Jain aur Bauddh Bhikshuni Sangh

Author(s): Arun Pratap Sinh
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002086/1

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2807 sampAdaka-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 33 jaina aura bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha (eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ) lekhaka DA~0 aruNa pratApa siMha pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5 Jain Education treatment

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 35 sampAdaka-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha (eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ) lekhaka DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5

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kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha-prabandha prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa vArANasI-221005 prakAzana varSa : 1986 saMskaraNa : prathama prApti-sthAna : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa vArANasI-221005 mUlya : sattara rupaye mudraka : mahAvIra presa bhelUpura, vArANasI

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bhUmikA bhAratIya saMskRti kI zramaNa paramparA saMnyAsa mArga kI samarthaka hai| kintu saMnyAsa ke kSetra meM praveza karane kA puruSoM ke samAna striyoM kA bhI adhikAra hai yA nahIM yaha prazna vivAdAspada ho rahA hai / vaidika paramparA meM kalikAla meM strI ke lie saMnyAsa ko vayaM kahakara use pravajita hone se rokA gyaa| yadyapi bhAratIya saMskRti ke prAcInatama granthoM veda, upaniSad Adi meM saMnyAsiniyoM ke yatra-tatra kucha sandarbha avazya upalabdha haiM phira bhI yaha eka spaSTa tathya hai ki vaidika dhArA meM nArI jAti ko saMnyAsa-mArga meM praviSTa hone se rokA hI gayA / zramaNa paramparA meM bhagavAna buddha jaisA mahAn vyaktitva bhI nArI jAti ko saMgha meM sasaMkoca hI praveza de paayaa| yadyapi jaina Agamika srotoM se hameM yaha patA lagatA hai ki zramaNa dhArA kI nirgrantha paramparA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake pUrva bhagavAn pArzva ne nArI-jAti ko unmukta bhAva se saMgha meM praveza diyA / aitihAsika AdhAroM para yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki pArzva ke samaya meM eka suvyavasthita bhikSuNI saMgha kA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| yadyapi paramparAgata dRSTi se jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM evaM buddhoM ke saMgha meM bhI bhikSuNI varga kI upasthiti kI parikalpanA kI gaI hai| vastutaH nArI-jAti ko pravrajita hone se rokane ke do kAraNa the / prathama to yaha ki puruSa sadeva se strI ko eka bhogyA ke rUpa meM dekhatA rahA aura isI kAraNa use svatantra jIvana jIne ke lie sahamata nahIM ho skaa| isakA dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki nArI-jAti ke saMgha-praveza se zramaNa varga ke cAritrika skhalana kI sambhAvanAyeM adhika bar3ha jAtI thiiN| buddha kA bhikSuNI saMgha ke nirmANa meM jo saMkoca thA usakA mUla kAraNa yahI thaa| kintu dUsarI ora aisI aneka vivazatAyeM bhI thIM jinake kAraNa ina dharmazAstAoM ko bhikSuNI saMgha kA nirmANa karanA hI par3A / pati ke pravajita hone para athavA pati evaM putra kI mRtyu ho jAne para nArI ko sammAnapUrNa jIvana jIne ke lie bhikSuNI bananA ekamAtra vikalpa thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki bhikSu saMgha kI apekSA bhikSuNI saMgha ko sadasya saMkhyA meM sadeva abhivRddhi hotI rhii|

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zodha ke kSetra meM bhikSu saMgha para svataMtra rUpa se evaM tulanAtmakarUpa se kucha hI kArya hue haiM kintu bhikSuNI saMgha ke sambandha meM koI bhI svatantra adhyayana nahIM hue haiN| yadyapi jaina, bauddha evaM hindU paramparA meM nArI jAti kI sthiti ko lekara pUrva meM kucha zodhakArya hue haiM kintu jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha para svatantra rUpa se evaM tulanAtmaka rUpa se koI bhI kArya nahIM huA hai| DA0 aruNa pratApa siMha ne isa viSaya para tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA hai| Aja unakI isa kRti ko prakAzita rUpa meM dekhakara nizcaya hI ati prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai| DA0 aruNa pratApa siMha prArambha se hI eka medhAvI chAtra rahe haiM unhoMne apane isa adhyayana ko pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai aura yathAsambhava apane adhyayana ko jaina aura bauddha paramparA ke Agama granthoM para AdhArita kiyA hai| sAtha hI niSpakSa bhAva se yaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki zodha ke kSetra meM unakA yaha prayAsa smaraNIya rhegaa| dalasukha mAlavaNiyA - bhU0 pU0 nidezaka lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira ahamadAbAda

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prakAzakIya jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha nAmaka prastuta grantha pAThakoM ke karakamaloM meM prastuta karate hue hameM atIva prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai| prastuta kRti DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha ke uparyukta viSaya para likhe gaye zodha-prabandha kA saMzodhita evaM parivardhita rUpa hai| DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke nyUkema zodha chAtra rahe haiM aura unheM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI dvArA san 1982-83 meM pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gii| DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha vartamAna meM bhI saMsthAna ke saha zodha-adhikArI ke rUpa meM kAryarata haiN| unake adhyayana ke isa pratiphala ko Aja prakAzita karate hue hameM parama pramoda kA anubhava ho rahA hai| ___ bhAratIya AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM tathA bhAratIya dharmoM, vizeSakara zramaNa paramparA ke dharmoM ke vikAsa meM nArI jAti kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| jaina evaM bauddha dharma ke bhikSuNI-saMghoM ne ina dharmoM ke unnayana tathA vikAsa meM jo bhUmikA prastuta kI hai, vaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai, kintu hamArA durbhAgya yaha rahA ki puruSa pradhAna saMskRti ke kAraNa hamezA nArI jAti ke yogadAnoM kA samyak mUlyAMkana nahIM kiyA jAtA rahA / isIlie Aja jahA~ bhikSu-saMgha kA kisI sImA taka vistRta evaM vyavasthita itihAsa milatA hai, vahIM bhikSuNI-saMgha kA itihAsa Aja bhI aMdhakAra se AvRtta hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, apitu unake AcAra evaM vyavahAra ke jo niyama prastuta kiye gaye haiM, una para bhI samIkSAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se gambhIra cintana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha kI isa prastuta kRti meM jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMghoM ke AcAra-niyamoM kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta hai| pAThakoM ko yaha jAnakara bhI prasannatA hogI ki ve donoM bhikSuNI-saMghoM ke aitihAsika vivaraNoM ko bhI saMkalita kara rahe haiM aura zIghra hI isI krama meM unakI eka anya prati prakAzita hogii| jaina paramparA kA samagra itihAsa isa bAta ko bahata spaSTa rUpa se sUcita karatA hai ki jaina saMgha meM bhikSuoM kI apekSA bhikSaNiyoM kI saMkhyA sadaiva adhika rahI hai| Aja bhI jaina paramparA meM muniyoM kI apekSA

Page #7
sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA na kevala adhika hai, apitu unakA caritra-bala, unakI jJAna-sAdhanA aura upAsakoM para unakA vyApaka prabhAva hai / -4 hameM AzA hai ki isa kRti ke mAdhyama se pAThaka varga jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI saMghoM ke na kevala AcAra-niyamoM ko samajhegA apitu unake mahattva kA bhI mUlyAMkana karegA tathA donoM paramparA ke AcAra-niyamoM ko nikaTatA se jAna sakegA / prastuta pustaka ke prakAzana meM AdaraNIya zrI navalamala jI phirodiyA dvArA prApta dhanarAzi kA viniyoga kiyA gayA hai| AdaraNIya phirodiyA jI kA saMsthAna ke vikAsa meM ruci hai aura unhoMne jaba yaha grantha nirmANa kI prakriyA meM thA, tabhI 10,000 rupaye kI eka rAzi prakAzana kArya hetu dI thI / saMsthAna isake lie unakA evaM unake TrasTa ke nyAsI maNDala kA AbhArI hai / DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha ne na kevala prastuta kRti kA praNayana hI kiyA hai, apitu usake prakAzana, prUpha - saMzodhana Adi ko bhI ruci lekara pUrA kiyA hai, ataeva saMsthA unake prati AbhArI hai / hama mahAvIra presa aura usake saMcAlaka zrI bAbUlAla jI phAgulla evaM zrI rAjakumAra jI jaina ke bhI AbhArI haiM jinhoMne prastuta kRti ke sundara evaM kalApUrNa mudraNa kArya ko pUrNa kiyA hai / bhUpendra nAtha jaina mantrI DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina nidezaka sohanalAla jaina dharmaM prasAraka samiti pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna pharIdAbAda vArANasI - 5

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prAkkathana prAcInakAla se hI bhAratavarSa meM do mukhya dhArAe~ rahI haiM-pravRttimArgI dhArA tathA nivRttimArgI dhArA / yaha nivRttimArgI dhArA hI zramaNaparamparA ke rUpa meM vikasita huI / gRha-tyAga kara saMnyAsa dharma kA pAlana karanA zramaNa-paramparA kI mukhya vizeSatA rahI hai| jaina evaM bauddha dharma zramaNa-paramparA ke mukhya nirvAhaka rahe haiN| ina donoM dharmoM meM vyavasthA ke lie saMgha ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA thA-(1) bhikSu-saMgha, (2) bhikSuNI-saMgha, (3) zrAvaka-saMgha (upAsaka-saMgha), (4) zrAvikA-saMgha (upAsikA-saMgha) / inameM bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI-saMgha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa the, kyoMki ye zramaNa-paramparA ke AdhAra stambha the| donoM dharmoM meM adhikAMza niyamoM evaM upaniyamoM kA nirmANa bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke lie kiyA gayA thaa| prastuta prabandha meM bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita AcAra-vyavahAra ke niyamoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA haiN| yadyapi jaina evaM bauddha dharmoM meM AcAra sambandhI aneka granthoM kI racanA kI gayI, parantu bauddha dharma ke theravAdI nikAya ke bhikkhunI-pAtimokkha tathA mahAsAMghika nikAya ke bhikSuNI-vinaya ke atirikta koI bhI svatantra grantha bhikSuNiyoM kI saMgha evaM AcAra-vyavasthA para nahIM likhA gayA / anya bauddha grantha yathA-mahAvagga, cullavagga tathA nikAya sAhitya meM yatra-tatra hI bhikSaNiyoM ke AcAra-niyamoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| jaina sAhitya meM bhI bhikSaNiyoM se sambandhita koI svatantra grantha nahIM hai| AcArAMga, sthAnAMga, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazAzrutaskandha, bahatkalpa sUtra, vyavahAra sUtra, nizItha sUtra tathA inake vyAkhyA evaM TIkA granthoM meM jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke AcAra se sambandhita niyama bikhare huye prApta hote haiN| zramaNa-paramparA se sambandhita Adhunika kAla meM bhI aneka pustakeM prakAza meM AyI haiM parantu ina granthoM meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM athavA unake saMgha kA varNana atyanta sImita mAtrA meM kiyA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM kucha pustakeM draSTavya haiM-"kAnTrIbyUzana TU da hisTrI oNpha brAhmanikala eskeTisijma" (haradatta zarmA), eskeTisijma ina ensenTa iNDiyA (haripada

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cakraborti), arlI buddhisTa monAsijma (sukumAra datta), arlI monAsTika buddhijma (nalinAkSa datta) Adi pustakeM atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM jinameM zramaNa paramparA kA eka samyak citra upasthita hotA hai, parantu ina pustakoM meM bhikSaNiyoM evaM unake saMgha ke niyamoM kA varNana atyanta alpa haA hai| isI prakAra hisTrI oNpha jaina monAsijma (esa0 bI0 deva) meM vidvAn lekhaka ne zramaNa-paramparA ke udgama ko dikhAte huye jaina bhikSuoM ke AcAra sambandhI niyamoM kI vistRta vivecanA kI hai sAtha hI jaina bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita niyamoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai, parantu yaha varNana saMkSipta hai jisase jaina bhikSaNiyoM kA eka spaSTa citra upasthita nahIM hotA / vImena aNDara primiTiva buddhijma (AI0 bI0 hArnara) tathA vimena ina buddhisTa liTaracara (bI0 sI0 lA) pustakeM kevala bauddha bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita haiN| kisI bhI pustaka meM jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke AcAra-niyamoM kI tulanA kA koI gambhIra prayAsa nahIM kiyA gayA / yaha Avazyaka thA ki lagabhaga eka hI kAla meM vikasita tathA eka hI zramaNaparamparA se sambandhita ina do mahattvapUrNa bhikSuNI-saMghoM ke AcAra niyamoM kA tulanAtmaka rUpa se vivecana kiyA jaaye| prastuta zodha-prabandha meM donoM dharmoM ke bhikSuNo-saMghoM kA eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| unake saMnyasta jIvana ke pratyeka pakSa para donoM dharmoM kI dRSTi se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isa adhyayana meM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke sandarbha meM gustava rAtha dvArA sampAdita mahAsAMghika bhikSuNI-vinaya kA pracara upayoga kiyA gayA hai| theravAdI tathA mahAsAMghika nikAya ke niyamoM kI tulanA se hama bauddha bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita mUla niyamoM kI jAnakArI prApta kara sakate haiN| isa dRSTi se isa pustaka kA abhI taka kisI ne upayoga nahIM kiyA thA / prastuta zodha-prabandha meM sAhityika sAkSyoM ke atirikta Abhilekhika sAkSyoM kA bhI bahulatA se upayoga huA hai| deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se prApta ina abhilekhoM kI sahAyatA se jaina tathA bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ke prasAra ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandhoM para bhI sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAmagrI ke adhyayana se pracura prakAza par3atA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha nau adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM isa bAta kA vivecana hai ! ki mahAvIra evaM buddha ke yuga ke pUrva kisI prakAra ke bhikSuNI-saMgha kA astitva thA yA nahIM ? jaina

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evaM bauddha granthoM ke atirikta brAhmaNa granthoM yathA - veda, upaniSad, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi meM vanoM meM nivAsa karane vAlI saMnyAsIniyoM ke ullekha haiM kintu kisI prakAra ke bhikSuNI saMgha kA astitva nahIM milatA / jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kA vivecana bhI isI adhyAya meM hai / bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza ko kyA yogyatAe~ thIM tathA nAriyoM ke bhikSuNI ( saMnyAsinI) banane ke kyA kAraNa the- donoM saMghoM ke sandarbha meM isakA tulanAtmaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra evaM vastra sambandhI niyamoM kI carcA kI gayI hai / tRtIya adhyAya meM yAtrA evaM vihAra ( upAzraya) sambandhI niyamoM kA varNana hai / isI adhyAya meM varSAvAsa sambandhI niyamoM kA bhI ullekha hai / caturtha adhyAya meM bhikSuNiyoM ke dainika kRtyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / paMcama adhyAya meM bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyamoM kA vivecana hai / SaSThama adhyAya meM saMgaThanAtmaka evaM daNDa prakriyA sambandhI niyamoM kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai / sarvaprathama jaina bhikSuNI saMgha evaM bauddha bhikSuNI - saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, tatpazcAt bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita daNDa prakriyA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / anta meM donoM saMghoM ke niyamoM kI samAnatA tathA antara ko spaSTa karate hue unakI vivecanA kI gaI hai | saptama adhyAya meM bhikSuNiyoM tathA bhikSuoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM kA citraNa hai / aSTama adhyAya jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ke vikAsa evaM bhikSuNiyoM kI sAmAjika sthiti se sambandhita hai / sarvaprathama jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNIsaMgha ke prasAra kI rUpa-rekhA prastuta kI gaI hai| isameM abhilekhoM ke mAdhyama se bhI jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ke prasAra ko dikhAne kI ceSTA kI gaI hai / isI sandarbha meM bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ke patana sambandhI kAraNoM kI bhI vivecanA kI gaI hai / navama adhyAya upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM hai / isa adhyAya meM bhikSuNI - saMgha ke sAmAjika mahattva ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai tathA isa tathya kI vivecanA kI gaI hai ki tatkAlIna yuga meM bhikSuNI saMgha kI kyA upayogitA thI tathA usakA aitihAsika mahattva kyA thA / prastuta zodha-prabandha ko pUrNa karAne kA zreya AdaraNIya guru DaoN0

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mahezvarI prasAda, rIDara, prA0 bhA0 i0 saM0 evaM purA0 vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, tathA DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ko hai, jinakA maiM kRtajJa evaM RNI huuN| gurudvaya ke utsAhajanaka, vAtsalyapUrNa tathA vidvatApUrNa nirdezana meM yaha zodhaprabandha yathAsamaya meM pUrNa ho sakA hai| __ maiM DaoN0 esa0 bI0 deva, DAirekTara, Dekana kAleja, posTa grejueTa eNDa risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA, kA bhI RNI huuN| unhoMne jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita pratyeka niyamoM kI sAtha-sAtha hI tulanA karane kI salAha dI thI jisase yaha zodha-prabandha adhika mahattvapUrNa ho sakA hai| ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ke mere AdaraNIya guru pro0 jI0 Ara0 zarmA, pro0 je0 esa0 negI, pro0 bI0 ena0 esa0 yAdava kA maiM hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ jinake zubhAzIrvAdoM ke phalasvarUpa yaha zodha-prabandha pUrNa ho sakA hai| DaoN0 mArUti nandana prasAda tivArI, rIDara, kalA itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, DaoN0 harihara siMha, vyAkhyAtA, sAndhya kAleja, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, kA maiM AbhArI hU~ jinase samayasamaya para bahumUlya sujhAva tathA protsAhana milatA rhaa| __sayAjIrAva gAyakavAr3a pustakAlaya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya tathA zatAvadhAnI ratnacandra pustakAlaya, pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ke adhikAriyoM kA maiM kRtajJa haiM jinhoMne pUstake upalabdha karAne meM pratyeka prakAra se sahayoga diyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna dvArA zodha chAtravRtti tathA AvAsIya suvidhA prApta huI, isake lie saMsthAna ke mAnanIya saMcAlakoM evaM karmacAriyoM kA maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| ___ maiM apane mitroM DaoN0 bhikhArIrAma yAdava, DaoN. ravizaMkara mizra, zrI ravIndra nAtha mizra, zrI azoka kumAra siMha, ajayakumAra siMha, kA bhI atyanta AbhArI hU~ jinase sarvadA protsAhana milatA rahA hai / anta meM, mAtA-pitA evaM patnI zrImatI nirmalA siMha ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA maiM apanA kartavya samajhatA hU~ jinhoMne pArivArika dAyitvoM se mukta rakhakara mujhe vidyA-upAsanA kA avasara diyaa| ___ grantha-mudraNa kA kArya varddhamAna mudraNAlaya ne sampanna kiyA hai-ataH unake prati bhI maiM apanA dhanyavAda jJApana karatA huuN| basaMtapaMcamI aruNa pratApa siMha dinAMka 14-2-86

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viSaya-sUcI prathama adhyAya jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA vaidika kAla meM zramaNa-paramparA evaM striyA~ (1); upaniSatkAla meM zramaNa-paramparA evaM striyA~ (3); rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhAratakAla meM saMnyAsinI (4); jaina dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA (6); bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA (7); tulanA (12); jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNI banane ke kAraNa (12); bauddha saMgha meM bhikSuNI banane ke kAraNa (15); tulanA (18); bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogyatAe~ (19); jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogyatA (19); bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogyatA (20); tulanA (22); pravrajyA aura Ayu (23); jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza ke samaya Ayu (23); bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza ke samaya Ayu (24) dIkSA-vidhi (25); jaina bhikSuNIsaMgha meM dokSA-vidhi (25); bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM dIkSA-vidhi (26); tulanA (30) ! dvitIya adhyAya AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama 32-60 __ jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra sambandhI niyama (32); AhAra sambandhI doSa (34); udgama ke 16 doSa (35); utpAdana ke 16 doSa (35); eSaNA ke 10 doSa (36); paribhoga ke 5 doSa (36); digambara jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra sambandhI niyama (38); bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra sambandhI niyama (39); bhojana ke lie baiThane kA niyama (43); tulanA (43); vastra sambandhI niyama (44); jaina bhikSuNI ke vastra sambandhI niyama (44); upayukta vastra (45); vastroM kI saMkhyA (46); zarIra ke nicale bhAga vAle vastra (47); zarIra ke UparI bhAga vAle vastra (47); vastra-gaveSaNA sambandhI niyama (48); vastra kA raMga (50); jaina bhikSuNI kI anya Avazyaka vastue~ (51);

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digambara bhikSuNI ke vastra sambandhI niyama (52); digambara bhikSaNI kI anya Avazyaka vastue~ (52); bauddha bhikSuNI ke vastra sambandhI niyama (53); upayukta vastra (53); vastra kI saMkhyA (53); anupayukta vastra (55); vastra-gaveSaNA sambandhI niyama (55); saMgha meM covara-pradAna karane kI vidhi (56; cIvarakAla (56); vastra kA raMga (57); vastra kI svacchatA (58); bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI anya Avazyaka vastueM (58); tulanA (59) / tRtIya adhyAya yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama 61-85 yAtrA sambandhI niyama (61); jaina bhikSuNI ke yAtrA sambandhI niyama (61); yAtrA-patha (62); parivahana (nAva Adi) kA upayoga (64); digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke yAtrA sambandhI niyama ( 5), bauddha bhikSuNo ke yAtrA sambandhI niyama (65); tulanA (66); jaina bhikSuNI ke varSAvAsa sambandhI niyama (67); digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke varSAvAsa sambandhI niyama (68); bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke varSAvAsa sambandho niyama (68); pravAraNA ke kAraNa niSedha (69); uposatha ke kAraNa niSedha (69); tulanA (70); bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke uposatha kA vidhAna (70); uvAda (74); ovAda-thApana (76) upadeza kA anupayukta samaya (77); bauddha bhikSaNiyoM ke pravAraNA sambandhI niyama (77); pravAraNA ko tithi (78); pravAraNA ko vidhi (78); AvAsa (vihAra) sambandhI niyama (79); jaina bhikSuNI-vihAra (upAzraya) (79); digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke upAzraya sambandhI niyama (81); bauddha bhikSuNI-vihAra (82); tulanA (85) / caturtha adhyAya jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA 86-106 jaina bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA (86'; SaDAvazyaka (87); pratilekhana (88); AlocanA (89); dhyAna (90); bhikSA-gaveSaNA (91); svAdhyAya (91); adhyayana kI vidhi (92;); adhyayana kA uddezya (93); adhyApana karanA (93); anadhyAya kAla

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(94); tapa (95); digambara bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA (95); jaina bhikSuNI ke mRtaka saMskAra-saMlekhanA (96); bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA (98); adhyayana (98); upadeza evaM adhyApana (100); dhyAna tathA samAdhi (101); dhyAna ke sthala (104); bauddha bhikSuNI ke mRtaka saMskAra (105); tulanA (105) / paMcama adhyAya bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama 107-126 jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama (107); digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama (115); bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama (116); tulanA (125) / SaSTha adhyAya saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa prakriyA 127-180 __jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA (127); kSullikA (128); bhikSuNI (128); sthavirA (129); abhiSekA (129); pravattinI (129); gaNAvacchedinI (130); gaNinI (131); mahattarikA (132); digambara jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA (133); bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA (135); dhAmaNerI (136); zikSamANA (137); bhikSuNI (138); therI (139); pratinI-upAdhyAyinI yA upAdhyAyA (139); tulanA (141); jaina saMgha meM daNDa-prakriyA (141); prAyazcitta ke mukhya 10 bheda (142); bauddha saMgha meM daNDa-prakriyA (144); daNDa ke prakAra (145); pArAjika (146); saMghAdisesa (147); mAnatta (150); thullaccaya (152); pAcittiya (152); nissaggiya pAcittiya (164); pATidesanIya (167); dukkaTa (168); dubbhAsita (169); maithuna sambandhI aparAdha (169); hiMsA sambandhI aparAdha (171); corI sambandhI aparAdha (171); niyama evaM saMgha sambandhI aparAdha (172); AhAra sambandhI aparAdha (174); vastra sambandhI aparAdha (176); svAdhyAya sambandhI aparAdha (177); tulanA

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-12 saptama adhyAya bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti 181-199 jaina dharma meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti (181); samparka ke avasara (184); digambara sampradAya meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti (189); bauddha saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti (191); samparka ke avasara (192); tulanA (198) / aSTama adhyAya bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM sthiti 200-218 jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hrAsa (200); bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hrAsa (205); uttara bhArata meM prasAra (206); pazcima bhArata meM prasAra (209); dakSiNa bhArata meM prasAra (209); bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA hrAsa (212); navama adhyAya upasaMhAra 219-222 pariziSTa-a sAhitya evaM abhilekhoM meM ullikhita jaina bhikSuNiyA~ 223-228 pariziSTa-ba sAhitya evaM abhilekhoM meM ullikhita bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ 229-240 anukramaNikA 241 pustaka-sUcI

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jai si rUveNa veMsamaNo, lalieNa nalakUbaro tahA vi te na icchAmi, jai si sakkhaM puradaMro uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 2241 itthibhAvo no ki kayirA cittamhi sukhamAhite trANamhi vattamAnamha sammA dhammaM vipassato therIgAthA, gAthA, 61

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jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha

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prathama adhyAya jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA bhAratavarSa meM atyanta prAcIna kAla se hI zramaNa paramparA ke astitva ke saMketa prApta hote haiM / mahAvIra evaM buddha ke pUrva na kevala zramaNa paramparA kA astitva thA, apitu usameM striyA~ bhI dIkSita hotI thIM, yadyapi usa yuga meM striyoM ke dIkSita hone sambandhI ullekha atyanta virala haiM / vaidika kAla meM zramaNa paramparA evaM striyA~ Rgveda meM RSi, muni, yati, vAtarazanA, tapas Adi aise zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai, jo usa yuga meM zramaNa paramparA ke astitva ke sUcaka kahe jA sakate haiM / Rgveda ke eka mantra meM aise sAta RSiyoM kA ullekha hai, jinhoMne tapasyA ke dvArA divya dRSTi prApta kI thii| Rgveda ke hI eka anya mantra meM muni aura vAtarazanA zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jo pIlA aura maTamailA vastra pahanate the / isa mantra meM 'vAtarazanA' muni kA vizeSaNa hai / " vAtasya " zabda isa artha kA bhI dyotaka hai ki ye muni nirvastra rahate the kyoMki isakA artha hai - "vAta hI jinakA vastra hai| isI sUkta ke dUsare mantra meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki ve ( muni) mRtyu pAne vAle nazvaroM se bhinna the / RSi-muni ke samAna hI " yati" zabda kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / yati loga apane ko mUla rUpa se bhRgu muni se sambandhita mAnate the / RRgveda ke hI eka anya mantra meM yatiyoM kA ullekha huA hai / " ina mantroM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki yati loga apanI tapasyA ke dvArA divya zaktiyoM se yukta ho jAte the / 1. Rgveda, 10/109/4. 2. " munayo vAtarazanAH pizaGgA vasate malA vAtasyAnu bhAjiyanti yaddevAso avikSata" - vahI, 10 / 236 / 2. 3. vahI, 10 / 136 / 3. 4. vahI, 8 / 6 / 18. 5. vahI, 10/72/7.

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2: jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha atharvaveda meM bhI aise muniyoM kA ullekha hai, jinhoMne apanI sAdhanA se rahasyamayI zaktiyoM ko prApta kara liyA thaa| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki vedoM meM prayukta muni, yati, tapas Adi zabda kevala puruSoM se hI sambandhita haiN| kisI bhI strI ke sandarbha meM ina zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| ___ Rgveda kI "sarvAnukramaNikA" meM ghoSA, romazA, apAlA, vizvavArA, sUryAsAvitrI, vAk AmbhRNI Adi striyoM ke ullekha milate haiM, jinheM brahmarSiyoM ke samAna veda-sUktoM kI racanA karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| unake dvArA racita kucha sUktoM meM to unake nAma bhI prApta hote haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa-vizvavArA AtreyI ne Rgveda ke pA~caveM maNDala ke 28 veM sUkta kI racanA kI thI / apAlA ne AThaveM maNDala ke 91 veM sUkta, jisameM 7 mantra haiM, kI racanA kI thii| sUryAsAvitrI dazaveM maNDala ke 85 veM sUkta kI RSikA thI, jisameM 47 mantra haiN| kAkSIvatI ghoSA ne dazaveM maNDala ke 31veM tathA 40veM sukta kI racanA kI thI, jisameM pratyeka meM 14-14 mantra haiM / vAk AmbhRNI ne Rgveda ke dazaveM maNDala ke 125 veM sUkta kI racanA kI thI, jisameM 8 mantra haiN| vAk AmbhRNI ne daivIya zaktiyoM ke guNoM ko apane para Aropita bhI kiyA hai| eka mantra meM vaha kahatI hai "maiM rudroM, vasuoM, AdityoM tathA vizvadevoM ke sAtha vicaratI haiM, maiM mitra aura varuNa donoM ko dhAraNa karatI huuN"| isI prakAra eka anya mantra meM vaha apane ko vAyu se abhinna kahatI hai| yadyapi ye striyA~ kavitva-zakti se yukta rahI haiM kintu inake lie bhikSuNI, saMnyAsinI yA parivAjikA zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaidika kAla kI nAriyA~ bhikSuNI yA saMnyAsinI nahIM banatI thiiN| usa yuga meM gRhastha dharma ko tyAgakara bhikSAvRtti kA jIvana vyatIta karane vAlI hameM kisI bhI nArI kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| isake viparIta, nAriyoM ke vivAha karane tathA gRhastha-dharma kA pAlana karane ke aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| Azvina devatAoM kI kRpA se carmaroga ke ThIka ho jAne para ghoSA ke vivAha kA ullekha hai| zacI apane putra-putriyoM ko mahAn banAne ko kalpanA karatI hai| isI 1. atharvaveda, 7/74/1. 2. Rgveda, 10/125/1. 3. vahI, 10/125/8. 4. vahI, 10/159/4. T

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 3 prakAra sUryAsAvitrI ke dvArA racita mantra meM strI ko apane sAsa-sasura ke ghara kI sAmrAjJI hone kI kalpanA kI gayI hai|' .. isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vaidikakAlIna nAriyA~ gRhastha-Azrama meM rahakara hI vidyA ke prati samarpita rahA karatI thiiN| yadyapi kucha nAriyoM meM adhyAtmikatA ke prati gaharI ruci thI, jaise-vAk AmbhRNI, jo devatAoM se apanI abhinnatA sthApita karatI hai| upaniSatkAla meM zramaNa-paramparA evaM striyA~ bRhadAraNyak, chAndogya, muNDaka Adi kucha prAcIna upaniSadoM meM aise aneka zabdoM kA ullekha hai, yathA-tapasvI, saMnyAsI, parivrAjaka-jinase vaidikakAlIna zramaNa-paramparA kI nirantaratA kA bodha hotA hai| chAndo gyopaniSad meM brahma taka pahu~cane ke do prakAra ke mArgoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| pahalA mauna dvArA aura dUsarA AtmasaMyama evaM tapasyA ke dvaaraa| praznopaniSad meM maharSi pippalAda brahma ko jAnane ke lie tapasyA ko Avazyaka batAte haiN| isI prakAra bahadAraNyaka upaniSad ke anusAra bhI brahma ko jAnane ke lie vedoM kA adhyayana, yajJa, dAna aura tapa Avazyaka hai / inake dvArA vyakti apanI dUSita citta-vRttiyoM kA damana kara muni ho jAtA hai / punaH isI upaniSad meM brahma ko jAnane ke lie AtmajJAna aura sAtha hI gRha-tyAga ko Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| yAjJavalkya RSi dvArA apanI sampatti evaM patniyoM ko chor3akara vana meM jAne kA ullekha hai|" yahA~ para yAjJavalkya ke isa kArya ke lie 'pravrajyA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa upaniSad se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki parivrAjaka (saMnyAsI) loga gRha tyAga ke samaya apanI sampatti evaM patniyoM ko chor3a dete the aura nispRha bhAva se saMnyAsa-Azrama meM praviSTa hote the| isI upaniSad se jJAta hotA hai ki jaba RSi yAjJavalkya saMsAra se virakta hokara vana meM jAne lage to unakI patnI maitreyI ne pUchA ki yadi sampUrNa bhUmaNDala dhana se pUrNa ho jAya to kyA maiM usase mukti prApta kara 1. Rgveda, 10/85/45. 2. chAndogyopaniSad, 8/5. 3. praznopaniSad, 1/2. 4. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4/4. 5. vahI, 4/4.

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4 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha sakatI huuN| vaha kahatI hai ki "una vastuoM ko lekara maiM kyA karU~gI, jinase amaratva arthAt mukti nahIM prApta kI jA sktii"|' yahA~ maitreyI ko "brahmavAdinI" kahA gayA hai / brahmavAdinI nAriyoM ke lie upanIta honA evaM agnipUjA karanA, vedAdhyayana karanA tathA bhikSATana karanA Avazyaka thaa| maitreyI kA apane pati ke sAtha saMnyAsa-mArga kA anusaraNa karanA, isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki usa samaya aisI paramparA bhI thI, jinameM striyA~ pravrajyA dhAraNa karatI thiiN| rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata-kAla meM saMnyAsinI saMnyAsiniyoM athavA bhikSaNiyoM kA ullekha hama rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata meM pracuratA se pAte haiN| rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata, ina donoM mahAkAvyoM kA antima saMkalana yadyapi IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI kI ghaTanA hai, parantu inameM nihita paramparAe~ chaThI zatAbdI IsA pUrva kI pratIta hotI haiN| __rAmAyaNa meM 'bhikSuNI' 'tapasI' 'zramaNI' Adi zabdoM ke ullekha se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya saMnyAsiniyoM athavA bhikSuNiyoM kA . astitva thA aura unakI eka paramparA thii| rAmAyaNa meM pati ke na rahane para bhikSaNI jaisA jIvana utkRSTa mAnA gayA hai| rAma ke vana-gamana ke samaya sItA dvArA bhikSuNI-jIvana kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| araNyakANDa meM zabarI ko 'zramaNI' tathA 'tApasI' kahA gayA hai| zabarI ke bhikSuNIpana kI prazaMsA karate hue use "zramaNI saMzitavratAm" kahA gayA hai-arthAt vaha apane vratoM ke pAlana meM lagI rahatI thii| isase yaha saMketa milatA hai ki zramaNiyoM ke lie kucha vratoM kA vidhAna thaa| rAmAyaNa kI taraha mahAbhArata se bhI yaha jJAta hotA hai ki nAriyA~ vana meM tapasyA karane calI jAtI thiiN| Adiparva' meM nAriyoM dvArA 1. yenAhaM nAmRtA syAM kimahaM tena kuryAm -bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4/5. 2. brahmavAdinInAmupanayanamagnIndhanaMvedAdhyayanaM svagRhe ca bhikSAcaryeti -uddhRta, kANe, pI0 vI0, dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga prathama, pRSTha 219. 3. rAmAyaNa, 2/29/13. 4. vahI, 3/73/26; 3/74/7. 5. vahI, 3/74/10. 6. mahAbhArata, Adiparva, 3/74/10,

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 5 tapasyA karane kA ullekha hai| isa parva se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki satyavatI apanI do putra-vadhuoM ke sAtha tapa karane vana meM calI gaI aura tapasyA ke dvArA hI apanA zarIra tyaagaa| isI prakAra AzramavAsika parva' meM dhRtarASTra, gAndhArI aura kuntI dvArA ghora tapasyA karane kA ullekha hai| mausalaparva meM ullekha hai ki jaba kRSNa mRtyu ko prApta ho gaye to unakI satyabhAmA Adi patniyA~ vana meM calI gayIM aura kaThina tapasyA meM lIna ho gyiiN| isI parva meM akara jI kI patniyoM ke vana meM jAne aura vahA~ tapasyA karane kA ullekha hai| mahAbhArata ke zAnti-parva' meM sulabhA kI kahAnI bhikSuNiyoM ke sambandha meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa tathya prastuta karatI hai| sulabhA cUMki yogya pati na pA sakI thI, ataH vaha saMnyAsa-dharma meM dIkSita ho gayI thI aura itastataH akelI hI vicaraNa karatI thii| vaha janaka se mokSa-dharma para vArtAlApa karane AyI thii| usane janaka ko adhyAtma se bharA huA sAragarbhita upadeza diyA thaa| sulabhA ke lie "bhikSukI" zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai (yoga dharmamanuSThitA mahImacacAraikA sulabhA nAma bhikSukI) use "svadharme'sidhRtavratA" kahA gayA hai| rAjA janaka ne use saMnyAsadharma meM dIkSita brAhmaNI samajhA thA, lekina usane apanA paricaya dete hue batAyA ki vaha eka kSatriya kanyA hai| isa udAharaNa se do atyanta mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa nikalate haiM / '' prathama to yaha ki striyA~ bhI saMnyAsinI hotI thIM aura sambhavataH yaha eka prAcIna paramparA thI / dUsare, saMnyAsadharma meM dIkSita hone ke lie jAti-prathA bAdhaka nahIM thii| sulabhA ke dRSTAnta se patA calatA hai ki brAhmaNa striyA~ saMnyAsinI to hotI hI thIM jaisA ki janaka ko zaMkA huI thii| kintu kSatriya kanyAe~ bhI saMnyAsamArga kA anusaraNa kara sakatI thI, kyoMki svayaM sulabhA ne apane ko kSatriya kanyA batAyA thaa| isa prakAra bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad kI maitraiyI, rAmAyaNa kI zabarI 1. mahAbhArata, AzramavAsika parva, 37 vAM adhyAya. 2. vahI, mausalaparva, 7/74. 3. vahI, mausalaparva, 7/72. 4. vahI, zAntiparva, 320/7/193. 4. Contributions to the History of Brahmanical Ascet. icism, P. 63.

Page #25
6 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNo-saMgha tathA mahAbhArata kI sulabhA ke dRSTAntoM se spaSTa hai ki nAriyA~ saMnyAsamArga kA anusaraNa karatI thiiN| ina nAriyoM ne yA to pati ke saMnyAsa grahaNa kara lene para yA pati kI mRtyu ke uparAnta yA yogya pati na pA sakane ke kAraNa saMnyAsa-mArga kA avalambana grahaNa kiyA thaa| hama agale paSThoM meM dekheMge ki jaina evaM bauddha dharma ke bhikSaNI-saMgha meM nAriyoM ke praveza ke kAraNoM meM vairAgya-bhAva ke sAtha hI sAtha ye bhI makhya kAraNa the| striyA~ svabhAvataH hI bhAvuka hotI haiM, ina paristhitiyoM meM ve adhika bhAvapravaNa ho jAtI haiM aura antatogatvA vairAgya kA patha cuna letI haiN| uparyukta sandarbho ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA asaGgata nahIM hogA ki mahAvIra evaM buddha ke pUrva striyA~ saMnyAsa-mArga kA anusaraNa karatI thiiN| ina granthoM meM prAyaH saMnyAsiniyoM ke akele hI rahane yA vicaraNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai| upayukta granthoM meM unake kisI saMgha ke astitva kI sUcanA nahIM milatI, parantu ina saMnyAsiniyoM ke lie kucha vratoM athavA niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thA, jaisA ki rAmAyaNa meM zabarI ko "saMzitavratAm" kahA gayA hai| ina niyamoM kA kramazaH vikAsa hotA rahA / yaha nizcita sA pratIta hotA hai ki inhIM vratoM (niyamoM) ke AdhAra para chaThI zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM mahAvIra evaM buddha-donoM ne apane bhikSuNI-saMghoM ke lie niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| jaina-dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA- jaina-dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA kA prazna vicAraNIya hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se paravartI jaina Agama grantha samavAyAMga meM nimna 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA nAmollekha hai'-RSabha, ajita, saMbhava, abhinandana, sumati, padmaprabha, supAva, candraprabha, suvidhi, zItala, zreyAMsa, vAsupUjya, vimala, ananta, dharma, zAnti, kuthu, ara, mallI, munisuvrata, nami, nemi, pArzva aura vardhamAna / paravartI grantha kalpasUtra meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM se cAra tIrthaMkaroM RSabha, ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra kA jIvana-caritra thoDe vistAra ke sAtha varNita hai tathA inakI bhikSuNiyoM kI saMkhyA kA bhI ullekha hai aura zeSa (2 se 21 taka ) 20 tIrthaMkaroM kA mAtra ullekha hai| cAhe pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke atirikta zeSa 22 tIrthaMkaroM kI aiti 1. samavAyAMga, 157.

Page #26
jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA : 7 hAsikatA vivAdAspada ho kintu pArzvanAtha, jinheM 23 vA~ tIrthaMkara mAnA gayA hai, kI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda hai / prAcIna jaina Agama sUtrakRtAMga ' ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM pArzva kI paramparA kI samAlocanA milatI hai / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pArzva kI paramparA mahAvIra se bhinna thI / pArzva kI paramparA ke bhikSu evaM bhikSuNiyoM ko vidhivat rUpa se paMcamahAvrata grahaNa karavAkara mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita karane kA ullekha hai / ataH jaina-dharma ke antargata mahAvIra ke pUrva bhI bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA ho cukI thI - aisA spaSTa hotA hai / jaina dharma meM bhikSu saMgha evaM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA sAtha hI sAtha huI thI / isa bAta kI satyatA isa tathya se bhI spaSTa hotI hai ki AcArAMga jaise prAcInatama graMthoM meM bhikSu evaM bhikSuNiyoM ke niyamoM kI vyavasthA sAtha-sAtha kI gayI hai / bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA - buddha ne apane pUrvavartI saMghoM ke niyamoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI saMgha ko kAphI suvyavasthita karane kA prayatna kiyA thA / jaina bhikSuNI saMgha ke viparIta bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA bhikSu saMgha ke sAtha nahIM huI thI, apitu bhikSu saMgha kI sthApanA ke pazcAt hI huI, yadyapi isakI tithi vivAdAspada hai / vaizAlI ke kUTAgArazAlA meM zaMkita mana se buddha ne striyoM ko saMgha meM dIkSita karane kA nirNaya liyA aura vahIM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kii| sAmAnya avadhAraNA yaha thI ki bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA, buddha ke jJAna prApti evaM bhikSu saMgha kI sthApanA ke 5 varSa bAda huI / bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA meM sthavira Ananda kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa yogadAna thA, mukhyata: unhIM ke prayAsa ke kAraNa bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA huI thI, anyathA buddha to mahAprajApati gautamI ko spaSTa rUpa se manA kara cuke the / cullavagga ke isa varNana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya taka Ananda buddha ke sthAyI sevaka ke rUpa meM niyukta ho cuke the / parantu anya srotoM ke anusAra jJAna-prApti ke 20 veM varSa taka buddha 1. sUtrakRtAMga, 27 / 71-80. 2. uttarAdhyayana, 23/87. 3. cullavagga, pR0 371; bhikSuNI vinaya, 15.

Page #27
8:jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA koI sthAyI sevaka niyukta nahIM huA thA / samaya-samaya para nAgasamAla, nAgita, rAdha, meghiya Adi bhikSu unakI sevA meM rahe the| ina bhikSuoM ke vyavahAra se buddha santuSTa nahIM the, kyoMki ye kabhI-kabhI unakI AjJA ke viruddha bhI kAma karate the| nAgasamAla krodha meM baddha ke vastra tathA pAtra ko caurAhe para rakhakara calA gayA thaa|' ataH pravrajyA ke 20 veM varSa meM apane girate hue svAsthya ko dekhakara buddha ne eka sthAyI sevaka ko icchA vyakta kii| Ananda yadyapi baddha ke jJAna-prApti ke dUsare varSa hI bauddha dharma kI zaraNa meM A cuke the, parantu buddha ke sthAyI sevaka ke rUpa meM unakI niyukti 20veM varSa meM huii| Ananda svayaM kahate haiM ki ve 25 varSa taka buddha kI sevA meM rhe|3 ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bauddha dharma meM bhikSaNIsaMgha kI sthApanA baddha ke jJAna-prApti ke 5veM varSa meM na hokara 20veM varSa meM athavA usake pazcAt vaizAlI meM hI huI hogI, jaba Ananda buddha ke sthAyI sevaka ke rUpa meM niyukta ho cuke the| bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA kA zreya gautama buddha kI kSIradAyikA mAtA evaM mausI mahAprajApati gautamI ko hai| mahAprajApati gautamI ne do bAra saMgha meM praveza karane kA prayatna kiyA thaa| prathama bAra meM vaha asaphala rhii| jaba buddha kapilavastu ke nyonodhArAma meM Thahare huye the, gautamI ne unase pravrajyA pradAna karane kA nivedana kiyaa| parantu usa samaya buddha ne striyoM ko bauddha-saMgha meM pravrajyA denA ekadama se asvIkAra kara diyaa| 1. udAna, aTThakathA, 8/7. 2. Life of Buddha as Legend and History, P. 122-23. Pali Proper Names, Vol. I, P. 250-51 3. "paNNavIsati vassAni sekhabhUtassa me sato na kAmasacA uppajji, passa dhammasuSammataM -theragAthA, kloka saMkhyA, 1039. 4. Women Under Primitive Buddhism, P. 120 meM lekhikA ne yaha sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki mahAprajApati gautamI ke pahale yazodharA (rAhulamAtA, jo buddha kI patnI thI) bhikSuNI bnii| parantu yaha sambhAvanA ucita nahIM jAna pdd'tii| manorathapUraNi (aMguttara nikAya kI TIkA) ke anusAra rAhulamAtA ne mahAprajApati ke nizraya meM pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii| See-Pali Proper Names, Vol. II, P. 743. 5. cullavagga, pR0 373; bhikSuNI vinaya, 63.

Page #28
jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSaNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 9 gautamI isase nirAza nahIM huI aura usane pravrajyA pAne kA apanA prayAsa jArI rakhA / jaba buddha vaizAlI ke mahAvana kI kuTAgArazAlA meM Thahare huye the, gautamI phira vahA~ phNcii| isa bAra usane apanI veza-bhUSA badala DAlI thii| usane apane bAloM ko kaTAkara kASAya vastra dhAraNa kara liyA thA / vaha kapilavastu se vaizAlI taka paidala gayI thii| isa bAra kA usakA AcaraNa bilkula bhikSuNiyoM jaisA thaa| sambhavataH isake mAdhyama se vaha striyoM ke prati buddha kI zaMkA ko miTAnA cAhatI thI tathA yaha pramANita karanA cAhatI thI ki pUrvavat jIvana meM sukha-suvidhAoM kA upabhoga karane ke bAvajUda ucca uddezya kI prApti ke lie striyA~ bho kaThora jIvana kA pAlana kara sakatI haiN| kUTAgArazAlA meM gautamI phUle pairoM, dhUlabhare zarIra evaM azrumukhI ho dvAra-koSThaka ke bAhara jA khar3I huI / ' __ gautamI kI yahIM para Ananda se bheMTa huii| Ananda ne svayaM buddha ke pAsa jAkara striyoM ko saMgha meM praveza dene kI prArthanA kii| kintu prathama to unakA bhI yaha zlAghanIya prayAsa asaphala rhaa| Ananda ne buddha se tIna bAra prArthanA kI aura tInoM bAra buddha ne spaSTa rUpa se manA kara diyA / taba Ananda ne dUsare prakAra se pravrajyA kI anujJA mA~gane kI socii| unhoMne buddha se prazna kiyA ki kyA tathAgata pravedita dharma meM striyA~ sotApattiphala, sakRdAgAmiphala, anAgAmiphala, evaM arhatva ko prApta kara sakatI haiM ? buddha ne sakArAtmaka rUpa se sira hilAyA / taba Ananda ne caturAIpUrvaka apanI bAta para bala dete hue kahA ki bhagavan ! yadi striyA~ arhatvaphala ko prApta kara sakatI haiM to mahAprajApati gautamI ko, jo Apa ko mausI, abhibhAvikA, poSikA, kSIradAyikA rahI haiMjananI kI mRtyu ke bAda bhagavAn ko dUdha pilAyA hai, pravrajyA milanI caahie| buddha Ananda ke tarka se cupa ho gaye tathA striyoM ko bauddha-saMgha meM praveza kI anumati de dii| parantu gautamI tathA anya striyoM ko pravrajyA kA nirdeza dene ke pahale unhoMne ATha zartoM ke pAlana kA bandhana rakhA, 1. cullavagga, pR0 373; bhikSuNI vinaya, $5. (bhikSuNI vinaya meM zrAvastI ke jetavana ArAma meM buddha ke Thaharane kA ullekha hai) 2. cullavagga, pR0 374; bhikSuNI vinaya, $10.

Page #29
10 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha jinheM aTThagurudhamma ( aSTa gurudharmaM ) . kahA gayA hai / ' ye aSTagurudharma nimna the / 1 "sau varSa kI upasampanna bhikSuNI ko sadyaH upasampanna bhikSu kA abhivAdana karanA cAhie, usake sammAna meM khar3A honA cAhie tathA aJjali jor3anA cAhie aura samIcIkarma ( kuzala samAcAra) pUchanA cAhie / " bhikSuNI vinaya, gurudharma prathama. 2 " varSAkAla meM bhikSurahita grAma yA nagara meM kisI bhI bhikSuNI ko varSAvAsa nahIM karanA cAhie" - bhikSuNI vinaya, gurudharma saptama. 3 " prati 15 dina bAda bhikSuNI ko bhikSu saMgha se uposatha aura dharmopadeza (uvAda) kI tithi pUchanI cAhie" - bhikSuNI vinaya, gurudharma SaSTha. 4 " varSAkAla ke bIta jAne para pratyeka bhikSuNI ko donoM saMghoM ke samakSa dRSTa, zruta evaM parizaMkita doSoM kI pravAraNA karanI cAhie" - bhikSuNI vinaya, gurudharma aSTama. 5 " gambhIra doSa karane para bhikSuNI ko donoM saMghoM ke samakSa pakSamAnatta karanA cAhie" - bhikSuNI vinaya, gurudharma paJcama. 6 " do varSa meM SaDdharmoM ko sokhane vAlI zikSamANA ko donoM saMghoM se upasampadA prApta karanI cAhie / " - bhikSuNI vinaya, gurudharmaM dvitIya. 7 " kisI bhI bhikSuNI ko kisI bhikSu ke prati abhadra zabda nahIM bolanA cAhie" | 8 " kisI bhI bhikSuNI ko kiso bhikSu ko upadeza nahIM denA cAhie " -- bhikSuNI vinaya, gurudharma tRtIya. 1. cullavagga, pR0 374-75 ( bhikSuNI vinaya meM aSTagurudharma niyama kA pratipAdana karane ke pahale jIvanaparyanta pA~ca bAtoM se virata rahane kA ullekha hai / ( 1 ) hiMsA se virata rahanA / (2) adattAdAna (binA diye koI vastu na lenA) se virata rahanA / (3) kAma-sambandhI kAryoM se virata rahanA / ( 4 ) jhUTha bolane se virata rahanA / (5) surA-madya ke sevana se virata rahanA / - bhikSuNI vinaya, $13. 2. cullavagga kA yaha 7 gurudharma mahAsAMghikoM ke bhikSuNI vinaya meM nahIM milatA / isakI jagaha unakA cauthA gurudharma nimna hai - bhaktAcaM zayyanAsanaM vihAro ca bhikSuNIhi bhikSuto bhikSusaMghAto sAdayitavyam /

Page #30
jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 1? ina aSTagurudharmoM ko prajApati ne saharSa svIkAra kara liyaa| yaha samAcAra jaba Ananda se buddha ko milA, taba bhI unhoMne kahane meM saMkoca nahIM kiyA ki "Ananda ! yadi tathAgata-pravedita dharma-niyama meM striyA~ pravajyA na pAtIM to yaha dharma cirasthAyI hotA, yaha sahasra varSa ThaharatA / parantu Ananda ! striyoM ne pravrajyA grahaNa kI, ataH brahmacarya cirasthAyI na rahegA aura yaha saddharma 500 varSa hI tthhregaa|" bhikSuNI-saMgha ke lie ina aSTagurudharmoM kI AvazyakatA ko siddha karane ke lie unhoMne cAra laukika udAharaNa diye :(1) jaise vaha parivAra coroM dvArA AsAnI se naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai, jisameM striyA~ adhika hoM tathA puruSa kama / (2) jaise pake hue dhAna ke kheta meM saphedA (setaTTikA) roga laga jAne se vaha kheta naSTa ho jAtA hai / (3) jaise taiyAra Ikha ke kheta meM maJjiTikA (eka prakAra kA lAla roga) roga laga jAne se vaha nAza ko prApta ho jAtA hai| (4) jaise manuSya pAnI ke rokathAma ke lie meMr3a (AlI) bA~dhatA hai, usI prakAra maiMne (buddha ne) aticAroM kI rokathAma ke lie bhikSuNiyoM ke yAvajjIvana atikramaNa na karane yogya aSTagurudharmoM ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai| buddha ke dvArA diye gaye ye cAroM udAharaNa pratIkAtmaka the| bauddha saMgha meM striyoM ke praveza se bhikSuoM ke brahmacarya ke skhalita hone kA bhaya thA / dhAna ke kheta meM setaTrikA tathA Ikha ke kheta meM maJjiTrikA roga saMnyAsa-jIvana meM doSoM ke hI pratIka the| ____ uparyukta udAharaNoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki buddha saMgha meM striyoM ke praveza se utpanna honevAlI kaThinAiyoM ke prati cintita the| isIlie unhoMne bhikSuNiyoM ke lie aSTagurudharma kI maryAdA batAyI thii| yaha yAvajjIvana pAlanIya dharma thA, jisakA atikramaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thaa| kucha bhI ho, bauddha dharma ke saMgha meM striyoM ko praveza kA adhikAra dilAkara Ananda ne atyanta zlAghanIya kArya kiyaa| apane isa krAntikArI kArya ke kAraNa Ananda hamezA yAda rakhe gye| rAjagRha ko prathama 1. cullavaga, pR0 376-77.; bhikSuNI vinaya, 6 12. 2. cullavagga, pR0 377; bhikSuNI vinaya, 68.

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12 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bauddha-saMgIti meM apane isa krAntikArI vicAradhArA ke kAraNa Ananda ko dukkaTa ke daNDa kA doSI bhI batAyA gayA thaa| parantu isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki bhikSuNiyoM kI Ane vAlI pIr3hiyoM ne unheM hamezA Adara kI dRSTi se dekhaa| caturtha zatAbdI IsavI meM cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna ne mathurA meM Ananda kI smRti meM nirmita eka stambha ke prati bhikSuNiyoM ko sammAna pradarzita karate hue dekhA thaa| usake isa kathana kI puSTi usake lagabhaga 200 varSa bAda Ane vAle yAtrI hvenasAMga ne bhI ko hai|3 tulanA ___ yahA~ donoM bhikSuNI saMghoM kI sthApanA ke sambandha meM antara draSTavya hai bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha kI sthApanA isa dharma ke saMsthApaka ke vicAroM ke viparota tathA AzaMkAoM ke sAtha huI thI, jabaki jaina dharma meM striyoM ke saMgha-praveza ko kisI AzaMkA kI dRSTi se nahIM dekhA gayA aura na hI bauddha bhikSuNI mahAprajApati gautamI kI taraha kisI vizeSa nArI ko jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA ke lie bAra-bAra anunaya-vinaya hI karanA pdd'aa| prArambha se ho jaina saMgha ke dvAra striyoM ke lie pUrI taraha se khule huye the aura ve nissaMkoca usameM praveza kara sakatI thiiN| jaina-saMgha meM bhikSuNI banane ke kAraNa ___ samAja ke pratyeka varga kI striyoM ne donoM bhikSuNI saMghoM meM praveza liyA thaa| unakI isa prakAra kI anukala pratikriyA ke AdhyAtmika kAraNoM ke sAtha-sAtha aneka sAmAjika, pArivArika evaM Arthika kAraNa the| sthAnAMga tathA usakI TIkA meM aise dasa sAmAnya kAraNoM kA ullekha hai, jinase loga dIkSA grahaNa karate the:1. chandA (svecchA se)-mahAvIra ke sAtha zAstrArtha ke lie Ae hue gautama Adi ke samAna / 2. rosA (Aveza se)---zivabhUti ke samAna / 3. parijuNNA (daridratA se)-kASThahAraka ke samAna / 1. cullavagga, pR0 411. 2. Buddhist Record of the Western World, (Beal, S.) Vol, - I. P. 22. 3. Ibid, Vol, II, P. 213. 4. sthAnAMga, 10/712, TIkA, bhAga pAMca, pR0 365-66.

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 13 4. suviNA (svapna se)-pUSpacUlA ke samAna / 5. paDissayA (pratijJA lene se)-dhanya ke samAna / 6. sAraNiyA (smaraNa se)-tIrthakara mallI ke samAna / 7. rogiNiyA (roga hone se)-sanatkumAra ke samAna / 8. aNADhiyA (anAdara se)-nandiSeNa ke samAna / 9. devasaNNatto (devatA ke upadeza se)-metArya ke samAna / 10. vocchANubaMdhiyA (putra-sneha se)-vairasvAmI kI mAtA ke samAna / uparyukta 10 kAraNoM ke atirikta anya kAraNoM se bhI loga pravrajyA grahaNa kara lete the| yathA-kucha loga binA mehanata kie uttama bhojanAdi kI prApti (ihalogapaDibaddhA ) tathA svarga loka meM sukha kI icchA se pravrajyA grahaNa karate the| kucha loga sadguruoM kI sevA ke lie (uvAyapavajjA) pravrajyA grahaNa karate the, to kucha loga RNa se mukti pAne ke lie bhI (moyAvaittA) pravrajyA le lete the| kucha loga eka dUsare ko dekhA-dekhI arthAt eka ke dIkSA le lene para dUsarA bhI dIkSA le letA thA (sNgaarpvvjjaa)| ina sAmAnya kAraNoM ke atirikta bhI kacha aise kAraNa the, jinake phalasvarUpa striyA~ pravrajyA grahaNa kara letI thiiN| sAmAnyatayA pati kI mRtyu athavA usake pravrajyA grahaNa kara lene para patniyA~ bhI pravrajita ho jAtI thiiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM rAjImatI2 aura vAziSThI ke udAharaNa draSTavya haiN| rAjImatI ne yaha samAcAra pAkara ki usake bhAvI pati bhikSu ho gaye hai, bhikSaNI banane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| vAziSThI ne bhI apane pati aura putroM ko pravrajyA grahaNa karate hue dekhakara saMsAra kA tyAga kiyA thaa| kucha nAriyAM pati kI mRtyu yA pati kI hatyA kara diye jAne ke pazcAt pravrajyA grahaNa karatI thIM kyoMki usa sAmAjika pariveza meM unheM utanI surakSA nahIM prApta ho pAtI thI, jitanI apekSita thii| yahI kAraNa thA ki garbhAvasthA meM bhI ve saMgha-praveza hetu prArthanA karatI thiiN| madanarekhA ke pati ko usake sahodara bhrAtA ne mAra DAlA / usa samaya vaha garbhavatI thI parantu bhayabhIta hokara jaMgala meM bhAga gaI aura mithilA 1. sthAnAMga, 33157. 2. uttarAdhyayana, 22 vA adhyAya / 3. vahI, 14 vA adhyAya / 4, uttarAdhyayana niyukti, pR0 136-40.

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14 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM jAkara saMnyAsa grahaNa kara liyaa| isI prakAra kA udAharaNa yazabhadrA' kA hai, jisake pati ke Upara usake jyeSTha bhrAtA ne AkramaNa kiyA thA / vaha bhI bhayabhIta hokara zrAvastI ke jaMgala meM bhAga gaI aura vahIM usane saMgha meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| bAda meM usakA putra kSullakakumAra utpanna huA, jo bhikSu banA / karakaNDu jo rAnI padmAvatI kA putra thA, padmAvatI ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt paidA huA thaa| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra bAda meM vaha kaliMga kA rAjA huA / isI prakAra bhAI ke sAtha bahanoM ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / bhikSuNI uttarA' ne jo AcArya zivabhUti kI bahana thI, bhAI kA anusaraNa karate hue pravrajyA grahaNa kI thI / bAla-vidhavA dhanazrI * ne bhI apane bhAI ke sAtha hI pravrajyA grahaNa kI thI / bhikSu sthUlabhadra kI sAta bahaneM thIM- yakSA, yakSadattA bhUtA bhUtadattA, seNA, reNA / sAtoM bahanoM ne apane bhAI ko pravrajyA grahaNa karate hue dekhakara jaina bhikSuNIsaMgha meM praveza liyA thA / jJAtAdharmakathA meM poTTilA' tathA sukumAlikA kA udAharaNa milatA hai, jinhoMne apane prati pati ke prema meM kamI hone ke kAraNa pravrajyA grahaNa kI thI / uparyukta udAharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki sAmAnyatayA nAriyA~ apane saMrakSaka (pati, putra, bhAI athavA anya koI) kI mRtyu yA usake pravrajyA grahaNa kara lene ke uparAnta svayaM bhI pravrajita ho jAtI thIM / antakRta - dazAMga meM ullikhita kAlI - sukAlI' Adi ke udAharaNa draSTavya haiM / isake atirikta bahuta-sI striyA~ vidvAn sAdhuoM ke dharmopadeza ko sunakara saMnyAsa - jIvana kA Azraya grahaNa karatI thIM / aMtakRtadazAGga meM jAmbakumAra kI patniyoM tathA kRSNa-vAsudeva kI patniyoM kA ullekha 9 1. Avazyaka niryukti, 1283; bRhatkalpabhASya, paMcama bhAga, 5099. 2. Avazyaka cUrNi dvitIya bhAga, pR0 204-07. , 3. uttarAdhyayana niryukti, pR0 181. 4. Avazyaka cUrNa, prathama bhAga, pR0 526-27. 5. Avazyaka cUrNi, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 183, kalpasUtra, 208. 6. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1114. 7. vahI, 1/16. 8. antakRtadazAMga, AThavA~ varga / 9. vahI, paMcama varga /

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 15 milatA hai, jinhoMne ariSTanemi ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii| kevala dhanI tathA ucca varga kI striyoM ne hI nahIM balki nartakiyoM tathA vezyAoM ne bhI bhikSa NiyoM ke kaThora jIvana kA Adarza grahaNa kiyA thA / uttarAdhyayana TIkA' meM gaNikA kozA kA nAma milatA hai, jisane sthUlabhadra nAmaka vidvAn bhikSu ke samparka meM Akara bhikSuNIsaMgha meM praveza liyA thaa| isI prakAra atyadhika sundaratA ke kAraNa mallikumArI, jinheM zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra 19vA~ tIrthaMkara mAnA gayA hai, se vivAha ke lie aneka rAjA lAlAyita ho uThe the| kintu usane una sabhI rAjAoM ko udbodhita kara vairAgya kA pathika banA diyaa| malli ko pakate hue bhojana ke jala jAne para svataH hI saMsAra ko nazvaratA kA bodha huA thaa| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki nAriyA~ kabhI paristhitivaza aura kabhI upadeza yA svaprerita vairAgya se pravrajyA grahaNa karatI thiiN| bauddha-saMgha meM bhikSuNI banane ke kAraNa jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM striyoM ke pravajita hone ke jo kAraNa the lagabhaga ve hI kAraNa bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha ke sandarbha meM satya pratIta hote haiN| therI gAthA meM ullekha hai ki paTAcArA ke udyoga se 500 striyoM ne bhikSuNI banakara usakA ziSyatva grahaNa kiyA thaa| ina sabhI ko santAna-viyoga kA duHkha sahana karanA par3A thaa| isI prakAra vAziSThI tathA kRzA gautamI ko putra-viyoga ke kAraNa tathA sundarI ko apane choTe bhAI kI mRtyu ke kAraNa saMsAra se vairAgya utpanna huA thA aura ina sabhI ne bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha meM praveza le liyA thA / kucha striyoM ne apane priya sakhiyoM kI mRtyu se duHkhI hokara pravrajyA grahaNa kI thI / zyAmA kauzAmbInareza udayana kI patnI zyAmAvatI kI priya sakhI thI / zyAmAvatI kI mRtyu ke bAda zyAmA ne bauddha-saMgha meM pravrajyA grahaNa kara lii| ubbirI ne jo apanI ekamAtra kanyA kI mutyu ho jAne se duHkhI thI, buddha ke upadeza ko sunakara bauddha-saMgha meM pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii| 1. uttarAdhyayana TIkA, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 29-30 / 2. therIgAthA, paramatthadIpanI TIkA, 51. 3. vahI, 63. 4. vahI, 28, 29. 5. vahI, 33.

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16 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha striyA~ pati ke pravrajyA grahaNa kara lene para svayaM bhI pravrajita ho jAtI thIM / dhammadinnA' aisI hI bhikSuNI thI, jisane pati ke pravrajyA grahaNa kara lene para bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza liyA thA / kucha aisI striyA~ bhI thIM jo pati ke jIvita avasthA meM usakI AjJA na milane ke kAraNa saMgha meM praveza nahIM le sakI thIM - kintu pati kI mRtyu ke turanta bAda unhoMne saMgha meM pravrajyA grahaNa kI thI / dhammadinnA aisI hI eka kulIna kanyA thI / isI prakAra sudinnikAra ne pati kI mRtyu ke bAda apane devara ( pati ke anuja) ke kaluSita vicAroM ko samajha kara pravrajyA grahaNa kI thI / kucha striyoM ne prema meM asaphala hone para bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza liyA thA / kuNDalakezA aiso hI rAjagRha ke seTha kI lar3akI thI, jisane apane premI se dhokhA khAne para sarvaprathama jaina bhikSuNI saMgha meM tatpazcAt bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza le liyA thA / paTAcArA ne jo apane naukara ke prema meM phaMsakara bhAga gaI thI, mAtA-pitA, bhAI Adi kI mRtyu ke pazcAt pravrajyA grahaNa ko thI / atyadhika sundaratA athavA atyadhika kurUpatA ke kAraNa jina striyoM kA vivAha nahIM ho pAtA thA, ve bhikSuNI banane kA prayatna karatI thIM / sundara kanyA ko prApta karane ke lie aneka puruSa icchuka hote the, ataH lar3akI ke mAtA-pitA ko isa paristhiti meM yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA thA ki vaha lar3akI ko kisa vizeSa puruSa ko deM / anta meM vivaza hokara mAtA-pitA kanyA ko bhikSuNI banane kA Adeza de dete the / sundarI utpalavarNA zrAvastI ke koSAdhyakSa kI kanyA thI / usase vivAha karane ke lie aneka rAjakumAra tathA zreSThi-putra lAlAyita the / ataH vivAha karane ke lie sabako santuSTa karane meM apane ko asamartha pAkara usake pitA ne utpalavarNA ko bhikSuNI banane kA Adeza diyA thA / ambapAlI ko atizaya sundarI hone ke kAraNa hI nagara-sundarI bananA par3A thA / 1. therI gAthA, paramatthadIpanI TIkA, 12. 2 . vahI, 17. 3. bhikSuNI vinaya $ 158. 4. therI gAthA, paramatthadIpano TIkA, 46. 5. vahI, 47. 6. vahI, 64. 7. vahI, 66.

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 17 apane antima dinoM meM buddha ko bhojana kA nimantraNa dekara tathA apane putra vimala kauNDanya ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara ambapAlI ne bhikSuNIsaMgha meM pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii| abhirUpA nandA kapilavastu kI aisI hI kSatriya-kanyA thI jisako apane rUpa para atyadhika garva thA parantu vivAha ke pUrva hI bhAvI pati kI mRtyu ho jAne ke kAraNa usake mAtA-pitA ne use bhikSuNI banane hetu upadeza diyA thaa| ___ bahuta sI striyA~ kisI bhikSu yA bhikSuNI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara athavA kisI pratIkAtmaka ghaTanA kA AdhyAtmika artha lagAkara bhikSuNI-saMdha meM pravajita hotI thiiN| therI gAthA meM eka ajJAtanAmA bhikSuNI kA aisA hI ullekha hai, jisakI mahAprajApati gautamI ke upadeza ko sunakara tathA adhika A~ca se pAkazAlA meM sabjI jala jAne ke kAraNa saMnyAsa-dharma meM ruci utpanna huI thI, kyoMki isa ghaTanA se use saMsAra kI sArI vastuoM kI anityatA kA bodha huA thA / therI gAthA meM varNita tiSyA dhIrA, mitrA5, bhadrA, upazamA Adi aisI striyA~ thIM jinakI pravrajyA gautamI ke sAtha huI thii| vimalA ko, jo vaizAlI ke eka vezyA kI kanyA thI, mahAmaudgalyAyan ke dharmopadeza ko munakara lajjA evaM glAni kI bhAvanA utpanna huI aura kucha samaya bAda usane bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM pravrajyA grahaNa kara lii| bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM vezyAe~ bhI praveza letI thiiN| ye vezyAe~ kisI bhikSu yA bhikSuNI ke upadeza ko sunakara atyanta prabhAvita ho jAtI thIM tathA pravrajyA grahaNa kara letI thiiN| aDDhakAzI vArANasI kI eka aisI vezyA thI, jisane buddha ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara anya vezyAoM dvArA avarodha upasthita kie jAne para bhI pravajita hone ke apane dRr3ha nizcaya 1. therI gAthA, paramatthadIpanI TIkA, 19. 2. vahI, 1. 3. vahI, 4,5. 4. vahI, 6,7. 5. vahI, 8. 6. vahI, 9,10. 7. vahI, 39. 8. vahI, 22. 2

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18 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA parityAga nahIM kiyA aura dUtI bhejakara bhikSu-saMgha se upasampadA kI anumati prApta kI thii| dAsI-putriyoM ke bhI saMgha meM praveza karane ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| pUrNikA zrAvastI ke seTha anAthapiNDaka ke ghara kI dAsI kI putrI thii| pUrNikA kI bauddha dharma meM zraddhA dekhakara seTha ne use dAsatva ke bhAra se mukta kara diyaa| unhIM seTha kI anumati lekara vaha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praviSTa huii| isake atirikta kucha nitAnta vyaktigata kAraNa bhI hote the jisase striyA~ bhikSuNI-saMgha meM pravrajyA grahaNa karatI thiiN| sokhA ne apane putra evaM bahuoM ke nirAdara ke kAraNa gRha-tyAga kara bauddha saMgha meM zaraNa lI thii| RSidAsI ko apane pati ke ghara se nikAla diyA gayA thA, jisase vivaza hokara usane bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha meM praveza liyA thaa| muktA" ne kubar3e pati ke kAraNa gaha-tyAga kiyA thA kyoMki pati kI zArIrika racanA usake mana ke anukUla nahIM thii| tulanA-isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki donoM bhikSuNI-saMghoM meM striyoM ke praveza karane ke lagabhaga samAna kAraNa the| pati, putra, putrI, bhAI athavA snehI-janoM kI mRtyu ke kAraNa unameM saMsAra ke prati vairAgya ko / bhAvanA utpanna ho jAtI thii| pati kI matyu athavA usake pravrajyA grahaNa kara lene ke uparAnta saMgha meM praveza ke jo aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiM unase yaha nizcita rUpa se AbhAsa hotA hai ki usa samaya pati-vihIna nAriyoM ko samAja meM apekSita sthAna prApta nahIM thaa| vivAha-saMsthA evaM ekapatnIniSThA, jo sAmAjika jIvana meM vyavasthA ko banAye rakhane kA eka mukhya AdhAra thI, vaha puruSavarga kI bhogalipsA ke kAraNa atyanta jarjarita ho gaI thii| isake phalasvarUpa striyoM kA vaivAhika jIvana abhizapta ho jAtA thA / ina sabhI striyoM ke lie saMgha eka Azrayasthala siddha hotA thA jahA~ jAkara ve sammAnapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kara sakatI thIM aura sAtha hI AdhyAtmika lAbha bhI prApta kara sakatI thiiN| kucha striyA~, 1. cullavagga, pR0 397-99. 2. therI gAthA, paramatthadIpanI TIkA, 65, 3. vahI, 45. 4. vahI, 77. 5. vahI, 11.

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 19 nissandeha, jJAnaprApti tathA AdhyAtmika bhAvanA se prerita hokara pravrajyA grahaNa karatI thiiN| ve bacapana se hI dhArmika tathA zraddhAlu hotI thiiN| ve AjIvana brahmacAriNI rahakara pUrNa pavitratA kA jIvana vyatIta karatI thiiN| jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM brAhmI, sundarI, candanA, suvratA tathA bauddha bhikSuNIsaMgha meM sumedhA, anupamA, guptA Adi isI prakAra kI bhikSuNiyA~ thIM jinakA pUrA jIvana vidyA ke prati samarpita thaa| bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogyatAe~ - jaina aura bauddha donoM saMghoM meM jAti, varNa, dharma, raMga, rUpa, liMga kA khyAla kiye binA pratyeka strI-puruSa ko praveza kI anumati thI tathApi saMgha ke saMghaTana ko sucArU rUpa se calAne ke lie evaM saMgha kI pratiSThA kI surakSA ke lie praveza sambandhI kucha niyamoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA jinake AdhAra para avAMchita tatvoM ko saMgha-praveza se rokA jA sake / ... jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogyatA : sthAnAMga evaM usakI TIkA' meM kucha aisI ayogyatAoM kA ullekha hai, jinake AdhAra para kisI strI yA puruSa ko saMgha meM praveza dene se vaJcita kiyA jA sakatA thaa| . (ka) bAle (bAlaka, jo ATha varSa se kama ho) (kha) buDDhe (vRddha) (ga) napuMsa (napusaka) (gha) jaDDe (ati mUrkha) (Ga) kIve (klIva)" (ca) vAhie (rogI vyakti) (cha) teNe (cora yA DAkU) (ja) rAyAvagArI (rAjA kA apakAra karane vAlA) (jha) ummatte (unmatta) (Ja) adaMsaNe (andhA) (Ta) dAsa (Tha) duTTha (duSTa) (Da) mUDha (mUrkha) (Dha) aNatta (RNI) (Na) juMgiya (aMgahIna) 1. sthAnAMga, 3/202, TIkA pR. 154-55,

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20 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha (ta) obaddha (baMdhaka) (tha) bhayae (naukara) (da) sehaniphphoDiya (apahRta) (dha) gumviNI (garbhiNI) (na) bAlavacchA (choTe bacce vAlI strI) isake atirikta aisI striyoM ko praveza nahIM diyA jAtA thA jinheM apane saMrakSaka (pitA-mAtA, pati athavA putra) kI anujJA na milI ho| ___ saMgha-praveza ke samaya upayukta niyamoM kA kar3AI se pAlana kiyA jAtA thA phira bhI apavAdasvarUpa ina niyamoM ke ullaMghana ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| nirayAvalisUtra' meM subhadrA kA ullekha hai jisane apane pati ke AjJA ke viruddha dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| sthAnAMga ke anusAra garbhiNI strI saMgha-praveza kI adhikAriNI nahIM thI, phira bhI jainagranthoM meM aisI aneka striyoM kA ullekha hai jinhoMne garbhAvasthA meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| madanarekhA' dIkSA grahaNa karane ke samaya garbhavatI thI kyoMki usa samaya apane pati kI hatyA kara diye jAne ke kAraNa vaha jaMgala meM bhAga gaI thI aura vahIM usane dIkSA lI thii| padmAvatI kA putra karakaNDu tathA yazabhadrA kA putra kSullaka kumAra dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda hI utpanna hue the / kesI eka bhikSuNI" kA aisA putra thA jo bahatkalpabhASyakAra ke anusAra vinA puruSa ke saMsarga ke hI usake garbha meM A gayA thA aura dIkSA ke uparAnta paidA huA thA / ina udAharaNoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paristhitiyoM ke anusAra niyamoM meM kucha parivartana kara diyA jAtA thaa| __ bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogyatA : yaha prayatna kiyA jAtA thA ki zArIrika tathA mAnasika dRSTi se vikRta nAriyA~ saMgha meM praveza na le skeN| rogiNI tathA RNagrasta nArI kA saMgha-praveza niSiddha thA / ayogya nAriyoM ke nivAraNa hetu hI praveza ke samaya bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM prazna pUchane kI paramparA thI tathA praznoM kI kasauTI para kharA utarane para hI unheM upasampadA pradAna kI jAtI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bauddha / 1. nirayAvali sUtra, tIsarA varga / 2. uttarAdhyayana niyukti, pR0 136-40. 3. Avazyaka cUrNi, bhAga dvitIya, pR0 204-7. 4. Avazyaka niyukti, 1283. 5. bRhatkalpa bhASya, bhAga caturtha, 4137,

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jana evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNo-saMgha kI sthApanama : 21 bhikSuNI-saMgha meM jaba bhikSuNiyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi hone lagI tabhI prazna pUchane kI paramparA zurU kI gaI tathA usI samaya pravrajyA tathA upasampadA meM bhI bheda kara diyA gyaa| kyoMki bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA ke samaya mahAprajApati gautamI tathA usake sAtha kI nAriyoM ko binA prazna pUche hI saMgha meM sammilita kara liyA gayA thaa| praznoM ke mukhya viSaya zarIra sambandhI hote the| ina praznoM ko antarAyika dharma kahA gayA hai jo nimna hai : 1. vaha animittA arthAt strI-cihna se rahita to nahIM hai ? 2. vaha nimittamattA arthAt nimitta mAtra strI-cihna to nahIM hai ? 3. vaha alohitA arthAt mAsika-dharma se rahita to nahIM hai ? 4. vaha dhruvalohitA tathA dhruvacolA arthAt mAsika-dharma se pIr3ita to nahIM hai ? 5. vaha paggharantI (mAsika-dharma sambandhI roga) se pIr3ita to nahIM hai ? 6. vaha zikhariNI to nahIM hai ? 7. vaha itthipaNDaka (strI-napuMsaka) to nahIM hai ? 8. vaha vepurisikA (puruSocita-vyavahAra) vAlI to nahIM hai ? 9, vaha ubhatovyaJjanA arthAt strI-puruSa donoM ke lakSaNoM se yukta to nahIM hai? 10. use kuThaM (kor3ha) kA roga to nahIM hai ? 11. use gaNDa (phor3A) kA roga to nahIM hai ? 12. use kilAsa (eka prakAra kA carmaroga) to nahIM hai ? 13. use sosa (zotha) kA roga to nahIM hai ? 14. use apamAra (mRgI) kA roga to nahIM hai ? 15. kyA vaha manuSya (manussa) hai ? 16. kyA vaha strI (itthi) hai ? 17. kyA vaha svatantra hai ? 18. kyA vaha RNI hai ? 19. vaha rAjabhaTI arthAt rAjA kI sevA meM lagI sainika-strI to nahIM hai ? 20. kyA use mAtA-pitA yA pati ne bhikSuNI banane kI anumati de dI hai ?

