajabhApAke katipaya jaina mahAkAvyoMkA AlocanAtmaka paricaya denA aprAsagika na hogaa| yaha saphala mahAkAvya hai, pUrvokta sabhI mahAkAvyake lakSaNa isameM vartamAna haiM / isakI kathA bar3I hI rocaka aura Atmapopaka hai| kisa prakAra pAzryapurANa . cairakI paramparA prANIke aneka janma-janmAntarotaka ' calatI rahatI hai, yaha isame bar3I hI khUbIke sAtha batalAyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha tIrthakara honeke nau bhavapUrva podanapura nagarake rAjA aravindake mantrI vizvabhUtike putra the| usa samaya inakA nAma marubhUti aura inake bhAIkA nAma kamaTha thaa| vizvabhUtike dIkSA leneke anantara donA bhAI rAjAkai mantrI hue / ava rAjA aravinTane vanakIrtipara caDhAI kI to kumAra marubhUti inake sAtha yuddha-kSetrame gyaa| kamaThane rAjadhAnIma aneka utpAta macAye aura apane choTe bhAIkI palIke sAtha

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya durAcAra kiyA / jaba rAjA zatruko parAstakara rAjadhAnIme AyA to kamaThake kukRtyakI bAta sunakara use baDA duHkha huaa| kamaThakA kAlA muMhakara gadhepara car3hA sAre nagarame ghumAyA aura nagarakI sImAke bAhara kara diyaa| - AtmapratAr3anAse pIDita kamaTha bhUtAcala parvatapara jAkara tapakhiyoke sAtha ' rahane lagA / marubhUti kamaThake isa samAcArako pAkara bhUnacalpara gayA, para vahA~ duSTa kamaThane usakI hatyA kara dii| isake pazcAt ATha janmokI : kathA dI gayI hai, nauve janmame kAzIke vizvasena rAjAke yahA~ pArvanAthakA * janma hotA hai| yaha Ajanma brahmacArI rahakara Atma-sAdhanA karate hai, pUrvabhavakA sAthI kamaTha inakI tapasyAme nAnA vighna utpanna karatA hai, para ye avicalita rahakara Atma-sAdhanA karate hai| kaivalya-prAti ho jAnepara .. bhavya jIvoko upadeza dete hai aura sau varSako avasthAme nirvANa prApta karate hai| ___ kathAvastuse hI isakA mahAkAvyatva prakaTa hai| nAyaka pArzvanAthakA jIvana apane samayake samAjakA pratinidhitva karatA huA loka-magalakI __ ramAke lie baddha-parikara hai| kavine kathAme kramabaddhatA mahAkAvyatva kA pUrA nirvAha kiyA hai| mAnavatA aura yuga-bhAvanAkA prAdhAnya sarvatra hai / paristhiti-nirmANameM pUrvake nau bhavokI kathA jor3akara kavine pUrI saphalatA prApta kI hai| jIvanakA itanA sarvAnINa aura svatya vivecana ekAdha mahAkAvyameM hI milegaa| yaha jIvanakA kAvya hai| isameM eka vyaktikA jIvana aneka avasthAo . aura vyaktiyoke bIca aMkita hai / ataH isameM mAnava rAga-dveSokI krIr3Ake lie vistRta kSetra hai| manuSyakA mamatva apane parivArake sAtha kitanA adhika rahatA hai, yaha pArzvanAyake jIva marubhUtike caritrase spaSTa hai| jIvanakai Antarika darzanakA AbhAsa vRddha AnandakumArakI AtmakalyANakI chaTapaTAhaTameM kavine kitane sundara Dhagase diyA hai| kavi kahatA hai

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52 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana vAlaka kAyA kRpala loya / panna rUpa jIdhanameM hoya // pAko pAta jarA tana karai / kAla bayAri calata para jharai // marana divasako nema na koya / yAtai kachu sudhi para na loya // eka nema yaha to paramAna / janma dhare so marai nidAna / vastutaH uparyukta paktiyokA yathArtha citraNa atyanta ramaNIya hai| kavi kahatA hai ki kizorAvasthA kopalake tulya hai, isameM patra-rUpa yauvana avasthA hai| pattokA paka jAnA-jarA hai| mRtyu-rUpI vAyu isa pake paceko apane eka halke dhakkese hI girA detI hai| jaba jIvanameM mRtyu nizcita hai, to hame apanI mahAyAtrAke lie pahalese taiyArI karanI cAhiye / jIvanakA antardarzana jJAnadIpake dvArA hI ho sakatA hai, kintu isa jAnadIpameM taparUpI taila aura svAtmAnubhavarUpI battIkA rahanA anivArya hai jJAna dIpa tapa tela bhara, ghara zodhe zrama chora / yA vidhi bina nikasai nahIM, paiThe pUraba cora // -181 vastu-varNana, caritra-citraNa aura bhAva-vyaJjanA isa mahAkAvyame samanvita rUpame vartamAna hai| ghaTanA-vidhAna aura dRzya yojanAoko bhI kavine pUrA vistAra diyA hai| AdarzavAdakA mela kavitAkI samAjaniSTha paddhati aura prabandha-zailIse acchA huA hai| pAzrvanAthakA caritra hiMsApara ahiMsAkI vijaya hai / AmAkA pIyUpa krodha aura vairako sudhA banA detA hai, krodha aura utpAtake svarUpako badala detA hai| pratizodha aura vairakI bhAvanAkA anta ho jAtA hai / isapara kavi kahatA hai ityAdika utpAta saba, vRthA bhaye ati ghor| jaise mAnika dIpakauM, lagai na pavana zakora // prabhu cita calyo na tana hilyoM, TalyoM na dhIraja dhyAna / ina aparAdhI krodhavasa, karI vRthA nina hAna // 8 // 23, 25

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! purAtana kAvya - sAhitya hindI - jaina- khaNDakAvya khaNDakAvyame jIvana ke kisI khAsa pahalapara kavikI dRSTi kendrita rahatI hai / yadyapi ghaTanA- vidhAna, dRzya-yojanA aura paristhiti-nirmANakA bhI prayAsa khaNDakAvyake nirmAtAoko karanA paDatA hai, para jIvanake kisI khAsa aMgakI sImAmeM bAMdhakara / jaina sAhityakAroMne bhI hindI bhASAme aneka khaNDakAvyokI racanA kI hai| paristhiti nirmANameM inheM abhUtapUrva saphalatA isalie prApta huI hai ki jIvanake dvanDhomeM pravRttise haTakara nivRttikI ora le jAnA inakA vyeya thA / isa kAraNa jIvanakI marmasparzI ghaTanAoko ghaTita karAneke lie paristhitiyokA nirmANa sundara Dhagate huA hai / sasArakA koI bhI padArtha apanI sthitime nahI rahanA cAhatA hai, paristhitikI ora baDhatA hai, kyoki jar3a aura cetana sabhI prakAra ke padAthome parivartana aura gatikA honA anivArya hai| jaina hindI kaviyone syAdbAda darzanakI anubhUtise pratyeka padArthakI gati aura paristhitikA anubhava kara khaNDakAvyoMmeM ghaTanA-vidhAna itane sundara Dhagase ghaTita kiye haiM, jisase mAnava jIvanake rAga-virAga sahajahIme prakaTa ho jAte hai / 53 paJcamIcarita, nAgakumAracarita, yazodharacarita, neminAthacaupaI, bAhubalirAsa, gautamarAsa, kumArapAla - prativodha, jambUsvAmIrAsA, revatagirirAsA, saMghapati samarArAsa, aJjanA sundarIrAsa, dharmadattacarita, lalitAgacarita, kRpaNacarita, dhanyakumAracarita, jambUcarita Adi aneka jainakhaNDakAvya dezI bhASA, purAnI hindI aura paravatI hindIme vidyamAna hai / ina samI khaNDakAvyomeM ghaTanA-vaicitrya ke sAtha caritra-citraNa saphala huA hai / mAnava jIvanakI rAgAtmikA vRttike udghATanake sAtha zuddhAtmAnubhUtikI ora le jAnekI kSamatA ina sabhI khaNDakAvyo meM hai / nAyaka, rasa, baluvidhAna, alaMkAra-yojanA aura zailI Adi vibhinna dRSTikoNoMkI apekSAse ye sabhI khaNDakAvya saphala hai / yaha jaina kaviyoMkI pramukha vizeSatA hai ki ve purAtana kathAvastume navIna prANokI pratiSThA kara nUtana aura maulika

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54 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana ubhAvanAe~ karaneme saphala hue hai| paurANika kathAnakake honepara bhI vicAra nikhare aura puSTa hai / inase kuchakA vivaraNa nimna prakAra hai yaha kavi puSpadantakI amara kRti hai / isameM nau sandhiyA hai| paJcamI vratake upavAsakA phala prApta karanevAle nAgakumArakA carita varNita hai| nAgakumArake jIvanako prakAzameM lAne ke lie kavine nAgakumAracarita apanI kalpanAkA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai| yuddha aura saMgharSakI paristhitike kSaNAme honevAlI nAgakumArakI vilakSaNa manodazAkA kavine vaijJAnika udghATana kiyA hai| Ajakalake manovijJAnake siddhAnta bhale hI usame na ho, para saMgharSakI sthitima mAnavamana kisa prakAra byAkula rahatA hai tathA kalpanAke munahale paraoNpara baiTha nabhomaNDalameM kitanI dUra taka vicaraNa kara sakatA hai, kA AbhAsa sahajameM hI mila jAtA hai / isa khaNDakAvyameM vastuvarNanakA kauzala aura prabandhakI paTutAkA advitIya mizraNa hai| kavi nAgakumArako banarAnake dvArA dekhe jAnekA varNana karatA huA kahatA hai jahiM kANaNate ThAgohatara, tahi hu~taTa pallariTa savaru / / diTa paramesaru kusuma sara, AvAsiTa saNaru jaNatiharu / / Aela purinu pariyANiyaDa, mizcahiM jAipi pariyANiyaTa // taM diTu jayaMdhara NivataNata, asakeTa deTa kiM so maNaDa / pucchiTa kAma kiM AiaDa, ko tuhuM viNaeNa viraaiyu|| kavi puSpadantakA dezI bhASAmeM nAgakumAra caritake samAna yaha bhI munTara khaNDakAvya hai| isameM yazovara rAjAkA caritra kaNita hai / kavine janatAkI bhAvanAkA citraNa yazodharake caritrameM kiyA " hai| bIra-gAthAkAlIna racanA honeke kAraNa zakti aura zauryakA pradarzana adhika kiyA gayA hai| isa kAyama mUrta jIvanameM amUrtako, syUla zarIrameM sUkSmako aura kSaNa-maMgura saMsArame nitya aura amaratatvako abhivyajita karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| laukika premakI vibhinna

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya avasthAoMkA udghATana jIvanakai vibhinna citro dvArA kiyA hai / varNana aura dRzya-yojanA bhI sundara bana paDI hai| dharmasUri viracita 13 vI zatIkA yaha khaNDakAvya hai| isame bhagavAn mahAvIrake samakAlIna jambUsvAmIkA caritrAkana kiyA hai| yaha gRhastha ... avasthAmeM hI apane buddhi-kauzala aura vIratvake lie jambUsvAmIrAsA " prasiddha the| magadhasamrAT vimbasArake AdezAnusAra inhone parvatIya zatruko parAstakara gaurava prApta kiyA aura antama bhagavAn mahAvIrake saMghame dIkSita ho tapasyA kI aura nivAMNa-pada paayaa| kavine isameM gAIsthya jIvanakA sundara citraNa kiyA hai| dAmpatyako maryAdAme baddha kara zRGgArika jIvana AdhyAtmika jIvanapara kisa prakAra chA jAtA hai, isakA digdarzana karAyA hai| __ dapoMktiyoM vIra rasake poSaNameM kahA~ taka sahAyaka haiM, yaha parvatIya rAjAke dapase spaSTa hai / Atma-vizvAsa aura Atma-gauravakI bhAvanAkA jambUsvAmIme akanakara unake pratinAyaka parvatIya rAjAke vicArokA kaccA ciTThA sundara Dhagase dikhalAyA hai| rasa, nAyaka, dRzyavidhAna, ghaTanA-vaicitrya AdikI dRSTise yaha khaNDakAvya hai, para savAdoMkA amAva aura kathAvastukI zithilatA isake saundaryako vikRta karaneme sahAyaka haiN| sabhI rAsA grantha eka hI zailIpara likhe gaye hai| inameM se adhikAza khaNDakAvyoMmeM kAvyatva alpa aura paurANikatA adhika hai| dharmavArtA anya sA honeke kAraNa sundara nIti aura vizvopakArakI bhAvanA - antarhita hai| ina granthoke racayitAone dhArmika AsthAko khulakhulaneke lie sudRDha aura saumya dRSTAntoko prastuta kiyA hai| mAnavako indriya aura manakI dAsatAse chur3Akara atIndriya AnandakI caurasa bhUmimeM la upasthita kiyA hai| rAsA granthoMme prema aura virahake citrokA bhI amAva nahIM hai| vedanAkI agnime tapAkara AdhyAtmika rasAnubhUtikI tIvratA dikhalAyI hai / vIra rasakA citraNa to ina kAvyome

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana saphala huA hai| kintu zAntarasa nirupaNakara sabhI rAsa paryavasAnako prApta hue hai / jIvanake AvaraNamaM chupe cirantana rAga-dvepokA jisa kaviko jitanA gaharA parijJAna hogA, vaha utanA hI saphala khaNDakAvya likha skegaa| jaina kaviyoMmeM yaha parakha-vidyamAna thI, nisase ve rAga-ddhapakA pariSkAra karanevAlI vairAgyaprada paristhitiyokA nirmANakara kAvyajagatma saphala hue / jIvanake kriyA-vyApAroMkA saMcAlana rAsagranthoMke racayitAAma vidyamAna thA, jisase ve ghaTanA-vidhAnamaM adhika saphala ho sake haiN| __ananAsundarI rAsAma ajanAke virahakA aisA munTara citraNa kiyA gayA hai, jisase virahiNIke jIvanakI samasta paristhitiyAMkA citra sAmane prannuta ho jAtA hai| saMskRta sAhityama virahakI jina dasa dazAokA nitpaNa kiyA gayA hai, ve sabhI aMjanAke jIvanameM vidyamAna haiN| virahama priyase milanekI utkaThA, cintA athavA priyatamake iSTa-aniSTakI cintA, smRti, guNakathana Adi samI naisargika Dhagase dikhalAye gaye hai| virahiNI ajanAke jIvaname kavine sahAnubhUtikI bhI kamI nahIM dikhalAyI hai| pati-dvArA akAraNa tiraskRta honese ajanAke manama atyanta gvyAni hai, vaha apane sukhI bAlyakAlakI smRtikA patike prathama sAkSAtkArakI madhura smRtike anubhava dvArA apane duHkha-saMkaTake samayako prasannatApUrvaka vitA detI hai| bhagavadbhakti aura sadAcAra hI usake jIvanakA AdhAra hai / vaha eka kSaNa bhI adhArmika jIvana vitAnA pApa samajhatI hai| patika itane bar3e anyAyako bhI prasannatApUrvaka sahana karatI huI, apane bhAgyako kosatI hai / aMjanAmeM apUrva zAlInatA hai, pAtivratakI jyoti prabhAmaNDala banakara ume Alokita kara rahI hai| ___ aMjanAko galataphahamIke kAraNa usakI sAsa garbhAvasthAma barase nikAla detI hai / usa samayakI usakI karuNa avasthAko dekhakara niSTuratA bhI sTana kiye vinA nahIM raha sakatI hai| yaha eka sarasa khaNDa kAvya hai| yadyapi isakI bhASA para gujarAtIkA pUrNa prabhAva hai, to bhI rasa-paripAkama

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya mI nahI AyI hai| isake racayitA kavi mahAnanda hai / vasantakA citraNa karatA huA kavi kahatA hai madhukara karaI guMjArava mAra vikAra vahati / koyala karaI paTahUr3A ikaTThA melavA kanta // malayAcala thI calakirA pulakiDa pavana pracaNDa | madana mahAnRpa pAjhas virahIniM sira daMDa // 17 'ghusItA satu' kavi bhagavatIdAsakA eka sundara khaNDakAvya hai / isame kavine sItAke satItvakI jhaoNkI dikhAyI hai| bAraha mAsImaM mandodarI - sItAke praznottarake rupame rAvaNa aura mandodarIkI cittavRttikA nundara vilepaNa kiyA gayA hai / mAnasika ghAta-pratighAtAMkI tasvIra kitanI caturAIse khIMcI gayI hai, yaha nimna udAharaNase spaSTa hai taba bolai mandodarI rAnI / sakhi apAda ghanaghaTa ghaharAnI // pIya gaye te phira ghara bhavA / pAmara nara nita maMdira chAyA // lavahi papIhe dAdura morA / hiyarA umaga dharata nahiM dhIrA // bAdara umahi rahe caupAsA / tiya piya vinu lihiM uruna usAsA / nanhI vRnda jharata jhara lAvA / pAvasa nabha Agasu darasAvA // dAmini damakata nizi adhiyArI / virahini kAma vAna urmaarii| bhugavahi bhogu sunahi sikha morI / jAnati kAhe bhaI mati caurI // madana rasAyanu hui jaga sArU / saMjama nemu kathana vivahArU // jaba laga haMsa zarIra mahiM, taba laga kIcar3a bhogu / rAja tajahiM bhikSA bhamahiM, iTha bhUlA sabu lonu // kavivara brahmagulArane 17vI chAtIme isa kAvyava racanA kI hai| isakI kathAvastu rocaka au kRpaNajagAvana kAvya sarasa hai / rAjagRha nagaramaM vasumati rAjA gAsana karatA thA / mI nagara

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58 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana zreSThaputrI kSayaMkarI rahatI thii| rAjAne munirAjase bhayaMkarokI bhavAvalI pUchI / muni kahane lage yaha pahale bhavama unake seTha dhavalakrI patnI thI, isakA nAma malli devI thaa| unake rAjA padmanAthane aSTAlikA parvakA utsava sAmUhika spase manAyA, dhavala seTha bhI isameM zAmila huA, para malli seThAnIko yaha nahIM rucaa| pUjAke lie sAmagrI aura pakavAna banavAye avazya, kintu acchI vastue~ na lekara saDe gale sAmAnase sAmagriyoM taiyAra kI, jisase muniyoMko AhAra nahIM diyA jA skaa| mallikI bhAvanAe~ sadA kalupita rahatI thI; dAna dharmame eka kAnI kaur3I bhI kharca karanemeM usake prANa sUkhate the; isa kAraNa patise nirantara saMgharSa hotA rahatA thaa| isa kaMjUsIke pariNAmasvarUpa hI vaha kuSTha rogase pIr3ita ho gyii| munirAja Age bole-striyA~ hI loma nahIM karatI, puruSa bhI paramalomI hote haiM / vaha kahane lage ki kuNDarUnagaramai lobhaTatta seTha rahatA thA, kamalA aura lacchA usakI udAramanA paliyA~ thIM, donoM striyoMmeM atyanta sneha thA / seTha bahuta hI lobhI thA, jaba kahI vaha jAnA to apane bhaNDAra-gharakA tAla banda kara jaataa| ____eka dina do cAraNamuni saubhAgyase vahA~ Aye, unake vahA~ utarate hI dvAra khula gyaa| munirAnoMko AhAradAna denese unheM AkAzagAminI aura vandhamocanI vidyAe~ siddha ho gyii| ataH seThake gharase bAhara jAnepara ve dono apanI vidyAoM ke prabhAvase tIrthATana karane lgii| eka dina par3osina sTakara AyI aura chipakara unake vimAnameM baiTha gayI, dono seThAniyoM ke sAtha usane sahannakUTa caityAlayake darzana kiye aura vahA~se mUlyavAna ratna le aayii| saMyogakI bAta ve zrImatI ratna lomadatta seThake hAtha yece / ranoMke sauMdarya aura guNoMpara mugdha hokara ne usase kahane lagA, 'tU jahA~se ina ratnoMko lAyI hai, usakI khAna batalA deN| lobhame Akara paDosinane seThako vimAnama chupAkara baiThA diyA / raladvIpase leTate samaya

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saNDakAvyarata purAtana kAvya-sAhitya mArgame aksmAt vaha vimAna phaTa gayA aura seThakI mRtyu ho gyii| teThAniyAne saMsArake svalpakA vicArakara dhairya dhAraNa kiyA aura antama samAdhipUrvaka prANa-visarjana karaneke kAraNa deva huii| munirAjake upadezase ayakarIko virakti ho gayI aura usane tapasyAdvArA prANa visarjanakara deva-paryAya prApta kii| yadyapi isame khaMDakAvyake aneka kSaNa nahIM bhI pAye jAte hai, phira mI jIvanako prabhAvita karanevAlI ghaTanAmeM sArvajanIna citraNa hai / isakA - nAyaka dhavalaseTha aura nAyikA mallidevI hai| nAyaka khaNDakAnyava sAttvika prakRtikA hai aura nAyikA tAmasI prakRtikI, isame lomakI parAkASThA hai / mallikI AdhikArika kathAvastu hai aura lomadatta seThako kathA prAsaMgika hai| dono kathAoMma anviti hai| lebhIkI sUkSma mAnasika dazAokA citraNa karanema kaviko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| ___ kharI AlocanAkI dRSTise vaha saphala khaMDakAvya nahIM bhI ThaharatA hai, para jIvanake katipaya tattvokA vivecana aiza mArmika huA hai, jisase ise saphala khaMDakAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| pAzcAtya samIkSA paddhatimeM nAyakakA varga aura jAtikA pratinidhi honA tathA paristhitiyoMkA aisA nirmANa rahe, jisane nAyaka apanA vistAra kara sake aura usake caritrakA darzana samI kara sake khaMDakAvyakA viSaya hai| vastu, saMvAda Adi bhI isake saphala haiN| kavi manarAlAla viracita yaha eka khaNDakAvya hai| isakI bhASA milA kannaujIse prabhAvita khar3I bolI hai| bhagavAn neminAtha kA carita kaviyoMke lie adhika AkarSaka rahA hai, ataeva apabhraMza aura hindIma aneka racanAe~ kAvyalpameM likhI gayI haiN| jambUdvIpake bharatakSetrake antargata saurASTra dezame dvArAvatI nagarI thii| isa nagarIma rAjA samudravinaya rAjya karate the| ye bar3e dharmAtmA parAnma zAlI aura zUravIra the| inakI rAnIkA nAma zivadevI thaa| inake putrakA nAma nemikumAra rakhA gayA / kathAvasta

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hindI-jaina sAhitya parizIlana nemikumAra bacapanase hI honahAra, dharmAtmA aura parAkramagAlI the| inhIke vaMzaja kRSNa aura balabhadra the / kRSNane apane bhujavala dvArA kaMsa, jarAsaMgha jaise durdamanIya rAjAokA bhaNabharame sahAra kara diyA thaa| inakI solaha hajAra rAniyA~ thI, jinameM ATha rAniyaoN pathamahipIke paTapara pratiSThita thI / eka samaya nemikumArake parAkramako sunakara kRSNake maname IryA utpanna huI tathA inhoMne unakI zaktikI parIkSAke lie unako apanI sabhAma Amantrita kiyA / nemikumAra yathAsamaya kRSNakI sabhAmaM upasthita hue aura apanI kaniSTha aMgulIpara janIra DAlakara kRSNa Adiko jhulA diyA, kRSNako inake isa adbhuta parAkramako dekhakara mahAn Azcarya huaa| phalataH unhone apanI paTarAniyoko nemisvAmIke pAsa bhejA / rAniyone cAro orase nemikumArako ghera liyA ora adhika anurodha karanepara vivAha karanekI svIkRti prApta kara lii| kRSNane nemikumArakA vivAha zUnAgar3hake rAjA ugrasenakI kanyA rAjulamatIse nizcita karAyA | vahaoNpara inhoMne apanI kUTanItise pazuoko pahalese kaida karavA diyA / jisase agavAnIke pazcAt TIkAko jAte samaya pazuokI cItkAra nemisvAmIko sunAI dii| pazuoke isa karuNakrandanako sunakara nemikumArako sasArakI sArahInatAkA anubhava huA aura unhe viSaya-kapAyose virakti ho gyii| pazuoMko bandIgRhase muktakara nemikumAra barake vastrAbhUpaNoko utAra digambara dIkSA le giranAra parvatapara tapasyA karane cale gye| eka kSaNa pahale jo harSa aura ullAsa dikhalAyI par3a rahA thA, vivAhakI madhura sahanAI baja rahI thI; dUsare hI kSaNa yaha hapaMkA vAtAvaraNa zoko pariNata ho gayA / sahanAI banda ho gyii| varake vinA vivAha kiye cale jAnese antaHpurameM ronA-dhonA zurU ho gyaa| mahArAja ugrasena cintAmana ho gye| rAjulamatIko jaba yaha samAcAra milA to vaha mUrchita ho pRthvIpara gira paDI / prayatna karanepara jaba use hoza AyA to vaha vilApa karane lgii| mAtA-pitAne rAjulamatIko anya varake sAtha vivAha karaneke lie

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya bahuta jora diyA, para usane kahA- "bhAratIya ramaNI ekabAra jise AtmasamarpaNa kara detI hai, phira vahI sadAke lie usakA apanA ho jAtA hai / bhale hI logoke dikhAve ke lie vivAhakI rasma pUrI na huI ho / svAmI tapa karane cale gaye, maiM bhI unhIke mArgakA anusaraNa karu~gI / " itanA kahakara rAjula bhI tapasyA karane giranAra parvatapara calI gayI / 61 isa kAvyame zAntarasa, vAtsalyarasa, karuNarasa aura vipralambha zRMgArakA sundara paripAka huA hai| sImita maryAdAme svastha vAtAvaraNako upasthita karanevAlA vipralambhazRGgAra vizeSarUpase rAjulake vilApa varNaname AyA hai / karuNarasake varNanameM zabda svayaM karuNAkA mUrttimAna rUpa lekara prastuta hue haiM / kaviko isa rasarka paripAkame acchI saphalatA milI hai / mAnavakI rAga-bhAvanAokA citra prastuta karaneme kuzala citrakArakA kArya kavine kara dikhalAyA hai / alaMkArome anuprAsa, yamaka, utprekSA, rUpaka, upamA aura atizayoktikA samAveza sarvatra hai / chandoMme dohA, caupAI, bhujagaprayAta, nArAca, soraThA, aDila, gItA, chappaya, troTaka, paharI Adi chandoMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / gaNadoSa, paTadoSa, vAkyadoSa aura yatibhaga AdikA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai / komalakAntapadAvalIyukta bhASA apUrva vikAsako liye hue hai| isa kAvyakA sandeza yaha hai ki pratyeka vyaktiko jIvaname janasevAko apanAnA cAhie | isake lie parizramI, adhyavasAyI, karmaTha, cAritravAn, AtmazodhI, udAra aura paropakArI bananA Avazyaka hai / niSkriya aura akarmaNya vyakti sasArame kucha bhI nahIM kara pAtA hai / hisAse hisAkI Aga nahIM bujhAI jA sakatI hai, ghRNAse ghRNAkA anta nahI ho sakatA hai / prema, kSamA, ahiMsA, sahAnubhUti aura AtmasamarpaNa-dvArA hI zAntikI sthApanA kI jA sakatI hai| kavine isameM nemikumArake usa jIvana-aMzako dikhalAyA hai, jisakA

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya- parizIlana anukaraNa kara samAja, deza aura jAtikI bhalAI kI jA rAkatI hai| paropakAra yA sevA karaneke pahale apanA Atmazodhana karanA Avazyaka hai, jisase sevaka apane sevAkAryase cyuta na ho sake / 62 carita aura kathA kAvya atirikta kucha adhika hai / hindI jaina sAhityame mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvyoMke kAvyagrantha aise bhI haiM, jinameM kAvyatva alpa aura caritra dharmopadeza deneke lie tIrthakaro yA anya puruSoMke caritra likhe gaye hai / kucha aisI kathAe~ bhI padyavaddha hai, jo pratokI mahimA prakaTa karaneke lie likhI gaI hai| apabhraMza bhASAme 10-15 carita grantha, 2 bar3e-baDe kathAko eva 30-35 choTI-choTI kathAe~ Aja bhI upalabdha hai| isI prakAra hindIme lagabhaga 100 carita gratha aura 200 kathAeN upalabdha haiM / ina kathAome caritra-citraNake sAtha Ananda aura viSAdakA apUrva mizraNa vidyamAna hai / kAvya ke mUla Alambana rAga-dvepake vibhinna rUpAntara ina kathAoM aura caritakAvyome pAye jAte hai / jIvaname pAye jAnevAle bhAvokA caritra-kAvyome yatheSTa samAveza huA hai / caritome bhinna-bhinna pAtroMkI bhinna-bhinna prakRtiyoMkI sUkSmatA dikhalAyI gayI hai / sAskRtika vizeSatAe~ to ina granthoMmeM vigeparUpase upalabdha hai / ye carigraMtha aura kathAgraMtha rocaka honeke sAtha ahisA saskRtikai vizAla bhavanakI oNkiyoM sAmane prastuta karate hai / pAThaka inake adhyayana aura svAdhyAyase kucha samaya ke lie sAsArika vipamatAoko bhUla jAtA hai, usake sAmane AdarzakA eka aisA manorama citra khica jAtA hai, jisase vaha apanI kutsita vRttiyoko pariSkRta karane ke lie sakalpa kara letA hai| yadyapi apanI mAnavIya kamajorIke kAraNa pAThaka thor3e samaya ke pazcAt hI apane sakalpako bhUla jAtA hai aura punaH vipaya-kapAyome Asakta ho pUrvavat AcaraNa karane lagatA hai, to bhI sat saskArokA nirmANa hotA hI hai / ina granthoMme strI-purupokI naisargika vizeSatAe~ bhI dikhalAI paDatI

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya haiM / ghaTanAokI kuzala saMghaTanakI ora pratyeka lekhaka bahuta sAvadhAna rahA hai, jisase caritIme raMjana-zaktikI bhI kamI nahIM Ane pAyI hai| jIvana aura jagatkI lokarajanakAriNI amivyaJjanA karanemeM kathAkAvyake nirmAtAoko paryApta saphalatA milI hai| inhone bhAvonmepa aura mAnava-manaraMjinI zaktikI abhivyakti itanI caturAIse kI hai, jisase rasodrekame tanika bhI kamI nahIM Ane pAyI hai| vastu aura uddezyakI dRSTise ina granthome zAntarasa pradhAna hai parantu isake eka ora karuNa aura dUsarI ora vIrarasakI dhArA bhI kala-kala ninAda karatI huI abAdha gatise bahatI hai| kahIM-kahIM vipralambha zRgAra bhI prabala vegake sAtha kagAra toDatA huA-sA dRSTigocara hotA hai, parantu zAntarasake sAmane use bhI hArakara sira jhukA lenA par3atA hai| vyaga, vinoTa aura hAsyakI bhI kamI ina granyome nahI hai| sAmantakAlIna antaHpurokI vilAsitAkA citraNa bhI kaviyone viSayakaSAyoke tyAgake lie hI kiyA hai| Adise anta taka svastha bauddhika dRSTikoNa (Intellectual vision) upasthita kiyA gayA hai| nissaga sarovarame majana karane ke lie ramaNiyoke vilAsa vaibhavakA atireka prastuta kiyA gayA hai / jhUThA Adarza jIvana ke lie magalapada nahIM ho sakatA, yaha carita-kAvyoMse spaSTa hai / jaina kaviyone bhAvoMkI atala gaharAIme utarakara ina caritoMme bhI amUrta bhAvanAoko mUrtarUpa pradAna karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai / pAThakoko jijJAsAko uttarottara tIvra karaneke lie kathAoMko gatizIlatA dI gayI hai| ataH ye kathAe~ vrata yA caritra pAlaneke lie bhAvotejaka (thought Provocation) hai| kAvyakI dRSTi se inameM kavitA alaMkRta nahI kI gayI hai| zabdacayana aura vAlyayojanA bhI camatkArapUrNa Dhagase nahIM huI hai tathA mahAkAvya yA khaNDakAvyakai vidhAnakA anusaraNa mI inameM nahIM huA hai| isI kamIke

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64 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kAraNa inako pRthak kAvyakoTimeM rakhA jA rahA hai| carita aura kathAatha itane adhika hai, ki inakA anuzIlanAtmaka paricaya denA asabhava-sA hai / ataeva isa prakaraNameM kevala tIna-cAra prayoMke anuzIlana dekara hI isa koTike kAvyoM se paricita karAnekA prayAsa kiyA jAyagA | isa caritAtmaka vizAla sAhityakA parizIlana svaya eka vRhad atha vana sakatA hai| yaha sundara carita-kAvya hai| isameM ganasiMha guNamAlakA prAcIna AkhyAna diyA gayA hai / prasaMgavaza kavine apane samayake samAja, sampradAya gajasiMha-guNamAla ....... aura rAjyakA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki "" gorakhapurI nagarIma arimardana nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thA, isakI kanakAvatI nAmakI rAnIkI kokhase gajasiha nAmake rAjakumArakA janma huA thaa| ganasiMhake vivAhake anatara rAjA-rAnI apane putrako rAjyabhAra sauMpa svaya cAritra pAlane ke lie vanavAsI ho gye| isI gorakhapurIma eka seThakI kanyA guNamAlake spa saundaryapara mugdha hokara gajasiMhane usake sAtha vivAha kiyA thaa| kAraNavaza gajasiMha guNamAlase sTha gayA aura guNamAlA akelI rahane lgii| eka vidyAdharane use zIladharmase cyuta karanA cAhA, parantu guNamAlA apane vratapara dRr3ha rahI / guNamAlAko zIlavatI jAnakara vidyAdharane aneka vidyAe~ use bheMTa kii| ava gajasiMha usase sazaka rahane lagA / vaha kisI purupakI talAgame rahA aura yantra-mantra ke cakkarame bahuta dinoM taka par3A rahA / usane devI, bhairava aura yakSako prasanna karaneke lie aneka yala kiye / usakI ima pravRttise eka tAntrika avadhUtane lAma uThAyA aura usane apane AdhIna kara liyaa| yogIne eka yoginI-dvArA guNamAlakI parIkSA kraayii| guNamAlA zIlaziromaNi thI, usake Age kisIkI kucha bhI na clii| 1. yaha anya aprakAzita hai| prati prAptisthAna-jainasiddhAntabhavana, bhaaraa|

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya kucha samaya bAda gajasiMha aura guNamAlAmeM punaH sandhi ho gayI aura dono AnandapUrvaka rahane lge| eka dina eka vidyAdharI gajasiMhako aura vidyAdharIkA pati guNamAlAko uThAkara le gyaa| donone donoko vAsanAnurakta banAneke asaphala prayala kiye| ve pati-patnI dono hI apane bhItvatameM dRDha rhe| unakI dRDhatAke kAraNa vidyAdhara-dampattikI vAsanA kAphUra ho gayI, aura ve sakaTa mukta ho punaH mile| kucha samaya pazcAt dampatine zrIsammeda zikharakI yAtrA kii| kAlantarameM inheM eka putra utpanna huaa| isa putrako ghor3epara caDhakara caugAna khelnekA bahuta zauka thaa| eka dina ratnazekhara munise isa rAjakumArane bhI svadArasantoSa aura parigrahaparimANa vrata grahaNa kiye / vidarbha nagarakI rAjakumArIse isakA vivAha huaa| antama gajasiha aura guNamAtmane dharmaghopa munise jinadIkSA lekara tapa kiyaa| ___ isa caritame mAnava-jIvanake gaga-virAgoMkA sundara citraNa huA hai| isame anurakta aura virakta yuvaka-yuvatiyoMkI manovRttikA bar3A hI sarasa aura hRdayagrAhya citraNa kiyA gayA hai / vaibhavakI apArarAzike bIca rahakara bhI vyakti kisa prakAra pralobhanoko ThukarAkara naitikatAkA paricaya de sakatA hai, yaha guNamAlAke caritase spaSTa hai / nArIkA sArA avasAda pAtivratase hI dUra ho sakatA hai, svara-laharIke prakampaname nArIkI Atmajyoti jAgrata hotI hai| mithyAvizvAsa aura ADambara jIvanako kitanA vikRta karate hai, yaha gajasiMhakI mantra-tantrako sAdhanAse spaSTa hai / dRr3ha vizvAsakI vidyut bar3e-baDe sakaToke parvatoko cUra-cUra karanekI kSamatA rakhatI hai| nArI jIvaname labAkA AvaraNa magala-sUtra hai, isake phaTa jAnese vedanAkA jvAra davAye nahIM davatA, jIvana nArakIya bana jAtA hai| kavine vana, nadI, sandhyA aura upAkA bhI sarasa citraNa kiyA hai|

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hindI-jana-sAhitya parizIlana upamA, ubakSA, yamaka, rUpaka, anuprAsa aura udAharaNa alaMkAroMkI bharamAra hai| bhASA aura uniko alaMkRta banAnekI kavine pUrI ceSTA kI hai / zRMgAra, karuNa, vIra, bIbhatsa aura zAntarasakA paripAka yathAsthAna acchA huA hai / aneka sthAnoM meM kAvya-camatkAra bhI vidyamAna hai| isa caritake racayitA parimala kavi hai| isameM zrIpAla aura mainAsundarIkI prasiddha kathA likhI gayI hai| deza aura purIkA varNana vizada zrIpAlacarita spa ra spame kiyA gayA hai / jIvana-kathAko sIdhe aura sarala Dhagase vyakta kara kavine ghaTanAoMkI kramabaddhatAkA pUrA nirvAha kiyA hai| isameM dharma aura adharmakA saMgharSa, pApa aura puNyakA dvandU, hiMsA aura ahiMsAke ghAta-pratiSAta mArmika Dhagase vyakta kiye gaye hai| amimAna vyaktiko kitanA nIce girA detA hai, avivekase buddhikA sarvAbhAva kisa prakAra ho jAtA hai, yaha mainAsundarIke pitAkI haTagrAhitAse spaSTa hai| ___ohe aura caupAI chandameM hI yaha carita-grantha likhA gayA hai| prAsayojanAme kaviko acchI saphalatA milI hai| yatibhaMga yA chandomaMga kahIM bhI nahIM milegaa| geya chandakA prayoga karanese bhAvanAoko gatizIla banAnekA AyAsa prazasya hai| bhApAkI dRSTise isameM braja, avadhI, bundelakhaNDI aura mAravAr3IkA pUrA mizraNa hai| kahIMpara dInI, bInI; kahIM diyo, liyo, ajahU~ aura kahIM kahANe, suvAsaNi, sIsANa aura maz2e Adi zabdoMkA prayoga huA hai / tatsama zabda bahuna kama Aye hai| vAhana, kor3hI, paravINa Adi tadbhava zabdokA prayoga bahulatAse huA hai| varNanameM kavi yathAsthAna upadeza denese nahIM cUkA hai| dhavala seThako dhikkArate hue upadezaukI aDhI lagA dI hai|

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya isa caritake racayitA kavi hIrAlAla hai| isameM kAvya-camatkAra vidyamAna hai| veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn candrapramakI jIvana-gAthA isameM ra varNita kI gayI hai| isa caritame 17 sandhiyA~ haiN| Arambhame zrotA, vaktA, namaskAra aura triloka varNanako vistAra deneke kAraNa kathAkA Aramma bahuta dUra jAkara kiyA gayA hai| jo vyakti Arambhase hI kathA-jijJAsu hai, vaha isa varSanake par3hanese Uba-sA jAtA hai| ArambhameM cAra sandhiyoMmeM RSabhadevake caritakA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| paoNcavI sandhise dasavIM sandhitaka padmanAbhake bhavAntaroMkA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra dasa sandhiyo taka carita-nAyakake jIvanake sambandhameM kucha bhI prApta nahIM ho pAtA hai| gyArahavI sandhime bhagavAn candrapramakA garbhAvatAra dikhalAyA gayA hai| bhava-bhavAntarokI prAsaMgika kathAoko kavine itanA rocaka banAyA hai, jisase jijJAsu pAThakoMkA mana avatA nahIM hai| ye kathAe~ AdhikArika kathAse juTI huI haiM, samasta jharane eka hI sAtha mandAkinIkA rUpa dhara gyArahavI sandhimeM upasthita ho jAte hai| ___ bhagavAn candraprabha kAzIke nRpati mahAsenakI paTTarAnI lakSmaNAke garbhase utpanna hue| nagarIke saundarya aura vanavibhUtike citraName kavine apanA pUrA upayoga lagAyA hai| vanavarNanameM kitane hI prasiddha, aprasiddha meve aura phaloke nAma ginAye hai| udAharaNArtha eka padya uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai kamarakha karapaTa kaira kaitha kaTahara kiramArA / kerA kauca kasera kaMja kaMkola kavhArA khiranI khaira khajUra khiraharI khArakha khenara / gauMdI gaurakha pAna guMja gUlara gujha gojhara // bArahavI sandhime bhagavAnkI bAlalIlAokA bar3A hI sarasa citraNa kiyA hai| unakI veSabhUSA, anupama zaurya-parAkrama, jJAna evaM anya kA~kA

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana citraNa kiyA gayA hai| terahavI sandhime sasArake svArtha, rAga, dveSa aura kSaNabhagura rUpako dekha candrapramakI viraktikA varNana kiyA hai| ve sasArakI vastusthitikA nAnA prakArase vicAra karate haiN| zarIra, dhana-vaibhava jo eka kSaNa pahale Akarpaka mAlama par3ate the, ve bhI virakta ho jAnepara kATaneko dauDate haiM / kavine isa sthalapara mAnavIya bhAvanAose Aropita prakRtike bIbhatsa rUpakA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| caudahavIM sandhime kevalajJAna prAptakara bhagavAnne sasArase tata aura mArgabhraSTa prANiyoMko kalyANakA mArga batalAyA hai / isa prakaraName AtmAhI paramAtmA hai, yahI kartA, bhoktA aura apane utthAna-patanakA uttaradAyI hai, Adi batalAyA gayA hai / pandrahavIM sandhime jJAnakA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai aura solahavI sandhime candraprama svAmIkA mokSagamana tathA satrahavImeM kavine Atmaparicaya likhA hai| varNanazailIme pravAha hai, bhASA sAnuprAsa hai / kavitAme tAla, svara aura aneka rAga-rAganiyokA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai| anuprAsa, yamaka, virodhAbhAsa, zleSa, udAharaNa, rUpaka, upamA, utprebhA aura atizayokti alaMkArakI yathAsthAna yojanA kI gayI hai / nimna padya darzanIya haiMkavala binA jala, jala bina saravara, saravara bina pura, pura bina rAya / rAya saciva bina, saciva binA budha, budha viveka bina zobha na pAya // isa prakAra bhAva, bhASA aura zailI AdikI rise yaha carita sundara kAvya hai| - isa caritake racayitA kavi navalazAha haiM / isame antima bamAnacarita tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIrakA jIvanacarita vistAra - pUrvaka varNita hai| isame solaha adhikAra haiN| ArambhameM vaktA, zrotA AdikA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| varddhamAna svAmIke pUrvabhavoMkA. varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki puSkalAvatI dezame puNDarIkiNI nagarIke vaname pururavA bhIla rahatA thaa| isane zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kiye,

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya : 69 vratoke pramAvase vaha marakara saudharma svargame deva huA aura vahaoNse cyuta hokara bharatacakravatIke marIcikumAra nAmakA putra huaa| bhagavAn AdinAyake sAtha marIcikumArane bhI jinadIkSA grahaNa kii| dIkSAse bhraSTa hokara inheM aneka yoniyome bhramaNa karanA pddaa| aneka janma dhAraNa * karaneke uparAnta yahI marIcikumArakA jIva kuNDalapura nagarame rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI priyakAriNIke varddhamAnakumAra nAmakA putra huaa| kumAra varddhamAnakI zUravIratA, jJAna eva divya tejase prabhAvita hokara hI logone inake nAma mahAvIra, sanmati eva vIra rakhe the| yaha Ajanma avivAhita rahe / 30 varSakI avasthAme samArase virakta ho tapa karane cale gaye aura Atmazodhana kara azAnta vizvako zAntikA upadeza diyA / ava mahAvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra bana gaye, inakA upadezAmRta pAna karaneke lie manuSya hI nahIM, pazu, pakSI, deva, dAnava sabhI Ate the / bhagavAn mahAvIrane samasta Aryadezeme vihArakara janatAko kartavyamArgakA upadeza diyaa| antameM mokSa lAma kiyaa| isa carita-kAvyame sabhI prasiddha chandokA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kavitA sAdhAraNataH acchI hai / siddhAnta aura AcArakI bAtoMkA nirUpaNa vaDe vistArake sAtha kiyA gayA hai| nakha-zikha varNanameM bhI kavi kisIse pIche nahIM hai| mahArAnI priyakAriNIke rUpa saundaryakA citraNa karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ambujasau juga pAya banai, nakha dekha nakhata bhayau bhaya bhaarii| nUpurakI jhanakAra sunai, haga zora bhayau dazahU diza maarii| kaMdala thaMbha vanai juga jaMdha, sucAla cale ganakI piya pyaarii| kSIna banau kaTi kehari sau, tana dAminI hoya rahI laja saarii|| nAmi nivauriyasI nikasI paDhahAvata peTa sukaMcana dhaarii| kAma kapiccha kiyau paTa antara, zIla sudhIra dharai avikArI //

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana bhUpana bAraha bhA~tinake aMta, kaNThamai jyoti se adhikArI / dekhata sUraja candra chipe, mukha dADima daMta mahAchavikArI // bhASA brana, mundelI aura khar3I bolIkA mizrita rUpa hai / upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, atizayokti alkAroMkA prayoga aneka sthalo para kiyA gayA hai| 70 17 vI zatI rAyamallake pradyumnacarita aura sudarzana carita, 19 vIM zatImeM jJAnavijayakA malyacarita, nathamala vitAlAke nAgakumAracarita aura jIvandhara carita; sevArAma ke hanumaccarita, zAntinAtha purANa aura bhaviSyadatta carita eva bhAramalake cArudattacarita aura samavyasanacarita carita-kAvya hai / kaviyone ina kAvyome mAnava jIvanakI sundara abhivyaMjanA kI hai| hindIke kathAkAvyomeM padyAtmaka do kathAsagraha bahuta prasiddha haiMArAdhanAkathAkoza aura puNyAsavakathAkoza | bhAramalakI kaI kathAe~ jo ki pravandhakAvyake rUpame likhI gayI haiM, bar3I hI rocaka aura hRdayasparzI haiN| zILakathA, darzanakathA, eva nizibhojanatyAga kathA to atyanta lokapriya hai / ArAdhanAkathAkozameM 129 kathAokA sagraha aura puNyAsavakathAkozame 56 kathAbhokA sagraha hai / mAnava vikAsake sAtha usakI icchAzakti aura jijJAsAvRtti bhI vikasita hotI hai / yahIM vRtti mAnavako kathA sunane aura kahane ke lie bAdhya karatI hai / kuzala kalAkAra kathAoMko bhI kAvyakA rUpa de dete haiM, ve inhe itanA rocaka aura sarasa banAte haiM jisase jJAnakI marubhUmiko pAra karate samaya pAThaka Uba na jAya aura vaha bIca-bIcame vRkSokI chAyAse AcchAdita sarovaroke nikaTa baiThakara zAnti lAbha kara sake / puNyAstava kathAkozakI kathAeN var3I hI rocaka, hRdayako chUnevAlI aura marma-vedanAko prakaTa karanevAlI haiN| lekhakane inase pApa-puNyake phalakA bhI vivecana kiyA hai / AjakalakI kahAnI ke samAna jIvana ke kisI

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purAtana kAvya-sAhitya eka ghaTanAko lekara hI ye kathAe~ nahI likhI gayI haiM, balki iname sarvAGgINa jIvanakA citrAkana saphalatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| isa kayAsaMgrahameM cArudatta, rAnA zreNika, seTha sudarzana, prabhAvatI, vajradanta, pUjAkA phala, navakAramantrakA phala Adi kathAe~ adhika marmasparzI hai| seTha sudarzanakI kathAko hI liijiye| nizcakita evaM zraddhAmaya bhAvanAse eka mantraka dRr3ha zraddhAnake phalase eka gvAlA bharakara zrISTiputra sundara kumAra hotA hai / usakA rUpa-lAvaNya itanA AkarSaka hai ki eka rAnI bhI usake caraNoMme gira paDatI hai aura rUpakI bhikSA maoNgatI hai| isa sthAnapara mAnavakI rAgAtmaka bhAvanAoMkA hRdaya-grAhya sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai| isa kathAme satsaMgati aura kusagatike phalakI bhI amivyananA kI gayI hai| tIna dinakI munisaMgatise eka gaNikA apane kRtyopara pacAttApa karatI huI anyAyopArjita dhanapara lAta mArakara AryikAkai vrata grahaNa kara letI hai aura antameM ucca pada pAtI hai| isa kathAme zubhAzubha karcavyake phalAphalakA sarasa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anya kathAe~ bhI AnandAnubhUti utpanna karanevAlI haiN| cArudacako kathA to itanI mArmika hai ki koI bhI prANI ise par3hakara do oNsU girAye vinA nahIM raha sktaa| isI prakAra avazeSa kathAe~ bhI rasa-sacAra karatI haiN| isa saMgrahakI varNanazailI manorama aura alaMkRta haiN| kAvyaka camatkArake sAtha saundaryAnubhUti isameM cAra cA~da lagAye hue hai| __jodharAja godIA viracita samyaktvakaumudIkI kathAe~ bhI bahI rocaka haiN| dohA, savaiyA, soraThA, chappaya, caupaI Adi chandoMme yaha kathAgrantha likhA gayA hai| jIvanakai vibhinna dhAta-pratighAtoMkA sundara vizlepaNa isa kAvya-granthameM kiyA hai| ghaTanA-nirmANa aura paristhitiyojanAkA sundara samAveza kiyA gayA hai| kavitA acchI hai / udAharaNake lie eka chappaya uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai

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73 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana tabahiM pAvaDhI dekhi cora bhUpati nija jAnyau / dekhi mudrikA cora tabai mantrI pahicAnyo / sUta janeU dekhi cora mohita hai bhaarii| paMcani lakhi viratAnta yahai manameM ju vicArI // bhUpati yaha mantrI sahita prohita yuta kADhI dayau / iha bhAti nyAva kari bhaliya vidhi dharma thApi jaga jasa layau // isa prakAra kathA-kAvya manorajanake sAtha Adarza prastuta karate hai, jisase koI bhI vyakti apane jIvanakA utkarSa kara sakatA hai|

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dvitIyAdhyAya hindI-jaina-gItikAvya aura usakI itara gItikAvyase tulanA kavitA jIvanakA antardarzana aura rAgAmikA abhivyakti hai| sukhaduHkhAnubhUti mAnavameM hI nahIM, pazu-pakSiyome bhI pAyI jAtI hai| vANI yA anya mAdhyamo dvArA manuSyane apanI anubhUtiyoMkI abhivyaktiko sthAyitva pradAna kiyA hai / gItikAvyoma bhAvanAkI anubhUti adhika gaharI hotI hai| milana-viraha, harpa-zoka aura Ananda-viSAdakA citra sImita rUpame geyatA-dvArA gItikAvyameM upasthita kiyA jAtA hai| isame chanda aura rAgavizeSa-dvArA AtmaniSThatA, AtmAnubhUti eva bhAva-prakAzana kiyA hai| hindI-jaina sAhityame gItikAnyakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| apabhraza bhASAme bhI jaina kaviyoMne aneka sarasa gIta likhe haiM, jinameM prema, viraha, vivAha, yuddha aura adhyAtma-bhAvanAkI abhivyaJjanA sundara huI hai / saMgIta aura layake sahAre ye gIta gAneke lie race gaye hai| paravartI hindI-jaina-sAhityameM lAvanI, bhajana, pada Adike rUpame vipula gItAtmaka sAhitya pAyA jAtA hai| viSayakI dRSTise adhyAtma, nIti, AcAra, vairAgya, bhakti, svakartavya-nirUpaNa, AtmatattvakI preyatA aura zRGgAra bhedome vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAyaH sabhI padome AsmAlocanake sAtha mana, zarIra aura indriyokI svAbhAvika pravRttikA nirUpaNa kara mAnavako sAvadhAna kiyA hai| gItikAvyakai nimna siddhAnto ke AdhArapara jainapardokA vizleSaNa kiyA jaaygaa| 1-sNgiitaatmktaa|

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana 2 - kisI eka bhAvanA yA kisI rAgAtmikA anubhUtikI kalApUrNa samanvita abhivyakti / 74 3 - Atmadarzana aura AtmaniSThA / 4 --- vaiyaktika anubhUtikI gaharAI / gIta yA paTo geyatAkA rahanA Avazyaka hai| isakA AdhAra zabda, artha, cetanA aura rasAtmakatA hai| zabda jahA~ pAThakako arthakI bhAva jaina padomeM saMgItAtmakatA bhUmipara le jAte haiM, vahA~ nAdake dvArA zravya mUrta vidhAna bhI karate hai / zabdoMkA mahattva unake dvArA prastuta mAnasika citra aura jJApita vastukai sAmaJjasyame hai / jisa vastuko carmacakSuose nahIM dekhA hai, usakA bhI kalpanA-dvArI mAnasa-cakSuoke sAmane aisA citra prasUta hotA hai, jo apane saundaryaka srotame mAnavake antasko DubA detA hai| jainapadome svAbhAvika gItadhArAkA akSuNNa pravAha hai, uname atalasparginI kSamatA hai / banArasIdAsa, daulatarAma, budhajana aura bhAgacandake padome mukta saMgItakI dhArA svacchanda aura nirvAdha rUpase pravAhita hai / yo to zra eSTha padokA saundarya sagItame nahIM, bhAvAtmakatAme hotA hai| akuza rUpaye rahanevAlA saMgIta saundaryakI vikRtime sAdhana banatA hai / saMgItakA anubandha rahanepara bhI jainapaDhome jo mArmikatA aura snehapicchala rasadhArA hai, usakA samAhita prabhAva mAnavIya vRttipara par3e binA nahI raha sakatA / prabhAtarAga, rAmakalI, lalita, bilAvala, alahiyA, AsAvarI, TorI sAraga, lUhari sAraMga, pUrvI ekatAla, kanar3I, Imana, jhaMjhoTI, khaMbhAca, kedAra, soraThA, bihAga, mAlakosa, paraja, kaliMgar3o, bhairavI, dhanAsarI, malhAra Adi rAga-rAganiyoM ina padomeM vyakta haiM / kavi daulatarAmake nimna padameM nATa saundaryake sAtha svara aura tAlakA samanvaya sagItake mUrtarUpako bhI mukharita karatA hai - cali sakhi dekhana nAbhirAyaghara nAcata harinaTavA // Teka // adbhuta tAla mAna zubhalaya yuta cavata rAgapaTavA // cali sakhi 0 // 1 //