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22 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha 21. kyA vaha pUre bIsa varSa kI hai ? 22. kyA usake pAsa pAtra tathA cIvara paryApta mAtrA meM haiM ? 23. usakA kyA nAma hai ? 24. usakI pravartinI kA kyA nAma hai ?' mahAsAMghika nikAya ke bhikSuNI vinaya meM bhI isI prakAra ke praznoM kA ullekha hai| ina praznoM ko upasampadA ke samaya zikSamANA se pUchane kI paramparA thii| prazna uparyukta rIti se hI pUche jAte the yadyapi unakI rUpa-rekhA kucha bhinna thii| bhikSuNI vinaya meM kucha prazna aise haiM jo theravAdI nikAya ke cullavagga meM nahIM prApta hote / yathA-kyA vaha mAtRghAtinI hai ? kyA vaha pitRghAtinI hai ? kyA vaha arhatghAtinI hai ? saMgha-bhedikA hai ? use yaha saMzaya to nahIM hai ki buddha ne nirvANa prApta kiyA yA nahIM ? vaha bhikSu-dUSikA to nahIM hai ? cora to nahIM hai ? vAtilA, pittilA, piNDilA to nahIM hai ? vaha halavAhinI, pUyavAhinI, cakravAhinI to nahIM hai ? vaha ArdravarNA, zuSkavarNA, zoNitavarNA tathA puruSa-dveSinI to nahIM hai ? ___ina praznoM meM aneka aise prazna the jinakA uttara dene meM bhikSuNI saMkoca karatI thii| ataH yaha vidhAna banAyA gayA ki upasampadA dene ke pahale zikSamANA ko anuzAsana Adi kI zikSA denI cAhie / taduparAnta unheM ina praznoM kI mahattA kA bodha karAyA jAtA thA tathA unheM yaha batAyA jAtA thA ki yaha samaya unake jIvana kA nirNAyaka samaya hai ataH saMgha ke madhya ina praznoM kA uttara saMkocarahita hokara "hA~" yA "nahIM" meM denA caahie| tulanA : isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki praveza ke samaya donoM saMghoM meM yathAsambhava sAvadhAnI baratI jAtI thii| ina praznoM kA atyadhika mahattva thA kyoMki inake mAdhyama se strI ke jIvana kI, vizeSakara usake gRhastha-jIvana kI pUrNa jAnakArI prApta kara lI jAtI thii| isa bAta kA prayatna kiyA jAtA thA ki saMgha meM praveza karane vAlI nArI napusaka, dAsI, RNI yA kiso roga se grasta na ho / strI-napuMsakoM ke praveza se saMgha kI maryAdA ko 1. cullavagga, pR0 391. 2. bhikSuNI vinaya, 635, 36. 3. cullavagga, pR0 393.

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___ jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 23 dhakkA pahuMca sakatA thA tathA sAdhanA meM bhI aneka kaThinAiyA~ upasthita ho sakatI thiiN| RNagrasta nArI ke Upara dAtA kA pUrA adhikAra rahatA thA, ataH RNa ke bhAra se mukta hue binA yadi vaha saMgha meM praveza letI thI to RNadAtA saMgha se usako vApasa lene ke lie kalaha kara sakatA thaa| rogI bhikSuNI prArambha se hI saMgha ke Upara bhAra ho jAtI thI ataH isa sthiti se yathAsambhava bacane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra rAjakIya sevA meM lagI nAro ko praveza nahIM diyA jAtA thA kyoMki isase saMgha meM rAjakIya hastakSepa kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI thii| cU~ki saMgha rAjakIya niyantraNa se mukta rahate the, ataH yaha vizeSa sAvadhAnI rakhI jAtI thI ki saMgha tathA rAjya ke sambandha kaTu na ho ske| isI prakAra praveza ke samaya nArI ko apane saMrakSaka se anumati lenI anivArya thI anyathA bAda meM yaha ghaTanA saMgha aura abhibhAvakoM ke madhya kalaha kA kAraNa banatI thii| isa prasaMga meM sudinnikA' nAmaka bauddha bhikSuNI kA udAharaNa draSTavya hai| pati kI mRtyu ke bAda sudinnikA ne apane saMrakSaka (pati ke anuja) se anumati lie binA hI bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza liyA thaa| bAda meM usake devara ne saMgha meM jAkara sudinnikA kI pravartinI se kalaha kiyA thaa| saMgha ina sabhI kalahoM evaM jhagar3oM se apane ko mukta rakhanA cAhatA thA, kyoMki vaha eka dhArmika saMsthA thI aura dhArmika kAryoM kA nirvahana hI usakA mukhya uddezya thaa| eka antara aura draSTavya hai / jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM dIkSA ke samaya sabhI tathyoM kI sUkSma chAnabIna kara lI jAtI thI parantu bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha meM pravrajyA ke pazcAt upasampadA pradAna karane ke samaya ina praznoM ko pUchA jAtA thaa| vaise, ina praznoM ko pravrajyA (saMgha-praveza) ke samaya hI pUchane kA vidhAna karanA cAhie thA tAki pravrajyA ke pazcAt ina doSoM ke kAraNa kisI zikSamANA ko nirAza na honA pdd'e| pravrajyA aura Ayu jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza ke samaya Ayu-sthAnAMga TIkA ke anusAra jaina bhikSu tathA bhikSuNI-saMgha meM bAla tathA vRddha ko dIkSA denA niSiddha thA / parantu "bAla" zabda kitanI umra kA vAcaka hai-yaha spaSTa nahIM 1. bhikSuNI vinaya, 1158.

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34 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha I hai / vyavahAra sUtra' ke anusAra ATha varSa se kama Ayu vAle kSullakakSullikA upasthApanA ke lie ayogya mAne jAte the / unheM maNDalI meM bhojana grahaNa karane kI anumati nahIM thI / niyamAnusAra binA upasthApanA ke saMgha meM unakI jyeSThatA kA nirdhAraNa nahIM hotA thA / isase spaSTa hai ki ATha varSa se kama Ayu vAle strI-puruSa ko dIkSA dene kA niSedha thA / yadi ve dIkSA grahaNa bhI kara lete the to ATha varSa pUrA kiye binA unheM yathocita adhikAra pradAna nahIM kiyA jAtA thA / kSullikA ke rUpa meM kucha samaya taka niyamoM ko sIkhane ke uparAnta hI vaha bhikSuNI banatI thI / bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza ke samaya Ayu - bhikkhunI pAcittiya niyama ke anusAra 12 varSa se kama kI vivAhita (gihIgatA ) zikSamANA tathA 20 varSa se kama kI avivAhita ( kumArIbhUtA) zikSamANA ko upasampadA denA niSiddha thA arthAt isase kama umra meM vaha bhikSuNI nahIM bana sakatI thI / pravrajyA ke pazcAta zrAmaNerI ke rUpa meM 10 zikSApadoM kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt hI vaha zikSamANA bana sakatI thI / zikSamANA ke rUpa meM use do varSa taka SaDniyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thA / parantu vaha zrAmaNerI ke rUpa meM kitane varSa taka rahatI thI - yaha jJAta nahIM hai / ataH isase yaha patA to nahIM calatA ki pravrajyA arthAt saMgha - praveza ke samaya nArI kI nimnatama Ayu kitanI hotI thI parantu itanA spaSTa hai ki upasampadA ke samaya vivAhita zikSamANA kI umra kama se kama 12 varSa tathA avivAhita zikSamANA kI umra kama se kama 20 varSa rahanI Avazyaka thI / yahA~ vivAhita bhikSuNiyoM se tAtparya una striyoM se pratIta hotA hai jo vivAha ke pazcAt vidhavA ho jAtI thIM aura unake lie saMgha praveza ke atirikta sammAnita jIvana vyatIta karane kA aura koI vikalpa nahIM rahatA thA / uparyukta niyama ke kucha apavAda bhI pAye jAte haiM / mahAvaMsa ke anusAra saMghamitrA ko 18 veM varSa meM pravrajyA tathA upasampadA donoM prApta ho gaI thI / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki deza - kAla ke anusAra niyamoM meM thor3e bahuta parivartana hote rahate the / 1. vyavahAra sUtra, 10 / 20. 2. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 71. 3. vahI, 74. 4. mahAvaMsa, 5 / 205.

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA : 25 dIkSA-vidhi jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM dIkSA-vidhi - saMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogya - tAoM se rahita tathA saMrakSaka se anumati prApta nArI hI jaina bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza kara sakatI thI / striyoM ke dIkSA dhAraNa karane ke samaya kA vistRta vivaraNa jaina granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / saMrakSaka se anumati prApta kara lene para dIkSA ke dina dIkSA mahotsava kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA thA / usa samaya pravezAthinI nArI vividha prakAra kA dAna detI thI jisameM usake dvArA dhAraNa kie hue AbhUSaNa tathA vastra mukhya hote the / tadanantara vaha kalazoM meM rakhe jala se snAna karatI thI / taduparAnta vaha sAdhvI kA vastra dhAraNa kara paJcamuSTi keza luJcana karatI thI / isake uparAnta pravartinI ke dvArA use dIkSA pradAna kI jAtI thI / antakRtadazAMga' meM dIkSA grahaNa karatI huI kucha bhikSuNiyoM ke sambandha meM isI taraha kA varNana prApta hotA hai / anya bhikSuNiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI isI taraha kI prathA kA pAlana kiyA jAtA rahA hogA - yaha sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaina granthoM meM ina dIkSA mahotsavoM kA Ayojana kevala dhanI nAriyoM ke sandarbha meM kiyA gayA hai / nirdhana nAriyA~ kisa prakAra dIkSA grahaNa karatI thIM, granthoM meM isakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / yaha anumAna karanA anucita nahIM hogA ki unakA dIkSA mahotsava atyanta sAdhAraNa rahatA hogA, kyoMki usa prakAra kA dAna ( jaisA varNana hai ) ve kathamapi nahIM kara sakatI thIM / sambhavataH aisI nAriyA~ kevala apanI yogyatA ke bala para hI saMgha meM praveza karatI thiiN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki nirdhana nAriyoM kA dIkSA mahotsava samAja ke zraddhAlu zrAvaka karate rahe hoMge / antakRta dazAMga meM kRSNa dvArA aneka strI-puruSoM ke dIkSA mahotsava karane kA ullekha prApta hai / Adhunika kAla meM bhI jena bhikSuNiyoM ke dIkSA ke samaya yaha paramparA dekhI jAtI hai / jaina bhikSuNiyoM dvArA kezaluJcana kA ullekha abhilekhoM se bhI prApta hotA hai / zakasambat 893 meM utkIrNa karnATaka ke eka abhilekha meM 1. antakRtadazAMga - paJcama tathA saptama varga / .

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26 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bhikSuNI pAmbabbe ke keza-luJcana kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko isa prakAra kI dIkSA-vidhi se do tathya spaSTa rUpa se sAmane Ate haiM / 2 prathama to yaha ki striyoM ko cAhe ve avivAhita hoM yA vivAhita-apane saMrakSaka se anumati lenI anivArya thii| dUsare-unheM kezaluJcana kI prathA kA pAlana karanA par3atA thA / aisA karanA pratyeka ke lie anivArya thA, cAhe vaha kisI rAjagharAne kI rAjakumArI ho athavA koI sAdhAraNa nArI / bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM dIkSA-vidhi : bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM bhI striyoM ke pravajita hone ke vistRta niyama the| bhikSuNI-saMgha meM upasampadA ke pazcAt hI koI nArI bhikSuNI bana sakatI thii| upasampadA ke pUrva use pravrajyA pradAna kI jAtI thii| isa samaya vaha zrAmaNerI kahalAtI thI aura use daza zikSApadoM kA samyakarUpeNa pAlana karanA hotA thA / isake uparAnta use zikSamANA ke rUpa meM kama se kama do varSa taka SaDzikSApadoM ke pAlana kA vrata lenA par3atA thA / yaha bhikSuNI banane ke pahale kI taiyArI hotI thii| bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA ke samaya pravrajyA tathA upasampadA meM isa ' prakAra kA vibhAjana nahIM thaa| ye donoM eka sAtha hI sampanna ho jAtI thiiN| mahAprajApati gautamI tathA usake sAtha kI zAkya nAriyoM kI pravrajyA tathA upasampadA aSTagurudharmoM ko svIkAra kara lene para hI ho gaI thii| sambhavataH saMgha meM nAriyoM kI bar3hatI hayI saMkhyA ko dekhakara tathA ayogya nAriyoM ke praveza ko rokane ke lie isa niyama meM parivartana karake pravrajyA tathA upasampadA meM bheda kara diyA gayA hogaa| sarvaprathama upasampadA cAhane vAlI zikSamANA ke bAre meM upAdhyAyA (jo zikSamANA ko do varSa zikSA pradAna karatI thI) bhikSaNI-saMgha ko sUcita karatI thI ki isa nAma vAlI zikSamANA ko usane (upAdhyAyA ne) zikSita kiyA hai / taduparAnta vaha zikSamANA ke dvArA bhikSuNiyoM ke caraNoM meM vandanA karavAkara upasampadA ke lie yAcanA karavAtI thii| zikSamANA tIna bAra saMgha meM praveza karane ke lie prArthanA karatI thii| isake uparAnta bhikSuNI-saMgha kI koI viduSI bhikSuNI bhikSuNI-saMgha ko 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga dvitIya, pR0 197. ... 2. History of Jaina Monachism, p. 466. 3. draSTavya-isI grantha kA SaSTha adhyAya.

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 27 usa zikSamANA ke bAre meM batAto thI ki yaha isa vizeSa nAma vAlI AryA kI upasampadA cAhane vAlI zikSamANA hai tathA vighnakAraka (antarAyika) praznoM ke pUchane ke lie saMgha kI anumati cAhatI hai| phira saMgha kI anumati se usase antarAyika dharmoM (praznoM) ke viSaya meM pUchA jAtA thaa| yadi vaha praznoM kI kasauTI para kharI utaratI thI to saMgha ko usakI zuddhatA ke bAre meM sUcanA dI jAtI thii| isake uparAnta saMgha se yaha anurodha kiyA jAtA thA ki saMgha yadi ucita samajhe to isa nAma vAlI zikSamANA ko isa vizeSa nAma vAlI AryA ke upAdhyAyatva meM upasampadA kI AjJA pradAna kare / yaha jJapti (ti) hotI thii| isake bAda tIna bAra anuzrAvaNa hotA thA arthAt usI bAta ko saMgha ke samakSa tIna bAra duharAyA jAtA thaa| phira dhAraNA ke samaya yadi saMgha mauna dhAraNa kiye rahatA thA (arthAt zikSamANA ke bAre meM saMgha ko koI zikAyata nahIM hotI thI) to yaha samajhA jAtA thA ki saMgha ko isakA (zikSamANA kA) upasampanna honA svIkAra hai| isake turanta bAda vaha zikSamANA bhikSu-saMgha meM lAyI jAtI thI tathA bhikSaNI-saMgha meM sampanna huI sArI kAryavAhiyAM punaH duharAyI jAtI thiiN| yadi dhAraNA ke samaya bhikSa-saMgha mauna dhAraNa kiye rahatA thA to vaha zikSamANA turanta bauddhasaMgha meM upasampanna kara lI jAtI thI arthAt aba vaha pUre arthoM meM bhikSuNI kahalAne kI adhikAriNI ho jAtI thii|' bhikSuNiyoM kI upasampadA aTThavAcika upasampadA kahI jAtI thI kyoMki inake sandarbha meM "ati catutthakamma" kA pAlana do bAra (pahale bhikSuNI-saMgha meM tatpazcAt bhikSu-saMgha meM) hotA thaa| eka jJapti (ati) tathA tIna anuzrAvaNa ko aticatutthakamma kahA jAtA thaa| . upasampadA pradAna karane vAlI pratinI (upAdhyAyA athavA upAdhyA. yinI) kI yogyatA kA bhI dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| bhikSuNo-saMgha kI koI yogya upAdhyAyA hI kisI zikSamANA ko upasampadA pradAna kara sakatI thii| kama se kama 12 varSa taka bhikSuNI kA jIvana vyatIta kI huI pravatinI hI upasampadA pradAna karane kI adhikAriNI thii| vaha binA saMgha kI sammati ke kisI zikSamANA ko upasampadA pradAna nahIM kara sakatI thii| use apano zikSamANA ko pUre do varSa taka SaDdharmoM kA 1. cullavagga, pR0 393-95; bhikSuNI vinaya, 628-66. 2. samantapAsAdikA, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1514. 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 74 aura 75. 4. draSTavya-isI prantha kA SaSTha adhyAya.

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28 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha samyak pAlana karAnA par3atA thaa| isa niyama kI avahelanA karane para use pAcittiya kA daNDa lagatA thaa|' apanI zikSamANA ke sAtha pravartinI ko kama se kama 5-6 yojana taka yAtrA karane kA vidhAna thA / 2 sambhavataH isase yaha vizvAsa kiyA gayA thA ki zikSamANA isa bhramaNa se apanI bhaviSya kI paristhitiyoM ke prati jAgarUka ho jaayegii| prArambha meM bhikSu hI bhikSuNI ko upasampadA pradAna kara sakatA thA jisakI anumati svayaM buddha ne dI thI / parantu bAda meM isa niyama meM parivartana AyA / parivartita niyama ke anusAra zikSamANA ko sarvaprathama bhikSuNI-saMgha meM upasampadA pradAna kI jAtI thI, tadanantara bhikSu-saMgha meM / mahAvaMsa meM hama dekhate haiM ki thera mahendra ne siMhala rAjA kI rAniyoM ko upasampadA denA asvIkAra kara diyA thA tathA apanI bahana therI saMghamitrA ko bhArata se bulAne kI rAya dI thii| upasampadA ko anumati dene vAle saMgha meM usake sadasyoM kI saMkhyA kitanI hotI thI, bhikSuNI-saMgha ke sambandha meM isakA ullekha to nahIM milatA parantu bhikSu kI upasampadA ke sambandha meM saMgha kI saMkhyA kA ullekha milatA hai| madhyama deza (uttara-pradeza, bihAra Adi kA adhikAMza bhAga) meM saMgha ke sadasyoM kI saMkhyA kama se kama 10 honI cAhie / gaNapUti meM yogya bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kI gaNanA hotI thii| isake bAhara ke bhUbhAga arthAt dakSiNa tathA sImAnta Adi pradezoM meM saMgha kI saMkhyA kama se kama 5 ho sakatI thii| sambhavataH bhikSaNioM ke sandarbha meM bhI isI niyama kA pAlana kiyA jAtA rahA hogaa| bauddha saMgha meM praveza ke uparAnta bhikSuNI ko samaya kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie chAyA ko mApane kI prakriyA kA jJAna karAyA jAtA thaa| chAyA-jJAnake dvArA use Rtu tathA dina ke samyaka vibhAjana kA bodha karAyA jAtA thA tAki bhojana, bhramaNa tathA adhyayana ke sambandha meM use koI kaThinAI na ho| isake uparAnta use tIna nizraya batalAe jAte the jo nimna the| (1) use aba jIvana bhara bhikSA mA~gakara bhojana karanA pdd'egaa| (2) jIrNa vastra (pA~sukula) dhAraNA karanA pdd'egaa| 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 63, 66, 67, 72. 2. vahI, 70. 3. cullavagga, pR. 377. 4. mahAvaMsa 15/19-23.

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 29 (3) auSadhi ke rUpa meM use gomUtra kA sevana karanA pdd'egaa|' tIna nizrayoM ko batalAne ke uparAnta bhikSuNI ko ATha akaraNIya dharmoM kA jJAna karAyA jAtA thaa| ye akaraNIya dharma pArAjika daNDa ke hI niyama the / ina akaraNIya dharmoM se unheM sarvadA virata rahane kI zikSA dI jAtI thI / bhikSuNiyoM ke akaraNIya (pArAjika) nimna the: 1. maithuna karanA 2. corI kI vastu grahaNa karanA 3. jAna-bUjhakara hatyA karanA / 4. divya zakti kA pradarzana karanA 5. kAmAsakta hokara kisI puruSa kA sparza karanA 6. pArAjika aparAdhinI bhikSuNI ko jAnate hue bhI saMgha ko na sUcita karanA 7. saMgha se niSkAsita bhikSu kA anugamana karanA 8. kAmAsakta hokara kisI kAmuka puruSa ke sAtha ekAnta sthAna meM . jAnA bauddha saMgha meM bhikSuNiyA~ dUta bhejakara bhI upasampadA prApta kara sakatI thiiN| parantu yaha sAmAnya niyama nahIM thA aura kevala usI sthiti meM kiyA jAtA thA jaba bhikSu-saMgha kahIM dUra rahatA thA tathA bhikSaNI ke svayaM vahA~ upasthita hone para usake zIla-surakSA kA bhaya rahatA thA / yahA~ bhI upasampadA ke sAre niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA thaa| yaha isalie sambhava ho pAtA thA ki upasampadA sambandhI sArI aupacArikatA bhikSuNI-saMgha meM pahale hI pUrI ho jAtI thii| kAzI kI gaNikA aDDhakAzI ne dUta bhejakara upasampadA prApta kI thI, kyoMki bhikSu-saMgha taka pahu~cane meM use apane zIla kI surakSA ke sambandha meM khatarA pratIta ho rahA thA / bhikSuNI-saMgha kI koI catura sadasyA hI dutI kA kAma kara sakatI zrI / bhikSu-saMgha se vaha batAtI thI ki upasampadA kI icchuka zikSamANA sabhI doSoM se rahita hai, usase antarAyika dharmoM ke viSaya meM pUchA jA cukA hai tathA upasampadA ke lie bhikSuNo-saMgha kI anumati mila cukI hai| aba use bhikSu-saMgha kI anumati apekSita hai| bhikSu-saMgha kI 1. cullavagga, pR0 395. 2. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pArAjika, 1-8. 3, cullavagga, pR0 397-99; bhikSuNI vinaya, 570-83.

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30 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha anumati prApta hone para use bhikSuNI saMgha meM upasampanna kara liyA jAtA thA / draSTavya hai ki bhikSuoM ko dUta bhejakara upasampadA prApta karane kA vidhAna nahIM thA kyoMki unheM upasampanna hone ke lie kevala bhikSu saMgha kI hI anumati Avazyaka thii| isake viparIta, bhikSuNiyoM ko donoM saMghoM se anumati prApta karanI Avazyaka thii| binA bhikSu saMgha kI anumati ke unakI upasampadA nahIM ho sakatI thI / tulanA : donoM dharmoM meM bhikSuNI saMgha meM nAriyoM ke praveza sambandhI vibhinna pahaluoM para vicAra karate hue hama dekhate haiM ki praveza sambandhI niyamoM meM donoM dharmoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatAe~ thIM, kintu kucha antara bhI the / donoM saMghoM meM praveza ke lie nArI ko apane saMrakSaka se anumati lenI anivArya thI / saMrakSaka -- mAtA-pitA, bhAI, pati athavA putra koI bhI ho sakatA thaa| saMgha meM binA saMrakSaka kI anumati ke praveza karane para saMgha tathA bhikSuNI ke saMrakSaka ke madhya kaTutA bar3hatI thI / ataH saMrakSaka kI anumati ko Avazyaka mAnakara aise vivAdoM se bacane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA thA / donoM saMghoM meM bhikSuNI banane ke pUrva use niyamoM ko sIkhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thA / jaina bhikSuNI kSullikA ke rUpa meM kucha samaya taka kisI yogya bhikSuNI kI dekha-rekha meM rahatI thI tathA niyama ko sIkhane ke uparAta vaha bhikSuNI kahalAtI thI / isI prakAra bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM nArI zrAmaNerI ke rUpa meM 10 zikSApadoM tathA zikSamANA ke rUpa meM kama se kama do varSa taka SaDniyamoM kI jAnakArI prApta karatI thI / taduparAnta usakI upasampadA hotI thI / saMgha meM praveza sambandhI niyamoM meM donoM saMghoM meM kucha mUlabhUta antara bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / jaina bhikSuNI saMgha meM keza-luJcana kI prathA anivArya thI jabaki bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM isa prakAra kA koI niyama nahIM thA / bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ kevala sira ke bAla kaTavA letI thIM / jaina bhikSuNI saMgha meM prathama dIkSA ke samaya nArI ke pUrva jIvana (gRhasthajIvana), roga, vyAdhi kI pUrI jAnakArI prApta kara lI jAtI thI jabaki bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM ye sArI jAnakAriyA~ upasampadA ke samaya prApta kI jAtI thiiN| isake atirikta bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM dRtI bhejakara bhI upasampadA

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jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA : 31 prApta kI jA sakatI thii| para aisA koI udAharaNa jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha ke sandarbha meM nahIM prApta hotA / dIkSA-vidhi meM bhI antara thaa| bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM upasampadA prApta karane ke lie zikSamANA ko lambI prakriyA se gujaranA par3atA thaa| bhikSu tathA bhikSuNI-donoM saMghoM kI sahamati anivArya thii| sarvaprathama bhikSuNI-saMgha meM tatpazcAt bhikSu-saMgha meM upasampadA prApta karane ke lie jJapti tathA tIna bAra vAcanA (anuzrAvaNa) kI jAtI thI tathA anta meM dhAraNA ke dvArA saMgha kI mauna sahamati se usakI svIkRti kI sUcanA milatI thI / jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM itanI lambI prakriyA nahIM thii| kSullikA ke rUpa meM sAmAyika cAritra grahaNa karane ke pazcAt bhikSuNI AcAraniyamoM kI pUrNa jAnakArI prApta karatI thii| taduparAnta vaha pravartinI se bar3I dIkSA grahaNa karatI thii| ise jaina paramparA meM chedosthApanIya cAritra yA mahAvratArohaNa kahA jAtA thaa| bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha meM upasampadA pradAna karane ke pazcAt bhikSuNI ko tIna nizraya tathA ATha akaraNIya karma batalAe jAte the| jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke sandarbha meM isa prakAra ke nizraya tathA akaraNIya karmoM kA koI ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / yadyapi inakA pAlana jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM bhI hotA thaa|

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dvitIya adhyAya AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra sambandhI niyama jaina saMgha meM bhojana, vastra, pAtra Adi ke bAre meM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie alaga se niyama nirdhArita nahIM kiye gaye the / niyamoM ke prasaMga meM "bhikkha vA bhikkhuNI vA" tathA "niggantha vA nimganthI vA" zabda se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke lie prAyaH samAna niyamoM kI vyavasthA thii| bhikSuNiyoM kI bhikSAvRtti kI tulanA bhramara se kI gayI hai| jisa prakAra bhramara phUloM ko kisI prakAra kI pIr3A na detA huA usake rasa ko grahaNa kara apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kara letA hai, usI prakAra bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko gRhasthoM ko kisI prakAra kI pIr3A na dete hue unake dvArA banAye gaye bhojana meM se apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kara lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa|' unheM svAdiSTa bhojana kI lAlaca meM kisI sampanna ghara meM jAne kA niSedha thA, apitu unheM salAha dI gayI thI ki ve sabhI gharoM se thor3Athor3A bhojana grahaNa kreN| yadyapi eka hI ghara se bhI bhojana grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA thaa| yadi varSA ho rahI ho, ghanA kuharA par3a rahA ho, A~dhI cala rahI ho yA TiDDI Adi jIva-jantu idhara-udhara ghUma rahe hoM to aise samaya bhikSAvRtti ke lie jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| jisa svAmI ke upAzraya (zayyAtara) meM bhikSuNI raha rahI ho, usake ghara se bhikSA grahaNa karanA niSiddha thaa| dUsare ke ghara kA AhAra bhI yadi zayyAtara ke yahA~ A jAya, taba bhI vaha usake yahA~ se bhojana nahIM le sakatI thii| bhikSA-vRtti ke lie bhikSuNI ko akele jAnA niSiddha thaa| use do yA tIna 1. dazavakAlika, 1/2-4. 2. vahI, 8/23. 3. vahI, 5/1/8. 4. bRhatkalpa sUtra 2/13.

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AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 33 bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha jAne kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thaa| use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha udvignatA rahita, zAntacitta hokara bhikSA ke lie dhIre-dhIre jAya / 2 vaha yuga-pramANa dRSTi ko dekhatI huI tathA bIja, hariyAlI, jIva, jala tathA sajIva miTTI ko bacAtI huI cale / yahA~ yuga-pramANa kA artha bhASyakAroM ne sAmane kI cAra hAtha bhUmi se liyA hai arthAt unheM utanI dUrI taka dekhakara calanA caahie| isase yaha vizvAsa kiyA gayA thA ki unakA mana caJcala nahIM hogA tathA kisI sUkSma prANI kI hiMsA kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM rhegii| bhikSuNI ko viSama mArga tathA per3oM yA anAjoM ke DaNThaloM se yukta mArga para calane kA niSedha thaa| kIcar3ayukta rAste se bhI yathAsambhava bacane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA. kyoMki isase yaha sambhava thA ki sAdhvI phisala jAya aura gira pdd'e| parantu yadi jAne kA dUsarA uttama mArga na ho, to vaha usa rAste se sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jA sakatI thii|5 bhikSuNI ko koyale, rAkha, bhUse aura gobara ke Dhera ke Upara se jAne kA niSedha thaa| rAste para yadi kATane vAlA kuttA, unmatta baila, ghor3A yA hAthI ho athavA yuddhasthala par3atA ho to yathAsambhava use usa rAste se baca kara jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| use atizIghratA se nahIM calanA caahie| calate hue ha~sanA yA vArtAlApa karanA bhI vajita thaa| use bhikSA ke lie AturatA nahIM vyakta karanI cAhie, apitu apanI indriyoM para saMyama rakhanA caahie| jisa rAste para rAjA, kotavAla Adi rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke bhavana par3ate hoM, bhikSaNI ko usa rAste se jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA kyoMki aise aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiM ki rAjA Adi sundara bhikSuNiyoM ko dekhakara unheM apane antaHpura meM rakhane kA prayatna karate the| AcArya kAlaka 1. bRhatkalpa sUtra, 5/16. 2. dazavaikAlika, 5/1/2. 3. vahI, 5/1/3. 4. vahI, 5/1/4. 2. vahI, 5/1/5. vahI, 5/1/7. 7. vahI, 5/1/2. 8. vahI, 5/1/13-14. 9. vahI 5/1/16.

Page #53
34 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI bahana bhikSuNI sarasvatI para ujjaina ke rAjA gardabhilla kI Asakta ho jAne kI kathA sarvaprasiddha hai| isI prakAra rAste para yadi pakSIgaNa dAnA cuga rahe hoM to unheM usa rAste se bhI jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA tathA sAtha hI yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya rAste meM na to kahIM baiThe aura na kahIM khar3e hokara sambhASaNa kreN|' bhikSuNI ko AhAra ke lie ucca-nimna sabhI gharoM meM jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA tathApi vaha binA soce-vicAre sabhI logoM ke yahA~ bhikSA ke lie nahIM jA sakatI thI / vezyA ke muhalle meM jAnA tathA vahA~ bhikSA grahaNa karanA niSiddha thA kyoMki aise sthAna para jAne se vaha zakA kA pAtra bana sakatI thii| isI prakAra paravartI grantha nizItha sUtra ke anusAra ghRNita kuloM (dugucchiyaM kulesu) meM bhikSA prApta karanA niSiddha thaa| TIkAkAra ne ghRNita kula kA artha lohAra, varUr3a, camAra tathA kallAla Adi kuloM se kiyA hai| / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki samAja meM jAti-prathA ke bandhana kaThora hote jA rahe the aura zramaNoM kI dhArmika saMsthAe~ bhI isase achUtI na raha sakI thii| sthAnAMga meM AhAra ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiN| a-asaNaM-anna se nirmita khAdya-padArtha ba-pANaM-peya-padArtha sa-khAimaM-lauMga, ilAyacI Adi mukha-zuddhi ke padArtha da-sAimaM-miSThAnna Adi svAdiSTa padArtha jaina granthoM meM upayukta tathA anupayukta prakAra ke AhAra kA samyak vivecana hai / sAdhvI ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha upayukta AhAra hI grahaNa kare | AhAra se sambandhita doSoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| (ka) udgama (kha) utpAdana (ga) eSaNA (gha) paribhoga 1. dazavakAlika, 5/2/7-8. 2. vahI, 5/1/9-10. 3. nizIthasUtra, 16/28-32; vizeSa cUNi, bhAga caturtha, 5760. 4. sthAnAMga, 4/295. 5. uttarAdhyayana, 24/12.

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AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 35 piNDaniyukti' meM AhAra-prApti ke 42 tathA AhAra-grahaNa karane (paribhoga) ke 5 doSa batAye gaye haiN| AhAra ke 42 doSoM meM 16 udgama ke, 16 utpAdana ke tathA 10 eSaNA ke haiN| udgama ke 16 doSa (1) AdhAkarma-vizeSa sAdhU ke uddezya se AhAra banAnA, (2) auddezika-bhikSuoM ke uddezya se AhAra banAnA, (3) pUtikarma-zuddha AhAra ko azuddha AhAra se mizrita karanA, (4) mizrajAta-apane lie va sAdhU ke lie milAkara AhAra banAnA, (5) sthApanA-sAdhU ke lie koI khAdya padArtha alaga rakha denA, (6) prAbhRtikA-sAdha ko nikaTa ke gAvoM meM AyA jAnakara bhoja ke dina ko idhara-udhara karanA, (7) prAdukaraNa-andhakArayukta sthAna meM dIpaka Adi kA prakAza karake bhojana banAnA, (8) krIta-kharIdA huA AhAra (9) prAmitya-udhAra lAyA huA, (10) parivartita-adalA-badalI karake lAyA huA, (11) abhihata-sAdhU ko dUra se lAkara AhAra denA, (12) udbhinna-sAdhu ke lie lipta pAtra kA muMha kholakara ghRta Adi denA, (13) mAlApahRta-Upara kI maMjila yA sIr3hI se utara kara denA, (14) Acchedya-durbala se chIna kara denA, (15) anisRSTa-sAMjhe kI vastu ko dUsaroM kI AjJA ke binA denA, (16) ajjhoyara-sAdhU ko AyA huA jAnakara apane lie banAye jAne vAle bhojana meM aura mAtrA bar3hA denaa| ___ utpAdana ke 16 doSa:-(1) dhAtrI-dhAya kI taraha gRhastha ke bAlakoM ko prasanna karake AhAra lenA, (2) dUtI-saMdezavAhaka banakara AhAra lenA, (3) nimitta-zubhAzubha kA nimitta batAkara AhAra lenA, (4) AjIva-AhAra ke lie jAti-kula Adi batAnA, (5) vanIpaka-gRhastha kI prazaMsA karake bhikSA lanA, (6)cikitsA-auSadhi Adi batAkara AhAra lenA, (7) krodha-krodha karake yA zApAdi kA bhaya dikhAkara AhAra lenA, (8) mAna-apanA prabhutva batAkara AhAra lenA, (9) mAyA-chala-kapaTa se AhAra lenA, (10) lobha-susvAdu bhikSA ke lie adhika gaveSaNA karanA, (11) pUrvapazcAtsaMstava-gRhastha ke mAtA-pitA athavA sAsa-sasura se apanA paricaya batAkara bhikSA lenA, (12) vidyA-vidyA prayoga karake bhikSA lenA, (13) mantra-mantra-prayoga se AhAra lenA, (14) cUrNa 1. piNDaniyukti, 669. 2. vahI, 92-93. 3. vahI, 408-409.

Page #55
36 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha cUrNa Adi vazIkaraNa mantroM kA prayoga karake AhAra lanA, (15) yogasiddhi Adi yoga-vidyA kA prayoga karake AhAra lenA, (16) mUlakarmagarbhastambhana Adi vidyA kA prayoga karake AhAra lenA, eSaNA ke 10 doSa'-(1) zaMkita-AdhAkarmAdi doSoM kI zaMkA hone para bhI AhAra lenA, (2) mudrita-sacittayukta AhAra lenA, (3) nikSipta-sacitta vastu para rakkhA huA AhAra lenA, (4) pihitasacitta vastu se DhaMkA huA AhAra lenA, (5) saMhRta-pAtra meM pahale se rakhehae anupayukta padArtha ko nikAla kara usI pAtra se lenA, (6) dAyakagarbhiNI Adi se AhAra lenA, (7) unmizra-sacitta se mizrita AhAra lenA, (8) apariNata-adhapakA AhAra lenA, (9) lipta-dahI, ghRta Adi se lipta pAtra yA hAtha se AhAra lenA, (10) chadita-aisA AhAra jisa para pAnI ke chIMTe Adi par3e hoM athavA dete samaya bAhara giratA huA AhAra lenaa| paribhoga ke 5 doSa-(1) saMyojana-bhojana ko susvAdu banAne ke lie dUdha, zakkara Adi padArtha milAnA, (2) apramANa-pramANa se adhika bhojana karanA, (3) aMgAra-susvAdu bhojana ko prazaMsA karate huye khAnA, (4) dhUma-svAdarahita AhAra ko nindA karate huye grahaNa karanA, (5) akAraNa-AhAra karane ke chaH kAraNoM ke atirikta bala-vRddhi ke lie AhAra krnaa| bhikSuNI ko AhAra sambandhI uparyukta doSoM se rahita AhAra ha grahaNa karane aura upabhoga karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| AhAra se sambandhita uparyukta niyamoM kA yadi hama sukSmatA se avalokana kareM to ina sAre niyamoM ke mUla meM jainadharma kA ahiMsAparaka dRSTikoNa dikhAyI par3atA hai| kisI bhI paristhiti meM sUkSmajIva kI hatyA na ho isakA kaThoratA se pAlana kiyA jAtA thaa| isake sAtha hI yaha bhI dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA ki gRhastha ke Upara bhojana kA atirikta bhAra na pdd'e| gRhastha ke dvArA diye gaye bhojana kI vaha nindA nahIM kara sakatI thI-apitu bhojana cAhe svAdiSTa ho yA svAda-rahita, use samabhAva se khAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| bhojana ko vyartha meM pheMkane kI anumati nahIM thii|' 1. piNDaniyukti, 520. 2. vahI, 635-668. 3. dazavakAlika, 5/2/1.

Page #56
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 37 AhAra kA uddezya susvAdu bhojana karanA athavA zarIra ko hRSTa-puSTa banAye rakhanA nahIM thA apitu kevala jIvana-nirvAha karanA thA, arthAt rUkhA-sUkhA khAkara zarIra ko kevala isa yogya banAye rakhanA thA tAki saralatApUrvaka dharma-sAdhanA kI jA sake / uttarAdhyayana meM bhojana grahaNa karane ke chaH hetuoM kA ullekha hai| (1) veyaNa-kSudhA-vedanA kI zAnti ke lie (2) veyAvacce-veyAvatya (sevA) ke lie (3) iriyaTThAye-IryAsamiti ke pAlana ke lie (4) saMjamaTTAe-saMyama pAlana ke lie (5) pANavattiyAe-prANoM kI rakSA ke lie (6) dhammacintAe-dharmacintana ke lie ___ spaSTa hai ki jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM se yaha AzA kI gayI thI ki ve zarIra ke prati anAvazyaka moha ko tyAgeM tathA antaHkaraNa kI una zaktiyoM kA vikAsa kareM jisase nirvANa kI prApti ho ske| kisI bhI dazA meM bhikSuNI ko madirApAna kI AjJA nahIM thii| isI sandarbha meM unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki svAdiSTa bhojana kI lAlaca meM ve nirdhana gRhasthoM ke gharoM ko chor3akara dhanI gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM na jaayeN| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra bhiSaNA ke lie jAne kA zreSTha samaya dina kA tRtIya prahara hai| sUryodaya se pUrva tathA sUryAsta ke bAda AhAra lenA sarvathA vajita thaa| isI prakAra rAtri meM bhojana karane kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| rAtri meM sUkSma prANI dikhAyI nahIM dete haiN| ataH isameM hiMsA kI prabala sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina sAdhu yA sAdhvI ko dina meM kevala eka bAra bhojana karane kA vidhAna thA / prathama prahara meM lAye huye bhojana ko antima prahara taka rakhanA niSiddha thaa| yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki aise lAye 1. uttarAdhyayana, 26/33. 2. dazavaikAlika, 5/2/36. 3. vahI, 5/2/25. 4. uttarAdhyayana, 30/21; 26/32. 5. dazavaikAlika, 8/28. 6. vahI, 6/24-26; bRhatkalpa sUtra, 1/44, 5/47.

Page #57
38 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ye AhAra ko na to ve svayaM khaoNya aura na to kisI dUsare ko deM apitu kisI ekAnta sthAna meM usa AhAra kA parityAga kara deM / ' isI prakAra bhikSuNI ne yadi zaMkAoM se yukta bhojana svIkAra kara liyA ho to use na svayaM grahaNa karanA cAhie aura na kisI dUsare ko denA caahie| hA~, yadi koI anupasthApita ziSyA (aNuvaTTAviyae) ho to use vaha bhojana de sakatI thI / navadIkSitA sAdhvI kA jaba taka yAvajjIvana ke lie mahAvratArohaNa nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha anupasthApita ziSyA kahalAtI thI / bhikSA ke lie apane gaccha se bahuta dUra jAne kA vidhAna nahIM thA / uttarAdhyayana' ke anusAra bhikSuNI bhikSA ke lie Adhe yojana kI dUrI taka jA sakatI thI / bRhatkalpa sUtra ke anusAra vaha eka koza sahita eka yojana kA avagraha karake raha sakatI thI arthAt 23 kog2a jAnA aura 23 koza lauTanA - isa prakAra 5 koza jAne-Ane kA niyama thA / digambara jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra sambandhI niyama digambara sampradAya ke granthoM se bhikSuNiyoM ke bAre meM atyanta alpa sUcanA prApta hotI hai / zvetAmbara granthoM meM "bhikkhu vA bhikkhuNI vA" athavA "niggantha vA nigganthI vA" kahakara bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke madhya jisa prakAra niyamoM ke prasaMga meM prAyaH samAnatA pradarzita kI gaI hai usakA bhI yahA~ abhAva hai / parantu mUlAcAra ke eka zloka se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki jo niyama bhikSuoM ke lie haiM, ve yathAyogya bhikSuNiyoM ke lie bhI prayukta ho sakate haiM / " isake atirikta, bhikSuNiyoM ke lie alaga se kucha niyama bhI granthoM meM yatra-tatra prApta ho jAte haiM, jinake AdhAra para unake AhAra sambandhI niyamoM kI eka saMkSipta rUpa-rekhA prastuta kI sakatI hai / 5/14. 1. bRhatkalpa sUtra, 2 . vahI, 4 / 18. 3. uttarAdhyayana, 26/36. 4. bRhatkalpa sUtra, 3/34. 5. " eso ajjAMnaviya samAcAro jahAkkhio puNyaM savvahni ahorate vibhAsidavvo jadhAjogaM / --mUlAcAra, 4/187.

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AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 39 AhAra ke lie bhikSuNiyoM ko akele jAnA niSiddha thaa| unheM 3, 5 yA 7 kI saMkhyA meM jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| isake atirikta bhikSA-vRtti yA yAtrA Adi ke samaya eka therI (sthavirA) bhI sarvadA sAtha rahatI thii| bhikSuNiyoM ko apane lie bhojana banAnA yA kisI kArya ke lie Aga jalAnA sarvathA niSiddha thaa| bhikSu-bhikSaNiyoM ko paraspara eka dUsare ko bhojana denA niSiddha thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ko dina meM eka bAra bhojana grahaNa karane kA nirdeza thA / sUryodaya ke pazcAt tathA sUryAsta ke pUrva bhojana kara lene kA vidhAna thA / ___ bhikSuNiyoM ko doSa-rahita AhAra hI grahaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / zvetAmbara granthoM meM ullikhita udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA tathA paribhoga ke AhAra sambandhI doSa digambara graMtha mUlAcAra meM bhI prApta hote haiN| isake atirikta zuddha AhAra prApta hone para bhI kucha paristhitiyoM meM bhojana grahaNa karane se niSedha kiyA gayA thA-yathA-bhikSuNI ko yadi kauvA chu le, vaha vamana kara de, vaha apanA yA dUsare kA khUna dekha le, jIva-hiMsA ho jAya, koI usa para prahAra kara de, gA~va meM Aga laga jAya Adi / ___ jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM meM AhAra sanbandhI niyamoM meM prAyaH samAnatA dIkha par3atI hai| donoM meM mukhya antara yaha thA ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAdhviyA~ pAtra meM bhikSA lAkara apane Thaharane ke sthAna para usakA bhoga karatI thI jabaki digambara paramparA meM bhikSuNiyAM gRhastha ke ghara para svahasta meM bhikSA grahaNa kara vahIM usakA upabhoga kara letI thiiN| bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra sambandhI niyama jaina saMgha kI taraha bauddha saMgha meM bhI bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke niyamoM meM koI adhika asamAnatA nahIM thI / bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke jo niyama samAna 1. mUlAcAra, 4/194. 2. vahI, 4/194. 3. vahI, 4/193. 4. vahI, 6/49. 5. vahI, 6/73. 6. vahI, 6/3-57, 6/63. 7. vahI, 6/76-82.

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40 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha the-unake sambandha meM bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSuoM ke samAna hI AcaraNa karane kA nirdeza svayaM buddha ne diyA thA / ' bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA bhojana sAdA tathA sAtvika rahatA thaa| AhAra sambandhI aneka niyama the jinakA pAlana karanA unakA prathama kartavya thaa| bhojana meM lahasuna tathA pyAja kA prayoga niSiddha thA / 2 mA~gakara yA bhUnakara bhI vaha kacce anAja ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatI thii| isI prakAra surA-pAna (surAmeraya) bhikSuNiyoM ke lie sarvathA varjita thaa| svastha bhikSuNI ke lie ghI, dahI, tela, madhu, dUdha, makkhana tathA mAMsa kA grahaNa karanA bhI vajita thA / ina padArthoM ko grahaNa karane para pratidezanA kA daNDa lagatA thaa| yahA~ yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki bauddha saMgha meM mAMsa khAnA kahA~ taka ucita thA / vinaya piTaka meM RSipattana (sAranAtha) kI rahane vAlI prasiddha upAsikA supriyA ke dvArA apanA mAMsa dene kA ullekha hai| prasaMga ke anusAra eka bauddha bhikSu ne julAba (virecana) le liyA thA, usakI vedanA ko zAnta karane ke lie anudiSTa mAMsa na milane para supriyA ne apane jA~gha ke mAMsa ko kATakara diyA thaa| yaha ghaTanA jaba buddha ko jJAta huI to unhoMne usa bauddha bhikSu ko bahuta phaTakArA tathA dubhikSa Adi ke avasara para bhI manuSya, hAthI, kutte, siMha, bAgha, cIte Adi kA mAMsa khAnA niSiddha tthhraayaa| isa prakAra kA mAMsa khAne vAlA thullaccaya kA gambhIra doSI mAnA jAtA thaa| isa kathA se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bauddha saMgha meM bhikSu yA bhikSuNI dvArA mAMsa khAnA sarvathA niSiddha nahIM thaa| roga ke nivAraNa hetu mAMsa kA auSadha ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA jA sakatA thaa| bauddha bhikSaNiyoM ko vikAla (madhyAhna ke bAda) meM bhojana karanA niSiddha thaa| aisA karane para unheM pAcittiya ke daNDa kA bhAgI bananA (madhyAhna ke bAda meM bhojana karanA 1. cullavagga, pR0 379. 2. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 1. 3. vahI, 7. 4. vahI, 132. 5. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pATidesanIya, 1-8. 6. mahAvagga, pR0 232. 7. vahI, pR0 233-236.

Page #60
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 41 par3atA thaa| isI prakAra saMgraha karake khAdya-padArtha ko grahaNa karanA bhI niSiddha thA / yadi bhojana AvazyakatA se adhika prApta ho gayA ho to bhojana ko dUsare bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha milakara khAne kA vidhAna thaa| parantu jahA~ taka bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko Apasa meM bhojana dene kA prazna thA-isakA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| kyoMki logoM meM isase asantoSa phailatA thA ki kyA ve svayaM bhikSuNiyoM ko bhojana nahIM de skte| ataH yaha niyama pratipAdita kiyA gayA ki bhikSu-bhikSuNI ke pAsa yadi AvazyakatA se adhika bhojana ekatrita ho jAya to use saMgha meM de deN| ___ sAmAnya niyamoM ke anusAra bhikSuNiyA~ bhikSu ke sAtha bhojana nahIM kara sakatI thiiN| parantu cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna ne bhArata Ate hue kucha bauddha bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko sAtha-sAtha bhojana karate hue dekhA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki bAda meM bhikSa-bhikSaNiyoM ko sAtha-sAtha bhojana karane kI anumati mila gayI thii| bhikkhunI pAcittiya niyama ke anusAra bhI bhikSuNI kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM gaNa (samUha) ke sAtha bhojana kara sakatI thii| (1) rogI hone para (2) cIvara-dAna tathA cIvara banAne ke avasara para (3) yAtrA ke samaya (4) nAva para ArUr3ha hone para (5) bhikSu-saMgha ke bhojana ke avasara para (6) buddha Adi ke darzana ke lie jAte samaya bhikSuNI ko kisI puruSa ke sAtha ekAnta meM athavA eka hI Asana baiThakara bhojana karanA niSiddha thaa| isase logoM meM janApavAda phailane kA Dara thaa| prApta bhojana ko grahaNa karane ke sambandha meM aneka niyamoM kA 1. pAtimokkha, bhivakhunI pAcittiya, 120. 2. vahI, 121. 3. cullavagga, pR0 390. 4. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol. I. P. 20-21. 5. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 118. 6. vahI, 125-126.

Page #61
42 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha pAlana karanA par3atA thaa| bhikSA-pAtra meM eka tarapha se hI bhojana grahaNa karane kA vidhAna thA / ' ___ use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki piMDa (grAsa) ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka muMha meM DAle tathA lAlacavaza adhika pAne ke lie dAla yA bhAjI ko cAvala Adi se na DhaMke / bhojana kA grAsa na to adhika bar3A honA cAhie aura na adhika choTA / usakA AkAra gola honA caahie| use yaha zikSA do gayI thI ki grAsa ko mukha taka lAye binA muMha na khole tathA bhojana karate samaya hAtha kI pUrI u~galiyoM ko muMha meM na DAle-yaha asabhyatA kA dyotaka mAnA jAtA thaa| pratyeka bhikSuNI ko yaha bhI nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki grAsa ko uchAla-uchAla kara na khAye / isI prakAra vastu ko kATa-kATakara khAnA niSiddha thaa| bhikSuNI ko bhojana grahaNa karate samaya na to gAla phulAnA cAhie aura na hAtha jhAr3anA cAhie / khAte samaya mu~ha se AvAja bhI nahIM utpanna karanI caahie| bhikSApAtra ko hAtha yA oTha se cATanA bhI anucita mAnA gayA thaa| isI prakAra jUThana lage hAtha se pAnI ke bartana ko pakar3anA tathA jUThana lage pAtra ko ghara meM hI chor3a denA anucita mAnA gayA thA-ina niyamoM kA ullaMghana karane para saMgha ke niyamAnusAra dukkaTa ke daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thA / cauthI zatAbdI meM Ane vAle cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna ne khotAna meM kucha bauddha bhikSuoM ko eka sAtha bhojana karate hue dekhA thA / usane likhA hai ki bhojana grahaNa karate samaya ve bilkula zAnta rahate the tathA AvazyakatAnusAra bhojana ke lie hAtha se izArA karate the, muMha se nahIM mA~gate the| bauddha saMgha meM bhoja kA pracalana buddha ke samaya se hI prArambha ho gayA thA / nimantraNa pAkara saMgha ke sadasya (bhikSu-bhikSuNI) upAsaka ke yahA~ ekatrita hokara bhojana karate the / gRhastha dvArA pradatta bhojana susvAdu ho athavA svAda-rahita, bhikSA kA sammAna karate hue grahaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / bhikSA kaisI 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhuno sekhiya, 32-33. 2. vahI, 35-40. 3. vahI, 41-56. 7. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol. I. P. 27.

Page #62
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 43 bhI ho, vaha use lene se asvIkAra nahIM kara sakatI thii| use yaha zikSA dI gayI thI ki vaha AhAra ke prati samabhAva rkhe| bhikSA grahaNa karate samaya use apane pAtra kI tarapha hI dekhane ko kahA gayA thA tathA sAtha hI yaha bhI nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki gahIta padArtha bhikSA-pAtra ke Upara uThA huA na rahe-balki bhikSA-pAtra ke andara hI rahe / 2 gRhIta padArtha yadi AvazyakatA se adhika prApta ho gayA ho to use dUsarI bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha milakara khAne kA vidhAna thA / bhojana ke lie baiThane kA niyama bhikSuNI yadi samUha ke sAtha bhojana karatI thI to paMkti meM Ane ke krama ke anusAra apanA sthAna grahaNa karatI thii| isakA ullekha phAhiyAna ne khotAna ke bhikSaoM ke sandarbha meM kiyA hai, jahA~ ve bhojana ke lie eka bhojanazAlA (ghaNTA) meM upasthita hote the| bhojana kara lene ke uparAnta bhikSuNiyA~ eka sAtha Apasa meM bAteM karane lagatI thIM jisase kolAhala sA maca jAtA thaa| isake nivAraNa ke lie bhI bauddha-saMgha meM niyama bane the jisake anusAra ATha bhikSaNiyoM ko apanI jyeSThatA ke anusAra uThanA thA tathA zeSa bhikSuNiyoM ko Ane ke krama ke anusAra / parantu ye niyama sarvadA nahIM lAga hote the aura AvazyakatAnusAra jyeSThatA kA dhyAna rakhe binA bhI uThA jA sakatA thaa|" talanA : donoM saMghoM meM bhikSaNiyoM kA bhojana sAdA evaM sAtvika hotA thaa| bhojana kI zuddhatA kA paryApta dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA / sAtha hI yaha bhI dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA ki bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke bhojana kA bhAra samAja ke kisI eka vyakti athavA eka varga vizeSa para na pdd'e| ataH bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve dhanI-nirdhana, U~canIca, varNa-jAti Adi kA bheda kiye binA sabake yahA~ se bhojana prApta kreN| gRhastha dvArA pradatta bhojana susvAdu ho yA svAdarahita-donoM saMghoM ke bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko satkArapUrvaka grahaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI sekhiya, 27. 2. vahI, 28-30. 3. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 119. 4. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol. I. p. 26 5. cullavagga, pR0 395; bhikSuNovinaya, $ 292.

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44 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha thA / bhojana ke svAda rahita hone para usakI nindA karanA aparAdha mAnA jAtA thA kyoMki bhojana kA mUla uddezya svAda prApta karanA nahIM apitu kevala jIvana nirvAha karanA thA / donoM saMghoM meM bhojana kI zuddhatA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA / vizeSa rUpa se jaina saMgha meM ina niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana kiyA jAtA thA / yahA~ bhojana kI zuddhatA parakhane ke 42 niyama the / zuddhatA kI jitanI parakha jaina saMgha meM kI jAtI thI, utanI bauddha saMgha meM nizcaya hI nahIM thI / udAharaNasvarUpa - jaina granthoM ke anusAra uddezyapUrvaka banAyA huA bhojana lenA bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke lie niSiddha thA-- jabaki bauddha bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke lie aisA koI niSedha nahIM thA / dhanI upAsakoM tathA rAjAoM dvArA bhojana kA nimantraNa dene para svayaM buddha tathA unake bhikSubhikSuNiyoM ke jAne ke bahuzaH ullekha haiM / donoM hI saMghoM meM rAtri bhojana agrahaNIya thA / rAtri bhojana ke niSedha kA sabase pramukha kAraNa ahiMsAparaka dRSTikoNa thA / rAtri meM sUkSmajIvoM ko dekha pAnA sambhava nahIM thA ataH rAtri bhojana karane se hiMsA kI sambhAvanA thI / isI kAraNa madhyAhna ke pahale hI unheM bhojana kara lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / isa prakAra niSkarSa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki AhAra ke sambandha meM donoM saMghoM meM koI mUlabhUta antara nahIM thA / jo antara thA vaha donoM ke dRSTikoNa ko lekara hI thA / jaina saMgha ati kaThoratA meM vizvAsa karatA thA jabaki bauddha saMgha madhyama mArgI thA aura vaha kucha paristhitiyoM meM apane sadasyoM ko chUTa detA thA / vastra sambandhI niyama jaina bhikSuNI ke vastra sambandhI niyama : prAcIna jaina granthoM meM bhikSu ke vastra-rahita (nirvastra) rahane kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai / uttarAdhyayana' se spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra ne nirvastra rahane kA upadeza diyA thA tathA apane jIvana meM isakA pUrNatayA pAlana kiyA thA / acelakatva ke sandarbha meM jaina dharma kA dRSTikoNa atyanta kaThora rahA hai / dinambara paramparA ke anusAra to binA acela (nagna) hue mokSa prApti sambhava hI nahIM hai / parantu isa kaThora dRSTikoNa ke bAvajUda zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM sampradAyoM meM nirvastratA kA pUrNatayA pAlana sambhava na ho sakA / acelakatva kA 1. uttarAdhyayana, 23/13.

Page #64
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 45 samarthana aparigraha ke sambandha meM kiyA gayA thA / arthAt bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko yaha zikSA dI gayI thI ki ve apane mana meM vastra ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kI lipsA kI bhAvanA na Ane deN| vastra ke sambandha meM bhikSa yA bhikSuNI ko lolupa nahIM honA caahie| yahI isakI mUla bhAvanA thI parantu bAda meM isa para rUr3hivAditA kA jAmA pahanA diyA gyaa| __ jahA~ taka sAdhviyoM ke acelakatva kA prazna hai-isakA kabhI bhI samarthana nahIM kiyA gyaa|' uttarAdhyayana niyukti meM AcArya zivabhUti kI bahana bhikSuNI uttarA kA ullekha milatA hai jisane apane bhikSu bhAI kI taraha acelaka vrata kA pAlana karanA cAhA parantu sAmAjika apavAda ke Dara se vaha isakA pAlana na kara sakI aura vastra pahanane ko vivaza huii| zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama graMtha AcArAMga se lekara bAda ke paravartI granthoM taka meM vastra sambandhI aneka niyamoM kA ullekha milatA hai / yadyapi digambara paramparA meM aise vistRta niyamoM kA abhAva hai parantu bhikSuNI ke sambandha meM digambara sampradAya bhI vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna karatA hai| upayukta vastra : jaina bhikSuNI nimna pA~ca prakAra ke padArthoM se nirmita vastra ko dhAraNa kara sakatI thii| (1) jAMgamika-bher3a Adi ke Una se nirmita vastra (2) bhAMgika-alasI Adi ke chAla se nirmita vastra (3) sAnaka-sana (jUTa) se nirmita vastra (4) potaka-kapAsa se nirmita vastra / (5) tirITapaTTa-tirITa (timira) vRkSa kI chAla se nirmita vastra camaDe se nirmita vastra ko dhAraNa karanA cAhe vaha romayukta ho yA romahIna, bhikSa-bhikSuNiyoM donoM ke lie niSiddha thaa| yadyapi kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM bhikSu ko isako dhAraNa karane kI anumati dI gayI hai| parantu bhikSuNiyoM ko camar3e kA vastra dhAraNa karanA sarvathA varjita thA / 1. no kappai niggaMthIe aceliyAe hotae-bRhatkalpa sUtra, 5/19. 2. uttarAdhyayana niyukti, pR0 181. 3. bRhatkalpa sUtra, 2/29, 4. vahI 3/3. 5. vahI, 3/4. 6. AcArAMga, 2/5/1/5-6.

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46 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bRhatkalpa bhASyakAra ne bhikSuNiyoM ke lie sarvathA niSedha kA kAraNa batAte huye kahA hai ki camar3e para baiThane se bhikSuNiyoM ke mana meM gRhastha-jIvana meM upayoga kI gayI komala zayyA kI yAda A jAyegI-phalasvarUpa unameM AcArika zithilatA kA honA sambhava hai|' ___vastra-grahaNa karane ke sambandha meM bhikSuNI ko kucha anya maryAdAoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thaa| jaise, bhikSuNI ke lie vastra yadi jIvoM Adi kI hiMsA karake banAyA gayA ho, kharIdA gayA ho, dhoyA gayA ho, raMgA gayA ho, sApha kiyA gayA ho athavA sugandhita kiyA gayA ho to aisA vastra usake lie agrahaNIya thaa| isI prakAra use adhika mUlya vAle athavA kapAsa Adi ke mahIna vastroM ko bhI lene kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| isI prakAra kisI jIva-jantuoM se yukta vastra ko bhikSuNI lene se asvIkAra kara sakatI thii| isake atirikta vastra yadi lambAI. caur3AI meM paryApta na ho, bahuta purAnA ho cukA ho, pahanane yogya na ho yA dAtA aruci se detA ho to aise vastra ko grahaNa karanA usake lie sarvathA vajita thaa| vastroM kI saMkhyA : sAmAnya rUpa se jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko cAra vastra (cattAri saMghADIo) rakhane kA vidhAna thaa|" inameM se eka do hAtha kI, do tIna hAtha kI aura eka cAra hAtha ke vistAra kI honA caahie| use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki jaba vaha bhikSA-vRtti ke lie yA svAdhyAya ke lie jAya athavA sAmAnya rUpa se eka grAma se dUsare grAma meM jAya to vaha sabhI vastroM ko sAtha lekara jAya / bRhatkalpasUtra meM bhikSuNI ke guptAMga ko DhaMkane ke lie do vastroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| (1) uggahaNantagaM (2) uggahapaTTagaM 1. bRhatkalpa bhASya, caturtha bhAga, 3810-19. 2. AcArAMga, 2/5/1/3-4. 3. vahI, 2/5/1/13. 4. vahI, 2/5/1/14. 5. vahI, 2/5/1/1. 6. vahI, 2/5/2/2. 7. bRhatkalpa sUtra, 3/12.

Page #66
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 47 bRhatkalpabhASya tathA oghaniyukti bhikSuNI ke lie gyAraha vastroM kA vidhAna karate haiM jinameM chaH zarIra ke nicale hisse ko DhaMkane ke lie tathA pA~ca zarIra ke UparI hisse ko DhaMkane ke lie pahane jAte the| zarIra ke nicale bhAga vAle vastra 1. uggahaNantaga' : yaha vastra bhikSuNI ke guptAMga ko DhaMkane ke lie hotA thA tathA isakA AkAra nAva kI taraha bIca meM caur3A tathA donoM kinAroM para patalA hotA thaa| 2. uggahapaTTaga : yaha prathama vastra uggahaNantaga ko DhaMkane ke lie pahanA jAtA thaa| isakI tulanA kamara meM pahanI jAne vAlI malloM (pahalavAnoM) kI laMgoTI se kI gayI hai (kaDibaMdho mallakacchA vaa)| 3 aDroruga' : yaha bhI kamara para pahanA jAtA thA jo ukta donoM vastroM ko DhaMka letA thaa| 4. calaNI : yaha binA silI huI rahatI thI tathA jAnu (ghuTanoM) taka AtI thI (jaannupmaannaa)| 5. antoniyaMsaNI : yaha vastra kamara se lekara AdhI jA~gha taka rahatA thA (addhjNghaao)| 6. bahiniyasaNI' : yaha vastra kamara se lekara er3I taka DhaMkatA thA (kaDI ya doreNa pddibddhaa)| zarIra ke UparI bhAga vAle vastra 1. kaMcuka : yaha stana ko DhaMkatA thA tathA binA silA rahatA thA (asiiviyo)| bhikSuNI ke zarIra ke anusAra yaha vibhinna nApoM kA hotA thaa| 2. okacchiya' : yaha kaMcuka jaisA hI rahatA thA tathA dAhine kandhe kI tarapha bA~dhA jAtA thaa| 1. oghaniyukti, 313. 2. vahI, 314. 3. vahI, 315. 4. vahI, 315. 5. vahI, 316. 6. vahI, 316. 7. vahI, 317. 8. vahI, 317.

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48 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha 3. vekacchiya' : yaha vastra ukta donoM ko DhaMkatA thaa| 4. saMghADI : saMghADI saMkhyA meM cAra hotI thii| unameM se eka do hAtha kI hotI thii| do, tIna-tIna hAtha kI hotI thI tathA isako bhikSAyAcanA tathA ArAma karane ke samaya pahanA jAtA thA (bhikkhaTThA ega ega uccaare)| cauthA vastra cAra hAtha kA hotA thA aura sAmAnya rUpa se ise pravacana-sabhAoM meM pahanA jAtA thA (NisannapacchAyaNI masiNA) 5. khaMdhakaraNI : yaha bhI lambAI meM cAra hAtha kA hotA thA (cuhtthvitthddaa)| vaise to isakA pramukha rUpa se upayoga teja havA se bacane ke lie hotA thA (vAyavihayarakkhaTTA), parantu isakA eka mahattvapUrNa uddezya sundara bhikSuNiyoM ko nATIpana dIkhAne ke lie hotA thA (khujjakaraNI u kIrai rUvavaINaM kuddhheu)| rUpavatI sAdhvI ko dekhakara duSTa puruSoM ke mana meM dUSita bhAvanAe~ janma le sakatI haiM, ataH kurUpa pradarzita karane ke lie bhikSuNI ke pITha para vastroM kI eka poTalI sI bA~dha dete the jisase vaha kubar3I sI dIkhane lge| vastra-gaveSaNA sambandhI niym| saMgha ke niyamAnusAra sAdhvI vastra kI apekSA meM Adhe yojana taka jA sakatI thI, usake Age nhiiN|' bhikSuNiyoM ke lie prathama samavasaraNakAla (arthAt ASAr3ha zuklA pUrNimA se kArtika zuklA pUrNimA taka) meM vastra-grahaNa karanA varjita thaa| ve dvitIya samavasaraNakAla (arthAt mArgazIrSa kRSNA pratipadA se ASAr3ha zuklA pUrNimA taka) meM hI vastra (yA anya upakaraNa) grahaNa kara sakatI thiiN|5 spaSTa hai ki bhikSa-bhikSaNiyoM ko varSAkAla meM vastra-grahaNa karanA niSiddha thaa| yAcanA ke samaya turanta prApta vastra hI grahaNIya thaa| yAcanA karane para dAtA yadi kisI nizcita dina athavA samaya para vastra dene ko kahe to isa prakAra kA vastra grahaNa karanA bhikSuNI ke lie niSiddha thA / dAtA yadi vastra ko sugandhita kara yA ThaMDe athavA garama jala se dhokara de to aisA vastra bhI vaha nahIM le sakatI thI / vastra lene ke pahale sAdhvI ko yaha 1. oghaniyukti, 318. 2. vahI, 319. 3. vahI, 320. 4. AcArAMga, 2/5/1/2. 5. bRhatkalpa sUtra, 3/16. 6. AcArAMga, 25/1/8.

Page #68
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 49 nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha vastra kA bhalI-bhA~ti nirIkSaNa kara le ki vastra meM kahIM mUlyavAna dhAtu (sonA, cA~dI, rupayA) to nahIM hai / " bhikSuNI ko rAtri meM yA sandhyAkAla meM vastra kI gaveSaNA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA, parantu yadi vaha vastra hRtAhRtikA (hariyAhaDiyAe) ho to usa vastra ko le lene kA vidhAna thA, bhale hI vastra ko dhokara, raMgakara yA mulAyama banAkara rakhA gayA ho / hRtAhRtikA vastra usako kahate haiM jisa vastra ko cora Adi chona yA curA lie hoM aura bAda meM ve usa vastu ko vRkSa yA jhAr3I para DAla deM - aise vastra ko grahaNa karane meM koI niSedha nahIM thA / bhikSuNI gRhasthoM se vastra prApta karane meM atyanta satarkatA kA pAlana karatI thI / vaha dAtA ke manobhAvoM kA sUkSmatA se adhyayana kara hI vastra grahaNa karatI thI / yadi koI gRhastha vastra dene kI icchA prakaTa kare, to bhikSuNI ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha sAgArakRta karake hI vastra le (sAgArakaDaM gahAya ) tathA pravattinI kI anumati milane para hI use apane upayoga meM lAve arthAt yadi gRhasvAmI vastra pAtra de to sAdhvI ko yaha kahakara lenA cAhie ki AcArya ise rakheMge athavA mujhe yA anya sAdhvI ko deMge to rakhA jAyegA anyathA ye vastra - pAtra Adi lauTA diye jAyeMge / isa prakAra se kahakara gRhasvAmI se vastra - pAtra Adi grahaNa karane ko "sAgArakRta" kahate haiM / isa sandarbha meM vaha dAtA se tIna prazna pUchatI thI - ( 1 ) yaha vastra kisakA hai ? aura (2) kaisA hai ? donoM kA santoSajanaka uttara milane para vaha antima prazna karatI thI (3) ki yaha mujhe kyoM diyA jA rahA hai ? ina tInoM praznoM kA samyak uttara pAkara hI vaha vastra ko letI thI- anyathA nahIM / sAdhvI ke dvArA lAye gaye vastra ko pravartinI eka saptAha taka apane pAsa rakhatI thI tathA usakA bhalI prakAra nirIkSaNa karatI thI ki vastra kinhIM doSoM se yukta to nahIM hai / vastra ke asaMdigdha hone para vaha lAne vAlI sAdhvI ko athavA usakI AvazyakatA na rahane para dUsarI sAdhvI ko detI thI / pravattinI isakA bhI dhyAna rakhatI thI ki vastradAtA yuvA, vidhura athavA durAcArI vyakti to nahIM hai aura sAdhvI (jise diyA gayA hai) yuvatI aura navadIkSatA to 1. AdhArAMga, 2/5/1/12. 2. bRhatkalpasUtra, 1/45. 3. vahI, 1/42-43. 4

Page #69
50 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha nahIM hai / yadi inameM se koI bhI kAraNa dRSTigocara hotA thA to vaha vastra ko turanta vApasa kara detI thii| bhASyakAra ne itanI sUkSma parIkSA kA kAraNa yaha batAyA hai ki striyA~ zIghra hI pralobhana meM A jAtI haiM tathA dhairyahIna hotI haiM, ataH bhikSuNiyoM ke brahmacarya-skhalana kI pUrI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / isake atirikta sAdhvI dvArA isa prakAra vastra ko lAte hue dekhakara navadIkSitA ke mana meM pralobhana kI pravRtti utpanna ho sakatI hai / isakA eka aura kAraNa yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isa prakAra kI svatantratA milane para bhikSaNiyoM meM vastra lAne kI pratidvandvitA prArambha ho jAtI / bhASyakAra ke anusAra isakA sarvottama mArga yaha hai ki sAdhvI kisI bhI gRhastha se svayaM vastra na le, apitu usake vastra kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti AcArya, upAdhyAya athavA pravattinI kreN| ye svayaM gRhastha ke yahA~ se vastra lAveM aura samyaka parIkSA ke pazcAt sAdhvo ko upayogArtha deN|' ___ vastra kA raMga : prAcIna Agama granthoM meM vastra ke raMga ke sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM hai, parantu gacchAcAra Adi paravartI granthoM meM bhikSubhikSaNiyoM ko zveta vastra hI dhAraNa karane kI anumati dI gaI hai| ___ sAtha hI use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha purAne vastra ko nayA tathA naye vastra ko purAnA na kare, isI prakAra sugandhayukta vastra ko durgandhayukta athavA durgandhayukta vastra ko sugandhayukta na kre| use vastra ke sambandha meM nirapekSa daSTikoNa rakhane kI salAha dI gaI thii| ___ jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko vastra dhonA niSiddha thaa| vastra gandA ho jAne para bhI use sApha-sutharA dIkhane ke lie zItala yA garma jala se dhonA manA thaa| nadI pAra karate samaya athavA varSA meM bhIga jAne para athavA kisI anya kAraNavaza vastra ke bhIga jAne para yadi use sukhAne kI AvazyakatA par3e to bahuta sAvadhAnI baratano par3atI thii| sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jIvarahita bhUmi kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa kara bhoge vastra ko phailAne kA vidhAna thaa| use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki U~ce khambhe para, daravAje para, dIvAla 1. bRhatkalAbhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2804-35. 2. gacchAcAra, 112. 3. AcArAMga, 2/5/1/16-18. 4. vahI, 2/5/1/16-18. 5. vahI, 2/5/1/9-23.

Page #70
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 51 para, zilA para, vRkSa ke tane para yA mahala kI chata Adi para bhIge vastra na phailAve / ' yadi ina niSedhoM kA avalokana kareM to hameM ina sAre niyamoM meM jaina dharma kA ahiMsAvAdI dRSTikoNa parilakSita hotA hai| kisI bhI paristhiti meM sUkSma jIva kI hatyA na ho-isakA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| ___yadi sAdhvI se vastra kho jAya to use dUsarA vastra lenA niSiddha thA / isI prakAra use eka vastra ke badale dUsarA vastra badalane kI anumati nahIM thii| sundara vastra ke kho jAne athavA usake curA lie jAne ke bhaya se vastra ko vikRta karanA niSiddha thA / isake atirikta dUsarA vastra pAne kI lAlaca meM apane vastra ko udhAra denA daNDanIya thA / yAtrA ke lie yA bhikSAvRtti ke lie jAte samaya cora yA DAkU yadi vastra chInane kA prayatna kareM to bhikSuNI ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha vastra ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jamIna para rakha de / vastra surakSita rakhane kI lAlaca meM vaha na to cora yA DAkU kI prazaMsA kare aura na usake hAtha-paira jodd'e| sAdhvI ko yaha bhI salAha dI gayI thI ki vaha isa ghaTanA kI carcA kisI gRhastha athavA rAjyAdhikArI se na kare / jaina bhikSuNI kI anya Avazyaka vastueM bhikSuNiyoM ko 11 prakAra ke vastra ke atirikta 14 anya prakAra ke upakaraNa rakhane kI anumati do gaI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paravartIkAla meM unakI AvazyakatAoM kI vRddhi ke sAtha hI unake upakaraNoM meM bhI vRddhi hotI gii| bRhatkalpabhASya tathA oghaniyukti meM bhikSu'NiyoM ke nimna 14 prakAra ke upakaraNoM ke ullekha haiN|" (1) patta (pAtra), (2) pattAbaMdha (pAtraka-baMdha), (3) pAyaThThavaNaM (pAtrasthApana), (4) pAyakesariyA (pAtrakesarikA), (5) paDalAiM (paTalAni), (6) 1. AcArAMga, 2/5/1/20-22. 2. vahI, 2/5/2/3. 3. vahI, 2/5/26. 4. vahI, 2/5/2/7-8. 5. oghaniyukti, 667-71; bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga caturtha, 4080-83..

Page #71
52 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha rayattANaM (rajastrANa), (7) gocchaa (gocchaka), (8-10) pacchAyA (tIna pracchAdaka) (11) rayoharaNa (rajoharaNa), (12) muhapotti (mu~hapattI) (13 mattae (mAtraka), (14) kamaDhae (kmtthk)| uparyakta 25 upakaraNoM tathA unakI anya Avazyaka vastuoM ko tIna koTiyoM-utkRSTa, madhyama, jaghanya meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA thA / ' utkRSTa AvazyakatA meM ATha vastue~ thIM-tIna vastra, bhikSA-pAtra, abhyantaranivasinI, bahinivasinI, saMghATikA, skandhakaraNI / madhyama AvazyakatA meM 13 vastue~ thIM-rajoharaNa, paTalakAni, pAtraka-bandha, rajastrANa, mAtraka, kamaThaka avagrahAnantaka, patta, arkolaka, kaMcuka, calanikA, aupakakSikI, vaikakSikI / jaghanya AvazyakatA meM cAra vastue~ thIM-mukhapotikA, pAtrakesarikA, gocchaka, pAtrasthApana / isake atirikta bhI unheM sUcI (sUI), nakhaharaNI, karNazodhanI, dantazodhanI, cilamilikA, pAdalekhanikA Adi upakaraNa rakhane kA vidhAna thaa|2 / digambara bhikSuNI ke vastra sambandhI niyama digambara sampradAya ke anusAra muni ko nirvastra rahanA cAhie / isake anusAra vastradhArI puruSa mokSa nahIM prApta kara sakatA bhale hI vaha tIrthaMkara kyoM na ho| isI AdhAra para isa sampradAya meM strI-makti kI avadhAraNA kA niSedha kiyA gyaa| zArIrika racanA tathA sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa bhikSuNI ke lie yaha sambhava na thA ki vaha nirvastra rhe| isI kAraNa bhikSuNI ko eka vastra dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA, jise vaha AhAra grahaNa karate samaya bhI dhAraNa kiye raha sakatI thii| digambara bhikSuNI ko anya Avazyaka vastue~ digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke vastra ke atirikta pAtra Adi rakhane ke sambandha meM kyA niyama the-isakI spaSTa sUcanA nahIM prApta hotI / digambara 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga caturtha, 4015. 2. vahI, bhAga caturtha, 4096-98. 3. suttapAhur3a, 23. 4. vahI, 22.

Page #72
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 53 bhikSuoM ko pANipAtra batAyA gayA hai| unheM hAtha meM hI bhikSA lekara grahaNa karane kA vidhAna thA / sambhavataH bhikSuNiyoM ko bhI bhikSu ke samAna bhikSA-pAtra rakhanA niSiddha thA / yadyapi zarIra-zuddhi ke lie jala-grahaNa hetu ve kamaNDalu rakha sakatI thiiN| bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko rajoharaNa (picchi) rakhane kI anumati dI gaI thI / mora ke paMkha kA rajoharaNa uttama mAnA jAtA thaa| bauddha bhikSuNI ke vastra sambandhI niyama jaina saMgha ke samAna bauddha saMgha meM bhI vastra ke sambandha meM atyanta satarkatA baratI jAtI thii| bhikSuNiyA~ aura bhI sAvadhAnI rakhatI thiiN| isakA pramukha kAraNa unakI zArIrika bhinnatA thI, jisake prati unheM saceta rahanA par3atA thaa| yadi asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa bhI vakSasthala yA rajasvalA-kAla meM vastra para rakta ke dhabbe dikhAyI par3a jAte the, to samAja ke loga unakI ha~sI ur3Ate the| isIlie use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki gA~va yA nagara meM jAte samaya vaha zarIra ko bhalo-bhAMti DhaMka kara jAya / 2 binA kaMcuka gA~va meM jAnA usake lie niSiddha thaa| upayukta vastra : bauddha saMgha meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko cha: prakAra ke vastuoM se nirmita vastra (cIvara) ko dhAraNa karane kI anumati thii| 1. khauma-kSauma se nirmita vastra 2. kappAsikaM-kapAsa se nirmita 3. koseyya-kauzeya se nirmita 4. kambala-Una se nirmita 5. sANa-sana se nirmita 6. bhaMga-alasI Adi kI chAla athavA ukta pA~coM ke mizraNa se nirmita vastra ko saMkhyA : prArambha meM bauddha bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko kevala tIna prakAra ke vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna thaa| (1) saMghATI, (2) uttarA 1. suttapAhur3a, 10-13; mUla cAra, 5/122. 2. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI sekhiya, 1; pAcittiya pAli, pR0 478. 3. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 96; pAcittiya pAli, pR0 479-80. 4. mahAvagga, pR0 298; pAcittiya pAli, pR0 410.