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hindI-jaina-gItikAvya manimaya nUpurAdi bhUpanaduti, yava suraMga paTavA / harikara nakhana nakhana paisuratiya, paga pherata kTavA cali skhi0||2|| kinnara kara dhara vIna vajAvata, lAvata laya jhaTavA / daulata tAhi lakheM cakha tRpate, sUkSata ziSabaTavA cali skhi0||3|| kavivara budhajanane bhI vilAvala rAgako dhImI tAlapara kitane sundara Dhagase gAyA hai| isa padame mASAkI tar3aka-bhar3aka aura camaka damaka hI nahIM, kintu chanda aura lyakA sAmajasya mAnava antarrAgako uvuddha karanemeM samartha hai| sasArake vAhya rUpapara mugdha vyaktiko sajaga karaneke lie tathA vAsanAme phaMse vyaktiko sAvadhAna honeke lie kahA hai ki isa bhavako prAsakara kauDIke mola na bhaao| kavi kahatA hai narabhava pAya pheri dukha bharanA, aisA kAna na karanA ho |ttekaa nAhaka mamatAni pudalasauM, karama-jAla kyoM paranA hogttek|| yaha to naha jJAna bharUpI, tila-tupa jyoM guru varanA ho| rAga-dosa taji bhaji samatAko, karama sAthake haranA ho| narabhavaH ||ttekaa yo bhava pAya visaya-sukha senA, gaja cadi Idhana DhonA ho| 'budhajana' samukSi seya jinavara-pada, jyo bhava-sAgara varanA ho| nrbhv0|| sasArakI svArthaparatAse bhayabhIta hokara kavivara mAgacandane rAga vilAvalama saMgItakI tAna choDate hue antatamakI abhilASA abhivyakta kI hai| kavi kahatA hai ki sabhI purajana-parinana svArthake sAthI haiN| anta samaya koI kAma nahIM AtA; jisa prakAra hiraNa mRgamarIcikAke pralomanase AkRSTa hokara nAnA kaTa sahana karatA hai usI prakAra yaha jIva bhI sasAra rUpI vaname nirantara kapAya aura vAsanAoMse abhibhUta hokara bhaTakatA rahatA hai| garIramogose jabataka virakti nahIM hotI; zAnti nahIM milatI

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana sumara sadA mana AtamarAma, sumara sadA mana AtamarAma ||ttek|| svajana kuTumbI jana tU pope, tinako hoya sadaiva gulAma / so to haiM svArathake sAthI, antakAla nahiM Avata kAma // sumara sadA0 // 1 // jimi marIcikA mRga bhaTakai, parata so jaba prIpama atighAma / taise tU bhava mAhI bhaTakai, dharata na ika china hU visarAma / / sumara sadA // 2 // karata na glAni avai bhoganima, dharata na vItarAga parinAma / phiri kimi naraka mAhi dukha sahasI, naha sukhaleza na A jAma / / sumara0 // 3 // tAteM AkulatA aba tanika, thira hai baiTho apane dhAma / 'bhAgacanda' basi jJAna-nagarama, taji rAgAdika Thaga saba grAma // sumara sadA0 ||ttek| 'sumara sadA mana Atama rAma' meM kavine aneka azomai rekhAcitrakI bhaoNti katipaya zabdarekhAo-dvArA hI bhAvanAko abhivyaJjanA kI hai| sagItake mauna-saundaryake sAtha kala-kala dhvani karatI huI bhAvadhArA mAnavamanako svaccha karaneme kama sahAyaka nahIM hai| maiyA bhagavatIdAsake padome bhI sagItakA nikharA svarUpa milatA hai / rAga-rAganiyokA samanvaya bhI pratyeka padameM vidyamAna hai| zarIrako paradezIkA rUpaka dekara vAstavikatAkA pradarzana kisa mAdhuryake sAtha kiyA gayA hai, yaha dekhate hI banatA hai| kavine kuzala kalAkArakI taraha mInAkArI aura paJcIkArI kI hai ____ kahA paradezIko ptiyaaro| manamAne taba calai paMthako, sA~jha ginai na skaaro| sadhai kuTumba chA~da itahI puni, tyAga calai tana pyaaro||

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hindI-jaina-gItikAvya dUra dizAvara calata ApahI, kou na rokana haaro| koka prIti karo kina koTika, anta hoyago nyaaro|| dhana sau rAci dharama sau bhUlata, jhUlata moha mNjhaaro| ihi vidhi kAla ananta gamAyo, pAyo nahiM bhava paaro|| sA~ceM sukhasoM vimukha hota ho, bhrama madirA mtvaaro| cetahu ceta sunahu re bhaiyA, Apa hI Apa seNbhaaro|| jaina padoMmeM gItikAvyakI dUsarI vizeSatA AtmaniSThA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| antardarzana dvArA AtmaniSThAkI bhAvanA vaiyaktika sukha, duHkha, harSa, jaina-padoMmeM hai zoka, rAga, dveSa eva hAtya azruke gIta gAtI hai| ina padomeM Atma-bhAvanAkI abhivyaJjanA itanI prabala AtmaniSThA aura vaiyaktitA hai, jisase inakA AdhAra adhikaraNa-niSThatAko mAnA jA sakatA hai| kalpanAzIla bhAvuka kavi kevala vAhya vastuoMse hI prabhAvita nahIM hotA, kevala sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika kAraNa hI use kSubdha nahIM karate, balki vaha Antarika kAraNose bhI kSubdha aura pratADita hotA hai| jaina paTa racanevAle sabhI kaviyone apane antartamase preraNA prApta kI, ve vAhya saMsArase anAsakta hai / carma-cakSuoke sthAnapara unake mAnasa-cakSu udbuddha hai| unhone apanI bhAvanAoMko vizvajanIna banAneke lie vaiyaktika bhAva aura cetanAko Adarza eva bhAvAtmaka rUpa pradAna kiyA hai / Atma-cetanAkI jAgrati ina padoMkA prANa aura lyapUrNa bhASAmeM AtmAnubhUtikI abhivyakti inakA uddezya hai / kavivara vudhajanane nimnapadame kitanI gaharI AtmAnubhUtikA paricaya diyA hai, inakI antAlA dhU-dhUkara jala rahI hai| kavike Akula prANa zAntiprAsike lie chaTapaTA rahe hai, ataH kavi Atma-vibhora ho kahatA hai ho manA jI, thArI bAni, burI chai dukhadAI paTekA nija kArija ne na lAgata, parasau prIti lagAI // ho /

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78 hindI - jaina sAhitya- parizIlana yA subhAvasauM ati dukha pAyo, so aba tyAgo bhAI // ho0 // 2 // 'budhajana' osara bhAga na pAyo, sevo zrI jinarAI // ho0 // 3 // jahA~ hama kavi bhAgacandake paToMme antardahanake sAtha gAmbhIrya pAte haiN| vahA~ kavi banArasIdAsa ke padoke prabala vega, antaske zodhanakI kSamatA aura svastha vyajanA pAte hai / AdhyAtmika zAnti prApti ke lie kavi daulatarAmane komala-kAnta- padAvalIme apanI kamanIya anubhUtiyoM kI mArmika abhivyaJjanA kI hai / kavi antasmai gunagunAtA huA gA uThatA hai pArasa jina caraNa nirakha, harakha yo lahAyo, citavata candA cakora jyoM pramoda pAyo // jyoM suna ghanaghora zora, mora harpako na ora, raMka nidhi samAjarAja pAya mudita thAyo // pArasa 0 // jyoMjana thirakSudhita hoya, bhojana lakhi sukhita hoya, bhepana gadaharaNa pAya, saruja suharakhAyo // pArasa 0 // vAsara bhayo dhanya Aja, durita dUra pare bhAja, zAntadazA dekha mahA, mohatama palAyo // pArasa jina0 // bhAnana bhavakAnana ima, ziva 'sukha ' lalacAyo // pArasa jina0 // jAke guna jAnata jima, jAna 'daula' zarana Aya, ina paktiyoMmeM AtmanivedanakI bhAvanA tIvra aura gambhIra hai / prabhubhaktikA jalapravAha sArI cetanAoMko dho detA hai, jAnakA baoNdha TUTa jAtA hai aura prabala vegame jIvana pravAhita hone lagatA hai tathA apane ArAdhya ke nikaTa pahu~cakara zAntilAbha karatA hai / kavikI yaha anubhUti aindriyaka nahI, indriyAtIta hai / gItikAvyakA tIsarA tatva bhAva aura abhivyaJjanAke samanvayame anubhUtikI anviti hai / isake binA na to savedanazIlatA rahatI hai aura na usase uttejanA prApta hotI hai / jIvaname aise kama hI kSaNa Ate haiM, jaba

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hindI-jaina-gItikAvya mAnavakI vRtti antamukhI hotI hai| mAnasika pratikriyAe~ sAmAjika AdhAra rakhakara gatizIlatA grahaNa karatI haiM / sahasA samanvita dIta ho uThanevAle kSaNoMmeM savedanazIlatA gatimAna abhivyakti nahIM ho sakatI / jisa prakAra rekhAcitrame eka rekhAke abhAvameM citra adhUrA raha jAtA hai aura eka rekhA adhika honese citra vikRta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra anubhUtikI abhivyajanAme mI hInAdhikatA honepara vikRti AtI hai, ataH abhivya janAmeM atyanta sAvadhAnI rakhanI paDatI hai| jainapadome anumatikai saketoMkA santulana hai, ataH rUpahInatA athavA virUpatAke citroMkA prAyaH abhAva hai| kavivara banArasIdAsake nimna padame anubhUti aura saketoMkA santulana darzanIya hai cetana tU tihu~kAla akelaa| nadI nAva saMmoga milai jyoM, tyoM kuTumbakA melA // cetana0 // yaha saMsAra apAra rUpa saba, jyoM paTa pekhana khelaa| sukhasampati zarIra jala budabuda, vinazata nAhI belA / cetana0 // n mohamagana Atamaguna bhUlata, parI sohi galajelA // maiM maiM karata cahU~ gati Dolata, bolata jaise chelA ||cetn0||2|| kahata 'banArasi' mithyAmata taji, hoya sugurukA celA / tAsa vacana paratIta Ana jiya, hoi sahaja surajhelA ||cetn0||3|| kavivara bhUdharadAsajIne sasArakI asAratA dikhAte hue apanI Antarika bhAvanAoMko vaDe hI sundara Dhagase amivyakta kiyA hai| kavi kahatA hai jagameM jIvana thorA, re bhajJAnI jAgi TekA janama tADa taru se par3e, phala saMsArI jIva / mauta mahI meM AyahaiM, aura na aura sadIya ||jgmeN||3|| gira-sira divalA joiyA, bahu dizi vAjai pauna / balata acamA mAniyA, bujhata acambhA kauna jagama // 2 //

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana jo china jAya sare AyUmeM, niza dina TUka kAla / bA~dhi sake to hai bhalA, pAnI pahilI pAla jagame // 3 // manupa deha dulaMgya hai, mati cUkai yaha dAva / 'bhUdhara' rAjula kaMta hI, zaraNa sitAyI Ava ngmeN0||4|| adhyAtma premI kavi banArasIdAsane AtmAnubhUtike kavi vanArasI. nirase pravezakara kAnyakI surIlI tAna bharI hai| dAsake pada inake sarasa aura hRdayagrAhI pada AtmakalyAName baDe hI sahAyaka hai| mAnava anubhUti, vAsanA aura vicAroMse jIvita hai| jIvanakI vistRta bhUmikAke rUpame anubhUtikA Aloka hai aura anubhUtiyomeM zreSTha hai AtmAnubhUti / isame sArA dhyAna khiMcakara eka vindupara A TikatA hai, jahA~ duHkha nahIM, chipAva nahIM, sakoca nahIM / vyakti vAhase vimukha ho antaskI ora jabataka nahIM muDatA hai, mana idhara-udhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai| mana eka bAra jaba Atmonmukha ho jAtA hai to phira bhAganekA use avakAza nahI rahatA | kavivarane manako isI santopakI ora le jAnekA saketa kiyA hai / manake tuSTa ho jAnepara antastalakA rasa umaDa paDatA hai, manuSya apanI sudhabudha kho AlmAkA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| AsthA aura vizvAsase paripUrNa sanakI avicalita avasthA karma-pranthika mocanameM bar3I sahAyaka hotI hai| tRSNA itanI prabala aura uddAma hai ki manuSyakA isa ora mukAva hote hI vaha isakI prabala lapeToMse AkrAnta ho jAtA hai aura apanA sarvasva kho baiThatA hai / isake viparIta jIvaname vahI vyakti saphalatA prApta kara sakatA hai jo AzAke vazavartI na hokara santopake mArgakA pathika hai| lobhakA vIna parigraha hai, kyoki parigrahake bar3hanese moha baDhatA hai aura mohake bar3hanese tRSNA bar3hatI hai, tRSNAse asantopa aura asantopase duHkha hotA hai| kavine nimnapadame isI bhAvanAko vaDe anUThe DhaMgase pradarzita kiyA hai

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: ! hindI - jaina gItikAvya re mana ! kara sadA santoSa / jAteM miTata saba dukha doSa // re mana0 // Teka // 1 // baDhata parigraha moha bar3hAvata, adhika tRSNA hota | bahuta IMdhana jarata jaise, aganI U~cI jyoti hai // re mana0 // 2 // lobha lAlaca mUDha janasoM, kahata kancana dAna | phirata Arata nahiM vicArata, dharama dhanakI hAna // re mana0 // 3 // nArakinake pA~va sevata, sakuca mAnata saMka / jJAna kari bUjhe 'banArasa', ko nRpati ko raMka // re mana0 ||1|| jaba kavi sasArake tvAthoMse Uba gayA, nAnA upacAra karanepara bhI usake manakA sAya nahI haTA to vahI apane manakI AlocanA karanA huA AkAkSA vyakta karatA hai / kavikI AkAkSA vaiyaktika nahIM, apitu sArvajanIna hai / sAraga rAgakI madhurimA hRdayako rasasikta kara detI hai tathA antasmai Atmabuddhi jAgrata karatI hai| kavivara kahatA hai -- duvidhA kaba jaihai yA manakI // duvi0 // kaba jinanAtha niraMjana sumiroM, taji sevA jana-janakI // kaya rucisoM pIva~ hama cAtaka, bU~da akhayapada dhanakI // kava zubha dhyAna dharau samatA gahi, karU~ na malatA tanakI // kaya ghaTa antara rahe nirantara, didatA muguru kaba sukha lahIM bheda paramAratha, miTai dhAranA duvidhA ||1|| 81 duvidhA ||2|| vacana kI / dhana kI // duvidhA0 // 3 // kaba ghara choTi hohu~ ekAkI, liye lAlasA yana kI / aisI isA hoya kaba merI, hA~ balinyali yA una kI // dupiyA* // 4 //

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana buddhi, rAga aura kalpanA tattvakA samanvaya, anubhUtikA santulana, bhAva aura bhASAkA ekIkaraNa, laya aura tAlakI madhuratA evaM bhAvagAmbhIrya aura komala-kAnta-padAvalI banArasIdAsa ke padoMma vartamAna hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane apane padoMmeM sahajAnubhUtikI abhivyajanA kI hai| inake pado cintanake sthAnameM AdhyAtmika ullAsakI anubhUti pradhAna hai| unhone mAnava paryAyako prakRtine sundara magalamaya, madhura aura AtmakalyANameM sahAyaka mAnA hai / isI kAraNa apane hRdaya - kuMjama madirabhAva vihaMgoM kA kRjana sunakara inhoMne saMsArake sambandhokI asthiratAkA sAkSAtkAra karAyA hai / AdhyAtmika unmepase kavikA pratyeka pada prabhAvita hai / AkAdyame ghumar3anevAle bAdaloMke samAna kSaNabhaMgura vAsanAoM, jo ki pratyeka vyaktikai mAnasako Andolita karatI rahatI haiM, kA kavine paDhome sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai / ataH cintanazIla hokara kavi jIvanake mUlabhUta tattvoMkA udghATana karatA huA kahatA hai 82 bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa ke pada : paricaya aura samIkSA afs abhimAnaniya re, chA~r3i de abhi0 ||ttek|| kAko tU aru kauna tere, saba hI haiM mahimAna | dekha rAjA raMka koU, thira nahIM yaha thAna jiya re0 // // jagata dekhata tori calaco, tU bhI dekhata Ana / gharI palakI khabara nAhIM, kahA hoya vihAna liya 20 // 2 // tyAga krodha ru lobha mAyA, moha maMdirA pAna | rAga dopahiM dAra antara, dUra kara ajJAna || liya 20 // 3 // bhayo surapura deva kahU~, kayahu~ naraka nidAna | ima karmavA bahu nAca nAce, bhaiyA Apa pichAna ||jiy re0 // 4 // inake padoMkA saMgraha brahmavikAsa tathA phuTakara saMkalanake rUpameM prakAzita huA hai / prabhAtI, stavana, adhyAtma, vastusthitinirUpaNa,

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hindI - jaina - gItikAvya have AtmAlocana eva ArAdhya ke prati dRDhatara vizvAsa viSayoMme inake padoko vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai / vastusthitikA citraNa karate hue batAyA hai ki yaha jIva vizvakI vAstavikatA aura jIvanake rahasyoMse sadA A~khe banda kiye rahA / isane vyApaka vizvajanIna aura cirantana satyako pAnekA prayAsa hI nahI kiyA / pArthiva saundarya ke prati mAnava naisargika AsthA rakhatA hai, rAga-dveSoMkI ora isakA jhukAva nirantara hotA rahatA hai, parantu satya isase pare hai | vividha nAma-rUpAtmaka isa jagatse pRthak hokara prakRta bhAvanAokA sayama, damana aura pariSkaraNa karanA hI pratyeka vyaktikA jIvana lakSya honA cAhie / isI kAraNa pazcAttApake sAtha sajaga karate hue vaiyaktika cetanAmeM sAmUhika cetanAkA adhyAropa kara kavi kahatA haibhare taiM ju yaha janma gamAyo re, are teM ||ttek|| pUraba puNya kiye kahu~ atihI, vAtaiM narabhava pAyo re / deva dharama guru grantha na parasai, bhaTaki bhaTaki bharamAyo re // are0 // 1 // phira toko milibo yaha durakabha, vaza dRSTAnta batAyo re / jo cetai to ceta re bhaiyA, toko kahi samujhAyo re ||are 0 // 2 // AtmAlocana -sambandhI padome kavine rAga-dveSa, irSA - ghRNA, mada-matsara Adi vikAroMse abhibhUta hRdayakI AlocanA karate hue gUr3ha adhyAtmakI abhivyajanA kI hai| yaha AlocanA kevala kavihRdayakI nahI balki samasta mAnava samAjakI hai / mAnava mAtra apane vikArI manakA parizodhanakara maMgala prabhAtake darzana karanekI kSamatA prApta kara sakatA hai / binAzIka sasArake svArthamayI sambandhokI sArahInatA dikhalAtA huA kavi rAga-dveSAdi vikAroMko dUra karanekI bAta kahatA hai / java vaha isa sasArake bhrama-jAlakI vAstavikatAse paricita ho jAtA hai to dRr3ha AtmaniSThA prakaTa karatA huA deva gandhAra rAga alApane lagatA haira maiM chaoNDayo para jaMjAla, aba maiM // Teka // lagyo anAdi moha bhrama bhArI, tajyo tAhi tatkAla / aba maiM 0 // 1 // *

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84 hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana Atamarasa cakhyo maiM adbhuta, pAyo parama dayAla | aba maiN0||2|| siddha samAna zuddha guNa rAjana, somarUpa suvizAla | bhagha maiM 0 // 3 // bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsake pardoMme jitanI sundara adhyAtma tattvakI abhivyaMjanA huI hai utanI mAnavIya rAga-dvepakI nahIM / zrRgArika bhAvanA ke aruNa rUpoMkA prAyaH abhAva hai / bhApAme nAda sAmya aura anuprAsokI bahulatA zravaNa-sukhada hai / Anandaghanake pada paricaya Anandaghanake pada kabIradAsake samAna AdhyAtmikatAse otaprota haiM / yaha pahueNce hue mahAtmA aura Atmarasika kavi the / isa kAraNa inake pardo saccI anubhUti vidyamAna hai| preta-AtmAke rUpamAdhuryakA darzana sarvatra kavi karatA hai / bAtAbaraNake pratyeka kaNase use AtmAnubhUtikI jhalaka milatI hai| aura samIkSA yadyapi kavine AtmAko sarvatra vyApaka rUpame nahI dekhA hai, zarIra pramANa hI mAnA hai, phira bhI use pAneke lie saccI preyasIke samAna Akula hai| prAtaH- samIra apanI navIna surabhise pratyeka aga- pratyagako surabhita karatA huA kaviko AtmAnubhUtime preraka pratIta hotA hai / svAnubhUtikA prAdurbhAva hote hI kavi anubhava karatA hai ki janmamaraNake kAraNa rAga-dvepake bhasma ho jAnepara hI AvAgamana ke dukhase chuTakArA mila sakatA hai; AtmA ajara hai, amara hai, isakI upalabdhi ratnatrayake dvArA hI sambhava hai / ataeva satyadraSTA kavikI pAradarzikA A~khe jagake bhautika AvaraNako bhedatI huI antastattvopara sthita hotI haiN| AsavANIke dvArA pArthikatAko lalakArate hue zAzvata AnandakI bAta kahatA hai / isalie inake padoMmeM pradhAnataH AzA, ullAsa aura cetanAkA abhinandana vidyamAna hai / kavi apane antasmeM AtmatattvakI mahattAkA anubhava kara AdhyAtmika dharAtala para mAnava mAtrakA utkarpa dikhalAtA hai tathA

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45. hindI-jaina-gItikAvya aindriyika Anandako nikRSTa aura hIna vatalAkara indriyAtIta alaukika AnandakI abhivyaJjanA karatA hai| kavine nimna padame apanI amaratAkA bhAva satya aura vastu satyase bhinna kitanA sundara vivecana kiyA hai ava hama amara bhaye na mareMge ||ttek|| yA kArana mithyAta diyau taja, kyokara deha dhareMge // 1 // rAga-doSa jaga bandha karata haiM inako nAza kreNge| masyo anaMta kAla te prANI, so hama kAla hreNge||2|| deha vinAzI hU~ avinAzI, apanI gati pkreNge| nAsI nAsI hama thiravAsI, cokhe hai nikhareMge // 3 // mayo ananta vAra bina samajhe, abaso sukha bisreNge| 'mAnanda dhana' nipaTa-nikaTa akSara do, nahiM sumarai so mareMge // an yadyapi isI AzayakA eka pada kavi dyAnatarAyakA bhI milatA hai, to bhI isa padyakA mAdhurya vicitra hai| kavine vaijJAnika tathyoMke AdhArapara AtmAnandako vyakta kiyA hai| inake samasta pada tIna vargoMmeM vibhakta kiye jA sakate hai| prathama vargameM una padoko rakkhA jA sakatA hai, jiname rUpako dvArA AtmatatvakA vizleSaNa eka sahRdaya aura bhAvuka kavike samAna kiyA gayA hai| kavine ina pardome madhura rAgAtmaka sambandhoko udghATita karate hue mithyAtvake niSkAsanapara adhika jora diyA hai| AtmAnubhUti yA svAnubhUtime pravala vAdhaka kAraNa yaha mithyAtva hI hai, ataH aneka rUpakodvArA isa Atma-azuddhike kAraNakA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| / dUsarI zreNIme ve pada haiM jinameM gharela dainika vyavahArame AnevAlI vastuoMke pratIkoM dvArA saMsArakI kSaNabhaguratA dikhalAkara Atma-tattvakA sazliSTa citra prakaTa kiyA hai| vinaya aura candanA sambandhI pada isa koTime Ate hai|

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana . tIsare vargameM una mizrita padoko rakkhA jA sakatA hai jinameM tanmayatA ke sAtha bhAva-gAmbhIrya bhI vidyamAna hai| samatA-rasakA vAsantI samIra manakI rAzi-rAzi abhilApAo aura hRdayakI komala kamanIya aindriyika bhAvanAko vikasita puSpake parAgakI taraha dhUlsiAt kara detA hai tathA samatA-pIyUpakI khumArI Atmavibhora banA detI hai| kavi uparyukta bhAvanA kA vizleSaNa karatA huA kahatA hai ___ mere ghaTa jJAna bhAma bhayau bhor| cetana cakavA cetana cakavI, bhAgI virahako sora // 1 // phailI cahu~dizi caturabhAva ruci, miTyo bharama-tama jora / ApakI corI ApahI jAnata aura kahata na cora // 2 // amala-kamala vikasita bhaye bhUtalamanda viSaya zagikora / 'Anandaghana' ika vallabha lAgata, aura na lAkha kirora // 3 // 'jasavilAsa sagraha' nAmase inake padokA sagraha prakAzita huA hai| inake padome bhAvanAe~ tIvra AvegamayI aura saMgItAtmaka pravAhameM prasphuTita ra huI hai / bhApAmeM lAkSaNika vaicitryake sthAnapara sarasatA aura saralatA hai| padomeM pradhAna spase-AdhyAtmika bhAvokI abhivyajanA hai / apane ArAvyake prati ' AtmanivedanakI bhAvanA bhI tIvra spame pAyI jAtI hai| AtmAkI abhiruci utpanna hote hI ajJAna, asaMskAra, mithyAtva Adi bhasma ho jAte hai, jisase svAnubhUti honemeM vilamba nahIM hotaa| kavike aneka padoMme vauddhika zAnti sthAname AdhyAtmika zAnti zuddhAnubhUtikA nirUpaNa hai / AdhyAtmika vizvAsokI bhUmi kitanI dRDha hai tathA khAnubhUti utpanna ho jAnepara mAnava AtmAnandama kitanA vibhora ho sakatA hai yaha nimna padame darzanIya hai / kavi kahatA hai hama magana bhaye prabhu dhyAna meM / visaragaI duvidhAtana-manakI, macirA suta gunagAna meM hama // 1 //

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7 hindI-jaina-gItikAvya hari-hara brahma purandarakI ridhi, mAvata nahiM kou mAna meN| cidAnandakI mauja macI hai, samatA rasake pAnameM // hama0 // 2 // itane dina tUM nAhiM pichAnyo, janma gaMvAyau anAna meN| bhaba to adhikArI hai vaiThe, prabhuguna akhaya khajAna meM / hama0 // 3 // gaI dInatA sabhI hamArI-prabhu tujha samakita dAna meN| pramuguna bhanubhavake rasa Age, Avata nahiM koDa dhyAna meM // 4 // yazovijayajIke padokI bhASA bar3I hI sarasa hai| AtmaniSThA aura vaiyaktika bhAvanA bhI inake padoMmeM vidyamAna hai| kavi bhUdharadAsa kuzala kalAkAra hai| inhone gIti-kalAkI bArIkiyoM apane padome pradarzita kI haiN| yaha sthUlako choDa sUkSma saundaryako vyakta .. karanA cAhate hai| yadyapi bAhya-saundaryakA apane bhUdharadAsake padaH * sUkSma paryavekSaNa-dvArA nirIkSaNa kiyA hai, kintu vaha pAracAra ra sthiratA pradAna nahI kara sakA hai| yahI kAraNa nA hai ki inake padomeM bhAvukatAke sahAre karuNa rasa aura AtmavedanAkI bhI abhivyajanA huI hai| padome zAbdika komalatA, bhAvanAokI mAdakatA aura kalpanAokA indrajAla samanvita rUpame vidyamAna hai| inake padokA eka saMgraha 'bhUghara-padasagraha' ke nAmase prakAzita ho cukA hai| ina padoko sAta vargoMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-stutiparaka, jIvake ajJAnAvasthAke pariNAma aura nikhAra sUcaka, ArAdhyakI zaraNake dRDha vizvAsasUcaka, adhyAtmopadezI, sasAra aura garIrase virakti-utpAdaka, nAmasmaraNake mahattva dyotaka aura manuSyatvakI pUrNa abhivyakti dyotaka / prathama zreNIke pada jinendrapramu jinavANI aura jitendriya guruke savanose sambaddha hai| ina pado kavine dAsya bhAvakI upAsanA-dvArA

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88 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana / apaneko ujjvala banAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu dAsyatAkI yaha bhAvanA sarvatra paratantra banAnevAlI nahIM hai| dUsarI zroNIke padoMme jIvako ajAnatAkai kAraNa honevAle pariNAmoMko dikhalAkara sAvadhAna karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| ajJAnI pApa dhatUrA na boya // Teka // phala cAkhanakI vAra bharai ga, marahai mUrakha roya // ajJAnI0 // 1 // kincit vipayanake sukha kAraNa durlabha deha na khoya / aisA avasara phira na milegA, isa nIdaDI na soya // ajnyaanii0||2|| bhAvuka kavine antasme mAyAkI vaJcakatAkA anubhava kara usake mohaka rUpakA bar3A hI sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| kavine mAyAko ThaganIkA rUpaka dekara usake ghRNita rUpakA, jise viSayI jIva mohaka samajhate hai, marmasparzI citraNa kiyA hai| suna ugakI mAyA te saba jaga uga khAyA // Teka // Tuka vizvAsa kiyA jina terA, so mUrakha pichavAyA // suna0 // 1 // vikAragrasta mAnava ahake vazIbhUta ho sasArameM asamatAkA vyavahAra karatA hai, nAnA kAmanAoMko antasme sameTe svamalokame vicaraNa karatA rahatA hai, usake sakalpa kacce dhAgeke samAna bAdhA aura vighnoke halke jhoMkese hI TUTa jAte hai / sasArake mAyAvI badhana use jakar3ate jAte haiM, ataH vastusthitikA yathArtha darzana karAtA huA kavi nirAzAmeM AzAkI kiraNoMkA Aloka vitaraNa karatA hai / tathA "ekauM ke ghara maMgala gAve, pUgI bhanakI AsA / eka viyoga bhare bahu roca, bharibhari raina nirAsA // " meM kitanA sundara yathArthakA citraNa huA hai| kavikA yathArtha jIvanakai zAzvata satyase sayukta hai / yadyapi yaha citraNa sasArake vAstavika rUpako

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hindI-jainagItikAvya prastuta karatA hai, para isame nirAzA anvita nahIM hai| vizvakA vAstavika khArasya dikhalAkara kavi AtmAnubhUtiko jagAtA hai| zarIrako carakhAkA spaka dekara nimnapadakI AdhyAtmika abhivyakti kitanI marmasparzI hai moTA mahI kAtakara bhAI, kara apanA surjheraa| anta bhAgameM Idhana hogA, 'bhUdhara' samajha sveraa| rAgAtmikA vRtti aura bodha-vRttikai samanvita spame pUrNa mAnavatAkI abhivyajanA karanevAle inake aneka pada hai| inameM kavine mAnavatAkI pratiSThAke lie vAsanA aura kapAyoMke madhumatta samIrake sparzase bacAnekI AkAkSA vyakta kI hai| kavi kahatA hai-"suni jJAnI prANI, zrI guru sIkha sayAnI" aadi| rAga vihAga, manakI durvalatA tathA aha aura idakai sagharSase utpanna kAmavAsanAkA niyantraNa karatA huA kavi cAritrakI godhazAlAme naitika mana aura naivika buddhikI AvazyakatAkA nirUpaNa karatA hai jagata jana juvA hAri cle| Teka // kAma-kuTila saMga bAjI maoNDI, una kari kapaTa chale / jagata0 // 3 // cAra kapAyamayI jahU caupari pAMse joga rle| ina saravasa uta kAmanikor3I ihavidhi jhaTaka cale // jagata0 // 2 // bhUdharadAsake padomeM rAga-virAgakA gagA-yamunIsagama honepara bhI zRgArikatA nahIM hai| virahakI vividha avasthAokA nirUpaNa bhI inake padoMme nahIM huA hai| bhApAkI lAkSaNikatA aura kAvyoktiyokI vidagdhatA yatra-tatra rUpoM meM vidyamAna hai| gIti-kAvyaka marmajJa kavi dyAnatarAyake poMmeM antardarzanakI pravRtti pradhAna rUpase varcamAna hai| zabda saundarya aura zabda-sagItakI jhakAra sabhI padome sunAI par3atI hai| inake padoMme atRpti nahIM, satopa hai, unmAda

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samIkSA hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana nahI, mastI hai; avasAda nahI, autsukya hai; karkazatA nahIM, tIvratA hai aura zAnaratAya para ucchRGkhalatA nahIM, AsthA hai| inhone apane bhakti sUcaka padome jIvanako antarvRttikI aisI sundara abhivyajanA kI hai, jisase bodha-vRtti jAgrata hue " binA nahIM rhtii| inakI bhAvukatA sarasa, sarala aura sahaja hai / padome tathyokA vivecana dArzanika zailImeM nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu kAvya-zailIkA prayoga kara kavine mAnavapravRttiyoke udghATaname apUrva saphalatA prApta kI hai| tIvra Aloka aura prakhara pravAha do cAra padome hI upalabdha hai, adhikAza, padome vaiyaktikatA yA adhikaraNaniSThatAkA AdhAra hI pradhAna hai| kavine apanI AnandAnubhUtiko pratyeka padameM vyakta karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| inake sakalita padoMko chaH zroNiyoMme vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai badhAI, stavana, AtmasamarpaNa, AzvAsana, paratvavodhaka eva sahana samAdhikI AkAmA / badhAI-sUcaka padome tIrthakara RpamanAthake janma-samayakA Ananda vyakta kiyA hai| prasagavaza prabhuke nakhazikhakA varNana bhI jahAM-tahA~ upalabdha hai| apane iSTadevake janma-samayakA vAtAvaraNa aura usa kAlakI samasta paristhitiyoko smaraNa kara kavi Ananda-vibhora ho jAtA hai aura honmatta ho gA uThatA hai mAI Aja AnaMda yA nagarI // Teka // gajagamanI zazivadanI tarunI, maMgala gAvati hai sagarI mAI0 // nAbhirAya ghara punna bhayo hai,kiye haiM ajAcaka jAcaka rI ||maaii // 'dhAnata' dhanya kUkha bharudevI, sura sevata jAke pagarI / maaii.|| dvitIya zreNIke padoMmeM apane ArAdhya pacaparameSThIkI nAnA prakArase stuti kI hai| isa zreNIke padome upamAnokA Azraya lekara apane iSTa devako prasanna karanekA prayAsa kavine kiyA hai| AratI stutikA hI eka rUpa hai, ataH apanI vizvavyApinI AratI karatA huA kavi kahatA hai /

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hindI-jaina-gItikAvya maMgala bhAratI Atama rAma / tana maMdira mana uttama rAma / samarasa jala candana AnaMdA tandula tattvasvarUpa amanda // // maMgala aartii0|| sanasAra phUlanakI mAla / anubhau sukha nevana bhari thAla // maMgala AratI0 // dIpaka jJAna dhyAnakI dhUpa / nirmala bhAva mahAphala rUpa / __ maMgala AratI0 // suguna bhavika jana ika raMga lIna / nihacai naudhA bhagati pravIna // maMgala bhaartii0|| dhuni utsAha su anahada myAna / parama samAdhi nirata paradhAna // maMgala AratI0 // vAhaja Atama bhAva vahAva / aMtara hai paramAtamadhyAva // ___maMgala AratI0 // sAhava sevaka bheda miTAya / 'dhAnata' ekameva ho jAya // maMgala bhAratI0 // kavi daulatarAma una gItikAvya-racayitAome se haiM, jinhone jIvanako khUba cArIkiyome dekhA hai, unakI vividha pravRttiyoMkI gaharAIme utara daulatarAmake pada : _ kara anuzIlana kiyA hai| manakI gUr3ha aura vividha paricaya aura * dazAoMkA samAdhAna karate hue kavi anubhava karatA hai ki kyA vAta hai ki jisase mAnava jIvana bojhila aura trasta hai ? kalpanA, vicAra aura bhAvanAkI triveNImeM nimajana kara nizcaya kiyA ki mAnava caMcala citta ke kAraNa hI kAnta evaM trasta hai| kabhI yaha divya aganAokA AliMgana karanA cAhatA hai, to kabhI sundara nRtya dekhaneke lie lAlAyita hai / eka AkAkSA tRpta nahIM hotI, ki dUsarI ananta AkAkSAe~ utpanna ho jAtI hai / manakI gati pavanase bhI adhika caMcala hai, isapara aMkuza rakhe binA koI bhI

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kyo daur3atA rahanase tUne anAra nahIM kiyA, 92 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana satyako prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| kavi kahatA hai-"mana terI burI Adata kyoM paDa gaI hai ? tU anAdise indriyoke viSayoMkI ora kyo daur3atA calA A rahA hai, inhIke adhIna rahanese tUne anAdikAlase apanI AtmAkA nirIkSaNa nahIM kiyA, apane svarUpako nahIM pahacAnA he mana, terI ko kuTeva yaha, karana-viSaya me dhAvai hai / Teka // inhIMke vaza da anAdi te, nina svarUpa na lakhAvai hai| parAdhIna china-chIna samAkula, duragati-vipati cakhAvai hai // he mana0 // 1 // pharasa-viSayake kAraNa pArana, garata parata dukha pAvai hai| rasanA indrIvaza apa jala meM, kaMTaka kaMTha chidA hai| hemana0 // 2 // gaMdha-lola paMkana mudritameM dhuli nija prAna khipAcai hai| nayana-viSaya-vaza dIpazikhAmeM aMga pataMga jarAvai hai| he mana0 // 3 // karana-viSaya-vaza hirana arana meM, khalakara prAna lunA hai| 'daulata' taba inako, jinako bhaja, yaha guru sIkha sunA hai| hemana0 // // inake paTa viSayakI dRSTise rakSAkI bhAvanA, AtmanikSepa bhatrsanA, bhayadarzana, AzvAsana, cetAvanI, prabhusmaraNake prati Agraha, Atmadarzana honepara asphuTa vacana, sahaja samAdhikI AkAkSA, svapadakI AkrAmA, saMsAra-vizlepaNa, parasattvavodhaka evaM AtmAnanda zreNIme vibhakta kiye jA sakate hai| ukta vargIkaraNamase kucha pada udAharaNArtha prastuta kiye jAte haiM / AtmanikSepa-sambandhI paDhomeM bhagavAnke sammukha AtmasamarpaNakI bhAvanA pradarzita kI gaI hai| ina padoMme apane prati aura apane ArAdhyake prati eka akhaNDa avicalita vizvAsa hai| isI kAraNa isa zreNIke paDhAma sIdhe-sAde bhAva pAThakake hRdayapara sIdhe coTa pahuMcAte haiM

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hindI - jaina-gItikAvya 93 mohi tAjI kyoM nA ? tuma tAraka trijaga trikAla meM // mohi0 // maiM udadhi parayo dukha bhogyau, so dukha jAta kahyau nA / nAmana maraNa anaMta tano tuma jAnana mAhiM chipyau nA // mohi0 // bhartsanA viSayaka padome kavine viSaya-vAsanAkai kAraNa malina hue manako phaTakArA hai tathA kavi apane vikAra aura kaSAyokA kaccA ciTThA prakaTa kara apanI AtmAkA pariSkAra karanA cAhatA hai / nAnA prakArakI viSayecchAeN tRSNA aura sunahalI AzA kalpanAe~ isa prANIko aura bhI kaSTa detI haiM; ataeva viSayoko nissAra samajha tyAganA cAhiye / yaha zarIra atyanta ghRNita hai, mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIryase utpanna huA hai / isame aneka azuci padArtha vidyamAna haiM, ataeva isase mamatA choDa denI cAhiye mata kIno rI yArI, china geha deha jaba jAnake // Teka // upajI mala-phulavArI lAla-lAla-jala kyArI // mata0 // mAta-pitA-raja-vIraja so yaha, asthi- mAla-pala nasAjAla kI, karma-kuraMga-thalI putalI yaha mUtra purISa ma~DArI / dharma-maDI ripu-karma-kaDI dhana-dharma curAvana hArI // mata0 // X X X ho tuma zaTha avicArI jiyarA jinavRpa pAya vRthA khovata ho // Teka // pI anAdi madamoha svagunanidhi bhUla aceta nauMTa sobata ho // ho tuma0 // bhaya darzana- samvandhI padome manako bhaya dikhalAkara Atmonmukha kiyA gayA hai / kavine apane antasmai sasArakI jhajhaTo, bAdhAoM aura vikA anubhava kara vAstavika paristhitiyokA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai / jAna paDatA hai jaise saMsArake mAyAvI bandhanose vaha bhayabhIta hai / ataH sasArakai mAyAnAlase unmukta honeke lie atyanta utsuka hai, usakI AtmAmaM sAsArika

Page #88
hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana jAna bUjha kara andha bane haiM oNkhana bA~dhI pATI // are // nikala jAyage prANa chinako par3I rahegI mATI // are|| 'daulatarAma' samajha mana apane, dilakI khola kapATI // are|| X ava mana merA ve sIkha vacana suna merA / X jiyA tuma cAlo apane desh| mata kIjo jI yArI ye bhoga bhujaMga sama jAnike / kavi cetAvanI detA huA kahatA hai mere kaba hai vA dinakI suprii| vana vina basana asana bina vanameM, nibasauM nAsA dRSTi dharI // mere kb0|| puNya pApa parasoM kaba viraco, paraco nijanidhi cir-bisrii| vaja upAdhi, sana sahaja samAdhI, sahoM dhAma-hima megh-shrii| mere kb0|| kaba thira-joga dharauM aisau mohi, upala jAna mRga khAja hrii| dhyAna kamAna tAna anubhavazara, chedoM kiha dina moha bharI // mere kaba0 // kava vRna kaMcana eka gano bharu, mani-jaDitAlaya shaildrii| 'daulata' sataguru caranana leMDe, jo puravI Aza yahai hamarI // mere kb.|| x cetana aba dhari sahaja samAdhi, jAta yaha vinazai bhava vyAdhi / cetn0|| moha ThagaurI khAyake re, parako bhApA jAna / mUla nijAtamaRddhi ko hai-pAye duHkha mahAna // cetanaH / / x

Page #89
97 hindI-jaina-gItikAvya jaba AtmAnubhUti utpanna ho jAtI hai, hRdayake samasta kAluSya dhula jAte haiM evaM jIvanakA pravAha apanI dizAko badalakara pravAhita hone lagatA hai to bhAvAtirekake kAraNa asphuTa vacana nikalate haiM / kavi kahatA hai cinmUrata hagdhArIkI mohi, rIti lagata hai aTApaTI // cinmuurt0|| bAhira nAraki kRta dukha bhoge, antara sukharasa gttaagttii|| ramata aneka suratisaMga pai tisa paranati nai nita haTAhaTI cinmuurtH|| kavi daulatarAmakI dRSTi AtmaniSTha hai, vastuniSTha nahI / ataH kisI vastuke bAhya sthUla saundaryakI apekSA Antarika sUkSma saundaryakA adhika vizleSaNa kiyA hai / bhAvanAkI bhavyatA aura anubhUtikI sUkSmatA darzanIya hai| inakI bhASAme sayama, abhivyajanA-zakti, spaSTatA aura vyAvahArikatA pUrNataH vidyamAna hai| bhASAkI lAkSaNikatAne komala aura mAdhurya mAvanAoko bharaneme vilakSaNa kArya kiyA hai| rUpoMme kavikI lAkSaNika zailI darzanIya hai mero mana aisI khelata horii| mana miradaMga sAja kari lArI, tanako tamUrA bano rI // sumati suraMga saraMgI bajAI, tAla doDakara jorii| rAga pA~cauM pada korI, mero mana aisI khelata horii|| samakRti rUpa gahi bhara jhArI, karunA kezara ghorii| jJAnamaI lekara picakArI dou kara mAhiM samhorI // isa prakAra kavi daulatarAmake pardome bhAvAveza, unmukta pravAha, Antarika saMgIta, kalpanAkI tUlikA-dvArA bhAvacitrokI kamanIyatA, Ananda-vihalatA; rasAnubhUtikI gambhIratA eva ramaNIyatAkA pUrA mamanvaya vidyamAna hai|

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98 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kavi bhAgacandake pada : paricaya aura mamakSA kavivara mAgacanda una mahRdaya aura bhAluka kaviyayama hai jo nirantara AtmagutyAMka mujhameM magna rahate haiM / inake paTA tanmayatA adhika pAyI jAtI hai / nija kArana kAhUM na sAre re, bhUle prAnI // Teka // parigraha bhArayakI kahA nahIM, unarata hota vihAre re / nila kAraba0 / rogI nara terI bapu ko kahA nisadina nahIM naraM re // nila kArana0 // Rni saMsArakI atragantatrikatAkA citraNa karanA huA kahatA hai jIva tU bhramata sadaiva akelA | maMga sAya koI nahIM terA | antako belA / apanA sukha duHkha Apa hI sugate, hota kuTumba na melA / svArtha bhane~ saba vihari bAta haiM, vivaTa jAta jyaoN nelA // 1 // rakSaka koI na pUrana hai jaba, Apu phUTana pAra caivata nahiM jaise udara jalako ThelA // 2 // nana-dhana-jIvana vinA nAta jya, indravAlako khelA | 'bhAgacanda' imi likhakara bhAI, ho satagurukAlA // 3 // nItU bhramata sadaiva akelA ! Ayamika sAdhanAeM sabase bar3I bAdhA mohane udayase utpanna hoto hai / yaha jIva mAMgacitrakI ni bhI mohake kAraNa hI karanA hai / nundara mantrAbhUSaNa, alaMkAra, puNyamAnya Adi dvArA garnarako mukti karanekI keSTA bhI isake udayase utpanna hotI hai| moha vaha tena zarAba hai jisakA nadyA jIvako mukha aura zAnti vaMcita kara detA hai, mAnavakI sArI pravRttiyA~ bahirmukhI ho jAtI haiM jisase vaha annaM karmakAyako dUra nahIM kara pAtA | mukatA rasa hI eka aisA Ananda hai, dinale mAnavako adbhuta zAnti milatI hai, kavine isa prasaMga padama mAvikI

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hindI - jaina - gItikAvya vigarhaNA kI hai / yadyapi kAvyake mUla tattva hRdayakI rAgAtmaka vibhUtikA zuddhAtmadarzana ke sAtha sAmajasya nahI baiThatA hai, para kavine AdhyAtmika cintana-pradhAna padome bhI apanI bhAvukatAkA samAveza kara apane kavikarmakA paricaya diyA hai / 99 kavi bhAgacandameM daulatarAma ke samAna hRdaya-pakSakA santulana nahIM hai / inameM tarka, vicAra aura cintanakI pradhAnatA hai / isI kAraNa inake pardo vicArokI saghanatA rahatI hai / nimnapadame dArzanika tattvoko hRdayagrAhaka rUpa denekI saphala ceSTA vartamAna hai / je dina tuma viveka vina khoye // Teka // cira soye / moha vAruNI pI anAdi taiM, parapada sukha karaMDa citapiMDa Apapada, guna ananta nahiM joye // je dina0 // hohi bahirmukha hAni rAga rukha, karmabIja bahu boye / tasu phala sukha-duHkha sAmagrI lakhi, citameM harape roye // je dina0 // dhavala dhyAna zuci salila pUrateM, bhAsrava mala nahiM dhoye / para tuvyani kI cAha na rokI, vividha parigraha Dhoye || je dina0 // aba nijameM nija jAna niyata tahA~, nija parinAma samoye / yaha ziva-mAraga samarasa sAgara, 'bhAgacaMda' hita to ye // je dina0 // vizuddha dArzanikake samAna kavine tattvArthazraddhAnI aura jJAnIkI prazasA kI hai / yadyapi varNaname kavine rUpaka utprekSA alakAroMkA bhavalambana liyA hai, kintu zuSka saiddhAntikatA rahanese bhAva aura rasakI kamI raha gayI hai| jJAnI jIva kisa prakAra sasArame nirbhaya hokara vicaraNa karatA hai tathA unheM apanA AcAra-vyavahAra kisa prakAra rakhanA cAhiye ityAdi viSayakA vizleSaNa karanevAle padomeM kavikA cintana vidyamAna hai; para bhAvukatA nahIM hai| haoN, prArthanAparaka padoMmeM mUrta-amUrttako Alambana lekara kavine apane antarjagatkI abhivyakti anUThe DhaMga se kI hai| ina

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hindIjaina sAhitya-parizIlana padomeM virATa kalpanA, agAdha dArzanikatA aura sUkSma manovaijJAnika vizeSatAe~ haiN| bhAvanAomeM vivecanakI pravRtti inake padoMkA eka mukhya guNa hai / nimnapada darzanIya hai AnandAnu bahaiM locanata, vAte Anata nhAyA / gadda spaSTa vacanajuta nirmala, miSTajAna suragAyA // Teka // bhava vana meM bahu bhramaNa kiyo tahA~, duHkhadAvAnala taayaa| aba tuma bhaktisudhArasavAdI maiM avagAha karAyA // maanndaashru.|| isa prakAra kavi bhAgacaMdake padome hRdayakI tIvrAnubhUti vidyamAna hai| jisa padameM jisa bhAvanAko vyakta karanA cAhate haiM usa padameM use vaha gaharAI, sUkSmatA aura mArmikatAke sAtha vyakta kara sake haiN| __manana aura pada racanemeM inakA jaina kaviyomeM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inake padome anubhUtikI tIvratA, layAtmaka saMvedanazIlatA aura ra samAhita bhAvanAkA pUrA astitva vidyamAna hai| pada: paricaya Atmazodhanake prati jo jAgarUkatA inameM hai, vaha aura samIkSA kama kaviyome upalabdha hogii| inakI vicArokI kalpanA aura AtmAnubhUtikI preraNA pAThakoke samakSa aisA sundara citra upasthita karatI hai jisase pAThaka anubhUtimeM lIna hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / tAtparya yaha hai ki inakI anubhUtime gaharAI hai, prabala vega nahIM / ataH inake pada pAThakoko DUbanekA avasara dete hai, bahanekA nahI / saMsArarUpI marubhUmikI vAsanArUpI vAlukAse tata kavi zAnti cAhatA hai| vaha anubhava karatA hai ki mRtyukA sabadha, jIvanake sAtha hai, jIvanakA zAzvatika satya mRtyu hai| yaha mRtyu hamAre sirapara sadA vartamAna hai / ataH hara kSaNa pratyeka vyaktiko satarka rahanA cAhiye / kavi gunagunAtA huA kahatA haikAla acAnaka hI le jAyagA, gAphila hokara rahanA kyAre / Teka // chinahU~ tokU nAhiM bacAve, tosumaTana kA rakhanA kyA re .kAla.