Page #73
54 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha saMga, (3) antaravAsaka' / saMghATI do paratoM kI, uttarAsaMga eka parata ko tathA antaravAsaka eka parata kA hotA thaa| parantu yaha niyama naye kapar3e para lAgU hotA thA aura yadi vastra purAnA hotA thA to saMghATI cAra stara kI, uttarAsaMga tathA antaravAsaka do-do stara ke hote the tathA kapar3A yadi cIthar3A (paMsukUla) hotA thA to usa para AvazyakatAnusAra stara diyA jA sakatA thaa| kAlAntara meM AvazyakatAnusAra anya vastroM ko bhI dhAraNa karane kI anumati do gayI / bhikSuNiyoM ko kaMcuka dhAraNa karanA anivArya thA / ise saMkacchikA kahA gayA hai|3 janApavAda ke kAraNa saMkacchikA ke Upara gaNDapraticchAdana' nAmaka vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna banAyA gyaa| yaha saMkacchikA ke Upara pahanA jAtA thA jo use kase rahatA thaa| RtukAla ko avasthA meM bhikSuNiyoM ko vizeSa sAvadhAnI baratanI par3atI thii| isa samaya ke lie alaga se kucha aura vastroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thaa| RtukAla ke samaya unheM Avasatthacovara tathA aNicola" (raktazodhaka) nAmaka vastra ko dhAraNa karane kI anumati dI gayI thii| isake atirikta inako sUta se kasa kara bA~dhane kI salAha dI gayI thI, parantu ina vastroM kA upayoga kevala RtukAla meM hI kiyA jA sakatA thA, sarvadA nhiiN| zarIra ke nicale hisse (guptAMga) ko DhaMkane ke lie kacchI yA laMgoTa ko dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna thaa| isakA parimApa cAra bAlista lambA tathA do bAlista caur3A hotA thaa| isase bar3A yA choTA pahanane para pAcittiya doSa lagatA thA / dainika AvazyakatAoM ke upayoga hetu bhI kucha anya vastroM kA vidhAna thA jaise paccattharaNa (bichaune kA cAdara), kaNDupaTicchAdana (khujalI, phor3A Adi roga hone para), mukhapuJchana (mu~ha poMchane vAlA vastra 1. mahAvagga, pR0 305. 2. vahI, pR0 306. 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 96; bhikSuNI vinaya, $ 263. 4. vahI, 6 277. 5. vahI, 6268. 6. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 165.

Page #74
AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 55 rUmAla Adi), parikkhAracolaka (thaile Adi kI taraha kA vastra) tathA udakazATikA' (bhikSuNiyoM ke nahAne kA vastra) Adi / ___anupayukta vastra : bhikSuNiyoM ko lAla, majITha, kAle tathA haldI raMga se raMge vastra dhAraNa karane kI anumati nahIM thii| unake lie kaTI kinArI vAle, lambI kinArI vAle, phUladAra kinArI vAle yA sarpa ke phana ke AkAra kI kinArI vAle vastroM ko dhAraNa karanA niSiddha thaa| aisA vastra pahanane para unheM dukkaTa ke daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thaa| sundara dikhane ke lie ve lambA kamarabanda nahIM dhAraNa kara sakatI thIM tathA kamarabanda meM paMcha bhI nahIM laTakA sakatI thiiN| vastra gaveSaNA sambandhI niyama bauddha saMgha meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM ko vastra grahaNa karane meM atyanta satarkatA rakhanI par3atI thii| yadi vastra-dAtA kI bhAvanA acchI nahIM rahatI thI, to ve vastra lene se inkAra kara detI thiiN| yadyapi prArambha meM upasampadA ke samaya bhikSuNiyoM ko jo tIna nizraya batAe jAte the, unameM unheM phaTe-cIthar3e vastra (paMsukUlacIvara) dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| lekina sAtha hI upAsakoM dvArA bhI bhikSubhikSuNiyoM ko bar3I mAtrA meM vastra lene kI anumati pradAna kara dI gayI / udAharaNasvarUpa-prasiddha upAsikA vizAkhA ne bhikSuNiyoM ko udakazATikA (nahAne kA vastra) vastra pradAna kiyA thaa| kAzI nareza ne jIvaka kI sevAoM se prasanna hokara unheM 500 kambala pradAna kiye the, una sabhI kambaloM ko jIvaka ne saMgha ke upayogArtha buddha ko samarpita kara diyaa| mahAvaMsa se jJAta hotA hai ki siMhala meM vihAra kI pratiSThA ke samaya bhikSubhikSuNiyoM ko anna-vastra diyA jAtA thaa| laMjatissa ne aridRvihAra aura 1. mahAvagga, pR0 306; bhikSuNI vinaya, $ 189. 2. cullavagga, pR. 387. 3. vahI, pu0 387-388. 4. vahI, pR0 386. 5. mahAvagga, pR0 55. 6. vahI, pR0 297. 7. vahI, pR0 306. 8. vahI, pR0 298.

Page #75
56 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kuMjarahInaka vihAra banavAkara bhikSuoM ko davAe~ tathA bhikSuNiyoM ko yatheccha cAvala diyA thaa| isI prakAra siMhala-nareza mahAtissa ne nagara ke 30,000 bhikSuoM tathA 12,000 bhikSuNiyoM ko cIvara pradAna kiye the / eka vihAra banavAne ke bAda usa rAjA ne 60,000 bhikSu aura 30,000 bhikSuNiyoM ko punaH vastra pradAna kiye / isa avasara para bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko 6 vastra dene kA ullekha hai arthAt pratyeka bhikSu-bhikSuNI ko antaravAsaka, uttarAsaMga tathA saMghATI kA eka-eka jor3A diyA gayA thaa| saMgha meM cIvara-pradAna karane kI vidhi ___ bauddha saMgha meM vastra ko covara ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| saMgha meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko vastra pradAna karane kA jo samAroha kiyA jAtA thA, use kaThina kahate the| saMgha meM cUMki vastra-pradAna bar3e paimAne para kiyA jAtA thA, ataH usake prabandha ke lie kaI padAdhikAriyoM ko niyukta kiyA gayA thaa| dAna diye gaye vastra ko saMgha kI tarapha se jo grahaNa karatA thA use 'cIvarapaTiggAhaka" kahate the| isa pada kA cunAva saMgha kI anumati se hotA thA tathA vahI vyakti cunA jAtA thA jo dveSa, moha tathA bhaya se rahita ho tathA jo svecchAcArI pravRtti kA na ho| prApta kiye gaye vastra kA jo prabandha karatA thA use "cIvara-nidahaka" kahate the| vastra jisa koTharI meM rakhA jAtA thA use "bhaNDAgAra" tathA usake rakSaka ko "bhANDAgArika" kahate the| ina padAdhikAriyoM meM bhI uparyukta guNa kA honA Avazyaka thaa| jo padAdhikArI bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko vastra bA~TatA thA use "cIvara-bhAjaka" kahate the / bhikSu-bhikSuNI AvazyakatA se adhika prApta vastra ko binA prayoga kiye adhika se adhika 10 dina taka apane pAsa rakha sakate the| isa niyama kA ullaMghana karane para unheM nissaggiya pAcittiya kA daNDa bhoganA par3atA thaa| cIvara-kAla : bauddhasaMgha meM cIvara bA~Tane kA samaya bhI nirdhArita thaa| covara-kAla Azvina pUrNimA se kArtika pUrNimA taka rahatA thaa| kucha lAlacI bhikSuNiyA~ cIvara-prApti kI AzA kama hone se cIvara-kAla kI 1. mahAvaMsa, 33/27-28. 2. vaho, 34/7-8. 3. mahAvagga, pR0 300-302. 4. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI nissaggiya pAcittiya, 13.

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AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 57 avadhi kA atikramaNa karatI thIM, isake lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thaa| kaThina kA samAroha varSAvAsa ke pazcAt (kArtika mahIne meM) kiyA jAtA thA (kaThine vassAnassa pacchimo mAso)2 / kaThina ke avasara para vastraprApta honA sammAna kA dyotaka mAnA jAtA thaa| kaThina cIvara usa bhikSu yA bhikSuNI ko pradAna kiyA jAtA thA jisake pAsa cIvaroM kI kamI ho, tathA jisane varSAvAsa samyaka rUpa se vyatIta kiyA ho / kaThina dene ke lie saMgha kI anumati lI jAtI thI, anumati milane para hI bhikSu yA bhikSuNI ko vaha vastra pradAna kiyA jAtA thA, jisa vastra ko use sabase adhika AvazyakatA hotI thii| vastra kA raMga : bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA vastra kASAya raMga kA hotA thA / prArambha meM bhikSu gobara (chakaNena) tathA pIlI miTTI (paNDumattika) se vastra raMgate the jisase vastra kharAba ho jAte the, ataH buddha ne vastra ko chaH prakAra se raMgane kI anumati dI thii|5 (1) mUlarajana (jar3a se raMganA), (2) khandarajana (tanoM se raMganA) (3) tacarajana (chAla se raMganA), (4) pattarajana (pattoM se raMganA), (5) puppharajana ( pUSpoM se raMganA), (6) phalarajana (phaloM se rNgnaa)| vastra kA raMga pakkA rahanA cAhie, ataH raMga ko pakAne kA bhI vidhAna thaa| raMga pakAne ke lie pAtra Adi rakhane kI anumati dI gayI thI / vastra dhone ke bAda use sukhAne ke lie bAMsa aura rassI ke upayoga kI anumati dI gayI thI / paravartIkAla meM bauddha saMgha meM kaI bheda hue, parantu vastra kI saMkhyA evaM unake raMga meM koI parivartana dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, yadyapi vastra kI mApa kama yA jyAdA ho sakatI thii| isakA ullekha 7vIM zatAbdI meM Ane vAle cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne kiyA hai| 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 29; bhikSuNo vinaya, $ 288. 2. pAcittiya pAli, pR0 391. 3. mahAvagga, pR0 266-67. 4. vahI. pR0 302. 5. vahI, pR0 302-30 3. 6. The Sramas (Sramanas) have only three Kinds of robes, viz., the Sang-kio-ki, the Ni-fo-si-Na. The cut of the three robes is not the same, but depends on the school.

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58 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha vastra kI svacchatA : vastra kI svacchatA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA / vastra ko dhokara use bA~sa yA rassI ke sahAre TA~gane kI salAha dI gayI thI / mAsika-dharma sambandhI AvasatthacIvara nAmaka vastra ko tIna dina ke prayoga ke pazcAt cauthe dina dho dene kA vidhAna thA, tAki anya RtumatI bhikSuNiyA~ usako upayoga meM sakeM / ' isI prakAra aNicola nAmaka vastra ko kisI ekAnta sthAna meM gayA thA / aise vastra ko strI tIrtha, puruSa - tIrtha tathA rajaka tIrthaM arthAt puruSoM, striyoM evaM dhobiyoM ke ghAToM para dhone kA niSedha thA / 2 bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI anya Avazyaka vastue~ lA dhone kA nirdeza diyA bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ko bhI vastra ke atirikta pAtra, sUcI (sUI) Adi rakhane kA vidhAna thA / adhika pAtroM kA saMcaya karanA niSiddha thA / purAnA pAtra tabhI haTAyA jA sakatA thA, jaba usameM kama se kama pA~ca jagaha cheda ho gaye hoM / isI prakAra bhikSuNI ko haDDI yA dA~ta Adi kI sUcIghara nirmita karavAne kI anumati nahIM thI / " bauddha bhikSu ko ghar3A, jhADU, nakhacchedana (nahannI), karNamalaharaNI ( kanakhodanI), aMjanadAnI tathA aMjanasalAI, datavana (dantakaTTha) Adi rakhane kI anumati dI gaI hai / Some have wide or narrow borders, others have small or large flaps, the Sang-Kio-Na covers the left shoulder and conceals the two armpits. It is worn open on the left and closed on the right. It is cut longer than the waist, the Ni-Fo- Si-Na has neither girdle nor tassels, When putting it on, it is plaited in folds and worn round the lions with a cord fastening. The schools differ as to the colour of this garment: Both yellow and red are used. -- Buddhist Record of the western world, Vol. II. P. 134. 1. pAcittiya pAli, pR0 414. 2. bhikSuNI vinaya, 269, 270, 271. 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI nissaggiya pAcittiya 1. 4. vahI, 24. 5. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 162. 6. mahAvagga, pR0 219-228.

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AhAra tathA vastra sambandhI niyama : 59 isI prakAra unheM auSadha rakhane ke lie "bhesajjatthavika" tathA jUtA rakhane ke lie "upAhanatthavika" Adi kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thA / ye vyAvahArika jIvana meM hamezA prayoga kI jAne vAlI vastue~ thiiN| yadyapi bhikSuNiyoM ke sandarbha meM ina vastuoM ke rakhane ke spaSTa ullekha to nahIM prApta hote parantu bhikSuNiyoM ko bhI ina vastuoM ko rakhane kI anumati rahI hogI, yaha sahaja anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| __ tulanA : donoM saMghoM meM vastra sambandhI niyamoM ke vistRta ullekha prApta hote haiN| jainasaMgha meM acelakatva kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai tathA digambara sampradAya ke anusAra binA acelakatva ke mukti prApta nahIM kI jA sakato-tathApi bhikSaNiyoM ke sandarbha meM donoM sampradAya vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna karate haiN| digambara sampradAya meM bhikSuNI ko eka vastra dhAraNa karane kI anumati dI gayI hai jabaki zvetAmbara grantha AcArAMga evaM oghaniryakti meM bhikSaNiyoM ko eka se adhika vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / bauddhasaMgha meM acelakatva kA kabhI bhI anumodana nahIM kiyA gyaa| nirvastra rahane para bhikSu ko thullaccaya daNDa kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA / bauddha bhikSaNiyoM ko bhikSAvRtti yA yAtrA ke lie jAte samaya zarIra ko pUrI taraha DhaMkakara jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / __ donoM saMghoM meM bhikSuNiyA~ dAtA se vastra-yAcanA ke samaya vizeSa satarkatA kA dhyAna rakhatI thIM aura dAtA ke manobhAvoM kA sakSmatA se patA lagAkara ho vastra grahaNa karato thIM / bauddhasaMgha dvArA kabhI-kabhI bar3I mAtrA meM vastra grahaNa karane ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| prApta vastra ko bhikSubhikSuNiyoM ke madhya bA~TA jAtA thaa| aise vastra ko jo varSa meM eka bAra prApta hotA thA, "kaThina" kahate the| isa prakAra ke vastra ko vitarita karane ke lie saMgha meM kucha padoM kA bhI nirmANa kiyA gayA thA--bauddha saMgha kI yaha vyavasthA jaina saMgha meM nahIM dikhAyI pdd'tii| usameM aparigraha mahAvrata ke pAlana ke lie AvazyakatA se adhika vastra rakhanA bhikSubhikSuNiyoM donoM ke lie niSiddha thaa| donoM saMghoM meM mUlyavAna vastra ko grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / belabUTedAra yA sugandhita vastra agrahaNIya thaa| jainasaMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM ko vastra dhone kA niSedha thA-isake viparIta bauddhasaMgha meM vastra dhone tathA use pakke raMga se raMgane kI anumati thii| vastra ke raMga ke sambandha meM donoM saMghoM meM antara draSTavya hai| jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko zveta vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna thA, jabaki bauddha bhikSu

Page #79
60 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha NiyA~ kASAya raMga kA vastra dhAraNa karatI thIM / prAcIna jaina granthoM meM jaina bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke vastra ke raMga ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai / AcArAMga meM mAtra yaha ullekha hai ki bhikSu bhikSuNI jo vastra grahaNa kareM, use raMgeM yA dhoyeM nahIM / yadyapi usase paravartI grantha gacchAyAra payannA ( gacchAcAra) meM spaSTarUpa se zvetavastra dhAraNa karane kA ullekha hai / isake viparIta bauddha bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ko prArambha se hI kASAya raMga kA vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna thA / yahA~ yaha bhI avalokanIya hai ki prArambha meM donoM saMghoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ke vastra evaM anya upakaraNa atyanta sImita the, parantu kAlAntara meM kramazaH unameM vRddhi hotI gaI /

Page #80
tRtIya adhyAya yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama yAtrA sambandhI niyama jaina bhikSuNI ke yAtrA sambandhI niyama : anya niyamoM kI taraha yAtrA ke sambandha meM bhI bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke niyama prAyaH samAna the| bhikSuNiyoM ko varSAkAla ke cAra mahIne ko chor3akara zeSa ATha mahIne (grISma tathA hemanta Rtu meM) eka grAma se dUsare grAma (gAmANugAmaM) vicaraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / " unakI isa yAtrA kA mukhya uddezya jana-sAmAnya ko dharmopadeza karanA tathA sthAna- vizeSa se apanI Asakti tor3anA hotA thA / yAtrA ke samaya bhikSuNI ko apane upayoga se sambandhita sabhI Avazyaka upakaraNoM ko apane sAtha rakhane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / 2 yAtrA ke samaya unheM grAma meM eka rAta tathA nagara meM pA~ca rAta taka nivAsa karane kA vidhAna thA / parantu bRhatkalpasUtra meM isa niyama meM kucha parivartana dikhAI par3atA hai / bhikSuNiyA~ saparikSepa aura abAhirika grAma tathA nagara meM hemanta tathA grISma Rtu meM do mAsa tathA saparikSepa aura sabAhirika grAma tathA nagara meM hemanta tathA grISma Rtu meM adhika se adhika cAra mAsa taka raha sakatI thiiN| jisa grAma athavA nagara ke cAroM ora pASANa, IMTa, miTTI, kASTha Adi kA athavA khAIM, tAlAba, nadI, parvata yA durga kA parikSepa ( prAkAra) ho tathA usake andara hI ghara Adi base hoM, use saparikSepa aura abAhirika grAma yA nagara kahA jAtA thA tathA jisa grAma Adi ke cAroM ora pUrvokta prakAra ke prAkAroM meM se kisI eka prakAra kA prAkAra ho tathA usake bAhara bhI ghara Adi base hoM, use saparikSepa aura bAhirika grAma tathA nagara kahA jAtA thA / 1. bRhatkalpasUtra, 1 | 38. 2. AcArAMga, 2/2/3/8. 3. kalpasUtra, 119. 4. bRhatkalpasUtra. 1 / 8- 9.

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62 : jaina Ara bauddha bhikSuNo-saMgha yAtrA-patha : yAtrA ke patha ke sambandha meM unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve yathAsambhava AryoM arthAt susabhya pradezoM se hokara hI yAtrA kreN|' nRpahIna rAjyoM ke madhya se bhikSuNiyoM ko yAtrA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA kyoMki aise pradeza meM arAjakatA athavA avyavasthA kA honA sambhava hai aura bhikSuNI viparIta paristhitiyoM meM ulajha sakatI hai| mArga meM yadi lambA jaMgala par3ane kI sambhAvanA ho to unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki yathAsambhava ve usa rAste se na jAyeM / isI prakAra yadi rAste meM TIlA, khAI, durga Adi par3atA ho aura mArga sIdhA ho taba bhI unheM usa rAste se jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA; unheM ghumAvadAra evaM acche mArga se hI jAne kA vidhAna thaa| unheM usa rAste se bhI jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA, jisa para ghor3A-gAr3iyA~, ratha athavA senA jA rahI ho / uparyukta niyamoM ko nirmANa prakriyA se yaha spaSTa dhvanita hotA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne bhikSuNiyoM kI jIvana-surakSA aura zIla-surakSA kI vyApaka vyavasthA kI thii| bhikSuNiyoM ko isa prakAra ke nirdeza diye gaye the tAki unheM kisI pratikUla paristhiti kA sAmanA na karanA pdd'e| yAtrA ke samaya vyartha kA vArtAlApa karanA niSiddha thA / yadi koI pathika grAma yA nagara ke bAre meM pUche bhI to unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve isakA uttara na deM, apitu mauna dhAraNa kiye rheN| rAste para yadi U~cA ghara, kilA Adi par3e to saMzayavaza use ucaka-ucaka kara dekhane se niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ko yadyapi vairAjya, arAjaka tathA nRpahIna rAjyoM ke madhya se yAtrA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA, parantu kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM bahatkalpabhASyakAra ne inameM yAtrA karane kI chUTa dI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa1. AcArAMga, 2 / 3 / 16. 2. vahI, 2 / 3 / 117. 3. vahI, 2 / 3 / 18. 4. vahI, 2 / 3 / 2 / 14. 5. vahI, 2 / 3 / 2 / 15-16. 6. vaho, 23 / 2 / 8. 7. vahI, 2 / 3 / 3 / 7-11. 8. vahI, 2 / 3 / 3 / 1-2.

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yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 63 (1) sAdhvI ke mAtA-pitA yadi dIkSA ke lie udyata hoM, (2) yadi usake mAtA-pitA zoka se vihvala hoM, to unheM sAntvanA pradAna karane ke lie, (3) pratyAkhyAna (samAdhimaraNa) kI icchuka sAdhvI yadi apane guru ke pAsa AlocanA ke lie jAya, (4) sAdhu yA sAdhvI kI vaiyAvRtya (sevA) ke lie, (5) apane para kruddha sAdhu yA sAdhvI ko zAnta karane ke lie, (6) zAstrArtha ke lie AhvAna karane para, (7) AcArya kA apaharaNa kara liye jAne para unake vimocana ke lie / isI prakAra ke anya kAraNoM ke upasthita hone para bhikSuNI ko yadi arAjaka rAjyoM se jAnA Avazyaka ho to unheM nirdeza diyA gayA thA ve sarvaprathama sImAvartI ArakSaka se isake lie anumati leM, usake niSedha karane para nagara-seTha se anumati leM tathA usake bhI niSedha karane para senApati se tathA anta meM svayaM rAjA se anumati lene kA prayatna kreN| inakI anumati prApta hone para hI aise rAjyoM ke madhya se yAtrA karane kA vidhAna thaa|' bRhatkalpasUtra meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko pUrva dizA meM aMga-magadha taka, dakSiNa dizA meM kauzAmbI taka, pazcima dizA meM sthUNa (sthAnezvara) taka tathA uttara dizA meM kuNAla (zrAvastI) deza taka yAtrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| ise Arya kSetra kahA gayA hai| bRhatkalpabhASyakAra ne bhAratavarSa meM 253 Arya-deza mAne haiM jinake nAma nimna haiM : magadha, aMga, kaliMga, kAzI, kozala, kuru, saurya, pAMcAla (kAmpilya), jAMgala (ahicchatra), saurASTra, videha, vatsa (kauzAmbI), saMDibbha (naMdIpura), malaya (bhadilapura), vaccha (vairATa), accha (varaNA), dazArNa, cedi, sindhusauvIra, sUrasena, bhuMga (pAvA), kuNAla (zrAvastI), purivaTTa (mAsa ?), lATa (koTivarSa) tathA arddhakekaya / / ___ inhIM kSetroM meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko yAtrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / isakA kAraNa yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko ina kSetroM meM AhAra tathA upAzraya kI sulabhatA rahatI hai tathA yahA~ ke loga jaina AcAra-vicAra se paricita hote haiN| isakA eka anya kAraNa yaha bhI 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2784-91. 2. bRhatkalpasUtra, 1/52. 3. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 3263. .

Page #83
64 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha batAyA gayA hai ki inhIM kSetra kI sImAoM ke bhItara tIrthaMkara ke janma tathA niSkramaNa kI ghaTanA ghaTI hai| ___ jaise-jaise jaina dharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra bar3hatA gayA, jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke bhramaNa-kSetra meM bhI vistAra hotA gyaa| unheM anya kSetroM meM yAtrA karane kA niSedha isIlie kiyA gayA thA tAki unheM AhAra tathA upAzraya Adi prApta karane meM kisI prakAra kI kaThinAI na ho / isake atirikta bhI unheM yAtrA sambandhI aneka maryAdAoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thaa| rAste meM yadi ghuTanoM taka pAnI mile to zarIra ke kisI bhAga ke eka dUsare se sparza kiye binA sAvadhAnI pUrvaka pAra karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| Ananda ke lie yA garmI zAnta karane ke lie gahare pAnI meM jAnA niSiddha thaa| nadI yA tAlAba pAra karate huye vastra ke bhIga jAne para unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve zarIra yA kapar3e ko ragar3eM yA maleM nahIM apitu use apane Apa sUkhane deN| yAtrA karate samaya bhikSuNo ke sAtha AcArya athavA pratinI hoM to use yaha dhyAna rakhanA par3atA thA ki apane zarIra kA koI bhI bhAga unake zarIra se sparza na kare / parivahana (nAva Adi) kA upayoga yAtrA karate samaya nadI Adi ko pAra karane ke lie bhikSuNI ko aneka niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thaa| binA kAraNa nAva meM baiThanA niSiddha thaa| isI prakAra vaha apane nimitta kharIdI gayI, udhAra lI gayI yA badale meM lI gayI nAva para nahIM baiTha sakatI thii| use apanI sabhI upayogI vastuoM ko eka sAtha rakhakara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka nAva meM baiThane kA vidhAna thaa| nAva ke sabase Age evaM pIche vAle hisse meM baiThanA niSiddha thaa| nAva se pAnI ulacanA, kisI kA sAmAna pakar3anA yA denA, nAva ko Age yA pIche khIMcane meM sahAyatA karanA Adi sAre kArya usake lie niSiddha the| logoM ke kathana ke anusAra kAma na karane para yadi koI use pAnI 1. AcArAMga, 2/3/2/9-10. 2. vahI, 2/3/2/11-12. 3. vahI, 2/3/3/3-6. 4. nizIthasUtra, 18/1. 5. AcArAMga, 2/3/1/9. 6. vahI, 2/3/1/10-16; 2/3/2/1.

Page #84
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 65 meM pheMka de, to bhikSuNI ko binA ghabar3Aye yA aprasanna huye, zarIra kA koI bhAga eka dUsare se na saTAte huye, yathAsambhava jalakAya jIvoM kI rakSA karate huye sAvadhAnIpUrvaka tairane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| parantu jala meM tairate huye use Ananda ke lie DubakI Adi lene kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| nadI ke kinAre pahu~ca jAne para bhI use pAnI ko poMchane yA vastra nicor3ane kI AjJA nahIM thii| bRhatkalpasUtra meM pA~ca mahAnadiyoM kA ullekha hai jinako nAva Adi meM baiThakara pAra karane ke lie eka bAra to Ane-jAne kI AjJA thI, parantu do-tIna bAra Ane-jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| ye nadiyA~ nimna haiMgaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, kozikA aura mAhI / bhASyakAra ne mahAnadI se tAtparya sindha aura brahmaputra se bhI lagAyA hai| inake atirikta aisI choTI nadiyoM meM, jinameM kama pAnI hotA thA, sAmAnya rUpa se do yA tIna bAra AnejAne kA vidhAna thaa| digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke yAtrA sambandhI niyama : digambara bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko bhI varSA ke cAra mahIne chor3akara zeSa ATha mahIne itastataH bhramaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| bhikSuNI ko jIva-jantuoM se rahita rAste se udvignatArahita hokara zAntacitta se yAtrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| use usa rAste para yAtrA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA jisa para bailagAr3I (zakaTa), yAna, pAlakI (jugga), ratha, hAthI, ghor3e, U~Ta Adi kA hamezA AvAgamana ho / digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke yAtrA sambandhI niyama vistRta rUpa se prApta nahIM hote haiN| yaha anumAna karanA anucita nahIM ki inake bhI niyama zvetAmbara sampradAya kI bhikSuNiyoM ke samAna hI rahe hoNge| bauddha bhikSuNI ke yAtrA sambandhI niyama-bauddha saMgha meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke lie bhramaNa karanA anivArya thaa| zikSamANA ko apanI pravattinI ke sAtha kama se kama pA~ca yA chaH yojana taka bhramaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / koI bhI bhikSuNI akelI yAtrA nahIM kara sakatI thii| use akelI nadI 1. bRhatkalpamUtra, 4/34. 2. vahI, 4/35. 3. mUlAcAra, 4/101.

Page #85
66 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha pAra karane tathA rAtri meM eka grAma se dUsare grAma meM jAne kA niSedha thaa| yaha gambhIra aparAdha thA aura aisA karane para use mAnatta kA daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra koI bhI bhikSuNI kisI gRhastha puruSa, dAsa yA majadUra ke sAtha nahIM ghUma sakatI thii| use bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha hI bhramaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| bhikSuNI ke nivAsa sthAna tathA usake Asa-pAsa ke sthAna meM yadi sthiti azAnta rahatI thI-to use vahA~ bhI akele ghumane se manA kiyA gayA thaa| bhikSaNiyoM ke lie araNyavAsa karane kA niSedha thA kyoMki isa prakAra ke nirjana sthAna meM durAcArI vyaktiyoM dvArA una para balAtkAra kiye jAne kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI thii| __ina niSedhoM ke mUla meM zIla-surakSA kI cintA adhika dikhAyo detI hai / isIlie unheM kaI bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA, tAki AvazyakatA par3ane para ve kAmAtura tathA durAcArI vyaktiyoM se apanI rakSA kara skeN| sAmAnya avasthA meM bauddha bhikSuNI ko bhramaNa ke samaya kisI savArI kA prayoga karanA niSiddha thA, parantu rogiNI bhikSuNI ko yAna Adi ke upayoga kI anumati dI gayI thI / vaha zivikA (sivikA) aura pAlakI (pATaGki) kA upayoga kara sakatI thii| tulanA: - hama dekhate haiM ki jaina evaM bauddha-donoM saMghoM kI bhikSuNiyoM ko varSAkAla ke cAra mahIne chor3akara varSa ke zeSa ATha mahIne bhramaNa karane kI salAha dI gayI thii| bauddha saMgha meM to zikSamANA ko apanI prattinI ke sAtha kama se kama 5-6 yojana taka yAtrA karane kA vidhAna thA, anyathA vaha pAcittiya daNDa ko pAtra samajhI jAtI thii| saMgha ke niyamAnusAra jaina evaM bauddha donoM bhikSuNiyoM ko akele yAtrA karane kI anumati nahIM thii| isake mUla meM unakI zIla-surakSA kA prazna thA jisake lie jaina tathA bauddha dharmAcAryoM ne hara sambhava prayatna kiyA thaa| isI kAraNa bhikSuNiyoM 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI saMghAdizesa, 3. 2. vahI, 1. 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 37-38. 4. cullavagga, pR0 399. 5. vahI, pR0 397.

Page #86
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 67 ko una mArgoM se yAtrA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA, jahA~ arAjakatA vyApta ho athavA jahA~ bhikSA, upAzraya Adi milane meM kaThinAI ho| jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko bArabAra nadI Adi pAra karane se manA kiyA gayA thA / isI prakAra unheM snAna karane athavA jala meM krIr3A karane kI anumati nahIM thii| bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke lie snAna kA koI kaThora niSedha nahIM thaa| snAna karane ke lie unake alaga ghATa (jagaha) the tathA udakazATikA nAmaka eka alaga vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna thaa| bhramaNa ke samaya jaina bhikSuNiyA~ kisI bhI paristhiti meM kisI savArI kA upayoga nahIM kara sakatI thIM; unheM paidala hI yAtrA karane kA vidhAna thA, parantu bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ apavAdasvarUpa yAtrA ke samaya yAna (savArI) kA upayoga kara sakatI thiiN| jaina bhikSuNI ke varSAvAsa sambandhI niyama ___ saMnyAsa dharma kA pAlana karane vAle prAyaH sabhI sampradAyoM ke bhikSubhikSaNiyoM ko varSAkAla meM eka sthAna para rukane kA vidhAna banAyA gayA thaa| varSAkAla ke prArambha ho jAne para jaina bhikSuNI ko eka grAma se dUsare grAma jAnA niSiddha thA / ' use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha eka sthAna para sAvadhAnIpUrvaka cAra mAsa vyatIta kare / bhikSuNI ko akele eka grAma se dUsare grAma jAnA tathA akele varSAvAsa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa|2 bhikSuNiyoM ko apanI pratinI athavA upAdhyAyA ke sAtha hI rahane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| niyamAnusAra pravattinI ke sAtha kama se kama tIna sAdhviyA~ tathA gaNAvacchedinI ke sAtha kama se kama cAra sAdhviyA~ raha sakatI thiiN| ____ cAturmAsa vyatIta karane ke lie bhikSuNI ko upayukta upAzraya khojane kI salAha dI gayI thii| anupayukta upAzraya meM varSAvAsa karanA niSiddha thaa| aise sthAna para jahA~ AhAra Adi prApta karane meM sulabhatA na ho, athavA jahA~ ke loga krUra hoM yA anya dharmAvalambiyoM tathA daridroM kI bhIr3a ho, vahA~ varSAvAsa karane kA niSedha thaa| bhikSuNI ko usI sthAna 1. AcArAMga, 2/3/1/1.; bRhatkalpasUtra, 1/37. 2. no kappai niggaMthIe egANiyAe-gAmANugAmaM dUijjittae vA vAsAvAsaM vA vatthae-bRhatkalpasUtra, 5/18. 3. AcArAMga, 2/3/1/2.

Page #87
68 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNo-saMgha ... para rahane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA, jahA~ AnA-jAnA sugama ho tathA zayyAsaMstAraka, bhikSA Adi milane kI suvidhA ho / ' varSAvAsa-sthala para use taba taka Thaharane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA jaba taka ki varSAvasAna ke bAda logoM kA AnA-jAnA zurU na ho gayA ho tathA mArga meM sUkSma jIva-jantuoM tathA harI vanaspatiyoM ke kucalane kA bhaya ho / yadi mArga avaruddha ho to ve usa sthala para varSAvAsa ke cAra mahIne se bhI adhika samaya taka ruka sakatI thIM, cAhe hemanta Rtu kA bhI kucha kAla kyoM na vyatIta ho gayA ho| ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana karane vAlI bhikSuNiyoM ke lie aisA karanA isalie Avazyaka thA, tAki kisI bhI paristhiti meM sUkSma jIva-jantuoM tathA hare tRNoM kI virAdhanA na ho| digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke varSAvAsa sambandhI niyama digambara sampradAya kI bhikSuNiyoM ko bhI varSAkAla meM eka sthAna para cAra mAha rukane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thaa| mUlAcAra kI TIkA ke anusAra varSARtu Arambha hone ke pUrva eka mAha, varSA Rtu ke do mAha tathA varSAvasAna ke pazcAt eka mAha-isa prakAra use cAra mAha Thaharane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| eka mAha pahale hI rukane kA TIkAkAra ne yaha kAraNa batalAyA hai ki isase bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke bAre meM logoM ko sahI sthiti jJAta ho jAyegI (lokasthitijJApanArtha) / varSA ke do mahIne rukane kA kAraNa ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana thA (ahiNsaadivrtpripaalnaarth)| varSAvasAna ke pazcAt eka mAha rukane kA kAraNa zrAvakoM kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna karanA thA (shraavk-lokaadisNkleshprihrnnaay)| __isa prakAra jaina dharma ke donoM hI sampradAyoM meM varSAvAsa sambandhI niyama prAyaH samAna the| bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke varSAvAsa sambandhI niyama bauddha bhikSaNiyoM ke bhI varSAvAsa sambandhI vistRta niyama the| unheM varSAvAsa akele vyatIta karanA niSiddha thA / bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSuoM ke sAtha hI varSAvAsa karane kI anumati dI gayI thii| bhikSuNiyoM ke lie nirdhArita aSTagurudharma niyama ke anusAra varSAkAla meM koI bhI bhikSuNI bhikSu-rahita grAma yA nagara meM varSAvAsa nahIM kara sakatI thii| yaha anatikramaNIya niyama 1. AcArAMga, 2/3/1/3. 2. vahI, 2/3/14. 3. mUlAcAra, 10/18. tathA ttokaa|

Page #88
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 69 thA jisakA ullaMghana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thaa| bhikkhunI pAcittiya meM bhI ThIka yahI niyama thaa| ye niyama bhikSuNiyoM kI surakSA kI dRSTi se banAye gaye the| parantu ina niyamoM ke nirmANa meM isake atirikta bhI nimna anya kAraNa theHpravAraNA ke kAraNa niSedha bhikSuNI ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha varSAvAsa ke turanta bAda donoM saMghoM (bhikSu tathA bhikSuNI-saMgha) ke samakSa pravAraNA kare / 2 pravAraNA meM varSAvAsa meM haye daSTa, zrata tathA parizaMkita aparAdhoM kI saMgha ko jAnakArI karAnI par3atI thI-tabhI vaha zuddha mAnI jAtI thii| ataH bhikSuNiyoM ke lie yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA thA ki ve bhikSuoM ke sAtha hI varSAvAsa kareM tAki varSAvasAna ke bAda pravAraNA ke lie bhikSu-saMgha kI talAza meM idhara-udhara bhaTakanA na pdd'e| uposatha ke kAraNa niSedha uposatha ke niyamoM ke kAraNa bhI bhikSuNI ko akele varSAvAsa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| saMgha ke niyamAnusAra bhikSuNiyoM ko prati pandrahaveM dina uposatha kI tithi pUchanI par3atI thI tathA upadeza sunane kA samaya jJAta karanA par3atA thaa| ataH isa dhArmika anivAryatA kI pUrti hetu bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke lie bhikSu-rahita sthAna meM varSAvAsa karanA asambhava thaa| ___ uparyukta jina mukhya kAraNoM se bhikSuNI ko akele varSAvAsa karane se manA kiyA gayA thA, unameM sarvAdhika mahattva kA prazna unake zIla kI surakSA kA thA, jisake liye samucita vyavasthA kI gayI thii| parantu isase bhikSuNiyoM kI nimna sthiti kI sUcanA bhI milatI hai| unakA koI bhI kArya bhikSu-saMgha kI sahamati athavA unakI upasthiti ke binA sambhava nahIM thA / varSAkAla meM varSAvAsa karate hue bhikSuNiyoM ko kahIM bhI AnejAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| bhikSaoM ko varSAvAsa ke sthAna ko kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM tyAgane kA bhI vidhAna thaa| jaise-koI 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 56. 2. vahI, 57 ; pAcittiya pAli, pR0 428-29. ' 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 59. 4. mahAvagga, pR0 145-155.

Page #89
70 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha upAsaka saMgha ko vihAra-dAna denA cAhatA ho, kisI bhikSu, bhikSuNI, zikSamANA, zrAmaNerI, upAsaka yA upAsikA kA koI kArya ho, to bhikSu saMdeza milane para saptAha bhara ke lie jA sakatA thaa| yadi koI bhikSu rogI ho, usakA mana saMnyAsa se ucaTa gayA ho, dharma ke prati saMdeha utpanna ho gayA ho, mana meM barI dhAraNA utpanna ho gaI ho to bhikSa binA saMdeza milane para bhI saptAha bhara ke lie jA sakatA thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ko isa prakAra varSAkAla meM AvAsa tyAgane kA niyama thA yA nahIM, isakA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| tulanA ____donoM saMghoM kI bhikSuNiyoM ko varSA ke cAra mahIne eka sthAna para vyatIta karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| varSAkAla meM yAtrA karane para sUkSma jIva-jantuoM tathA sadyaH utpanna pAdapoM kI hiMsA ho sakatI thIataH unheM kahIM Ane-jAne kA niSedha thaa| donoM saMghoM meM bhikSuNI ko akele varSAvAsa vyatIta karane kI anumati nahIM thii| sAtha meM do yA tIna bhikSuNiyoM kA honA Avazyaka thaa| ye niyama unakI zIla-surakSA ke ho dRSTikoNa se banAye gaye the| bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha hI varSAvAsa vyatIta karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA, kyoMki bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke pravAraNA, uposatha tathA uvAda (upadeza) jaise dhArmika kRtya binA bhikSusaMgha kI upasthiti ke nahIM ho sakate the| kintu jaina bhikSaNiyoM ko uposatha yA pravAraNA (pratikramaNa) ke lie bhikSu-saMgha ke samakSa upasthita honA anivArya nahIM thA; ataH bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke viparIta jaina bhikSuNiyAM bhikSusaMgha ke abhAva meM bhI apanA varSAvAsa vyatIta kara sakatI thiiN| bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke uposatha kA vidhAna ... bauddha saMgha meM uposatha karane kA vidhAna thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ke lie nirdhArita aSTagurudharma meM unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve prati pandrahaveM dina bhikSu-saMgha se uposatha kI tithi pUchakara usameM zAmila hoN| uposatha meM zAmila na hone para unheM pAcittiya kA daNDa lagatA thaa|' bauddha saMgha meM uposatha-paramparA kA vidhAna dUsare matAvalambiyoM (aJcatitthiyA paribbAjakA) kI dekhA-dekhI zurU kiyA gayA thaa| kyoMki eka 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 59. 2. mahAvagga, pR0 104. ..

Page #90
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 71 sthAna para ikaTThA hokara dharma kA upadeza karane se una dharmoM ke prati logoM meM prema tathA zraddhA utpanna hotI thI tathA unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi bhI hotI thI, ataH bauddha dharma meM bhI kucha viziSTa divasoM meM dharmopadeza karane kI prathA prArambha kI gayI / isa dina bauddha saMgha ke sadasya eka sthAna para upasthita hokara dharma kI carcA karate the tathA isI dina pAtimokkha niyamoM kI vAcanA bhI kI jAtI thI / ' uposatha kI paramparA prArambha hone ke samaya pAtimokkha kI vAcanA pakSa meM tIna dina - aSTamI, caturdazI tathA pUrNimA ko kI jAtI thI / parantu bAda meM pAtimokkha niyamoM kI AvRtti uparyukta tInoM dinoM meM se kevala eka dina caturdazI yA pUrNimA ko karanA nizcita kI gaI | 3 uposatha eka bhaugolika sImA ke bhItara hI hotA thA tathA usa sImA ke bhItara jitane bhI bhikSu yA bhikSuNI rahate the, unheM upasthita honA Avazyaka thA / yaha sImA vyAvahArika thI tathA uposatha ke sthAna se cAroM ora tIna yojana taka mAnI gayI thI, parantu usakI sImA meM yadi aisI nadI A jAya jise pAra karanA kaThina ho, to vahI nadI sImA mAna lI jAtI thI / yaha sImA 'atidutiyakamma' ke mAdhyama se arthAt vijJapti karake hI nizcita kI jAtI thI / uposatha kA apanA eka nizcita sthAna hotA thA, jise uposathAgAra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| saMgha kI anumati lekara uposatha kisI bhI vihAra, aTArI, prAsAda yA guphA meM ho sakatA thA / " Jatidutiyakamma ke mAdhyama se hI uposathAgAra nizcita karane kA vidhAna thA / eka sImA meM eka hI uposathAgAra ho sakatA thA, isase adhika nahIM / uposathAgAra meM saMgha ko Amantrita karane ke pahale uposatha ke kucha pUrvakArya (uposathassa pubbakaraNa ) the, jinheM pUrNa karanA Avazyaka hotA thA / isameM mukhya rUpa se cAra kArya Ate the / (1) uposathAgAra kI saphAI ( sammajjanI), (2) dIpaka kA prabandha (padIpa), (3) pAnI kA prabandha (udaka) tathA (4) bichAvana (Asana) Adi kA prabandha karanA / isI 1. mahAvagga, pR0 106. 2. vahI, pR0 105. 3. vahI, pR0 105. 4. vahI, pR0 109. 5. vahI, pR0 109-110.

Page #91
72 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha prakAra uposathAgAra meM pAtimokkha kI vAcanA ke pUrva bhikSuNiyoM ko chanda tathA pArizuddhi bhejanI par3atI thI / rogiNI bhikSuNI apanI adoSatA kisI dUsarI bhikSuNI se bheja sakatI thii| isI ko pArizuddhi kahA gayA hai| isake pazcAt utukkhAna arthAt saMgha ko yaha batAnA par3atA thA ki yaha Rtu kA kauna sA uposatha hai / (bauddha dharma ke anusAra varSa meM tIna Rtue~ hotI haiM-hemanta, grISma tathA varSA / pratyeka cAra mAsa kI hotI haiN| cUMki eka pakSa meM eka uposatha hotA thA, ataH eka Rtu meM ATha uposatha hote the / ) uposathAgAra meM upasthita bhikSuNiyoM kI gaNanA (bhikkhanI-gaNanA) tathA unako upadeza (uvAda) denA pAtimokkha niyamoM kI vAcanA ke pUrva hI kiye jAte the| kisI doSa se yukta bhikSu athavA bhikSuNI ko uposatha meM upasthita hone kA adhikAra nahIM thaa| apane ko jaba vaha doSoM se mukta kara letA thA, tabhI vaha upasthita hone kA adhikArI mAnA jAtA thaa|2 bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSu se alaga uposatha karane kA vidhAna thA, kyoMki bhikSu ke pAtimokkha uposatha meM jina 21 ayogya vyaktiyoM (vajjanIya pUragala) ko upasthita hone kA niSedha thA, unameM bhikSuNiyA~ bhI thiiN| bhikSuNiyoM kI upasthiti meM pAtimokkha vAcanA karane se bhikSu ko dukkaTa ke daNDa kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA ke samaya unake pAtimokkha niyamoM kI AvRtti nahIM hotI thii| ataH bhikSu ko hI bhikSuNiyoM ke pAtimokkha niyamoM kI AvRtti karane kI anumati pradAna kI gayI thI, parantu kucha hI samaya bAda janApavAda ke bhaya se buddha ne bhikSuNiyoM dvArA svayaM pAtimokkha niyamoM kI AvRtti karane kA vidhAna bnaayaa| 1. sammajjanI padIpo ca udakaM Asanena ca .. uposathassa etAni pubbakaraNa nti vuccati chandapArisuddhi utukkhAnaM bhikkhunI-gaNanA ca ovAdo uposathassa etAni pubbakiccanti vuccati / . . -bhikkhunI pAtimokkha, nidAna, sAMkRtyAyana, rAhula (anuvAdaka), vinayapiTaka, pR0 39. 2. mahAvagga, pR0 116-27. 3. na, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyA nisinnaparisAya pAti mokkhaM uddisitabba" -vahI, pR0 141. 4. cullavaga, pR0 379-80.

Page #92
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 73 yadyapi bhikSu ke pAtimokkha uposatha meM bhikSuNI kI upasthiti niSiddha mAnI gayI thI, parantu bhikSuNiyoM ke pAtimokkha uposatha meM bhikSu kI upasthiti ke sambandha meM isa prakAra ke niSedha kA koI ullekha nahIM prApta hotaa| pAtimokkha niyama kI vAcanA kisa prakAra karanI cAhiebhikSaNiyoM ko bhikSaoM se sIkhane kA vidhAna banAyA gayA thaa| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhikSuNI ke pAtimokkha-uposatha meM bhikSu upasthita ho sakatA thaa| isI prakAra bhikSuNI bhikSu ke uposatha ko kisI prakAra prabhAvita yA sthagita nahIM kara sakatI thI, parantu bhikSu ko yaha adhikAra thA ki vaha bhikSuNiyoM ke uposatha ko sthagita kara de / usakA yaha kRtya vaidha mAnA gayA thA / gRhasthoM Adi kI sabhA meM pAtimovakha-niyamoM kI vAcanA karanA niSiddha thaa| kitanI saMkhyA meM upasthita hokara uposatha karanA cAhie, isakA ullekha bhikSuoM ke sandarbha meM prApta hotA hai| cAra yA usase adhika kI saMkhyA meM bhikSuoM ke upasthita hone para hI pAtimokkha niyamoM kI vAcanA ho sakatI thI, isase kama kI saMkhyA meM bhikSuoM ke upasthita hone para pAtimokkha-niyamoM kI vAcanA kA vidhAna nahIM thaa| ise saMgha uposatha kahA jAtA thaa| ise 'sUttuddesa' uposatha bhI kahate the, kyoMki isameM sUtra (niyamoM) kI vAcanA kI jAtI thI / do yA tIna bhikSu vAle uposatha ko gaNa uposatha yA pArisuddhi uposatha kahate the, kyoMki isameM bhikSu ko kevala apanI zuddhatA batAnI par3atI thI / akelA bhikSu bhI (yadi uposatha ke samaya usa sImA ke bhItara anya bhikSu na hoM) uposatha kara sakatA thaa| use puggala uposatha yA adhiTThAna uposatha kahate the kyoMki akele bhikSu ko uposatha kA kevala adhiTThAna karanA hotA thaa| yaha sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke sandarbha meM bhI ye niyama lAgU hote rahe hoNge| hAsa rhhaag| ___isake atirikta bauddha saMgha meM 'sAmaggI uposatha' kA vidhAna thaa| saMgha meM kisI prakAra kA bheda yA kalaha utpanna hone para pUrA saMgha upasthita 1. cullavagga, pR0 380. 2. vahI, pR0 397. 3. mahAvagga, pR0 117. 4. vahI, pR. 125-126. .

Page #93
74 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha hokara apanA nirNaya detA thaa| pAtimovakha kI vAcanA vAle uposatha ke viparIta yaha kisI bhI dina kiyA jA sakatA thaa|' uvAda bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ko prati 15veM dina bhikSu-saMgha se upadeza sunane ke lie jAnA par3atA thA, isa niyama kA ullaMghana karane para unheM prAyazcitta karane kA vidhAna thaa|2 bhikSu-saMgha se upadeza sunane ko "uvAda" kahA gayA hai| uvAda kI gaNanA uposatha ke pUrva kRtya meM AtI hai, ataH yaha pratIta hotA hai ki pAtimokkha kI vAcanA ke pahale hI uvAda (upadeza) de diyA jAtA thaa| prArambhika niyamoM ke anusAra bhikSu se upadeza sunane ke lie pratyeka bhikSuNI kI jAnA anivArya thA, anyathA use pAcittiya daNDa kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| parantu kucha hI samaya bAda isa niyama meM parivartana AyA aura buddha ne bhikSuNI-saMgha kI do yA tIna bhikSuNiyoM ko eka sAtha uvAda meM jAne kA vidhAna bnaayaa| isase adhika kI saMkhyA meM jAne para unheM dukkaTa kA daNDa lagatA thaa| yaha niyama isalie banAyA gayA pratIta hotA hai tAki upadeza-sthala para zAnti raha ske| pUre bhikSuNI-saMgha ke upasthita ho jAne para kolAhala sA ho jAtA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zeSa bhikSuNiyAM krama se uvAda sunane jAyA karatI thiiN| . vaha bhikSu, jo bhikSuNiyoM ko upadeza dene ke lie niyukta kiyA jAtA thA, bhikSuNI-ovAdaka (bhikkhunovAdaka) kahalAtA thA / usakA nirvAcana 'aticatutthakamma' ke mAdhyama se hotA thaa| kandhe para uttarAsaMga karake saikar3a baiThakara, hAtha jor3akara tathA caraNoM meM vandanA karake bhikSa-saMgha se bhikkhunovAdaka cunane kI prArthanA kI jAtI thii| usa samaya yadi saMgha dvArA bhikkhunovAdaka bhikSu ko nahIM cunA gayA hotA thA to bhikSuNI-saMgha ko 1. mahAvagga, pR0 388-89. 2. pAtimokkha, bhivakhunI pAcittiya, 58-59; pAcittiya pAli, pR0 430, cullavagga, pR0 384. 3. cullavagga, pR. 384; bhikSuNo vinaya, 694. . 4. pAcittiya pAli, pR. 76; cullavagga, pR. 384. .. ..

Page #94
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 75.. apanA kArya acchI prakAra sampAdita (pAsAdikena sampAdetU) karane kI salAha dI jAtI thii| __ ajJAnI, rogI tathA yAtrA para jAne vAlA bhikSu upadezaka banane se asvIkAra kara sakatA thA / para sAmAnyatayA bhikSuNI-saMgha ke prArthanA karane para koI bhikSu upadeza dene se inkAra nahIM karatA thA / mAnatta athavA parivAsa daNDa kA prAyazcitta kara rahe bhikSu ko bhI bhikSuNI ko upadeza dene kA adhikAra nahIM thA / yadi bhikSu-saMgha dvArA niyukta bhikkhunovAdaka bhikSu binA kAraNa ke upadeza sthagita kara de yA upadeza dene ke samaya cArikA ke lie calA jAya to use dukkaTa ke daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thaa| upadeza sunane kA eka nizcita sthala hotA thA, jahA~ bhikSaNiyoM ko jAnA Avazyaka thaa| usa sthAna para na jAne para unheM dukkaTa kA daNDa lagatA thA / parantu yadi bhikSuNI azakta yA rogI ho to bhikSu bhikSuNIupAzraya meM bhI jAkara upadeza de sakatA thA / sAmAnya avasthA meM bhikSuNIupAzraya meM upadeza dene kA vidhAna nahIM thA / kevala yogya tathA saMgha kI sammati se hI koI bhikSa bhikSuNiyoM ko upadeza de sakatA thA anyathA bhikSu ko bhI pAcittiya daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thA / aMguttara nikAya meM bhikkhunovAdaka bhikSu meM nimna ATha guNoM kA honA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai : (1) zolavAna ho tathA zikSApadoM ko samyak rUpa se sikhAne vAlA ho| (2) bahuzruta ho| (3) bhikkhu-pAtimokkha tathA bhikkhunI-pAtimovakha ke niyamoM kA jJAtA ho| (4) sUtra tathA vyaJjana ko bhalI prakAra vibhakta kara nizcita artha batAne vAlA tathA hitakara vANI bolane vAlA ho / 1. cullavagga, pR. 384. 2. vahI pR. 385. 3. mahAvagga, pR. 67. 4. cullavagga, pR0 383 5. vahI, pR0 386. 6. pAtimokkha, bhikkhu pAcittiya, 23. 7. aguttara nikAya, 8/6; pAcittiya pAli, pR0 77-78.. .

Page #95
76 : jaina Ara boddha bhikSuNo-saMgha (5) vizvasta, spaSTa tathA artha- bodhaka madhuravANI bolane vAlA ho / (6) bhikSuNI - saMgha ko dhArmika carcA dvArA viSaya spaSTa karane tathA unheM dharmAcaraNa meM prerita karane vAlA ho / (7) kisI bhikSuNI ke zarIra sparza kI vAsanA se mukta ho / (8) bosa varSa athavA isase adhika varSa kA upasampanna ho / mahAsAMdhika bhikSuNIvinaya ke anusAra bhikkhunovAdaka bhikSu ko nimna 12 aMgoM (dvAdazehi aMgehi ) meM niSNAta honA cAhie / ' (1) pratimokSa niyamoM kA jJAtA ho / (2) zikSApadoM ko samyak rUpa se sikhAne vAlA ho / (3) bahuzruta ho / (4) adhicitta zikSApradAna karane meM samartha ho / (5) adhizIla zikSA pradAna karane meM samartha ho / (6) adhiprajJA zikSA pradAna karane meM samartha ho / (7) akhaNDita brahmacarya vAlA ho / (8) kSamAzIla ho / (9) bhikSuNiyoM ke gurudharmoM kA jJAtA ho / (10) madhuravANI ( kalyANavAcA ) bolanevAlA ho / (11) sUtroM kA spaSTa tathA doSa rahita artha batAnevAlA ho / (12) 20 varSa yA isase adhika varSa kA upasampanna ho / ovAda thApana bhikSuNiyoM ke lie nirdhArita yaha eka prakAra kA daNDa thA / jo bhikSuNI bhikSuoM se ucita vyavahAra nahIM karatI thI, use yaha daNDa diyA jAtA thA / sarvaprathama use vihAra meM Ane se manA kara diyA jAtA thA (AvaraNa - vihArappavesane nivAraNaM) / yadi isa para bhI vaha koI dhyAna nahIM detI thI, to use bhikSu se upadeza sunane se manA kara diyA jAtA thA / aisI bhikSuNI ko uposatha meM dUsarI bhikSuNI ke sAtha zAmila hone kA adhikAra nahIM thA | yogya bhikSu hI bhikSuNI ko ovAda-thApana kA daNDa de sakatA thaa| ayogya athavA asamartha (bAlA, avyattA) bhikSu ko yaha daNDa dene kA adhikAra nahIM thA / yadi vaha anucita rUpa se isa adhikAra 1. bhikSuNI vinaya, 197. 2. cullavagga, pR0 382-83; samantapAsAdikA, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1384..

Page #96
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 77 kA prayoga karatA thA, to use dukkaTa-daNDa kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| vaha bhikSu jo bhikSuNI ko ovAda-thApana kA daNDa detA thA, binA nirNaya diye kahIM bAhara nahIM jA sakatA thA--anyathA vaha bhI dukkaTa ke daNDa kA bhAgI hotA thA / 2 upadeza kA anupayukta samaya : kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM upadeza dene yA sunane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| jaise-(1) akAle (sUryAsta ke bAda), (2) adeze (anupayukta sthAna para jaise dyUtazAlA, pAnAgArazAlA, vadhanAgArazAlA ke samIpa, jahA~ bahuta zora ho rahA ho, (3) anAgata kAla (pratipadA tathA dvitIyA ko), (4) ati-krAntikAla (caturdazI tathA pUrNimA ko), (5) yadi kama bhikSuNiyA~ hoM (na chandaso), (6) vyagratA meM ho (na vyagraso), (7) pariSada kI baiThaka kA samaya ho (na pArSado), (8) upadeza adhika vistAra se ho (na dIrgho vAdena) (9) upadezaka kAmI ho (aagntukaamsy)|" bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke pravAraNA sambandhI niyama : varSAvasAna ke pazcAt pratyeka bhikSuNI ko pravAraNA karanI par3atI thI arthAt bhikSuNI ko donoM saMghoM ke samakSa varSAkAla meM hue dRSTa, zruta tathA parizaMkita aparAdhoM kI AlocanA karanI par3atI thii| yadi ve doSo pAyI jAtI thIM to saMgha dvArA diye gaye daNDa ko unheM svIkAra karanA par3atA thaa| isake pazcAt hI ve zuddha hotI thiiN| pravAraNA na karane para unheM prAyazcitta kA daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ko pahale bhikSuNI-saMgha meM pravAraNA karake tadanantara bhikSu-saMgha meM pravAraNA karane kA vidhAna thaa| jina pramukha kAraNoM se bhikSuNiyoM ko varSAkAla meM bhikSuoM ke sAtha rahanA anivArya thA, unameM pravAraNA kA niyama bhI eka kAraNa thA / 1. cullavaga, pR0 383. 2. vahI, pR0 383. 3. bhikSuNI vinaya, $99-100.. 4. pAtimokva, bhikkhu pAcittiya, 22. 5, vahI, 24. 6. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 57.

Page #97
- 78 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha varSAvAsa ke avasAna ke turanta pazcAt unheM bhikSu saMgha ke samakSa pravAraNA karanI par3atI thI -ataH unake lie yaha suvidhAjanaka thA ki varSAkAla ke pazcAt bhikSu saMgha kI talAza meM idhara-udhara paribhramaNa karane ke bajAya ve bhikSu saMgha ke sAtha hI varSAvAsa kareM / anya niyamoM kI taraha pravAraNA ke sambandha meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke lie alaga se niyama nirdhArita nahIM kiye gaye the, ataH bhikSuoM ke niyama bhikSuNiyoM ke Upara bhI lAgU hote hoMge - yaha anumAna karanA anucita nahIM / - pravAraNA kI tithi : pravAraNA kI do tithiyA~ thIM - caturdazI athavA pUrNamAsI / ' varSAvAsa kI samApti para par3ane vAlI ina do tithiyoM (Azvina yA kArtika mAsa ) ke dina pravAraNA karane kA vidhAna thA / pravAraNA kI vidhi : pratyeka bhikSuNI sarvaprathama bhikSuNo-saMgha ke samakSa upasthita hotI thI tathA vinIta bhAva se kahatI thI ki varSAvAsa meM dekhe, sune tathA parizaMkita aparAdhoM kI maiM pravAraNA karatI hU~ / doSI siddha hone para maiM unakA prati- kAra karU~gI / isa prakAra vaha tIna bAra saMgha ko sUcita karatI thI / tadanantara use bhikSu saMgha ke samakSa bhI isI prakAra kI pravAraNA karanI par3atI thI / rogI ko bhI saMgha ke samakSa upasthita honA par3atA thA / yadi vaha saMgha ke samakSa jAne meM asamartha hotI thI, to usakI pravAraNA koI aura bhikSuNI kara sakatI thI / paristhitivaza saMgha ko bhI vahA~ svayaM jAkara pravAraNA lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / aisI sthiti meM samagra saMgha ke jAne kA vidhAna thA / * pravAraNA karanA atyAvazyaka thA, parantu kisI bhI paristhiti meM doSayukta pravAraNA nahIM kI jA sakatI thI / pravAraNA kara rahe bhikSu 1. mahAvagga, pR0 168. 2. vahI, pR0 167. 3. " saMgha, Avuso, pavAremi divena vA sutena vA parisaMkAya vA / vadantu maM Ayasmanto anukampaM upAdAya / passanto paTikarissAmi" - 4. vahI, pR0 169. vahI, pR0 167.

Page #98
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 79 athavA bhikSaNI kA yadi bIca meM ho doSa (aparAdha) mAlUma ho jAtA thA to usakI pravAraNA sthagita kara dI jAtI thii| parantu yadi kisI bhikSa athavA bhikSuNI kI pravAraNA samApta ho cukI hotI thI, to vaha pravAraNA sthagita nahIM mAnI jAtI thii|' jisa bhikSu yA bhikSuNI kA dRSTa, zruta athavA parizaMkita doSa siddha ho jAtA thA, use niyamAnusAra daNDita kara zaddha kiyA jAtA thaa| parantu yadi doSa siddha nahIM ho pAtA thA to jhUThe doSAropaNa lagAne vAle ko hI daNDita kiyA jAtA thA / 2 pravAraNA ke pazcAt vaha kahIM Ane-jAne ke lie svatantra thii| use kama se kama 5-6 yojana taka bhramaNa karane kA vidhAna banAyA gayA thaa| isa niyama kA atikramaNa karane para use prAyazcitta kA daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| yadyapi bhikSuoM ko bhI saMgha ke samakSa pravAraNA karane kA vidhAna thA, parantu pUre saMgha ke vidyamAna na hone para vaha do, tIna kI saMkhyA meM athavA akele bhI pravAraNA kara sakatA thA tathA isa prakAra vaha apane ko doSoM se zuddha kara sakatA thaa| parantu isa taraha kI chUTa bhikSuNiyoM ko prApta nahIM thii| unheM donoM saMghoM ke samakSa pravAraNA karanI par3atI thii| AvazyakatAnusAra pravAraNA atyanta saMkSipta kI jA sakatI thI, jaiserAjA kI tarapha se vighna ho, cora-DAkU kA khatarA ho, sA~poM yA hiMsaka jAnavaroM kA bhaya ho yA brahmacarya ko surakSA meM vighna upasthita hone kA bhaya ho|" AvAsa (vihAra) sambandhI niyama ___ jaina bhikSuNI vihAra (upAzraya) : varSAkAla ke cAra mahIne eka sthAna para tathA varSAvasAna ke bAda varSa ke zeSa ATha mahIne eka grAma se dUsare grAma ko vicaraNa karate hue pratyeka bhikSuNI ko rukane (Thaharane) kI jagaha khojanI par3atI thii| jahA~ ve rukatI thI, use hI upAzraya kahate the / upAzraya kI khoja bahuta hI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka karanI par3atI thI / isa sandarbha meM use aneka nirdeza diye gaye the| jIva-jantuoM tathA kIr3oM-makor3oM se 1. mahAvagga, pR0 189-90. 2. vahI, pR0 191-93. 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 40. 4. mahAvagga, pR0 173. 5. vahI, pR0 188-89.

Page #99
80 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha yukta upAzraya meM ThaharanA niSiddha thA / upAzraya yadi uddezyapUrvaka banAyA gayA ho, kharIdA gayA ho yA udhAra liyA gayA ho, to aise upAzraya meM bhikSuNiyoM ko rukane kI anumati nahIM thI / isI prakAra upAzraya yadi sadyaH gobara se lIpA-potA gayA ho, cUnA lagAkara ThIka kiyA gayA ho, dhUpa Adi se sugandhita kiyA gayA ho yA ukta bhavana kA upayoga abhI taka kisI dUsare ne nahIM kiyA ho, to niyamAnusAra ve vahA~ nahIM Thahara sakatI thIM / isa niSedha ke mUla meM yaha bhAvanA dRSTigocara hotI hai ki gRhastha zrAvaka ke Upara upAzraya ke lie atirikta bhAra na par3e / AcArAMga meM gRhasthoM ke saMsarga vAle upAzraya meM ThaharanA bhikSuNI ke lie niSiddha kiyA gayA hai / yaha niSedha isalie kiyA gayA thA ki aise makAna meM sAdhvI ke rogI Adi hone para vivaza hokara gRhastha ko usakI sevA karanI par3egI / parantu bRhatkalpasUtra meM aise upAzraya meM bhikSuNI ko Thaharane kI anumati dI gayI hai, jisameM Ane-jAne kA mArga gRhastha ke ghara ke madhya meM se hokara ho / " isI prakAra bhikSuNI pratibaddhazayyA vAle upAzraya meM raha sakatI thI / pratibaddha upAzraya vaha hai, jisakI divAleM athavA usakA koI bhAga gRhastha ke ghara se jur3A ho| ina virodhI niyamoM ko dekhakara zaMkA kA honA svAbhAvika hai, zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue bRhatkalpabhASyakAra kA kahanA hai ki sAdhviyoM ko aise upAzraya meM Thaharane kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki yadi nirdoSa upAzraya na mile to sAdhvI usameM Thahara sakatI hai / bhASyakAra kA kahanA hai ki aise upAzraya meM yadi gRhastha kI pitAmahI, mAtAmahI, mAtA, buA, bahana, lar3akI Adi rahatI hai, to sAdhvI usameM Thahara sakatI thI, kyoMki unake sAtha rahane meM bhikSuNiyoM kI saMyama virAdhanA kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI / " 1. AcArAMga, 2/2/1/1; 2/2/2/5. 2. vahI, _2/2/1/3. 3. vahI, 2/2/1/4-8. 4. vahI, 2/2/1/10-14, 2/2/2/1-4. 5. bRhatkalpasUtra, 1 / 34-35. 6. vahI, 1/33. 7. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2616. 8. vahI, 2618 - 20.

Page #100
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 81 digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke upAzraya sambandhI niyama : zvetAmbara bhikSuNiyoM ke samAna digambara bhikSuNiyoM ko bhI upayukta upAzraya meM Thaharane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / jIva-jantuoM se yukta' tathA uddezyapUrvaka nirmita ' upAzraya meM ThaharanA niSiddha thA / bhikSuNiyoM ko saMdigdha caritra vAle gRhasthoM ke upAzrayoM meM Thaharane kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA thA / upAzraya meM akelI bhikSuNI kA ThaharanA niSiddha thA / unheM do-tIna yA isase adhika kI saMkhyA meM hI eka sAtha Thaharane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thaa| saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI rakSA kA prazna sarvopari thA, ataH unheM paraspara mila kara evaM paraspara rakSA meM tallIna tathA lajjA, maryAdA ke sAtha Thaharane kI salAha dI gaI thI / " donoM sampradAyoM ke AvAsa sambandhI ina niyamoM se spaSTa hai ki jaina bhikSu evaM bhikSuNiyoM ko usa upAzraya yA vihAra meM rahanA niSiddha thA, jo unake nimitta banA ho yA unake nivAsa ke nimitta usakI ra~gAI, putAI yA marammata kI gaI ho / sAmAnyatayA gRhasthoM ke khAlI makAnoM, devAlayoM Adi meM hI unake Thaharane kA vidhAna thA, parantu ye niyama kevala Adarza mAtra hI pratIta hote haiM / jaina bhikSuoM ke nivAsa ke lie guphAoM yA vihAroM ke nirmANa ke ullekha IsA pUrva kI zatAbdiyoM se hI prApta hone lagate haiM / mathurA ke eka zilAlekha se " IsA pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke madhya ke eka jaina mandira ke vidyamAna hone kA pramANa prApta hotA hai / isameM uttaradAsaka nAmaka eka zrAvaka dvArA eka pAsAda-toraNa samarpita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / isI prakAra bhadantajayasena kI antevAsinI dharmaghoSA dvArA eka pAsAda ke dAna kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra eka dUsare utkIrNa zilAlekha para vAsu nAmaka gaNikA dvArA eka arhata mandira, sabhA bhavana ( AyAga - sabhA), prapA (pyAU ) aura eka zilApaTTa ke samarpita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / deg mathurA saMgrahAlaya ke hI eka khaNDita AyAga-paTTa para 1. mUlAcAra, 9 / 19. 2 . vahI, 10 / 58- 60. 3. vahI, 4/191. 4. vahau, 4 (188. 5. A List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 93. 6. Ibid, 99. 7. Ibid, 102. 6

Page #101
82 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha "vihAra" zabda aMkita hai / " bauddha grantha mahAvaMsa ke anusAra siMhala nareza pANDukA bhaya ne nirgranthoM (jaina bhikSuoM) ke lie vihAra nirmita karavAyA thA / isI prakAra hAthIgumphA abhilekha se bhI jaina bhikSuoM ke lie guphAvihAroM ke nirmANa kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki jaina bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI ina mandiroM evaM vihAroM meM rahane lage the / "prAkRtika guphAoM ko isa prakAra se parivartita kiyA gayA ki ve AvAsa ke yogya bana skiiN| Upara, bAhara kI ora laTakate hue prastarakhaNDa ko zilA - prakSepa ke rUpa meM isa prakAra kATA gayA ki usane varSA ke jala ko bAhara nikAlane tathA nIce zaraNa sthala banAne kA kAma kiyA / guphAoM ke bhItara zilAoM ko kATakara zayyAe~ banAyI gayIM, jinakA eka chora takie ke rUpa meM prayoga karane ke lie kucha uThA huA rakhA gayA / zayyAoM ko chenI se kATa-kATakara cikanA kiyA gayA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kucha para to pAliza bhI kI gayI thI" / " isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki dvitIya- prathama zatAbdI IsA pUrva se hI jaina bhikSuoM ke lie vihAra nirmita hone lage the / ina vihAroM kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti hetu bhUmi dAna kI prathA bhI Arambha huI / gupta samrATa buddhagupta ke zAsana kAla kA pahAr3apura se prApta eka tAmrapatra ullekhanIya hai / isameM eka brAhmaNa dampati dvArA jaina - vihAra ko bhUmidAna dene kA ullekha hai / " yadyapi jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke lie nirmita kisI viziSTa vihAra kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA, parantu yaha sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ina vihAroM kA upayoga bhikSuNiyA~ bhI karatI rahI hoMgI kyoMki vihAra meM rahane kI unakI AvazyakatA bhikSu samudAya se kahIM adhika thI / " bauddha bhikSuNI vihAra aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mahAtmA buddha mUlataH bauddha bhikSu saMgha yA bhikSuNIsaMgha ke AvAsa yA vihAra ke nirmANa ke samarthaka nahIM the / bhikSuoM ko upasampadA ke samaya jina cAra nizrayoM kI zikSA dI jAtI thI, usameM se 1. jainakalA evaM sthApatya, bhAga prathama, pR0 54. 2. mahAvaMsa, 10 / 97-98. 3. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. 20, P. 72. 4. jainakalA evaM sthApatya, bhAga prathama, pR0 97. 5. Epigraphia Indica, Vol, 20, P, 59.

Page #102
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 43 eka nizraya ke anusAra unheM vRkSa ke nIce nivAsa karanA thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ke lie isa nizraya kA vidhAna nahIM thaa| unheM vRkSa ke nIce yA jaMgala meM rahane kI anumati nahIM thI, kyoMki bhikSuNI ke akele rahane yA jaMgala meM rahane para zIla-apaharaNa kA bhaya upasthita ho sakatA thaa| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM ke praveza ke anantara unakI surakSAdi kI dRSTi se unake lie vihAra kI vyavasthA svIkAra kara lI gaI / bhikSu. giyoM ko vihAra-nirmANa karane kI anumati buddha ne svayaM dI thI / bhikSuNiyA~ svayaM bhI vihAra-nirmANa kA kArya kara sakatI thiiN| 3 zrAvastI meM rAjakArAma nAmaka prasiddha bhikSuNI-vihAra thA, jisakA ullekha bauddha granthoM meM aneka bAra AyA hai| vihAra meM aneka kamare hote the| ina kamaroM ko "pariveNa" kahA jAtA thA / zrAvastI ke eka bhikSuNI-vihAra meM bhikSuNI kAlI ke eka vyaktigata kamare kA ullekha hai| siMhalI granthoM se bhI tRtIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie nirmita vihAroM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / bhikSuNI saMghamittA ke Thaharane ke lie devAnAMpiyatissa ne hatthAlhaka vihAra banavAyA thaa| use hatthAlhaka vihAra isalie kahate. 'the, kyoMki usake samIpa hI hAthI bA~dhane kA sthAna thA / therI saMghamittA ke laMkA pahu~cane para sarvaprathama upAsikA-vihAra meM Thaharane kA ullekha hai|' yahA~ 12 bhavana banAye gaye the| bauddha dharma ke anya nikAyoM ke astitva meM Ane para bhI yaha hatthAlhaka vihAra unhIM bhikSuNiyoM ke ho adhIna rhaa| ... kabhI-kabhI bauddha bhikSuNI-vihAroM ke samIpa anya dharmAvalambiyoM ke bhI AvAsoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| zrAvastI ke eka bauddha bhikSuNI-vihAra ke samIpa jaina bhikSuoM ke nivAsa kA ullekha milatA hai| ina donoM vihAroM ke madhya meM eka dIvAla (kanthA) thI, jisake gira jAne para bauddha bhikSuNiyoM tathA jaina bhikSuoM ke madhya kaTuvAdAvivAda huA thaa| 1. "rUkkhamUlesenAsanaM" mahAvagga, pR0 55.... 2. cullavagga, pR0 399. 3. vahI, pR0 399. 4. AryAe kAlIe pariSeNam, bhikSuNI vinaya $158. . 5. mahAvaMsa, 19/82-83. 6. vahI, 19/68-71. . 7. bhikSuNI vinaya, 6139.

Page #103
84 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke vihAra sambandhI ina sAhityika sAkSyoM kA samarthana Abhilekhika sAkSyoM se bhI hotA hai| prathama zatAbdI IsvI ke junnAra bauddha guphA abhilekha meM eka bauddha bhikSuNI-vihAra kA ullekha milatA hai| yaha bhikSuNI-upAzraya sthaviravAda ke dharmottarIya nikAya kA thaa|' abhilekhoM meM kucha bhikSuNiyoM ke lie vihArasvAminI zabda kA prayoga huA hai / jina bhikSuNiyoM ke Upara vihAra kI vyavasthA kA uttaradAyitva rahatA thA, unheM vihArasvAminI kahA jAtA thA / kaniSka ke suI vihAra abhilekha meM bAlanandI ko vihArasvAminI kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra mathurA se prApta gupta samvat 135 (454 IsavI) ke eka abhilekha meM devadattA nAmaka bhikSuNI ko vihArasvAmino kahA gayA hai| phlITa ke anusAra 'vihArasvAminI' zabda kisI dhArmika pada kI sUcanA nahIM detA, apitu isakA artha vihArasvAmI kI patnI se hai, parantu isa vicAra se sahamata honA kaThina hai| bhikSuNiyA~ vihAra-nirmANa kA kArya (navakamma) kara sakatI thiiN| isakI anumati svayaM buddha ne dI thI / abhilekhoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie navakammaka (navarmika) zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| amarAvatI se prApta eka bauddha abhilekha meM bhikSuNI buddharakSitA ko "navakammaka" kahA gayA hai|" upAsaka sAlha ne eka bhikSuNI-vihAra banavAne meM bhikSuNI sundarInandA kI sahAyatA lI thii| "navakammaka' kA artha usa bhikSaNI se hai, jo AvAsa yA vihAra ke nirmANa se sambandhita thI yA usakI marammata Adi karAne meM sahayoga karatI thI / ataH vihArasvAminI bhikSuNI kA tAtparya vihArasvAmI kI patnI se nahIM hai, balki aisI bhikSuNiyoM se hai, jo vihAra kI vyavasthA Adi kA kArya dekhatI thIM yA naye vihAra kA nirmANa karavAtI thiiN| 1. A List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1152, 1155. 2. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. II, Part I,P. 141. 3. Ibid, Vol. III, p. 263. 4. 'Viharswamini seems, not to be a technical religious title denoting an office held by females, but to mean simply the wife of a 'Viharswamin'. -Ibid, vol. III, P. 263. 5. A List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1250, 6. pAcittiya pAli, pR0 284,

Page #104
yAtrA evaM AvAsa sambandhI niyama : 85 tulanA-isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki varSAkAla kI asuvidhAoM se bacane ke lie tathA bhikSaNiyoM kI surakSA ke lie prArambha se hI donoM saMghoM meM vihAra nirmita hone lage the| jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko yadyapi uddezyapUrvaka nirmita bhavana yA upAzraya meM rahanA niSiddha thA, parantu yahA~ hama ina niyamoM kA apavAda dekhate haiN| yaha avazya hai ki bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke lie zrAvastI ke rAjakArAma bhikSuNI-vihAra jaise viziSTa vihAra nirmita hue the, parantu jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke lie isa prakAra ke kisI viziSTa vihAra kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotaa| isI prakAra kisI jaina sAhityika tathA Abhilekhika sAkSya meM kisI bhikSuNI ko "navakammaka" athavA bihArasvAminI" nahIM kahA gayA hai /

Page #105
caturtha adhyAya jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA jaina bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA uttarAdhyayana' meM jaina bhikSu kI dinacaryA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai / isI AdhAra para bhikSuNiyoM ko bhI dinacaryA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| dina aura rAta ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara unakA kAryakrama nizcita kiyA gayA thA aura usI ke anusAra unheM jIvana-nirvAha karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / dina ke cAra bhAgoM meM prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna, tRtIya prahara meM bhikSA-gaveSaNA evaM bhojana aura caturtha prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karane kA vidhAna thA / 2 dina ke samAna rAtri ke bhI cAra bhAga kiye gaye the| rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna, tRtIya prahara meM zayana tathA caturtha prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karane kA vidhAna thaa| bhikSuNI ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha sUryodaya hone para dina ke prathama prahara ke prathama caturtha bhAga meM bhANDa (pAtra) kA pratilekhana kara guru kI vandanA kre| phira guru se yaha pUche ki "aba mujhe kyA karanA cAhie (ki kAyavvaM mae ihaM") kisI kArya meM niyukta kie jAne para use aglAna bhAva se sampanna karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| koI kArya na rahane para use svAdhyAya karane kA vidhAna thA / dvitIya tathA tRtIya prahara kramazaH dhyAna tathA bhikSA-vRtti ke lie nizcita the| caturtha prahara meM upakaraNoM ke pratilekhana ke pazcAt use punaH svAdhyAya karanA hotA thaa| isake atirikta SaT Avazyaka kRtyoM kA bhI sampAdana karanA hotA thaa| sAmAyika, stavana 1. uttarAdhyayana, 26 vA adhyAya / 2. paDhama porisiM sajjhAyaM, bIyaM jhANaM ziyAyaI / . taiyAai bhikkhAyariyaM, puNo cautthIe sajjhAyaM // -vahI, 26/12. 3. vahI, 26/18. 4. vahI, 26/8-10.