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hindI-jainagItikAvya raMca savAda karana ke kAjai, narakana meM dukha bharanA kyA hai| kAla0 // kulajana pathikana ke kAjai, narakana maiM dukha bharanA kyA re // kAlA // Aja darzana ho jAne para kavine AtmAkA vizleSaNa eka bhAvukake nAte bar3A hI sarasa aura ramaNIya kiyA hai| kavi kahatA hai maiM dekhA Atama rAmA // ttek|| rUpa, pharasa, rasa, gaMdha te nyArA, darasa-jJAna guna dhaamaa| nitya niraMjana nAkai nAhI, krodha, lobha-mada kAmA / maiM dekhaa0|| bhUkha-pyAsa sukha-dukha nahiM jAke, nAhI vanapura gaamaa| nahiM sAhaba nahiM cAkara bhAI, nahIM tAta nahiM mAmA // maiM dekhA0 // bhUli anAdi thakI jaga bhaTakata, lai pulakA jAmA / 'budhanana' saMgati jinagurukI te, maiM pAyA mujha ThAmA / maiM dekhA0 // inake padoko bhI do bhAgome vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-bhakti yA prArthanAparaka aura tathyanirUpaka yA dArzanika / donoM prakArake padokA varNya viSaya bhI prAyaH vahI hai / jisakA nirUpaNa pUrvame kiyA jA cukA hai| ___ bhagavadbhakti ke vinA jIvana kisa prakAra viSayoMmeM vyatIta ho jAtA hai | viSayI prANI tapa, dhyAna, bhakti, pUjA Adime apanA citta nahI lgaate| unhe parapariNati hI ayatara pratIta hotI hai| para makti dvArA sahanameM mAnavako Atmabodha prApta ho jAtA, jisase vaha caitanyAbhirAma guNagrAma AtmAbhirAmako prApta kara letA hai / jabataka zarIrame bala hai, zakti hai, tabhI taka pramu-bhajana yA prabhu-vyAnakI kriyAko sampanna kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu zarIrake zithila ho jAnepara bhakti-bhAvanAko sampanna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataeva zarIrake svastha rahanepara avazya hI prabhu-bhajana karanA cAhiye / kavi isI tathyakA nirUpaNa karatA huA mAnava jIvanakA vizlepaNa karatA hai

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102 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana bhanana vina yau~ hI janama gmaayau| pAnI pai yA pAla na bAMdhI, phira pIche pachatAyo / bhajanA rAmA-moha bhaye dina khocata, AzApANa bNdhaayo| japa-tapa saMjama dAna na dInauM, mAnupa janama harAyo / bhajana / deha sIsa jaya kaoNpana lAgI, dasana calAcala thaayoN| lAgI Agi vujhAvana kArana, cAhata kUpa khudaayo|| bhjn|| kavi budhajanakI bhASApara rAjasthAnI bhApAkA prabhAva hI nahIM hai apitu inhoMne rAjasthAnI mizrita baja bhApAkA prayoga kiyA hai| pado pravAha aura prabhAva donA hI vidyamAna hai / rUpakoMme bhASAkI lAkSaNikata aura varNoMkA vicitra vinyAsa bhI hai| jaina-paTa-racayitAomeM kavi vRndAvanakA bhI pratiSThita sthAna hai inake padoMme bhaktikI ucca bhAvanA, dhArmika sajagatA aura Atma nivedana vidyamAna hai| Atma-paritopake sAtha loka hita sampanna karanA hI inake kAvyakA uddezya hai| yadyapi inake padoMmeM maulikatAkA abhAva hai| haoN bhani-vihaltA aura vinamra Atma-samarpaNakai kAraNa abhivyaMjanA zakti pUrNarUpeNa vidyamAna hai| inakI bhAvanAe~ AtmajagatkI sImAse bAhara nikalakara sarvasAmAnyake sAtha sahAnubhUti rakhatI haiN| inakI bhakti kevala Atma-paritopI hI nahIM, vizvavyApaka bhI hai / sukumAra bhAvanAe~ aura layAtmaka saMgItane anubhUti aura kalpanAkA samanvaya prastuta kiyA hai| nirAzAke vATa AgAkA sadeza aura ArAdhyama aTUTa vizvAsa inake padokA prANa hai / kavi kahatA hai - nizadina zrIjina mohi adhAra // Teka // jinake carana-kamalake sevata, saMkaTa kaTata apAra // nizadina0 // jinako vacana sudhArasa-garbhita, merata kumati vikAra nishdin0||

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hindI-jaina-gItikAvya 103 bhava AtApa vujhAvatako hai, mahAmegha jaladhAra // nizadina0 // jinako bhagati sahita nita surapata, pUjata aSTa prakAra nishdin0|| jinako virada vedavida varanata, dAruNa dukha-haratAra // nizadina0 // bhavika vRndakI viyA nivAro, apanI ora nihAra // nizadina0 // nIti-viSayaka pado aura jJAnopadezaka padome kavine jainAgamake siddhAntoMkA pratipAdana karate hue nIti aura jAnakI vAte batAyI hai / yadyapi varNanakI praNAlI atyanta sarala hai, bhASAme mAdhurya guNa hai| dhana dhana zrI guru dIna dayAla // Teka0 // parama digambara sevAdhArI, jagajIvana pratipAla / mUla aThAisa caurAsI lakha, uttara guNa manibhAla // dhana0 // deha bhoga bhayaso virakata nita, parisaha sahata trikAla // dhana0 // zuddha upabhoga joga sudamaMDita, cAkhata surasa rasAla // dhana0 // X X X X seTha sujana bara nidhi bharI, dukha dvanda vidaare| kavi vRndAvanakI mApA para pUrvI bhASAkA prabhAva hai / sukumAra zabdAvalIme svarakI sAdhanA aura tanmayatAkA vyakArI sagIta hai| padoMkA tulanAtmaka vivecana akhaNDa saundaryAtmaka satyake bhaNika parNamAtrase mAnava-hRdaya parispandita ho bhAvanA-lahariyose udvelita hone lagatA hai / isI hRdayAloDanakA pariNAma gIti-kAvya hai, jisameM saMgItakA mAdhyama sarva pradhAna sthAna rakhatA hai| deza, kAla aura vyaktikI sImita paridhise AveSTita ho Antarika sagItakA yaha vyaktarUpa aneka rUpa dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| parantu praraNAkA pradhAna utsa akhila satya vAstavameM akhaNDa aura eka hai| ataH bAhya rUparekhAme mahAna antara hote hue bhI yadi vibhinna gItikArone eka hI maulika tatva vyakta kiye hoM to koI AzcaryakI bAta nahIM / jo kucha vibhinnatA milatI hai vaha to sthUla

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104 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana jagatke prabhAvakA pariNAma hai| sUkSma bhAvajagatmeM to anekatAkA koI sthAna hI nhiiN| isalie yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama vibhinna deza aura kAlake tathA vibhinna dArzanika vicAroM se prabhAvita gItakAroMke maulika tattvoM tathA unakI kalAtmaka vizeSatAoMkA tulanAtmaka vicAra kre| hama dekha cuke hai ki janapada-sAhityame sagItamaya bhAvAtmaka AtmAbhivyakti ke sAtha dArzanika vicArokI abhivyaMjanA bhI antarnihita hai / yadyapi padokA antaraGga-vastutattva hRdayake anurUpa hI sukomala, tarala aura bhAvanApUrNa hai| para mastiSkakI UhApohI aura dArzanika vicAroMkI gahanatA bhI hai| jaina-pada-racayitAoMkI preraNAkA srota jinezvara bhakti yA Atmarati hai| jaina darzanameM bhaktikA rUpa dAsya, sakhya aura mAdhurya bhAvakI bhaktise bhinna hai, ataH koI bhI sAdhaka aneka cikanI-cupar3I prazasAtmaka bAto-dvArA vItarAgI prabhuko prasanna kara unakI prasannatA-dvArA apane kisI laukika yA alaukika kAryako siddha karanekA uddezya nahI rakhatA hai aura na parama vItarAgI devake sAtha yaha ghaTita hI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki saccidAnandamaya prabhume rAgAgakA abhAva honese pUjA, stuti yA bhakti dvArA prasannatAkA sacAra honA asambhava hai; ataeva vaha bhakti karanevAloMko kucha detA, dilAtA nahIM hai| isI taraha dvaipAzakA abhAva honese vItarAgI kisIkI nindAse aprasanna yA kupita bhI nahIM hote hai aura na daNDa dene, dilAnekI hI koI vyavasthA nirdhArita karate hai| nindA aura stuti, bhakti aura IyAM unake lie samAna hai, vaha donoke prati udAsIna haiN| parantu vicitratA yaha hai ki stuti aura nindA karanevAlA svataH abhyudaya yA daNDako prApta kara letA hai / / 1-suhRtvayi zrIsubhagatvamaznute, dvipasvayi prtyy-vtprliiyte| bhavAnudAsInatamastayorapi, prabho! paraM citramidaM tavehitam // 19 // artha-he bhagavan ! ApakA mitrase na anurAga hai aura na zatruse dveSa hai; ataH Apa kisIse prasanna aura maprasanna nahIM hote hai| phira bhI

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pardokA tulanAtmaka vivecana zuddhAtmAoMkI upAsanA yA bhaktikA Alambana pAkara mAnavakA caMcala citta kSaNa bhara ke lie sthira ho jAtA hai, Alambanake guNakA smaraNa kara apane bhItara bhI unhIM guNoko vikasita karanekI preraNA pAtA hai tathA unake guNoMse anuprANita ho mithyA pariNatiko dUra karane ke puruSArthame rata ho jAtA hai| jaina darzanameM zuddha AtmAkA nAma hI paramAtmA hai; pratyeka jIvAtmA karmabandhanoke vilaga ho jAne para paramAtmA bana jAtI hai / ataH apane utthAna aura patanakA dAyitva svaya apanA hai / apane kAryoMse hI yaha jIva ba~dhatA hai aura apane kAryoMse hI bandhanamukta hotA hai / 105 kamakA karttA aura bhoktA bhI yaha jIva hI hai / apane kiye kama kA phala isako svayaM bhoganA paDatA hai| Izvara yA paramAtmA kisI bhI prANIko kisI bhI prakArakA phala nahIM detA hai / isa prakArake IzvarakI upAsanA karanese sAdhakakI pariNati svataH zuddha ho jAtI hai, jisase abhyudayakI prApti hotI hai / ataH jaina darzanAnusAra upAsanA yA bhakti akiMcana yA nairAgyako bhAvanA nahI hai / sAdhaka una zuddhAtmAokI, jinhoMne Atma-saMyama, tapasyA, yoga, dhyAna prabhRtike dvArA karma-bandhanako naSTakara jIvanmukta avasthAko prApta kara liyA hai / pUrNa jJAna jyotike prajvalita ho jAnese jinhoMne sasArake samasta padArthoM eva unake samasta guNa aura avasthAoMko bhalI bhA~ti avagata kara liyA hai, upAsanA karatA hai| isa prakArakI upAsanA yA bhaktise ArAdhakakI AtmA svaccha yA nirmala hotI hai / jaina-pada-racayitAoMne isI bhaktibhAvanAse preraNA prApta kara bhAvAtmaka 'padokI racanA kI hai / yadyapi katipaya pada, jinheM prabhAtI yA badhAIkI ApakI bhakti karanevAlA zrIsamRddhiko aura nindA karanevAlA pApavRddhi ko prAha hotA hai, yahI AzcaryakI bAta hai / -stutividyA /

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106 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana saMjJA dI gayI hai, meM dAsyabhAva vartamAna milegA, parantu pradhAnataH sAdhaka apaneko zuddha karaneke lie isa prakAra zuddhAtmAoMkA Azraya letA hai, jisa prakAra dIpakako prajvalita karaneke lie anya dIpakAkI laukA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| baiMkA avalambana denevAlA dIpaka apane bhItarase kisI vastuko pradAna nahIM karatA hai, para apane tena-dvArA anyako prakAzita yA prajvalita karanemeM sahAyaka hotA hai / jaina pada-racayitAoMne bhI isI bhaktibhAvanAkI abhivyajanA kI hai| avatAravAda inhone nahIM mAnA hai aura na nirguNa yA saguNa siddhAntakai vivAdameM paDanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| jaina nameM anekAntavATakI vivecanA-paraspara ApekSika aneka dharmAtmaka vastukI vivecanA kI gayI hai, jisane ArAdhya bItasagI prabhu ekakI apekSA sunizcita dRSTikoNase saguNa aura anya ApekSika dharmakI apekSA nirguNa hai| yadyapi ArAdhyako zIla, jJAna, zaktikA bhANDAra mAnA hai, jisase koI bhI sAdhaka apanI manorama, gusazaktiyokA udghATana karaneme pragatizIla banatA hai| lokarajana aura lokarakSaNa karanA bhagavAnkA kArya nahIM hai, kintu unake pUta guNokI smRti karanese lokarajanake kArya sahajameM sampanna ho jAte haiM / isI kAraNa jaina-pada-racayitAoko sasArakA vilepaNa karate samaya mAyA, mithyAtva, zarIra, vikAra AdikA vivecana bhI karanA par3A. hai| saMsAra aura pralobhanoMse vacaneke lie jaina-pada-racayitAone mAnava pravRttiyoMkA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| inake mUllota evaM preraNA donokA sthAna hRdaya hai / jaina santokA bhagavatprema zuSka siddhAnta nahIM, apitu. sthAyI pravRtti hai / yaha AtmAkI azubha pravRttikA nirodha kara zubha pravRttikA udaya karatA hai, jisase dayA, kSamA, zAnti Adi zreyaskara pariNAma utpanna hote haiN| jaina padokA varNya viSaya bhakti aura prArthanAke atirikta mana, zarIra, indriya AdikI pravRttiyoMkA atyanta sUkSmatA aura mArmikravAke sAtha

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padoMkA tulanAtmaka vivecana vivecana karanA eva AdhyAtmika bhUmiyokA sparza karate hue sahaja samAdhiko prApta karanA hai| sAdhaka apane isa zarIrakA upayoga mokSaprAptike lie karatA hai, vaha vizvake bhautikavAdakI cakAcaudhate avicalita rahakara svAnubhUti-dvArA AtmAkI vibhAva pariNatiko svabhAva pariNatika rUpame parivartita karatA hai / jainapadome yadyapi U~ce dArzanika siddhAntokA bhI vizleSaNa hai, parantu jIvanakI vyAkhyA apanI pravRttiyokA pariSkAra kara jIvanake carama ladhyako prApta karanekA saketa bhI nihita hai| hindI sAhityama gIta aura pada-racayitAome nirguNa santa kabIra ravidAsa, dAdU, malUkadAsa aura saguNa sampradAyame sUra, tulsI, mIrA Adi makta kaviyokA nAma Adarake sAtha liyA jAtA hai| ina santa aura mattAne padokI racanA kara hindI sAhityame bhakti aura adhyAtma-sambandhI apUrva vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI hai / nirguNa santoMke tAttvika siddhAnta upanipaToMke vedAntavAda tathA jainoke zuddhAtmavAdase bahuta sAmya rakhate haiN| ina saboMkI bhaktikI mUlapreraNA vedAnta yA zuddhAtmavAdase milI, isI kAraNa kavIrane batAyA-"sabake hRdayame paramAtmAkA nivAsa hai| use bAhara na DhUMDhakara bhItara hI DhU~r3hanA cAhiye / AtmA hI paramAtmA hai, donoMme ekatvabhAva hai| isa prakAra pratyeka jIva paramAtmA hai / yahI nahIM, eka arthame jo kucha hai saba paramAtmA hai| nirguNa santoMne avatAravAdakA khaNDana kiyA / pUjA-arcA jisakA sambandha dRzya padArthoro hai, inake vicAroke pratikUla hai / bhautika garIrakI dRSTise koI bhI vyakti Izvara nahIM ho sakatA hai / AtmAkI dRSTise samI AtmAe~ brahma hai / ataeva santAMka matame janma-maraNase rahita parabrahma hI paramAtmA ho sakatA hai| isI parabrahmakA nAma-smaraNa, bhakti aura prema karanese kalyANa hotA hai| jaba isakA prema caramAvasthAko prApta ho jAtA hai to sAdhakakI AtmA usI brahmame mila jAtI hai / isI bhakti-bhAvanAko lekara kavIra, ravidAsa Adi santone adhyAtma-pada race / ina padoMkI tulanA aneka jaina padose kI jA sakatI

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100 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana hai| kavIrake rahasyavAda-sambandhI aneka pada banArasIdAsake padoke samakakSa hai| kabIrakA mAnavIya vikAroM aura pravRttiyoMkA vizlepaNa to aneka azomeM jaina-pada-racayitAoMse samAnatA rakhatA hai| mokSaprAptikA mUlsAdhana brahma yA zuddhAsmAkI smRti hai| manuSya sAsArika svArthaparaka kAryoMme jaise-jaise rata hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise yaha smRti bhI kSINa hotI jAtI hai| kavIrane batAyA hai ki isa sAsArika dvandameM rahate hue bhI kabhI-kabhI brahmakI smRtikI jhalaka prApta ho sakatI hai| manuSya apane svarUpako bhUla jAnese hI sasArameM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| bhrAntise jaise siMha jalamaM paDanevAle prativimbako apanA zatru samajha kruddha ho usase yuddha karane lagatA hai aura aneka vipaciyoko sahana karatA hai, athavA zuka jaise apane ur3anekI cAlako bhUlakara vyAdhakI nalinIpara baiThate hI, usake ghUma jAnese ulTA laTaka jAtA hai aura samajhane lagatA hai ki nalinIne use pakaDa liyA hai| isI prakAra yaha AtmA apane svaspako bhUlakara nAnA prakArake kaSToko uThA rahA hai __apanapo Apa hI visrau| jaise sonahA kA~ca-mandira meM bharamata bhUki maro // jo kehari vapu nirakhi kRpajala pratimA dekhi pro| aisehiM madagaja phaTikazilA para dasanani Ani aro|| marakaTa muThI svAda nA visarai ghara ghara naTata phiro| kaha 'kavIra' nalanI ke suvanA tohi kaune pakaro // kavi daulatarAmane isI AzayakA vivecana kiyA hai| AtmasvarUpakI vismRtike kAraNa hI sasArame aneka kaSTa uThAne par3a rahe hai / bhramavA hI yaha jIva apanese bhinna para-padArthoMko apanA samajha gayA hai| kavi kahatA hai

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padAkA tulanAtmaka vivecana apanI sudhi bhUla Apa, Apa dukha upAyau / jyA zuka nabhacAla bisari nalinI laTakAyau / cetana aviruddha zuddha darazavodhamaya vizuddha , tani jaDarasa-pharasa-rUpa, pudala apnaayo| indriya sukha dukha me nita, pAga rAga rukha meM citta, dAyaka bhava-vipati vRnda bandhako baDhAyau // apanI sudhi bhUla Apa, Apa dukha upAyau / ApA nahiM jAnA tUne, kaisA jJAnadhArI re| dehAzrita kari kriyA Apako, mAnata zivamagadhArI re // bhApa bhramavinAza Apa Apa jAna pAyau, karNazta suvarNa jimi citAra caina thaayo| mero tana tanamaya tana, mero mai tanako nikAla, yau~ kuvodha naza subodha mAna jAyau // aap0|| yaha sujainavaina aina, cintata puni puni sunaina, pragaTau ava bheda nija, niveda guna bar3hAyau / maap0|| yau hI cita acita mizra, jJeya na aheya heya, iMdhana dhanaMja jaise, svAmi yoga gAyau // maap0|| #mara pota chuTata jhaTati, vAchita taTa nikaTata jimi, moha rAga rukha harajiya, zivataTa nikaTAyo / aap0|| vimala saukhyamaya sadIva, maiM hU~ maiM nahiM majIva, jota hota rajjumaya, bhujaMga maya bhagAyau // Apa0 // yauM hI jinacaMda suguna, ciMtata paramAratha cuna, 'daula' bhAga nAgo java, alpa pUrva bhaayau| bhApa //

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana tulanAtmaka dRSTise kabIra aura daulatarAmakai uparyukta paDhome upamAna prAyaH samAna haiN| zramako vyakta karaneke lie kavIrane muAkI nalinI, karNadhRta svarNa, sihakA prativimba, skaTikazilAma gajake dAtAkA prativimya aura vandarakA ghara-ghara nAcanA Adi dRSTAnta diye hai| kavi daulatarAma ne suAkI nalinI, karNadhRta svarNa Adi udAharaNoMko hI lekara bhramakA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai / kabIradAsane jahA~ udAharaNoMke dvArA hI bhramakI abhivyakti kI hai, vahA~ daulatarAmane bhramakI aminyaktime bhrama kyA hai, kisa prakAra ho rahA hai tathA use kisa prakAra dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai, Adi vivecana bhI kiyA hai| arthAt unakI dArzanika bhUmi apekSAkRta vizada hai| kavIrane mAyAkA vivecana karate hue batalAyA hai ki isa mohinI mAyAne sAre sasArako Thaga liyA hai| mAyAkai kAraNa hI viSNu, ziva Adi deva bhI lakSmI aura bhavAnIke AdhIna hai| mAyAkI vyApakatAkA vivecana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai mAyA mahA ThaginI hama jaanii| tiraguna phaoNsa liye kara Dole, bole madhurI bAnI // kegava ke kamalAdvai baiThI, ziva ke bhagna bhavAnI / paMDA ke bhUrati hai baThI, tIratha meM bhai pAnI // yogI ke yoginI hai vaiThI, rAjA ke ghara rAnI / kAhU ke hIrA hai vaiThI, kAhu ke kaur3I kAnI / bhaktana ke bhaktini hai vaiThI, brahmA ke brahmAnI / kaha 'kabIra' suno ho saMto, yaha saba akaya kahAnI / kavi bhUdharadAsane bhI mAyAke usI ThaginI rupakA kavIrate milatAjulatA vivecana kiyA hai| mAyAko ThaginIkA rUpaka DhonoMkA samAna hai| antara itanA hI hai ki jahA~ kavIrane kevala udAharaNo-dvArA mAyA

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padokA tulanAtmaka vivecana 111 -kI dhUrtatAkA vizleSaNa kiyA hai, vahA~ kavi bhUdharadAsane mAyAke mohaka kAyakA nirupaNa karate hue usakI ThAIkA paricaya diyA hai / bhUdharadAsake isa padame vyagyakA puTa rahanese sarva sAdhAraNako adhika prabhAvita karatA hai / kavi bhUSarAma kahatA hai suna ThaganI mAyA, taiM saba jaga Thaga khAyA / Tuka vizvAsa kiyA jina terA, so mUrakha pachitAyA // suna0 // ApA tanaka dikhAya bIja jyAM, mUr3hamatI lalacAyA / kari mada aMdha dharma hara lInau, aMta naraka pahu~cAyA // suna0 // kete kaMtha kiye taiM kulaTA, to bhI mana na aghAyA / kisahI sauM nahi prIti nivAhI, vaha taji aura lubhAyA // suna0 // 'bhUdhara' Thagata phirai yaha sabako, bhauTU kari jaga pAyA / jo isa ugarnAko Thaga baiThe, maiM tisakoM sira nAyA // suna0 // nAma sumiranako sabhI dharmooMne eka vizeSa sthAna diyA hai| nAmasmaraNa karanese mana pavitra hotA hai tathA ArAdhya ke ujjvala guNoMke prati sahaja hI AkarSaNa utpanna hotA hai / vastutaH nAmasmaraNa vAhya sAdhanA nahI hai, kintu eka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hai, dhyAna kA eka bheda hai / jo vinA bhAva ke mantravat nAma duharAne ko saba kucha mAnate hai, kavIrane unakA khaDhana kiyA hai / kabIra ne kahA hai - "paDita vyartha hI bakavAda karate haiM, yadi rAma kahane mAtra se hI sasArako mukti mila jAya to 'khaoNDa' zabdake kahane mAtrase hI hamArA mu~ha mIThA ho sakatA hai / yadi 'Aga' kahanemAtrase hI paoNva jalne ge athavA 'pAnI' kahanemAtra se hI pyAsa jAtI rahe tathA 'bhojana' kahane mAtrase hI bhUkha miTa jAya to sabhI muktike bhAgI ho sakeMge / parantu kevala aise mAntrika smaraNose vAstavame koI lAbha nahIM / " jaina mAnyatAme bhI vinA, hArdika bhAvake nAmasmaraNa yA mAlA pheranA nirarthaka mAnA gayA hai / "yasmAt kriyAH pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyAH " bhAvarahita nAmasmaraNa yA

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana makti karanese Atmika vikAsa nahIM hotA hai| jainadharmakI upAsanA sAdhanAbhaya hai, dInatAmarI yAcanA yA khuzAmada nahIM hai |shuddhaatmaanubhuutike gauravase ota-prota hai; dInatA, kSudratA aura svArthaparatAko isame tanika bhI sthAna prApta nahIM hai| nAmasmaraNa aura bhagavadbhananako jaina sAhityakArone zumapariNati rUpa mAnate hue bhI zuddha pariNavikA prabala sAdhana mAnA hai| ukta Tono sAdhana thAlmAko dhyAna yA samAdhikI ora prerita karate hai| jo kevala zabdoccAraNa kara jApa kara lenemeM apane kartavyakI itizrI mAnate hai, ve vastutaH andheraima hai / hArdika bhAvanAokA upayoga-prabhu-guNAkA dhyAna rahanA paramAvazyaka hai / ataH kavIrake nAmasmaraNa-viSayaka pada jaina padose samatA rakhate haiN| kabIrane bhI zabdocAraNakI apekSA bhAvako pradhAnatA dI hai| saMsArake bAhya dvandaoNma salagna rahanepara bhI sAdhaka ArAdhyake smaraNase apane svarUpako upalabdha karanemeM samartha hotA hai| dhIre-dhIre vaha 'so'I kA anubhava karane lagatA hai aura Age calakara "zuddho'haM, buddho'I, niraMjano'dda kI anubhUti karatA huA apanemeM vicaraNa karatA hai| kabIe kahatA hai bhaju mana jIvana nAma saberA / sundara deha dekha jina bhUlo, mapaTa leta nasa thAna bttes| yaha dehI ko garava na kIjai, ur3a paMchI basa leta baserA yA nagarI meM rahana ma paiho, koha rahi bAya na dUkha dhneraa| kaha 'kabIra' suno bhAI sAdho, mAnupa nanama na paho pherA II nAma sumira pchtaayegaa| pApI jipara loma karata hai, mAna kAla uThi jAyegA I lAlaca lAgI janama ga~vAyA, mAyA bharama bhulAyegA / dhana jobana kA garava na kIje, kAgada jyoM gali jaayegaa|

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padoMkA tulanAtmaka vivecana 113 java jama Ai kesa gahi paTaka, tA dina kachu na bsaayegaa| sumirana bhajana dayA nahiM kInhIM, to mukha coTA khAyegA / dharamarAya jaba lekhA mAMge, kyA mukha leke jaayegaa| kahata 'kabIra' suno bhaI sAdho, sAdha saMga tari jAyegA / kavi daulatarAmane isI Azayake aneka padokI racanA kI hai / nimnapada to bahuta azomeM minte-julate haiM / pAThaka dekheMge ki donoM hI bhakta kalAkArome kitanA sAmya hai bhagavanta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re| yaha saMsAra raina kA supanA, tana dhana pAri-vadhUlA re // bhgvnt0|| isa jovana kA kauna bharosA, pAvaka meM tRNa-pUlA re| kAla kudAla liye sira bA, kyA samajhe mana phUlA re| bhgvnt0|| svAstha sAdhaiM pA~ca pA~va tU, paramAratha kauM lUlA re| kahu kaise sukha paihe prANI, kAma karai dukhamUlA re / / bhgvntH|| moha pizAca chalyo mati mAra, nija kara kaMdha vasUlA re| bhaja zrIrAja matIvara 'bhUdhara', do duramati sira dhUlA re bhgvnt0|| jinarAja nA visAro, mati janma vAdi haaro| nara bhau AsAna nAhiM, dekho soca samajha vAro // jinarAlA suta mAva tAta tarunI, inasauM mamata nivaaro| savahI sage garaja ke, dukhasIra nahiM nihAro / jinarAja0 // nAmasmaraNa aura bhagavat-bhajana karanepara jora dete hue budhajana, Anandadhana, bhAgacanda Adine bhI aneka sarasa padoMkI racanA kI hai| moha, ahaMkAra, kapaTa, AzA, tRSNA, nidrA, nindA, kanaka-kAminI, santoSa, dhairya, dInatA, dayA, satya, ahiMsA, mAnasika vikAra, bhautika jagatko nissAratA Adi-viSayaka pardAma kabIra aura jainapada racayitAo.

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111 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana ke bhAvoMma sAmya-sA hai| aneka padome to kevala zandoMkA antara hai| kahI-kahI kabIrake do-tIna padoMke bhAva daulatarAma, bhUdhara, budhajanake eka padame A gaye haiM aura ekAdha sthalapara jaina-pada-racayitAoMke do-tIna padoMke bhAva kavIrake eka hI padame abhivyakta hue hai / kabIrakA carakhA aura taMbUrekA rupaka bhUdharadAsake carakhAke rUpakase kitanA sAmya rakhatA hai carakhA cale surata virahina kaa| kAyA nagarI banI ati sundara, mahala banA cetana kaa| surata bhA~varI hota gagana meM, pIdA jJAna ratana kA // mihIna sUta virahina kAte, mAjhA prema bhagati kaa| kahaiM 'kabIra' suno bhaI sAdho, mAlA gatho dina raina kA / . sAdho yaha tana ThATha saeNcUre kaa| khaMcata tAra marorata khUTI, nikasata rAga hare kaa| TUTe tAra bikhari gaI khUTI, ho gayA dhUrama dhUre kA // yA dehI kA garaba na kIjai, uDi gayA haMsa taMbUre kaa| kahata kabIra suno bhaI sAdho, agama paMtha koi sUre kA // bhUdharadAsa kahate haiM carakhA calatA nAhI, carakhA huA puraanaa| paga khaTe dvaya hAlana lAge, ura madarA khkhraanaa| chIdI huI pA~khar3I pasalI, phire nahI manamAnA // carakhA0 / / rakhanA takanI ne bala khAyA, so ava kaise khuutte| sabada sUta sUdhA nahiM nikasa, ghaDI ghaDI pala TUTai // carakhA0 // Ayu mAla kA nahIM bharosA, aMga calAcala saare| roja ilAja marammata cAhai, vaida bAdaI hAre / carakhA0 //

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padokA tulanAtmaka vivecana nayA carakhalA raMgAraMgA, sabakA citta buraavai| palaTA carana gaye guna agale, ava dekhai nahiM bhAvai // carakhA0 // moTA mahIM kAta kara bhAI, kara apanA surakSerA / anta bhAga meM iMdhana hogA "bhUdhara" samakSa saberA // carakhA0 // rUpakomeM jaina-pada-racayitAone nirguNa santoke samAna AdhyAtmika rahasyoMkI abhivyakti apUrva Dhagase kI hai| AdhyAtmika jIvanake bIja AtmanirIkSaNa aura pazcAtApakI bhAvanApara jaina kaviyone vizeSa jora diyA hai| __upAsanAke lie upAsyake viziSTa vyaktitvakI AvazyakatA-samajha saguNa bhaktikA AvirbhAva huaa| saguNa upAsakoMmeM kRSNabhakti-gAkhA aura rAmabhakti zAkhAme zreSTha kalAkAra hue, jinhone pada aura gItokI racanAkara hindIke bhaNDArakI vRddhi kii| mahAkavi sUradAsane pada-sAhityame navIna udbhAvanAe~, komala kalpanAe~ aura vaidagdhapUrNa vyajanAe~ kii| vastutaH sUra mAva-jagatke samrATa mAne gaye haiN| hRdayako jivanI gaharI thAha sUrane lI, utanI zAyada hI kisI anya kavine lI ho / yadyapi sUrane apane padoko racanA jayadeva aura vidyApatikI gIta paddhatipara kI hai| phira bhI sajIvatA, citramayatA, manovaigAnikatA aura svAmAvikatAke kAraNa inake padoMme maulikatA pUrNarUpase vidyamAna hai| jaina-pada-racayitAoMse sUrake pada kalpakSa aura bhAvapakSakI dRSTi se aneka azoMme sAmya rakhate hai| jisa prakAra sUrane gaurI, sAraga, AsAvarI, soraTha, bhairavI, dhanAzrI, dhrupada, vilAvala, malAra, jaitizrI, vihAga, zajhorI, sohanI, kAnharA, kedArA, Imana Adi rAga-rAganiyome padokI racanA kI hai, usI prakAra prabhAtI, bilAvala kanaDI, rAmakalI, alahiyA, AsAvarI, jogiyA, mAjha, ToDI, sAraga, lahari sAraMga, pUravI, gaur3I, kAphI kanar3I, Imana, azorI, khamAca, ahiMga, gAro kAnharo, kedArA, soraTha, vihAga, mAla

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198 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana kosa, parana, kAliMgaDI, gajala, malhAra, devatA, vilAvanda, vA, fier3A, hu, Adi aneka rAga-rAginiyona na-pada- racayitAoMne padakI racanA kI hai| saMgItakA mAdhurya narake parva ke mamgana hI jainapadoma mI vidyamAna hai / S anvanaMganane citragakI dRSTile narakaM aneka pada jaina-padaka sammAna mAtrapUrNa haiM / bAmmulya zRMgAra aura zAnta ina tInoM rasoMkA paripAka sUrake padoMmeM vidyamAna hai / vanmulya ramake citraNa cAnmanIviDAna, zrahAra- viyaka padoMmeM premakI vRtikA vyApaka digdarzana evaM bhakti-viyaka padoMmeM AtmAbhivyakti pUrNa rUpase huI hai / vinayake padoM ke Arambha meM ArAdhya zrIkRSNakI stuti karate hue kavi kahatA hai caranakamala banda harinAha / bAkI kRpA paMgu giri laMbe, ambeko saba kucha darasAi // bahiro suna, gUMga puni bole, raMka caleM sira chatra dharAr3a | 'sUradAsa' svAmI nAmaya, vAramvAra banda tihi pAI // jainapadAe~ isa Azaya aneka pada haiN| budhadanakA eka pada uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai / kitanI samAnatA hai-- yahA~ tulanAke lie kavi paTaka dekheMge ki donoMmeM tuma carananakI DArana, Aya sukha pAyau / atra trira matra na maiM Dosyo, janma janma hunna pAyau // numaH // aiso sunna surapati ke nAhIM, mau mukha jJAna na gAya | atra matra sampati mAM dara AI, mana vatra tana naiM uTha kara garmI, bArambAra cIna 'ghanana Aja parama par3ha lAyau // tula0 // kabahu~ na jyA viparAyI / kI manako nAtrI // tunaH || 1 suhAne apane nnakA pariSkAra karate hue apanI dUSita pravRttiyAMtrI nindA kI hai| aNa apane ArAdhya ke sam panI AtmAlocanA karate

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padoMkA tulanAtmaka vivecana hue apanI kamajoriyo aura truTiyokA yathArtha pratipAdana kiyA hai| jainapada-racayitAome kavi bhAgacandake pada saradAsake ina padose bahuta kucha sAmya rakhate hai| AtmAlocana aura pazcAttApa sambandhI eka-do pada tulanAke lie uddhRta kiye jAte haiM / sUradAsa kahate haiM mo sama kauna kuTila khala kaamii| tuma sauM kahA~ chipI karunAmaya, sabake antrjaamii|| jo tana diyo tAhi bisarAyo, aisau nona-harAmI / bharibhari droha viSa ko dhAvata, jaise sUkara mAmI // suni satasaMga hota liya mAlasa, viSayani saMga visarAmI / zrIhari-carana chADi vimukhani kI, nisadina karata gulAmI // pApI parama, adhama aparAdhI, saba patitani meM naamii| 'sUradAsa' prabhu madhama-udhArana, puniyai zrIpati svAmI // kavi bhAgacanda bhI pazcAttApa karate hue kahate haiM mo sama kauna kuTila khala kAmI, tuma sama kalimala dalana na nAmI / hiMsaka jhUTha bAda mati vicarata, paradhana-hara paravanitAgAmI / lomita cita nita cAhata dhAvata, dazadiza karata na khAmI mo sm0|| rAgI deva bahuta hama jA~ce, rAce nahi, tuma sA~ce svaamii| bA~ce zruta kAmAdika poSaka, seye kuguru sahita dhana dhAmI // mo sama0 bhAga udaya se maiM prabhu pAye, vItarAga tuma antarajAmI / tuma dhuni suni paramaya meM paraguNa, jAne nijaguNa cita visraamii||mosm0 tumane pazu pakSI saba tAre, tAre aMjana cora sunAmI / 'bhAgacaMda' karuNAkara sukhakara, haranA yaha bhavasantati lAmI |mo sama0 kavi sUradAsane vipayokI aura jAte hue manako rokA hai aura

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana use nAnA prakArase phaTakArate hue AtmAkI ora unmukha kiyA hai| nAnA prakArakI AkAMkSAeM aura tRSNAe~ hI isa manako AkRSTa kara viparyoma malagna kara detI haiM, jisame bholA asahAya mAnava viSayecchAyoM kI agnimeM jalatA rahatA hai| anAdikAlase mAnava vikAra aura vAsanAoMke AdhIna calA A rahA hai, jisase ime jIvanakI vividha pravRttiyoMke anuzIlanakA avasara hI nahIM milA hai| kavi sUradAsane manako samajhAte hue ahakAra aura mamakArakI bhAvanAme manako dUra rakhanekI bAta kahI hai / vAstavameM adhyAtma-Ananda tabhI prAta ho sakatA hai, jaba mana aura hRdayakA pariSkAra kara liyA jAya / isa svArthI saMsArake vAhya rupako dekhakara manuSya apaneko bhUla jAtA hai, isI kAraNa vaha maNika indriya-janya sukhoMmeM AnandakA anubhava karatA hai| cirantana Ananda kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, moha, IyAM, mAtsarya Adi vikAroka parAsta karane para hI prApta ho sakatA hai| satya, santopa aura pavitratA tamI A sakatI hai, jaba mAnava apanI AtmAma jAna aura dhyAnakI agniko prajvalita kare | mamatva bhAva hI vastutaH aneka duHkhoM kI jar3a hai| mamatA ke kAraNa hI para-vastuoko mAnava apanI samajhatA hai| nija prakRtimeM dopa utpanna kara apaneko duHkhI banAtA hai| prayojanIbhUta tattvoMkA cintana aura manana na kara zarIrako hI apanA samajha letA hai| kavi sUradAsa mAnavake acAna bhramako dUra karatA huA kahatA hai remana mUrakha, janma geNvaayo| kara abhimAna viSaya-rasa rA~cyo, syAma sarana nahiM Ayo / yaha saMsAra phUla samara ko, sundara dekhi bhulaayo| cAkhana lAgyo ruI gaI ur3i, hAtha kachu nahiM Ayo / kahA bhayo aba ke mana soce, pahale nAhiM kamAyo / kahata 'sUra' bhagavanta-bhajana dinu, sira dhuni dhuni pachitAyo /

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padoMkA tulanAtmaka vivecana 119 jA dina mana paMchI uDi jaihaiN| tA dina tere tana-taruvarake, sabai pAta jhari jaihaiM / gharake kaheM, begi hI kADhau, bhUta bhaye koDa khaihaiN| jA prItama soM prIta ghanerI, soU dekhi DaraihaiM / re mana janma akAratha jAta / bichure milana bahuri kaba Dhahai, jyo taruvarake pAta // sannipAta kapha kaNTha-virodhI, rasanA dUrI bAta / prAna liye jama jAta mUDhamati, dekhata jananI tAta // kavi sUradAsane Upara jisa prakArakA sasAra, garIra aura viSayoke sambandhame citraNa kiyA hai, ThIka vaisI hI bhAvAbhivyaJjanA jaina kaviyone kI hai| jaina-pada-racayitAone vatAyA hai ki hama svabhAvase sukhI, jJAnI tathA sahaja Ananda spa cetana haiM / apane isa svabhAvake bhUla jAneke kAraNa hI hama duHkhI ho rahe hai | zarIra jaDa hai, vizvake anya padArtha bhI jar3a haiN| yadyapi caitanya Atmake guNokI abhivyakti zarIra Adi nimittoke AdhIna hai, para svalpataH AtmA inase bhinna hai| mAnavako duHkha karmabandhake kAraNa AtmAke vikRta ho jAnese hai| AtmAkI rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNati hI karmavandhakA kAraNa hai, ataH isa zarIrako parapadArtha samajha kara zuddhAtma-tattvako prApta karanekI ceSTA karanI caahie| vyartha hI mAnava rAgadveSa rUpa pariNatime Asakta rahatA hai tathA isI Asaktime isa amUlya jIvanako vyatIta kara detA hai / sabhI jaina kalAkAroMne jIvana aura jagatke vividha rahasyokA udghATana sahRdaya sarasa kavike rUpame kiyA hai, kevala dArzanika vanakara nahIM, yadyapi darzanakI sabase baDI thAtI unake pAsa thii| isI kAraNa inake jIvana sambandhI ina vizlepoMme Thosa sasArakI vAstavikatA kalpanA aura mAvanAke manorama AvaraNameM nihita hai / jIvanake

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120 hindIjaina-sAhitya-parizIlana prati inakA eka vizeSa bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa hai, jisase jagatke vibhinna satyokA vizleSaNa baDe hI sundara Dhagase kiyA hai| ahakAra aura mamakAra jo ki jIvanake sabase prabala vikAra hai, jinake kAraNa hamArA jIvana nirantara vicalita rahatA hai, kA spaSTa aura bhAvanAtmaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / sUradAsake hI samAna kavi banArasIdAsa bhI kahate haiM aise kyoM prabhu pAiye, suna mUrakha prAnI / jaise nirakha mIricikA, mRga mAnata pAnI // jyo pakavAna curailakA, viSayarasa tyo hii| tAke lAlaca tU phire, bhrama bhUlata yoM hI // deha apAvana kheTakI, apanI kari maanii| bhASA manasA karama kI, teM apanI kari jAnI // kavi bhUdharadAsa mI saMsArake vipayose sAvadhAna karate hue kahate haiMmere mana suvA, jinapada pIjare vasi, yAra lAva na ghAra re / saMsAra meM balavaccha sevata, gayo kAla apAra re| viSaya phala tisa tor3i cAkhe, kahA dekhyo sAra re| kavi budhajana kahate hai re mana mUrakha bAvare mati dIlana lAvai / apare zrI arahantakauM, yo mausara jAvai // narabhava pAnA kaThina hai, yo surapati caahai| ko jAne gati kAla kI, yau acAnaka Avai // chUTa gaye aba chUTate, jo chUTA cAvai / saba chuTai yA jAlauM, yo Agama gAvai //

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121 padoMkA tulanAtmaka vivecana 'bhoga roga ko karata haiM, inakI mata lAvai / mamatA taji samatA gahau, 'budhajana' sukha pAvai // kyo remana tirapata nahiM koya / anAdi kAla kA vipayana rAcyA, apanA sarabasa khoya // 'neku cAkha kai phira na bAhuDe, bhadhikA lapaTai joya / jyoM jyo bhoga milai tyo tRSNA, adhikI adhikI hoya // mana re tene janma bhakAraya khoyo| tU Dholata nita jagata dhaMdha meM, le vipayana rasa lUTyo / / isa prakAra jaina kaviyone AzAke nindha rUpakI vivecanA sUradAsa ke samAna hI kI hai| vastutaH AzA itanI pracaNDa ami hai ki isame jIvanakA sarvasva svAhA ho jAtA hai| jaina kaviyoMne isI kAraNa manakI vividha dazAokA vivecana sUkSma spase kiyA hai| mahAkavi tulsIdAsake paTokI prasiddhi bhI hindI sAhityameM atyadhika hai / inhoMne buddhivAdake sAtha hRdayavAdakA bhI samanvaya kiyA hai| inake AdhyAtmika aura vinaya-viSayaka padokA sakalna vinayapatrikAme hai| inake matase antaskI zuddhike lie bhakti Avazyaka hai, isake lie pramu-kRpA honI caahiye| ___ bhaktike lie do bAteM Avazyaka hai-prathama ArAdhyakI apAra vaibhavazAlInatA, zaktipUrNatA aura sarvaguNasampannatAkA anubhava aura dvitIya apanI tucchatA, AtmaglAni, dInatA aura asamarthatAkA pradarzana sacce bhakta apanI dInatA yA asamarthatA pradarzita karaneme adhika

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122 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana AnandAnubhUlikA anubhava karate hai| kavi tulasIdAsane apane pado aura bhajanome bhaktike sabhI sAdhana-majana (nAma-smaraNa ), zaraNAgata bhAva, caritrazravaNa-manana-kIrtana, zAnta svabhAvakI prAptikA yana, ArAdhyaka svalpakA dhyAna, mana aura garIrake sayama-dvArA sA vyakI prApti, ArAdhyase sambaddha gagA, citrakUTa Adi tIrthAkA vandana-smaraNa eva satsaMga, sAdhusevA, zivabhakti, hanumadbhakti AdikA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dAsyabhAvakI bhakti na honepara bhI jaina-paDha-racayitAone tulasIdAsake samAna hI apane pada aura bhajanAma bhaktyaGgoko sthAna diyA hai| Atmazuddhike lie bhI rAgAtmikA bhaktiko lAbhadAyaka batalAyA hai| jainakaviyoMke dvArA racita pada-sAhitya antaHkaraNameM rasa utpanna kara manako saba orase haTAkara usIma lIna karatA hai| inake paTa bhAva, mApA, zailI aura rasakI dRSTise kavIra, sara, tulasI Adi hindIke kaviyose kisI bhI bAtameM hIna nahI hai / tulsIne apanI vinayapatrikA gaNezajIkI stutise Arambha kI hai| jainakavi vRndAvana bhI apane ArAyya RSabhanAthakI vandanAse hI kAryArambha karanekI ora saketa karatA hai| ___ kavi tulasIdAsane bhagavAnse prArthanA kI hai ki he prabho, Apake caraNoM ko choDa aura kahA~ jAU~ ? sasArama patitapAvana nAma kisakA hai ? jo dInopara niSkAma prema karatA hai vahI saccA ArAdhya ho sakatA hai / kavine aneka udAharaNo dvArA bhagavAnkI sarva-zaktimattAkA vivecana kiyA hai| usane deva, daitya, nAga, muni Adiko mAyAke AdhIna pAyA, ataeva vaha sarvavyApaka ArAyake mahattvako batalAtA huA kahatA hai jAU~ kahA~ taji carana tumhaare| kAko nAma patitapAvana jaga, kehi ati dIna piyAre // 900 kauna deva varAi virada-hita, hamhiThi adhama udhAre / khaga, mRga, vyAdha pakhAna viTapa jaDa, navana-kavana suratAre // 2 //

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padAkA tulanAtmaka vivecana deva, hanuna, muni, nAga. manuja sava, mAyA vivasa vicAre / tinake hAtha 'dAsa tulsI' prabhu, kahA apanapI hAre // 3 // pavi daulatarAma bhI isI AgayakA viglepaNa karate hue kahate haiM jAU~ kahA~ taja zarana vihaare| cUka anAditanI yA hamarI, mApha karo karuNA gunadhAre // 1 // ivata hI bhavamAgarama bhava, tuma vina ko muha pAra nikaaro||2|| tuma mama deva avara nahi koI, tAteM hama yaha hAtha pasAre // 3 // mosama adhama aneka udhAre, baranata haiM zruta zAstra apAre // 4 // 'daulata' ko bhavapAra karo aba, AyA hai zaranAgata thAre // 5 // kavi nulsIdAsakaM poMmeM manakA viTalepaNa, jagatkI kSaNabharatA eka Atmagodhana aura harismaraNakI AvazyakatAkA pratipAdana jaina-padaracayitAoke samAna hI kiyA hai / kavi kahatA hai maiM hari, patita-pAvana sune| maiM patita numa patitapAvana, dou bAnaka bne| kavi budhajanane mI isI Agayaka aneka pada race hai patita-udhAraka dInadayAnidhi, sunyau tohi ttpgaaro| mere Agunapai nati jAvo, apano sujasa vicaaro|| patita udhAraka patita raTata hai, suniye araja hmaarii| tumaso deva na Ana jagata meM, jAsauM kariye pukArI // isI prakAra kavi tulasIdAsaka pada jaina padoke sAtha bhAva, bhASA aura gailIkI dRSTi se sAmya rakhate haiM / prAcIna kaviyoM ke atirikta Adhunika chAyAvAdI aura rahatyavAdI kaviyoMke AdhyAtmika gIta bhI jainapadose aneka agoMme anuprANita haiN|.

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana jisa paristhitime sasIma AtmA vizvake saundaryama asIma paramAtmAkai cira sundara rUpakA darzana kara usase tAdAtmya sthApana karaneke lie Akula ho uThatI hai, usa sthitikA citraNa AdhyAtmika jainapaDhoMse grahaNa kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| mahAdevI varmAke cintanaparaka aura bhaktiparaka gItAkI bhAvasaraNI rUpa-saundarya aura bhAvanAoke gAmbhIryakI dRSTise mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ke padose prabhAvita pratIta hotI hai| dono kalAkAroke antasmai dArzanika siddhAntakI bhAvadhArA eka-sI hI hai| mahAdevI varmA avyakta sattAkA apane bhItara anubhava karatI huI budvikA vikAsa aura bhAvanAkA parikAra kara kahatI haiM 124 sakhI maiM hU~ amara suhAga bharI ! priyake ananta anurAga bharI ' kisako tyAgU~ kisako mA~gU~ ; hai eka mujhe madhumaya cipamaya; mere pada chUte hI hote, koTe kaliyA~ prastara rasamaya / pArTI naga kA abhizApa kahA~, pratiromoMmeM pulakeM laharIM / X x fir cintana hai sajani kSaNa kSaNa navIna suhAginI maiM / x x priya sAMdhya gagana, merA jIvana ! kavi vanArasIdAsa bhI AtmAkI rahasyamayI pravRttiyokA udghATana karate hue kahate haiM--

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padoMkA tulanAtmaka vivecana 125 bAlama tuhu vana citavana gAgari phuuttii| acarA gau phaharAya sarama gai chUTI // bAlamaH / hU~ tika rahU~ je sajanI rajanI ghora / ghara karakeu na jAnai pahu~disi cora // baalm| piDa sudhiyAvata vanameM paisiTa peli| chADaTha rAja DagariyA bhayau ali // bAlama0 / saMvarau sAradadAmini aura guru bhAna / kachu balamA paramAratha kahIM bakhAna // baalm0|| yA cetanakI saba sudhi gii| vyApata mohi vikalatA bhii| piu nirantara rahata sajani / vipaya mahArasa cetana viSa smvl| chADahu vegi vicAra pApataru mUla // kavi prasAdake aneka rahasyavAdI dArzanika gItopara jainapadokI bhAvasaraNIkA prabhAva spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| kavi prasAda kahatA hai ki jIva vRddhAvasthA aura mRtyuke bhayase sadA duHkhI rahatA hai| jIvanameM jitane parivartana hote A rahe haiM, unakI koI sImA nahIM hai| jIvanameM amaratA svAnubhUtiko prApta karanA hI hai| vizvakA aNu-aNu parivartanakI ora agrasara ho rahA hai, parivartana hI jIvanakA eka satya siddhAnta hai / amara AtmAmeM bhI zAzvata parivarcana hotA hai / yaha jIvAtmA zuddha honeke lie pratikSaNa prayatnazIla hai|

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126 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana mAnava jIvana aneka tRSNA aura AkAkSAoMkA kendra hai / hRdayama aneka prakArakI lAlasAeN varAvara uThatI rahatI hai| jaise pahAr3akI coTiyoMse bAdala TakarAte haiM, usI prakAra aneka icchAe~ jIvanake kagAroMse TakarAtI rahatI hai| bAdaloMke barasanese nadI pravAhita hotI hai aura pahAr3I bhUmimai hAhAkAra guru garjana karatI huI taraMgAyita ho Age bar3hatI hai, ThIka isI prakAra vedanA-paripUrNa oNsuyorka varasanese nAnA prakArakI vRttiyoM jAgrata hotI hai / kavi prasAda jIvanake vyartha bItane para pazcAttApa karatA huA kahatA hai sava jIvana vItA jAtA hai, dhUpa chA~ha ke khela sadRza / sava0 / samaya bhAgatA hai pratikSaNa meM, nava-atIta ke tupArakaNa meM, hameM lagAkara bhaviSya raNa meM, Apa kahA~ chipa jAtA hai / savaH / kavi dyAnatarAyane bhI jIvana ke yoM hI bItane para pazcAttApa prakaTa kiyA hai| jIdhana yoM hI jAtA hai| bAlapane meM jJAna na pAyo, kheli kheli sukha pAyA hai| samaya nikalatA hai pratikSaNa hI, mUrakha madameM soyA hai| dhUpa-cA~danI jhilamila karatI, le AzAoM kA gherA hai| dhani cetana tU jAga Aja re, mUrakha raina baserA hai| kavi prasAdakA cirakAlIna azAnti-citraNa, jisame jIvanake sukhadukha, harpa-vipAda, AzA-nirAzAkI bhAvanAoMkA mArmika citraNa

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padAkA gulanAgmaka vivecana 1ra0 hai pani bhUgaratAma aura bhagna pagame anuprANina-mA pratIta hotA hai| bhagATAta. na jagabharaNa cira zAnta / nimako apagaka samajha meM manISanarma parivartana ananta, amara ra yAta maya bhUlaMgA numa bhAkula damako ho bhanna / mapi bhUpAre tApA mAnI muSi-yudhi bimarAnI / caMcala pisa gharana ghira rAga, viSayana te prtii| bhAnana meM gunagAya nirantara, pApana pAya jajI // sAnapAnadoga bhAganati gomana aura gAra gandaoNka sambalse abhinana / paTomegAsTAla munna / yaSi yanAramIdAsa, bhUparadAma, bhAgananda, daulatagama, panna, mAnandapanake paTa hindI gadinya nidhi nabha pacaura, ghara aura gulgI jaise pani adhir AgmAguni yimAna hai|

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tRtIyAdhyAya aitihAsika gItikAvya atItase sadA mAnavakA moha rahA hai| yaha atIta cAhe sunahalA ho athavA maTamailA, para usase leha karanA mAnavakA svAbhAvika guNa hai| atItake prati isa prakAra Akarpita honekA pradhAna kAraNa yaha hai ki bhUtakAlIna ghaTanAokI madhura smRti vartamAnakAlIna kaThinAiyoko vismRta karA sarasa AnandAnubhUti pradAna karatI hai| bItI bAtoMke cintaname apUrva rasAnubhUti hotI hai, hRdaya gaurava-rasase labAlaba bhara jAtA hai| mAnavakA AdikAlase hI kucha aisA abhyAsa hai, jisase vaha yathArtha jIvanake saMkalpoMse Upara uTha kalpanA-lokome vicaraNa kara svarNima atItakI sajIva pratimA gar3hatA hai| pUrvajoMkA jvalanta Adarza nasa-nasameMuSNa rakta pravAhita kara detA hai| ujjvala atItakA prakhara prakAza mAnavake vartamAna andhakArako vicchinna kara use Alokita karatA hai, aura prastuta karatA hai use dAnavatAse uThA mAnavatAme / bhUtakAlase pRthak rahakara manuSya apane vartamAnase abhijJa nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoki vartamAnake sAtha bhUtakAla isa prakAra lipaTA huA hai, jisase pratyeka vartamAna maNa atIta banatA jA rahA hai| pratyeka kSaNakA kriyA-vyApAra atItake kopamai sacita hotA jA rahA hai tathA kAlAntarame yahI itihAsakA pratipAdya viSaya bananekA ummedavAra hai| yahI kAraNa hai. ki aitihAsika sthalo eva mahApuruSoMke nAmoke sAtha hamAre hRdayakA ghaniSTha sambandha hai aura isI kAraNa hama itihAsa-premI banate haiN| mAnavazAna-kopakA pratyeka kaNa isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki itihAsakA kalevara. sAhityase hI nirmita hotA hai| pratyeka deza, pratyeka rASTra aura pratyeka nAti.

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aitihAsika gItikAvya apanI AdarzamayI yazasvI gaurava gAthAoMke maulika upAdAnoMko lekara aitihAsika kAvyoMkA sRjana karatI haiN| kyoki itihAsa hI rASTra aura vyaktike jIvanamaM caitanya, sphUtti, svAbhimAna, AzA aura gauravakI bhAvanA utpannakara mAnavako gatizIla jIvanakI ora agrasara karatA hai / jabataka hame apanI prAtana saskRti aura AcAra-vyavahArokI abhijJatA nahI rahatI, hama vAstavika unnati karanekA abhyAsa nahIM kara pAte / mahAbhAratameM kRSNa dvaipAyanane isI kAraNa dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa aura purAvRtta kathAoMkA mizrita rUpa itihAsako kahA hai / itihAsame atItake samI calacitra citrita kiye jAte haiM, jisase AgAmI paramparA jAgaraNa prApta karatI hai / kavi yA sAhityakArone mAnavatAko akSuNNa rakhaneke lie sarasa, rAgAtmaka, marmasparzI aura komala-kamanIya bhAvanAo kI abhivyaJjanAke sAtha aitihAsika vyaktiyoke caritra, sAskRtika sthalokI gauravagAthA, dharma aura saMskRti pratiSThApakoM ke tyAga balidAna eva satsAhitya nirmAtAoMkI jIvanagAthA bhI abhivyakta kI hai / mahAbhArata ke racayitAne isI kAraNa itihAsako mohAndhakAranAzaka dIpaka kahA hai dharmArthakAmamokSANAmupadezasamanvitam / pUrvavRttakathAyuktamitihAsaM pracakSate // itihAsapradIpena mohAvaraNaghAtinA / lokagarbhagRhaM kRtsnaM yathAvat saMprakAzitam // 129 nifer arthazAstra racayitA cANakyane bhI itihAsake vipayakA pratipAdana karate hue purANa, itivRtta, AkhyAyikA, udAharaNa, dharmazAstra aura arthazAstrakI anvitikA nirUpaNa karanA itihAsakA viSaya batAyA hai / vastutaH atIta-citraName hamArA citta ramatA hai, saundaryakA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai aura purAtana udAtta bhAvanAoMkA avalambana pA hama sarvatomukhI vikAsakI sIDhIpara car3hate hai / 'aha' aura 'mama' kI bhAvanAme pariSkAra hotA hai, jisase antaH vizvAsakI dhArA apanI prakharatAkai kAraNa UparI

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130 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana satahapara lage vikAroko hI nahIM, apitu Antarika jagatme praviSTa ho pramAda aura burAiyoko bhI prakSAlita kara detI hai| kalA-saundaryake marmoMne janodvodhanake lie aitihAsika kAvyokI AvazyakatA isIlie pratipAdita kI hai, jisase jIvanakI palAyana aura TainyavRtti chUTa jAya tathA bhAvavIciyA~ eka layase taragita ho pAThakako rasamama banA sake / pUrvajoke vala, vaibhava aura vikramase anuprANita ho mAnava jIvana-sagrAmame Antarika aura bAhya dvandoke madhya laDakhaDAtA huA lokamagalake dIpa prajvalita kara sake tathA jIvanake carama lakSya AnandAnubhUtiko pA ske| makti-vibhora ho jaina kaviyone apane dharmAcAyau~kA jIvanavRtta bhI kAvyAme akita kiyA hai| isa AmnAyama gurukA sthAna devake tulya mAnA gayA hai, ataH devatulya unakI bhakti karanA aura apanI zraddhA bhAvanAko unake caraNome ur3elanA jIvanotthAnake lie parama Avazyaka hai| hindI bhASAke jaina kaviyoMne sahasro gIta mahApuruSoke kIrti-smaraNameM race hai, jiname sUkSma aura vyApaka dhArmika bhAvanAe~ vyakta huI hai / sarasa aura manohara rAga-rAganiyome race jAneke kAraNa ina gItome apUrva mAdhurya aura lAlitya hai / ye gIta zRgAra-bhAvanAke sthAname hRdayakI sAttvika aura udAtta bhAvanAoko uttejita karate haiM / jaina guru aura muniyoMne apane dharma-pracArake lie jo tyAga yA camatkAra dikhalAyA hai, usakA saraNa ina gItome kiyA gayA hai| gItokI ora lokaruci vizeSa rahaneke kAraNa tathA apanI bhAvAnubhUtiko vyakta karanekI suvidhA adhika honeke kAraNa jaina kaviyone gItikAvyakA praNayana adhika kiyA hai| tIrthayAtrA yA anya dhArmika utsavoke avasarapara aitihAsika gIta gAye jAte hai, ina gItAme purAtana gaurava-gAthAe~ nihita rahatI haiN| jisase sAdhAraNa vyakkime dhArmika bhAvanA umar3a jAtI hai aura vaha apane dharma-pracArake mahattvakA mUlyAGkana kara letA hai| mahApurupokA kIrti-saraNa karanese dhRti aura sAhasakI bhAvanA jAgRta ho jAtI hai| dAnavIroMkI

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aitihAsika gItikAvya 131 yazogAthAe~ dAna denekI preraNA to detI hI hai, para sAtha hI dharmotkarSaka lie AnandapUrvaka samasta kaSToko sahana karanekA sadeza bhI hRdaya paTala para akita kara detI hai / vaiyaktika vikAsake vIja bhI inameM vyAta hai| aitihAsika gItomeM jaina kaviyone aitihAsika tathyoMke sAtha anubhUti aura kalpanAkA pradarzana bhI kiyA hai| mahat anubhUtike vinA na to aitihAsika tathya hI prabhAvotpAdaka ho sakate hai aura na kalpanA hI Thahara sakatI hai| jina gItome anubhUtikA abhAva hai, ve niSprANa hai, uname mAnava hRdayako ramAnevAle tattva nahIM haiN| anubhUtihIna kalpanA aura tathyavivecana jIvana-tattvoko choDakara gatizIla honeke kAraNa hRdayako apane sAtha nahIM le jA sakate hai, ataH hRdaya tattvakA abhAva honese ve lokapriya nahIM bana sakate hai| jina gItoMme lokAnurajanakI kSamatA hotI hai, ve hI janatAke hRdayameM rasAnubhUti utpanna kara sakate hai tathA mAnava isI prakArake gItoMko apanA kaNThahAra banAtA hai| kalpanA aura vaicinyakI pradhAnatA rahane para bhI lokAnurajanake abhAvameM gIta jIvanako anuprANita kara sakege, isame sandeha hai| ataeva jaina kaviyone aitihAsika gItoMme jIvana-tattvokA pUrA samAveza kiyA hai, unhoMne lokAnuraMjana aura anubhUti ko pUrA avakAza diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aitihAsika honepara mI jaina-gIta lokapriya haiN| yadyapi samayake prabhAvase aba adhikAza purAne gItAko jaina janatA bhUla rahI hai, phira bhI ina gItokA mahattva sadA akSuNNa rhegaa| gItikAvyake vikAsa-kramako avagata karaneke lie tathA jIvanakI bhAvadhArAse paricita honeke lie jaina aitihAsika gItikAvyokA vizeSa mahatva hai| bhASAke pArakhiyoMke lie to aitihAsika jaina gItokA atyadhika mahatva hai hI, para kalApArakhiyoke lie bhI jIvana-tattvAMkA abhAva nahIM hai| bAhya saundaryAnubhUtike sAtha antaHsaundaryakA itanA suspaSTa varNana kma hI saloMmeM milegA / antaH sAdhanake sparma jJAna, darzana aura cAritrako mahattvA dI

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132 hindI - jaina-sAhitya- parizIlana gayI hai, kintu hRdaya - padmako vikasita honekI pUrI gujAiza hai / yadyapi ina aitihAsika gItikAvyoMme rAgAtmaka tattvoMkI anubhUti adhika gaharI nahI hai; jisase zAyada katipaya samAlocaka hRdaya-ramaNa-vRttikA abhAva * anubhava kareMge; parantu dArzanika pRSThabhUmipara bhakti bhAvanAkA puTa itanA adhika hai jisase carAcara jagatke sAtha mAnavakA sauhArda sthApita ho jAtA hai | ahisAkI sUkSma aura sarasa vyAkhyAeN rahaneke kAraNa mAnava sahAnubhUti-sUtra meM Avaddha ho, vizvabandhutvakI ora agrasara hotA hai aura jIvaname prema, karuNA eva dayAkI yathArthatAko avagata karatA hai / mAnavakI mAnavake sAtha hI nahIM, anya samasta prANi-jagat ke sAtha jo sauhArdasambandha hai, usakI abhivyaMjanA ina kAvyome mukhya rUpase huI hai / jagat aura jIvanake nAnA rUpoMkI mArmika anubhUti kaI gItoMme vidyamAna hai / jaina aitihAsika gItokA pradhAna varNya viSaya jaina sAdhuo aura gurubhokI kIrttigAthA, rAjA-mahArAjAoM aura samrAToMko prabhAvita kara dhArmika adhikAra prApta karanekI carcA, jainadharmake vyApaka prabhAva eva dhArmika bhAvanAoko ubhADaneke tattva hai / aneka sUri aura AcAyoMne musalima bAdazAhoko prabhAvita kara apane dharmakI dhAka jamAI thI tathA sanade prApta kara jinAlaya nirmANa karanekI svIkRti prApta kI thii| jinaprabha sUrikI prazasA karate hue eka gItameM batAyA gayA hai ki azvapati kutubu - ddInake vittako prasanna kara inhoMne aneka prakArase sammAna prApta kiyA thA / savat 1385 pauSa sudI 8 zanivArako inhone dillIme azvapati muhammadazAhase bheTa kI thI / sultAnane inhe uccAsana diyA / inakI bhASaNa -kti vilakSaNa thI, ataH inhone apane vyAkhyAna- dvArA sultAna kA mana moha liyA | sultAnane bhI grAma, hAthI, ghoDe, dhana tathA yatheccha vastue~ dekara sUrIzvarakA sammAna karanA cAhA, para inhoMne svIkAra nahIM kiyA / inake isa tyAgako dekhakara sultAnako inake prati bhArI bhakti ho gaI, jisase unhoMne inakA julUsa nikAlA, rahane ke lie 'vasati'

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aitihAsika gItikAvya nirmANa karAyI / gItameM aneka rASTriya aura ahiMsaka bhAvanAoke sAtha ukta aitihAsika tathya vyaJjita kiyA hai-' udaya ke kharataragaccha gayaNi, abhinau sahasa karo / sirI jiNaprabhusUri gaNaharo, jaMgama kalpataro // X X X harakhitu dei rAya gaya turaya, dhaNa kaNaya desa gAmA / bhaNai aneSi je cAha ho, te tuha diu imA // leDa hu kiMpi jiNaprabhasUri, muNivaro atinirIho / zrImukha salahiu pAtasAhi, vidhihapari suNi sIho // X X X 'asapati' 'kutubadInu' manaraMjeDa, dITheli niNaprabha sUrI e / ekantihi mana sAsau pUchaI, rAmamaNoraha pUrI e // gAma bhUriya paTolA gajavala, ThaTha deha sUritANU e / jiNaprabhasUri gurukampanaI chaha, tihu aNi amaliya mANU e // Dhola damAmA aru nIsANA, gahirA bAjadda tUrA e / inapari jinaprabhasUri guru Avadda, saMgha maNoraha pUrA e // eka dUsare 'gItame batAyA gayA hai ki jinadatta sUrine bAdazAha sikandarazAhako, jo bahalola lodIke uttarAdhikArI the, apanA camatkAra dikhalAkara 500 vandiyoko mukta karAyA thA / isa gIta meM aneka upamA aura utprekSAoMkA Azraya lekara anya aitihAsika tathyake sAtha jIvana kI sarasa anubhUtiyokI bhI abhivyaMjanA sundara huI hai / 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya-saMgraha pU0 13-14 / 2. aitihAsika jaina kAvya-saMgraha pR0 53-54 |

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134 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana sarasati mati diDa amha ati dhaNI, sarasa sukomala vaanni| zrImajinahaMsa suri guru gAisiu~, mana lINau guNa nANi // nati yadhAvai gIta gAvai, puNyakalasa dharaha sire / siMgArasArA saba nArI karai, ucchava ghara ghre|| zrI sikaMdara citta mAnipaTa, kirAmata kAI khii| pA~ca saha vandI bAkharasI, choDhavyA iNa guru sahI // kucha gItAma batAyA gayA hai ki mugala samrAT akavarake manama jinacandra sUrike darzanakI bar3I utkaNThA thI, anaH unhone sUrIzvarako gujarAtase baDe Agraha aura sammAnase bulaayaa| sUrIzvarane Akara unheM upadeza diyA aura mamrATne unakI bar3I Avabhagata kii| jaba vAdagAha salemazAha 'daramabiyA' dIvAna para kupita ho gaye the to inhIM sUrIzvarane gujarAtase Akara bAda gAike krodhako bhAnta kiyA aura dharmakI mahimA bar3hAI / yaha sUrIzvara mulatAna bhI gaye the, aura vahaoNke khAnamalika-dvArA inakA sammAna kiye jAnakA bhI ullekha hai| ___ ina gItoMmeM yuga-cetanAke spaSTa darzana hote haiN| usa yugake mAnavakI virAT vyathA, himAke cAra aura utAra-car3hAva, sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA, grAmINAMka hRdayakI oNkI evaM dezako yathArtha sthitikA vizlepaNa ina gInoMkA prANa hai| sAmpradAyika gItAma bhI racayitAoNne mAnava-samAnake hitoMkI pUrI vivecanA kI hai| aimA zAyada hI koI gIta hogA, nisama cetanA aura sphUrti na vidyamAna ho| apabhraMzase prabhAvita purAnI rAnasthAnI bhASA hone ke kAraNa Anake pAThaka ina gItoMme zAyaTa rama na sake, parantu bhAratIya saMskRti aura sabhyatAkA paricaya pAne tayA yugavidhAyaka 1. aitihAsika na kAvya-saMgraha pR050, 81,82, 96 / -

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aitihAsika gItikAvya L sAmAjika ghaTanAose avagata honeke lie ina gItokA atyadhika mahattva hai / isI kAraNa inako kevala jainoMkI sampatti na mAnakara hindI - sAhityakI amUlya nidhi mAnanA cAhiye / ina gItome musalima zAsanake anyAya aura zopaNakA vivaraNa bhI upasthita kiyA gayA hai, parantu yaha vivaraNa aitihAsika tathya nahI, pratyuta kAvyakA tattva hai / katipaya gItomeM' grAma-badhueN pathikose anurodha kara pUchatI hai ki Apa jisa rAstese A rahe haiM, kyA Apako usa mArga meM AcAryazrI mile ? ina sUrijI kI vANIme amRta hai, aneka camatkAroke jJAtA aura ye aparimita zaktike dhArI hai| inake tejakA varNana koI nahI kara sakatA hai / ye parama ahiMsA dharmake pujArI hai, zuddha AcAra-vicArakA pAlana karate haiM, samasta prANiyo ke sAtha inakI mitratA hai| jo eka bAra inakA darzana kara letA hai, inake miSTa vacanoko suna letA hai, usakI inake prati apAra zraddhA ho jAtI hai / kacana aura kAminI, jinhone sAre jagatako apane vaza kara rakhA hai, inake lie tRNavat hai / haiM pathika ! yadi tuma inake AgamanakA yathArthaM samAcAra kaha sako, to tumhArI hamAre Upara bar3I kRpA ho| hamArA mana - mayUra unake Agamana ke samAcArako suna kara hI harSita ho jAyagA | hamAre hRdayakI vINAke tAropara surIle svarokA ArohaNaavarohaNa svataH hone lagegA / isa prakAra apanI bhAvanAko vyakta karatI huI grAma badhue~ una sUrIzvarakA aitihAsika paricaya bhI detI haiM, jisase unake Agamana kI saccI jAnakArI prApta kara skeN| isa aitihAsika paricayamai san, savat aura tithikA ullekha to hai hI, sAtha hI una sUrIzvarake gaNa, gaccha, gotra, guru aura prabhAvakA bhI aitihAsika tathya nirUpita hai / guru darzana ho jAnepara apUrva AnandAnubhUti hotI hai| jaina kaviyoMne aitihAsika gIto meM sarasatAko paryApta sthAna deneke lie aise aneka gItoMkI racanA kI hai, jiname apUrva Atma-paritoSa vyakta kiyA gayA hai / nimna

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136 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana gotAma itihAsako zuSka dhArAko kitanA zItala aura sarasa banAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai Ana mere manakI Aza phlii| zrI jinasiMha sUrI mukha dekhata, Arati dUra TalI // 1 // zrI jinacandra sUri saI satyaha, caturvidha saMgha milii| gAhI hukama AcAraja padavI, dIdhI adhika bhalI // 2 // koDivarima maMtrI zrI karamacandra, utsava karata ralI // 'samayasundara' guruke padapaMkana, lIno jaima alI // 3 // nimna gItameM jinasAgara sarika janmakA nirUpaNa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki bIkAnera nagaramai botharA gotrIya zAha vaccA nivAsa karate the, inakI bhAyAMkA nAma mRgAde thaa| jaba yaha sUrIzvara garmama Aye to mAtAko 'raktacola ratnAvalIkA svapna', AyA, usIke anusAra inakA nAma 'colA' rakhA gyaa| kAlAntarame yaha zrIninasiMha sUrijIse dIkSA lekara sAdhu bana gaye aura inakA nAma jinasAgara mari paDA / usake camakAra aura mahattvako prakaTa karane vAle aneka gIta hai| sukha bhari sUtI sundarI, dekhi supana madha rAti / ragata cola ratnAvalI. piTha ne kahaha e bAta // suNI vacana nija nAri nA, megha ghaTA nima mora / harakha bhaNai suta tAharai, thAsai catura cakora // Asa phalI bhAirI mana morI, kukhai kumara nidhAna re| manavAMchita dohalA savi pUrai, pAmai adhikaTa mAna re|| saMvata 'solavAvannA' varapai 'kAtI sudI' ravivAra re| caudasine dini asini nakSatraha janama thayo sukhakAra re|| 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha pR0 241-'suNa re panthiyA~ gIta, pR0 245, pR0 246 'nIhI panyI' giit|

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aitihAsika gItikAvya nita nita kumara bAdhaha bahulakkhaNi surataru nau jimi kNdre| namaNI anopama nilavaTa sohai, badana pUnama nau caMda re|| sahubha sajana bhagatAvI bhagatai, meli bahu parivAra re / 'colau' nAma diyau mana raMgai, supana taNai anusAri re // sahima samANa mili mAta pAsaha saraha 'baccharAja kula dIva re| 'sAmala' nAma dhari hularAvai, sukhi bolai cirajIva re // guruoMke cAturmAsokA varNana, saghakA varNana tathA unake dharmopadeza aura dharma prabhAvanAkA varNana ina aitihAsika gItomeM sundara huA hai| adhikAza-gItokA eka vizAla saMgraha 'aitihAsika jaina kAvyasagraha' ke nAmase zrI agaracada nAhaTA aura zrI maeNvaralAla nAhaTAke samNadakatvame prakAzita ho cukA hai| isa sagrahake sabhI gIta rAga-rAganiyose yukta haiN| karmagItoMmeM 6 rAga aura 36 rAganiyokA samAveza kiyA gayA hai|

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caturthAdhyAya AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya jaina kavi apanI racanAoMmeM AtmabhAva sanAIke sAtha abhivyakta kiyA hai| inake kAvya ke antarvRtti-mRtaka videzaNane jIvanakA vibhinna vRttiyoMkA parijJAna mahadameM kiyA jA sakatA hai / inake kAvyameM zuddhAtmA aura sArI aparka prasaMgako upasthitakara AdhyAtmika doSake sAtha fferer at n vanAye rakhanekA prayAsa nihita hai | caina kaviyoMne AdhyAtmika anubhUtikI macAIko anyokti aura samAmotimeM car3I mArmikatA sAtha vyakta kiyA hai| ina kaviyoMkI AdhyAtmika mAnAne hRdayako para lAkara bhAvakA sAra samanvaya upasthita kriyA haiN| jIvana munna-du:kha, harSa-vipATa, AkarSaNa - vikarSaNako dArzanika dRSTikoNa prastuta karane meM mAnava bhAvanAoMkA gahana vilepaNa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta dvArA antukA vidhAna sAdhAraNa choTI-choTI AkhyAyikAoMmeM kiyA gayA hai / katriyoMne itivRtta bhI kahIM kahIM AdhyAtmika hIM agnAye haiM; parantu inameM vicAroM, bhAvanAoM aura pravRttiyA~ke maMsTiTa citrakA mudrA pUrNa saMga vidyamAna hai| jaina AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAyoMmeM vivAha kalpanA, agAdha dAInikatA yA sUkSma bhAvanAoMkA vidveSaNa hai| ina kAvyAM tu vyAkhyAnoM maiM kSamA, krodha, unakAha evaM mahAnubhUti Adi naisargika troMkI yojanA kara jIvana ke prakAza aura andhakAra rai aorat maulika rUpaye kI hai| ina kanyakAroMkI kavyanAnaM kamI svarNakamalane kalita-sudhA sarovara ke kUlara kalyAni sandita pAToM vikaraNa kiyA hai, kabhI alkApurIke ratnanaTina prAsAdako sArahInatAkA saMsa karate hue krodha

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAnya mAna-mAyA-lobhAdi manovikAroke parimArjanakA prayAsa kiyA hai eva kamI kanakamekhalAmaDita vividhavarNamaya ghanapaTalokI kSaNamaguratAkA digdarzana karAte hue saMsAra-Asakta mAnavako vairAgyakI ora le jAnekA sundara prayatla kiyA hai| AdhyAtmika spaka kAvyokA uddezya jJAna aura kriyA-dvArA duHkhakI nivRtti dikhalAkara lokakalyANakI pratiSThA karanA hai| lokamaMgalAgAse jaina kaviyokA hRdaya paripUrNa aura praphulla thA | ataH saccidAnanda svarupa AtmAkA AbhAsa karA denA hI inhe abhISTa hai aura isImeM inhone saJcA lokakalyANa bhI samajhA hai| manovikAroke AdhIna rahanese mAnava-jIvanameM 'ziva'kI upalabdhime bAdhAe~ AtI hai, jIvanavyApI AdaroM aura dhamAkI anubhUti bhI nahIM ho pAtI hai tathA sAtvika, rAjasa aura tAmasa pravRttiyoMmese rAjasa aura tAmasa pravRttiyokA pariSkAra bhI nahIM ho pAtA hai; jisase jIvanakI sAttvika, udAtta bhAvanAe~ AcchAdita hI par3I rahatI hai / bhautikavAdakI nissAratA aura AdhyAtmikavAdakI zreyatAkA mArmika vivecana-"mAtmanaH pratikUlAni parepAM na samAcaret" ahiMsA vAkyako mUlameM rakhakara kiyA hai| AtmAkI preyatA tathA isakA zodhana bhI ahiMsAkI bhAvanApara hI avalambita hai| isI kAraNa rUpaka kAvyanirmAtAone AtmatatvakI upalabdhike lie nivRtti mArgako vizeSatA yA mahattva pradAna kiyA hai / yadyapi pravRtti-mArga Arpaka hai, para pUrNa duHkhakI nivRtti nahIM karA sakatA hai tathA isa mArgameM pAsa honevAlI bhogasAmagriyA~ kSaNabhagura honese antame vedanAprada hotI hai / ataH jaina kalAkArone jaina darzanake sUkSma tattvoke vizlepaNakai sAtha zuddhAtmAkI upalabdhikA vidhAna batAyA hai| isa vidhAnamai AtmAkI vibhinna avasthAo aura usake vibhinna pariNAmokA bar3e hI spaSTa aura mArmika Dhagase vivecana huA hai| AdhyAtmikatAkai vikRta rUpake prati vidrohakara AtmAkI vizAla atulita zaktikA udghATana bhavya aura AkarSaka rUpameM vidyamAna hai| isa vivecanameM

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140 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana udAtta bhAvanAke citra baDe hI saMyata, gambhIra aura Adarza utare haiN| dArzanika bhAva-bhUmipara AtmA aura baDa-bandhanake vizleSaNako jisa prakAra sajAyA-sa~vArA hai, vaha mahAn hai / mAnava hRdayakI durbalatAoM aura zaktiyA~ko itanA TaTolA aura parakhA hai, jisase rUpoMmeM tAtvika abhivyaMjanAne nIrasatA nahIM Ane dI hai| Atmika vidhAna svastha aura santulita sparma mAnasa sagodhanake lie preraNA to detA hI hai, sAtha hI jIvanako kartavya-mArga-racanAtmaka mArgakI ora gatizIla karatA hai| ___ AdhyAtmika spaka jaina kAnya-nirmAtAoma mahAkavi banArasIdAsa aura maiyA bhagavatIdAsakA nAma vizeSa gauravake sAtha liyA jAtA hai| kavi banArasIdAsane nATaka samayasAra, varayai, solaha tithi, teraha kAThiyA, jJAnapaccIsI, adhyAtmabattIsI, monapair3I, zivapaccIsI, bhavasindhu caturdazI, jAnavAvanI Adi racanAe~ likhI hai| cetana karmacaritra, akSarabattIsI, mithyAvavidhvaMsana caturdazI, madhuvinduka caupaI, siddha caturdazI, anAdibattIsikA, upazamapaccIsikA, paramAtmachattIsI, nATakapaccIsI, paJcendriyasaMvAda, manabattIsI, svamavattIsI evaM svAvatIsI Adi racanAe~ bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane likhI haiM / inama kuchakA paricaya nimna hai yaha eka utkRSTa AvyAtmika racanA hai| AtmAnveSarkoko sarasa kavitAmeM Atma-tattvakI upalabdhi karanekI sundara abhivyananA isameM nihita - hai| kuzala kalAkArane citrakArake samAna AtmAnu " bhUtima nAnA kalpanAoMkA raMga lagAkara adbhuta citra khIMcanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| yadyapi kavine apane isa granthakI racanA AcArya kundakundake samayasArake AdhArapara kI hai, parantu rAgavattva, buddhitattva aura kalpanAtattvakA mizraNa kara ise maulikatA pradAna karaneme tanika bhI kamI nahIM kI hai| pratyeka padyame pravAha aura mAdhurya varnamAna hai| sarasa aura komala zabdoMkA cayana karanemeM kavine adbhuta saphalatA pAyI hai| anUThI uktiyA~ aura navIna udbhAvanAe~ to pAThakakA mana baravana hI nATaka prasAra

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AdhyAsmika rUpaka kAvya 141 apanI ora khIca letI haiN| jIvanake komala pakSako samyak abhivyajanA honese kavitA hRdaya aura mastika donoMko samAna rUpase chUtI hai / isameM jIvana sambandhI una vizepa vicAro aura bhAvanAokA sakalana kiyA gayA hai, jo yathArtha jIvanako pragati dete haiM / ____ antarjagat aura bAhya-jagatkA yathArtha digdarzana karAte hue AtmAkI zuddhatAkA nispaNa adbhuta Dhagase kiyA hai| isame 310 dohAsoraThA, 243 savaiyA-ikatIsA, 86 caupAI, 60 savaiyA-teIsA, 20 chApaya, 18 kavitta, 7 aDilla aura 4 kuNDaliyA hai| saba 726 padya haiM / isame kavine AtmatattvakA nirUpaNa nATakake pAtrokA rUpaka dekara kiyA hai| isame sAta tattva abhinaya karanevAle hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isakA nAma nATaka samayasAra rakhA gayA hai| kavine magalAcaraNake uparAnta samyagdRSTikI pragasA, ajJAnIkI vibhinna avasthAe~, nAnIkI avasyAe~, jJAnIkA hRdaya, sasAra aura zarIrakA svarUpa-digdarzana, AtmajAgRti, AtmAkI anekatA, manakI vicitra daur3a evaM sapta vyasanoMkA saccA svaspa pratipAdita karaneke sAtha, jIva, anIva, Asava, bandha, savara, nirjarA aura mona ina sAtI tatvokA kAvya spame nitpaNa kiyA hai| AtmAkI anupama AmAkA kavine kitanA sundara aura svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA hai / kavi kahatA hai jo apanI duti Apa virAjata, hai paradhAna padAratha naamii| cetana aMka sadA nikalaMka, mahAsukha sAgarako visarAmI // jIva anAva jite jagameM, tinako gunanAyaka bhntrjaamii| so zivarUpa va zivathAnaka, tAhi vilokaname zivagAmI / anAnI vyakti bhramake kAraNa apane svaspako vismRta kara samArama janma-maraNake kaSTa uThA rahA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki kAyAkI cinagAlAmeM karmakA palaga vichAyA gayA hai, usapara mAyAkI seja sajAvara miyyA

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kalpanAkA cAdara DAla rakhA hai / isa zayyApara acetanakI nIdameM cetana sotA hai / mohakI maror3a netrokA banda karanA-jhapakI lenA hai| karmake udayakA bala hI zvAsakA ghora zabda hai aura viSaya sukhakI daura hI svapna hai| isa prakAra tIno kAlome ajAnakI nidrAme mana yaha AtmA zramajAlama hI daur3atI hai, apane svarUpako kabhI nahIM paatii| ajJAnI jIvakI yaha nidrA hI sasAra-paribhramaNakA kAraNa hai| mithyAtva-tattvokI azraddhA honese hI isa jIvako isa prakArakI nidrA abhibhUta karatI hai| AtmA apane zuddha, nirmala aura zaktizAlI svarUpako vismRta kara hI isa vyApaka asatyako satya rUpame samajhatI hai| ataH kavi yathArthatAkA vizleSaNa karatA huA kahatA hai kAyA cinasArImeM karama parajaMka bhArI, mAyAkI savArI sena cAdara klpnaa| zaina kare cetana acetanatA nIda lie, mohakI marora yaha locanako upanA // udai vala jora yahai zvAsako zabada ghora, viSa sukhakArI jAkI daura yaha sapanA / aisI mUr3ha dazAma magana rahe tihukAla, dhAve zrama-jAlameM na pAve rUpa apanA // kavine rUpaka dvArA ajJAnI jIvakI ukta sthitikA mArmika citraNa kiyA hai / vastutaH AtmA sukha-zAntikA akSaya bhaNDAra hai, isame jJAna, sukha, vIrya Adi guNa pUrNa rUpeNa vidyamAna hai, ataeva pratyeka vyaktiko .isI zuddhAtmAkI upalabdhi karaneke lie prayatnazIla honA cAhiye / jAnakA prakAza hote hI hRdaya parivartita ho jAtA hai| parirakRta hRdayame nAnAprakArakI vicAra-taraMga uThane lagatI hai| ekAeka sArI sthiti badala jAtI hai| jina para-padAthAme nijabuddhi utpanna ho gayI thI,

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya 143 ve padArtha AtmAse bhinna pratIta hone lagate hai / zarIra eva bAhya bhautika 'padArthoMkI AtmAse pRthak anubhUti hone lagatI hai / kavi isI parivartanakI avasthAkA citraNa karatA huA kahatA hai-- Atma-jJAnakai abhAvame mAnavakA hRdaya mAyA-moha aura becainIse vyathita rahatA hai, jisase prANihiMsA, asatya Adi duSpravRttiyA~ zAdhvata satyako prApta karaneme atyanta bAdhaka hotI hai / kutsita rUpome rAga yA dveSa donoM hI prakArakI vRttiyA~ duHkha paramparAko utpanna karatI haiN| rAga-dveSake nAnA sakalpa mohake vikArako udbuddha karate haiM / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye antarAtmAka bhayaMkara -dopa hai / inakA pUrNarUpase tyAga karanepara hI jJAnabhAvakI utpatti hotI hai / jisa prakAra sUryake udaya honese ghanA andhakAra dUra ho jAtA hai, jalakI varSA honepara dAvAgni zAnta ho jAtI hai eva vasantAgamana jAnakara koyala kUkane lagatI hai usI prakAra jJAna bhAvake udita hote hI moha, 'pApa, bhrama, ajJAna, duSpravRttiyaoN kSaNabharame palAyana kara jAtI haiN| hiradai hamAre mahAmohakI bikalatAI, tAte hama karunA na kInI jIvaghAtakI / Apa pApa kIne auraniko upadeza dIne, dutI anumodanA hamAre yAhI bAtakI // mana, vaca, kAyA meM magana hai kamAyo karma, dhAye bhramajAla meM kahAe hama pAtakI / jJAnake udayateM hamArI dazA aisI bhaI, jaise bhAnu bhAsata avasthA hota prAtakI // AtmAme azuddhi paradravyakai sayogase Ato hai / yadyapi mUla dravya anya prakAra rUpa pariNamana nahI karatA hai, phira bhI para dravyake nimittase avasthA salina ho jAtI hai / jaba samyavatvake sAtha jJAnama bhI saccAI utpanna hotI to jJAnarUpa AtmA paradravyose apaneko bhinna samajhakara zuddhAtmAvasthAko

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana 1 prApta hotI hai / kavi kahatA hai ki kamala rAtadina pakameM rahatA hai tathA pakaja kahA jAtA hai, phira bhI kIcar3ase vaha sadA alaga rahatA hai / mantravAdI sarpako apanA gAta pakar3AtA hai, parantu mantrazaktise viSake rahate hue bhI sarpakA Daka nirvitra rahatA hai / pAnImeM par3A rahanese nahIM lagatI hai ; usI prakAra jJAnI vyakti sasArakI karate hue bhI apaneko bhinna eva nirmala samajhatA hai / jaise svarName kAI samasta kriyAoko 144 jaise nizivAsara kamala rahe paMka hI meM, paMkaja kahAve paina vAke Dhiga paMkra hai / jaise mantravAdI viSadharasoM gahAvai gAta, iraat aafa art binA vipa DhaMka hai / jaise jIbha gahe cikanAI rahe rUkhe aMga, pAnImeM kanaka jaise kAIse aTaMka hai / taise jJAnavAna nAnAbhA~ti karatUta ThAne, kiriyA taiM bhinna mAne mote niSkalaMka hai // $ I jJAnake utpanna honepara hI AtmarAjyakI utpatti hotI hai, vikAra aura vAsanAeN jJAnake udbuddha hote hI kSINa ho jAtI haiN| yaha jJAna bAhya' padArthama nahI rahatA hai, kintu AtmAkA guNa hai / Atmabodha pAte hI jJAnakI avasthA jAgRta ho jAtI hai / AtmajJAnI bheda-jJAnakI orase 1 AtmA aura karma ina donokI dhArAoMko alaga-alaga karatA hai / AtmAkA anubhava kara zreSTha Atmadharmako grahaNa karatA hai aura kamoMke bhramako naSTa kara detA hai| isa prakAra ratnatraya mAgaMkI ora agrasara hotA hai, jisase pUrNa jJAnakA prakAza sahajame hI utpanna ho jAtA hai / jJAnI 1 vizvanAtha bana jAtA hai / pUrNa samAdhime magna hokara zuddhAtmAko prApta karatA hai, jisase zIghra hI sasArake AvAgamanase rahita hokara kRtakRtya ho vizvanAthake padapara AsIna ho jAtA hai / kavi kahatA hai L

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya bhedajJAna ArA sa dukArA kare jJAnI jIva, Atama karama dhArA bhinna bhinna caracai / anubhau abhyAsa lahe parama dharama gahe, karama bharama kA khajAnA kholi kharacai // yoM hI mokSa maga dhAvai kevala nikaTa Ave, pUraNa samAdhi jahA~ paramako paracai / bhayo niradora yAhi karano na kachu aura, aise vizvanAtha tAhi vanArasI bharacai // 145 jaDa kamoMke sasargase AtmAkI vibhinna prakArakI lIlAe~ ho rahI haiM / nizcaya rUpase vAstavika dRSTikoNase AtmA eka honepara bhI vyavahArame aneka rUpa hai tathA aneka honepara bhI eka rUpa hai / sasArase kama ke bandhana ne AtmAko itanA vikRta aura vicitra kara diyA hai, jisase isakI yathArtha avasthAkA citraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha AtmA karttA bhI hai aura akarttA bhI / karmaphalakA bhoktA bhI hai aura abhoktA bhI vyavahArase paidA hotA hai aura maratA hai, kintu nizcayase na paidA hotA hai aura na maratA hai / vyavahAra rUpame bolatA hai, vicAratA hai, nAnA prakAra ke siMha-zUkara-zvAna-zRgAla-kAka-kITa Adi rUpoko dhAraNa karatA hai / vastutaH yaha AtmA acetana karmoMke sasargase naTa bana gayI hai, isI kAraNa aneka aurat dhAraNakara nAnAprakArakI kriyAoko kiyA karatI hai / samayaAtmA ke vibhinna naTarUpo tathA usake vAstavika svarUpakA vizleSaNa honese hI isa granthakA nAma samaya-sAra nATaka rakhA hai / kavi AtmAkI isI naTa-vAjIkA nirUpaNa karatA huA kahatA hai ekame aneka hai aneka hI meM eka hai so, eka na aneka kachu kahyo na parata hai / karatA karatA hai bhogatA abhogatA hai, upane na upajata mare na marata hai // 10

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146 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana bolata vicArata na bole na vicAre kachu, bhekha ko na bhAjana pai bhekha ko dharata hai| aiso prabhu cetana acetanako saMgatisoM, ulaTa-palaTa naTavAnI sI karata hai / jisa prakAra nadIkI eka hI dhArAmeM nAnA strotokA nala Akara milatA hai tathA jisa sthAnapara pApANazilAe~ rahatI haiM, vahA~ dhArA mur3akara jAtI hai ; jahA~ kakar3a rahate haiM, yahaoN jhAga detI huI Age bar3hatI hai ; jahA~ havAkA jora par3atA hai, vahA~ cacala taraMga uThatI hai aura jahA~kI bhUmi nIcI hotI hai, vahA~ maeNbareM par3atI hai| isI prakAra AtmAmeM pudgalaacetanake ananta ranoMke kAraNa aneka prakArake vibhava utpanna hote hai| AtmAkI ye lIlAe~ nATakake pAtrokI lIlAome kama nahIM hotii| saMsArarupI raMgasthalIpara AtmA naTa banakara nAnA tarahakI lIlAe~ kiyA karatI hai / nAyaka AtmA hai aura pratinAyaka pugala-jar3a padArtha / kavine AtmAkI isa anekarUpatAkA kitanA svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA hai jase mahImaNDalama nadIkA pravAha eka, tAhIne aneka bhA~ti nIrI darani hai| pAtharake nora tahA~ dhArakI marora hota, kAMkarako khAni vahA~ mAgako arani hai| pAnI akora vahA~ caMcala taraMga uThe, bhUmikI nicAni vahA~ maurakI parani hai| teso eka AtmA anaMta rasa pudgala, dohake saMyogavibhAvakI bharani hai // nATaka samayasArakI mApA sarasa, madhura aura prasAdaguNapUrNa hai| zabda cayana, vAkya-vinyAsa aura padAvaliyoMke saMgaThanama satarkatA aura sArthakatAkA dhyAna sarvatra rakhA gayA hai| isameM malayAnilakA sparza

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya 117 vidyamAna hai, jo hRdayakalikA vikasita karane meM pUrNa samartha hai| ataeva bhAva aura bhASA dono hI dRSTiyose yaha racanA utkRSTa kahI jA sakatI hai| yaha eka sarasa racanA hai| isame kavi banArasIdAsane bhautika jIvanako pazu-jIvana batalAte hue mAnava bananekA mArga batalAyA hai / mAnava jIvanatehAdiyA kA ucca Adarza pratipAdita honeke kAraNa yaha varga " vizeSakI vastu na hokara sarva sAdhAraNakI sampatti hai| isame sAhityake upayogavAdI dRSTikoNake anusAra jIvaname 'aziva'kA pariSkAra kara 'ziva'ko prApta karanekA saketa kiyA gayA hai | kSaNamagura zarIrake moha aura mamatAko chor3a AtmAkI amaratAko prApta karanekA prayatna hI sAdhya ho sakatA hai| samasta pArthiva tRtiyo ke sAdhana rahate hue bhI mana eka abhAvakA anubhava karatA hai; sArI sukha-suvidhAoke rahane para bhI manakI tRpti nahIM hotI hai, yaha abhAva rAjanaitika yA sAmAjika nahIM; pratyuta AvyAtmika hotA hai| isa granthame kavine jIvaname isI abhAvakI pUrNatAkI AvazyakatA batalAyI hai| AdhyAtmika saMvedanazIla sarasa sotase hamArI samasta Antarika pIDAe~ dUra ho jAtI hai| yaha sarasa racanA pAThakako sAdhAraNa mAnava-jIvanake dharAtalase Upara uThAkara jIvanakA vAstavika Ananda detI hai| kavi jIvana-pariSkArake lie vidhAnakA pratipAdana karatA huA kahatA hai ki jisa prakAra luTere, badamAza, cora Adi dezame upadrava macAte hai, usI prakAra teraha kAThiyA AtmAme upadrava-vikRti utpanna karate haiN| juA, Alasa, zoka, bhaya, kukathA, kautuka, kopa, kRpaNabuddhi, ajJAnatA, bhrama, nidrA, mada aura moha ye teraha AtmAmeM vikAra utpanna karate haiN| vibhAva pariNatike kAraNa zuddha, buddha aura niraMjana Atma-tattvameM parapadArthoke saMyogase vikRti utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaba taka AtmAme vibhAvapariNati para-padArtha rUpa pravRtti, karanekI kSamatA rahatI hai taba taka ukta

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110 ki aura dhanakA mat bhAvanA hai| svArtha hindI-jana-sAhitya parizIlana teraha dhUrta AtmAkai nijI dhana anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIryako curAte rahate haiN| __ pahalA dhUtaM juA hai| mAnava jIvaname sabase bar3I azAnti isIke kAraNa utpanna honI hai / yaha pramutA, zubhakRtya, muyaza, dhana aura dharmakA hrAsa karatA hai| juArI vyakti sabase prathama apane vaibhava aura sAkhase hAtha dhotA hai / mAna-maryAdA aura aizvarya samI juAke kAraNa naSTa ho jAte hai / AtmotthAnake kAryAne pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, nindya aura khoTe kAmoma zakti aura dhanakA vyaya hotA hai / jagatma juArIkA apayaza bhI phaila jAtA hai| hRdayakI sat bhAgnAe~ samAma ho jAtI haiM aura AsurIbhAvanAoMkA pratiSThAna hone lagatA hai| svArtha aura hiMsA pravRtti jo vyakti aura samAja donoke lie atyanta ahitakAraka hai; juyAkai kAraNa hI janma-grahaNa karatI hai| ___ dUsarA dhUrta hai Alasa | yaha jIvanakai mandAkinI-pravAhako parvatake usa sUne pathapara le jAtA hai, jahA~ lahara uThatI hai aura kagArakI goTamaM jAkara vilIna ho jAtI hai| jIvanamase zraddhA, vizvAsa aura kartavya-pagayaNatA nikala jAtI hai tathA hRdaya-maNDalama dhUla aura rAkha mara jAtI hai / jIvana zitija andhakArAcchanna ho jJAna-mArgako avaruddha karanemeM sahAyaka vanatA hai, zAnta-sarovarakI madhura cA~danI astAcalakI ora prasthAna kara detI hai tathA bhAvanAoMkA uThanA banda ho jAtA hai aura jhapakI Ane lagatI hai| bAhya jagatkA hAhAkAra antarnagatma bhI mukharita hone lagatA hai| premakA papIhA adhyAtmarasa na milanese pyAsA hI raha jAtA hai| jIvanakI ora gatizIla honekI kAmanA sukha-svapna ho jAtI hai aura jIvana beThakI dupahariyAkai samAna pramAdakai kAraNa dahakatA hai| kavikA kahanA hai ki pramAda kA abhAva honepara hI jIvana-zitina rampa prakAza-radimose vyAta ho sakatA hai| tIsarA dhUrta zoka hai, yaha santApa-vIjako utpanna kara AtmAkI dhairya

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119 AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAnya aura dharma-kriyAoMko lusa kara detA hai / parizrama aura zaktikA abhAva ho jAnepara zoka nRpakA zAsana adhika dinoM taka calatA hai| jIvanameM agaNita vidyut-kaNa nRtya karane lagate haiN| pralayakAlIna meghoMkI mUsallAdhAra varSA hone lagatI hai| jIvana-samudrame yaha dhUrta vAr3avAgni utpanna karatA hai, jisase vaha guru garjana-tarjana karatA huA kSubdha ho jAtA hai tathA nAnA prakArake bhayakara aura viSaile jantu AtmAkI zaktikA apaharaNa kara lete hai| cauthA Thaga hai bhaya / jIvana-pathako viSaya aura bhayakara banAnemeM yaha apanI sArI zakti ko lagAtA hai| ullAsa, pUrti, teja aura gatizIlatA Adi sabhI pravRttiyoma jvAlAmukhI visphoTana hone lagatA hai| jIvananaukA DaoNDa na laganese tathA patavArake asthira honese anizcita dizAkI ora vibhinna vikArajanita laharoM ke sAtha thaper3e khAtI huI pravAhita hotI jAtI hai| isa ThagakA Ataka itanA vyAsa rahatA hai jisase sAmanekA kagAra mI dhuMdhalA hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| jIvaname agati aura anizcitavA isIke kAraNa AtI hai tathA bhayAkrAnta vyakti jIvaname sunahale prabhAtake darzana kabhI nahIM kara pAte hai / jIvanakA pratyeka konA isa Thagake kAraNa arakSita rahatA hai| yaha rAtrime hI dhokhA nahIM detA, corI nahIM paratA pratyuta dinameM bhI nighar3aka ho apane kAryoMkA sampAdana karatA hai| jIvanako vikAsazIla tyitiko DAvaoNTola karanA isIkA kAma hai| jIvana-mArgakA pAcavaoN Thaga kukayA hai| rAgAtmaka carcAe~ AtmAbhAvanAko AvRtakara anAtma-bhAvanAoMko ubuddha karatI hai| jisa prakAra pralyakAlama samudrake jala-jantu vikala ho uchala-kUda macAte hai, usI prakAra kuRthAoke kahane aura sunanese mAnasika vikAra Atmika bhAvokA manthana karate hai, jisase Atmika zaktiyoM kuTita ho jAtI hai| AtmacetanA lupta ho jAtI hai aura jIvaname vikArokA tUphAna uThakara jIvanako parama agAnta banA devA hai| mAnava prakRtyA kamajora hai, vaha kutsita

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150 hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana carcAoM aura vArtAoMke zravaNa, paTana evaM cintanameM sadA Age rahatA hai, jisase yaha Thaga apanA avasara pAkara Atmika zaktiko cupacApa hI apahRta kara letA hai tathA jIvana azAnta ho jAtA hai / yauna pravRttiko protsAhana bhI isI Thaga dvArA milatA hai| jIvana-mArgakA chaThavA~ pAkiTamAra hai kaunahala | isakI mAyA apAra hai, nighara apUrva aura ramaNIya vastu dikhalAyI par3atI hai, udhara bhI yaha pahu~ca jAtA hai / komaTa, munahalI aura unakI AzA-kiraNeM jIvana ke mArgama manamohaka aura AkarSaka hRbhya upasthitakara ekAnta aura nirjana dhAnake gvetAmeM le jAtI haiM; nahIM jIvAtmAke ratratraya - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritrako balapUrvaka lUTa liyA jAtA hai / yadyapi isa mArga meM zItalajalke satroM srota rama varSA karate haiM, parantu hai yaha khataranAka / sAtavA~ DAku kopa hai| isa agnimeM adhika uSNatA, dAhakatA aura bhanmasAt karanekI zakti nihita hai / jIvanameM kAlarAtrikA Agamana isa DAkUkI kRpAkA hI phala hai / dayA aura sneha, jinase jIvanameM sarasatA AtI hai, hRdaya kaMjaoNpara anurAga makaranda bikharane lagatA hai evaM nAnA bhAva rupI vRkSoMpara AcchAdita himake pighala jAnese jIvanakI jar3I-bUTiyA~ jAgaraNako prApta karatI haiM, yaha DAkU unheM dekhate-dekhate hI curA letA hai / isI kAraNa ise pavyatohara kahA gayA hai| jJAna aura amAke sAtha isakA bhISaNa yuddha bhI hotA hai| donoMkI senAeM sajatI haiM, yuddha-vAdya bajate haiM, tathA apanI-apanI orase yuddha kauzalakA pUrA-pUrA pradarzana kiyA jAtA hai | yaha vidrohI ratnatrayako leneke lie nAnA upAya karatA hai, isako parAsta karanA sAdhAraNa gata nahIM hai| zrI mahAvIra haiM, indriyajayI haiM, saMyamI hai aura jinhoMne pralobhanoMko jIta liyA hai, ve hI ise parAnta karanekI kSamatA rakhate haiM / jIvanameM ucchRGkhalatA aura avyavasthA isakI dena haiM / AThavA~ Thaga hai kRpaNabuddhi / samasta vastuoMko le lenekA Toma karanA

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya 15. hI AtmotthAnakA bAdhaka hai| vizvakai manamohaka padArtha isa prANIko apanI ora khIMcate haiN| pralobhanopara vijaya prApta kiye binA vyaktitvakA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA hai / vastutaH vAsanA aura sayamake ucita anupAtase hI jIvana abhyudayakI ora bar3hatA hai| pralobhanoMke manamohaka dRzya mAnava manako ulajhAye binA nahIM raha sakate / kRpaNabuddhi to sarvadA hI choTe-bar3e sabhI prakArake promanoMme mamatva karatI hai, jisase dharmakA nAza hotA hai| ratnatraya-dharmakA vighAtaka yaha Thaga hai| Ajataka isa Thagane kitane hI vyaktiyokI hatyA karAI, kitane hI devAyatanoMko dUSita karAyA aura kitane hI niraparAdhiyoko mautake ghATa utArA / sAsArika saundarya kA mUlya isI mApadaNDase nirdhArita kiyA gyaa| eka-eka paiseke lie pApa kiye, anAcAra kiye, jhUTha bolaga, corI kI aura na mAlama kyAkyA nahIM kiyA / saba isI Thagane to karAyA, AtmAkI zaktiko mukhya rUpameM isane vikRta kiyaa| nauvaoN Thaga hai azAna, jisane prakAzamAna bhAskarake Upara ghane andhakArakA AvaraNa DAla diyA hai| isake rahanese jIvana-patha bilkula arakSita hai| yaha akelA nahIM rahatA hai, isakI senA bahuta bar3I hai| yadyapi yaha apane dalakA mukhiyA hai, parantu anya Thaga bhI baDe hI zaktizAlI haiM / sayamase yaha DaratA hai, usake dhanuSakI TakAra sunate hI isake kAna badhira aura oNkhe andhI bana jAtI haiN| dharmaratnakI surakSAke lie isa Thagako bhagAnA hI pddegaa| isake sAtha sandhi karanese kAma nahIM cala skegaa| dasavaoN Thaga bhrama hai, isase sArI zaktiyoko hI curA liyA hai / yaha aharniza vasanta vaimava aura osa motIkI mAlA liye bhAvanA vaibhavakI sRSTi karatA hai / jIvanako Thosa satyake dharAtalase pRthakkara kisI bhayakara sAgarame DubAnA cAhatA hai| zuddha, nirmala aura jJAnarUpa AtmAko zarIra Adi jar3a padAyaoNmeM samajhatA hai|

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upara hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana gyArahavA~ Thaga hai nIda / tandrA mAnavako saMsArake madhura svapnoMme bhale hI vicaraNa karAye, para Thosa vizvase pRyak kara detI hai| janma-maraNakI samasyA aura saMsArakai prati virAma bhAvakI kalpanAmeM yaha aneka vighna upasthita karatI hai| yaha Thaga AtmAnubhUti saundaryakI yathArtha abhivyaktiko curA letA hai| vArahavA~ Thaga hai ahakAra / sasArakI do pravRttiyA~ jo jIvanako isa bhitijase usa kSitijakI ora le jAtI hai, isIke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai / AtmAme mArdavadharma utpanna na hone denA tathA sahAnubhUti aura sahRdayatA, jo ki namratA bhAvako utpanna karaneme sAdhaka haiM, nahI utpanna hone denA isakI vizeSatA hai| terahavA~ Thaga moha hai| sArA vizva isake prabhAvase duHkhI hai / ralatrayacarmako ye sabhI Thaga curAte hai, usako prApta karaneme bAdhaka banate haiN| yadyapi isa teraha kAThiyAkI racanA sAdhAraNa hai, kAvya-saundarya atyalpa hai| phira bhI bhAvanAoM aura vicArakI dRSTise yaha racanA zreSTha hai , isame jIvanake sabhI pakSoMkI anubhUtike lie hRdaya-kapATako khulA rakhA gayA hai / manovikAroMke parimArjanakI ora pratyeka vyaktiko sarvadA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye, usapara vizeSa jora diyA hai / bhASApara gujarAtIkA prabhAva hai| yaha sarasa hRdayagrAhaka racanA hai| kavi banArasIdAsane isame sasArakI viDambanAose pRthaka rahanekI ora saMketa karate hue paramAtma-cintana bhavasi athavA tattvAnveSaNakI ora pravRtta honekI bAta catazI kahI hai| prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki uccatara ami vyaktise vacita mAnava-jIvana aindriya upayogame hI DUbA rahatA hai| bhautika saMgharSake kAraNa jIvana-naukA AdhyAtmikatAkI ora gItazIla nahIM hotI hai| rAgavaza mAnava svabhAvataH viSama paristhitiyose Ahata rahatA hai aura use Atma-sukha-rUpiNI sthiti nahIM mila

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya 153 pAtI / zarIra aura mana dono hI asvastha rahate haiM tathA kutsita lAlasAeN jIvana rasako sukhA detI hai / kavine prastuta racanAme sasArako samudrakI upamA dekara usakA vizleSaNa manohara Dhagase kiyA hai tathA AtmoddhAra karaneke sarala aura anubhUta upAya batalAye gaye hai / upamAeN atyanta cubhatI huI sarala aura sarasa hai / kavi kahatA hai ki karmarUpI mahAsamudrame koSa mAna-mAyA-lobha rUpa vikArokA jala bharA hai aura vipayavAsanAoMkI nAnA tarage aharniza uThatI rahatI haiN| tRSNA-rUpI pravala vADavAgni isameM nAnA prakArase vikRti utpanna karatI rahatI hai aura cAro ora mamatAtpI gurugarjanAeN hotI rahatI hai| isa vikarAla samudrame bhrama, mithyAjJAna aura kadAcAraspI bha~vara uThatI rahatI haiM / samudrakI bhISaNatA ke kAraNa manarupI jahAja cAroM ora ghUmatA hai, karmake udayarUpI pavanake jorase vaha kabhI giratA hai, kabhI DagamagAtA hai, kabhI DUbatA hai aura kabhI utarAtA hai / jaise samudra Uparase sapATa dikhalAyI paDatA hai, para kahIM gaharA hotA hai aura kahI caMcala bha~varomeM DAla detA hai, usI prakAra sasAra bhI Upara se sarala dikhalAyI par3atA hai, kintu nAnA prakArake prapacoke kAraNa gaharA hai aura moharUpI bhavaroMmeM phaeNsAnevAlA hai / isa sasArame samudrakI bar3avAgni ke samAna mAyA tathA tRSNAkI jvAlA jalA karatI hai, jisase sasArI jIva aharniza jhulasate rahate haiM / sasAra agnike samAna bhI hai, jaise agni tApa utpanna karatI hai, usa prakAra yaha bhI trividha tApa - daihika, daivika aura bhautika saMtApoko utpanna karatA hai / agni jisa prakAra IMdhana DAlanese uttarottara prajvalita hotI hai, usI prakAra adhikAdhika parigraha bar3hAnese sAsArika AkAkSAe~ bar3hatI calI jAtI haiM / yaha saMsAra andhakArake tulya bhI hai, kyoki prANIke samyagjJAnako luptakara use vivekahIna banA detA hai / midhyAtvake savarddhana

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hindI-jaina-sAhinya-paricAlana aura poSaNane praNIko aneka kaSTa bhogane par3ate haiM nayA mI cirandana zAnti mI isIke kAraNa vikRta ho jAtI hai| ___ natra caitanya AtmA jAgRta ho jAtI hai, taba mAnava bar3a padANake mukhako nIrasa anumatra karane lagatA hai| mumatAnNa patavArake hAthoM AjAnese mana-samudrako pAra karanemeM saralatA hotI hai| AtmguNatpI yantra divAoMkA parijJAna karatA hai / mulacyAnanpI malaha nivadvIpa mokSakI aurase calatA hai| yadyapi mAgameM aneka kaThinAiyoMkA sAmnA karanA par3atA hai, para snatraya pAmameM rahane gantanyara pahu~canema bilaba nahIM honA hai| isameM prastuta maMsArakI abhivyaMnnAke lie aprandana sadA saDopAGga nirUpaNa karate hue usa para honeke pravannopara prakAza bAlA hai| kathAnakake avalambana binA hI mAvanAmAkI itanI sundara aninyAnA kavi kAvya camkArakI bhUmikA hai| ani kitane sIdhe-sAda daMga bhAvAne prakaTa kiyA hai karma samudra vinAva lala, viSaya kapAya trNg| bar3avAnala tRSNA prabala, mamanA dhuni srvg| marama mavara tAne phira, mana jahAla chuor| gira pirai bUDhe tira, udaya pavanake dora / / jaba beThana mAlika varga, lan vipAka najUna / dvAra samatA zrRMkhalA, yaka ghara kI ma digi para guNa janmoM , phere zarati mustAna / dharai sAtha giva dIpa mukha, vAivAna shumcyaan|| inakI mAtrA urala, parimArdiTa aura madhura hai| ugae~ narthaka hai, kalpanAkI ur3Ana U~cI nahIM hai, ki bhI mAnkI bane rahanA acchI hai| kanni isameM AdhyAtmika mAvanAoMA apUrva mizraNa kiyA hai|