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 87 vandana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga tathA pratyAkhyAna-ye SaT Avazyaka kRtya the| isa prakAra pratyeka jaina bhikSuNI ke sAmAyika, stavana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna aura pratilekhana, AlocanA ,dhyAna, svAdhyAya tathA bhikSA gaveSaNA dinacaryA ke pramukha kRtya the| SaDAvazyaka . (1) sAmAyika-citta meM samatAbhAva kA AnA hI sAmAyika hai| lAbha-hAni, saMyoga-viyoga, sukha-duHkha, bhUkha-pyAsa Adi anukUla evaM pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM rAga-dveSa rahita honA hI sAmAyika kahalAtA hai| .. (2) stavana-caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI zraddhApUrvaka stuti karanA svatana hai| (3) vandana-isI prakAra mana, vacana evaM zarIra se zuddha hokara arhanta, siddha, AcArya, guru Adi ko vidhipUrvaka namana karanA vandana hai| .. (4) pratikramaNa-dainika kriyAoM meM pramAda Adi ke kAraNa doSa lagane para unakI nivRtti ke lie pratikramaNa Avazyaka thaa| pratikramaNa se jIva svIkRta vratoM ke chidroM ko banda karatA hai tathA vizuddha cAritra ko prApta karate hue samyak samAdhistha hokara vicaraNa karatA hai / sthAnAMga meM pratikramaNa ke chaH bheda batAe gaye haiM / (1) uccArapaDikkamaNa-mala-tyAga karane ke bAda apane sthAna para Akara IryA-patha tathA mala-visarjana sambandhI doSoM kA pratikramaNa karanA / (2) pAsavaNapaDikkamaNa-mUtra-tyAga karane ke bAda IryA-patha tathA mUtravisarjana sambandhI doSoM kA pratikramaNa krnaa| ___ (3) ittariya-alpakAlika athavA dina yA rAtri meM hue doSoM kA pratikramaNa krnaa| (4) Avakahiya-sallekhanA karate samaya AjIvana ke lie grahita mahAvratoM ke doSoM kA pratikramaNa krnaa| 1. sAmAyike stave bhaktyA vandanAyAM pratikrame / pratyAkhyAne tanUtsarge vartamAnasya saMvaraH / yogasAraprAbhRta, 5/46. 2. uttarAdhyayana, 29/12. 3. sthAnAMga, 6/538.

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88: jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha (5) jaM kiMci micchA-jo mithyA AcaraNa huA ho, usakA pratikramaNa krnaa| (6) somaNaMtiya-svapna meM hue doSoM kA pratikramaNa karanA / pratikramaNa ke pazcAt vizaddha hokara guru kI vandanA kI jAtI thii| usake pazcAt kAyotsarga karane kA vidhAna thA / ' (5) kAyotsarga-kAyotsarga jaina bhikSaNI kI dinacaryA kA aMga thaa| kAyotsarga ko saba duHkhoM se mukta karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| isakA mukhya dhyeya zarIra ko sthira rakhakara ekAgracitta se apane doSoM kA cintana karanA thA / kAyotsarga kA artha deha ke prati mamatva kA tyAga karanA yA dehabhAva se Upara uThanA thaa| colapaTTaga ko jAnu (ghuTanoM) ke cAra aMgula Upara rakhakara (caturbhiraGga lairjAnunorupari) tathA nAbhi ke cAra aMgula nIce rakhakara (nAbhezcAdhazcatubhiraGgulai), pairoM ke bIca meM cAra aMgula kI dUrI rakhakara, mukhavastrikA ko dAhine hAtha meM pakar3akara tathA rajoharaNa ko bAe~ hAtha meM pakar3akara, bAhoM ko nIce phailAkara, sthiratApUrvaka kAyotsarga karane kA vidhAna thA / kAryotsarga kisI bhI avasthA meM khaNDita nahIM honA cAhie-bhale hI kAyotsarga karate hue sarpa DaeNsa le (sAdhupadrave'pi) athavA alaukika zaktiyA~ vighna DAleM (divyopsrgessvpi)|' kAyotsarga ko samApta kara guru ko vandanA karane tathA yathocita tapa svIkAra kara siddhoM kI stuti (siddhANasaMthava) karane kA vidhAna thaa| (6) pratyAkhyAna-sAMsArika viSayoM kA tyAga hI pratyAkhyAna kahA jAtA thaa| pratyAkhyAna dvArA nitya ke AhArAdi meM viziSTa padArtha kA viziSTa samaya ke lie tyAga kiyA jAtA thaa| yaha vizvAsa kiyA gayA thA ki isase icchAoM kA nirodha hotA hai aura saMyama kI vRddhi hotI hai| pratilekhana vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNoM kA samyak prakAra se parimArjana karanA hI pratilekhana kahA jAtA hai| yaha isalie Avazyaka thA tAki upakaraNoM meM rahe hue kisI jIva-jantu kI kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA na ho / 1. uttarAdhyayana, 26/42. 2. "kAyavossagge sambaduksavimokkhaNe" vahI, 26/47. 3. oghaniyukti, 512-14. 4. uttarAdhyayana, 26/52.

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 89 sarvaprathama bhikSA pAtra kA pratilekhana kara mukhavastrikA tathA pramAjikA (gocchaga) kA pratilekhana kiyA jAtA thaa| vastra kA pratilekhana karate samaya pahale utkuTuka Asana me baiThakara vastra ko sthiratApUrvaka dekhane tathA punaH vastra ko kholakara (paphphoDe) dhyAnapUrvaka usakA pramArjana karane kA vidhAna thaa| pratilekhana karate samaya yaha dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA ki vastra yA zarIra idhara-udhara hile-Dale nahIM (aNaccAviyaM avaliyaM), vastra A~kha se ojhala na ho (aNANubandhi) aura na vastra kA dIvAla Adi se samparka ho (amosaliM) / pramArjana karate samaya vastra meM yadi koI jantu cipakA ho to use sAvadhAnIpUrvaka vizodhana kara dene kA vidhAna thaa| (pANIpANavisohaNaM) pratilekhana karate samaya paraspara vArtAlApa karanA, par3hanA, par3hAnA yA kathA kahanA niSiddha thaa| pratilekhana ke aneka doSoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai yathA-ArabhaDA (eka vastra kA pUrI taraha pratilekhana kie binA dUsare vastra ke pratilekhana meM laga jAnA), sammadA (vastra ko isa taraha pakar3anA ki usake kone mur3a jAya) mosalI (pratilekhana karate samaya vastra ko Upara-nIce yA idhara-udhara karanA, (jora se jhaTakanA), paphphoDaNA vikkhittA (pratilekhita vastra ko apratilekhita vastra para rakha denA), veiyA (pratilekhana karate samaya hAtha ko idhara-udhara hilAnA-DulAnA), pasiDhila (vastra ko DhIlA pakar3anA), palamba (vastra kA eka konA pakar3anA jisase vaha nIce laTaka jAya), lola (vastra kA bhUmi se samparka honA), egAmosA (vastra ke bIca meM se pakar3akara pUre vastra ko dekha jAnA), aNegarUvadhuNA (vastra ko aneka bAra athavA aneka vastroM ko eka sAtha jhaTakanA), pamANipamAya (prasphoTana tathA pramArjana ke niyama kA ullaMghana karatA), saMkie gaNaNovagaM (prasphoTana tathA pramArjana ke niyama meM zaMkA ke kAraNa hAtha kI UMgaliyoM kI parva-rekhAoM se gaNanA karanA)-ina doSoM se rahita pratilekhana hI zuddha mAnA jAtA thaa| mAlocanA-pratyeka bhikSu-bhikSuNI ko pratidina apane dvArA sevita 1. uttarAdhyayana, 26/23-24. 2. vahI, 26/25. 3. vahI, 26/29. 4. vahI, 26/26-27.

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90 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha . doSoM yA aticAroM ko batAnA par3atA thaa| aparAdha ke anusAra hI guru prAyazcitta detA thA, ise hI AlocanA kahA jAtA thaa|' - AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke samakSa kI gayI AlocanA sarvottama mAnI jAtI thii|2 sAmbhogika (samAna samAcArI vAle) bhikSa-bhikSaNiyoM ko paraspara (annamannassa) arthAt bhikSu ko bhikSuNI ke samakSa tathA bhikSuNI ko bhikSu ke samakSa AlocanA karanA niSiddha thaa| AlocanA sunane yogya sAdhu-sAdhvI ke samakSa hI AlocanA kI jA sakatI thI, anyathA nhiiN|' isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhikSuNI apanI prattinI athavA kisI yogya bhikSuNI ke samakSa hI AlocanA kara sakatI thii| AlocanA sunane yogya vyakti meM 10 guNoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnA ( gayA thA-vaha AcAravAn ho, avadhAraNAvAn (AlocanA karane vAle ke samasta aticAroM ko jAnane vAlA) ho, vyavahAravAn ho, apravIDaka (AlocanA karane vAle ko lAja tathA saMkoca se mukta karane meM samartha) ho, prakArI (vizuddhi karAne vAlA) ho, aparizrAvI (AlocanA karane vAle ke doSoM ko dUsare ke sAmane na prakaTa karane vAlA) ho, niryApaka (kaThora prAyazcitta ko bhI nibhAne meM sahayoga dene vAlA) ho, apAyadarzI (prAyazcittabhaMga se utpanna doSoM ko batAne vAlA) ho, priyadharmA ho, dRr3hadharmA ho| - aise guru ke samakSa AlocanA karanA niSiddha thA, jo upadeza de rahA ho yA adhyayana meM rata ho, dhyAna se na sunatA ho, jo durvyavahArI ho, pramatta (asAvadhAna) ho, jo AhAra kara rahA ho Adi / dhyAna citta ko kisI viSaya para kendrita karanA dhyAna kahA gayA hai| bhikSubhikSuNiyoM ko dina aura rAtri-pratyeka ke dUsare prahara meM dhyAna karane kA 1. "AloyaNa" tti AlocanamAlocanA aparAdhamaryAdayA locanaM--darzanamAcAryAderAlocanetyabhidhIyate" __-oghaniyukti, pR0 25. 2. vyavahAra sUtra, 1/33. 3. vahI, 5/19. 4. sthAnAMga, 10/733. 5. opaniyukti, 514-19. 6. cittasegaggayA havai jhANaM"-dhyAnazataka, 2. .

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 91 nirdeza diyA gayA thA (bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii)| sthAnAMga ke anusAra dhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM-AtaM, raudra, dharma tathA zukla; Arta tathA raudra aprazasta dhyAna aura dharma tathA zukla prazasta dhyAna mAne gae the| prathama do dhyAna duHkha yA saMsAra ke hetu tathA antima do dhyAna mokSa ke hetu kahe gae haiN| dharma dhyAna se jIva kA rAgabhAva manda hotA hai tathA vaha Atmacintana kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| AtmA kI atyanta vizuddhAvasthA ko zukla dhyAna kahA gayA hai| yaha dhyAna dharma dhyAna ke bAda prArambha hotA hai| isa dhyAna se mana kI ekAgratA ke kAraNa AtmA meM parama vizuddhatA AtI hai aura kaSAyoM, rAgabhAvoM tathA karmoM kA sarvathA parihAra ho jAtA hai| bhikkhAyariya (bhikSA-gaveSaNA) ... bhikSu-bhikSuNI donoM ke lie AhAra sambandhI aneka niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thA / sajjhAyaM (svAdhyAya) jaina bhikSaNI ke jIvana meM svAdhyAya kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| dina aura rAta kA prathama tathA antima prahara svAdhyAya ke lie niyata samaya thaa| isa prakAra divasa aura rAtri ke ATha prahara meM cAra prahara (12 ghaNTa) svAdhyAya ke lie hI samarpita the| Agama sAhitya meM aisI aneka bhikSaNiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo Agama ganthoM kA gahanatA se adhyayana karatI thIM tathA usameM pUrNatA prApta karatI thiiN| antakRtadazAMga meM yakSiNo AryA ke sAnnidhya meM padmAvatI' Adi tathA candanA AryA ke sAnnidhya meM kAlI Adi ko 11 aMgoM kA adhyayana karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai / isI prakAra jJAtAdharmakathA meM suvratA AryA ke sAnnidhya meM dropadI ko 11 aMgoM kA adhyayana karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai| bauddha grantha therIgAthA kI aTThakathA (paramatthadopanI) se bhI kucha viduSI jaina bhikSuNiyoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| therI gAthA meM bhadrA 1. sthAnAMga, 4/247. 2. uttarAdhyayana, 30/35; mUlAcAra, 5/197. 3. draSTavya-dvitIya adhyAya / 4. antakRtadazAMga, varga 5. 5. vahI, varga 8. 6. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/16.

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92 : jaina aura vauddha bhikSuNI saMgha kuNDalakezA' tathA naMduttarA' nAmaka aisI do bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA ullekha hai jinhoMne bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza ke pUrva jaina bhikSuNI saMgha meM dIkSA lI thiiN| ina donoM bhikSuNiyoM ne jaina saMgha meM tarkazAstra kA adhyayana kiyA thA / ve itastataH bhramaNa karatI huI zAstrArtha kiyA karatI thIM / bhadrAkuNDalazA kA sAriputra ke sAtha tathA naMduttarA kA sthavira mahAmaudgalyAyana ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane kA ullekha hai / ina donoM bhikSuNiyoM ne parAjita hokara bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza liyA thA / ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM ke adhyayana kA samucita prabandha thA / yahA~ yaha spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai ki jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko 11 aMgoM kA hI adhyayana karane kI anumati pradAna kI gayI thI / unheM 12vA~ aMga, jise dRSTivAda kahA jAtA hai, ko par3hane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA / isa niSedha ko sabala AdhAra pradAna karane ke lie yaha tarka diyA gayA thA ki striyA~ nimna prakRti kI, garvIlI tathA caMcala indriyoM se yukta tathA durbala buddhi vAlo hotI haiM / dRSTivAda ke samAna hI mahAparijJA, aruNopapAta Adi grantha bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke lie niSiddha the / " ina granthoM ko "bhUtavAda" kahA gayA hai| inameM mantra, bhUta-preta, alaukika zaktiyoM se sambandhita varNana haiM / adhyayana kI vidhi antakRtadazAMga tathA jJAtAdharmakathA se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bhikSuNI apanI dIkSA pradAna karane vAlI pravattinI ke sAnnidhya meM (antie) hI adhyayana karatI thI / ataH pravattinI hI bhikSuNI ko aMga Adi AgamoM kA adhyayana karAtI thI / jaina granthoM meM adhyayana kI pA~ca vidhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / - (1) vAcanA (vAyaNA), (2) pRcchanA (pucchaNA), 1. therI gAthA, paramatthadIpanI TIkA, 46. 2. vahI, 42. 3. " nahi prajJAvatyo'pi striyo dRSTivAdaM paThanti " - bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga prathama, 145 ( TIkA ) / 4. " tucchA gAravabahulA calidiyA dubbalA ghiIe iti AisesajjhayaNA bhUyAvAo ya no sthoNaM" -- vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA saMkhyA 552; bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga prathama, 146. 5. vahI, prathama bhAga, 146 ( TIkA ) /

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 93 (3) AvRtti karanA (pariyaTTaNA), (4) manana karanA (aNuppehA), (5) dhArmika kathAoM ko kahanA (dhmmkhaa)|' isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNI granthoM meM ullikhita zlokoM ko sirpha yAda hI nahIM karate the, apitu unameM nihita mUla bhAvanA ko samajhane kI koziza karate the| eka grantha ko bAra-bAra par3hakara tathA aspaSTa viSayoM ke sambandha meM prazna pUchakara usake tattva ko pUrI taraha AtmasAta kiyA jAtA thaa| adhyayana kA uddezya adhyayana kA uddezya ucca thA tathA isase kisI bhautika sukha ko prApta karane kI AzA nahIM kI jAtI thii| isakA mukhya uddezya thA jJAnaprApti (NANaTThayAe) / granthoM ke adhyayana se darzana tathA cAritra kI zuddhi hotI thI (dasaNaTrayAe crittttryaae)| sAtha hI yaha vizvAsa kiyA gayA thA ki adhyayana se dUsaroM ko mithyA abhiniveza se mukta karane meM (vuggahavimoyaNaThyAe) tathA svayaM bhI yathArtha tattva ko samajhane meM saralatA hotI hai (ahatthe vA bhAve jaannissaamiitiktttt)| adhyApana karanA ___ antakRtadazAMga tathA jJAtAdharmakathA se spaSTa hotA hai ki bhikSuNiyA~ adhyApana kArya bhI karatI thiiN| dIkSA pradAna karane vAlI pratinI hI par3hAne kA uttaradAyitva vahana karatI thI / yogya bhikSuNiyA~ apanI ziSyAoM tathA zrAvikAoM ko upadeza pradAna karatI thiiN| parantu bhikSuNI kisI bhikSu ko upadeza nahIM de sakatI thii| sarvathA yogya hote hue bhI use bhikSu ko par3hAne kA adhikAra nahIM thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM bhikSuNI rAjImatI dvArA bhikSu rathanemi ko upadeza dene kA jo udAharaNa upalabdha hotA hai, vaha eka apavAda hI hai| rathanemi ke bhautika vAsanApUrti ke prastAva ko asvIkAra kara rAjImatI ne atyanta kaThora zabdoM meM phaTakArate hue unheM pratibodhita kiyA thaa| isI prakAra brAhmI aura sundarI ne bAhubalI ko pratibodhita kiyA thA / inake atirikta anya kisI sAkSya (sAhityika athavA Abhilekhika) meM kisI bhikSuNI kA bhikSu ke upadezaka ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM miltaa| abhilekhoM meM bhI sarvatra 1. sthAnAMga, 5/465; uttarAdhyayana, 30/34. 2. sthAnAMga, 5/468. 3. uttarAdhyayayana, 22vA~ adhyAya /

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94 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bhikSu ko hI upadezaka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| unake lie "gaNinavAcaka" tathA "vAcaka" ke vizeSaNa prayukta kiye gaye haiN| parantu kisI bhI abhilekha meM bhikSuNI ke lie ina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| anadhyAya kAla - nimna paristhitiyoM meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko svAdhyAya karanA niSiddha thA / yathA-AkAza meM ulkApAta hone para, teja garjanA hone para, teja A~dhI Ane para, atyadhika osa par3ane para, AkAza meM bijalI Adi camakane para, candra-grahaNa aura sUrya-grahaNa hone para, rAjA athavA rAjyAdhikArI kI mRtyu hone para, do rAjyoM ke madhya yuddha chir3ane para Adi / isa kAla meM adhyayana niSiddha thaa|' . isake atirikta cAra mahApratipadAoM meM bhikSa-bhikSuNiyoM ko svAdhyAya karanA niSiddha thA / ye pratipadAe~ nimna thiiN| (1) zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA. (2) kArtika kRSNA pratipadA, (3) mArgazIrSa kRSNA pratipadA, (4) vaisAkha kRSNA pratipadA / ___ upayukta anadhyAya kAla ke atirikta yadi bhikSuNI kA zarIra roga se pIr3ita ho to, use adhyayana se virata rahane ko kahA gayA thaa| bhikSu ko anadhyAya kAla (vyatikRSTa kAla) meM adhyayana karanA sarvathA niSiddha thA, yadyapi navadIkSitA bhikSuNI aise samaya meM bhI kisI bhikSu kI anumati se adhyayana kara sakatI thii| tAki yAda kiye hue sUtra vismRta na hoN| ___ vaidika paramparA ke dharmasUtroM tathA smRtiyoM meM bhI anadhyAya kAla ko vistRta rUpa se carcA kI gaI hai| pakSa kI pahalI, AThavIM, caudahavIM tathA pandrahavIM (pUrNamAsI evaM amAvasyA) nAmaka tithiyoM meM veda kA adhyayana karanA niSiddha thaa| yAjJavalkya ne 37 tAtkAlika anadhyAyoM kA varNana kiyA hai yathA-kuttA bhauMkane yA siyAra, gadahA, ulla ke bolate rahane para tathA addha rAtri meM aadi| isI prakAra bijalI ke camakane, vajrapAta yA varSA hone para vedAdhyayana niSiddha thaa|" 1. sthAnAMga, 10/714. 2. sthAnAMga, 4/285; nizIthasUtra, 18/14. 3. nizIthasUtra, 18/18. 4. vyavahAra sUtra, 7/16; nizIthasUtra, 18/16. .. .. 5. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, prathama bhAga, pR0 258-261. . . . . .. .

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 95 ... dhyAna ke atirikta jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke jIvana meM tapa kA atyadhika mahattva thaa| tapa se samasta karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai tathA AtmA parizuddha hotI hai / tapa ko vaha vidhi batAyA gayA hai, jisase baddha karmoM kA kSaya karake AtmA vyavadAna-vizuddhi ko prApta hotI hai|' antakRtadazAMga meM bhikSuNI padmAvatI dvArA gyAraha aMgoM ke adhyayana ke sAtha hI upavAsa, belA, telA, colA, pa~colA, pandraha-pandraha dina kI aura mahIne mahIne taka ke vividha prakAra kI tapasyA karane kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra antakRtadazAMga se hI jJAta hotA hai ki kAlI ne ratnAvatI tapa, sukAlI ne kanakAvalI tapa, mahAkAlI ne laghusiMha niSkrIDita tapa, kRSNA ne mahAsiMha-niSkrIDita tapa, sukRSNA ne saptasaptamikA bhikSupratimA tapa, mahAkRSNo ne laghusarvato. bhadra tapa, vIrakRSNA ne mahAsarvatobhadra tapa, rAmakRSNA ne bhadrotarapratimA tapa, pitRsena kRSNA ne muktAvalI tapa tathA mahAsena kRSNA ne AyambilavarddhamAna nAmaka tapa kiyA thaa| ina tapoM meM vividha saMkhyAoM meM upavAsa Adi karane kA vidhAna thA, jisakA vistRta varNana granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| aisA varNana prApta hotA hai ki ratnAvalI tapa karane ke pazcAt bhikSuNI kAlI kA zarIra mAMsa aura rakta se rahita ho gayA thaa| unake zarIra kI dhamaniyA~ pratyakSa dikhAI dene lagI thii| zarIra itanA kRza ho gayA thA ki uThate-baiThate zarIra kI haDDiyoM se AvAja utpanna hotI thii| digambara bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA digambara bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA kA koI kramabaddha varNana nahIM prApta hotA / ataH inakI bhI dinacaryA zvetAmbara bhikSuNiyoM ke samAna rahI hogI-yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. "taveNaM bhante ! jove kiM jaNayaha ? tavaNaM vodANaM jaNayaha" -uttarAdhyayana, 29/28. 2. antakRtadazAMga, varga 5, adhyAya, 1. 3. vahI , varga 8, adhyAya, 1-10. 4. taeNaM sA kAlI majjA teNaM orAleNaM jAva dhamaNisaMtayA jAyA yA vi hotthA / se jahA nAmae iMgAlasagaDI vA jAva suhuyahuyAsaNe iva bhAsarAsipalicchaNNA, taveNaM teeNaM tavateyasirIe aIva uvasobhemANI ciTThai // .. - vahI, varga 8, adhyAya,.1.

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96 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha digambara bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke svAdhyAya kA upayukta samaya zvetAmbara bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke samAna hI thaa| dina kA pUrvAhna, aparAhna tathA rAtri kA pUrvAhna-aparAhna-ye cAra prahara svAdhyAya ke lie upayukta mAne gaye the|' nimna paristhitiyoM meM svAdhyAya karane se niSedha kiyA gayA thA yathA-ulkApAta ke samaya, megha garjana ke samaya, candra grahaNa aura sUryagrahaNa ke samaya, dhUmaketu kA udaya ho jAne para tathA bhUkampa Adi ke A jAne pr| bhikSuNiyA~ jJAnAbhyAsa meM sadA tatpara rahatI thiiN| isI prakAra ve tapa, vinaya aura saMyama se sambandhita niyamoM kA samyakapeNa pAlana karatI thiiN|' jisa prakAra zvetAmbara bhikSuNiyoM ko 12 vA~ aMga dRSTivAda par3hanA niSiddha thA. usa prakAra digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke lie kauna se grantha niSiddha theisakA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / unheM yaha nirdeza avazya diyA gayA hai ki ve gaNadhara, pratyeka buddha, zrutakevalI tathA abhinnadazapUrvadhara dvArA kathita sUtroM ko asvAdhyAya kAla meM na pddh'eN| yadyapi aise samaya meM bhI unheM ArAdhanA, niyukti, maraNa-vibhakti, stutipratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka tathA dharmakathA Adi par3hane kI anumati dI gaI thii| digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke dhyAna, tapa Adi kA vizeSa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA parantu yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki digambara bhikSuNiyA~ bhI zvetAmbara bhikSuNiyoM ke samAna dhyAna tathA tapa meM sadA tatpara rahatI rahI hoNgii| jaina bhikSuNI ke mataka-saMskAra sallekhanA-jaina granthoM meM sallekhanA AtmA ko zuddha karane vAlA antima vrata mAnA gayA hai / mRtyu ke nikaTa A jAne para athavA AcAra Adi ke pAlana meM zithilatA hone para AhAra Adi kA tyAga karake prANoM kA utsarga karanA hI sallekhanA hai| sallekhanA meM upavAsa se zarIra ko tathA jJAnabhAvanA dvArA kaSAyoM ko kRza kiyA jAtA hai / jJAtAdharmakathA meM 1. mUlAcAra, 5/73. 2. vahI, 5/77-79. 3. vahI, 4/189. 4. vahI, 5/80-81. 5. vahI, 5/80-82. *

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 97 bhikSuNI poTTilA ke bhaktapratyAkhyAna (AhAra Adi kA tyAga karake) dvArA mRtyu-prApta karane kA ullekha hai| usane eka mAsa kI sallekhanA arthAt 60 bhakta kA anazana karake apanA zarIra tyAgA thaa| isI prakAra bhikSaNI draupadI dvArA eka mAsa kI sallekhanA ke pazcAta zarIra tyAgane kA ullekha hai / 2 jaina abhilekhoM meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke samAdhimaraNa ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| zravaNabelagola se prApta eka jaina abhilekha meM sAdhvI gantI3 tathA sAdhvI kAlabbe ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra candragiri parvata se prApta eka jaina abhilekha meM sAdhvI rAjImatI" ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| mRtyu ke bAda bhikSuNiyoM ke kauna-kauna se mRtaka saMskAra hote theisakA alaga se kahIM ullekha prApta nahIM hotA / bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhikSuoM ke mRtaka-saMskAra ke sambandha meM niyama diye gae haiM-sAmAnya rUpa se ve hI niyama bhikSuNiyoM ke sambandha meM lAgU hote rahe hoNge| mRtaka zarIra ko eka kapar3e se DhaMka diyA jAtA thA tathA majabUta bA~soM kI paTTiyoM para zmazAna-sthala ko le jAyA jAtA thaa| zava ko DhaMkane ke lie sapheda kapar3oM kI tIna paTiyA~ lagatI thIM-eka zava ke nIce bichAne ke lie, dUsarA zava ko Upara se DhaMkane ke lie tathA tIsarA bA~sa kI paTTayoM se zava ko bA~dhane ke lie| malIna yA raMga-biraMge kapar3e se zava ko DhaMkanA niSiddha thaa| mRtyu ho jAne para zava ko turanta bAhara le jAne kA vidhAna thA, parantu yadi himavarSA ho rahI ho, coroM aura jaMgalI jAnavaroM kA Dara ho, nagara-dvAra banda ho gayA ho, mRtaka atyanta vikhyAta ho, mRtyu ke pahale yadi usane mAsAdika upavAsa kiyA ho tathA rAjA apane sevakoM ke sAtha nagara meM A rahA ho, to zava ko kucha samaya taka roka dene kA vidhAna thaa| zmazAna-bhami meM zava kA sira grAma yA nagara kI tarapha rakhA jAtA thaa| zmazAna meM zava ko liTAkara usake Upara ghAsa Adi ko samAna rUpa se phailA diyA jAtA thaa| isake pUrva mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa, pAtra Adi 1. 'mAsiyAe saMlehaNAe attANaM jhosittA saTThi bhattAI aNasaNAI'. -jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/14. 2. vahI, 1/16. 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pR0 288. ... .. . . 4. vahI, prathama bhAga, pR0 379. 5, vahI, prathama bhAga, pR0 317. 7

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98 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha vahIM alaga rakha diye jAte the| zava meM Aga nahIM lagAI jAtI thI, apitu siyAroM, pizAcoM tathA yakSoM (vyantara) ke lie chor3a diyA jAtA thaa| vahA~ se lauTane ke pazcAta garu ke samakSa kAyotsarga karane tathA ajitanAtha evaM zAntinAtha kI stuti karane kA vidhAna thA / ' bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA ... jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke samAna bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA kA koI kramabaddha varNana nahIM prApta hotaa| jaina bhikSuNiyoM kI pratilekhanA, AlocanA, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga Adi dinacaryA ke Avazyaka kRtya the, bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke sandarbha meM isa prakAra ke kisI Avazyaka kRtya kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| phira bhI yaha anumAna karanA anucita nahIM ki bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ko bhI jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke samAna hI apanI upAdhyAyA yA pravartinI kI vandanA Adi karanA anivArya rahA hogaa| bhikkhunI pAcittiya ke anusAra unheM prati pandrahaveM dina bhikSusaMgha ke pAsa uposatha kI tithi pUchane tathA upadeza sunane jAnA par3atA thaa| isake atirikta bhikSA-caryA bhI dina kA eka Avazyaka kRtya thaa| bhikSuNI ko vikAla (madhyAhna ke bAda) meM bhojana karanA niSiddha thaa| ataH use bhikSA kI gaveSaNA madhyAhna ke pUrva hI karanI par3atI thii| isake atirikta bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana tathA dhyAna karane ke aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| parantu isake lie dina tathA rAtri kA kauna samaya nizcita thA, isakA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| adhyayana bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ atyanta adhyayanazIla hotI thiiN| sAhityika evaM Abhilekhika sAkSyoM se unakI vidvattA ke aneka pramANa prApta hote haiN| bhikSuNI kSemA kA kozala-nareza prasenajita se dArzanika vArtAlApa huA thaa| usane prasenajita ke gUr3ha dArzanika praznoM kA bahuta hI vidvattApUrNa uttara diyA thaa| kSemA ko paNDitA tathA bahazrutA kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra bhikSuNI dhammadinnA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, jisane zrAvaka vizAkha ke gambhIra praznoM kA sahajatApUrvaka uttara diyA thaa| dhammadinnA 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga paMcama, 5500-5552. 2. "paNDitA viyattA medhAvinI bahussutA cittakathA kalyANapaTibhAnA" -saMyutta nikAya, 41.

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 99 ke uttaroM kA samarthana svayaM buddha ne bhI kiyA thA tathA use paNDitA tathA mahAprajJAvAna batAyA thA / " therIgAthA se, jisameM bhikSuNiyoM dvArA apanI nimna prakRti (mAra ) ke Upara vijaya prApti ke samaya ke udgAra varNita haiM, unakI vidvattA ke sambandha meM aneka mahattvapUrNa sUcanAeM prApta hotI haiM / yerI gAthA meM aisI aneka bhikSuNiyoM kA ullekha hai jinheM tInoM vidyAoM meM pAraMgata batAyA gayA hai / bhikSuNI bhadrA kApilAyinI ko apane AcArya sthavira mahAkAzyapa ke samAna tInoM vidyAoM ke jAnane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI use mRtyu para vijaya prApta karane vAlI tathA mAra aura usakI senA ko jItakara antima deha dhAraNa karane vAlI kahA gayA hai| paTAcArA ko vinayadhAriyoM meM agra kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra jinadattA nAmaka bhikSuNI ko vinayapiTaka kI paMDitA, bahuzrutA tathA sadAcAriNI kahA gayA hai / " sumedhA ko bhI zIlavatI, vAgminI, bahuzrutA tathA buddha-zAsana ke anusAra zikSA pAyI huI batAyA gayA hai / " abhilekhika sAkSyoM se bhI bhikSuNiyoM kI vidvattA kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai / mathurA se prApta huviSkakAlona eka abhilekha (Mathura Buddhist Image Inscription) meM bhikSuNI buddhamitrA ko "piTikA" kahA gayA hai / sAranAtha se prApta eka anya abhilekha ( Sarnath Buddhist Umbrella Post Inscription ) meM sambhavataH usI bhikSuNI ko piTikA kahA gayA hai - arthAt vaha tInoM piTakoM kI jJAtA thI / 1. "paNDitA, vizAkha, dhammadinnA bhikkhunI, mahApaJjA, bisAkha, dhammadinnA bhikkhunI / maM cepi tvaM visAkha, etamatthaM puccheyyAsi, ahaM pi taM evameva byAkareyyaM yathA taM dhammadinnAya bhikkhuniyA byAkataM / 1 - majjhimanikAya, 1 / 44. 2. therI gAthA, saM0 49, 53, 58, 59, 60, 61. 3. therI gAthA, gAthA, 65. 4. vinayadharAnaM yadidaM paTAcArA, --aGguttara nikAya, 1/14. 5. therI gAthA, gAthA, 427. 6. " solavatI cittakathikA bahussutA buddhasAsane vinItA " 7. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 38. therI gAthA, gAthA, 449.

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1.0 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha use apane guru therabhadanta bala ke samAna yogya batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra sA~cI se prApta eka abhilekha (Sanchi Buddhist Stupa Inscription) meM aviSiNA nAmaka bhikSuNI ko "sUtAtikinI" kahA gayA hai-arthAt yA to vaha sUtroM ko jJAtA thI yA suttapiTaka meM pAraMgata thii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ adhyayana meM gaharI ruci rakhatI thIM aura bauddha granthoM kA samyak anuzIlana kara unameM pAraMgata huA karatI thiiN| upadeza evaM adhyApana bauddha saMgha ke niyamoM ke anusAra bhikSuNiyoM ko prati 15veM dina bhikSusaMgha se uvAda (upadeza) sunane ke lie jAnA par3atA thaa| spaSTa hai, bhikSu hI bhikSuNiyoM ko upadeza dene kA adhikArI thaa| bhikSuNI kisI bhikSu ko upadeza nahIM de sakatI thI, parantu vaha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI bhikSuNiyoM ko tathA gRhastha upAsaka-upAsikAoM ko dharmopadeza de sakatI thii| ... bhikSuNI zuklA dvArA mahatI sabhA meM dharmopadeza karane kA ullekha hai. jaise pathikagaNa varSA ke jala kA AnandapUrvaka pAna karate haiM, usI prakAra zuklA ke madhura tathA ojapUrNa dharmopadeza ko jana-samudAya grahaNa karatA hai / bhikSaNI paTAcArA ke upadeza ko amogha batAyA gayA hai|4 paTAcArA ne apane upadeza se aneka duHkhI nAriyoM ko bauddha-saMgha meM praveza ke lie utsAhita kiyA thaa| isI prakAra RSidAsI dharmopadeza karane meM atyanta kuzala thii|6 bhikSuNI kSemA ne vijayA ko dhAtu, Ayatana, Arya-satya, indriya, bala, bodhyaMga, Arya-mArga kA upadeza diyA thaa| isI prakAra vaDaDhesI ko eka bhikSuNI ne skandha, Ayatana aura dhAtuoM kA upadeza 1. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 925. 2. Ibid, 319,352. 3. "taJca appaTivAniya asecanakamojavaM pivanti mane sappA valAhakamivaddhagU" -therIgAthA, gAthA, 55. 4. "mogho ayyAya ovAdo" -therI gAthA, gAthA, 126. 5. vahI, paramasthadIpanI TIkA, 48,50.... 6. "dhammadesanA kusalA"-vahI, gAthA, 404. 7. vahI, gAthA, 170-71.

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ko dinacaryA : 101 diyA thaa|' isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki aneka bhikSuNiyA~ gUr3ha praznoM ko saralatApUrvaka samajhAne meM sakSama thiiN| unheM yaha nirdeza thA ki jo bhikSuNI vijJa na ho, vaha kama zabdoM meM hI dharmopadeza kre| 2 . bhikSuNiyA~ adhyApana bhI karatI thiiN| pravattinI ko "upAdhyAyA" kahA gayA hai| vaha zrAmaNerI ko 10 zikSApadoM tathA zikSamANA ko d| varSa taka SaDdharmoM kI samyakrUpeNa zikSA pradAna karatI thI tathA unaka pAlana karavAtI thii| pravattinI dvArA prativarSa do yA eka zikSamANA banAnA niSiddha thA / 3 isa niyama kA pratipAdana sambhavataH aisA isalie kiyA gayA hogA ki jisase vaha zikSamANA ko bhalI prakAra zikSA pradAna kara ske| amarAvatI se prApta eka bauddha abhilekha (Amaravati Buddhist Stone Inscription) meM vinayadhara Arya pUnarvasU kI antevAsinI samudrikA ko "upAdhyAyinI' kahA gayA hai arthAt vaha adhyApana kA kArya karatI thii| parantu vaha kevala bhikSuNiyoM ko hI par3hAtI rahI hogI, kyoMki saMgha ke niyamAnusAra koI bhikSuNI kisI bhikSu ko na to upadeza de sakatI thI aura na par3hA sakatI thii| .. dhyAna tathA samAdhi bauddha bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA meM dhyAna tathA samAdhi kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna thA / dhyAna ke kSetra meM hI samAdhi kA viSaya bhI antarbhUta ho jAtA hai / dhyAna kI kriyA se citta kA pariSkAra athavA parizodhana hotA hai; dhyAna kA artha hai cintana krnaa| dhyAna kA mukhya uddezya nirvANa kI prApti batAyA gayA hai| samAdhi zabda kA prayoga bauddha granthoM meM citta kI ekAgratA (cittassa ekaggatA) ke lie kiyA gayA hai| buddhaghoSa ne samAdhi ko 'kusalacitta kI ekAgratA" kahA hai| 1. therI gAthA, gAthA, 69. 2. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 103. 3. vahI, 82, 83. 4. List of Brahmi Inscription, 1286. 5. "jhAyatti upanijjhAyatIti jhAnaM". -samantapAsAdikA, bhAga prathama, pR0 145. .. 6. vizuddhimagga, pR0 57.

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102 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ate granthoM meM dhyAna kI cAra avasthAoM kA ullekha hai / prathama dhyAna meM kAma evaM akuzala dharmoM se vivikta hokara citta vitarka-vicAra se yukta anubhava meM nimagna rahatA hai| dUsare dhyAna meM vitarka evaM vicAra zAnta ho jAte haiM / citta apane andara samAdhijanya prIti sukha kA anubhava karatA haiN| tIsare dhyAna meM prIti bhI chUTa jAtI hai / isa dhyAna meM dhyetA ( dhyAyI) ko "sukha-vihArI" kahA gayA hai / cauthe dhyAna meM sukha bhI chUTa jAtA hai / isa prakAra sukha aura duHkha, saumanasya evaM daurmanasya ke asta ho jAne se smRti - parizuddhi kA caturtha dhyAna meM lAbha hotA hai / " bauddha granthoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ke dhyAna karane ke anekazaH ullekha prApta hote haiM / bhikSuNI vimalA, jo vaizAlI ke eka vaizyA kI kanyA thI, AnandapUrvaka kahatI hai "vRkSoM ke nIce dhyAnarata huI maiM avitarka dhyAna ko prApta kara viharatI hU~ / " bhikSuNI uttamA ne zUnyatAdhyAna ko prApta kiyA thA / 3 isI prakAra bhikSuNI sumaMgalamAtA tathA bhikSuNI zubhA dvArA" vRkSa ke nIce dhyAna karane kA ullekha hai / bhRgukaccha kI bhikSuNI vaDDhamAtA apane putra ko sambodhita karate hue kahatI hai ki adhyavasAyapUrvaka dhyAna karane ke kAraNa usake saba citta-mala naSTa ho gaye haiM / bhikSuNI nandA ko dhyAna karanevAliyoM meM agra kahA gayA hai / " dhyAna ke dvArA hI bhikSuNiyA~ samAdhistha hotI thIM, jisameM ve nirvANasukha kA Ananda prApta karatI thiiN| ve dhyAna meM itanI lIna ho jAtI thIM ki apane ko buddha se alaga nahIM mAnatI thIM, apitu unakI aurasa tathA mukhaniHsRta kanyA mAnane lagatI thIM / ve apane ko "orasA dhItA buddhassa "" kahatI haiM / dhyAna ke dvArA citta itanA nirmala ho jAtA thA ki nirvANa 1. bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa, pR0 128. 2. "nisinnA rukkhamUlamhi avitakkassa lAbhinI " - therI gAthA, gAthA, 75. 3. vahI, 46. 4. vahI, 24. 5. vahI, 362. 6. vahI, 209. 7. "jJAyinaM yadidaM nandA " 8. therI gAthA, gAthA, 46. --- aGguttara nikAya, 1 / 14.

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 103 prApti meM aba koI avarodha upasthita nahIM ho sakatA thA, yahA~ taka ki strItva bhI aba koI bAdhA nahIM thii|' pAlI sAhitya meM bhikSuNiyoM dvArA dhyAna karane kI vidhi kA bho ullekha milatA hai| ve paira dhokara ekAnta sthAna meM baiThatI thiiN| tatpazcAta citta ko ekAgra kara samAdhi meM sthita hotI thiiN| phira yaha pratyavekSaNa karatI thIM ki sabhI saMskAra anitya haiM, duHkha rUpa haiM tathA anAtma haiN| bhikSuNiyA~ udgAra prakaTa karatI haiM ki unhoMne rAtri ke prathama yAma meM pUrvajanmoM ko smaraNa kiyA; madhyama yAma meM divya-cakSuoM ko vizodhita kiyA tathA rAtri ke antima yAma meM aMdhakArapuMja ko naSTa kara diyA; jaba ve Asana se uThI to tInoM vidyAoM ko pUrNa jJAtA thiiN| jaba citta ekAgra nahIM ho pAtA thA, to ve isake lie kaThora prayatna karatI thiiN| bhikSuNI uttamA saptAha bhara eka hI Asana para baiThakara dhyAna karatI rahI, AThaveM dina usakA ajJAnAndhakAra naSTa huaa| 3 bhikSuNI anupamA kI vAsanA kA sAta rAta taka dhyAna karane ke bAda mUlocchedana huaa| isI prakAra bhikSuNI zyAmA ko AThavIM rAta ko divyacakSu prApta huaa| samyakarUpeNa dhyAna karane se ve alaukika zaktiyoM se yukta ho jAtI thIM / bhikSuNI sakulA kahatI hai ki dhyAna ke utkarSa meM use vizuddha, vimala divya dRSTi prApta huii| isI prakAra bhikSuNI vaDDhesI dhyAna ke bAda kI avasthA kA varNana karate hue kahatI hai "apane atItajanma mujhe jJAta haiM, tathA vizodhita huye mere cakSu divya haiN| paracittajJAna mujhe labdha hai, alakSya vastuoM ko bhI maiM zravaNa kara sakatI hU~, yoga vibhUtiyA~ bhI maiMne prApta kI, 1. 'itthibhAvo no kiM kayirA cittamhi susamAhite ANamhi vattamAnamhi sammA dhamma vipassato" -thero gAthA, gAthA, 61. 2. vahI, 118-20, 172-74, 179-80. 3. vahI, 44. 4. vahI, 156. 5. vahI, 38. 6. vahI, 100.

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104 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha chaH abhijJAoM kA maiMne sAkSAtkAra kiyA / ' dhyAna ke pazcAt vaDDhamAtA kahatI hai ki hona, madhyama aura utama jitane bhI saMskAra haiM, unakI aNumAtra bhI tRSNA usake citta meM nahIM hai| dhyAna ke sthala bhikSuNiyoM ke dhyAna karane ke kisI nizcita sthala kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| saMgha ke niyamoM ke anusAra unheM akele jaMgala meM rahanA yA akele ghumanA niSiddha thaa| kahIM bhI jAne para bhikSuNiyoM kI saMkhyA eka se jyAdA rahatI thI, ataH ve itanI ekAgratA ke sAtha dhyAna karane kA avasara nahIM pAtI thIM, jitanA ki bhikSuoM ko upalabdha thA / phira bhI, uparyukta niSedhoM ke bAvajUda, bhikSuNiyA~ dhyAna ke lie ekAnta sthala kI talAza kara letI thiiN| bhikSuNI dantikA ne gRdhrakUTa parvata ke zikhara para baiThakara dhyAna kI sAdhanA kI thI tathA usa nirjana araNya meM hI apane citta ko damita kara usa para vijaya prApta kI thii| bhikSuNI zailA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, jo eka bAra andhavana meM ekAntavAsa kara rahI thii| use akelI pAkara mAra ne lobhakArI vacanoM se dharmacyuta karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| bhikSuNI cAlA' kA bhojanoparAnta andhavana meM hI dhyAna karane ke lie jAne kA ullekha hai| phira bhI unheM dhyAna hetu ekAnta sthala sahaja sulabha nahIM the, ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ve apane vihAra ke kamaroM meM hI dhyAna karatI thiiN| 1. "pubbenivAsaM jAnAmi dibbacakkhaM visodhitaM ceto paricca ANaJca sotadhAtu visodhitA iddhi pi me sacchikatA patto me Asavakkhayo cha me bhiA sacchikatA kataM buddhassa sAsanaM" -therI gAthA, gAthA, 70-71. 2. ye keci vaDDha sakhArA honaumkaTThamajjhimA aNu pi aNumatto pi vanatho me na vijjati -vahI, 207 3. vahI, 48. 4. vahI, parasmathadIpanI TIkA, 57. 5. vahI, 59.

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jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA : 105 bauddha bhikSuNI ke mRtaka-saMskAra bauddha bhikSu-bhikSuNI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt kyA-kyA saMskAra kie jAte the- isakA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| bauddha bhikSuNI ko zastra khojakara rakhanA, matya kI prazaMsA karanA tathA marane ke lie kisI ko prerita karanA sarvathA niSiddha thaa|' aisI bhikSuNI pArAjika daNDa kI bhAgI hotI tho aura saMgha se sarvadA ke lie nikAla dI jAtI thii| therI gAthA meM bhikSuNI siMhA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, jisane AtmahatyA kA prayatna kiyA thaa| sAta varSa kI sAdhanA ke pazcAt bhI jaba usake citta ko zAMti nahIM milI, to usane eka ghane vana meM phA~sI lagAkara marane kA nizcaya kiyaa| parantu jaise hI vaha phA~sI gale meM DAla rahI thI ki usakA citta vimukta ho gyaa| mRtyu ke samaya yadi bhikSaNI apane dAyabhAga (parikkhAra) saMgha ko denA cAhe to vaha sAmAna bhikSuNI-saMgha kA hotA thA, bhikSu-saMgha use nahIM grahaNa kara sakatA thaa| parantu yadi zikSamANAM tathA zrAmaNerI matyu ke samaya apanA dAyabhAga saMgha ko denA cAhe to vaha sAmAna bhikSu-saMgha kA hotA thA, bhikSuNI-saMgha kA nahIM / tulanA hama dekhate haiM ki jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ adhyayana evam adhyApana meM gaharI ruci rakhatI thiiN| jaina bhikSuNiyA~ gyAraha aMgoM kI tathA bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ tripiTaka tathA sUtroM kI paNDitA huA karatI thiiN| jaina saMgha ke donoM sampradAyoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ko kucha granthoM kA par3hanA niSedha kiyA gayA thA, parantu isa prakAra ke kisI niSedha kA ullekha bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke sandarbha meM nahIM prApta hotaa| donoM dharmoM ke anusAra bhikSuNI kisI bhikSu ko upadeza nahIM de sakatI thI, parantu apanI ziSyAoM tathA gRhastha bhaktoM ko upadeza dene kA unheM pUrA adhikAra thaa| isI prakAra ve dhyAna karane meM bhI pravINa thoN| yadyapi dhyAna karatI huI kisI jaina bhikSuNo kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA, parantu unake dvArA vrata-upavAsa karane, kAyotsarga karane tathA AtApanA lene ke aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ nirjana sthAnoM meM bhI dhyAna karane ke lie calI jAtI thIM / dhyAna ke dvArA . 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pArAjika, 3. 2. therI gAthA, paramatthadIpanI TIkA, 40. 3. cullavagga, pR0 388.

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106 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha hI kucha bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke alaukika zakti se yukta hone ke varNana prApta hote haiM / kucha jaina bhikSuNiyA~ saMlekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa dvArA apane zarIra kA tyAga karatI thIM, parantu bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke sambandha meM isa prakAra zarIra tyAga karane kA hameM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA / bhikSuNI siMhA dvArA AtmahatyA kA prayAsa karane kA eka ApavAdika udAharaNa avazya prApta hotA hai, parantu isake atirikta kisI bhI abhilekhika athavA sAhityika sAkSya se dUsarA udAharaNa nahIM prApta hotA, jabaki saMlekhanA karatI huI jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke anekazaH ullekha prApta hote haiM /

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paMcama adhyAya ke zIla sambandhI niyama nAriyoM ke pravrajyA sambandhI kAraNoM kA anuzIlana karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki nAriyA~ svecchA se athavA paristhitiyoM se bAdhya hokara jaina yA bauddha saMgha meM praveza letI thiiN| jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI bar3hatI huI saMkhyA ne jahA~ donoM dharmoM ke prabhAva ko vistRta kiyA, vahIM bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA ke prazna ko bhI mahattvapUrNa banA diyA / jaina evaM bauddha donoM saMghoM ke samakSa sabase mahatvapUrNa prazna bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla kI surakSA kA thaa| eka strI jaba bhikSaNI bana jAtI thI to usakI surakSA kA pUrA kA pUrA uttaradAyitva saMgha para AtA thaa| donoM dharmoM meM hameM isa sambandha meM niyamoM kI eka vistRta rUpa-rekhA prApta hotI hai| jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama / prAcIna jaina Agama granthoM meM bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA ke prazna ke. bAre meM utanI cintA nahIM vyakta kI gaI hai, jitanI kI paravartI granthoM meN| yaha bAta bRhatkalpabhASya, nizItha vizeSa cUrNi, Avazyaka niyukti, gacchA-- cAra Adi paravartI granthoM meM upalabdha sAmagrI ke vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para kahI jA sakatI hai| upAzraya meM bhikSaNiyoM ko kabhI akelA nahIM chor3A jAtA thaa| gacchAcAra' ke anusAra gaccha meM rahane vAlI sAdhvI rAtri meM do kadama bhI bAhara nahIM jA sakatI thii| unheM akele AhAra, gocarI yA zauca ke lie. bhI jAnA niSiddha thaa| vastra ke sambandha meM atyanta satarkatA rakhI jAtI thii| bRhatkalpabhASya tathA oghaniyukti meM bhikSuNiyoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle gyAraha vastroM kA ullekha hai| yAtrA ke samaya unheM sabhI vastroM ko dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| rUpavatI sAdhviyoM ko khujjakaraNI nAmaka vastra dhAraNa karane kI salAha dI gayI thI, tAki ve kurUpa 1. gacchAcAra, 108. 2. bRhatkalpasUtra, 5/16-17. 3. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga caturtha, 4119.

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108 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha sI dIkhane lge|' bhikSuNiyA~ apane prayoga ke lie DaNThala-yukta tumbI tathA DaNDevAlA pAda-poMchana nahIM rakha sakatI thiiN| isI prakAra bhojana meM ve akhaNDa tAlapralamba nahIM le sakato thIM / yahA~ tAla pralamba kA tAtparya sabhI lambe AkAra vAle phaloM se hai| bRhatkalpabhASyakAra ne isa prakAra ke phaloM kI eka lambo sUcI do hai| yaha vizvAsa kiyA gayA thA ki ina phaloM ke lambe phalaka ko dekhakara bhikSuNiyoM meM kAma-vAsanA udyipta ho sakatI hai / unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki puruSa-sparza se udbhUta Ananda kA ve svAda na leN| sAdhvI ko bImArI se kamajora ho jAne ke kAraNa yA kahIM Ane-jAne para gira jAne ke kAraNa yadi pitA, putra athavA anya koI puruSa uThAne, to aise puruSa-sparza ko pAkara athavA mala-mUtra kA tyAga karate samaya yadi pazu Adi usake aMgoM kA sparza kara leM to aise sparza ko pAkara tathA usase utpanna kAma-vAsanA ke Ananda se virata rahane ko kahA gayA thA; anyathA use cAturmAsika prAyazcitta ke daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thaa| saMkSepa meM, bhikSuNiyoM ko yaha kaThora nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve kisI bhI paristhiti meM maithuna kA Ananda na leN| upAzraya ke sambandha meM bhI aisI hI satarkatA rakhI jAtI thii| pUrNa surakSita AvAsa prApta karane ke liye ve hara sambhava prayatna karatI thIM, parantu yadi sUrakSita AvAsa nahIM milatA thA to unheM vivaza hokara anya upAzrayoM meM bhI rahanA par3atA thaa| udAharaNasvarUpa, anAvRta dvArA vAle upAzraya meM rahanA unake lie niSiddha thA, parantu upayukta upAzraya na milane para saMgha dvArA nirdhArita kucha maryAdAoM kA pAlana karate hue ve usameM raha sakatI thiiN| isake lie vistRta niyamoM kA pratipAdana bRhatkalpabhASya meM milatA hai| isake anusAra kapATa-rahita dvAra ko chidra-rahita parde se donoM ora kasakara bA~dhA jAtA thaa| sikar3I andara se hI khulatI thii| usake 1. "khujjakaraNI u korai rUvavaINaM kuDahahe"-oghaniyukti, 319. .. 2. bRhatkalpasUtra, 5/38-44. 3. "no kappai. niggaMthINaM pakke tAlapalambe abhinne paDiggAhie' -vahI, 1/4. 4. tala nAliera laue, kaviTTha aMbADa aMbae ceva ___aM aggapalaba, neyavvaM ANupuvIe"-bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga dvitIya, 852. 5. bRhatkalpasUtra, 4 / 14. 6. vahI, 5113-14. 7. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2331-52. .

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : 109 kholane ke rahasya ko yA to pratihArI jAnatI thI yA vaha jo sikar3I bA~dhatI thI-anya koI nhiiN| sabhI sUtroM meM pAraMgata (samyagadhigatasUtrArthA), uccakula meM utpanna (vizuddhakulotpanna), bhayahIna (abhIrU), gaThIle badana vAlI (vAyAmiyasarIra), baliSTha pratihArI upayukta mAnI jAtI thI / vaha hAtha meM majabUta DaNDA lekara dvAra ke pAsa baiThatI thI, jo koI bhI usameM praveza karane kA prayatna karatA thA, pratihArI bhikSaNI usakI pUrI jA~ca karatI thI / vaha Agantuka ke sira, gAla, chAtI kA bhalI-prakAra sparza kara patA lagAtI thI ki Ane vAlA vyakti strI hai yA puruSa / phira vaha usakA nAma pUchatI thii| ina sArI kriyAoM ke bAda jaba vaha santuSTa ho jAtI thI, tabhI pratihArI Agantuka ko upAzraya ke andara praveza kI AjJA detI thii| isa niyama se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki durAcArI puruSa strI-veSa dhAraNa kara bhikSuNiyoM ke upAzraya meM pahuMca jAte the, isake nirAkaraNa hetu hI yaha niyama banAyA gayA thaa| Agantuka ko upAzraya ke andara dera taka rukane tathA vyartha kA vArtAlApa karane kI AjJA nahIM thii| phira bhI yadi ina sArI satarkatAoM ke bAvajUda koI durAcArI vyakti usameM praveza pA jAtA thA, to sabhI bhikSuNiyA~ milakara bhayaMkara kolAhala karatI thIM tathA DaNDA lekara pahale vRddhA bhikSuNI (sthavirA) phira taruNI bhikSaNI, phira vRddhA- isa krama se apane zIla kI rakSA kA prayatna karatI thIM / anAvRta dvAra vAle upAzraya meM bhikSuNiyoM ko jora-jora se par3hane ke lie kahA gayA thA tathA durAcArI vyaktiyoM ke praveza ke sabhI prayatnoM ko viphala karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| isake atirikta bhikSu ko aise upAzrayoM yA zUnyAgAroM meM bAhara se sAdhvI kI rakSA karane ko kahA gayA thA (bahirakkhiyAu vasaheMhi) 2 taruNI sAdhvI kI surakSA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| upAzraya meM pahale sthavirA (vRddhA) bhikSuNI, isake pazcAt taruNI bhikSuNI, usake pazcAt phira vRddhA bhikSuNI aura usake pazcAt punaH taruNI bhikSuNI-isa krama se zayana karane kA vidhAna thaa|3 zIla ke naSTa hone kI sambhAvanA tabhI rahatI thI jaba sAdhvI ke sAtha koI balAtkArapUrvaka sambhoga kara le| nizIthacUNi meM sambhoga ke kAraNoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2323. 2. vahI, bhAga tRtIya, 2324. 3. gacchAcAra, 123.

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110 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha inameM rAga kA atyadhika mahattva hai / yaha sahI bhI hai, kyoMki rAga ke kAraNa hI eka dUsare ke prati Asakti utpanna hotI hai jisase AkarSaNa bar3hatA hai aura ucita avasara milane para vaha sambhoga meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / jaina saMgha meM brahmacarya ke khaNDita hone para sAdha-sAdhvI ke lie kaThoratama daNDa kA vidhAna thaa| yadyapi hiMsA jaise mahAvratoM ko virAdhanA meM binA prAyazcitta ke bhI kAma cala jAtA thA, parantu brahmacarya mahAvrata kA bhaMga, cAhe vaha kisI bhI paristhiti meM huA ho, binA prAyazcitta kiye usase chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA thA / ' prAyazcitta anivArya thA-bhale hI usakI gurutA atyanta kama ho| isakA sabase pramukha kAraNa yaha thA ki abrahmacarya kA sevana binA rAga-dveSa ke ho hI nahIM sakatA / ' daNDa kA uddezya hamezA zikSAtmaka hotA thaa| abhiyukta ko upayukta daNDa dene ke atirikta anya logoM kI zikSA dene ke liye isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| parantu phira bhI yadA-kadA aisI ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI rahatI thIM, jinake ullekha hameM tatkAlIna granthoM se prApta hote haiN| sAmAnya vyaktiyoM ke atirikta rAjA evaM sAmantavarga ke sadasya isa kukRtya meM hissA lete the| ve sundarI bhikSuNiyoM ko pakar3a kara apane antaHpura meM rakhane ke lie icchaka rahate the| isa sambandha meM kAlakAcArya evaM gardabhilla kI kathA suvikhyAta hai| kAlakAcArya kI bhikSuNI bahana sarasvatI ko ujjaina ke rAjA gardabhilla ne pakar3avA liyA thaa| bAda meM videzI zakoM kI sahAyatA se yuddha evaM mantra-prayoga ke dvArA ve apanI bahana ko chur3Ane meM saphala huye| spaSTa hai ki bhikSuNI ke zIla ko surakSArtha alaukika zaktiyoM evaM mantroM kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA thA, yadyapi sAmAnya avasthA meM mantroM Adi kA prayoga niSiddha thaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sabhI sAvadhAniyoM ke bAvajUda bhI koI na koI bhikSuNI samAja ke durAcArI vyaktiyoM ke caMgula meM pha~sa jAtI thI aura usake lie apane zIla ko bacAye rakhanA kaThina ho jAtA thA, yadyapi unheM hara prakAra se apane zIla kI rakSA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| aisI 1. nizItha-eka adhyayana, 10 68. 2. "maithunabhAvo rAgadveSAbhyAM vinA na bhavati" -bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga paMcama, 4944. 3. nizItha vizeSa pUNi, 2860.

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : 111 paristhiti meM unheM salAha dI gayI thI ki ve carmakhaNDa, zAka ke patte, darbha tathA apane hAtha dvArA apane guptAMgoM kI rakSA kreN|' itanI sAvadhAnI rakhane para bhI durAcAriyoM dvArA bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha balAtkAra kI ghaTanAe~ ghaTa hI jAtI thIM / isa avasthA meM jaba bhikSuNI kA svayaM kA apanA koI doSa nahIM ho, jaina saMgha atyanta udAra thA / saccI mAnavatA ke guNoM se sampanna evaM apanI maryAdA kI rakSA karatA huA jaina saMgha usakI sabhI apekSita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA thA / aisI bhikSuNI na to ghRNA kI pAtra samajhI jAtI thI aura na use saMgha se bAhara nikAlA jAtA thA / use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki aisI ghaTanA ghaTane ke bAda vaha anya logoM ke jAnane ke pahale apane AcArya yA pravartinI se kahe / ve yA to svayaM usakI dekhabhAla karate the yA garbha Thaharane kI sthiti meM use kisI zraddhAvAna zayyAtara ke ghara ThaharA dete the / aisI bhikSuNI ko nirAzraya chor3a dene para AcArya ko bhI daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thA / use bhikSA ke lie bhejA nahIM jAtA thA, apitu dUsare sAdhu evaM sAdhvI usake lie bhojana evaM anya Avazyaka vastue~ lAte the| zizu ke dUdha pIne taka vaha gRhastha ke hI ghara rahatI thI jo usakA mAtA-pitA ke samAna pAlana-poSaNa karatA thA / balAtkAra kiye jAne para usakI AlocanA karane kA kisI ko adhikAra nahIM thA / isa doSa ke lie jo usa para u~galI uThAtA thA yA use cir3hAtA thA, vaha daNDa kA pAtra mAnA jAtA thA / isake mUla meM yaha bhAvanA nihita thI ki aisI durbhAgyapUrNa sthiti meM, jisake lie vaha svayaM uttaradAyI nahIM hai, usakI AlocanA karane para vaha yA to nirlajja ho jAyegI yA lajjA ke kAraNa saMgha chor3a degI / donoM hI sthitiyA~ usake evaM saMgha ke hita meM nahIM haiN| kyoMki isase usakI evaM saMgha kI badanAmI hogI / aise prasaMgoM para jaina saMgha apanI garimA kI rakSA karane meM pUrNa - tatpara rahatA thA / upayukta Azraya sthala na milane para aisI bhikSuNI ko bhikSuNI ke veza meM nahIM rakhA jAtA thA, apitu gRhastha kA veza pahanAkara ( gRhiliGga karoti ) gaccha ke sAtha rakhA jAtA thA / usakI sevA meM tatpara vRddha sAdhu "zrAddhaveza dhAraNa karatA thA athavA yuvaka bhikSu ' siddhaputraveza" dhAraNa karatA thA / isa prakAra kA veza dhAraNa karane kA kAraNa yaha thA ki 1. " khaMDe patte taha dabbhacIvare taha ya hatyapihaNaM tu addhANavivittANaM AgADhaM sesaNAgADhaM " - bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2986.

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112 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha logoM ko yaha jAnane kA avasara nahIM denA cAhie ki yaha isa bhikSuNIsaMgha kI sadasyA hai| usake sAtha jo sahAnubhUtipUrvaka vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thA, usake mUla meM yaha sUkSma manovaijJAnikatA nihita thI ki bure vyakti bhI acche bana sakate haiM aura aisA koI kAraNa nahIM hai ki eka bAra satpatha se vicalita huI bhikSuNI ko yadi samyak mArgadarzana mile to vaha sudhara nahIM sakatI hai| bRhatkalpabhASyakAra kA kathana hai ki kyA varSAkAla meM atyadhika jala ke kAraNa apane kinAroM ko tor3atI haI nadI bAda meM apane rAste para nahIM A jAtI hai aura kyA aMgAra kA Tukar3A bAda meM zAnta nahIM ho jAtA hai ?2 - hama dekhate haiM ki brahmacarya kI sAdhanA kitanI kaThina thii| isakI gurutA kA anumAna isI se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki pUrI sAvadhAnI ke bAvajUda jaina saMgha durAcaraNa sambandhI ghaTanAoM ko pUrI taraha roka noM skaa| brahmacarya-mArga meM Ane vAlI kaThinAI kA dhyAna prAcIna AcAya ko bhI thA / usake nivAraNa ke lie unhoMne prArambha se prayatna bhI kiyA thA / saMgha meM praveza ke samaya arthAt dIkSA-kAla meM hI isakI sUkSma chAnabIna kI jAtI thI / pravrajyA kA dvAra sabake lie khulA hone para bhI kucha anupayukta vyaktiyoM ko usameM praveza kI AjJA nahIM thii| RNI, cora, DAkU, jela se bhAge hue vyakti, napusaka evaM klIva ko dIkSA lene kI anumati nahIM thii| lekina jaise-jaise saMgha kA vistAra baDhatA gayA, ina niyamoM kI avahelanA hotI gayI aura tamAma satarkatAoM evaM gaharI chAnabIna ke uparAnta bhI ayogya vyakti (puruSa yA strI) saMgha meM praveza pA hI jAte the, jo bAda meM saMgha ke lie siradarda sAbita hote the| aise vyaktiyoM ko jina-zAsana kI garimA se kucha lenA-denA nahIM thaa| unheM apane kukRtyoM ke lie eka Azrayasthala ko apekSA hotI thI, jo unheM saMgha meM praveza pAkara sulabha ho jAtI thii| isakI Ar3a meM ve avasara pAte hI bare karmoM ko karane se bAja nahIM Ate the| 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga caturtha, 4129-46. 2. "ummagoNa vi gaMtuM, Na hoti kiM sotavAhiNI salilA kAleNa phuphugA vi ya, vilIyate hasahaseUNaM" -vahI, bhAga caturtha, 4147. 3. draSTavya-isI grantha kA prathama adhyAya.

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : 113 dUsare, saMgha meM yuvatI evaM sundara striyA~ bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke rUpa meM praveza letI thiiN| saMgha ke andara chipe hue duSTa vyakti evaM saMgha ke bAhara svacchanda ghUmate hue samAja ke manacale yuvaka unako parezAna karane kA koI bhI avasara nahIM cUkate the / aise vyaktiyoM kI niSThA sandehajanaka thii| ve ekAnta sthAna pAte hI taraha-taraha kI bAteM karane lagate the, jinakA saMyama evaM AcAra se dUra kA bhI koI ristA nahIM hotA thA / ' unakI bAtoM kA viSaya gRhastha jIvana se sambandhita hotA thA / kucha striyA~ apane pati ko dUsarI strI meM anurakta dekhakara, koI pati kA prema na pAne se, koI pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt saMgha meM dIkSA letI thIM, unakA vairAgya vivekajanya evaM Antarika nahIM hotA thA / ye kSINa manavAlI sAdhviyA~ ho saMgha ke pavitra mArga meM kaMTakavat thIM / tanika avasara pAte hI inakI kAma-vAsanA jAgRta ho jAtI thI / ataH jaina AcAryoM kA sabase pramukha kartavya yaha thA ki ve unheM puruSoM ke samparka meM Ane kA avasara hI na deM / isIlie saMgha meM napuMsakoM kI dIkSA kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA thA / napuMsakoM ke prakAra tathA saMgha meM unake dvArA kiye gaye kukRtyoM kA vistRta varNana bRhatkalpabhASya evaM nizItha cUrNi meM milatA hai / ina granthoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki jainAcArya napuMsakoM ke lakSaNoM kA pUrA jJAna rakhate the / AcArya saMgha- praveza ke samaya dIkSArthI se aneka prakAra ke prazna karate the, usakI kitanI sUkSma chAna-bIna kI jAtI thI. jise dekhakara Aja bhI Azcarya hotA hai / napuMsakoM se itanA Dara saMgha ko isalie thA ki ve aisI agni ke samAna mAne gaye the, jo prajvalita bhI jaldI hotI hai aura rahatI bhI dera taka hai / " (napuMsaka vedo mahAnagaradAhasamAnA) / unameM ubhaya-vAsanA kI pravRtti hotI hai / ve strI-puruSa donoM kI kAma-vAsanA kA Ananda lete haiM / isa kAraNa ve strI-puruSa donoM kI kAmavAsanAko pradIpta karane vAle hote haiM / inake kAraNa samalaiMgikatA ko bhI protsAhana milatA hai, jisase bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM kA cAritrika patana hotA hai | ataH yaha bharasaka prayatna kiyA gayA thA ki aise vyakti saMgha meM kisI prakAra praveza na pA skeN| yaha atyanta kaThina samasyA thI, jisakA nirA 1. nizItha vizeSa cUrNi, 1683 95; 1788-96. 2. bRhatkalpasUtra, 4/4. 3. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga paMcama, 5139-64. 4. nizItha vizeSa cUrNi, 3561-3624 5. bahatkalpabhASya, bhAga paMcama, 5148- TokA. 8

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114 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha karaNa atyanta Avazyaka thaa| sUkSma manovaijJAnika chAna-bIna ke uparAnta bhI brahmacarya-skhalana kI ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI rahatI thiiN| yaha parikalpanA kI gayI ki yadi manuSya hamezA kAryoM meM lagA rahe, to bahata kucha aMzoM meM kAma para vijaya pAyI jA sakatI hai| jainAcArya kAma-vijaya kaThina avazya mAnate the, para asambhava nahIM / nizItha caNi' meM gA~va kI kAmAtura eka sundara yuvato kA dRSTAnta dekara upayukta mata ko samajhAne kI saphala ceSTA kI gayI hai / vaha sundara lar3akI, jo pahale apane rUpa-raMga evaM sAja-zRMgAra meM vyasta rahatI thI-kArya kI adhikatA ke kAraNa kAma-bhAvanA ko hI bhUla jAtI hai, kyoMki ghara ke sAmAna ke rakha-rakhAva kI sArI jimmedArI use sauMpa dI gayI thii| yaha kathA ise hI siddha karatI hai ki khAlI dimAga zaitAna kA ghara hotA hai aura kArya meM lage rahane para hama kAmarUpI zaitAna ko bahuta kucha aMzoM meM dUra kara sakate haiN| pratIkAtmaka kathA ke mAdhyama se saMgha ke sadasyoM ko yaha sujhAva diyA gayA thA ki ve hamezA dhyAna evaM adhyayana meM lIna raheM tathA mastiSka ko khAlI na rkheN| yahI nahIM, bhikSuNiyoM kI brahmacarya-rakSA kA uttaradAyitva bhikSu-saMgha para bhI thaa| unako zIla kI rakSA ke nimitta AcAra ke bAhya niyamoM kA kitanA bhI ullaMghana ho, saba ucita thA / saMgha kA yaha spaSTa Adeza thA ki zIla ko rakSA ke lie bhikSu hiMsA kA bhI sahArA le sakatA hai aura vAstava meM kaI bAra bhikSu ko bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-rakSArtha hiMsA kA Azraya lenA par3A thA / nizItha caNi ke anusAra yadi koI vyakti sAdhvI para balAtkAra karanA cAhatA ho athavA AcArya yA gaccha ke vadha ke lie AyA ho, to usakI hiMsA kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra kI hiMsA karate hue bhI vaha pApa kA bhAgI nahIM mAnA gayA thA, apitu vizuddha mAnA gayA thaa| ThIka isI prakAra ke apavAda hameM maMtroM evaM alaukika zaktiyoM ke prayoga ke sambandha meM bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| kAlakAcArya ne apanI bhikSuNI-bahana ko chur3Ane ke lie gardabhI vidyA evaM mantra kA prayoga kiyA thA evaM videzI zakoM kI sahAyatA lI thii| isI prakAra zazaka aura bhasaka nAmaka do jaina bhikSuoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo apanI rUpavatI bahana bhikSuNI sukumArikA kI hara prakAra se rakSA karate the| eka yadi bhikSA ko jAtA thA to dUsarA sukumArikA kI rakSA karatA thaa| 1. nizItha vizeSa cUNi, 574. 2. vahI, 289. 3. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga paMcama, 5254-59.

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : 115 isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki supratiSThita mahAvratoM evaM niyamoM ko bhaMga karake bhI jaina saMgha bhikSuNiyoM kI rakSA kA prayatna karatA thA / aisA karanA mUlabhUta niyamoM kA atikramaNa nahIM mAnA gayA thA isake mUla meM yaha bhAvanA nihita thI ki dharma athavA saMgha ke abhAva meM vaiyaktika sAdhanA kA kyA mahattva ho sakatA hai ? saMgha kA astitva sarvopari hai / ataH saMgha kI rakSA evaM usakI maryAdA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie mahAvratoM kI virAdhanA ko bhI kucha aMzoM taka ucita mAnA gayA / upayukta varNana se spaSTa hai ki jainadharma ke AcAryoM ne zIla-surakSA ke sambandha meM gambhIra cintana kiyA thA / yahI kAraNa thA ki sAdhviyoM ke zIla-surakSArtha unhoMne jina niyamoM kA sRjana kiyA thA, unameM unakI sUkSma manovaijJAnikatA ke darzana hote haiM / digambara bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama digambara sampradAya meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA ke sambandha meM atyanta satarkatA baratI gaI thI / bhikSuNiyoM ko kahIM bhI akele Ane-jAne kI anumati nahIM thI / unheM 3, 5 yA 7 kI saMkhyA meM hI eka sAtha jAne kA vidhAna thA / isake atirikta unakI surakSA ke lie sAtha meM eka sthavirA bhikSuNI bhI rahatI thI' / unheM upayukta upAzraya meM hI Thaharane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / saMdigdha caritra vAle svAmI ke upAzraya meM rahanA niSiddha thA / upAzraya meM bhI unheM 2, 3 yA isase adhika kI saMkhyA meM Thaharane kI salAha dI gaI thI / unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki upAzraya meM rahate huye ve paraspara apanI rakSA meM tallIna raheM / upayukta upAzraya na milane para unheM maryAdApUrvaka rahane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / * 1. mUlAcAra, 4 / 194. 2. "do tiNi va ajjAo bahugIo vA sahatyaMti", vahI, 4/191. 3. vahI, 4 / 188. 4. agRhastha mizra nilaye'sannipAte vizuddhasaMcAre dva e tisro vahnayo vAryA anyonyAnukUlAH parasparAbhirakSaNAbhiyuktA gataroSavairamAyAH salajjamaryAdakriyA adhyayanaparivartanazravaNakathanatapovinayasaMyameSu anuprekSAsu ca tathAsthitA upayogayogayuktAzcAvikAravastraveSA jallamalaviliptAstyaktadehA dharmakulakIrtidIkSA pratirUpa vizuddhacaryAH santyastiSThantIti samudAyArthaH / - vahI, 4/191--TIkA.

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116 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha naitika niyamoM kA pAlana kaThoratA se kiyA jAtA thA / unheM sAMsArika vastuoM ke moha se sarvathA virata rahane kI salAha dI gaI thI / svayaM snAna karanA tathA gRhastha ke baccoM ko nahalAnA tathA khilAnA pUrNata: varjita thA / unheM gIta Adi gAne tathA sAMsArika vastuoM ke prati duHkha prakaTa karane se niSedha kiyA gayA thA / isI prakAra sundara dIkhane ke lie apane zarIra ko sajAnA tathA suzobhita karanA bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke lie niSiddha thA / ' unheM pA~ca samitiyoM tathA tIna guptiyoM kA samyakrUpeNa pAlana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA tathA una sabhI paristhitiyoM se bacane ko kahA gayA thA jisase brahmacarya ke skhalita hone kA bhaya ho / 2 unheM kisI gRhastha ke yahA~ niSprayojana jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA / yadi gRhastha se koI kArya ho, to gaNinI se pUchakara anya bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha jAne kA vidhAna thA / bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM ke ati vikasita hone se unameM rAga Adi kI bhAvanA utpanna ho sakatI thI - ata: unake pArasparika sambandhoM ko yathAsambhava maryAdita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA / jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla-surakSArtha atyanta satarkatA baratI jAtI thI / isa sambandha meM paristhitiyoM kA vizleSaNa karate hu aneka niyamoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| donoM hI sampradAyoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ko akele rahane yA akele yAtrA karane kA niSedha thA / parantu unakI surakSA ke sambandha meM jitanI cintA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM dikhAI par3atI hai, utanI digambara sampradAya meM nahIM / udAharaNasvarUpazvetAmbara bhikSuNiyoM ke lie 11 vastroM kA vidhAna isI surakSA ke dRSTikoNa se kiyA gayA thA ki durjana vyakti eka bAra zIla-apaharaNa kA prayAsa karane para bhI saphala na ho sakeM, parantu digambara sampradAya meM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie kevala eka hI vastra kA vidhAna thA / bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama striyoM ke praveza se bauddha saMgha ke gaI thI / bauddhAcArya isa samasyA se unhoMne bhI aneka niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA thA / 1. mUlAcAra, 4 / 193. 2. vahI, 4177 - 194. 3. vahIM, 4 / 192... - samakSa eka kaThina samasyA khar3I ho suparicita the tathA isa sambandha meM

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : 117 119 bauddha saMgha meM bhikSu saMgha kI sthApanA ke kaI varSoM bAda bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA huI thI / isa derI meM bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla sambandhI cintA eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa thI / bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA ke samaya buddha kA yaha kathana - " jo saddharma 1000 varSa ThaharatA, ava 500 varSaM hI ThaharegA" - isa tathya kA pratIka thA ki unako striyoM ke praveza ke pazcAt bauddha saMgha ke chinna-bhinna hone kA bhaya thA / isake nirAkaraNa hetu hI buddha ne bhikSuNiyoM ke lie aSTagurudharmoM kI sthApanA kI thI / yaha yAvajjIvana pAlanIya dharma thA, jisakA pAlana usI prakAra karanA thA, jaise sAgara apane kinAroM kI maryAdA kA karatA hai / spaSTa hai, buddha bhikSuNiyoM ko eka maryAdA ke andara rakhanA cAhate the / aSTagurudharma sambandhI niyamoM kI sArthakatA ko buddha ne cAra laukika udAharaNa dekara siddha kiyA / unake kathana kA sAra yaha thA ki jisa prakAra dhAna ke kheta meM setaTTikA tathA Ikha ke kheta meM maMjiTTikA roga laga jAne se taiyAra phasala naSTa ho jAtI hai; usI prakAra nAriyoM ke praveza ke bAda bauddha saMgha naSTa ho jAyegA / yaha roga kAmasambandhI hI ho sakatA thA, kyoMki bhinna-liMgI bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyoM ke samparka se donoM ke saddharma se cyuta hone kA khatarA thA / ataH jisa prakAra pAnI ke pravAha ko rokane ke lie manuSya meMr3a banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAriyoM ke praveza ke bAda usase utpanna burAiyoM ko rokane ke lie buddha aSTagurudharmoM kA pratipAdana kiyA / ne kAma sambandhI aparAdha karane para bauddha bhikSuNI ke lie kaThoratama daNDa kI vyavasthA kI gayI thI / bauddha saMgha meM daNDa vyavasthA ke kaThoratama aparAdha pArAjika evaM saMghAdisesa the / pArAjika kI aparAdhinI bhikSuNI saMgha se sarvadA ke lie nikAla dI jAtI thI / vaha anya bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha rahane lAyaka nahIM rahatI thI ( pArAjikA hoti asaMvAsA) / saMghAdisesa kI aparAdhinI bhikSuNI ko 15 dina kA mAnatta karanA par3atA thA / mAnata dene kA artha thA- saMgha kA vizvAsa arjita karanA / 4 bhikSu ke cAra pArAjika niyama the, parantu bhikSuNI ke lie ATha pArAjika niyama the / bhikSu ke lie kAma sambandhI eka pArAjika aparAdha 1. cullavagga, pR0 376-77. 2. " velAmiva samudrena " -- bhikSuNI vinaya, $14. 3. cullavagga, pR0 377. 4. draSTavya -- isI grantha kA SaSTha adhyAya.