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya kavi banArasIdAsane hiMDolekA spaka dekara AtmAnubhUtikI jo itanI sarasa abhivyaJjanA kI hai vaha anyatra mila sakegI, isame sandeha hai | cetana AtmA svAbhAvika sukhake hiDolepara AtmaguNoke sAtha krIDA karatI rahatI hai| hiMDolekA jhulanA Anandaprada, zrAnti aura kAntiko dUra karanevAlA eva nAnAprakArase maname harSa aura prasannatAko utpanna karatA hai / yaha hiMDolA samatala bhUmipara nirmita kisI bhavya prAsAda me rassIke sahAre TA~gA jAtA hai / hiMDolA jhUlate samaya saubhAgyavatI nAriyA~ cittako AhlAdita karanevAle nAnAprakAra ke manorama gAyana gAtI hai tathA harSAtirekase tana-badanako bhUla alaukika AnandameM mana ho jAtI hai / hiDoleke samaya varSA bhI hotI hai, ghana-ghaTAe~ garjana - tarjana karatI huI nAnAprakArake bhaya utpanna karatI haiN| kabhI-kabhI zItala-manda- sugandhita vAyu pravAhita hotI hai, jisase hiMDolA bhUlanevAlekA mana apAra Anandako prApta hotA hai| varSA RRtume hiMDolA jhUlA jAtA hai, ataH vidyutkI cakAcauMdha andhakArameM eka kSINa prakAzakI rekhA utpanna karatI hai / kavine isa choTese varNanake sahAre jIvana aura jIvana - vikAsake sAre siddhAntako abhivyaJjita karaneme apUrvaM saphalatA pAyI hai / kavi isI spakako spaSTa karatA huA kahatA hai---harSake hiMDolepara cetana rAjA sahaja rUpameM jhUmatA huA jhUlatA hai| dharma aura karmake sayogase svabhAva aura vibhAvarUpa rasa utpanna hotA hai / manake anupama mahalmeM surucirUpI sundara bhUmi hai, usame jJAna aura darzanake acala khame aura cAritrakI majabUta rassI lagI hai| yahA~ guNa aura paryAyakI sugandhita vAyu bahatI hai aura nirmala vivekarUpI bhramara guJjAra karate hai / vyavahAra aura nizcaya nayakI daMDI lagI hai / tumatikI paTarI bichI hai aura usame chaha dravyakI chaha kIle lagI hai / kramakA udaya aura puruSArtha dono milakara hiDoleko hilAte hai / savega aura savara donoM sevaka sevA karate hai tathA vrata tAmbUla Adi dete hai, jisase AnandasvarUpa cetana apane AtmasukhakI samAdhime nizcala adhyAtma hiMDolanA 155

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156 hindI-jainasAhitya-parizIlana hotA hai / dhAraNA, samatA, kSamA aura karuNA ye cAroM sakhiyA~ cAro ora upasthita haiM tathA sakAma, akAma nirjarArUpI dAsiyoM sevA karatI haiM . yahA~ sAtoM nayarUpA suhAginI bAlAoke kaMThakI madhuradhvani sunAI par3atI hai| guruvacanakA sundara rAga AlApA jA rahA hai tathA siddhAntarUpI dhrupada aura artharUpI tAlakA sacAra ho rahA hai| satya zraddhAnarUpI meghamAlA guru garjana karatI huI krodha, tRSNA, IrSyA Adi luTeroko bhagA rahI hai| svAnubhUtirUpI vidyut jorase camakatI hai aura zIlarUpI zItalavAyu pratyeka sahRdayake hRdayako rasa nimagna kara detI hai| tapa karanese karma-kAlimA bhasma ho jAtI hai aura aparimita AtmazAnti prakaTa ho jAtI hai| kavine uparyuka bhAvakI kitanI sundara abhivyananA kI hai sahaja hiMDanA harakha hiDolanA, jhUlata cetana rAva / jaha dharma karma saMjoga upajata, rasa svabhAva vibhAva / jaha~ sumana rUpa anUpa mandira, saruci bhUmi surNg| taha~ jJAna darzana khaMbha avicala carana ADa abhaMga // maruvA suguna para nAya vicarata, bhauMra vimala vivek| vyavahAra nizcala naya sudaMDI, sumati paTalI eka / / udyama udaya mili dehiM jhoTA, zubha-azubha kallola / paTakIla jahA~ paT dravya nirNaya, abhaya aMga addol| saMvega saMghara nikaTa sevaka, virata dhIre det| Ananda kanda suchanda sAhiba, sukha samAdhi sameta / dhAranA samatA kSamA karuNA, cAra sakhi cahu~ or| nirjarA dou caturadAsI, karahiM khidamata jora // jaha vinaya mili sAto suhAgina, karata dhuna jhnkaar| guru vacana rAga siddhAnta dhurapada, tAla aratha vicAra / zraddhahana sA~cI meSamAlA, vAma garjana ghora / upadeza varSA ati manohara, bhavika cAtaka zora /

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157 AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya anubhUti dAmina damaka dIsai, zIla zIta smiir| tapa bheda tapata ucheda paragaTa bhAva raMgata cIra // yadyapi adhyAtma-hiMDolanAkI bhASA sAdhAraNa hai, kintu kavine ramaNIyatAmeM pavitratAko isa prakAra milA diyA hai jisase Atma-jyoti phUTatI huI dikhalAyI paDatI hai| AtmAkI madhura smRti jAgrata ho jAnese mAnava AtmAke sAtha AnandakA jhUlA jhUlane lagatA hai arthAt azuddha AtmA zuddha honekI ora agrasara hotI hai| yaha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakA sundara AdhyAtmika rUpaka-kAvya hai| vastutaH yaha AtmacetanAkI vANI hai / kavitAmeM hRdayakI komalatA, aura kalpanAkI manoramatA aura AtmonmukhI tIvra anupara bhUti hai | kRti suramya, vicitravoMse sayukta, alaukika - Ananda denevAlI aura manoja hai / Antarika vicAro aura anubhUtiyokA sammizraNa isa kRtime itanA adbhuta hai, jisase yaha kRti mAnava antastalako sparza kiye binA nahI raha sakatI hai| vikAroko pAtra kalpanA kara kavine isa caritrame AtmAkI zreyatA aura prAsikA mArga pradarzita kiyA hai| subuddhi aura kubuddhi ye dono cetanakI bhAeM thiiN| ataH kavine ina tInoMkA vArtAlApa Arambhame karAyA hai| subuddhi cetana AtmAkI karma yA sayukta avasthAko dekhakara kahane lagI-"cevana ! 7 tumhAre sAtha yaha duSTokA saMga kahA~se A gayA ? kyA tuma apanA sarvasva khokara bhI sajaga honeme vilamba kroge| jo vyakti sarvasva khokara bhI sAvadhAna nahIM hotA hai, vaha jIvaname kabhI mI unnatizIla nahIM ho pAtA hai / nAnA prakArake vyakkiyoke samparka eva vibhinna prakArakI paristhitiyoMke bIca gamana karate hue bhI vAstavikatAko hRdayaMgama karanekA prayala avazya honA caahiye|" cetana-"ha mahAbhAge! mai to isa prakAra phaMsa gayA hU~ jisase isa

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una anantoko ka merA uddhAra kamalA lagatA hai| 158 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana gahana-paMkase nikalanA mujhe asabhava-sA lagatA hai| mai yaha jAnaneke lie utsuka hU~ ki merA uddhAra kisa prakAra ho skegaa| mai kisa prakAra una anantokI paktime sthAna prApta kara sakU~gA, jo apaneko Izvara ho jAnekA dAvA karate haiN|" subuddhi-"nAtha! Apa apanA uddhAra svaya karaneme samartha hai jo vyakti apane svarUpako bhUla jAtA hai, usa vyaktiko parAdhIna karaneme vilamba nahIM hotaa| jaba taka hama apanI yathArtha sthiti nahIM samajhate hai, taba taka prAyaH hamAre Upara zAsana kiyA jAtA hai| hamAre Upara zoSaNakA krama bhI tabhItaka calatA hai, jabataka hama apane adhikAra aura kartavyose vacita hai| bhedavijJAna hI Apake lie parama upayogI anna hai, isIse Apa raNakSetrameM yuddha karaneke lie sakSama ho sakate haiN| jaise siMha gadhoke sAtha rahate-rahate apaneko bhUla jAtA hai, usI prakAra Apa bhI kubuddhike kusagase pathacyuta ho gaye hai tathA idhara-udhara bhramaNa kara rahe haiM / sAvadhAna hokara aba maidAname A jAiye, vijaya nizcita hai|" kubuddhi-rI duSTA! kyA baka rahI hai| mere sAmane terA itanA bolanekA sAhasa, tU nahIM jAnatI ki mai prasiddha zUravIra mohakI putrI huuN| mujhe isa bAtakA abhimAna hai ki apane prabhAvase maiMne aneka yoddhAoko parAsta kara diyA hai| arI sauta! tU itanI baDha-baDha kara kyo bAte kara rahI hai, kyo nahI yahA~se calI jAtI ?" ___ subuddhi-"vAha ! vAha !! Apane khUba khaa| maiM aura yahA~se calI jAU~ aura tuma akelI krIr3A kro| na!na !! yaha kabhI nahIM honekA / mere rahate hue terA astitva kamI sambhava nahIM, tU durAcAriNI hai / cala haTa yahA~se / " subuddhike ina vAkya-vANone kubuddhika hRdaya-kusumako chinna-bhinna kara diyA, vaha kruddha ho lAla-pIlI hotI huI apane pitA moharAjake pAsa gii| yadyapi yaha moharAja pracaNDa balI the, para samaya aura paristhitikA unhe

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya 159 pUrNa rUpase anubhava thA, ataeva apanI pyArI putrIko samajhAte hue kahane lagA-"veTI, cintA mata karo, mere rahate hue sasArame aisA koI nahIM hai jo tumhArA parityAga kara ske| mai tumhAre patikI buddhiko ThikAne para lAtA huuN| abhI apane samasta saradAroMko bulAkara cetanake pAsa bhejatA hU~ | jabataka vaha subuddhiko nikAlakara tumako apane gharame sthAna nahIM degA, pyAra nahI karegA tabataka maiM cupa hone kA nhii| merI aura mere yoddhAokI zakti mahAn hai|" isa prakAra kubuddhiko samajhA-bujhAkara mohane apane catura dUta 'kAmakumAra ko bulAyA aura use Adeza diyA ki tuma cetana rAjAse jAkara kaho ki tumane apanI strIkA parityAga kyo kara diyA hai| yA to hAtha joDakara kSamA yAcanA karo, anyathA yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho jaao| dautyakarmame nipuNa kAma-kumArane sohakA sandeza jAkara cetana rAjAse kaha diyA / vAda-vivAdake uparAnta cetana rAjA bhI mohase yuddha karaneko taiyAra ho gyaa| mohane mahAparAkramazAlI krodha aura lobha yoddhAoMko cetanarAjako pakar3aneke lie Amantrita kiyA / rAga aura dveSa dono mantriyone nAnAtarahase parAmarzakara cetanarAjako AdhIna karanekA upAya btlaayaa| jJAnAvaraNane mantriyoko prasanna karaneke lie cATukAritA karate hue kahA-"pramo! mere pAsa paoNca prakArakI senAe~ haiM, maiMne eka cetanakI bAta hI kyA, sAre sasArako apane AdhIna kara. liyA hai| mai, Apa jisa prakAra kaheM, cetanarAjako bandI banAkara Apake sAmane prastuta kara sakatA huuN| merI zakti apAra hai, jahA~-jahA~ Apako ajJAna dIkha par3atA hai, vaha merI kRpAkA phala hai|" isI samaya darzanAvaraNane apanI DIga haoNkate hue kahA-"deva ! mai apane viSayame adhika prazasA kyA karU~, maine to cetanakI vaha duravasthA kara rakhI hai, jisase vaha kahIMkA nahIM rahA hai| mujha-jaise senAnIke rahate hue Apako cintA karanekI AvazyakatA nahIM" / avasara pA isI samaya

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160 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana baiThanIya bolA-"nAtha ! merA pratApa jagavikhyAta hai| jo vItarAgI kahalAte haiM, jinake pAsa saMsArakA tila-tupa mAtra bhI parigraha nahIM hai unako bhI mane nahIM chor3A hai| sukha-duHkha vikIrNa karanA merI mahimA nahIM to aura kyA hai ? aba mohanIyakI pArI AI aura vaha tAla ThokatA huA volA-"aha, vizvamai merA hI to sAmrAjya hai| mere rahate hue cetanakA yaha sAhasa ki kubuddhiko gharase nikAla de| yaha kamI nahIM ho sakatA hai, meM to pradhAna senApati huuN| yadi mai yaha kahU~ ki moharAjyakA sArA saMcAlana mere hI dvArA hotA hai, to atizayokti nahIM hogii| isI prakAra kramAnusAra Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAyane apanI-apanI vizetAe~ batalAyI 1 moharAtA apanI aparimita zaktiko dekhakara haMsA aura bolA-"mujha jaise pratApIke zAsana karate hue, jisake pAsa aSTa kamAkI pravala senA hai, cetanarAja kabhI anIti nahIM kara skegaa| kyA merI putrI durbuddhiko isa prakAra gharase nikAla sakegA / ataH nizcaya huA ki aba jaldI hI cetanarAnApara AkramaNa kara denA caahiye| samasta senA AnandabherI vajAtI huI rAga-dvapako mocepara Age kara raNakSetrako clii| jaba ve cetananagarake samIpa pahuMce to dUra hI par3Ava DAla diyaa| ____ idhara jaba cetanarAnAko mohaka AkramaNakA samAcAra milA to usane bhI apane sabhI saciva aura senApatiyoko ekatrita kiyaa| sarva prathama jJAna bolA-"nAtha ! mohase DaranekI koI bAta nahIM, vijaya nizcaya hI hamAre hAtha hai| hamArI vANavAko mohakI senA kabhI bhI sahana nahIM kara sakatI hai|" cedanarAjA prasanna ho volA-"jJAnadeva ! tumhArI Ana hI hamArI zAna hai| vIra ! maiM tumhAre Upara pUrNa vizvAsa karatA hU~, aneka yuddhoMme tumhArI vIratA dekha bhI cukA hU~ ataH zIghra hI apane sainyadalako taiyAra kara yahA~ upasthita kro| bhayakI koI bAta nahIM hai ; tumheM yAda hogA,

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya anekavAra tumane moharAnAkI senAko parAsta kiyA hai, jalda jaao| isI prakAra darzana, cAritra, sukha, vIrya Adi bhI kramazaH cetanarAjAke samakSa upasthita hue aura apanI-apanI vizeSatAe~ batalAkara baiTha gye| cetanarAjAne apanI samasta senAko AjJA dI ki zIghra hI taiyAra hokara ekatrita ho jAya; Aja bhayakara yuddhakA sAmanA karanA hogaa| jJAnadeva apanI prazaMsA sunakara prasanna ho gayA thA, phira bhI vaha zatruke parAkramase sazaMka thA ataH vinIta hokara kahane lagA-"prabho ! aparAdha kSamA ho to prArthanA kruuN|" cetanarAjA-"vIravara ! tumhAre Upara to sAre yuddhakA nipaTArA nirbhara hai| isa samaya tumheM aprasanna karanese merA kArya kisa prakAra cala sakegA ? ataH nissakoca jo kahanA cAho, kaho; DaranekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / yuddhake avasara para vIroMkI bAta mAnI jAtI hai| jo rAjA raNanItivijJa vIrokI vAta nahIM sunatA vaha pIche pazcAttApa karatA hai, ataH Apa nirbhaya hokara apanI bAteM kaheM / jJAnadeva-"pramo, yuddhake lie AkramaNa karaneke pUrva dUta bhejakara zatruke pradhAna sacivako yA usake kisI pratinidhiko bulvA lIjiye tathA jahA~ taka ho sake sandhi kara lenA hI ThIka hogaa|" __ cetanarAjA-"zAnadeva | Aja tuma yuddhake avasarapara kAtara kyoM ho rahe ho ? hamArI zakti apAra hai, vizvAsa karo, vijaya hogI / gharame duzmanako bulavAnA kahAtaka ucita hai / rAjanIti bar3I vilakSaNa hotI hai, ata: ava sandhikA avasara nahI hai| isa samaya yuddha karanA hI hamAre lie zreyaskara hai|" zAnadeva-"deva ! Apa moharAjAkI apAra zaktise paricita hokara bhI isa prakArakI bAte kara rahe hai| merA vizvAsa hai ki jaba Apake sAmane rAga-dveSa nAnA pralobhanoMke sAtha sundara ramaNiyoMke samUhoMko lekara prastuta

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana hoMge, usa samaya Apa dRr3ha raha sakeMge ? Apa moharAjAke bhayaMkara aloMse aparicita haiM? cetana rAjA jJAnadeva ! vAta to tumhArI ThIka hai| moharAnAne bhulAvA dekara hI apanI putrI kubuddhike sAtha merA vivAha kara diyA, jisake kagIbhUta ho maine kauna-kauna kukarma nahIM kiye haiM ? parantu hameM apanI atulita zaktikA pUrNa vizvAsa hai, vijaya-lAmI milegii| ramaNiyoke kaTAkSa-vANa hamArA kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a sakeMge, parantu tumha hamArA sAtha denA par3egA | vIra tumane yadi dRr3hatAse hamArA sAtha diyA to mohakA sainyadala hamArA kucha bhI nahIM vigAr3a skegaa| ataH raNanItike anusAra viveka-dUtako moharAnAke pAsa meja denA cAhiye, zAyada sandhi ho jaay| yahaoN kisIkA bulAnA ThIka nahIM | jaba hamameM ananta bala hai, ananta sukha hai, phira itanA bhaya kyoM ?" bahuta vicAra-vinimayake vAda zAnadevake senApatitvameM cetanarAnAkI senA aura kAmadeva kumArake senApatitvama moharAnAkI senAkA yuddha hone lgaa| jJAnadeva samaranItikA vizeSajJa thA, yadyapi kAmadevakumAra bhI rAjanItikA paNDita thA, para thA zarIrase sukumAra / kaThora balabAlI zAnadevane sukumAra kAmadeva kumArako eka hI vANameM dharAzAyI kara diyA, yadyapi kAmadeva kumArane apanA pauruSa dikhalAne meM koI kamI nahIM kI, kinnu jJAnadevake samakSa usakI eka bhI cAla saphala nahIM huI / nAnadevane cakravyUha-racanA kI aura dvArassarakSaNakA bhAra vratadevako pradAna kiyA / isa cakravyUhako tor3anema moharAjAkI sArI senA akSama rahI aura zAnadevane avasara pA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAroM vIroMko mUchita kara diyaa| mithyAtvamaTa, jo ki mohakA balavAna senAnI thA, vratadevane girA diyaa| aviratiko bhI isa prakAra paTakA, jisase yaha vIra raNabhUmise uTha hI nahIM sakA, aura saTAke lie so gyaa|

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya cetanagar3ha zatruose khAlI ho rahA thA, zatrusenA mAga rahI thI aura cetana rAjAne guNasthAna pradezokA mArga grahaNa kara apane gar3hake kone konese zatruke bhagAnekA kArya Arambha kiyA / yadyapi moharAjAkI senA astavyasta thI, phira bhI kucha subhaTa, jinameM pradhAna lobha, chala, kapaTa, mAna, mAyA Adi the, chipe hue ucita samayakI pratIkSAmeM the| cetana rAjA mithyAtva, sAsAdana, samyagmithyAtva aura avirata sthAnose mohakI senAko khadeDatA huA Age bar3hA aura dezavirata, pramatta evaM apramatta dezame jAkara usane moha rAjAke balazAlI senApati pramAdakA hanana kiyaa| isa vIrake mAre jAnese mohakI senA balahIna hone lgii| bheda-vijJAnakA astra lekara cetana rAjAne yahA~ bhayakara yuddha kiyA aura kSapakaNIhU~da-hU~Dhakara zatruoMko parAsta karane ke mArgakA ArohaNa kara apUrvakaraNa aura anivRcikaraNa nAmaka nagaroMme pahu~ca zanAvaraNake do vIra, mohanIyake cAra aura nAmakarmake tIsa vIroMko dharAzAyI kiyaa| sUkSma lomakA vidhvaMsa karaneke lie apane rAjyake dasave nagara sUkSmasAmparAyameM praveza karanA par3A / yahA~ thor3I dera taka sUkSma lomake sAtha yuddha huaa| becArA jarjarita lobha cetana rAjAkA sAmanA nahIM kara sakA aura dhyAnavANa-dvArA viddha hokara gira pdd'aa| cetana rAjAne ava samAdhi astrako apanAyA, usane samasta kapAya zatruoko isa eka hI vANa-dvArA parAsta kara gyArahave aura vArahave nagaroko zatruose khAlI kraayaa| yadyapi gyArahavA nagara upazAnta moha cetana rAjAke bhayase yoM hI zatruose khAlI ho gayA thA, isalie use isa nagarameM jAnA nahIM par3A / vArahaveM kSINa moha nagarameM pahuMcakara moha rAjAko cetana rAjAne khUba paTakA aura usakA sarvanAza kara katipaya avazeSa zatruoMko parAsta karaneke lie terahave nagara sayogakevalI me pahu~cA aura vahA~ vijayakA DaMkA banAtA huA kevalajJAna- lakSmIko prAptakara nihAla ho gayA / isa samaya eka ora vijayI cetana rAjA Anandame mana zana-darzana sukha-vIryako prAsakara niSkaTaka rAjya karane

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164 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana lagA aura dUsarI ora vijita moha apanI senAko khokara cetanakI AdhInatA aura mahattA svIkAra kara cukA thA / cetana rAjAne apane caudahave nagarameM pahuMca thoDe hI samayameM mokSanagarI prApta kara lI thI aura yahIM sthAyI rUpase rAjadhAnI niyuktakara zAsana karane lgaa| yaha eka sundara kAvya hai| kavine dohA, caupAI, soraThA, paddhari marahaThA, karikhA aura plavaGgama chandoMme isakI racanA kI hai / kula padya _ 296 haiM / yaha kAvyake aneka guNoMse samanvita hai| kAvya-sauSThava 75 kalpanA, arUpa bhAvanA, alaMkAra, rasa, ukti-saundarya aura ramaNIyatA AdikA samavAya isameM vartamAna hai / bhAvanAoMke anusAra madhura athavA parupa voMkA prayoga isa kRtime apUrva camatkAra utpanna kara rahA hai / yuddha kA varNana kavine kitanA sajIva kiyA haisUra balavaMta madamatta mahA moha ke, nikasi saba saina Age ju Aye / mAri ghamAsAna mahA juddha bahu kruddha kari, eka se eka sAtoM savAye / vIra suvivekane dhanuSa le dhyAnakA, mArika subhaTa sAtoM giraaye| kumuka no jJAna kI saina sava saMga dhasI, mohake subhaTa mUrchA svaaye| raNasiMge banahiM koU na bhajahiM, karahiM mahA doU juddha / ita jIva haMkArahi, nija para dhArahiM, karaha garina ko d|| yuddha-varNanameM dvitva aura saMyukta varNoMkA prayogakara sajIvatA lAnekA prayAsa prazaMsya hai| zabdacitro-dvArA kavine yuddhakSetrakA citra utArane meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| vIra rasake sahAyaka bhayAnaka aura vIbhatsa rasoMkA nirUpaNa bhI yathAsthAna vidyamAna hai| ArambhameM susaMskRta zRGgArakA AbhAsa bhI milatA hai, kavine vIra rasakI preraNAke lie saMyamita zRGgArakA varNana kiyA hai| upamA, utprekSA, anuprAsa, yamaka, rUpaka aura samAsokti alaMkAroMkI chaTA bhI kavitAmeM vidyamAna hai / rUpaka-dvArA vyajita Atmika vANIkA sihAvalokana karanepara pratIta hotA hai ki kavi cira sukhakI

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya lAlasAse jagatke kolAhalapUrNa vAtAvaraNase nikalakara jIvanakI AnandamayI nidhiyA~ ekatrita karaneme salagna hai tathA chala-kapaTa-rAga-dvepa-mohamAyA-mAna-loma Adi vikArokA parimArjanakara AtmAnandame vicaraNa karanA cAhatA hai aura apane pAThakoko bhI AtmasaritAme avagAhana, majana aura pAna karanekI preraNA karatA hai / sakSepase yaha anagha padya-baddha rUpaka hai| ekasau ATha poMmeM kavi bhagavatIdAsane AtmajJAnakA sundara upadeza diyA hai / yaha racanA bar3I hI sarasa aura hRdaya-bAhya hai / atyalsa kathAnaka ra ke sahAre mAtmatattvakA pUrNa parijJAna sarasa zailIme karA " deneme isa racanAme advitIya saphalatA prApta huI hai| kavi kahatA hai ki cetana rAjAkI do rAniyA~ haiM-eka subuddhi aura dUsarI maayaa| mAyA bahuta hI sundara aura mohaka hai| subuddhi buddhimatI honepara mI sundara nahIM hai / cetana rAjA mAyA rAnIpara bahuta Asakta hai, dinarAta bhogavilAsa meM salagna rahatA hai / rAja-kAja dekhanekA use vilkula avasara nahIM milatA hai, ataH rAjyakarmacArI manamAnI karate hai| yadyapi cevana rAjAne apane zarIra dezakI surakSAke lie mohako senApati, krodhako kotavAla, lomako matro, karma udayako kAjI, kAmadevako prAiveTa sekreTarI aura IrSyA-ghRNAko prabandhaka niyukta kiyA hai, phira bhI zarIra-dezakA zAsana cetanarAjAkI asAvadhAnIke kAraNa vizRMkhalti hotA jA rahA hai / mAna aura cintAne pradhAnamantrI banane ke lie saMgharSa Arambha kara diyA hai| idhara loma aura kAmadeva apanA pada surakSita rakhaneke lie nAnA prakArase dezako trasta kara rahe hai / naye naye prakArake kara lagAye jAte hai, jisase rAjyakI duravasthA ho rahI hai| zana, darzana,sukha, vIrya jo ki cetana rAnAke vizvAsapAtra amAtya haiM, unako kotavAla, senApati, prAiveTa sekraTarI Adine khader3a bAhara kara diyA hai| zarIra-dezako dekhanese aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ cetanarAjAkA rAjya na hokara senApati mohane apanA

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hindannana mAhira paricAlana Ana sthagita kara liyA hai| natra bhAvArtha narmalatA gayAganI ga moDa aura mantrI jugAra maMtrAlayala detI hai| una cAra patra diyA hai na gAtra na ulaTa dina mAtra aura yaha unakI prAcina gayA khuda zrI caMdana gana cinda kiye ga mAtra ne anna saca aura namakanavA nabhAyA ya upanA st-yana dama narahanevAle dAna mAdikI nAla naI asta ho / inTiva aura rogI anA nancha mANa garna ina mAmalahanA DhanheM zema nahIM zAmina baha aura zrama bioNsa dumne vijaya liyA hai, nikara hI tumako Thaga , dunhA caTanya nArara unakA vicAra naga, oNkinna hAra agnI hAra ra nInA nahI hai| dina mayA ke dvArA nidi maMgArika mata rahane unheM kavitra agalakamI lA denA par3atAla meM narma liyA hai, kaha Dibula bhari hai| yAnI tumna dinAra liyA hai tuma ho, RTa Aye hI dukAnana kaMbA deI haiM kinna samAne zikAra cyuTa rahe ho? Danya navanAditya mAtra jagadagada, nira nunhAya mazina iMgama hai, tunne vicalita haiM, inakA dule meM dAvAyanala nahIM hai| navyA tuma rahA holA aba bAu bannA jahada ho| ina nu aura kalApa ra vanne bahanananyA zrI? Tana laMkA hokara gayA maMDIgaTaoNma undrakalA ho / gunhATa dekara maiMdanA suna rahI hai, nunhAndAre lie kAna hai, ananamaya hai, aAI, nyora hai aura hai vidhAyaka cAkA mahAgAidA ! sana rijanI kAra kA

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bhAdhyAlmika rUpaka kAvya 167 kareM, jisase zIghra hI mola mahalapara adhikAra kiyA jA ske| prANanAtha ! rAjya sa~bhAlate samaya tumane momamahalako prApta karanekI pratijJA bhI kI thii| maiM Apako vizvAsa dilAvI hU~ ki mokSamahalame rahanevAlI muktirAnI isa ThaganI mAyAse karor3oM gunI sundarI aura hAva-bhAva pravINa hai / use dekhate hI mugdha ho jaaoge| eka bAra usakA AliMgana kara lenepara tuma apanI sArI sudhabudha bhUla jaaoge| pramAda aura ahaMkAra dono hI tumako muktiramAke sAtha vihAra karaneme vAdhA de rahe haiN| isa prakAra subuddhine nAnA tarahase cetanarAjAko smjhaayaa| subuddhi kI vAta mAna lenepara cetanarAjA apane vizvAsapAtra amAtya jJAna, darzana AdikI sahAyatAse mokSamahalapara adhikAra karane cala diyaa| kAvyatvakI dRSTise isa racanAmeM sabhI guNa vartamAna haiN| mAnavake vikAra aura usakI vibhinna cittavRttiyokA atyanta sUkSma aura sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yaha racanA rasamaya honeke sAtha maMgalaprada hai| 'ziva' aura 'sundarakA sayoga isame itane acche DhaMgase dikhalAyA gayA hai jisase yaha racanA sthAyI sAhityame apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| prailIkI dRSTi se isa racanAme saMskRta tatsama zabdokI pradhAnatA, gambhIratA aura alaMkArokA prayoga sundara huA hai| mAvAtmaka zailImeM kavine apane hRdayakI anubhUtiko saralaspase abhivyakta kiyA hai| dArzanikatAke sAtha kAvyAtmaka zailImeM sambaddha aura pravAhapUrNa bhAvokI abhivyaMjanA rocaka huI hai / camatkArapUrNa uktiyA~ hRdayako sparza hI nahIM karatI, kintu bhItara praviSTa ho jAtI hai / mAdhurya aura prasAda guNake sAtha katipaya padyomeM onaguNa bhI vidyamAna hai / vrajabhApAkA nikharA rUpa bhAvoMko hRdayaMgama karanemeM atyadhika sahAyaka hai| kavi cetana rAjAkI vyavasthAkA vizlepaNa karatA huA kahatA hai kAyA-sI ju nagarI meM cidAnanda rAja krai| mAyA-sI ju rAnI pai magana bahu bhayo hai|

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168 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana moha-so hai phauladAra krodha-so hai kotavAra; loma-so dhAra jahA~ lUTivaiko rahyo hai| udaiko ju kAjI mAne, mAnako adala jAne / kAmasenAkA navIsa AI cAko kaho hai| aisI rAjadhAnI meM apane guNa bhUli rhyo| sudhi java AI tava jJAna Aya go hai| mukhuddhi cetanarAjAko samajhAtI hai kauna tuma, kahA~ Ae kauna baurAye tumahiM / kAke rasa rAce kachu sudhahU dharatu ho / kauna hai ye karma jinheM ekameka mAni rahe; ajahU~ na lAge hAya mAvari bharata ho // ve dina citAro jahA~ yIte haiM anAdi kAla; kaise kaise saMkaTa sahe hU visaratu ho / tuma to sayAne pai sayAna yaha kauna kInhoM; tIna loka nAya hai ke dIna se phiratu ho / suno jo sayAne nAhu dekho neka ToTA lAhu kauna vivasAhu nAhi aisI lIjiyatu hai| dasa dyausa vipa sukha tAko kaho keto dukha , parika naraka mukha kolI sIjiyatu hai / keto kAla bIta gayo, manahUna chora loya; kahU~ tohi kahA bhayo aiso rIjhiyata hai| Apu hI vicAra dekho, kahive ko kauna lekho; Avata parekho nA kaho kIliyatu hai // isame pA~coM indriyoMkA sundara savAda bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa-dvArA varNita

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAnya 169 hai| batAyA gayA hai ki eka suramya udyAnameM eka dina eka munirAja na vA dhamopadeza de rahe the| unakI dharmadezanAkA zravaNa karaneke lie aneka vyakti ekatrita the| sabhAme nAnA prakArakI zakAe~ kI jAne lagI / eka vyaktine munirAjase pUchA"prabho / paJcandriyoM ke viSaya sukhakara hai yA dukhkr|" munirAja-"ye paJcendriyA~ bar3I duSTa haiM, inakA nitanA hI poSaNa kiyA jAtA hai, duHkha detI haiN| ___eka vidyAdhara vIcame hI indriyokA pakSa lekara bolA-"mahArAja indriyA~ duSTa nahI hai| inakI bAta inhIke mukhase suniye, ye prANiyoMko kitanA sukha detI haiN|" ___ munirAja-"indriyA~ mere sAmane prastuta haiN| mai Aza detA hU~ ki jo iname pradhAna ho, vaha apanI mahattA btlaaye|" munirAjake ina vacanoko sunakara sabase pahale nAka apaneko bar3A siddha karatI huI bolI-"mere samAna mahAn sasArame kauna hai ? nAkake lie rAjA-mahArAjA, garIba-amIra sabhI kaSTa sahana karate haiN| nAka rakhaneke lie hI to bAhubalIne dIkSA dhAraNa kI, rAmane vana-vana bhramaNa kiyA, satI sItAne agnime praveza kiyA, draupadI somA Adine aneka kaSTa sahana kiye aura kitane hI sAdhu banakara dara-darake bhikhArI bane / merI mahattAkA patA itanese hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki nAkakI rakSAke lie koI bhI vyakti apanA sarvasva chor3aneko taiyAra ho jAtA hai|" ___ nAkakI isa AtmaprazasAko sunakara kAna kahatA hai-"rI mUrkhA ! tujhe ghamaNDa ho gayA hai, tere dapako maiM cUra kara dUMgA / tU kitanI dhinAvanI hai, dinarAta tujhameMse pAnI giratA rahatA hai| chIMka kisI bhI iSTa kAmame bAdhaka ho jAtI hai| tU gandagIkA bhANDAra hai| dekha merI ora, maiM kitanA bhAgyazAlI huuN| acche-acche madhura zabda zravaNa kara kavitA racanekI preraNA maiM hI detA hU~| dharmopadeza sunanekA kAma bhI

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya- parizIlana merA hI hai, yadi maiM upadeza na sunU~ to yaha jIva kabhI bhI mokSa prApta karanekA prayatna nahIM kara sakatA hai| dvAdazAga vANIkA zravaNa maiM hI karatA hai, merI hI preraNAko prApta kara jIva Atma-kalyANa karaneke lie taiyAra hotA hai / " 170 kAnakI ina ahammanyatApUrNa vArtoko sunakara A~kha bolI - "tujhe jhUThI bar3AI karate hue lajjA nahIM AI, jhUTha bolanA pApa hai / tuma nahI jAnate ki tumhAre dvArA hI alIla aura gandI bAte sunakara rAga-dvepa utpanna hotA hai / tumhAre dvArA sunI gaI bAteM jhUThI bhI ho sakatI haiM ; kitane hI vyakti ina jhUThI bAtoMke kAraNa ApasameM kalaha karate haiM, lar3ate haiM tathA kitane hI lar3a-jhagar3akara mRtyuko bhI prApta ho jAte haiN| mujhase bar3e tuma kabhI nahI ho skte| mere dvArA dekhI gayI bAta kabhI bhI jhUThI nahIM ho sakatI hai| sundara aura manoraMjaka havyokA avalokana meM hI karatI hU~ / mere dvArA hI tuma tIrthakaroke manohara rUpako dekha sakate ho, mere dvArA hI sAdhu-santoke darzana ho sakate haiM / yadi maiM na rahU~ to } sasArakA kAma calanA banda ho jAya / zarIrameM sabase pradhAnatA merI hI hai / siddhAnta-granthoM kA adhyayana mujhase dekhe binA koI kaise kara sakegA ? rAstA calanA, denA-lenA, puNya kArya karanA merI hI kRpAkA phala hai / mere rahanepara hI bhAI-bandhu ijjata karate hai / eka hI kSaName meM kyAse kyA banA detI hU~ / " A~khakI isa AtmazlAghAko sunakara rasanA volI - "arI ! tujhe kAjalase raMgakara bhI lajjA nahIM aatii| terI hI kRpAkA yaha phala hai ki sundarI ramaNiyA~ apane adbhuta salone rupa dvArA sAdhu-muniyoMko bhraSTa kara detI haiM / tujhase adhika to merA hI prabhAva hai, ataH maiM tujhase bar3I hU~ / kyA tU nahI jAnatI ki maiM hI paTrasa vyaMjanokA svAda letI hU~ | mere vinA zarIra puSTa nahIM rahegA, pariNAma yaha hogA ki na kAna suna sakegA, na A~kha dekha sakegI aura na nAka sUMgha skegii| svAda leneke atirikta

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AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya 171 mantrasiddhi aura sAhityake rasakA AkhAdana maiM hI karatI huuN| mujhame itanI pravala zakti hai ki mai zatruko mitra banA sakatI huuN| bar3e-baDe munirAja aura dharmopadezaka mere dvArA hI dharmakA varNana karate haiN| svarga, naraka aura mokSakI carcA mere dvArA hI hotI hai|" bIcameM vAta kATakara sparganendriya bola uThI-"arI nihA! vyartha abhimAna mata kara / terI hI kRpAse ApasameM yuddha hotA hai, tU hI rAjAmahArAjo-dvArA khUna-kharAbI karAtI hai / abhakSya-bhakSaNa karanA bhI terA hI kAma hai / maiM apane sambandhame adhika kyA kahU~-nAka, kAna, oNkha sabhI to mere paoNvo par3ate hai, tuma sabhI indriyA~ merI dAsI ho| mere sAmane tumane vyarthame jhUThI baDAI kara pApa arjana kiyA hai| merI mahattA yahI hai ki mere binA japa, tapa, dAna, puNya Adi koI bhI kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai| hAthose dAna diyA jAtA hai, paoNvose tIrthayAtrA kI jAtI hai aura mere hI dvArA sasArake vipayokA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| jAnatI ho mere vinA kriyA nahIM aura kriyAkai binA sukha nahI, ataH mai saba indriyoMmeM pradhAna huuN|" ___isI vIcame mana bola uThA-"arI mUrkhA, tuma kyA anApa-sanApa cakatI ho / tumhAre samAna dhUrta koI bhI nahIM hai / ramaNiyoke premAliMgana se tumhI jIvako baoNdhatI ho, tapatyAse vicalita karanA tumhArA hI kAma hai / ataH tumase baDA aura pradhAna mai huuN| mere zuddha rahane para hI saba kucha zuddha raha sakatA hai| maiM hI uyA, mamatA Adiko karatA hU~, jitane bhI vikAra hai, mujhameM hI utpanna hote hai| indriyokA sacAlana mere hI dvArA hotA hai / ataH mai sabakA rAjA hU~ aura indriyoM merI dAsI haiM / merI preraNAke binA eka bhI indriya apanA kArya nahIM kara sakatI hai| jIvake samasta kAryoMkA sacAlana mere hI hAthame hai|" isI bIca munirAja haMsate hue kahane lage-"are mUrkha mana, tU kyo garva karatA hai| jIvake pApoMkI anumodanA tumhAre hI dvArA hotI hai|

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02 hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana indriyaoN sthira bhI rahatI haiM, kintu tuma sadA bandarake samAna caMcala rahate ho / karmabandhanakA kAraNa re mana, tU hI hai| viSayoMkI ora daur3anA terA sahaja svabhAva hai / " munirAjakI ina bAtoMko sunakara namaskAra karatA huA mana kahane lagA. "prabho ! mai apanA dopa samajha gayA / Apa kRpAkara mujhe yaha batalAiye ki paramAtmA kauna hai aura sukha kisa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai / " munirAja - " rAga-dvepake dUra ho jAnepara yaha AtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| paramAtmA do prakArake haiM-sakala aura nikala / paramAtmA ke ye bheda rAga-dvepake abhAvakI tAratamyatA ke kAraNa hai / yadyapi kisI bhI paramAtmAme rAga-dvepa bilkula nahI rahatA, parantu jarjarita saskAra aura vAsanAeN isa jIvake sAtha lagI raha jAtI haiM, jisase nikala paramAtmA zarIra ke bandhanako chor3aneke uparAnta hI yaha jIva bana pAtA hai / " isa paJcendriya savAdame indriyoMke uttara- pratyuttara bar3e hI sarasa aura svAbhAvika haiM / kavine pratyeka indriyakA uttara itane prabhAvaka Dhagase dikhAyA hai, jisase pAThaka prabhAvita hue binA nahI raha sakatA / sarva prathama apane pakSako sthApita karatI huI nAka kahatI hai nAka kahai prabhu maiM baDhI, aura na baDo kahAya / nAka rahai pata lokameM, nAka gae pata jAya // prathama vadana para dekhie, nAka navala AkAra / sundara mahA suhAvanI, mohita loka apAra // sukha vilasai saMsArakA, so saba mujha parasAda / nAnA vRkSa sugandhi ko, nAka karai AsvAda // nAka pakSako sunakara kAnakA uttara kAna kahai rI nAka suna, tU kahA karai gumAna / jo cAkara bhAge calai, to nahiM bhUpa samAna //

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173 AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya nAka surani pAnI jharai, vahe zleSamA apAra / gUdhani kari pUrita rahai, lAjai nahIM gavAra / terI chIMka sunai jite, kara na uttama kAja | sUdai tuha durgandhameM, taU na Avai kAna // vRpabha U nArI nirakha, aura jIva jaga maoNhi / jita tita toko chediye, toU lajAno nAhi // X kAnana kuNDala zalakatA, maNi muktAphala saar| jagamaga jagamaga hai rahai, dekhai saba saMsAra / sAtoM surako gAibo, adbhuta sukhamaya svAda / ina kAnana kara parakhiye, mIThe mIThe nAda // kAnana sarabhara ko karai, kAna bar3e saradAra / chahoM dravya ke guNa sunai, jAnai savada vicAra // yaha eka sarasa AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya hai| isakA sujana kavi bhagavatIdAsane mAnavAtmAkI usa cirantana pukArako lekara kiyA hai, jo madhubinduka caupAI mAnava-manameM anAdi kAlase vyApta jar3IbhUta andha " tamilA-pubjakA vidAraNa kara cira-amara AnandabhAsake anveSaNakI AkAkSAse vyApta hai| kavine rUpakAtmaka kathAnakame apane anta prANokA spandana bhara kara zAzvata vAstavikatAkA akSama svarUpa kalAtmaka rUpase prasphuTita kiyA hai| isake mamameM nihita cirantana satya sadA sUryakI taraha projjvala rahegA, yuga yA samaya-vizeSakA prakopa zrAvaNake meghoMke samAna isake ujjvala svarUpako kSaNabharake lie bhale hI andhakAramaya banA de, parantu isakA divya sandeza sadA hI mAnavatAkA pATha par3hAtA rahegA / kavine atIndriya AnandakA nirUpaNa karate hue nAnA manodvega evaM mAyAmaya hatyapaToMkA vivecana bar3e hI hRdaya-Aya DhaMgase kiyA hai|

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174 hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana pralobhana isa mAnavako mAnavatAse kisa prakAra dUra kara dete haiM tathA jIvanakSitija ina pralobhanoMse kitanA dhUmila ho jAtA hai, AdikA sUkSma vizlepaNa isa laghukAya kAvyameM vidyamAna hai / kaJcana aura kAminIkA pralobhana hI pradhAna hai, isIke adhIna hokara mAnava nAnA pratADanAo, vedanAoM aura udvenokA sandoha apane meM sameTe akhaNDa aizvarya-sambhogake apratihata AtmollAsa me rata rahatA hai / parantu isa aparimita sukha - bhANDAra meM bhI AkAkSAoM kI atRpti rahanese vedanAjanya anubhUti varttamAna rahatI hai / kavine apanI bhAvukatA aura kalAtmakatAkA Azraya lekara isa rUpakame upayukta tathyakI sundara vivecanA kI hai| kavine madhubindukakA rUpaka dete hue batAyA hai ki eka dina eka munirAja pUche gaye praznoMkA uttara deneke lie kathA kahane lage--" eka puruSa vaname jAte hue rAstA bhUlakara idhara-udhara bhaTakane lagA / jisa araNyame vaha pahu~ca gayA thA, vaha araNya atyanta bhayakara thA / usame siMha aura madonmatta gajoMkI garjanAe~ sunAI par3a rahI thI / vaha bhayAkrAnta hokara idhara-udhara chipanekA prayAsa karane lagA, itaneme eka pAgala hAthI use pakar3ane ke lie daudd'aa| hAthIko apanI ora Ate hue dekhakara vaha vyakti bhAgA / vaha jitanI tejIse bhAgatA jAtA thA, hAthI bhI utanI hI tejIse usakA pIchA kara rahA thaa| jaba usane isa prakAra jAna bacate na dekhI to vaha eka vRkSakI zAkhAse laTaka gayA, isa vRkSakI zAkhAke nIce eka bar3A andhakUpa thA tathA usake Upara eka madhumakkhIkA chattA lagA huA thaa| hAthI bhI daur3atA huA usake pAsa AyA, para zAkhAse laTaka jAneke kAraNa, vaha usa per3a ke taneko sU~r3ase pakar3akara hilAne lagA / vRkSake hilane se madhuchattese eka-eka bUnda madhu girane lagA aura vaha puruSa usa madhukA AsvAdana kara apaneko sukhI samajhane lagA | nIcekai andhakUpame cAro kinAropara vAra ajagara mueNha phailAye hue baiThe the tathA jisa zAkhAko vaha pakar3e thA, use kAle aura sapheda raGgake

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hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana ghaTakI jaTA laTaki jo rahI / so AyurdA jinavara kahI || tiha jara kArata bhUsA doya / dina naha raina lakhahu tuma soya // mA~khI ghU~Tata tAhi zarIra / so bahu rogAdika kI pIra // anagara pasyo kUpake bIca | so nigoda savataiM gati bIca // yAkI kachu marajAdA nAhiM / kAla anAdi rahe iha mAhiM // ara mina kahI ihi Thaura cahu~gati mahita bhina na aura // cahu~diza cArahu mahAbhujaMga / so gati cAra kahI saravaMga // madhukI bUnda viSai sukha jAna / niha~ sukha kAja rahyau hitamAna | jyoMnara tyA viSayAzrita jIva / iha vidhi saMkaTa sahai sadIva // vidyAdhara taha~ suguru samAna / de upadeza sunAvata jJAna // 176 kavine isa rUpaka dvArA viSaya- sukha aura sArahInatAkA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| tathA mithyAtva, avirati Adiko tyAgakara samyak zraddhAlu aura samyaka jJAnI banane ke lie z2ora diyA hai| svapnavatcIsI, mithyAtvacaturdazI Adi aura bhI kaI racanAe~ AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvyake antargata AtI hai / jaina rupaka kAvyakI paramparA bahuta dino taka calatI rahI / hindI sAhityameM jAyasIke padmAvatake pazcAt rUpaka sAhityakI dhArA sukhI-sI mAlUma par3atI hai| yadyapi nAvyakSetrameM bhAratendukA pAkhaNDa - viDambana, prasAdakA kAmanA nATaka aura kavi pantakA jyotsnA rUpakakai sundara udAharaNa haiM, to bhI isa aMgake vikAsakI abhI AvazyakatA hai / kAvya sAhityame prasAdakI 'kAmAyanI' spaka kAvya hai / bhAratendune kaliyugake prabhASase jIvaname satoguNakA abhAva evaM rajoguNa tamoguNakA prAdhAnya hai, isakA citraNa isa rUpakame kiyA hai / nATakakArane batAyA hai ki zAnti aura karuNA do sakhiyA~ hai / zAnti apanI pyArI mA~ zraddhAke viyogame duHkhI hai / karuNA apanI sakhI zAntiko sAntvanA detI huI tIthA,

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mAdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya 177 Azramo, maThoM, devAlyo eva muniyoke AvAsomeM zraddhAko DhU~r3haneko kahatI hai / zAnti sarvatra zraddhAko DhU~DhatI hai, para use sarvatra pAkhaNDa hI dikhalAyI par3atA hai / dhArmika zreSThatAkA bhAva kevala zabdome hI hai, kriyAmaka jIvaname pratyeka dharmAvalambI dharmake udAttasvarUpako bhUlakara indriyasukha-lipsAma hI dharma samajhatA hai| yaha nATaka zAnasUryodaya nATakakI chAyA sA pratIta hotA hai| kavi prasAdakA kAmanA nATaka sAskRtika rUpaka hai / kAmanA mAnavamanAlokakI rAnI hai, vaha vilAsake prati AkRSTa hotI hai, para usake sAtha usakA vivAha nahIM hotA aura antame santoSake sAtha usakA pariNaya ho jAtA hai / vilAsa kAmanAko chor3a lAlasAke sAtha pariNaya karatA haidonoM eka dUsareke AkarSaNapara mugdha haiN| vilAsa apanA prabhutva sthApita karaneke lie svarNa aura madirAkA pracAra karatA hai, pazcAt zanaiH-zanaiH sabhya zAsanakI duhAI dekara sabhI logopara niyantraNa karanA Arambha kara detA hai / java mAnavatA trAhi-trAhi karane lagatI hai, to kAmanAko apanI bhUla avagata ho jAtI hai aura vaha santopako varaNa karatI hai| saba milakara vilAsa aura lAlasAko unakI samasta svarNarAzike sAtha samudrame visarjita kara dete hai / vaha rUpaka sAgopAr3a hai| jaina kAnyake rUpaka bhI sAGgopAGga haiN| yadyapi kathAme mAnavIya rocakavA kucha kSINa hai, saiddhAntika AdhAra kucha adhika spaSTa honeke kAraNa mAnava manako ramAnemeM kucha asamartha se hai; para mAnava manako thakAte yA vojhila nahIM banAte haiM / kavitvakA ullAsa pratyeka kAvyame vidyamAna hai| pAtrokA caritra-vilAsa, unakA mAsala vyaktitva aura AkarSaka vArtAlApa ina, kAvyoma prAyaH nahIM hai, phira bhI vicAroMkA sundara sakalana huA hai| sUkSma zarIradhArI pAtroMkA atIndriya karmaloka svabhAvataH manorakSaka hotA hai / ina kAvyomeM siddhAnta aura kavitA jIvanakI AdhAra bhUmipara sahana samanvita hai| sunahalI kalpanAe~ vAyavI vAtAvaraNameM kavitAkI raga 12

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170 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana viraMgI kyAriyoMme siddhAntoMkI kusumavATikA Aropita karatI hai| yaha vATikA kevala indriyoko hI tRpti nahIM detI, pratyuta atIndriya jagatko bhI zAnti pradAna karatI hai / jIvanake rAgAtmaka sambandhose pRthak ho mAnava AdhyAtmika lokameM vicaraNa karane lagatA hai| jaina kaviyone smakake amUrta siddhAntome aura mUrta kathAvastume samAnAntara calanevAlI eka sAmya bhAvanA akita kI hai| sAgya prAyaH itanA spaSTa aura kathAkA AvaraNa itanA jhInA hai ki siddhAnta svaya bolate hue sunAI par3ate haiN|

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paJcamAdhyAya prakIrNaka kAvya jIvanake sUkSma vyApaka satyoMkA udghATana karanA, mAnavake prakRta rAgadvaSoMkA parimArjana karanA eva mAnavakI svabhAvagata icchAo, AkAkSAoM aura pravRtti-nivRttiyoMkA sAmaJjasya karanA hI jaina prakIrNaka kAvyokA varNya viSaya hai| ina kAryoMme mAnavako jar3atAse caitanyakI ora, zarIrase AtmAkI ora, rUpase bhAvakI ora baDhanA hI vyeya batalAyA gayA hai| jIvanakI vibhUti tyAga aura sayama hai, yaha tyAga bhAvukatAkA prasAda na hokara jJAnakA pariNAma hotA hai| jabataka jIvaname rAga-dveSakI sthiti banI rahatI hai tabataka tyAga aura sayamakI pravRtti A nahI sktii| rAga aura dveSa hI vibhinna Azraya aura avalambana pAkara agaNita bhAvanAoke rUpameM parivartita ho jAte hai| jIvanake vyavahAra-kSetrameM vyaktikI viziSTatA, samAnatA eva hInatAke anusAra ukta dono bhAvoMmeM maulika parivartana hotA hai| sAdhu aura guNavAnke prati rAga sammAna ho jAtA hai. yahI samAnake prati prema eva hInake prati karuNA bana jAtA hai / mAnava rAga bhAvake kAraNa hI apanI abhISTa icchAokI pUrti na honepara krodha karatA hai, apaneko ucca aura var3A samajha kara dUsarokA tiraskAra karatA hai, dUsaroMkI dhana-sampatti eva aizvarya dekhakara hRdayame IyAbhAva utpanna karatA hai tathA sundara ramaNiyoke avalokanase kAma-tRSNA usake hRdaya meM jAgrata ho jAtI hai| jisa prakAra rogakI avasthA aura usake nidAnake mAlUma ho jAnepara rogI rogase nivRtti prApta karanekA prayatna karatA hai, usI prakAra pratyeka

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180 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana vyakti sasArarUpI rogakA nidAna aura usakI avasthAko jAnakara usase mukta honekA prayAsa kara sakatA hai| saMsArake duHkhoMkA mUla kAraNa rAgadveSa hai, inhe zAstrIya paribhASAmeM mithyAtva kahA jAtA hai| AtmAke astitvameM vizvAsa na kara anAtmarUpa-rAga-dveSa rUpa zraddhA karanese manuSyako sva-paraviveka nahIM rahatA hai, jar3a-zarIrako AtmA samajha letA hai tathA strI, putra, dhana, dhAnya, aizvaryameM rAgake kAraNa lita ho jAtA hai| inhe apanA samajhakara inake sadbhAva aura abhAvameM harSa-viSAda utpanna karatA hai| AtmavizvAsake abhAvame jJAna bhI mithyA rahatA hai / ataeva kaSAya aura asaMyamase yukta AcaraNa bhI mithyAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai / anAtmaviSayaka pravRtti honese isa mAnavako sarvadA kaSTa bhoganA par3atA hai| isI kAraNa sadAcArase vimukha mAnavako AtmamAvameM pratiSThita karanA satsAhityakA dhyeya mAnA gayA hai| prakIrNaka kAvyake racayitA jaina AcAryoM aura kaviyone mAnavakA pariSkAra karaneke lie dhArmika, sAmAjika, pArivArika Adi AdarzoMkI sarasa vivecanA kI hai| unhoMne mAnavako vyaSTika talase uThAkara samaSTike talapara pratiSThita kiyA hai| bahirjagatke saundaryakI apekSA anvarjagatke saundaryakA inhoMne prakIrNaka kAvyoMme vizeSa nirUpaNa kiyA hai / yaha saundarya kSaNika Anandako pradAna karanevAlA nahIM hai, apitu mAnava-hRdayakI gUDhatama jaTila samasyAoMkA pratyakSIkaraNa karanevAlA hai| jo kavi mAnavake antarjagatke rahasyako kholakara dekhatA hai, usakI mAnasika paheliyoMko sulajhAtA hai, vahI zreSTha kavike siMhAsanapara ArUr3ha honekA adhikArI hai| yadyapi kucha Alocaka kAvyake isa upayogitAvAdI dRSTikoNako svIkAra nahIM karate haiM tathA AcArAtmaka varNanoMkI pradhAnatA honese dUsare kAvya sAhityase pRthak hI kara denA cAhate haiM; parantu ce sambhavataH ise bhulA dete haiM ki jIvaname jo pramukha icchAe~ aura kAmanAe~ haiM, sAhityame ve hI sthAyI bhAva haiN| jo sAhityakAra

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prakIrNaka kAvya mAnavako anAtma-bhAvanAoMse mor3akara AtmabhAvanAoMkI samacaturasra bhUmimeM le jAtA hai aura vahA~ jIvanakA yathArtha parijJAna karA detA hai, use sthAyI sAhityakA nirmAtA mAnanemeM kisIko bhI Apatti nahIM honI caahiye| haoN, jahaoNpara bhAvokI apratihata dhArA na hokara korA upadeza rahatA hai, vahA~ nizcaya hI kAvya niSprANa ho jAtA hai / jaina prakIrNaka kAvya ke nirmAtAoMne apAra bhAva-bhedakI nidhiko lekara prAyaH zreSTha kAvya hI race hai, jo yuga-yugataka sAskRtika cetanA pradAna karate rahege / 181 kAvyake satya, ziva aura sundara ina tIno avayavoMmese jaina prakIrNaka kAvyoMmeM zivatva - lokahitakI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai| para isakA artha yaha nahIM ki satya aura sundaraMkI avahelanA kI gayI hai / ina kAvyome saundarya aura satyakI svAbhAvikatA itanI pracuramAtrAme pAyI jAtI hai, jisase udAtta bhAvanAokA sacAra hue binA nahI rahatA / tathya yaha hai ki lokahitakI pratiSThA ke lie jaina prakIrNaka kAvya racayitAbhane racanAcAturya ke sAtha mAnasika zaktike nimitta sadvRttiyoMkI AvazyakatA anivArya rUpase pratipAdita kI hai| kabi banArasIdAsakI sUktimuktAvalI, jJAnapaccIsI, adhyAtmabattIsI, karmachattIsI, mokSapair3I, zivapaccIsI, jJAnavAvanI; bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakI puNyapaJcIsikA, akSarabattIsikA, zikSAvalI, guNamaMjarI, anAdivantIsikA, manabattIsI, svapnabattIsI, vairAgyapaccIsikA, AzcaryacaturdazI; kAMva rUpacandakA paramArtha- zataka dohA, kavi dyAnatarAyakA 'subodhapacAsikA ' dharmapaccIsI, vyasana tyAga Sor3aza, sukhavattIsI, vivekabIsI, dharmarahasyabAvanI, vyauhArapaccIsI, sajjanaguNadazakaH kavi AnandaghanakI AnandabahattarI; bhUghara kavikA jainazataka, budhajana kavikI budhajana satasaI; DAlUrAmakA gurUpadeza zrAvakAcAra evaM daulatarAma kavikI chahaDhAlA prasiddha prakIrNaka kAvya haiM / ina sabhI kaviyoMne AcAra aura nItikI aneka bAteM

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana sarasa rUpame akita kI hai| yahA~ kucha racanAoMke sambandhame prakAza DAlA jAyagA / sUktimuktAvalI saMskRta bhASAme kavi somaprabhane sUktimuktAvalIkI racanA kI hai| kavivara banArasIdAsane isakA itanA sarala aura sarasa anuvAda kiyA hai ki anuvAda honepara bhI isa racanAme maulikatAkA Ananda AtA hai| kavine jIvanopayogI, AtmotthAnakArI bAteM adbhuta Dhagase upasthita kI hai| mUrkha manuSya isa mAnava jIvanako kisa prakAra vyartha khotA hai, isakA nirUpaNa karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki jaise vivekahIna mUrkha vyakti hAthIko sajAkara usapara IMdhana DhotA hai, soneke pAtrame dhUla bharatA hai, amRtase paira dhotA hai, kaueko ur3Ane ke lie ratna phekakara rotA hai, usI prakAra vaha isa durlabha mAnava zarIrako pAkara AtmoddhArake vinA yohI kho detA hai / kavikA nirUpaNa jitanA prabhAvotpAdaka hai, utanA hI bharmasparzIM bhI hai / kavi kahatA hai 1 182 jyoM matihIna viveka vinA nara, sAji mataGgaja IMdhana Dhovai / kaMcana bhAjana dhUla bharai zaTha, mUDha sudhArasa so paga dhove // vAhita kAga ur3Avana kAraNa, DAra udadhi maNi mUrakha rove / tyoM yaha durlabha deha 'ghanArasi' pAya ajAna akAratha khovai // mI kitanI cacala hotI hai aura yaha kitane tarahakI vilAsa lIlAe~ karatI hai, isakA citraNa karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki vaha saritAke jalapravAhake samAna nIcakI ora DhalatI hai, nidrAke samAna behozI bar3hAtI hai, bijalIkI taraha cacala hai tathA dhu~eke samAna manuSyako andhA banAtI hai / yaha tRSNA agniko usI taraha bar3hAtI hai jaise madirA mattatAko / vezyA jisa taraha kurUpa surUpa, zUdra-brAhmaNa, U~ca-nIca, vidvAna-mUrkha, Adise dikhAvaTI sneha karatI hai, usI prakAra yaha bhI sabhIse kRtrima prema karatI hai / vezyAke samAna hI vizvaghAtinI aura nAnA durguNoMkI khAna hai / kaci isI Azayako spaSTa karatA huA kahatA hai

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prakIrNaka kAvya 182 nIca kI ora Dharai saritA jimi, ghUma vaDhAvata nIMdakI nAI / caMcalA hai pragaTai capalA jimi, andha karai jima dhUmakI jhAI // teja karai tisanA dava jyo mada, jyo mada poSita mUDhake tAI / ye karatUta karai kamalA jaga, Dolata jyAM kulaTA bina sAI // samasta doSoko utpanna karanevAlA ahakAra vikAra hai / isa 'a' pravRttike AdhIna hokara manuSya dUsaroMkI avahelanA karatA hai / apaneko bar3A aura anyako tuccha yA laghu samajhatA hai / ataeva samasta doSa isa eka hI duSpravRttimeM nivAsa karate haiM / kavi kahatA hai ki isa abhimAna se hI vipattikI saritA kala-kala dhvani karatI huIM cAro ora pravAhita ho rahI hai / isa nadIkI dhArA itanI prakhara hai, jisase yaha eka bhI guNagrAmako apane pUrame bahAye binA nahIM chor3atI / ataeva yaha 'ahabhAva' eka vizAla parvatake tulya hai, kubuddhi aura mAyA isakI guphAe~ hai, hiMsaka buddhi dhUmarekhAke samAna aura krodha dAvAnalake samAna hai / kavi kahatA hai jAteM nikasa cipati saritA saba, jagameM phaila rahI cahu~ ora / jAke DhiMga guNagrAma nAma nahi; mAyA kumatiguphA ati ghora // jahaeN vadhabuddhi dhUmarekhA sama; udita kopa dAvAnala jora / so abhimAna pahAra paDhaMtara, tajata tAhi sarvajJa kizora // isa kAvyame jIvanopayogI ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, graha eva sayamakI vivecanAke sAtha krodha, moha, lobha, IrSyA, ghRNA Adi vikAroMkI AlocanA kI gayI hai| donoM hI dRSTiyose racanA upAdeya hai / mAnavakai zAnta gambhIra hRdayako ajJAna sarvadA rahA hai / jJAnakA jo aza zivatvakA udghATana karatA hai, jJAnabAvanI brahmacarya, apariabhimAna, kAma, bhAva aura bhASA vedanAmaya banAtA usake tirohita yA AcchAdita ho jAnese mAnavakA mAnavatva hI lupta ho jAtA hai / kavine isa racanAmeM jAnakI mahimA kA manohara varNana kiyA hai tathA kavi mAnava- hRdaya ke antaratamako TaTo

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana tA huA prabhAvotpAdaka zailImeM marmodvAra vyakta karatA huA pAkhaNDiyoMko phaTakAratA hai ki re mUrkha prANI ! tU kyoM dIna pazuoMkA vadha karatA hai / hRdayameM jJAna jyotike jAgRta hue binA tuma yajJa karaneke adhikArI nahI / saccA yaza vahI vyakti kara sakatA hai jo AtmajJAnake dIpakako prajvalita kara sakegA / jo vyakti nAnA tIthoM aura aneka saritAoMmeM avadhapUrvaka snAna karatA hai, usakA vaha lAna vyartha hai / nirmala Atma1 jala meM snAna kiye binA tIrthasnAna korA ADambara hai| saccA Atmavodha hI zAnti de sakatA hai, isIse Atmadarzana sambhava hai / jJAnI vyakti vipatti aura sakaTake samaya acala, aDiga aura sthira rahatA hai| maMsArakA koI bhI pralobhana use apane karttavya-mArgase hai| sukha-duHkha to saMsArame puNya-pApake udayase hai / vicAroM aura bhAvanAoM meM santulana utpanna karanA tathA antamma jJAnadIpako prakAzita kara anAtma-bhAvanAoke timirako vicchinna karanA pratyeka vicAravAn vyaktikA karttavya hai / kavi vanArasIdAsa isI bhAvanAko vyakta karate hue kahate haiM cyuta nahIM kara sakatA aharniza Ate rahate ** kauna kAla sugadha karata vadha dIna pazu, nAgI na agama jyoti kaiso yajJa karihai / kauna kAja saritA samudra sara lala Dohai, Atama amala Dhohyo ajahU~ na Dharihai // kAhe pariNAma saMklega rUpa karai jIva, puNya pApa bheda kie kahu~ na udharihai / 'vanArasIdAsa' nija ukta amRta rasa, soI jJAna sunai tU ananta bhava tariha || AtmajJAnIkI avasthA, kArya-paddhati evaM jIvanakI gatividhikA nirUpaNa karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki jisa vyaktiko saccA Atmabodha prApta

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prakIrNaka kAvya 185 ho gayA hai, vaha apanI sImAkA ullaghana nahIM karatA hai / jisa prakAra varSA Rnume saritAoMme vADha A jAtI hai aura usame tRNa, kASTha Adi balueN vaha jAtI hai, kintu citrAvela isa bAdame vaha jAnepara bhI sar3atIgalatI nahIM hai aura na vaha galI-galI mArI-mArI phiratI hI hai, isI prakAra paoNcoM indriyoke prapacame paDakara bhI AtmanAnI vilAsase pRyak rahatA hai, indriyoM use Asakta nahIM kara pAtI hai / lobha, moha Adi vikArose yaha apanI rakSA kara letA hai- . Rtu barasAta nadI nAle sara jora car3he, bAdai nAhiM marajAda sAgarake phaila kii| nIrake pravAha tRNa kAThavRnda bahe nAta, citrAdhela Ai caDhe nAhI kaha gaila kI / 'vanArasIdAsa' aise paMcanake parapaMca, raMcaka na saMka Avai vIra buddhi chaila kii| kucha na anIta na kyoM prIti para guNa setI, aisI rIti viparIti adhyAtama zaila kii| isa racanAme kula 52 padma hai, sabhI Atmabodha jAgRta karaneme sahAyaka hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsako jIvanakI nambaratA aura apUrNatAkI gambhIra anubhUti hai| isI kAraNa vizva aura vizvake dvandvoMkA cintana, manana bhanityapacIsikA hai aura vizlepaNa inakI kavitAme vidyamAna hai| " kAlpanika aura vAstavika jIvanakI gahana vyAkhyA karate hue AtmatattvakA vivecana kiyA hai| kavine isa prastuta racanAmeM apane Abhyantarika satyako dekhane aura dikhalAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai| kavikA anubhUtikA srota Atmadarzanase pravAhita hai| vaha jIvanakI samasta samasyAoMkA ekamAtra samAdhAna sAdhanA yA sayamako batalAtA hai| jaba

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106 hindI-jaina sAhitya parizIlana tama vizvakai padArthameM Asakti rahegI, sayamako bhAvanA utpanna nahIM ho sakatI / isI kAraNa kalAkAra naganke vAstavika kSaNamgura lpako vyakta karatA huA saMsArakI lArtha-paratA, usake rAgAnmaka ghinaune sambandha, evaM antanaMgakI vibhinna avAstavikatAoMkA pratyakSIkaraNa karatA hai, kSaNabhaMgura garIrase amara AtmAkI ora agrandara honA hai tathA mUrta jIvanma amUrnakA evaM syUla sparma madhma tpA sAmIpya lAma baneko utsuka hai| anityapaJcIsikAma bAhyacitraNama itanI pragatmatA nahIM dikhalAyI gayI hai, jitanI antagatake citraNa / vizva atirajita citra kaviko mohita nahIM kara sake hai, ataH vaha saMsArakI asthiratA, anityatA evaM ninsAratAkA vivecana karatA hai| kavikA yaha vizeSatA hai ki usane nirAzAkI bhAvanA kahA~ bhI vyakta nahIM hone dI hai| jIvana meM AzA, sarti, prema, santoSa, viveka Adi guNoko utAraneke lie bora diyA hai| ___ kavi kahatA hai ki isa durlabha mAnava zarIrako prAtakara yadi hamane apane antaskA AloDana nahIM kiyA, apane rahana-sahana, khAna-pAnakI zuddhipara jora nahIM diyA, krodha-mAna-sAga-lobha jaise vikAraoNko apane hRdayane nikAla bAhara nahIM kiyA evaM indriyA~ka viSayAma Asakta ho nAnA prakArake kukRtya karanA nahIM chor3A to phira isa zarIrakA prApta karanA nirarthaka hai / jIvanama aparimita Ananda hai, ananta dukha hai, kintu isakI prApti sacce Atma-bodhake binA nahIM ho sakatI hai| hamgare nitane bhI rAgAtmaka sambandha haiM, ve saba svArthapara Azrita haiN| hama ina rAgAtmaka sambandhoMse Upara uThanepara hI vAstavika nuskha pA sakate haiN| mAnava jIvana gastavika Atmadarzana karane ke lie milA hai, ataeva isakA sadupayoga karanA pratyeka vyaktikA kartavya hai| isa mautika jaganmeM duHkhakA mUla kAraNa anAtmabhAva hI hai | kavi kahatA hai nara deha pAye kahA, paMDita bahAye kahA, tIrathake nhAye kahA tara to na beha hai|

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prakIrNaka kAya 187 lamkei phamAye kAra, bharaTake bhapAye kahA, manake dharAye kahA chInatA na hai re|| peNake hu~gAye gae, bhapake banAye kahA, joyanake Age kahA, barAha na baddha hai| pramako pilAna kahA, durjanameM pAma phaTA, bhAtana prabhAga yina pIThe paritaH / ma racanAga zulana patra karine enama gavipake ujjvala prakAyAko apita paranana nAma atIta aura vartamAnakA samanvaya bhI karanekA AgAma piyaa|| kavi pAnatarAyane 121 pogaM yaha ganabhAvana racanA likhI hai| sabina bhAtmagaundarnayA anubhava kara une gagArake mAmane ina Tagate rakhA , jisame vAntavipaH Antarika saundaryakA parijJAna - sahajama ho jAtA hai / yaha kRti manava-hRdayako svArtha gambandhAsarI sakIrNatAme Upara uTApara loka-kalyANakI bhAvabhUmipara le jatI, jiname manovimAkA parikAra ho jAtA hai| aneka vikArokA vipaNa karaneke gagNa vikI bahudarzitA prakaTa hotI hai| mAnava-hRdayake rahatyA meM praveza paranesI anula bhagatA vidyamAna hai| Arambhame iSTadevako namasAra karane uparAnta bhakti aura lutikI AvazyakatA,mithyAtva aura mamyattayakI mahimA, rahabArAkA duHkha, indriyoMkI dAsatA, naraka-nigodake duHsa, puNya-pApakI mahattA, dharmakA mahatva, jAnI-agAnIkA cintana, AtmAnubhUtikI vizeSatA, zuddha Atmatvaspa, navatattvasvatpa, AdikA marama vivecana vidyamAna hai| kavine bhavasAgarase pAra utaranekA kitanA mundara upAya batalAyA hai mocata jAta sarva dinarAta, kcha na ghasAta khA kariye jii| soca niyAra nijAtama dhArahu, rAga virodha sabai hariye jii||

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188 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana yauM kahiye ju kahA lahiye, sughahai kahiye karanA dhariye jii| pAvata mokha miTAvata dopa, su yauM bhavasAgarakauM tariye jii|| sasArame sukha aura zAnti samatAke dvArA hI sthApita ho sakatI hai| jabataka tRSNA aura lAlasA lagI rahatI hai, tabataka zAnti upalabdha nahIM ho sakatI / zAzvatika zAnti santopake binA nahIM mila sakatI hai| jabataka hamArI pravRttiyA~ bahirmukhI rahatI hai, tabataka AdhyAtmika prabhAtakA udaya nahIM ho sakatA / isa AdhyAtmika samarasatAke vivecaname kavi pratyakSa jIvanameM nirAza dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai, kintu AgAkI navIna rAziyoM usake mAnasa kSitijapara udaya ho rahI hai| kavi carama satyameM vizvAsa karatA huA kaha uThatA hai kAhai kauM soca karai mana mUrakha, soca karai kachu hAtha na aihai| pUraba karma subhAsubha saMcita, so niha. apano rasa daihai / tAhi nivAranako balavaMta, tihU~ nagamAhiM na kou lsaihai| tAta hi soca tanI samavA gahi, jyau sukha hoi jinaMda kahaihai / samadRSTi apane AtmarUpakA anubhava karatA hai, use apane antaskI yaha chavi mugdha aura atulanIya pratIta hotI hai| usakI yaha preyasI atyanta jyotirmaya hai, isake bhrUsaketamAtrase pakaja khilate hai, tRNa-tarupAta sihara uThate hai, harita dUrvAdala laharAne lagate haiM aura navIna umage, nayI bhAvanAe~ utpanna ho Ananda-vibhora kara detI haiM | kavi isa anupama sundarIkI kalpanAse hI sihara jAtA hai aura kaha uThatA hai kevalagyAnamaI paramAtama, siddhasarUpa lasai siva tthaahiiN| vyApakarUpa akhaMDa pradeza, lasai jagamaiM jagasau vaha nAhIM / cetana aMka liya cinamUrati, dhyAna dharI visako nijmaahiiN| rAga virodha nirodha sadA, nima hoi vahI tajikai vidhi chaahiiN||

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prakIrNaka kAvya isa racanAme kavi dyAnatarAyane dAnakA mahattva, Adarza, upayogitA evaM sahakAritAkI bhAvanAkA akana kiyA hai / kavine komala, kamanIya kalpanAokA sRjanakara jIvanakI viSamatAoMkA dAnavAcanI samAdhAna karanekA AyAsa nahIM kiyA hai, pratyuta jIvanakI Thosa bhAvabhUmimeM utarakara prakRta rAga-dverSo ke parimArjanakA vidhAna batAyA hai / ananta AkAkSAeN dAna, tyAga, santoSake abhAva me vRddhiMgata hotI huI jIvanako dukhamaya banA detI hai / kavine apane antasme isa cAtakA anubhava kiyA ki yaha mAnava jIvana var3hI kaThinAIse prApta huA hai, ise prAptakara yoM hI vyatIta karanA mUrkhatA hai, ataH 'sarvajanahitAya' kI preraNAse prerita hokara kavi yaha kahatA hai 189 mauna kahA jahA~ sAdhana Avata, pAvana so bhuvi tIratha hoI / pAya prachAlaka kAya lagAyaka, dehakI sarva ciyA nahiM khoI // dAna kasyo nahiM peTa bhayau bahu, sAdhakI Avana vAra na joii| mAnuSa jonika pAyakaiM mUrakha, kAmakI bAta karo nahiM koI // mAnavakI tRSNA prajvalita agnimeM DAle gaye IdhanakI taraha vaibhavavibhUtike prApta honepara uttarottara vRddhiMgata hI hotI jAtI hai / jina bAhyapadArthoMme mAnava sukha samajhatA hai aura jinake pRthak ho jAnese ise duHkha hotA hai, vAstavame ve saba padArtha vinAzIka haiN| lobha aura tRSNA mAnavako azAnti pradAna karatI haiM, inhI vikAroMke AdhIna hokara mAnava Atmasukhase vacita rahatA hai| sUma vyakti uparyukta vikAroke AdhIna hokara hI sampattikA na svayaM upabhoga karatA hai aura na apane parivArako hI upabhoga karane detA hai| kavine aise vyaktikI kauese tulanA karate hue isa pAmarako atese bhI nIca batalAyA hai / kavi kahatA hai- 1 sUmako jIvana hai jagameM kahA, Apa na khAya khavAya na jAneM darvake baMdhana mAhiM ba~dhyo dRr3ha, dAnakI bAta sunai nahiM kAneM //

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190 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana tAteM bar3hau guna kAgamai dekhiye, jAta bulAyaka bhojana ThAneM / lobha durau sava augunamaiM ika, tAhi tajai tisako hama mAneM / dAna denekI sArthakatAkA nirUpaNa karatA huA kavi kitane marmaspazI DhaMgase kahatA hai dInakauM dIjiye hoya dayA mana, mItakauM dIjiye prIti bddhaavai| sevaka dIjiye kAma karai vahu, sAhava dIjiye Adara pAvai // zatruko dIjiye vaira rahai nahi, bhATakauM dIjiye kIrati gaavai| sAdhakauM dIjiyai mokhake kArana, 'hAtha diyau na akAratha jAvai / isame kavine apanI vaiyaktika AtmAnubhUtiko jAgRta karate hue isa mAnava jIvanako sukhI banAnevAlI aneka vAtokA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| nyauhArapaJcIsI ma ra jJAnendriyoMke mAdhyamase mana jina bhAvanAoM, saveda " nAoko grahaNa karatA hai, unakA kisI na kisI prakArakA citra hRdayapaTalapara avazya akita ho jAtA hai| vAtAvaraNa, paristhiti, saskAra AdikI vibhinnatAkai kAraNa kavikai hRdayapaTapara aneka vastuoMke vividha citra utare hai, ata: usane apane antasme jagatkA anubhava jisa rUpameM kiyA hai, use vyAvahArika rUpa dekara vyaJjita karanekA upakrama kiyA hai| bAhyajagatme tabhI sukha-zAnti sthApita ho sakatI hai, jaba mAnavakA hRdaya svaccha ho jAya | vyaktitvake pariSkArake lie sayama, tyAga aura ahiMsAtatvakakA apanAnA pratyeka vyakti ke lie Avazyaka hai| jo vyakti iSTa-viyoga aura aniSTa-sayogameM ghabar3A jAtA hai, jIvaname nirAza ho jAtA hai| kavine usake maname sandhyA samaya saritAke usa pAra sudUra AkAzake koneme uThe kisI navIna vAdalame vidyutkI rekhAoMke samAna ujjvala AzAkA sacAra karate hue kahA hai pItama mareko sauca kara kahA nIva poca, taje te ananta bhava so kachu surata hai|

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prakIrNaka kAvya 111 eka Avai eka bAya mamatAsau vilalAi, roja mare dekhe sunai naika nA zurata hai / pUta sauM adhika prati vaha gAne viparIta, yaha to nahA manAta joga kyoM jurata hai| maranI hai sUjhe nAhi mohakI mahalamAhi, kAla hai avaiyA tvAsa nauvati purata hai| jJAnI vyakti saba jAnakI dizAmeM bar3hane lagatA hai, to sAMsArika ArSaNa prakkUila jhoMne use apane payase vicalita nahIM kara skte| usake hRdayameM mAnava jAtikA prema itanA prabala ho jAtA hai, jisase vaha kisI bhI vyaktiko duHkhI nahIM dekhanA cAhatA hai| ramya indradhanupake samAna aindriyika AkAMnAe~, vAsanAe~ svArthaka starase Upara ugA detI hai, jisane sarvaprakArakI zAnti upalabdha hotI hai| jina padAyoMke pralomanake kAraNa rAga-buddhi utpanna hotI hai, manakI bhUmikI sumana jaisI komla bhAvanAe~ svArthase pakila hotI rahatI haiN| kavine unhIM padArthAte utpanna bhAvanAoMkA rasamayI bhAvataraMgoMke phuhAroMse siMcana karate hue madhura kAmanAoMke sAkSAtkArakA AyAsa kiyA hai| sahRdaya kavi lalsAko laharoMse yukta rasakI nadIke kinAre vicaraNa karate hue anubhava kara kaha unnA hai desa desa dhAe gar3ha vAka bhUpatI rijhAye, thalahU khudAe giri tAe pAe nA msyo| sAgarako tIra dhAe maMtrahU nasAna dhyAe, para ghara bhojana sasaMka kAka nyauM ratyau / bar3e nAma bar3e kAma kula abhirAma dhAma, vati parAye kAma kare kAna nA skho| tisanA nigor3Ina na chor3I vAta bhauMhI koU, mati hu kanaur3I kara kaur3I dhana nA styo|

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana kavine isa vyohArapaccIsI meM jIvanako pariSkRta karane ke sAtha garva, IrSyA, pramAda, krodha Adi vikAroMko dUra karaneke lie jora diyA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki samaSTi aura vyaSTike hitake lie krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kapAyokA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai / krodha prItikA nAma karatA hai, mAna vinayakA, mAyA mitratAkA aura lobha sabhI sadguNoMkA nAza karatA hai / ataeva zAntise krodhako, namratA se abhimAnako, saralatAse mAyAko aura santopase lobhako jItanA cAhiye / mAnavakI mAnavatA yahI hai ki vaha apane hRdaya aura manakA pariSkArakara samAjako sava prakArase sukhI rakhe / jo vyakti apane hI svAthamaM rata rahatA hai, samAnakA khayAla nahIM karatA hai; vaha pazuse bhI nIca hai / kavine isa vAtako aneka dRSTAnto, pratidRSTAntoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| naitika vidhAnakA nirUpaNa karate hue kavine upadezakakA pada nahIM grahaNa kiyA hai / kavitA sarasa hai, AcAra aura lokahitakA nirUpaNa karanepara bhI saundaryakI kamI nahIM Ane pAyI hai| kavi dyAnatarAyakI yaha sundara sarasa racanA hai / kavine isameM mAnava jIvanako sukhI aura sampanna banAneke lie aneka vidhi-nipedhAtmaka niyamoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai / kavi kahatA hai ki pUraNa paMcAsikA yadi krodha karanekI Adata par3a gayI hai to kamA~ke Upara krodha karanA cAhiye / kamoMke AvaraNake kAraNa hI yaha saccidAI nanda AtmA nAnA prakAra ke kaSToko sahana kara rahI hai, ataH isa AtmAko svatantra karane ke lie kamoMpara krodha karanA parama Avazyaka hai / mAna karanA yadyapi hAniprada hai, parantu Atmika guNokA mAna karanA zreSTha hotA hai| jaba vyaktiko yaha anubhUti ho jAtI hai ki hamArI apanI sampatti apane pAsa hai, yaha jJAna, Ananda rUpa sampatti bhautika sampattikI apekSA zreSThatama hai, usa samaya AtmAme harpa aura gauravakI bhAvanAe~ utpanna hotI haiM tathA AtmavikAsakI preraNA milatI hai| isI prakAra mAyA 192

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prakIrNaka kAnya sasArake padArthoMme lisa karAtI hai, parantu dUsareke duHkhako dekhakara dravIbhUta ho jAnA aura mamatAvaza usake kaSTa nivAraNake lie tatpara ho jAnA jIvanakI zreSTha pravRtti hai| anyake saMkaTako dUra karanevAlI mamatA jIvanameM mukha utpanna karatI hai, ataeva grAhya hai| lobhavaza kisI vastuko lenekI pravRtti karanA tathA dhana ekatrita karaneke lie samAjakA zoSaNa karanA, jaghanya pravRtti hai| yadyapi lomake pratyakSa dopose pratyeka vyakti paricita hai, kintu yaha naisargika pravRtti aneka prayatna karanepara bhI nahIM chUTatI hai / ataeva kavi kahatA hai ki tapa karanekA lobha upAdeya hai, isa pravRttise jIvakA saccA vikAsa hotA hai, aura samaSTi evaM vyaSTi donoke hitake lie isa prakArakA lobha grAhya hotA hai| jaba hama Atma-zodhanake lie lAlAyita rahate hai, usa samaya hamAre dvArA lokakA maMgala to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI hama apanA mI maMgala kara lete hai| prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki anya vyaktiyoke sAtha kalaha evaM saMgharSa karanekI pravRtti hamame nisargataH rahatI hai| lAkha prayatna karanepara virale vyakti hI isa pravRttikA pariSkAra kara pAte haiN| kavi isa pravRttike parikArakA upAya batalAtA huA kahatA hai ki kapAyo-koSa, mAna, mAyA aura lobhake sAtha dvandva karanA upAdeya hai / mAnava kamajoriyokA dAsa hai, apanI bhUlo aura pravRttiyoko vaha sahasA rokaneme asamartha hai; ataeva vaha kaSAyoke sAtha dvandva, saMgharSa aura kalaha karatA huA apane jIvanako Anandamaya banA sakatA hai| yaha nizcaya hai ki vikAroMko zanaiH zanaiH supravRttiyoMke abhyAsase hI rokA jA sakatA hai| isI vAtako kavi spaSTa karatA hai krodha suI ju karai karamauM para, mAna suI dir3ha mAna bddh'aavai| mAyA suI parakaSTa nivArata, loma suI tapasauM tana taavai||

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191 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana rAga suI guru devapai kIjiye, dopa suI na vipa sukha bhaave| moha suI ju lakhai saba Apase, dhAnata sajanako kahilAvai // pIra suI para pIra vihArata, dhIra suI ju kapAyasauM jUjha / nIti suI jo anIti nidhArata, mIta suI aghasauM na bhruii| auguna so guna doSa vicArata, jo guna so samatArasa jhai| maMjana so ju karai mana maMjana, aMjana so ju niraMjana sUjhai // kavine isa prakAra jIvaname satya, zivaM aura sundarako utAranekA upAya batalAyA hai / nimna padyame buddhi aura dayAke vArtAlApakA kitanA mundara savAda akita kiyA gayA hai| buddhi dayAse anurodha karatI hai ki makhi, maiM terA atyanta upakAra mAnUMgI, tU merA eka kAma kara de| yaha caitanya mAnava kubuddhi spI nAyikAkai prema-pAzame baMdha gayA hai, yadyapi maine isase virata karane ke lie isa mAnavako bahuta samajhAyA hai, para merI eka bhI bAta nahIM sunatA / ataH tU isa mAnavako samajhA, jisase yaha mohake bandhanako tor3a apane vAstavika spako samajha ske| rI sakhI dayA ! tu jAnatI hai ki sautakA abhimAna kisa prakAra sahana kiyA jA sakatA hai ? pati yadi anya ramaNIse leha karane lage, to isase bar3A aura kyA kaSTa ho sakatA hai! buddhi kaha bahukAla gaye duHkha, bhUra bhaye kavahU~ na jagA hai| merI kahA~ nahiM mAnata raMcaka, mosauM vigAra kumAra sagA hai| yehurI sIkha dayA tuma jA vidhi,mohako tori de jema vagA hai| gAvahu~gI tumarI jasa maiM, cala rI jisa pai nija pema pagA hai / mAnava-jIvanama virakti prApta karanA sabase adhika kaThina kArya mAnA gayA hai / kavi bhUdharadAsane apane isa zatakama vairAgya-bhAvanA jAgRta zataka karanekA vidhAna batalAyA hai / kavi vairAgyako jIvana vikAsake lie parama Avazyaka mAnatA hai, usakA abhimata hai ki vizvakI avyavasthA, kalaha aura pratidvanditAkA mUlocchedana

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prakIrNaka kAvya 195 isI mAvanAke dvArA ho sakatA hai| yadyapi kahanekA Dhaga siddhAnta nirUpaNa jaisA hI hai, parantu maMjula bhAvanAokI abhivyakti kavine sarasa aura hRdayagrAhaka Dhagase kI hai / viSaya-pratipAdanameM 'dainya' yA palAyana vRttikA anusaraNa nahIM hai, pratyuta tathya-vivecana hai| bhUparazatakake kavitta, savaiye, chappaya vaDe hI sarasa, pravAhapUrNa, lokoki samAviSTa evaM joradAra hue hai / vRddhAvasthA, sasArakI asAratA, kAla-sAmarthya, svArtha-paratA, digambara muniyokI tapasyA, AzA-tRSNAkI nagnatA Adi viSayokA nirUpaNa kavine bar3e hI adbhuta Dhagase kiyA hai| viSaya-pratipAdanakI gailI bar3I hI spaSTa hai| bhAvoko vizada karaneme kaviko apUrva saphalatA prApta huI hai| jisa vAtakA kavi nirUpaNa karanA cAhatA hai, use spaSTa aura nirbhaya hokara prastuta karatA hai| nIrasa aura gUDha viSayoMkA nirUpaNa mI sarasa aura prabhAvotpAdaka Dhagase kiyA gayA hai| kalpanA, bhAvanA aura vicArokA samanvaya santulita rUpame huA hai| AtmasaundaryakA darzana kara kavi kahatA hai ki sasArake bhogoMmeM lisa prANI aharniza vicAra karatA rahatA hai ki jisa prakAra bhI sabhava ho, usa prakAra maiM dhana ekatrita kara Ananda bhogeN| mAnava nAnAprakArake sunahale svapna dekhatA hai aura vicAratA hai ki dhana prApta ho jAnepara amuka kAryako pUrA kareMgA / eka sundara bhavya prAsAda vanavAU~gA, sundara rata, maNiyo aura motiyoke AbhUSaNa banavAU~gA, apanI mahattA aura gauravake pradarzanake lie dhana kharcakara bar3ese bar3A kArya kregaa| apane putra-pautrAdikA ThATa-bATake sAtha vivAha kruuNgaa| isa vivAhame sone caoNdIke vartanokA vitaraNa karU~gA, jagatme apanI kIrtigAthA sarvadA sthira rakhanekA upAya bhI karU~gA / nahA~ abakI bAra dhana hAthame AyA ki maiMne apane yazako amara karanekA upAya kiyaa| mAnava isa prakArakI ugheDha-buname sarvadA lagA rahatA hai, usakA manorAjya nirantara vRddhiMgata hotA calA jAtA hai aura eka dina mRtyu Akara usake vicArokI vIcame hI hatyA kara detI hai,

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196 hindI - jaina-sAhitya - parizIlana * pariNAma yaha nikalatA hai ki vaha zataranake khilAr3Ike samAna apanI bAjIko vahI chor3a calA jAtA hai / sAre manasUbe mana - ke mana me hI samA jAte hai| yaha vicAradhArA kisI eka vyaktikI nahI hai, pratyuta mAnavamAtrakI hai, hara vyaktikI yahI avasthA hotI hai / kavi isa satyakA udghATana karatA huA kahatA hai cAhata hai dhana hoya kisI vidha, to saba kAja sare niyarA jI / geha cinAya karU~ gahanA kachu, vyAhi sutA suta bA~Tiya bhA~jI // cintata yo dina jAhiM cale, jama mAni acAnaka deta dagAjI / khelata khela khilAri gaye, rahi jAi rupI zataraMjakI bAjI // isa saMsAra meM manuSya AtmajJAnase vimukha hokara zarIrakI hI sevA karatA hai / isa zarIrako svaccha karaneme aneka sAbunakI baTTiyA~ ragar3a DAlatA hai tathA sugandhita telakI zIziyoM khAlI kara DAlatA hai| phaizanake aneka padArthoM kA upayoga zArIrika saundarya-prasAdhaname karatA hai, pratidina ragar3a-ragaDakara zarIrako sApha karatA hai, itra aura senTokA AsvAdana karatA hai tathA pratyeka indriyakI tRpti ke lie aneka prakArake padArthoMkA saMcaya karatA hai / sparzana indriyakI tuSTike lie vezyAlayomeM jAtA hai, rasanA kI tRpti ke lie abhakSya bhakSaNa karatA hai, ghrANakI satuSTike lie itra phulelakI gandha letA hai, netrakI tRptike lie manohara rUpakA avalokana karatA hai eva karNa indriyakI tRptike lie manohara madhura zabdoMko sunane ke lie lAlAyita rahatA hai / isa prakArake mAnavakI dRSTi anAtmika hai, vaha zarIrako hI saba kucha samajha gayA hai / kavi bhUdharadAsane apane antasme usI satyakA anubhava kara jagatke mAnacoko sajaga karate hue kahA hai mAtA pitA-raja-bIraja sauM, upanI saba sAta kudhAta bharI hai| mAkhinake para mAphika bAhara, cAmake baiThana beda dharI hai //

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197 prakIrNaka kAvya 197 nAhi to bhAya lageM abahIM, baka bAyasa jIva bacai na dharI hai| deha dazA yaha dIkhata bhAta, dhinAta nahI kina buddhi harI hai| manuSya apaneko amara samajha jagatmeM nAnA prakArake pApa aura atyAcAra karatA hai / isa vinAzIka zarIrako amara banAneke lie vaha bar3I-bUTiyoMkA sevana karatA hai, nAnA devI-devatAoko prasannakara varadAna prApta karanA cAhatA hai, aura vizana-dvArA aisI opaSiyokA AviSkAra karatA hai, jinake sevanase amara ho jAya / isake lambe-cauDe progrAma isa zarIrako hI sajAne, saMvArane, aura vRddhiMgata karaneke lie banate haiM; anAlmika dRSTi rakhaneke kAraNa AtmakalyANase viparIta sabhI vastue~ ise acchI pratIta hotI hai| ataeva kavi vizvake samakSa mRtyukI anivAryatAkA nirUpaNa karatA huA yaha batalAnekA prayAsa karatA hai ki vyarthake pApa karanese koI lAma nahIM, mRtyu jIvanameM anivArya hai, ataH dInatA aura palAyanako choDa jIvanakai mArgame abAdhita rUpase bar3hate cale jAnA yaha mAnavatA hai / jIvana-moha karttavya-mArgase cyuta kara detA hai, isIse vyakti sAhasa, vIratA aura naitika kAryoMme gatizIla nahIM ho pAtA | kavine anAtmika bhAvanAoko hRdayase nikAlaneke lie jora dete hue kahA hai lohamaI koTa keI koThanako bhoTa karo, kaoNgarena topa ropi rAkhau paTa bherik| indra candra cauMkAyata caukata hai caukI dehu, caturaMga camU cahU~ bhora rahau gherik| tahA~ eka bhauhirA banAya bIca baiTho puni, bolau mati koU jo bulAvai nAma tterike| aise parapaMca paoNtiracau kyoM na bhA~ti bhAMti kaise hUna choTe jama dekhyo hama herik|

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198 198 hindI-jana-sAhinya-parizIlana yuvAvasthA manuSyakI bhAvanAe~ eka vizeSa tIna pravAsa vahatI haiN| isa avasyAma patanakA nataM aura mahanAkA sApAna donoM hI vidyamAna rahate hai, yadi tanika bhI zithilatA AI no garnameM giranA nizcita hai aura sanaga hone para mahattAke sopAna para vyakti bar3ha jAtA hai ! vo yuvAvatyA viSaya-vAsanAoMmeM anurana rahate haiM, ve eka prakAra anya mI hai| parantu vRddhAvasthA AjAne para bhI no AtmakalyAName vimukha hai, ve vastutaH nindAke pAtra haiN| kagnei vRddhAvatyAko bar3hI ainI aura sRTama dRSTise dekhA hai| itanA svAbhAvika aura kalApUrNa varNana anyatra kaTinAIse milegA dRSTi dharTI palaTI tanakI chavi, baMka bhaI gati laMka naI hai| rUsa rahI paranI gharanI ati, raMka mayoM parayaMka laI hai // kA~pata nAra hai mukha lAra, mahAmati saMgati chori gaI hai| aMga TapaMga purAne parai, tiganA ura aura navIna maI hai / ___ xxx loIdina kaTa soI AtrameM avazya ghaTe, bUMda bUMda bIta jaise aMjulIkA jala hai| deha nita chIna hota naina tajahIna hota, jobana malIna hAta chIna hota bala hai| Avai jarA narI taka aMtaka aharI mAtra, para bho nIka jAta nara-mI viphala hai| mila milApI jana pUrata kugala merI, aisI mAhI mitra ! kAhaM kI phugala hai / mAtra, bhASA, kalpanA aura vicAroMkI dRSsei yaha racanA zreSTha hai|

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prakIrNaka kAvya 199 isa sarasa nItipUrNa racanAme devAnurAgazataka, subhApitanIti, upadezAdhikAra aura virAga-bhAvanA ye cAra prakaraNa hai / prathama devAnurAga * zatakame kavi vudhajnane dAsya bhAvakI bhakti apane budhajana-satasaI mAya 03 ArAdhyake prati prakaTa kI hai / yadyapi vItarAgI prabhuke sAtha isa bhAvanAkA sAmaMjasya nahIM baiTatA hai, phira bhI bhaktike atirekake kAraNa kavine apaneko dAsake rUpame upasthita kiyA hai| AtmAlocana karanA aura jinezvarake mAhAtmyako vyakta karanA hI kavikA lakSya hai, ataH vaha kahatA hai mere avaguna jina ginau, maiM augunako dhAma / patita udhAraka Apa hau, pharau patitako kAma / subhASita khaNDame 200 dohe hai, ye sabhI dohe nItiviSayaka hai| loka maryAdAke saMrakSaNake lie kavine aneka hitopadenAkI bAta kahI hai| kabIra, tulasI, rahIma aura vRndase isa vibhAgake dohe samatA rakhate hai| eka-eka doheme jIvanako pragatizIla banAnevAle amUlya sadeza bhare hue hai / kavi kahatA hai eka carana hU~ nita pahai, to kATai ajJAna / panihArIkI leja soM, sahaja kaTai pApAna // mahArAja mahAvRkSakI, sukhadA zItala chAya / sevata phala bhAse na tau, chAyA to raha jAya / para upadeza karana nipuna, te tau lakhai aneka / karai samika bolai samika, te hajArameM eka // vipatAko dhana rAkhiye, dhana dIjai rakhi dAra / Atama hitako chA~ die, dhana, dArA parivAra // isa khaNDakai katipaya dohe to paJcatantra aura hitopadezaka nItizlokoMkA anuvAda pratIta hote haiN| tulasI, kavIra aura rahImake dohose bhI

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kavi anuprANita-sA pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi pArimApika jaina zabdoMke prayoga dvArA samyaktvakI mahimA, mithyAtvakI hAni evaM caritrakI mahattA pratipAdita kI hai, phira bhI sAmAnya sUktiyoMkA hitopadeza aura tulasIdAsake dohoMse bahuta sAmya hai / 200 upadezAdhikAra meM vidyA, mitra, juAniSedha, madya-mAsa-niSedha, vedhyAniSedha, zikAra-nindA, corI-nindA, parastrI-saga-niSedha Adi viSayopara aneka upadezAtmaka anubhRtipUrNa dohe likhe gaye hai / ina dohoMke manana, cintana, smaraNa aura paTanase AtmA nirmala hotI hai, hRdaya pUta bhAvanAoMse bhara jAtA hai aura jIvanameM mukha-zAntikI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| virAga bhAvanA khaNDa meM kavine saMsArakI asAratAkA bahuta hI sundara aura sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| isa khaNDake sabhI Dhohe rocaka aura manohara haiM / dRSTAntoM dvArA saMsArakI vAstavikatAkA citraNa karanemeM kaviko apUrva saphalatA milI hai| vastukA citra netroMke sAmane mRtimAna hokara upasthita ho jAtA hai / ko haiM suta ko hai tiyA, kAko dhana parivAra / Ake mile sarAyameM, bidhureMge niradhAraM // parI raheMgI saMpadA, dharI raheMgI kAya / safe kari kyoM na cacai, kAla apaTa le jAya // AyA kho nAhI rahyA, dazaratha lakSmana rAma / tU kaise raha jAyagA, jhUTha pApakA dhAma // kavikI cubhatI huI uktiyoM hRdayamaM praviSTa ho jAtI haiM tathA jIvanake Antarika saundaryakI anubhUti hone lagatI hai| isa satasaIkI bhASA TeTa hindI hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM jayapurI bhASAkA puTa bhI vidyamAna hai /

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prakIrNaka kAvya 20 // yaha choTI-sI sarasa racanA kavi vinodIlAlakI hai| kavine isame neminAthakI barAtakA citraNa kiyA hai tathA pazu-pakSiyoko pijaDeme banda nemivyAha .. dekhakara unakI hiMsAse bhayabhIta ho yuvaka neminAtha " vairAgya grahaNa kara lete hai / isakI kathAvastukA nirdeza pUrvame nemicandrikAke parizIlaname kiyA jA cukA hai| isakI eka pramukha vizepatA yaha hai ki neminAthake maname duHkhI rASTrake duHkhako dUra karanekI pravala AkAkSA utpanna ho jAtI hai / yadyapi unake manameM kucha kSaNotaka sAsArika pralobhanose yuddha hotA hai, parantu jaba taTastha hokara rASTrakI paristhitikA cintana karate hai, usa samaya unakA moha samApta ho jAtA hai| bhautika sukhoko choDakara mAnava kalyANake lie neminAthakA isa prakAra tapasyAke lie calA jAnA, jIvanase palAyana yA dainya nahIM hai| yaha saccA puruSArtha hai / isa puruSArthako hara vyakti nahI kara sakatA, isake lie mahAn Atmika balakI AvazyakatA hai| jisakI AtmAmeM apUrva bala hogA, antastalame mAnava-kalyANakI bhAvanA sulagatI hogI, vahI vyakti isa prakArake advitIya kAryoMko sampanna kara skegaa| kavine racanAke ArambhameM varakI veza-bhUSAkA varNana karate hue batalAyA hai| maura dharo sira dUlahake kara kaMkaNa bA~dha daI kasa ddorii| kuMDala kAnanameM jhalake ati mAlameM lAla virAjata rorii| motinakI laDa zobhita hai chavi dekhi lajeM banitA saba gorii| lAla vinodIke sAhibake mukha dekhanako duniyA~ uTha daurii| virakta hote hue neminAthakA citraNa nema udAsa bhaye jabase kara joDake siddhakA nAma liyo hai| ambara bhUpaNa DAra diye zira maura utArake DAra diyo hai // rUpa dharoM munikA javahIM tavahIM caDhike girinAri gayo hai| lAla vinodIke sAhibane vahA~ pA~ca mahAvata yoga layo hai //

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hindI - jaina sAhitya-paritrIlana kavine isa racanAmai yuvakoke Adarza ke sAtha yuvatiyoMke AdarzakA bhI sundara akana kiyA hai| jabataka dezakA nArI samAja jAgrata na hogA aura "vivAha hI jIvanakA uddezya hai" isa siddhAntakA tyAga na karegA tabataka rASTrakA kalyANa nahI ho sakatA / rAjulane aisA hI Adarza prastuta kiyA hai / bhoga jIvanakA jaghanya lakSya hai, vyakti jaba bhogavAdase Upara uTha jAtA hai, tabhI vaha sevA kAryame pravRtta ho jAtA hai| jaba mAtApitA rAjulako punaH varAnvepaNakI bAta kahakara santuSTa karate haiM, taba kyA hI sundara uttara detI hai 202 kAhe na bAta samhAla kahA~ tuma jAnata ho yaha bAta bhalI hai gAliyA~ kAdata ho hamako suno tAta bhalI tuma jIbha calI hai // maiM sabako tuma tulya ginau tuma jAnata nA yaha bAta rahI hai / yA bhavameM pati nemaprabhU vaha lAla vinodIko nAtha balI hai // jaina kaviyone vArahamAsoMkI racanA kara vIratA aura rASTrIyatAkI bhAvanAoMkA sundara aMkana kiyA hai / yadyapi vArahamAsoMmeM savAda rUpame sevA aura vairAgyakI bhAvanA hI anta me dikhalAI gaI hai, parantu saMvAdoke madhyame vibhinna mAnavIya bhAvanAoMkA akana bhI sundara huA hai / prastuta vArahamAsA kavi vinodIlAla- dvArA viracita hai| isame rAjula apane saMkalpita pati neminAthase anurodha karatI hai ki "svAmin! Apa isa yuvAvasthAme kyoM virakta hokara tapasyA karane jAte hai ? yadi Apako tapasyA karanA hI abhISTa thA aura Apa dezame ahiMsA saskRtikA pracAra karanA cAhate the to Apane ApAr3ha mahIneme yaha vrata kyo nahIM liyA ? jaba Apa zrAvaNameM vivAhakI taiyArI kara A gaye, taba kyoM Apa isa prakAra mujhe ThukarAkara jA rahe hai| maiM mAnatI hU~ ki rASTrotthAname bhAga lenA pratyeka vyaktikA kartavya bArahamAsA nemirAjula hai / svarNima atIta pratyeka sahRdayako prabhAvita karatA hai / rASTrakI sampatti 1

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* prakIrNaka kAvya 203 yuvaka aura yuvatiyA~ hai, inhIke Upara rASTrakA samasta bhAra hai, ataH ApakA mahattvapUrNa tyAga vaiyaktika sAdhanA na banakara rASTrahita-sAdhaka hogA; phira bhI mai Apake komala zarIra aura lalita kAmanAokA anubhava kara kahatI hU~ ki yaha vrata Apake lie ucita nahIM hai / zrAvaNa mAsameM vrata lenese dhanaghora bAdazaiMkA garjana, vidyutkI cakAcaudha, koyalakI kuhuka, timirayuktA yAminI, pUrvI havAke madhura aura zItala oMke Apako vAsanAsakta kiye vinA na raheMge / isa mahIneme dIkSA lenA khatarese khAlI nahIM hai, ataeva tapa sAdhana karanA ThIka nahIM hai|" rAjulakI ukta vAtokA uttara neminAthane bar3e hI ojasvI vacanoMme diyA hai / vaha kahate haiM ki "jaba taka vyakti apanA godhana nahIM karatA, rASTrakA hita nahIM kara sakatA hai| Atmagodhanake lie samayavizepakI AvazyakatA hotI hai / bhaya aura trAsa unhI vyaktiyoko vicalita kara sakate haiM, jinake maname kisI bhI prakArakA pralobhana zeSa rahatA hai / prakRtike manohara rUpame jahA~ ramaNIya bhAvanAoko jAgrata karanekI kSamatA hai| vahA~ usame vIratA, dhIratA aura kartavyaparAyaNatAkI bhI bhAvanA utpanna karanekI yogyatA vidyamAna hai / ataH zrAvaNa mAsakI jhaDI vAsanAke sthAnapara virakti hI utpanna kara skegii|" neminAthake isa uttarako sunakara rAjula bhAdrapada mAsakI kaThinAiyokA varNana karatI hai| vaha mohavaza unase prArthanA karatI huI kahatI hai ki "he prANanAtha | Apa jaise sukumAra vyakti bhAdrapada mAsakI anavarata honevAlI varSA Rtume mukta prakRtime, jahA~ na bhavya prAsAda hogA aura na vanavezma hogA, Apa kisa prakAra raha sakege ? jhajhAvAta nanhIM nanhI pAnIkI bUMdose yukta hokara garIrameM apUrva vedanA utpanna karegA / yadi Apa yogadhAraNa karanA cAhate haiM to ghara hI calakara yogadhAraNa kiijiye| sevakako vana jAnA Avazyaka nahIM, vaha gharame rahakara bhI sevA-kArya kara sakatA hai| prANanAtha! maiM yaha mAnatI hU~ ki isa samaya dezame hiMsAkA bolabAlA hai,

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204 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parivIlana ise dUra karaneke lie pahale apaneko pUrNa ahiMsaka banAnA par3egA, tam dezakA kalyANa ho sakegA / parantu ApakA moha mujhe isa bAtakI preraNa. de rahA hai ki maiM isa kaThinAIse ApakI rakSA kreN|" ___rAjulakI ina bAtoMko munakara neminAtha ha~sa par3ate haiM aura kahane hai ki phaSTasahiSNu bananA pratyeka vyaktiko Avazyaka hai / ye thoDese kaSTa kina ginataHma hai, jaba naraka, nigoTake bhayaMkara kaSTa saha hai tathA isa samaya jA. hamArA rASTra santana hai, pratyeka prANI hiMsAse chaTapaTA rahA hai, usa samaya tumhArI ye mohabharI bAta kucha mI mahanca nahI rakhatI / maine acchI taraha nizcaya karane ke uparAnta hI isa mArgakA avalambana liyA hai| isI prakAra rAnulane bAraha mahInoMkI bhISaNatAkA citrAkana kiyA hai. neminAtha ina vimIpikAmA bhayamIta nahIM hote haiM aura vaha apane vratama dRr3ha rahate haiM / isa gramaMga sabhI padya murala aura madhura hai / kAttika mAsana citraNa karatI huI rAjula kahatI hai piya krAnika meM mana kama raha jaba bhAmini mAna snaayeNgii| raci citra-vicitra suraMga sabai, ghara hI ghara maMgala-gAvegI / piya nUtana-nAri siMgAra kiye, apano piya Tera bulaavgii| piya vArahibAra barai diyarA, niyarA trsaavNgii| neminAthakA pratyuttarato jiyarA tarasa suna rAjula, nA tanako apano kara nAna / pudgala bhinna hai bhinna marva, vana chA~di manoratha Ana sayAna / bUDhego mAI kalidhAra meM, naI cetanA ko eka pramAna / haMsa pivai paya mina kara jala, so paramAtama Atana jAne / vasanta RtukaM AgamanakI vimApikA dinnulAtI huI rAjula kahatI haipiya lAgago caita varmata suhAvanA, phUlaiMgI bela sabai bnmaahiiN| phUleMgI kAminI jAko piyA ghara, phUlagI phUla sabai banarAI /

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prakIrNaka kAvya 205 jahadAlA khelahiMge branake bana maiM sava, vAla gupAla ra kuvara knhaaii| nemi piyA uTha Avo gharai tuma, kAheko karaho loga haMsAI // yaha paM0 daulatarAmakI eka sarasa AdhyAtmika kRti hai / kavine jainatatvokai nicor3ako isa racanAmeM sakalita kiyA hai| saMskRtake aneka granyo o ko par3hakara jo bhAva kavike hRdayameM uThe, unhe jaiseke chahalAlA taise rUpame chahaDhAlAme rakha diyA hai / isa racanAkI bhApA gaeNThI huI aura parimArjita hai| kavine jIvaname cirantana satyako aura satyakI kriyAko jaisA dekhA, jana-kalyANake lie vahI likhA / mAnavatAkA caramavikAsa hI kavikA antima lakSya hai| ataH vaha samasta vandhanoMse mAnavako muktakara zAnvatika Ananda-prAtike lie agrasara karatA hai / kavikI cintanazIlatA candramAkI cA~danIke samAna camakatI hai / prathama dAlame cAro gatiyoMkA duHkha, dvitIyame mithyAvuddhike kAraNa prApta honevAle kaSTa, tRtIyame sAta tattvake sAmAnya vivecanake pazcAt samyaktvakA vivecana, caturthame samyagjJAnakI vizeSatA, paJcamame vizvake rahatyAko avagata karaneke lie vibhinna prakArake cintana eva paSThama AcArakA vidhAna hai / prathama DhAlme kavine nAraka, pazu, manuSya aura devoMke bhavapramoMkA kathana karate hue batAyA hai ki anAdikAlase yaha prANI mohamadirAko pIkara apane AtmasvarUpako bhUla sasAra-paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| kavine kitanI gaharAIke sAtha isa bhava-paryaTanakA anubhava kiyA haimoha mahAmada piyau anAdi, bhUla Apako bharamata vAdi / x kAla ananta nigoda maMjhAra, botyau ekendrI vana dhAra // eka svAsamai aThadasa bAra, janmau masyau masyau duHkhamAra / nikasi bhUmijala pAvaka bhayau, pavana pratyeka vanaspati thyo| durlabha lahi jyauM ciMtAmaNI, tyau paryAya lahI sataNI / X