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118 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha thA - maithuna sevana karanA, parantu bhikSuNI ke lie kAma sambandhI tIna pArAjika aparAdha the' - maithuna sevana karanA (methunaM dhammaM paTiseveyya); kAmAsakta hokara (avassutassa) puruSa ke jA~gha ke UparI bhAga ( ubbhajAnumaNDala) ko sahalAnA aura kAmAsakta hokara puruSa kA hAtha pakar3anA, usake saMketa ke anusAra anugamana karanA / ina aparAdhoM ko karane vAlI bhikSuNI ko pArAjika daNDa diyA jAtA thA / 3 isI prakAra yadi bhikSuNI kAmAsakta hokara kAmuka puruSa ke (avassutassa purisapuggalassa) hAtha se khAdya-padArtha grahaNa karatI thI; yA dUsarI bhikSuNI ko aisA karane ke lie utsAhita karatI thI, to vaha saMghAdisesa kI prathama Apatti kI doSI mAnI jAtI thI / yadi bhikSuNI svachandavihArI hokara ( ussayavAdikA) kisI puruSa ke sAtha vicaraNa karatI thI; yA akele hI bhramaNa karato thI yA nadI pAra karatI thI yA akele hI rAta meM pravAsa karatI thI to vaha bhI saMghAdisesa kI prathama Apatti kI doSI mAnI jAtI thI / kAma sambandhI kucha pAcittiya niyama bhI the, jinakA atikramaNa karane para unheM prAyazcitta karane kA vidhAna thA / bhikSuNI yadi guptAMga (saMbAdhe) ke roma ko banAtI thI, talaghAtaka karatI thI (kAmAnanda ke lie yoni para thapakI denA), jatumaTuka (maithuna-sAdhana) prayoga yoni ko ucita nApa (do aMgula ke do pora - aMgula pabbaparamaM ) se adhika gaharAI taka jala se dhotI thI, to use pAcittiya daNDa kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA / bhikSuNI yadi akele puruSa ke sAtha a~dhere meM, sar3aka para, caurAhe para vArtAlApa karatI thI, to use pAcittiya kA daNDa diyA jAtA karatI thI, ' yA apanI 9 1. draSTavya- - isI grantha kA SaSTha adhyAya. 2. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI saMghAdisesa, 5. 6. 3. vahI, 4. vahI, 1. 5. vahI, 3. 6. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya 2. 7. " samphassaM sAdiyantI antamaso uppalapattena pi muttakaraNe pahAraM deti" vahI, 3; pAcittiya pAli, pR0 355. 8. pAcitiya pAli, pR0 356. 9. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 5. -

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zola sambandhI niyama : 119 thA / isI prakAra binA saMgha yA gaNa ke pUche yadi bhikSuNI apane guhyasthAna ke phor3e ko ciravAtI yA dhulavAtI thI, to use pAcittiya kA daNDa diyA jAtA thA / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki bauddha daNDa-vyavasthA meM kAma sambandhI hI aneka gurutara aparAdha mAne gaye the, jinake karane para bhikSuNI ke lie kaThora daNDa kI vyavasthA thI / hama dekhate haiM ki bhikSuNiyoM ke kAma sambandhI aparAdhoM ko pArAjika, saMghAdisesa tathA pAcittiya ina tIna pramukha vargoM meM rakhA gayA thA tathA aparAdha kI gurutA ke anusAra hI unheM daNDa pradAna kiyA jAtA thA / aise aparAdha, jinake karane se bhikSuNI saddharma se turanta cyuta ho sakatI thI yA usakA zIla bhaMga ho sakatA thA - pArAjika tathA saMghAdisesa kI koTi meM rakhe gaye the / aise aparAdha, jinake karane se kevala kAma- sukha prApta hotA thA, kAmottejanA utpanna hotI thI, parantu jinameM maithuna sevana nahIM thA, narama daNDa kI koTi meM rakhe gaye the / isa prakAra bauddhAcAryoM ne bhikSuNI ko kAma sambandhI aparAdhoM se virata rahane kI salAha dI thI tathA sAtha hI kaThora daNDa kA bhaya bhI dikhAyA thA / uparyukta pArAjika, saMghAdisesa tathA pAcittiya ke aparAdha pAtimokkha niyama ke antargat Ate the / ina pAtimokkha niyamoM kI uposathAgAra meM pratyeka pandrahaveM dina vAcanA hotI thI / vAcanA ke samaya hI bhikSuNI ko apane aparAdhoM ko batAnA par3atA thA tathA aparAdha siddha ho jAne para saMgha dvArA diye gaye daNDa ko svIkAra karanA par3atA thA / isake atirikta varSAvasAna ke pazcAt pratyeka bhikSuNI ko pravAraNA karanI par3atI thI, jisameM bhikSu tathA bhikSuNI donoM saMghoM ke samakSa use dRSTa, zruta tathA pa* zaMkita doSoM kI AlocanA karanI par3atI thI / 3 ina pAtimokkha niyamoM ke atirikta bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla-surakSArthaM aneka niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thA / bhikSuNI ko akele yAtrA karane kA niSedha thA hI, unheM araNyavAsa karane se bhI manA kiyA gayA thA, kyoMki ekAnta pAkara durAcArI puruSa una para balAtkAra kara sakate the 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 11-14. 2 . vahI, 60. 3. vahI, 57.

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120 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha (dhuttA dusenti)' / upayukta upAzraya (vihAra) na prApta hone para unheM kyA nirdeza diye gaye the. isakA bauddhasaMgha meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / sambhavataH aisI paristhiti meM unheM svayaM hI paraspara eka dUsare kI rakSA karane kI zikSA dI gaI hogI, isIlie unheM akele rahane athavA akele yAtrA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla-surakSArtha kabhI-kabhI vyavasthita niyamoM meM bhI parivartana karanA par3atA thaa| zikSamANA ko upasampadA prApta karane ke lie bhikSa tathA bhikSaNI donoM saMghoM ke samakSa svayaM upasthita hokara yAcanA karanI par3atI thii| parantu bhikSu-saMgha yadi dUra ho tathA upasampadA prApta karane ke lie zikSamANA ke svayaM vahA~ jAne para zIla-bhaMga kA bhaya ho to kisI yogya bhikSuNI ko dUtI banAkara bhI bhikSu-saMgha se usake lie yAcanA kI jA sakatI thii| kAzI kI gaNikA aDaDhakAzI ko bhikSuNI banane ke lie dUtI bhejakara hI upasampadA prApta karanI par3I thii| ___ yAtrA, bhikSA-gaveSaNA Adi ke samaya bhikSuNI ko apane vastroM para vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA par3atA thaa| binA kaMcuka (asaMkacchikA) gA~va meM praveza karane para unheM pAcittiya kA daNDa lagatA thaa| kyoMki binA kaMcuka ke bhikSuNI ke khule aMgoM ko dekhakara durAcArI janoM meM durbhAvanA utpanna ho sakatI thii| gRhastha upAsaka ke yahA~ jAte samaya unheM apane zarIra ko pUrI taraha DhaMkakara jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| sekhiya niyamoM meM unheM yaha zikSA dI gayI thI ki gRhasthoM ke yahA~ saMyamapUrvaka, tathA zarIra ke kisI aMga ko anAvazyaka rUpa se hilAte hue na jA~ya / 5 / / __ RtumatI bhikSuNiyoM (utuniyo bhikkhuniyo) ke lie kucha anya vastroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thA, kyoMki asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa bhI rajasvalA kAla meM yadi vastra para rakta ke dhabbe dikhAI par3a jAya, to badanAmI kA Dara thA / ataH rajasvalA kAla meM bhikSuNI ko AvasatthacIvara tathA aNicolaka nAmaka vastroM ko dhAraNa karane kA nidaza diyA gayA thaa| ye vastra 1. cullavagga, 10 399. 2. vahI, pR0 397-99. 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 96. 4. pAcittiya pAli, pR0 480. 5. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI sekhi ya, 1-26.

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : 121 DhIle hokara kahIM gira na par3eM, ataH inheM sUta se kasakara bA~dhane ko salAha dI gayI thii| bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kA paraspara aziSTa hAsa-parihAsa karanA sarvathA niSiddha thaa| kucha SaDvargIya bhikSuoM dvArA bhikSuNiyoM ke Upara kIcar3a kA pAnI (kaddamodaka) DAlane tathA unheM apane uru (jAMgha) tathA jananendriya (aGgajAta) dikhAne kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, kintu use nindita AcaraNa kahA gayA thA / bhikSuNiyoM ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve aise bhikSa kI vandanA na kreN| aisA bhikSa "avandiya" kahalAtA thaa| isI prakAra bhikSuNI yadi bhikSu ke Upara kIcar3a-pAnI DAlatI thI yA apane zarIra kA koI aMga dikhAtI thI to aisI bhikSaNI ko upadeza se vaMcita kara dene kA vidhAna thA / isa prakAra spaSTa hai, aziSTa AcaraNa kisI bhI dazA meM nindanIya thaa| bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM ke ati-vikasita hone para anetika AcaraNa sambhava the-ataH isake nirAkaraNa kA prayatna kiyA gayA thaa| aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai ki kucha bhikSuNiyA~ bhikSu moliyaphagguNa ko nindA sunakara kupita ho jAtI thIM tathA bhikSu moliya bhI bhikSuNiyoM kI nindA sunakara kupita ho jAte the| eka avasara para buddha ne bhikSu moliyaphagguNa ko phaTakArA tathA kahA ki isase rAga-dveSa kI vRddhi hotI hai| bhikSuNiyoM ke dvArA puruSa-liMga (purisavyaMjana) ko dekhanA niSiddha thaa| zrAvastI meM sar3aka para par3e hue eka nagna mRtaka ke puruSaliMga ko dekhane para buddha ne bhikSuNiyoM ko phaTakArA thA tathA aisA karanA niSiddha ThaharAyA thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ko sundara lagane ke lie mAlA dhAraNa karane tathA sugaMdhita ubaTana, tela Adi lagAne kI anumati nahIM thI / isI prakAra vaha gRhastha striyoM ke dvArA pahane jAne vAle AbhUSaNa ko bhI dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatI thii| sundaratA ke lie unhe lambA kamarabanda dhAraNa karanA athavA kamarabanda meM pUcha laTakAnA bhI niSiddha thaa|" isI prakAra raMga-viraMge vastra 1. cullavagga, pR0 390-91. 2. majjhima nikAya, 1121. 3. cullavagga, pR0 389. 4. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 86-87. 5. cullavagga, pR0 386.

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122 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha / dhAraNa karanA, kaTI kinArI vAle, phUladAra kinArI vAle, sarpa ke phana ke AkAra kI kinArI vAle vastra ko dhAraNa karanA bhikSuNI ke lie niSiddha thaa| ___ ina niyamoM kA nirmANa sambhavataH isalie kiyA gayA thA ki bhikSuNiyoM ke mana meM vastra ke prati anAvazyaka AkarSaNa na utpanna ho tathA sundaratA ke kAraNa durAcArI jana unakA zIla-bhaMga na kara skeN| prArambha se hI isa bAta kA prayatna kiyA jAtA thA ki koI ayogya strI yA puruSa saMgha meM praveza na kara ske| kAmAcAra se sambandhita sabase adhika bhaya napUsakoM se thA, ataH napaMsakoM kI dIkSA bauddha saMgha meM bhI sarvathA niSiddha thii| bauddha saMgha meM zikSamANA se upasampadA ke samaya praznoM ke pUchane kI paramparA thii| inameM adhikatara prazna usake zarIra sambandhI hote the, yathA-kyA vaha strI hai? vaha animittA (strI-cihna-rahita) tathA nimittamattA (strI-cihna nimittamAtra) to nahIM hai ? vaha itthi-paNDaka (strI-napuMsaka) athavA vepurasikA (puruSocita vyavahAra vAlI) to nahIM hai ? vaha ubhatovyaJjanA (strI-puruSa ke donoM lakSaNoM se yukta) to nahIM hai ? ityaadi| ina praznoM kI prakRti se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki zrAmaNerI tathA zikSamANA ke rUpa meM usake caritra tathA vyavahAra ko pUrI jA~ca kara lI jAtI thii| vyavahAra ThIka na hone para use nikAla dene kA vidhAna thaa| ina praznoM (antarAyika dharma) ko upasampadA ke samaya sambhavataH isalie pUchane kI paramparA banAyI gayI hogI tAki itanI parIkSA ke pazcAt bhI yadi koI ayogya strI zrAmaNerI bana cukI ho aura bhikSuNI banane kA prayatna kara rahI ho, to use usI samaya nikAla diyA jAya / bhikSuNiyoM kI bar3hatI huI saMkhyA tathA usase utpanna kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa pravrajyA tathA upasampadA meM bheda kiyA gayA, tAki koI ayogya nArI saMgha meM praveza na kara ske| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddhAcAryoM ne bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla-surakSArtha aneka niyama banAe the| unhoMne zIla-bhaMga sambandhI pratyeka paristhiti kI kalpanA kara usake nivAraNa ke lie niyama banAye / jo bhikSuNiyA~ kisI kAraNavaza garbhiNI ho jAtI thIM, unake sAtha sahAnubhUtipUrvaka vicAra kiyA 1. cullavagga, pR0 387-88. 2. draSTavya-isI grantha kA prathama adhyAya /

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : 123H jAtA thA / AsannagarbhA (sanni sinnaganbhA) bhikSuNiyoM ke lie eka sahAyaka bhikSuNI dene kI vyavasthA thI / vaha taba taka usa garbhiNI bhikSuNI kI sahAyatA karatI thI, jaba taka ki usakA baccA samajhadAra na ho jAya / ' bauddha granthoM meM kucha bhikSuNiyoM yathA-SaDvargIya bhikSuNiyA~ sundarI nandA, thullanandA, caNDakAlI, Adi kAmAcAra sambandhI niyamoM kA atikramaNa karatI haI dikhAyI gaI haiN| ye ghaTanAe~ kAlpanika jAna par3atI haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhikkhuno pAtimokkha ke niyamoM kI prakRti ko samajhAne ke lie pArAjika pAli, pAcittiya pAli adi granthoM meM inako pratIkAtmaka udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| saMgha meM praveza ke pazcAt bhikSuNiyA~ kAma-vAsanA ko jar3a se samApta karane kA hara sambhava prayatna karatI thiiN| therIgAthA meM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA mAra (kutsita bhAvanA) se jo vArtAlApa vaNita hai, usase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhikSuNiyA~ kAma-bhAvanA para vijaya kA prayatna karatI thIM tathA vAsanA kI jar3a kA mUlocchedana kara nirvANa arthAt parama zAnti kI anubhUti karatI thIM / sumedhA ke anusAra kAmAsakti bandhana ko paidA karatI hai tathA manuSya isase aneka duHkha bhogate haiN| zailA mAra se kahatI hai ki bhoga kA sukha bhAle ke prahAra ke samAna deha ko viddha karane vAlA hai; viSayoM kA sukha ghRNA kI vastu hai / vaha apane Apa ko kahatI hai ki usakI bhogAsakti saba jagahoM se damita ho gaI hai tathA ajJAnAndhakAra vidIrNa ho cukA hai| isI prakAra zrivastI kI utpalavarNA bhikSuNI mAra ko kar3e zabdoM meM phaTakArate hue kahato hai ki usake jaise hajAroM mAra bhI usakA (utpalavarNA kA) kucha nahIM bigAr3a skte| vaha kahatI hai ki usane apanI vAsanA kA saba jagaha se ucchedana kara ajJAnAndhakAra ko samApta. kara diyA hai| 1. cullavagga, pR0 399-400. 2. "kAmesu hi vadhabandho kAmakAmA dukkhAni anubhonti" -therI gAthA, gAthA, 506.. 3. vahI, 58. 4. "sataM sahassAnaM pi dhuttakAnaM samAgatA edisakA bhaveyyu / lokaM na ije na pi sampavedhe kiM me tuvaM mAra karissasa eko' -vahI, 231.. 5. "sabyastha vihatA nandi tamokkhandho padAlito" -vahI, 235.

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124 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bhikSuNiyA~ apanI indriyoM ko itanA vaza meM rakhatI thIM ki pralobhana dene para bhI unameM kAma-bhAvanA utpanna nahIM hotI thii| isa sambandha meM rAjagRha kI bhikSuNo zubhA kA udAharaNa draSTavya hai--kaluSita vicAroM ko mana meM lie huye eka kAmAsakta puruSa ko, jo usakI A~khoM ke prati AkarSita thA, zubhA ne apanI A~kheM nikAla kara de dI thiiN| zubhA atyanta dRr3ha vizvAsa ke sAtha kahatI hai ki koI bhI vastu usake andara rAga kA udreka nahIM kara sakatI / hAtha se pheMkI haI cingArI ke samAna tathA ur3ele hue viSa ke pyAle ke samAna usakA rAga-bhAva samApta ho gayA hai|' zizapacAlA apane ko sadAcAra-sampanna tathA saMyatendriya bhikSuNI kahatI hai| ___ kucha bhikSuNiyA~ vAsanA kI jar3a kA samUlocchedana kara nirvANa kI anubhUta arthAt parama zAnti kA varNana karato haiM (sabbattha vihatA nandi tamovakhandho pdaalitaa)| saMyutta nikAya meM ullekha hai ki nandA tathA azokA nAmaka bhikSuNiyoM ne nirvANa pada ko prApta kara liyA thaa| isI grantha meM bhikSaNiyA~ sthavira Ananda ko yaha batAtI haiM ki zrAvastI ke bhikSaNI-vihAra meM kucha bhikSaNiyA~ cAra smRti-prasthAnoM (kAyA, vedanA, citta, dharma) meM supratiSThita citta vAlI hokara adhika se adhika vizeSatA ko prApta ho rahI haiN| ___ isI prakAra ke anya udAharaNa saMyuttanikAya" tathA dIghanikAya meM prApta hote haiN| buddha ne mAra se kahA thA ki jaba taka bhikSu-bhikSuNiyA~ vinayavAn, vizArada, bahuzruta tathA dharmAnusAra AcaraNa varane vAle nahIM ho jAte, taba taka ve parinirvANa ko prApta nahIM hoNge| isake pratyuttara meM mAra 1. 'nasthihi loke sadevake rAgo yatthapi dAni me siyA / na pi meM jAnAmi kIriso atha maggena hato samalako // ___ iGgahAlakhuyA va ujjhito visaputtorivaaggato kato" / -therI gAthA, gAthA, 385-87. 2. "bhikkhuno sAlasampannA indriyesu susaMvutA" --vahI, 196. 3. saMyutta nikAya, 58/1/8; 58/1/9. 4. vaho, 45/1/10. 5. vahI, 49/1/10. 6. dIgha nikAya, 2/3.

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bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : 125 ne kahA thA ki buddha kI bhikSu-bhikSuNiyA~ unakI icchA ke anukUla vinIta evaM vizArada ho gaye haiM / majjhima nikAya' ke anusAra vatsagotra ne buddha se pUchA ki kitanI bhikSuNiyA~ haiM, jo AzravoM (cittamaloM) ke kSaya se Asravarahita citta-vimukti (mukti), prajJA-vimukti kI isI janma meM svayaM jAna kara, sAkSAtkAra kara viharatI haiM ? buddha ne uttara diyA ki aisI aneka bhikSaNiyA~ haiM, jo citta-vimukti, prajJA-vimukti ko isI janma meM svayaM jAnakara, sAkSAtkAra kara, prApta kara vicaratI haiN| mahAvaMsa meM therI saMghamitrA dvArA nirvANa-pada prApta karane kA ullekha hai| mahAvaMsa meM hI 18000 bhikSaoM tathA 14000 bhikSuNiyoM dvArA arhat-pada pAne kA ullekha hai| isI grantha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki azoka ke samaya sampanna huI tIsarI gaddha saMgIti meM upasthita huI bhikSuNiyoM meM se 1000 Asrava-mukta thiiN|4 phAhiyAna tathA hvenasAMga --donoM cInI yAtriyoM ne vaizAlI meM nirmita eka stUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai| usa para utkIrNa lekha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki buddha kI mauMsI mahAprajApati gautamI tathA anya bhikSuNiyoM ne nirvANa-pada ko prApta kiyA thaa| hama dekhate haiM ki adhikAMza bhikSuNiyA~ zIla-sampanna hoto thIM tathA dhyAna aura sAdhanA ke dvArA nirvANa-pada ko prApta karatI thiiN| kAma-rAga Adi doSoM ke Upara unhoMne vijaya prApta kara lI thI tathA sAMsArika AkarSaNa se ve mukta ho cukI thiiN| mAra dvArA bhaya upasthita kie jAne para bhI unameM bhaya kA saMcAra nahIM hotA, apitu ve svayaM mAra ko hI bhayabhIta kara detI haiN| tulanA-donoM saMghoM kI bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI vistRta niyamoM ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki donoM saMghoM ke AcArya bhikSaNiyoM kI zIla-rakSA ke prati adhika cintita the| unhoMne una pratyeka paristhitiyoM ke nivAraNa kA prayatna kiyA thA jinase kAma-bhAvanA uddIpta ho sakatI thii| kAma sambandhI aparAdhoM ke kAraNoM kI unhoMne sUkSma 1. majjhima nikAya, 2/73. 2. mahAvaMsa, 20/50. 3. vahI, 29/69. 4. vahI, 5/188. 5. Buddhist Records of the Western world, Vol. I. P. 32. 6. Ibid, Vol, III. P. 309.

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126 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha vivecanA kI tathA aiso pravRtti ko prArambha meM hI roka dene kA prayatna kiyA thA / udAharaNasvarUpa-donoM saMghoM meM napuMsakoM ko dIkSA denA niSiddha thaa| saMgha meM praveza lete samaya hI isakI kar3I parIkSA kara lI jAtI thii| yahA~ yaha avalokanIya hai ki bauddhAcAryoM kI apekSA jaina AcAryoM ne isa samasyA ko atyanta gambhIratApUrvaka liyA thaa| napusakoM ke bhedoM-upabhedoM tathA unake vyavahAra se sambandhita jitanI vistRta samIkSA jaina granthoM meM milatI hai, utanI bauddha granthoM meM aprApya hai| donoM saMghoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ko kahIM akele Ane-jAne kA niSedha thA / isI prakAra donoM saMghoM meM bhikSubhikSuNiyoM ke pArasparika vyavahAra ke aneka niyama the, jinakA atikramaNa karane para unheM daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thaa| bhikSu-bhikSuNI ke madhya gahare sambandha kA vikasita honA donoM saMghoM meM nindanIya mAnA jAtA thaa| isake sAtha hI donoM saMghoM meM aiso bhikSuNiyoM ke prati sahAnubhUtipUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAtA thA, jo paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa (jinameM unakA koI doSa na ho) dIkSA ke pazcAt garbhiNI ho jAtI thiiN| jaina saMgha ke niyamAnusAra aisI bhikSuNiyoM ko zraddhAlu zrAvaka ke yahA~ rakhane kA vidhAna thA tathA bauddha saMgha ke anusAra aiso bhikSuNiyoM ke lie eka sahAyaka bhikSuNI dene kI vyavasthA thI /

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SaSTha adhyAya saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa prakriyA jaina bhikSuNI saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA prAcIna Agama granthoM se jaina bhikSuNI saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA kA spaSTa rUpa parilakSita nahIM hotA hai / ina granthoM se yaha patA nahIM calatA ki bhikSuNiyoM ke lie kauna-kauna se pada nirdhArita the aura una padoM ke Avazyaka karttavya tathA adhikAra kyA the ? AcArAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA tathA upAsakadazAMga meM bhikkhuNI (bhakSuNI) tathA nigganthI ( nigranthI) zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai, parantu inase saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA kI koI sUcanA nahIM prApta hotI, kyoMki yaha eka sAmAnya zabda thA, jo pratyeka pravrajita nArI ke lie prayukta hotA thA / antakRtadazAMga meM sissiNI (zizinI) tathA ajjA (AryA) zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / sadyaH dIkSita nArI ko zizinI kahA gayA hai jo ziSyA kA sUcaka hai, parantu vaha zizinI ke rUpa meM kaba taka rahatI thI tathA kina niyamoM evaM vratoM kA pAlana karatI thI -- spaSTa nahIM hai / isI prakAra " ajjA" zabda kA prayoga sadyaH pravrajita nArI tathA pravrajyA pradAna karane vAlI bhikSuNI donoM ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hai / udAharaNasvarUpa- padmAvatI ko pravrajyA pradAna karane vAlI yakSiNI ko "ajjA" kahA gayA hai tathA padmAvatI ko bhI AryA banakara IryAsamiti kA pAlana karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai|' isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki "ajjA" zabda kA prayoga dIkSA ke pazcAt hI prayukta kiyA jAtA thA / parantu yaha bhI koI viziSTa zabda nahIM thA, jisake AdhAra para bhikSuNiyoM ke pada nirdhAraNa kA koI krama nizcita kiyA jA sake / sarvaprathama cheda sUtroM (mukhyataH bRhatkalpasUtra, vyavahAra sUtra ) se jaina bhikSuNI - saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA kI kucha sUcanA prApta hotI hai / ina granthoM meM bhikSuNI, nirgrantho, AryA ke atirikta pavattiNI ( pravartinI) tathA gaNAvaccheiNI ( gaNAvacchedinI) zabda kA prayoga huA hai / yadyapi "pavattiNI" zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga samavAyAMga prakIrNaka meM huA hai, 1. antakRta dazAMga, paMcama varga /

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128 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha parantu isase kucha sUcanA nahIM prApta hotI / pravattinI kI sthiti bAda ke bhASya Adi granthoM se spaSTa hotI hai, parantu pravattinI se bhinna gaNAvacchedinI kI kyA sthiti thI-cheda granthoM se yaha spaSTa nahIM hotaa| cheda granthoM meM sarvatra "pavattiNI vA gaNAvaccheiNI" kahA gayA hai| jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA kA vikasita rUpa bhASyoM, cUrNiyoM evaM TIkAoM se prApta hotA hai, jisakI sahAyatA se usakI eka kramabaddha rUpa-rekhA banAI jA sakatI hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhikSuNIsaMgha ke pA~ca padoM kA ullekha hai, jo isa prakAra hai-pravattinI, abhiSekA, bhikSuNI, sthavirA, kSullikA / ' khuDDi (kSullikA) .. yaha sadyaH pravajita nArI hotI thii| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ise "bAlA"2 kahA gayA hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki saMgha ke AcAra-niyamoM kI ise pUrI jAnakArI nahIM rahatI thii| dakSiNa bhArata ke abhilekhoM meM jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke samAdhimaraNa tathA dAna dene ke avasaroM para unake lie "guDDi" zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo prAyaH ziSyAoM ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| sambhavataH yaha prAkRta 'khuDDi" kA ho dakSiNa bhAratIya rUpAntara thaa| kSullikA ke rUpa meM vaha niyamoM ko kaba taka sIkhatI thIisakA koI ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / bhikkhuNI (bhikSuNI) niyamoM kI samyaka jAnakArI prApta karane ke pazcAt chedopasthApanIya cAritra ko prApta kSullikA bhikSuNI kahalAtI thii| jaina granthoM ke nigganthI (nimranthI) tathA sAdhvI zabda bhikSuNI ke artha meM hI prayukta hue haiN| uttara bhArata ke adhikAMza jaina abhilekhoM meM bhikSu kI ziSyA ke rUpa meM bhikSuNI ke lie "zizinI' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, parantu AzcaryajanakarUpa se mathurA se prApta eka abhilekha meM bhadanta jayasena kI ziSyA 1. "saMyatyaH kSullikA sthavirA bhikSuNI abhiSekA pravattinI ceti paJcavidhAH" -bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2407-TIkA. "nirgranthIvarge'pi paJcapadAni, tadyathA-pravattinI abhiSekA bhikSuNI sthavirA kSullikA ca" vahI, bhAga SaSTha, 6111-TokA. 2. vahI, bhAga caturtha, 4339-TIkA. 3. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 11.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 129 dharmaghoSA kA ullekha hai, jise "antevAsinI" kahA gayA hai, jabaki yaha vizeSaNa pramukhataH bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke lie prayukta hotA thaa| therI (sthavirA) sAmAnya rUpa se yaha zabda vRddhA evaM bahuta varSoM kI dIkSita bhikSuNI ke lie prayukta hotA thaa| saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA meM yaha bhikSaNI ke pahale AtI hai / yadyapi sadyaH dIkSita vRddha bhikSuNI kA sthAna pUrva dIkSita bhikSaNI ke bAda hI thA / ataH yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki dIkSA-sthavirA kA pada bhikSuNI se ucca se thA kintu sadyaH dIkSita mAtra vaya-sthavirA kA pada bhikSuNo se nimna thA / therI ke adhikAroM evaM kartavyoM ke bAre meM bhI hameM koI spaSTa sUcanA nahIM prApta hotI / abhiSekA isa pada ke sambandha meM bhI hameM pUrNa jAnakArI nahIM prApta hotii| pada-vibhAjana ke krama se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki isakI sthiti pravattinI se nimna thii| abhiSekA ko prattinI-pada ke yogya mAnA gayA hai, ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pravattinI kI mRtyu ke bAda abhiSekA ko usa pada para pratiSThita kiyA jAtA thaa| abhiSekA ko gaNinI ke samakakSa bhI mAnA gayA hai| yaha bhAvI gaNinI hotI thI tathA gaNinI kI vRddhAvasthA meM usake kAryoM ko dekhatI thii| pavattiNI (prattinI) bhikSuNI-saMgha meM yaha atyanta mahattva kA pada thaa| pravattino ko sAdhviyoM kI nAyikA kahA gayA hai| isa mahattvapUrNa pada para yogya sAdhvI hI adhiSThita kI jAtI thii| isa pada ke lie AcAra-prakalpa (daNDa 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga caturtha, 4339-TIkA. 2. vahI, bhAga tRtIya, 2407-TIkA. 3. "abhiSekaprAptA pravattinIpadayogyA''--vahI, bhAga caturtha, 4339-TIkA. 4. "gaNinI abhiSekA tasyAH sadazaH" --vahI, bhAga tRtIya, 2411-TIkA. 5. "pravattinI sakalasAdhvInAM nAyikA" --vahI, bhAga caturtha, 4339-TokA.

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130 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha Adi se sambandhita niyama) kI jAnakArI Avazyaka thii| AcAra-prakalpa ke niyamoM ko vismata kara dene para bhikSaNI isa pada ke lie ayogya ho jAtI thI, parantu ina niyamoM ko pUnaH yAda kara lene ke pazcAt vaha isa pada ko adhikAriNI mAna lI jAtI thii| isa pada kI niyakti meM aneka niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thA / yAtrA Adi ke samaya maraNAsanna prattinI dvArA prastAvita kisI bhikSuNI ko kucha samaya ke lie isa pada para baiThA diyA jAtA thA--aisA karanA isalie Avazyaka thA, kyoMki kisI bhI avasthA meM jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko prattinI ke binA rahane kI AjJA nahIM thii| para aisI padAsIna bhikSuNI sthAyI rUpa se isa pada kI adhikAriNI nahIM mAna lI jAtI thI / yadi vaha ayogya samajhI jAtI thI, to saMgha kI anya bhikSuNiyA~ milakara use pada se haTA detI thIM tathA yogya bhikSuNI ko isa pada para baiThAtI thIM / asthAyI rUpa se niyukta pravattino ko bhI saMgha kI bhikSuNiyoM dvArA yathocita sammAna dene kA vidhAna thaa| ... prattinI kA mukhya karttavya apane saMgha kI bhikSuNiyoM kI surakSA karanA thaa| hemanta tathA grISma Rtu meM yAtrA Adi ke samaya prattinI ko kama se kama do bhikSaNiyoM ke sAtha tathA varSA Rtu meM kama se kama tIna bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha rahane kA vidhAna thaa|' pratrattinI kA eka pramukha kArya saMgha meM utpanna hue kalaha ko zAnta karanA hotA thA vaha madhura vANI meM bhikSuNiyoM ke kalaha ko zAnta karane kA prayAsa karatI thii| yogya nAriyoM ko saMgha meM dIkSita karAne kA gurutara kArya bhI pravattinI ko hI karanA par3atA thaa| jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA meM uparyukta padoM ke atirikta gaNAvaccheiNo (gaNAvacchedinI), gaNinI tathA mayahariyA (mahattarikA) nAmaka kucha anya padoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| gaNAvaccheiNI (gaNAvacchedinI) sarvaprathama cheda granthoM meM gaNAvacchedinI kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isakA ullekha na to Agama granthoM meM hai aura na to paravartI kAla ke bhASya 1. vyavahAra sUtra, 5/16. 2. vahI, 5/ 2-14. 3. vahI, 5/1-4. 4. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2222.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa prakriyA : 131 tathA cUrNiyoM meM / ataH isakI vAstavika sthiti ke bAre meM kucha spaSTa jJAta nahIM ho pAtA / cheda granthoM meM sarvatra "pavattiNI vA gaNAvaccheiNI" kahA gayA hai - isase gaNAvacchedinI kI sthiti pravartinI ke samAna hI mahattvapUrNa pratIta hotI hai / pravattinI ke samAna isa pada ke lie bhI AcAra - prakalpa kI samyak jAnakArI Avazyaka thI, kyoMki gaNAvacchedinI pada ke lie bhI ThIka vahI yogyatAe~ nirdhArita thIM, jI pravartinI pada ke lie thIM / pravattanI ke samAna yogyatA rakhate hue bhI isakI sthiti pravattanI se kucha bhinna pratIta hotI hai / udAharaNasvarUpa pravartinI ko hemanta, grISma tathA varSARtu meM kramazaH 2, 3 bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha rahane kA vidhAna thA, vahIM gaNAvacchedinI inhIM RtuoM meM 3 tathA 4 kI saMkhyA se kama bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha yAtrA Adi nahIM kara sakatI thI / 2 gaNinI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA meM gaNinI kI kyA sthiti thI; yaha spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA / niyamoM kA atikramaNa karane para bhikSuNiyoM ke lie jo daNDa kI vyavasthA thI, usase pratIta hotA hai ki gaNinI kA pada abhiSekA ke samAna thA | jaina daNDa-vyavasthA meM aparAdha karane para pada kI sthiti ke anusAra prAyazcitta gurutara hotA jAtA thA / ucca padAdhikAriyoM ke lie kaThora daNDa tathA nimna padAdhikAriyoM ke lie narama daNDa kI vyavasthA thI / udAharaNasvarUpa bhikSuNI ko jala ke kinAre ThaharanA tathA vahA~ svAdhyAya Adi karanA niSiddha thA / isa niyama kA atikramaNa karane para gaNinI tathA abhiSekA ko cheda prAyazcitta tathA pravartinI ko mUla prAyazcitta dene kA vidhAna thA / ra abhiSekA kA pada pravartinI se nimna thA, ataH gaNinI kA pada bhI pravartinI se nimna pratIta hotA hai / parantu kabhI-kabhI gaNinI pravartinoM ke samakakSa mAnI gaI hai / ataH gaNinI ke viSaya meM yaha spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA ki yaha pada pravartito tathA abhiSekA se kina artho meM bhinna thaa| 1. vyavahAra sUtra, 5 /16. 2. vahI, 5 / 1-4, 5/5-8; 5/9-10. 3. "gaNino abhiSekA sA chede, pravartinI punarmUle tiSThatIti" - bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2410 - TIkA. 4. "gaNinI pravartinI sA bhikSusadRzI mantavyA " - vahI, bhAga SaSTha, 6111 - TIkA

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132 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ___ gaNinI pada ko dhAraNa karane vAlI bhikSuNI meM aneka guNoM tathA yogyatAoM kA honA Avazyaka thaa| vaha atyanta viduSI tathA prazAsanika kAryoM meM dakSa hotI thii| yadyapi vaha svAdhyAya tathA dhyAna meM sadA lIna rahatI thI tathApi jinazAsana kI rakSA kA prazna upasthita ho jAne para vaha ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara letI thii| zikSA pradAna karane meM vaha kisI prakAra kA pramAda yA Alasya nahIM karatI thii| gaNinI ko guNasampanna kahA gayA hai| vaha saMgha kI maryAdA kI rakSA meM sadA tatpara rahatI thI tathA sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kA satata prayatna karatI thii|' mathurA se prApta jaina abhilekhoM meM bhikSuoM ke lie "vAcaka" yA "gaNina vAcaka" vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vAcaka kA artha upadezaka se hai| ataH yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM gaNinI bhI bhikSuNiyoM ko dharmopadeza diyA karatI thii| isa prakAra zikSA ke mahattvapUrNa uttaradAyitva kA vaha nirvahana karatI thii| gaNinI kI niyukti kisa prakAra kI jAtI thI, isakI hameM koI sUcanA nahIM prApta hotii| mayahariyA (mahattarikA) yaha pada bhI bhikSaNI-saMgha kA eka mahattvapUrNa pada thaa| gacchAcAra se jJAta hotA hai ki bhikSuNiyoM ko apane aticAroM kI usake samakSa AlocanA karanI par3atI thii| mUlAcAra meM gaNinI ko hI mahattarikA kahA gayA hai|' sambhavataH vaha yogya vRddhA bhikSuNI ke samAna Adara kI pAtra rahI hogii| jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA meM bhikSuNiyA~ inhIM padoM para adhiSThita kI jAtI thiiN| isake atirikta saMgha meM AcArya evaM 1. "samA sIsapaDicchINaM, coaNAsu aNAlasA gaNiNI guNasaMpannA, pasatthapurisANugA saMviggA bhIyaparisA ya, uggadaMDA ya kAraNe sajjhAyajjhANajuttA ya, saMgahe a visAraA -gacchAcAra, 127-28. 2. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 52,53,56 etc. 3. gacchAcAra, 118. 4. "gaNinI mahattarikA" mUlAcAra, 4192-TIkA.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 133 upAdhyAya nAmaka do uccastha padAdhikArI hote the| parantu ina padoM para kevala bhikSu hI Asona ho sakatA thA, koI bhikSuNI nhiiN| bhikSuNI ko binA AcArya yA upAdhyAya ke rahanA niSiddha thaa| saMgha ke niyamoM ke anusAra 3 varSa kI dIkSA vAlA bhikSu 10 varSa kI dIkSA vAlI bhikSuNI kA upAdhyAya tathA 5 varSa kI dIkSA vAlA bhikSu 60 varSa kI dIkSA vAlI bhikSuNI kA AcArya bana sakatA thA / ' digambara jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA digambara jaina bhikSaNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA ke sambandha meM hameM atyanta alpa sUcanA prApta hotI hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke granthoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ke saMgha-praveza, unakI zArIrika yogyatAoM Adi ke sambandha meM jo niyama haiM, ve niyama yahA~ bhI lAgU hote rahe hoNge| bahuta sambhava hai ki ina niyamoM meM aura kaThoratA kA samAveza kiyA gayA ho / digambara bhikSa ko saMgha-praveza ke pUrva apane mAtA-pitA, strI, putra se pUchanA Avazyaka thA tathA usakI anumati milane para hI vaha AcArya ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA kI yAcanA kara sakatA thaa| usake lie bhI keza-luMcana Avazyaka thA-yaha anumAna karanA anucita nahIM ki ye sAre niyama striyoM ke sambandha meM lAgU hote rahe hoNge| saMgha-vyavasthA meM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie kauna-kauna se pada the, unakI Avazyaka yogyatA evaM karttavya kyA the-isakI bhI atyanta alpa sUcanA prApta hotI hai| mUlAcAra meM digambara bhikSuNiyoM ko "ajjA (AryA)" kahA gayA hai| inake lie "saMyatI'4 tathA "tapasvinI'5 zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai ! bhikSuNI banane ke pUrva use kina niyamoM evaM vratoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thA tathA vaha niyamoM ko kaba taka sIkhatI thI, isakA ullekha nahIM prApta hotaa| sambhavataH zvetAmbara sampradAya kI bhikSuNiyoM ke niyama ke samAna isake bhI niyama rahe hoMge / 1. vyavahAra sUtra, 7/19-20. 2. pravacanasAra, 3/2. 3. vahI, 3/3. 4. "AryANAM saMyatInAM"-mUlAcAra, 4/184-TIkA; 4/191-TIkA. 5. "AryANAM tapasvinInAM"-vahI, 4/185-TIkA.

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11 134 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha therI (sthavirA) __ vRddhA bhikSuNI ko hI therI kahA jAtA thaa|' bhikSA Adi kI gaveSaNA ke samaya bhikSuNiyoM ko therI ke sAtha hI jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / isake atirikta therI ke kyA karttavya evaM adhikAra the, koI sUcanA nahIM prApta hotii| gaNiNI (gaNinI) bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA kA yaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa pada thA / gaNinI apane bhikSuNiyoM ke naitika kartavyoM ke prati jAgarUka rahatI thI / yAtrA yA bhikSA ke lie bAhara jAte samaya gaNinI se anumati lenI anivArya thii| isI prakAra kisI bhikSu se prazna pUchane ke samaya bhikSuNI ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha gaNanI ko Age karake hI prazna Adi pUche / gaNinI apane gaNa kI pradhAna hotI thI / gaNinI ko hI mahattarikA kahA gayA hai| gaNinI pada para adhiSThita hone ke lie yogyatA kA kyA mApadaNDa thA, isakA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / digambara bhikSuNI-saMgha ko saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA meM therI tathA gaNinI -ye donoM pada atyanta uttaradAyitvapUrNa the| ve saMgha ke sabhI niyamoM kI jAnakAra evaM prazAsanika yogyatA meM atyanta nipuNa rahatI rahIM hoNgii| sambhavataH zvetAmbara bhikSuNI-saMgha ke pratinI, gaNinI Adi pada kI taraha inake bhI usI prakAra adhikAra evaM kartavya rahe hoNge| mUlAcAra AryikAoM (bhikSuNiyoM) ke lie eka gaNadhara kI vyavasthA karatA hai| gaNadhara ko maryAdopadezaka tathA pratikramaNAdi kAryoM ko sampanna karAne vAlA AcArya kahA gayA hai| yaha pada atyanta mahattvapUrNa thA tathA isa pada ke saMvAhaka meM kucha viziSTa guNoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA thaa| priyadharma (kSamA Adi guNoM se yukta), dRr3ha dharma (dharma meM sthira), saMvigna (dharmAdika kArya meM ruci rakhane vAlA), parizaddha (akhaNDita AcaraNa vAlA), saMgraha (dIkSA, zikSA, vyAkhyAna Adi meM pravINa), tathA 1. "sthavirAbhiH vRddhAbhiH"--mUlAcAra 4/194-TIkA. 2. vahI, 4/192. 3. vahI, 4 / 178. 4. "gaNinI tAsAM mahattarikA pradhAnAM"-vahI, 4/178-TIkA. "gaNinI mahattarikAM"-vahI, 4/192-TIkA.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 135 kuzala bhikSu hI gaNadhara bana sakatA thA / vaha gambhIra, durdharSa (sthira cittavAlA), mitavAdI, cirapravajita aura gRhItArtha (AcAra-prAyazcita Adi niyamoM kA jJAtA) hotA thaa|' upayukta guNoM se rahita bhikSu ke gaNadhara banane para gaNa kA vinAza mAnA gayA thaa| TIkAkAra ke anusAra aisA gaNadhara cheda, mUla, parihAra tathA pArAMjika prAyazcitta kA pAtra hotA hai / donoM sampradAyoM ke bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyasthA kA adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kA eka suvyavasthita saMgaThana thaa| unake vibhinna padoM ke lie Avazyaka kartavya tathA adhikAra nizcita kara diye gaye the| isake viparIta digambara sampradAya meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA kA avikasita rUpa hI parilakSita hotA hai| bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA ___ bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA sambandhI padoM ke nirmANa meM eka kramika vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai| bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA ke samaya aSTagurudharmoM ko svIkAra kara lene para nArI ko pravrajyA tathA upasampadA donoM prApta ho jAtI tho tathA vaha bhikSuNI kahalAne lagatI thii| mahAprajApati gautamI tathA usake sAtha kI striyoM ko isI prakAra pravrajyA tathA upasampadA prApta huI thii| parantu jaba bhikSuNI banane hetu striyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi hone lagI, taba pravrajyA tathA upasampadA meM bheda kara diyA gayA tathA sAmaNero (zrAmaNerI) tathA sikkhamAnA (zikSamANA) nAmaka naye padoM kA sRjana huaa| 1. "piyadhammo daDhadhammo saMviggo'vajjabhIru parisuddho saMgahaNuggahakusalo sadadaM sArakkhaNAjutto. gaMbhIro duriso midavAdI appakoduhallo ya cirapabvaido gihidatyo ajjANaM gaNadharo hodi -mUlAcAra, 4/183-84. 2. "pUrvoktaguNavyatirikto yadyAryANAM gaNadharatvaM karoti tadAnIM tasya catvAraH kAlAvinAzamupayAnti, athavA catvAri prAyazcittAni labhate gacchAdevirAdhanA ca bhavediti, -vahI, 4/185-TIkA / 3. cullavagga, pR0 378.

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136 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha sAmaNerI (zrAmaNerI) yaha bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sadyaH pravajita nArI hotI thii| bhikSuNIpada prApta karane ke pahale nArI ko zrAmaNerI tathA zikSamANA ke rUpa meM niyamoM ko sIkhanA par3atA thA / zramaNerI ke lie alaga se niyamoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| ataH yaha anumAna karanA anucita nahIM hai ki bhikSusaMgha ke zrAmaNera ke lie jo niyama the, ve hI niyama zrAmaNerI ke lie bhI rahe hoNge| sAmaNera (zrAmaNera) bauddha saMgha meM praveza ke icchuka vyakti ko sarvaprathama pravrajyA grahaNa karAI jAtI thii| pravezArthI ko zira ke bAla kaTavAnA tathA kaSAya vastra dhAraNa karanA par3atA thaa| vaha buddha, dharma tathA saMgha meM zaraNa grahaNa karatA thaa| zrAmaNera ko dasa zikSApada niyamoM (dasasikkhApada) ke pAlana kA vrata lenA par3atA thaa| ye dasa bAteM nimna thiiN| (1) prANa-hiMsA se virata rahanA, (2) corI karane se virata rahanA, (3) abrahmacarya se virata rahanA, (4) jhUTha bolane se virata rahanA, (5) surA evaM madya ke sevana se virata rahanA, (6) vikAla (madhyAhna-bAda) bhojana karane se virata rahanA, (7) nRtya, gIta, vAdya Adi se virata rahanA, (8) mAlA tathA AbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa karane se virata rahanA, (9) U~cI zayyA ke prayoga se virata rahanA, (10) sonA, cA~dI Adi ke grahaNa karane se virata rhnaa| ise "dazazIlam" bhI kahA jAtA thaa| mahavaMsa meM rAnI anulA dvArA ina dazazIloM ko svIkAra karane kA ullekha hai| pravrajyA prApta karane ke pazcAt zrAmaNera ko kisI yogya bhikSu ke nizraya meM taba taka rahane kA vidhAna thA jaba taka ki usako upasampadA prApta nahIM ho jAtI / zrAmaNera ko pAtimokkha kI vAcanA vAle uposatha meM tathA anya saMgha-karmoM meM upasthita hone kA niSedha thA / 1. mahAvagga, pR0 87. 2. mahAvaMsa, 18/10. 3. mahAvagga, pR0 181.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 137 sikkhamAnA (zikSamANA) zrAmaNerI ke rUpa meM sikkhApadoM kA samyakapeNa pAlana karane ke pazcAt vaha zikSamANA kahalAtI thii| zikSamANA ko kama se kama do varSa taka SaD niyamoM kA pAlana karanA anivArya thaa| ye chaH zikSAprada bAteM nimna thIM: (1) prANa-hiMsA se virata rahanA, (2) corI karane se virata rahanA, (3) abrahmacarya se virata rahanA, (4) mRSAvAda se virata rahanA, (5) surA-madya ke sevana se virata rahanA, (6) vikAla bhojana karane se virata rahanA, ina chaH sikkhApadoM ko sIkhane ke lie zrAmaNerI atidutiyakamma ke mAdhyama se bhikSuNI-saMgha ke samakSa nivedana karatI thI tathA ina niyamoM ke pAlana karane kI pratijJA karatI thii| avivAhita zrAmaNerI jo zikSamANA ke rUpa meM do varSa vyatIta karatI thI, kumArIbhUtA zikSamANA kahalAtI thii| kumArIbhUtA zikSamANA kI Ayu upasampadA ke samaya 20 varSa se kama nahIM rahanI cAhie / vivAhita zrAmaNerI, jo zikSamANA ke rUpa meM do varSa vyatIta karatI thI, gihIgatA zikSamANA kahalAtI thI tathA isakI Ayu upasampadA ke samaya 12 varSa se kama nahIM rahanI caahie| do varSa taka ina sikkhApadoM (vratoM) kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt hI zikSamANA ko upasampadA prApta karAyI jAtI thii| aisI zrAmaNerI ko upasampadA pradAna karane para pAcittiya kA daNDa lagatA thA jisane zikSamANA ke rUpa meM do varSa vyatIta na kiyA ho|5 zikSamANA ko apanI pravattinI ke sAtha 6 yA 7 yojana taka bhramaNa karane kA vidhAna thA / 1. pAcittiya pAli, pR0 435-37. 2. vahI, pR0 436 / 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 71. 4. vahI, 65. 5. vahI, 63, 72. 6. vahI, 70.

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138 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNau-saMgha zrAmaNerI ke samAna zikSamANA ko bhI pAtimokkha kI vAcanA vAle uposatha meM upasthita hone kA niSedha thaa|' bhikkhunI (bhikSuNI) do varSa taka SaD sikkhApadoM kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt jaba gihIgatA zikSamANA kama se kama 12 varSa kI tathA kumArIbhUtA zikSamANA kama se kama 20 varSa kI ho jAtI thI, taba use bhikSuNI-saMgha tathA bhikSu-saMgha meM "aticatutthakamma" ke mAdhyama se upasampadA pradAna kI jAtI thI / aba vaha bhikSuNI kahalAtI thii| upasampadA pradAna karane ke pUrva zikSamANA se antarAyika prazna pUche jAte the, tAki zArIrika tathA mAnasika rUpa se koI ayogya nArI bhikSuNI na bana ske| hameM granthoM evaM Abhilekhika sAkSyoM se bhikSuNI ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda prApta hote haiN| mahAsAMdhikoM ke bhikSuNI vinaya meM kAlI nAmaka bhikSuNI ko "zramaNikA" kahA gayA hai| amarAvatI se prApta bauddha abhilekhoM (Amaravati Buddhist Sculpture Inscriptions) meM bhI kucha bhikSuNiyoMko "zramaNikA" kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra kanherI (Kanheri Buddhist Cave Inscription) tathA kUdA (Kuda Buddhist Cave Inscription) se prApta bauddha abhilekhoM meM unheM pavatikA tathA nAsika bauddha guphA abhilekha (Nasik Buddhist cave Inscription) meM 'pavayitA" kahA gayA hai| amarAvatI se prApta anya abhilekhoM meM bhikSuNI ke lie "pavajitikA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai|' amarAvatI se hI prApta aneka bauddha abhilekhoM meM bhikSuNI ke lie "antevAsinI' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 1. mahAvagga, pR0 141. 2. draSTavya-isI grantha kA prathama adhyAya / 3. "kAlI nAma zramaNikA" -bhikSaNI vinaya 9158. 4. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1242, 1258. 5. Ibid, 1006, 1020. 6. Ibid, 1660. 7. Ibid, 1128. 8. Ibid, 1240, 1262. 9. Ibid, 1224, 1237, 1246, 1236, 1295 Adi /

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 139 zrAmaNerI, zikSamANA aura bhikSuNI kA pada-vibhAjana tathA jyeSThatA ke anusAra unake karttavya evaM adhikAra saMgha taka hI sImita the / saMgha ke bAhara arthAt zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke lie vaha sAmAnya rUpa se bhikSuNI ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI thii| yaha isalie bhI sambhava pratIta hotA hai ki vastra Adi ke dhAraNa karane ke sambandha meM ina tInoM padoM meM koI bheda nahIM thA jisase sAmAnya jana inameM antara sthApita kara skeN| saMgha meM pravajita sabhI striyA~ cAhe ve zrAmaNerI hoM, zikSamANA hoM yA bhikSuNI hoM, kASAya vastra hI dhAraNa karatI thiiN| therI bhikSuNI-saMgha kA yaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa pada thA / mahAvaMsa meM saMghamitrA ko 'therI' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isI pakAra kanherI bauddha gahA abhilekha (Kanheri Buddhist Cave Inscription) meM ghoSA kI antevAsinI pUrNakRSNA ko "therI' kahA gayA hai|' therI ke lie alaga se niyamoM kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / bhikSusaMgha ke "thera' ke niyamoM ke AdhAra para "therI" ke bhI kartavyoM, adhikAroM kI jAnakArI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| upasampadA ke 10 varSa pazcAt bhikSu "thera" kahalAne kA adhikArI hotA thA / 2 yogya tathA niyamoM kA jAnakAra thera hI upAdhyAya tathA AcArya banane kA adhikArI thaa| pavattinI (pravartinI, upAdhyAyinI yA upAdhyAyA) pravattinI ko hI upAdhyAyA kahate the| pratinI ke hI nizraya meM zrAmaNerI tathA zikSamANA niyamoM ko sIkhatI thiiN| 12 varSa kI upasampanna bhikSuNI hI pravattinI yA upAdhyAyA bana sakatI thI tathA vahI saMgha kI sammati se zikSamANA ko upasampadA pradAna kara sakatI thii| isa niyama kA ullaMghana karane para pAcittiya kA daNDa lagatA thA / upasampadA pradAna karane ke pazcAt pravartinI ko 5 yA 6 yojana taka usake sAtha 1. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1006. 2. "paripuNNadasavassatAya thero" --samantapAsAdikA, bhAga prathama, pR0 232. 3. "pavattinI nAma upajjhAyA vuccati' ---pAcittiya pAli, pR0 448. 4. pAtimokkha, bhikhunI pAcittiya, 74, 75.

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140 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha yAtrA karane kA vidhAna thA / anyathA usako pAcittiya kA daNDa lagatA thA / bauddha granthoM meM upAdhyAya tathA ziSya ke madhya madhura sambandhoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / upAdhyAya vaha hai, jo apane ziSya ke doSoM kA jJAtA ho tathA una doSoM kA damana karane meM samartha ho / ' upAdhyAya apane ziSya ke sAtha putravat vyavahAra karatA thA tathA ziSya bhI upAdhyAya ke sAtha pitAtulya vyavahAra karatA thA / upAdhyAya apane rogI ziSya kI hara prakAra se sevA karatA thA - yahA~ taka ki vaha ziSya ke zayana ke lie cAdara Adi bhI bichAtA thA / vaha apane ziSya ke pAtra evaM cIvaroM kA pUrA dhyAna rakhatA thA / ziSya ko daNDa prApta hone para upAdhyAya prAyazcitta ke samaya usakI sahAyatA karatA thA / isI prakAra kA putravat karttavya ziSya kA bhI thA / vaha apane upAdhyAya kI sevA meM sadaiva tatpara rahatA thA / 3 ziSya yadi upAdhyAya meM ruci nahIM rakhatA thA, usake prati zraddhA nahIM rakhatA thA tathA lajjAzIla nahIM hotA thA, to ziSya ko haTAne kA bhI vidhAna thA / parantu samyak AcaraNa karane vAle ziSya ko haTAnA ucita nahIM mAnA jAtA thA / isI prakAra ke madhura sambandha upAdhyAyA evaM zikSamANA ke madhya bhI rahe hoMge / amarAvatI se prApta eka bauddha abhilekha (Amaravati Buddhist Stone Inscription ) meM bhikSuNI samudrikA ko "upAdhyAyinI" kahA gayA hai / " isake atirikta anya kisI bhI abhilekha meM kisI bhikSuNI ke lie " upAdhyAyA" yA ' upAdhyAyinI' zabda kA prayoga nahIM milatA / 1. samantapAsAdikA, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1025. 2. " upajjhAyo saddhivihArikamhi puttacittaM upaTThapessati, saddhivihAriko upajjhAyamhi pitucittaM upaTTapessati" - mahAvagga, pR0 43. 3. vahI, pR0 48-51. 4. vahI, pR0 65 67. 5. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1286.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 141 tulanA jaina evaM bauddha donoM dharmoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSuNI-pada prApta karane ke pahale niyamoM kA samyakarUpeNa jJAna prApta karanA par3atA thaa| jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha meM kSullikA ke rUpa meM tathA bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM zrAmaNerI tathA zikSamANA ke rUpa meM ve niyamoM kA jJAna prApta karato thiiN| donoM saMghoM meM prattinI kA mukhya karttavya apanI ziSyAoM ko niyamoM kA jJAna prApta karAnA tathA unheM bhikSuNI-pada kI dIkSA pradAna karanA thaa| jaina saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA meM AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke padoM para kevala bhikSa hI adhiSThita ho sakatA thA--koI bhikSuNI nhiiN| jaina bhikSaNI-saMgha meM pravattinI tathA gaNinI kA pada sarvocca hotA thaa| bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA meM upAdhyAyA athavA pravattinI kA pada sarvocca thaa| pravattinI ko hI upAdhyAyA kahA gayA hai / jaina saMgha ka samAna bauddha saMgha meM bhI sarvocca pada bhikSuoM ke lie hI surakSita the| ___ donoM bhikSuNI-saMghoM ko saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA kA eka kramika vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai| prArambha meM saMgha meM dIkSita hone vAlo pratyeka nArI ko 'AryA' athavA "bhikSuNI" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| parantu saMgha meM nAriyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi hone ke kAraNa tathA prazAsanika vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha banAye rakhane ke lie donoM saMghoM meM kramazaH aneka padoM kA sRjana huaa| jaina saMgha meM daNDa-prakriyA ___ saMgha kI vyavasthA ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie tathA niyamoM ko dRr3hatA se sthApita karane ke lie daNDa kI vyavasthA kI gayI thI / daNDa ke bhaya se bhikSu tathA bhikSuNiyA~ niyamoM kA atikramaNa nahIM kareMge, yaha vizvAsa kiyA gayA thaa| aparAdha karane para usake nivAraNa ke lie prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna thaa| jaina dharma ke anusAra daNDa athavA prAyazcitta ke do pramukha bheda haiM: (1) udghAtika prAyazcitta (2) anuddhAtika prAyazcitta jo pratisevanA laghu prAyazcitta se saralatA se zuddha kI jA sake, use udghAtika prAyazcitta kahate haiM tathA jo pratisevanA guru prAyazcitta se kaThinatA se zuddha kI jA sake-use anuddhAtika prAyazcitta kahate haiN|

Page #161
-142 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha prAyazcitta ke mukhya 10 bheda haiM' (1) AlocanA - apane lie svIkRta vratoM kA yathAvidhi pAlana karate huye anajAna meM bhI hue doSoM ko guru ke samakSa nivedita karanA | (2) pratikramaNa - apane karttavya kA pAlana karate huye jo bhUleM hotI haiM unake lie "micchA meM dukkaDaM hojjA" arthAt mere duSkRta mithyA hoMyaha kahakara apane doSa se nivRtta honA / 2 ( 3 ) tadubhaya-doSoM ke nivAraNArtha AlocanA tathA pratikramaNa donoM karanA / (4) viveka - grahaNa kiye huye bhojana-pAna ko sadoSa jJAta hone para tyAga kara denA / (5) bhyutsarga- - gamanAgamana karate samaya, nidrAvasthA meM sAvadya svapna Ane para tathA nadI ko naukA Adi se pAra karane para kAyotsarga karanA arthAt khar3e hokara dhyAna karanA / (6) tapa- -pramAda ke kAraNa kiye gaye anAcAra ke sevana para guru dvArA diye gaye tapa prAyazcitta ko svIkAra karanA / isakA adhikatama samaya 6 mAsa kA hotA hai / (7) cheda-aneka vratoM kI virAdhanA karane vAle aura binA karaNa apavAda mArga kA sevana karane vAle bhikSu yA bhikSuNI kI dIkSAkAla kama karanA arthAt varoyatA kama karanA cheda prAyazcitta hai / (8) mUla - jAna bUjhakara kisI paMcendriya prANI kA ghAta karane para tathA mRSAvAda kA sevana karane para pUrva kI dIkSA kA samUla chedana karanA mUla prAyazcitta hai / aise bhikSu yA bhikSuNI ko punaH navIna dIkSA lenI par3atI hai / (9) anavasthApya - aise ghora pApa karane para jisakI zuddhi mUla prAyazcitta se bhI sambhava na ho, use gRhastha veza dhAraNa karAkara punaH navIna dIkSA denA anavasthApya prAyazcitta hai / 1. " taM dasavihamAloyaNa paDikamaNobhayavivegavosaggA tavachedamUlaaNavaTTyA ya pAraMciyaM ceva" bana 2. draSTavya - isI grantha kA caturtha adhyAya / - jItakalpasUtra, 4, bhASya 718-30.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 143 (10) parAjika-anavasthApya prAyazcitta se bhI jisakI zuddhi sambhava na ho aise ghoratama pApa karane vAle ko kama se kama eka varSa taka tathA adhika se adhika 12 varSa taka gRhastha veza dhAraNa karAkara zramaNa ke sabhI vratoM kA pAlana karAne ke pazcAt jo navIna dIkSA dI jAtI hai, use pArAMjika prAyazcitta kahate haiM / prAyazcitta ke sambandha meM yahA~ draSTavya hai ki bhikSuNiyoM ke lie parihAra tapa kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai / vyavahAra sUtra meM bhikSuNiyoM ke aparAdha karane para cheda yA parihAra kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai| isase vidita hotA hai ki prArambha meM bhikSuNiyoM ko parihAra kA daNDa bhI diyA jA sakatA thA / parihAra prAyazcitta ke lie aparAdhI ko gaccha se dUra rahanA par3atA thA / ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki brahmacarya kI surakSA kI dRSTi se bAda meM bhikSuNiyoM ko yaha daNDa denA niSiddha ho gyaa|' digambara bhikSuNiyoM kI daNDa-prakriyA ke sambandha meM alaga se ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| digambara bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke lie bhI zvetAmbara sampradAya ke samAna hI prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thaa| jaina daNDa-vyavasthA meM eka hI aparAdha karane para pada kI sthiti ke anusAra prAyazcitta kI gurutA kama-adhika kI jAtI thii| bhikSuNiyoM ko nadI-tAlAba Adi ke kinAre Thaharane tathA vahA~ svAdhyAya Adi karane kA niSedha thaa| isakA atikramaNa karane para sthavirA ko SaDlaghu, bhikSuNI ko SaDguru, gaNinI tathA abhiSekA ko cheda tathA pravartinI ko mUla prAyazcitta kA vidhAna thA / spaSTa hai, uccapada ke anusAra prAyazcitta bhI kaThora 1. "nirgranthInAM parihAra tapo na bhavati''--bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga SaSTha, 5919 -TIkA. 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 158-162. 3. asampAtime yathAlandamadRSTA kSa llikA tiSThati laghupaMcakam, dRSTA tiSThati gurupaMcakam, pauruSImadRSTA tiSThati gurupaMcakam, dRSTA tiSThati laghudazakam, adhika pauruSImadRSTA tiSThati laghudazakam, dRSTAyAM gurudazakam / sampAtime yathAlandamadRSTA tiSThati gurupaMcakam, dRSTA tiSThati laghudazakam, pauruSImadRSTA tiSThati laghudazakam, dRSTAyAM gurudazakam, samadhikAM pauruSImadRSTAyAM tiSThantyAM gurudazakam, dRSTAyAM laghupaMcadazakam / evamUrddhavasthAnamAzrityoktam / niSIdantyAstu gurupaMcarAtrindivebhyaH prArabdhaM gurupaMcadazarAtrindiveSu, tvagvartanaM kurvatyA laghudaza rAtrindivAdArabdhaM laghuviMzatirAtrindiveSu, evaM

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144 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha hotA jAtA thaa| aise niyamoM kA pratipAdana sambhavataH isalie kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai tAki uccapadastha bhikSuNiyA~ anya bhikSuNiyoM ke lie eka Adarza upasthita kreN| isI prakAra eka hI niyama kA atikramaNa bAra-bAra karane para prAyazcitta bhI kramazaH gurutara hotA jAtA thaa| udAharaNasvarUpa-jaina bhikSu yA bhikSuNI ko dina meM eka bAra bhikSA-gaveSaNA karane kA vidhAna thaa| yadi bhikSu yA bhikSuNI eka se adhika bAra bhikSA-gaveSaNA ke lie jAyeM to usake lie kramazaH gurutara daNDa kI vyavasthA thii|' dina meM do bAra jAne para --mAsalaghu dina meM tIna bAra jAne para -mAsaguru dina meM cAra bAra jAne para -caturlaghu dina meM pA~ca bAra jAne para -caturguru dina meM chaH bAra jAne para -SaDlaghu dina meM sAta bAra jAne para -SaDguru dina meM ATha lAra jAne para -cheda dina meM nau bAra jAne para -mUla dina meM dasa bAra jAne para -anavasthApya dina meM gyAraha bAra jAne para -pArAMjika bauddha saMgha meM daNDa-prakriyA bauddha saMgha ke niyamoM ke pAlana meM zithilatA yA avahelanA karane para bhikSu-bhikSuNiyA~ daNDa ke bhAgI hote the / yadyapi buddha ne Ananda se choTI nidrAyamANAyA guruviMzatirAtrindiveSu, pracalAyamAnAyA laghupaMcaviMzatirAtrindiveSu, azanAdyAhAramAharantyA gurupaMcaviMzatirAtrindiveSu, uccAraprazravaNe AcarantyA laghumAse, svAdhyAyaM vidadhAnAyA mAsaguruke, dharmajAgarikayA jAgratyAzcaturlaghuke, kAyotsarga kurvatyAzcaturguruke tiSThati / evaM kSa llikAyAH prAyazcittamuktam / zeSANAM tu sthavirAdInAmekaikaM sthAnamupari vaLate adhastAccaikaikaM sthAnaM hIyate / tadyathA-sthavirAyA gurupaMcakAdArabdhaM SaDlaghukaM yAvad, bhikSu NyA laghudazakAdArabdhaM SaDgurukAntam, abhiSekAyA gurudazakAdArabdhaM chedaparyantam, pravattinyA laghupaMcadazakAdArabdhaM mUlAntamavasAtavyam // -bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2409-ttokaa| 1. vahI, bhAga tRtIya, 1697-1700-TIkA /

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 145 choTI galatiyoM ko kSamA kara dene kI salAha dI thI, parantu durbhAgyavaza Ananda una galatiyoM ko pUchanA bhUla gye| ataH buddha kI mRtyu ke bAda prathama bauddha saMgIti meM isa janApavAda ke bhaya se ki loga yaha na kaha sakeM ki zAstA buddha ke marate hI saMgha vicchinna ho gayA; dharma evaM saMgha kI maryAdA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke lie saMgha-niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana karane kA vacana liyA gyaa|' daNDa ke bhaya se bhikSu-bhikSuNI bure karmoM ko karane se apane ko virata rakheMge---yahI bhAvanA isake mUla meM thii| daNDa ke prakAra : bauddha saMgha meM daNDa ke do prakAra the :-- (1) kaThora daNDa, (2) narama daNDa / (1) kaThora daNDa : isameM pArAjika evaM saMghAdisesa nAmaka daNDa Ate the| ise duThThalApatti, garukApatti', adesanAgAminI Apatti, thullavajjA Apatti, anavasesApatti" Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA thaa| (2) narama daNDa : isa vargIkaraNa meM prathama kI apekSA kucha narama daNDa kI vyavasthA thii| pArAjika evaM saMghAdisesa ko chor3akara sabhI daNDa isake antargat Ate the| ise aduThullApatti, lahukApatti, athullavajjA Apatti, sAvasesApatti, desanAgAmino Apatti Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA thaa| jina aparAdhoM (doSoM) ke kAraNa bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko daNDa diyA jAtA thA, unheM Apatti ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| zikSApadoM tathA vibhaMga ke niyamoM kI avahelanA yA unakA atikramaNa hI Apatti mAnI jAtI thii| 1. cullavagga, pR0 406. 2. vahI, pR0 170, 178, 186. 3. parivAra pAli, pR0 211. 4. "thullavajjA ti thUlladose paJattA garukApatti" -vahI, pR0, 212; samantapAsAdikA, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 2420. 5. "eko pArAjikApattikkhandho anavasesApatti nAma" -vahI, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1368. 6. "athullavajjA ti lahukApatti'-vahI, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1420. 7. "sikkhApade ca vibhaGga ca buttA Apatti jAnatabbA" -vahI, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1419.

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146 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha -- bhikkhunI pAtimokkha ke anusAra pA~ca prakAra kI ApattiyA~ (doSa) haiM : 1- pArAjika, 2-saMghAdisesa, 3- nissaggiya pAcittiya, 4- pAcittiya, 5- pATisanIya | para isake atirikta bhI tIna anya ApattiyoM kA varNana bauddha granthoM meM milatA hai : (1) thullaccaya, (2) dukkaTa, (3) dubbhAsita / pArAjika : yaha sabase kaThora aparAdha thA / pArAjika ke doSI ko saMgha se sarvadA ke lie nikAla diyA jAtA thA tathA punaH praveza nahIM diyA jAtA thA / saMkSepa meM, aise doSI bhikSu bhikSuNI saMnyAsa - jIvana ke ayogya mAne jAte the / aisA doSI satyapatha se parAjita vyakti samajhA jAtA thA / vaha apane saddharma ke mArga se cyuta ho jAtA thA / pArAjika aparAdhI kI tulanA aise vyakti se kI gayI hai jisakA sira kATa diyA gayA ho, aise murajhAye patte se kI gayI hai jo vRkSa se gira gayA ho, aise patthara se ko gayo hai jo do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gayA ho / mahAsAMghikoM ke vinaya meM bhI pArAjika kaThoratama aparAdha thA / pArAjika kA aparAdhI dharmajJAna se cyuta mAnA jAtA thA / 4 :--- bhikSuNiyoM ke lie nirdhArita ATha pArAjika nimna haiM bhikSuNI pArAjika viSaya jo bhikSuNI maithuna kare / jo bhikSuNI corI kare / jo bhikSuNI manuSya kI hatyA kare, zastra khoje tathA mRtyu kI prazaMsA kare / jo bhikSuNI divya zakti (uttarimanussa dhammaM ) na hone para bhI usakA dAvA kare / bhikkhunI pArAjika (theravAdI) (mahAsAMghika) 1 1 2 4 1. samantapAsAdikA, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1457. 2. " saddhammA cuto, paraddho bhaTTho niraGkato ca hoti". -vahI bhAga tRtIya, 1457. 1 3. pAcittiya pAli, pR0 287, 291. 4. " pArAjiketi pAraM nAmocyate dharmajJAnam / tatojInA ojInA saMjInA parihINA tenAha pArAjiketi". - bhikSuNI vinaya, 123.

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7 8 saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa prakriyA : 147 jo bhikSuNI kAmAsakta hokara (avassutA ) kAmuka puruSa ke jAnu bhAga ke Upara ke nicale bhAga (adhakakkhaM ubbhajAnumaNDalaM ) kA sparza kare, gharSaNa kare / uparyukta tAlikA se spaSTa hai ki pArAjika kA sabase prathama evaM gambhIratama aparAdha maithuna thA / maithuna cUMki binA rAga-bhAva ke nahIM ho sakatA thA, ataH yaha brahmacarya ke mArga meM sabase pramukha avarodha thA jisake nivAraNArtha saMgha atyanta satarka thA / corI, manuSya-hatyA, divyazakti kA dAvA, niSkAsita bhikSu kA anugamana karanA tathA pArAjika aparAdhinI bhikSuNI ko jAnate hue bhI sUcita na karanA - pArAjika ke anya aparAdha the / pArAjika doSa vAlI bhikSuNI ko jAnate hue bhI jo bhikSuNI na svayaM Toke aura na gaNa ko hI sUcita kare / jo bhikSuNI samagra saMgha dvArA nikAle gaye dharma, vinaya aura buddhopadeza meM zraddhArahita bhikSu kA anugamana kareM tathA bhikSuNiyoM ke dvArA tIna bAra manA karane para bhI na mAne / jo bhikSuNI Asakta hokara kAmuka puruSa kA hAtha pakar3e yA usake saMketa ke anusAra jAye / saMghAdisesa - yaha pArAjika ke bAda dUsarA sabase gambhIra aparAdha thA / prAyazcitta kI gurutA ke dRSTikoNa se yaha pArAjika kI hI zreNI meM AtA thA / bhikSuNiyoM ke lie nirdhArita saMghAdisesa nimna haiM bhikkhunI bhikSuNI *----- saMghAvisesa saMghAtizeSa (theravAdI) ( mahAsAMghika ) 1 4 7/8 viSaya jo bhikSuNI ghUmanta (ussayavAdikA) hokara gRhastha, gRhastha- putra athavA zramaNa-parivrAjakoM ke sAtha ghUme / jo bhikSuNI jAnabUjhakara corI karane vAlI ko, rAjA, saMgha, gaNa ko sUcita kiye binA tathA anya mata ke bhikSuNI pada ko chor3a kara AyI huI strI ko bhikSuNI banAye /

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148 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ___3 5+6+9 jo bhikSuNI akele grAmAntara ko jAye, akelI nadI pAra kare, akelI rAta meM pravAsa kre| jo bhikSuNI samagra saMgha dvArA dharma, vinaya aura buddhopadeza se alaga kI gayI bhikSuNI ko gaNa kI anumati ke binA apanI sahayoginI bnaave| jo bhikSuNI Asakta hokara kAmuka puruSa ke hAtha se khAdya-padArtha grahaNa kare / jo bhikSuNI anya bhikSuNI ko kAmuka puruSa ke hAtha se khAdya-padArtha grahaNa karane ke lie protsAhita kre| jo bhikSuNI kisI strI ke saMdeza ko puruSa se tathA puruSa ke saMdeza ko strI se kahe yathA-tuma jAra (upa-pati) bana jAo, patnI bana jAo, aadi| z2o bhikSuNI dUSita citta se dUsarI bhikSuNI para nimla pArAjika kA doSAropaNa kare, jisase vaha brahmacarya se cyuta mAnI jAye, parantu bAda meM vaha doSa nirAdhAra sAbita ho / jo bhikSuNI buddha, dharma tathA saMgha kA pratyAkhyAna kare tathA tIna bAra manA karane para bhI na maane| jo bhikSuNI kisI abhiyoga ke siddha ho jAne para bhikSuNiyoM tathA bhikSuNI-saMgha kI nindA kare tathA tIna bAra manA karane para bhI na maane| - 12 17 jo bhikSuNI pratikUla AcaraNa kare, bhikSuNIsaMgha kA upahAsa kare, eka dUsare ke aparAdhoM kA gopana kare tathA tIna bAra manA karane para bhI na mAne / 13 18 . jo bhikSuNI dUsarI bhikSuNiyoM ko pApAcAra ke lie protsAhita kre|

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___13 saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 149 jo bhikSuNI saMgha meM bheda DAlane kA prayatna kare tathA tIna bAra manA karane para bhI na maane| jo bhikSuNI saMgha-bhedaka bhikSuNI kA samarthana yA anumodana kare tathA tIna bAra manA karane para bho na mAne / 16 16 jo bhikSuNI durvacanabhASI (dubbacajAtikA) ho tathA kisI prakAra kI zikSAprada bAtoM ko na sune| 17 x jo bhikSuNo durAcArI hokara kuloM ko duSita kare aura anya bhikSaNiyoM dvArA vahA~ rahane ke lie niSedha kie jAne para bhI na maane| hama dekhate haiM ki theravAdI bhikSuNiyoM ke 17 saMghAdisesa tathA mahAsAMghika bhikSaNiyoM ke 19 saMghAtizeSa the| theravAdI nikAya kA 17vAM saMghAdisesa mahAsAMghika nikAya meM nahIM prApta hotA / theravAdI bhikkhunI saMghAdisesa kA dUsarA niyama kucha zabda parivartana ke sAtha mahAsAMghika ke 7veM tathA 8veM niyama meM prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra theravAdI saMghAdisesa kA tIsarA niyama mahAsAMghika ke 5veM, veM tathA 9veM saMghAtizeSa meM prApta hotA hai| theravAdI bhikSuNiyoM ke 17 saMghAdisesa meM 9 prathama Apatti (paThamApattika) tathA 8 yAvatatiyaM (tIna bAra vAcanA karane para prabhAvI) se prabhAvI hone vAle haiN| theravAdI saMghAdisesa kA chaThA saMghAdisesa prathama Apatti ke varga meM AtA hai, parantu yahI niyama mahAsAMghikoM ke "yAvatatRtIyaka' varga meM AtA hai| isake atirikta, donoM nikAyoM ke saMghAdisesa ( saMghAtizeSa ) ke sambandha meM eka anya antara draSTavya hai| theravAdI vinaya meM ise 'saMghAdisesa' kahA gayA hai| isa daNDa ko pUrA saMgha milakara hI de sakatA thA tathA vahI isakA nirAkaraNa bhI kara sakatA

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150 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha thA, isIlie ise 'saMghAdisesa' kahA jAtA thaa|' bahuta sI bhikSuNiyA~ yA eka bhikSuNI na to yaha daNDa de sakatI thI aura na isakA nirAkaraNa kara sakatI thii| ___ mahAsAMghikoM ke vinaya meM ise 'saMghAtizeSa' kahA gayA hai| ise 'upAdizeSa' bhI kahA jAtA thA, kyoMki isa nikAya meM yaha pArAjika ke zeSa ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA thaa| yahA~ 'saMgha' kA artha bhikSa athavA bhikSuNiyoM ke saMgha se nahIM hai, apitu niyamoM ke samUha' se hai|' mahAsAdhikoM kA 'saMghAtizeSa' theravAdiyoM ke 'saMghAdisesa' kA saMskRtIkaraNa pratIta hotA hai| saMghAdisesa kI aparAdhinI bhikSuNI ko mAnatta kA daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| mAnatta-bhikSuNI ke lie mAnatta nAmaka yaha daNDa 15 dina kA hotA thaa| mAnatta daNDa kA prAyazcitta kara rahI bhikSuNI kI sahAyatA ke lie eka anya bhikSuNI dene kA vidhAna thA, jisase vaha apanA mAnatta 1. 'Adimhi ceva sese ca icchitabbo assAti saMghAdiseso' -samantapAsAdikA, bhAga prathama, pR0 518; bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1458. 2. 'na sambahulA na ekA bhikkhunI na eka puggalo'-pAcittiya pAli, pR0 328. 3. 'saMghAtizeSoupAdizeSo'-bhikSuNI vinaya, $138. 'saMgho tA nAma uccanti aSTa pArAjikA dharmA'-vahI, 6140. 'Group of offences (Samgh) which is the supplement (Sosa) to the first group (upa + adi) the group of the Parajika offences, Samgh obviously does not mean herc the union or the order of Monkes and Nuns, but 'group of disciplinary offences'. -translated by Gustav Roth. Bhiksuni Vinay, p. 103. 5. 'saMghAdiseso ti saMdho vA tassA ApattiyA mAnattaM deti' -pAcittiya pAli, pR0 300, pR0 328.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 151 prAyazcitta samucita rUpa se kara sake / ' mAnatta ke lie bhikSuNI ko donoM saMghoM ke samakSa upasthita hone kA vidhAna thaa| mAnatta-prAyazcitta kara rahe bhikSu ke sandarbha meM vistRta niyamoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / saMghAdisesa aparAdha karane para bhikSu yadi saMgha ko turanta sUcita karatA thA to use 6 rAta kA mAnatta-daNDa diyA jAtA thA, parantu aparAdha chipAne para usake lie parivAsa ke daNDa kA vidhAna thaa| jitane dina taka vaha aparAdha ko chipAtA thA, utane dina taka use parivAsadaNDa dene kA vidhAna thaa| parivAsa ke pazcAt use punaH 6 rAta kA mAnattaprAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| aise aparAdhI bhikSu ko saMgha se bAhara rahane kA vidhAna thA tathA prAyazcitta kAla taka use anya adhikAroM se vaMcita kara diyA jAtA thaa| parivAsa-daNDa kA prAyazcitta kara rahe bhikSu (pArivAsika bhikSu) ko kucha niSedhoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thA--yathA vaha upasampadA tathA nizraya nahIM pradAna kara sakatA thA, bhikSuNiyoM ko upadeza nahIM de sakatA thA, saMgha ke anya bhikSuoM ke sAtha nahIM raha sakatA thA, uposatha tathA pravAraNA ko sthagita nahIM kara sakatA thA aura na to kisI ke Upara doSa lagA sakatA thA aura na kisI daNDa kA nirNaya kara sakatA thA--Adi / ' sambhavataH uparyukta niSedhoM kA pAlana mAnattacAriNI bhikSuNI bhI karatI rahI hogI / bhikSuNI ko parivAsa kA daNDa nahIM diyA jAtA thaa| use 15 dina kA mAnatta prAyazcitta hI karanA par3atA thaa| parantu tRtIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva ke azoka ke abhilekhoM meM saMgha-bheda karane para bhikSu-bhikSuNI donoM ko anAvAsa sthAna meM bheja dene kA ullekha hai| buddhaghoSa ke anusAra anAvAsa-sthAna nimna the-cetiyaghara (zmazAna-sthala), 1. cullavagga, pR0 400. 2. vahI, pR0 86.90. 3. vahI, pR0 67-81. 4. 'e cuM kho bhikhu vA bhikhuni vA saMgha bhAkhati se odAtAni dusAni saMnaMdhApathiyA anAvAsasi AvAsayiye' -Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. I. P. 161. 5. samantapAsAdikA, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1244.

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152 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ... bodhighara (bodhigRha), sammajjanI-aTTaka (snAna-gRha), dAru-aTTaka (lakar3I banAne kA sthAna), pAnIyamAla (chajjA), vacchakuTI (zaucAlaya) tathA dvArakoTTaka (dvaarkosstthk)| . isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArambha meM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie bhI parivAsa daNDa kA vidhAna rahA hogA jaisAki azoka ke abhilekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai| parantu kAlAntara meM bhikSuNiyoM ko zIla-sUrakSArtha saMgha se bAhara anAvAsasthAna meM bhejanA niSiddha ho gyaa| thullaccaya--yaha lahukApatti (laghu-Apatti) daNDoM meM sabase kaThora daNDa thA tathA aparAdha kI gustA ke dRSTikoNa se isakA krama pArAjika tathA saMghAdisesa ke bAda hI par3atA thaa| sthala (thulla) zabda kA artha hI gambhIra hotA hai| isa vargIkaraNa meM isake samAna anya koI gambhIra aparAdha nahIM thaa|' yadyapi bhikkhu tathA bhikkhunI pAtimokkha meM isa daNDa kA ullekha nahIM hai, parantu jo AtmahatyA kA prayatna karatA thA, saMgha kI zAnti evaM maryAdA ko bhaMga karane kI koziza karatA thA, koI aiso vastu curAtA thA jisakA mUlya eka mAsaka se jyAdA parantu 5 mAsaka se kama ho, to vaha thullaccaya kA aparAdhI mAnA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra bhikSaNI yadi aNicola (Rt sambandhI) nAmaka vastra ko isa prakAra bA~dhatI thI jisase unameM kAmAsakti kI bhAvanA utpanna ho, to unheM thullaccaya kA daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| yadyapi yaha eka gambhIra aparAdha thA, parantu kisI yogya bhikSu-bhikSuNI ke sammukha apane aparAdhoM kA prAyazcitta karane se isakA nirAkaraNa sambhava thaa| * pAcittiya--yaha saMskRta zabda prAyazcitta kA hI pAlI rUpAntaraNa hai / apane aparAdhoM ko saMgha yA puggala (vyakti) ke sammukha svIkAra karane para isakA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA thA tathApi aisA AcaraNa dharma se patita hone vAlA tayA AryamArga kA atikramaNa karane vAlA mAnA jAtA thaa| 1. 'ekassa mUle yo deseti, yo ca taM pATigaNhati accayotena samo natthi' -parivAra pAli, pR0 363. 2. pArAjika pAli, 10 66. 3. bhikSuNI vinaya, $268.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 153 bhikSuNiyoM ke pAcittiya aparAdha nimna haiMbhikkhunI bhikSuNI pAcittiya pAcattika (theravAdI) (mahAsAMghika) viSaya (1) (2) jo bhikSuNI lahasuna khAye / jo bhikSuNI guhya-sthAna (saMbAdhe) ke roma ko bnaaye| jo bhikSuNI talaghAtaka (yoni para thapaka de) kre| jo bhikSuNI jatumaTThaka (maithuna-sAdhana) kA prayoga kre| jo bhikSuNI jala se apanI yoni ko adhika gaharAI taka dhoye| bhojana karate samaya bhikSu kI jala yA paMkhe se sevA kre| 7 78 jo bhikSuNI kacce anAja (Amakadhana) ko khaaye| 138 . jo bhikSuNI pesAba yA pAkhAne ko dIvAra ke pIche pheNke| 9 139, 140 jo bhikSuNI pezAba yA pAkhAne ko hariyAlI para pheNke| 124 jo bhikSuNI nRtya dekhe evaM gIta yA vAdya sune / 123 jo bhikSuNI rAtri ke andhakAra meM puruSa se akele bAta kre| 12 121 jo bhikSuNI ekAnta meM puruSa se akele bAta kre| 13 120 jo bhikSuNI caur3e rAste (ajjhokAse) meM puruSa se akele bAta kare / jo bhikSaNI sar3aka (rathiyAya vA vyahe vA siMghATake vA) para puruSa se akele bAta kre| 122

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154 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 29 X X X 89 87 88 x 75 X X 71 X X 72 76 jo bhikSuNI bhojana kAla ke pUrva hI gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM baiThe / jo bhikSuNI bhojanakAla ke pazcAt gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM baiThe / jo bhikSuNI vikAla (madhyAhna ke bAda ) gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM baiThe / jo bhikSuNI anyathA grahaNakara ( duggahitena ), anyathA dhAraNa kara ( duppadhAritena ) dUsarI bhikSuNI kI ukasAve / jo bhikSuNI apane yA dUsare ko zApa de / jo bhikSuNI svayaM ko pITa-pITa kara roye / jo bhikSuNI nirvastra hokara snAna kare / jo bhikSuNI udakazATikA vastra ucita nApa kA na banavAye / jo bhikSuNI dUsarI bhikSuNI ke cIvara ko koI kArya na rahane para bhI na sile, na silavAye / jo bhikSuNI pA~cave dina avazya saMghATI dhAraNa karane ke niyama kA atikramaNa kare / jo bhikSuNI binA pUche dUsare ke cIvara ko dhAraNa kare / jo bhikSuNI gaNa kI cIvara prApti meM vighna DAle | jo bhikSuNI niyamAnusAra cIvara ba~TavAne meM bAdhA DAle / jo bhikSuNI cIvara ko parivrAjaka yA parivrAjikA ko de / jo bhikSuNI cIvara prApti kI AzA kama hone se ( dubbalacIvara paccAsAya) cIvara kAla kI avadhi (Azvina pUrNimA se kArtika pUrNimA taka) kA atikramaNa kare |

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X 114 137 86 118 saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 155 jo bhikSuNI kaThina yA covara ke bA~Tane meM bAdhA ddaale| yadi do bhikSuNiyA~ eka cArapAI para leTeM / yadi do bhikSuNiyA~ eka hI or3hane meM leTeM / jo bhikSuNI jAnabUjhakara dUsarI bhikSuNI ko taMga kre| jo bhikSuNI rogI ziSyA (sahajIvanI) kI sevA na kre| jo bhikSuNI kisI bhikSuNI ko upAzraya meM sthAna dekara bAda meM nikAla de| jo bhikSaNI gRhastha ke sAtha samparka rakhe / jo bhikSuNI azAntipUrNa svadeza meM akele vicaraNa kre| jo bhikSuNI azAntipUrNa bAhyadeza meM akele vicaraNa kre| jo bhikSuNI varSAkAla meM vicaraNa kare / jo bhikSaNI varSAvAsa ke pazcAt 5-6 yojana taka na bhramaNa kre| jo bhikSuNI rAja-prAsAda yA citrazAlA Adi dekhane jaaye| jo bhikSuNI palaMga (pallaMka) kA upayoga kre| jo bhikSuNI sUta kAte / jo bhikSuNI gRhaNiyoM ke jaisA kAma kre| jo bhikSuNI vivAda ko zAnta karAne kA AzvAsana dekara bAda meM zAnta na kraave| jo bhikSuNI gRhastha yA parivrAjaka ko apane hAtha se bhojana de| jo bhikSaNI AvasathacIvara ko na dhoye| jo bhikSuNI AvasathacIvara ko dhoye binA bhramaNa ke lie jaaye| jo bhikSuNI mithyA vidyA (tiracchAnavijjA) ko siikhe| 125 46 81, 42 48 115 49 x

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156 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha 50 x jo bhikSuNI mithyA vidyA (tiracchAna vijjA) ko pddh'aaye| 51 116 jo bhikSuNI binA anumati ke bhikSu ke ArAma meM praveza kre|| jo bhikSuNI bhikSu ko durvacana khe| . jo bhikSuNI kruddha ho gaNa kI nindA kare / jo bhikSuNI tRpta ho jAne para bhI bhojana grahaNa kre| jo bhikSuNI gRhastha-kula se IrSyA kare / jo bhikSuNI bhikSu-rahita sthAna meM varSAvAsa kare / jo bhikSuNI dono saMghoM ke samakSa pravAraNA na kre| jo bhikSuNI upadeza athavA uposatha ke lie na jaaye| jo bhikSuNI prati pandrahaveM dina bhikSu-saMgha ke pAsa uposatha pUchane tathA uvAda sunane na jaaye| jo bhikSuNI guhya-sthAna ke phor3e ko binA saMgha yA gaNa kI anumati ke akele SuruSa se akele dhulavAye yA lepa kraaye| jo bhikSaNI garbhiNI ko bhikSaNI bnaaye| 'jo bhikSaNI dudha pilAne vAlI mAtA ko bhikSuNI bnaaye| jo bhikSaNI SaDdharmoM kA do varSa taka pAlana kiye binA zikSamANA ko bhikSuNI banAye / jo bhikSuNI zikSamANA ko saMgha kI sammati ke binA bhikSuNI banAye / ___ 100 jo bhikSuNI 12 varSa se kama kI vivAhitA ko bhikSuNI bnaaye| jo bhikSuNI 12 varSa kI vivAhitA ko do varSa taka SaDadharmoM kI zikSA diye binA bhikSuNI bnaaye| 133 xx

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67 103 108 saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 157 jo bhikSuNI 12 varSa kI vivAhitA ko do varSa taka SaDdharmoM kI zikSA dekara saMgha kI sammati ke binA bhikSuNI banAye / jo bhikSuNI ziSyA ko upasampadA dekara do varSa taka sahAyatA na kre| jo bhikSuNI upasampadA prApta bhikSuNI ko do varSa taka sAtha na rakhe / jo bhikSuNo ziSyA ko bhikSuNI banAkara 5-6 yojana bhramaNa na karAye / jo bhikSuNI 20 varSa se kama kI kumArI ko bhikSuNI bnaaye| jo bhikSaNI 20 varSa kI kumArI ko do varSa taka SaDdharmoM kI zikSA diye binA bhikSuNI bnaaye| jo bhikSuNI 20 varSa kI kumArI ko do varSa taka SaDdharmoM kI zikSA dene ke pazcAt saMgha kI sammati ke binA bhikSuNI bnaaye| 12 varSa se kama upasampanna bhikSuNI yadi kisI ko bhikSuNI bnaaye| 12 varSa kI upasampanna bhikSaNI saMgha kI sammati ke binA kisI ko bhikSuNo bnaaye| jo bhikSaNI "Arye ! ise bhikSuNI mata banAo" kahe jAne para ise svIkAra kara pIche krodhita ho / jo bhikSuNI zikSamANA ko cIvara kI pratyAzA se bhikSuNI banAye / jo bhikSuNI zikSamANA ko upasampadA dene kA AzvAsana dekara phira upasampadA na de| jo bhikSuNI krodhI, duHkhadAyI zikSamANA ko bhikSuNI bnaaye| jo bhikSuNI saMrakSaka kI AjJA ke binA hI zikSamANA ko bhikSuNI banAye / 110

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158 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI - saMgha 81 107 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 94 95 93 97 98 99 100 101 * 91 se 93 128 se 130 102 103 106 X 112 111 X X X X 127 X X 74 1 MYw 32 x x jo bhikSuNI pArivAsika chandadAna se zikSamANA ko bhikSuNI banAye / jo bhikSuNI prativarSa bhikSuNI banAye / jo bhikSuNI varSa meM do bhikSuNI banAye / jo bhikSuNI niroga hote huye chAte ko dhAraNa kare | jo bhikSuNI niroga hote hue savArI se jAye / jo bhikSuNI saMghANI (mAlA) ko dhAraNa kare / jo bhikSuNI striyoM ke AbhUSaNa ko dhAraNa kare | jo bhikSuNI sugandhita cUrNa (gandhavaNNakena ) se nahAye / jo bhikSuNI tila kI khalI vAle jala meM ( vAsitakena piJJA kena) nahAye / jo bhikSuNI anya bhikSuNI se apane zarIra ko malavAye | jo bhikSuNI zikSamANA, zrAmaNerI athavA gRhiNI se zarIra malavAye / jo bhikSuNI bhikSu ke sAmane binA pUche Asana para baiThe / jo bhikSuNI avakAza mA~ge binA prazna pUche / jo bhikSuNI binA kaMcuka ke gA~va meM praveza kare | jo bhikSuNI jAnabUjhakara jhUTha bole / jo bhikSuNI vacana mAre ( omasavAda) / jo bhikSuNI cugalI (pesuJja) kare / jo bhikSuNI vyatikrama se dharma kA upadeza kare | jo bhikSuNI ana - upasampannA ke sAtha dotIna rAta se adhika eka sAtha soye / jo bhikSuNI puruSa ke sAtha soye / jo bhikSuNI (viduSI bhikSuNI ko chor3a kara ) pA~ca-chaH vacanoM se adhika dharma kA upadeza kare /

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 159 104 112 17 113 jo bhikSuNI ana-upasampannA ko divyazakti ke bAre meM khe| jo bhikSuNI duThulla (kaThora) aparAdha ko ana-upasampannA bhikSuNI se kahe / jo bhikSuNI jamIna khode / jo bhikSuNI tRNa-vRkSa (bhUtagAma) ko giraaye| jo bhikSuNI saMgha ke pUchane para parezAna kre| jo bhikSuNI nindA evaM badanAmI kre| jo bhikSuNI maMca, pITha, bistara Adi ko ucita sthAna para na rakhe / jo bhikSuNI Azrama meM bichaune Adi ko ucita sthAna para na rkhe| jo bhikSuNI dUsarI bhikSuNI kA khyAla kiye binA hI vihAra meM apanA Asana lgaaye| jo bhikSuNI krodhita ho dUsarI bhikSuNI ko vihAra se nikaale| jo bhikSuNI vihAra meM paira dhabadhabAte hue cArapAI para lette| jo bhikSaNI harI vanaspatiyoM Adi para vihAra bnvaaye| jo bhikSuNI prANI-yukta jala se paudhe yA miTTI ko sIMce / jo bhikSuNI stastha hote hue bhI eka sthAna para eka se adhika bAra bhojana kare / asvastha hone para, cIvara-dAna ke samaya aura yAtrA para jAne ke samaya gaNa ke sAtha bhojana karane kI anumati tho; jo bhikSuNI isakA atikramaNa kre| jo bhikSuNI AhAra ko bhikSA-pAtra kI mekhalA se adhika grahaNa kre| jo bhikSuNI vikAla meM bhojana kre| 114 115 117 118 28 120 29

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160 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha 121 27 jo bhikSuNI saMcita (saMnidhikAraka) bhojana kre| 122 25 jo bhikSuNI binA diyA huA AhAra grahaNa kre| jo bhikSaNI dUsarI bhikSaNI ko AzvAsana dekara bhI sAtha meM bhikSATana ke lie na le jaaye| jo bhikSuNI gRhastha ke bhojana-gRha meM jAkara 123 4 baitthe| 126 127 128 129 jo bhikSuNI puruSa ke sAtha ekAnta meM Asana para baitthe| jo bhikSuNI puruSa ke sAtha akele gupta rUpa se baitthe| jo bhikSuNI nimantrita hone para sAmane baiThI bhikSuNI ko sAtha meM na le jAye / svastha bhikSuNI ko punaH pravAraNA tathA nitya pravAraNA (rogI hone para pathyAdi kA dAna) ke atirikta cAturmAsa ke AhAra Adi dAna ko grahaNa karane kA vidhAna thA, jo bhikSuNI isakA atikramaNa kare / jo bhikSuNI binA kArya ke senA-pradarzana ko dekhe / jo bhikSuNI kArya hone para bhI senA meM dotIna rAta se adhika rhe| jo bhikSuNI vahA~ rahate hue bhI raNa-kSetra yA senA-vyUha dekhane jaaye| jo bhikSuNI madya-pAna kare / jo bhikSuNI u~galI se gudagudAye / jo bhikSuNI jala meM krIr3A kare / jo bhikSuNI kisI kA anAdara kare / jo bhikSuNI kisI bhikSuNI ko bhayabhIta kre| 130 131 132 llh llh 135 136

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137 31 138 139 140 141 142 143 saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 161 jo bhikSuNI svastha hote hue bhI Aga tApe / jo bhikSuNI AdhemAsa (orenaddhamAsaM) se pahale nhaaye| jo bhikSaNI nayA cIvara pAne para usako badaraMga (dubbaNNa) na kare / jo bhikSuNI dUsarI bhikSuNI, zikSamANA, zrAmaNera yA zrAmaNerI ko cIvara pradAna kara svayaM usakA prayoga kre| jo bhikSuNI dUsarI bhikSuNI ke pAtra, cIvara yA Asana ko anyatra rakha de| jo bhikSuNI jIva-hiMsA (pANaM jIvitA voropeyya) kre| jo bhikSuNI jIva-yukta jala ko piye / jo bhikSuNI dharmAnusAra nirNaya ho jAne para bhI samasyA ko punaH utthaaye| jo bhikSuNI jAnatI huI bhI coroM ke sAtha jaaye| jo bhikSuNI buddha ke upadezoM meM doSa btaaye| jo bhikSuNI mithyA dhAraNA vAlI bhikSuNI ke sAtha rahe yA usake sAtha bhojana kare / jo bhikSuNI mithyA dhAraNA vAlI zrAmaNerI ke sAtha rahe yA usake sAtha bhojana kre| jo bhikSuNI dhArmika bAta kahane para use asvIkAra kre| jo bhikSuNI pAtimokkha niyamoM ke viruddha kathana kre| jo bhikSuNI pAtimokkha niyamoM ko mana meM acchI taraha dhAraNa na kre| jo bhikSuNI asantuSTa ho dUsarI bhikSuNI ko piitte| jo bhikSuNI asantuSTa ho dUsarI bhikSuNI ko dhmkaaye| 145 147 148 151 152 153

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162 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha :- 154 69 . jo bhikSuNI dUsarI bhikSuNI para nirmUla saMghAdisesa kA Aropa lgaaye| 155 jo bhikSuNI dUsarI bhikSuNI ko dik (aphAsu) kre| 156 jo bhikSuNI kalahakArI bhikSuNI ke pAsa khar3I hokara usakI bAta sune / 157 jo bhikSuNI dhArmika kAryoM ke lie apanI sahamati dekara pIche haTa jAye / jo bhikSuNI saMgha ke nirNaya ke samaya apanI sahamati (chaMda) diye binA hI calI jAye / jo bhikSuNI saMgha dvArA cIvara pradAna karane ke samaya vighna ddaale| jo bhikSuNI saMgha ke lie prApta vastu ko apane upayoga meM lAye / jo bhikSuNI bahumUlya vastu (ratanaM vA ratanasammata vA) ko idhara se udhara haTAye / / jo bhikSuNI sUcIghara (sUI rakhane kI phoMpakI) ko todd'e| 163 64, 113 jo bhikSuNI cArapAI (maMca) yA takhta (pITha) ko nApa (nicale pAda ko chor3a buddha ke aMgula se ATha aMgula) se adhika kA banavAye / 164 jo bhikSuNI cArapAI yA takhta meM ruI (tUlonaddha) bharavAye / 165 jo bhikSuNI kaNDupaTicchAdana nAmaka vastra ko ucita nApa kA na banavAye / 166 jo bhikSuNI buddha ke cIvara ke barAbara yA usase bar3A cIvara banavAye / theravAdI nikAya meM bhikSuNiyoM ke 166 pAcittiya dharma (niyama) haiN| mahAsAMghika nikAya meM yaha saMkhyA 141 hai| yahA~ ise "zuddha pAcattika dharma'1 kahA gayA hai| adhikAMza pAcittiya niyama prAyaH donoM meM samAna haiN| bhikSuNI vinaya kA 22vA~ 24vA~, 62vA~ tathA 115vA~ pAcattika niyama 1. bhikSuNI vinaya, 6183.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 163 theravAdI bhikkhunI pAcittiya meM nahIM haiN| ye niyama theravAdI bhikkhu pAcittiya meM kramazaH 33veM,' 363,2 83veM, 3 89veM tathA 43veM niyama meM prApta hote haiN| bhikSuNI vinaya kA 73vA~, 77vA~, 82vA~', 83vA~', 85vA~'', 1. "paraMpara bhojane aatra samayA, pAcittiyaM // tatrAyaM samayogilAnasamayo, cIvaradAnasamayo, cIvarakArasamayo ayaM tattha samayo / / -pAtimokkha, bhikkhu pAcittiya, 33. 2. "yo na bhikkhu bhikkhuM bhuttAvi pavAritaM anatirittena khAdaniyena vA bhoja niyena vA abhihaTTe pavAreyya-handa bhikkhu khAda vA bhuJja vA "ti jAnaM AsAdanApekkho, bhuttasmi pAcittiyaM // " -vahI, 36. 3. "yo pana bhikkhu rao khattiyassa muddhAvasittassa anikkhantarAjake anigga__ taratanake pubbe appaTisaMviditA indakhIlaM atikkameyya, pAcittiyaM // " / -vahI, 83. 4. "nisIdanaM pana bhikkhunA kArayamAnena pamANakaM kAretabba, tatridaM pamANaM dIghaso dve vidatthiyo sugatavidatthiyA / tiriyaM diyaDDhe dasA vidatthi, taM atikkAmayato chedanakaM pAcittiyaM / / " -vahI, 89. 5. yo pana bhikkhu sabhojane kule anupakhajja nisajjaM kappeyya, pAcittiyaM / / -vahI, 43. 6. antaravAsaM bhikSuNIyo kArApayantIyA prAmANikaM kArApayitavyaM / tatredaM pramANaM dIrghaso catvArivitastiyo / sugatavitastinA / tiryaga dve tada uttara __ kArApeyacchedana pAcattika / / -bhikSuNI vinaya, $186. 7. yA puna bhikSuNI agilAnA parihArakaM cIvaraM na pariharati pAcattika / -vahI, 191. 8. yA puna bhikSuNI cikitsata vidya yA jIvikAM kalpayeta pAcattikaM / -vahI, 6196. 9. yA puna bhikSuNI AgArika vA parivAjika vA cikitsitavidyA vAcyeta, pAttika / -vahI, $197. 10. yA puna bhikSuNI jAnantI sambhojanIyaM kulaM divA pUrva apratisamviditA upasaMkrameya pAcattika / -vahI, $199. . vaha

Page #183
164 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha 91vA~', 102vA~, 126vA~ tathA 141vA~ pAcattika niyama theravAda nikAya ke na to bhikkhunI pAcittiya meM prApta hote haiM aura na hI bhikkhu pAcittiya meM / nissaggiya pAcittiya yaha daNDa mukhya rUpa se cIvara tathA pAtra ke sambandha meM diyA jAtA thA tathA isa prakAra ke aparAdha karane vAle vyakti ko apane vastroM tathA pAtroM ko kucha samaya ke lie tyAganA par3atA thA / saMgha, gaNa yA puggala (vyakti) ke samakSa apane doSoM ko svIkAra kara lene para isa doSa kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA thaa| __bhikSuNiyoM ke nissaggiya pAcittiya aparAdha nimna haiMbhi0 ni0 bhi0 ni0 pAci0 pAca0 (mahA(theravAdI) sAMghika) viSaya jo bhikSuNI adhika pAtroM kA saMcaya kare / jo bhikSuNI akAlacIvara ko kAlacIvara mAnakara grahaNa kre| jo bhikSuNI anya bhikSuNI se cIvara badale / 4 13 jo bhikSuNI eka vastu kahakara dUsarI vastu ma~gAye / (ajhaM vijJApetvA ajhaM vijJA peyya) 1. sA eSA bhikSuNI bhikSu sammukham Akrozati pAcattika / -bhikSuNI vinaya, $205. 2. dezita zikSA pi ca bhavati gRhicaritAnAm aparipUrizikSAm upasthApayeta pAcattika / --vahI, 6216. 3. yA puna bhikSuNI gRhINAnAm udvartana-parimardana snAna-sammatehi udvartApayeta parimardApayeta pAcattika / ---vahI, 6240. 4. yA puna bhikSaNI jAnantI gaNalAbhaM gaNasya pariNataM gaNasya pariNAmayeta pAcattikaM / --vahI, $259. 5. "nissajjitabbaM saMghassa vA gaNarasa vA puggalassa vA eka bhivakhuniyA vA" -pAcittiya pAli, pR0 331. "saMghamajhe gaNamajhe ekasseva ca ekato nissa jjitvAna deseti-tenetaM iti vuccati" -parivAra pAli, pR0 263.

Page #184
saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 165 jo bhikSuNI eka vastu kahakara dUsarI vastu ma~gAye / (ayaM cetApetvA anaM cetApeyya) jo bhikSuNI eka vastu kahakara dUsarI vastu ma~gAye / (ajhadatthikena parikkhArena aJjaddisikena saMcikena ajhaM cetApeyya) jo bhikSuNI yAcita vastu ke atirikta anya vastu mNgaaye| jo bhikSuNI anya nimitta vAle vastu ke atirikta anya vastu ma~gAye (aJcadatthikena parikvArena abruddosikena mahAjanikena ajhaM cetApethya) jo bhikSuNI anya nimitta vAle vastu ke atirikta anya vastu mNgaaye| (anjuddisi. kena parikkhArena aJjaddisikena mahAjanikena saMyAcitena anaM cetApeyya) jo bhikSuNI anya nimitta vAle vastu ke atirikta anya vastu ma~gAye / (anadatthikena parikkhArena ajhuddisikena puggalikena saMyAcikena anaM cetApeyya) jo bhikSuNI zItakAla ke lie mUlyavAna (cAra kaMsa se adhika mUlya kA) vastra ma~gAye / jo bhikSuNI grISmakAla ke lie DhAI kaMsa se adhika (aDDhateyyakaMsaparama) mUlya kA vastra mNgaaye| jo bhikSuNo dasa dina se adhika atireka cIvara dhAraNa kre| jo bhikSuNI bhikSuNiyoM kI sammati ke binA eka rAtri ke lie bhI pA~ca cIvaroM se rahita rhe| jo bhikSuNI akAlacIvara ko eka mAsa se adhika rkhe| 20

Page #185
166 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 7 8 10 25 22 23 24 26 27 28 jo bhikSuNI viziSTa paristhiti (cIvara phaTa jAne athavA naSTa ho jAne para) ke atirikta ajJAta gRhapati se cIvara mA~ge / yatheccha cIvara prApta hone para AvazyakatA se eka kama cIvara grahaNa karanA cAhie, jo bhikSuNI isa niyama kA atikramaNa kare / jo bhikSuNI uddezyapUrvaka uttama cIvara kI yAcanA kare / jo bhikSuNI prApta cIvara meM parivartana karAye / jo bhikSuNI cIvara mA~gane ke lie kisI ke pAsa do-tIna bAra se adhika jAye / jo bhikSuNI sonA, cA~dI ( jAtarUparajataM) ko grahaNa kare / bhikSuNI nAnA prakAra ke rUpayoM kA vyavahAra ( rUpiyasaMvohAra) kare / jo bhikSuNI nAnA prakAra ke cIvara, bhaiSajya Adi kA kraya-vikraya kare / bhikSuNI pA~ca se kama cheda vAle pAtra ko badala kara nayA pAtra le | jo bhikSuNI ghI, tela, madhu, makkhana, khAMDa ko eka saptAha se adhika rakhakara usako grahaNa kare / jo bhikSuNI svayaM kisI bhikSuNI ko cIvara dekara bAda meM kupita tathA asantuSTa ho / jo bhikSuNI sUta mA~gakara julAhe se cIvara bunavAye / jo bhikSuNI julAhe se kahakara cIvara meM parivartana karavAye / jo bhikSuNI atirikta cIvara ko cIvara - kAla se adhika samaya taka grahaNa kare /

Page #186
saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 167 30 30 jo bhikSuNI saMgha ke lie prApta vastu ko __ apane upayoga meM laaye| theravAdI tathA mahAsAMghika-donoM nikAyoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ke 30 nissaggiya pAcittiya dharma (niyama) haiN| bhikSaNI-vinaya meM ise "niHsargika pAcattika' kahA gayA hai| donoM ke viSaya prAyaH samAna haiM / mahAsAMghika bhikSuNI-vinaya kA 13 vA~ niyama kucha zAbdika parivartana ke sAtha theravAdI vinaya ke cothe,pA~caveM tathA chaThe niyama meM prApta hotA hai / isI prakAra mahAsAMghika nikAya kA 12 vA~ niyama kucha zAbdika parivartana ke sAtha theravAdI nikAya ke AThaveM, naveM tathA dasaveM niyama meM prApta hotA hai-yadyapi inake mUla artha eka haiN| mahAsAMghika bhikSuNI-vinaya kA 15 vA~ niyama theravAdI vinaya (niyama) meM nahIM prApta hotaa| isI prakAra 17 vA~, 18 vA~ tathA 21 vA~ niyama bhI theravAdI nissaggiya pAcittiya meM nahIM hai| yadyapi kucha zAbdika parivartana ke sAtha pAcittiya niyama meM prApta hotA hai| mahAsAMghika niHsargika pAcattika kA 17 vA~ tathA 18 vA~ niyama theravAdI bhikkhunI pAcittiya ke kramazaH 23 veM tathA 77 veM niyama ke samAna hai tathA 21 vA~ niyama theravAdI bhikkhu nissaggiya pAcittiya ke 21 veM niyama ke samAna hai| mahAsAMghika nikAya kA 23 vA~ niyama theravAdI vinaya meM nahIM prApta hotaa| pATidesanIya pATidesanIya (pratidezanA) aparAdha mukhya rUpa se bhojana se sambandhita thaa| yaha lahukApatti zreNI meM AtA thaa| isameM eka yogya bhikSuNI ke samakSa apane aparAdha ko svIkAra kara lene para isakA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA thaa| acche bhojana ke prati bhikSa-bhikSaNiyoM ke mana meM mamatva yA lAlaca kA bhAva nahIM AnA cAhie-isa daNDa kI yahI mukhya zikSA thii| svastha 1. "yA puna bhikSuNI cIvara-sannicayaM kuryAta nissargika-pAcatti kam' -bhikSuNI vinaya, 6176. 2. "dasAhaparamaM atirekapatto dhAretabbo, taM atikkAmayato nissa ggiyaM pAci ttiyaM"-pAtimokkha, bhikkhu nissaggiya pAcittiya, 21. 3. "yA puna bhikSuNI jAnantI paropagatam cetApayena nissargika pAcattika" -bhikSuNI vinaya, 6182.

Page #187
168 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bhikSuNI ko tela, ghI, madhu, machalI, mAMsa Adi lene se manA kiyA gayA thaa|' isa niyama kA atikramaNa karane para hI use pratidezanA karanI par3atI thii| bhikSuNiyoM ke pATidesanIya dharma nimna haiMbhi0 pATi. bhi0 prati (theravAdI) dezanika (mahAsAMghika) viSaya jo bhikSuNI svastha hote huye ghI (sappi) mA~ga kara khaaye| jo bhikSuNI svastha hote huye dadhi (dadhi) mA~ga kara khaaye| jo bhikSuNI svastha hote huye tela (tela) mA~ga kara khaaye| jo bhikSuNI svastha hote huye madhu (madhu) mA~ga kara khaaye| jo bhikSuNI svastha hote huye makkhana (navanItaM) mA~ga kara khaaye| jo bhikSuNI svastha hote huye matsya (macchaM) mA~ga kara khaaye| jo bhikSuNI svastha hote huye mAMsa (maMsaM) mA~ga kara khaaye| jo bhikSuNI svastha hote huye dUdha (khIraM) mA~ga kara khaaye| dukkaTa (duSkRtya) ___ mana meM barI bhAvanA lAne yA bare karmoM ko karane para yaha daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| choTe aparAdhoM para doSI vyakti ko isI kA daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| yadyapi isa daNDa ko bhikkhu athavA bhikkhunI pAtimokkha meM zAmila nahIM kiyA gayA hai tathApi sekhiya niyamoM kA ullaMghana karane para vyakti isa daNDa kA bhAgI banatA thA / 1. parivAra pAli, pR0 264. 2. "yaM hi duLukataM virUpaM vA kataM taM dukkaTam". -samantapAsAdikA, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1458. 3. pAcittiya pAli, pR0 245-280.

Page #188
saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 169 dubbhAsita buddha, dharma, saMgha yA kisI ke prati kaTu yA bure vacanoM kA prayoga karane para isa aparAdha kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thaa| isa daNDa ko mukhya zikSA yaha thI ki bhikSuNiyoM ko apanI vANI para saMyama rakhanA caahie| mahAsAMghikoM ke bhikSuNI-vinaya meM thullaccaya tathA dubbhAsita prAyazcitta kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotaa| uparyukta jina vibhinna daNDoM (prAyazcittoM) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, aparAdhI bhikSuNI ko usake aparAdha kI gambhIratA ke anusAra daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| donoM saMghoM meM eka hI aparAdha karane para usakI gambhIratA ke anusAra vibhinna prakAra ke daNDa ho sakate the| kucha mukhya aparAdhoM kA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai| maithuna sambandhI aparAdha jaina bhikSuNI-(ka) jo bhikSuNI apane guptendriya ko tela, ghRta yA makkhana se male, usake andara u~galI praveza kare, zItala yA acitta garma jala se dhove to use mAsika anuddhAtika prAyazcitta' / / (kha) hastakarma karane vAlI bhikSuNiyoM ko anuddhAtika prAyazcitta / (ga) mala-mUtra kA parityAga karate samaya yadi bhikSuNI ke aMgoM ko 'pazu-pakSI sparza kara le aura usa sparza se yadi vaha Anandita ho, to use anuddhAtika mAsika prAyazcitta / (gha) bImArI athavA durbalatA ke kAraNa kisI puruSa ke dvArA sahAyatA karane para yadi vaha puruSa-sparza pAkara Anandita ho, to use anuddhAtika cAturmAsika prAyazcitta / 1. 'dubbhAsitaM durAbhalu ti duLaM AbhaTTha bhAsitaM lapitaM ti durAbhaTTham / yaM durAbhaTTaM taM dubbhAsitam"-samantapAsAdikA, bhAga tRtIya, pR0 1459. 2. nizItha sUtra, 1/1-9. 3. bRhatkalpasUtra, 4/1. 4. vahI, 5/13-14. 5. vahI, 5/2,5/4.

Page #189
170 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNo-saMgha (Ga) paraspara maithuna sevI bhikSuNiyoM ko tathA kAmavaza kisI puruSa meM anurakta (duThe pAraMcie) bhikSuNI ko pArAMjika prAyazcitta' / bauddha bhikSuNI-(ka) kAmAsakta hokara jo bhikSuNI puruSa ke kamara ke nIce tathA ghuTane ke Upara ke hisse (ubbhajAnumaNDala) ko sparza kare, dabAye yA sahalAye, to pArAjika prAyazcitta / / (kha) jo bhikSuNI kAmAsakta hokara puruSa kA hAtha pakar3e, puruSa ke saMketa kI ora jAye, to pArAjika prAyazcitta / (ga) jo bhikSuNI kAmAsakta hokara maithuna-sevana kare, to pArAjika praayshcitt| (gha) pArAjika aparAdhI bhikSuNI ko jAnate hue bhI use na svayaM cetAvanI de aura na saMgha ko sUcita kare, to pArAjika prAyazcitta / (Ga) jo bhikSuNo kAmAsakta hokara kisI puruSa se khAdya-bhojana grahaNa kare, to mAnatta prAyazcitta / (ca) kisI anya bhikSuNI ko isa prakAra kA khAdya-padArtha lene ke lie. protsAhita karane para bhI mAnatta prAyazcitta / (cha) jo bhikSuNI kAma sambandhI kisI strI kI bAta ko puruSa se tathA puruSa kI bAta ko strI se kahe, to mAnatta prAyazcittI / (ja) jo bhikSuNI apane guptAMgoM ke roma ko banAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / 1. bRhatkalpasUtra, 4/2. 2. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pArAjika, 5. 3. vahI, 8. 4. vahI, 1. 5. vahI, 6. 6. vahI, bhikkhunI saMghAdisesa, 5. 7. vahI, 6. 8. vahI, 7. 9. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 2.

Page #190
saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa prakriyA : 171 (jha) jo bhikSuNI kRtrima maithuna kare athavA apane guptAMgoM ko thapa - thapAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta' / (ja) apane guptAMga meM u~galiyoM ko gahare taka le jAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcittara | (Ta) rAtri ke andhakAra meM akele puruSa se bAta karane para athavA ekAnta meM, khule meM, sar3aka para yA caurAste para akele puruSa se bAta karane para pAcittiya prAyazcitta 3 / hiMsA sambandhI aparAdha jaina bhikSuNI - (ka) apane hAtha se athavA kisI lakar3I kI sahAyatA se kisI kI hiMsA kare, to anavasthApya prAyazcitta / (kha) jo akAla mRtyu kI prazaMsA kareM, use cAturmAsika anuddhAtika prAyazcitta" / bauddha bhikSuNI - (ka) jo bhikSuNI AtmahatyA ke lie athavA kisI ke prANaghAta ke lie zastra Adi khoje tathA mRtyu kI prazaMsA kare, to pArAjiMka prAyazcitta / (kha) jo bhikSuNI jAnabUjhakara kisI jIva ko mAre yA jIva sahita jala piye, to pAvittiya prAyazcitta / corI sambandhI aparAdha jaina bhikSuNI - (ka) apane gaccha yA saMgha athavA dUsare dharmAvalambiyoM kI vastu curAne para anavasthApya prAyazcitta' / bauddha bhikSuNI - (ka) kisI vastu ko binA die hue grahaNa karane athavA use curAne para pArAjika prAyazcitta' / 3-4. 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 2 . vahI, 5. 3. vahI, 11-14. 4. bRhatkalpasUtra, 4 / 3. 5. nizIthasUtra, 11/197. 6. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pArAjika, 3. 7. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 142-43. 8. bRhatkalpasUtra, 4/3. 9. pAtimokkha bhikkhunI pArAjika, 2.

Page #191
172 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha niyama evaM saMgha sambandhI aparAdha jaina bhikSuNI-(ka) yAtrA Adi ke samaya pravattinI kI acAnaka mRtyu ho jAne para usake dvArA prastAvita kisI bhikSuNI ko pravattinI pada para baiThA diyA jAtA thA, parantu yadi vaha ayogya hotI thI to use haTA dene kA vidhAna thaa| aisI bhikSuNI saMgha ke kahane para yadi na haTe, to jitane dina vaha pada para rahe, utane dina kA cheda prAyazcitta' / (kha) yAtrA Adi ke samaya bhikSuNiyA~ yadi binA vattinI yA gaNAvacchedinI ke nizraya meM raheM, to cheda prAyazcitta / (ga) jo bhikSuNI udghAtika prAyazcitta ko anuddhAtika prAyazcitta tathA ana ddhAtika prAyazcitta ko udghAtika prAyazcitta kahe,to cAturmAsika anuddhAtika prAyazcitta / (gha) ayogya vyakti ko dIkSA de, to cAturmAsika anuddhAtika prAyazcittaM / ___ (Ga) kalaha karake saMgha se nikale sAdhu-sAdhvI ko AhAra-vastra, pAtra Adi dene para cAturmAsika anuddhAtika prAyazcitta / __(ca) jo bhikSuNI anya dharmAvalambiyoM se apane hAtha, pA~va, nAka, A~kha kI sevA karAye, to cAturmAsika udghAtika prAyazcitta / ___ bauddha bhikSuNI-(ka) saMgha se nikAle gaye bhikSu kA yadi koI bhikSuNI tIna bAra manA karane para bhI sAtha na chor3e, to pArAjika prAyazcitta / (kha) saMgha se nikAlI gayI bhikSuNI ko sAthI (sahajIvanI) banAne para mAnatta prAyazcitta / 1. vyavahAra sUtra, 5/12-14. 2. vahI, 5/11. 3. nizItha sUtra, 10/15-18. 4. vahI, 11/189. 5. vahI, 16/16-24. 6. vahI, 15/13-67. 7. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pArAjika, 6. .8 vahI, bhikkhunI saMghAdisesa, 4.

Page #192
saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 173 (ga) dveSavaza kisI dUsarI bhikSuNI ke Upara jhUThA pArAjika kA doSAropaNa kare, to mAnatta prAyazcitta / (gha) jo bhikSuNI tIna bAra manA karane para bhI buddha, dharma tathA saMgha kA pratyAkhyAna kare, to mAnatta prAyazcitta / (Ga) saMgha-bheda kA prayatna karane vAlo bhikSuNI ko tathA saMgha-bhedaka kA anusaraNa karane vAlI bhikSuNI ko mAnatta prAyazcitta / (ca) saMgha Adi ko sUcita kiye binA jo coranI yA vaMdhyA ko bhikSuNI banAye, to mAnatta prAyazcitta / __ (cha) gupta rUpa se bhikSuNI-saMgha ke prati dveSa rakhane vAlI, eka dUsare kI burAiyoM ko chipAne vAlI tathA isa kArya ko protsAhana dene vAlI . bhikSaNI ko mAnatta praayshcitt"| (ja) jo garbhiNI yA dUdha pIte bacce vAlI mA~ ko bhikSuNI banAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (jha) jo bhikSuNo SaDdharmoM kA samyak pAlana kiye binA zikSamANA ko bhikSuNI banAye yA sIkha lene para bhI saMgha kI anumati ke binA bhikSuNI banAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (ja) 12 varSa se kama Ayu kI vivAhita zikSamANA ko bhikSuNI banAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / / (Ta) 20 varSa se kama Ayu kI avivAhita zikSamANA ko bhikSuNI banAye, to pAcittiya praayshcitt| (Tha) jo saMrakSaka kI anumati ke binA zikSamANA ko bhikSuNI banAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcittI / 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunA saMghAdisesa 8, 9. 2. vahI, 10. 3. vahI, 14, 15. 4. vahI, 2. 5. vahI, 12, 13. 6. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 61-62. 7. vahI, 63, 64. 8. vahI, 65, 66, 67. 9. vahI, 71, 72, 73. 10. vahI, 80.

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174 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha (Da) jo divya zakti ke prApta hone kA pracAra kare, to pAcittiya praayshcitt| (Dha) jo bhikSaNI saMgha kI vastuoM ko asAvadhAnIpUrvaka idhara-udhara rakha de yA krodha meM kisI dUsarI bhikSaNI ko upAzraya se nikAla de, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (Na) binA pramANa kA saMghAdisesa doSa lagAne para pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (ta) saMgha ke lie prApta vastu kA apane lie upayoga karane para pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (tha) dUsarI bhikSuNiyoM ko jAna-bUjhakara parezAna karane para pAcittiya prAyazcitta / AhAra sambandhI aparAdha jaina bhikSuNIH-(ka) rAtri-bhojana karane para anuddhAtikaM prAyazcitta / __(kha) nAva meM yA jala meM baiThe yA khar3e hokara bhojana grahaNa karane para cAturmAsika udghAtika prAyazcitta / (ga) jo dina ke bhojana kI nindA kare tathA rAtri-bhojana kI prazaMsA kare tathA prApta bhojana ko antima prahara meM grahaNa kare, to cAturmAsika anuddhAtika prAyazcitta / (gha) gRhastha ke bartana meM bhojana kare, to cAturmAsika udghAtika prAyazcitta / (Ga) do kosa kI dUrI se adhika jAkara bhojana kI gaveSaNA kare, to cAturmAsika udghAtika prAyazcitta / 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 104. 2. vahI, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114. 3. vahI, 154. 4. vahI, 160. . 5. vahI, 155, 156. 6. bRhatkalpasUtra, 4/1. 7. nizotha sUtra, 18 / 19-23. 8. vahI, 11 / 177-186. 9. vahI, 12 / 14. 10. vahI, 12 / 37.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa prakriyA : 175 (ca) jo rAjakIya utsavoM ke samaya, rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya vahA~ bace huye AhAra ko grahaNa kare, to cAturmAsika anuddhAtika prAyazcitta' / (cha) jo bhikSuNI rAjAoM ke yahA~ se bhojana kI yAcanA kare yA unake antaHpura ke naukaroM, dAsoM kA bhojana mA~ge yA rAjAoM ke ghor3e, hAthI Adi jAnavaroM kA bhojana mA~ge, to cAturmAsika anuddhAtika prAyazcitta / (ja) jo bhikSuNI svAdiSTa bhojana grahaNa kara kharAba bhojana ko pheMka de yA zayyAtara ( upAzraya kA svAmI) ke ghara kA bhojana grahaNa kare, to mAsika uddhAtika prAyazcitta / (jha) jo bhikSuNI anya dharmAvalambiyoM se bhojana kI yAcanA kare, to mAsika uddhAtika prAyazcitta* / (ja) AcArya yA upAdhyAya ko diye binA jo bhikSuNI bhojana kare, to mAsika uddhAtika prAyazcitta" / bauddha bhikSuNI - (ka) svastha bhikSuNI yadi ghI, tela, madhu, mA~sa, machalI, makkhana tathA dUdha kA sevana kare to nissaggiya pAcittiya / (kha) lahasuna kA sevana karane para pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (ga) kacce anAja ko mAMgakara yA bhUnakara khAne para pAcittiya prAyazcitta' / (gha) gRhastha yA parivrAjaka ko apane hAtha se bhojana dene para pAcittiya prAyazcitta' / 1 (Ga) tRpta ho jAne para punaH bhojana karane para pAcittiya prAyazcitta / 1. nizItha sUtra, 8 / 15-19. 2. vahI, 9 / 1- 6; 9 / 22-26. 3. vahI, 2 / 43 - 45. 4. vahI, 3 / 1 - 15. 5. vahI, 422-24. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI nissaggiya pAcittiya, 25. 6. 7. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya 1. 8. vahI, 7. 9. vahI, 46. 10. vahI, 54.

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176 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha (ca) jo bhikSuNI vikAla meM bhojana kare, svAdiSTa AhAra ke lobha meM kisI eka gRhastha ke yahA~ jAye tathA puruSa ke sAtha baiThe, to pAcittiya praayshcitt'| vastra sambandhI aparAdha __ jaina bhikSuNo -(ka) bhikSuNo dvArA vastra ko svayaM kharIdane, raMgane, dhone tathA sugandhita Adi karane para cAturmAsika udghAtika prAyazcitta / bauddha bhikSuNI-(ka) cIvara tathA kaThina cIvara sambandhI saMgha ke niyamoM kA ullaMghana karane para nissaggiya pAcittiyaH / (kha) dUsare ke cIvara ko dhAraNa karane tathA cIvara ke bA~Tane meM bAdhA DAlane para pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (ga) grISma evaM zarad Rtu meM zarIra para or3hane kA vastra yadi adhika mUlyavAna ho, to nissaggiya pAcittiya" / (gha) ucita mApa se choTA yA bar3A vastra banavAne para pAcittiya praayshcitt| (Ga) jo bhikSuNI binA kaMcuka gA~va meM jAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (ca) jo bhikSuNI mAsika sambandhI vastra ko upayoga ke pazcAt svaccha karake na rakhe, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (cha) jo bhikSuNI sUta kAte, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / 1. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 117-124. 2. nizItha sUtra, 12 / 15-17. 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI nissa ggiya pAcittiya, 13-20; 26-29. 4. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 23-30. 5. vahI, bhikkhunI nissaggiya pAcittiya, 11-12. 6. vahI, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 165-166. 7. vahI, 96. 8. vahI, 47-48. 9. vahI, 43.

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saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa-prakriyA : 177 svAdhyAya sambandhI aparAdha jaina bhikSuNI-(ka) jo bhikSuNI asvAdhyAya kAla meM svAdhyAya kare tathA svAdhyAya kAla meM asvAdhyAya kare, to use cAturmAsika udghAtika praayshcitt'| (kha) bhAvahIna hokara sUtra kA uccAraNa kare yA zabdoM ko chor3akara par3he, to mAsalaghu prAyazcitta / bauddha bhikSuNI--(ka) jo bhikSuNI jhUThI vidyAoM ko sIkhe yA par3hAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (kha) dharma ke sAra ko saMkSipta rUpa se kahane kA vidhAna thA, jo bhikSaNI isa niyama kA atikramaNa kare, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / (ga) jo bhikSuNI upadeza sunane yA uposatha meM na jAye, to pAcittiya prAyazcitta / tulanA-upayukta adhyayana se donoM saMghoM meM daNDa-prakriyA sambandhI niyamoM meM kAphI samAnatA dikhAI par3atI hai| donoM hI bhikSaNI-saMghoM meM maithuna,corI tathA hiMsA ko gambhIratama aparAdha samajhA jAtA thA tathA isake lie kaThora daNDa kI vyavasthA thii| saMgha kI vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha banAye rakhane ke lie niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana kiyA jAtA thaa| saMgha ke prati kiyA gayA thor3A bhI anAdara kA bhAva athavA usake niyamoM kI avahelanA donoM saMghoM kI bhikSaNiyoM ko kaThora daNDa kI bhAgI banAtI thI / saMgha kI maryAdA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane kA hara sambhava prayatna kiyA gayA thaa| jisa bhikSu yA bhikSuNI ko kisI kAraNavaza saMgha se nikAla diyA jAtA thAusakA anusaraNa karane vAlA bhI usI ke samAna aparAdhI samajhA jAtA thaa| bauddha saMgha meM to aise bhikSuNI ke lie pArAjika daNDa kI vyavasthA thI arthAt saMgha meM aba vaha kabhI bhI nahIM lI jA sakatI thii| ayogya pAtra ko saMgha meM praveza karAnA bhI gambhIra aparAdha thaa| saMgha-praveza ke samaya donoM saMghoM meM atyanta satarkatA baratI jAtI thI kyoMki aise vyakti saMgha 1. nizItha sUtra, 19 / 10-20. 2. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga prathama, 288-299. 3. pAtimokkha, bhivakhunI pAcittiya, 49-50. 4. vahI, 103. 5. vahI, 58-59. 12

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178 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza kara aneka durAcAroM ko janma de sakate the| ataH ina paristhitiyoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie prArambha se hI prayatna kiyA gayA thA / bhojana, vastra, pAtra Adi ke sambandha meM bhI donoM saMghoM ke daNDavidhAna meM samAnatA dikhAI par3atI hai| sAdA evaM sAttvika bhojana hI grahaNa karane kA vidhAna thaa| rAtri-bhojana donoM hI saMghoM meM agrahaNIya thaa| gahIta padArtha cAhe jaisA bhI ho, use satkArapUrvaka grahaNa karane kA vidhAna thaa| vastra, pAtra Adi ke sambandha meM bhI niyama banAye gaye the tathA dAtA kI bhAvanAoM kA bhI sUkSmatA se adhyayana kiyA jAtA thaa| donoM saMghoM meM bhikSaNiyoM ko bhikSAvRtti yA yAtrA ke samaya zarIra ko pUrI taraha DhaMka kara jAne kI salAha dI gayI thii| ina niyamoM kA atikramaNa karane para donoM saMghoM meM daNDoM kI lagabhaga samAna vyavasthA thii| donoM saMghA meM bhikSuNiyoM ko parihAra (parivAsa) daNDa dene kA niSedha thaa| aisA sambhavataH unakI zIla-surakSA ke dRSTikoNa se kiyA gayA thaa| ___ donoM bhikSuNI-saMghoM ke prAyazcitta sambandhI niyamoM meM kucha antara bhI haiM, jo nimna haiM (ka) pArAMjika aparAdhI jaina bhikSuNI ko kama se kama eka varSa tathA adhika se adhika 12 varSa taka gRhastha veza pahanA kara punaH zramaNa-dharma meM praveza diyA jA sakatA thaa| isake viparIta pArAjika aparAdhI bauddha bhikSaNI ko saMgha se sarvadA ke lie nikAla diyA jAtA thA / aisI bhikSuNI ko 'abhikkhunI" kahA gayA hai| (kha) daNDa dene kI prakriyA meM bhI donoM saMghoM meM antara thaa| bauddha saMgha meM sArI prakriyA saMgha ke samakSa prastuta kI jAtI thii| jJapti, tIna bAra vAcanA tathA anta meM dhAraNA ke dvArA saMgha kI mauna sahamati ko usakI svIkRti jAnakara aparAdhI ko daNDa-mukta kiyA jAtA thaa| jaina saMgha meM isa lambI prakriyA kA abhAva thaa| aparAdhI bhikSuNI ko prAyazcitta ke lie pUre saMgha ke samakSa nivedana nahIM karanA hotA thA, apitu gaccha yA saMgha ke padAdhikAriyoM ke sammukha vaha svayaM nivedana karatI thii| (ga) jaina saMgha meM jaba koI bhikSuNI aparAdha karatI thI, taba vaha turanta apane gaccha-pramukha yA pravattinI ke pAsa jAkara apane aparAdhoM ko batAtI thI / bauddha saMgha meM isa prakAra kA niyama nahIM thA / yahA~ pratyeka 15veM dina uposatha ke samaya pAtimokkha niyamoM kI vAcanA hotI thI,jisameM sAre niyamoM

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* saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA evaM daNDa prakriyA : 179 duharAyA jAtA thA / ataH bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM 15 dina bAda hI saMgha ko aparAdhoM kI sUcanA milatI thI / isI prakAra pravAraNA ( varSa meM eka bAra) ke samaya dRSTa, zruta tathA parizaMkita aparAdhoM kI jA~ca hotI thI / (gha) jaina saMgha meM prAyazcitta ke sambandha meM bhI "bhikkhu vA bhikkhuNI vA" tathA "niggantha vA nigganthI vA" kahakara bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke adhikAza niyamoM meM samAnatA sthApita kI gaI hai / eka aparAdha karane para bhikSu ko jo daNDa diyA jAtA thA vahI daNDa bhikSuNI ke lie bhI nirdhArita thA / parihAra ke daNDa se bhikSuNI ko mukta karane ke atirikta bhikSubhikSuNiyoM meM anya koI mUlabhUta bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai / bauddha saMgha meM bhI parihAra kI taraha yadyapi parivAsa ke daNDa se bhikSuNiyoM ko mukta kiyA gayA hai, parantu bauddha saMgha meM bhikkhu, pAtimokkha tathA bhikkhunI pAtimokkha, jisameM niyamoM kA ullekha hai - kA alaga-alaga vibhAjana hai / bhikkhunI pAtimokkha meM niyamoM kI saMkhyA bhikkhu pAtimokkha ke niyamoM se jyAdA hai / (Ga) jaina daNDa - vyavasthA kI eka pramukha viziSTatA aparAdha kI gurutA meM bheda karanA thA / eka hI aparAdha karane para ucca padAdhikAriyoM ko kaThora daNDa tathA nimna padAdhikAriyoM ko narama daNDa kI vyavasthA thI / saMgha ke ucca padAdhikArI cU~ki niyamoM ke jJAtA hote the, ataH unase yaha AzA kI jAtI thI ki ve niyamoM kA sUkSmatA se pAlana kreNge| saMgha ko suvyavasthita AdhAra pradAna karane ke lie unase aisA Adarza upasthita karane ko kahA gayA thA, jisase anya loga unakA anusaraNa kara sakeM / bauddha saMgha meM yaha bAta nahIM thI / aparAdha karane para saMgha ke sabhI sadasyoM ke lie samAna daNDa kI vyavasthA thI / jaina evaM bauddha saMghoM kI daNDa prakriyA kA yaha eka mUla- bhUta antara thA / (ca) isake atirikta jaina saMgha meM aparAdhoM kI gurutA paristhitiyoM ke anusAra kama-jyAdA bhI hotI thI / yadi bhikSu yA bhikSuNI svecchA se aparAdha karate the, to unheM gambhIra daNDa diyA jAtA thA tathA yadi vahI aparAdha anajAna meM athavA vivazatA se kiyA gayA ho, to narama daNDa kI vyavasthA thI / aparAdhI apane padAdhikArI se una paristhitiyoM ko batAtA thA, jinameM vaha aparAdha karane ke lie prerita hotA thA / bauddha saMgha meM yaha vizeSatA nahIM pAI jAtI hai / (cha) jaina saMgha meM prAyazcitta ke 10 prakAra haiM, jinameM AlocanA, pratikramaNa tathA kAyotsarga karanA jaina bhikSuNiyoM kA pratidina kA kArya thA /

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180 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM prAyazcittoM kI saMkhyA 7 thI / yahA~ pratidina guru ke pAsa AlocanA Adi karane kA vidhAna nahIM thaa| ___(ja) bauddha saMgha meM pratyeka niyama ke nirmANa ke sambandha meM eka ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isakI sahAyatA se niyama kI gurutA tathA usakI prakRti ko saralatA se samajhA jA sakatA hai, parantu jaina granthoM meM isa prakAra kI ghaTanAoM kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| yadyapi paravartI granthoM (bhASya, niyukti, cUNi Adi) kI sahAyatA se hI niyamoM kI prakRti ko jAnA jA sakatA hai|

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saptama adhyAya bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti jaina evaM bauddha donoM saMgha-bhikSu, bhikSuNI, upAsaka aura upAsikAaise cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAji ta the, parantu saMgha ke mUla stambha bhikSu-bhikSuNI hI the / prAcIna sAhitya meM jitane bhI niyamoM evaM upa-niyamoM kA nirmANa huA, ve pramukhatayA inhIM se sambandhita the| saMgha meM eka sAtha rahate hue bhikSa aura bhikSaNiyoM meM pArasparika sambandha evaM paricaya kA honA svAbhAvika thaa| ina sambandhoM evaM melajola prasaMgoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa cAritrika patana kI sambhAvanA bhI ho sakatI thii| ataH saMgha meM unake pArasparika vyavahAra ko jahA~ taka sambhava ho sakA, kama karane kI koziza kI gaI isa sambandha meM donoM dharmoM meM prArambha se hI vistRta niyamoM kI racanA kI gaI thii| jaina dharma meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti jAti, dharma, raMga, rUpa liMga Adi meM samAnatA kA dAvA karane ke bAda bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI sthiti nimna thI / jaina dharma ke digambara sampradAya ne to strI ko taba taka mukti kI adhikAriNI hI nahIM mAnA, jaba taka ki vaha pUruSa ke rUpa meM pUnaH janma na le| isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI vicAradhArA udAra rhii| inhoMne nArI ko na kevala mokSa kA adhikArI batAyA, apitu yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA ki nArI sarvocca tIrthaMkara pada ko prApta kara sakatI hai| zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke, Agama granthoM meM prayukta 'bhikkhu bhikkhunI vA" tathA "nigganthanigganthI vA" zabda se bhI yaha dyotita hotA hai ki adhikAMza niyama donoM ke lie samAna the| parantu, zvetAmbara sampradAya kI isa udAravAdI dRSTi ke bAvajUda bhI unake AgamoM meM strI-doSoM ko bar3hA-car3hA kara hI citrita kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM striyoM ko paMka ke samAna batAte huye kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra paMka prANI ko apane meM phaMsA letA hai usI prakAra striyA~ puruSa ko

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182 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha viSaya vAsanAoM ke paMka meM phaMsA letI haiN| unake sambandha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ve puruSa ko pralobhana meM phaMsAkara kharIde hae dAsa kI bhA~ti nacAne vAlI haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM striyoM ko puruSa kA brahmacarya naSTa karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| gacchAcAra meM strI kA sparza viSadhara sarpa, prajvalita agni tathA halAhala viSa ke samAna mAnA gayA hai| sAdhu ke lie isa saMsAra meM sAdhvI ke atirikta aura koI bandhana nahIM hai| jisa prakAra zleSma meM par3I huyI makSikA apane Apa ko nahIM chur3A sakatI, usI prakAra strI ke bandhana meM phaMsA huA sAdhu saMsAra-sAgara se pAra nahIM pA sktaa| ve bhikSuoM ke brahmacarya ko skhalita karane kA sAdhana mAnI gyiiN| yadyapi nArI jAti kI nindA bhikSuoM ke brahmacarya ko surakSita rakhane ke sandarbha meM kI gayI thI, parantu isase bhikSuNiyoM kI sAmAjika sthiti para prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika thA / jaina granthoM meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko eka sAtha Thaharane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| unakA upAzraya-sthala bhI eka dUsare ke samIpa nahIM ho sakatA thA kyoMki upAzraya samIpa rahane se unameM pArasparika rAgabhAva hone kI sambhAvanA thI / aise upAzrayoM meM jinake dvAra eka dUsare ke Amane-sAmane hoM, eka upAzraya ke dvAra ke pArzvabhAga meM dUsare upAzraya kA dvAra ho, eka upAzraya kA dvAra Upara ho aura dUsare kA nIce athavA upAzraya samapaMkti meM hoM, to aise upAzrayoM meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko sAtha-sAtha rahane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA kyoMki aise upAzraya meM rahane se janasAdhAraNa ke mana meM aneka zaMkAe~ utpanna ho sakatI haiN| 1. "paMkabhUyA u itthiyo"-uttarAdhyayana, 2/17. 2. vahI, 8/18. 3. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/4/1/26. 4. gacchAcAra, 84. 5. vahI, 70. 6. vahI, 67. 7. bRhatkalpasUtra, 1/10-11. 8. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2235-56.

Page #202
bhikSu bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti : 183 isa prakAra ke upAzrayoM meM rahane se unake brahmacarya kI virAdhanA bhI saMbhava thI / bhikSuNI ke guptAMga, kuca, udara Adi ko dekhakara bhikSu kI kAmavAsanA jAgRta ho sakatI thI / " bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSA ke lie bhI sAtha-sAtha jAne kA niSedha thA / bhikSuNiyA~ bhI do yA tIna kI saMkhyA meM hI jA sakatI thIM, akalI bhikSuNI kA jAnA niSiddha thA / bhikSA ke lie jAte huye yadi bhikSu bhikSuNI saMyogavaza Amane-sAmane mila jAyeM to unheM nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve Apasa meM na to vandanA kareM aura na namaskAra kreN| unheM paraspara bolane tathA dekhane kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA thA / bhojana ke samaya sAdhuoM kI maNDalI meM koI bhI bhikSuNI nahIM jA sakatI thI / bhayaMkara akAla par3ane ke para bhI binA vicAre sAdhviyoM dvArA lAyA huA AhAra- pAnI sAdhu lie niSiddha thA / saMgha meM bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ko Apasa meM pAtra Adi upakaraNoM ke prayoga kI bhI manAhI thI / isI prakAra sAdhviyoM dvArA dI gayI zArIrika bala ko bar3hAne tathA buddhi ko puSTa karane vAlI auSadhi kA prayoga bhikSu ke lie agrahaNIya thA / " maiM ekAnta meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko Apasa meM bAtacIta karane kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA thA / niyama kA ullaMghana karane para kaThora daNDa kI vyavasthA thI / dRr3ha mana vAlI tathA janatA meM Adara prApta bhikSuNI ko bhI sAdhu dvArA ekAMta meM par3hAnA anAcAra mAnA gayA thA / vRddha bhikSu ( sthavira ) bhI akelI sAdhvI se vyartha kA vArtAlApa nahIM kara sakatA thA / isI prakAra rAtri ke samaya mukhya bhikSuNI bhI vRddha athavA taruNa bhikSu se vArtA - lApa nahIM kara sakato thI / ' sahodara bhrAtA se bhI jo ki aba bhikSu bana 1. tAsi kakkhaMtara- gujjha desa - kuca udara- UrumAdIe, nigga hiyaiMdiyassa vi, daTTha moho samujjalatti - bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2257. 2. " na ya vaMdaNaM na namaNaM, na ya saMbhAso na viya diTThI". 3. gacchAcAra, 96. 4. vahI, 61. 5. vahI, 91-92. 94. 6. vahI, 7. vahI, 62. 8. vahI, 116. - . vahI bhAga tRtIya, 2246. 9

Page #203
184 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha cukA ho, koI bhI bhikSuNI ekAnta meM akele na to mila sakatI thI aura na vArtAlApa hI kara sakatI thI / sAdhu ke lie sAdhviyoM ke zarIra kA sparza kisI bhI dazA meM nindanIya thA / AcArya ke lie bhI sAdhvI ke hAtha kA sparza varjita thA, kyoMki yaha unheM kalaMkita kara sakatA thA / strI ke aMgoM ko sarAga dRSTi se dekhanA bhI varjita thA / yaha mAnA gayA thA ki vRddhAvasthA ko prApta tathA sadA tapa meM lIna sAdhu ko bhI sAdhvI kA samparka nindA kA pAtra banA sakatA hai | samparka ke avasara ina sAre niSedhoM ke bAvajUda bhI bhikSu bhikSuNI kA Apasa meM milanA sarvathA niSiddha nahIM thA / jaina granthoM meM eka dUsare se milane samvandhI maryAdAe~ bhI nizcita kI gaI haiN| yadyapi bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ko eka sAtha eka hI upAzraya meM rahanA sarvathA niSiddha thA, kintu nimna vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM unheM eka sAtha rahane kI anumati pradAna kI gaI thI / (ka) yAtrA ke samaya yadi bhikSu bhikSuNI calate-calate agamya evaM nirjana aTavI meM pahu~ca gaye hoM / (kha) bhikSu - bhikSuNiyoM ko kisI grAma yA nagara meM eka hI upAzraya milA ho / meM (ga) yadi unheM upAzraya na milA ho aura kisI eka hI devAlaya Adi ThaharanA anivArya ho gayA ho / (gha) coroM yA duSTa vyaktiyoM dvArA vastra pAtra Adi ke chInane yA curAne kI sambhAvanA ho / (Ga) durAcArI vyakti yadi sAdhvI ke sAtha balAtkAra karanA cAhate hoM / 1. gacchAcAra, 109. 2. vahI, 85. 3, vahI, 62. 4. vahI, 64-65. 5. sthAnAMga, 5/417.

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bhikSu bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI ko sthiti : 185 yahI nahIM, kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM to acelaka (nirvastra ) bhikSu bhI bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha upAzraya meM raha sakatA thA / jaite - vikSiptacitta, dRptacitta, yakSAviSTa aura vAtaroga Adi se unmatta bhikSu ke sAtha usakI sahAyatA ke lie yadi koI bhikSu na ho, to bhikSuNI usakI sahAyatA ke lie raha sakatI thI / isI prakAra sAdhvI ke putra ke dIkSita hone ke avasara para yadi usa samaya anya koI sAdhvI na ho, to usake sAtha koI sAdhu Thahara sakatA thA / " AhAra ke sambandha meM bhI kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM chUTa dI gayI thI / yadi bhikSuNI ke sAtha durAcArI vyaktiyoM ne balAtkAra kiyA ho aura vaha kahIM Ane-jAne meM asamartha ho, to vaha dUsare bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM se bhojana pAne kI adhikAriNI thii| saMgha kI tarapha se dUsare bhikSubhikSuNiyoM ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve usake lie bhI AhAra kA prabandha kareM | vArtAlApa ke sambandha meM bhI paristhitiyoMvaza niyamoM meM chUTa dI gayI thI / yadyapi akele sAdhu-sAdhvI ko Apasa meM bAtacIta karane kA niSedha thA, parantu kucha avasaroM para ve aisA kara sakate the-- (ka) yadi bhikSu upayukta mArga bhUla gayA ho, to kisI bhikSuNI se rAstA 'pUcha sakatA hai / (kha) aisI hI paristhiti meM vaha bhI bhikSuNI ko rAstA batA sakatA hai| (ga) bhikSu cAroM prakAra kA AhAra dete samaya vArtAlApa kara sakatA hai / (gha) isI taraha vaha cAroM prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa karate samaya bAtacIta kara sakatA hai / uparyukta ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM yadi koI bhikSu akelI bhikSuNI se vArtAlApa karatA hai, to usakA yaha kArya jaina saMgha ke niyamoM kA atikramaNa karanA nahIM mAnA gayA thA / kintu sAmAnya avasthA meM yadi bhikSuNI 1. sthAnAMga, 5 / 417. 2. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga caturtha, 4135. 3. sthAnAMga 4/290.

Page #205
186 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ko bhikSa se bolanA Avazyaka ho, to use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha apanI mukhya bhikSuNI (sthavirA) ko Age karake thor3e zabdoM meM vinayapUrvaka bole yA prazna pUche / ' vArtAlApa kA viSaya dhArmika jijJAsA ko zAnta karanA hotA thaa| vyartha kA vArtAlApa vaha nahIM kara sakatI thii| isI prakAra kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM bhikSu bhikSuNI kA sparza evaM usakI sahAyatA kara sakatA thA jo nimna haiM: (ka)bhikSuNI ko yadi koI unmatta pazu yA pakSI mAratA ho; (kha) bhikSuNI kIcar3a meM phaMsa gaI ho aura usameM se nikala na pA rahI ho; (ga) viSama mArga meM jAne para yadi bhikSuNI gira par3I ho; (dha) bhikSuNI nAva para car3hane yA utarane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava kara rahI ho; (Ga) yadi bhikSuNo vikSipta citta, kruddha, unmatta, kalaha meM rata, yakSAviSTa ho athavA pati yA durAcArI vyaktiyoM dvArA saMyama se cyuta kI jA rahI ho| uparyukta paristhitiyoM meM bhikSu ko bhikSuNI kA sparza karane kI anumati dI gaI thii| isI prakAra yadi bhikSaNI ne kaThora prAyazcitta kiyA ho, bhaktapAna pratyAkhAna (bhojana-pAnI kA parityAga karake saMthArA grahaNa) kiyA ho; arthajAta se pIr3ita ho, to bhikSu bhikSuNI kI sahAyatA kara sakatA thA / 3 aisA karanA saMgha kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| saMgha ke niyamoM ke anusAra bImArI kI avasthA meM bhI bhikSu sAdhvI dvArA lAyI huI auSadhi ko nahIM grahaNa kara sakatA thA-parantu kucha paristhitiyoM meM isameM bhI chUTa dI gayI thii| bhikSu ke paira meM yadi kA~TA yA teja lakar3I dhaMsa jAya, A~kha meM sUkSma jIva-jantu yA dhUla par3a jAya aura use koI bhikSu nikAla na sake to aisI sthiti meM kisI catura bhikSuNI dvArA kA~TA nikAlanA maryAdA kA atikramaNa karanA nahIM thaa| ThIka isI prakAra yadi koI bhikSuNI ukta bAdhAoM se pIr3ita ho aura koI bhikSuNI 2. gacchAcAra, 130. 3. sthAnAMga, 5/437.; 6/476. 4. bRhatkalpasUtra, 6/7-18.

Page #206
bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti : 187. use dUra karane meM samartha na ho, to use koI bhI bhikSu nikAla sakatA thA', aisI sthiti meM eka dUsare ke zarIra kA sparza unheM daNDa kA pAtra nahIM banAtA thA / yahA~ taka ki bhikSu-bhikSuNI rUgNAvasthA meM eka dUsare ke mUtra kA auSadhi ke rUpa meM prayoga kara sakate the, yadyapi sAmAnya rUpa se unheM aisA karane kI anumati nahIM thii| __ uparyakta jina vizeSa paristhitayoM meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko eka dUsare kI sahAyatA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA-ve apavAda mArga the, saMgha ke mUla niyama nhiiN| ina apavAda mArgoM kA avalambana isalie grahaNa kiyA jAtA thA, tAki bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko anucita kaSTa na uThAnA par3e aura saMgha kI maryAdA bhI akSuNNa banI rhe| - bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke madhya niyamoM kI samAnatAoM evaM saiddhAntika uccAdarzoM ke bAvajUda bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki bhikSa kI tulanA meM bhikSaNI kI sthiti nimna thii| saMgha ke niyamoM ke anusAra 3 varSa kA dIkSita bhikSa 30 varSa kI dIkSita bhikSaNI kA upAdhyAya bana sakatA thA tathA 5 varSa kA dIkSita bhikSa 60 varSa kI dIkSita bhikSuNI kA AcArya bana sakatA thA / isake atirikta saMgha meM AcArya evaM upAdhyAya ke pada kevala bhikSuoM ke lie nirdhArita the aura kitanI bhI yogya bhikSuNI kyoM na ho, vaha ina ucca padoM ko dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatI thii| chedasUtroM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kAlAntara meM jaina saMgha meM "puruSajyeSThadharma" ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA gayA, jisake anusAra bhikSu bhikSaNI se pratyeka avasthA meM jyeSTha mAnA gyaa|4 100 varSa kI dIkSita bhikSuNI ko bhI sadyaH pravrajita bhikSu ko vandanA karane kA vidhAna thaa|" 1. bRhatkalpasUtra, 6/3-6. 2. vahI, 5/46. 3. vyavahArasUtra, 7/19-20. 4. "savvAhi saMjatIhiM, kitIkammaM saMjatANa kAyanvaM purisuttarito dhammo, savajiNANaM pi titthammi" -bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga SaSTha, 6399. 5. "apyAryikAzciradIkSitA api taddinadIkSitamapi sAdhu vandante, kRtikarma ca yathArAnikaM te'pi kurvanti"-vahI, bhAga SaSTha, 6361-TIkA. "varisasaya dikkhiAe ajjAe ajjAdikkhio sAhU abhigamaNa vaMdaNa namasaMNeNa viNaeNa so pujjo". -kalpasUtra kI kalpalatA TIkA meM uddhRta gAthA, pR0 2..

Page #207
188 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha isI prakAra upadeza dene kA adhikAra kevala bhikSu ko thaa| niyamoM ke anusAra koI bhikSuNI kisI bhikSu ko upadeza nahIM de sakatI thii| lekina apavAdasvarUpa jaina bhikSaNI rAjImatI dvArA bhikSu rathanemi ko upadeza dene kA anyatama udAharaNa milatA hai / rathanemi kI bhoga lipsA kI pravRtti ko rAjImatI ne kar3e zabdoM meM phaTakArA thaa| rAjImatI ke pratibodhAtmaka upadezoM kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki rathanemi kI A~khe khula gayIM aura unhoMne zeSa jIvana zAzvata satya kI khoja meM lagAyA / isI prakAra bhikSuNI brAhmI evaM sUndarI ne bhI bhikSu bAhubali ko ahaMkArarUpI hAthI se nIce utarane ke lie upadeza diyA thA, kintu ina apavAdoM ke atirikta aura koI bhikSuNI upadezaka ke rUpa meM nahIM milatI / isakI puSTi hameM abhilekhoM se bhI hotI hai| abhI taka prApta kisI bhI jaina abhilekha meM kisI bhikSaNI ko upadezaka ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai jabaki hara jagaha upadezaka ke rUpa meM bhikSu kA hI ullekha huA hai / bhikSuoM kI ziSyAoM ke rUpa meM bhikSuNiyoM kA ullekha sarvatra milatA hai, parantu eka bhI aisA udAharaNa nahIM milatA jisameM ki koI bhikSu kisI bhikSuNI kA ziSya rahA ho (yadyapi haribhadra ne apane ko yAkinIsunU kahakara gauravAnvita anubhava kiyA hai), jabaki bhikSuNI kI ziSyA ke rUpa meM bhikSuNI kA ullekha milatA hai| mathurA se prApta eka abhilekha meM nandA aura balavarmA kI ziSyA ke rUpa me akkA kA ullekha hai / 2 jaina granthoM meM bhikSa bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita niyamoM kA anuzIlana karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna Agama granthoM yathA-AcArAMga, sthAnAMga Adi kI apekSA paravartI granthoM gacchAcAra, bahatkalpabhASya Adi ke racanA kAla ke samaya meM bhikSaNioM ke Upara bhikSaoM kA aura bhI adhika kaThora niyantraNa ho gayA thaa| sthAnAMga meM kucha vizeSa paristhitayoM meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko paraspara eka dUsare kI sahAyatA karane, sevA karane tathA sAtha rahane kA bhI vidhAna thA, parantu gacchAcAra tathA bRhatkalpabhASya ke racanAkAla taka ina saba para kaThora niyantraNa lagA diyA gyaa| hama dekhate haiM ki sau varSa kI dIkSita bhikSaNI ko sadya:pravajita bhikSu ko vandana Adi karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA tathA 'puruSa 1. uttarAdhyayana, 22 vA~ adhyAya / 2. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 48.