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206 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana tIsarI DhAlame jIva, ajIva, Asava, bandha, savara, nirjarA aura monakA tAttvika vivecana hai| kalyANakA mArga batalAtA huA kavi kahatA hai yo anIva ava Asrava suniye, mana-vaca-kAma triyogaa| mithyA avirata aru kapAya, paramAda sahita upayogA // ye hI bhAtamako duHkha kAraNa, tAtai inako taniye / jIva pradeza baMdhe vidhi sauM, so baMdhana kabahu na sajiye / zama dama se jo karma na Avai, so saMvara bhAdariye / tapavala nai vidhi-jharana nirjarA, tAhi sadA Adhariye // AdhyAtmika kRti hone ke kAraNa pAribhASika jaina zabdoMkI bahulatA hai| phira bhI mAnava jIvanako unnata banAnevAle sadezakI kamI nahIM hai| kavi kahatA hai ki apane guNa aura parake doSoMko chipAnese mAnavakA vikAsa hotA hai / parachidrAnvepaNakI pravRtti samAja aura vyaktika vikAsame nitAnta vAdhaka hai| ataeva kisI vyaktike dopoMko dekhakara bhI use punaH sanmArgame lagA denA mAnavatA hai| jo vyakti isa mAnavadharmakA anusaraNa karatA hai, vaha mahAn hai nijaguNa aru para auguNa DhA~kai, cAnija dharma vddhaavai| kAmAdika kara vRpata trigata, nija parako sudRr3hAvai / / cauthI DhAlma vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvanake vikAsakI aneka bhAvanAe~ akita hai| kavi AtmavikAsakA sAdhana batalAtA huA kahatA hai-rAgadvepa karatAra kathA kavahU~ na sunIjai Age punaH kahatA hai-'dhara ura samatAbhAva, sadA sAmAyika kariye ina padyome jIvanako unnata banAnevAle siddhAntokA kathana hai|

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prakIrNaka kAnya pA~cavI dAlame saMsArakI vAstavikatAkA nirUpaNa karatA huA kavi kahatA hai "jovana gRha godhana nArI, haya gaya jana aajnyaakaarii| indriya-bhoga china thAI, suradhanu capalA capalAI // " chaThavI DhAlameM jIvanake Adarzoko nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai 'yaha rAga mAga dahai sadA, tAtai samAmRta seiye| isa prakAra isa choTI-sI kRtime jIvanako yathArthatAkA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| chahaDhAlAkI eka bahuta bar3I vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki isame samUce jaina darzanako, pAribhASika zabdAvalike AdhArapara sarasa aura sarala rUpame gumphita kara diyA gayA hai|

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chaThavA~ adhyAya AtmakathA-kAvya AtmakathA likhanA anya kAvyokI apekSA kaThina hai| lekhaka nirbhIka hokara sAmAnya jagatke gharAtalase Upara uThakara hI AtmakathA kAvya likha sakatA hai / satyakA prayoga karanemeM jo jitanA sakSama hai, vaha utanA hI zreSTha AtmakathA-kAvya likhanekI kSamatA rakhatA hai| jainakavi banArasIdAsakA sarvaprathama AtmakathA-kAvya hindI sAhityameM upalabdha hai| Ajase lagabhaga cAra sau varSa pUrva kavine padyAtmaka yaha Atmacarita likhA hai| isameM apane samayakI aneka aitihAsika bAtoke sAtha musalamAnI rAjyakI andhAdhundhIkA jItA-jAgatA citra bhI khIcA hai| kavine satyapriyatA, spaSTavAditA, nirabhimAnatA aura svAbhAvikatAkA aisA akana kiyA hai jisase yaha AtmakathA Adhunika AtmakathAose kisI bhI bAtame kama nahIM hai / kavine apane doSa aura truTiyoMko bhI satya aura ImAnadArIke sAtha jyokA-tyo rakha diyA hai| apane cAritrika doSopara pardA DAlnekA prayAsa nahIM kiyA hai, balki eka vaijJAnikake samAna taTastha hokara yathArthatAkA vizlepaNa kiyA gayA hai| ___ yaha AtmakathA-kAvya 'madhyadezakI bolI meM likhA gayA hai| bhASAmeM kisI bhI prakArakA ADambara nahIM hai| jo bhASA sugamatApUrvaka sarvasAdhAraNakI samajhameM A sake, usIme yaha Atmacarita likhA gayA hai| AtmakathAke Adime svaya kavine likhA hai jainadharma zrImAla survasa / banArasI nAma narahaMsa // tina manamAhi vicArI vAta / kahI ApanI kathA vikhyAta / /

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AtmakathA-kAnya 302 jaisI sunI pilokI naina / taisI kachu kahauM mukha baina / kahIM atIta-dopa-guNavAda / baratamAnatAI marajAda // bhASI dasA hoigI jathA / gyAnI jAne tisakI kathA // tAtai bhaI bAta mana Ani / thUlarUpa kachu kahI bakhAni // madhya desakI bolI boli / garbhita bAta kahI hi kholi // bhAkhau pUrava-dasA-caritra / sunai kAna dhari mere mitra // samUcI AtmakathA itanI rocaka hai aura aitihAsika nibandhanakI dRSTise itanI mahattvapUrNa hai ki isakA kucha vistArase varNana karanekA loma savaraNa nahI kiyA jA sakatA | kavi banArasIdAsa eka dhanI-mAnI sambhrAnta vazame utpanna hue the| inake prapitAmaha jinadAsakA sAkA calatA thA, pitAmaha mUldAsa hindI aura phArasIke paDita the; aura ye naravara (mAlavA) me vahA~ke musalmAna navAvake modI hokara gaye the| inake mAtAmaha madanasiMha cinAliyA jaunapurake nAmI jauharI the aura pitA khaDgasena kucha dinotaka bagAlake sultAna modIkhaoNke potadAra the aura kucha dinoke uparAnta jaunapurame javAharAtakA vyApAra karane lage the| isa prakAra kavikA vaza sampanna thA tathA anya sambandhI bhI dhanika the| para AtmakathA-lekhakako sukha-zAnti jIvaname nahI milI | ataH dhanArjanake lie jIvana bhara inheM dauDa-dhUpa karanI par3I aura taraha-tarahake kaSTa sahane paDe / isa dauDadhUpa aura kaSToMkA nirUpaNa kavine atyanta vizuddha hRdaya se kiyA hai| kavine yadyapi sAmAnyazikSA prApta kI thI, para kavitA karanekI pratibhA janmanAta thii| 14 varSakI avasthAme pa0 devadattake pAsa paDhanA Arambha kiyA thA aura dhanaJjayanAmamAlAdi kaI granthoko par3hA thA par3hI nAmamAlA zata doya / aura anekAratha avaloya / jyotiSa alaMkAra laghu koka / khaMDasphuTa zata cAra zloka //

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210 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kavike Upara mAtA-pitA aura dAdIkA atizaya sneha thA / ataH yauvanArambhameM yaha izkabAja ho gaye / kavi likhatA hai tani kulakAna lokakI lAja / bhayo banArasi AsikhavAja // karai AsikhI dharita na dhIra / daradavanda jyoM zekha phakIra / ikaTaka dekha dhyAnasI dhrai| pitA Apuneko dhana harai // kavikA kArya isa avasthAme paDhanA aura izkabAjI karanA thaa| inhone caudaha varSakI Ayume eka sundara 'navarasa' nAmaka racanA bhI eka sahala pramANa dohe-caupAIme likhI thI / bodha jAgrata honepara kavine isa granthako gomatImeM pravAhita kara diyaa| kavaha Ai zabda ura dharai / kavaha jAi AsikhI krai| pothI eka banAI naI / mita hajAra dohA caupaI // tAmeM navarasa racanA likhii| hai vizeSa paranana maasikhii|| aise kavi banArasi bhye| mithyAgrantha banAye naye // kaipar3hanA ke AsikhI, bhagana duI rasa mAhi / khAnapAnakI sudhi nahIM, rojagAra kachu nAhiM // 15 varSa 10 mahInekI avasthAme kavi sajadhajakara apanI sasurAla khairAbAdase dvirAgamana karAne gyaa| sasurAlame eka mAha rahaneke uparAnta kaviko pUrvopArjita azubhodayake kAraNa kuSTha roga ho gayA, vivAhitA bhAyAM aura sAsuke atirikta savane sAtha chor3a diyaa| kavine isa avasthAkA nirUpaNa karate hue batAyA hai ki khairAbAdake eka nAIne, jo kuSTha rogakA vaidya thA, do mahIne anavarata zrama aura cikitsAkara unhe acchA kiyA / bhayo banArasidAsa tana, kuSTharUpa srvNg| , hAr3a hAda upajI vyathA, keza roma dhruvabhaMga //

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AtmakathA kAvya cisphoTaka aganita bhaye, hasta caraNa cauraMga / koka nara sAle sasura, bhojana karahiM na saMga // aisI azubha dazA bhaI, nikaTa na Avai koi / sAsU aura vivAhitA, karahiM seva tiya doha // 211 svastha hokara kavi patnIko binA hI livAye ghara AyA aura pUrvavat par3hanA-likhanA tathA ikavAjI karanA Arambha kara diyaa| cAra mahIne ke ke pazcAt kavi punaH bhAryAko divAne gayA aura vidA karAkara ghara rahane lagA | ataH gurujana upadeza dene lage--- gurujana loga dehiM upadeza / AsikhavAja sune daraveza || bahuta paDhe vAmana aura bhATa / vanika putra to baiThe hATa // bahuta par3heM kho mA~ge bhIkha / mAnahu pUta bar3okI sIkha // savat 1660 meM kavine adhyayana samApta kiyA tathA kavikI bahana kA vivAha bhI isI savatme huA aura kaviko eka putrIkI prApti bhI isI saMvatmeM huI / savat, 1661 me eka dhUrta saMnyAsI AyA aura usane vaDhe AdamIkA putra samajhakara inako apane jAlame phaeNsA liyA / saMnyAsIne kahA - "mere pAsa aisA mantra hai ki yadi koI eka varSa taka niyamapUrvaka nape tathA isa bhedako kisIse na kahe to eka varSa bItanepara mantra siddha ho jAtA hai, jisase gharake dvArapara eka svarNamudrA pratidina par3I milA karegI / " ikavAjIke lie dhanakI AvazyakatA rahaneke kAraNa lobhavaza kavine mantrakI sAdhanA Arambha kI / mantra japate-japate bar3I kaThinAIse samaya bitAyA aura prAtaHkAla hI snAna-dhyAna karake bar3I utkaMThAse kavi gharake daravAje para AyA aura svarNamudrAkA anveSaNa karane lagA, para vahA~ sonekI to bAta hI kyA, miTTIkI bhI mudrA na milI / AzAvaza kavine yaha samajhakara ki kahI dina ginaneme to galtI na ho gaI hai ataH usane kucha dinoM taka punaH mantrakA japa kiyA para kucha milA-julA nahI /

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana kucha dinoMke uparAnta eka yogIne Akara apanA dUsarA raMga jmaayaa| bhole kaviko isa ragama raeNgate vilamba na huA aura yogI dvArA pradatta kharUpa sadAzivakI mUrtikI chupakara pUjA karane lagA / yogI to apanI bheMTa lekara calA gayA, para kavi zakha bajA-bajAkara sadAziva ke arcaname anurakta rahane lagA / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki yaha pUjA vaha apane parivArase chipakara karatA thA, usakI isa pravRtti ke sambandhame kisIko kucha bhI patA nahIM thA / saMvat 1661 me jaba inake pitA khaDgasena hIrAnandajI dvArA calAye gaye zikharajI yAtrA saghame yAtrArthaM cale gaye to inhoMne kucha dinotaka cainakI vazI bajAneke pazcAt bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI yAtrA karanekI AjJA apanI maoNse maaNgii| AjJA na milnepara kavi cupacApa vanArasa ke bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI pUjA karaneke lie cala diyA / vahA~ pahu~cakara gaMgAsnAnapUrvaka dasa dino taka bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI pUjA karatA rahA ; kintu isa samaya bhI sadAzivakI pUjA jyoMkI tyo hotI rahI / kavine AtmakathAmaM sadAziva pUjanako utprekSA aura AkSepA kAramai nimna prakAra kahA hai 212 zaMkharUpa ziva deva, mahAzaMkha banArasI / doU mile abeva sAhiba sevaka ekase // savat 1662 meM kArttika mAsameM akabarakI mRtyu ho jAnepara nagara meM kisa prakArakI vyAkulatA chA gaI, kavine AtmakathAme sajIva citraNa kiyA hai C ghara ghara dara dara diye kapATa, haTavAnI nahiM baiThe hATa / vAI gAdI kahu~ aura nakadamAla nirabharamI Thaura // bhale vastra aru bhUpana bhale, te sava gAr3he dharatI tale / vara ghara sabani bisAhe zastra, logana pahire moTe vakha // gAdo kaMbala athavA khesa, nArina pahire moTe besa / U~ca nIca koTha na pahicAna, dhanI daridrI bhaye samAna //

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213 sadAzivakA bahuta dina taka pUjana karaneke uparAnta eka dina kavi ekAntame baiThA-baiThA socane lagA jaba maiM girayo parayo surakSAya / taba ziva kachu nahiM karI sahAya // isa vikaTa zakAkA samAdhAna usake maname na ho sakA aura usane sadAzivakI pUjA karanA chor3a diyaa| kucha dinoMke pazcAt eka dina kavi sandhyA samaya gomatIkI ora paryaTana karane gayA aura prAkRtika ramaNIya dRzyane kavike antastalako AloDita kiyA, phalataH kaviko virakti huI aura usane apanI zrRMgAra rasakI racanA navarasako usame pravAhita kara diyA tathA svaya pApakarmoMko chor3a samyaktvakI ora AkRSTa huA--- AtmakathA-kAvya tisa dina soM bAnArasI, karI dharma kI cAha / tajI AsikhI phAsikhI, pakarI kula kI rAha // X x x udaya hota zubha karma ke, bhaI azubhakI hAni / tArte turata banArasI, gahI dharma kI bAni // saMvat 1667 meM eka dina pitAne putrase kahA - " vatsa ! aba tuma sayAne ho gaye, ataH gharakA saba kAma-kAja sabhAlo aura hamako dharma- dhyAna karane do / " pitAke icchAnusAra kavi gharakA kAmakAja karane lagA / kucha dina uparAnta do horekI aMgUThI, caubIsa mANika, cautIsa maNi, nau nIlama, vIsa pannA, cAra gaoNTha phuTakara cunnI isa prakAra javAharAta bIsa mana ghI, do kuppe tela, do sau rupayekA kapar3A aura kucha nakada rupaye lekara AgarAko vyApAra karane calA / pratidina pA~ca kosake hisAba se calakara gAr3iyA~ iTAvAke nikaTa AI, vahA~ majila pUrI ho jAne se eka bIhar3a sthAnapara DerA DAlA | thoDe samaya vizrAma kara pAye the ki mUsalAdhAra pAnI barasane lgaa| tUphAna aura pAnI itanI

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214 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana tejIse vaha rahe the, jisase khule maidAnameM rahanA, atyanta kaThina thaa| gAr3iyA~ jahaoNkI tahA~ chor3a sArthI idhara-udhara bhAgane lage | zaharame bhI kahIM zaraNa nahIM milii| sarAyame eka umarAva Thahare hue the, ataH sthAna rikta na honese vahA~se bhI ulTe paoNva lauTanA pdd'aa| kavine isa paristhitikA yathArtha citraNa karate hue likhA hai phirata phirata phAvA bhaye, baiThana kahe na koya / tale kIcasoM paga bhareM, Upara barasata toya // aMdhakAra rajanI vi, himaritu agahanamAsa / nAri eka paiThana kaho, purupa uThA lai bA~sa // kisI prakAra caukIdAroMkI jhopar3ImeM zaraNa milI aura kaSTapUrvaka vahIM rAta bitAI / prAtaHkAla gAr3iyA~ lekara Agareko cale, AgarA pahu~cakara motI kaTaremeM eka makAna lekara usame sArA sAmAna rakhakara rahane lage / vyApArase anabhijJa honeke kAraNa kaviko ghI, tela aura kapar3emeM ghATA hI rahA / isa vikrIke rupayoMko huNDI-dvArA jaunapura bheja diyaa| javAharAta bhI jisa kisIke hAtha vecate rahe, jisase pUrA mUlya nahIM milA | inahArabandake nAreme kucha chUTA javAharAta vaoNdha liyA thA, vaha na mAlUma kahA~ khisakakara gira gayA / mAla bahuta thA, isase hAni atyadhika huI, para kisIse kucha kahA nahIM, ApattiyA~ akele nahIM AtI, isa kahAvatake anusAra Dereme rakhe kapar3eme baMdhe hue javAhirAtoko cUhe kapar3e sameta na mAlUma kahaoN le gaye / do jar3AU pahu~cI kisI seThako becI thI, dUsare dina usakA divAlA nikala gayA / eka jar3AU mudrikA thI, vaha sar3akapara goTha lagAte hue nIce gira pdd'ii| isa prakAra dhana naSTa ho jAnese vanArasIdAsake hRdayako bahuta bar3A dhakkA lagA, jisase sandhyA samaya jorase jvara caDha AyA aura dasa laghanoMke pazcAt pathya diyA gyaa| isI bIca pitAke kaI patra Aye, para inhoMne lajAvaza uttara nahI diyaa| satya chipAye

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bhAsmakathA-kAvya 215 chipatA nahIM, ataH inake baDe bahanoI uttamacanda jauharIne sArI ghaTanAe~ jaunapura inake pitAke pAsa likha bhejI / khadgasena isa samAcArako pAkara kiMkartavya vimUDha ho gaye aura patnIko burA-bhalA kahane lge| jaba banArasIdAsake pAsa kucha na bacA to gRhasthIkI cIjoko vecabecakara khAne lage / samaya kATaneke lie mRgAvatI aura madhumAlatI nAmaka pustakAko baiThe par3hA karate the / do-cAra rasika zrotA bhI Akara sunate the| eka kacauDIvAlya bhI ina zrotAoMme thA, jisake yahA~se kaI mahIno taka dono bhAma udhAra lekara kacaur3iyoM khAte rahe / phira eka dina ekAntameM inhoMne usase kahA tuma udhAra kInI bahuta, aba Age jani behu / mere pAsa kachu nahIM, dAma kahA~sauM lehu // kacauDIvAlA sajana thA, usane uttara diyA katai kacauDhIvAlA nara, bIsa savaiyA khAhu / tumasauM kou na kachu kahai, jaha~ bhAvai taha jaahu|| kavi nizcinta hokara cha-sAta mahIne taka dono mAma bharapeTa kacauDiyA khAtA rahA, aura jaba pAsameM paise hue to caudaha rupaye dekara hisAva sApha kara diyaa| kucha samayake pazcAt kavi apanI sasurAla khairAbAda phuNcaa| ekAntame bhAryAse samAgama huA pativratA catura mAyAMne patikI Antarika vedanAko jAta kara apane arjita vIsa rupayokoM bheTa kiyA aura hAtha jor3akara kahA-"nAtha ! cintA na kare, Apa jIvita rahege to bahuta dhana ho jaaygaa|" isake pazcAt ekAntameM usane apanI mAtAse kahAmAtA kAhU sau nini khii| nija putrIkI sajA bhau| thore dina meM lehu sudhi, to tuma mA maiM dhIya / nAhIM tau dina kaikumai, nikasi jAigau pIya // .

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216 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana aisA puruSa lajAla bar3A / vAva na kahai jAta hai gar3A / kahai mAi jina hohi udAsa / kaise mudrA mere pAsa // gupata dehu tere kara mAhiM / jo vai yahuri Agare jAhi // putrI kahai dhanya tU mAi / maiM unakauM nisi vUjhauM nAi / rAtako java punaH dampati mile to usa satI-sAdhvIne apanI maoNse prApta 200 rupaye bhI unheM de diye aura Agare jAkara vyApAra karanekA anurodha kiyA / kavine dUsare dinase hI vyApArakI taiyArI kara dI tathA mAla kharIdane lgaa| isI bIca avakAza paryApta milA, ataH kavine nAmamAlA aura ajitanAtha stutikI racanA yahI kii| durbhAgyane kavikA sAtha sadA diyA, ataH isa vyApArama bhI kaviko ghATA hI rahA / isake pazcAt kavi apane mitra narottamadAsake yahA~ rahane lgaa| kucha dinake pazcAt narottama, usake zvasura aura banArasIdAsa tInoM paTanekI ora cale / rAtame rAstA bhUla jAnese eka coroMke grAmameM phuNce| jaba coroMke caudharIne inheM dekhA to nAma-grAma pUchA / isa avasarapara banArasIdAsakI buddhi kAma kara gaI aura eka zlokame caudharIko AzIvAda diyA / lokayukta AzIrvAda sunakara caudharI kucha mugdha huA aura inheM brAhmaNa samaya daNDavat kiyA tathA hAtha jor3akara bolA-"mahArAja, Apa loga rAstA bhUlakara yahA~ A gaye hai| rAtabhara yahI raheM, sabere Apako rAstA batalA diyA jAyagA / java caudharI inako vahA~ chor3a zayana karane calA gayA to tInoMne sUta baTakara yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyA tathA miTTI ghisakara tripuNDa lagAyA mATI lInhIM bhUmisoM, pAnI lInhoM vAla / vipra vepa tInoM dhayoM, rIkA kInhoM bhAla // isa prakAra kavine vanArasa, jaunapura, AgarA Adi sthAnoMme ra

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bhAsmakathA-kAvya vyApAra kiyA / do cAra jagaha lAma bhI huA, para jIvaname dhanopArjana kamI nahIM kara skaa| ekavAra AgarA lauTate samaya kurI nAmaka grAmame kavi aura kavike sAthiyopara jhUThe sikke calAnekA bhayakara aparAdha lamAyA gayA thA tathA inako aura inake sAthI anya aThAraha yAtriyoke lie mRtyudaNDa deneko zUlI bhI taiyyAra kara lI gayI thii| AtmakathAme isa sakarakA vivaraNa romAcakAraka hai sirImAla vAnArasI, aru mahesarI jAti / karahiM mantra do jane, bhaI chamAsI rAti // pahara rAti jaba pichalI rhii| taba mahesarI aisI khii| merA lihurA bhAI harI / nAu~ suvau byAhA hai varI // hama Ae the yahA~ gharAta / bhalI yAda AI yaha vAta // vAnArasI kahai re mUDha / aisI vata karI kyoM gUr3ha // taba mahesurI yauM kahai, bhayasoM bhUlI mohi / ava mokauM sumirana bhaI, da nircita mana hohi / / vaba vanArasI harapita bhayo / kachuka soca rahau kachu gyo| kabahU~ cita kI cintA bhagai / kabahU~ bAta saThasI lgai|| yo cintavata bhayo parabhAta / Ai piyAde lAge ghAta / sUlI hai majUrake siis| kotavAla bhejI unaIsa // te sarAi maiM DArI mAni / pragaTa payAdA kahai bakhAni / tuma unIsa pAnI Thaga loga / e unIsa sUlI tuma bhoga / / gharI eka bIte bahuri, kotavAla dIvAna / Ae purajana sAtha saba, lAge karana nidAna // kavi gAIsthika durghaTanAoMkA nirantara zikAra rhaa| ekake bAda eka inakI do paniyoMkI evaM unake nau baccoM kI mRtyu ho jAnepara kavine

Page #210
218 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana azumodayako hI apanI kSatikA kAraNa samajhA | saMvat 1698 meM apanI tIsarI patnIke sAtha baiThe hue kavi kahatA hai nau vAlaka hue mue, rahe nArinara doi / jyA taravara patamAra hai, rahaiM mUMThase hoi / dUsarI strIko mRtyukai uparAnta kavine tIsarI zAdI kI tathA isI bIca kavine aneka racanAe~ likhIM cale varAta vanArasI, gaye cADasU gAya / vacchA sutakI vyAha kari, phira Aye nijadhAma // aru isa vIci kavIsurI, kInI bahuri aneka / nAma 'sUktimukAvalI', kie kavita sau eka // 'adhyAtama vattIsikA' 'papaDI 'phAga dhamAla / kAMnI 'sindhucaturdazI' phUTaka kavita rasAla / 'zivapaJcIsI bhAvanA' 'sahasa aThottara naam| 'karama ucIsI' 'jhalanA' antara rAvana rAma // varanI oNkheM doi vidhi, karI 'vacanikA' doi| 'bhaSTaka' 'gIta' bahuta kie, kahA~ kahAlau soi // isa AtmakathAmeM kavine apanA 55 varSoMkA carita spaSTatA aura satyatApUrvaka likhA hai| kavine satyatAke sAtha jIvana kI ghaTanAoMkA yathArtha citraNa karanemeM tanika bhI kora-kasara nahIM kI hai| vastutaH kavike jIvanakI ghaTanAe~ itanI vicitra hai, jisase pAThakoMkA sahaname manorajana ho sakatA hai| kavime hAtyarasakI pravRtti acchI mAtrAme vidyamAna hai, jisase ha~sI-manAkake avasaroMko khAlI nahIM jAne diyA hai| sinemAke calacitroMke samAna manamohaka ghaTanAe~ pratyeka pAThakake manameM gudagudI utpanna kiye vinA nahIM raha sktii| 675 dohA aura caupAiyomeM likhI gayI isa AtmakathAmeM kaviko apanA caritra citrita karanemeM paryAsa

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211 saphalatA prApta huI hai / apaneko taTastha rakhakara satkarma aura duSkamoMpara dRSTi DAnA tathA inhe janatAke samakSa kholakara kacce ciTThI ke rUpame rakhanA, kavikA bahuta bar3A sAhasa hai / isI sAhasake kAraNa unakA yaha AtmakathA - kAvya Ajake pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAnoke lie anukaraNIya hai / AtmakathAkI saphalTatAke lie jina upAdAnoMkI AvazyakatA hai, ve sabhI upAdAna isame vidyamAna hai / ataH yaha hindI sAhitya meM sabase purAnA AtmakathA-kAnsa hai / bhASAkI saralatA aura zailIkA suspaSTa vidhAna isakA prANa hai / hindI sasArako isakA vAstavika rUpame anusaraNa karanA cAhie / AtmakathA -kAvya

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sAtavA~ adhyAya rIti-sAhitya hindImeM rItikA prayoga lakSaNa anyoM ke lie hotA hai| jisa sAhityame kAvyake vibhinna agoMkA lakSaNa sodAharaNa pratipAdita hotA hai, use rIti sAhitya aura jisa vaijJAnika paddhatipara-vidhAnake anusAra yaha pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai, use rIti-zAstra kahate haiN| saMskRta sAhityame ise kAvyazAstra kahA gayA hai| jaina lekhaka aura kaviyoMne kAvya aura sAhityake vidhAnako rItika antargata rakhA hai| jisa yugame jaina sAhityakArone rItisAhityakA vivecana kiyA thA, usa yugame dezakA rAjanItika aura Arthika parAbhava apanI carama sImAtaka pahuMca gayA thA / bhAratakI kalA utkarSaka carama vindupara pahu~caneke uparAnta agatikI ora agrasara ho rahI thii| apratihata mugalavAhinI pazcimottara prAntomeM lagAtAra tInabAra asaphala rahI, jisase dhana-janakI hAnike sAtha mugala sAmrAjyako bhI bhArI dhakkA lagA / yadyapi bAharase bhArata sampanna aura zaktizAlI dikhAI detA thA, para usake bhItara kSayakA bIja akurita hone laga gayA thaa| jahA~gIrakI mastI bhaura zAhajahaoNke apavyaya donokA pariNAma dezake lie ahitakara huaa| ___ mugala samrAyake samAna hI hindU rAjAoMkI sthiti thii| bahupatnItvakI prathA rahaneke kAraNa rAjapUta rAjAoke ranivAsame Antarika kalaha aura IrSyAkA nagna nRtya hotA thA / ahakArakI bhAvanA ina rAjapUta rAjAome itanI adhika thI, jisase putra bhI pitAkI hatyA karaneko taiyAra thaa| phalataH isa viSama rAjanItika paristhitime hindU aura musalamAna

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rIti-sAhitya donoM hI apanA naitika bala kho baiThe the| donoM hI nirvAdha indriyalipsAme rata the / kavi aura kalAkAra amIra, raIsa aura rAjAoMke Azramame pahu~cakara inhI uccavargake vyaktiyokI kAmapipAsAko uttejita karanemeM saMlagna the / usa zRMgArika aura vilAsitAke yugame vAhya aura Antarika jIvanakI svastha abhivyaktikA mArga avaruddha ho cukA thA / jana-sAdhAraNakI vRttiyA~ bahirmukhI hokara asvastha kAmavilAsame hI apaneko vyakta karatI thIM / rAjA, mahArAjA aura raIsa vAhya jIvanase trasta hokara antaHpurakI ramaNiyoMkI goda meM zAntikA anubhava karate the / nairAgyane atizaya vilAsitAkA rUpa grahaNa kara liyA thA / 221 isa yugamaM hindU dharmakI sthiti aura bhI dayanIya thI / jIvaname vilAsitA A jAne ke kAraNa sAdhanA aura tattvacintaname zaithilya A gayA thA / dharmakA tAttvika vikAsa vilakula avaruddha ho gayA thA, bhakti aura sevA-arcana aizvarya aura vilAsane sthAna pA liyA thA / vibhinna dhArmika sampradAyamai andhavizvAsa aura rUr3hiyoMne ghara kara liyA thA / jisase dharma bhI zRMgAra aura vilAsake popaNakA sAdhana vana gayA thA | bhaktikAla ke rAdhA-kRSNa eka sAdhAraNa nAyaka-nAyikAke paTapara AsIna ho gaye the / maTha aura mandira devadAsiyoMke caraNokI chama-chama se gU~jate rahate the / unatAkA bauddhika hrAsa ho jAneke kAraNa sAhityasraSTA aura kalAkAroko mI vilAsa aura zRGgArako uttejita karanA Avazyaka- sA ho gayA thA | phalataH hindI sAhityame nAyaka nAyikAbhedapara saikaDo kAvya likhe gaye tathA hindI kaviyone lakSaNa granthoMke sAtha zRGgArakA khulA nirUpaNa kiyA / jIvanake mUlagata gambhIra praznoke samAdhAnakI ora kaviyokA bilkula dhyAna hI nahIM gayA / ataeva hindI rIti-sAhityame AdhyAtmikatAkA to pUrNa abhAva hai hI, para prakRtikI dRr3ha kaThoratA bhI nahI hai / jIvanakI anekarUpatA, jo ki kisI bhI bhASA ke sAhityake lie sthAyI sampatti hai isa yuga ke sAhityame usakA prAyaH abhAva hai|

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222 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana rItikAlakI sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rAjanItika paristhitiyoMne bhASA aura kavitA donoko alakRta kiyA hai| samayakI ruci aura tadAzrita kAvya-preraNA alakaraNake anukUla .thI, ataH kAvyake rUpaAkArako sajAnekA pUrA prayatna kiyA hai| hindIke rItigrantha prAyaH kAvyaprakAza, zRGgAra-tilaka, rasamajarI, candrAlokakI viSaya-nirUpaNa-zailIpara race gaye haiN| vipayakA piSTa-pepaNa honeke kAraNa koI nayI udbhAvanA rasa, alaMkAra yA zabda zaktike sambandhama nahIM huI / saMskRta sAhityake samAna zRGgArako hI rasarAja mAnate hue nAyaka-nAyikAoMke bheda-prabhedome hI vAlakI khAla nikAlakara kalAkAra kavi-karmakI itizrI samajhate rhe| parantu jaina kalAkArone isa vilAsitAke yugameM bhI vahirmukhI vRttiyoMkA sakoca aura antarmukhI vRciyoMke prasAra-dvArA antaske prakAzako prApta kara cira-satya evaM cira-sundarako AdhArabhUmipara ArUr3ha ho zAntarasameM nimanana kiyA hai / mahAkavi banArasIdAsane zRMgArI kaviyokI bharsanA karate hue kahA hai aise mUDha ku-kavi kudhI, gaheM mRpA patha daura / rahe magana abhimAna meM, kaha aurakI aura // vastu sarUpa lakheM nahIM, bAhina dRSTi pramAna / mRpA vilAsa vilokake, kareM mRpA gunagAna // kavine zRgArI kaviyoMke mRSA gunagAnakA vidaleSaNa karate hue vavAyA hai mA~sa kI pranthi kuca kaMcana kalasa kaha, kaha mukhacanda jo salepamA ko ghara hai| hADa ke dazana Ahi hIrA motI kahe vAhi, mAsa ke adhara moTha kahe vivaphara hai|

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rIti-sAhitya hADa dambha bhujA kahe kaula nAla kAma zudhA, hADa hI ke thaMbhA jaMghA kahe raMbhA taru hai| yoM hI jhUThI jugati banA au kahAce kapi, ete pai kahaiM hameM zAradAko para hai| jaina kAnyakI vairAgyonmukha pravRttikA vizleSaNa karanepara nimna niSkarSa nikalate haiM (1) isakA mUlAdhAra AtmAnubhUti yA prathama guNa hai| isame pArthiva eva aindriya saundaryake prati AkarSaNa nahIM hai| apArthiva aura atIndriya saundaryake rahasya saketa sarvatra vidyamAna hai| (2) rAgAtmikA pravRttiko udAtta aura pariSkRta karanA tathA jIvanonnayanake lie tattvajJAnakA Azraya lenA / jIvana-sAdhanA svAnubhava yA tattvajJAnake anubhava-dvArA hI hotI hai, ataH tattvajJAnako jIvanama utAranA tathA jIvanakI vAstavikatAose Amane-sAmane khar3e hokara Takkara lene meM sampUrNa cetanAkA upayoga karanA / (3) vAsanAke sthAnapara vizuddha premako apanAnA aura AdarzavAdI balidAnakI bhAvanAko jIvaname utaarnaa| (4) taralatA aura chAke sthAnapara AtmAkI pukAra eva svastha jIvana-darzanako upasthita karanA / (1) jIvanake mUlagata praznokA samAdhAna karate hue ubuddha jIvanakI gahana manovaijJAnika aura sAmAjika samasyAose abhijJa krnaa| (6) ghora avyavasthAse kSata-vikSata sAmantavAdake bhagnAvazeSakI chAyAme trasta aura pIr3ita mAnavako vaiyaktika sphUrci aura utsAha pradAna krnaa| ' (7) jIvana pathako, nairAzyake andhakArako dUrakara AzAke saMcAra-dvArA Alokita karanA eva vilAsa jarjara mAnavame naitika balakA sacAra krnaa| kavivara bhUdharadAsane kaviyoko bodha dete hue batAyA hai ki binA sikhAye hI loga viSayasukha sevanakI caturatA sIkha rahe haiM, tava rasakAvya

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224 hindI - jaina-sAhitya- parizIlana racanekI kyA AvazyakatA 1 jo kavi viSaya-kAvya racakara janatA - janArdanako vipayokI ora prerita karate haiM, ve mAnava samAjake zatru hai / aise kukaviyo se satsAhityake 'jIvanakA nirmANa aura utthAna' kabhI siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| kAmukatAkI vRddhi karanA kavikarmake viparIta hai, ataeva korI zRgArikatAko prazraya denA ucita nahIM hai / rAga udaya jaga andha bhayo, sahaje saba logana lAja ga~vAI / sIkha vinA nara sIkhata hai, viSayAnike sevanakI sugharAI // tApara aura race rasakAvya, kahA kahiye tinakI niThurAI / andha asUjhanikI a~khiyAna meM jhoMkata hai raja rAmaduhAI // jahA~ zRgArI kaviyoMne stanoko svarNakalazokI aura unake vyAmala agrabhAgako nIlamaNika Dha~kanIkI upamA dI hai, vahA~ kavi bhUdharadAsane kyA hI sundara kalpanA dvArA bhAvAbhivyaJjana kiyA hai kaMcana kumbhanakI upamA, kahi deta urojanako kavi bAre / Upara zyAma vilokatake maninIlama Dha~kanI Dha~ka DhAre // yo sata vaina kahe na ku paNDita, ye yuga Amipa piNDa udhAre / sAdhana ra duI mu~ha chAra, bhaye ihi heta kidhauM kuca kAre // jaina sAhityame antarmukhI pravRttiyoMko athavA Atmonmukha purupArthako rasa batAyA hai| jabataka AtmAnubhUtikA rasa nahIM chalakatA rasamayatA nahI A sakatI | vibhAva, anubhAva aura saMcArIbhAva rasa-siddhAnta jIvake mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika vikAra haiM, svabhAva nahI hai / rasokA vAstavika udbhava ina vikAroke dUra honepara hI ho sakatA hai / javataka kapAya -- vikAroMke kAraNa yogakI pravRtti zubhAzubha rUpameM anuraMjita rahatI hai, AtmAnubhUti nahIM ho sakatI / zubhAzubha pariNatiyokai nAza honepara hI zuddhAnubhUtijanya Atmarasa chalakatA hai, isI

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rIti-sAhitya 225 kAraNa laukika rUpame rasa - virasa hai / mahAkavi banArasIdAsane isakI alaukikatAkA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai jaba subodha ghaTamaiM paragAsai / navarasa virasa viSamatA nAle // navarasa lakhai eka rasa mAhIM / tAteM virasabhAva miTi jAhIM // arthAt jaba hRdayame viveka - yathArtha jJAnakA prakAza hotA hai, taba rasokI birasatA aura viSamatAkA nAza ho jAtA hai, aura nirantara AtmAnubhUti hone lagatI hai / tIvra rAga hI klAnta hokara jaba vairAgyame pariNata ho jAtA hai, tatra Atmacintana utpanna hotA hai aura icchA sundara ramaNiyome prIti, mUvAhya vastuoMke sAtha ekameka rUpa honeke pariNAma, kAma- iSTa vastu abhilASA, sneha - viziSTa prema, gArdhya - aprApta vastuko icchA, abhinanda - iSTa vastukI prApti honepara santoSa, abhilASA - iSTa vastukI prAptike lie manoratha eva mamatva - yaha vastu merI hai kA pariSkAra hotA hai / rasAnubhUti alaukika rUpase prazama - rAgAdikakA utkRSTa rAma, guNake AvirbhUta honepara hI hotI hai| jaina kaviyokI anubhUtikA dharAtala bahuta gaharA hai / ina kalAkAroMne apanI painI dRSTi DAlakara sUkSma-tarala bhAvanAoke sAtha krIr3A karate hue Atma-saundaryako grahaNa kiyA aura indriya-vilAsase dUra rahakara AtmalokameM vicaraNa karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai / jaina sAhitya - nirmAtAoMne isakA prayoga AtmAnandake arthama kiyA hai / rasako mahAkavi banArasIdAsane cidAnandasvarUpa mAnA hai / samAdhi yA dhyAna- dvArA jisa AnandakI anubhUti hotI hai, vahI Ananda tatkAlake sahana sAkSAtkAra-dvArA upalabdha hotA hai / yoM to jaina sAhityame pulake spa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ina cAra pradhAna guNomeM rasako yugake rUpame parigaNita kiyA hai| laukikarUpameM rasakA prayoga jainasAhityame aneka sthalopara huA hai / 15

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226 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana "rasyante antarAtmanAnubhUyante iti rasAstasahakArikAraNasannidhAnepu cetovikAraviNa pepu rasAH bhaMgArAdayaH" / arthat antarAtgakI anubhUtiko rasa kahate haiM tathA isameM sahakArI kAraNa milanepara no manameM vikAra utpanna hotA hai, vaha zRGgArAdvirapa rasa kahalAtA hai| isIko saSTa karata hue kahA hai bAhAAlambano vanavikAro mAnaso navat / sa mAvaH kathyate saddhiH tasyotkarSo rasaH smRtaH / / arthAn-bAhya baluke Alambanane jo mAnasika vikAra utpanna hotA hai, vaha bhAva kahalAtA hai aura isI mAyake utkarSako rasa kahA jAtA hai| bhagavadinasenanaM alaMkAra-cintAmaNimeM rasakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue batAyA hai ayopazamane mAnA'vRttivIryAntarAyayoH / indriyAnindriyajIva svindriyajJAnamudbhavet // tena saMvedyamAno yo mohanIyasamudbhavaH / rasAmiyakSakaH sthAyibhAvazciciparyayaH / / artha-jAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAyake zyopazama honepara indriya aura manake dvArA jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha indriyacAna hai| isa indriya jAnake muMdanake sAtha mehanIya kamkA uThya honepara vikRta cananya paryAya, jo ki tyAyI bhAvarUpa hai, rasakI abhivyakti karatI hai| sAyI mAtraka lApakA nirUpaNa karate hue batAyA hai sammogagocaro vAnDAvizepo rtiH| vikAradarzanAdinanyo manoyo hAsaH / svasyeSTajanaviyogAdinA svasminduHkhokapaH shokH| riputApa- ' kAriNazvetasi prajvalana krAMvaH / kAryapu lokotkRSTeSu sthirataraprayavaH utsaahH| rAtrilokanAdinA manayAMzaGkana bhayan / aryAnAM dopavilA 1. abhivAnarAnanda 'rasa' zabcha /

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rIti-sAhitya 227 kanAdimirgahI jugupsA / apUrvavastudarzanAdinA cittavistAro vismyH| virAgatvAdinA nirvikAramanastvaM shmH| arthAt-sambhogasambandhI icchA vizepako rati, vikRta vastukai dekhane para jo manovinodakI vAJchA utpanna hotI hai, use hAsa; iSTa vyaktike viyukta honepara jo zoka utpanna hotA hai, use zoka; zatru yA anya upakArIke prati maname jalana-santApa utpanna honA krodha, lokake utkRSTa kAyoMme dRr3ha prayatna karanA utsAha, bhayAnaka vastuko dekhakara usase anarthakI AzakA karanA bhayA padArthoMke doSa dekhanese utpanna honevAlI ghRNA jugupsA; advitIya vastuke dekhanese manako vistRta karanA vismaya evaM virakti Adike dvArA manakA nirvikArI honA zama hai| ina sthAyI bhAvoMkI abhivyakta dazAkA nAma rasa hai| vAgbhaTAlakArame jainAcAryane isI tathyakA prakaTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai vibhAvairanubhAvaizca saattvikaiybhicaaribhiH| bhAropyamANa utkarSa sthAyIbhAvaH smRto rasaH // arthAt-hamAre hRdayasthita rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, cugupsA, vismaya aura zamabhAva sthAyI rUpase nirantara vidyamAna rahate haiN| jaba ye hI bhAva avasara pAkara-vibhAva, anumAva, sAtvika aura vyabhicArI bhAvoMke dvArA utkarSako prApta hote haiM-jAga uThate hai, to rasakI anubhUti hotI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki mAnava-hRdayame sadaiva prasuptAvasthAme vidyamAna rahanevAle manovikAroMse rasakI siddhi hotI hai| jaina sAhitya-nirmAtAoMne laukika aura alaukika dono hI avasthAoMmeM anirvacanIya Anandako rasa kahA hai| kavitA paDhane yA sunane aura nATaka dekhanese pAThaka, zrotA yA darzakako advitIya, sAsArika vastuome aprApya Ananda upalabdha hotA hai, jo zabdoMke dvArA abhivyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, vahI kAvyame rasa kahalAtA hai| vastutaH kAvya

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228 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana yA sAhityame asAdhAraNa Anandako sacArita karanevAlA rasa avazya rahatA hai| nizcaya nayakI zailIke anusAra AtmAnubhUti hI rasa hai tathA sAhityame yahI AtmAnubhUti-vidyamAna rahatI hai| yadyapi mAnasika vikAra aura bhAva jo kAvya-dvArA ubuddha hote hai, virasa hai; parantu lokika dRSTise ye bhI AnandAnubhUtiko hI utpanna karate haiN| jaina hindI rIti sAhityama mahAkavi banArasIdAsane apane maulika cintana dvArA rasaoNke sthAyI bhAvoMke sambandhameM navIna prakAza DAlA hai| prAcIna paramparAse prApta sthAyI bhAvoMkI apekSA banArasIdAsako kalpanA kitanI vaijJAnika aura tathyapUrNa hai, yaha nimna vivecanase spaSTa hai| mahAkavine bhaMgAra rasakA sthAyI bhAva zomA, hAsya rasakA mAnanda, karuNa rasakA komalatA, raudra rasakA krodha, dhIra rasakA puruSArtha, bhayAnaka rasakA cintA, bIbhatsa rasakA glAni, adbhutakA Azcarya aura zAnta rasakA sthAyI bhAva vairAgya mAnA hai / yadyapi raudra, adbhuta, vIbhatsa aura zAnta rasake sthAyI bhAtra prAcIna paramparAse sAmya rakhate haiM, para zeSa rasAMke sthAyI bhAvoMkI unnAvanA vilkula navIna hai| zRMgAra rasakA sthAyI bhAva zomA rati sthAyI bhAvakI apekSA 1.yomA meM zRMgAra vase vIra puruSArayameM, komala hiye meM karuNA vkhaaniye| Ananda meM hAsya ruNDa muNDa meM virAje rudra, vIbhatsa tahA~ jahA~ gilAni mana Aniye // cintA meM bhayAnaka athAhatA meM adbhuta, mAyAkI aruci tAmeM zAnta rasa maaniye| ye I nava rasa bhava rUpa ye I bhAvarUpa inako vilakSaNa sudRSTi jage jAniye // 2. dekheM nainasiddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 16 kiraNa /

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rIti-sAhitya 229 1 adhika tarkasaMgata hai / kyoki zobhA zabdame jo gUr3ha artha aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa nihita hai, vaha ratimeM nahIM / ratiko sthAyI bhAva mAna lenese sabase baDI Apatti yaha AtI hai ki eka hI vipaya-bhogasambandhI citrake dekhanese muni, kAmuka aura citrakArake hRdayame eka hI prakArakI bhAvanAe~ udbuddha nahIM ho sakatI / ataeva ekamAtra ratiko zrRMgAra rasakA sthAyI bhAva nahI mAnA jA sakatA / zobhAkA sambandha mAnasika vRttise honeke kAraNa isakA vizAla aura vyApaka artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| zobhAsaundarya kI ora mana, vacana aura kAyakI ekaniSThatA honepara hI zRMgAra rasakI anubhUti hotI hai / ataeva saundaryame hI cittavRtti tallIna hotI hai, jisase zrRgArakA anubhava hotA hai / hAsya rasakA sthAyI bhAva Ananda mAna lenese isa rasakI utpatti adhika vaijJAnika mAlUma par3atI hai| ha~sI to kabhI-kabhI Ubakara yA khIjhakara bhI AtI hai, para isa haeNsIse hAsyarasakI utpatti nahI ho sakatI / ha~sanA kaI prakArakA hotA hai, dUsaroko avAJchanIya mArgapara jAte dekhakara duHkhakI sthitime ha~sI A jAtI hai, para yahA~ hAsya rasakI anubhUti nahIM hai / kyoki isa prakArakI haeNsIme eka vedanA chipI rahatI hai| kabhI-kabhI kautUhala honepara bhI kisI UTapaTAga kAryako dekhakara yo hI ha~sI A jAtI hai, parantu hAsya rasakI anubhUti nahI hotI / isa prakArake sthaloma prAyaH karuNAvRtti hamAre hRdayame udabuddha hotI hai tathA karuNa rasakI ho anubhUti hotI hai| Ananda sthAyI bhAva svIkAra kara lenepara ukta doSa nahI AtA / * jina manoraMjana aura bholepanase paripUrNa zubha savAdoMko sunate hai aura jina pravRttiyoM ke dvArA kisIkI hAni nahIM hotI tathA manabahalAvakA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra ho jAtA hai, usa samaya AnandakI avasthAme hAsya rasako utpatti hotI hai / abhiprAya yaha ki hAsyarasakA sambandha vastutaH Anandase haiM, kaivala hAsase nahIM / jabataka antasme AnandakA sacAra nahIM hogA,

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana tabataka hAsya rasAnubhUtikA honA sambhava nahIM / Antarika AhlAdake honepara hI hAsya rasAnubhUti hotI hai, ataeva Anandako isa rasakA sthAyI bhAva mAnanA tarkasaMgata aura vaijJAnika hai| prAcIna paramparAme karuNa rasakA sthAyI bhAva zoka mAnA gayA hai, parantu mahAkavine komalatAko isakA sthAyI bhAva mAnA hai| kAraNa spaSTa hai ki zokake mUlame cintA rahatI hai tathA cintAmai mayakI utpatti hotI hai, ataeva kevala zoka karuNa rasakA saMcAra nahIM kara sakatA hai / karuNAkA zabdArtha dayA hai aura dayA usI vyakti ke hRdayameM utpanna hogI, jisake antaHkaraName komalatA rhegii| komalatAke abhAvame karuNA buddhikA utpanna honA sambhava nahIM hai, ataeva karuNa rasakA sthAyI bhAva komalatAko mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata hai| ___ komalatAmeM udAratA aura samarasatAkA samanvaya yA saMtulana hai / yaha svayaM apane Apame sarala,nirmala aura niSkalpa hai / Adhunika manovijJAnavettAoMne zokama antardvandajanya cintAkA mizraNa svIkAra kiyA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki Antarika kaThinAiyoke kAraNa zokakA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, jisase karuNa rasakI anubhUti nahIM ho sktii| haoN, komalatAme karuNAvRttikA rahanA avazyamAvI hai, ataeva zokakI apekSA komalatA hI karuNarasakA vijJAna-sammata sthAyIbhAva hai| isa vRttime cittakA lacIlApana vizeSarUpase vidyamAna hai| vIrarasakA purupArtha sthAyI bhAva mAnanA adhika vaijJAnika hai, kyoMki utsAha kisI kAraNa ThaDhA bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu puruSArthame AgekI ora bar3hanekI bhAvanA antarnihita hai| kisIke vIrarasa sambandhI kAnyako par3hakara utsAhakA AnA na AnA nizcita nahIM hai, kintu purupArthakArya-sAdhanakI tIvra laganakA utpanna honA parama Avazyaka hai| puspArtha eka sajIva pravRtti hai, para utsAha anyaparaavalambita rahanevAlI bhAvanA hai| mahAkavine bhayAnaka rasakA sthAyIbhAva cintAko mAnA hai, kyoMki

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rIti-sAhitya 231 kisI bhayAnaka dRzyako dekhakara bhaya utpanna ho hI athavA kisIke dvArA DarAye jAnepara bhayakI bhAvanA jAgrata ho, isakA koI nizcaya nahIM / jabataka cintA utpanna nahIM hotI tabataka bhaya utpanna nahIM ho sakatA | cintA zabda bhayakI apekSA adhika vyApaka hai| yadyapi cintA aura maya eka dUsareke pRSThapoSaka haiM, kintu cintAke utpanna honepara bhayakI bhAvanAkA jAgrata honA Avazyaka-sA hai| isa prakAra sthAyImAvoM aura rasoMke vivecaname jainasAhityakAroMne maulika cintana upasthita kiyA hai| rasarAja jaina sAhityame zAntarasako svIkAra kiyA hai / isa rasakA sthAyIbhAva vairAgya yA zamako mAnA hai; tattvajJAna, tapa, dhyAna, cintana, samAdhi Adi vibhAva haiM, kAma, krodha, lobha, mohake abhAva anubhAva haiM; dhRti, mati Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| vastutaH na jahA~ rAga-dveSa haiM, na sukha-duHkha haiM, na udvega-kSobha haiM aura saba prANiyoMme samAna bhAva hai, vahA~ zAnta rasakI sthiti rahatI hai| mAnava aharniza zAnti prApta karanekI ceSTA karatA hai, usakA pratyeka prayala zAntike lie hotA hai / bhautikavAda aura dehAtmavAdase kabhI zAnti nahIM mila sakatI, ataeva gAntarasako rasarAja mAnanA samIcIna hai| jisa prakAra choTe-choTe nirjhara kisI samudrame mila jAte hai, usI prakAra sabhI rasokA samAveza bhAntarasame ho jAtA hai| jaise nadiyoM aura jharanoMkA samudra meM milanA svabhAvasiddha hai, prakArAntarase nadiyokA udgama srota bhI samudrakA jala hI hai, isI prakAra mAnava-jIvanakI samasta pravRttiyokA udgama zAntise tathA samasta pravRttiyokA vilyana bhI zAntime hI hotA hai| zAntikA akSaya bhaNDAra AtmA hai, jaba yaha deha Adi parapadArthoMse apaneko bhinna anubhava karane lagatI hai, usa samaya gAnta rasakI utpatti hotI hai| yaha ahakAra, rAga-dvaipase hIna, zuddha jJAna aura Anandase ota-prota Atmasthiti hai| yaha sthiti cirasthAyI hai, rati, utsAha Adi anya manodazAokA AvirbhAva isIme hotA hai| jaina sAhityakArone vairAgyotpattike do sAdhana batalAye hai-tattvajJAna

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232 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana aura iSTaviyoga tathA aniSTasayoga / inameM pahalA sthAyI bhAva hai aura dUsarA sacArI / AjakA manovijJAna bhI ukta jaina kathanakA samarthana karatA hai, kyoMki isake anusAra rAgakI klAnta avasthA hI vairAgya hai| mahAkavi devane bhI vairAgyako rAgakI atizaya pratikriyA mAnA hai| inake matAnusAra tIvra rAga hI klAnta hokara vairAgyame pariNata ho jAtA hai| ataeva zAnta rasame manakI vibhinna dazAoMkA rahanA Avazyaka hai| DA0 zrI bhagavAnadAsane apane rasa-bhImAsA nibandhame zAnta rasakA rasarAjatva atyanta sucAru DhaMgase siddha kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki "isa mahArasameM anya sava rasa dekha par3ate haiM, yaha sabakA samuccaya hai| zreSTha aura preSTha antarAtmA paramAtmAkA (apane para) paramaprema, mahAkAma, mahAlaMgAra, (akAmaH sarvakAmo vA.), saMsArakI viDambanAoMkA upahAsa, saMsArake mahAtamas andhakAramai bhaTakate hue dIna janoMke lie karuNA (saMsAriNAM karuNayAha purANaguhyam ), panna ripuoNpara krodha (krodhe krodhaH kathana te), inako parAsta karane, indriyo. kI vAsanAoko jItane, jJAna-dAnase dInajanakI sahAyatA karaneke lie utsAha (yuyodhyasmanjuharANamena), antarAri paripu kahIM asAvadhAna pAkara vivaza na kara deM isakA bhaya (naraH pramAdI sa kathaM na hanyate yaH sevate paJcabhireva paJca), indriyoMke vipayopara aura hATa-mAMsake zarIrapara jugupsA (mukhaM lAlAklinna pivati caparka sAsavamiva maho mohAndhAnAM kimiva ramaNIyaM na bhavati), aura krIDAtmaka lIlA-svarUpa agAdha, ananta jagatakA nirmANavidhAna karAnevAlI paramAtmAkI (apanI hI) zaktipara mahAvismaya (svamevaiko'sya sarvasya vidhAnasya svayaMbhuva ..."1)-sabhI to isa rasake mantabhUta hai|" mahAkavi vanArasIdAsane zAnta rasakA rasarAjatva siddha karate hue AtmAme hI navo rasokI sthiti svIkAra kI hai| DA0 magavAnadAsajIne jisa prakAra apara zAntarasako saskRta sAhityake uddharaNoke sAtha rasarAja