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bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti : 189. jyeSTha-dharma' ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kara sabhI bhikSuNiyoM ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve bhikSu kI vandanA-kRtikarma Adi kreN| digambara sampradAya meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti jainadharma ke digambara sampradAya ne prArambha se hI bhikSuNiyoM ke prati anudAra dRSTikoNa kA paricaya diyaa| inake anusAra strI taba taka mokSa nahIM prApta kara sakatI, jaba taka vaha puruSa ke rUpa meM punaH janma na grahaNa kara le|' suttapAhuDa ke anusAra vastradhArI puruSa nirvANa nahIM prApta kara sakatA, bhale hI vaha tIrthaMkara kyoM na ho / digambara sampradAya meM nirvastratA kA ati Agraha rakhA gayA hai isI tarka ke AdhAra para strI-makti ke siddhAnta ko asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki sAmAjika evaM apanI zArIrika sthiti ke kAraNa striyA~ nirvastra nahIM raha sakatI thiiN| isake atirikta bhI, striyoM ke avagaNoM ko bar3A-car3hA kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pravacanasAra meM unheM ajJAnI aura adhairyazIla batAyA gayA hai| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki striyoM kA citta zuddha nahIM hotA tathA ve svabhAva se hI zithila hotI haiN| pratyeka mAsa unakA rudhirasrAva hotA hai jisake kAraNa ve nirbhayatApUrvaka evaM ekAgracitta mana se dhyAna nahIM kara sktiiN| isake atirikta striyoM ke yoni, stanoM ke bIca meM, nAbhi, aura kA~kha 1. pravacanasAra, 3/7. isake viparIta mUlAcAra kI eka gAthA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki sAdhu ke samAna sAdhviyAM bhI isI janma meM mokSa prApta kara sakatI haiM"evaM vidhANacariyaM caritaM je sAdhavo ya ajjAvo te jagapujjaM kitti suhaM ca labhrUNa sijhaMti" -mUlAcAra, 4/196. isa gAthA ke AdhAra para yA to yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki digambara sampradAya kA eka varga strI-mukti kI avadhAraNA meM vizvAsa karatA thA yA yaha ki mUlAcAra digambara sampradAya kA grantha na hokara yApanIya sampradAya kA grantha thaa| -draSTavya, prAkkathana, mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / 2. "Na visijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jai vihoititthayaro" -suttapAhuDa, 23. 3. pravacanasAra, 3/8-9.

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190 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM sUkSma zarIradhArI jIva rahate haiN| inhIM kAraNoM ke AdhAra para kucha granthoM meM to striyoM kI dIkSA kA bhI niSedha kara diyA gyaa|' bhikSu-bhikSuNI ke pArasparika melajola ke viSaya meM mUlAcAra meM kAphI satarkatA baratI gaI tathA isa sambandha meM aneka niyamoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA thaa| taruNa zramaNa kisI bhI paristhiti meM akelI tarUNI zramaNI ke sAtha vArtAlApa nahIM kara sakatA thaa| yadi bhikSu isa AjJA kA ullaMghana karatA thA to vaha-AjJAkopa, anavasthA, mithyAtvArAdhanA, AtmanAza evaM saMyamavirAdhanA-nAmaka pA~ca doSoM se yukta mAnA jAtA thaa| kanyA, vidhavA athavA bhikSaNI ke sAtha kSaNamAtra bhI vArtAlApa karanA nindA kA kAraNa bana sakatA thA / bhikSu aura bhikSuNI ke madhya vArtA kA viSaya dhArmika praznoM taka hI sImita rahatA thaa| ve vyarthaM kA vArtAlApa nahIM kara sakate the| bhikSuNI yadi koI prazna pUchane bhikSu ke pAsa jAtI thI to bhikSu ko vahA~ akele rahakara uttara dene kI AjJA nahIM thI, apitu use kucha anya bhikSuoM ke sAmane uttara dene kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| parantu yadi bhikSuNI gaNinI ko Age karake prazna pUchatI thI, to bhikSu akele bho prazna kA uttara de sakatA thaa| bhikSuoM ko bhikSuNiyoM ke upAzraya meM sonA, adhyayana karanA tathA bhojana karanA sarvathA niSiddha thA / kyoMki bhikSuNI kI samIpatA se usake citta ke caMcala hone ko sambhAvanA thii| bhikSaNiyoM ke upAzraya meM Thaharane vAlA bhikSu lokanindA tathA vratabhaMga donoM kA pAtra mAnA gayA thaa|" bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSu kI vandanA Adi karane kA vidhAna thA / bhikSuNiyoM ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve AcArya (sUri) kI pA~ca hAtha se, upAdhyAya ko chaH hAtha se, bhikSu kI sAta hAtha kI dUrI se vandanA 1. "itthIsu Na pAvayA bhaNiyA''-puttapAhuDa, 24-26. 2. mUlAcAra, 4/179. 3. vahI, 4/182. 4. vahI, 4/180. 5. vahI, 10/61-62.

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bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti : 191 kre|' bahuta dina kI pravrajita bhikSuNI se sadyaH pravrajita bhikSu zreSTha mAnA gayA thA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina dharma ke zvetAmbara tathA digambaradonoM sampradAyoM meM bhikSu kI tulanA meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti nimna thii| donoM sampradAyoM meM "puruSajyeSThadharma" ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA thA / donoM hI sampradAyoM meM sadyaH pravrajita bhikSu cirapravrajita bhikSaNI se zreSTha mAnA gayA thA tathA bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSu kI vandanA tathA kRtikarma karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| bauddha saMgha meM bhikSuNI ko sthiti jaina dharma ke samAna bauddha dharma meM bhI bhikSuNI kI sthiti nimna thii| buddha dvArA pratipAdita aSTagurudharmoM se hI bhikSu kI tulanA meM bhikSuNI kI nimna sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai| prathama aSTagurudharma niyama ke anusAra sau varSa kI upasampanna bhikSuNI ko sadyaH upasampanna bhikSa ko abhivAdana karanA, aMjali jor3anA tathA usake sammAna meM khar3A honA par3atA thaa| isakA spaSTa tAtparya yaha thA ki yogyatA meM bhikSuNI kitano bhI jyeSTha kyoM na ho, use pratyeka dazA meM bhikSu kA sammAna karanA thaa| isake viparIta bhikSu kisI bhI bhikSuNI ke sammAna meM na to khaDA ho sakatA thA aura na aMjali jor3a sakatA thA / yadi bhikSu kisI bhikSuNI ko sammAna pradarzita karane ke lie abhivAdana Adi karatA thA, to vaha dukkaTa ke daNDa kA doSI mAnA jAtA thA / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki yogyatA ko bilkula nakAra diyA gayA thA aura liMga ke AdhAra para hI jyeSThatA kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA thaa| bauddha saMgha meM isa anucita niyama ke virodha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI pratikUla pratikriyA ke bhI darzana hote haiN| aSTagurudharma svIkAra kara lene ke uparAnta mahAprajApati gautamI ne buddha se yaha anumati cAhI thI ki bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke madhya abhivAdana-abhyutthAna tathA samI 1. mUlAcAra, 4/195. 2. "bahukAlapravrajitAyA apyAryikAyA adya pravarjito'pi mahAMstathendracakradharAdInAmapi mahAn yato'to jyeSTha iti" -vahI, 10/18-ttiikaa| 3. cullavagga, pR0 378.

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192 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha cIkarma (kuzala-samAcAra pUchanA) jyeSThatA ke anusAra ho, liMga ke anusAra nhiiN|' gautamI dvArA uThAyA gayA yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa prazna thA jisakA atyanta dUragAmI prabhAva par3atA / lekina buddha ne apanI kSIradAyikA mauMsI ke isa tarka ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA tathA kaThoratApUrvaka yaha niyama banAyA ki abhivAdana-vandanA Adi bhikSaNiyoM ko hI karanA caahie| upasampadA ke uparAnta bhikSuNiyoM ko tIna nizraya tathA ATha akaraNIya dharma batalAe jAte the, bhikSuoM ke lie cAra nizraya tathA cAra akaraNIya the| ye ATha akaraNIya dharma pArAjika prAyazcitta ke hI dusare nAma the| pArAjika bauddha saMgha kA sabase kaThora daNDa thaa| pArAjika doSa siddha ho jAne para bhikSuNI saMgha se sarvadA ke lie nikAla dI jAtI thii| vaha 'abhikkhunI" kahalAtI thii| usakI tulanA sira kaTe hue vyakti se kI gaI thii| spaSTa hai, bhikSuNiyoM ko akaraNIya dharma ke mAdhyama se adhika kaThora pratibandha meM rakhane kI koziza kI gii| kucha paristhitiyoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha rahanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA thA / aSTagurudharma niyama ke anusAra bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha hI varSAvAsa karane kA vidhAna thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ko akele yAtrA Adi karanA niSiddha thA / bhikSuoM kA caturtha nizraya vRkSa ke nIce nivAsa karanA thA, parantu bhikSuNI ko vRkSa ke nIce rahane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA / isI prakAra unheM araNya (jaMgala) meM Thaharane kI anumati nahIM thii|" isake viparIta bhikSu akelA yAtrA bhI kara sakatA thA tathA araNya meM bhI akelA raha sakatA thaa| uparyukta niyama nArI-prakRti ko hI dhyAna meM rakhakara banAye gaye the tathA usameM bhikSuNI kI cAritrika surakSA kA prazna mahattvapUrNa thaa| bhikSuNiyoM ko araNyavAsa Adi kI AjJA dene para unake zIla-apaharaNa Adi kA bhaya thA / bhikSuoM ke sAtha aisI koI bAta nahIM thI, ataH unheM araNyavAsa karane se niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA thA, balki unheM isa sambandha 1. cullavagga, pR0 378. 2. draSTavya-isI grantha kA prathama adhyAya / 3. "sIsacchinno abhabbotena sarIrabandhanena jIvituma" -pAcittiya pAli, pR0 287. 4. draSTavya-isI grantha kA prathama adhyAya / 5. cullavagga, pR0 399; bhikSuNI vinaya 6 287.

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bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti : 193 protsAhita kiyA jAtA thA tathA nizraya ke samaya bhI isakI zikSA dI jAtI thii| bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla kI surakSA ke upayukta niyama ucita jAna paDate haiM, kyoMki ve apane zIla kI rakSA bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha rahakara AsAnI se kara sakatI thiiN| samparka ke avasara ___ bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke madhya ati-paricaya bar3hane se aneka doSoM ke utpanna hone kI sambhAvanA thI, ataH bauddha saMgha meM bhI isake nirAkaraNa kA prayatna kiyA gayA thaa| saMgha meM eka sAtha rahate hue yaha kadApi sambhava na thA ki bhikSu-bhikSuNI paraspara mila hI na skeN| saMgha ke samakSa bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-rakSA kA prazna bhI thA, jisake kAraNa saMgha unheM sarvathA akele rahane kI anumati nahIM de sakatA thaa| ataH bhikSuNiyoM ke madhya pArasparika sambandha kA honA anivArya thA / parantu yaha dhyAna diyA gayA thA ki bhikSu-bhikSaNI ke sambandha itane adhika ghaniSTha na ho jAyeM ki niyamoM ko avahelanA hone lge| saMgha kI maryAdA ke andara hI unheM eka dUsare se milane kI anumati dI gaI thii| yadi kisI bhikSaNI, zikSamANA yA zrAmaNerI kA koI kArya ho aura vaha bhikSu kI sahAyatA cAhatI ho, to bhikSu sandeza milane para sAta dina ke lie varSAkAla meM bhI jA sakatA thaa| isI taraha bhikSuNI yadi rogagrasta ho, usakA mana saMnyAsa se haTa gayA ho (anabhirati), dharma meM sandeha paidA ho gayA ho (kakkuccaM), mana meM burI dhAraNA utpanna ho gayI ho (diTrigataM), mAnatta kA daNDa lagA ho aura vaha bhikSa ke pAsa sahAyatA ke lie sandeza bheje to bhikSa ko vahA~ jAne kI anumati thii| isI prakAra eka yA bahata sI bhikSaNiyA~ saMgha meM bheda paidA karane kI koziza kara rahI hoM, to saMgha-bheda rokane ke lie tathA bhikSuNiyoM ko vastusthiti samajhAne ke lie bhikSu bhikSaNI se vyaktigata rUpa se milakara athavA bhikSaNI-saMgha ke AvAsa meM jAkara apane prabhAva kA upayoga kara sakatA thaa| usake prabhAva se yaha sambhava thA ki saMgha-bheda kA prayatna karane vAlI bhikSuNI yA bhikSuNI-samudAya apane garhita kArya se vimukha ho jAya / 1. mahAvagga, pR0 146. 2. vahI, pR0 149, 151-52. 3. vahI, pR0 158.

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194 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bhikSuNiyA~ bhikSuoM se apanI AvazyakatA kI vastuoM kI yAcanA bhI kara sakatI thIM / callavagga meM bhikSaNiyoM dvArA bhikSaoM ke pAsa zayyAsana ke lie sandeza bhejane kA ullekha hai, kyoMki bhikSu-saMgha ke pAsa zayyAsana saMkhyA meM adhika thaa| bhojana kI mAtrA adhika hone para bhI ve eka dUsare ko de sakate the| isI prakAra kI huI pratijJA Adi kI pUrti hetu bhI bhikSa kisI bhikSuNI ko bhojana Adi de sakatA thaa| callavagga meM ullekha milatA hai ki eka piMDacArika (koI nimantraNa na svIkAra kara sadA bhikSA mA~gakara bhojana karane vAlA) bhikSu ne pratijJA kI thI ki vaha prathama prApta bhikSA ko kisI bhikSa yA bhikSaNI ko diye binA nahIM grahaNa karegA aura usane vaha bhikSA eka bhikSuNI ko pradAna kI thii| bhojana kI taraha vastra bhI bhikSu-bhikSuNI paraspara eka dUsare ko pradAna kara sakate the| parantu koI bhikSu kisI bhikSuNI se apane vastroM ko na to dhulavA sakatA thA aura na raMgavA ho sakatA thA / kisI bhikSuNI ke vastra ko sIne athavA usameM sahayoga dene para bhikSu pAcittiya daNDa kA doSo samajhA jAtA thaa|" yahA~ bhikSuNI se tAtparya ajJAtikA bhikSuNI se hai / rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ke anusAra aisI bhikSuNI jisakA bhikSa se usake pitA yA mAtA kI ora se sAta por3hI ke bhItara taka koI sambandha na ho, ajJAtikA bhikSuNI kahalAtI hai| __isa prakAra bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke pArasparika vyavahAra sambandhI kucha maryAdAe~ thIM, jinakA unheM pAlana karanA par3atA thaa| kabhI-kabhI kucha bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke pArasparika sambandha atyanta ghaniSTha ho jAte the| hameM sAhityika tathA A bhalekhika-donoM sAkSyoM se bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke madhya ghaniSTha sambandhoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isakA eka pramukha kAraNa yaha thA ki kabhI-kabhI eka hI parivAra ke sadasya (pati, patnI, bhAI, bahana Adi) eka sAtha pravrajyA grahaNa karate the, isalie pUrva gRhastha-jIvana ke sambandhoM ke kAraNa unameM eka dUsare ke prati ghaniSThatA banI rahatI thii| dhammapada 1. cullavagga, pR0 390. 2. vahI, pR0 390 3. vahI, pR0 388-89. 4. pAtimokkha, bhikkhu nimsa ggiya pAcittiya, 4,5,17. 5. vahI, bhikkhu pAcittiya, 26. 6. sAMkRtyAyana, rAhula "vinaya piTaka' hindI anuvAda, pR0 17.

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bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI ko sthiti : 195 aTrakathA' meM ullekha hai ki eka bhikSu-bhikSuNI sadaiva eka sAtha baiThakara gappa mArA karate the| pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke pahale gRhastha-jIvana meM ve pati-patnI the tathA pravrajyA ke bAda bhI usI sambandha ke AdhAra para gappa mArA karate the-aisI pravRttiyoM kI buddha ne nindA kI thii| isI prakAra majjhimanikAya meM bhikSu-bhikSuNI ke madhya ghaniSTha sambandha kI eka manoraMjaka sUcanA milatI hai / 2 bhikSu moliya phagguNa ke sAmane yadi koI bhikSuNiyoM kI nindA karatA thA to ve aprasanna ho jAte the tathA kalaha bhI kara lete the| isI prakAra bhikSuNiyA~ bhI apane sAmane moliya phagguNa kI burAI nahIM suna sakatI thIM tathA ve bhI asantuSTa ho saMgha ke samakSa adhikaraNa (kalaha) karane lagatI thIM / isa sambandha meM buddha ne svayaM moliya pharagaNa ko upadeza diyA thA ki unheM apane andara rAga kA damana karanA caahie| hama abhilekhoM meM bhikSu-.ikSuNiyoM ko sAtha-sAtha dAna dete huye pAte haiN| amarAvatI se prApta eka bauddha abhilekha (Amaravati Buddhist Sculpture Inscription) meM eka cetiyavaMdaka bhikSu-bhikSuNI (jo gRhasthajIvana meM bhAI-bahana the) dvArA eka sAtha dAna dene kA ullekha hai| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki pravrajyA ke pazcAt bhI bhAI-bahana kI ghaniSThatA ekadama se samApta nahIM ho jAtI thii| isI prakAra amarAvatI se prApta eka anya abhilekha meM bhI bhikSa-bhikSuNI ke sAtha-sAtha dAna dene kA ullekha hai| amarAvatI" se hI prApta eka anya abhilekha meM Aya buddharakSita kI antevAsinI bhikSuNI nandA tathA antevAsika bhikSu kSudra Aryaka ke eka sAtha dAna dene kA ullekha hai| amarAvatI ke hI eka anya abhilekha meM do bhikSuNiyoM ke dAna kA ullekha hai, jo pUrva gRhastha-jIvana meM mAtA evaM putrI thiiN| pravrajyA ke bAda bhI unakA sambandha yathAvata banA rahA / mahApaNDita sAriputra ke sAtha unakI tInoM bahanoM cAlA, upacAlA tathA zizU 1. dhammapada, 16/1. 2. majjhima nikAya, 1/21. 3. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1223. 4. Ibid, 1295. 5. Ibid, 1280. 6. Ibid, 1262.

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196 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI - saMgha pacAlA - ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke ullekha sarvavidita hI haiM / isa prakAra aneka pratibandhoM ke bAvajUda kucha bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke madhya atyanta ghaniSTha sambandha vikasita ho jAte the / isake atirikta, bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke nAmoM ke pahale athavA bAda meM prayukta vizeSaNoM se bhI bhikSuNI kI nimna sthiti kI sUcanA milatI hai / bauddha bhikSuNI ke lie granthoM meM bhikkhunI, AryA tathA therI ( mahAtherI) zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isameM bhI therI athavA mahAtherI zabda kA prayoga bahuta kama huA hai / kevala mahAvaMsa meM hama aneka sthaloM para saMghamitrA ke lie "therI" zabda kA prayoga dekhate haiM / jahA~ taka abhilekhoM kA sambandha hai, bhikSuNiyoM ke lie " thero" zabda kA prayoga bahuta hI kama huA hai / bahuzaH bhikkhunI, antevAsinI tathA pavajitA Adi zabdoM kAhI prayoga huA hai / kevala kanherI bauddha guphA abhilekha ' ( Kanheri Buddhist Cave Inscription ) tathA amarAvatI bauddha pratimA abhilekha (Amaravati Buddhist Sculpture Inscription ) meM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie kramazaH " therI" tathA "bhadantI" zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jabaki isake viparIta bhikSuoM ke lie prAyaH pratyeka avasara para "thera bhadanta" "bhadanta ' athavA "thera" zabda kA prayoga huA hai / eka antara aura draSTavya hai / bhikSuoM ke lie adhikatara " thera bhadanta" zabda eka sAtha prayukta huA hai, jabaki bhikSuNiyoM ke lie aisA kahIM nahIM hai / unake lie "therI" tathA "bhadantI" zabda alaga-alaga hI prayukta hue haiM / abhilekhoM meM prayukta ye zabda bhikSuNI kI tulanA meM bhikSu kI zreSThatA ke sUcaka haiM / isake atirikta abhilekhoM meM bhikSuoM kI ziSyAoM ke rUpa meM bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha haiM jinake lie antevAsinI zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / eka bhikSu kI - ekAdhika antevAsiniyoM ke bhI ullekha haiM / isa prakAra bhikSuoM kI apanI ziSyA tathA antevAsinI huA karatI thIM yadyapi abhilekhoM meM kahIM-kahIM bhikSuNiyoM kI bhI ziSyAoM ke ullekha haiM, jaise kudA bauddha guphA abhilekha" (Kuda Buddhist Cave Inscription ) meM lohitA evaM viSNukA / 1. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1006. 2. Ibid, 1240. 3. Ibid, 1020, 1107, 1128, 1280, 1286. 4. Ibid, 1060. 5. Ibid, 1060.

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bhikSu-bhikSuNo sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti : 197 kI antevAsinI bodhi kA ullekha hai| parantu kahIM bhI kisI bhikSuNI ke ziSya ke rUpa meM kisI bhikSu kA ullekha nahIM milatA-yaha spaSTa rUpa se bhikSa kI zreSThatA kA dyotaka hai| koI puruSa kisI strI kA ziSya nahIM ho sakatA thaa| yadyapi amarAvatI se prApta eka abhilekha (Amaravati Buddhist Stone Inscription) meM eka bhikSaNI ke lie upAdhyAyinI (uvajhAyinI) zabda kA prayoga milatA hai. parantu upayukta tathya ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha kevala bhikSuNiyoM kI hI upAdhyAyinI hotI thI-bhikSu samudAya kI nhiiN| isake atirikta bhI kucha aise ullekha prApta hote haiM, jinake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhikSu kI apekSA bhikSaNo kI sthiti nimna thii| bauddha dharma kA uccatama buddha-pada bhikSuNiyA~ nahI prApta kara sakatI thiiN| aMguttara nikAya ke anusAra isa bAta kI thor3I bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai ki striyA~ samyaka sambaddha ho sakatI haiN| isa uccatama pada ko kevala pUruSa hI prApta kara sakatA thaa| isa prakAra bhikSuNiyoM ko buddhapada kI prApti kI AzA se hI vihIna kara diyA gayA / buddha ne kisI bhI bhikSuNI ko itanI mahattA nahIM pradAna kI thI jitanI ki sAriputra evaM maudgalyAyana ko / buddha ke anusAra ve kisI sAravAna bar3e vRkSa kI sabase bar3I zAkhA the, jinake na rahane para bhikSu-saMgha sUnA-sUnA mAlUma par3atA thaa| isake atirikta, bauddha dharma kI jitanI bhI saMgItiyA~ huI, sabakA adhyakSa koI na koI bhikSu hI huA-koI bhI bhikSuNI adhyakSa pada ko suzobhita na kara sakI, yadyapi jJAna evaM vidyArjana ke kSetra meM ve bhikSuoM se kisI bhI prakAra kama nahIM thiiN| bhikSuNI yogya hote huye bhI kisI bhikSu ko upadeza nahIM de sakatI thii| upadeza dene kA adhikAra kevala bhikSu ko hI thaa| bhikkhanI pAcittiya niyama ke anusAra unheM pratyeka 15veM dina uposatha kI tithi tathA uvAda (upadeza) kA samaya pUchanA par3atA thaa| isa prakAra kevala liMga ke AdhAra para bhikSuNiyoM ko upadeza dene ke adhikAra se vaMcita kara diyA gyaa| isake atirikta upasampadA vAraNA, uposatha Adi ke sambandha meM hama dekhate haiM 1. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1286. 2. aGguttara nikAya, 1 / 15. 3. saMyutta nikAya, 45 / 2 / 3; 45 / 2 / 4.

Page #217
1998 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ki bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSusaMgha ke samakSa ye sAre kArya karane Avazyaka the / isake viparIta, bhikSu kevala bhikSu-saMgha ke prati hI uttaradAyI rahatA thA --- bhikSuNI - saMgha se usakA isa sandarbha meM koI sambandha nahIM thA / parantu uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha dhAraNA nahIM banA lenI cAhie ki bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ atyanta nimna jIvana jItI thIM / yadyapi bhikSu kI 'tulanA meM unakI sthiti nimna thI, kintu isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki saMgha kI ve eka sammAnita sadasyA hotI thIM / jJAna ke kSetra meM bhI ve agraNIM thIM / kozala nareza prasenajita kA bhikSuNI kSemA se dArzanika vArtAlApa tathA zrAvaka vizAkha kA dhammadinnA se dArzanika zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna prApta karanA yaha darzAtA hai ki ve gUr3ha darzana ke kSetra meM pAraMgata thIM tathA kuzalatApUrvaka kisI bhI gaMbhIra viSaya para vArtAlApa kara sakatI thIM / abhilekhoM meM bhI unheM tripiTakA tathA sUtAtikinI kahA gayA hai, jo unakI vidvattA kA paricAyaka hai / isI prakAra zuklA bhikSuNI dvArA mahatI sabhA meM amRtamaya dharmopadeza dene kA ullekha hai / " rAjA-mahArAjA evaM bar3ebar3e rAjakIya adhikArI taka unako praNAma karane evaM unakA abhinandana karane meM apanA gaurava samajhate the / kozala nareza prasenajita dvArA bhikSuNI kSemA kA sammAnapUrvaka abhivAdana karanA yaha dikhAtA hai ki rAjA loga yogya bhikSuNI kA apekSita sammAna karate the / jisa prakAra bhikSu ke sammAna stUpa Adi nirmita hue, usI prakAra bhikSuNiyoM ke sammAna meM bhI kAlAMtara meM stUpa Adi nirmita kiye gaye / kozala meM mahAprajApati gautamI ke sammAnArtha bane huye stUpa evaM usake nikaTa vihAra kA ullekha phAhiyAna ' evaM hva enasAMga donoM ne kiyA hai / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhikSu kI tulanA meM nimna sthiti hone ke bAvajUda bauddha saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna thA / meM tulanA : donoM hI dharmoM meM jAti, liMga, varNa Adi kA bheda kiye binA puruSa aura strI kI samAnatA para bala diyA gayA thA, parantu inakI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA para tatkAlIna sAmAjika mUlyoM kA gaharA prabhAva par3A hai / jAtakakAlIna bhAratIya samAja meM tathA bAda ke yuga meM bhI puruSa kI 'tulanA meM strI kA sthAna nimna thA / isa sAmAjika sthiti kA prabhAva 1. draSTavya - isI grantha kA caturtha adhyAya / 2. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol. I, P. 25. 3. Ibid, Vol. III. P. 260.

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bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandha evaM saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti : 199 zramaNa paramparA ke jaina evaM bauddha dharmoM kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA para spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotA hai / donoM dharmoM meM sadyaH pravajita bhikSu ko cira-pravajita bhikSuNI se zreSTha mAnA gayA thA tathA isI AdhAra para bhikSuNI ko bhikSu kI vandanA tathA abhivAdana Adi karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| donoM dharmoM meM saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA ke sarvocca pada bhikSu ke lie hI surakSita the| donoM dharmoM meM bhikSuNI yogya hote hue bhI kisI bhikSu ko upadeza nahIM de sakatI thii| jaina dharma meM rAjImatI dvArA bhikSu rathanemi ko tathA brAhmI evaM sundarI dvArA bhikSu bAhubali ko upadeza dene kA ApavAdika udAharaNa prApta hotA hai, parantu isake atirikta anya kisI bhI sAhityika athavA Abhilekhika sAkSya meM kiso bhikSuNI ko bhikSu ke upadezaka ke rUpa meM prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| bhikSuNiyA~ kevala gRhasthajanoM ko hI dharmopadeza de sakatI thiiN| isake atirikta donoM dharmoM meM bhikSu kI ziSyAoM ke rUpa meM bhikSu'NiyoM ke ullekha haiM, parantu bhikSugI ke ziSya ke rUpa meM kisI bhikSu kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA hai| __jaina evaM bauddha-donoM dharmoM ke bhikSu-bhikSuNI sambandhoM kA samyak anuzIlana karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki donoM saMghoM meM bhikSu kI apekSAkRtaM bhikSuNI kI sthiti nimna thI yadyapi samAja meM use gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa|

Page #219
aSTama adhyAya bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hAsa jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hrAsa jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha ke vikAsa kA itihAsa jaina dharma ke vikAsa ke itihAsa se abhinna rUpa se jur3A huA hai| kaivalyajJAna ke pazcAt mahAvIra dharma-pracArArtha lagabhaga 30 varSoM taka nirantara bhramaNa karate rhe| unake bhramaNa-kSetra meM mukhyataH uttara pradeza kA pUrvI bhAga, adhikAMza bihAra evaM baMgAla ke pazcimI jile sammilita the| campA (bhAgalapura), vaizAlI, rAjamRha, mithilA, kAzI, kozala (zrAvastI), kauzAmbI, pAvA Adi pradezoM meM unhoMne apanA varSAvAsa vyatIta kiyA thaa| ina sthaloM meM jaina bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI-saMgha kA bhI prasAra huA hogA-yaha anumAna sahaja hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| ... prArambhika kAla meM uparyukta kSetroM meM hI jaina dharma kA prasAra thA, isakA samarthana una jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para bhI hotA hai, jinameM yAtrA Adi ke sambandha meM bhikSa-bhikSaNiyoM ko kucha nadiyoM tathA nagaroM kI sImA kA atikramaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| bRhatkalpasUtra ke anusAra bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko bhikSA-vRtti athavA yAtrA ke lie pUrva meM aMga-magadha taka, pazcima meM sthUNa deza (sthAnezvara) taka, dakSiNa meM kauzAmbI taka tathA uttara meM kuNAla deza (zrAvastI) taka jAne kI anumati thii| bRhatkalpasUtra meM hI pA~ca mahAnadiyoM gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, kozikA tathA mahI-kA ullekha hai| ina nadiyoM ko pAra kara kabhI-kabhI to Ane-jAne kI anumati dI gayI thI-para inheM kaI bAra pAra karanA niSiddha thA; kAlAntara meM bhASyakAra ne mahAnadI se tAtparya sindhu evaM brahmaputra jaisI bar3I nadiyoM se bhI lagAyA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki ina granthoM ke racanAkAla taka jaina dharma itane hI kSetroM taka sImita thA / bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko isa sImA ke bhItara hI yAtrA Adi. 1. bRhatkalpasUtra, 1/52. 2. vahI, 4/34.

Page #220
bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hrAsa : 201 karane kA nirdeza nizcaya hI unakI suvidhAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara diyA gayA thaa| isa maryAdita kSetra meM bhojana-pAna kI sulabhatA thI tathA yahA~ ke rahane vAle loga bhI jaina dharma ke AcAra-vicAra se paricita the / isa sImA kA atikramaNa karane para unheM asuvidhA ho sakatI thI / ataH jaise-jaise jaina dharma kA prabhAva vistRta hotA gayA, bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kI yAtrA kI kSetrIya sImA kA bhI vistAra hotA gyaa| bRhatkalpabhASya' meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko 253 dezoM meM yAtrA karane kI anumati dI gayI hai| ye deza Arya-kSetra mAne jAte the, jinameM magadha, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, kAzI kozala, kuru, pAMcAla, (kaoNmpilya) saurya, jAMgala (ahicchatra), saurASTra, videha, vatsa (kauzAmbI), saMDibbha (nandipura), vaccha (vairATa), malaya (bhaddilapura), accha (varaNA), dazArNa, cedi, sindhu-sauvIra, bhRga (pAvA), kuNAla (zrAvastI), koTivarSa (lAr3ha) aura kekaya-ardha haiN| spaSTa hai ki bhASya ke racanA-kAla taka jaina dharma kA prasAra vistRta kSetra meM ho cukA thaa| aba yaha sImA bar3hakara pazcima meM saurASTra se lekara, pUrva meM lAr3ha (baMgAla-asama) taka, uttara meM videha (nepAla kI sImA) se lekara dakSiNa . meM ur3IsA taka pahu~ca gayI thii| abhilekhoM se bhI upayukta kSetroM meM jaina dharma ke prasAra kI puSTi hotI hai| dvitIya evaM prathama zatI IsvI pUrva meM mathurA jaina dharma ke eka pramakha kendra ke rUpa meM vikasita huaa| vahA~ se prApta abhilekhoM meM aneka jaina bhikSaNiyoM ko dAna dete hae dikhAyA gayA hai| adhikAMza abhilekha prathama zatAbdI IsvI arthAt kaniSka ke kAla ke haiN| spaSTa hai ki isa samaya taka uttarI bhArata meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva phaila cukA thaa| magadha jaina dharma kA prasiddha sthala thA / anuzruti ke anusAra magadha nareza bimbisAra tathA usake uttarAdhikArI ajAtazatru ke sAtha mahAvIra ke ghaniSTha sambandha the / nanda rAjA bhI jaina dharmAvalambI pratIta hote haiN| prathama zatAbdI IsA pUrva ke hAthIgamphA abhilekha se yaha patA calatA hai ki kaliMga (ur3IsA) kI eka jina-pratimA ko nandarAjA kaliMga se le gayA thA / 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 3263. 2. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 16, 18, 24, 32, 39,:48,50, 70,75,86, 99,117,121.etc... 3. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. 20, P. 72.

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202 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha hAthIguphA abhilekha se hI kaliMga (ur3IsA) meM caturtha zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM jaina dharma ke vartamAna hone kI sUcanA milatI hai / yaha zilAlekha " namo arahaMtAnaM namo savasidhAnaM" se prArambha hotA hai / abhilekha ko utkIrNa karAne vAle kaliMga nareza khAravela ke 300 varSa pUrva nandarAjA kaliMga se jina pratimA le gayA thA / isameM kisI jaina bhikSuNI kA nAmo'llekha nahIM haiM, parantu isa kSetra meM jaina dharma ke prasAra kI puSTi hotI hai / ujjayinI bhI jaina dharma kA eka prasiddha kendra thA / bRhatkalpabhASyakAra ke anusAra azoka kA pautra samprati jainadharmAvalambI thA / samprati ne mAlavA aura usake nikaTavartI kSetroM para rAjya kiyA thA / yaha - batAyA jAtA hai ki apane pitAmaha kI nIti kA anusaraNa karate hue usane anda (Andhra ), damila ( dravir3a ) tathA maharaTTa (mahArASTra) Adi rAjyoM meM dhArmika pracAra kiyA / kAlakAcArya tathA ujjayinI ke rAjA gardabhilla ko kathA' se bhI ujjayinI meM jaina dharma ke pracAra kI puSTi hotI hai / yaha bhikSuNiyoM kA bhI kendra thA, kyoMki ujjayinI ke hI rAjA gardabhilla ne kAlakAcArya kI bhikSuNI bahana sarasvatI kA apaharaNa kiyA thA / dvitIya zatAbdI IsvI ke jUnAgar3ha ( kAThiyAvAr3a) ke eka abhilekha se vahA~ jaina dharma ke pracAra kI puSTi hotI hai / isa abhilekha meM kucha vyaktiyoM ko kevalajJAna se yukta (kevalajJAnaprAptAnAm ) batAyA gayA hai / dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI IsA pUrva kI zatAbdiyoM meM jaina dharma ke pracAra kI puSTi hotI hai / jaina anuzruti ke anusAra magadha kA samrATa candragupta jaina muni bhadrabAhu ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata gayA thA / zravaNavelagola ke pAsa sthita candragirI parvata ko isI samrATa se sambaddha kiyA jAtA hai / uttara bhArata ke bhayaMkara akAla se bacane ke lie caturtha zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM dakSiNa bhArata kI ora prasthAna karanA isakA saMketa karatA hai ki usake bhI pUrva dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma kA kucha na kucha pracAra avazya ho gayA thA / isakI puSTi bauddha granthoM se bhI hotI hai / siMhalI grantha mahAvasa ke anusAra pANDugAbhaya rAjA ne anurAdhapura nAmaka rAjadhAnI meM 1. bRhatkalpa bhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 3275-89. 2. nizItha vizeSa cUrNa, 2760. 3. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. 16, P. 241. 3

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bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hrAsa : 203 kucha bhavanoM kA nirmANa nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke lie kiyA thaa| yaha rAjA azoka ke bahuta pUrva huA thaa| itane prAcIna kAla meM zrIlaMkA meM jaina dharma kA pracAra yaha dyotita karatA hai ki usa samaya taka avazya hI jaina dharma dakSiNa bhArata meM pahu~ca cukA thA / sambhavatayA zrIlaMkA meM jaina dharma kA prasAra dakSiNa bhArata hotA haA hI gayA hogaa| parantu dakSiNa bhArata meM koI purAnA Abhilekhika sAkSya nahIM prApta hotaa| sabase prathama zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha prApta hote haiM, jo 600 IsvI ke pUrva ke nahIM haiM / bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM ke samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra huaa| isakI puSTi kolhApura se prApta tAmrapatroM tathA aihola, dhAravANa Adi se prApta zilAlekhoM se hotI hai, jinameM jaina mandiroM ke nirmANa tathA unakI samucita vyavasthA ke lie bhUmi-dAna ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra jaina dharma kA prasAra pUrva se pazcima kI ora phailatA huA 'dikhAyI par3atA hai, parantu apane isa vistAra meM vaha ekIkRta dharma nahIM raha gayA thA, apitu kaI gaNoM, gacchoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA thaa| mathurA se prApta jaina abhilekhoM meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke vibhinna gaNoM evaM kuloM kA ullekha hai-yathA 1. AryA jIvA vAraNagaNa, AryahAttakIya kula, vArjanAgarI zAkhA kI thii| 2. AryA kSudrA koTTiya gaNa, brahmadAsika kula, ucchai garI zAkhA kI thii| 3. AryA vasulA maidhika kula kI thii|" ___4. AryA akkA vAraNa gaNa, Arya hAttakIya kula, vArjanAgarI zAkhA, zrIka sambhoga kI thii| 1. mahAvasaM, 10/97-100. 2. Rastrakuta And Their Times, P. 272-74. 3. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 67, 99. 4. Ibid, 18. -5. Ibid, 70. 6. Ibid, 48.

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204 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha . 5. AryA dhAmathA koTTiya gaNa, sthAnIya kula, vajrI zAkhA kI thii| 6. AryA sAditA vAraNa gaNa, nAdika kula kI thii| 7. AryA zyAmA koTTiya gaNa, brahmadAsika kula ucchai garI zAkhA, zrIka sambhoga kI thii| - isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prathama zatAbdI IsvI meM hI jaina-bhikSu. NiyA~ vibhinna gaNoM meM vibhAjita ho gaI thiiN| gaNa bhI kaI kuloM tathA zAkhAoM meM ba~Ta gaye the| sAhityika evaM Abhilekhika sAkSyoM se jaina dharma ke bhikSu tathA bhikSuNI-saMgha ke sambandha meM aise aneka ullekha prApta hote haiM, jinase yaha spaSTatayA sUcanA milatI hai ki jaina saMgha 1200 IsvI tathA usake pazcAt bhI phalatA-phUlatA rahA / dakSiNa bhArata ke abhilekhoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ke samAdhi-maraNa tathA dAna ke aneka ullekha prApta hote haiM / jaise : 1-ajigaNa kI sAdhvI rAjImatI zaka saMvat 622 (700 I0) meM samAdhimaraNa ko prApta huii| 2-ziSyA nANabbekanti zaka saMvat 893 meM samAdhimaraNa ko prApta 3-sAdhvI kAlabbe zaka saMvat 1126 (1214 I0) meM samAdhimaraNa ko prApta huii|6 uttara bhArata meM bhI jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI nirantaratA kI sUcanA milatI hai| 1-kharatagaccha ke prasiddha AcArya jinezvara sUri kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1080 (1023 I0) mAnA jAtA hai| inake gaccha meM marudevI nAmaka AryA gaNinI kA ullekha milatA hai "marudevI nAma ajjA gnninnii"|" 2-jinadatta sUri, jinhoMne vikrama saMvat 1141 meM dIkSA grahaNa kI. thI, ke gaccha meM 1000 sAdhviyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 1. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 75. 2. Ibid. 117. 3. Ibid, 121. 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga prathama, pR0 317. 5. vahI, bhAga dvitIya, pR0 197. 6. vahI, bhAga prathama, pR0 379. 7. kharataragaccha kA itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pR0 12.. 8. kharataragaccha paTTAvalI, pR0 10.

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bhikSuNI saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hrAsa : 205 3 - vikrama saMvat 1214 meM dIkSA grahaNa karane vAle jinacandra sUri ke gaccha meM homadevI nAmaka bhikSuNI ko pravartinI pada dene kA ullekha hai / isake sAtha hI jaga zrI sarasvatI, guNa zrI Adi sAdhviyoM ke ullekha haiM / ' 4 -- isI prakAra kharataragaccha ke hI jinezvara sUri (vikrama saMvat 1255 meM dIkSA grahaNa) ke samaya hemazrI nAmaka mahattarA kA ullekha hai / " 5 - vikrama saMvat 1347 meM sUri ke gaccha meM 105 sAdhviyoM ke 6 - vikrama saMvat 1389 meM AcArya jinodaya sUri ne apanI bahana kilhU ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / dIkSA grahaNa karane vAle jinakuzala ullekha haiM / 3 isa prakAra prAya: sampUrNa bhArata meM 1200 IsvI tathA usake pazcAt bhI jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiM / jaina bhikSuNiyoM kA astitva Aja bhI hai aura Azcaryajanaka rUpa se unakI saMkhyA jaina bhikSuoM se kahIM jyAdA hai / bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hAsa bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ke vikAsa kA itihAsa bhI bauddha dharma ke vikAsa ke sAtha abhinna rUpa se jur3A huA hai / anukUla paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa bauddha dharma kA jaise-jaise vistAra bar3hatA gayA, bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA prasAra bhI phailatA gayA / mahAtmA buddha ne jJAna prApti ke bAda 45 varSoM taka itastataH paribhramaNa karake dharmopadeza ke mAdhyama se bauddha dharma kI nIMva ko atyanta majabUta banA diyA thA / yadyapi bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA bhikSu saMgha kI sthApanA ke bAda aura vaha bhI sandehazIla vAtAvaraNa meM huI thI; parantu kucha samaya ke anantara hI yaha bauddha saMgha kA eka Avazyaka aMga ho gayA aura boddha dharma ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM isane eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI / 1. kharataragaccha kA itihAsa, prathama khaNDa pR0 44-45. 2. vahI, prathama khaNDa, pR0 108. 3. kharataragaccha paTTAvalI, pR0 30. 4. kharataragaccha kA itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pR0 182.

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206 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNo-saMgha ___ dvitIya bauddha saMgIti ke bAda bauddha dharma eka ekIkRta (akhaNDa) dharma ke rUpa meM nahIM raha gayA thA, apitu kaI nikAyoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA thaa| bAda meM vibhAjita bauddha dharma kA citra hI hamAre samAne upasthita hotA hai| tRtIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva arthAt samrATa azoka ke samaya taka bauddha dharma meM vikasita hue 18 nikAyoM kA patA calatA hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki vAstavika arthoM meM bAda ke bauddha dharma kA itihAsa nikAyoM kA itihAsa hai| isI prakAra bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa bhI unhIM bauddha nikAyoM kA vikAsa hai, jisakI ve sadasyA thIM / yadyapi kisI bhikSaNI ke kisI vizeSa nikAya ke saMgha meM praviSTa hone athavA usakA sadasya banane kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| bhikSu ke sandarbha meM hI usake kisI viziSTa nikAya ke sadasya hone kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| aise sthAnoM se prApta bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve usa sthAna para vikasita nikAya kI sadasyAeM thiiN| bhAratabhara meM bikhare hue abhilekhoM ke prApti-sthala evaM granthoM vizeSakaratherIgAthA ko aTThakathA (paramatthadIpanI) ke mAdhyama se bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ke prasAra ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| abhilekhoM meM bhikSaNiyoM dvArA diye gaye dAnoM kA ullekha hai| ataH jina sthAnoM para bhikSuNiyoM ke dAnoM kA ullekha hai, vahA~-vahA~ bhikSuNiyA~ athavA unakA koI choTA yA bar3A saMgha avazya rahA hogA-yaha anumAna sahaja hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| uttara bhArata meM prasAra uttara bhArata meM bauddha dharma kA prabhAva atyanta prabala thaa| buddha dvArA vyatIta kiye hue varSAvAsoM se pratIta hotA hai ki unakA vicaraNa sthala bhI mukhya rUpa se inhIM kSetroM meM thA / sAranAtha, kauzAmbI, kozala (zrAvastI) vaizAlI, magadha, campA, rAjagRha, mathurA, kapilavastu, bodha gayA Adi ve mahattvapUrNa sthala the, jahA~ unake jIvanakAla meM hI bauddha dharma atyanta prabhAvazAlI ho gayA thA aura usI ke sAtha hI bhikSuNI-saMgha bhI eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thaa| tRtIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM azoka ne tathA prathama zatAbdI IsvI meM kuSANa kaniSka ne bauddha dharma ke vikAsa meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA thaa| lagabhaga isI samaya se prApta abhilekhoM se hameM bauddha dharma kI vyApakatA kI sUcanA milatI hai|

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bhikSuNI saMgha kA vikAsa evaM hrAsa : 207 1 4 / sA~cI, sAranAtha, kauzAmbI evaM bhAbrU (jayapura ke pAsa vairATa) meM prApta azoka ke abhilekhoM meM utkIrNa "bhikSuNI" tathA " bhikSuNIsaMgha" zabda yaha spaSTa dyotita karatA hai ki tRtIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva ke samaya taka ye sthala bhikSuNI kendra ke rUpa meM sthApita ho cuke the / sA~cI, sAranAtha evaM kauzAmbI ke abhilekhoM meM bauddha saMgha meM bheda paidA karane vAle bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ko cetAvanI dI gayI hai bhAbrU abhilekha meM bhikSu -- bhikSuNiyoM ko kucha pustakeM par3hane evaM una para manana karane kI salAha dI gayI hai / sAranAtha paravartI kAla meM bhI eka prasiddha bhikSuNI kendra ke rUpa meM banA rahA; sAranAtha sammitiya nikAya kA prasiddha kendra thA / prathama zatAbdI IsvI ( zaka saMvat, 81) ke eka lekha meM bhikSuNI buddhamitrA ko "piTikA" kahA gayA hai, jo apane AcArya bala ke samAna tInoM piTakoM meM pAraMgata thI / sambhavataH yaha bhikSuNiyoM kI zikSA kA bhIM mahAna kendra thA / uttara bhArata meM zrAvastI bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA eka anya mahattvapUrNa sthala thA / yahIM seTha anAthapiNDika kA prasiddha jetavana vihAra thA jahA~ buddha prAyaH vizrAma kiyA karate the / buddha ne sabase adhika varSAvAsa yahIM vyatIta kiyA thA zrAvastI (Aja kA saheTha - maheTha) kozala kA pramukha zahara thA / buddhakAlIna kozala nareza prasenajita ke sAtha hI bhikSuNI kSemA kA prasiddha dArzanika vArtAlApa huA thA / bhikSuNI kSemA ne nareza ke gambhIra dArzanika praznoM kA vidvattApUrNa uttara diyA thA / zrAvastI meM hI bhikSuNiyoM kA prasiddha rAjakArAma vihAra thA / sambhavataH prasenajita ne gautamI mahAprajApati ke lie eka vihAra banavAyA thA, jisake bhagna khaNDaharoM ko phAhiyAna tathA hva enasAMga' donoM ne dekhA thA / hva enasAMga yahA~ 1. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. I. P. 160, 2. Ibid, P. 161. 3. Ibid, P. 159. 4. Ibid, P. 172. 5. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 925. 6. saMyuktta nikAya, 42 / 1 . 7. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol. I, p. 25. 8. Ibid, Vol III. P. 260.

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- 208 : jena aura boddha bhikSuNI - saMgha sammittiya nikAya kA ullekha karatA hai / abhilekhoM meM yahA~ sarvAstivAdI AcAryoM kA ullekha hai / bauddha dhArmika sthaloM meM kapilavastu kA apanA eka alaga mahattva thA / yaha buddha kI janmasthalI thI / bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kA sarvaprathama prayAsa gautamI mahAprajApati ne yahIM para kiyA thA / parantu buddha ne usakI prathama prArthanA ko asvIkAra kara diyA thA / jisa nyagrodha vRkSa ke nIce pUrva kI ora muMha karake baiThe huye buddha ke samakSa saMghATI liye huye gautamI upasthita huI thI -- usI sthala para isa ghaTanA kI smRti ke lie eka stambha (TAvara) banA huA thA, jisako caturtha zatAbdI IsvI meM phAhiyAna ne dekhA thA / bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke lie vaizAlI bhI eka mahattvapUrNa sthala thA / vaizAlI meM hI sthavira Ananda ke prayAsa ke phalasvarUpa buddha ne bhikSuNIsaMgha kI sthApanA kI svIkRti pradAna kI thI / bauddha bhikSuNI AmrapAlI ne buddha ko yahIM para dAna diyA thaa| vahIM para nirmita eka stambha kA ullekha phAhiyAna tathA hvenasAMga donoM ne kiyA hai / 3 .115 mathurA bhI bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA eka pramukha sthala thA / abhilekhoM se patA calatA hai ki yaha jaina dharma kA bhI pramukha kendra thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ donoM dharma eka dUsare se prabhAvita lagate haiM / udAharaNasvarUpamathurA se prApta do jaina abhilekhoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ko "antevAsinI' kahA gayA hai tathA devariyA se prApta eka bauddha abhilekha meM eka bauddha bhikSuNI ko " zizinI" kahA gayA hai, jabaki sAmAnya rUpa se jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko " zizinI" kahane kI pravRtti thI / yahA~ Ananda kI smRti meM eka stambha banA huA thA, jahA~ bhikSuNiyA~ unheM sammAna pradarzita karatI thIM / kyoMki vaha Ananda hI the jinake prayAsa se bhikSuNiyA~ bauddha saMgha meM dIkSita huyI thIM / 1. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 918, 919. 2. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol. I, P. 29. 3. Ibid, Vol, 1, P. 32. 4. Ibid, Vol, III P. 309. 5. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 67, 99. - 6. Ibid, 910. 7. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol, I, P. 22,

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bhikSuNI - saMgha kA vikAsa evaM sthiti : 209 pazcima bhArata meM prasAra pazcima bhArata meM bhI bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA prasAra prathama zatAbdI IsvI taka pUrNa ho cukA thA / kanherI, kArle, bhAjA, kudA, nAsika, junnAra Adi se prApta abhilekhoM se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ye sthala bhikSuNiyoM ke prasiddha kendra ke rUpa meM kaI zatiyoM taka vartamAna rahe / kanherI se prApta eka abhilekha' meM eka bhikSuNI ko " therI" kahA gayA hai / yaha vizeSaNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki kisI bhI anya abhilekha meM hama bhikSuNI ke lie " therI" zabda nahIM pAte / abhilekhoM meM thera, thera bhadanta athavA bhadanta kA sammAnasUcaka vizeSaNa kevala bhikSuoM ke lie prayukta huA hai / kanherI meM bhadrAyaNIya nikAya ke AcArya the / junnAra bhI bhikSuNiyoM kA pramukha sthala thA / yahA~ dharmottarIya zAkhA (theravAdI nikAya) ke bhikSuNI - vihAra banavAye jAne kA ullekha hai ! sambhavataH zrAvastI ke rAjakArAma vihAra ke samAna yahA~ bhI bhikSuNiyA~ sthAyI rUpa se nivAsa karatI thIM / dakSiNa bhArata meM prasAra bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA dakSiNa bhArata meM sarvAdhika prasiddha sthala amarAvatI thA / isakA vikAsa sAtavAhanoM ke yuga arthAt lagabhaga dvitIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva se prArambha huA thA jo kaI zatAbdiyoM taka calatA rahA / yaha cetiyavandaka ( mahAsAMghika ) nikAya kA prasiddha kendra thA / amarAvatI vyApArika dRSTi se bhI eka mahattvapUrNa sthala thA / yahA~ bhikSuNiyoM dvArA diye gaye dAnoM kI eka lambI sUcI milatI hai / yahA~ se prApta bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita kucha anya tathya mahattvapUrNa haiM / yahA~ eka bhikSuNI bodhi ko "bhadantI" vizeSaNa se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai jo kanherI ke "therI" zabda ke samAna hI mahattvapUrNa hai / bhikSuNI ke lie "bhadantI" zabda kA prayoga anyatra kahIM nahIM milatA / yaha kSetra zikSA kA bhI eka pramukha kendra thA / vinayadhara Arya punarvasu kI ziSyA samudrikA kA ullekha hai jise " upAdhyAyinI "" kahA gayA hai / spaSTa hai ki bhikSuNiyA~ vidyA ke kSetra meM 14 1. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1006. 2. Ibid, 1171. 3. Ibid, 1240. 4. Ibid, 1286. 14

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210 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSumI saMgha agraNI thIM aura sambhavataH adhyApana bhI kara sakatI thiiN| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki sampUrNa uttarI bhArata ke kiso bhI abhilekha meM kisI bhikSuNI ko "upAdhyAyinI" nahIM kahA gayA hai, jabaki kucha bhikSuNiyoM ko "piTikA"1 tathA kucha ko "sUtAtikinI'2 kahA gayA hai arthAt ve tInoM piTakoM tathA sUtroM meM pAraMgata thiiN| amarAvatI se hI prApta eka abhilekha meM eka bhikSuNI buddharakSitA ko "navakammaka" kahA gayA hai jo vihAroM Adi ke nirmANa kA kArya karatI thI athavA unake nirmANa meM sahayoga pradAna karatI thii| ___sambhavataH amarAvatI meM bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ adhika lokapriya thiiN| dAna dene ke sandarbha meM Azcaryajanaka rUpa se bhikSuNiyoM kI saMkhyA bhikSuoM se kahIM jyAdA hai| yahA~ eka bhikSu-bhikSuNI ke sAtha-sAtha dAna dene kA ullekha hai jo saMgha meM praveza lene ke pahale bhAI-bahana the| dakSiNa bhArata meM nAgArjunIkoNDA bhI bauddha dharma kA eka prasiddha sthala thaa| amarAvatI evaM nAgArjunIkoNDA donoM nagara kRSNA nadI ke taTa para base hue the aura inake bIca kI dUrI 100 ki0 mI0 se adhika nahIM thii| para yaha Azcaryajanaka sA pratIta hotA hai ki vahA~ se prApta kisI bhI abhilekha meM kisI bhikSuNI kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai jabaki icchvAku nareza kI rAniyoM tathA anya upAsikAoM dvArA die gae dAnoM kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki dvitIya-prathama zatAbdI IsvI pUrva taka sampUrNa bhArata meM bauddha dharma evaM usake sAtha hI bhikSuNI-saMgha kA prasAra ho cukA thA / abhilekhoM evaM graMthoM se dekhA jAye to tRtIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva se lekara tRtIya zatAbdI IsvI taka kA kAla bauddha bhikSuNIsaMgha kA svarNa kAla thaa| nizcaya hI bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha apanI sthApanA ke prArambhika dinoM meM tathA bAda ke kucha samaya taka apane saiddhAntika tathA naitika niyamoM kI zreSThatA ke kAraNa mahatI vikAsa ko prApta huaa| parantu isake pazcAt bhikSuNI-saMgha kA dhIre-dhIre hrAsa honA prArambha huaa| tRtIya-caturtha zatAbdI IsvI ke pazcAt sAhityika evaM Abhilekhika sAkSyoM meM bhikSuNiyoM tathA unase sambandhita ullekhoM meM kamI honI 1. List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 319. 2. Ibid, 38. 3. Ibid, 1250. 4. Ibid, 1223.

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bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM sthiti : 211 prArambha ho jAtI hai| isa sambandha meM DaoN. ananta sadAziva altekara kA kathana hai ki bhikSuNI-saMgha cauthI zatAbdI taka samApta ho gayA thaa|' parantu unake isa mata se sahamata honA kaThina hai| bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke astitva ko sUcanA 7vIM-8vIM zatAbdI taka prApta hotI hai / pA~cavIM zatI meM tathA sAtavIM zatI ke prArambha tathA anta meM Ane vAle cInI yAtriyoM ne deza meM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| phAhiyAna' tathA hvenasAMga donoM ne mathurA meM sthavira Ananda ke stUpa ko bauddha bhikSuNiyoM dvArA pUjA karate hue dekhA thaa| isI prakAra sAtavIM zatI ke anta meM Ane vAle cInI yAtrI itsiga ne bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI upasthiti kA pramANa diyA hai| itsiga ko apane deza (cIna) kI bhikSuNiyoM tathA bhArata kI bhikSuNiyoM ke madhya kucha bhinnatA dikhAyI par3I thii| itsiga kA varNana yaha sUcita karatA hai ki usa samaya taka abhI bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA astitva thA / isake atirikta sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI meM racita saMskRta sAhitya se bhI bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI sUcanA milatI hai| sAtavIM zatAbdI (harSa kA rAjyakAla) meM bANabhaTTa dvArA racita harSacarita meM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke vartamAna hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| rAjyazrI tAmbulavAhinI patralatA se harSa ke pAsa sandeza bhijavAtI hai ki use kASAya vastra dhAraNa karane kI anujJA dI jAye "ataH kASAya grahaNAbhyanujJayAnu gRhyatAmayam puNya 1. Nunneries had gone out of vogue by the 4th century A. D. Chinese piligrims of the 5th and 7th century A. D. do not refer to them at all. -Education in Ancient India., p. 220. 2. The Bhikshunis principally hononr the tower of Anand, because it was Anand who requested the lord of the world to let women take orders. --Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol I, P. 22 3. Ibid, Vol. II, P. 213. 4. "Nuns in India are very different from those of China. They support themselves by begging food, and live a poor and simple life" Takakuru--A Record of the Buddhist Practices, p. 80. -Epigraphia Indica. Vol. 25, p. 34.

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212 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha bhAjanam / " isake uttara meM harSavarddhana kahatA hai ki jaba maiM kArya samApta kara lUMgA, taba hama donoM kASAya vastra phneNge| "iyaM tu grahISyati mayeva samaM samAptakRtyena kASAyaNi |"'yhaaN "kASAya" vastra dhAraNa karane se tAtparya bauddha bhikSa evaM bhikSuNI hone se hai| harSacarita meM AcArya divAkara mitra ko jinake sadprayatnoM se rAjyazrI kA patA lagA thA, kASAya vastra dhAraNa kiye huye bauddha bhikSu ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AThavIM zatAbdI meM bhavabhUti ne apane mAlaptImAdhava nAmaka nATaka meM saugata parivAjikA kAmandakI kA ullekha kiyA hai| usakI tIna ziSyAeM bhI thIM jinake nAma avalokitA, buddharakSitA tathA saudAminI haiN| isI prakAra subandhu (jinakA samaya kucha vidvAna harSa ke pUrva tathA kucha pazcAt batAte haiM) ne apane vAsavadattA nAmaka grantha meM eka bauddha bhikSaNI kA varNana kiyA hai| vaha bhikSuNI lAla vastra (kASAya) dhAraNa karane vAlI tathA tArA kI bhakta batAyI gayI hai| uparyukta udAharaNoM se AThavIM zatAbdI IsvI taka bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke vartamAna hone kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt koI bhI aisA sAkSya nahIM haiM jo bauddha bhikSaNiyoM ke vartamAna hone kI sUcanA de / yaha sambhava hai ki isake pazcAt bhI chiTa-puTa kucha bhikSuNiyA~ rahI hoM, para unake sambandha meM hameM koI bhI sAkSya prApta nahIM hotA hai| ataH bhArata meM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke astitva kI yahI antima sImA mAnI jA sakatI hai| bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA hrAsa bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ke hrAsa kI prakriyA tRtIya-caturtha zatAbdI IsvI se hI prArambha ho jAtI hai| caturtha zatAbdI IsvI meM Ane vAle cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna ne kevala mathurA meM bhikSuNiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne prAyaH pUre bhAratavarSa kA bhramaNa kiyA thaa| hvenasAMga ne vihAroM tathA unameM rahane vAle bhikSuoM kA jo vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai-usase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki samUha ke rUpa meM usa samaya kevala mathurA meM hI kucha bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kA astitva raha gayA thaa| hvenasAMga ke vivaraNa se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki zrAvastI evaM kapilavastu (jo bhikSuNiyoM ke pramukha kendra the) ke vihAra pUrI taraha 1. harSacarita-aSTama ucchvAsa /

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bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM sthiti : 113 naSTa ho cuke the| lagabhaga isI samaya ke abhilekhoM evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM meM bhikSuNiyoM kI atyalpa sUcanA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ aba chiTa-puTa hI raha gayI thIM tathA saMgha evaM samAja meM aba unakI koI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nahIM raha gaI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nAriyA~ bhikSuNI saMghoM meM praveza kI aba utanI icchuka nahIM thiiN| prArambhika kAla meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kA sabase pramukha yogadAna aisI nAriyoM ko Azraya pradAna karanA thA jinake pati, pitA yA bhAI pravrajyA grahaNa kara lete the athavA unakI mRtyu ho jAtI thI / aisI striyA~ nirAzrita ho jAtI thIM tathA samAja meM unake lie apekSita sthAna nahIM raha jAtA thaa| paravartIkAla meM striyoM kI sAmAjika sthiti yadyapi nimna hI thI parantu striyoM ko aba sampatti sambandhI adhikAra pradAna kie jAne lage the| dvitIya tRtIya zatAbdI IsvI ke dharmazAstrakAroM ne striyoM ko sampatti sambandhI adhikAra pradAna kie aura unakI surakSA tathA jIvananirvAha ke sambandha meM vibhinna niyama banAe / yAjJavalkya smRti ke anusAra strI aura bAlaka kisI bhI sthiti meM upahAra kI vastu nahIM ho sakate / vaziSTha dharmasUtra ke anusAra pati apane patnI kI samucita vyavasthA kie binA dUra-yAtrA para nahIM nikala sakatA thaa| yadi puruSa dUsarA vivAha karatA thA, to use apanI prathama patnI ke jIvana-nirvAha kI samucita vyavasthA karanI par3atI thii| isI prakAra kAlAntara meM strI-dhana ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA gyaa| manu ne strIdhana ke 6 prakAra batAyA hai| 1-2-3. pitA-mAtA-bhAI ke dvArA diyA gayA dhana, 4. pati ke dvArA diyA gayA dhana, 5-6. vivAha ke samaya pitAgRha meM prApta upahAra tathA patigRha meM prApta upahAra / __sampatti sambandhI adhikAra prApta ho jAne para saMrakSaka ke na rahane para bhI striyoM ke sAmane jIvana-nirvAha kI aba utanI kaThina samasyA nahIM raha gaI, ataH jaba strI ko sAmAjika tathA Arthika surakSA prApta ho gaI 1. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Vol. III, P. 259, 268. 2. Position of Women in Hindu Civilization, p. 252. 3. yAjJavalkya smRti, 2/175 / 4. vaziSTha dharmasUtra, 28/2 / 5. manusmRti, 9/194 /

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214 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha to saMgha meM praveza karane kA aba utanA AkarSaNa nahIM raha gayA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dvitIya-tRtIya zatAbdI ke pazcAt bahuta kama nAriyA~ saMgha meM praveza letI thiiN| paravartIkAla meM bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ supratiSThita niyamoM ke pratikUla AcaraNa karane lagI thiiN| mAlatImAdhava meM kAmandakI, avalokitA aura buddharakSitA ke varNana se unake AcArika patana kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| mAlatI tathA mAdhava kA vivAha karAne meM bhikSuNI kAmandakI ke utsAha ko dekhakara usakI ziSyA avalokitA ko Azcarya hotA hai|' avalokitA kahatI hai ki bhojana ke samaya ko chor3akara kAmandakI kA sArA samaya mAlatI kA anusaraNa karane meM bIta jAtA hai| isI prakAra bhikSuNI buddharakSitA saMnyAsa jIvana meM bhI kAmazAstra ke jJAna kA upayoga karatI hai tathA premI-yugala ke kAmabhAva ko uttejita karatI hai / bhikkhunI-pAtimokkha niyama ke anusAra divya-zakti kA pradarzana aparAdha thA / parantu mAlatImAdhava meM bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ divya zakti kA pradarzana kara premI yugala ko paraspara milavAne kA kArya karatI haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki ye ullekha virodhI pakSa dvArA prastuta hone ke kAraNa kucha atirekapUrNa hoN| bhikkhunI pAtimokkha niyama ke anusAra coranI yA aparAdhinI nArI ko upasampadA denA niSiddha thaa| saMgha meM praveza karane ke pazcAta aparAdhinI nArI daNDa se mukta ho jAtI thii| zrAvastI kI eka strI kA udAharaNa prApta hotA hai jisane para puruSa se vyabhicAra kiyaa| usakA pati jaba usako mArane ko uddhata huA to usane bhikSuNI-saMgha meM praveza le liyA / pati ne jaba kozala-nareza se zikAyata kI to unhoMne uttara diyA ki cUMki vaha bhikSuNI bana gaI hai, ataH use koI daNDa nahIM diyA jA sktaa| yaha udAharaNa bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA ke prArambhika kAla kA hai / kAlAntara 1. mAlatImAdhava, prathama adhyaay| 2. jo kovikAlo bhaavadIe piNDapAraNa velaM visajjia mAladI aNuvaTTa maannaaeN| -vahI, tRtIya adhyAya / 3. pAtimokkha, bhikkhunI pAcittiya, 104 / 4. vahI, bhikkhunI saMghAdisesa, 2 / 5. "bhikkhunIsu pabbajitA na sA labbhA kiMcI kAMtu" -pAcittiya pAli, pR0 301 /

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bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM sthiti : 215 meM bhI aparAdhinI nAriyA~ daNDa se bacane ke lie saMgha meM praveza letI rahI hoNgii| aisI bhikSuNiyoM ne nizcaya hI saMgha meM zithilAcAra ko bar3hAvA diyA hogaa| ____ bhikSu aura bhikSuNI tathA upAsaka aura bhikSuNI ke pArasparika sambandhoM ne bhI bauddha saMgha meM zithilAcAra (anAcAra) ko bar3hAvA diyaa| bhikSu moliya phagguNa tathA bhikSuNiyoM ke gahare sambandhoM ke kAraNa hI buddha ne moliya phagguNa ko apane andara rAga kA damana karane kA upadeza diyA thaa|' isI prakAra bhikSu mallaputra dabba para bhikSuNI metriyA ke sAtha maithuna karane kA Aropa lagAyA gayA thaa|2 zrAvastI ke udAyI bhikSu tathA eka bhikSaNI ke paraspara nirvastra baiThane tathA guptAMgoM ko vAsanApUrvaka dekhane kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra bhikSuNI sundarInandA tathA upAsaka sAlha migAranattA ke paraspara saMsarga kA udAharaNa draSTavya hai jisase sundarInandA garbhiNI ho gaI thii| bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI ina AcArika kamajoriyoM ke kAraNa unake patana ko prakriyA meM aura tejI AyI hogI, kyoMki isase ve sAmAnya janoM kI sahAnubhUti evaM zraddhA khotI jA rahI thiiN| isake atirikta vihAroM kI sthApanA ke kAraNa gRhastha-upAsakoM se unakA sambandha haTatA gyaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hI hama dekhate haiM ki zrAvastI evaM kapilavastu jaise prasiddha sthaloM ke vihAra naSTa ho cuke the| vihAroM ke patana ke sAtha hI bauddha dharma bhI patana ko prApta ho rahA thA / 12vIM zatAbdI IsvI meM bakhtiyAra khilajI ke AkramaNa tathA nAlandA mahAvihAra ke naSTa-bhraSTa kara diye jAne ke pazcAt bauddha dharma punaH vikasita na ho skaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhAratavarSa se bauddha dharma lagabhaga 12vIM zatAbdI IsvI meM samApta prAyaH ho gyaa| kintu isake pUrva hI bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA astitva lupta ho cukA thaa| ___ jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI apekSA prAcInatara thA / yadyapi ina donoM dharmoM kA pracAra evaM prasAra sAtha-sAtha hI huA thaa| phira bhI 1. majjhima nikAya, 1/44 / 2. pArAjika pAli, pR0 250 / 3. vahI, pR0 299 / 4. pAcittiya pAli, pR0 284, 289 /

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216 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha sAtha hI vikasita do dharmoM meM se eka kA sarvathA naSTa (lopa) ho jAnA kucha Azcarya meM DAla detA hai| phalataH una kAraNoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai, jinase bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA patana huaa| lekina ThIka unhIM paristhitiyoM meM jaina bhikSaNI-saMgha apane astitva ko bacAye rakha skaa| ina kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karanA isalie bhI Avazyaka hai ki jisa bauddha bhikSaNI-saMgha meM nAriyA~ itanI bar3I saMkhyA meM zraddhA evaM vizvAsa ke sAtha praviSTa huyIM, vaha apane udbhava ke sahasra varSa ke andara hI kyoM samApta ho gayA ? bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA sandehapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM huI thii| isake saMsthApaka buddha ne svayaM saMgha meM nAriyoM ke praveza ke kAraNa pUre dharma ke bhaviSya ke prati nirAzAjanaka bhaviSyavANI kI thii|' bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA meM sahayoga dene ke kAraNa sthavira Ananda ko prathama bauddha saMgIti meM dukkaTa kA daNDa diyA gayA thaa|2 isakA spaSTa artha thA ki bauddhAcArya bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA ke prati anicchuka the| paravartI kAla ke bauddhAcAryoM ne bhikSuNiyoM ke prati aura adhika kaThora rukha apanAyA aura unake hara kRtya ko saMdeha kI dRSTi se dekhaa| aisI durbhAgyapUrNa sthiti jo nirantara vikasita ho rahI thI, kisI bhI dharma yA saMgha ke vikAsa ke lie upayukta nahIM mAnI jA sktii| isake viparota jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA yA bhikSuNiyoM kI sthiti ke sambandha meM koI sandeha vyakta nahIM kiyA gayA / buddha ke hI samakAlIna mahAvIra ne jaina bhikSuNiyoM ke prati koI saMzaya nahIM vyakta kiyA thA / jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko nirantara jainAcAryoM dvArA protsAhana milatA rhaa| jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kA apane dharma ke zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se aTUTa sambandha thaa| bhojana, vastra Adi kI gaveSaNA ke lie unheM pratidina zrAvakoM 1. "sace, Ananda nAlabhissa mAtugAmo tathAgatappavedite dhammavinaye agArasmA anagAriyaM pabbajjU, ciraTThitikaM, Ananda, brahmacariyaM abhavissa, vassasahassaM saddhammo tiTTeyya / yato ca kho, Ananda, mAtugAmo tathAgatappavedite dhammavinaye agArasmA anagAriyaM pabbajito, na dAni, Ananda, brahmacariyaM ciraditika bhavissati / paJceva dAni, Ananda, vassasatAni saddhammo Thassati / " -cullavagga, pR0 376-77; bhikSuNI vinaya [12 / 2. vahI, pR0 411 / 3. Women under Primitive Buddhism, P. 105.

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bhikSuNI-saMgha kA vikAsa evaM sthiti : 217 ke yahA~ jAnA par3atA thaa| jaina saMgha ke isa niyama meM paravartI kAla meM bhI koI parivartana nahIM huaa| bauddha saMgha meM bhI bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko yadyapi upAsakoM ke yahA~ se hI bhojana, vastra Adi grahaNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thA, parantu prArambhika kAla se hI hama isa niyama meM parivartana dekhate haiM / buddha ne svayaM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko nimantrita bhoja meM jAne kI anumati dI thI / kAlAntara meM yaha prakriyA aura vikasita huI tathA bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra Adi kA prabandha bhI vihAroM meM hone lgaa| vastra Adi bhI eka sAtha bar3I mAtrA meM prApta hone lge| isake phalasvarUpa bauddha bhikSubhikSuNiyoM kA gRhastha upAsaka tathA upAsikAoM se sambandha dUra hotA gyaa| isake viparIta jaina dharma kA paravartI kAla meM bhI gahasthoM se sambandha aTUTa banA rhaa| paravartI kAla ke abhilekhoM se bhI isakI pUSTi hotI hai| dhAravAr3a se prApta 903 IsvI ke eka lekha meM vaizyajAti ke eka putra dvArA mandira banavAkara bhUmidAna dene kA ullekha hai|' karnATaka se prApta 1060 IsvI ke eka anya abhilekha se spaSTa hotA hai ki nirvadya nAmaka eka gRhastha ne eka jinAlaya khar3A kiyA thA tathA usakI vyavasthA ke lie samucita prabandha kiyA thA / 2 zaka saMvat 1118 ke halebIDa abhilekha se yaha sUcanA prApta hotI hai ki zAntinAtha basati ke dAna kI rakSA koraDukere ke kisAnoM aura gA~va ke 60 kuTumboM ne kI thii| jainadharma ke zrAvaka saMgha ke mahattvapUrNa aMga the| bhikSu-samudAya kI sArI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA uttaradAyittva unhIM ke Upara rahatA thaa| isI kAraNa jaina dharma ke bhikSu-bhikSuNI sAMsArika jhaMjhaToM se dUra rahe tathA dhArmika niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana kara ske| isake viparIta bauddha dharma meM upAsaka varga kA itanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna nahIM thA, dhIre-dhIre bauddha dharma ke bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kA upAsaka-varga se samparka TUTatA gyaa| jaina dharma ko nirantaratA tathA bauddha dharma ke hrAsa kA yaha eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa kAraNa thaa| bauddha dharma ke vihAroM ke patana 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga dvitIya, pR0 158 / 2. vahI, pR0 234 / 3. vahI, pR0 230-231 / 4. "It is evident that the lay part of the community were not regarded as outsiders, as seems to have been the case in early Buddhism; their position was, from the beginning, well defined by religious duties and privilages; the bond which united them to the order of monks was an effective one....

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218 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ke pazcAt phira unake uddhAra kA koI prayatna nahIM huA / isake atirikta jaina dharma kI nirantaratA kA eka kAraNa badalatI huI paristhitiyoM se samajhautA karanA bhI thA / prAcIna niyamoM ko AdhArabhUta mAnate hue bhI samaya ke anukUla jaina AcAryoM ne navIna Acara saMhitAe~ pradAna kI / isake viparIta bauddha bhikSu samAja se pRthak rahe tathA nirantara badalatI huI sAmAjika AvazyakatAoM ke prati udAsIna rahe / ve kucha vihAroM meM simaTa kara raha gaye the tathA apane caritra ko bhI sudRr3ha nahIM rakha sake / yahI kAraNa thA ki pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM jaba unheM vihAroM ko chor3ane ke lie bAdhya honA par3A, samAja ke bahusaMkhyaka varga ne koI sahAnubhUti nahIM pradarzita kii| the state of a laymen was one preliminary and, in many cases preparatory to the state of monk; in the latter respect, however, a change seems to have come about, in so far as now and for some time past, the order of monks is recruited chiefly from novices entering it at an early age not from laymen in general. It can not be doubted that this close union between laymen and monks brought about by the similarity of their religious duties differing not in kind, but in degree has enabled Jainism to avoid fundamental changes within and to resist dangers from without for more than two thousand years, while Buddhism, being less exacting as regards the laymen underwent the most extra-ordinary evolutions and finally disappeared altogether in the country of its origin".-Jocobi, H., Jainism, Encyclopaedia of Religion. and Ethics, Vol. VII, p. 470.