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rIti-sAhitya siddha kiyA hai, usI prakAra jaina kavine AtmAnubhUti aura maulika cintana-dvArA AtmasvarUpa zAnta rasame sabhI rasokA antarbhAva kiyA hai guna vicAra siMgAra, vIra udyama udAra rukha / karunA samarasa rIti, hAsa hiradai uchAha sukha / aSTa karama dala malana, rudra baratai tihi thAnaka / tana vileccha bImaccha, dunda mukha dasA bhayAnaka / adabhuta ananta vala cintavana, sAnta sahaja vairAga dhuva / navarasa vilAsa paragAsa tava, subodha ghaTa pragaTa huva / / arthAt-AtmAko jJAna guNase vibhUSita karanekA vicAra zRgAra, karma nirjarAkA udyama vIrarasa, saba jIvoko apane samAna samajhanA karaNarasa, hRdayame utsAha aura sukhakA anubhava karanA hAsyarasa, aSTa karmAko naSTa karanA raudrarasa, zarIrakI azucitAkA vicAra karanA vIbhatsa rasa, janma-maraNAdikA duHkha cintana karanA bhayAnaka rasa, AtmAkI ananta zaktiko prApta kara vismaya karanA adbhuta rasa aura dRDha vairAgya dhAraNa paralA tathA AtmAnubhavame lIna honA zAnta rasa hai| vairAgyake sAdhana tattvajJAna-prAsika guNasthAnaspa caudaha sopAna batalAye gaye haiM / para rasa vizlepaNameM cAra hI sopAna pradhAna hai / sabase prathama jagatkI vAstavikatAkA jJAna prApta karanA anivArya hai| vibhinna nAmarUpAtmaka yaha jagat mAnava manako nAnA pralobhano-dvArA apanI ora AkRSTa kara letA hai, jisase ahaMkAra aura mamakArakA sayoga honene vibhinna mAnasika vikArokI utpatti hotI hai| jaba paDyA -nIca, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAlakA vAstavika parinAna hotA hai aura AtmAkI (jIvakI) ina saba dravyose minnatva pratIti hone lagatI hai, usa samaya prathama avasthA-caturtha guNasthAna-AtmAnubhUti rapa sammagdarzanakI sthiti AtI hai| yaha rasa avasthA vyApaka hai, isameM Atma

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234 hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana zodhanakI pravRtti hotI hai, vibhAvase haTakara svabhAva rUpa pravRtti hone lagatI hai / aindriyaka sukha, usakA rAzi rAzi saundarya sabhI kSaNika pratIta hone lagate hai / manuSyakA rUpa, gaurava, vaibhava, zakti, ahakAra kitane kSaNabhagura hai aura inakI kSaNabhaguratAmeM kitanA kAruNya vidyamAna hai / ataH AtmadarzanakI utpatti honA prathama avasthA hai / 1 pramAdakA, jisake kAraNa sAsArika sukha-duHkha, utthAna-patana vyApate haiM tathA svotthAnakI pravRttime anutsAhakI bhAvanA rahatI hai aura AtmonmukharUpa honevAlA puruSArtha ThaDhA par3a jAtA hai, pariSkAra karanA aura ise dUra karaneke lie kaTibaddha ho jAnA vairAgyakI dvitIyAvasthA hai / tattvaci - ntana dvArA hI pramAdako dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataeva AtmAnubhavI apane purupArtha- dvArA zAntarasakI upalabdhike lie isa dvitIya avasthA ko prApta karatA hai / isa avasthA me bhI navo rasoMkI anubhUti hotI hai| tRtIya avasthA usa sthalapara utpanna hotI hai, java kapAya vAsanAo kA pUrNa abhAva ho jAtA hai| pUrNa zAntime bAdhaka kapAye hI haiM, ataeva inake dUra hote hI AtmA nirmala ho jAtI hai / tatvajJAnakI cauthI avasthA kevalajJAnake utpanna ho jAnepara pUrNa AtmAnubhUti hotI hai| isa avasthAmeM pUrNagAntarasa chalakane lagatA hai, AtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtI hai / AnandasAgara laharAne lagatA hai / mahAkavi banArasIdAsane zAntarasakI ina cAro avasthAokA sundara vilepaNa kiyA hai / kavine akhaNDa zAntiko hI sarvotkRSTa zAntarasa mAnA hai / vastu vicArata dhyAvate, mana pAvai visarAma / rasa svAdata sukha UpajeM, anubhava yAko nAma // arthAt -- akhaNDa zAntikA anubhava hI sabase bar3A sukha hai, yahI rasa hai aura isIke dvArA mAnava apanA amISTa sAdhana kara sakatA hai / sarva

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rIti-sAhitya 235 prANI samabhAva bhI isIse ho sakatA hai| ataeva "navamI sAnta rasanikau nAyaka" mAnanA yukti sagata hai / rasa- siddhAntake nirUpaNamaM kavi banArasIdAsane jitanI maulikatA dikhalAI, utanI anya jaina kaviyoMne nahI / inhone sthAyI bhAva, vibhAva, anubhAva aura sancArIbhAva ina cAro hI rasAGgokA navIna dRSTikoNase vivecana kiyA / rasa- siddhAntapara savat 1670 me mAnaziva kacine 'bhASA - kavi-rasa maJjarI' zRGgArarasa vipayaka racanA likhI hai| isameM rIti kAlake anya kaviyoM ke samAna nAyikA bheTapara prakAza DAlA gayA hai / yadyapi vibhAva, anubhAvokA viglepaNa kapAya aura vAsanAoke aneka bheda-prabhedoke vivecana dvArA kiyA hai, parantu navInatA kucha bhI nahI hai / zRGgArarasa aura nAyikA- bheTapara mAnaka vikI sayoga dvAtrizikA ( 1731 ), udayacandakA anUpa rasAla ( 1728 ) aura udairAjakA vaidyavirahaNi prabandha (1772 ) bhI upalabdha hai | ina jaina sAhityaSTAne rasa-vilepaNameM mUlataH sthAyI bhAvoMkI sthiti rAga-dveSa manovikAra mAnI hai / kyoki samasta manovegokA sIdhA sambandha inhIM dono bhAvose hai / mAnavakA ahabhAva inhI donoMke rUpame abhibyajita hotA hai / ataeva rati, hAsa, utsAha aura vismaya sAdhAraNataH ahabhAvake upakAraka honeke kAraNa rAgake antargata aura zoka, krodha, bhaya aura jugupsA ahabhAvake upakAraka hone ke kAraNa dveparka antargata Ate hai / jaba rAga aura dvepa donoMkA parimArjana ho jAtA hai, taba vairAgya - nirvedabhAvakI utpatti hotI hai / yaha ahaMbhAva kI samarasatA kI avasthA hai, AtmA isameM svonmukha rUpase pratibhAsita hone lagatI hai / laukika dRSTise prathama cAra bhAva madhura honeke kAraNa sukhakI abhivyakti aura dUsare cAra bhAva kaTu honeke kAraNa duHkhakI abhivyakti karate hai / isaprakAra jaina lekhakoM ne bhAvakI sthiti rAga aura dveSake antargata mAna *

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236 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kara rasakA vizlepaNa kiyA hai| rasasakhyA aura bhAcokI saMkhyA rIti'kAlake anya kaviyoke samAna hI mAnI hai| saMskRta sAhityake jaina kaviyoM ke samAna hindI bhASAme bhI jaina kaviyone alakArapara grantha-racanA kI hai / jisa prakAra bhAratIya sAhityama alaMkAra alakAra paramparAkA bhI kramika vikAsa huA hai " usI prakAra jaina sAhityame bhI alaMkArokA kramika vikAsa vidyamAna hai / alakAra-cintAmaNime bhagavajinasenAcAryane citrAlakAra aura yamakAlakArake bheda-prabhedokI saMkhyA pacAsase bhI adhika ktalAI hai| hindImApAme ku~vara-kuzalakA lakhapatajayasindhu aura uttamacandrakA alakAraAzaya majarI prasiddha hai| ina dono granthoMmeM alakAra aura alaMkAryakA bheda spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| rasa (bhAva), vastu aura alakAra tInokI pRthak sthiti mAnI gayI haiN| alaMkAra rasakA upakAra karatA haitIvratara banAtA hai tathA vastuke citraName ramaNIyatA yA AkarpaNa utpanna karatA hai / ataeva rasa (bhAva) aura vastu donoM alakAra haiM aura alakAra unake alakaraNakA sAdhana hai| rasa kAvyakI AtmA hai, para isakI vAstavika sthiti alakArake vinA bana nahIM sakatI / kyoki bhAvame ramaNIyatA, komalatA, sUkSmatA aura tIvratA sAdhAraNa zabdoke dvArA nahIM A sakatI hai / uktikI camakrake dvArA hI bhAvame saundarya yA ramaNIyatA utpanna hotI hai| ataeva sundara bhAvokI abhivyaMjanAke lie sundara uktiyoMkA honA bhI Avazyaka hai / jaina sAhityame hI nahIM, apitu samasta bhAratIya sAhityame zabda aura arthako vilkula bhinna nahIM mAnA hai| ataeva anubhUti aura abhivyaktime bhI pArthakya nahIM hai / ataH zabdome ramaNIyatA utpanna karanevAlA sAdhana alakAra kAvyakI AtmA na hokara bhI kAvyake rUpa-prasAdhanake lie anivArya hai / jisa prakAra AtmAko ramaNIyatAke lie zarIrakA ramaNIya honA bhI Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra bhAvoMkI ramaNIyatAke lie zabdoMkA ramaNIya

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rIti-sAhitya 237 honA bhI anivArya hai / zabda aura artha dono sApekSa hai, zabda dravya haiM to artha bhAva; ataH bhAvake binA dravyakI sthiti aura dravyake binA bhAvakI sthiti nahIM bana sakatI hai| dono hI parasparApekSita hai, ekako sundara banAneke lie dUsarekA ramaNIya honA Avazyaka hai / vyAvahArika dharAtalapara alakArIke dvArA apane kathanako kavi yA lekhaka zrotA yA pAThakake maname bhItara taka baiThAnekA prayatna karatA hai, vAtako baDhA-caDhAkara usake manakA vistAra karatA hai, bAhya vaiSamya AdikA niyojana kara AzcaryakI udbhAvanA karatA hai tathA bAtako ghumA-phirAkara vakratA ke sAtha kahakara pAThakakI jijJAsAko uddIta karatA hai / kavi apanI buddhikA camatkAra dikhalAkara pAThakake maname kautUhala jAgrata karatA hai / spaSTatA, vistAra, Amcarya, nijJAsA aura kautUhala alakAro ke AdhAra haiN| sAdharmya, atizaya, vaiSamya, aucitya, vakratA aura camatkAra aLakAroke mUrtarUpa haiM / upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa Adi sAdharmya-mUlaka; atizayokti, udAttasAra Adi atizayamUlaka; virodha, vibhAvanA, asagati, vyAghAta Adi vaiSamyamUlka; yathAsakhya, kAraNamALA, svabhAvokti Adi aucityamUlaka, aprastutaprazasA, vyAjokti Adi vakratAmUlaka eva yamaka, glepa Adi camatkAramUlaka haiM / ataeva niSkarSa yaha hai ki alkArokA mUlAdhAra atizaya, vakratA aura camatkAra hai / inhIM tInoMke kAraNabhedase alaMkAroMke sahasro bheda kiye gaye hai / kavi uttamacandane abhivyaktiko ramaNIya banAnekA sabase pracala sAdhana prastutavidhAnako batalAyA hai / prastutakI zrIvRddhike lie aprastutakA upayoga / yaha aprastutavidhAna pradhAnataH sAmyapara Azrita rahatA hai / sAmya tIna prakArakA hotA hai-rUpasAmya, dharmasAmya aura prabhAvasAmya | alaMkAroMkA prANa yA AdhAra yahI aprastutavidhAna hai, isase vibhinna rUpa aura bhedoMkA Alambana lekara alaMkAroMkI saMkhyAkA vitAna kiyA

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230 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana gayA hai / bhAvoMke mAnavIyakaraNake lie bhI alakArokA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| inhoMne zabdAlaMkAra aura alakArokI saMkhyA 243 mAnI hai / lakSaNa aura udAharaNa bahuta kama alaMkAroMke diye hai| jaina kaviyone rIti sAhityake antargata chandavidhAnako bhI mAnA hai, ataeva chanda-zAstraviSayaka racanAe~ aneka upalabdha hai| svayabhU kavikA .. chando grantha prasiddha hai hI, isake atirikta hema kavikA chandazAstra * chandamAlikA (1706), cetana vijayakA laghupigala (1847), jJAnasArakA mAlApiMgala ( 1876 ), megharAjakA chandaprakAza (19 vI zatI), udayacandakA chanda prabandha aura vRndAvanakA chandazataka zreSTha grantha hai / ina granyoma hindI aura saskRtake sabhI pradhAna chandoke lakSaNa Aye haiN| jaina kaviyoMne bhinna-bhinna svAbhAvika abhivyaktiyoke lie chandoMkA Adarza sA~cA taiyAra kiyA hai| jitane prakArakI amivyaktiyoM layake sAmanjasya ke sAtha ho sakatI hai, unakA vidhAna chandazAstrame kiyA hai| ___ vAstavika bAta yaha hai ki layakA sthAna jIvanama mahattvapUrNa hai| mAnavakI hRttantriyoke atirikta nadI, nirjhara, per3a-paudhe, latA-gulma AdimeM sarvatra laya pAyI jAtI hai / jIvanakA sAratattva laya hI hai, isI kAraNa utkaTa harSa, vipATake ucchavAsoMmeM gurutva aura laghutvake kAraNa layakI lahare uThatI rahatI hai / madhura svara aura layako sunakara mAnavamAtrakI antararAginI tanmaya hue vinA nahIM raha sakatI hai| ataH chandavidhAna isI layako niyantrita karatA hai, yaha bhApAma rAgakA prabhAva, usakI zakti aura usakI gatike niyamanake sAtha antara spandanako tIvratama vanAtA hai| jisa prakAra pataga tAgeke laghu-guru saketoke anusAra U~cI-UMcI ur3atI jAtI hai, usI prakAra kavitAkA rAga chandake saketApara uttarottara gatizIla hotA hai| nAdasaundarya aura pravAhakA nirvAha chandama

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rIti-sAhitya 239 hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataeva kavitAko eka sunizcita mArgapara le calneke lie jaina-sAhityakArone chanda-vyavasthA nirUpita kI hai| 19 vI zatIke uttarArdhame kavivara vRndAvanadAsane 100 prakArake chandoke banAnekI vidhi tathA chandazAsrakI Arambhika bAte bar3e sundara aura sarala Dhagase likhI hai| itanA sarala aura supAcya pigala-viSayakA anya anya avataka hameM nahIM prApta ho sakA hai| Arambhame hI laghu-guruke pahacAnanekI prakriyA batalAtA huA kavi kahatA hai laghukI rekhA sarala (1) hai, gurukI rekhA paMka (6) / ihi krama sau guru-laghu parakhi, paDhiyo chanda nizaMka // kahu~ kahu~ sukavi prabandha maha, laghuko guru kahi deta / guruhUko laghu kahata hai, samuzata sukavi suceta / AThoM gaNoM ke nAma, svAmI aura phalakA nirUpaNa eka hI savaiyemeM karate hue batAyA hai magana tiguru bhUlacchi lahAvata, nagana tilaghu sura zubha phala det| magana mAdi guru indu sujasa, laghu Adi magana jala vRddhi krt|| ragana madhya laghu, bhagina mRtyu, gurumadhya jagana ravi roga niket| sagana anta guru, vAyu bhramana vaganata laghU nava zUnya sameta // chandoMmeM mAtrika aura vArNika chandoMkA vicAra aneka bheda-prabhedI sahita vistArase kiyA gayA hai| lakSaNoke sAtha udAharaNa bhI kavine atyanta manoja diye hai| acaladhRta chandame 16 varNa mAne hai, isame 5 bhagaNa aura 1 laghu hotA hai / kavi kahatA hai karama bharama vaza bhamata jagata nita, sura-nara-pazu tana dharata amita tita / 1. sampAdaka jamanAlAla jaina sAhityaratna aura prakAzaka mAnyakheTa jaina saMsthAna, malakheDa (nijAma)

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana sakala athira lakhi paraveza parakRta, dharata ratana jina bhanita acaladhRta | isI prakAra gItA prakaraNa saptaka aura daNDaka prakaraName aneka ramaNIya udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM / kavikI isa racanAse chandazAstrakA jJAna prApta karaneme pAThakoko atyanta sahUliyata hogI / azokapuSpamaJjarI chanda, jisame 31 varNa eka guru eka laghukramase hote hai, kA kitanA sundara aura sarasa nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 240 kevalI jinezakI prabhAvanA aciMta miMta, kaMja pe raheM su bhantariccha pAda kaMna rI / aura viDAla mora vyAla vaira TAla TAla, bhUpa haiM jahA~ sumIna hai nicIta bhIti maMjarI // aMga-hIna aMga pAya, harpa so kahA na jAya, nainahIna naina pAya maMju kaMja vijarI // aura prAtihArthakI kathA kahA kahai suvRnda, thoka zokako harai azokapuSpamaMjarI // isI prakAra anagazekhara, jalaharana, manaharana Adi chandokA sodAharaNa lakSaNa 109 padya meM batalAyA gayA hai / hindI bhASAmeM jaina kaviyoMne chando- viSayaka aneka racanAe~ likhI haiM, iname kaI racanAe~ atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / kopa vipayaka hindI granthome mahAkavi banArasIdAsakI nAmamAlA, kesarakIrttikA nAmaratnAkara, vinayasAgarakI anekArthanAmamAlA aura cetanavidayakI Atama-bodhanAmamAlA kopa 1 prasiddha hai / banArasIdAsakI nAmamAlA' hindI bhASAkA zabdabhaNDAra bar3hAne ke 1. saMpAdaka jugalakizora mustAra, prakAzaka- vIra sevAmandira saraji0 sahAranapura / sAdhA,

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roti-sAhitya lie eka adbhuta kRti hai isame 350 vipayoke nAmoMkA dohoma sundara | sakalana kiyA gayA hai / nAmomeM saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraza bhApAke zabdokA bhI vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / kavine vipayArambha karate hue tIrtha| karake nAma likhe hai tIrthakara sarvajJa nina, bhavanAsana bhagavAna / puruSottama Agata sugata, saMkara parama sujAna // vuddha mArajita kevalI, vItarAga arihaMta / dharamadhurandhara pAragata, jagadIpaka jayavanta // yadyapi yaha kopa dhanajaya kavikI saMskRtanAmamAlAse bahuta kucha milatA-julatA hai, para usakA padyAnuvAda nahIM hai / aneka nAmome kavine anya saMskRta kopokI sahAyatA lI hai tathA apane zabdajJAna-dvArA aneka molki udbhAvanAe~ bhI kI hai| hindI mApAkA zabdamaNDAra isake dvArA pUrA kiyA jA sakatA hai| kavine jisa vastu ke nAmokA ullekha kiyA hai, usakA nAma Arambhame de diyA hai| koSakArakI yaha zailI Azubodhagamya hai, tathA isake dvArA vastu nAmoko avagata karaneme koI kaThinAI nahIM hotI hai / soneke nAmokA ullekha karatA huA kavi kahatA hai___hATaka hema hiraNya hari, kaMcana kanaka suvarNa / isI prakAra rajata, AbhUpaNa, vastra, vana, mUla, puSpa, senA, dhvajA Adi viSayokI nAmAvalIkA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / isa kopame kula 175 dohe hai / kozame kavine acamA, aDola, aMba, Ada, ATha, dhAna, khAri, cakavA, jayavata, jehara, jhaNDa, TADa, Dara, tapA, talAra, narama, patalI, peDha Adi dezI zabdokA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| maiyA bhagavatIdAsakI anekArthanAmamAlA bhI eka padyAtmaka koga hai, isameM eka zabdake anekAneka arthokA dohome sakalana kiyA gayA hai| isa kogameM tIna adhyAya hai, iname kramazaH 63, 122 aura 71 dohe hai|

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242 hindI-jaina sAhitya parizIlana yaha koga bhI hinTI-mApA-bhASiyoM ke lie atyanta upayogI haricanAgala marasa aura munTara hai / kavine tvayaM hI kahA hai- artha aneka ju nAmaka mAlA maniya vicAri" namUne ke lie gau aura sAraga gabdakaM paryAyavAcaM zanda nIce diye jAte hai go dhara go taru go disA go kiranA AkAsa / go indrI jala chanda puni go vAnI jana bhAsa // -go-gabda kurakaTu kAma kuraMgu kaSi kophu kuMbhu kodNdd| kaMnaru kamala kuThAra hala jhoDa kopu patridaMDu // karaTu karayukharu kamaTu kara kolAhala coru / kaMcanu kAku kapotu mahi kaMvala kalasara nA // khagunagu cAtigu daMga khalu kharu khodanau kudaalu| bhUdharu bhUruha bhuvanu magu mahu bhekta aru kAlu // menu mahiSu uttima purusu yu pArasa pApAnu / himunamu sasi sUraju salila bAraha aMga bkhaanu|| dIpa pu kAjalu padhanu meghu sabala saba muNg| kavi su bhagautI uccaI e kahiyata sAraMga // -sAraga

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pariziSTa parizIlita granthoMke katipaya pramukha grantha racayitAoMkA ati saMkSipta paricaya mahAkavi svayambhUdeva - mahAkavi svayambhUdevake pitAkA nAma mArutadeva aura mAtAkA nAma padminI thaa| inakA samaya IsvI san 770 hai | yaha gRhastha the, inakI do patniyA~ thI / ekakA nAma AdityAmvA aura dUsarIkA sAmiavvA thA / puSpadantake mahApurANakai TippaNase avagata hotA hai ki yaha 'ApulI saghIya' the / yaha pahale dhanaJjayake Azrita the, isa samaya inhoMne paumacariukI racanA kI thI / isake pazcAt inhone dhavalaDayAkA Azraya grahaNa kiyA thA aura isa samaya inhone 'riTuNemi - cariu' kA praNayana kiyA / svayambhUdeva ke aneka putra the, iname tribhuvanadeva bahuta prasiddha aura suyogya vidvAn the | yaha bacapana se hI pitAke samAna kavitA karane lage the / paumacariumeM batAyA gayA hai ki yadi tribhuvanadeva na hotA to pitAke kAvyoMkA, kula aura kavitvakA samuddhAra kauna karatA / anya vyakti jisa prakAra pitAke dhanakA uttarAdhikAra grahaNa karate haiM, usI prakAra tribhuvanane apane pitA ke sukavitvakA uttarAdhikAra liyA / svayambhUkA vaza hI kavi thA / inake pitA mArutadeva bhI acche kavi the / svayambhUne apane chandazAstrameM 'tahAya mAura devassa' kahakara unake eka dohekA udAharaNa svarUpameM ullekha kiyA hai / apabhraMza bhASAke isa mahAkavine paumacariu -- jaina rAmAyaNa aura rihaNemicariu ye do mahAkAvya evaM paddhar3isAbaddha, pancamI cariu ye do anya kAvya grantha race the | inake atirikta 'svayabhUcchandasa' nAmaka apabhrazakA chanda grantha tathA apabhraMzakA eka vyAkaraNa bhI likhA thA / yaha vyAkaraNa grantha upalabdha to nahI hai, para rAmAyaName nimna prakAra ullekha milatA hai| ! t

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana tAvacci ya sacchaMdobhamai avavyaMsa- macca-mAyaMgo | jAva Na sayaMbhu-vAyaraNa-aMkuzo paDhar3a // -- paumacariu 1-5 mahAkavi puSpadanta --- apabhraca bhASAkai mahAn kavi puSpadanta araar gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitAkA nAma kezavabhaTTa aura mAtAkA nAma mugdhAdevI thA / inake mAtA-pitA pahale zaiva the, phira jaina ho gaye the aura antameM jaina vidhike anusAra sanyAsa lekara zarIra tyAga kiyA thA / abhimAnamesa, abhimAnacihna, kAvyaratnAkara, kavikulatilaka, sarasvatI nilaya aura kavvapisala ( kAvyapizAca ) ye inakI upAdhiyoM thI / ina upAdhiyoMse pratIta hotA hai ki inakA svabhAva abhimAnI thA aura yaha apratima pratibhAzAlI mahAkavi the| yaha pahale kisI vIrarAya nAmaka rAnAke Azrayame the / vahA~ inhone kAvyaracanA bhI kI thI, parantu rAjAdvArA upekSita honepara vahA~se calakara kSINakAya mAnyakheTa aaye| vahA~ rASTrakUTanareza kRSNarAja (tRtIya) ke mantrI bharata ke Azramame rahane lage aura yahI para mahApurANakI racanA kI / inakI racanAose avagata hotA hai ki yaha vidagdha dArzanika, prakANDa siddhAntamamaMtra aura asAdhAraNa pratibhAzAlI kavi the / inakA samaya I0 san 959 mAnA jAtA hai / inakI nimna racanAe~ hai / tisaTTimahApurisaguNAkAra yA mahApurANa mahAkAvya aura NayakumAra cariu tathA jasaharu cariu khaNDakAvya hai / I mahAkavi vanArasIdAsa jainasAhityame hindI bhASAkA itanA bar3A anya kavi nahIM huA / inakA janma eka dhanI mAnI sambhrAnta parivArame huA thA / inake prapitAmaha ninadAsakA sAkA calatA thA, pitAmaha mUladAsa hindI aura phArasIke paMDita the aura yaha naravara ( mAlavA ) me vahA~ musalamAna navAbake modI hokara gaye the / inake mAtAmaha madanasiMha cinAliyA jaunapurake prasiddha jauharI the aura pitA khaDgasena kucha dinoMtaka bagAlake sultAna modIkhAke potadAra rahe the| inakA janma jaunapurame mAgha sudI 11 savat 1643 me huA thA / yaha zrImAla vaizya 244

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pariziSTa 245 the| yaha baDe hI pratibhAzAlI sudhAraka kavi the| zikSA sAmAnya prApta kI thI, para adbhuta pratibhA honeke kAraNa yaha acche kavi the| inhone caudaha varSakI avasthAma eka hajAra dohA caupAiyoMkA navarasa nAmaka anya banAyA thA, jise Age calakara, isa bhayase ki sasAra pathabhraSTa na ho, gomatImeM pravAhita kara diyA thaa| inake pitA mUltaH AgarA-nivAsI hI the tathA inheM bhI bahuta dino taka AgarA rahanA par3A thaa| usa samaya AgarA jaina vidvAnoMkA kendra thaa| inake sahayogiyoma paM0 rAmacandrajI, caturbhuja vairAgI, bhagavatIdAsajI, dharmadAsajI, kuMvarapAlajI aura jagajIvanarAmajI vizeSa ullekha yogya hai| ye sabhI kavi the| mahAkavi banArasIdAsakA santakavi sundaradAsase samparka thaa| batAyA gayA hai-"prasiddha jainakavi banArasIdAsake sAtha sundaradAsakI maitrI thI / sundaradAsa jaba Agare gaye the taba banArasIdAsake sAtha samparka huA thA / vanArasIdAsajI sundaradAsako yogyatA, kavitA aura yaugika camatkAroMse mugdha ho gaye the| tabhI itanI lApAyukta kaThase unhoMne prazasA kI thI / parantu vaise hI tyAgI aura medhAvI banArasIdAsajI bhI the| unake guNose sundaradAsajI prabhAvita ho gaye, isIse vaisI acchI prazasA unhoMne bhI kI thii|" mahAkavi banArasIdAsakA samparka mahAkavi tulasIdAsake sAtha bhI thaa| eka kivadantImeM kahA gayA hai ki kavi tulasIdAsane apanI rAmAyaNa banArasIdAsako dekhaneke lie dI thii| jaba mathurAse lauTakara tulasIdAsa AgarA Aye to banArasIdAsane rAmAyaNapara apanI sammati "virAjai rAmAyaNa ghaTa maahiiN| 'marmI hoya marma so jAnai mUrakha samajheM naahiiN|" ityAdi padyame likhakara dI thii| kahate hai isa sammatise prasanna hokara hI tulsIdAsane kucha padya bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI stutimeM likhe hai| ye padya zivanandana dvArA likhita gosvAmIjIkI jIvanImeM prakAzita haiN| inakI nimna racanAe~ haiM

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya- parizIlana 1. nAmamAlA - eka sau pacahattara dohoMkA choTA-sA zabdakopa | isakI sa0 1670 meM jaunapura racanA kI thI / 246 2. nATaka, samayasAra - yaha kavivarakI sabase prasiddha aura mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1693 me AgagameM kI gayI thii| 3. banArasI vilAsa -- imameM 57 phuTakara racanAe~ saMgrahIta hai / isakA saMkalana saMvat 1701 me paM0 jagajIvanane kiyA thA / - 1. arddhakathAnaka - isameM kavine apanI AtmakathA likhI hai / isameM saMvat 1698 takakI sabhI ghaTanAe~ dI gayI hai| bhaiyA bhagavanIdAsa - yaha AgarAke nivAsI the / osavAla jainI aura kaTariyA gotrake the | inake pitAkA nAma lAlajI thA aura dazaratha sAhU inake pitAmaha the | inake janmasaMvat evaM mRtyusaMvatkai sambandhame kucha patA nahIM hai| haoN inakI racanAoMma saMvat 1731 se 1755 takakA ullekha milatA hai / vi0 saM0 1711me hIrAnandajIna paMcAstikAyakA anuvAda kiyA thA, usameM unhoMne AgarAmeM eka bhagavatITAsa nAmaka vyaktike honekA ullekha kiyA hai / sambhavataH bhaiyA bhagavatIDhAsa hI ukta vyakti the / inhoMne kavitA meM apanA ullekha bhaiyA, bhavika aura dAsakizora upanAmoMse kiyA hai| inakI samasta racanAoM kA saMgraha brahmavi lAsa ke nAmase prakAzita hai| yaha vanArasIdAsake samAna adhyAtmarasika kavi the| inakI kavitAmaM prasAdaguNa evaM alaMkAra sarvatra pAye jAte haiN| urdU aura gujarAtI bhASAkA puTa bhI inakI racanAoM meM vidyamAna hai | thoDe zabdoM meM gahana artha aura pariSkRta bhAvanAokA nirUpaNa karanA inakI kavitAkI pramukha vizeSatA hai / sarasatA aura saralatA inake kAvyakA jIvana hai / brahmagulAla -- yaha padmAvatI puravAla jAtike the| yaha caMdavAra ( phirojAbAda, jilA AgarA ) ke pAsa TApU nAmaka grAmake nivAsI the / inakA prasiddha grantha kRpaNajagAvanacaritra hai / isa granthako prazattise avagata hotA hai ki kavivara brahmagulAlanI bhaTTAraka bagabhUpaNake ziSya the /

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- pariziSTa 247 TApU gaoNvake rAjA kIratasiha the, yahIpara dharmadAsajIke kulme mathurAmalla the| yaha brahmacaryakA pAlana karane meM prasiddha the / kavine inhIMke upadezase saguNa mArgakA nirUpaNa karaneke lie savat 1671me isa granthakI racanA kI thii| yaha acche kavi the / bhApApara inakA acchA adhikAra thA / Anandadhana yA dhanAnanda-yaha zvetAmbara sampradAyakai prasiddha santa kavi hai / yaha upAdhyAya yazovijayajIke samakAlIna the / yazovijayakA janma savat 1680 batAyA jAtA hai, ataH inakA kAla bhI vahI hai / hindImeM inakI 'AnandadhanabahattarI' nAmaka kavitA upalabdha hai, yaha rAmacandra kAvyamAlAmeM prakAzita hai| yaha AdhyAtmika kavi the / inakI racanAoMme samatArasa aura zAntirasakI dhArA avazya milatI hai| racanAe~ hRdayako sparza karatI haiN| yazovijaya yaha bhI dhvetAmbara sampradAyaka prasiddha AcArya hai| inakA janma saMvat 1680 aura mRtyu savat 1745 ke AsapAsa huI thii| yaha gujarAtake DamoI nAmaka nagarake nivAsI the / yaha nayavijayajIke ziSya the / saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAlI aura hindI bhASAme kavitA karate the| saMskRta bhASAme race gaye inake aneka grantha hai| yaha gujarAtI the, para vidyAbhyAsake silasilemeM inheM kAzI bhI rahanA par3A thaa| isI kAraNa yaha hindIme bhI uttama kavitA karate the| inake 75 padokA eka saMgraha 'jasavilAsa ke nAmase prakAzita hai| inakI kavitAma AjyAtmika mAvoMkI bahulatA hai| bhASA ADambara zUnya hai, para bhAva Uce hai| khemacanda-yaha tApagacchakI candrazAkhAke paNDita the / inake gurukA nAma mukticandra thaa| Apane nAgara dezame saMvat 1761 me 'guNamAlA caupaI athavA 'gajasihaguNamAlacarita'kI racanA kI hai| yaha grantha amItaka aprakAzita hai| isakI jo prati jainasiddhAnta bhavana ArAme surakSita usakA lipikAla saM0 1788 hai / inakI kavitAme varNanIkI vizeSatA hai| mApApara gujarAtIkA bahuta baDA pramAva hai| inakI anya racanAe~ azAta hai|

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254 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana bhUdharadAsa-kavivara bhUdharadAsa AgarAke nivAsI the| inakI jAti khaNDelavAla thii| inakA samaya anumAnataH 17 vI zatIkA antima bhAga yA 18 vI zatIkA prArambhika bhAga hai / inake dvArA racita pArzvapurANakI pratikA lipikAla 1754 hai, ata: yaha nizcita rUpase kahA jA sakatA hai ki inakA samaya 18 vIM zatIkA pUrvArddha hI sambhava hai| inakI kavitA uccakoTikI hotI hai| zrI premIjIne inakI kavitAke sambandhame likhA hai-"hindIke jaina sAhityameM pArzvapurANa hI eka aisA carita grantha hai, jisakI racanA uccazreNIkI hai, jo vAstavamai paDhane yogya hai aura jo kisI saMskRta prAkRta granthakA anuvAda karake nahI, kintu svatantra rUpama likhA gayA hai / inakI sabhI racanAoma kavitva hai| nimna tIna racanAe~ prasiddha hai-1--pAcapurANa (mahAkAvya)-isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA jIvana varNita hai / 2-jainazataka-yaha nItiviSayaka sundara racanA hai| isameM 107 kavitta, savaiyA, dohA aura chappaya haiM / 3-padasaMgraha isama 80 padokA saMkalana hai| dyAnatarAya-yaha kavi AgarAke nivAsI the| inakA janma agravAla jAtike goyala gotrameM huA thaa| inake pUrvaja lAlapurase Akara AgarAma basa gaye the| inake pitAmahakA nAma vIradAsa aura pitAkA nAma nyAmadAsa thA / inakA janma saMvat 1733 meM huA thA aura vivAha saMvat 1748 meM huA thaa| vivAhake samaya inakI avasthA 15 varSakI thii| usa samaya AgarAmeM mAnasiMhajIkI dharmazailI thii| kavi dyAnatarAyane usame lAma uThAyA thaa| kaviko pa0 vihArIdAsa aura pa0 mAnasihake dharmoMpadezase jainadharmake prati zraddhA utpanna huI thii| inhoMne saMvat 1777 me zrI sammedazikharakI yAtrA kI thii| inakA mahAn anya dharmavilAsake nAmase prasiddha hai| isa pranyame inakI samasta kavitAe~ saMgRhIta hai, yaha sakalana saMvat 1789 me kavine svayaM kiyA hai| isa sakalana meM 333 pada saMgrahIta hai, jo svayaM eka vRhadakAya granthakA rUpa le sakate haiN|

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pariziSTa pUjAoke atirikta 45 viSayopara inakI phuTakara kavitAe~ nIti aura upadezAtmaka adhika haiN| hai / vicAra aura bhAvanAe~ sulajhI huI haiN| citra dekhie 249 kavitAe~ haiM / inakI bhASApara urdU kA prabhAva sasArakA jItA-jAgatA rujagAra banai nAhi dhana tau na ghara mAhi khAnekI phikara bahu nAri cAhai gahanA / denevAle phiri jAhiM mile to udhAra nAhiM, sAjhI milai cora dhana bhAve nAhi lahanA / koka pUta jvArI bhayau ghara mAhiM suta thayau, eka pUta mari gayau tAko duHkha sahanA / putrI ghara loga bhaI vyAhI sutA jama laI, ete duHkha sukha jAnai tise kahA kahanA // vRndAvana - kavi vRndAvanakA janma zAhAvAda jileke bArA nAmaka gA~vame saMvat 1848 me huA thA / Apa goyalagotrIya agravAla the / kavike vazadhara bArA chor3akara kAzIme Akara rahane lage the / kavike pitAkA nAma dharmacandra thA / 12 varSakI avasthAme vRndAvana apane pitA ke sAtha kAzI Aye the / kAzIme yaha loga bAvara zahIdakI galImeM rahate the / vRndAvanakI mAtAkA nAma sitAbI aura strIkA nAma rukmiNI thA / inakI patnI bar3I dharmAtmA aura pativratA thI / inakI sasurAla bhI kAzIke ThaTherI bAjArameM thI / inake zvasura eka bar3e bhArI dhanika the| inake yahA~ usa samaya TakasAlAkA kAma hotA thaa| eka dina eka kirAnI agreja inake zvasurakI TakasAlA dekhaneke lie AyA / vRndAvana bhI usa samaya vahIM upasthita the / jaba usa kirAnI agrejane inake zvasurase kahA - "hama tumhArA kArakhAnA dekhanA cAhate haiM, ki usameM kaise sikke taiyAra hote hai / vRndAvanane usa aMgreja kirAnIko phaTakAra diyA aura use TakasAlA nahIM dikhlaayii| vaha aMgreja nArAja hotA huA vahA~se calA gayA / daivayogase kucha ' dinoMke uparAnta vahI agraja kirAnI kAzIkA kalakTara hokara AyA / usa samaya vRndAvana sarakArI khajAcIke padapara AsIna the / sAhaba bahAdurane prathama sAkSAtkAra ke anantara hI inheM pahacAna liyA aura maname badalA lenekI balavatI bhAvanA jAgRta huI / yadyapi kavivara apanA kArya bar3I ImAnadArI, saccAI aura kuzalatA se sampanna

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250 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana karate the, para jaba aphasara hI virodhI bana jAya, taba kitane dinoMtaka koI baca sakatA hai| AkhirakAra eka jAla banAkara sAhabane inhe tIna varpakI jelakI sajA de dii| inheM zAntipUrvaka usa agrenake atyAcAroko sahanA pdd'aa| kucha dinake uparAnta eka dina prAtaHkAla hI kalakTara sAhaba jelakA nirIkSaNa karane gye| vahA~ unhone kaviko jelakI eka koTharIme padmAsana lagAye nimna stuti paDhate hue dekhaa| 'he dInabandhu zrIpati krunnaanidhaanjii| aba merI vyathA kyoM na haro bAra kyA lgii|' isa stutiko banAte jAte the aura bhairavIme gAte jAte the| kavitA karanekI iname apUrva zakti thI, jinendradevake dhyAnameM magna hokara dhArA pravAha kavitA kara sakate the| ataeva sadA inake sAtha do lekhaka rahate the, bo inakI kavitAe~ lipivaddha kiyA karate the| parantu jelakI koTharIme akele hI dhyAna magna hokara bhagavAnkA cintana karate hue gAnemeM lIna the| inakI oNkhose oNsuokI dhArA pravAhita ho rahI thii| sAhaba bahuta derataka inakI isa dazAko dekhatA rahA / usane "khajAcI bAbU / khajAcI bAbU" kahakara kaI bAra pukArA; para kavikA dhyAna nahIM ttuuttaa| nidAna kalakTara sAhaba apane Aphisako lauTa gye| thor3I derame eka sipAhIke dvArA inako bulavAyA aura pUchA "tuma kyA gATA aura roTA thaa|" vRndAvanane uttara diyA-'apane bhagavAnse tumhAre atyAcArakI prArthanA karatA thaa| sAhabake anurodhase vRndAvanane punaH "he dInabandhu zrIpati" vinatI unheM sunAyI aura isakA artha bhI smjhaayaa| sAhaba bahuta prasanna huA aura isa ghaTanAke tIna dinake bAda hI kArAgRhase inheM mukta kara diyA gyaa| tabhIse ukta vinatI sakaTamocanastotrake nAmase prasiddha ho gayI hai / inake kArAgRhakI ghaTanAkA samarthana inakI kavitAse bhI hotA hai| "zrIpati mohi jAna jana apano, haro vidhana dukha dArida jela kahA jAtA hai ki rAjaghATapara phuTahI koThImeM eka gArDana sAhaba saudAgara rahate the| unakI eka bar3I bhArI dukAna thii| Apane kucha dina taka isa dukAnakI mainejarIkA bhI kArya kiyA thA / yaha anavarata kavitA racaneme lIna rahate the| jaba yaha jinamandira meM darzana karane jAte to prati

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pariziSTa 251 dina eka vinatI yA stuti racakara hI bhagavAnke darzana karate / inake sAtha devIdAsa nAmaka vyakti rahate the| inheM padmAvatI devIkA iSTa thaa| yaha zarIrase bhI bar3e balI the| bar3e-bar3e pahalavAna bhI inase bhayabhIta rahate the / inake jIvaname aneka camatkArI ghaTanAe~ ghaTI haiM / inake do putra the ajitadAsa aura zikharacada / ajitadAsakA vivAha ArAme bAbU munnIlAlanIkI suputrIse huA thA | ataH ajitadAsajI ArA hI Akara basa gye| yaha bhI pitAke samAna kavi the / inakI racanAe~ bhI upalabdha haiN| inake dvArA racita nimna anya hai--pravacanasAra, tIsa caubIsI pATha, caubIsI pATha, chandazataka, ahatyAsAkevalI aura vRndAvanavilAsa (phuTakara kavitAokA sakalana) inake dvArA racita eka jaina rAmAyaNa bhI hai jisakI adhUrI prati ArAkai eka sajjanake pAsa hai| vudhajana-inakA pUrA nAma viradhIcanda thA / yaha jayapurake nivAsI khaNDelavAla jaina the| yaha acche kavi the| inakA samaya anumAnataH unnIsavIM zatAbdIkA madhyabhAga hai / kavitA karanekI acchI pratimA thii| inake dvArA viracita nimna cAra anya upalabdha hai 1-tatvArthabodha (1871), 2-budhajanasatasaI (1881), paJcAstikAya (1891) aura budhananAvilAsa (1892) / inakI mApApara mAravAr3IkA prabhAva hai| kintu padoMkI bhApA tathA budhajana satasaIkI bhASA hindI hai| manaraMga-inakA pUrA nAma manaragalala hai| yaha kannaujake nivAsI pallIvAla the | inake pitAkA nAma kanaujIlAla aura mAtAkA nAma devakI thA / kannaujame gopAladAsajI nAmaka eka dharmAtmA sajjana nivAsa karate the| inake anurodhase hI inhone cauvIsIpAThakI racanA kI thii| isa prasiddha pAThakA racanAkAla saMvat 1857 hai| isake atirikta inake anya mI upalabdha haiM-nemicandrikA, satavyasana caritra, saptarSi pUjA eva zikharasammedAcalamAhAsya / zikharasammedAcalmAhAtmyakA racanAkAla savat 1889 hai|

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bha agaracanda nAhaTA abdula rahamAna amaya kavi abhayadeva sUri ambadeva Anandaghana Izvara sUra uttamacandra udayacandra udarAja ku~bara kuzAla kumArapAla kRSNadvaipAyana kesarakItti I ka anukramaNikA granthakAra evaM kavi 137 cetanavijaya 21 39 jagannAtharAya 21 jAyasI 41 jinadatta sUri niprabha sUri jinasAgara i 84, 127,181 41 | jinasiMha mUri jinasena 236 | nogharAna godiyA 235, 238 | jJAnavijaya 235 | jJAnasAra kavIradAsa 84,107,110,111, DAdarAma 112,127,199 39,40 129 taiva 238,240 240 | tribhuvanadeva 62 31,32,33 133 132 136 136 226,236 70 70 238 ti 236 | tulasIdAsa 31, 34, 35, 36, 107 121,122,123,127,100 182 69 21,43

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dAdU devaca bihArI daulatarAma 74, 78.91,07,90, | bhajana 108, 110,111,120, 181 205 dhanapAla dharmari grAnatarAya 89.10.196.481, 187.189,192 dhavala cAhi kavi nathamala nayanandi navalyAda padmakItti parimala kavi anukramaNikA Ke 107 / 69 na puSpadanta prasAda [ jAkara ] ya banArasIdAsa 70 4.48 68 bhAramala bhRdharadAsa 208,214,215,222, 225,228,240 bunTa vRndAvana 102,122,238,230 bAgulAla 1 majiaare { 61, 33 / bhagavAnadAsa 41,55 | bha~varalAla nAhaTA z bhAgacandra 21 20,37,43,54 127 bhoja 38 74,75,100, 116, 120,127,181 199 253 bha 22,74,78,80, manaragalAla 108,124,127,140, malUkadAsa 147,152,155,181, | mAilladhavala 57 22 232 137 74, 75,78, 9, 117,127 sa 41,43,79,87,89, 110,111,114,120, 127,181,195,223, 224 43 maiyA bhagavatIdAsa 57, 76,82, 84,140,157,165, 66 168, 173, 181,185 39 p 59 107 21

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254 mAnakavi mAnaziva mAlkavi mIrA mukha megharAja yazovijaya yogacandra nasena ravidAsa ya vartamAna sara vinayabhadra hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana 235 | vijayasari 235 vidyApati rahIma rAmasiMha muni rAmAnanda rAyamala rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 34, rupacanda 41 vinayacandra 107 | vinayasAgara 39 | vinayasUri 238 | vinodIlAla 86 zrIcandamuni :; 199 saeg 21 sevArAma 34 somaprabha 70 | svayambhU 347 22, 181 hemakavi hemacandra 21 * hemavijaya 41 hIrAlAla kavi 41 31, 115 41 40 OM 201 sAgaradatta 21 32 suradAsa 37, 38, 107, 115, 207 117, 118, 119, 121, 127 70 35, 182 21, 34, 35, 43 ha 21 238 24, 37, 28 22 67.

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a akSarabattIsI akSarabattIsikA aMjanAsundarIrAsA adhyAtma battIsI adhyAtma hiMDolanA anAdi battIsikA anitya paccIsI anUpa rasAla anekArtha nAmamAlA apabhraMzadarpaNa ardhakathAnaka A Atamabodha nAmamAlA AdinAtha purANa AdipurANa AnandavahattarI ArAdhanAkathAkoSa Azcarya caturdazI uttarapurANa granthoMkI anukramaNikA upadeza zataka upazama paccIsakA 21 181 185 kAvyaprakAza 222 235 kumArapAlapratibodha 39, 40, 53 240 kRpaNacarita 41, 53 32 kRpaNajagAvana kAvya 57 208 alakAracintAmaNi 226, 236 alkAra Azaya maMjarI 140 181 ai 53,55 | aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha 137 140, 181 ka 155 kathAkopa karmachattIsI 140, 181 ga 236 | gajasiMha guNamAla carita guNamajarI gurupadeza zrAvakAcAra 240 22 gautamarAsA 48 181 21, 70 candraprabhacarita 187 140 181 candrAloka cArudattacarita 48 | cetanakarmacaritra 64 181 181 22, 53 67 222 h 140, 157

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256 vandayakAdha chandaaara chandamAlikA indraghAtaka chahaDhAlA rahakATiyA hindI-jana-sAhitya parizIlana dharmaracIsI 238 ! dharmarahasyAvanI 238 darzanakathA 238 / nayatrakra 238, 239 / navarasa 181, 207, 207 | nAgakumAracarita 13, 14, 30 / nATaka paccIsI 140 140 o 40 130 59 53 / nATakamAra jambUcarita lambUlAmIcarita 21 / nAmamAlA jambUsvAmIrAmA 41, 53, 55 nAmnAkara jayatimutranagAyAntotra 21 | nizimolanakathA nasavilAsaMgraha jAyasInyAvalI lIvaracarita jainadyata jJAnapaccInI 150, 181 pa jJAnacAvanI 180,181,186,189 | pamacarita - rAmAyaNa 21,91, 30, 34, 34, 35, 36, 43 48 53 180, 169 41 2162 24 2? ta timahimahApurisaguNAlaMkAra 29,43, 48 140, 147 dhanyakumAracarita vadattacarita 86 nemicandrikA 33 neminAthapa 70 : nemirAArahamAsA 181 | nemivyAha pacamI carita paJcendriya maMgada padmapurANa 181 186 pa '50 : padminIcarita paramAtmachattIsa 53 / nAtmaprakAza 53 paramArthaka dohA 21 w //// dw// 3y(c) 21

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pArzvapurANa puNyAkhavakathAkoSa puNyapaccIsikA pUraNapacAsikA pradyumnacarita pravandhacintAmaNi baravai bAhubalI rAsa budhajana satasaI brahmavilAsa bhASAkavi rasamajarI anukramaNikA 41, 43, 50 | mahAbhArata 70 mAlApiMgala bhUdharapadasaMgraha bhUdharazataka bhojaprabandha bha bhavasindhu caturdazI bhaviSyadattacarita bhavisayattakahA 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36 ma madhubinduka caupAI manabattIsI malayacarita mallinAtha mahAkAvya mahApurANa " 181 mithyAtvavidhvasanacaturdazI 192 mokSa paiDI 70 39, 40 yazodhara caritra yogasAra 140 53 rAmacaritamAnasa 181, 199 | rAmAyaNa 82 rasamImAsA rasamajarI 140, 152 | ridvamicariu 70 | revantagirirAsA lakhapatabayasindhu 235 | laghupiMgala 87 laghusItAstu 194, 195 | lalitAgacaritra 39, 41 ya varddhamAna carita" 140, 173 | vivekavIsI, 140, 181 | vaidyaviraNi prabandha vairasAmicariu 70 43 vairAgyapaMcA 21, 37 | vyasanatyAgaSor3aza 129 238 140 140, 181 41, 53, 54 21 " A 257 d 31,35,36 24 232 222 43 41, 53 236 238 57 41,53 181 235 29 1 181 181 - Pyasa

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258 vyohArapaccIsI zataaSTottarI zAntinAthapurANa zivapaccIsI zikSAvalI zITakathA zrRMgAra tilaka zrI pAlacarita zreNika carita sajjanaguNadAka sandezarAsaka za saptakSetra sA saptanyasanacarita samyaktvakaumudI siddhacaturdazI hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana 181, 190 | sukhabattIsI 181 mudarzanacaritra 43, 48, 49, 70 181 21 181, 182 140-181 181 svAyattIsI 140 70 solahatithi 140 222 saMghapatisamarArAsA 22, 41, 53 235 140, 181 34 165 | muvodhapaMcAsikA 70 sulasAkhyAna sUktimuktAvalI 41, 66 | sayogadvAtriMzikA 22, 41 | svanatratIsI svayambhUrAmAyaNa 181 21 22, 41 | hanumaccarita 70 70 harivaMzacarita kRSNacarita 29, 30 21,41,43 4 70 harivaMzapurANa 140 | hindI kAvyadhArA

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*OROOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. jJAnapIThaka surucipUrNa hindI prakAzana zrI ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya zrI harivaMzarAya vaJcana zero-zAyarI [dvi0 sa0] 0 milanayAminI [gIta] 4) zero-sukhana [pA~cauMmAga] 20 zrI anUpa zarmA jaina-jAgaraNake agradUta / varddhamAna mahAkAvya] gahare pAnI paiTha 200/ zrI rAmagovinda trivedI jina khojA tina pAiyA~ 22) vaidika sAhitya zrI kanhaiyAlAla mizra prabhAkara zrI nemicandra jyotipAcArya AkAzake tAre dharatIke phuulr)| bhAratIya jyotiSa jindagI musakarAI hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana ) zrI muni kAntisAgara zrI nArAyaNaprasAda jaina khaNDaharokA vaibhava. 6) jJAnagagA sUktiyoM) 6) khojakI pagaDaNDiyA 4) zrImatI zAnti ema0 e. DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA . ____ paJcapradIpa [gIta __ rajataradima nATaka] zrI 'tanmaya' bukhAriyA zrI viSNu prabhAkara mere vApU[kavitA] sagharpake bAda kahAnI] 3) zrI baijanAthasiMha vinoda dvivedI-patrAvalI ) zrI rAjendra yAdava zrI bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya ___ khela-khilaune [kahAnI] || kAlidAsakA mArata [1-2]8) zrI madhukara zrI girijAkumAra mAthura __bhAratIya vicAradhArA 2) dhUpake dhAna 3) zrI rASI | zrI siddhanAthakumAra ema. e. pahalA kahAnIkAra 2 reDiyo nATya zilpa | zrI lakSmIzaMkara vyAsa zrI vanArasIdAsa caturvedI caulukya kumArapAla hamAre ArAdhya sasmaraNa zrI sampUrNAnanda rekhAcitra hindU vivAhameM kanyA- pro. rAmasvarUpa caturvedI dAnakA sthAna ) zaratke nArIpAtra 4) CONNOIOPORONOIOROLOROPORON ee eee mma

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*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0401010101010 jJAnapITha ke mahattvapUrNa sAMskRtika prakAzana paM0 sumeracandra divAkara mahAbandha [1] jaina zAsana [ dvi0sa0] paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI mahAbandha [2,3,4 ] sarvArthasiddhi paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya 12) 3) 16) tatvArthavRtti tatvArtharAjavArtika [1] 12 ) nyAyavinizvaya vivaraNa [bhAga 1-2 ] 30) AdipurANa [bhAga 1] AdipurANa [bhAga 2] 33) 12) paM0 pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya uttarapurANa dharmazarmAbhyudaya 20 J 10) 10) 3) paM0 hIrAlAla zAstrI, nyAyatIrtha vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra jina sahasranAma paM0 rAjakumAra jaina sAhityAcArya p 4) 8) 4] madanaparAjaya adhyAtma- padAvalI paM0 nemicandra jaina jyotiSAcArya kevalajJAna praznacUDAmaNi 4) paM0 ke0 bhujavalI zAstrI kannaDaprAntIya tADapatrIya granthasUcI pro0 haridAmodara velaNakara sabhApya ratnamaMjUSA paM0 zambhunAtha tripAThI nAmamAlA [samApya ] 3 / / pro0 e0 cakravartI 8) samayasAra [agrejI ] frokurala [ tAmila lipi ] 5) pro0 praphullakumAra modI karalakkhaNa [dvi0 sa0] m} 1 zrI bhikSu dharmarakSita ranger [pAlI ] zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina 13) chu hindI jainasAhityakA sakSipta itihAsa zrImatI ramArAnI jaina 21 = } 3 // Adhunika jainakavi paM0 gulAbacandra vyAkaraNAcArya purANasArasagraha [bhAga1-2] 4) paM0 zobhAcandra bhArieka kundakundAcAryake tIna rana 2/ zrI vIrendrakumAra ema0 e0 muktidUta [ upanyAsa ] p 40101010404040404040*0*0*0*0*

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