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navama adhyAya upasaMhAra jaina evaM bauddha-donoM dharmoM kA udbhava prAyaH eka hI kAla evaM paristhiti meM haA thA tathA donoM ke vikAsa kA kAla bhI eka hI thaa| yahI pramukha kAraNa thA ki zramaNa-paramparA ke anuyAyI ina donoM dharmoM meM kAphI aMzoM meM samAnatA thii| kucha antara bhI the, parantu ve kevala vaicArika bhinnatA ke kAraNa the| jaina dharma AcAra kI ati kaThoratA meM vizvAsa karatA thA jabaki bauddha dharma madhyamamArgAnuyAyI thaa| donoM dharmoM ke bhikSuNI-saMghoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhI hameM yaho satya dRSTigocara hotA hai| __ jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSaNI-saMgha kI sthApanA ke pUrva bhArata meM kisI suvyavasthita bhikSuNI-saMgha kA astitva nahIM thA, yadyapi aisI striyoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiM jo vanoM meM nivAsa karatI thIM tathA tapa evaM saMyama kA jIvana vyatIta karato thiiN| ina saMnyAsinI striyoM ke kucha vrata-niyama avazya the jinakA ve pAlana karatI thiiN| sambhavataH unhIM paramparAgata niyamoM ke AdhAra para mahAvIra evaM buddha ne apane-apane bhikSuNI-saMgha ke niyama bnaae| jaina evaM bauddha dharma ke bhikSuNI-saMgha meM striyoM ke praveza ke prAyaH samAna kAraNa the| donoM saMghoM meM saMgha-vyavasthA ko sudRr3hatA pradAna karane ke lie zArIrika tathA mAnasika rUpa se ayogya strI kA praveza vajita kara diyA gayA thaa| isI prakAra donoM saMghoM meM napuMsakoM ko dIkSA denA sarvathA niSiddha thaa| AhAra, vastra tathA yAtrA Adi ke sambandha meM niyamoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatA thii| bhikSuNiyoM ko zuddha tathA sAtvika AhAra hI grahaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / AhAra tathA vastra prApta karane meM vizeSa satarkatA baratI jAtI thii| vastra ke raMga ke sambandha meM antara avazya draSTavya hai| jaina bhikSaNiyA~ zveta vastra dhAraNa karatI thIM jabaki bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ kASAya / donoM saMghoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ko bhramaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| varSAkAla meM unheM eka hI sthAna para Thaharane kA nirdeza thaa| ina niyamoM ko jitanI satarkatA se pAlana karane kA nirdeza

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220 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko diyA gayA thA, utanI satarkatA kA nirdeza bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ko nahIM diyA gayA thA / udAharaNasvarUpa - jaina bhikSuNiyoM ko AhAra kI zuddhatA parakhane tathA use grahaNa karane ke 47 niyama the / vastra prApta karane ke sambandha meM bhI ve bauddha bhikSuNiyoM kI apekSA adhika satakatA kA pAlana karatI thIM / donoM saMghoM meM bhikSuNiyA~ adhyayana ke prati gaharI ruci rakhatI thIM / aisI aneka bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiM jo Agama granthoM tathA tripiTakoM meM niSNAta hotI thiiN| dina kA adhikAMza samaya dhyAna, tapa tathA svAdhyAya meM hI vyatIta hotA thA donoM saMghoM meM bhikSuNiyoM kI surakSA kI vyApaka vyavasthA kI gaI thI / eka strI jaba bhikSuNI bana jAtI thI to usakI surakSA kA pUrA uttaradAyitva saMgha vahana karatA thA / bhikSuNiyoM ko kAma-vAsanA ke Ananda se virata rahane ko kahA gayA thA / maithuna kA sevana karane para unake lie kaThora daNDa kI vyavasthA thI / isI prakAra sundara dIkhane ke lie apane ko AbhUSaNa tathA mAlA se sajAnA sarvathA niSiddha thA / bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla- surakSArthaM hI unheM bhikSuoM ke sAtha rahane kI salAha dI gaI thI tathA bhikSuoM ko yaha bhI nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve bhikSuNI kI rakSA kareM / jaina evaM bauddha donoM dharmoM meM bhikSu kI apekSA bhikSuNI kI sthiti nimna thI / pratyeka bhikSuNI ko cAhe vaha kitanI bhI yogya evaM jyeSTha ho - hara avasthA meM bhikSu kA sammAna karanA par3atA thA / saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA meM bhI sarvocca pada bhikSu ke lie surakSita the / isa prakAra niSkarSa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina evaM bauddha dharma ke bhikSuNiyoM ke niyamoM meM koI mUlabhUta antara nahIM thA tathA unakI sthiti bhI prAya: samAna thI / jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA una nAriyoM ke lie eka varadAna siddha huI jo samAja se kisI prakAra saMtrasta thIM / aisI aneka nAriyA~ thIM jinakI zArIrika racanA kI vidrUpatA ke kAraNa vivAha nahIM ho pAtA thA / nArI kI atyadhika sundaratA bhI usake saMrakSaka ke lie eka samasyA thI / sundara kanyA ko pAne ke lie aneka vyakti icchuka rahate the jisase mAtA-pitA ko yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA thA ki ve usa kanyA ko kisa vyakti vizeSa ko deM / bahuta sI aisI nAriyA~ thIM jo bAla-vidhavA thIM athavA jinake vivAha ke kucha samaya ke pazcAt hI pati kI mRtyu ho gaI thI / kucha nAriyA~ yogya hote huye bhI pati kA pUrA

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upasaMhAra : 221 prema nahIM pAtI thiiN| isa prakAra kI aneka vivAhita-avivAhita nAriyA~ thIM jo apane saMrakSaka ke lie bhAra-svarUpa thiiN| ___ina sabhI striyoM kI sthiti dayanIya thii| ve paropajIvI ho gaI thIM aura usI rUpa meM rahane ko bAdhya thiiN| unako eka aisA Azraya cAhie thA jahA~ ve sAmAjika pratAr3anAoM se mukta sammAnapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kara sakeM / aisI sthiti meM bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA unake lie eka varadAna siddha huI / samAja kI prAyaH sabhI saMtrasta nAriyA~ isameM praveza karane kA prayAsa karane lgiiN| spaSTa hai, tatkAlIna samAja ke lie bhikSuNI-saMgha kA yogadAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa thA / isake atirikta bhikSuNI-saMgha kI eka mahattvapUrNa upayogitA nAriyoM ko bhaya-mukta vAtAvaraNa pradAna karanA thaa| eka bAra saMgha meM praveza kara lene ke pazcAt bhikSaNI sabhI prakAra kI cintAoM se mukta ho jAtI thI kyoMki saMgha unako surakSA kA pUrNa AzvAsana detA thaa| bhikSuoM ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve kisI bhI kImata para bhikSuNI ke zIla kI rakSA kreN| isa satprayAsa meM yadi hiMsA kA bhI sahArA lenA par3e to vaha stutya thA tathA kadara ahiMsAvAdI jaina dharma meM bhI aisI paristhiti meM hiMsA karane vAlA bhikSu thor3e se prAyazcitta ke pazcAt zuddha ho jAtA thaa| madanarekhA aura padmAvatI ke patiyoM kI hatyA kara dI gaI thii| aisI avasthA meM jabaki ve bhayabhIta hokara idhara-udhara bhaTaka rahI thIM, jaina bhikSuNI-saMgha ne unako eka bhayamukta vAtAvaraNa pradAna kiyA / isI prakAra kA udAharaNa bauddha bhikSuNI sudinnikA kA hai| sudinnikA ke pati kI mRtyu ho jAne ke pazcAt usakA devara sudinnikA ko apanI kAmavAsanA kA sAdhana banAnA cAhatA thaa| usakI kAmavAsanA se bacane ke lie sudinnikA ne bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kA Azraya grahaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra aisI sabhI nAriyoM ko jinheM sammAnapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karane kA koI vikalpa nahIM thA, jaina evaM bauddha dharmoM ke bhikSuNI-saMghoM ne Azraya pradAna kiyaa| isake atirikta, bhikSuNI saMgha ne vidyAdhyayana ke lie svastha vAtAvaraNa pradAna kiyaa| vahA~ ke zAnta evaM ekAnta vAtAvaraNa meM jahA~ hara samaya jJAnacarcA hotI thI, bhikSuNiyoM ne apanI buddhi evaM vidyA kA sarvAdhika upayoga kiyaa| aisI kaI jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha prApta 1. draSTavya-paMcama adhyAya /

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222 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI - saMgha hote haiM jo AgamoM evaM piTakoM meM niSNAta thIM / bhadrAkuNDalakezA jisane pahale jaina bhikSuNI saMgha meM tatpazcAt bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza liyA, tarkazAstra kI pravINa paNDitA thI / dharmopadeza karanA tathA duHkhI evaM saMtapta janoM ko sAntvanA evaM prasannatA pradAna karanA bhikSuNiyoM ke jIvana kA mukhya lakSya thA / upalabdha sukha-suvidhAoM ko tyAga kara viparIta paristhitiyoM meM aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karate hue ve dUra-dUra ke dezoM meM gaI aura una pradezoM ke nivAsiyoM ko unhIM kI sarala tathA subodha bhASA meM dharmopadeza diyA / bauddha bhikSuNI saMghamitrA rAjakanyA hote hue bhI suvidhAoM ko tyAgakara siMhala gaI aura vahA~ bauddha dharma kA pracAra kara bauddha dharma kI nIMva ko majabUta bnaayaa| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki bhikSuNI - saMgha kA sarvAdhika mahattva isa tathya meM nihita thA ki isane nAriyoM ko aisA anukUla vAtAvaraNa pradAna kiyA jisameM ve apane jJAna evaM buddhi kA upayoga kara sakatI thIM, sAtha hI tapa sAdhanA meM lagI raha sakatI thIM / nissandeha, bhikSuNI saMgha ke abhAva meM ina viduSI bhikSuNiyoM ko apanI pratibhA ko vikasita hone kA avasara nahIM milatA / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki bhikSuNI saMgha ko upayogitA kaI dRSTi* koNoM se mahattvapUrNa thI / yaha eka viziSTa prakAra kA Azrayasthala tathA nArIsudhAra gRha thA jahA~ nAriyoM ko apane jJAna evaM buddhi ke caturdika vikAsa kA sunaharA avasara upalabdha thA / nissandeha, jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA eka aitihAsika AvazyakatA thI /

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pariziSTa-a * sAhitya evaM abhilekhoM meM ullikhita jaina bhikSuNiyA~ (a) sAhitya meM ullikhita jaina bhikSuNiyA~ mahAvIra - pUrvakAlIna jena bhikSuNiyA~ brAhmI - vize0 bhA0, 1612-13; Ava0 cU0, prathama bhAga, pR0 152-156, 211. sundarI - vahI / phalgu - samavAyAMga, 157; Ava0 ni0, 260. zyAmA- vahI / ajitA - vaho / kAzyapI - vahI / rati - vahI | somA - vahI / sumanA -- samavAyAMga 157; Ava0 ni0, 261. vAruNI - vahI | sulasA - vahI / dhAriNI-vahI / dharaNI - vahI / meghamAlA - vahI / dharaNIdharA - sama0 157; A0 ni0, 262. padmA - vahI / zivA - vahI / zuci-vahI / aMjukA - vahI | rakSitA- vahI / malli - jJAtAdharmakathA, 118. jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ke itihAsa para eka svatantra grantha lekhaka dvArA taiyAra kiyA jA rahA hai jo zIghra hI prakAzita hogA /

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224 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha puSpavatI-sama0, 157; Ava0 ni0, 263. purandarayazA-nizItha vizeSa cUrNi, caturtha bhAga, 5741; uttarAdhyana cUrNi, pR0 73. manoharI-Ava0 cUrNi, prathama bhAga, pR0 176-77. amalA-sama0 157, Ava0 ni0, 263. ykssinnii-vhii| kamalAmelA-bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA, 172; Ava0 cUrNi, prathama bhAga, pR0 112-13. gAndhArI-antakRtadazAMga, 5 / 3. jAmbavatI-vahI, 5 / 6. draupadI-jJAtAdharmakathA, 1116. padmAvatI-antakRtadazAMga, 5 / 1. mUladattA-vahI, 5 / 10. mUlazrI-vahI, 5 / 9. rAjImatI-uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 22vA~ adhyAya / rUkmiNI-antakRtadazAMga, 5 / 8. lakSmaNA-vahI, 5 / 4. satyabhAmA-vahI, 57. sukumAlikA-bRhatkalpabhASya, paMcama bhAga, 5254-59; nizItha vizeSa cUNi, dvitIya bhAga, 2351-56. sukumAlikA-jJAtAdharmakathA, 1116. gopaalikaa-vhii| susImA-antakRtadazAMga, 5 / 5. suvratA-jJAtAdharmakathA, 1114. subhadrA-nirayAvaliyA, 4 / 3. puSpacUlA-sama0, 157; Ava0 ni0. 263. jJAtAdharmakathA ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama varga meM kAlI, rAjI, rajanI, vidyuta, meghA; dvitIya varga meM zuMbhA, nizuMbhA, raMbhA, niraMbhA, madanA; tRtIya varga meM ilA, saterA, saudAminI, indrA, ghanA, vidyutA; caturtha varga meM rUpA, surUpA, rUpAMzA, rUpavatI, rUpakAntA, rUpaprabhA; paMcama varga meM kamalA, kamalaprabhA, utpalA, sudarzanA, rUpavatI, bahurUpA, surUpA, subhagA, pUrNA, bahuputrikA, uttamA, bhArikA, padmA, vasumatI, kanakA, kanakaprabhA,

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pariziSTa-a : 225 avataMsA, ketumatI, vajrasenA, ratipriyA, rohiNI, navamikA, hrI, puSpavato, bhujagA, bhujagavatI, mahAkacchA, aparAjitA, sughoSA, vimalA, susvarA, sarasvatI; saptama varga meM sUryaprabhA, AtapA, acimAlI, prabhaMkarA; aSTama varga meM candraprabhA, jyotsnAbhA, arcimAlI, prabhaMkarA; naveM varga meM padmA, zivA, satI, aMjU, rohiNI, navamikA, acalA, apsarA; dasaveM varga meM kRSNA, kRSNarAji, rAmA, rAmarakSitA, vasu, vasuguptA, vasumitrA, vasundharA nAmaka bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha haiM jinheM puSpacUlA AryA kI ziSyAe~ kahA gayA hai / poTilA - jJAtAdharmakathA, 1114. ( mahAvIrakAlIna jaina bhikSuNiyA~ ) candanA -- kalpasUtra, 135; Ava0 cU0, prathama bhAga, pR0 320. aMgAravatI - Ava0 ca0, prathama bhAga, pR0 91. jayantI - bhagavatI, 441-43; bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 3386. devAnandA - kalpasUtra, 27, bhagavatI, 381-82. prabhAvatI - uttarA0 ni0, pR0 96; Ava0 cU0, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 164. mRgAvatI - Ava0 cU0, prathama bhAga, pR0 88, 165; Ava0 ni0, pR0 1055. sujyeSThA - Ava0 cU0, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 164-66. antakRtadazAMga sUtra ke saptama varga meM naMdA, naMdAvatI, naMdottarA, nanda zreNikA, marutA, sumarutA, mahAmarutA, marutdevI, bhadrA, subhadrA, sujAtA, sumanAtikA, bhUtadattA tathA aSTama varga meM kAlI, sukAlI, mahAkAlI, kRSNA, sukRSNA, mahAkRSNA, vIrakRSNA, rAmakRSNA, pitRsenakRSNA, mahAsenakRSNA Adi AryAyoM kA ullekha hai / yahA~ yaha spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai ki mahAvIra kI samakAlIna jina bhikSuNiyoM kA varNana jaina granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, unameM kucha to nizcaya hI aitihAsika pratIta hotI haiM / yathA - candanA, aMgAravatI, prabhAvatI, sujyeSThA, mRgAvatI, jayantI Adi / jayantI ko udayana kI bahana, mRgAvatI ko udayana kI mAtA, aMgAravatI ko avantinareza caNDa pradyota kI patnI, prabhAvatI tathA sujyeSThA ko prasiddha vaizAlI nareza ceTaka kI putrI kahA gayA hai / candanA mahAvIra kI pramukha ziSyA tathA campA - nareza dadhivAhana kI putrI batAyI gaI hai / campA para kauzAmbI- nareza zatAnIka (udayana kA pitA) dvArA AkramaNa karane kA ullekha hai / ina narezoM kI aitihAsikatA 15 ,

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226 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha na kevala jaina srotoM se balki bauddha srotoM se bhI siddha kI jA cukI hai / punaH inake ullekhoM meM camatkArapUrNa yA alaukika varNana nahIM hai / jahA~ taka zreNika (bimbisAra - ajAtazatru kA pitA) kI adhika saMkhyA meM patniyoM ke dIkSita hone kA prazna hai-- una sabhI kI aitihAsikatA ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kara lenA kaThina hai / yaha sambhava hai ki usakI kucha rAniyA~ jaina dharma ke prati zraddhAvAn rahI hoM tathA unameM se kucha ne dIkSA bhI grahaNa kI ho / ( mahAvIrottarakAlIna jaina bhikSuNiyAM ) uttarA - uttarA0 ni0, pR0 181, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 3053 / kIrtimatI - Ava0 cU0, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 194. dhAriNI - vahI, pR0 189. sthavira Arya sambhUtivijaya ke ziSya sthavira sthUlabhadra kI sAta bahanoM ke dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / inake nAma nimna theyakSA, yakSadattA, bhUtA, bhUtadattA, seNA, veNA aura reNA / inhoMne bhAI ke sAtha hI Arya sambhUtivijaya se ziSyatva grahaNa kiyA thA / isakI sUcanA kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ( kalpasUtra, 208 ) se prApta hotI hai jo eka aitihAsika dastAveja ke rUpa meM mAnya hai / sarasvatI - nizItha vizeSa cUrNi, dvitIya bhAga, 2860. yAkinI - Avazyaka TIkA prazasti uddhRta, samadarzI AcArya. haribhadra ( paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ), pR0 107. marudevI - kharataragaccha kA itihAsa, pR0 12. hemadevI - vahI, pR0 44. guNazrI - vahI, pR0 54. kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinapatisUri dvArA AryA abhayamati, Asamati tathA zrI devI Adi striyoM ko dikSA dene kA ullekha hai / - vahI, pR0 53. -- samayazrI - zrI SaDdarzananirNaya, pR0 33. mahimazrI - vahI | merulakSmIzrI - vahI / (ba) abhilekhoM meM ullikhita jaina bhikSuNiyA~ | siMhamitrA - List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 16. zaSThisiMhA - Ibid. kSudrA - Ibid, 18.

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jayA - Ibid, 21, 29. vasulA - Ibid, 24, 70. saMgamikA --- Ibid. grahA - Ibid, 32, 119. kumAramitrA - Ibid, 39. akkA - Ibid, 48. nandA - Ibid. ghakaraba - Ibid, 50. jinadAsI -- Ibid. dattA - Ibid, 67. jIvA -- Ibid. bhUtibalA - Ibid, 73. dhAmathA - Ibid, 75. nAgadattA - Ibid, 86. sAditA - Ibid, 117. brahmA--Ibid, 119. zyAmA - Ibid, 121. uparyukta varNita bhikSuNiyoM ko jAnane ke ekamAtra srota mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta choTe-choTe lekha haiM / ina sabhI bhikSuNiyoM kA kAla IsA kI prathama evaM dvitIya zatAbdI hai / prabhAvatI -- jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pR0 11. anantAmatI ganti -- vahI, pR0 12. damitAmatI - vahI, pR0 11. nAgamatI ganti - - vahI, pR0 13. dhaNe kuttArevigu ravi -- vahI, pR0 15. zazimatI ganti - vahI, pR0 15. } cAmekAmbA - vahI bhAga dvitIya, pR0 182-86. nANabbe -- vahI | pariziSTa-a : 227 pAmbabbe - vahI, pR0 197-98. lalita zrI - vahI, paMcama bhAga, pR0 22. mArabbekanti - vahI, caturthaM bhAga, pR0 69, deviyabbe - vahI, pR0 70,

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228 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha kaMcaladevI-jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha, caturtha bhAga, pR. 378. lavaNazrI-vahI, paMcama bhAga, pR0 33. sonA-vahI, pR0 118. devagar3ha (jhA~sI, uttara pradeza) se prApta eka bhagna zilApaTTa para AryikA sirimA, padma zrI, saMyama zrI, lalita zrI, ratna zrI tathA jaya zrI nAma aMkita hai| -vahI, pR0 119. zrImatI ganti-vahI, prathama bhAga, pR0 288. mAnakabbe gnti-vhii| rAjJImatI ganti-vahI, pR0 317. sAyibbe kantiyara-vahI, pR0 321. pollabbe kantiyara-vahI, pR0 325. kaNNabbe kanti-vahI, pR0 373. maalbbe-vhii| mekuzrI-vahI, paMcama bhAga, pR0 47. devazrI-vahI, prathama bhAga, pR0 226. gaurazrI-vahI / somshrii-vhii| knkdhii-vhii| madanazrI-vahI, tRtIya bhAga, pR0 224. peNDaravAca muttabbe-vahI, caturtha bhAga, pR0 217. jakovve-vahI, pR0 259. nAgave-vahI, pR0 372. nAdovve-vahI, pR0 356-57. yillekanti-vahI, pR0 296.

Page #248
pariziSTa-ba sAhitya evaM abhilekhoM meM ullikhita bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ (a) sAhitya meM ullikhita bauddha bhikSuNiyAM gautamabuddha-pUrvakAlIna bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ nandA-buddhavaMsa, 22214. sunndaa-vhii| tiSyA-vahI, 3 / 31. uptissyaa-vhii| azokA-vahI, 4 / 24. shivlaa-vhii| senA-vahI, 5 / 24. upsenaa-vhii| bhadrA-vahI, 6 / 22. subhdraa-vhii| nakulA-vahI, 7122 sujaataa-vhii| sundarI-vahI, 123. sumnaa-vhii| rAdhA-vahI, 9422. suraadhaa-vhii| uttarA-vahI, 10 / 24. phlgunaa-vhii| amitA-vahI, 11 / 25. asmaa-vhii| rAmA-vahI, 12 / 24. suraamaa-vhii| nAgA-vahI, 13 / 26. naagsmaal-vhii| sujAtA-vahI, 14 / 21.

Page #249
230 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMdha dharmadattA-buddhavaMsa, 14 / 21 dharmA-vahI, 15 / 20. sudhrmaa-vhii| kSemA-vahI, 16 / 19. shbddttaa-vhii| savilA-vahI, 17 / 19. suraamaa-vhii| mekhaladAyikA-Pali-Proper Names, Vol. II, P.651. phussA -buddhavaMsa, 18 / 22. sudttaa-vhii| cAlA (sAlA)-vahI, 19 / 20. upacAlA (upasAlA)-vahI / candA-vahI, 20129. cndrmitraa-vhii| akhilA (makhilA)-vahI, 21 / 21. pdumaa-vhii| dAmA-vahI, 22 / 24. smaalaa-vhii| zyAmA-vahI, 23 / 21. cmpaa-vhii| samudrA-vahI, 24 / 23. uttraa-vhii| kanakadattA-Pali-Proper Names, Vol. I. P. 508. anulA-buddhavaMsa, 25 / 40. uruvelaa-vhii| (gautamabuddhakAlIna bauddha bhikSuNiyA~) kSemA-aMguttara nikAya, 1 / 14; buddhavaMsa, 26 / 19; therIgAthA, gAthA, 139-44-aTThakathA, 52. utpalavarNA-aMguttara nikAya, 1114; buddhavaMsa, 26:19; therIgAthA, gAthA, 224-35.-aTThakathA, 64. arddhakAzI-cullavagga, pR0 397-98; therIgAthA, gAthA, 27-28-aTTha kathA, 22.

Page #250
pariziSTa-ba : 231 abhayamAtA-aMguttara nikAya, 1 / 188; therIgAthA, gAthA, 33-34-aTTa kathA, 26. abhirUpAnandA-therIgAthA, gAthA, 19-20-aTThakathA, 19. ambapAlI-vahI, 252-70-aTakathA, 66. RSidAsI-vahI, 400-447-aTThakathA, 72. uttamA-vahI, 42-44-aTThakathA, 30. uttamA-vahI, 45-47-aTThakathA, 31. uttarA-vahI, 15-aTrakathA, 15. uttarA-vahI, 175-81-aTThakathA, 58. uttarI-Pali Proper Names, Vol. I., P. 364. avavAdakA-Ibid, P. 196. upacAlA-therIgAthA, gAthA, 189-95-aTThakathA, 60. upazamA-vahI, 10 -aTThakathA, 10. ubbirI-vahI, 52-53-aTThakathA, 33. kajaMgalA-Pali Proper Names, Vol. I., P. 482. kRzAgautamI-therIgAthA, gAthA, 213-23-aTThakathA, 63. guptA-vahI, 163-68-aTThakathA, 56. cAlA-vahI, 182-88-aTThakathA, 59. citrA-vahI, 27-28-aTThakathA, 23. jinadattA-vahI, 427-aTrakathA, 72. tiSyA (prathama)-vahI, 4-aTakathA, 4. tiSyA (dvitIya)--vahI, 5-aTThakathA, 5. sthUlatiSyA-saMyutta nikAya, 2 / 215. sthUlanandA-Pali Proper Names, Vol. I., P. I040-41. therikA-therIgAthA, gAthA 1-aTThakathA, 1. dantikA-vahI, 48-50-aTrakathA, 32. dharmadattA-vahI, 12-aTThakathA, 12. dharmA-vahI, 17-aTThakathA, 16. dhIrA (prathama)-vahI, 6-aTThakathA, 6. dhIrA (dvitIya)-vahI, 7-aTrakathA, 7. nandavatI-Pali Proper Names, Vol. II., P. 23. nandA -Ibid, P. 24. nandA-aMguttara nikAya, 1114.

Page #251
232 : jena aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha nanduttarA - therIgAthA, gAthA, 87-91 - aTThakathA, 42. paTAcArA - aMguttara nikAya, 1|14; therIgAthA, gAthA, 112-16 - aTThakathA, 47. pUrNA - therIgAthA, gAthA, 3 - aTThakathA, 3. pUrNikA - vahI, 237 51 - aTThakathA, 65. bodhI - vahI, 401 --- aTThakathA, 72. bhadrAka pilAnI - aMguttara nikAya 1 / 14, therIgAthA, gAthA, 63-66-- aTThakathA, 37. bhadrAkuNDalakezA - vahI, 107-111 -- aTThakathA, 46. bhadrA -- vahI, 9, -- aTThakathA, 9. mahAprajApati gautamI - vahI, 157-62 - aTThakathA, 55. muktA - vahI, 2 - aTThakathA, 2. muktA - vahI, 11 - aTThakathA, 11. mettA - vahI, 31-32 - aTThakathA, 25. maitrikA - vahI, 29 30 - aTThakathA, 24. rohiNI -- vahI, 271-90 - aTThakathA, 67. vajirA - saMyuktta nikAya, 5/10. vAziSThI - therIgAthA, gAthA, 312-24 - aTThakathA, 69. vijayA - vahI, 169-74-aTThakathA, 57. vimalA -- vahI, 72-76 - aTThakathA, 39. vizAkhA - vahI, 13 -- aTThakathA, 13. sakulA - vahI, 97-101 -- aTThakathA, 44. saMghA - vahI, 18 - - aTThakathA, 18. zyAmA ( prathama ) -- vahI, 37-38, - - aTThakathA, 28. zyAmA (dvitIya) -- vahI, 39-41, aTThakathA, 29. sigAlakamAtA -- aMguttara nikAya, 1 / 14. zizUpacAlA -- therIgAthA, gAthA, 196-203, aTThakathA, 61. zuklA - vahI, 54-56 -- aTThakathA, 34. siMhA - - vahI, 77-81 - aTThakathA, 40. sujAtA -- vahI, 145-50-- aTThakathA, 53. sundarI -- vahI, 312-37-- aTThakathA, 69. sundarInandA - vahI, 82-86--aTThakathA, 41.

Page #252
zubhA - therIgAthA, gAthA, 338-65 - aTThakathA, 70. (subhA kammAradhItA) zubhA - vahI, 366-99 -- aTThakathA, 71. (subhA jIvakambavanikA) sumaMgalamAtA - - vahI, 22-44-- aTThakathA, 21. sumanA vahI, 14 - aTThakathA, 14. sumedhA - vahI, 448-522 -- aTThakathA, 73. zailA - vahI, 57 - 59 - aTThakathA, 35. sonA - vahI, 102-106 - aTThakathA, 45. somA -- vahI, 60-62 - aTThakathA, 36. ( gautamabuddhottarakAlIna bauddha bhikSuNiyA~) udakadAyikA - therIapadAna pAli, 1|10|116-30. utpaladAyikA -- vahI, 413 57 -81. ekapiNDadAyikA - vahI, 116/46-59. ekAsanadAyikA - vahI, 2/4/37-60. ekUposathikA - vahI, 2|1|1-21. kaTacchubhikkhadAyikA - vahI, 1/7/60 - 70. kaNTakA - Pali Proper Names, Vol. I. P. 494. giriddhi - Ibid, P. 769. cUlasumanA - Ibid, P. 906. channA -- Ibid, P. 925. tiSyA - Ibid, P. 1030. dAsiyA ( prathama ) - Ibid, P. 1076. dAsiyA (dvitIya) - Ibid. dharmatApasA -- Ibid, P. 1140. dharmA - Ibid, P. 1153. nandA - Ibid, Vol. II. P. 24. naramitrA - Ibid, P. 33. nalamAlikA - Ibid, P. 36. nAgamitrA - Ibid, P. 44. --- nAgA ( prathama ) - Ibid, P. 47. nAgA (dvitIya) - Ibid, pariziSTa - ba : 233

Page #253
234 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha padumA -- Pali Proper Names, Vol. II. P. 136. pabbatachinnA - Ibid, P. 142. bodhiguptA - Ibid, P. 318. pheggu - Ibid, P. 259. mattA - lbid, P. 431. mallA - Ibid, P. 454. mahAkAlI - Ibid, P. 485. mahAtiSyA - Ibid, P. 498. mahAdevI - Ibid, P. 506. mahArUhA --- Ibid, P550. mahAsumanA - Ibid, P. 578. mahAsonA - Ibid, P. 581. mahilA - Ibid, P. 591. mAlA -- Ibid, P. 621. maMtrikA -- Ibid, P. 660. revatA - Ibid, P 756. lakSadharmA --- Ibid, P. 767. saMghadAsI - Ibid, P. 988. saMghA - Ibid, P. 1004. saddharmanandI - Ibid, P. 1017. sapatrA - Ibid, P. 1028. sabalA - Ibid, P. 1032. samudrA - Tbid, P. 1056. sAtA - Ibid, P. 1091. sIvalA ( prathama ) - Ibid, P. 1162. sIvalA (dvitIya) - Ibid; P. 1163. sumanA - Ibid, P. 1246. sonA ( prathama ) - Ibid, P. 1297. sonA ( dviyIya ) - - Ibid, P. 1298. zobhanA - Ibid, P. 1304. zobhitA - Ibid, P. 1306. somA - Ibid, P. 1310. saMghamitrA - mahAvaMsa, 18/13; 19/5 - 83; 5 / 190 - 208.

Page #254
"pariziSTa-ba: 235 AyupAlA-mahAvaMsa, 5 / 208. samA- Pali Proper Names, Vol. II. P. 1247. hemA-Ibid, P. 1330. hemAsA-Ibid, P. 1331. nandA-mahAvaMsa, 4 / 38. kAmandakI-mAlatI mAdhava / saudaamnii-vhii| avlokitaa-vhii| buddhrkssitaa-vhii| ba-abhilekhoM meM ullikhita bauddha bhikSuNiyA~ devabhAgA-List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 168. acalA (prathama) Ibid, 175. acalA (dvitIya) Ibid, 462. caNDA (candrA)-Ibid, 183. avadAtikA-Ibid, 187. kAdI-Ibid, 226. kirAtI-Ibid, 239. saMghadattA-Ibid, 253. yakSI-Ibid.254. dharmarakSitA-Ibid, 274. RSidattA-(prathama)-Ibid, 292. RSidattA (dvitIya)-Ibid, 305. balikA-Ibid, 317. dharma zrI-Ibid, 318. avizaNNA-Ibid, 319, 352. RSidAsI-Ibid, 327, 402, duzprasahA-Ibid, 328. yakSadAsI-Ibid, 329. ahaMdAsI-Ibid, 333. buddhapAlitA-Ibid, 341. yakSI-Ibid, 344. giriguptA-Ibid, 368. jitamitrA-Ibid, 365.

Page #255
236 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha priyadharmA-List of Brahmi Inscriptions,368. puSyA-Ibid, 369. buddharakSitA-Ibid, 374. zrIdattA-lbid, 383,536. RSabhA-Ibid, 400. dharmayazA-Ibid, 410. mitrA-Ibid, 412. zAnti zrI-Ibid, 427. RkSAvatI-Ibid, 430. saMgharakSitA-Ibid, 434. gadA (prathama)-Ibid, 438. gadA (dvitIya)-Ibid, 439. dattA-Ibid, 452. nandottarA-Ibid, 468. nAti-Ibid, 471. suprasthAmA-Ibid, 478. buddharakSitA--'bid, 489. mitrazrI-Ibid, 492. yakSI-Ibid, 500. vajriNI-Ibid, 504. vasumitrA-Ibid, 509. vAsavA-Ibid, 512. vipulA-Ibid, 515. vIrA-Ibid, 520. mohikA-Ibid, 524. saMgharakSitA-Ibid, 526. svAmikA-Ibid, 533, 534. zrI mitrA-Ibid, 538. zrI-Ibid, 539. siMhA-Ibid, 542 sUryA-Ibid, 546. saMghapAlitA-Ibid, 557. danA-Ibid, 561. .

Page #256
pariziSTa-ba : 237 framt-List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 568. sarpakI-Ibid, 582. valA-Ibid, 583. dharmasenA-Ibid, 584. phAlgulA-Ibid, 586. yamarakSitA-Ibid, 588. mUlA-Ibid, 589. RSidAsI-Ibid, 590. odI-Ibid, 593-611. azvadevA-Ibid,618. RSidattA-Ibid, 620. gautamI-Ibid, 623. kirAtI-Ibid, 624. azvadevA-Ibid, 629, RSimitrA-Ibid, 630. buddharakSitA-Ibid, 637. bhikSuNikA-Ibid, 641. zravaNazrI-Ibid, 645. nandikA-Ibid, 674. baddhikA-Ibid, 718. zramaNA-Ibid, 720. dinnAgA-Ibid, 723. nAgA-Ibid, 761. nAgilA-Ibid, 778. puSyadattA-Ibid, 806. sarpaguptA -Ibid, 815. somA-Ibid, 817, nAgadevA-Ibid, 819. buddharakSitA-Ibid, 840. phalgadevA-Ibid, 870.. udgrahakA-Ibid, 910. poNakIsaNA-Ibid, 1006. dAmilA-Ibid, 1014.

Page #257
238 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha sarpA-List of Brahmi Inscriptions, 1020. bodhi-Ibid, 1059. sarpilA-Ibid, 1060. ASAr3hamitrA-Ibid, 1098. kodI-Ibid, 1104. bodhi-Ibid, 1240. siddhArthI-Ibid, 1242. dharmA-Ibid, 1246. buddharakSitA-Ibid, 1250. saMgharakSitA-Ibid, 1262. rohA-Ibid, 1264. mAlA-Ibid, 1286. sumudrikA-Ibid. buddharakSitA-Ibid, 1295. saMghamitrA-Ibid jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke uparyukta saMkSipta vivaraNa ke sambandha meM kucha tathya draSTavya haiN| prathamataH, ye vivaraNa mukhyataH sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM para avalambita haiM / yaha durbhAgya rahA hai ki jaina evaM bauddha donoM dharmoM meM bhikSuNI-saMgha ke itihAsa ko surakSita rakhane kA koI prayatna nahIM kiyA gyaa| yatra-tatra bikhare hue kucha sandarbho ko chor3akara bhikSuNiyoM ke itihAsa ke bAre meM jaina dharma kI donoM hI paramparAe~ tathA bauddha dharma meM vikasita hue aneka nikAya lagabhaga mauna hI haiN| hamAre pAsa bhikSuNiyoM ke itihAsa se sambandhita jo kucha sAmagrI upalabdha hai bhI, usakA pUrNataH upayoga nahIM kiyA gyaa| abhI aneka aise aprakAzita hastalikhita grantha evaM abhilekha haiM jinase bhikSuNiyoM ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa sUcanAe~ prApta ho sakatI haiN| nizcaya hI, hajAroM aisI bhikSuNiyA~ rahIM hoMgI jinhoMne ina dharmoM ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hogA parantu Aja hameM unheM "anAma" mAnakara hI santoSa kara lenA hogaa| ina sAkSyoM kI aitihAsika prAmANikatA kA prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai| jaina paramparA RSabha ke kAla se lekara mahAvIra ke kAla taka aneka bhikSuNiyoM kA ullekha karatI hai / jisa prakAra jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI paurANikatA aura aitihAsikatA kA prazna vicAraNIya hai-usI taraha jaina bhikSuNiyoM kI paurANikatA evaM aitihAsikatA kA prazna bhI vicAraNIya

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pariziSTa-ba : 239 hai| itihAsavidoM ke anusAra, jaina tIrthaMkaroM meM pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI aitihAsikatA svIkRta kI jA sakatI hai-zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ko ve paurANika hI mAnate haiM / isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki pArzva evaM mahAvIrakAlIna jina bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM-sambhavataH ve aitihAsika hoN| phira bhI, pArzva evaM mahAvIrakAlIna ullikhita sabhI bhikSuNiyoM ko aitihAsikatA ko asaMdigdha rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| inameM bhI paurANikatA ke tattva praviSTa ho gaye haiN| mahAvIrakAlIna rAjA zreNika (bimbisAra) kI rAniyoM ke jo ullekha antakRtadazAMga meM milate haiM unakI aitihAsikatA para prazna cihna lagAtA hai / kAlo, sukAlI, mahAkAlo Adi nAmoM kI kalpanA ho unakI aitihAsikatA ko saMdigdha banA detI hai| vastutaH kisI bhI dharma-paramparA ke sAhityika ullekhoM meM aitihAsikatA aura paurANikatA ke bIca bahuta spaSTa rekhA khIMca pAnA kaThina hai| yaha sambhava hai ki rAjA zreNika ke antaHpUra kI kucha striyoM ne mahAvIra ke samIpa bhikSuNI-dIkSA aMgIkAra ko ho, kintu unakA jIvana-vRtta ThIka vaisA hI thA jaisA antakRtadazAMna athavA anya sAhityika sAkSyoM meM ullikhita hai-- yaha aitihAsikatA kI dRSTi se bahuta jaTila samasyA hai| hamAre pAsa kisI purAkAlIna vyakti kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra karane ke lie mukhyataH sAhityika AdhAra hI upalabdha haiM aura hameM kevala apane tarka-bala se yaha nizcaya karanA hotA hai ki isameM kitanA aitihAsika hai aura kitanA paurANika / ___bauddha bhikSuNiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI uparyukta bAteM satya pratIta hoto haiM / jaina dharma ke tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA ke samAna bauddha dharma meM bhI gautama baddha ke pUrva aneka baddhoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| una buddhoM kI pradhAna bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha hameM eka pazcAtakAlIna grantha buddhavaMsa meM milate haiM / jisa prakAra zAkyavaMzIya gautama buddha ke pUrva prAyaH sabhI buddha, itihAsakAroM kI dRSTi meM, aitihAsika vyakti nahIM mAne gaye haiM, usI prakAra una buddhoM ke kAla kI bhikSaNiyoM kI aitihAsikatA bhI saMdigdha hI hai| gautamabuddhakAlIna bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha hameM mukhyataH therIgAthA evaM usakI aTThakathA paramatthadIpanI se prApta hotA hai| yadyapi kucha prasiddha bhikSuNiyoM yathA-kSemA, utpalavarNA, paTAcArA, mahAprajApatigautamI, arddhakAzI, kRzAgautamI, ambapAlI, sthUlanandA Adi ke ullekha hameM vinaya-piTaka, nikAyoM evaM mahAsAMghika sampradAya ke bhikSuNI vinaya nAmaka grantha meM prApta hote haiN| ataH ina bhikSuNiyoM kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| -

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240 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha jahA~ taka sAhityika sAkSyoM meM ullikhita mahAvIra evaM buddha kI uttarakAlIna bhikSuNiyoM kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna hai, unheM bhI yathArUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kAlAntara ke granthoM meM apanI dharma - prabhAvanA meM vRddhi ke lie aneka kathAoM kI racanA kI gaI aura isameM aneka kAlpanika pAtroM ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA / ataH mahAvIra evaM buddha ke paravartIkAla meM racita granthoM meM ullikhita sabhI bhikSuNiyoM kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra karanA kaThina sA pratIta hotA hai| phira bhI unameM ullikhita kucha bhikSuNiyA~ nizcaya hI aitihAsika pratIta hotI haiN| jaina sAhitya meM prasiddha AcArya sthUlabhadra kI sAta bahanoM dvArA dIkSA lene kA ullekha hai / sthUlabhadra kI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hai -- isI AdhAra para unakI bahanoM kI bhI vAstavikatA ko hameM svIkAra karanA hogA / phira, inake kathAnaka meM kahIM bhI atiraMjita varNana nahIM hai / isI prakAra prasiddha maurya samrATa azoka kI putrI saMghamitrA kI aitihAsikatA ko asvIkAra karanA kaThina hai| inake ullekha hameM anekazaH bauddha granthoM meM prApta hote haiM / sAtha hI, dIpavaMsa evaM mahAvaMsa meM ullikhita bhikSuNiyoM kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai| mahAvaMsa meM, sthUlataH, pA~cavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva se lekara lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI IsvI taka kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai / isakI adhikAMza sAmagrI, nizcaya hI aitihAsika satya ke nikaTa pratIta hotI hai / bimbisAra se azoka taka jina mukhya narezoM ke nAma mahAvaMsa meM prApta hote haiM, unhIM rAjAoM meM se kucha nAma purANoM meM bhI haiM / ina narezoM ke rAjyakAla bhI thor3e-bahuta antara ke sAtha lagabhaga samAna hI haiM / ataH mahAvaMsa meM jina bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha haiM, unakI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra karane meM hameM koI kaThinAI nahIM honI cAhie / parantu gautamabuddhottarakAlIna jina ddha bhikSuNiyoM ke ullekha hameM sAhityika sAkSyoM (vizeSakara therIapadAna pAli) se prApta hote haiM, unakI aitihAsikatA sarvathA saMdigdha hai / ina bhikSuNiyoM -- yathA udakadAyikA, utpaladAyikA, ekAsanadAyikA, kaTacchubhikkhadAyikA Adi) ke nAma sambhavataH kathA ko prasiddha banAne ke lie kalpita kiye gaye / unakI aitihAsikatA ko siddha karane ke lie hamAre pAsa koI srota nahIM hai / jaina evaM bauddha dharma ke sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para unake bhikSuNI saMgha kA itihAsa prastuta karane meM hamArA yaha prathama prayatna hai | ataH sambhava hai ki isameM kucha apUrNatAe~ hoM -- hama yaha apekSA karate haiM ki bhaviSya meM koI vidvAna isa mahat kArya ko pUrNa karegA / 4

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+- - anukramaNikA - - - - . 104 . .. anupamA (bau0 bhi0) 19, 103 zabda pRSTha anupasthApita 38 aMga 201 anulA (siMhala-rAnI) 136 aMguttara nikAya 75, 197 anuzrAvaNa 27, 31 aMjanadAnI antakRtadazAMga 14, 25, 91, 92, aMjanasalAI 93, 95, 127 aMtoniyaMsaNI antaravAsaka 54, 56 akaraNIya 29, 31, 192 antarAyika dharma 21, 27, 29, 122 akrUra antarAyika prazna akkA (jai0 bhi0) 188, 203 antevAsinI 81, 129, 138, 139, accha 197, 208 ajAtazatru andhavana aTThavAcika apAlA (aSTavAcika) abhirUpAnandA (bau0 bhi0) 17 aDDhakAzI (bau0 bhi0) 17, 29, abhiSekA 128, 129, 131, 143 (arddhakAzI) 120 aDDhasaga amarAvatI 84, 101, 138, 140, aNicola 54, 58, 120, 152 195, 196, 197, 209, 210 atharvaveda athullavajjApatti 145 ambapAlI (bau0 bhi0) 16, 17, 208 adesa nAgAminI Apatti 145 (AmrapAlI) adhiTTAna uposatha ariTThavihAra anavasesApatti ariSTanemi anavasthApya (prAya0) 142,143,171 aruNopapAta anAgAmiphala avagrahAnantaka / anAthapiNDaka 18, 207 avandiya 121 anuddhAtika prAyazcitta 141, 169, avalokitA (bau0 bhi0) 212, 211 171, 172,174, 175 aviSiNA (bau0 bhi0) 100 47 145 52

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: : A Andhra 242 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha azoka (maurya samrATa) 125, 151, utukkhAna 72 152, 202, 203, 206 uttamA (bau0 bhi0) 102, 103 azokA (bau0 bhi0) 124 / uttaradAsaka (jaina zrAvaka) aSTagurudharma 10, 11, 68, 70 uttarA (jai0 bhi0) 14, 45 117, 135, 191, uttarAdhyayana (TIkA) (aTThagurudhamma) uttarAdhyayana (niyukti) ahicchatra 201 uttarAdhyayana (sUtra) 13, 37, 38, 44, 86, 93, 181 AcArAMga 7, 45, 59, 80, 127 uttarAsaMga 53-54, 56, 74 188 utpalavarNA (bau0 bhi0) 16, 133 Aditya utpAdana (AhAra-doSa) 34, 35, 39 Ananda (sthavira) 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, udayana (kauzAmbI-nareza) 15 124, 144, 145, 208, udakazATikA 55, 67, 154 211, 216 udgama (AhAra-doSa) 34, 35, 39 202 udghAtika prAyazcitta 141, 172,174 Apatti 145 175, 176, 177 AyAga-paTTa upacAlA (bau0 bhi0) 195 ArAdhanA upazamA (bau0 bhi0) 17 Arya punarvasu 209 Avazyaka niyukti 107 upasampadA 10, 18, 20, 21, 22, 120, 122, 135, 138,139, AlocanA (prAya0) 87, 89, 90, 151, 157, 192, 197 98, 142, 179 upasthApanA 24 AvasatthacIvara 54, 58, 120, 155 upAdhyAyA 26, 27, 67, 139 122 AsannagarbhA (upAdhyAyinI) 140, 141, 197, 209, 210 itsiga (cInI yAtrI) 211 upAzraya 79, 80, 81, 108, 109 upAsakadazAMga 127 uggahaNantaga 46, 47 upAsikA vihAra uggahapaTaTaga 46, 47 upAhanatthavika ujjayinI 202 uposatha 10, 69, 70, 71, 72, ur3IsA 201, 202 73, 74, 76, 98, 136, 81

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anukramaNikA : 243 52 40 209 138, 151, 156, 177, kappAsika (kapAsa) 178, 197 kamaThaka uposathAgAra 71, 72, 119 / kambala ubbirI (bau0 bhi0) 15 karakaNDu 14, 20 uvAda 10, 70, 72, 74, 100 karNamalaharaNI 156, 197 karNazodhanI karnATaka Rgveda kaliMga 14, 201, 202 RSabha 6 kAThiyAvAr3a 202 RSidAsI (bau0 bhi0) 18, 100 kApilAyinI (bau0 bhi0) 99 RSipattana kAmandakI (bau0 bhi0) 212, 214 (sAranAtha) kAmpilya 201 kAyotsarga 87, 88, 98, 105, eSaNA (AhAra-doSa) 34, 35, 39 179 o kArle okacchiya kAlakAcArya 33, 110, 114, 202 oghaniyukti 47, 51, 59, 107 kAlabbe (jai0 bhi0) 97, 204 AvAda-thApana 76, 77 kAlI (jai0 bhi0) 14, 91, 95 kAlI (bau0 bhi0) 83, 138 aupakakSikI 52 kAzI 29, 63, 120, 200, 201 kASThahAraka __kilhU (jai0 bhi0) kaMcuka 47, 52, 53, 54, 120, kuMjarahInaka vihAra 158 kuNAla 201 kaThina 56, 57, 59, 155 kuNDalakezA (bau0 bhi.) kaNDupaTicchAdana 54, 162 kudA 138, 196, 209 kadamodaka 121 kuntI kaniSka (kuSANa nareza) 84, 201 kuru 201 206 kUTAgArazAlA 7, 9 kanherI 138, 139, 196, 209 kRzAgautamI (bau0 bhi.) : kapilavastu 8, 9, 206, 208, kRSNa 212, 214 kRSNA (jai0 bhi0) au 205

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244 : jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha ha ardha kezaluJcana kesI koTivarSa kolhApura kozala kozA ( gaNikA) kozikA (nadI) kauzAmbI 63, 200, 201, 206, 207 53 kauzeya kSudra Aryaka kSudrA (jai0 bha0 ) kSullakakumAra khaMdarajana khaMdhakaraNI khAravela khujjakaraNI khotAna gaMgA gacchAcAra gaNadhara 201 25, 26, 30, 133 20 201 203 200, 201, 206 15 65, 200 kSullaka kSullikA kSullikA 30, 31 kSullikA (jai0 bhi0 ) 128, 149 kSemA (bau0 bhi0 ) 98, 100, 198 207 kSa ga 195 203 14, 20 57 48 202 107 42, 43 gaNapUrti 28. gaNAvacchedinI 67, 127, 128, 130, 131 94, 132 130, 131 guptA (bau0 bha0 ) gRdhrakUTa gocchaka gomUtra 24 gautama 65, 200 50, 60, 107, 182, 188 134, 135 gaNinavAcaka gaNinI 116, 129, 132, 134, gaNDapraticchAdana gantI (jai0 bhi0 ) garukApatti gardabhilla gAndhArI ghar3A ghoSA ghoSA (bau0 bhi0 ) cilamilikA cIvarakAla 141, 143 54 97 145. 34, 110, 202 5 19 104 52 29 12 ca caNDakAlI ( bau0 bhi0 ) candanA (jai0 bhi0 ) candragiri parvata candragupta maurya campA calaNI calanikA cAlA (bau0 bhi0 ) gha 58. m 134 123 19, 91, 97 202 200, 206. 47 56 104, 195 52 56

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covara nidahaka cIvara paTiggAhaka cIvara bhAjaka cullavagga cetiyavaMdaka cedi colapaTTaga chanda 72, 162 chAndogyopaniSad 3 cheda (prAya0) 135, 142, 143, 172 31, 128 -chedopasthApanIya cAritra ja jagazrI sarasvatI (jai0 bhi0 ) 205 janaka ( rAjarSi) 5 207 128 jayapura jayasena (bau0 bhikSu ) jAMgamika jAmbakumAra jinakuzala sUri jinacandra sUri jinadatta sUri jinadattA (bau0 bhi0 ) jinezvara sUri jIvaka jIvA (jai0 bhi0 ) 56 56 56 7, 22, 194 195, 209 63, 201 88 junnAra jUnAgar3ha julAba virecana jetavana vihAra jJAtAdharmakathA 45 14 205 205 204 99 204, 205 55 203 84, 209 202 40 207 14, 91, 92, 93, 96, 127 gati (jJapti) jati catutthakamma atidutiya kamma tacarajana tadubhaya (prA0 ) tapa ( prAya 0 ) tapasa talaghAtaka tApasI anukramaNikA : 245 Ja tAlapralamba tirITapaTTa tiSyA (bo0 bhi0 ) tripiTaka trepaTikA s datavana dantazodhanI 27, 31 27, 74, 138 71, 137 thullanandA (bau0 bhi0 ) (sthUlanandA) thullavajjApatti theravAdI 22, 57 142 142 2 118, 153 4 tha thullaccaya 40, 59, 146, 152, 199 123 108 45 17 105 198, 207, 210 145 146, 147, 149, 150, 153, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168 therI ( sthavirA ) 39, 139, 196, 209 therIgAthA 15, 17, 91, 99, 105, 123, 206, 58 52

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246 : jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha 58 52 dantikA (bau0 bhi0) 104 dhIrA (bau0 bhi0) dazazIlama 136 dhRtarASTra dazArNa (nagara) 63, 201 dhyAna 86, 87, 90, 91, 101, digambara 38, 39, 44, 45, 52, 102, 103, 104, 105 59, 65, 68, 81, 95, 96, 115, 116, 133, 134, nakhacchedana 135, 143, 181, 189, 191 nakhaharaNI divAkara mitra (bauddhAcArya) 212 nandA (bI0 bhi0) 102, 124, 195 dIghanikAya 124 nandA (ja. bhi.) 188 dukkaTa 12, 42, 55, 72, 74, 75, nandiSeNa 77, 146, 168, 216 nanduttarA (bau0 bhi0) duThThalApatti 145 navakammaka dubbhAsita 146, 169 dRSTivAda nAgArjunIkoNDA 210 devadattA (bau0 bhi0) nAgita devariyA nANabbekanti (jai0 bhi0) 208 devAnAMpiyatissa nAlandAmahAvihAra 215 83 desanAgAminI Apatti 145 64, 65 202 nAsika 138, 209 draupadI (jai0 bhi0) nirayAvalisUtra 20 91,97 niyukti dhanazrI (jai0 bhi0) nirvadya (jai0 zrAvaka) 217 nirvANa 101 dhanya dharmaghoSA (ja0 bhi0) 81, 129 nizItha cUNi 107, 109, 113, dharmottarIya (bauddha nikAya) 84, 209 dhammadinnA (bau0 bhi0) 16, 98, nizItha sUtra (dharmadattA) 198 nizraya 28, 29, 31, 82, 83, dhammapada 139, 151, 192, 193 ghAmathA (jaibhi) 204 nissaggiya pAcittiya 56, 146, pAraNA 27, 31 164,167, 175, 176 bhAravAr3a 217 nepAla 201 nAva dravir3a

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nemi (ariSTanemi ) nyagrodhArAma pakSamAnata paccattharaNa paTalAni paTAcArA (bau0 bhi0 ) 15, 16, 99, 100 57 8 patarajana padmAvatI ( jai0 bhi0 ) 14, 20, 91, 95, 127, 221 91 pavajitikA paatikA pavayitA 10 54 51, 52 paramatthadIpanI parikkhAra parikkhAracIlaka paribhoga (AhAra- doSa ) 34, 35, parivAsa 75, 151, 152, 178 parivrAjikA 2, 154 parihAra, ( prA0 ) 135, 143, 178, 179 138 138 138 pahAr3apura pAMcAla 82 63, 201 28, 54, 55 pAMDukAbhaya, ( siMhala nareza ) 82, 202 pAMsukUla pAcittiya 28, 40, 41, 66, 69, 70, 74, 75, 118, 119, 120, 137, 139, 140, 146, 152, 153, 162, 163, 164, 170, 171, 105 55 39 173, 174, anukramaNikA : 247 175, 176, 177, 194 123 pAcittiya pAli pATisanIya 146, 167, 168 pAtimokkha 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 119, 136, 138, 152, 161, 168, 178, 179 73 51, 52, 97 51, 52 51, 52 51, 52 52 26 pAtimokkha uposatha pAtra pAtrakabandha pAtrakesarikA pAtra sthApana pAdalekhanikA pAmbabbe (jai0 bhi0 ) pArAjika ( prA0 ) pArAjika 29,105, 117, 118, 119, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 170, 171, 172, 177, 178, 192 pArAjika pAli 123 pArizuddhi 72 pAvA 200, 201 pArzvanAtha 6, 7 piNDaniyukti 35 pitRsena kRSNA (jai0 bhi0 ) 95 pippalAda 3 puggala uposatha punarvasu (bau0 bhi0 ) puppharajana purivaTTa (nagara) purisavyaJjana 135, 143, 170, 178 73 101 57 63 121

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211 pratyAkhyAna 248 : jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMva puruSajyeSThadharma 187, 188-89 bala (bo0 bhikSu) puSpacUlA (jai0 bhi0) 13 balavarmA (jai0 bhi0) 188 pUrNakRSNA (bau0 bhi0) 139 bahiniyasaNI pUNikA (bau0 bhi0) 18 bANabhaTTa poTTilA (jai0 bhi0) 14, 97 bAdAmI 203 potaka 45 bAlanandI pratikramaNa (prAya0) 87, 88, 98, / bAhubalI 93, 188 142, 179 bimbisAra (magadha samrATa) 201 pratidezanA 40 buddha (gautama) 1, 6, 7, 8, 11, 15, pratilekhana 86, 87, 88, 89, 98 / 17, 28, 40, 55, 72, 74, 87, 88 82, 83, 84, 99, 117, pravacanasAra 189 121, 124, 125, 144, pravattinI 27, 28, 31, 49, 50, 145, 148, 162, 191, 64, 65, 66, 67, 90, 92, 195, 197, 205, 207, 98, 101, 127, 128, 129, 208, 215, 216, 217, 130, 131, 137, 139, 140, 141, 178, 193 buddhagupta (gupta-samrATa) 82 pravAraNA 10, 69, 70, 77, 78, 101, 151 79, 151, 156, 160, 179, buddhamitrA (bau0bhi0) 99, 207 197 buddharakSitA (bau0 bhi0) 84, 195, praznopaniSad 212, 214 prasenajita (kozala nareza) 98, 198, bRhatkalpabhASya 47, 51,97, 113, 128, 188, 201, 202 bRhatkalpabhASyakAra 20, 46, 62, phalarajana 57 63, 80, 107, 108, 112 phAhiyAna 12, 41-42, 43, 125, bRhatkalpasUtra 38, 46, 61, 63, 198, 207, 208, 211, 65, 80, 127, 200 212 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 35 phlITa bodhagayA bodhi (bau0 bhi0) 197, 209 baMga 201 bauddha saMgIti bakhtiyAra khilajI 215 brahma 219 buddhaghoSa 207 : sh lh

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- anukramaNikA : 249 brahmacarya 11,79, 143, 182, bhUtadattA (jai0 bhi0) 183 bhUtavAda brahmacarya-skhalana 50 bhUtA (jai0 bhi0) brahmaputra (nadI) 65, 200 bhesajjatyavika brahmavAdinI 4 bhaMga (pAvA) 63, 201 brAhmI (jai0 bhi0) 19, 93, 188, bhRgukaccha (nagara) 102 199 202 28 manu 204 magadha 201, 202, 206 bhaMga 53 majjhima nikAya 125, 195 bhaktapAna pratyAkhyAna 186 mathurA (nagara) 12, 81, 84, 99, bhaNDAgAra 56 128, 132, 188, 201, bhadanta jayasena 81 203, 206, 208 bhadantI 196, 209 madanarekhA (jai0 bhi0) 13, 20, 221 bhadrabAhu madhyama deza bhadrA (bau0 bhi0) 213 bhadrAkuNDalakezA (bau0 bhi0) 91-92. maraNavibhakti 222 marudevI (jai0 bhi0) bhadrAyaNIya (bauddha nikAya) 209 malaya (bhaddilapura) 63, 201 bhavabhUti mallIkumArI 6, 13, 15 bhasaka (jai0 bhikSu) mahattarikA 130, 132, 134 bhAMgika mahAkAlI (jai0 bhi0) bhANDAgArika mahAkAzyapa (baudAcArya) mahAkRSNA (jai0 bhi0) bhAbU 207 mahAtissa (bauddhAcArya) bhArata mahAparijJA bhikkhunI pAcittiya 24, 69, 92, mahAprajApati gautamI 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 21, 26, 125, bhikkhunI pAtimokkha 123, 214 135, 191, 192, 198, bhikSuNI ovAdaka 74, 75, 207, 208 (bhikkhunovAdaka) mahAbhArata bhikSuNI vinaya 10, 22, 76, 138, mahAmaudgalyAyana 17, 92, 197 163, 167, 169 mahArASTra 202 114 : : : : : bhAjA 209 25

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250 : jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha mahAvaMsa 24, 28, 55, 82, 125, 136, 139, 196, 202 9 mahAvana mahAvIra 1, 6, 7, 12, 44, 200, 201, 214, 216 mahAsaMghika 22, 76, 138, 146, 147, 149, 150, 162, 164, 167, 168, 169, 209 95 200 28 52 mahAsenakRSNA (jai0 bhi0 ) mahI (nadI) mahendra (thera) mAtraka mAnata 66, 75, 117, 150, 151, 170, 172, 173, 193 99, 123, 124, 125 mAra mAlatImAdhava mAhI mitra (devatA) mitrA (bau0 bhi0 ) mithilA mu~hapattI mukhapuJchana mukhavastrikA muNDaka (upaniSad) muktA (bau0 bhi0 ) mUla (prAya0 ) 139, 142 mUlarajana 57 mUlAcAra 38, 39, 68, 132, 133, 134, 190 8 meghiya tArya 212, 214 65 2 17 13, 200 52 54 97 3 18 13 triyA (bI0 bha0 ) 215 3, 4, 5 maitreyI maithuna 108, 118, 146, 147, 169, 170, 177, 220 119 maithuna - sevana moliya phagguNa (bau0 bhikSu), 121, 195, 215 ya yakSadattA (jai0 bha0 ) yakSA (jai0 bhi0 ) yakSiNI (jai0 bhi0 ) yati yamunA (nadI) yazabhadrA (jai0 bhi0 ) yAkinI sunU yAjJavalkya yAjJavalkya dharmasUtra yAjJavalkya smRti yAna rAmakRSNA (jai0 bhi0) rAmAyaNa 14 14 91, 127 1, 2 65, 200 14, 20 188 3. rajastrANa 52 rajoharaNa 52, 53, 97 rathanemi 93, 188 rAjakArAma vihAra 83, 85, 209 rAjagRha 11, 124, 200, 206 rAjImatI (jai0 bhi0 ) 13, 93, 188, 199 rAjImatI ( anya jai0 bhi0 ) 97, 204 rAjyazrI 211, 212 8 94 213 66, 67 95 4, 5, 6

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83 145, 152 vizvadeva 63, 201 vizvavArA anukramaNikA : 251 2 vinaya piTaka 40. reNA (jai0 bhi0) 14 vimala koNDanya 17 romazA 2 vimalA (bau0 bhi0) 17, 102 viveka (prAya) laMkA (siMhala) vizAkha (bauddha upAsaka) laMjatissa (siMhala-nareza) vizAkhA (bauddha upAsikA) lahukApatti lATa (nagara) lohitA (bau0 bhi0) viSNukA (bau0 bhi0) vihArasvAminI vaccha (vairATa) 63, 201 vorakRSNA (jai. bhi.) vekacchiya vaDDhamAtA (bau0 bhi0) 102, 104 vaDaDhesI (bau0 bhi0) 100, 103 varasvAmI vairATa vatsa 201 201, 207 vatsagotra 125 vaizAlI 7, 9, 17, 102, 125, bandana 87, 98 200, 206, 208. varaNA 201 vyavahAra sUtra 24, 127, 143 varuNa vaziSTha dharmasUtra zacI varSAvAsa 67, 68, 69, 70, 78, zayyAtara 32, 194 vasu vasulA (jai0 bhi0) zazaka (jaina bhikSu) 114 vAk AmbhRNI zikSamANA 10, 22, 23, 24, 27, vAcaka 28, 29, 30, 31, 65, 66, vAtarazanA 70, 101, 105, 120, 122, vArANasI 135, 136, 137, 138, vAziSThI (bau0 bhi0) 13, 15 139, 140, 141, 156, vAsavadattA (bau0 bhi0) 212 157, 158, 161, 173, vAsu (gaNikA) vijayA (bau0 bhi0) zikSApada 24, 26, 30, 76, 145 videha (nagara) 63, zivabhati 12, 14,45. 213 zabarI / __79, 155, 200 s sh

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252 : jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha zizupacAlA (bo0 bhi0) 124, 195- saMghAdisesa 117, 118, 119, 145, 146, 147, 149, zuklA (bau0 bhi0) 100, 198 150, 151, 152, 162, zubhA (bau0 bhi0) 102, 124 174 zailA (bau0 bhi0) 104, 123 saMDibbha (nandIpura) 63, 201 zyAmA (bau0 bhi0) 15, 103 saMyutta nikAya 124 zyAmA (jai0 bhi0) 204 saMlekhanA 87, 96, 97, zyAmAvatI (bau0 bhi0) 15 sakulA (bo0 bhi0) zvetAmbara 15, 39, 44, 45, 59, sakRdAgAmiphala 81, 95, 96, 116, 133, satyabhAmA 134, 135, 143, 181, satyavatI sanatkumAra zravaNabelagola samavasaraNakAla zramaNikA 138 samavAyAMga zrAmaNerI, 24, 26 30, 70, 101, samavAyAMga prakIrNaka 127 105, 122, 135, 136, samAdhi 101 137, 138, 139, 141, samAdhimaraNa 158, 161, 193 samudrikA (bau0 bhi0) 101, 140, zrAvastI 14, 16, 18, 63, 83, 209 85, 121, 123, 124, 200, samprati 201, 202, 203, 206, sammitiya nikAya 207, 208 207, 212, 214, 215, sarayU (nadI) 65, 200 sarasvatI (jai0 bhi0) 34, 110, 202 "SaTAvazyaka sarvAstivAdI 'SaDdharma 208 sAMcI 100, 207 sANa (sana) saMkacchikA sAgArakRta saMgha uposatha sAtavAhana 209 saMghamitrA (bau0 bhi0) 24, 28, 83, sAditA (jai0 bhi0) 204 125, 139, 196, 222 sAnaka saMghATI 48, 53, 56, 154 sAmaggI uposatha 3 202 73 sAtavA 45

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.anukramaNikA : 253 7, 182 .nn 120 18 . sAmAyika 86, 87 sUtrakRtAMga sAmAyika cAritra 31 sUttu isa upasitha sAranAtha 99, 206, 207 sUyAsAvitrI sAriputra 92, 195, 197 sUrasena sAvasesApatti 145 sekhiya sAlha (bauddha upAsaka) 84, 215 seNA (ja0 bhi0) siMdha (nadI) 65, 200 sokhA (bau0 bhi0) sindhu sauvIra 63, 201 sotApattiphala siMhala ____ 28. 55, 56 saudAminI (bau0 bhi0) . 212 siMhA (bau0 bhi0) 105, 106 saurASTra 63, 201 sItA sorya 63, 201 sukAlI (jai0 bhi0) 14, 95 stavana 86, 87 sukumArikA (jai0 bhi0) 114 stutipratyAkhyAna sukumAlikA (jai0 bhi0) 14 sthavirA 109, 128, 129, 134, sukRSNA (jai0 bhi0) 95 186 suttapAhur3a 189 sthAnAMga 12, 19, 20, 34, 87, suttapiTaka 100 91, 188 suditrikA (bau0 bhi0) 16, 23, 221 sthAnezvara 63, 200 sundarI (ja0 bhi0) 15, 19, 93, 14, 15 sundarInandA (bo0 bhi0) 84, 123, svAdhyAya 86, 87, 91 96 sthAnAMga TIkA 23 188, 199 sthUlabhadra 215 ha 83 217. supriyA (bauddha upAsikA) hatthAlhaka vihAra subhadrA (jai0 bhi0) 20 haribhadra 188 sumaMgalamAtA (bo0 bhi0) 102 harSacarita 211 sumeghA (bau0 bhi0) 19, 99, 123 halebIDa sulabhA 5,6 hAthIgumphA abhilekha 82, 201, 202 suvratA (jai0 bhi0) 19, 91 hatAhatikA sUI vihAra abhilekha, 84 hemazrI (jai0 bhi0) sUcI (sUI) 52, 58 hvenasAMga 12, 57, 125, 198, sUcIghara 162 207,208, 211, 212 sUtAtIkinI 198, 210 homadevI (jai0 bhi0) 205 205

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mUlagrantha-sUcI aMguttara nikAya : hindI anuvAda-bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana mahAbodhi sabhA, klkttaa| antakRtadazAMga : vyAkhyAkAra-zrI jJAnamunijI mahArAja, AcArya zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka ludhiyAnA, saMvat 2027 / aSTaprAbhRta : kundakundAcAryakRta-zrI zAntivIra digambara jaina saMsthAna, zrI zAntivIra nagara, rAjasthAna / AcArAMga sUtra ': hindo anuvAda-amolaka RSi, zrI amolaka jaina jJAnAlaya, dhUliyA, mahArASTra 1960 / Avazyaka cUNi (prathama evaM : zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImala jI zvetAmbara uttara bhAga) sasthA, ratalAma, 1929 / Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA : mANikyazekharasUriviracina-jainagranthamAlA, (prathama evaM dvitIya bhAga) gopIpurA sUrata / uttarAdhyayana sUtra : sampA0-sAdhvI candanA, sanmati jJAna pITha, AgarA, 1972 / uttarAdhyayana vRtti(do bhAga meM) : devacanda lAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra samiti jhAverI bAjAra, bambaI 1916 / upaniSad saMgraha : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI (prathama saMskaraNa), 1970 / Rgveda : sampAdaka-sAntabalekara, bhArata mudraNAlaya, satArA, 1940 / oghaniyukti (vRtti) : bhadrabAhukRta, Agamodaya samiti, 1919 / kappasuttaM (kalpasUtra) prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura, 1977 / kappasuttaM (bRhatkalpasUtra) : sampA0-munizrI kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sAMDerAva, rAjasthAna, 1977 /

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mUla graMtha-sUcI : 255 bRhatkalpabhASya (chaH bhagoM meM) * zrI AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1936 / gacchAyAra paiNNayaM : rAmajI dAsa kizora candra jaina, mAnasA (gacchAcAra) maNDI, pepsU, 1951 / cullavagga pAli : nAlandA devanAgarI pAli granthamAlA, bihAra rAjakIya pAli prakAzana maNDala, 1956 / jItakalpasUtra : zrI jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNaviracita, saMzodhaka-muni puNyavijaya, bhAIzrI babalacandra kezavalAla modo hAjApaTelanI, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1994 / jJAtAdharmakathA (nAyAdhamma- : sampA0-60 zobhAcandra bhArilla, zrI kahAo) tilokaratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI, ahamadanagara, 1964 / therIgAthA : uttamabhikkhuNA pakAsito, raMgUna, 1937 / dazavakAlika : anu0-ghevaracanda bAMThiyA, agaracanda bhairo dAna seThiyA jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera, 1985 / dIgha nikAya : anu0-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, 1936 / dhammapada : anu0 evaM sampA0-bhikSu dharmarakSita, khelAr3I lAla eNDa sansa, saMskRta buka Dipo, kacaur3I galI, vArANasI, 1959 / / dhyAnazataka : jinabhadrakSamAzramaNaviracita, vinayasundara caraNa granthamAlA, jAmanagara, vi0 saM0, 1977 / nizItha sUtra : anu0-amolaka RSijI, jaina zAstroddhAra mudrAlaya, sikandarAbAda / nizItha vizeSa caNi (cAra sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1957 / bhAgoM meM) pAcittiya pAli : nAlandA devanAgarI pAli granthamAlA pAli pablikezana borDa (bihAra sarakAra) 1958 /

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256 : jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha pAtimokkha : sampA0-Ara0 DI0 vADekara, bhaNDArakara oriyaNTala sIrIja prathama, bhaNDArakara oriyaNTala risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA 1939 / pArAjika pAli : nAlandA devanAgaro pAli granthamAlA pAli pablikezana borDa (bihAra sarakAra) 1958 / piNDaniyukti : bhadrabAhu, malayAcArya vRtti, devacanda lAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI, 1918 / pravacanasAra : kundakundAcAryaviracita, sampA0-e. ena0 upAdhye, zrImada rAjacandra jaina zAstra mAlA, gujarAta, 1964 / / buddhavaMsa : sampA0-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, uttamabhikkhu / bhikSuNI vinaya : sampAdaka-gustava rAtha, raMgUna, 1937 / ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla risarca insTITyUTa paTanA, 1970 / majjhima nikAya : anu0-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1964, mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, 1964 / mahAbhArata : vedavyAsapraNota gotA, presa, po0 gotA presa, gorkhpur| mahAvaMsa : anu0-DablyU0 gAigara, solona gavarnameMTa, inphArmezana DipArTameNTa, kolambo / mahAvagga pAli : nAlandA devanAgarI pAli granthamAlA, bihAra rAjakIya pAli prakAzana maNDala, 1956 / mAlatImAdhava : bhavabhUtiviracita, loka bhAratI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, 1973 / / mUlAcAra (prathama evaM dvitIya : mANikacandra, di. jaina granthamAlA samiti, giragA~va, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977 / rAmAyaNa : vAlmIkikRta, sampA0-esa0 kuppusvAmI zAstrI, madrAsa laoN jarnala presa, 1933 / bhAga)

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mUla graMthasUcI / 257 vinaya-piTaka : anu. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana. mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha (banArasa, 1935) / vyavahAra sUtra : sampA0-muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI "kamala", Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sAMDe. rAva, raajsthaan| saMyutta nikAya : anu0-bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, bhikSu dharmarakSita, prathama saMskaraNa, 1954, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, vaaraannsii| samantapAsAdikA (tIna bhAgoM : sampAdaka-bIrabala zarmA, nava nAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, paTanA, 1965 / sUtrakRtAMga : anu0-muni amolaka RSijI,zrI amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhUliyA, mahArASTra, 1963 / sthAnAMga : sampA0~-muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala', Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sAMDerAva, rAjasthAna / harSacaritam : bANabhaTTakRta, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1978 / sahAyaka grantha-sUcI hindI jAtakakAlIna bhAratIya : mahato, mohana lAla, bihAra rASTra bhASA saMskRti pariSad, pttnaa| jaina kalA evaM sthApatya (tIna : sampA0-ghoSa, amalAnanda, (anu0-lakSmI bhAgoM meM) candra jaina) bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, 1975 / jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka : dige, arhadAsa baMDobA (pA0 vi0 granthaadhyayana mAlA : 23) sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 1981 / jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (prathama : sampA0-jaina hIrAlAla, zrI mANikacandra bhAga) digambara jaina granthamAlA, bmbii| vahI (dvitIya evaM tRtIya : sampA0-vijayamUrti, zrI mANika candra bhAga) digambara jaina granthamAlA, bmbii|

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258 : jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha vahI (caturtha evaM paMcama bhAga) : sampA.-johArapurakara, vidyAdhara, bhAra tIya jJAnapITha, kAzI (vaaraannsii)| therI gAthAe~ : upAdhyAya bharata siMha, sastA sAhitya maNDala prakAzana, naI dillI / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa : kANe, pI0 vI0 (anu0-arjuna caube), (prathama bhAga) hindI samiti, sUcanA vibhAga, uttara pradeza, lkhnuu| nizItha-eka adhyayana : mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha, sanmati jJAnapITha, aagraa| bauddha dharma ke 2500 varSa : bApaTa, pI0, vI0, pablikezana Divijana, olDa sekreTeriyaTa, dillI, 1956 / bauddha evaM jaina AgamoM meM : jaina, komala candra, sohana lAla jaina dharma nArI jIvana pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 1967 / bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA : pANDeya, govinda canda, hindI samiti, itihAsa (dvitIya saMskaraNa) sUcanA vibhAga, uttara pradeza, lakhanaU / ENGLISH Age of Imperial Unity : Ed. Majumdar R.C., Bhara(Part II) tiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay, 1951 Ancient Indian Education : Mookerji R. K., Macmillon (Brahmanical And Buddhist) and Company, London,1947 Asceticism In Ancient India : Chakraborti, H., Punthi Pus. taka, Calcutta, 1973 Asoka : Mookerji, R.K., Macmillion And Co., London, 1928 Buddha, His Life, His Doct- : Oldenberg, H., Book Comprine, His Order any Ltd. Calcutta, 1927 (translated into English from German by William Holi) Buddhist Sects In India : Dutta, Nalinaksha, Firma, (Re-print, 1978) KLM, Private Ltd. Calcutta, 1977

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sahAyaka graMthasUcI : 259 Contribution to the History : Sharma, H. D., Oriental of Brahmanical Asceticism Book Agency, Poona, 1939 (Poona Oriental Series, No. 64) Corpus Inscriptionum Indi- : Ed. Hultzsch, E., The clar. carum Vol. I (Inscriptions of endon Press, Oxford, 1925 Asoka) Dictionary of Early Buddhist : Upasaka, G. S., Bharatiya Monastic Terms Prakashan, Varanasi, 1975 Dictionary of Pali Proper : Malalasekerara, G.P., Indian Names Text Series, London, 1937 Dictionary of Prakrita Proper : Ed. Malavaniya, Dalsukha Names (L. D. Series, 28) L. D. Institute of Indology. Ahmedabad, 1970 Early Buddhist Jurisprudence : Bhagavat, Durga N., Orien tal Book Agency, Poona, 1939 Early Buddhist Monachism : Dutta, Sukumar (From 600 B. C. to 100 : Kegal Paul, Trench Trubner B. C.) & Co. Ltd. London, 1924 Early Monastic Buddhism : Dutta, Nalinaksha, Calcutta (Part I) (Calcutta Oriental Oriental Press Limited, Series No. 30) 1941 Education In Ancient India : Altekar, A. S., Nand Kishor And Bros, Banaras, 1944 Epigraphia Indica (Vol. II) : Ed.-Burgess, Jas. Motilal Banarasidass, Jawahar Nagar Delhi-7, 1970 Essence of Buddhism : Narasu, P., Lakshmi Thacker & Co. Ltd. Bombay, (Third Edition, 1948)

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260 : jaina evaM bauddha bhikSuNI-saMgha History of Indian Literature : Winterniz, Maurice, Univer(Vol. II) sity of Calcutta, 1933 Heart of Jainism ; Stevenson, S. (First Indian Edition, November, 1970, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi. History of Jain Monachism : Dev. S. B., Deccan College, Post Graduate and Research Institute, Poona, 1956 Indian Architecture : Brown, Percy, D. B. Tarapo(Buddhist and Hindu) ravela Song And Co. Private (Seventh Re-print) Ltd., Bombay 1976 Jaina Monastic Jurisprudence : Dev, S. B., Jain Cultural Research Society, Benares, 1960 Life of Buddha As Legend : Thomas, Edward, Kegan And History Paul Trench Trubaner And Co, Ltd. London 1927 List of Brahmi Inscriptions : Berlin, H. Luders, Indologi(From Earliest Times to cal Book House, Varanasi About A. D. 400 with the 1973 exception of those of Asoka) On Yuan Chang's Trevells In : Waters, thomas, Royal AsiIndia atic Society, London Position of Women In Hindu : Altekar, A, S. The Culture Civilization Publication House, B.H.U., 1938 Studies In the Origins of : Pandey, G.C., Ancient Hist, Buddhism Cult. And Arch. Department, Allahabad University, 1957

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sahAyaka graMthasUcI : 261 Travells of Huen-Tsong (Si- : Beal, Samual, Sushil Gupta, Yu-Ki. Buddhist Records India Limited, Calcutta, of the Western World) 1957 Women In Buddhist Litera- : Law, B. C., W. E. Bastian & Co., Ceylon 1927 Women Under Primitive : Horner, I, B. (First Edition, Buddhism London, 1930. Re-print New Delhi, 1975) Motilal Banarasidass, New Delhi, ture

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hamAre mahatvapUrNa prakAzana 1. Political History of Northern India from Jaina Sources -Dr. G. C. Choudhary 80.00 2. An Early History of Orissa-Dr. Amar Chand Mittal 40.00 3. A Cultural Study of the Nisitha Curni-Dr. Madhu Sen 60.00 4. Jaina Temples of Western India-Dr. Harihar Singh 200.00 5. The Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thought -Dr. Kamla Jain 50.00 6. Doctoral Dissertations in Jaina and Buddhist Studies -Dr. Sagarmal Jain & Dr. Arun Pratap Singh 40.00 7. Studies in Jaina Philosophy-Dr. N. M. Tatia 100.00 8. jaina AcAra-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA 20.00 9. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga 1 se 7) 290.00 10. yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana-DA0 gokulacandra jaina 30.00 11. uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana-DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina 40.00 (u0 pra0 sarakAra dvArA 500 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta) 12. jaina dharma meM ahiMsA-DA0 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA 30.00 13. apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka-DA0 premacandra jaina 30.00 (u0 pra0 sarakAra dvArA 1000 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta) 14. jaina dharma darzana-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA 30.00 (u0 pra0 sarakAra dvArA 1000 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta) 15. tattvArthasUtra (vivecana sahita)-paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI 40.00 16. jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana-DA0 arhaddAsa baMDovA dige 30.00 17. jaina pratimA vijJAna-DA0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI 120.00 18. prAkRta dIpikA-DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina (chAtra saMskaraNa) 15.00 (pustakAlaya saMskaraNa) 25.00 19. jainAcAryoM kA alaGkAra zAstra ko yogadAna-DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra 40.00 20. jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra-DaoN. lAlacanda jaina 50.00 21. mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana-DaoN0 phalacanda jaina 50.00 22. Anandaghana kA rahasyavAda-DaoN. sAdhvI sUdarzanA zrI jI 40.00 23. vajjAlaggaM (hindI anuvAda)-zrI vizvanAtha pAThaka 8000 chAtra saMskaraNa -:prApti sthAna :pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI-5 (u0 pra0) 60.00 cationyinternational O ctersonary Tww.janglibrary.org